The Missionary Review of the World — April 1930

~(JOu,rtc8V oj EcolcBia8ticai Dcpartmenl.. TijJa-ny Studioa, New

j BRIDAL LINENS FOR SEVENTY· FIVE YEARS we have been assisting brides in selecting Linens for their trousseaux. Our experts know exactly the number of Towels, Table Cloths, Blankets, and other articles that a bride needs to start her Linen Closet. And the extensive collection of Linens and the wide range of prices at McCutcheon's make it possible for a bride-with a limited or unlimited budget-to equip her home with lovely Linens.

Me eutcheon"s ~ Flem AVENUE AT FORTy·NINTH ST.

DEPT. No. 20, NEW YORK Req USibtOO T CALL TO EASTER PRAYER HERE is special reason why Easter this year should stress the meaning and message of the risen Christ to the whole world. Never in our generation has the need been more clamant; never has it been more evident that the evangelical Gospel, and that alone, can solve the grave problems of our time.

And yet at this very time, the validity of religion is being widely questioned, and the words of our Lord, in Matthew XXIV, are again being fulfilled that "many false prophets shall arise, and I shall lead many astray; and because iniquity shall be multiplied, the love of the many shall wax cold."

In these circumstances, we are glad to call attention to the fact that The Foreign Missions Conference of North America is "earnestly urging mission boards and societies to reemphasize evangelism as the vitalizing spirit permeating and directing all their policies and activities at home and abroad." In the inspir- ing fellowship of this service, let us "solemnly renew allegiance to our Lord, and call all our fellow members of the Protestant Churches of North America to a more sacrificial obedience to Him and to a large sharing of the risen, living Christ with all mankind." Will not all the readers of the REVIEW join in the prayer "for a fresh and world-wide induement of power from on high, issuing in great revival of Christian witnessing throughout the Church Universal." A. J. B.

Please mention THE ~l1SSIONARY REYIEW OF THE 'VORI.D in writing to advertisers. PERSONAL standing leader in many activities of this church, died December 2, 1929. MRS. EMILY S. DING, wife of the Presi- dent of the Anglo-Chinese College at ** Foochow, China, is in America, speaking in the interests of American understand- BISHOP CHARLES P. ANDERSON, of the ing of Christian Chinese ideals. diocese of Chicago, died January 30th. Bishop Anderson's two master objectives *•* were church unity and universal peace, He hoped that Roman, Eastern Orthodox, DR. SAMUEL L. MORRIS, secretary of An'dican and all Protestant communions the Executive Committee on Home Mis- might ultimately unite on the basis of sions, Presbyterian Church in the U. S., faith and order. has retired from active service after many years of labor. COMING EVENTS ** April 23-25-RELIGIOUS EDUCATION Asso- CIATION, Cleveland, Ohio. THE REV. CHARLES L. WHITE, D.O., has been elected president of the Home April 25-May I-NATIONAL CONVENTION, Missions Council for the sixth consecu- Y. W. C. A., Detroit, Mich. tive term. November 30th, he retired from the secretaryship of the American April 29-30-EDITORIAL COUNCIL OF THE Baptist Home Mission Society after RELIGIOUS PRESS, Washington, D. C. twenty-one and a half years of efficient service. May 7-COLORED METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, Louisville, Ky. ** May 7-GENERAL CONFERENCE, METHOD- The REV. JOHN A. MOREHEAD, D.O., IST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, SourH, Dalexecutive director of the National Lutheran Council and chairman of its Eu- las, Texas. ropean Commission, has resigned to devote full time to the work of the Lu- May 7-9-CHURCH AND DRAMA LEAGUE, theran World Convention of which he New York, N. Y. is president. May 22-GENERAL ASSEMBLY, PRESBY- *** TERIAN CHURCH IN THE U, S., Char- REV. ERNEST M. WADSWORTH of Buf- lottesville, Va. falo, N. Y., has been chosen Director of the Great Commission Prayer League of May 25-RuRAL LIFE SUNDAY. Chicago, to succeed the late Thomas E. Stephens. May 28-GENERAL ASSEMBLY, UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, Des Moines, ** Iowa.

The REV. FRANK D. GAMEWELL, D.O., May 29-GENERAL ASSEMBLY, PRESBYwho recently retired as Associate Secre- TERIAN CHURCH IN U. S. A., Cincintary of the Methodist Board of Foreign Missions, has returned from China after nati, Ohio. a year's study of conditions there. He first went to China forty-nine years ago June 5-10-GENERAL SYNOD, REFORMED as an educational worker. CHURCH IN AMERICA, Asbury Park, N. J. ** June 6-14–NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DR. GEORGE A. SIMONS, formerly SOCIAL WORK, Boston, Mass. superintendent of Methodist work in Russia, has re5igned as general secre- June 11-15-AFRICAN METHODIST EPIStary of the American-European Fellow- COPAL ZION CHURCH, New York, N. ship. ' Y. *** June 16-20-AsSOCIATION OF EXECUTIVE HENRY T. HODGKIN, British Quaker and an executive of the National Chris- SECRETARIES OF COUNCILS OF tian Council of China, is to direct a new CHURCHES, Chicago, Ill. Quaker educational institution to be opened next September in Philadelphia. June 17-24-WORLD'S COMMITTEE, Ge- The purpose of the school includes the neva, Switzerland. application of religion to social and industrial problems. June 23-29-INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION, Toronto, OBITUARY Canada.

THE REV. STANLEY WHITE, D.D., for- August 5-10–WORLD'S CHRISTIAN ENmerly a secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions for seventeen DEAVOR CONVENTION, Berlin, Geryears, and a charter member of the many. . Near East Relief, died in New York, January 21st, after a long illness. August 14-25-NATIONAL BAPTIST CON- VENTION, Chicago, Ill. ** August 19-24-GENERAL CONFERENCE, MRS. LUKE JOHNSON, a member of the Woman's Board of Home Missions of the SEVENTH DAY BAPTIST CHURCH, Sa- Sonthern Methodist Church and out- lem, W. Va.

September 14-17-EvANGELICAL BROTH- ERHOOD, EVANGELICAL SYNOD OF N. A., NATIONAL CONVENTION, Cleve- land, Ohio. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD The Life-Story of the Greatest Missionary Since Livingstone 1}J<,r..'.'.~ T•. l'umHOX. l':dUoY .ltTH['lt .1. UHOW~. i';dito"r JO)' 19"~O Dan CONTENTS-APRIL, 1930 Craw-ford FRONTISPIECE – Page Missionary and Pioneer CHRE ':fAllY AT THE SEPUJ.. – in Central Africa WHY HAVE MISSIONARY CONTRIBU- By G. E. Tilsley, F.R.6.S. 'l'IONS DECLINED1-A SYMPOSIUM 245 NEW AND OLD IN THE NEAR EAST- Jean Mackenzie says TRAVEL LETTER NO.2 ……. . .••••••••••••• DELAVAX L. PIERSON 258 ·'His biographer knows how to use Dan Crawford's extraordinary Journals and how A MORAL MIRACLE •. SHERWOOD EDDY 266 to t'mbody them in a rich and fascinating r(·cord." Profusely] llustrated, $(1.50.

COOPERATION IN CHRISTIAN LITER- ATURE ……… A. L. 'VARNSHUIS 26D ~lOR:lWNISM AND THE WAY OUT ••• William J. W. Roome, F.R.G.S. . . . . . . . . • . . • . • . . . . CI.ATON S. RICE 273 Through Central Africa THE MORMON CENTENNIAL AND THE lor the Bible PROTESTANT PR9GRAM ……. . ………….. HEIIBERT W. REHERD 278 A bright, sunShiny sort of book, reflecting the spirit whkh carries the m1ssionary 'l'IlR'l'LE MOUNTAIN .. HUGH L. SCOTT 280 through thp fastnesses of ht'athenism, spreading the light of Gospel and bearing INDIAN EDUCATION …… ~'. B. RIGGS 284 the 'Word of life. lllustrated, $1.50.

TOPICS OF THE THtES ……….. . 288 Charles Allen Clark, D.D.

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE REVIEW The Korean Church and the Nevius Methods RETIREMENT OF DR. CHARLES L. The ll}ost compJete history of the Presbyte~ VHITE rian Mission in Korea yet written, which all THE NAVAL CONFERENCE Foreign Boards, together with all who ":MOTHER INDIA" AGl'l'ATIO~ ST[LJ~ strength{'u their hands, may study with en- courageDwnt and cOJlspieuous profit. $2.50. BURSI:NG CHIEF JUSTICE TAFT M. A. Pederson )1ETHODS FOR WORKERS In the Land of the Santals ..•..• EDITED BY MBS. F. I. JOHNSON 292 StoriE'S which bring the day's work of a WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MIS- jungle missionary in "the elbow of the SION BULLETIN •…•.•.•.••… 299 Ganges," a little closer to the people of the hom~land. $1.25. WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ….. 305 J. R. Saunders, Th.D. BOOKS WORTH READING …••..•••• 31g China's ChUdren TERMS.-$2.50 8 year. ($2.00 In clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cellts. Single copies, Ill'. Sidne-y L. Gulick says: "Dr. Saunders 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, bas a gift for giving a large amount of worth-while information in brief space." 1930. by MrsSI0NARY REVIEW PUBLISHDW COM- ] llustrated, $1.25. PANY, INC. All rights resery~d. Stella Rudy THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANy. INC. Rainbow MiSSionary Stories ROBlDRT E. SP~ER. Pre81dent Written expressly to interest chtldren in YU.L[AM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vioc-President missions and missionary effort, and in the little folks of otbrr hmds. $1.50. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretarv Edward Seaman WALTER McDOUQA'~L. Trefl.8urer Peter, Bingo and Those Others Pu~I1cat1on Office. 3d & Reily St., Harrisburg, Pa. 21lc a copy. $2.50 a year. This charming little ::;tory lells uS all about :7ihr 'wh~~ ~~negObo~n~tr~c~li~~O~~r~r~l;~~~r~ anceship. $.60.

I';,]it(lrinl and Business Office, 156 Fifth Avenue, Fleming H. Revell Company New York City NEW YORK, 158 Fifth Ave. CHICAGO. 851 Ca.s St. Bllit"rt'd UR sfacolld-cluss matter at the I1 0st Oftict,. Hnl'I'isburg. Pa.. under Act of lIal'f>h :l. lS~9.

Please mention THlil :MISSIONARY REVIEW OJ' TUm WORLD In writing to advertisE'rs.

LIII, No. 4, April

THE MISSIONARY 16eWO..,-~~,,~ WHY HAVE MISSIONARY CONTRIBUTIONS DECLINED?

A Symposium O UR readers have doubtless JOHN W. WOOD, D.C.L., noted the following state- Secretary, Department of Missions, ment in the January num- Protestant Episcopal Church.

ber of the REVIEW: The following may be among the "Surveys of eleven denomina- reasons for the decline in gifts for tions by Charles H. Fahs and missionary work abroad: Charles Stelzle show that contribu- 1. Increasing secularization of life tions in many denominations have and thought in the United States, with been steadily falling off since the consequent emphasis upon personal peak year of 1921, and that where pleasure and material welfare.

there has been advance, it has not 2. Inaccurate or misunderstood state- been commensurate with the in- ments made by some missionaries crease in membership and nowhere and other Christian leaders, with re- gard to the good features of non- near the increase in the money ex- Christian faiths and culture. This pended on church buildings. Mean- leads to diluted convictions or even time, unprecedented sum s are frankly expressed doubts as to the being poured out on educational in- uniqueness and universality of the stitutions in America." message for the revelation of which We believe that the reasons are our Lord became incarnate.

temporary and that the remedy is 3. Events in China during the past available and adequate. But it is five years have led many people to important that the reasons should think that the Church's task is hope- be understood and the remedy less in that field and if that is true made clear. there, why not everywhere. 4. The merging of a number of in- In order to secure broadly rep- terests and causes in the same appeal.

resentative opinions we sent to This usually results in giving local representative pastors, secretaries, projects first place in the thought of laymen and women the following people.

questions: 5. The tendency to emphasize the 1. What do you believe to be importance of meeting quotas or bud- the reasons for the decline in gifts? gets, which to most people are utterly impersonal, rather than the importance 2. What remedy do you suggest? of making our Lord known and help- Their replies follow: (EDITOR) ing people to relate themselves to 245

Him and to accomplish great tasks in and suppose that this means also that His Name. Christianity is no longer wanted and that missionary efforts are of doubt- The statement of the foregoing rea- ful use. sons carries with it the suggestion of the remedies. 3. The so-called apportionment sys- tem in our Church, whereby the total W. RUSSELL BOWIE, D.D., budget for all missionary maintenance is divided among the dioceses and sub- Rector of Grace Protestant Epis- divided among the parishes and dealt copal Church, New York. with as a single financial sum, has been successful in simplifying the As to the reasons for the recent de- church business detail, but it has had cline in gifts for the work of Christian the disadvantage of blurring the Missions, I can answer best if I speak knowledge which church people should specifically of the work of our own have of definite missionary fields and communion. The reasons, I believe, the workers in them. In the old days why the gifts of our people to our Mis- when missionary bishops and others sions of the Protestant Episcopal had to raise needs largely by direct Church have recently declined are missionary appeals, conditions were these; very haphazard and even heart-break- ing, but for the congregations to 1. In the years immediately follow- which the missionary went there was ing the War, the experience and will- a chance for a kind of interest which ingness of people to cooperate in large is not so easily created when people organized efforts was made use of by are simply giving into the missionary the launching of the so-called Nation- treasury to be distributed in a miscel- Wide Campaign. Through a campaign laneous budget. of intensive education and of systematic appeal for gifts, the receipts for You ask, also, what remedy I would missionary work were very greatly suggest. I know of only one, and that increased. Many people, however, is education, and more education. We imagined that this was a particular need more addresses in our churches effort for three years, and after the by those men who are not merely doinitial enthusiasm had passed, the re- ing good missionary work but have sponse of some began to slacken. I the ability to tell of it compellingly, think the Church failed to continue and we need a more successful method successfully the process of education of bringing our men and women towhich, for a time, had been well begun. gether for missionary study and con- ference under leaders who can tell I fear, also, in church circles, as in them what missionary work means other spheres of our national life, and what it is doing. there was a tendency to react from the high tension of the war years and HUGH THOMSON KERR, D.D., to follow the popular mottoes of "Back to normalcy" and "Business as usual." Pastor Shadyside Presbyterian Church, Pittsburgh, Pa. 2. The recent unrest in China, which was one of the most conspicuous The missionary enterprise is the and successful missions of our Church, thermometer of the Christian Church. has pervaded the minds of many peo- There can be no doubt about it. The ple with the idea that conditions are church at home can be judged by its so chaotic and the results of mission- missionary passion. When the fires ary work so uncertain that the whole on the home altars burn brightly then missionary enterprise is in question. we know that the light is shining far People do not reason clearly about beyond her borders. If missionary this, and do not stop to separate one enthusiasm is low, then it is because mission field from another, but are af- the ~l1UrCp at pome pa~ IQst it§] Zeq). fected by the general thought that the native peoples in various lands are r~bellinl' again~t western civilizatjon~

WHY HAVE MISSIONARY CONTRIBUTIONS DECLINED?

Dr. Alexander Duff, whose name is motives which are not undergirded by associated with India, wrote: "There the love that was born at the cross of was a time when I had no care or con- Christ. The Christian Church is recern for the heathen. That was the flecting the low standard which has time I had no care for my own soul. laid hold upon the life of the people But by the grace of God when I began and has not challenged the social orto care for my own soul I began to der of our own land by the supernatcare for the heathen too. And in my ural and divine mandate of the Gospel. closet on my bended knees I said: "Oh Lord, thou knowest silver and One thing will help. The Church gold have I none for this cause. What at home needs clear-cut evidence from I have I give; I offer myself; wilt the mission field that the Gospel of thou accept the gift?" This has been Christ is the power of God unto salhistorically true of the Church of vation. Personally, I believe that this Christ. When it was selfish and self- evidence is in our hands, but our centered then it was without the mis- imaginations are dulled and we have sionary flare. It was at the door of a eyes and see not. The Church's genself-sufficient, worldly and wealthy erosity, however, cannot Jive forever church that the risen Christ stood on the missionary sacrifice of the waiting for entrance, saying: "Be- great pioneers. The passing generahold, I stand ,at the door and knock," tion was fired in its missionary enand it was upon that church that He thusiasm by the daring deeds of pronounced the most dreadful of all Livingstone and Paton, Carey and judgments: "Because thou sayest, I Morrison, Judson and Chalmers. The am rich and increased with goods and Church today needs fresh evidence. have need of nothing; and knowest Too frequently from missionary leadnot that thou art wretched and mis- ers it has asked for bread and has erable and poor and blind and naked." been given instead the cold stones of economic situations and political ma- One thing and only one is needed. neuverings. The Church will listen The Church in America needs to be to evidence. The heart of the Church baptized into the conviction that the will respond to the things of the spir- Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ is it. When the Church hears from the supreme and final. The Church must lips of inspired missionary prophets recapture the urgency of its own mes- the story of lives redeemed and sins sage, Many things have transpired forgiven through the power of the to weaken the conviction and to slack- conquering Christ, there will be no en the step of the messengers. There lack of enthusiasm in money or life. has been a growing religious toleration throughout the church at large, AUSTEN KENNEDY DE BLOIS, D.D., and this is well. There has been an appreciation of the good in other re- President, Eastern Baptist Theologligions, and this, too, is well. On the ical Semina,y, Philadelphia. other hand there have been reiterated and insistent attacks upon the Chris- 1. The missionary enterprise was tian position. It is not Foreign Mis- once regarded as predominantly evansions that are under fire; it is the gelistic. The heathen wcore utterly whole Christian position. The ques- lost without Christ; they must be tion is being asked of Christians as rescued. A passionate faith in evanit was asked of old: "Where is now gelical truth and in the necessity for thy God?" There has been a lowering its instant promulgation lay at the of the sense of values growing out of heart of things. Recently so much a vulgar use of wealth, and a more has been said about social and educaflagrant display of things that are tional work that the flaming message material. We are facing, too, the of the evangel has been obscured. The powerlessness of merely altruistic good should be made subordinate to the bEst. The grand appeal has been

weakened. This criticism is based on part of the churches, if adequate mis- numberless talks with lay members of sionary enterprises are to receive the the churches. While profoundly con- inner quickening of the Spirit for scious of the great need and value of triumphant world-wide evangelization, educational and other agencies on that I find it difficult to put into a few mission fields I am sure that somehow sentences my conception of the reasons we have lost our sense of values. for the present-day apathy-I might almost say apostasy. 2. Substituting budgets and systems for the ancient reliance on powerful RALPH W. SOCKMAN, D.D., spiritual pleas and the exercise of the privilege of voluntary giving to spe- Pastor Madison Avenue Methodist cific objects has had its inevitable Episcopal Church, New York. effect. People do not make wills in favor of budgets. They do not give In answer to question one regard- enthusiastically to general beneficence. ing causes, I would mention: Direct and personal factors have been retired to make room for efficiency 1. A reaction from the burst of projects. The clang of the wheels idealism which followed immediately drowns the voice of the Spirit. The after the World War. The high ex- collapse of the New World Movement, pectations of world peace and the in- specializing in "Big Business" meth- tense interest in its promotion suffered ods, with the payment of millions of greatly after the collapse of cGrtain dollars for the debts of that organiza- programs. tion, should have warned us. Today multitudes of people who have lost 2. The growing feeling that races faith in the regular missionary and nations should have self-determi- agencies are giving to independent and nation in religion as in political and undenominational societies. social administration. Many argu- ments are heard to the effe~t that 3. An era of prosperity is seldom these races should be allowed to work a period 01 enlarged giving. It carries out their own salvation. many and subtle temptations. In this mechanistic age, serving wealth and 3. The belief that new churches pleasure, the churches naturally turn should be given the test of standing to such self-pleasing ideals as the on their own feet and thus proving building of handsome and comfortable whether our previous missionary work houses of worship rather than to the has been of value. salvation of lost souls, whether in our American cities or ten thousand miles 4. The lack of interest in extending away. denominational distinctions to foreign lands. This represents a rather un- The conditions suggest the remedy. thinking attitude on the part of those A reawakened faith in the central cer- who have not informed themselves on titudes of the Gospel, fervent prayer the modern manner of missionary pro- for the millions abroad and at home motion. whose only hope lies in Christ, and a rededication of preachers and people 5. The enervating effect of many to the supreme task of world evan- world travellers who bring back gengelization, is the only cure. All other eralizations of missionary failure panaceas are second-rate and super- based on very partial observations. ficial. There is absolutely no other way to victory. We must return to 6. The competition of concrete and the Cross. pressing philanthropic and religious I feel so keenly and intensely the enterprises at home. supreme need for a return to the simplicities and spiritualities of the In answer to question two regarding pure Gospel of Jesus Christ on the remedies, I am even more loath to answer than in question one, but I would suggest: 1. A re-emphasis of the missionary motive as inherent in the Christian re- ligion.

WHY HAVE MISSIONARY CONTRIBUTIONS DECLINED?

2. A revived campaign of mission- Our experience has shown that the ary information. Board, in its enthusiasm for expand- ing its work, must not permit itself 3. A re-interpretation of the mis- to make financial commitments far in sionary imperative, which is the need advance of communicating that enof the world for Christ. This requires thusiasm to the rank and file of the concerted thought by our best thinkers Church. The congregations respond and not mere sporadic interpretations, where the pastor has a missionary for I am convinced that some appeals spirit. The theological seminaries for missions do more harm than good. should be recruiting grounds, not merely for future missionaries, but 4. Allocation of concrete projects to for future missionary supporters. individual American parishes. The success of building programs in the CHARLES E. JEFFERSON, D.D., homeland suggests that cQncreteness is one way of arousing a response. Pa.~tor Broadway Tabernacle, New York. AUGUSTUS STEIMLE, D.D., Gifts are declining for Foreign Mis- Pastor of The Evangelical Lutheran sionary work because of: Church of the Advent, New York. 1. The jolt given to our self-confi- In response to your inquiry, I dence by the World War. It has been would say that the income of the revealed to us that Christendom is in United Lutheran Church for our For- a deplorable predicament. Weare not eign Missionary enterprise has shown so sure as we were that Christianity a substantial increase since 1921, al- is the one and only and final and allthough not commensurate with the sufficient religion. Let Hindus remain necessity for expansion for which our Hindus, and Moslems remain Mosmissionaries urgently plead. The in- lems, and Buddhists remain Buddhists come of our Board is derived from -that is the feeling of multitudes. three sources-a fixed percentage of the apportionment which is asked for 2. The policy of our great missionall the boards of the Church, the ary organizations has permitted in Women's Missionary Society, and spe- many fields the work of cleansing cial gifts. human hearts by planting in them the ideals of Jesus, to become subordinate The regular income from the to the work of teaching Western sci- Church apportionment showed the ence and history. gratifying increase of over 43 per cent from 1921 to 1928, the latest year 3. The development of the social for which the figures are at hand. activities of the Church at home, call- The income from all sources in the ing for a vast expenditure for parish same period shows an increase of 20 houses and varied' equipment and per cent. A recession in the amounts staffs of salaried workers. The home received in two of the years, due in budgets have expanded enormously. part to the fluctuation in the special gift column, apparently did not per- 4. The rise in the price of living. manently retard the general upward Social standards have gone up. Church trend. In 1928, the specials were 20 members to hold their place in the per cent less than in 1921, although social scale feel that they must spend the total received in 1928 was 20 per most of their income on living excent larger than in 1921. penses.

The debt of our Board is due chief- 5. The forbidding by non-Christian ly to the burden assumed in taking governments of the teaching of the over former German Missions in India Christian religion in our mission and China. An appeal for its liquida- schools. The idea that you can teach tion is now in process. Christianity without mentioning God's love in Christ does not appeal to the average American Christian.

In answer to your query, "What pecple in general, though the process remedy do you suggest?" let me men- seems slow. Moreover, while "mistion three: sions" and "missionaries" are old words, the things and persons for 1. The striking of a higher spir- which they stand in the world of toitual note both at home and abroad. day are, in many cases, as truly mod- The sacrificial spirit is decadent in ern as the newest and best hospital in America. The evangelistic note is ab- America or the most capable of all our sent from many of our missionary teachers and social workers. Slowly stations. but surely this fact is being made known. Where missions and mission- 2. The rapid unification of the work aries are not effectively meeting a vital in all our foreign fields. human need their work may deservedly suffer. But whe"e they are doing so, 3. The concentration of our efforts as many are, they will, I believe, on limited areas of foreign popula- eventually receive ample support. tions. We are spreading over too much More and more people in our churches ground. If we did less we should ac- are learning to think in terms of a complish more. world community. They will give generously to meet its needs every- ARTHUR H. BRADFORD, D.D., where if only they can have facts which will compel their interest and Pas tOT C e n t r a 1 Congregational their confidence. Church. Providence, R. I. FRANK A. HORNE, The people of our churches can always be trusted to give generously to President Merchants' Refrigerating causes which command their interest Company and Member of Simpson and confidence. If, during the past Methodist Episcopal Church, decade, they have given more liberally BrookLyn, N. Y. to their home churches than to denominational missionary societies this I believe the reasons for the decline has been due to a growth of interest in gifts for missionary work are: and confidence in the former, and a corresponding loss of interest and con- 1. The decline of missionary confidence in the latter. The loss of in- tributions since 1921 is emphasized terest and confidence in denominational by the fact that we are comparing missionary societies, where Experi- present income with the results of enced, has been due to many things, special efforts made in the various such as (1) The more compelling ap- communions, such as the Centenary peal of near-by causes like the Commu- Movement in the Methodist Church, nity Fund; (2) A rather widespread the New Era Movement in the Presdissatisfaction with the supposed ri- byterian Church, and other similar valry among denominational agencies; campaigns. The falling off is natural (3) A somewhat vague wonder as to when the special campaign methods whether "missions" and "mission- are withdrawn for promotion activiaries" really have a place in this mod- ties of the various boards. ern world. 2. During the period of a special Remedies are already being applied campaign many home base projects with some success. Where churches were neglected or postponed, and in have their own missionaries and mis- the subsequent period these entersionary projects, it is possible for peo- prises have been receiving a large inple to have as much interest and crease of funds. confidence in them as in their own ministers and their own local work. De- 3. The effect on the average person nominations are getting together, co- of the disturbances in the Orient, paroperating and uniting. This fact is ticularly the conditions in China, has bound to get into the consciousness of been misunderstanding and indiffer-

WHY HAVE MISSIONARY CONTRIBUTIONS DECLINED?

ence, and a divergence of funds to were authorized from year to year by other benevolent purposes. the National Council, inquiry was made of the various dioceses as to the 4. The general trend has been to- amounts they expected to raise, and ward a material expression of pros- upon the replies from the dioceses perity, which has resulted in the stating their expectations, final apdevelopment of building and equip- propriations were voted by the Nament at the home base where the prod- tional Council. The result called for a uct can be visualized to donors. cut of about five per cent in the budget approved by General Convention. This 5. The apparent decline in the spir- cut occurred subsequent to 1926. itual life and interpretation due to the secularizing atmosphere of the pres- At the end of last year, a serious ent time has had the effect of dimin- situation had arisen due to anxiety ishing interest in the spirit work of about collections for the year. In the missionary enterprise. many places a strong effort was made through the effective cooperation of a The remedy is: number of individuals and in this city it received reinforcement from a group 1. A reemphasis of spiritual values of women who from six in the mornand the utilization of the anniversary ing until six in the evening sustained of Pentecost in the reawakening of a Day of Prayer. The heart of the the Church at large. Church was touched and its vision re- kindled, with the result that the collec- 2. A new missionary program of tions for 1929, as compared with the education which shal! convey to the pledges, were the best on record, and whole Church the present facts in the prospects for 1930 are even better. missionary undertaking, and make available to the average Christian, FRANKLIN WARNER, such facts as were set forth at the Jerusalem Conference. President of the Warner Chemical Company, Member of the First 3. A realization on the part of the Congregational Church, White churches that a new day in missions Plains, New York, and Associate has arrived; that the missionary en- Moderator of the Congregational terprise must include the social as Churches of the Un'ited States. well as the individual Gospel; and that the disturbances in the Orient and The reason why the benevolent givelsewhere are really the fruits of ing of the Congregational people has Christianity and an indication that failed to keep pace with the requirethe leaven has been working in the ments of our home and foreign missocial, racial and international field. sionary work lies in our system. When we organized the apportionment plan SAMUEL THORNE, and alloted the needs of our societies to each church in the denomination, Lawyer and member of All Saints we began to appeal to our people in Chu1"ch, Harrison, N. Y. the mass and have failed to make an appeal that was strong enough to I can only speak from what I know reach every member in our churches. about contributions in the Protestant In other words, our missionary pro- Episcopal Church. In our missionary motional program faikd to reach the work we have not experienced any seri- people. In our denomination an addious decline. As it happened, the high tional five cents a week per member point in annual contributions was at- would give us more money than could tain€d in the year 1926. At the Gen- be used by our societies without ineral Convention of the Church held in creasing our missionary staff. So near New Orleans in 1925, there was adopted what is known as the "Pay as you ar! we to our gml, go" plan. The method was as follows: General Convention of that year adopted a budget of $4,224,670, but t>l;!fQr~ the appropriations in q~t~il

Our benevolent receipts are divided Fleming's phrase from the January between the state work and the de- MISSIONARY REVIEW. The work we nominational societies in a growing have already undertaken and for which percentage in favor of the state work. we feel responsible demands larger Many of our states have increased resources in workers and contributheir budgets in an attempt to do ef- tions than we can expect to receive ficiently the work that they are facing until a more vital faith produces a within their own borders. The states, "more heroic practice of the Gospel." which mean the churches, which mean We are living too comfortably, and the people, do not realize that as the the physical enjoyment of material states take for state work more of the things dims our vision and shuts us benevolent money, it naturally must in upon ourselves. leave less money to carryon the denominational missionary work, and so To increase our spiritual income we far they have been willing to let the must make a larger investment in the missionary societies run into debt, things of the Spirit. This means prieven on reduced budgets, and sacrifice marily taking time to realize the presefficiency on the mission field. When ence of Christ in the world today and our missionary societies were allowed being ready at any cost to follow where to make direct appeals to churches and He leads. individuals tljey got the money. Until there is complete cooperation be- A second reason of significance is tween the state organizations and the the increasing mechanization of our denominational societies in the pro- organization and a resulting loss in gram of the entire work of the denom- the direct connection between the givination, it cannot be carried on with er in the local church and the work fairness to all. which his gift makes possible. Too many are asked to give to a "budget" The denomination has just adopted or an "apportionment." There is dana new plan for trying to raise enough ger of putting the stress on the "get" money for all its departments. The side of the budget. plan includes the personal appeal to individuals, which is similar to the The remedy here is to put a "bud" old method, and with the conscientious in the budget by making more vivid work of the different secretaries and the personalities and institutions others working through the state of- through which we are carrying on our fices and individual churches, there is adventure in world friendship. every hope that sufficient money will be raised this year to continue the en- MRS. DEWITT KNOX, tire work of the whole field without sacrifice. There is more money than President Woman's Board of Forever in our churches. eign Mi8sions of the Reformed Church in America. A little less system and a little more of the human in the appeal and suc- Reasons for decline in gifts are: cess is ahead. 1. Decline in belief- MISS HELEN B. CALDER, a. In the Bible as the Word of God. b. In the Christ of the Gospels, the Candidate Secretary, American divine, ever living, ever present Sav- Board of Commissioners for For- iour of the World. eign Missions. c. In the presence and power of the Holy Spirit. Among many reasons which might d. In the heinousness of sin and be mentioned, I would put first the the need of redemption. fact that our mission boards are attempting to "live beyond their spirit- 2. Not enough preaching about ual income," to quote Professor D. J. foreign missions as the direct com- mand of Christ.

3. Too much emphasis laid upon

WHY HAVE MISSIONARY CONTRIBUTIONS DECLINED?

every form of social service and so out soon after the conclusion of the called humanism. World War. Much of this was neces- sary because such work had been sus- 4. Lack of vision of the world's real pended over nearly a decade. Much need of Christ. Indifference toward was due to a new appreciation of the responsibility of every Christian to fundamental position of religious edushare Christ. cation in the life of the present and particularly of the future church man- 5. Failure to "lift up Christ" as we ifested in the building of church should-His face has been blurred by houses planned in a scientific manner. our lives-His true beauty has not Frequently this was commendable, but been made manifest. at times there was denominational ri- valry, or such buildings were erected 6. Responsibility for the work as a without first finding out whether the whole has not been sufficiently shared church or the community really needed and church mergers have a tendency such elaborate plants not only for reto lessen loyalty and responsibility in ligious education but for social servthe individual member. ice. Heavy mortgages and the large upkeep costs caused an annual increase 7. Newspaper articles giving wrong in the home side of the budget, freimpression of the attitude of Chinese, quently met by actual reduction of the Indian and Japanese Christians to- gifts to missions. wards our missionaries, throwing doubt upon their usefulness and wel- The unified budget adopted by many come is universal. denominations removed personal re- sponsibility and knowledge of the 8. Multiplicity of appeals. work and verified the prophecy that giving to a "budget" and not to a The remedy: "cause" cannot bring the gifts that 1. Voltaire prophesied that before are needed. the end of the fifteenth century, the work of the twelve fishermen would The remedy: be over and done with. Just then prayer for an outpouring of the Holy A renewed study of the Book of Spirit over the whole earth by a small Acts to learn and follow the principles company of Christians started a great of the early Church. revival. One hundred years after Voltaire died, the house in which he An understanding of the denomiwrote those words was used as a de- national responsibility interpreted in pot for the British and Foreign Mis- terms of missionaries and types of sionary Bible Society. work. 2. The prayer of the Chinese leader -"Revive Thy Church, 0 Lord, be- A study of the findings of the Jeginning with me." rusalem Council and their implications 3. "Not by might nor by power but for each individual. by my Spirit," saith the Lord of hosts. A presentation of the new methods MISS MARGARET E. HODGE, of foreign missions while keeping cen- tral the old but ever-new fact of the Vice President of the Board of For- love of God shown through Jesus eign Missions of the Presbyterian Christ. Church. Renewc-d emphasis on Christian Gifts that are secured by unusual stewardship. pressure are apt to be only temporary, so it was not surprising that there More dependence upon prayer. was a decrease in 1922 from the peak of 1921. A more serious matter is the MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD, steady decrease over so long a period as Dr. Fahs covers in his survey. President of the Council of Women for Home Missions. Doubtless one reason for this was an "epidemic of building" which broke Expenditures for church edifices and education may temporarily lessen

missionary giving, but should result Drder that the young men who go out in ultimately increased offerings. Re- to shepherd the churches may have ligious organization is becoming more world vision and missionary passion.

and more complex. Interdenomina- 3. Recognize the supreme impor- tional cooperative bodies require funds tance of training the youth of the for their maintenance; though it is churches. Plan the missionary edu- fair to say that this work is fostered cation program for children and young principally by the gifts of those whose people so 'is always to combine study missionary interest is actively and in- ar,d service, in order that through per- telligently exercised and probably rep- sonal experience in working out defi- resents an increase and not a decline nite projects the permanence of in missionary glVlllg. The unprece- missionary interest may be assured dented sums poured out on education- for the church of to-morrow.

al institutions in America are for the most part not invested in distinctively MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON, Christian institutions, and have not President of Federation of Woman's been taken from the amounts normal- Boards of Foreign Missions of ly available for Christian missions. North America. Nothing will be gained by disparagement of one part of the Christian en- Reasons, as I see them, for the deterprises at .the expense of another. cline in gifts for missionary work are; The principal reason for diminished 1. The undermining of confidence giving to missionary work is self-cen- in boards, due, first, to false accusatered, superficial living, expressed in tions concerning the administration the multiplication of luxuries which of boards; secDnd, to unwise adminhave come to be considered necessities. istration on the part of boards, espe- Time, energy and income have been cially in finance. No board or group preempted by things which minister . of boards lives to itself; neither does to individual pleasure. This attitude it die to itself. Whatever materially is encouraged by the distractions of affects several, ordinarily affects all. a "mechanical age." The radio, which 2. Distinct errors of judgment in has displaced the piano- in the home, mapping out the programs for some produces music without reqUlrlllg of the large missionary movements of study, information without effort to several years ago. Much as we dislike obtain it, and impression without com- to refer to past mistakes, their depelling expression. The habit of re- posit is inescapable. ceiving everything that some one else 3. Inefficient or false teaching conhas to give, without making the slight- cerning the place of Christ as Saviour est return, deadens the sense of obli- and Redeemer, as found in Sundaygation anc( personal responsibility. school and other church literature and Who is sufficient to stem these ad- in denominational schools. The full verse currents, so swift and strong, of harvest Df this sowing has not yet been reaped. our modern life?

The question suggests the answer. Remedies, as I see them, are: "Our sufficiency is of God." Summon 1. Pay God's pric'e of self-sacrifice to a world-wide fellowship of inter- in exchange for the spiritual fiame cessory prayer and rededicatiDn all which the Holy Spirit alone can give; whD realize the world's need of Christ without this we are shorn of power.

and the church's need of renewed sen- The Christ is our only sufficient mis- sibility. sionary apologetic. The Christ is our 2. Intensify the emphasis in every only sufficient appeal for enlistment theological seminary, thrDugh special of those who can do this delicately study Df missiDns under carefully se- spiritual work. The Christ is the lected teachers, of the essentially mis- only pass-word to the heart of the sionary character of Christianity, in world and the human world is hungry

WHY HAVE MISSIONARY CONTRIBUTIONS DECLINED?

for Him. Those who do not believe As for the remedy, I have the feel- this should have a sufficient sense of ing that the quicker we launch a posi- honor to withdraw from the Church tive, constructive, nation-wide appeal of Christ and to form their own or- in all denominations for an advance ganization built around their own be- in Foreign Missions, the better it will liefs. be for all of us. Such appeals for 2. A careful control of the expense advance should clearly take into ac- of administration which will justify count the changed situation which itself in the mind of the Church. Foreign Missions are facing in this 3. A proper placing of responsibil- mOdern world, and register our con- ity on the local church authorities to viction that we have made or are will- the end that they may carry their full ing to make any adaptations to meet share of the work connected with pro- these modern conditions. Further- ducing the funds. more, the appeals should be accom- 4. Simplify board organization to panied by definite, concrete sugges- the point of efficiency for its appointed tions as to the reasons why we not task. only ought to continue our mission- 5. More careful administrative pro- ary giving but to increase it on a reacedure on the field, i. e. combinations sonable scale. I am not proposing that of some pieces of work and elimina- we launch any sort of surveys as we tion of all uuproductive work. There did in the days of the New Era, Cenare many world travelers these days tenary, or Interchurch Movements, who are studying the work there as based upon estimates of money needed. I would not let any figures occur in well as here. these appeals. I would have them tr> 6. Transfer of more authority to be the reasons why we feel Foreign those at work in the field. Missions should go forward, such rea- sons being illustrated by concrete ex- 7. Keep absolute faith with all don- amples. ors to special projects.

8. Honest-to-goodness local denomi- national or interdenominational school I believe that you have raised a very of missions for men and boys as well fundamental question in this critical as for women and girls. day, in which practically all denomina- 9. There are attractive methods, we tional Boards find themselves.

believe, whereby the funds may be kept up for a time in spite of the FRANK A. SMITH, D.D., present falling contributions. Our nec- Secretary of The American Baptist essary limitations in this article make Home Mission Society.

an adequate outline of the suggestions The fundamental cause for the deimpossible; this will be given in the cline in missionary giving is the new paganism. The loss by many of the Methods Department of a subsequent issue of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW.

RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER, D.D., sense of supremacy of spiritual valUES the variety of material accessories t~ Secretary, Board of Foreign Mis- daily living, the increase of comforts sions, Methodist Episcopal Church. to the middle class and of luxuries to the wealthy, and the spirit of emula- My own observation is that we have tion among the less fortunate have all done quite enough of attempts to an- produced a pagan attitude toward life. alyze the reasons for the decline in Added to this is the challenge to Misgifts for Foreign Missions. Any sions manifested in the swift changes further attempt to set forward these in the Orient and the West and dureasons would only serve to give ad- plication of effort at home ~hich has ditional publicity to certain situations created a feeling that givers "get their out of which we need to pull ourselves money's worth" more in education and very quickly. philanthropy than in Missions. The

call for cooper&tion in missionary home and abroad, will all help to create work has had a tendency to weaken· the missionary conviction that must loyalty to denominational boards. precede missionary g i v i n g. The Church and the missionary enterprise Another reason is an increase in the need a rebirth of missionary passion. current expenses of the local church. In one State, the churches of a certain Finally, over against the criticism denomination over a period of ten of the missionary enterprise as someyears increased their giving to the thing obsolete and outgrown is a relocal church one hundred per cent .and discovery of the eternal value of Misto Missions ten per cent. In another sions. The supreme need of the State, giving to the local churches in- world is the Gospel, for economics cancreased one hundred per cent and mis- not furnish what the Gospel assures. sionary giving remainEd stationary. BREWER EDDY, D.D., Another factor has been the increase in the number of independent mission- Home Department Secretary 0/ the ary organizations that duplicate the work of church boards or that appeal American Board of Commissionto special types of thinking. Some of ers jor Foreign Missions. these great philanthropies make an appeal to church constituencies with 1. The reasons for the decline: a frequency. and freedom not possible Many denominations report large into denominational representatives. creases in church expenses under local budgets, added to the heaviest building And finally, missionary administra- program ever achieved by the Amertion has failed to humanize the work ican churches. It may be chancelitis and concrete the need of the fields in or the rapid expansion of parish terms of projects that appeal to the houses and recreation facilities. At average giver. A general fund can any rate, the closest competition for never kindle emotion, and whether missionary gifts will always exist bemission boards prefer it or not, con- tween the needs of the local church tributions to Missions are more read- and the money that can be "spared" ily gathered by an appeal to the heart for the gift to Missions. The attitude than by calls to be loyal to a system. of the average Board of Trustees re- sponsible for the local budget is In seeking a remedy, the first step familiar. is the recovery of the place of the Holy Spirit in the attitude of the local In addition, the immense increase church and missionary givers toward in local charities for new buildings, the enterprise. The Gospel cannot be mergers, community chests,. often stated in terms of an audit but in backed by professional drives, have terms of sacrifice and consecration. diverted the proportion of stewardship gifts available for Missions. It is also clear that missionary budgets need to be concreted and pre- These two reasons in my opinion sented in terms of projects. This will far outrank any decreased interest give a closer contact between the mis- due to 100% Americanism or a growsionary on the mission field and the ing sense of racial hostility, or the unlocal church. Visits of board members fair reports of world travelers and and Christian tourists to the fields and journalists. In our denomination the personal correspondence weave per- interested minority are giving as sonal ties that bridge the chasms of loyally as ever in increasing amounts. distance and the arid stretches of de- The majority in our churches, half nominational machinery. The churches indifferent, find their missionary gifts are greatly in need of wider mission- crowded out. In addition, a half dozen ary education. Information that wiII denominations have not yet proved refute hostile and partial statements, successful in merging all appeals into visualization of the need of the world a somewhat more mechanical perand the real triumphs of the Gospel at centage plan, which loses a large de-

WHY HAVE MISSIONARY CONTRIBUTIONS DECLINED1

gree of personal knowledge and inter- denominations during the past few est in the particular work ahead. In years is particularly attributable, in such merger the foreign work will my judgment, to the following con- always be forced into closer competi- siderations: tion with tbe home needs backed by 1. There has been a distinct weak- patriotic and local loyalty, and will ening of the missionary passion, that tend to lese out in the long run. is, a weakening in really vital inter- 2. The remedy: In our denomina- est in preaching the Gospel and pro- tion in the next few months we are moting Christian work in non-Chris- trying a very definite remedy. We tian lands. This lessening of interest cannot expect the needed increased in- may be due to over-concern for other come through the collection envelopes phases of church work or to the fact of the churches on the percentage that upheavals in mission lands, such basis. Now we turn to the individual as China, have created a lack of con- givers who are most interested. We fidence in the missionary enterprise are seeking 5,000 interviews in the for the time being, or to the growth hope of getting 4,000 gifts large and of materialism and secular thinking small, on the plea that only the inter- in a large se~tion of the Church.

ested and devoted few will maKe added Whatever its cause, it can hardly be gifts now. If we succeed in part, it denied that the missionary passion will develop a' vital argument to pas- which produced the missionary enter- tors and to churches to lift their ad- prise and was responsible for the ditional shares next fall. founding of the Student Volunteer In each State, the plan will depend Movement and the Laymen's Mission- upon the State Board and superin- ary Movement is not a predominating tendent, and the gifts will be sought characteristic in the modern Church.

on the percentage basis, so that all in- 2. At the very time when it has terests share. Beyond this plan is the been found more necessary than ever permanent need of interesting each to keep alive this missionary passion church more definitely in a commit- in the Church, we have been subment of its own in foreign fields. The merged by technical or mechanical Project, or Assignment Plan, will help. budget schemes which, however good We may take up the regional educa- in themselves, have in many cases pretional plan by which foreign and home vented our congregations from acinterests will once mOTe cultivate a tually learning about the work on the particular section or state, giving a mission field. It has been more diffigreater chance to the particular mes- cult than ever for mission boards to sage of each type of work. , present their facts to the home Of course at bottom, it is all a ques- churches. tion of raising the spiritual devotion Th€se two reasons, with all of their of our churches. Missions thrive in spiritual earnestness-it dies in com- ramifications, account for most of our fortable indifference. It thrives in trouble. The way out is along the obedience-it perishes in the atmos- two lines indicated, namely, a spiritual phere of modern humanism or of revival in the home church, bringing selfishness. Contact with Christ spells out the need of the world for Jesus missionary loyalty. Christ, His power to meet the needs of men; and, secondly, a revitalizing WILLIAM P. SCHELL, D.D., of the budget system and a spiritualiz- ing of our methods cf promotion. The Home Base Secretary of the Board Church must be compelled to lift up of Foreign Missions of the Pres- her eyes to the fields white unto the byterian Church in the U. S. A. harvest and be led to respond sacri- The widespread decline in gifts to ficially to the need of the world as Missions among practically all of our revealed in that vision.

2

NEW AND THE OLD IN

NEAR EAST Sights and Scenes in Italy, Greece and Egypt BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON TRAVEL LETTER No. 2 T RAVELERS visit the Medi- Others visit the East on business terranean lands for various bent-to introduce new inventions and sundry purpcses. Some like electricity and the cinema to are merely seeking new thrills people to whom they seem more awakened by strange manners, wonderful than the magic of the customs, and surroundings. Such genii; or to sell machine made are fascinated at the sight of Ro- products, like clothing and hard- man soldiers in military capes and ware, to those who have wrought long black feathers, Greek guards all things laboriously by hand.

in short skirts, or Egyptian house But there is another class of vis- servants in long white gowns, tar- itors from the West that are on a boush and red sashes. different mission. They enjoy the Others are on an extensive shop- strange scenes and peculiar cus- ping expedition and spend most of toms; they study the antiquities their time in the bazaars, purchas- and the economic and social prob- ing leather in Algiers, lace in Nice, lems of each country, but behind coral and tortoise shell in Naples, the bizarre exterior of the shops of mosaics and striped silk scarfs Italy and Greece and the primitive in Rome, miniature statuary in life in the Moslem quarters of Al- Greece, or Sudanese tapestry and giers or Cairo, they see the signs brasses in Egypt. of stunted lives and unfulfilled pos- Still others are seeking new sibilities-the ignorance, the dis- forms of entertainments such as ease, the poverty, the toil and sor- are found in the Casino at Monte row, the sin that mars the life of Carlo, the wine rooms of Italy, the adults and deprives children of theaters of France or the unsavory their rightful heritage. There are and morally pestilential exhibitions sounds, like the muezzin call to in the "Fish Market" of Cairo. prayers, the wailing of women in Over many travelers the word time of mourning or the sing-song antiquity casts a magic spell. They of laborers at their toil, that fasci- stand in awe before ruins five thou- nate the uninitiated but have a sand years old. They try to imag- deeper meaning to those whose ine the scenes that transpired in ears are atune to the cry of human the Roman Forum when Cresar need; there are sights, like the ruled the world; the life in Greece veiled women of Egypt, always during the Golden Age of Pericles; dressed in black and riding on the laying of the foundations of springless donkey carts, the child Christianity when Jesus walked in rug makers of Algiers, or the Judea and Galilee; or the civiliza- babies carried on the shoulders of tion of Egypt in the days of Tut- their ten-year-old sisters, that ankhamen, Amenhotep and Ram- make picturesque photographs but eses the Great. many of which spell sorrow and 258 shame to those who can read the a day," much of this former-and signs. possibly future-mistress of the Monte Carlo, in the kingdom of world can be seen in a day. Here Monaco, which comprises only we were again forcibly impressed eight square miles, is a combina- by the contrast between the old and tion of wealth and poverty, of the new, the dead and the living.

beauty and ashes. The site of the Premier Mussolini, "II Duce" as he town on the steep mountain side is is called, has wrought wonders in charmingly picturesque, with villas the land which was once the center and terraced gardens. Externally of civilization but which has the Casino is a palace, but within grown weak by living on past glory are enacted many tragedies. The -the backward rather than the itch to try one's luck at one of the forward look. The ancient monu- twenty gaming tables is experi- ments of the Empire are still there enced by most travelers, but the recalling the stories of the past- gaming fever wrecks countless the Forum, where centered the homes and destroys many lives. markets and law making of the At Nice, after a wonderful drive civilized world; the coliseum, over the upper Corniche road, with where bloody spectacles thrilled its view of the azure Mediter- and degraded the people and where ranean on one side and the snow Christians witnessed to their faith capped Alps on the other, we vis- with their lives; the magnificent ited the faithful Scotch Presby- palaces, with unnumbered marble terian pastor, Rev. George Lamb, statues, public and private baths who is struggling heroically to se- and ancient shrines that witness to cure $50,000 for a much needed the passing of the things for which church building to minister to the multitudes today spend their time large Protestant English-speaking and money; the walls and the community – including thousands aqueducts and roads on which of tourists. Rome depended so largely for Italy forcibly presents the con- safety.

trast between the ancient and the These are today only ruins, but modern. Vesuvius with its smok- a new Italy is arising whose des- ing crater has for ages stood as a tiny depends, not on physical im- warning of an imminent Day of provements and modern monu- Judgment. Pompeii, the ruined ments like the impressive War city that was overwhelmed in a Memorial, or on the well organized night in the midst of its life of and picturesque police and soldiers, gaiety and sin, reminded us of the but on the intellectual and moral last great eruption in 1906 when character of the people. Among we saw the crater vomiting fire, the improvements in Rome, intro- ashes and lava in a resistless mol- duced by "II Duce" and which ten stream that carried all before every visitor. notes, are the clean it, including many houses of stone streets and the absence of the for- and cement. The beautiful sea and merly omnipresent beggars. Every- blue sky seemed to promise only one seems to be busy and working.

peace and safety, but in the midst More bicycles are met in a day than of life there lies a resistless power in most American cities in a year.

for death. Outside the capital the well kept Though "Rome was not built in farms and vineyards form an at-

tractive picture. The Roman Cath- where the enemies of Greece have olic Church, with its long gowned wrought havoc amid her temples and tonsured friars and priests, is by ruthless warfare, friends are still the omnipresent religious in- seeking to build up abiding monufluence, and the Pope in his little ments in Christian character. Vatican City is on the watch to increase that influence. But there In a suburb of Athens, Paleon are other forces still more potent; Phaleron (n ear Pirreus), we they are like the living seeds landed in the rain on Sunday mornwhich, lodged in ancient masonry, ing and were met by Mr. Zikos, a grow until dead strongholds are bright student of the School of Redisrupted or are covered over with ligion, and were taken through life. streets unpaved but with fine mar- ble curbing-so plentiful is this The Waldensian Church is a stone-to visit the American traingrowing power. This evangelical ing school for Evangelical Chris- Christian body, which antedates tian workers. There are now 73 the Reformation, exerts a wide and students, including nine girls, all vital influence. Beside its great of whom are preparing to go out work all over Italy it has several as teachers or pastors and for fine churches in Rome, the most other forms of Christian work. beautiful of which is the gift of This school is under the American Mrs. John S. Kennedy of New Board of Commissioners for For- York. This is not a dead monu- eign Missions but is suffering for ment but a living witnesR to Christ lack of adequate support. The stuand the power of HiR Gospel. dents include Armenians, Greeks, The American Methodist Episcopal Bulgarians and Russians; they Mission is also a veritable beehive of activity with its many sided are too poor to pay for their tuiwork of education, publication and tion and board which amounts to evangelical witness. The Ameri- $120 a year. Among the faithful can Episcopal Church has a beau- instructors are Prof. Levonian, a tiful place of worship, ministered highly educated Armenian, Rev. J. to by the able and active rector, the Riggs Brewster, brought from Rev. Walter Lowrie-a Presbyterian by inheritance and training. Turkey for the purpose, and Rev. The American Baptists (Southern and Mrs. Rose, who were for some Convention) have long conduded years missionaries in India. Mrs. a work for the evangelization of Rose is the author of "Our Parish Italy, while the Scotch Presby· in India," "Red Blossoms," "Diana terians and others hold services for Drew," and other popular volumes. English-speaking residents and During the winter the students entravelers. These forces are seeking gage in missionary work in the to plant and build up life in the I a r g e refugee camps around midst of Rome and its ruins. Athens and in the summer months some of them go out to work among Greece is another land where the Moslems in Crete and in Macechief attraction for tourists is the donia. Acropolis and its ruins. Time cannot destroy their beauty or lessen The Armenian College for Girls their fascination for the artist, the also located in Paleon Phaleronhistorian and the philosopher. But was moved from Smyrna about seven years ago, after the Turkish massacres. It is also under the

THE NEW AND THE OLD IN THE NEAR EAST

American Board and enrolls 120 been gathered for the reconstruc- students, including preparatory tion of the Parthenon and other pupils. Their fine hopeful spirit is Greek temples but the work is ar- shown by the fact that, after the rested awaiting the settlement of terrible experiences in Smyrna, a dispute as to whether old or new the girls decided to name their stone or artificial stone shall be school paper "Sunny Days." The used. In the same way delay may College and School of Religion are be caused in the work of building both hoping to move in course of and restoring Christian character time–when the necessary funds in the lives of those damaged by are forthcoming-to a new location Turkish violence. The American overlooking Phaleron Bay, where College in Athens has wisely re- more adequate buildings can be frained from joining the Associa- erected on property already owned. tion of ether Near East Colleges Under the guidance of Dr. Mar- den, an American missionary phy- sician, a most interesting visit was paid to two Refugee Camps, one of which, Kokonia, contains some 75,000 Greek and Armenian refu- gees from Asia Minor. A new city has been built up with churches and schools, shops and offices. Fif- teen cinema theaters show the craving of the people for recrea- ]IISTRIBU'I'TNfJ f'HRI"TIAN LTl'tmATURE AIn'ER A VIr!LAGE )-IEE'l'I?G tion. The progress of the refugees from poverty to comfort, if not to affluence, is revealed by the pro- lest their positive Christian testi- gressive development in the homes mony be hindered and their Bible from small, one-roomed dwellings work be placed under Greek Ortho- made of mud, or odd pieces of dox control. Another constructive board loosely nailed together, to religious movement in Greece is well-built stone residences. The the Zwn (Zoe) or "Life" move- industrious refugees are eager to ment within the Orthodox Church.

improve their condition from year This has already been described in to year. In addition to the Roman the REVIEW, with its Gospel hymns, and Greek Catholic and Armenian evangelical literature and spiritual work for these people, the Protes- preaching. The influence is spread- tants have an excellent school, with ing but the movement is yet in its some 250 pupils, and a church with infancy. Some day the beauty of a social center and clubs for boys modern Greek character may sur- and girls. There is also a hastily pass in glory the perfection of an- constructed but well conducted hos- cient Greek art.

pital in charge of Dr. Marden and At Haifa, a brief call of half a two American lady physicians, Dr. day was not sufficient to do justice Parry. and Dr. Parmalee. These to the remarkable growth of the are bright spots in a dark picture. Jewish colony. Where ten years Thus the Christian forces are ago the bare hillside of Mt. Carmel seeking to build up what the Turks faced the bay, there now stands a have destroyed. Funds have even thriving Hebrew settlement of

50,000, with well-built houses, gar- Jews would enter the hall to be dens, clean streets, and excellent faced by such an accusation. But water supply. Classical Hebrew is the text stood as the word of God the language of homes, schools and and far from keeping Jews away, business. The Hebrew Technical it acts as a challenging testimony.

Institute, built by the gifts of W. The hall is crowded and at every Wissotsky of Moscow and Jacob preaching service the doors must Schiff of New York, has now 125 be closed to keep out those who students who are not educated free wish to enter when there is no but pay $90 for a year's tuition. more room. The work has spread It specializes on architecture and to other settlements in Palestine engineering but teaches other and offers great encouragement to branches also. those who, in the face of many dif- An unusual and effective Chris- ficulties, are seeking the salvation tian work for Jews, under the aus- of Israel.

There is a peculiar fascination about Egypt. It is perhaps the land where past and present stand out in deepest contrast. The land of the most ancient ciVilization, with its wonderful pyramids and the treasures of the "Tombs of the Kings," is alive with such modern WO:lIE"I ~'RAVELING IN CAlHO di'lcoveries as the telephone, the airplane, the talking cinema and plces of the British Jews Society, the wireless. But the ancient is conducted by Rev. and Mrs. S. Copts are no longer leaders in B. Rohold, formerly of Toronto, civilization for the new arts and Dr. Christie, formerly of Tiberius, inventions are imported rather and Dr. Churcher, who does excel- than native. Had it not been for lent service through a clinic and foreign scholars, the hieroglyphs dispensary. Mr. Rohold has had would still be undeciphered, the wide experience in Christian work pyramids and "Valley of Death" for his people, and Dr. Christie, would now be only piles of stone who has labored for over forty and barren wastes and the narrow years in Palestine and Syria, testi- Nile valley without the Assouan fies that this is the most remark- Dam could not support the popula- tion.

able and fruitful work for Jews in But after all, the most impres- the Near East. In the literature sive sights in Egypt are not those department tracts and Gospels are marking the dead, though interest- distributed in seventy-five lan- ing, past. Any people with a his- guages. When the Chapel was tory and a civilization of which we opened the text placed in large let- can proudly boast is a people dif- ters on the walls read: "Let all the ficult to reach with new and house of Israel know assuredly, strange ideas. Egypt is 90 per that God hath made that same cent Moslem and, though many Jesus, whom you crucified, both quarters in the cities that are still Lord and Christ" (Acts 2: 36). untouched by Christian influence, The objection was raised that no are haunts of poverty, ignorance,

disease and vice, the people do not meeting places. There is also a realize that the "Hand of Fatima" t heological seminary, with 21 stuis a dead hand and that their re- dents and a converted Moslem pasligion lacks life. One is impressed tor, Kamil Mansur, at its head; a anew with the pitiable plight of Girls' College with 370 students, a the little children in their bare high school for boys with 450 stufeet, with long shirts and sore dents, and one for girls with 270 eyes. The women veiled and un- enrolled. There are several other veiled have eyes in which pathos girls' schools, an orphanage weland pain have crowded out joy and fare center and literature work, inhope. Illiteracy, polygamy and the cluding a weekly church paper. burdens of life have made them creatures of a cruel fate and have The Church Missionary Society given them no sphere of service in Egypt is doing a very important outside their humbl~ homes and work for Moslems. Its Girls' wearisome toil. The "New Woman School, hospital for men and wom- Movement" is making headway in Egypt under the leadership of THE CHILD WEI, FARF. C LI NI C OF' ~'H E Madame Sha'rawi Pasha but it is a A~"ERICA N )USS I ON I N CA IHO slow movement like the leisurely tread of the camel. en, church and literature distribu- tion are exerting a wide and potent In the midst of death there is life influence. Among other evangeland in contrast to the glorious past ism agencies are the Egypt Genthere are also forces in Egypt eral Mission, the Nile Mission working for a more glorious fu- Press, the Nile Boat Mission, the ture. These forces are making British and American Bible Soslow progress but their advance is cieties, the World's Sunday-school sure for they have the germ of life. Association, of which Rev. Stephen Among these vital forces are the Trowbridge is Secretary and Evangelical Missions, some of Sheikh Metry Dewairy, Field Secwhich have been laboring in Egypt retary, the Holiness Movement and for seventy-five years. There is t he Y. W. C. A . and Y. M. C. A. the American Mission (United Presbyterian), which is this year The work of the Sunday-schools celebrating its diamond jubilee. It for the children, the young people is working in eleven districts and and the homes is particularly fashas an enrolled membership of cinating. On Sunday morning we 18,770 and as many more adher- wended our way through tortuous ents. Its college, hospital, church, streets to visit a few of the street and training school in Assiut is Sunday-schools in Cairo. These one of the most powerful influences are conducted by the Evangelical for good in Egypt. Prominent Church and are largely among men and women in all departments of life and service have had their training in Assiut, and patients who have been healed at the hospital have spread its praises far and wide. In Cairo alone the mission has nine organized congregations with pastors and six other

Moslems. Picking our way cau- after each session the teacher tiously through dirty, narrow picked up the mats and walked.

lanes, cluttered with merchandise, Thus all over Cairo the Word of and our passage disputed occasion- God is being taught week by week ally by an inquisitive looking by faithful workers. It was a con- camel, an obstreperous donkey, a trast to attend a large Church two-wheeled cart filled with veiled School in Faggala with an attend- women, or a man on a bicycle, we ance of some three hundred from sought one of these street Sunday- five years of age to fifty. This schools. A question here or there school was started as a small Bible brought no light until a child Class only twenty years ago. Now proudly pulled out a Sunday-school there is a self-supporting church of picture card given for attendance 250 members in which are counted and volunteered to act as guide. some prominent and influential Finally we were led into an old Egyptians. The pastor was giving building in the Moslem quarter. out rewards' for attendance and a Two small and dingy, but clean, Communion service was to follow.

rooms were used as health center One of the newer Christian to teach the principles of sanita- forces at work in Egypt is the tion and the care of babies. In American University, opened in another room we found a small 1920, of which the President is Dr.

class of about twenty children Charles R. Watson, an American from eight to fourteen years of born in Egypt of missionary par- age. Perched on the shoulders of ents. This university is endeavor- two or three little girls of primary ing by indirect methods to per- junior age was a little brother or meate Egypt with Christian truth sister. The teaching continued as and ideals. It has 450 students, of calmly as if all were adults. The whom over one-half are Moham- class was divided by a visible line medans. They come from all of clean and unclean-the former grades of society and many of those who had attended day school them plan to enter government at the mission, the latter those who service. Chapel exercises, with had not. Only one child was a the reading of the Scriptures, are Christian – the others Moslems. conducted every day, with church Of the uncleaned half only three on Sunday, attendance being a part had washed their faces that morn- of the required program. Bible ing. All treasured the little col- classes are included in the curricu- ored Bible lesson cards with an lum and most of the students pur- Arabic message on the back, and chase Bibles. The university also took these cards into Moslem includes an Extension Department homes where few rays of light en- which offers to the public lectures ter. on health, sanitation, child welfare, Another street Sunday-school social problems and similar topics.

was located with some difficulty. A The School of Oriental Studie'i Christian Endeavor lad was found offers education in Arabic and teaching a group of fifteen or six- Moslem customs and traditions, teen children who were seated on and the Department of Teacher straw mats in the narrow street. Training prepares students of They had no abiding place, but Egypt for better service.

THE NEW AND THE OLD IN THE NEAR EAST Z65

One of the most encouraging Sunday preceding the calls and features of the work in Egypt is there were daily prayer services found in the spirit of cooperation for workers at various centers. for the evangelization of the peo- The Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., ple. The Cl:Jristian Council for Christian Endeavor Societies, laythe Near East, under the direction men's and women's organizations, of Dr. Robert P. Wilder, is uniting and other agencies cooperated. the missionary forces through con- None were paid but all was done ferences and places for cooperation by volunteers. Armed with Scripand by emphasis on prayer and ture portions, tracts and Gospel spiritual power. pictures the workers went forth in the spirit of Christ visiting homes A recent united effort of mis- of rich and poor, to taximen and sionary forces and the Egyptian women in harems, restaurants, the Church was especially encourag- shops and markets, in hospitals ing. It was called the "Week of and schools. More than 300 work- Witness" (October 19-26, 1929), ers were enlisted, and they disand the plan might well be fol- posed of, by sales, over 14,000 lowed by Christian workers in all tracts and Scripture portions. lands. The ground and the workers were prepared by special meet- The blessing experienced in this ings for prayer and conference. Week of Witness was such that The city and eighteen suburbs plans are being made for a still were divided into districts which more extensive campaign during were assigned to various churches the coming year. The spirit of and religious agencies for a house prayer increased and Christian to house visitation. Sermons were workers of all ages and missions preached on the subject on the were drawn closely together.

A STIlE.NT SUXD.ty-»cnoOL IN CAIRO (DR. STBPIU;N TROWIlRIDnF. A:'."D SlTElli:ll ~m'J'ny DE'.HHY AT HIGHT)

"A MORAL MIRACLE"

BY SHERWOOD EDDY I WISH you could join us, or at the twelve millions in his native least look in upon us at this state as an irresponsible autocrat. Christmas season here at Dornakai, with myoid friend and fel- Now his son reigns in his stead. low-worker, Bishop Azariah. I As yet he has only four wives, acthink it would answer the question cording to Moslem law, and a hunof whether missions are doing any dred concubines. He has somegood. Just before me lies a plot what wider interests than his faof ground of fifteen acres which I ther, but governmental conditions personally bought here for $8.33, have not improved. He dismissed at the rate of fifty-five cents an all his efficient British officials, beacre, ten short years ago. It has came himself prime minister, and already risen fortyfold in value sold offices to the highest bidders. largely because of the work of the Sometimes an office was resold so bishop. It now holds a hospital, a that the insecure official had to boys' boarding school, a model make his money quickly by bribery poultry farm, etc. I could have before he was himself displaced. bought the land a decade ago at Subjects were expected to bring thirty cents an acre, but I refused presents, even school children their to bargain for it. It was almost pennies. And this in the poorest worthless then,- because the gJV- country in the world where the ernment of the corrupt ruler of usual wage in this state is twelve this native state was itself worth- dollars a year. less. Whatever crop the poor man raised was seized by officials and The condition of the untouchable police. One would demand a quar- outcastes in this native state was ter, another a third, another a half pathetic. They were ignorant of the remainder, and if he refused devil worshippers, but their worst he was pubJicly beaten in the curse was drink. On the native streets and his grain forcibly toddy they got drunk every night, taken. Within a month of the har- men, women and children, so that vest, robbed of his crop, he would it was not safe to enter their vilbe forced to borrow and mortgage lages in the evening. Drunkenness in advance the next year's harvest, led inevitably to immorality and to so that he was perpetually in debt a craving for beef-eating. Cattle and practically a serf. He had to lifting and cattle poisoning became pay interest of a hundred per cent resultant vices. compounded every eight months, and since his crop was seized by Now it is among just these peo- pIe that the young bishop has won his greatest triumphs. You see them today sober, industrious, the officials, he never escaped the honest, clothed and in their right slavery of debt. For this the gov- minds, gathered in devoutly worernment gave him practically no shipping congregations, with their roads, no schools, no justice in the children in school and producing courts. "His Exalted Highness," real Christian leadership. Consethe native ruler, had five hundred crated seventeen years ago, Bishop wives and concubines and governed Azariah already has in his diocese 266 166,000 Christians, a larger num- tional Missionary Society, to send ber than any bishop in India. Of their own Indian missionaries to these, three-fourths, or 125,000, the most backward parts of India. are in attendance at church every He, as the secretary of both so- Sunday morning, and far more re- cieties, was calling the youth of markable, nearly half, or 75,000, India to service .and the churches attend a teaching service for Bible to sacrifice. But finally he himself instruction every night in the year. felt called to give up everything, Would this be true of any other learn another language, and go as Christian community in the world? a mIssIOnary. He chose the most According to an Anglican bishop needy, the most degraded people just arrived from England, there he knew in all India to work among is no other diocese in India or England so well organized. Hlsnop AZATUAH -these drunken, thieving, devil How has the bishop done all worshippers of the Deccan. I said this? Let us go back a little in the goodbye to him, never expecting to story. Before me on the wall hangs see him again. He was falling into a picture of his own church in Tin- the ground to die. Heroic as it nevelly, South India. It stands on was, I thought he could surely exthe very spot where a former devil pect no great results in his own temple stood and where his own lifetime in such a field, the hardest ancestors worshipped. For they I knew in all India. were devil worshippers, belonging to the caste of tree climbers who When I next saw him, he was were counted outcastes by the being consecrated in the great cacourts and forbidden entrance into thedral at Calcutta as the first the temples to worship the gods of Anglican Indian bishop, in fact the the caste people of India. first Episcopal native bishop in all Asia. That was seventeen years Azariah's father gave up his ago. It was here I bought this fifpagan demon worship, became a Christian and a devout pastor. In that great stone church, two thousand Christians now worship weekly where the old devil temple once stood. Azariah was influenced chiefly by his mother and his teachers, especially in the Christian College, Madras. I first knew him thirty-three years ago as a young secretary of the Y. M. C. A. We became fellow-workers in English and Tamil among the students of India and among the churches in the South.

One night in Ceylon, he became convinced of the backwardness of his own Indian Church and returned to India to organize the Indian Missionary Society of Tinnevelly, and soon after the Na-

teen acres of land for $8.33. The also will be one." .Six days a week first year, Bishop Azariah let this he earns his living, and on the poor man farm the land for half seventh goes out to preach without the crop. When it was divided he money and without price. He has fell on his face in gratitude. It was won two whole congregations over the first time in all his life that he to Christianity, saved as he was had got half a crop, or anything himself from drunkenness and approaching it, that the grafting robbery. No man among these officials and police did not seize, 166,000 Christians is paid as a for now they dared not rob the professional catechist to preach. bishop or his followers. Only the pastors and teachers re- ceive a salary. All are expected For the modest budget of $7,000 to witness. a year, the Indian Missionary Society of Tinnevelly here supports When I asked the bishop what six Indian missionaries, 45 work- were the chief means for transers and 70 students who are being forming the character of the peotrained as future leaders. One ple, he said first the sacrament of reason for their success is that the changed life of each worker they have .so trusted the Indian who lives among them; second, leaders that they have not de- the teaching service conducted pended upon foreign missionaries. every evening to instruct the peo- There are now only eight foreign pIe; third, the sacraments of the men under this bishop in another Church, which speak in symbol part of the field. So rapidly has and with deep meaning to the the work grown that. as already adults who cannot read or write stated, there are now 166,000 con- and were so recently rescued from verts in the diocese. drunkenness and devil worship.

The secret of the success of this This year the bishop will reprework lies in the moral transforma- sent at the Lambeth Conference tion of the converts. They have the movement to unite the 300,000 given up drink, theft and immoral- Episcopalians and 200,000 memity. This has so impressed the bers of the Free Churches into one high caste people that already body in India in the great movethree thousand of them have be- ment for Christian unity. As I come Christians and a larger num- look at this fifteen acres of land ber have asked for baptism. It now transformed into an Indian would take a volume, or rather Tuskegee for manual training. and many volumes. tn recount the bought for about the same price as moral miracles that have taken Booker Washington's barren land place among these people. Here is in America; as I look at the trans- Thomas, who has told me how he formed life of the young bishop, was once a robber. He spent ten probably the strongest of all the years in prison (save the nights bishops in India today; and as I he was released by the police for see the moral miracle that has uprobbery on condition that he would lifted these once carrion-eating share the spoils with them) . drunkards, I think at this Christ- Thomas was won to Christ. He mas season that I can answer the said, "If Christ was a carpenter, I Question, "Are Foreign Missions doing any good?"

IN CHRISTIAN

BY THE REV. A. L. W ARNSHUIS, D.D.

Associate Sccrrtnry oj the IJltcrnatinnnl M i~ud(}J1ar1f Council T HE necessity for larger and rapidly increasing their budgets more effective cooperation by for education. But there are missionary boards in the de- scarcely any books to read. The velopment of Christian literature largest library in any African lanas a missionary agency is shown guage contains less than sixty by the failure thus far to produce books, and almost half of these are a Christian literature in any coun- catechisms and school books. This try in Asia, Africa, or Latin Amer- is in the Swahili language spoken ica that is at all adequate to the by ten millions of people. Two needs of the churches, or the op- other languages have each a total portunities for effective evangel- of forty books. Sixty languages ism among the peoples of an awak- average six books each. Fifty lan- ening civilization. This general guages have three books or less. statement ca'n be easily proven by There is no need for library build- looking at the facts in any country. ings in Africa, – a handkerchief In India, a few years ago, official will serve to wrap up all the books statistics showed that 300,000 peo- in a typical African language.

pIe are added annually to the lit- It is impossible to describe in a erate population. The percentage few words the need in such counof boys and girls in schools is ris- tries as China and Japan, where ing rapidly. In the Punjab, for there are "tides of new thought." example, the enrollment has been A Chinese writer in a magazine increasing 100,000 a year; in four article a few years ago said, years it grew from 150,000 to 540,- "Western writers like Tolstoi, 000. But statistics also show that Kropotkin, Lenin, Ibsen, Eucken, 39% of those who have learned to Einstein, Marx, Bergson, Wells, read relapse into illiteracy within Russell, Wilde, Elwood, Dewey, five years after leaving school, Kant, Darwin, Spencer, Huxley, largely because they have nothing James, Tagore, and many others suitable to read. If only a small have all been translated into Chifraction of the money that mis- nese." There is no corresponding sions annually invest in schools in list of books issued by the Chris- India were used for tbe production tian forces. A generation ago and circulation of books and peri- Christian writers in China were odicals, it would capitalize the writing books that could not be work done in the schools and make printed fast enough to meet the them many times more fruitful. demand and pirated editions were In Africa, the situation is worse. not uncommon, but the Christian Pupils are crowding into the publishers have lost their leaderschools and learning to read the ship except for a few tracts.

languages reduced to writing by In Cairo, as you sit in the electhe missionaries. The missions tric street car, you may hear the continue to enlarge their school boys calling the sale of an astoundbudgets and the .governments are ing number of daily papers, and 269

you will be told that a new book or and they ought to serve the largest pamphlet is published every day in possible number of readers and that city, the vast majority being should be supported by the united either direct products of European forces which they can serve. Co- thinking or science, or Islamic at- operation is both possible and nec- tempts to refute them. The Chris- essary.

tian presses in that city do well if This lack of cooperation will not they publish eight or ten new be overcome until the production tracts or books in a year. and use of Christian literature in To multiply these statements is the mlsslOnary work of the unnecessary. Nowhere are the churches is placed alongside of ed- Christian forces making any really ucation, and medical work, and serious effort to use the printed preaching, as one of the most ef- page. To examine our failure in fective methods of accomplishing detail by describing the lack of our missionary task. In Moslem books for children, or for women lands and in some other lands in this day of rapid and great where Christian teaching and change in the position of women preaching is increasingly hindered, everywhere, pr for young men and it should probably take precedence women or for preachers and teach- over schools and other institutions.

ers, or for any other class of read- No other agency can penetrate so ers, tends only to increase the deeply, abide so persistently, wit- dismay and chagrin we ought to ness so daringly, and influence so feel. We have failed to keep up irresistibly as the printed page.

with the advance of the peoples For the thorough, complete pres- among whom we strive to make entation of the Gospel message, a the Gospel known and accepted. worthy Christian literature must Missions have done such great be developed in every land.

things as to make an ABC for a Plans for cooperative literary hitherto unwritten language, and work are not lacking. In some of to prepare dictionaries, and to the fields, carefully planned sur- teach multitudes to read. Why do veys have been completed so that we fail to carry through? the existing literature is known Well, for one thing, these early and the most urgent needs have achievements are almost all due to been discovered. In some cases the initiative of individuals. To much desired books have been writ- produce and circulate books and ten and the manuscripts have been periodicals cooperation is neces- accepted for pUblication, but capi- sary; and effective cooperation tal funds have been lacking. In has been lacking. It has been done other places, able writers are in the translation and pUblication ready to begin the preparation of of the Bible. The churches have books that are part of a program cooperated in three or four great of advance adopted by all the Bible societies, and with notable Christian forces in a language success. But most of the books and area, but again the lack of funds tracts that are needed, probably compels the postponement of plans.

95 % of them, should be the com- In India, the National Christian mon possession of all the Christian Council has established what is forces. There seem to be only a called the "India Literature Fund."

limited number of good writers, The committee in charge under-

COOPERATION IN CHRISTIAN LITERATURE

takes no publishing of its own. It tional Institute of African Lan- studies the publishing programs guages and Cultures, under the of the various provincial and other expert direction of Dr. D. Wester- tract and literature societies, and mann and M. H. Labouret, is in- distributes to them such money as vestigating the problem of lan- it receives to supplement their own guages with a view to choosing the income and so aid them in carry- principal ones in which a litera- ing out their programs or in pub- ture should be developed. The plan lishing books that the cooperating is to provide for the preparation Christian agencies desire to have. of "basic texts," by the best writ- In this way, in one year, the aid ers. These will be in English, of this Fund resulted in the pro- French and Portuguese. They will duction of fifty new books, all of be specially prepared for and them urgently needed and ap- adapted to African life and needs.

proved by the Christian forces us- The translation of these texts into ing them. Seven or eight expert the vernacular will be done by lo- writers were aided in different lan- cal writers. It wiII be seen at once guage areas. On the basis of a that by such cooperation, the best thorough-going survey, the com- qualified writers can be obtained mittee in charge of the Fund has for the preparation of the basic outlined a trustworthy program of material, thus insuring that the advance calling for $20,000 an- quality of the books will be much nually for urgent needs and for an better than if each area had to do additional $10,000 to provide for all the original work for itself.

less immediate needs. In addition, The budget of the international the committee asks for a capital committee now amounts to $5,000, fund of $50,000 to aid the publish- which is provided cooperatively by ing societies in financing their the North American and European whole work. Half of these funds boards working in Africa. As the are expected from the European work develops, much larger funds churches. The North American will be called for both for the prep- churches expend annually in India aration of the "basic texts" and about $6,874,611. The amount also for the translation and publi- asked for from the American cation into the vernacular.

churches, $15,000 annually and For the Moslem Woild also, an $25,000 capital, is an exceedingly international committee has been small percentage of the total an- set up under the Near East Chris- nual expenditures; but, alas, it is tian Council. Its activities, how- not yet being given. ever, serve a much larger area, For Africa, far-reaching plans including India, China, and Malay- are developing. An international sia. The headquarters are in Cairo, comittee under the auspices of the where Miss Constance Padwick International Missionary Council serves as secretary. This commit- has been organized this year. A tee serves as a clearing house for full time secretary, Miss Margaret literary workers in all Moslem Wrong, has beg"un her work. A lands. Its budget is provided by complete bibliography of all exist- the missions cooperating in the ing books and tracts in all the Af- Near East Christian Council. But rican languages has been prepared. it is handicapped by the lack of The recently organized Interna- money for the production and use

of printed matter, which is one of education, and every phase of huthe most effective means of pre- man life are in progress, and where senting the Gospel to Moslems. the new practice of writing the vernacular both in ideographs and Japan is a field where the con- in simplified forms is making it ditions are peculiarly favorable to possible for multitudes to become the use of literature. The produc- literate, the failure to make effection of literature of a secular type tive use of the printing press in is far in advance of that of Chris- the service of the Christian movetian literature. The educated ment is evidence of the lack of classes make large use of imported financial support and of real statespublications, which amount an- manship in administration. nually to a value of over $1,250,- 000. But for those who read only This rapid review is incomplete. Japanese the supply of Christian Simply for lack of space, no menbooks and periodicals is very in- tion is made of Korea, or the Philadequate. The mISSIOns and ippines, or Siam, or Malaysia, or churches unite in support of the Latin America. Everywhere the Christian Literature Society, and story is much the same. Some in several ,places in the islands good work has been and is being some missionaries with special done, but everywhere it is disprofunds successfully use the newspa- portionately small in comparison pers for systematic evangelistic with the efforts that are made in publicity. A few Christian books educational and medical work, and are issued annually by commercial pitifully small in relation to all the publishing houses. When, however, evangelistic work and purpose which the printed page might and we consider the "Kingdom of God should power'fully reenforce. Plans Movement" under the leadership for larger, better work have been of Mr. Kagawa, with its goal of a made, but the funds are lacking. greatly enlarged cllurch membership, eagerly evangelistic because The conclusions may be sumof the appreciation of the Gospel marized in a few brief paragraphs. in its significance for the Japanese The printed page is a major factor people in these days of change, it in all propa'ganda and its signifibecomes painfully clear how inade- cance for Christian preaching and quate the supply of Christian books teaching is greater than is usually and other printed matter is for the realized. By it maximum numbers most effective carrying forward of can be reached, repeated impresthis Movement, so great in its pos- sion is possible, and more thorsibilities. An effective program ough-going instruction can be realfor the production and use of time- ized than by mere oral tradition. ly Christian literature is most ur- But the support of missions and gently needed in Japan today. churches for a real program has not yet been obtained anywhere. The situation in China cannot be satisfactorily described in a What is to be done about it? paragraph. Much good work has There are a great possibility and been done in the past and is still necessity for cooperation both in being done. But in comparison production and distribution. The with the need and opportunity in Federation of Women's Boards has this great land, where revolutions shown how with a comparative1y in politics, industry, social customs, small sum of money used cooper-

atively really effective work can be be done by the men and women in done. But even the Federation has charge of local work. The responnot yet succeeded in getting its sibility for finding ways and means for these programs rests with the constituent boards to give litera- mission boards and it cannot yet be transferred to others. The ture a place in their programs, for boards can justify their adminisits funds come largely as special tration of the funds at their disgifts. There must come, first of all, posal only by making sure that in a recognition by the mission boards some way a certain proportion is of the value of literature, and then allocated to Christian literature. a decision on their part to give the support of literature programs a To adopt the device of broadplace in their budgets alongside casting advertisers, the author of that which is given to educational, this paper will gladly advise those medical and other forms of work. who may be interested in this sub- To transfer the responsibility for ject, as to how they can make a such decision to the missions in the contribution specifically for Chrisfield is impracticable, for the out- tian literature in any part of the look of the missions is necessarily world, to be expended by the mislimited to their local fields and sion board of the church to which they receive' insufficient funds for the donor belongs, if such persons the work with which they are al- will address him at 419 Fourth ready burdened. Literature pro- Avenue, New York City, and give grams must be developed on the name of his church. nation-wide scales, and this ~annot MORMONISM AND THE WAY OUT BY REV. CLATON S. RICE 8upe~'inten(J,ent., JJfontana Congregational OonJe'renee AYOUNG Gentile minister and hate heartily; who think spar- plunging into an isolated ingly, and who worry little, he ad- Mormon community over mired them, but he could not rectwenty years ago could see little of oncile himself to the church to good in the Mmmon Church. No which they belonged, one wholly matter how much he learned to ad- undemocratic and almost nonmire the devotion of individual Christian, as he believed, though Mormons to their church, their bearing the Christian name.

willingness to sacrifice to the very He often felt like writing: "The limit, their readiness to cooperatEv fruits of orthodox Mormonism in in the building of their new coun- both the spiritual and the ethical try to the extent of forgetting spheres cannot be looked upon themselves in the welfare of their with complacency. In my judggroup, he could not lose sight of ment the Mormon Church has an autocratic priesthood ruling a murdered true religion in thougroup of people as if by divine sands of good people. It has right. As he faced the virtues plunged them back into conditions which so many of them as indi- from which the race has struggled viduals possessed, the virtues of for centuries to free itself. It has people who live lustily, who love sanctified relationships and cus- 3

toms that the experience of cen- Pocatello, Idaho, the Mormon turies has proved to be unwise. It Church was so weak that it was has catered too much to the animal hardly worth noticing. Today it in man instead of the spiritual. It possesses six Wards, and a stronghas developed the coarse and has er membership in that thriving tried to crush the fine. It is at- railroad center than all other tempting to bring the whole world churches combined. It is seriously to its plane. It has produced some challenging the Y. M. C. A. in its people who feel so perfectly at attempt to minister to the recreahome in a world of sin, so self- tional and athletic needs of Pocarighteous, so cocksure, so utterly tello, just as it challenged, finally without conflicting passions which with success, the Salt Lake City tear at the hearts of folks with Y. M. C. A. Just a day ago, it tender sensibilities that they grow seems, there was a feeble Mormon sleek and fat and spread abroad congregation meeting in a rough over the land and draw weak souls little building on a back street in to themselves." Boise. Today it has completed an $80,000 meeting-house. Its prom- I am confident today, after these inent members are insinuating years of contact with Mormons, that the other churches of Boise that no deeply religious Mormon is have failed with the young people wholly happy with that which his of the town and that their church church is accomplishing in devel- is ready to furnish the only propoping spiritual life in his people. erly supervised dance in the town. At the same time, I can appreciate They are doubtless right, but by his pride as he points to its mate- patronizing this, the Gentile young rial accomplishments. Great as it people will help to raise the debt may be for a church to have a on the building and become somelarge hand in the building of a what Mormonized at the same brilliant material civilization, how- time. Just yesterday at Twin ever, I count that church a failure Falls they said that there were no which, taking the name of Jesus, Mormons in the town, or, if there refuses to build His spiritual con- were any, they were ashamed to ceptions and His ethics into its admit it. Today in that prosperous, members. distinctively American town, the Mormons are not at all ashamed But whether the M 0 r m 0 n to let their identity be known. A Church is a failure as a developer large new tabernacle is under way. of real spirituality or not, so far as I am able to judge, the religious Gradually moving west and future of a large group of the peo- north and south and even east, ple of the Intermountain West who they have spread into Idaho and are not now Mormons lies in its Arizona and Nevada and Wyoming hands. I am not happy when I and into California and Oregon. make this statement, but I am try- While it is true that the great ing to face conditions as they Mormon populations today are exist. Today in the Intermountain found in Utah and Idaho, and West, no church is spreading with while it is true also that Mormon such rapidity as the Mormon colonies have had backsets in some Church or is consolidating its of the western states, the fact of gains so thoroughly. the onward victorious march of It was just yesterday that in

MORMONISM AND THE WAY OUT

the Mormon Church in our west- cause for greater alarm than the ern states wHl not be questioned average community with a grow- by most men who are in a position ing Mormon population now dis- to k now. Many communitie3 plays.

which scarcely recognize their There is one cause for rejoicing, presence today, later wHl discover however. I am convinced that the that citizens classed as among present standards of the Mormon their choicest will call themselve; Church are changing, and that its Mormons when their foothold h ideals may be far higher twenty- the community seems secure. five years from now than they are With its perfect organization, today. I cannot forget this: my with its high birth rate, its prose- good Mormon friends have often lyting spirit, its intense loyalties, told me, that it is the proud claim the great brotherhood spirit it de- of their church that it welcomes velops among its own people, it 1 new truth whenever, and from willingness to lower standards b whatever source, it comes. I have the level of the ordinary ma'1 heard that preached from the pul- rather than to attempt to rais3 pit of their church scores of times.

them that men may reach loftier And scores of times have I heard heights, it is bound to spread a, hundreds of voices repeating i1'

long as men continue to crav2: solemn unison, "We believe all that sense pleasure and material thing;; God has revealed, all that He doe3 above spiritual and moral values. now reveal, and we believe that He The Mormon Church dreams of will yet reveal many great and im- a West where it can rule as it rule 1 portant things pertaining to the in Utah. It dreams, too, of a con- Kingdom of God." Surely that quered East with a Mormon in the carries with it, as a necessary cor- President's chair, in spite of th~ ollary, the possibility of recogniz- fact that Apostle-Senator Smoot ing that some old truths are im- states that because of religious in- perfect and must be restated when tolerance it is impossible for a new truth is discovered.

Mormon to be elected President of It is a pleasure to know that in the United States today. Far- accord with these oft-repeated lib- fetched dreams are they? Prob- eral declarations, the best minds ably. But unless the dry rot, in this church have been willing to which is even now eating at the give up some positions found to be heart of the Mormon Church, de- untenable. New knowledge and stroys the attractiveness of the ex- new experience have materially af- terior, the Mormon Church will fected the theology apd the cus- grow for years to come. toms of the Mormon Church.

As it spreads, its standards will For instance, the Adam-God be accepted more and more as the idea-"The only God with whom standards of the communities into we have to do is Adam"-a. prod- which it goes. Its ideals remain- uct of the teaching of Brigham ing what they are today, with the Young, once held and taught by increase in Mormon population we practically the whole church, has face a lowering of spiritual and been largely repUdiated. Polyg- ethical standards in many com- amy, which early crept into the munities where Pro t est ant church, in spite of the expressed churches have a real hold. This is disapproval of the Book of Mor- .

mon, once regarded as the very brought into the church, and who, cornerstone upon which the re- as well, hopes not only to save for plenished earth was to be built, the world the good that the church was found unnecessary. The has to offer but who hopes to save sloughing off of polytheistic con- the church itself from ultimate deceptions is gradually under way, struction. church standards to the contrary. Just now, new ideas, more like For this fact must be very evithose of Christian churches, re- dent to every Mormon who really garding the mission of Jesus and thinks: in spite of the wonderful the value of the Bible are being organization the church possesses, widely accepted. The singing of in spite of the magnificent loyalties the great Christian hymns and a of its people, and the forced loyalmore orderly church service are ties produced by economic and sohappy innovations which would cial pressure, without the finest of not have been tolerated years ago. spiritual and ethical values, the Evolutionary forces have been at brilliant material achievements of work and are still at work, which the church cannot keep it alive inare causing such gradual trans- definitely. Ultimately, in spite of formations in the church that the its promising present and immerank and file are not aware that diate future, the church is bound they are taking place. But they to crash unless there are marked are taking place l transformations. The very exist- ence of the Mormon Church de- Once grrmt the possibility of mands revolutionary changes! theological modifications, and ]JOU open the doors to far-reaching Now if the masses in the Morchanges in the theology of the mon Church are to be brought to church. Some of our Protestant higher things, it is very clear that churches have discovered this. the beliefs and ideals of the Mor- Such transformations can logically mon Church itself must be transtake place in the Mormon Church formed. Comparatively few indiin spite of revelations which must viduals now in the church will be be repudiated, for the process has brought to better things through already begun. This will be denied the proselyting work of other by the Mormon Hierarchy, but, churches or through new knowlnone the less, it is true. The proc- edge obtained in our universities, ef!S has begun! In spite of revela- if one may judge the future by the tions and c h u r c h standards, past. changes have been made. Doctrines have been repudiated, logi- This is not to say that the work cally or illogically. The bars are of the Christian churches in Mordown! Nothing less than the ulti- mondom should be made less agmate repudiation of those unchris- gressive. On the contrary, it tian conceptions, customs and should be carried forward with repractices which have injured the newed zeal, the working forces be- Mormon Church in days gone by ing constantly augmented by the and are blighting it today should addition of new blood. (In my satisfy the thinking Mormon who judgment the work of the Chrisfeels ::t genuine responsibility for tian Church in Mormondom is not those who, in the future, are to be primarily to proselyte but rather to preach Christian ideals and a sane interpretation of the Scrip-

tures, and to live a life which will Your task, liberal Mormon, if help in awakening individuals in you will allow a friend to point it the Mormon Church.) But with out, is to bring to your people all the help and sympathy which these facts and to convince them we can give, it seems to me that through wise and constant iterathe Mormon Church can be saved tion. How that can be most effrom ruin only by the transform- ficiently done is your problem. ing power which is exerted by en- You can solve it, if you really love lightened Mormons. your people and your church. All else is secondary. All reform It is very evident to me, that the within the church will be of no conception of the Priesthood and avail until the grip this idea of its authority which the Mormon Priesthood has upon your people Church treasures, that of a divine- is broken through a process of ly chosen and endowed group of education. When this hold is men, possessing all power upon loosened, and then broken, all the earth, must be completely uprooted good you may desire for your peobefore any permanent progress in ple and your church is possible. the church is possible. So long as With the transformations which a man feels that any man or group will follow this break, your church of men has' the right to dictate to may become a real Church of Jesus him what his religious, moral and Christ of Latter Day Saints, business duties and limitations rather than as it seems to some of are, just so long will the system re- us, a system used largely by a tain an increasingly great number group of economic exploiters, masof evils for him. So long as in the querading under the name of the eyes of the masses the Melchizedek Master and the saints. Priesthood is God's sole representative upon earth, unique and in- We have faith in your courage fallible, with the President of the and in your devotion to truth. church as the final court of appeal, You must be the instruments in God's vicegerant, so long will most this transformation, you thinking of the old ways remain. Until the Mormons of today. You who are masses can be made to realize, as the intellectual descendants of some of us now realize, that Jesus men who have been willing to en- Himself was anything but a priest, dure great tribulation for truth, after the Mormon order of Mel- as they saw it, in days gone by, chizedek, but was, instead, one of you must do this if it is done! Beus, our brother, "The Son of Man," cause I know you and appreciate and that God uses men not because your willingness to endure for the of any order of Priesthood which sake of truth, sometimes in the they have invented for themselves, stillness of the night a vision but only as they, through purity of comes to me, one so great and so life and the Christ-spirit of love glorious that it fills me with astonand brotherly kindness, place ishment and joy. themselves in position to be useduntil that time comes, there will be In my dream I see a great commonly found in the church in- c h u r c h which has developed justices, bribery, mental dishon- through the tribulation and soresty, theological crudities, and all row of many, many years. It is a that follows superstition. living, spiritual, ethical power as w~U {lS {l tremenqols ec;<momk

force, caring for the many-sided rapidity. Wherever it tou~hes welfare of all its people. Its name people, they are blessed. Thei;r I do not know, though it still may loyalties for it grow with the call itself the Church of Jesm; years, because this great experi- Christ of Latter Day Saints. For all I know, it may continue to hail ment in the religious and the eco- Joseph Smith its Prophet and nomic spheres is more successful Brigham Young its greatest lead- as time passes. A joyful people, er, and it still may possess, out- cooperating to bring about great wardly, much the same old form things in all spheres, working of of church government as well as its former great and undying loy- their own accord under the direcalties. tion of their leaders, whom they have elected, not through co€rcion There are many striking differ- Ilnd fear, but because they feel that ences between it and the old they can trust them-what a glowchurch, however, all the differ- ing dream it is! ences between autocracy and democracy, between semi-paganism We can dream the way out, but and Christianity. Because of this, the best minds and hearts in the in my dream I see that this great Mormon Church must work the church is growing with amazing way out. And they will, I believe, before another centennial rolls around.

THE MORMON CENTENNIAL AND THE PROTESTANT PROGRAM BY THE REV. HERBERT W. REHERD, D.D.

Pre8iaellt of ll'('tltminxtcr CoIlC{}f.. ~alt La 1M' CitJ} T HIS month, the Mormon The ten decades have witnessed Church celebrates its found- a steady and generous growth in ing by Joseph Smith, Jr. The the Mormon Church. Its memberhigh points of the celebrations are ship has gone beyond the 600,000 at Salt Lake City, Independence, mark. Its organization, developed Missouri, and Cumorah Hill near in the conflict with the desert, has Palmyra, New York. These hun- become one of the strongest and dred years have been full of stir- most efficient in the world. Its ring events for the Mormon system of religious education is not Church. As Professor Erickson excelled in America and trains a reminds us, there have been three steady stre3J1l of missionaries who, great conflicts. The first was the to the number of more than 2,000, conflict with the "Gentiles" in Mis- are constantly and zealously souri and Illinois; the second the spreading the doctrine of the "Latconflict with the desert in Utah; ter Day Saints" throughout the the third the conflict now waging United States and the world. with modern thought. The first two bound Mormons more closely There are elements of real together in self defense, the third strength in the Mormon system is likely to cause the church more outside of the religious appeal. The trouble than either of the other authority in their papal type of two. organization, the control over so- cial, educational, commercial and

MORMON CENTENNIAL AND THE PROTESTANT PROGRAM

political life, the temple ordinances, in the division of territory under the clan spirit developed through the Utah Home Missions Council, the years-these and other lesser yet in view of the spirit of church elements have combined to make union in the air there are still Mormonism today a power which greater possibilities of church cocannot be overlooked. Most of us operation in the Mormon sector. will agree with Dr. Wm. M. Paden when he says that Mormonism is The colportage work, whether the largest, best located, best or- through Sunday-school mISSIOnganized, wealthiest and most ag- aries or by gospel tents and waggressive of all the false religions ons, has a possibility through of America. denominational cooperation such as has not yet been realized. I be- In the celebration of the centen- lieve that there is the possibility nial we may expect to hear a repe- of practical work here through the tition of two statements which combined action of the National have been drummed into Mormon Home Missions Council and the ears in recent years. As stated by Utah Home Missions Council. Dr. Claton S. Rice in his new volume entitled "The Mormon The distinctive Protestant Chris- Way," they are: (1) We are a per- tian schools of Utah have reached secuted people; (2) we are su- a low ebb in numbers but are mainperior to all others. Skillful play- taining an effective standard of ers on the heart strings have used work. There is little question that these two notes to bind Mormons these schools have been the greatinto an unusually loyal group. est single force to change Mormon- ism. Their power should be even In view of this dominant and greater in the days ahead. At least growing religious organization of in the one college, Westminster, Utah, what should be the Protes- there are possibilities through the tant program in the strong Mor- combination of denominations that mon states of the far west? have been little realized so far. Many of those intimately con- It must be constructive and not cerned are interested in a thorcombative. The old day of bitter ough-going interdenominational argument and abuse has gone. To- institution which will make a day it. must be the New Testament strong impress upon the whole life power of light, love and truth. It of Utah. must be an attempt to show that life lived after the pattern of Jesus A united and sympathetic Prot- Christ is more beautiful and satis- estant impact upon Mormonism at factory than life after the pattern its home base has every hope of of Joseph Smith. seeing this church swing through It must be a unified program, in the second century away from Jochurches, colportage and school seph Smith and his strange docwork. While Utah has probably trines, to Jesus and the principles set the best example of all states of the New Testament.

Give us, oh, give liS, the man who sings at his work! Be his occupation what it may, he is equal to any of those who follow the same pursuit in silent sullenness. He does more in the same time– he will do it better-he will persevere longer.-Carlyle.

MOUNTAIN

Notable Address at the Jubilee Celebration of the National Indian Association BY MAJOR GENERAL HUGH L. SCOTT I ESTEEM it a great honor to be and partly by Indians, the Prairie invited to speak to this cultured Band of Chippewa or Ojibway as audience of friends of the Indian, they call themselves, who forced whose friend I also have tried all their way out of the woods of Minmy life to be. I have read with in- nesota on to the plains of North terest the list of the achievements Dakota less than 150 years ago.

of this Association during the past There are some Crees, and a pefifty years and congratulate you culiar body of people called Red upon the work accomplished. Fifty River half-breeds. Should you ask years is a long time for any organi- one his name he would be likely to zation to function steadily for an give you some such name as Donald altruistic purpose. I have seen Grant, and you would know at once sortle of your establishments in the that his ancestors came long ago West where much good work was from one of the Orkney Islands as being done, and I note with satis- an engage of the Hudsons Bay faction that the site you have pur- Company and married a Cree or chased at Turtle Mountain, N. D., Ojibway woman. The next one is off the reservation where there may tell you his name is Baptiste is less chance of friction with the Longeais, and you recognize that government authorities than on his ancestor came from Three the reservation and you are far Rivers or some town on the Lower more independent. St. Lawrence in the Province of I have been asked to speak about Quebec as a voyageur in search of the "Turtle Mountain" of North furs and may have been of the Dakota, which is a range of hills noblest blood of France. He also of low altitude in the shape of a married a Cree or Ojibway woman. turtle 100 miles long. It is bisected But no matter what their name or east and west by the international origin, they all spoke a curious border line between Canada and French with Cree Chipeway or North Dakota and is partially cov- Sioux, were all Roman Catholics, ered by a low growth of oak, elm, and in my youth were all fond of birch, popular, aspen and box el- alcohol, the fiddle and dancing. der. The wild raspberry yields plenty of delicious fruit in its sea- These Red River half-breeds son and the high bush cranberry is formed a tribe of their own, usually married among themselves and found which gives its name to the their children were thus half-breeds town, the mountain, and the for generations. Their primal river Pembina. In my youth there home was on both sides of the line were elk, moose, deer and bear still along the Red River of the North, to be found in the Turtle Mountain, the shores of Lake Winnipeg, the but now only ducks with a few Saskatchewan and tributaries. sharptailed grouse. The mountain They all cultivated little vegetable is inhabited partly by white men gardens, or rather they planted 280 them but soon left them to care for keep off the muddy fioor. By the themselves until harvest time, time camp was arranged, a quart while the owners congregated of steaming tea with a handful or somewhere in the west in two two of pemmican would be given bands – one on the White Horse each man, which a tenderfoot Prairie on the Assiniboine River of would receive with scorn as en- Canada west of Winnipeg, the other tirely inadequate for a man who in a suitable location in North had traveled all day. But seven Dakota near the buffalo. Here pounds of fresh meat went to the they each elected a captain and making of that pound of pemmican agreed upon rules for their guid- and he soon found that his eyes ance, after which they would start were larger than his stomach and out for the buffalo in order to he could eat no more. Then, after make meat and robes; one of their replenishing the fire, they would main products was pemmican- lie around it wrapped in buffalo dried buffalo meat reduced to a robes-heads to the wall-the wind powder by beating with a stone roaring overhead sometimes at 56° hammer. This was placed in a below zero. While sheltered in rawhide saak to the depth of six their snowpit from the wind, they inches upon which six inches of would sleep in comfort the sleep of melted fat was poured and thor- the tired, well fed, and contented. oughly mixed with the meat, which If awakened by the cold they would process was continued until the replenish the fire, look up for sack was full when the mouth of it awhile at the Aurora Borealis they was sewed up and the meat would thought were the spirits of the dead remain in that condition for years dancing in the north or at the brilif kept dry. The pemmican was liant stars marching so silently overhead – so near one could aloften mixed with dried service most reach up and pull one down. berries or pounded choke cherries. Two sacks would be a good port- These were kindly docile felage load and much of the season's lows, quiet, trustworthy, good product would be sold to the Hud- hunters-well behaved if there was sons Bay Co. to feed their men and no whiskey-happy when with the carried by canoe beyond the Arctic buffalo, good husbands and fathers Circle. I used to buy this pem- as well as good Catholics, for the mican to feed my hunting dogs at "Father" usually went out with Fort Totten, a military post on the those caravans of 1,200 or 1,500 south side of Lake Mini-wakan, a carts in search of buffalo. These spirit lake of the Sioux-miscalled Red River carts were peculiar to Devils Lake for the Sioux knew no this country and this people. They devil. were homemade, entirely of wood without any metal, with high When traveling on snowshoes wheels modeled after the carts of over those frozen wastes and night Normandy. The felloe s were came on after a hard day of toil, pinned together with dowels and the half-breed scouts would dig wrapped with buffalo rawhide that, down into the snow six feet or more once dried, acted like bands of to the bottom of a ravine in the steel. These carts were drawn by middle of which a fire would be Indian ponies or oxen wearing a started and the ground covered with spruce boughs as a carpet to hone collar stuffed with antelope

hair, the harness made of rawhide. the northwest passage. He was These carts were very light, could escorted by a large band of As- carry up to 1,000 pounds and could siniboine friends on foot because be used as a boat for crossing the horse in its spread over the streams; the ox with his spread- plains had not then reached so far ing foot would take them easily north. He returned to Montreal through a swamp. by the way of a fort his subordinate I have seen one hundred of these had built where is now Portage La Red River carts standing in the Prairie, Canada, still on foot. Two streets of Winnipeg at one time. of his sons came back to the earth- "Jean Baptiste," as the breed was en villages of the Mandans, whose called, would ride a horse beside sites can still be pointed out on the cart which was driven by his both sides of the Missouri at the wife with the children, pups and mouth of the Heart River near Bis- household gear piled inside. The mark. They traveled southwest to axles of these carts were always the . Black Hills of Dakota and of wood and protested loudly to planted a lead plate near Pierre, heaven their lack of grease so as S. D., claiming the sovereignty of to be heard coming for miles. All that country for France in 1743.

the freighting between Fort Garry, This plate was found by some chil- Pembina and St. Cloud and St. dren near Pierre and it is now in Paul was done at one time on long the State historical society of South trains of these carts, carrying Dakota. They were the first Euro- down meat and furs, bringing back peans to see the Mandan and Chey- flour, calico, sugar, hardware, enne Indians and the Black Hills rifles, blankets and ammunition- of Dakota. They got horses from and, alas, whiskey at times-until the Cheyennes beyond the Missouri the coming of the steamboat to Red and went back mounted to their River ended all that. Today the fort at Portage la Prairie, still in Red River cart, so superbly adapted 1743.

to its day and environment, can be The next to see the Turtle Moun- fou,nd only in museums, and the tain and leave a record was David hunter of buffalo, dressed on Sun- Thompson in 1789. He was prob- day for mass in moccasins, buck- ably the greatest geographer that skin trousers, dark blue broadcloth ever lived, but he is known only to coat with skirt and brass buttons, a few because his work was hidden a red sash and a porkpie hat, has from knowledge by the Hudsons become, like the buffalo, a thing of Bay Co. for 100 years. Next. Alex- the past to be seen no more on ander Henry, the fur trader, in earth save with the eyes of mem- 1806, who went out and came back ory or imagination. to his trading post on Red River.

The first EUropean to see the As the buffalo became more and Turtle Mountain was Le Sieur de more scarce, the caravans had to la Terendrye, who skirted its north- go farther and farther west each western side in 1738 enroute to the year for their meat and robes. I Mandan earth lodge villages near saw them in 1877 so far up Milk Bismarck, Dakota, in search of the River they could not get back to sea of the west by a river that he Red River the same year and had expected would take him to the built log houses on Milk River in Pacific, that will-o'-the-wisp we call which to winter, near where the

TURTLE MOUNTAIN

town of Chinook is now on the I found the me'n ·putting up hay Great Northern Railway. They with great energy, but they are lived at times in skin lodges with poor, their food usually scant and their carts all around Devils Lake. clothing insufficient for that north- I went in 1878 to Fort Totten on ern climate, probably the coldest in the South Side, having carried a the United States. The good citidespatch 82 miles from the North- zens of Rolla gave them $12,000 as ern Pacific at Jamestown on a a gift to prevent suffering-a very single horse in 24 hours, Thanks- severe tax on that scattered comgiving Day, 1878, with snow cov- munity none too well-to-do them- selves-showing a most unusual atering all the roads. titude for white communities to I took Mrs. Scott there as a bride take toward Indians, a burden they ought not be called upon to asin 1880. Our eldest son, was born sume. I inquired for myoId scouts, there. I helped construct the first but found they were all dead alsteamboat on the Lake and I built though some of their children lived. the first telegraph line north of the Northern Pacific from Fort Totten The Washington authorities had to Larimore, 78 miles, in 1882. We neglected the settlement of these constructed ,a fine dock out into Indians and allowed white men to eight feet of clear water. When settle on the Mountain, and when Mrs. Scott and I went to look for the time came to allot the Indians it in 1926 we had hard work to find the best of the land was gone. it a mile or more from the water Some were allotted it in Montana, and covered over by forest, for the far away in the dry country where lake had fallen 20 feet and it was nothing but a sage hen or a jackno longer the lake we had known rabbit could make a living. I in our youth and the Post was now recommended that the Montana an Indian school. The military lands be given up as too dry and band could be heard there no longer too far away from their relatives, and the memory of the friends of and exchanged for land near TUrtle the days there of joy and sorrow, Mountain even if it had to be purof the deaths, the dinners, and chased for the purpose; but I have dances was all that was left to us. not heard yet of any activity. The land along the mountain is very We were traveling in a car fertile and will grow anything the loaned to us by the Great Northern climate will permit. Winter comes Railway. It was put on the branch early and stays late, and killing line and took us up to Rolla. We frosts prevent the opening of some were taken to Belcourt, named aft- crops, but wheat, rye and vegeer the devoted Priest Father Bel- tables do remarkably well. court who ministered long to the half-breeds of that country. From There is a wide field here for the agency I was taken up on the missionary effort with a fine docile Turtle Mountain where we could people, and I wish you every suclook far off into Canada, to Bot- cess in your enterprise. tineau, named after the famous half-breed guide scout interpreter, I,on~ would put a lW'" face on this visited the houses of the half- WI':!I";r 0}e1 world. ill which ve dwpll 118 breeds and noted their condition so png-alls HIHl f'l1f'llIi,>N t(IO lon~ . . . . . . I~ove as to make recommendation to Washington for their betterment. will u{'complish t-hat hr imIH'l'Ceptihlc'

nwthodl'l ·whjr'h forep wnllhllWYt>r achien~. –Emcr..-eoH.

INDIAN EDUCATION WHAT MIGHT

BEEN AND WHAT STILL MAY BE'

BY PRINCIPAL F. B. RIGGS Suntee Normul 'l'J"flJiniug School~ Santee, Nebraska SUPPOSE that, sixty or seventy you to build schools. Your chil- years ago when we Europeans dren will help pay for their tuition destroyed the buffaloes, our by part-time labor in those schools.

government had said to the In- You, their parents, will pay for dians that this invasion is what the building and upkeep of the has happened to many races. In schools and for the subsistence of all other cases the vanquished race your children from the money we was overwhelmed. Now we could pay you for the lands you are re- not prevent this invasion, but we linquishing. We will keep a strict will do differently from what has and open account with you of all ever been done before-we will do these matters. Meanwhile we are all we can.to make amends for the giving you employment so that you invasion. You Indians have been may earn a living as you always hard working people, earning your have, and a less precarious and living from the chase. Now we better living than by hunting.

will assist you to other ways of Suppose we had brought up the working for your living. We will Indians in some such businesslike purchase the lands you are relin- way, would there be an Indian quishing. And in order that we problem today? Instead of that may pay you the most for those we corralled the Indians on reser- lands we will employ you to help vations and fed them rations. Then us improve them. Then, to tell it we issued them agricultural im- briefly, the program would have plements to work for themselves been the employment of Indians to when we had by the rations taken build roads that would have imme- away most of the occasion and in- diately added to the value of all centive for their working.

the Indian land, and the building We should never have given our of dams to collect water for cattle Indians one spoonful of rations, and irrigation. The Indians em- but should have given them em- ployed in these projects would have ployment which would not have received wages and would have cost any more. We attempted to bought their food and clothing have them work for themselves from convenient traders and would first whereas the natural way to gradually have become industrious begin is to work for others first and thrifty. No rations would and finally to become capable of have ever been allowed. working for oneself. We expected Then our government would Indians who had never been agri- have said, it isthe law in this new culturists (the Sioux) directly to nation, of which we require you to become such, and that, too, on land become a part, that all children which only the most skilled and pa- must be educated. We will assist tient white man could make pro- ·Fl'ntn nn fljllll'f"AS fit tlif' Thirty-fifth Indian ductive. Then, too, those Indians Conferencel 1Io]1onk Lake~ N. y" October, 1929. were naturally better mech~nics 284 than farmers. Any wild Sioux bally. We drilled and blasted. We forty years back would have done opened the pit and built a dump.

better employed in an automobile Then we lined up the Indians, pov- factory than farming for himself. erty stricken whites along with The Indians would have been much them. Our township oand local sooner educated into citizens cap- road man deserve all the credit. In able of working for themselves if order to make our money hold out, they had been brought up by a we paid only half the usual wages businesslike and rational program for full time work under doubly rather than by one that was topsy- hard conditions. And there was turvy. some kicking about that, but they The better program may be fol- came to it. And the starving In- lowed even yet. Last winter the dians worked and ate and worked S-antees were starving mostly be- some more. And we hard-surfaced cause of sitting around all summer the worst parts of our main road talking about the millions of dol- to town-a tremendous benefit to lars to be gotten from the govern- every member of our community.

ment on the Black Hills claim. We have all plans made for work The drought was a minor factor. of the same kind next winter. I Our government supervisor was am talkmg about higher education appealed to for rations-back to for Indians, and therefore have rations that we had been years get- mentioned the highest education ting away from! I appealed to the first. The only thing that can save supervisor never to allow it. I these people is employment and don't know what he did, but there the kind of education that prepares were no rations. However, some- them for and leads them into em- thing good came to pass. I am ployment.

telling this only to show what al- Then what about our schools?

ways should have been done and Rations, idleness and pauperiza- what may yet be done on a larger tion has been our program; where- scale. Our little Santee township as it might have been employment, had saved in its treasury a few wages, and thrift. Then came our hundred dollars. Some of us pro- Indian schools with paternalism posed to pay that as wages to our continued still more extravagantly.

starving people for graveling our Our Indians have never set much main road. We fought consider- value on education because they able opposition, but won out. Some have never done much if anything millions of years ago the glacier for it. We should have begun at which pushed the Missouri River the first, as I said, to teach them a hundred miles out of its course to pay for their schooling. And and deposited some of the best though it has now come to pass gravel in the world just where we that we have made them less and wanted it. But the weather was "less able to pay, we must have terrible, temperature twenty be- them more and more do what they low, the Missouri frozen deeper can.

than it had been for forty years, Now the worst trouble with our snow deep, and how the wind Indian schools is (I include my howled over that gravel hill! We own school in all my statements) who were the promoters had to that they are not leading Indian agitate physically as weB as ver- young people into employment.

There appears to be a condition in same salaries that teachers have, Bulgaria, described in the Septem- a most needed service, a position ber number of the Chri.~tian Cen- of greatest importance and honor, tury, which is an extreme form of one that does more for the making the condition into which we are or unmaking of a school than alheading. In Bulgaria the schools most any other! have produced too many intellectual,; and unfitted young people for Our Indian schools are not heluthe work that belong,; to them. ing Indian young people into the There are too many looking for service work that they should do white-collared positions. I quote a to earn a living nor into the serv- ice needed in their communities. few lines: But as a relief from this doleful tale, let me tell of one who did go The supreme need of the Near East out from our Santee school lately is apcstles net experts. people wi1ling (even as many others have done to work in villages with and for vil- though not as many as should have' lagers. Such people cannot be create:! gone from ours and all other in city schools. Such schools kill the schools). This one is becoming idealistic spirit and dilute apostolic such an apostle to his people as the ardor, annihilate idealism and hero- Bulgarian article described. He ism. A new type of educated man was not one of our promising pumust be created. All his patriotism pils. He left school to become a and love of adventure and attachment dissipated never-do-well and went to poetry and passion for achievement to the limit repeatedly. But after must find expression in that heroi~, many prayers and persuasions, a muddy, dusty, smelly crus!lde for vil- spirit of change came over him lage redemption. He must be as Jesus and he returned to school asking with fishermen, as Paul with tent for special courses to prepare himworkers, as Booker Washington with self to be a missionary. There Negroes, as Moses with his slaves. soon happened to be a place to try There is no more glorious social or him out in a far out station and spiritual task in the world. the preacher's reformed Son was sent. He arrived amid many diffi- Now there has arisen a great culties, temperature twenty below prophet in that country, a Dr. Has- and the attitude of the people kell, a missionary from America, colder yet. The parsonage is a hut. and he is reforming education to The few window lights had been meet the needs of the common peo- broken by boboos (Indian for hoodple and those people are flocking lums) . The house was full of snow. 0 u r young missionary to him. hustles some miles to the nearest Our American education has Bul- store for glass, repairs the win- dows, digs wood from snow drifts, garianitis. Our American schools and makes wife and children comare not assisting young people fortable. The people have given into needed occupations but rather him no welcome. But he is soon away from them. Witness the fact on his rounds, using his mechanithat if I want a teacher I write cal ability developed at school, one letter to an agency and in the helping to repair their huts; and next mail receive fifty applications. so he wins a welcome. At first call But if I want a school cook, I write fifty letters and search over seven states and find never a one! Now there should be plenty of young women for school cooks at the

1930J IN INDIAN EDUCNrION WHAT-

of spring, he plants garden and young missionary's preaching- field and makes fences, and is on and good reason why! This is a the go early and late through his true story and all happened within neighborhood encouraging his peo- the last nine months. It should be ple to do likewise. This is new to the far-searching aim of our In- them only in the enthusiasm of the dian schools to produce more re- new leader. Those who had failed sults like that in all fields of lead- before are caught by the new con- ership. tagion. Description of one typical There is an increasing tendency example will be sufficient. There of our larger Indian schools to was a long-haired old Indian man. aspire to high school standing; not He had often been told how to a good tendency. A high school plant by a government farmer course prepares nobody for any- (probably all he had time to do). thing in particular. We need more But long ago Henry Clay Trumbull industrial schools and fewer high said telling is not teaching. Teach- schools in all America lest we conis causing to know, he said, and I tract Bulgarianitis. I mean that might add helping to do. Perhaps we need more thorough industrial the well meaning but too busy schoohc I do not advocate schools "farmer in 'charge" had not read of a sordid materialistic sort that Henry Clay Trumbull. But some- would make man only a machine how our reformed preacher's son to earn a living. We want industrailed with him from our school trial schools that are uplifting in a glimmering of a sense of real character, schools where pupils service and that is the kind he ren- learn to appreciate the wonders dered. He persistently and repeat- and beauties of God's world so edly showed the old man, as he did that they will have mental vision the many others day after day. as well as skill of body; that their And by and by the old man was minds may soar while their feet proudly pointing all his friends to are on the ground and their hands, a crop, saying "Kada wanyaka as Booker Washington said, in the uJO" (Behold what I have done). earth.

The young missionary helped on N ow, therefore, everything through the harvest and the mar- everywhere for Indian employketing and one day the happy old ment, employment- for the adults man came home with money jin- at home. And let us have schools gling in his pocket, the only valu- that actually prepare young peoable money he had ever known! ple for modern industry, and then N ow those Indians listen to that a method for getting them into it.

A PRAYER FOR ALL MISSIONARIES o Merciful Father, we commend to Thy care and love all whom Thou hast called to labor in the mission fields. Give thEm comfort and sure confidence in Thee; pour upon them the abundance of Thy Holy Spirit; grant them the gifts of language and of sympathy; prosper their work; cheer and encourage them in loneliness and difficulty; keep them in health and safety under Thy protection, and give them grace to obey, with readiness, Thy Holy Will, through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.

Of THE

Annual Meeting of the Review many religious activities. He has been a member of the Board of Di- The annual meeting of the stock- rectors of the MISSIONARY REVIEW for holders of the MISSIONARY REVIEW, the last five years, and the editor and in New York, February 13, was an his fellow directors have been greatly occasion of deep interest. The re- indebted to his faithful and intelliports covered a wide range of topics. gent cooperation. He carries with Plans for the future were outlined. him into his retirement the good Letters were read from the Editor, wishes and prayers of all his associ- Mr. Delavan L. Pierson, who, with his ates and of missionaries and friends wife, is visiting the missions in Asia, in many denominations as well as his and the annual address of the Presi- own. dent, Dr. Robert E. Speer, was char- acterized by the breadth of view and inspirational statement for which he The Naral Conference is so widely known. The eyes of the world are focused The officers and Board of Directors on the Naval Conference now in ses- were reelected, with the exception of sion in London. It is rightly regarded the Rev. Dr. Charles L. White, who, as one of the most momentous con- having retired from active service, as ferences of modern times, and its in- explained in another editorial on this fluence is certain to be profound and page, was replaced by the Rev. P. H. far reaching. We would fain write J. Lerrigo, M.D., Secretary of the at length about it, but we realize that American Baptist Foreign Mission it is not complete and that it may as- Society. The stockholders and direc- sume a different phase by the time tors enter another year of service these pages are read. We can only more strongly convinced than ever of say that, as this number goes to press, the value of the REVIEW to the cause the prospect of that reduction of arma- of Christ at home and abroad and ments which is so earnestly desired with renewed prayer and consecration. by the enlightened public opinion of the world, and which found such noble Dr. Charles L. ";hite expregsion in President Hoover's mes- sage to Congress December 3, is not The Baptist Church and the cause as hope,ful as had been expected. It of Home Missions as a whole have is indeed a gain that, since the Con- suffered a loss' in the retirement of ference cannot agree to abolish sub- Dr. White from active service. He marines, it has at least agreed that has been an officer of the American they be subject to the same rules as Baptist Home Mission Society for surface warships; but unfortunately twenty-one and a half years, nine the latter bid fair to be more rather years as Associate Secretary and than less numerous. Italy wants the twelve and a half as Executive Secre- same strength as France. Japan wants tary. He has represented his church her ratio increased. Great Britain and society on various interdenomi- feels that these demands, if conceded, national committees and organizations, would enlarge the tonnage that she and has been an influential factor in would require to maintain her ratio.

288

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

America is at once involved by the the subject have been published* and principle of parity between the Brit- innumerable newspaper and magazine ish and American navies, which had articles. Every newspaper in India is been agreed to before the Conference said to be still discussing it, and fre- assembled and which was hailed with quent references to it continue to be much gratification. But it bids fair made in the American and European to be a grievous disappointment, since press. Beside the fifteen books re- it appears to be clear that the British ferred to is one by Miss Mayo her- navy, while reduced, will be kept at self, "Slaves of the Gods." She such a level that, in order to build up describes twelve pitiable cases which, to it, the United States must spend she declares, are "taken from real the huge sum of a billion dollars in life," and she cites the opinions of five years for the increase of its navy. forty-nine prominent East Indians, So far as America is concerned, there- several Indian edited newspapers, the fore, the principle of parity is likely government census, reports of govern- to operate to do just the reverse of ment committees, proceedings of In- what President Hoover and an over- dian conventions, and sworn testimony whelming majority of the American before the committee on "the age of people have desired, and the only per- consent." Nearly all of this material sons who rejoice are the militaristic followed the appearance of "Mother "jingoes" and "big navy" men. India." The agitation became so acute In spite ot' the fact that all the that it received official attention. Mr.

participating governments signed the J. Coatman, Director of Public Infor- Kellogg Pact for the renunciation of mation of the Government in India, in war as an instrument of national a report to the British Parliament, policy, the Conference is apparently stated that the "event which engrossed dominated by a war psychology, as- public attention more fully than anysuming that it must provide for pos- thing else was the publication of Miss sible strife instead of possible peace. Katherine Mayo's book 'Mother India' The British and American press is …… Practically every newspaper in outspoken in criticism, and prayers India denounced the book as a scurare being offered in thousands of rilous libel. ….. A violent agitation churches and myriads of homes. was kept up in the Indian press and Christians everywhere recognize that on public platforms, and the controthe fundamental question is religious versy was extended to a great part of as well as political, really more reli- the civiliZEd world . . . . . . The governgious than political. Are Christ's ment spokesman in the Legislative Asspirit of love and brotherhood to reg- ulate international relations, or the • As we have not seen the fifteen books resuspicions and jealousies of animals ferred to listed together anywhere, we append in a jungle? Verily, "this kind can come out by nothing, save by prayer?" them here.

A. J. B. "Understanding India, It by Gertrude Vil- Iiams (Howard-McCann); "Neighbour ImUa~' "Mother India" Agitation by Agnes Burr, (Revell); "Living India," by Still Burning Savel Ziman, (Longmans, Green) j "Unhappy Iudia," by Lajpat Ral, (Banna Publishin~ Co., Few books remain prominent in Culeutta); "Sister India," "World CitlZen," public discussion several years after . (Sister India Omce, Bombay); "Father Intheir publication, but Katherine dia, a Reply to Mother India," C. S. Ranga Mayo's "Mother India" is one of them. Iyer, (London, Selwyn & Blount); Hlndia, The agitation that it aroused on its Step-mother," Sir Claude Hill, (London, Blackpublication in 1927 is as intense as wood); "Uncle Sham, Being the Strange Tale ever. No less than fifteen books on of a Civilization Run Amok," (La.hore, Times Publishing Co.); "A Son of Mother India An- 4 svers." Dhan Gopal Mukerji, (Dutton); "In· dia: Its Characters, a Reply to ·Mother India,'!1 J. A. Chapman, (Oxford); "Miss Mayo's Mother India; a Rejoinder," K. Nata- rujan, (Madras); "India on Trial," by J. A., (Macmillan); "India in Bondage: Her Right to Freedom," Jabez T. Sunderland, (Lewis Copeland); "Shlva, or the Future of India," R. J. Minney. (Dutton); "After Mother In- dia," Harry H. Field, (Harcourt Brace).

sembly was subjected to a rain of tactful, reformers had been writing questions." and talking for over half a century, and that hardly any impression had Everybody is apparently agreed been made. It is true that the law of that "Mother India" so concentrated 1925 had raised the age of consent to attention upon bad social customs that thirteen; but Rai Sahib Harbilas it gave a misleading impression to the Sarda declared in the Legislative Asuninformed reader who would not sembly, September 15, 1927, that "the have learned from it that some of its law of the age of consent, so far as statements are exaggerated; that marital relations are concerned, is a there were East Indians who were al- dead letter." Miss Mayo cites the ready protesting against the evils that opinions of nine other well-known Inshe so vividly portrayed; and that dians to the same effect (pages 261there is a better side to the people of 264). And Mrs. Muthulakshmi Reddi, India than one would gather from her Deputy President of the Madras Legpages. Gladly recognizing this, how- islative Council, testified March 27, ever, the evidence is overwhelming 1928: "As for social reform work and that the horrors of child marriage the education of the public, we have and its resultant effect upon its help- been doing educative propaganda work less victims and the Hindu people are all these fifty or sixty years, and still all that she represented them to be. the progress is very little. I have now The two main criticisms that we have figures on hand to show that early seen in prin't and heard in conferences marriages are rather on the increase impress us as ignoring some funda- throughout India." mental considerations. The evils which Miss Mayo dis- Misleading Criticisms cussed are so formidable, so impreg- nable to assault by ordinary methods, One of these criticisms is that there and so deeply rooted in the social cusare social vices in America and Eng- toms and religious convictions of the land, and that one could write as star- Hindus that nothing but a sledge hamtling a book about them as Miss Mayo mer vigorously wielded could make an has written about India. Some of the impression on them. Grant that Miss fifteen books referred to above and Mayo's method was severe. So was hundreds of newspaper articles have Martin Luther's but it did the busiused this tu quoque argument. Every ness as Erasmus never could have decent American admits with shame done. When President Roosevelt was and humiliation that there are evil assailed for his ruthless exposure of conditions in his own land. But it certain great corporations, he replied should be noted that these evils are that the vital thing was not how or by condemned by both public sentiment whom the light was turned on, but and rEligion; while in India they are what the light exposed. It is as easy supported by public opinion and en- to criticize Miss Mayo as it is to crititrenched in religion. Na American cise most reformers. She deserves father feels compelled, under fear of some of the criticisms that she is resocial ostracism in this life and pun- ceiving. ishment in the next, to marry off his daughter by the age of twelve. There Results of the Agitation is a world of difference here, and one who does not take account of it misses But objections to Miss Mayo's use of one of the major points in the case. a sledge hammer should not divert attention from her success in batter- The other common criticism is that ing a way into the wall of evil that Miss Mayo's method was unduly harsh had hitherto stood unbroached. That and that if she had written in a more she has succeeded in doing this is now kindly and tactful way she would not clear. It is highly unfortunate that have aroused such resentment in India. her book caused a bitterness in India This overlooks the fact that kindly,

that intensified the feeling against all a very difficult and yet a very impor- white people. But if she stung some tant one. Of course they are encour- Hindus to anger, she stung others to aged as they see age-old walls of prej- action and strengthened the hands of udice being weakened. But they have reformers who had long helplessly de- to live among the people whose an-'

plored the evils of child marriage. cient and sacred customs and super- This is frankly admitted by Mr. Nata- stitions have been challenged and rajan, Editor of the Indian Social Re- whose enmity is easily kindled when former, who writes: their religious practices are interfered It must be admitted, too, that, while with by foreigners. And yet it is her (Miss Mayo's) poisonous generaliza- clearer than ever that, in India as tions about Indians and especially about Hindus as a class aroused resentment, elsewhere, no movement for reform her book has stimulated action which can permanently succeed till the prinotherwise would not have come so soon. ciples of the Gospel of Christ have Indian opinion is almost morbidly sensi- leavened the social order and created tive to Western criticism; and Miss a sustaining public sentiment. In Mayo's billingsgate has gone home more "Mother India" an outsider has struck effectively than the long and patient a smashing blow at a huge evil. The propaganda of social reformers in many Christians in India, foreign and nacircles hitherto but slightly responsive to their reasoned arguments. tive, must now deal with the situation It is probable too, that the agita- that has developed. They need, and tion aroused' by "Mother India" made should have in abundant measure, the possible the passage of some laws cooperation and prayers of Christians which had often been proposed but in other lands. A. J. B.

which had no chance of passage until her book developed an imperious de- CHIEF JUSTICE TAFT mand that forced the hand of reac- The death of William Howard Taft, tionariEs and timid government offi- March 9th, was mourned in the Philip- cials. Chief among these is the law pines as well as in America. The old- enacted in September, 1929, entitled er missionarieS gratefully remember "An Act to Restrain the Solemniza- his courtesy and fairness when he was tion of Child Marriages." This law, Governor General of the Archipelago.

commonly called the "Sarda Marriage When his attention was called to the Bill," the name of its proposer, raised fact that, under Spanish law, Protes- the minimum age of marriage consent tant churches could not receive title to for girls from thirteen to fourteen, property he personally drafted the law fixed eighteen as the minimum age for of October 19, 1901, which gave them boys, and bore penalties of one thou- the right to do so. In 1908 he said: sand rupees fine and one month im- "I have known a good many people prisonment for any male who either who were opposed to Foreign Mis- contracts or consummates a marriage sions. I confess that there was a time under these ages. How fully this law when I rather sympathized with that will be enforced remains to be seen. view. Until I went to the Orient, I did The editor of The People, Lahors, de- not realize the immense importance of clared that "the Sarda Bill will ob- Foreign Missions . . . Missions in literate the worst of the Miss Mayo those Islands are doing a grand and evils in India." But the orthodox noble work . . . I thank you for the Hindus indignantly protested that opportunity of speaking on behalf of child marriage is enjoined by their religion; that the law "infringes the this body of Christian men and women elementary rights and privileges of a large section of His Imperial Majesty's who are doing a work which is indis- pensable to the spread of Christian civilization." subjects," and is "a wanton outrage Filipinos joined Americans in tribon Hindu as well as Moslem feeling." utes to his memory. He was univer- The position of the missionaries is sally honored and loved. EDITED BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions The door between us and Heaven cannot be open when the door between us and our fenowmen is closed.

A GROUP OF SUPERLATIVELY USABLE METHODS FOR HELPING THE CAUCASIAN-AMERICAN TEEN-AGE GIRL TO UNDERSTAND THE INDIAN-AMERICAN TEEN-AGE GIRL By MISS HELEN M. BruCKMAN, Secretary for Indian Work of the Council of Women 1M" Home Missions What Are Indian Girls Like? side with other girls. The material which follows gives glimpses of the old "Are Indian girls always silent and and the new life of Indian girls. The slow?" "How can we learn to under- bibliography offers supplementary mastand them?" Many questions, such terial for your young people to delve as these come from eager teen-age into. groups who desire to understand and make friends with Indian girls. One of several methods may be chosen for the study. A home-made Rapid changes are taking place to- play on the Indian Girl of Yesterday, day in the lives of Indian girls. Their Today and Tomorrow may be worked people are being suddenly thrown into out and given or there may be impera civilization which other races have sonations of Indian girls of the three grown into gradually. In great con- groups. Either of these will stimulate trast to the past, the thoughts of In- a search for additional material and dian youth now center around school will give valuable imaginative exlife. These young people must not periences of the life interests and only adjust themselves to a new world problems of these girls. The bibliogbut must be prepared to interpret it raphy lists books which suggest practo their people thus helping them tical methods for working out plays. emerge from a primitive to a complex Again your group may prefer to build civilization. The Indian girl wishes stories upon the material given. Parts also to find ways of contributing the II and III lend themselves especially gifts of her race to the society of to this. A program of stories told as which she is becoming a part. the Indians do around a campfire would be impressive. Lastly if your If one is to have a right under- group prefers the discussion method, standing of the young Indian, one questions which follow the descriptive must know something of the life of material and stories may be sugthree distinct groups. There are still gestive. many girls who are leading the primitive life on the reservation following The Indian Girl Who Is Following old customs and habits. There are those who go to school and wish to go Her Grandmother's Way forward into a new life although old traditions pull them back. There is a (May be used for impersonations or small third group which is rapidly in- part of a play) creasing of those who are going into She is a full-blood girl of the desthe world making their way side by erts, lonely mountains or for est 292

METHODS FOR WORKERS

stretches, picturesque in dress, far sat on the ground near the fire, fryremoved from the life of today. The ing bread in mutton fat. . . . .. Once hogan, tepee or wickiup is her home. Yannabah lifted her head and looked She has had one or two years in school long into her mother's eyes, but both and yet she leads a simple life helping soon turned away, troubled …… Perher mother prepare food, weave rugs haps the old mother sensed that the or mould pottery. Her rigid social girl was struggling to make her life customs are dictated by her grand- choice. If she stayed, some Indian mother. She spends hours sitting on would choose her for his wife. If she the earth floor before the smouldering went she could never return to her fire. mother's hogan, but she could go back to school and later get the hospital Silently this Indian girl wonders training she had dreamed of. It how she can use the little that she has might be that some day she could learned without offending the old peo- serve her own people in a hospital out ple whom she loves and reveres. Even on the desert. If she went, it must be more silently she wonders if there is quickly. . . . . . She gave a last look a power greater than the spirits which across the fire at the bent, old woman she has been taught lurk everywhere. at her task, and was gone.

Her great desire is that her chil- The old woman heard her go but dren may walk on a newer road. She did not stop her. Perhaps there had longs for a human touch with the out- come a moment of understanding for side world: (Adapted from Y. W. her girl who had been learning better G. A. pamphlets.) ways. (Adapted from story by Dor- othy Gate. Woman's Press. 1926.) New Trails and Old Which Trail (May be used in a play or for story telling) (May be used in a play or for story telling) Yannabah slowed her pony to a walk. The desert air was good after A class of American high school five years at school. A few weeks were girls were fortunate enough to meet hers …… of freedom from school an Indian girl who was a college grad- …… routine…… strict discipline uate. They asked her many questions, …… "Hocko, shahte," a voice greeted but chiefly, "What dOES an Indian girl her. It was her cousin …… who do after she gets through a governworked at the trading post. "The ment boarding school?" They wove trader's child is ill," he said, eagerly. her answers into a little play, "Which He knew that at school she had had Trail?" which is printed in "Meet hospital training. Your United States," by Mary Jenness.

"I will go," she said. In the play, five Indian girls about "No," said the boy. "Your mother to graduate are wondering what they said, 'She cannot go. Tonight there can do to earn their living. Rachel will be a "sing" for her.''' Both of Redheart has such a wonderful voice them knew what a "sing" meant-the that someone has offered to pay her men would come to look her over, conservatory expenses, but the others finally one of them would take her are greatly puzzled. Julia Bear is goaway to his dirty hogan to live ….. . ing to teach but very few opportunino more chance for the school ….. . ties are open to her; she may have For a moment she hid her face ….. . to go to a place eighty miles from any Then she lifted her head ….. . railroad where th-ere are no parties "Tell the trader's wife to look for and no way of meeting outside people. me on the sheep trail by the time the Mary Grass plans to be a nurse, but moon is up," she said. . . . .. The boy where shall she go afterward? To a …… sped down the trail. ….. city where she can make money at Yannabah rode slowly along the last, or to some little Indian village trail to her own hogan, the old mother

where there will be no money to give or sending scrapbooks which illustrate her? Dessa Begay, the fourth girl, home and school life of white girls. admits at this point that her family is calling her home to marry an old 2. Getting acquainted personally reservation Indian, set in the old ways. or through correspondence with some Her tragedy is lightened a bit when Indian school girl. Mary promises to come and help as soon as she has her training. The 3. Sending Christmas presents to last girl, Anita Pelletier, hesitates be- some Indian school. tween easy work as maid or hard work in an office-hard, because very 4. Finding out what your church is few Indian girls have gone into busi- doing for these girls. What the ness, and that way is untried and diffi- churches are doing together for Incult. Because of Mary's courageous dian boys and girls in the boarding decision, Anita, too, decides to take schools. (Do you know your church the hardest way, to open the minds of works with other churches in these white people to what an Indian girl schools through the Home Missions can do. Council and Council of Women for Home Missions 1) Discussion of Indian Girls of Yester- 5. HElping financially. (Suggestions may be had from Helen M. Brickman, 105 East 22d St., New York City.) day, Today and Tomorrow Interesting Books 1. What ~pportunity for school, The Red Man in the United States. work, play, friendship, would Indian An intimate study of the social, eco- girls of the reservations have? nomic and religious life of the Amer- ican Indian, by G. E. E. Lindquist. 2. What adjustments would life in Doubleday, Doran & Co., Garden City, a boarding school mean for an Indian N. Y. girl? Boole of Indian Crafts and Indian 3. Does the Indian boy and girl get Lore, by Julian H. Salomon. Harper as good an education as you are get- & Bros., New York, N. Y. ting? The Indians' Book. An offering by 4. What made Yannabah decide to the American Indians of Indian lore, go? What are the arguments on both musical and narrative, by Natalie sides? (List these on the blackboard). Curtis. Harper & Bros., New York, N. Y. 5. Susie was the honor student in the Home Economics Department. The Indian How Book, by Arthur Her mother died. After graduation C. Parker. Doubleday, Doran & Co., she decided to go home and keep house Garden City, N. Y. for her father. She finds his tepee home contains nothing but a bed of Skunnll Wundy, and Other Indian rags and a soap box table. What can Folk Tales, by Arthur C. Parker. she do in this situation? Doubleday, Doran & Co., Garden City, N. Y. 6. Is there anything in the heritage of Yannabah and Susie that ought to Universal Indian Sign Language, be kept? by William Tomkins, San Diego, Cal- ifornia. 7. Why is it harder for the girls in Which Trail to get employment than Indian Legends and Superstitions, for you? by pupils of Haskell Institute, Law- rence, Kansas. What You Can Do Regardless of what method is used Waheenee, an Indian Girl's Story. the group will want to talk over what Told by herself to Gilbert L. Wilson. can be done by those who wish to Webb Publishing Co., St. Paul, Minn.

know the Indian girl better and to Lrmg Lance, by Buffalo Child Long help her. The leader may suggest: Lance. J. J. Little & rves, New York, 1. Sending pictures for scrapbooks N. Y.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

The Rain-Makers, by Mary Roberts If we say we believe in love, give us Coolidge. Houghton Mifflin Co., New the courage to take the risks involved York, N. Y. in loving. If we say we believe in prayer, give us the willingness to face Story of the Red Man. A very read- ourselves fearlessly; to think earnestly able book which has a wealth of gen- and intelligently about the problems eral information, by Mrs. Flora confronting us; to work for the Warren Seymour. Longmens, Green achievement of a radiant life. If we & Co., New York City. say we believe that we have a responsi- bility to share Life, fill us with a sense Pamphlet. of our need to reconsecrate our lives for their sakes. May we fail none; Write to the Department of In- neither th6se witnesses who have gone terior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, before, ourselves, nor the youth who Washington, D. C., for Government follow on. Forgive us our failures. Bulletins. The following are helpful: Send us forth from these days of fel- lowship together with resoluteness The Social Heritage of the Indian that the power which is as available Girl. to us as it was to Jesus, and which power he used, may be ours. Amen. A Bibliography of Indian Stories for Young People. Bulletin, 1929, No. A PRAYER 13. By EDGAR A. GUEST Education of the Indians. Bulletin No.9. I would not stand apart nor dwell alone, N or live as one too good to soil my Indian H~me Life-the Past, the hands; Present. Bulletin, 1927, No. 22. I would not guard the soul that is my Indian Art and Industries. Bulle- own tin, 1927, No.4. So closely that it shrinks from life's The Problem of Indian Administra- commands tion. Institute for Government Research, Washington, D. C. Summary And scorns to go where shame and sorof findings and recommendations. row reign Pamphlets of Indian Department. For fear it, too, may wear a scarlet National Board, Y. W. C. A., 600 Lex- stain. ington Avenue, New York City. I would not say, "I'm holier than thou," Indian Material. Council of Women And stand aloof when others cry for for Home Missions – Home Missions aid; Council, 105 East 22d Street, New York City. I would put down my shoulder to the plow, Two Sugge.tions for Your Program And join with men, undaunted, un- on Inter-Racial Understandin.g a. afraid.

Related to the Negro Race If through the mire with purpose high I go, If you have not used in connection with your study of race relations the demon- How came the mud upon me God will know. stration "Black Diamonds" as found in Clean hands at night! That is the the October REVIEW, put it on in May pride I ask, which is interracial month. At its close have some one who is in sympathy with But let me stand to service through the sufferings of the Negro race read the day; the following prayer which was recently offered by a highly cultured young Negro Let me go gladly to my grimy task, woman in a short young people's session I'll bear the dirt which I can wash of the Federation of Woman's :Boards of away. Foreign Missions of North America: Our Father, give it to us to act on the bit of truth that we know. If we say we believe in brotherhood, give us the determination to make full and creative life possible for all people.

Though deep in mire Life calls on me 2. OUT WITH IT! to fight, Life is short-a fleeting vapor; What matters that, if I am clean by Don't fill up that whole-page paper night? With a tale which, at a pinch, Could be cornered in an inch. Specia.l Music for Sunday-School Boil it down until it simmers; Missionary PrograDl Polish it until it glimmers. When you have a thing to say, Music is a mighty factor in building up Say it; don't take half a day. or tearing down the moral fiber of youth, As Christian workers have we not been ~Ft'om the "Businc.'J8 Lctter~ lVriterJs Ma1llax in our selection of new Bongs for our ual,n bV Buck. youth, songs that adequately link up the present day with the thought of "The Cha.nging Pronouns and Nouns Great Master Mechanic"~ The following song will be a joy to your Sunday-school If you really wish to interest your boys, If properly taught, the sight of church in missions, be very careful in an airplane will direct the boy's thought introducing the subject, to use proper to God and to the nations that are to be pronouns. In place of speaking of a made one in Him; such a song leaves a missionary and her or his work, speak life influence. Try it. This is one of a of it always as "our" work over there, cycle of equally good songs which may be purchased from Miss Annie G. Bailey, 581 Boylston St., Boston, Mass. Price, 5 cents, The Men in Air (A HYMN FOR SPEEDING EARTH'S NEIGHBORHOOD) HAIlXY WEBB F ARRlNGrON Byrd ROB Roy PEERY ~-:. ;~J:~3..–~.=,:=:=::=±=rtJ~~–,r3—~-g'J-~.~=='===l;=#j1~- ~~I 1. 0 God Cre – a – tor, in whose hand The roll – ing plan – ets lie, 2. Strong Spir – it, burn – ing with man – kind On mis- sions high to dare, 3. Calm Christ, cou – ra – geous in Thy quest,Whose light led men a – far, –tt 4. En – fold – ing Life, bear on Thy wing Thro' storm and daIk and sun, I __ . .- -#1- .#1p=I ~44=_~¥FF.—:I—–l :::=-r8:=~=-b—-t-==.=::::—.'C-;¥.lr ~~::-:r::-;~~–=t~ =b~'"

~.- ..——#—-.-. • .. =__-t-§–f;~:…_:.l.j=–=~–4-=i=-1–1-l1=—~"+-'-+——–Ll=-=-",—-.l=I~ =_I —. +–1!–1=1I-=T =:1j ·.–.-..,r,-·-+-.-:1-:-:—:·–.-;.;;-=—1·~. -.~=-~ -~-lo– l=-~:–.I Give skill to those who now com-mand The ships that brave the sky.

Safe pi – lot all who seek to find Their hav – en thro' the air.

II – lume their path-ways with Thy blest And peace- ful na – tal star.

The men in air who clos – er bring The na- lions in – to one. A-men. r:4. #— :r:=r-=- . J • —J ~i:J~- >-:::::1f- ._-=:—+-~—L- -:.::-,::-=:-=~-=., :I='_~qr—r–='-J-t.—.–' ,f~L-r — -t t — -~ 4'~_: >C I!o-"-=;=-t:-==!#_1 ~I-~. U-r~-I) I–f-+,,-.- Copyright, from "Rough and Broo'l'O," J9!9. Music copyri;ht, 1929. bJ Rob R()y Peery.

TWO SUGGESTIONS FOR THOSE and "our missionary," "our schools," PREPARING MISSIONARY PRO- "our churches," "our stations," "our GRAMS AND SPEECHES: field."

1. "Good, better, best, never let it Surely if the work is "ours," the rest till the good is better and the missionaries simply our substitutes, petter, bellt," the openings they find or make are our opportunities and privilege.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

FOR SHUT-INS AND PICK-UP WORK * By FLORA DELL WHITE The quilted holder was made from a chine, then turned so the seams are on heavy pair of tan silk stockings, quilted the wrong side. Stuff the bodies with in a cinnamon-brown mercerized cotton cotton and attach six-inch braided and bound in one-inch brown satin rib- strips for tails and embroider the bon. A strip of brown silk stocking mouths and noses In pink or red cotton might be substituted for the ribbon. and the whiskers in white.

Any pretty pattern may be traced on The attractive boy doll, Bobby, has the holder and the tracing covered with an unbreakable h e a d and may be the tiniest of qUilting stitches. bought for a small sum. His trousers The twin kittens-Teeny and Tiny and blouse are made from the cotton -have emerald-green glass eyes and tops of stockings dyed pink. The cap neck and tail ribbons to match. They and stockings are tan cotton trimmed were evolved from a with bands of the pink cot- pair of white silk ton. The tie is made of a stockings and the strip of a light tan silk heads and shoulders stocking. Anyone can easily of the kit ten s are cut a pattern for these seamed to- simple clothes by placing gether 0 n the doll on a piece of paper the ma- and cut tin g around it.

Stitch all the seams on the ,, machine, so the clothes will stand the hard usage from the little hands that will play with it.

A very pretty quilt could be made of silk stockings by putting squares together, each one quilted in a design SMART LITTLE !lOBBY IS such as was used on the holder. HIS S'l'OCl<IXETTE SelT Several shades of tan and brown could be used. The log-cabin pat- tern could be used for a quilt also, cutting strips of stockings and sewing them to ten-inch squares of muslin.

• Reprinted hy permission of 1'hc CQuntr:1I Gentleman.)" copyright('d.192";, by The ("llrtis Puhlishing Company, PhiJade1phia. Pennsylvania.

I GENTLEWOMAN I J I JINGLES I Don't discard a stocking Because it has a hole, I I Make it into something I And even save its sole! '1 BABY 'VILL LOVE "'l'Em~Y AND 'rrNY," I TH)I: STOCKING TWI~S WBy Not Begin Now to Make These for the Coming Missionary Bazaars?

AFRICA'S PLEADING CALL (With changes, this may be adapted to other countries) (TUNE-"JUANITA") Far o'er the waters comes the piteous cry of pain Of the million voices-lthall they cry in vain 1 Hear ye now and answer-hasten thou with sure release Offer now thy healing, let their suffering cease.

Africa, dark Af' , . hy children cry no more.

A{rica, rica, op now thy door.

r hearts are yearning, ingt-r……..a new day, Wh the mists and darkness al shall pass n through swamp and forest Christ shall w nd through human kindness, bring His blessi s Africa, Oh Africa, we have heard thy call today.

Africa, O~ Africa, accept our gift!> we pray.

Christ the great Physician, speaks to us with plea voice, "Go and teach and heal them" leaving us no choice. Lord we quick will answer, gifts up.on Thy altar lay, Life and gold we bring the~ Heal them now we pray.

Africa, Oh Africa we would s.hare our all with thee.

Africa, Oh Africa we would be true to thee.

J,Il~~~tl!l~'ungle where the forest children roam, So s the joyful beat saying-"help has come, Health and hope' is pr mised,s,bundant' life is free to all, They have heard and nswere~answered our call." Africa, glad Africa, wouldpraise"His name with the Africa, glad Africa, give tllanks with thee.

-Georgia Hunt M There's a 10 g, long trail a-winding Into the rest so green Where dark- ced children wander And the ca p fires gleam There's a long long night of waiti Ere the day awn comes for yo Oh! Africa we ow 'are coming Down that 10 ,long trllil to It took a long, Ion Until Christians nd r That they must sha With others In all things pure and good Now there's a big, big boat a-steaming On the ocean so blue, Oh! Africa we now are coming Down that long, long trail to you.

-Geor.gia Hunt McKinney.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS AND FEmJRATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS VISUALIZING THE WORLD DA~ OF PRAYER AROUND THE WORLD A map of the world was stretched in the United States-China, Japan, out at the Annual Meeting of the India, Africa, Holland, France, Brazil, Council of Women for Horne Missions Mexico, the Philippines, Canada.

and again at the Annual Meeting of At the Council meeting a Christian the Federation of Woman's Boards of (C hurch) flag stood at one side and Foreign Missions at Atlantic City in two maps of the United States were January, 1930, flanked by the flags of included in the exhibit, one showing Canada and the United States – the location of migrant labor a nd indicattwo countries in which the constituent ing where work among migrants has boards are situated. A cross was been conducted, the other, the location placed on each country from which of Government boarding schools for word came of the 1929 observance of Indians at which there is work, either the World Day of Prayer-some 35. denominational or interdenomination- Programs attached to the map were aI, the latter being indicated by pic- received from various countries and tures of the Directors of Religious are in the languages of those countries Education; Migrant Work and Indian adapted from the program published Work being the interdenominational 299

home mission projects in the United and 1,233,000 of these still do not know States designated for special interest Christ. and gifts on the World Day of Prayer. Before our missionaries went to Africa In the picture of the map taken in the native language was not yet written; the Council office in New York the but our missionaries have put the lanlovely surroundings at the Annual guage of the Africans into writing. Meeting could not be shown-the However, until now 99 out of every 100 plants, birds and the ocean seen in the do not know how to read or write. distance from the Craw's Nest. One's mind traveled over the expanse of wa- There are no schools except the Mister to far shores and one visualized sion schools, and also no hospitals except the groups that had met in distant the Mission hospitals. lands. The cost of support of a native preach- The large Chinese poster-program er and his family is P 100 ($50). was translated for us by Miss Lucy Woo of the Council office personnel. Thus was the need of their own Across the top is "Day of Prayer section brought home to those attend- Program." The A, Band C are "Uni- ing the services. fied Aim," "Unified Service," "Unified Worship." The characters under the Written especially for the observsix numbers, at the side indicate ance, the poem by Amelia Josephine Hymns, Prayers, Scripture Reading, Burr Elmore was part of the 1929 etc. as do also the characters in the program: three sections. All through the world the women meet Beside Africa .is a poster which On this holy island of time, says in large letters ARAW NG PANALANGIN (Day of Prayer). Called by the throb of an African drum, Beneath is Febrero 15, 1929, and two Or the bells of a city chime, pictures with Ang Pag-asa ng Africa (The Hope of Africa) between them. Or just the beat of a loving heart Under the picture of a semi-naked na- Full of a purpose sublime. tive with spear and downcast mien is Bago Nakilala ng Africa si Kristo Sisters in soul, whether near or far, (Africa who does not know Christ) In the light of the selfsame sun, and beneath the portrait of a smiling man Pagkatapos na nakilala ng Africa Whatever our language, our race, our si Kristo (Africa after he knows land, Christ). Then follow IIang Mga Bagay Tungkol sa Africa (Some facts We are praying today as one; about Africa) which have been trans- "Our Father in Heaven Thy Kingdom lated as follows: come; The work of the churches of Christ is Thy will upon Earth be done." in Central Africa, in Belgian Congo, a territory about twice the size of the Is- Here it is as it appeared in the proland of Luzon. There are 17,034 mem- gram sent from Holland: bers of the church of Christ there. Gebedsdag, 1929 3,194 were baptized during 1927. 32 organized churches. Op dezen plechtigen avondstond, 6 mission stations. Komen, vereenigd in Dwen Naam, 53 missionaries. 461 out stations. Over het gansche wereldrond 920 meeting places. De Christenvrouwen biddend tezaam. 774 Christian workers. 9,996 pupils in mission schools. De Iiefde van Christus en lie aileen, 72,054 treatments yearly in mission Brengt ze tezamen en maakt ze een. hospitals. There are 1,250,000 people in the sec- Zusters in 't geloof, nabij of ver, tion for which our Mission is responsible, Die dezelfde zon bescheen, Welke ook onze taal zij, ons ras, ons land, In 't gebed zijn wij heden een.

Onze Vader, die in de hemelen zijt, Uw wi! geschiede ten allen tijd!

And here we have it as the offertory hymn "Prepared for a Convention of Christian Women of Kolhapur," India on the World Day of Prayer trans- lated into English by Rev. W. H. Han- num, of Miraj, India: On earth the women's great multitude has gathered,

WOMAN'S HOM~ AND FOREIGN BULLBTIN

The assembly of the Lord Christ's dis- National Council of Jewish Women. ciples for prayer; whether National Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs. By hearing the African drum today, National League of Women Voters. By sound of Chinese gong today, or National Woman's Christian Temper- By heart-wave of zeal today, ance Union. Yet gathered with loftiest purpose in National Woman's Conference of mind, American Ethical Union. To consummate, by strong endeavor, a National Women's Trade Union League. union. The National Committee is com- Though in outer form the appearance posed of the President and Chairman may be different, to the world's of International Relations of these eleven organizations. view, These sisters may be in color white or The program carried through smoothly as usual, with Mrs. Carrie black; Chapman Catt as General Chairman, Though one be near or far, on presidents of the bodies taking turn presiding at sessions. Special foreign earth's surface, or guests added greatly to the Confer- Different, not understanding others' ence, by their very presence, their presentations of conditions in their speech, or several countries, and their partici- Appearing different, in outer state, pation in group discussions. They Yet be she what she may, in one spirit were Madame Marie-Louise Puech of France, Convenor of the Committee today, on Intellectual Cooperation, Interna- To this our God she seeks to pray, joining tional Federation of University Wom- en; Frau Dorothee von Velsen, with us. President, German League for Equal Citizenship of Women; Miss Kath- Oh, our heaven-dwelling Father, the leen D. Courtney, Honorary Secretary, merciful,' British Women's Peace Crusade; Mrs. Thy name be regarded holy in this world; Tsune Gauntlett, an Organizer and Thoy good kingdom come in the world, Director, Japan Woman's Peace As- God; sociation. Mrs. Gauntlett is Japanese, In the world may heaven remain the wife of an Englishman, and to- gether with Miss Uta Hayashi showed ever established, 0 God; the memorial signed by 180,000 Jap- The earthly heaven attain one form, anese women in some twenty days, o God. which they were carrying in a huge As in heaven Thy wish, so in the world, Japanese basket to the London Con- ference on Reduction of Naval Arma- o King, ' ments. Move on; this ceaseless prayer we make After a welcome to the foreign to Thee. guests and responses by them, the opening address was by Mr. James G. Chorus: Come, blessed sisters, come, let McDonald, Chairman of the Foreign us praise Christ; Policy Association on "The Year's Outstanding Events." "Come, glory, glory, 0 Jesus!" Come, speak that sweet name. The first evening there was a ban- quet with two fine addresses by Gen- FIFTH CONFERENCE ON CAUSE eral Right Honorable Jan Christiaan Smuts, former Prime Minister, South AND CURE OF WAR African Union and member of Lloyd George's War Cabinet, on "Ten Year's In Washington, D. C., from January 14 to 17 the Fifth Conference 'on the Cause and Cure of War was held, attended by 555 delegates. It was pronounced the best, and there was general realization of the evident growth in knowledge on the part of delegates since the first of these annual conferences. The following national bodies cooperated in the Conference: American Association of University Women.

Council of Women for Home Missions. Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America. General Federation of Women's Clubs. National Board of the Young Women's Christian Associations.

March Toward Peace," and by Bishop other times his keen sense of humor Francis J. McConnell, President, Fed- made the discussion highly amusing. eral Council of the Churches of Christ in America, on "Philosophy of World This was followed on the next after- Unity." noon by a women's round table with the four foreign guests and Miss Ruth Other addresses brought out the Morgan as speakers and our own Mrs. changes and the growth in peace ma- Silverthorne as the "challenging pubchinery in the last decade, its strength lic." The points of view of Germany, and weakness, the economic aspects France, England, and Japan together and many other phases. with the United States were set forth ably, the afternoon bringing to the One morning the delegates were di- listeners great pleasure as well as a vided into four groups all discussing wealth of atmosphere and insight. the same questions-possible disputes and irritations that may cause war Thursday morning all went in delebefore the machinery for prevention gations by states to call on their senaof war is completed and how such pos- tors to present the copies of the sibilities may be avoided. Then in the following resolution which had been evening the four groups gave most pouring in from groups and meetings interesting reports of these discus- all over the United States: sions, followed by an address by Mrs. Catt on "Gaps in the Machinery of WHEREAS, We earnestly believe the ac- Peace" which was so enthusiastically cession of the United States to the Perreceived that it was immediately manent Court of International Justice is printed, copies being available before a consistent and necessary support to the the end of the Conference.* Kellogg Pact renouncing war, Therefore be it For several years the Conference has for part of the program followed Resolved, That we urge the Senate of the round table method of discussion the United States to ratify the World with several speakers seated on the Court Protocol promptly when presented, platform who differed more or less in order that this imperative part of the in their ideas of the subject under peace machinery of thl! nations may be consideration. Each of these speak- completed and the good faith of our own ers was an authority in his particular country toward the peace of the world field and might or might not differ stand unchallenged. widely from the other speakers in his conclusions. Each was free to chal- At the opening session the Conferlenge the statements of the other ence heartily and unanimously adopted speakers and by this interchange, the following Resolution on the World many aspects of the subject under Court: discussion were brought before the eager group of listeners. This year Grateful for the unprecedented ada "public inquirer" was injected into vance toward world peace during the the group, his part being to find the past ten years, and mindful of the new flaws in all the arguments. spirit and the new methods now mani- fest in world affairs, with which this One afternoon the delegates listened country is in hearty sympathy, the Conto such a round table discussion on the ference on the Cause and Cure of War problems of disarmament. The speak- transmits to the President of the United ers were all men and the "public in- States and to the Senate the following quirer" was so astute and naive in his resolution: questioning and backed by such a wealth of information as to be at WHEREAS, In January, 1926, the Unittimes almost embarrassing while at ed States applied for membership in the World Court, with certain reservations '* 'Vrite to Nationa.1 Committee on Canst' ancI which now have been acceptea by other member nations, thus safeguarding the Cnre of 'Var, 1511 Grand Central 'l'el'minal national interests of the United States; Bldg., New York City, for c()pi('-~ ,'rhich may and the President having caused the he had for postagE', 3 cents. protocols for the accession of the United States to the Court to be signed in No- vember, 1929, subject to ratification by the Senate, Therefore be it Resolved, That we, delegates to the Fifth Conference on the Cause and Cure of War, representing eleven of the larg-

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

est national women's organizations in the General Ahu United States, assure the President of the United States and the members of 1. To work for the strengthening of the Senate: peace machinery in order that security against war may be assured. 1st That we are convinced of the increasing sentiment throughout the coun- 2. To work for the demobilization of try in favor of the accession of the the war system as rapidly as, bit by bit, United States to the World Court, a sen- it can be replaced by effective peace matiment which is almost unanimous within chinery. our organizations, Specific Objectives 2d, That we intend to support in every possible way such action as will lead to 1. To promote understanding of the the completion of the process of acces- full implications of the General Pact for sion, the Renunciation of War and to study ways by which machinery can be built Sd, That we believe that early acces- for making it effective. sion of the United States to the Court will not only give greater effectiveness 2. To support the ratification by the to the Court, but will also afford evidence Senate of the protocols for the accession of the sincere purpose of our government of the United States to the World Court. to uphold its commitments made through the Paris Pact. S. To promote education on the sig- nificance of the Inter-American Arbitra- After the visits to senators on tion Treaty and to work for its ratifica- Thursday morning Mrs. Catt and the tion. President or I,me other representative of each of the eleven organizations 4. To study the position of the United went to the Executive Offices and pre- States in relation to the League of Nasented this resolution to President tions and to work toward the strengthen- Hoover in person. ing of cooperation with it.

The following resolution was also 5. To carryon our efforts directed toadopted by the Conference: ward greatest possible reduction of naval armaments at the London Naval Confer- That this Conference favor the great- ence, and to continue the education for a est possible reduction of naval arma- reduction of all types of armaments. ments at the London Conference, with immediate and total abolition of battle- 6. To study the economic problems ships and substantial reduction in other which endanger the relations of the naclasses of ships. tions, with especial emphasis on tariff policies and the competitive search for On the final evening Mrs. Catt raw materials and for markets.

quizzed the Conference using as basis 7. To study the problems which arise out of the intervention of the United two questionnaires which were on the States in weaker countries in its efforts printed program. These covered many to protect life and property. historical, technical, factual points and it was intensely interesting to note 8. To improve the methods of educahow well-informed the women have tion used by our member organizations in order that we may intelligently and become. effectively meet efforts which seem to be directed toward the continuance of the Mrs. Catt continues as General traditional war system. Chairman, Miss Josephine Schain having been made Administrative 9. To study the extent and effects of Chairman in order to relieve Mrs. military training in schools and colleges. Catt of all detail and administration. MEMORIAL TO THE LONDON CON- Groups interested in working for permanent peace are urged to study FERENCE ON NAVAL REDUCTION the following program adopted for 1930-1931 by the Conference, and to An SOS call was sent out by the begin now to plan to send a delegate to the next Conference which will be Committee on the Cause and Cure of held in Washington beginning Monday, January 19, 1931. War late in December to the eleven agencies cooperating in that Commit- tee. Word had come that Mme. Tsune Gauntlett and Miss Hayashi, of Japan, were on their way to London bearing a memorial to the Navy Conference with the signatures of 180,000 Japa- nese women, urging that body to do everything in its power to make wars

cease. It was the feeling of the Com- duplicates made in writing, typing, mittee on the Cause and Cure of War mimeographing, or with carbon extras, that American women should have the signed on the front, on the back, down opportunity to join in this demonstra- the sides, with extra pieces of white, tion. Therefore the following Memo- colored or wrapping paper pasted on rial was framed up: one or four edges of the original Me- morial. They came back by the hun- Memorial dreds from all but three States in the To the Conference on Naval Reduction Union, and bearing over ten thousand at London: signatures ~ altogether one glorious exhibition of the overwhelming desire It is our firm belief that the majority of Christian women of America that of the population in the United States peace should reign upon earth. is in steadfast agreement with the Paris Pact renouncing war and they are pre- These Memorials, together with pared to acclaim and support all acts of those of the other cooperating agencies the Conference which meet with their were placed in huge brief cases (could expectations. anything be more American?) and they were carried to the London Con- We, therefore, entreat the honorable ference by three American women delegates not to stay their deliberations who accompanied their Japanese sisuntil effective means have be~n found. ters, and who went at their own ex- pense. While the total number of To relieve the citizens of the Great signatures may not be equal to that Powers from the enormous and burdensome cost of the building and maintenance of naval armament no longer required.

To reduce naval armament among the of the Japanese women, American Great Powers to a point so low that our women were well represented in this own and other nations may feel secure against attack. demonstration for WorId Peace.

To end forever the competition in na- PRAYER FOR THE PEACE AND val building among the Great Powers. UNITY OF THE CHURCH And thus- To bring the relations of these Powers o God of Peace, Who through Thy into more genuine accord with the principles of the General Pact for the Re- Son J €Sus Christ didst set forth One nunciation of War. Faith for the salvation of mankind; The call was sent out to all the co- send Thy grace and heavenly lJlesBing operating agencies, giving but two upon all Christian people who are weeks to secure a response. The Fed- striving to draw nearer to Thee, and eration and Council sent these Memo- to each other, in the Unity of the rials to church boards and through Spirit and in the bond of peace. Give them to state, district and to some lo- us penitence for our divisions, wisdom cal organizations, also to the 1,700 lo- to know Thy truth, courage to do Thy cal interdenominational federations. will, love which shall break down the The response was overwhelming. barriers of pride and prejudice, and an There was a faint hope that these Me- unswerving loyalty to Thy Holy Name.

morials might be returned, signed in Suffer us not to shrink from any en- a neat and orderly manner to be bound deavour, which is in accordance with in neat books and presented to the Thy will, for the peace and unity of Conference, but the time being short Thy Church. Give us boldness to seek and the women being carried away by only Thy glory and the advancement their eagerness to sign this Peace Me- of Thy Kingdom. Unite us all in Thee morial, they came back signed in pen- as Thou, 0 Father, with Thy Son and cil, in ink, in red pencil, blue pencil the Holy Spirit, art One God, world or anything that would write, with without end. Amen.-Selected.

preaching, but is an integral part

the mission of the Church.-Dnyano- Medical Survey daya.

FIVE years ago the need of a sur- Christian Officials Increase in India vey of medical missions in India was presented to the members of the O Medical Missionary Association at its NE of the encouraging signs of the times in India, according to a meeting in Calcutta. This work has been completeQ and the following Presbyterian missionary, is the in- facts are taken from its report: At creasing number of Christians serving least one hundred million people in independently, in government posts India are without medical relief of an and even under nonChristian manage- approved sort. For example: in Cen- ment. Somehow conditions in India tral India there are 26 small states, have demanded in the past much fos- with a total 'population of 4,533,305, tering by missions, and it made a bar- in which there are no medical mis- rier between Christian and nonChris- sionaries. As for prevalent diseases: tian which is harmful, and robbed the death toll from plague and cholera some of the Christians of initiative in one decade alone (1915-24) totalled and self-reliance. Now the situation 2,375,857 and 3,187,885 respectively. is changing. In Saharanpur there is The record for "fevers" reached 50,- a large Hindu school with a Christian 327,407 for the same period. Dysen- head mistress and one Christian teach- t:!ries and diarrhceas claimed 2,382,- er. A Moslem girls' school has been 298 victims. Smallpox gives an aver- opened in Aligarh lately, where out of age of over 17,000 deaths a year. a staff of three, two are Christians.

Leprosy is more prevalent than for- In government schools and hospitals merly believed and probably affects Christians are found everywhere, nearly 1,000,000 people. Filarial dis- ease is widespread. Intestinal para- Admits Christianity a Force sites are very prevalent; hook worm REV. JOHN M'NEEL, of Seoni.

incidence in some regions is over 80 Chappara, gives two extracts from per cent; the round worm, or ascaris, a Hindu journal as evidence of admis- has been found in certain places to af- sion that Christianity is preparing feet more than 95 per cent of high the way for a better order. The writer school boys. The universal diseases,- of the first is President of the Hindu tuberculosis, influenza, syphilis, gon- Sabba, an organization having for its- orrhcea, pyorrhCEa and the eruptive chief object the preservation of the fevers of childhood-scarlet fever ex- Hindu religion. He says: cepted-produce much havoc. In 1918 The advocates of Bible teaching in the the influenza epidemic caused more schools only ask a respectful hearing to than seven million deaths. Under the half an hour's teaching in the message Government classification for Respira- of religion. Though this teaching does tory Diseases, where pneumonia must vneortsiimonmoefditahteelysturedseunltts,inI thhaevaecntuoaldocuonb-t that it is certainly undermining that be a large agent, 3,230,963 deaths were Aryan civilization and culture (i. e., the recorded for the decade formerly Hindu religion) which are our most vaalturiefdlininghqeurietsatniocnes.of Thhaolfughhouirt'smtaeyacbhementioned. The conclusion reached ing, still it is to us a question of life and medl·Ca1 work . not and sh ould is that IS not be a mere adjunct to the work of 5 305

death. What the Mohammedans could uate of the Woman's Medical College. not achieve by swords, the missionaries Philadelphia, and sent out by Methodare attempting by half hour's teaching. ist women. She sailed November 3, One is surprised to find the success 1869, and arrived in Bareilly the folwhich they have secured during the lowing January. There she practiced comparatively short period of their and taught with such success that work. Though actual conversions are within two years a native prince, the not many, I am afraid that the whole Nawab of Rampore, had given the misfield has been thoroughly undermined. sion a great estate for a hospital, the It is, therefore, our bounden duty to first in all Asia for women and chilprotect our religion from being com- dren. pletely destroyed.

The second quotation is from an editorial in the same paper. The edi- tor is a liberal-minded Hindu, but he Youth in Ceylon comes to the same conclusion: UNDER the direction of the South No reasonable man can deny that India United Church, over 900 boys and girls with their 100 teachers Christian missionaries have d~ne great participated in a Sunday-school Rally service to India in the field of education. at UduviI, Ceylon. It is true that their motive is religious conversion, but that need not deter us Burma C. E. from recognizing what the missionaries have done for India. Having said all ENDEAVORERS in Burma are takthis, we think that the missionaries ing an increasingly larger share should realize that the demand for the in spreading the Gospel in its many introduction of a conscience clause is phases. In more than 300 villages, not based on mere opposition to their re- young people are being trained in ligion. With the advance of education, Christian doctrine and service in there is a growing tendency for men of the Christian Endeavor societies. The one religion to study the life-history of Karen Christian Endeavor unions supthe founders of other religions and to port as many as fifty pastors, teachers, understand the truths revealed in them. Bible women and special workers. Such voluntary study is better and far Their endowment funds total 10,000 more fruitful than any compulsory rupees. Annually several thousand study could be. The Nehru Committee rupees are expended in spreading the has recommended the introduction of a Gospel. Many races and languages conscience clause in the Constitution of unite in the Burma Christian Endeavthe country. One of the articles em- or Union. Twelve thousand members, bodied in the scheme says that "no per- Burmese, Karen, Talaing, Chinese, Inson attending any school receiving State dian, Kachin and European, are workaid or other public money shall be com- ing "for Christ and the Church." One pelled to attend the religious instruction result is the ease in getting young that may be given in the school." The people in high school, college, and semrecommendation has not met with the inary to give their time and strength approval of the Christians, and it is true to week-end gospel-team campaign that it will affect Christian institutions trips. Several thousand decisions for the most. But the time has now come a better Christian life have been made when compulsory Bible teaching should in one year by these teams of young give place to voluntary methods. No people. school receiving State aid or other public money should compel any person to receive religious instruction. This will apply practically to all mission schools in India. The Christian missions in India should be prepared for the great change that cannot be delayed for long.

Medical Women in India rJl3E Oxford Press has recently is- Lord Lytton on Missions -1 sued a volume on "The Work of Medical Women in India," in which LORD LYTTON, formerly secretary America is justly given the credit of for India, Governor of Bengal and sending the first qualified woman phy- Viceroy of India, has this to say of the work of the missionary: sician to India. She was Clara A. Swain, M.D., of Castile, N. Y., a grad- All the missionaries whom I have known, from Anglicans to American

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Baptists and British Salvationists, throw Calcutta, where there was a marked themselves into their work with the de- lack of public enthusiasm, the efforts votion of a life-long consecration to a of the organizers were regarded more high task. This atmosphere of surrender as a spectacle than as a serious po- to a great purpose pervades all their liticalevent. In Bombay a largely at- work. When one visits, as I have done, tended meeting was held, but the pro- their mission colleges, mission schools, ceedings were broken up when the mission hospitals, mission orphanages, or platform was invaded by a thousand mission technical schools, one realizes mill hands belonging to the red fiag how completely different is the orienta- unions. At Dacca (Bengal) commu- tion of life in these institutions from that nal rioting betwetn Hindus and Mo- of corresponding government establish- hammedans broke out as a direct ments. In the latter, all work is done as result of the demonstrations, and at part of an official duty, the regular Ahmedabad (Bombay) the demon- routine that must be accomplished. In strators had to be protected by the the missionary undertakings it is impos- police against Mohammedan attacks. sible not to realize and to appreciate the spirit of service to humanity inspired by LATIN AMERICA the Christian ideal that pervades the whole life and work of the place. Chile Honors Mission Institution I have felt it a privilege on a few occa- THE Presbyterian Board of Foreign sions to bear testimony in public to the Missions, 156 Fifth Avenue, New noble and self-sacrificing work of these York, has received from Rev. E. G. men and women who have gone to India Seel, Santiago, Chile, the following re- for the sake of her people, and will live port: and die in that country in discharge of their noble vocation. I may best sum up "The Instituto Ingles has just been my feeling about them by repeating what granted a very special privilege by the I wrote home soon after I arrived in Chilean Government. Among other India: "The red carpet which is spread advantages, it involves the right- to for me at official functions would be more examine and promote our secondary fittingly laid under the feet of the mis- students without the supervision or sionary men and women whom I am intervention of the official examining meeting from time to time." commissions. This right is not en- joyed by any other private school or India". "IndepeDdence Day" mission institution in Chile, and car- ries with it, together with a proof of REPORTS from India indicate that the government's confidence in us, a the "Independence Day" demon- large responsibility for the faculty strations on January 26, did not meet and director." .with the success that their promoters led the public to expect, and that they Shepherds of Patagonia can in no way be described as "enthusiastic all over India." Apart from ST. ANDREW'S Scots Church of the fact that the demonstrations were Buenos Aires, Argentina, sent its in the main confined to the principal assistant minister to visit the scatcenters, the people of the Indian tered Presbyterians _in Patagonia. states, numbering some seventy mil- Scottish families are scattered far and lions, were, of course, outside their wide in that thinly settled land, most scope, and the seventy millions of Mo- of them engaged in sheep raising. hammedans in the British provinces Some of the ranches are very large, as also in general, held aloof. A promi- many' as 150,000 sheep being sheared nent part in such demonstrations as in a season. The delegate traveled occurred was taken by stUdents, and 5,630 miles, preaching, baptizing, adthe policy of the provincial govern- mitting catechumens and celebrating ments was to allow the participants the Holy Communion. It is worthy of every opportunity to let off steam, and note that this church circulates 885 not to interfere unless a breach of the peace were involved.

In some places there were indications of enthusiasm, but in Madras the demonstration fell fiat, and even in

copies, monthly, of Life and Work, the Mission Exhibit official magazine of the Church. of Scotland.-Presbyterian Magazine. T HE Belgian colonial ministry has placed well-located space at the dis- Working Toward Peace position of Protestant missions for ex- hibits at the large international and THE Rector of the University of colonial fair to be held at Antwerp Mexico recently sent a remarkable throughout the summer of 1930, on message to the University of Guate- the occasion of the 100th anniversary mala. As reported by the Associated of Belgium's nationhood. Dr. Henri Press the rector advocated "the es- Anet, Agent de liaison des Missions tablishment of international or Pan- Protestantes au Congo, 34 rue de American universities with instructors Stassart, Brussels, Belgium, will be in and students drawn from all the coun- general charge of the arrangements tries. These universities should study there. pacific means of solving international problems; inquire into the methods All Protestant missions in Congo now used by the mighty to exploit the are warmly invited to participate in humble; study a plan of economic ex- this effort, exhibits of all possible changes based on cooperation and not phases of the missions' work being deexploitation of for e i g n markets; sired. Wide publicity all over Europe preach that exploitation of man by is being given to this centenary celeman is contrary to the principles of bration and a good many hundreds of humanity and that materialism as a thousands of people are likely to visit fundamental means of power never has it. The opportunity of making known been a durable base for great democ- the large work of Protestant missions racies." They should "oppose without to a public hitherto but little informed regard to nationalities the attempts of of it, is almost unique. one country to sacrifice another." A Mass Protest EUROPE A NONPOLITICAL Christian Pro- Athens Graduates Active test Committee has been formed in England "to assist the Christian OF THE nineteen living graduates churches of all denominations in Great of the Athens School of Religion, Britain to protest effectively against Greece, one has continued graduate the continued persecution of religion work in religious education, one in so- in Russia." A meeting was held in cial studies as a holder of a Fellowship Albert Hall, London, December 19, atin the Institute for Higher Interna- tended by eight thousand or more in tional Studies, Geneva, and the seven- which the following resolution was teen remaining are actively engaged submitted: as preachers, teachers, community and Bible workers, Y. M. C. A. secretaries, "That this meeting of worshippers directors of young people's societies of Almighty God vehemently protests and clubs, as well as editorial workers against the persistent and cruel perin Armenian literature and the prep- secution of our fellow-worshippers in aration of Sunday-school lessons for Russia, and especially against the sup- Armenian children. Their areas of pression of religious instruction of the service are wide, including Greece, young, and calls upon all believers in Macedonia, Bulgaria, Syria and Egypt. God and lovers of liberty throughout Most of the students, while at the the world to pray and work without School of Religion, are at work in the ceasing for the complete religious freecity in all kinds of social and church dom of the people of Russia. That the groups which provide a working lab- British Government be urged to make oratory for the theory of the class- the strongest possible representations rooms. to the Soviet Government to bring this persecution to an end. That copies of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

this protest be forwarded to the heads conditions and our enrolment of con- of all civilized governments." verts has to be made one by one, but the Gospel is being perseveringly New Evangelical Movements carried by the Societe Centrale Evan- gelique, the 'Cause,' the 'McAll Mis- AN ENCOURAGING and hopeful sion' as well as by the various 'Home sign for the future is seen in the Mission Committees' working in conmany new evangelical movements nection with our Regional Synods and springing up in Czechoslovakia, Po- Presbyteries. land and other countries. In most cases these have been started by re- "The 'McAll Mission' under a new turning immigrants from America, direction is making considerable proand have developed in a somewhat gress. Its Gospel boats and motor haphazard fashion, getting financial cars have not only attracted large support from America wherever and crowds, but they have been the means whenever they could. The need is for of constituting several groups for the preachers, for the training of young study of the Scriptures. Bible colnative students for the ministry, for portage has been an important and chapel buildings and Sunday-school growing feature of the week." equipment, and religious periodicals in the native dialect. It is also becom- AFRICA ing increasingly apparent that some effort should be made at coordinating A ugnstana Mission the various movements, together with their respective backers, in order to THE Augustana Synod is developing avoid overlapping. The Central Bu- the Iramba Territory in Africa reau for Relief of Evangelical which it entered in a very energetic Churches of Europe plans to help manner after an agreement with the build up a native Ukrainian Evangel- Leipzig Mission. There are now in ical Church, and not. to encourage sec- this field 5 missionaries, one male tarianism. The people here flock to physician and 2 women doctors, tohear the Gospel preached; it is a field gether with 3 nurses. The work has "white to the harvest." been extended into adjoining areas and the evangelization is progressing well. Changes in F ..ance Education so far has not been feasable, but at present 16 young Iramba people REV. MERLE D' AUBIGNE, Presi- are preparing for teaching in the dent of the Societe Centrale Evan- school at Marangu, so that the prosgelique, reports that conditions in pects for native teachers are very France have undergone complete favorable. transformation since the war. He says: "The materialistic, agnostic Habbe Fetichists philosophy which reigned supreme for 50 years has been replaced by one FRENCH West Africa has an unmore respectful to the Christian faith. reached tribe, all of whom are fetich The Catholic Church which had lost worshippers and as yet untouched by its hold on the masses is developing Mohammedanism. The 860 villages of activity in all spheres, and has, in a this Habhe tribe have a population of measure, retrieved its losses. 200,000, the largest village having 13,000 – the cliff dweIlers of Africa. "This change of atmosphere is nat- Human sacrifice is even yet practiced urally affecting our own work. The by these little-known tribesmen. days are past, when mass movements towards Protestantism took place ADlbitious Shepherd Boys among the Roman Catholic population, and ex-priests sought admittance into THE shepherd boys of Zululand have our Reformed ministry. Our propa- as much ambition to improve themganda has to adapt itself to the new selves as any other group. In one of the native villages of South Africa,

not far from Durban, the wife of a 1. Exploration of the best means of native government official has started furthering and realizing the evan- a night school for twenty of these keen gelistic aims of Christian missions in little herd boys. She began with the Africa.

group as a Sunday-school class once a 2. The development of a program of week, but the brightness of her pupils Christian education as a means of real- made it necessary for her to include izing this missionary purpose, with two nights a week. The boys would special reference to religious educa- like to have it four or five nights a tion, Africa's womanhood and home week, but fear of the wild animals life, African leadership, and rural which lurk along the paths after dark communities. This involves also the keeps many of the younger ones away. study of the educational policy of gov- In another section a native ex-police- ernments, and of the relation between man has opened up a day school, with the educational policy of missions and forty pupils. In addition, he has a that of governments.

night school for the benefit of the little 3. The development of a health pro- herd boys. He has built a hut, where gram for African missions.

they gather for evening lessons and re- 4. Furtherance of the work of the main all night safely, arising early the International Committ€e on Christian next morning to take out their flocks. Literature for Africa.

This policeman opened these two 5. Cooperation with other agencies schools on his own initiative, and is in the endeavor to understand, con- endeavoring to bring his day school up serve and develop what is valuable in to government standards in order to African culture.

gain recognition and government 6. Occupation of the field and avoid- grants-in-aid. ance of overlapping.

7. The encouragement and develop- Prizes Oft:'ered ment of Christian councils in the Con- OF INTEREST to missionaries in tinent of Africa and cooperation with Africa are the prizes being of- existing councils. fered by the International Institute 8. The relations of missions and for African Languages and Cultures governments.

for the best books in five different 9. The bringing to bear of Christian African languages. This is done to influence for the establishment of encourage the production of African . right racial relations, and cooperation literature. For 1930 priZES are of· for this purpose with the proposed In- fered for manuscripts in Xosa, Swa- dustrial Institute.

hili, Hava, Kongo and Akan (Twi or 10. Prayer for the raising up of Fante). Each book must contain be- men and women of outstanding gifts tween 40,000 and 60,000 words; must for positions of leadership in Africa, be written by an African, and manu- and support for efforts in different scripts must reach the office of the countries to secure for African mis- Institute, 22 Craven Street, London sionaries the best possible equipment W. C., England, by October 1, 1930. for their task.

The Institute hopes that missionaries and others in contact with Africans Medical Training for Blacks D who might compete will do all they canURING the past year a committee appointed by the government in to make these prizes known. Each year the languages will be different. South Africa has been working on the matter of training nationals in medi- Problems of the Black Continent cine and public health. Their report, rrHE International Missionary Coun- now out, recommends emphatically cil Committee has approved of in- that provision must be made for such ternational cooperation along the training.

following lines: The committee likewise recommends

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

that this training shall equal in every Peacham church on December 17. way that given white students in the Born in Tokio 45 years ago and edu- medical schools of South Africa and cated in the public schools of that Great Britain; that the Africans shall city and Kyoto, he followed with two pass the same examinations and have years in the Presbyterian College. the same qualifications and standing When 18 years old he came to the as the white medical students; that United States and took a course in the first year of the medical course be theology at the University of Kentaken in the S. A. N. C. at Port Hare, tucky at Lexington. He began his and the remaining years in the Uni- ministry at Asheville, N. C., where for versity of Witwatersrand in Johannes- three and one half years he was pastor burg. of the Church of Christ. From there he went to Baltimore to participate As yet the government has not acted in the laymen's missionary movement, on this report. The missionaries at speaking from coast to coast in the Durban Hospital feel that if it is ac- interests of this enterprise. Dr. cepted the chief difficulty will come in Minakuchi is a recognized authority finding the funds to erect buildings on Far Eastern questions and a close to carryon such a school. student of the great racial and other problems of the Pacific. NORTH AMERICA Call for Bilingual Preachers Foothold for,HinduiaDl CANADIAN Baptist churches are A H I N D U publication, Vedanta calling for bilingual preachers. KBsari, rejoices that Vedantic These ministers are especially needed ideals are being disseminated in the in the great reaches of the provinces U. S. Recently another Swami has of Quebec and Ontario, where the joined the one in charge of the Vedan- English population is dwindling owing ta Society in Portland, Oregon. Says to the· steady drift toward large this editor: centers of industry, and the incoming of other races and faiths-particularly "Both are regularly holding classes French – speaking immigrants. The and delivering lectures every week for churches already in these sections are the spread of the Vedantic ideals and at present presided over by pastors it is gratifying to note that the attend- speaking English, and the services are ance is daily on the increase. The in English. These churches, conseneed of active workers for the propa- quently, cannot reach the newcomers. gation of the truths of Hinduism and But they should not be allowed to cease especially those of the Vedanta in the to function. Home missionaries who West can hardly be exaggerated. For can speak French as well as English it is through this kind of missionary could meet the needs of the bilingual activities that the true ideals of our population in these communities, and cultural life can be implanted in the COUld not only retain the influence of Western minds and the queer and the churches in providing spiritual wrong notions entertained by them help and inspiration, but could also about our life and culture can be re- serve to weld the differing forces of moved. We sincerely believe that vig- race. orous efforts in this line shall produce their desired result. May the Lord Five-Year Religious CaDlpaign bless the activities of the new Swami with success." AN INTENSIVE five-year program VerDlont Has Japanese Pastor .tl of religious education for chil- THE Congregational church at dren of the city, planned by the Fed- Peacham, Vt., has the distinction eration of Churches for Greater New of having as its pastor a noted J apa- York, has been officially started. Pernese scholar and orator, Dr. Yutaka sons interested in the cause of Chris- Minakuchi, who began his work in the

tian education are asked to aid in the differences have arisen, but it is clear development of an endowment of at that originally these languages had a least $1,000,000, which will be used common base. About one third of the to assist local churches in obtaining Keres words are the same as are used trained directors of religious educa- in Japan today, though on account of tum, and to operate more unified sys- the influx of Chinese into the Japanese tems of daily, Sunday and vacation language it is far richer now than the schools. Nearly 700,000 children in Keres." So far as known, this is the New York City receive no systematic first attempt ever made to write the religious instruction. The purpose of language. The dictionary will shortly the five-year plan is to "restore reli- be ready for the first revision.

gion to its rightful place in the total educational scheme of the child, to set "Fellowship of Prayer"

1 religious education on the same plane 'HIS year "The Fellowship of Prayer" begins its second decade of efficiency as the public school, and to obtain a regular, full-time, trained as a movement for the devotional ob- teaching staff, who will receive a re- servance of the pre-Easter or Lenten muneration comparable to that re- season. Printed first as a daily Lenten ceived in general education." feature by "The Standard," New Bed- The Protestant Teachers' Associa- ford, Mass., in 1923, each succeeding tion will cooperate with the board in year has seen other papers also mak- working out the plan, particularly in ing the Scripture, meditation and the endeavor to recruit a full staff of prayer of the "Fellowship" manual a competent instructors, who will be daily feature during the weeks before chosen on the basis of their consecra- Easter. The devotions were printed tion and technical preparation. daily last year in 341 cities and towns of the United States and Canada, by New Pueblo Dietionary newspapers with a total daily circula- I N THE past fifty years. several tion of 4,707,778. More than 600,000 Protestant denominations h a v e copies of the "Fellowship's" manual made earnest attempts to evangelize of suggested daily devotions were re- the Pueblos, but efforts were baffled quested by pastors last year for the by the language. Several years ago use of the members of their congrega- the Rev. H. C. Whitener, formerly tions. The movement is under the di- missionary to Japan, when visiting rection of the Commission on Evan- New Mexico, was impressed with the gelism and Life Service of the Federal remarkable similarity between certain Council of the Churches of Christ.

words in the Pueblo tongue and the The writer of the Manual this year is Japanese language. He became inter- Rev. Jay T. Stocking, of St. Louis, ested in them and last July saw him Mo., and is furnished in quantities of on the field as missionary. The first 25 or more by the Federal Council, 105 tasks to which he set himself were to E. 22d St., New York, at 2c each.

acquire a knowledge of the language, to visit the Pueblos, and now the Interracial Cooperation T preparation of a grammar and a HE Commission on Interracial Co- operation has inaugurated a cam- Keres dictionary, which will contain upwards of 10,000 words when com- paign for $1,360,000 to continue its pleted. The dictionary will make pos- work for another ten years. A com· sible a translation of the Bible. mittee of nationally-known philan- Of the language Mr. Whitener thropists, educators and religious writes: "The Keres, with which I am leaders is sponsoring the campaign, now working, is an oriental language, and two pledges aggregating $500,000 cognate with Japanese, Korean, and have already been received-$400,000 the language of the Loochoo Islands. from the Spelman Fund and $100,000 Of course, during the centuries great from the Rosenwald Fund. The bene-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ficiary of the campaign, popularly A similar change has been going on known as the Interracial Commission, with regard to education inside and was organized by a group of Southern outside of Mormon lines. The first leaders in 1919 in the hope of check- vital impulse given to free school and ing the wave of interracial conflict high school education came from the that spread across the country at that missionary teaching force. During time, resulting in numerous destruc- the eighties the Gentile element was tive race riots, North and South. fighting its way to influence, especially After meeting this emergency, it set in Salt Lake City and Ogden, and in out upon a constructive program of 1890 it organized the Liberal Party interracial adjustment, including the and got control of these two cities. correction of oppressive conditions affecting Negroes and the improvement Dr. J. F. Milspaugh, then principal of those interracial attitudes out of of the Salt Lake Collegiate Institute, which unfavorable conditions grow. A was elected superintendent of public far-reaching educational program is schools for Salt Lake City. He re- ~onducted through the press, religious signed his mission school position, and, and civic organizations, in schools and backed by the Gentile Council and colleges, and from the platform, and Board of Education, he revolutionized deals with specific situations through the whole public school system of Salt a large number of state and local Lake County. He so raised the standinterracial committees. Its work has ard of teaching that more than half attracted favorable attention through- of the young and old Mormon teachers out the United States and abroad. In failed to qualify; brought teachers South Africa a similar movement is from the East to fill their places, lowell under way. cated and erected modern school buildings, and set the pace for the GENERAL development of the secondary and high school system of Utah. It was Mormonism Changing nearly a decade before the Mormons fell into line and got back of the pub- T HE Mormon Church has changed lic schools and high schools. Now, its attitude towards the practice however, they are proudly claiming Df medicine. It is only during this credit for Utah's low percentage of generation that Mormon leaders have illiteracy. There is also a changed atencouraged their young men to study titude towards education in nonmedicine. This policy of sending Mormon institutions outside of Moryoung Mormons East to our medical mondom. Not only is it encouraging schools, which was inaugurated about young people of promise to go East 1900, is one of the more noteworthy for medical training, but hundreds of fruits of Gentile influence. Before the young Mormons have been encouraged eighties the Mormons had few phy- to supplement the training they have sicians and surgeons, and no hospitals. received in Mormon academies and The first hospitals were founded by junior colleges by a year or more of the Episcopalians and Roman Catho- study in non-Mormon schools. lics. When, in 1895, Dr. Groves, a Mormon physician, left $75,000 to- Openings for Missiona.ry Service wards the founding of a Latter Day Saints hospital, many of the Mor- THE January issue of the Student mons opposed its establishment. They Volunteer Movement Bulletin conclaimed that it would minimize the tains a complete exhibit of the openprestige of the priesthood as healers. ings and opportunities for missionary But the church leaders, after some de- service as revealed by reports from lay, accepted the legacy and supple- most of the mission boards. Some mented it, and hospitals have since Boards had not reported when the been erected in Salt Lake City, and compilation was made. Hence the also in Pocatello, Idaho. openings are actually more numerous

than reported. Yet, on the basis of meet to study the laws dealing with official reports, 94 Boards and sending the services of the Temple. In some agencies list 1,706 specific openings literature which this Seminary has for 1930. Of the total, 511 are pro- disseminated appear these words: visional upon the receipt of funds not "The glorious day will soon come when yet assured, but 1,195 are definite op- the Temple will be erected anew and portunities, 1,168 of these being in the sacredotal rites again be introforeign fields. Summarized, the open- auced. The Temple will stand as a. ings call for 274 ordained men, 135 token of glory and majesty to Israel men for educational work, 70 for med- and a torch of light to the whole ical work and 33 for miscellaneous ac- world." The British United Press retivities. Women are also needed-169 ported recently from Jerusalem that for evangelistic and social work, 305 "widespread rumors have been conas teachers, 134 in medical work and firmed that the specified parts of the 39 for miscellaneous purposes. De- Temple have already been manufactails may be secured by writing Mr. tured or prepared in many countries, Oscar W. Sedam, Candidate Secretary, and are waiting and ready to be trans- 419 Fourth Avenue, New York. ported to Palestine and assembled at a moment's notice. A large group of Orthodox Churehes to Hold Conference Jerusalem Jews have petitioned the League of Nations for a portion of the AT EASTE.R of this year, represent- old Temple site to be awarded to the atives of all the various auto- Jewish nation."-Alliance Weekly. cephalous churches that make up the Orthodox communion are to assemble Persi..'" Shah Starts Reforms at Mount Athos, there to "examine the condition of the Orthodox World, and PERSIA seems more ready to adopt to prepare in all ways possible for the change than her neighbor to the assembling of a general council, at East, Afghanistan; and so far the some future and speedy date." There Shah, a forceful man, has been able to are 22 autonomous churches in the carry forward his program of modern- East, vastly different in size and im- ization in spite of some protest. Cenportance, yet recognizing each other tury-old streets, narrow, crooked and as self-governing elements in one body. dirty, have been replaced by wide and Such a gathering as the one proposed imposing avenues. Straight lines is entirely new, and means that the have been drawn ruthlessly, marking whole Orthodox communion is not for destruction buildings of all sorts, only beginning to face new problems, including mosques. One big one was but is also beginning to think of itself torn down in Tabriz and three in in a new way. Urumia. Moslem cemeteries have also been disturbed by this march of prog- The following is a list of the Ortho- ress. If these sacred spots had been dox churches of today, which date thus desecrated a few years ago, pubtheir founding from almost every cen- lic riots and bloodshed would have retury from the first to the twentieth: suIted. He has also given an order Constantinople, Antioch, Alexandria, that residents of cities, within a year Jerusalem, Cyprus, Sinai, Yugoslavia, of his edict, and residents of villages, Bulgaria, Greece, Roumania, Russia, within two years, should all adopt, to Georgia, Poland, Ukrania, Finland, Es- a large extent, European dress. thonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Czecho- Slovakia, Albania, North America, and In the heart of Teheran every Sun- Japan. day, a preaching service is held in the Persian language at 9 a. m., and an- WESTERN ASIA other in English at 11: 15. All who wish to attend are cordially welcome. Jerusalem and the Temple At the 9 o'clock service, Moslems, As- syrians, Jews, Christians and non- T HERE has been opened in Jeru- salem a Seminary of the Law of the Priests. Here priests and rabbis

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Christians attend. Formerly mission- been reopened. Announcement has aries used to conduct this service, but also been made that the new governnow eight Persians take turn. ment has decided to take over the pur- chases made by former king, Amanul- One of the most significant factors lah, when he visited Germany, and for in this spread of the Gospel is the which a credit company loaned him growing volume of Christian liter- several millions of marks, and pay the ature. In addition to the Bible, there debt.-AUiance Weekly. is a long list of publications issued by the Inter-Mission Literature Commit- College Endowment Fund tee of Persia. There are pamphlets to arouse interest and thought under THE Near East College Association such titles as "From Islam to Christ," announced on January 2d, that it "Sin and Its Cure," "The Way of the had completed its endowment fund of Sevenfold Secret," "What Is Reli- $15,000,000 for its six colleges: the gion?" "The Source of Power in Re- American University of Beirut; ligion," "Influence in Rei i g ion," Robert College, Constantinople; Con- "Religion Related to Social Questions," stantinople Woman's College; the "What Is Faith in God 'I" There are International College of Smyrna; the expositions of Scripture and Commen- American College of Sofia, and Athtaries: "Kanamori's Three Hour ens College, Greece. Over sixteen Sermon," "Introduction to the Books thousand persons contributed to the of the Bible," "Commentary on Mat- fund, including alumni and former thew, on Romans, on Hebrews," "Bible students of the colleges, and many Dictionary." Among devotional titles American friends. In connection with are "Pilgrim's Progress," "The Life the fund, a group in Pasadena has· of Christ," "The Life of Sadhu Sun- founded the Millikan Chair of Science dar Singh." The needs of childhood at the American University of Beirut, are provided for also with some beau- while Prof. J. R. Jewett of Harvard tifully illustrated books. has endowed a Chair of Arabic at: Beirut. Progress in Afghanistan T HE intense cold and heavy snow- ISLANDS falls of winter have not deterred the new king, Nadir Khan, from con- Sunday-schools Reorganized tinuing the formation of the regular army, and the sending of new troops T HE ninth national convention of to protect outlying points. New ap- the Philippine Council of Religiouspointments in the administrative sys- Education was held in Union Theo– tem are being announced, and influen- logical Seminary in Manila, Nov. 8-10. tial men are being put into office and Dr. Robert M. Hopkins, general secsent to their own tribes. This plan retary of the World's Sunday-schoof is meeting with success. According to Association, was present, bringing inhis brother, the minister to England, spiring messages and wise counseL the king advocates a policy of educa- Dr. A. L. Ryan, the president of Union tional progress and the introduction of Seminary, who has given several years such reforms as the people may de- of thoroughly constructive work to the sire. Special attention is being given secretaryship of the Philippine Counto industrial development. He is also cil, was made chairman of the execuseeking friendly relations with other tive committee, leaving the generaI nations, especially his neighbors, secretaryship to be filled from native' Great Britain and Russia. The ambas- leadership when a competent man can sador of the latter country is now at be found and financed. The reorgan- Kabul. The air service between Af- ization of the Council begun March, ghanistan and Russia appears to have 1929, was completed, and a budget: of $5,475 adopted.

Filipino Eucharistic Congress hai that "cannibalism is practiced unchecked in the famine provinces." T HE first National Eucharistic Con- gress of the Philippines, held last Five Year Program December was perhaps the largest Christian gathering ever held in the AT THE recent Annual Meeting of Far East. Among the important ac- .tl. the National Christian Council of tion taken during the sessions was the passage of a resolution by the Colon China, it was decided that the whole Students' Congress, requesting the Christian Church in China should in- Legislature to pass a law providing augurate a "Five Year Movement" of for religious instruction in the public evangelism, with the following two schools. A resolution asking all the objectives: delegates to pray for the freedom of the country from American control, "The cultivation among Christians was adopted by the men's conference. of a deeper knowledge of Christ, of a The priests' conference declined to more intimate fellowship with Him, consider an independence resolution. and of a more courageous following of Him in all the relationships of life. CHINA "The carrying out of a vigorous For Child Welfare evangelistic program in the hope that within the next five years the number I N FIFTEEN high schools of China, of Christians will at least be doubled." during the next few weeks, Ameri- can-prepared courses in child hygiene As the Chinese Church is achieving and child care will be introduced as self-direction, there naturally arise the first steps in the program of China many questions relating to church and Child Welfare, Inc., and the National mission relationships. The future of Child Welfare Association of China. the Christian Movement in China de- Outside the city of Nanking-new pends upon the right Christian solu- Chinese capital-seven acres of land tion to these problems, so as to enable have been set aside by the government the younger Church in China and the . for the establishment of a child wel- missionaries of the older Churches in fare demonstration center. As a part the West to carryon in the spirit of {)f the same general plan, the nation- whole-hearted cooperation. alists are outlining plans for the es- tablishment of juvenile courts on a Brigands Active in Interior modern plan. CHINA'S bandit menace, which is <lold Wave Takes Toll nationwide, is one of the principal reasons for paralyzed domestic com- A COLD wave, the most severe in merce, which in turn is causing the sixty years, has swept across a country's depreciated currency crisis. large portion of China with the grav- Undeterred by the Government, thou- ~st results. Famine areas have been sands of bandits are roaming the the hardest hit, as thousands of the country and besieging cities, organ- undernourished died from exposure. ized in military fashion and equipped One town reports the death of 2,500; with machine guns. Many mission- another, 2,000. Huge ice blocks aries have been kidnapped in the hope formed in the Han River. These de- of gaining ransom. Widespread ban- stroyed thousands of junks, and dit and Communist disorders have caused death by drowning of hun- been reported along the Middle Yang- dreds. It is estimated that above tse Valley between Hankow and the 15,000 lives have been lost through the border of Szechwan Province, menac- intense cold. A missionary from the ing foreign shipping as well as native west reported to a group of British officials and merchants. Foreign ship- ;and American missionaries in Shang- ping between Hankow and Chungking carries armed guard as a precaution against piracy.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Adopts Church Covenant ing of the Japanese ban against Prot- estant Christian missions. Prior to THE Shunteh District Council of that time, Christianity was known as the Church of Christ in China has "Jashu Mon" (the evil sect). The adopted the following covenant, to large auditorium, recently built by the which all applicants for baptism must city of Tokyo, was crowded by 4,000 subscribe: Christians, who had come to express their gratitude for the work of Chris- 1. I believe in the Lord and Creator tianity in forwarding the new Japan. of Heaven and earth, Father, Son and Governmental appreciation was also Holy Spirit, as the only true God. there, in the persons of several officials of Tokyo. The Japanese are looking 2. I recognize myself as a trans- to their Christian leaders for protecgressor and sinner, without ability to tion against the teachings and ideas save myself, and deserving, after of Communism which have been introdeath, to perish. duced into that country.

3. I believe in the Lord Jesus Checking "T. B." Ravages Christ, the only begotten Son of God, who carne down to earth, died on the PROF. S. H. MARTIN, missionary cross, rose, ascended to the right hand of the United Church of Canada of the Heavenly Father, and shall re- and professor of medicine in the Sevturn to judge all races, and I recog- erance Union Medical College, Seoul, nize Him as my Saviour. Korea, has found by examination that more than 9 per cent of the students 4. I believ~ in the Lord's Holy in Christian Colleges of Seoul have Spirit, as the one who has changed my incipient tubercular trouble. With heart and regenerated me as a child the future leadership of the Christian of God. Church in Korea so seriously menaced, Dr. Martin has obtained strong sup- 5. I promise not to worship false port for the establishment of a special gods and not to practice evil customs. ward of 20 beds in Severance Hospital for the sun treatment of the disease. 6. I promise to observe the Lord's Two years ago he introduced the treat- Day, study the Bible, and to pray ment, placing cots on the hospital roof daily. with resultant cures.

7. I promise to be a self-supporting Seventieth Anniversary of Missions church member, to contribute to the support of the church, to attend church T HE celebration of 70 years of regularly, and to study the prosperity Christian work since the coming of and peace of the Church. Protestant missionaries to Japan was held in the Tokyo city hall on Novem- 8. I promise to hearken to the ad- ber 6th. Messages of felicitation were monition of my pastor and elders. read :from many in high position throughout the empire, and representa- 9. I promise through holy words tives of the government were present. and actions to lead people to believe Missionaries and Japanese pastors who the truth and receive eternal life. had served the kingdom for 50 years or more were recognized and honored. 10. I sincerely depend upon the Emphasis was laid throughout the cel- Saviour to bear forth the fruits of the ebration upon the need of a vigorous Spirit, which are: love, joy, peace, evangelistic spirit in the church in long-suffering, mercy, goodness, truth, these trying times, and hearty en- dorsement was given the Kingdom of meekness, self-control. God campaign now under way.

JAPAN-KOREA Christianity Reviewed A T A recent meeting of the National .t. Christian Council of Japan, M. Nishiyama, head of the Religious Bureau of the Department of Education, reviewed the progress of Christianity in Japan. November 6, 1929, marked the seventieth anniversary of the lift-

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Directory of Christian Missions in India, of all the missionary societies, schools, colleges, medical work, orphanages, llurma and Ceylon. 1928-1929. Com- periodicals, etc., and the details of the piled by Rev. A. McLeish. Ajmer, In- National Christian Council organiza- dia. 399 pp. Scottish Mission In- tion. It also gives for each state or dustries Co., Ltd. Poona, India. province the area, population, Roman Catholic and Protestant Christian ad- This directory is also a survey of herents, societies and workers in each Christian missionary occupation. It city, town or village and the names of is carefully compiled (though there the unoccupied districts. It is easy are some statistical discrepancies), is to see how valuable this information full of information and is exceedingly may prove to missionary workers. valuable to all interested in India and its Christianization. The total number of foreign workers tabulated is now 5,519, a net increase of 80 since The Christian's Alternative to War. By 1927. There is an actual decrease in Leyton Richards. 159 pp. $1.50. Macmen missionaries as the increase of Millan. New York. missionary wives is nearly 300. The proportion of educational workers has The author is an English pacifist increased over evangelistic workers- well known in America. His discusthere being 10,000 more Indian and sion is in deadly earnest. He shows foreign educational missionaries than how war leads to moral collapse both evangelistic-an increase of 6,000 in on the field and at home; how it puts six years. public opinion at the mercy of con- fessedly false propaganda; how peo- The population of India, Burma and ples are compelled by it to submit to Ceylon is 323,440,166 of whom 5,196,- the dictates of governments; and how 756 are enumerated as Christians, and Christians caught in its tide discard 2,786,459 of these are Protestants. their Lord's principles. He holds that Hindus in India and Burma number a nation ought to be ready to suffer on 216,734,586; M 0 s I ems 68,735,233; a national Calvary, and that in such Buddhists 11,571,268, and Sikhs 3,238,- nonresistance heroism is as genuine as 803. in war.

Over three fourths of the population reside in 685,665 villages, but Chris- The Earth the Theater of the Universe. tians reside in only 46,721 of these By Clarence H. Benson. 12 mo. 140 villages, leaving 638,944 without resi- pp. $1.50. Bible Institute Colportage dent Christians of any sect. The Assn. Chicago.

largest number of Christians is in the The author calls his book "A Scien- Madras Presidency and the smallest in tific and Scriptural Study of the Andamans (islands in the Bay of Ben- Earth's place in the Divine Program."

gal). None are reported in the na- It shows an astonishing range of readtive Indian states of Baluchistan. ing and a remarkable familiarity with Nepal is closed to the Gospel. the literature of astronomy. He ar- This directory not only gives the gues for the scientific accuracy of the names and addresses of all the Prot- book of Genesis, and he cites in sup- estant foreign missionaries in India, port of his argument a literal COll- Burma and Ceylon but the addresses struction of poetic passages in the 318

BOOKS WORTH READING

Psalms, the Book of Job, and the man prison, an accused spy, to the prophecies of Ezekiel and other proph- height of his diplomatic services at ~ts. The book will be highly satis- the crown's command. We share his factory to those who accept the abysmal despair at the death of his interpretation of the Scriptures which wife Ann and his great joy at the was practically universal up to a couple first convert won to Christ, and the of generations ago, and which is held planting of the Church in Burma. The by many earnest Christians today. author has, no doubt, put some of her Others will probably question some of own thoughts and feelings into the its conclusions. mind and expressions of the devoted missionary and he would probably be Great Truths Simply Stated. By George surprised, and perhaps indignant at Goodman. 132 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering some of the words she puts in his and Inglis. London. mouth, but it is a living picture that This is one of a series of books will stir the reader. D. K. BARD.

known as "Every Christian's Library." Church History from the Apostolic Age It is a helpful little volume setting forth the Scriptural teaching on prac- to the Twentieth Century. By Andrew tical subjects that Bible loving Chris- Miller. 3 vols. 1,090 pp. 198. 6d. tians are interested in. Twenty chap- London. 1929. ters deal with such subjects as "The Holy Scriptares," "Justification by The author, who was a British lay- Grace," "Assurance of Life," "Guid- man and died in 1883, has approached ance, How Known," "The Lordship of the subject of Church history from an Christ," and others equally important. unusual viewpoint. His effort has The chapter on "Practical Sanctifica- been to show "the silver line of God's tion" shows the clarity of thought and grace in true Christians" and he has the scripturalness of the author's succeeded in keeping this in the foreviews. ground. As a result the effect on the reader is that of a warm spiritual 'The Splendor of God. By Honore Willsie atmosphere. New gleams of light are Morrow. 374 pp. $2.50. New York. also thrown upon many passages of 1929. the Acts, the Epistles and Revelations. It is a delight to have a new mis- Volume I deals with the first thousionary biography from the pen of an sand years of Church history; "Show- .author who not only has a message ing the spiritual origins of much that to give but who gives it with skill. is now fully blown and the effect of This biography of Adoniram Judson decisions and deeds on following genweaves together his varied and rich erations." experiences into a fascinating novel, giving us an insight into the man's Volume II, "Five Hundred Vital heart and soul, and into the heart and Years of Church History," very natusoul of Burma. One compares the rally tells of the days when papacy squalor and misery of Buddhistic was in the ascendency but the author Burma with the splendor of God as devoted about half of the volume to shown in the life of this "Jesus the leaders of the great Reformation. Christ's man." Volume III carries the story from In these pages we live the days with the Reformation down to the present Judson and his bride who landed in day. It is a splendid piece of work, Rangoon in spite of the promise of from the Biblical standpoint. Facts persecution and certain death not only are stated clearly and without denomito themselves, but to any whom they national bias. M. T. SHELFORD. might convert. Boardman and other missionaries of the station are also The World-Wide Prayer. By Vernon F. introduced. We follow Judson from Storr. 108 pp. 50c. Church Missionthe depths of his misery in the Bur- ary Society. London. The purpose of this book is to pre- sent the missionary implications of the

Lord's Prayer. The work is well done. versity. The present volume is di· The author has really accomplished vided into two main sections. The first more than this; he has given us a outlines the effect of the World War splendid book for devotional reading. upon the commerce of Japan, by the The introductory chapter on the "Na- Professor of Economics in the Tokio ture and Scope of the Prayer" is par- Imperial University and a member of ticularly good. Naturally, the author the Imperial Academy. The second spends his greatest energy on the deals with the effect of the war upon phrase "Thy Kingdom Come," for it the industry of Japan, by the Dean is his thesis that the model prayer is and Professor of Public Finance in a World-Wide Prayer. There is not Toyo Kyokai University and a mem· much distinction between the church ber of the Imperial Diet. These are and the Kingdom in the author's argu- authorities of the first rank on the ment, but the logic of missionary re- subjects discussed, and they have pre- sponsibility and the beautiful devo- sented a range and variety of infor- tiona! spirit ought to help everyone. mation of extraordinary interest. One who wishes to study the commerce and Publicity for Social Work. By Mary S. industry of modern Japan as effected Routzahn and Evart G. Routzahn. 8 by the World War will find this volume vo. 392 pp. $3. New York. 1928. teeming with facts and statistics of exceptional value. The development of The Department of Surveys and Ex· Japan from an isolated and largely hibits of the Russell Sage Foundation agricultural nation to a great manuhas given us a very practical and use- facturing and exporting nation is one ful study of the methods of informing, interesting and impre8sing the of the notable events of recent years, public, not only in regard to social and this book describes it in an effecwork, but in other lines as well. This tive manner.

volume shows how facts may be pre- sented in newspapers, letters and Things That Remain. By Carl E. Gram- !eaflets, by type and poster, photograph mer. 28 pp. $1.75. New York. 1929.

and pen-graphs so as to attract atten· This book is a thoughtful account tion, teach a lesson, awaken a desire by a clergyman of the Protestant to he!p, and bring practical coopera· Episcopal Church of his mental and tion. It is a very thorough study, spiritual struggles through varied well presented and illustrated. doubtings and questionings to "as- The Effect of the World War Upon the sured faith." In the process he makes Commerce and Industry of Japan. By some concessions to the critics of evan·· gelical Christianity than we think it Kakujiro Yamasaki, D.C.L., and Gotoro necessary to make and some of his- Ogawa, M.P. 8 vo. 345 pp. $4. Yale University Press. New Haven. sentences, if quoted out of their con- This is an additional volume in the nection, might give a wrong impres- monumental series on the Economic sion as to his general attitude. But and Social History of the World War among the "things that remain" after- under the general editorship of Pro- he has made all allowances for objec- fessor James T. Shotwell, Director of tions, he includes clear and strong the Division of Economics and His- faith in the existence and personality tory of the Carnegie Endowment for of God as Creator, Sovereign and Fa- International Peace. The survey is to ther; in his overruling providence, include about two hundred volumes, co- "in God the Son, who hath redeemed lossal undertaking. Each volume how- me and all mankind; in God the Holy ever is complete in itself and may be Ghost who sanctifieth me and all the purchased separately. The editor of people of God"; in the validity of the· the series upon Japan is Baron Yo- miracles of the New Testament and shiro Sakatani, formerly Minister of he declares that "These basic truths, Finance and President of Senshu Uni· modern methods are as powerless to,

The Missionary Review of the World — 1929 Index

MISSIONAR Y

REVIEW of the WORLD Founded in 1878 by Editor-in-Chief, 1888 to 1911 ROYAL G. WILDER ARTHUR T. PIERSON January to 1)ecember, 1929 VOLUME FIFTY-TWO EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON ASSOCIATE EDITORS Methods for Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1fRS. F. 1. ,TOHNSON Home Mission Bulletin …………………..•••…………. FLORENCE E. QUINLAN – Foreign Mission Bulletin . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . ELLA D. MACLAURIN AND AMY G. LEWIS World·Wide Outlook …………………………………… MRS. WALTER FERGUSON INTERDENOMINATIONAL EDITORIAL COUNCIL REV. A. R. BARTHOLOMEW, D.D. MRS. HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY REV. ENOCH F. BELL MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.D. FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL RUTH B. RULE REV. PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, D.D. REV. WM. P. ScHELL, D.D. MRS ••TOHN FERGUSON REV. S. G. INMAN MRS. E. H. SILVERTHOBIN REV. WM. R. KING, D.D. MILTON T. STAUFFER REV. HENRY SMITH LEIPER REV. F. C. STEPHENSON, M.D. P. H. J. LERRIGO, PH.D. REV'. H. E. LUCOOOK, D.D. REV. JAY S. STOWELL REV. JOHN McDoWELL, D.D. REV. MlLLS J. TAYLOR, D.D.

FLORENCE G. TYLER JESSE R. WILSON REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D.

COPYRIGHTED, 1929-PUBLISHED BY THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INO.

THIRD AND REILY STREETS, HARRISBURG, PA., AND 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice·President WM. BANCIROFT HILL W ALTF..R. McDOUGALL, Treasurer MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD DELAVAN L. PIB(tSON, Secretary ERIO M. NORTH HARI,AN P. BEACn . FLEMING H. REVELL CHARLES L. WHITE 983 MAPS, CHARTS AND POSTERS Page Pa.qe Arabia-·Mission Stations …………………. 260 India's Villages and Christ ………………. 252 = iJf Posters-Child Labor …………………….. 215 Mongolia …………………………………. 847 ~~r~lf~~or~.. ::::: :::: :::: ::::::::::::::: ::: PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS Page ParlC Abellera, Esperanza ……………………… 875 India-Villagers Waiting for Gospel ……… 420 Abyssinia, Hospital in ………………….. 915 Indian Children ………………………….. 269 Abyssinian Woman and Child …………… 915 Interfational Missionary Council at Wil- ~fr~~~~r'~nOfF::;~a~~. :::2.i' C·~~~j.: 'F~b;;';~; JJ~~~~I'fim~-s:t-oOo~nrJ~.e..R.:.v…a…~….:.~…. . …………… … ~6~6g4 : :: :'.:::::'. : '. ::: ::: – Bible Readers at Lolodorf …………….. 324 – – – Class ………………………………. 582 Kim, Helen ………………………………. 875 – Boys of Bush School ………………….. 186 Korea-Congregation at Kangnung ………. 291 – Bulu Teacher and Family …………….. 584 – Pierson Memorial Bible School ……….. 660 – Chair Travel through Jungle .. 2d cover, Feb. – Sunday-school Rally ………………….. 362 – Congregation at Balla …………………. 583 Liu, Mary ………………………… , … : … 906 – School, First Day at …………………… 293 Lowry, Edith E. .. ……………………….. 791 – Slaves, Runaway………………………. 31 Mackay. Robert P ………………………… 676 — Tiger Kloof Ipstitution , ………………. 447 Mansur, Kamil, and His Wife ………….. 752 – Weaving, Girls ………………………… 443 McCarrell, Wm…………………………… 525 -Woman Teaching Neighbors …………… 124 Merry-Go-Round, Uncle Sam's …………… 133 – Boys at Y. M. C. A. Conference ……….. 189 Mexican Indian Chief's Son ……………… 463 – – Christian …………………………….. 169 Moody Memorial Church, Chicago …….. 585, 537 – Christian' Wife ………………………… 847 Morocco Boys and Girls ………………….. 431 – Children of Mission School ……………. 4n – Girl Free ………………………………. 33 – Girls at Lovedale Institute ……… 820 Moslem Children in Costume …………….. 627 – Woman at "Home," Pagan ……………. 820 if Converts in Cairo 93 – – White Man's Mistress ……… 847 I C St I G…….. ··· .. ·· .. · …… .. _ Y. M. C. A. at Johannesburg….. 191 NY rea, . f an ey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Albania-School at Kortcha …………. 601 eW York rom the Air ……………….. 501,580 Algiers-Oued Souf Oases ……………. 281 Nicaragua-Cane Creek ………………….. 595 Algierian Children ………………. 279 Olcott, Eben Erskine ……….. 615 Algiers-Trotter, Lilias, Home ……… 2n Parker, Laura H …………………………. 791 America.n IndianS-Young ……….. 551 Paxton, Jean …………………………….. 875 Arabia.-Circus, Native …………… 261 Quinlan, Florence E. .. …………………… 389 _ Gate of Kuwait ………………. 745 Reed, Sara J. ………………………. 791 _ Ibn Saud and Attendants ……… 259 Siam-Children, Laos ………………. 7 _ Mission Compound, Kuwait …… .. 263 – Dragon for Religious Procession ………. 4 Australian Aborigines ………….. . …… 900 – Elephant Arch …………………………. 4 Automobile Church …………… .. In – King of ………………………………… 8 Bainbridge Lucy Seaman 457 – School for Boys in Bangkok ………….. 9 ~!amhes~<; M~sSionaries to the Laos ……….. 10 Ballard, Adela .T.•.•••..••. :::::::::::.. 791 mg,. ad u Sundar …………………….. 441 Bennett, Mrs. F. S. ………………. . … 389 Brickman, H. M. ……………….. . …… 389 Somali land, Native Shop in …………….. 918 Cairo Street Scene …………….. . …. 909 Tracts in Many Tongues …………………. 164 Chang Chih Chiang …………….. . . . . . . .. 90 Trotter, I. Lilias …………………………. 278 Chiang Kai-Shek ………………… .. . . … 84 Turkey-Alphabet Changes ………………. 244 Chin, Mrs. C. C. ………………….. . …. ~41 China-Sunday-school at Chungking . 291 – Theatre, Cinema ………………………. 247 Turkomans at Home …………………….. 929 Chinese Ambulance ………………………. 29~ United StateS-Pioneering in Tdaho. . … .. … 11 _ Evangelists …………………………….. 88 – – Communion Service in Wilderness of _ Policeman with Testament …………….. 89 Idaho ……………………………….. 15 Coleman, Mrs. G. W ……………………… 389 – – Daily Vacation Bible School, San Fran- Council of Women for Home Missions, Officers R89' cisco ………………………………… 505 Cuba-Church, Needed ……………………. 45~ –Fishermen's Club, Cicero, IlL ………. 527 _ Union Church Building ……………….. 45~ – – Girl in Idaho, Converted ……………. 13 Delegates to Pan-Pacific Women's Conference 139 – – Italian Evangelical Choir, New York … 610 Egypt-Gairdner, McInnes and Moslem Con- – – Mariners' Baptist Church, New York .. 529 verts ……………………………. 93 ~- – Morgan Memorial, Boston ……………. 503 Egypt. Peasant Home ……….. 911 – – Noonday Shop Meeting, New York ….. 589 Exhibit of Industries ………………… 96" – – Pawn Shop ………………………….. 531 Feng, Yu-Hsiang …………………….. 84 – – Peniel Center, Chicago ………………. 539 Fenner, R. B. ……………………… 389 – – Russian Children ……………………. 608 Ferguson, Mrs. John …………………….. 389 – – Spanish GroU!) Under Christian Training 609 Gairdner, William H. Temple ……………. 91 – – Statue of Liberty ………………….. 131 Guatemala-American Hospital ……. , ……. 171 –Tenements and New Americans …….. 607 _ Evangelical Congregation ….. 167 – – Trinity Center, San Francisco ………. 507 _ Missionaries and Families …… 169 – – Women's Luncheon …………………. 521 Hough, Mrs. S. S. …………….. 875 – – – Noonday Meeting …………………. 522 — – Y. M. C. A. at Camp Hugh ………… ~29 Hume, Robert Allen …………….. 823 India-Buchanna and a Friend .. 275 'Vanless. William ……………….. ,.. 253 .- Hume. Memorial Church …… 825 White, Laura M. . ……………………….. 903 _ Pilgrims Crawling…………. Wilcox, Mrs. F. W. . …………………….. 389 2ii1 8n – Prayer, World Day of ……… Williams. John Elias, Memorial in China .. 679 y, M. C. A., African .. , …………. , …… , .. 191 – School, Mr. Gabriel's V!llage …………. 274 984 AUTHORS P<Lge Palle Adams, Ralph S. . ……………………….. 464 King, William R. . ……………………….. 685 Allen, Roland …………………………….. 21 Lafla=e, H. F. …………… . …. " .509,512 Anderson, Charlotte ……………………… 784 Lamb, B. F ……………………………… 543 Anderson, William B. ……………………. 353 Latourette, Kenneth Scott …. . ………. 341 Anderson, Mrs. 'V. J. . ……… 2d Cover, August Lessig, Louise …………….. . ……. 784 Appasamy, A. J ………………………….. 440 LoomiS, Henry …………………………… 673 Applegarth, Margaret T. … 789 Lowry, Edith ………………. 629 Armstrong, A. E. .. ………………………. 676 Mather, Wm. Arnot ……………………… 176 Armstrong, Arthur H. ….. . . '. 517 May, Isabelle ………………… 277 Aubert, Th……………………………….. 839 Mayhew, Abby Shaw ……………………. 136 Banks, Howard A. ……… . … 919 McAfee, Cleland B. …………… 165 • Barnwell, Meddleton S. … 11 McCarrell, Wm. .. ……………………….. 524 Bell, Mrs. H. C. …………. .. 465 McConnell, Francis J. ………….. 357 Bell, Wm. C. …………………. .. …….. 938 McCullough, Mrs. W. C………………….. 465 Berry, Arthur D. ……… .. ….. 683 MacLaurin, Ella D. (Foreign Mission Bul- Braga, Erasmo …………. . '" 611 letin) ……………………………….. ..

Braisted, Paul J. …………. . ………… 850 McKinney, A. H ………………………. 456,607 Brickman, Helen M. ……… 551 Milligan, Anna A. .. ……………………… 753 Brown, H. D. ………… 30 Montgomery. Helen B……………….714,783,795 Buckham, James ………. . ………… 113 Morris. S. L. ……………………………. 17 Mybrea, C. Stanley G. . ………………….. 259 Budd, J. E. ……………. 453 Newland, L. T. .. ………………………… 669 Burton, Henry ……………. 849 Burtt, Th·eodore ……… 31 Odeil. Edward A. . ……………………….. 617 Calkins, Henry R. …… . …. 705 Oxenham, John ……………. ……….. 19 Calverley, Edwin E. … . …. " .. 744 Parker, Laura H. ……. .. ………. 791 Chamberlain, William 1. ……. 615 Paton, William …………. 762 Chamberlain, Mrs. W. I. …………………. 459 Patton, Cornelius H. ….. . ………… 327 Chen, Mrs. C. C. ………… . …………… 941 Paul, K. T. …… …….. . . ……….. ~84 Clark, Alden H …………………………… 821 Paxton, Jean G. ……….. . …………… 297 Conning, J. Stuart ……… . . . . . . . . … 539 Peabody, Mrs. Henry W. .., … ' …….. 876 Conrad, A. Z ……………………………… 173 Perkins, .Judson T. …………. . ………. 269 Cross, Rowland M. ………. .. . . . . . . … 85 Philips. Daisy Griggs …… 9'l8 Cushing, Dorothy P. …… 699 Philpatt, P. W. …………… . …………. 535 Dalzell, H. A. …………. . . '" …… 513 Pierson, Arthur T ……………………. .458.761 Das, R. C. ……………. " … ' ….. 249 Pierson, Delavan L ………….. (See Editorials) Davis. George T. B. ……… . .. 88, 199, 461 Pitman. Homer K. . ………………………. 505 Dawkins, Carl …………… . ………. 533 Quinlan, Florence E. (ITome Mission Bul- Donaldson, Dwight M. .. 929 letin) ………………………………… .

Douglass~ H. Paul …….. . ………… 511 Ray. Randolph ……… 585 Dowds, Mrs. J. W. ……. " ……….. 133 Reid. W. T'. …………. .. .. …….. 39 Drinkwater, .John ……. 460 Richter. julius ……….. " ………….. 747 Duff, Mrs. W. W. ……… . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925 Riggs. Charles T. ……. 245 Ebina, Danjo …………………….. 661 Rindge, Jr., Fred H. ……… .. ………. '" 828 Elder, E. E. …………… 752 Rodgers. James B. …. . …………. 208 Ellis, William T ……….. 325 Roe, Mary W. ……….. 708 Ennis, Elizabeth L. ….. .. . … 9~8 Rohold, S. B. …………. . ………… , 771 Fenn, Courtenay H. ……… 749 Russell, Robert M. ……. . ………….. 581 Gabriel, Devatala ……… 272 Scotford. John R. ……. 758 Glover, Robert H. ……… 767 Shake. Clarence A. . ……………………… 266 Goforth, Jonathan ……… 20 Shelton. Dorris E. …….. . ……… , 2Pi8 Gotzsche, Ellen ……….. . …………… 449 Singh. Sadhu Sundar ……………………. 590 Grafflin, Samuel W. ….. 587 Speer, Robert E …………….. 340.346.369,743.755 Haile, A. J. ………… 443 Springer, Mrs. John M …………………… 846 Haldane, James………… 427 Starling, Lucy ……………….. 5 Hamilton. Kenneth G. … 594 Stauffer. Milton T. ………. 37!1 Hayes, Lillian E ………………………… 296 Stelzle. Charles ….. " . . . . 125 Hayne, Coe ………….. . . 945 Stewart, George ……… 132 Helms, E. J. …………….. 501 Stowell, .Jay S. ……… . ……….. 182 Hershey. T. K. …………… 8;;2 Strong, Esther ……… . ………….. 665 High, Stanley …………….. . ….. 393. 439 Strong, William M. … . …………. 197 Hill, William Bancroft ….. . ………. 347 Subhaeyah, Habib ….. . ……….. 196 Hough, Mary E. ………… 16 Subhan, John A. ……… 105 Hough, Mrs. S. S. ……….. 950 Trotter, Lilias ………. ' ……….. ' … 280 Houser, Otto H. …………… 87 Turnbull, John ……… 44 Hubbell, Wm. N. …………. .. ……… 528 Van Dyke. Paul S. ……. .. ………. 684 Hume, Robert A. ……….. 97 Victor. Mrs. Fred ……. 630 Hunt, W. Remfry ……….. 104 'Vaiters. Marvin M. …… 861 Hunter, George W. ……….. .. ……… 832 Watt, Gordon B. ……….. 516 Hunter. Stanley Armstrong … 2!i3 Welch, Mildred …………. 59 Huntley. George A. …………… 689 'Vheeler. W. Re~inald ……. 25 Hutchinson, Paul ………………………… 835 White, Charles L. …………… 114 .Jaffray. R. A. . …………………………. 922 White. Laura M. ……………. 901 Johnson. F. 1. (llfethods Departm.ent) ……. 289 Whittier. J. G. ………………… 790 Jones, E. Stanley …………………. 363, 678, 6m 'Vilkinson, Elizabeth McDonald ………….. 606 Jones. Thomas Jesse …………………….. 331 Williams. Maude and Walter …………….. 116 Kelsey. H. A. . ………………………….. 915 Wilson. Arnold T …… : …….. : ………….. 599 Kennedv. Phineas B. .. ………………….. 600 Wysham, Wm. M. ……………. 4~3 Kerr. Hugh T …………………………. 335.796 Zwemer, Samuel M. . ….. 91, 421, 741 56G~·t ARTICLES AND NEWS Pape Pa[!e AbYi.inian Frontiers Mission ……………. 477 t.. …. …. .. Abyssinia, An Emerging Empire. H. A. Kel- 915 Abyssinia's Outstretched Hands …..•…• ". 69 sey ….. I ., , , , • ,. '.' •• ,. , •

INDEX

Page Page Abyssinia, Black Jews of ………………… 964 American Indian Hospitals, New …………. 721 Actors and the Church, Randolph !'tay •….. 585 – Jews ………………………………….. 222 Afghanistan Advancing Rapidly …………• 71 – Students in China ……………………… 314 – Reforms, Sky-Rocket …………………. 232 Americans, Presentin~ Christ to New, B. H.

Africa-Advance in …………………… 644,811 McKinney ………. , .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … 607 – American Negroes Not Wanted ……….. 477 Andrews, C. F …………… 2d covel', March, 474 Anti-Christian Missions …. , ……… , …….. 236 – Apolo of Pygmy Forest ……………….. 310 Apolo of the Pigmies …………………….. 451 Apostolic Way, The, Howard A. Banks ….. 919 – Ask Me Another One ………… 2d cover, June Arab, Baptism of an …………………….. 154 – Barbary States ……………………….. 725 – Urchins Are Taught, How …………….. 647 Arabia Approaches the Cross Ro"ds, C. Stan- – Boys, Training ………………………… 727 ley G. Mylrea ………………………. 259 – Call of …………………………………. 563 – Progress in …………………………… ,. 232 Arabian Problem ………………………… 480 – Cannibal Tribe COnverted …………….. 478 – Trail, Blazing an, John Turnbull………. 44 – Challenge ……………………………… 644 Argentine and the Bible …………………. 150 – Broadcasting the Gospel ………………. 226 – Church " in Tangale …………………… 966 – Mennonite 'York in, T. K. Hershey ……. 852 – Confere~e, Congo Jubilee …………….. 309 – Rome Revives ……………………… 226,722 – Congo ~b!Iee Conference ………….. 69,229 Asia Minor-Advance in ………………….. 646 – – Scene;, Significant, H. D. Brown …… 30 – – Sunday·school Conference ………….. 311 – – Unoccupied Field …………………… 646 – Contrasts in …………………………… 402 Asia's Challen~e, Central …………………. 405 Atheism, Missionaries of …………… , ….. 948 – Cooperation In… : ……………….311,657,811 – To Stem ……………………………….. 805 – Cruelty of Pagan ……………………… 310 Athens, College for Girls ………………… 963 Australia, Church Airplane in ………….. 972 – Diamond Diggers ……………………… 70 Australian Baptist Mission ………………. 652 – Drum Call to Church …………………. 563 – Evangelist "Outback" ………………. ,.. 486 – Methodist Church Response to a Call …. 719 – Education in Demand …………………. 726 Anstria-SoutJieastern Europe Bible School 492 Bainbridge, Lucy-A. H. McKinney ………. 456 – Elat, Destruction at …………………… 478 Balkans, youth in the …………………… 964 – Enthronement, Royal ………………….. 228 Baptist Home Missions ………………….. 9701 Baptists in Galilee ……. , ……………. :311, 967 – Germans Return to Bukoba …………… 155 Barton, .James L" and N. E. R., Dorothy P. – Giving in West ………………………… 477 Cushing ……………………………… 699 – Growth, Encouraging …………………. 563 Belgian Gospel Mission …………… , …. 542, 961 – – on the Niger ………………….. , ….. 725 Belgium-Christian Work in ……………… 307 – Importance of South ………………….. 882 – Ten Years in …………………………… 642 Bequest, Priceless ………………………… 831 – Impressions, First, W. Reginald Wheeler 25 Bible and Palestine, Facts on ……………. 797 – Bill Defeated ………………………….. 559 – Industrial Training in, A. J. Haile ……. 442 – Crusade for Latin-America, George T. B. – Krus Who Have'Stood the Test, Walter B. Davies ………………………………. 461 and Maude Williams ……………….. 116 – Hoover on the … , ……………………… 593 – "Lions and' the Lion-Hearted" ………. 403 – Influence of One ……………………….. 70 – Liquor on Gold Coast …………………. 154 – – Sunday School Union ……………. 311, 883 – SeIling in Panama …………………….. 225 – Lubondai, New Congo Station …………. 403 Bibles for Palestine Hotels …….. , ……….. 566 – Machemeje, New Station ………………. 478 – – Seamen ……………………………… 806 – in Mexico …………………. , ………….. 398 – "Match" Missionary in ……………….. 70 Bolivian Indian, Winning ………………… 641 – Medical Mission for Gold Coast ………. 726 Bolshevism and Christianity in Japan …… 145 Books for Missionary Study ………………. 495 – Methodism in .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. 811 Borneo and Its Need ……………………… 890 – Missions to Use Inventions in …………. 881 – Chinese Missionaries in, .T. A. Jaffray ….. 922 – Moravians in South …………………… 727 Bottle Evangelist …………………………. 223 – Portuguese ……………………………. 478 Bowery District, Adventures in, Will. N. Hubbell ……………………………… 528 – Pygmy Forest …………………………. 3W Boy Scouts, African ………………………. 645 – Radio to Heart of …………. ' ………… 31L Brazil-Japanese in ……………………… 151 – Religious Movement in South ………… 231 – Leaven in …………………………….. 977 – School Started ….. ',__ '" ………………. a09 – Missionaries Wanted? Erasmo Braga …. 611 – Protestantism in , ……………………… 878 – Schools in Cape Colony; Mission ………. 70 – Religion, New Interest in ………………. 561 – Revival in ……………………………… 399 – Self· Support in Cambodia ……………… 800 – Sunday schools in ……………………. 491 – Slavery, What? After, Theodore Burtt .. 31 – Superstition, Eastern Amazonia ……….. 151 Brent Hospital in the Philippiues ….. , ….. 972 – Sleeping Sickness, Battling ……………. 3]0 British Federation of Yo"th …………….. 491 – Sudan Interior Mission ……………….. 644 – Missionary Conference ……………….. 703 Broadcasting the Gospel in the Argentine …. 226 – Sunday-school Union ………………….. 308 Brown. Arthur J., Welcome to ………….. 947 – Tanganyika, Year in .. : ………. , ……… 882 Buddhist Priest in the Philippines ………. 972 Bulgaria-Boys Fire Fighters …… , ., ……… 810 – Triumph, Gospel .. , ………………….. 644,881 Burma-A dvance of Truth ………………… 729 – Wireless in Uganda ………………… 230, 311 – Bible Teaching, New Avenue for ………. 482 – ('entennial of First Convert …………157,482 African Boy Scouts • 645 i .. ………………… , – Head-hunters on the Frontier ………….. 407 – "Doctors" Methods • ;………………… , '" 155 Burma, Karen Centennial ………………… . 31~ – Methodist Jubile& ………………………. Z]3 – Notes for Doctors ……………………… 155 – Progress .. . . . .. .. .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . . .. .. .. … 799 – Populations ………. ' ……. , …. , ………. 965 – Student Campaign ……………………… 8riG Burmese Gospel Teams ……………………. 73 – Preachers, Tribute to …………………. 726 Calvary and Pentecost. Gordon B. Watt …… 516 – Pygmies Won ………………………….. 230 Cambodia-Belf-Support …………………… 800 Cameroun, Transformations in, Robert M. – Village for a Dollar, Wm. C. Bell …….. 938 Russell ………………………………. 581 – Woman, Modernized, Mrs. John M. Spring- er …………………………………… 846 – Youth of Tomorrow, Max Yergan …….. 187 Airplane and Missions in Persia , ………… 405 Alaska, News from ………………………. 560 Al Azhar, Revolutionizing ………………… 228 Albania, Difficult Times in, Phineas B. Ken- nedy ………………………………… 600 Algiers Mission Band ……………………. 880 "All the World"-Song …………………… 550 American Board, Devolution in the …….. 559 – – in China ……………………………. 970 American Indian Advancement …………… 304 – – Becoming "School-Minded" …………. 149 – – Friend ………………………………. 807 – – Gospels in Navajo …………………… 397 – – Incidents, Mary W. Roe …………….. 708 – – Missionaries to the …………………. 489 – – New Day. for the, Helen M. Brickman 551 – – Naz Perces Missionaries …………….. 397 – – Problem ……………….. ,…… 891 – – School, Echoes from ……….. ' ……… 55] – – Students, Chapel fnr ………. , ……… 808 – Indians ………………………………… 65 – – and Citizenship ……………………. 638 – – – Coolidge …………………………. 224 Page Pafje Canada-Home Missions United ………….. 224 Church That Draws Masses, P. W. Philpott 5:15 – – Met N{lw Conditions, Homer K. Pitman 505 Canadian Home Missions …………………. 559 City Boys and Girls, Work for, Carl Dawkins 533 – Church and Modern, H, Paul Douglass .. 511 – Sunday-school Outreach •.•…………….. 639 – – – the U'lChurched, A. Z. Conrad …… 173 Canal Zone, Y. M. C. A. in ……………….. 150 – – Expanding Methods, E. J. Helms ., …. 5n Capitalistic Enterpri,e? Is This a, F. J. – Evangelism, Laymen's Work of William McConnell …………………. , . … . … 357 McCarrell ……………….. ., ……….. 524 Caribbean Congress on Christian Work …… 475 – Religious Forces in Great, H. F. La- flamme ………………. ., …………… 512 Census of Federated Churches …………….. 148 City's Floating Population, H, A. Dalzell ., 513 Central America-Progress in ……………… 225 Colombia, News from ……. ., …………… 640 – – Strategic Center in, Cleland B. McAfee 165 Communism in Norway …….. ., …………. 401 Century of Miseions in Siam Lucy Starling 5 Conference at Detroit, Foreign Missions … 62 – Buffalo Missionary ……………………. 64 Ceylon, Preachers for …………………….. 649 -on Cause and Cure of War, Jean G. Pax- Chile-ElI&th!J,llake ………………………… 399 ton ………………….. ., …… ., ….. 56, 297 – Evarrgetism: In …………………………. 67 – Methodist International ……………… " 303 – Women's Pan-Pacific ………………. .,. 139 – Preacl$:!·g Christ in ……………………. 30ii -World Student … ., …………………. ., .. 567 Confessions of a Missionary …………….. 37 – Work for Soldiers, William M. Strong …. 197 Confucianism and Christianity …………. 570 Children, Last; Women and. Laura M. White 901 . Congo Caunibals Won …………………. ., 966 Children'S Crusade ………………….. 963 Congo Jubilee Conference ……… ., …….. 309 China-American Students In ……… ' …….. 314 – Fruitful year …………………………. 812 – Anti-Foreign Spirit …………………….. 649 – New Station ………………………….. 403 Contributions in 19:8, Church ………….. ., 296 – Bandit Cbief on Christianity …………… 569 Cooperation, Harmonious …..•.. :'.. '." .. , …. 149 – Campaign, Five year …………………… 681 – in Africa, Missionary ……… , ,' .. :311, 657, 811 – ChMlging … ,'.. ; ……………………….568. 800 – – Missionary Cultivation …….,……….. 148 – Chiang's New Year Message ……………. 314 – Twenty Years of ……….. : .. ; ………… 45 Costa Rica, Hospitals for ………………. 878 – Christianity 'raking Root " ……………. 969 Council of Women and Legislation ……… 216 – Christ, Power of …….. ; ……………. 409, 484 – – – for Home M:ssions ………………. 301 Crime and the Cinema . ., …… ., ………. ., 782 – Conllict between Russia and ………….. 949 Critic, 'Welcome the, William T ..Ellis …… 325 – Contrast in Conditions, George A. Huntley 689 Critics and Candidates, Milton T.· Stauffer .. 379 – Missionary Looks at the, E. Stanley Jones 363 – Conveption, Chekiang ………………….. 730 – . Who Are the, Cornelius H. Patton …… 327 – Deities Abolished' ……………………… 484 Cuba and Mexico Fraternize ……………. 490 : – Two Patbs in, J. E. Budd ……………. 453" – Dream and a Conversion ………………. 887 Czechoslovakia, Churches , …………….153,308 – – Jews in ……… .,…………………… 643 – Education, Higher ……………………… 730 – – Y. M C, A. in ……………………… 880 – Famine in ………………..74,142,408,483,802 Deaths-Allen, Sturges ………………….. 419 ,…. Feng, Mystery of, JO'Ilathan Goforth …… 20 – Amerman, James L …………. 3d cover, Jan. – Angel, Bernard ………… 3d cover, December – Forwal'd Mo'vement in …………………. 855 – Bailey, James Garfield …….. 3d cover, April – Bailey, James R. .. ………. , …………. 377 – Ginllng COllege President …………… 136, 484 – Bainbridge, Mrs. Lucy D ….. ;·.3d cover, Jan. – Girls for Sale ………………………….. 802 – Bassett, James ………. 2d cover, November – Bilkert, Henry A …………… ., ………. 163' -,.' G.iv>ng, Sacrificial ……………………… 602 – Booth, Bramwell ….., ……….. ., ……… 497 ..:.. Hak-kas, Mission to the ……………….. 408 – Brent,' Charles H. .. …. ., …………….. 323 …,. HDpe for, New, George T. B. Davis…….. 88 – Brockman, Frank …………………….. 497 .::.. Invalid, Remarkable …………………… 199 — Chamborlam. Mary Anable , ….. , …. '.". 659 – Cowles, George D. .. .. , ………………. 738 – Language, One …………………………. 730 – Cronk, E. C. . …………………………. 419 – Ujokll)g,.Forward in, Rowland M. Cross.. 85 – Drane. Lillian A. .. ……… ., …………. 497 – Dworkowicz, Paul' ……………………… 739 – Luthera)ls in , ………………………….. 143 – Farquhar, J. N·. . ……….. , …………… Tag – Making a New …………………………. 202 – Gibbud, Mrs. Juliet …….. 2d cover, November – Medicine, MQdem ………………………. 801 – Grenfell, Mrs. Geor.ge …. ; …………….. 163 – Harris, Frederick ………. 2d cover, November – Missionaries' Needed ……………. 74, 314, 886 – Henderson, Theodore :S…….3d cover, April – – Returning to Stations ……………….. 235 – Hoskins. Mrs. F. E …'…. 3d cover, Decemhpr – Hubbard, George H. .. … ., ….. : ……. ., 377 – Misstatements Regat-ding ………………. 75 – Mohammedan Uprising <………………… 730 – Hume, Robert A…………. 3d covei-i August – Inwood, Cbarles ………………………. 83 – National Christian Council ………. 85, 681, 794 – Knox. Mrs. Tabor …….. 3d cover.. December – Offensive, Church Resumes …………….. 649 – Kolmodin, Professor …….. : .3d cover, April – Mackay. R. P. .. ………………………. 497 – Officials, Christian ………………….. .410, 569 – Man(}eroeang, Foean Nagori Moesa – Outlook in ……………………………. , 624 …………………………… 3d cover, Jan, – Marquis, William S. . …………………. n9 – Persecution in Hunan …………………. 75 – McAfee, Lowell M. .. …………………. 419 – Meyer, Frederick B. ………………… ., 3"3 – Professors, Exchange ………………… :. 484 – Olcott, Eben E. . ………………………. 497 – Progress in ……………….. 234, 409, 569, SOl – Patterson, Wm. R. .. …………………. 6,9 – – Sigus of, WiIIiamAmot Mather …….. 176 – Reid, John . ., ………………………. .,. 818 – Richards. Henry …………….3d cover, J.n. – Review of Christian Missions ………… 1'9 – R~hauffler. Julia Baker ……………. ., .. n9 – Revival ………………………………… n65l0 …,. Sailors, Saving American ……………… – Ribree, ,Tames ………………………… 818 – Snyder, Frank L. .. …………………… 419 – School Registration In ……………….. 74, 234 – Rtewart. Mrs. James …………………. 16~ – Swift. John T. ……………………….. 3 – Scripture, 3,100,000 …………………….. 142 – Tebbetts. Charles E. . …….. 3d cover, August – Self-Support In South ………………… 143 – Torrey. Reuben A …….. > …… 3d cover, Jan.

– Slaughter by Moslems ………………… 970 – Wahl. Mrs. nan E …………………….. 497 – Warburton, George A, .. , .2d cover, November – Superstition on Wane …………………. 886 – Transfer of Administration …………… 800 – Turning Point In ………………………. 679 – Union, Church ……………………… 143, 315 – Williams', John E., Memorial ………… 679 – Withdraw? Should We ……………….. 235 – Wu YI-fang, Abby Shaw Mayhew …….. H6 China's New Attitude …………………….. 568 Chinese Abroad, Welfare of …………….. 410 -Calendar, New …………………………. 409 – Christian, "Acts" of a ……………….. 73 – Church Gains ….. ,-……… ., ………… 236,483 – in Korea ……… .,…………… 971 – Missionaries in Borneo. .r. A. Jaffray ….. 922 – Women and Religion, Mrs. C. C. Chen …. 941 Choy, Ting Kan, of China, Henry Loomis .. 673 Christ, All-Sufficiency of, Robert E. Speer . 743 – Inescapable, E, Stanley Jones …………. 678 Christian Endeavor in India …………….. 799 -Endeavorers in Guatemala ……………… 66 Christianity. Aim of, Edwin E. Calverley .. 744 – and Confucianism …………………….. 570 Christianity Changed? Has, Samuel M.

Zwemer ……………………………… 741 Church and Modern City, H. Paul Douglass 511 Page Page Deaths-Watson, Mrs. Margaret M. . …….. 163 Home MissiollS, Canadian ……………….. 559 – Wyckoff, Mrs. M. J. …………….. .. .. 43 – – Congress, National …………………. 63 – – Council … : …………………………. 222 Dividends for Missions, Business ………… 561 Doctor's Work In an Igloo ……………… 149 – – in Canada United …………………. 224 – – New Era in, Charles L. White …….. 114 Dominican Republic, Cooperation in 977 Dutch Barn eo, Spiritual Need of ……. 147 – – New Thing in, Wm. R. King ……….. 655 Home Mission Task Today, Jay S. Stowell .. 182 Egypt-AI Azhar and the Bible ….. 881 – – – Revolutionizing .. , …… , " ., . . . . 228 Hoover on the Bible …………………….. 593 Hoover's Visit to South America ……….. 853 – American Schools in …………… 69 Hume of Abmednagar, Alden H. Clark …. 821 Hymn, Missionary, New …. 2d cover, September – Intolerant … .. .. ………….. .. .. . 881 Iceland-Evangelizing by Wireless ……… 152 Idols Overturned ………………………… 970 – Islam in .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. … . .. .. . . . . . . . . 229 – Mansur, Kamil, of Cairo ……. 752 – Medical Camp in Nile Delta . 965 – Women in, Daisy G. Philips .. 908 India and Its Future, E. Stanley Jones …. 697 Egyptian Sphinx, New …………. 154 – An Undermanned Field ……………….. 968 England-Mosque in London ……….. 642 – Appeal of, Paul J. Braisted ….. : …….. 850 – Methodist Union . .. .. …. .. . . .. .. .. .. 641 – Arcot Mission Jubilee ………………… 798 – Missionaries Needed in, R. C. DaB …….. 249 – Student Christian Conference ……. 300 – Bands, Evangelizing …………………… 728 – Bhils, Trend Among …………………… 798 – Universities, Missionary Interest in ….. 400 – Child-Marriage ……………………….72,4)8 Eskimos, Moravian Mission to ………….. 639 Essentials, Unchanging, Robert E. Speer … 369 Europe-Barnardo's Homes ……………… 226 – Christian Endeavor …………………… 799 – Christianity in ……………………….. 2:13 – Leprosy in …………………………… 879 – Congress Considers Untouchables …. _…. 96S – Roman Catholic Counter Reformation '" 67 – Criminal Tribe Boys …………………. 702 – Youth Movements …………………….. 857 Family of Eight Thousand ……………… 2~6 – Dhulia, Mela at ………………………. 568 – Documents, Significant Cburch ……….. 884 Federal Council Anniversary, Charles Stelzle – Gandhi and Christian Girls …………… 156 …………………………………… .45,125 – Gwalior's "Conversion Bill" ……. , …… 884 Federation of Woman's Boards at Detroit .. 219 Feng, Mystery of Marshall, Jonathan Goforth 20 – Hindu Customs Changing ………….. 204, 648 – – High Caste …………………………. 648 Feng, Mrs. .. …………………………. '" 143 – Influences, Cbristian, Judson T. Perkins:69 – Islamizing …………………………….. 799 Fiji-Cooperation in Suva …. . . . . . . . 316. 889 – Work in Danger ……………………… 147 Fijian Society, Young …………………… 651 – Maharajah Welcomes Students ……….. 313 – Mass Movement ………………………. 969 Filipino United Church …………………. 317 Finnish Mission Progress ……………….. 2.27 – Mission, New Type of ………………… 568 – Mohammedan Baptisms ……………….. 481 Fishermen's Club of Cicero, Wm. McCarJ'ell 5~4 Foreign Mission Pointers ………………… 282 – Mortality and Morality ………………. 406 – Moslems and Hindus …………………. 408 – Missions and Youth, Stanley High …… 393 – National Christian Council. K. T. Pau1.284, 312 – – at Home …………………………… 398 Formosa-Scriptures in ………………… , 316 – Problems of, Mrs. W. I. Chamberlain …. 459 – ReligiOUS Freedom ……………………. 885 France-Changed Conditions in ……. . .. 964 – Review of Conditions …………………. 647 – Hospital, EVangelical ………….. . ….. 642 – Revival, for …………………………71,312 – Santal Mission of North ………………. 884 – MeAl! M1ssion Project ……………….. 152 – Seeing the Gospel at Miraj, Stanley Arm- – Paris, Gospel in ………….. 723 – Protestant Church ……………………. 492 strong Hunter ……………………… 253 – Singh, Sundar, and Other Sadhus …….. 407 French Protestants ………………………. 963 Friendly League for Christian Service. Inc. 520 – Tent Mission, Danish …………………. 566 Gairdner, Canon W. H. T .• of Cairo, Samuel – Temperance …………………………. 234, 798 – Testimonies to Missions ……………… 698 M. Zwemer …………………………. 91 – "llntouchables" …………………….. 72, 407 —-: Wilder Memorial ……………………… 777 Gambling ……………………… .. .710. 723 German Mission Items ……… 307 – Mohammedans …………….. 562 – 'Women's Christian Temperance Union .. 406 – – Moral Reforms …………………….. 4:J6 Germany-Prohibition . .. .. .. .. . . .. 880 Indian. American, Mohonk Conference on, Gifts, Increased Presbyterian ….. 558 Giving in China ………………. 602 – – West Africa ……………… 477 Coe Hayne …………………………. 945 – Student's Vacation, Devatala Gabriel . _.. 272 – I,ure of, Johnson, F. J. …….. 289 Golden Rule in Seven Religions 476 Indo-China, French ………………….. 885, 968 Industrial Training in South Africa, A. J. – – Sunday " …….. , …… " . .. . 961 Haile ……………………………….. 443 Gospel for a Changing World. Robert H.

Glover ………………………………. 767 Industrialism in the Far East …………… 137 Industry, Building Character in, Samuel W. – Uncontrovertible ………………….. 728 Grafflin ……………………………… 587 Great Britain-Bible Fellowship .. ' 492 International Missionary Council at Wil- – – Distressed Miners ………….. 561 Greece-Athens College ……….. 68 liamstown, Esther Strong ………… 6'1, 665 – Home for Girls …………….. 153 Invalid in Shanghai, Remarkable, George T. B. Davis ……………………………. 199 – Student Work in …………….. 228 Guatemala,Anselmo, Christian .. 877 Invalid's Fellowship of Prayer ………….. 200 – Christian Endeavorers in ….. 66 Iraq-Evangelism, Pioneer ……………….. 404 Christ the Only Way of Life? William Ban- – Indian Christian in …….. 976 croft Hill ………………………….. 347 – Indian Story …………. 877 – Persecution in . …. . . 30!) Islam Disintegrating, Arnold T. Wilson …. 599 Haiti-Catching Men ….. 640 – in Egypt ………………………………. 229 – Retreating? ………………………. _….. 564 — Two Black Republics . 398 Islands-Tristan da Cunhi' ………. _…….. 31G – Voodoo Worshin in …….. 977 Haitian Gospel Mission ……….. _. _. _. __ . _. 490 Tslands-Unevangelized Millions 412 Havana Christian Congress, Edward A. Odell Italian Fascist Youth ………………….. 227 – Prisoners, Gospels for -……………….. 879 Hawaii:' cooi;~;~tio;'" i;'" .:..:..::………………..: …~~7, ~~~ – Bible Distribution ………… ___ ……….. 307 -Religious Teach ing ……… . .. _….. 890 – Dictatorship …………………………. " 621 – Sixty Years' Progress .. 805 – Freedom, Religious . _……….. 642 – Y. M. C. A. in Honolulu 805 – Vatican's TelIlJporalKlngdom .. 288 Heart of Africa Mission … ]54 – 'V"ldenses Today ……………………… 643 Hindu Customs Changing .. 648 J,..pan-Bible Fire Loss ……….. 888 – High Caste . .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . . . . 648 – Bolshevism and Christianity in . 145 Hindus and Mo.lems ……………. __ ……. 408 – Chriitianity's Influence ……… 717 History. Crisis Hour in, W. Remfry Hunt .. 104 – Church Life in ……………… _ 571 Holland Women Hnite …………………… 401 – Cooperation Bl ings Results …. _ 887 Home Missions CounCils, State …….. _…. 973 – Clee<J, Social…………………. .. … 717 Page Page Japan-DenOlniuatiolls, Grouping: ………… 888 Leprosy, EliInination of ………………… 317 – J)('sire Christian Mh;:::;ionarics- Does, Dau- ~ in ~urope ……… . ………. 87!} jo ~:bina ……………………. 661 – ~ Porto Rico …………………………. 66 – Ot'volution in …………………………. 146 Liberia, New Day ill .. ' ~:W – lljducation, Christian Influence in …….. 570 – Tuskegee in ………………………….. 81~ – Encouragements, Paul S. Van Dyke …… 684 – Yaros, Fighting ………………………. 812 – International Relations Conference …… 485 Library. Missionary Research …………… 806 – Kagawa's Work ………………………. 411 Life-Its Meaning and Use, Sadhu Sundar – "Kingdom of God" Movement, 485,663, 802,855 Singh ……………………………….. 590 – Kobe Completes Campaign …….. , ……. 888 Literature at Northfield, Christian, Helen B.

– Meeting, All Night …………………… 651 Montgomery ………………………… 795 – Miracles, Modern ……………………… 570 Livingstone Memorial …………………… 726 – Money RaiSing Method ……………….. 803 Lumbermen, Making Men as Well as, Fred — Newspapers as Evangelists …………… 718 H. Rendge, Jr. . ……………………. 828 – Opportunity, Christian ……………….. 236 Lutheran Missions ………………………. 303 – Praying to Gods ……………………… 76 – World Convention …………………….. 561 – Prohibition for Soldiers ………………. 571 Lutherans in North Siberia ……………… 562 – Purity and Liberty ………………… 316, 803 – Move Forward Union …………………. 724 – Reformers, Women …………………… 315 Mackay, Robert P.,-A Saintly Secretary, A.

– Romance of Missions, Henry Loomis …. 673 E. Armstrong ……………………….. 6,6 – Social Creed ………………………….. 717 Maclaurin, Ella D.-an Appreciation, Helen – Spell of Christ in …………………….. 203 B. Montgomery ……………………… 714 – Women's Progress ……………………. 650 Madagascar, Evangelizing ……………….. 564 – Y. M. C. A. in Tokyo, New …………… 803 – Prophetess, Modern, Ellen Gotzsche …… 449 Japanese Church and Missions, Arthur D. Malaysia-Commission Formed, New ……. 487 Berry ……………………………….. 683 – Religious Education Commission Formed 487 – in Brazil .. '" …………………… , ….. 151 Mansur, Kamil, of Ca.iro, E-. E. Elder …… 752 – Students' Gifts ……………………….. 803 Marquis, Wm. S .. Will of .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 831 – Testimony to Christ …………………… 971 Martyr, Modern, in Mexico ……………… 305 – Woman, Christian ……………….. : .. " 716 McAII Mission Project …………………… 152 Japan's Army GOing Dry ……………….. 76 McAuley Mission's' "Who's Who?" ………. 148 Jerusalem Conf,erence, After …………. 555,715 Medical Camp in Nile Delta ……………. 965 – – and Foreign Missions .. , ……………. 201 – Playlet "Inasmuch" …………………… 50 – – and Syria,. Habib Subhaeyah ………. 196 Mennonite Work in Argentina, T. K. Hershey 852 – – What? After, William Paton …….. 762 Methodist Protestant Merger ……………. 974 Jewish Christians, Church for ………….. 883 Methods-Atmospbere, Missionary ……….. 47 Jews, Adventure Among the, John Stuart – Black Diamonds, a Sketch, Charlotte An- Conn ing ……………………………… 539 derson and Louise Lessig ………….. 784 – American ………………………………. 222 – Boys, Something for ………………….. 626 – Christ the Hope of …………………… 973 – Christmas Pageants, Marvin M. Walters 861 – in Czecho-Slovakia ……………………. 643 – Church Organized for MiSSion, Helen B.

– Neglected ……………………………… 156 Montgomery ………………………… 783 – of Abyssinia, Black …………………… 964 – Cooperation Achieved, B. F. Lamb …… 543 – Should We Abandon Work for ………… 204 – Devotional Service …………………….. 134 Johannesburg, Night Life in ……………. 965 – Free-for-All Discussion ……………….. 384 .10, Mrs. Nobu, Japanese Christian ………. 716 – Evangelism, Outdoor …………………… 213 Jones, Stanley, Answers His Critics …….. 603 – Finance . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. .. … 289 Kagawa, Toyohiko, Work of ……………. 411 – Foreign and Native Born, George Stewart 132 – Furloughs, James B. Rodgers ……….. 208 Kim Moksa, Korean Christian, Mrs. W . .I.

Anderson ……………… 2d cover. August – How One City Organized ……………….. 546 Korea-Bible Study ………………………. 571 — Going to Jerusalem, Margaret T. Apple- – Christian Church in …………………. 971 garth ……………………………….. 789 – Christ, Power of ……………………… 486 – Make the City Christian, M. P. Burns …. 132 – Church and Poverty, L. T. Newland – Merry-Go-Round, Mrs . .I. W. Dowds ….. 133 …………………. 669, 2d cover, November – Migrant Work, Edith Lowry ………….. 629 – Growth in ……………………………. 485 – Mite-Box Demonstration ………………. 468 – Haing's Offering ………………………. 889 – Morning Watch and Vespers, Mrs. W. C.

– Heroic Faith in ……………………….. 971 McCullough and Mrs. H. C. Bell …… 465 – JntemJperance in ………………………. 146 – Moslem World, Childhood ……………. 625 – Leper Church Active …………………. 316 – New Testament Missionary, Roland Allen 21 – Literature. Christian …………………. 412 – Play, African …………………………. 209 – Men's Bible tnstitute of Pyengyang …… 804 – Pictures, Missionary ………………….. 214 – Offering of Native Christians ………… 889 – Playlet, "Inasmuch," a Medical ………. 50 – Quarter Century in …………………… 718 – Opening the Door, Mrs. Fred Victor …… 6~O – Reforms, Two Important ……………… 672 – Scrap About Scrapbooks ………………. 548 – Revival in Pyengyang ……………….. 412 – Stewardship, Harvey R. Calkins ………. 705 – Seoul as Christian Center ……………. 146 – Schools for Rural Pastors, Ralph S.

– Stewardship ………………………….. , 651 Adams ………………………………. 464 – Union, Church ……………………….. 672 – Teaching, Attractive ………………….. 859 – What Can We Learn From, H. Kerr Tay- – Work-Bench and 'rools ……………….. 131 lor ………………………………….. 843 – World Fellowship Demonstration ……… 707 – Women's Bibl" Institute ……………… 804 Message Missionary, W. B. Anderson ……. 353 Korean Farmer's- Christian Deeds ………. 77 Methodist Mission Budget ……………….. 148 – Mission Progress ……………………… 315 Mexican Children, Friendship …………… 877 – Seminary Revival …………………….. 77 – Indians …………………………………. 809 Korean's Importunity ……………………. 236 – Texans …………………………….. 224 Kurds of Khorasan, ·D. M. Donaldson ……. 9"9 Mexico-Temperance ……………………… 808 Lambeth Conference …………………….. 978 – and Cuba Fraternize ………………….. 490 Latin-America-Bible Crusade, George T. B. – Bibles in ………………………………. 398 Davis ………………………………. 461 – Church Peace ………………………….. 722 – – Indian Mission ……………………… 399 – Evangelical Church in …………………. 490 – – Study Course ………………………. 721 – Fifty Years in ………………………… 224 Latin Americans and Religion ………….. 150 – in Transition ………………………….. 225 – – Opportunity Among ………………… 975 – Martyr, Modern ………………………… 305 Latin American Prayer Fellowshin ……… 976 – Papal Peace with ……………………… 623 Laymen's Work of City Evangelism, Wm. – Prohibition …………………………….. 808 McCarrell …………………………… 524 – Revolution and Devolution …………….. 560 Leper Church Active, Korean ……………. 316 – Sunday-school Work …………………… 639 Leppr~, Christian Endeavor …………….. 877 – Worship, Private ………………………. 305 – Working for ………………………….. 666 Mexico's Beliefs …………………………. 66 Parle Paf/e Migrant Labor, HUluan Equation in, Laura Paraguay Makes Advance ………………… 809 H. Parker .: …………………………. 7§1 Partners in Prayer …….. . .. ' .. , ……. 958 Mingling the Nations, J@an G. Paxton …… 297 Patmos, Isle of …………. .. ………….. 404 MisHion of Christianity, Julius Richtcr ….. 747 Peabody, Mrs. Henry W …………….. " … 557 – – the Church, Anna A. Milligan ………. 753 Mission, Our, Hugh T. K.,rr ……….. , …… 796 Peace, Chnrches and World " ……………. 474 – Confessions of a ………………………. 37 – l~nion, Church …………………………. 57a – Protection ………………….. , ………… 807 Persia-Airplane "nd Missions ……………. 405 – Research Library ………………………. 806 – Changes " " ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' " " " " " " " " " 728 – Sacrifice Justified? Hugh Thomson Kerr . 335 – Changing, Wm. N. Wysham …………… 433 Missionaries-Appreciation of ……………. 573 – Difficulties Overcome …………………… 480 – CaUM Trouble? Kenneth Scott Latourctte 341 – Evangelism in .""""" .. ".""""" .. ". 312 – E-ffectlve Pioneers, Thomas Jesse Jones .. 331 – Missions and Government ……………… 647 – Increasing …………….. ' ……. '" ……. 978 – Reform Movement ……… , …………….. 232 – "Intelligence Test" …………………….. 731 Persian Chlirch, The ……………….. " … 967 .- Rugs, Those …….. " ………………….. 883 – Needed in India, R. C. Das ……………. 249 Personals-Adams, Alice Pettee ………….. 818 – Sons, Scholarships of ………………… 573 – Aldis, W. H. .. ……….. 2d Cover, Decemb€r – Anderson, W. B ………………………… 378 Missions the. Best Investment, Robert E-. – Andrews, C. F. . ………. 2d Cover, March, 474 Speer ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 340 – Andy, Choli ………………….2d Cover, June – and Capitalism, Francis J. McConnell … 357 -Beach, HarlanP ………………………. 46 – Christian View of, Courtenay H. Fenn … 749 – Bennett, Bishop ……………2d Cover, March – Berry, Martha ……………………….. ,. 3 – Too p.,rmanent Are, John R. Scotford .. 758 – Basis of Foreign, Robert E-. Speer …….. 755 – vs. Slavery ' " ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 230 – Brown, Arthur Judson …………………. 497 Mohammedan Baptisms in India …………. 481 – Butterfield, Kenyon L….2d Cover, December – UpriSing in China …………………….. 730 – Chang Po-Ling ………………………… 242 – Youth Associations …………………….. 479 Mohammedans, German ………………….. 562 – Dasan, Yesu …………………. 2d Cover, June – Denning, Dr. and Mr•. John O……….. 818 Mohonk, Conference, Coe Hayne ………. ". 945 – Ewing, Mrs. J. C. R. ………. 2d Cover, June – Fume, Alice Brown ……..2d Cover, January Money Talks " ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 295 – Frost, Henry W ……….. 2d Cover, December Mongolia, Beyond the Outposts, George W. – Grenfell, Wilfred T……….2d Cover, January Hunter ".""""""".""""" .. " .. ". 832 -Hodgkin, Henry T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818 – Reds Gain in ………………………….. 145 – Holden, J. Stuart ……………………… 83 – Huizenga, Lee S …………….. 2d Cover, June Moody Memorial Church, P. W. Philpott …. 535 – Hung, William …… , …………………… 388 Morality, Commission on Christian ………. 65 Moravian Mission to E-skimos ……………. 639 – Johnson. Mrs. F. 1. …….. 46, 2d Cover, March – Jones, E. Stanley ……………………… 378 Moravians in South Africa ……………… 727 – Kagawa, Toyohiko ……. 2d Cover, December Mormon Utopia …………………………… 223 Mormonism, Menace of ………………… 397, 807 – Kennedy, Mrs. John S…………………. 738 Morocco, E-vangelism in ………………….. 725 – Laws, Robert ……………. 2d Cover, .fune, 738 – Matthews. Basil ……… 2d Cover, Decemb€r – Transformations in, James Haldane …… 427 – Moody, Wm. R. .. ……………………… 242 Moslem Bible Picture …………………….. 565 – E-mancipation of the …………………… ,31 -Hindus and ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 408 = m – Mott, John R ………………… " …… 578,818 – Read Bible …………………………….. 881 m~~fe~e, JFr~~k"::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::: – Slaughter in China ………. . …… 9,0 – Poling, Daniel A………. 2d Cover, December – Ramsey, Fred W ………… 2d Cover, January – Uprisings Among ………………………. 479 Motives, Old and New Mis!ionary, Samuel M.

Zwemer ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 421 – Riggs, James F ………………………… 659 Mott, John R., Around the World ……….. 64 — Rodgers, James B . . . ,'………………….. 738 Matt's Missionary Projects ……………….. 854 – Rohold, S. B. .. ……………………… " 3 Near East, Anti-Missionary ……………… 155 – Singh, Sadhu Sundar " " ' " ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 818 – – Approach to Ancient Churches ……… 646 – Speer, Robert E. . ………………………. 378 – – Sunday-school in …………………….. 646 – Stauffer, Milton T. . ….. 2d Cover, December –Yo W. C. A…………………………. 565 – Stearns, Mrs. Josephine McDaniel ……… 242 Negro Boy's Oath ………………………… 223 – T'sen, Lindel ………………. 2d Cover, March – Church Program " " " " ' " ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 892 – Tyler, Florence G……………………… 818 – Education for the ……………………… 397 – White, Charles L. . ……….. , ………. 323,578 – Harlem, Growth of …………………….. 65 – Yamamoto, Koto …………. 2d Cover, January – in America …………………………….. 489 -Yang, Y. C………………………….. '…. 3 – Ministers, Training ……………………. 720 – Yapp, Arthur ……………..2d Cover, October – Women's Conferences ………………….. 806 – Yuan, Railton ……………………………. £3 – Y. M. C. A …………………………….. 559 Negroes Honored …………………………. 304 – Zwemer, Samuel M…… 578, 2d Cover, tlcwber Peru, Crisis in ………………… ,……….. 878 Nepal, Christian Witness For …………… 969 – Critical Situations in ………………….. 978 New Guinea-Good News in Kwato ………. 146 =- Foundations, Laying …………………… 640 – – "Hung Up" in ………………………. 486 ~~~:~.:'s~' TIh~~~.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 4~~ – – Kwato ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 146 – Unevangelized ………………………….. 306 New Hebrides, Teachers, Native …………. 805 Ph ilippines-Chinese Mission …. , …. , ……. 147 – Hospital Named for Bishop Brent ……… 972 New Zealand-Maori Bishop ……………… 487 – – Maoris …………………….. '''''''''''' 719 – Problems ………… , ……………………. 71g- Nicaragua-Church for Indians, New ……. 722 – Progress …………………………….. 572, 889 – – Cruise, Interesting, Kenneth G. Hamilton 594 Nigeria-"Coming-Out" Party, Elizabeth Mc- Poem. Prayer Call to Preach, Otto H. Houser 87 – I Do It Unto Thee …………………….. 5~8 Donald Wilkinson …………………… 606 Norway, Communism in …………………. 401 – .Tesus T Know, Henry Burton ………….. 849 – Kin!' Hassan's Proverb. James Buckham . 11~ Objection, Naval Officer's ………………… 605 – Lord of All Pots and Pans ……………. 538 Olcott, Eben Erskine, William 1. Chamber- – Missionary ……………………………… 326 lain …………………………………. 615 – One …………………………………. , … 634 Oriental Dispersion ………………………. 414 – Prayer and Power ………… , …………. 135 Pacific Relations Institute ……………….. 485 Palestine and Bible ………………………. 797 – – for Deeds, John Drinkwater ………… 460 – Baptists in Galilee …………………….. 311 – Quiet Room, J. G. Whittier ………….. 790 – Spoken Word, Mary E. Hough ………… 16 – Bible School. Mount of Olives ………… 404 – Conditions. Present, S. B. Rohold …….. 771 – To Win the World, John Oxenham …… 19 – Hotels, Bibles for ……………………… 566 – With God ………………………………. 7fi1 Polish Reformation …………………….. ,. 401 – Jewish Christians, Church …………….. 883 – Lepers, Work for ……………………… 566 Porto Rico – Lepers, Christian Endeavor – Unrest in ………………………………. 857 Among …. , …………………………. , 877 Fanama-Bible Selling in ………………… 225 –Leprosy in …………. , ………………. 66 Page Page Porto HicD Relief ……………………….. 475 Sunday-school Progress ………………….. 63 – ~ Seven in One ………………………… 560 – – Union, Egypt and Sudan ……………. 308 Supreme Person ami the Supreme Quest, Prayer for Missions, Day of …………….. 62 Robert A. Hume ……………………. 97 –Unity ………………………………… 58 Surinam-Bush Negroes of ………………. 8711 – Reasons for, New………………………. 62 Survey Help Does a ReligiOUS, Arthur H.

– World Day of .. ' … !)S. 47", S69, 9,.0 Armstrong …………………………… 517 Swedish Missions's Semi-Centennial ……… 153 Presbyterians, Two Million ……………… 973 Syria-After Jerusalem in Habib Subhaeyah 196 Syrian Mission, British …………………… 797 Prohibition in Germany ………………….. 880 Thirsty Land and God's Channels, Lilias – – Japanese Army ………………………. 76 Trotter ………………………………. 280 Tibet-Hope for, New …………………….. 145 – – Mexico ……………………………….. 808 – Pioneering in ………………………….. 887 – Rifles and Chaos ………………………. 410 – India …………………………………… 798 Tibetan Orphanage, Birth of, Dorris E.

– Student Sobriety Society ………………. &17 Shelton ……………………………… 258 Trotter, Lilias, of Algiers, Isabelle May …. 277 Protestant Episcopal Convention …………. 64 Turkey-Alphabet, New …………………… 231 – and lIIanual Labor …………………….. 966 Queensland Aborigines, North ……………. 77 – Bible Revision …………………………. 727 – Changes, Social ………………………… 797 Quest or a Conquest Robert E. Speer …… 346 – Mosques Demolished ……………………. 479 – Normal Again …………………………. 564 Race Relations, Institute for …………….. 704 – Opportunities in ……………………….. 404 Turkisli Straws, Charles T. Riggs ……….. 245 Radio, Broadcasting Gospel by, H. F. La- – Women as Pioneers ……………………. 480 Turks and the Bible …………………… 727 flamme ………………………………. 509 Tuskegee in Liberia ……………………… 812 Uganda-Wireless in ……………………… 230 – to Heart of Africa …………………….. 311 Union in China, Church …………………. 315 – – Korea, Church ………………………. 672 Relormed Churches, World Alliance of ….. 703 – – Scotland, Church ……………………. 858 – Lutherans Move Toward ……………….. 724 Rhenish Mission Centenary ………………. 152 – Methodists of Britain ………………….. 641 – Movements ….. ; …………………….. 487,703 Roman Catholic Counter Reformation ……. 67 – of Evangelic,,] and Reformed Churches … 974 – Presbyterian-Methodist ….. ,…………….. 414 Rural Church Problem …………………… 638 United Home Mi<lsions in Canada ………… 224 – Presbytsrlah Anniversary ………………. 558 – Pastors 'Vhy Summer Schools for, Ralph United States, Census of Federated Churches 148 – – Chapel in a Hotel …………………… 130 S. Adams ……………………………. 461 – – Chinese Baptisms in Berkeley ………. 66 – – – Communists, Help for …………….. 224 – Missions, Importance of ……………….. 317 – – – Pl'esbyterian Church and Day Schools Russia and China ……………………….. 949 Anniversary …………………………. 489 – Baptisms ………………………….. 613 – – – Students' Christian Association An- – Bible Fami"e ………………………….. 308 niversary ……………………………. 891 – – Denominations Get Together ………… 488 – Flocks Without Pastors ……………….. 809 – – Evangelism, Federal Council ………… 303 – Godles. .. . .. . . . . .. . . .. .. .. . . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. 492 – — Foreign-Born, Training ……………… 638 – – – Missions at Home …………………. 398 – Moscow Urges War on Religion ……….. 153 – – – Students' Challenge ……………….. 558 – – Foreigners, Practical Work for …….. 175 – Pastors for …………………………….. g80 – – Hardships Today, Pioneer …………… 396 – – Industrial Institution for Women ….•. 55 – Religious Antagpnism ………………….. 7~1 – – Jewish Christllins ……………………. 720 – – League of Evangelical StUdents …….. 120 – – Reign of Terror, Paul Hutchinson ….. 835 – – Mexicans in ………………………. 224, 304 Russian Anti-Religious Campaign ………… 227 – – Penitentiary for Women ……………. 892 – – Penticost, Commemorate …………….. &90 – "League of Death" ……………………. 2"8 – – Rural Pastor ………………………… 390 – – – Problem, Attacking Our, Clarence A. – View of Evang1elism in Russia, Th. Aubert 839 Shake ……………………………….. 266 Russia's ReligiOUS 'Vave …………………. 68 – – Statistics, l!Jeligious ………………. 418, 579 – – Students' Beliefs …………………….. 489 Sacrifice Justified. Missionary. Hugh T. Kerr 335 – – Survey, Result of a …………………. 396 – – Union, Church ………………………. 487 Salvation Army Reform ……………. '.' ….. 226 – – West, Challenge of the, Meddleton S.

Samoan Church Centenary ……………….. 317 Barnwell …………………………….. 11 – – Women, Federal Industrial Institution Scotland-Gambling, Glasgow Hits ……….. 723 for ………………………………….. 55 – Missions in United Free Church ………. 879 – – – Federal Penitentiary for …………. 892 —Unique Work Among ……………… 520 – Fnited Church in Yoo …………….. .400, 858 Youth in Foreign Mission Movement, Mildred Scriptures, Foreign-Language ……………. 396 Welch ……………………………….. 59 Service, Seven Lessons on Christian, Arthur – – Youth, Neglected ……………………. 30~ T. Pierson ……………………….. .458, 761 – – Youth's Service Bureau, Chicago …… 891 Siam-Chinese in …………………………. 137 Unity, Prayer for ………………………… 58 – Missions, Century of, Lucy Starling …… 5 Unoccupied Fields ……………………….. 780 – Sixty Years in ………………………… 482 Vatican's Temporal Kingdom …………….. 288 Siam's King at Centennial ……………….. 417 Venezuela Earthquake ……………………. 723 Siberia, Lutherans in Korth …………….. 562 Waldenses Today …………………………. 643 Singh, Sadhu Sundar, at Sabathu, A. J. Ap- Wang, C. T ………………………………. 73 paseny ………………………………. 440 War, Conference on Cause ana Cure of …. 56 – – – and Other Sadh us ………………… 407 Why I Became a Christian, John A. Subhan 105 Slavery in Africa, Theodore Burtt ………. 31 Wilder Memorial in India ……………….. 777 – vs. Missions ……………………………. 230 Williams, John E., and Turning Point in China, Murder of …………………… 679 Sleeping Sickness, Battling ………………. 310 Slessor, Mary, Memorial F'und ……………. 645 Social Conditions in Egypt, Daisy G. Philips 908 Song-All the World …………………….. 550 South America. Hoover's Visit to ………… 8:'3 – – Moravian Missions and Rats ………… 151 – – Religious Awakening ………………… 808 – – Union, Inland ……………………….. liiO Spain, Colporteur in …………………….. 562 – Y. M. C. A. in Barcelona ……………… 723 Spiritual Remedies for Physical Ills, W. T.

Reid …………………………………. 39 Statistics-Medical Missions ………………. 352 Stewardship Campaign in India …………. ?33 – in Korea ……………………………….. 651 Stock, Eugene, Memorial …………………. 562 Stockholders, Missionary …………………. R7!) Student Conference, World ………………. 567 – Olncers, World's ……………………….. 572 – Sobriety SOCiety ……………………….. 6.~7 – Work in Greece ……………………….. 22S Students, League of Evangelical …………. 720 – of Britain at Liverpool ………………… 306 Study BOOks for Every One ……………… 495 Sudan, Advance In ……………………….. 563 – Interior Mission ………………….. .402, 644 – Missionaries. More …………………….. R09 Sumatra, Religion in …………………….. 413 – Reorganizes ……………………………. 487 Summer Schools for Rural Pastors? Why, Ralph S. Adams …………………….. 464 Sunday-school Conference in Bible Lands .. 311 Page Page VjIlialllstowll l'ketillg of J. rvI. e., Esther WOlnenls Progress in JUl)an G50 Strong ……………………………… 665 World Day of Prayer …. . 472 Women and Children Last, Laura 11. Vhite 901 – Dominion Movenlent …… !.liS – in Annual Hoard Meetillg .. ..' … …. (if, – Wide Program, Jesus', S. J…r. Morris…… 17 – – Egypt, Daisy G. Philips ………… 90~ Wu, 7i Fang …………………………….. 557 –the Church ………………………….. 47:1 Wyckoff, Mrs. M. J., J. J. Lucas ………… 43 – National Commission of Protestant Church 634 Y. M. C. A., Colored ……………………. 559 – National Council of Federated Church … 636 – in Barcelona, Spain ……………………. 723 – of Holland Unite ………………………. 411 – – Czechoslovakia ………………………. 880 – Status of ……………………………… 377 Y. W. C. A. in the Canal Zone ………….. 150 – Unique ,York Among ………………….. 520 – – Near East ………………………….. 565 – World Fellowship of Christian, Mrs. Henry Youth and Foreign Missions, Stanley High .. 393 W. Peabody …………………………. 876 — in Foreign Mission Movement, Purposes 'Vomen's Christian Temperance Union of and Possibilities for, Mildred Welch .. 59 India , ……………………………….. 406 – of Tomorrow, African, Max Yergan …… 187 – Conference, Pan-Pacific ……………….. 139 – Movements in Europe ………………….. 857 BOOKS REVIEWED Page Page Across the World of Islam, Samuel M. Judson of Burma, Alfred Mathieson …….. 814 Zwemer ……………………………… 159 Kingdom Without Frontiers, Hugh Martin .. 734 Letters of Maxwell Chaplin ……………… 656 Aggrey of Africa, Edwin W. Smith …….. 979 Liberia-Old and New, James L. Sibley …. 735 Mexico Before the World, Plutarco Elias Anatomy of African Misery, Lord Olivier .. 733 Ancient Chinese Political Theories, Kuo- Calles……………………………….. 80 Mexico, Past and Present, George B. Winton 816 cheng Wu …………………………… 158 Missionary Education in the Church, Herbert Are Foreign Missions Done For? Robert E. Wright Gates ……………………….. 79 Speer ……………………………….. 415 Missionary Education of Primary Childl'en, Authority of the Bible, C. H. Dodd ……. . Wilhelmina Stooker ………………… 655 ……………………….3d Cover, September Missionary Imperative; Editor, Elmer T.

Awaking World, Stanley High …………… 78 Clark ……………………………….. 814 Behind the Scenes, Samuel H. Chester …… 239 Missions in a Changing World, W. W. Pinson 78 Moslem Mentality, L. Levonian ………….. 493 Bible Dramas, William Ford Manley …….. 320 Mussolini and the New Italy, Alexander Rob- Book for Boys and Girls, John Bunyan; ertson ……………………………….. 815 Edited by E. S. Buchanan ………….. 239 Near East and American Philanthropy, A Case for Christianity, Clement F. Rogers .. 493 Changing Family, George W. Fiske ……… 736 Survey; Frank S. Ross, C. Luther Fry, Elbridge Sibley …………………….. 574 Character Building Through Recreation, Ken- Negro Problems in Cities, T. J. Woofter .,. 575 neth L. Heaton ………….. : ………… 574 1,(){'() City Churches, H. Paul Douglass …… 575 Children of the Chief, May Entwistle …….. 816 Persia Old and New, W. Wilson Cash …… 813 Children of the Light in India, Mrs. Arthur Pilgrimage of Buddhism, James Basset Pratt 494 Pioneer Days in Hawaii, Oliver P. Emerson 653 Parker ………………………………. 576 Prayers for the Way, John S. Bunting ….. 896 China Christian Year Book for 1928, Edited Protestantism in the United States, Archer by Frank Rawlinson ………………… 159 B. Bass ……………………………… 734 Christian Unity-Its History and Gains, Jack- Red Lama, Mildred Cable and Francesca son Siosser ………………………….. 654 French ………………………………. 3~O Church in the Changing City, H. Paul Doug- Report of the Jerusalem Meeting of the In- lass ………………………………….. 575 ternational Missionary Council …….. 159 City's Church, H. Paul Douglass ………… 574 River Plate Republics, W. E. Browning …. 816 Seven Thousand Emeralds. Frank C.· Lau- Crowded Ways, Charles Hatch Sears …….. 575 Deeds Done for Christ, Sir James Marchant 160 bach ………………………………… 980 Desire of All Nations, Egbert W. Smith …. 158 Stories of Grit, Archer Wallace ………….. 240 Far Eastern International Relations, Hosea Tales of Pioneers, Archer ,Vall ace ……… 655 Ballou Morse and Harley F. MacNair .. 416 Temple Gairdner of Cairo, Constance Pad- Farmer, ,Vu, the Man Who Baptized Him- wick ………………………………….. 980 self, C. N. Lack …………………….. 158 Three Boys on the Yangtze, B. M. McKinley 160 Foreign Missions Fnder Fire, Cornelius H. Through Central Africa. W. J. 'V. Roome .. 979 Patton ………………………………. 415 Top of the World, Welthy Honsinger ……

From Jerusalem to Jerusalem, Helen B. ……………………….. " .3d Cover, March Montgomery …………………………. 655 Training for World Friendship, Ina Corinne Gosi>€1 for an Age of Thought, A. Z. Conrad 493 Brown ……………………………….. 893 Hannington, James, of Africa, Charles D. Under the North Star, Katharine E. Glad- Michael ……………………………… 656 felter ………………………………… 654 History of Christian Missions in China, K. S. Where Polar Ice Begins, S. H. Gapp …….. 736 Latourette …………………………… 318 Why and How of the Women's Missionary Humanity of God, John Wright Buckham .. 734 Union, Wilma G. Bucy ……………… 816 Immigrant Farmers and 'Their Children, Ed- Why Believe It? Delavan L. Pierson …….. 318 mund deS. Brunner …………………. 895 Why Protestants Are Needed in the Philip- In Spite of Han<;licaps, Ralph W. Bullock .. 79 pines, Frank C. Laubach ……………. 80 Japan and Christ, M. S. Murao and W. H. Windows into Alaska, Gertrude C. Warner Murray Walton …………………….. 894 and Elizabeth Harris ……………….. 654 Ja:pan Mission Year Book; Editor, Paul S. Youth and the New America, G. Bromley Mayer ……………………………….. 733 Oxnam ………………………………. 159 Jerusalem: A Critical Review of "The World Mission of Christianity," Roland Allen 136 Jerusalem Meeting of the International Council, Report …………………….. 237

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1929

A P AGANI ZED AFRICAN W'OMAN AT " HOME"-IGNORANT AND

THE MISSIONARY ._.

REVIEW OF THE WORLD DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor CONTENTS-November, 1929 LET YOUR GIFT to Foreign Missions Page ~'RONTISPIECE-Heathenlzed and Mod- PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME ernized African Womanhood You can make a generous gift to foreign mis- HUlIlE O~' AHMEDNAGAR ………•• sions and have a needed income for yourself and others from the money you give by the · •.•••••.•••.••…•• ALDEN H. CLARK 821 MAKING MEN AS WELL AS LUMBER- Annuity Gift Plan MEN ….•..•.. FRED H. RINDGEJ JR. 828 This plan reHeves you of uncertainty and IN MONGOLIA BEYOND THE OUT- worry caused by changing values of invested funds and assures you a fixed income of POSTS OF CHRISTIANITY .••••••• • ••..•••••••••••. GEORGE W. HUNTER 832 4t% to 9% per year RELIGIOUS REIGN OF TERROR IN RUSSIA …….••• PAUL HUTCHINSON 835 for the rest of your life RUSSIAN VIEW OF EVANGELISM IN RUSSIA …………………….. 839 A reserve fund of over $1,500,000 guarantees WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM KOREA? the prompt payment of annuities to you. · •..•..••..•…•.••. H. KERR TAYLOR 843 THE MODERNIZED AFRICAN WOMAN Protect yourself against Joss through unwise investments and at the same time • ••••••••••. MRS. J.OHN M. SPRINGER 846 help send the gosDel to all the world.

'rIlE APPEAL OF INDIA ……•…•• For full r."n,formation w'r£te ……………. .. PAUL J. BRAISTED 850 Erne.t F. Hall, Secretary, De"t. 01 Annuitie.

MENNONITE WORK IN ARGENTINA BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. K. HERSHEY 852 of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

156 Filth Aveaue, New York TOPICS O~' THE TIMES …………. 854 The Bible To-day Dr. Matt's Missionary Projects The Ca.mpaign in Japan a cheer-bringer,an informer,an instructor Ll. Fo.rwOJrd Movement in Ohina —in a word–ca concise and thoroughly Youth Mo'vements in Europe evangelical, up-to-the-minute magazine , Unrest in Pa~e8tine that has as its readers and subscribers Church Union in Scotland those who wish to keep abreast of the times and in touch with strong and able ~I~:~~?'kt:~! ~O~~:'R:. i: J;'ii~so'; 859 moulders of Christian thoughts and lives, leaders in the evangelistic world to-day. WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MIS- SION BULLETIN ……………•.. 869 DON O. SHELTON, LL.D. Editor WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK ……….•• 877 The Missionary Review of the World, $2.50 BOOKS WORTH READING ……•.•• 893 BOTH $2.75 TEUMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBr.ISHING COl{w PANY, INC. All rights reserved THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING The Bible To-day $1.00 COMPANY, INC. SAVE 75c.

ROBERT E. SPBRR, Pre8ident Address your order to either office. WILl, lAM 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Viae-President THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer 156 Fifth A.nDUI!, New York City Publication Office, 3d & Relly St., Harrisburg, THE BIBLE TO·DAY Pa. 250 a copy. ~2.50 a year. 340 Wo.t 55th Streot, Now York Cily }Jditorilll and BUSiness Office, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Subscribe to these two indispensa- i Entered as seeond-cluss matter at tbe Post hie magazines _I Office. Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of' March 3, 1879. .

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OB THill WORLD in writing to advertisers. CHRISTIAN AFRICAN GIRLS AT LOVEDALE INSTITUTE TRAINED 'FOR SERVICE THE EFFECT OF THE GOSPEL ON AFRICAN WOMEN

LII, No. 11 November

THE MISSIONARY NIEW7te HUME OF AHMEDNAGAR BY REV. ALDEN H. CLARK, D.D., Ahmednagar, India, Principa.Z oj the Union Theological Colleuc~ Ahmcdn(Juar T OWARD the end of June the of the Kingdom of God and man, leading citizens of Ahmed- at home in the world." nagar, of every class and The record of his childhood takes creed, gathered to pay honor to us back to the pioneer years of misthe memory of Robert Allen Hume, sionary privation and heroic sacrinews of whose death in Boston, on fice. His father was of staunch June 24th had been cabled to India. Scottish ancestry and a man of The chief British official of the dis- scholarship and ability. His mother trict presided and addresses of ap- was aNew England Puritan of preciation were made by the culture and deep devotion. They leading Mohammedan, Parsi and volunteered for foreign missionary Hindu of the city. Dr. Hume had service in 1839 and sailed for Bombeen retired from Ahmednagar for bay in a two-masted brig, going some years but at this commemo- around the Cape of Good Hope and rative service his fellow citizens taking five months for the journey. gave striking expression to their The quality of Mrs. Hume's mis- appreciation of his life and service sionary spirit was indicated by the among them. fact that on the journey she was Dr. Hume was fond of calling the means of converting the Afhimself, "A Scotch-American-Indi- rican cook and she brought great an." He explained: "My forbears pleasure to the Sultan of Zanzibar were Scottish. I am an American by demonstrating the use of a piano citizen. I am a son of the Orient, that had just come to him as a gift born in India. Really I am a citizen from Queen Victoria.

of the Kingdom of God and of man, After fifteen years of fruitful at home in the world." Consulted and many-sided missionary service, and trusted by a succession of Mr. Hume was attacked by tropical Governors, the friend of eminent dysentery and was ordered by his Indian statesman and social re- physician to try a change to the formers, a leader among mission- cooler climate of South Africa, so aries, a devoted servant of the Mrs. Hume, with their seven small Indian church and well-known and children, of whom Robert was the influential in wide circles in Amer- eldest, embarked on a small sailing ica, Dr. Hume was indeed "a citizen vessel, Mr. Hume being carried on 821

a stretcher. The voyage was genious methods and exerting a stormy, the cabin small and stuffy. strong influence over his fellows, All were sick. Robert had a severe while at the same time, he showed convulsion. The father grew worse unusual ability in his academic and finally died. Amidst the weep- work. Mrs. Hume had moved the ing of the children the body of their home to New Haven to facilitate father was committed to the Indian the higher education of the chil- Ocean. Something of the quality dren. After graduating with dis- of the faith that Dr. Hume was to tinction from Yale, Robert Hume show through his life was then re- spent some time in teaching. His vealed when the little boy, feeling mother had, from his childhood, his responsibility as the oldest, said dedicated him to missionary serv- to his mother "All right, mother. ice and he, after a time when he God and I will take care of you." was allured by the prospects in the Weeks afterward, the widow and realm of law and politics, had her seven little children landed in wholeheartedly decided to go out to Boston and a prosperous uncle of- the work in which his father had fered to adopt Robert as his heir, laid down his life. His younger but Mrs. Hume decided to keep the brother, Edward, had made a simi- family together and they settled lar decision, but they had deter- down to a life of poverty and mined not to leave America without struggle in Springfield, Massa- making provision for the beloved chusetts. Often did Dr. Hume in mother to whom they owed so later years express his gratitude much. By 1874 they had saved to his mother because, instead of enough from their salaries as allowing him to be brought up in teachers to buy their mother a ease, she trained him in industry, home in New Haven. Robert mar- economy, mutual helpfulness and ried a daughter of the Marathi Mis- profound Godliness. One of the sion, and set sail for India, thus ways in which Robert helped was beginning what was to be over half by delivering copies of the Spring- a century of service so rich, so field Republican to subscribers. varied, so dominated by the spirit This meant getting up between of Christ as to place him high in four and five o'clock in the morn- the list of the great Christians of ing. In the winter his coat would his day.

sometimes freeze stiff upon his :Beginning Work in India body; and when there was a storm it would stand alone upright Immediately on landing in Bom- on the kitchen floor, on his return bay they were sent to Ahmed- home. Robert would not only be nagar, a city of some significance the first boy to report for duty, he in the history of India. It is the would have the cheeriest word for administrative headquarters for a all and the heartiest laugh at any district of three quarters of a mil- joke and because of his fitness he lion people and a military center of was soon made the foreman of all importance. This means that many the paper boys. civil officials and military officers As he went on into higher educa- live here and that the city has a tion he showed the same qualities considerable group of Indians of of enterprise and responsibility, education and of prominence in earning his way by various in- politics and business. However it

HUME OF AHMEDNAGAR

was not this fact that gave Ahmed- treated him as a member of their nagar its importance as a mission- family, giving him the sympathy ary center. It was rather that in and support that were of vital imthe city and surrounding villages portance to him in that crisis. Mr. Christianity had early met with a Tilak became a teacher in the greater response than it had found Theological Seminary and turned elsewhere in western India. A to Dr. Hume for advice and help in group of noteworthy missionaries every important situation. Much and Indian Christians had given of the remarkable effectiveness of leadership of high quality to the this great Christian poet was no Christian movement. Ahmednagar doubt due to the wisdom and symalready gave promise of being the center of training for Christian ROBERT ALLEN HUME service that it soon became. On reaching Ahmednagar Dr. Hume pathy of his equally great Christhrew himself into the life of the tian friend. What was true of Tilak church, began evangelistic work was also true of many other Inand cooperated in the organization dians, whether students of Dr. of a greatly needed theological Hume's or not. To all he extended seminary. One element in the a sympathy and an unstinted helpsignificance of Dr. Hume's mis- fulness. He was preeminently a sionary service is its continuity. friend, advisor and inspirer of any- For over fifty years Ahmednagar one who he could aid and counted was his base. He became "Hume no expenditure of time or effort of Ahmednagar" to the Christian for the sake of an Indian brother world. as too great.

During all his years of mission- Soon after arriving in Ahmedary service Dr. Hume gave much nagar Dr. Hume was asked to take time to the training of Chris- charge of Christian work in the tian leaders. He looked upon that work, as, on the whole, the most rewarding of his career. Over two hundred Indian ministers and evangelists were trained in the seminary under his inspIrmg leadership. Many of them went out to serve in positions of great responsibility in almost every church in Western India. Dr. Hume followed the careers of these men with affection and they, in turn, continued to look up to him for sympathy and advice. Among the most notable students of the Seminary was the late Narayan Waman Tilak, the famous Marathi Christian poet. He came to Dr. Hume immediately after his baptism. His own family for a time disowned him and Dr. and Mrs. Hume

Parner District, an area contain- church life of Ahmednagar. Sev- ing some seventy-five villages. eral times, when it was pastorless Christian development in this area he acted as pastor of the large had barely begun. There was one First Church. His greatest visible pastorless church, with eleven monument is the beautiful church members. Dr. Hume threw himself edifice, seating 1,300 people, which into this work with all his remark- was built under the stimulus of his able energy and ability to find fresh leadership. The congregation had ways of approach to the hearts and far outgrown the old building. The lives of the people. Schools sprang crowding, added to the inadequacy up. Friendships with all classes of the structure, made difficult the were established. People began to development of the spirit of wor- come out as Christians in con- ship. To the task of furnishing a siderable numbers. In his forty more fitting center of Christian years of connection with this dis- worship for the city Dr. Hume ad- trict Dr. Hume saw about a thou- dressed himself. The great new sand men and women brought into building is in the very heart of the church fellowship; he gave pri- city. Its special feature is a beauti- mary education to some thousands ful dome, symbol of the unity of of villagers, the best of whom were God. The whole is designed to give sent on into high schools and nor- to the Indian church a place of mal schools and are now found in Christian worship which is in har- positions of usefulness in many mony with the best things of her parts of India. He left behind him own past. As this prophetic build- a corps of Christian workers, a ing was being built Dr. Hume went group of churches and eighteen daily to look over the work with substantial buildings for Christian painstaking care. Standing amid work. A distinctive feature of this the piles of material he would pray district work was the way in which that this great undertaking might Dr. Hutne linked up individual be blessed of God to the develop- workers and churches in India with ment of a spirit of true Christian individual Christians and church worship and service. It is a most groups In America, thus making it appropriate decision of the Indian a very effective means for spread- church, made since the news of Dr.

ing inter-racial understanding and Hume's death was received, that sympathy. this beautiful building should be For many years Dr. Hume co- named the Robert Hume Memorial operated with the churches of Church.

Ahmednagar in Christian work. A Friend to All Village Christians drifted into the city in large numbers and he and Dr. Hume did not confine his in- his devoted wife concerned them- terestin Ahmednagar to the Chris- selves in many kinds of effort for tian community. He was the friend them as well as for those of the of all. . He served for some years older Ahmednagar community. on the Municipal Council. His pub- One of his last projects for the lic spirit received unprecedented good of the community was a hous- recognition when he was elected by ing scheme which he carried his fellow citizens as one of their through successfully. Dr. Hume representatives to the Indian Na- took especial interest in the actual tional Congress. In the meetings

HUME OF AHMEDNAGAR

'['lIE ROBERT A. HUME MEMORIAL CHURCH A'l' AIIMEDNAGAlt of the Congress he came into touch relief work for people without diswith able leaders from all parts of tinction of caste or creed, under India, many of whom became his the general direction of three difwarm personal friends. He would ferent committees. The total make a point of delivering a lecture amount of aid thus distributed was in the city where the Congress met almost two million dollars and the and he would print and distribute work was done so efficiently and to all Congress members and their wisely as to call forth a chorus of friends a prayer appropriate to the approval. This famine work left occasion. Those who had opportu- Marathi Mission a legacy of about nity to observe it wondered at the 3,000 famine orphans to be cared influence of Dr. Hume over Indian for and trained for useful citizenleaders from every part of that ship. To accomplish this Dr. Hume, great land. on his own responsibility, called to India two American experts, an A community service of Dr. agriculturalist and an industrial Hume's which attracted wide- engineer. Both of these men came spread interest was his remarkable to be recognized by the Governwork during the famines which ment as leading experts in their swept over wide areas in India own lines. It was especially in from 1897 to 1900. He was the recognition of his services in famprincipal administrator of famine

ine days that Queen Victoria later life was that for actual church conferred upon Dr. Hume the union. It was largely due to his Kaiser-i-Hind gold medal for public untiring effort that the United service in India. Church of Northern India, bring- Dr. Hume's creative mind was ing together about 200,000 Chris- bound to express itself not only in tians from a wide area and from such activities as we have here de- many varying backgrounds, was scribed but also in writing. For formed. It was natural that he a considerable period he was the should be chosen the first Modera- English editor of our Christian tor of the General Assembly of weekly, the Dnyanodaya. He wrote this United Church. Even after many leaflets which were so clear, his retirement and in spite of so simple, and so full of Christian physical handicaps he took the spirit that they were the means of journey from America to Lau- spreading the most vital Christian sanne as the representative of the truths among the educated classes United Church of Northern India of India. Dr. Hume was in the to the World Conference on Faith habit of sending these leaflets to and Order.

a long mailing list of Indian and This brief recital gives no ade- American leaders, often address- quate impression of Dr. Hume's ing them with his own hand. Dur- vital personality. There was some- ing his furloughs in America he thing in him that drew the affec- was asked to deliver courses of tion of those who came in contact lectures. These he prepared with with him. British officials, Indian great care, and published in two political leaders, churchmen in books that have had wide influence America, and humble Christian uIlder the titles "Missions from the converts in his district, all looked Modern View" and "An Inter- to Dr. Hume with deep affection.

pretation of India's Religious Why? Because he gave himself to History." them with equal warmth of friend- One more aspect of Dr. Hume's ship. "Comeraderie" was a word many-sided service deserves espe- he often used and to which his own cial notice-his part in the inter- attitude gave rich meaning. One denominational movements. He time he said to me, "So far as I threw himself with enthusiasm in- know myself I have nothing in my to everything that tended to bring heart but good will for everyone."

Christians together. He saw in I believe that this statement was the Christian Endeavor movement true. It was all the more note- when it first came to India some- worthy because Dr. Hume had thing that could help to develop those who criticised and opposed Indian initiative and interdenomi- him. Such a dominating person- national effort and gave it warm ality as his was bound to excite support, becoming for a time its some strong antagonisms. Yet no president. He was a prominent matter how vehemently anyone figure in all the earlier coopera- might attack him, Dr. Hume al- tive efforts among missions and ways remained his friend. He was one of the first presidents of was too large-spirited to cherish the Bombay Christian Council. But grudges.

the effort that called forth the From a record of his accomplish- most enthusias~ic service of his ments one can gain an idea of his

HUME OF AHMEDNAGAR

great efficiency, but one cannot Governor of Bengal, he said to gain an idea of the delightful him "Your Excellency, the finest humor that gave poise and balance code of statesmanship ever written, to it all. At one time Dr. Hume was which I commend to you in your called to testify before the Mon- dealing with the people of India, is tague-Chelmsford Commission that found in the thirteenth chapter of was gathering evidence prelimi- St. Paul's first epistle to the Corin- nary to the preparation of their thians." Dr. Hume impressed the plan of Reform of the Government leading officials as so deeply re- of India. As he came into the room ligious a man that they listened he saw that their minds were jaded with respect to such testimony as by the bewildering array of con- this. His preaching and his literary flicting testimony that was being work had the same prophetic quali- presented to them and he had the ty. It came out of the immediacy happy inspiration to make a joke. and vitality of his own religious Immediately the atmosphere was experience and so helped the reader changed and the minds of the com- or hearer to enter into a similar mission were prepared for his own experience.

statement. Once Dr. Hume went Growing out of his faith was his directly from the boat by which he victorious attitude toward life.

had arrived in Boston for furlough Death had no fear for him. It was to a training conference for out- but a doorway into a fuller life.

going missionaries. He stood Difficulties and discouragements among these young missionaries, a he accepted calmly and sought to short figure, in homely garb, and, turn them to account in bringing as he looked around his eyes began in the Kingdom of God. He was to twinkle and he said, "Friends, always ready to make great sac- its great to be a foreign mission- rifices in his single-minded de- ary." Then he went on to show in votion to Christ, yet one always simple fashion why he thought it had the impression that he made great. The outgoing missionaries light of sacrifices. They were will doubtless forget much of the merely an accepted part of a rich wise counsel they were receiving and happy life of service. Like in that conference. They will never Paul he counted them but refuse, forget the contagious enthusiasm since to him they were means of and the very human fellowship of closer fellowship with Christ. His Dr. Hume's talk. wife and his seven children en- A Source of Power tered to the full into his spirit. Five of his children have been mis- The deepest source of Dr. sionaries to India.

Hume's power lay in his sponta- Dr. Hume died in the Corey Hill neous and all pervading fellowship Hospital, Brookline, Mass., on with his Divine Father and his June 24, 1929 at the age of eighty- discipleship to Jesus Christ, the two. Following his strongly ex- Master of his life. Seldom did any- pressed wish his body was cre- one leave his study without having mated, and his ashes were taken in Dr. Hume offer a brief, simple, but an urn by his brother-in-law, Dr.

very real prayer. When Dr. Hume Edward Fairbank, to be deposited called on Lord Lytton, the then in Ahmednagar.

MEN AS WELL AS

BY FRED HAMILTON RINDGE, JR.'

" S FAR back as 1884 several classes, writing paper, athletic £'l. selected men were sent out goods and plenty of good cheer and by the Y. M. C. A. to serve uplifting influences were carried the Wisconsin lumberjacks. One far and wide. When this service of these hardy pioneers wrote the was at its height, the "Y" secre- following in his diary; taries traveled 50,000 miles in a Yesterday we walked eighteen miles single month visiting the camps, through the snow, and held a meeting and a total of 147,000 men particifor the boys in the evening. The roads were poor and our packs heavy. But the pated in the regular activities. All work is important and must be done. this resulted in better morale, hap- Two of our men joined the train bring- pier relationships and a larger outing the boys to town after pay day, put. Thus from small beginnings warned them about those who would rob them of money and character, and in- have come great accomplishments, vited them to make use of the "Y" room in the city. and the end is not yet!

In 1887 one worker had person- Y. M. C. A. service in the ally visited 156 camps in the Mid- lumber industry includes taking dle West and service had been or- the regular fivefold program of the ganized in Pennsylvania. These Association into the logging camps were small beginnings, with no and saw-mill towns. This program equipment except what the men carried on their backs. Since then, is adapted in different ways to local the "Y" work among lumberjacks conditions, and the work is always has made giant strides in Maine, supported by both employer and Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, employee, thus making it really mutual and democratic. Many Washington, Oregon and other forms of worth-while service are States. Scores of fine buildings promoted and even character-buildhave been established in towns and ing meetings are heartily enjoyed camps and hundreds of other by the lumbermen.

points have been served through The Secretary must be a real "extension work" from organized man. In one instance where log- Associations, or through State and gers were suspicious of a new Sec- International Secretaries. retary, the boxing gloves were DUring the war, the "Y" served brought out after supper, and the in over 200 camps on the Pacific "Y" man gamely took his turn and Coast where "soldier-loggers" were landed many a good blow. Then he getting out the spruce for Ameri- produced his cornet, played a few ca's aeroplanes. Secretaries were tunes, and asked the men to request stationed at strategic centers, and their favorite pieces. After a from there set out by auto truck hearty sing, the Secretary an- or on horseback to reach even the nounced that it was Sunday night most isolated camps. Movies, mag- and as the "Y" had a program for azines, entertainments, educational every day in the week, there would '" This article was sent to the REV1EW be a religious meeting. The "boys" shortly before his deuth folluwillg an operation in Septcmber.-EDITOR. readily responded and he gave a 828 short, straight-from -the-shoulder for a week. But a real "Y" man talk. adroitly organizes a Celebration Committee, and helps plan tugs-of- One day there came a sudden war, a parade, horse races, boxing call for help from the woods. The matches, open-air "concerts," ob- Secretary grabbed his stretcher stacle races, pie-eating contests, and with the "speeder," hurried etc., with the result that not only out to where the men were work· do the loggers remain in camp during. A big burly fellow had ing the holiday period, but when broken his leg. The "Y" man the whistle blows next day, every quickly bound it up with splints, worker is in his place with clear and with the help of another logger head and steady nerves. A lumber got the man back to camp on the manager recently said: "If the Secstretcher and later to the hospital. retary did nothing but that, it The injured man had been one of LOGGING MEN ENJOYING THE Y. 111. C. A. AT CAMP HUGH, ALABAMA the toughest in the bunch and had would be worth all the work costs. given all kinds of annoyance by Since the "Y" started in my camp, his deviltry. Some weeks later, as the average term of service of our he left the hospital, the logger loggers has increased several grasped the Secretary's hand with months!" a new resolve and said, "Things are going to be different when I Living conditions have been imget back to camp. I am for you!" proved in many places because of And things tvere different! the "Y" program. In one isolated camp the Secretary initiated a Logging camps are generally movement to build a new school. compelled to close down while the The funds were subscribed and men celebrate the Fourth of July much of the labor performed by and other holidays. On such days the men voluntarily after working the lumberjacks frequently "blow hours. This building was also used in" all their savings at one full for a Sunday-school and church, swoop and do not get back to work and was a great influence for good

among families of the community. shipyards. The Secretaries are Another service provided by the close to the men as is illustrated by Association and greatly appreciated by the men, was a dust-proof this letter from one of them: locker room with clothes hangers, where their best clothes could be The longer I follow this work, the kept in good condition until more firmly I become convinced that the needed. A Western Secretary welfare of the industrial man, whether physical, mental, social, spiritual, or ecowrites: nomic, must be sought through the me- dium of his family. If the workman In the past four days we have visited possesses a happy home life and does isolated camps twenty-five miles from not have the worry of domestic affairs a railroad. During our entertainments constantly facing him, he becomes a more I have seen men almost hysterical with effective worker. No amount of oratory relief from pent-up emotions and have and fine sentiment of the pulpit will let them laugh until they have laughed bring shipyard workers into the pews. it all out. And they have cried once in No high salaried officials sitting in cena while, too, hut care and worry and tral offices waiting to be interviewed will loneliness have faded. be of any great aid in this field. It is direct personal contact, not only with In one camp I met a lumberjack the worker himself, but with his entire who had not been home in twenty family that counts! The average man years. What does a fully equipped is floundering about aimlessly. Our job Young Men's Christian Associa- is to give him hope, purpose and hign tion and' a real, red-blooded, ideals. friendly Secretary mean to a man like that? "That 'Y' man is the Secretaries have spent many 'haulback' for all of us," exclaimed one fellow. Often, in spite of the hours in counsel and consultation company's best efforts, the down- with employers of labor, social pulling forces in the logging camps workers, labor organization offiare many and strong, while restraining influences are relatively cials, and with individual indus- few. One lad who came of good trial workers in an endeavor to get family was cursed with a weak will and low ideals. The strong the "feel" of relations and the cable of evil influences had landed him on the steep slide that plunges mental attitude of all classes. so many into the inferno of lost manhood. Profane of speech, im- There are times of discouragement, pure in thought and act, a poker fiend–he was going strong. It but all testify that the work is detold on his work and he was continually changing jobs. The Sec- cidedly worth while. One "Y"

retary helped switch him on to the man says: right track. When he came to himself the boy said: "Since coming After nearly a year of service in Close here many a hand has been contact and fellowship with thousands stretched out to pull me down, but of men daily, in the mill, in their homes, you alone have helped me to my in society, in sorrow and distress, in sickfeet again." ness and death, I have felt the heart throb of these people. I know their In addition to work in lumber thoughts, their habits, their desires, towns and camps, the "Y" has been their ambitions, their hopes and fears, rendering splendid service in the and after weighing all conditions, I am convinced that the most appreciative bunch of men in the world is this group that work, swear, and smile in my lumber town.

When a logging camp has acci- dents and law suits, and reports show that the operation is costing more than necessary, it is often due to lack of efficiency in the or- ganization. To secure maximum results, the enticements found in many camps must be eliminated.

If a man is employed in a saw-mill

THE PRICELESS BEQUEST

town or logging camp in which or- towns of 25,000. The work has der, sanitation, helpful amusement, succeeded with foreigners, Mexisociability and intelligence are un- cans and colored workers as well known, his standard of service as with native Americans. It has cannot rise above a thoughtless, made good with men of all reliirresponsible and correspondingly gions and of no religion. It has inefficient plane. Many loggers commanded the respect of both move from place to place, from no employer and employee and is still other cause than sheer mvnotony. going strong.

Most camps afford meagre op- One secret of the success of the portunity for the right use of lei- Association has been its non-patersure time, and yet, there are few nalistic basis and its unselfish places where more time is avail- Christian purpose. It does not take able. Already many employers are long for the men to discover that it cognizant of this, and are provid- is their organization. They help ing ways to improve the leisure support it, they run its activities, they reap the benefits. Needless to life and happiness of those who say the work of the "Y" by increaswork for them. ing education and improving char- acter, makes for both happiness A new era is upon us in the and efficiency. This means making world of industry, and the lumber better men as well as better luminterests will not be found lagging bermen. But the best results of behind. During the past decade, all, and the only work that abides, the agency that has made one of is when the men are led to know the largest and most successful Jesus Christ as their Friend and contributions in this field has been Saviour and to follow Him as their the Y. M. C. A. Specially adapted Divine Master. buildings have been established in camps of 250 men as well as in THE PRICELESS BEQUEST T HE Rev. William S. Marquis, of infinitely more value than any houses, D.D., who went to his Heav- lands or bonds I hereby devise or be- _enly home in August, left a queath to them. characteristically Christian "Last Will and Testament" by which he "Furthermore, I desire to testify in bequeathed to his children, with this formal document, when a man his earthly goods, a testimony "to weighs his whole life in the balance, to the truth and preciousness of the my joy in the service of Jesus Christ, Gospel of Jesus Christ." as a preacher of the Gospel and pastor, and also as a promoter of his great The will began with bequests of world-wide missionary enterprises repmaterial things and continued: resented by the benevolence boards of the church. "I desire also to bequeath to my children and their families, my testimony to "I do not need to remind my children the truth and preciousness of the Gospel how heartily their beloved mother joined of Jesus Christ. This heritage of the in all this service. We gave our lives to Christian faith, re~ived in an unbroken it. We systematically set apart more line from exiled and persecuted Hugue- than the tithe of our income to it. This not and Scots Covenanter ancestors, is was the highest joy of our wedded life. The service of Christ and His church made us partners of Christ and world citizens."

AND MONGOLS IN

.~·-Z- U'~'-G-~- R,';':-'- – 'L~.,_. /n DES E RT tf-;~;;-·- – – – -'- :…..-.-._.__ _ AKUl'……•……….r. – . – Q~'''''' Ro"t&ta..en _ _ Other rQads _ _ '.( Ft •__ •___._._ .1""'1""'" –'1'0 wmel ~oad5 ••• _" __ PI",es where we c~mJled n Camp S IN KIAN G , ZUNGARIA r,,.,*,.,,, ,/ I G.W.HUNTER SINI'IIANG IN MONGOLIA BEYOND THE OUTPOSTS OF CHRISTIANITY A STORY FROM THE DIARY OF REV. GEORGE W. HUNTER T IHWA-FU, the extreme out- stream of eastward migration car- post of the China Inland Mis- ried Mohammedanism into India. sion, lies in Sin-Kiang, a land These Moslem inhabitants still which is not properly in China at speak a language closely akin to all, and which in its mixture of Turkish, and have, by their reliraces, languages, and religions gious observances, somewhat modirivals the European Balkans. Once fied the Lamaism which prevails this district furnished the left over most of Mongolia. Another wing of Ghenhi Khan's conquering Moslem tribe in the district are the army, but other races have now Quazaqs, a strange race who may crowded in so that the Mongois are be related to the Tartar strain no longer in the majority. . underlying the Cossacks of Russia.

Many of these people in Tihwa- More recent settlers on this fu, and across the neighboring southwestern border of Mongolia Mongolian boundary, are Turgots are the Chinese, who came in after (or Turkis) who drifted in as a the Manchu empire finally consort of backwater when the great quered the district, and Russians 832

IN MONGOLIA BEYOND THE OUTPOSTS OF CHRISTIANITY

who have an eye on the undevel- of his robe, he pulled out a welloped mineral resources of the thumbed Kalmuk Gospel. region. He had bought it four or five Through a missionary career of years before from another Monmore than thirty years, George W. gol, and he carried it with him Hunter, a missionary of the China wherever he went, even when he Island Mission, has watched and was several days' journey away studied these peoples of various from home. races. The Quazaqs and Turkis, in particular, have interested him, On another occasion a band of and he has devoted a great deal of Quazaqs told the missionaries that time to translating portions of the they had bought some books the Bible into their language as well year before, and that they wanted as to distributing the Scriptures more. Still later they met a Rusamong all the peoples of western sian traveling in the company of Mongolia-a land in which there is some Quazaqs. Mr. Hunter gave not a single missionary. some Gospels to the Russian, who praised the book so highly and ex- One year, by way of summer pressed such deep gratitude that vacation, Mr. Hunter with his the Quazaqs also asked for books. fellow work'€r Mr. Mather traveled two thousand miles on horseback The religious leaders seemed as distributing Bibles and tracts in free from bigotry and as willing the isolated regions of the Altai to accept Christian books as the and Kobdo districts. The journey common people. At least three lasted three months and carried times on his journey Mr. Hunter the travelers through hot desert met Buddhist lamas who gladly acdepressions almost as low as sea cepted Gospels. Both on the way level and up over mountain passes to Kobdo and on the return trip which are above the line of per- the party stopped with a mullah, petual snow. The most remark- a writer in the head chief's yamen. able features of the journey were This man had previously helped the universal courtesy which Mr. Mr. Hunter with his translations Hunter and his companions met of the Gospels into Quazaq. On from members of all races and this occasion, as Mr. Hunter says classes and the willingness with in his diary, "He invited us into which representatives of all reli- his big, luxurious tent and regaled gions accepted the Christian Scrip- us with milk and mutton." tures. Government officials as well as On the very first day out Mr. religious leaders showed the party Hunter, with the aid of a little every courtesy. In the Altai dis- Mohammedan girl, sold three Gos- trict the military governor called pels in Chinese and one in Arabic. at the missionary encampment and A few days later in the Altai dis- both he and the Kobdo governor trict he met a Mongol from one of gave the party special passports. the Kalmuk tribes. Some idea of the remoteness of "Won't you buy a Gospel?" Mr. the area may be gained from this Hunter asked. entrance in Mr. Hunter's diary. "We visited the Russian consul (at "I have one," the Mongol replied, Kobdo) and he kindly gave us some and putting his hand into the folds Peking newspapers only a month old-the first we had seen for six 2

months. Themail from Peking to change, but the missionaries had no Kobdo goes by fast couriers and difficulty in making purchases by takes only one month." means of needles, thread, eye medi- cine, and matches as well as the Such a long journey in so remote Gospels which the people were ala district was naturally not with- ways willing to accept. out dangers. After leaving Tala Lake the party took the wrong Yet even in this remote teritory, road and got into the gorges of the where there are no railroads, where Bujantu River. Mr. Hunter's caravans of mountain camels bear diary for July 24th says, "Made a their loads of hides and wool and long detour today trying to avoid salt over the high passes, where the gorge, followed a path which herds of yaks graze on the table led us up a steep mountain. This lands, and where eagles are still path proved to be an old cattle trained for hunting purposestrack to some tents which had been even here the war has had a promoved away. We could not very found influence. In Kobdo Mr. well retrace our steps, so we Hunter met a number of Russian pressed on. The task got more dif- refugees, several of whom exficult as we ascended, and night- pressed great interest in his work. fall found us in a place where I At Altai, on the return trip, while fear the foot of man has seldom attending the christening of the trod. Huge boulders of rock Russian consul's son, he chanced to perched on ice and snow. There see a refugee woman trying to sell was no grass nor fuel, and our her sewing machine and household servant was much afraid. No won- goods. Later, on the road he met a der, for it was a really dangerous Russian general with a large party place. We divided a small piece of of military refugees on their way bread between us but did not eat to Kobdo. it, each thinking he had better save it until morning; so we went to During the entire journey Mr. rest hungry and tired." Hunter and his party disposed of six hundred portions of the Bible The next morning they found a -in nine distinct languages-as way over the east shoulder of the well as religious tracts in Chinese, mountain and later were fortunate Mongolian, Tibetan and Sarto enough to meet some Quazaqs who gave them mutton. The next day The willingness of these strange they came to a river valley in which they could gather quantities of nomadic tribes to hear the Chriswild rhubarb, onions, and mush- tian message, as well as the evirooms, and these added greatly to dences that even western Mongolia the diet of milk and mutton which will soon be in the path of Eurothey could get by trading with the pean civilization emphasize the im- portance of putting this country native peoples. Bartar, of course, on the Christian map of the world is common in this region, frac- by giving them resident mission tional currency being entirely un- workers and an opportunity to reknown. Compressed bricks of tea ceive the best elements of western are the most usual medium of ex- civilization before the worst ele- ments are thrust upon them.

REIGN OF TERROR IN RUSSIA*

BY PAUL HUTCHINSON, Chicago, Illinois I HAVE just come out of Rus~ But I have come out of Russia sia after two crowded weeks with the conviction that, before there. Entering by way of everything else, I must set forth Riga our party, under the leader- the facts as to the religious perse- ship of Sherwood Eddy, spent two cution which is now under way days in Leningrad, eight in Mos- and which is gaining in power. I cow, then sailed for three and a do this with a full sense of the re- half days about a thousand kilo~ sponsibility involved. . . . The meters down the Volga to Saratov. situation created by the religious Returning from Saratov-which is persecution now going on in Rus- within a day's steamship ride of sia is so serious that I dare not the Caspian-to Moscow, we came withhold this report a minute.

directly westward, crossing the As with almost every other so- Polish frontier and reaching War~ cial factor, there has been endless saw last evening. debate over the status of religion I have been tremendously im- in Soviet Russia. In the constitupressed by much that I have seen tion as originally adopted, freedom of religious belief and practice in Russia. There is power, drive was granted. The constitution has in the air-particularly in the now been amended, however, with Moscow air. People are not won~ the vague matter of "denominadering whether the golden days tional practices" substituted for are past, as they are in so much the former blanket religious guarof western Europe; for Moscow, antee. It is possible, of course, to at least, the best is yet to be. The construe such a term as amountgovernment creates this feeling of ing to a grant of religious libertypower. It seems to grip its task just as it has proved possible to with a directness, a completeness construe it in a diametricallydifof control beyond that of any other ferent fashion-but as a matter state we visited. There is a sense of fact, there is now under way as of achievement – in industry, in determined an effort to stamp out social reorganization, in producing vital religion as any government new cultural forms and norms, in has ever undertaken. The modern providing opportunity for mutual participation in the building of world has known nothing like it. what may become one of history's Not even in Mexico, where State great nations-that constantly as- and Church came into such direct serts itself, even in the face of the conflict, did the Government dream of attempting the work of reliobviously needy present. gious extermination which the *rrhls franl{ communieation from Paul Hut- Soviet Government is actively chinson diseusses the attitude of the Russian prosecuting. Government toward the Christian chUrches and all recognized religion. The author, an Ameri~ There is a certain sort of relican Christian with the viewpoint of America, gion against which the governhas spent two weeks in an attempt to learn ment seems to harbor no active what is beneath the religious persecution in animosity, probably because of a Russia, and has come out of that land determined to speak without fear. The commu- nication appeared in The Ohristian Oentury of September 18. 1929.

835

belief that it holds the seeds of cessful in the making of young death within itself. So long as the atheists than of young Commu- Orthodox churches are content to nists. Russia is actually rearing stay in the old ruts, and their an entire generation that affirms priests are content to confine their its belief that there is no God.

operations rigidly to the celebra- This is serious. But when you re- tion of an ancient liturgy largely flect that it is really the god of the couched in a dead language, the old church – the anthropomorphic State does not worry much about being who gave power to the tsar them. Even in such cases the life and held the common man under a of the priest, who is deprived of hideous spell of superstition-who all civic rights, is a hard one. But is thus being bowed out of Russian if he is willing to live in privation life, the present loss may be reand accept the derided status of a garded as a necessity for any fusocial parasite, the old-line priest ture religious gain. can go on. It is not of these things, so fre- The old style of Greek church quently reported before, that I am is acting, in the main, only as the now speaking. When I say that chaplain of the older, conservative, there is terrible religious persecu- and often densely ignor.ant por- tion now under way in Russia, I tions of the population-the people refer to the heavy penalties now who will die out within the next being inflicted on those who are twenty years, leaving no heirs, if attempting to minister to such en- Soviet expectations are realized. lightened Russians as still ac- But when a movement for a vital- knowledge a hunger in their souls ized, a modernized form of reli- and seek its satisfaction in reli- gion appears, that is something gion. Enlightened religion, vital else. Then you see the effort to religion, religion that is in thor- provide a modern education for the ough accord with many of the ex- priesthood brought to futility by pressed social aims of the Soviets, the Government's disruption of religion that can walk sure- teaching faculties; you see the so- footedly in the modern world- called Living Church movement religion of this sort is being perse- channeled off into various types of cuted systematically and savagely innocuousness. -as hundreds of bishops and Making a Godless Nation priests of the Orthodox church, of ministers of various Protestant This is not what I call religious bodies, and even of worshipers, persecution. Neither do I mean can testify.

the systematic anti-religious train- To mention names or places or ing to which all Russian children dates or occurrences connected are being subjected. Russia has with this persecution would be to now gone clear beyond the point precipitate drastic punishment on where teaching in the schools is persons in Russia; in several in- nonreligious. It is now made, by stances I have been warned that government order, aggressively any specific reference would be atheistic. Capable observers say tantamount to signing the death that investigation, whether in city warrant of those immediately con- or village, will show that 'the Gov- cerned. The world has already ernment has been much more suc- been told that the right of churches

RELIGIOUS REIGN OF TERROR IN RUSSIA

to carryon social work has been Iigion? Is not the Soviet Govern- abolished; that young people's so- ment strong? It certainly appears cieties under church auspices have to be stronger by far than any gov- been put under the ban; that the ernment in central Europe. Then teaching of religion to organized what can there be in the religion of classes, even in the churches, has these minority Protestant groups, been forbidden; that the work of or in that of the handful of genu- the traveling evangelist has been ine religious pioneers within the stopped; that the circulation of Orthodox church, that so arouses religious papers has been greatly its fears? To that question there reduced or their publication ended must be given a three-point an- entirely; that 300 Baptist preach- swer.

ers have been sent to jail; that 500 In the first place, the Soviet churches were closed last year. Government has been astonished, These things are true. But they and badly frightened, by the suc- are only a fraction of the truth. cess of the reform religious move- Eradicating Religion ments in Russia. This has been particularly true of the Protes- I am using words with care tants. Numerically, Protestants when I say that a reign of terror are still lost in the Russian mass.

has been instituted to eradicate But the rate of growth in recent the last vestige of vital religion years has been phenomenal. In from Russian life. For the sake ihe past two years this growth of the lives and safety of men and had begun to reach figures in the women in Russia, I must not give millions. If this rate had been names or specific instances. But maintained for another five years, I have personal, first-hand knowl- the Protestant constituency would edge that the Soviet Government have been numbered in the tens of is today closing churches whole- millions. A government committed sale; sending hundreds, and prob- to the establishment of an atheistic ably thousands, of persons to jail nation could not regard such an for the sole crime of religious ac- outlook cheerfully.

tivity; reverting to the old G. P. In the second place, the Govern- U. (secret police) terror, under ment has been aroused by the suc- which persons are arrested, tried cess of the Protestant churches in and sentenced without public trial, organizing the young people. It the employment of counsel, and was asserted by Bukharin at the frequently without letting even last convention of the communist the families of the accused know party that the· membership of where they are confined or with Protestant young people's societies what they are charged. A new had passed that of the Comsomols stream of exiles is starting for -the 'teen age organization of Siberia and Central Asia-exiles communists-and that the rate of who have never had a day in open growth was much more rapid.

court, and whose only offense has There was probably some exagbeen that of preaching or practic- geration in this, in an effort to se- ing a religion that showed signs of cure party action forcing govern- being able to maintain itself in the mental suppression of the societies, such as followed. But it is unface of the Soviet attack. Why this terrific attack on re- doubtedly true that the young peo-

pIe's societies of the churches were internationalism in this sense the growing at such a rate as to excite Soviets accept, even cheer, because the apprehension of the commu- of their economic necessity. Reli- nists, who place their hopes for a gious internationalism they regard communized Russia so entirely in as a threat.

the coming generations. For these reasons certainly, and In the third place, the reform- perhaps for others, the Soviet Government is today systematiing groups-particularly the Prot- cally subjecting the most vital eleestants – came under suspicion ments in Russian religion to because of their international con- relentless persecution. It is using nections. The Russian Govern- ment considers every other gov- the secret processes of the secret ernment in the world at war, con- police to do this-so secretly that structively, with it. It is not only multitudes in Russia have no idea afraid of future war; it conducts of what is going on. Whether this itself as if war is now going on. persecution has reached its full To have international connections strength it is impossible to judge. is, therefore, in a sense to be trad- But Protestants and the reforming ing with the enemy. From this priests are accepting their jail point of view, Russian Baptists terms, their banishments, their probably never had a worse dis- punishments of whatever kind service rendered them than when with complete courage and with the Baptist World Alliance last incredible calmness. year elected one of their number as its vice-president the reb y There is probably nothing that drawing attention to their con- the Christians of America can do to help their imperiled Russian nection with the "capitalist" world. In Moscow's anti-religious brethren at this juncture. If the museum, where the Government Federal Council of Churches sent the proper sort of letter to the seeks by all sorts of posters and Russian authorities, it might help exhibits to drive home the idea of the enmity of religion to the to make clear to them the effect welfare of the people, space in which such a policy, if persisted the corner devoted to attacking in, is bound to have on American the Baptists is given to a picture opinion. Or it might not have any of Henry Ford. Why? Because effect whatever. The Soviet Gov- Ford is said to be a Baptist! (The ernment is under the mental strain of a state of war with other na- Government is mistaken in this.) tions. Once this strain is eased, But the argument runs-Ford is the Government will feel less neca Baptist; Ford is a foreign capitalistic magnate; to be a Baptist, essary the stern repression of certherefore, is to be allied with for- tain elements. Out of that might eign capitalism. Q. E. D. The quickly come a lessening of the irony of this is clear when one drive against religion. Meanwhile reads the enthusiastic comments gentle women and noble men are of the Moscow press on Mr. Ford's being sent by the hundreds, percontract with the government to haps by the thousands, to the lone- build a factory at Nizni Novogorod liness of exile because they have for the production of up to 100,000 dared to preach or profess the Ford cars and trucks a year. But Christian religion.

A RUSSIAN VIEW OF EVANGELISM

RUSSIA I T IS of interest to see the evan- of social work. Their Gospel gelistic movement in Russia meetings are open to all who wish from the view-point of its ene- to come. This propaganda work mies, the atheistic rulers of that is done in the churches, in public country. The M 0 s cow paper places, among the workers in the Trude, says: "During the years of open air, or at the the doors of the Revolution the Church (i. e., their meeting rooms.

the Orthodox State Church) lost "A great part of their work- many of its adherents. The Sec- we should say their chief work-is tarians (Protestants), however, done among the young people. It have increased tremendously in is here that they use all their number…. There are about six strength, and they speak of 'the millions of them now in this coun- future generation' in every ser- try, not counting the nine millions mono This activity is often suc- of 'old believers.' [Those who, in cessful. It is a fact known to us the 17th century, refused to submit all that one of our 'Komsomolka'

to the secular reforms in the Or- (young Communist female leader) thodox church, introduced by the from the factory 'Presse' has gone patriarch, Nikon.] They take their over to the Evangelicals.

religion seriously, do not smoke, "The sectarians find it easy to and are distinguished by a strict gain new members from among morality. Before the revolution the unemployed, the seasonal work- the 'sectarians' did not number ers, coachmen, gardeners, etc.

more than one million. Their preachers even penetrate the "Former monarchists, social rev- workmen's barracks and converse olutionaries, police officers, and with them during their work. At members of the erstwhile nobility, the Red Gate (where our Labor are the leaders of these sectarians. Exchange is) a group of sectarians They know how to adapt them- are at work, and these members selves quickly to the spirit of the have adapted themselves especially times. They have the methods and to the type of work they are doing forms of the committee system and there.

party organization, and carryon "There is a large group of sec- active propaganda. tarians in a number of factories, "In a number of provinces (as chiefly of the textile industries, Smolensk, Bryansk, Twer, and oth- with their great number of work- ers) , they hold conventions where men from the country villages. In they discuss such problems as or- the weaving mills at W- I myself ganizing schools, hygiene, improve- know such a group of sixty per- ment of agriculture, and many sons (and credible accounts make others that are really the concern the number even larger), consist- of the Soviet authorities. ing mostly of women. The sec- "Every member of their commit- tarian preachers simply enter the tee is over-burdened with all sorts houses, and around the samovar 839

hold long conversations about tribute themselves in every nook Christ, the New Testament, and and corner of the hall. Thence the future life in Paradise. They they bombard the speaker with take no entrance fees to their Gos- questions, both verbal and writ- pel meetings, and everyone is wel- ten."

come. Even in such factories as The editor of the German Gospel 'Sickle and Hammer,' there is al- Weekly from which this account is ways a group of sectarians and taken, makes his own comments: their number increases every- "Evangelical Christians in the where. Russia of our day number at least "Their activities have extended six millions, and according to some much during the last few years. enemies, 10 millions. God has done They even dare to enter the lists a great work, and that is all the against the anti-religious cam- more remarkable because there paigns. If anywhere lectures are have been no mass conversions, as given against religion, they, too, has sometimes been the case under appear with their counter-propa- a more tolerant government. In ganda. Not content with that, they this case, confessions bring only undertake even to arrange for persecution and disadvantages.

some sort of discussions in the fac- "In the eyes .of their persecutories, chiefly· making use of the tors, Christians now are in Russia mid-day recess. (as they have been at all times and "In this manner our orators, everywhere) abominable crea- during the anti-religious compaign tures, full of malice and craftiness.

in Moscow last Christmas, were re- The 'virtuous' ( ?) communists peatedly faced with the opposition seem to have a hard time of it with of these sectarians. At the anti- these sectarians. With all their religion meetings of the mechanics might they carryon this campaign and housewives. where 1,300 per- against 'religion,' calling it 'the sons were present, a young secta- people's opiate.' But vain is all rian, after the lecture of Comrade their effort-the wicked (?) sec- L– carne forward and attempted tarian neutralizes all their well- to prove that 'even if some reli- meant attempts. Then Evangeli- gions are harmful, this could not cals are mightier than the Commu- be said of all of them.' Similar nists, because they fight with the scenes were enacted in a second Sword of the Spirit-the Word of meeting of the same district in the God.

P- works, where three sectarians "There are many signs that difmade counter-speeches, and also in ficulties and distress are multiplyother parts of the capital. In the ing on every hand in Russia. The general assembly of the workers in Government, through erroneous 'Sickle and Hammer,' they even measures, has become the enemy handed a resolution to the chair- itself of large sections of the peoman and demanded that it be pub- ple, and in consequence senses enelished officially. mies everywhere. The result. is a "All such demonstrations are severe conflict that brings unspeak- carefully organized and prepared able sufferings to the people. Be- before hand; the sectarians corne ing atheistic in principle, the rulers to the meetings in groups, and dis- of Russia see opposition and op-

A RUSSIAN VIEW OF EVANGELISM IN RUSSIA

ponents in every church and Chris- cerned. The spirits one has intian community, and fight them with every means at their disposal. voked refuse to be dismissed. This is by no means confined to the Evangelical movement, but the They threaten to devour the sor- Greek Orthodox Church no less so, and the latter has thus again be- cerers that have called theIII"out of come a 'martyr church.' It is easy to understand that the common the bottomless pit. Only the Gospeople (who for the greatest part belong to that church), have be- pel (the despised, hated Gospel) come embittered through these persecutions. can help.

"Knowing the philosophy of the "Even the young generation leading elements in Russia one does not marvel that immorality (espe- feels the horrible burden of these cially among the young people) is becoming a serious concern, even conditions (at any rate the better to the government. Whole columns of the Soviet newspapers discuss element do). One girl student this question. They emphasize that this moral swamp completely writes: undermines the prestige of the ruling party-the communistic group. It is the custom among us, to look down with a sort of malicious contempt "But how shall they get out of on everything that makes for beauty or this morass? That remains the order, either in clothing or housing. In 'doctor-problem' for the men in our campus one sees nothing but dust, power to solve. dirt, disorder-beds and rooms never tidy. The reason is NOT that important "It was the 'unrestricted liberty' work does not leave us time to remedy in contrast to the 'aristocracy no- this, but because it is supposed to be tions' that they have held out as a our duty to despise everything connected bait for the young people, to make with aesthetics. I do not understand them support their cause. All why this should be so, since our govsorts of facilities and privileges for ernment (a proletarian government at entry into schools and universities, that) being poor to the point of begging. as well as in appointments to the yet spends any amount of effort and various posts and offices in these money to make everything around us and other government institutions, look aesthetic and beautiful. But in our granted to members of communis- speech the most filthy language is most tic organizations, helped to swell approved, and if any girl (very few their ranks. But now these young dare to do it) protests, things only grow communists of the government will worse. They set out systematically to not hear of anything that the gov- inure the victims to ()Ur "mother tongue." ernment may want to do to put any check on these liberties obtained. This contempt for all that is beauti- ful, pure and healthy has for a result "However, anyone with his eyes that the same malice, coarseness and open can see that these things, if shamelessness predominates in an .intiallowed to go on unchecked, will mate intercourse. One is literally afraid lead to absolute dissolution, into a to manifest to one's bosom friend anymoral bog that will engulf all con- thing like tenderness, forethought, or consideration. There is no love among us. We only know the relations of the senses, for according to our philosollhy, love is contemptuously stigmatized as "psychology," whereas we should only be concerned with "physiology." Anyone who looks for anything else in the rela- tion of the sexes, is denounced as mentally inferior.

"The last clause of the words the poor girl quoted above, show like a flash of lightning the tap-root of all the bitterness Russia is reap- ing. This is the doctrine of this root of bitterness, i. e., that man has only a body, and neither soul nor spirit. It is the most horrible lie of Satan."

Another writer says: "It always ers, and it seems even that the is dangerous to see the actual situ- Tcheka is letting the religious ation in Russia in a too scheming groupings grow for a certain time way, fbrgetting that we are in to better seize their adepts. front of two hostile forces: those of the Bolshevist oppressions and "We recently had in our possesthose of the same elements of the sion a letter where was written Russian nation. These forces are something like this: 'The believers in constant fight, and the fact that are getting on with their task, but the Bolshevists today have the they perfectly know that arrest power does not prove that their and death are watching for them adversaries are entirely crushed. every day, and that they must be It would be, besides, disregarding ready to join their brothers who the real power of the religious are already suffering in the prison faith to think that it could be taken of Solovki or in Siberia.' out of the soul of a folk of 150 millions people by Soviet decrees and "Up to now the principal effort terrorist acts, so bloody. of the persecutors of the faith in Russia was directed against the "If the Soviet Government has Orthodox church. In tolerating not feared 'plunder and murder to the adepts of the different sects be used for weakening the religious they thought that they would organizations of Russia, the be- weaken the main religious organilievers have also proved an ex- zation. In 1928 the Soviet power traordinary tenacity and devotion, discovered its error and the fact and as they are a majority of the that religion, under any form, confolk, the Soviet power has been tains ideas that are incompatible obliged to admit that it was im- with Bolshevism. Actually the possible to deChristianize Russia Soviet press is constantly insistin a day. ing, with regard to all religious groupings, that tolerance of any "When the Tcheka murdered religious pUblications is unforgivpriests, new ones were taking their able, and is demanding their defiplace; the Soviet authorities shut nite suppression. Thus we have a the churches and cloisters, the be- copy of the Pravda, the official orlievers gathered wherever they gan of the Russian communist could, and the monks were recon- party, of Feb. 5, 1929, which constituting communities; at last tains a very violent article on that where it was getting impossible to subject. Its author finds the recelebrate the mass officially, and pressive measures insufficient. where the Orthodox communities were quite disorganized because of "It is. needless to sayan which the persecutions, Methodist or side must be the support of the other groupings arrived, and so re- Christian believers of Europe and ligion under a new form recon- America. quered the lost places. Yours sincerely, "The prisons are full of Believ- THE PRESIDENT, (Signed) Th. Aubert.

CAN WE LEARN FROM KOREA?

BY REV. H. KERR TAYLOR, Tsingkiangpu, Kiangsu, China Missiona.·y of the Presbyterian Ohurch, South SOMEONE has said that the Japa- nomenal work. I notice in some nese have a genius for governing, statistics that I picked up over there that the "board grant for current the Chinese a genius for being mer- work, per baptism," in 1927, was for chants, and the Koreans a grace for the being Christians. Canadian Presbyterians …… . $153.00 The Korean church everywhere is Southern Methodists, U. S…. . 138.00 interesting and the missionary to Australian Presbyterians …. . 119.00 China has much to learn in every Southern Presbyterians, U. S.. . 107.00 place. It is a wonderful thing to see, Northern Methodists, U. S…. . 106.00 Northern Presbyterians, U. S. as you pass on the train through villages and towns, the neat little only …………………. . 15.00 churches that stand out on the hillsides and give the landscape a touch For "board grant for current work, that belongs to long ago evangelized per communicant," the figures in the places. same order were: $13.27; $10.67; But perhaps the most interesting $12.82; $8.29; $7.12; and for the and helpful J)lace to visit is Pyengyang, Northern Presbyterians, whose work Northern Korea. Other near-by towns centers in the fine Pyengyang field, have fine work, but Pyengyang is their only $1.35. The work has gone forcenter. A college and theological semi- ward with a small Board grant. nary are there. foreign school, etc. It is a small oriental town, about 80,000 The question that concerns us is, people, and is the second city in the can that work be duplicated in China? little country. In that town there are What has caused the church to grow twenty self-supporting churches. I at- so in Korea as compared with parts tended seven or eight of these, met of the work in China, India, etc? their independent though cordial What has been done to put their work pastors, and thanked God for such a ahead and on so firm a basis? sight. Those churches were built practically entirely with native gifts, As someone has said, Korea is at and in two of the twenty churches I once the admiration and the despair saw the notice boards telling of over of all interested in mission work in 1,100 and 1,200 in attendance on the the world today. How can one account previous Sabbath. In one of the for the streets after streets of closed churches I saw over a thousand in at- business doors on the Sabbath in tendance at the main morning service; Korea, and the difficulty in China of they had had the same number at the bringing men to an appreciation of the Sunday School service a short time be- value of the day of rest? I want to fore. At night I slipped back just to jot down a few impressions gained from listening and observing and read- ing in Korea and here in China.

see that church filled again to the First of all, they magnify the Bible; doors, without foreigners, and with a they believe it, take pains to teach it, reverence that made you feel that here emphasize Bible classes, are reverent- after all was something genuinely ly jealous for it, and endeavor to live indigenous. strictly by it. This is certainly a fea- Pyengyang is the stronghold of the ture of the Korean work. Some of work of the American Presbyterian their Bible classes are quite remark- Mission, North, and I may as well sayable.

here that the Northern Presbyterian One thing that struck me especially work in Korea struck one as phe- in regard to the missionaries in Pyeng- nomena!. pven among generally phe- yang, as well as in other parts of 843

Korea; the missionaries believe the the Sunday service, the local elders or Bible through and through, and their leaders take charge. work is projected on a well understood loyalty to the whole Scriptures. There The missionaries learned from Dr. is no disposition to cavil over difficult John L. Nevius, this lesson of the inplaces and seek obvious solutions to dispensability of self-support to a real difficulties. They are impatient with church. They say frankly that the careless handling of the Word of God, mistakes of the China and India misand I believe God is blessing them ac- sion fields led them-in their more cordingly. Not even so-called minor recent mISSIOn venture-to avoid concessions to liberalism, are tolerated building over native groups of beby the Korean General Assembly. lievers a superstructure that was not theirs and that would not be carried Second, they require self-support; locally. They started right. they not only preach and urge it, but they feel that there is no church work Third, let me add another unquesworthy the name that does not pay its tionable feature of the work. It is way as it goes. that the Holy Spirit has signally blessed the Korean field. His doings They do not-that is, the missions are marvellous in our eyes. The home do not-employ seminary graduates churches have also inevitably reas preachers. They will support a boy sponded with adequate men and means or a man through school and seminary, to reap a rich harvest waiting to be but when .he gets his seminary reaped. The mission workers have diploma, he has the native church spent their time not so much in evanalone to look to for his support if he gelistic scattering of seed, as in teachis to get any for his preaching. ing and garnering and building the church, under God. They have been Another thing, each evangelistic almost unable to take care of the enormissionary is given Yen 70 per month mous demands on their time for such with which he may support two advanced work. The Spirit of God has helpers or secondary native preachers. certainly moved in that land. One can That amount would never support two give only outstanding characteristics seminary graduates. And they call these men "helpers." They actually of the Korean work. help the missionary. They are not They have in Korea a form of script helpers with another title. Yen 35 a month is about Mex. $20. And that writing, much like the script that has is all the money these missionaries been with such difficulty pushed in have for their country evangelistic China. But this is used everywhere in work, outside of itineration and Korea. It is called Unmoon. It has similar personal items. No "chapel made possible a Bible reading and rent," "purchase" items, etc. They Bible studying church. It is at once gradually add a third such helper or evident what an enormous lever this native preacher as the work develops, is. China simply must solve this neceshaving the churches to make up the sity for an easy script. amount needed. When a fourth man is wanted, they stretch the Yen 70 Another feature is, that there has over the four men, the churches com- been in Korea during these recent ing up with the amount to increase years a large amount of peace and the Yen 70 to twice that amount, etc. order and business, thanks to the Some places have six or more such governing ability of the Japanese workers, and the same original Yen rulers. While bandit and war ridden 70. The churches able to have pastors, China has become day by day more or groups able to have them, have impoverished, and property holdings simply graduated from this lower class have become more and more insecure into self sustaining units or groups. for many reasons; in Korea the If there is no preacher on hand for church has been able to save and build and keep what it has saved and built.

Are the Koreans better off than the

WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM KOREA ~

Chinese? That is hard to say. They is sanguine, quick, versatile, idealistic, are all poor; all in debt. Thanks large- volatile, patriotic, daring,-a land ly to Japan, there are many improve- where mystical and imaginative Budments that China does not have. The dhism has thrived; and whereas China advance of the Korean work can not is phlegmatic, careful, patient, perbe explained on the basis that they are severing, rational, utilitarian,-a land better off than the Chinese. The where Confucian rationalistic philos- Koreans fear Chinese economic ex- ophy has for so long held sway; the ploitation as much or more than they Korean partakes of both and is overdo Japanese military usurpation of come of neither; he is rationally idealtheir rights and authority. The istic, more like the Anglo-Saxon; a Korean is no match for the Chinese economically, and what the "poor" or combination of rationality and emounpractical Korean has done, would tionalism. seem-other things being equalequally possible to the thrifty Chinese. The Korean is not stingy. He And this is significant, the better off doesn't bother about money to a great Koreans have built better churches, extent. He likes to give and gives the poor Koreans in their villages have liberally. To be stingy or niggardly, put up typically native buildings. is with him to be mean, worse than to· be a libertine or to lie or to steal. Another thing that struck me was Money with him was made to circuthe homogeneity of the field, and the late; he is lavish with his own or anhomogeneity of the work and workers. other's money, we were told by those It is largely a rural field; the Koreans who know! for the most part are tillers of the soil, a class that has always built This may help to explain the rapid strong, dependable churches. Korea has but one or two large cities. They and phenomenal nature of some of are not bothered much with modernism the church's growth, but it is not the and all its attendant impracticalities. There is very little directing of the secret of that success. After all it is work and thought of the church from not so much phenomenal success we the cities. They don't worry over are after as a real, self-sustaining, such things as who is going to control, or over "devolution," foreign funds, indigenous church. In Korea we have and the like. The churches pay their a demonstration of what a really inown bills and manage their own af- digenous mission projection should be. fairs. Most of the mission work, too, I have been thinking constantly of that has been done by one or two of the so different mission projection,-the major groups of the Protestant church in Moslem lands, the stunted church; this, too, has made for church growth in Moslem lands. The homogeneity. lesson of all lessons that I learned in Korea was that, whether large or There is one other thing I want to small, whether phenomenal or stunted, touch on that is paramount. There a church, not a preaching hall, not a seems to be something in those missionary's chapel, but a church- Koreans that makes them more tract- isn't a church if it doesn't pay its able, more teachable than the Chinese. own way and manifest that very I think this does help to explain to a practical necessity to any sort of orcertain degree the large growth of the ganism, LIFE. They must build their Korean church. As some one has own church. It may be slow, it may pointed out, Korea is not only geo- be inconvenient, it may not look well, graphically midway between China but it won't be a "foreign church" it and Japan-northern China and will not know what such a term means, Japan, but she is philosophically mid- for it is a church, a group worshiping way between them. Whereas Japan God and paying all its bills, and mani- festing that it has found something worthy of the investment of its money and life.

MODERNIZED AFRICAN WOMAN-

AN ASSET OR A LIABILITY?

BY MRS. JOHN M. SPRINGER ~fi88ionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Rhodesia T HE really pertinent question The life of the African woman seems to me to be, Is modern- has been largely one of hard work ization an asset or liability to and few pleasures. On one occa- the African woman? sion, when we were camping by a Even Solomon would, I think, stream off the main trail, a woman hesitate to give a definite answer appeared and begged us to let her to either of these questions but we go with us for three days in order must face the fact that Africa is be- that she might escape from the ing rapidly modernized and it is im- chief who was a cruel tyrant.

possible to stay the tide in which Pushing back her hair, she showed the African woman, as well as the where he had cut off both her ears African man, is caught in the back- and recently had threatened to cut wash. off her nose. She said that if she could go a three or four days march In the tribal life, the African with us, she could escape to friends woman has, for centuries, been scarcely more than a slave, a chat- where he would not follow her.

tel. It may be true that there are In most of the tribes, the African tribes in which the lobolo paid for woman has no rights over her own the wives insured protection to the children. She must cultivate the woman and a state of virtue. But fields and raise the food with which we have known personally several to feed them but her husband, her tribes where there certainly has parents or other relatives dispose existed the idea of ownership. of the children. A brother has a Among the Bafiote the writer was right to sell his sister to provide a told by one of the young men that wife for himself and many a father if a woman did not bear her hus- has done the same. A man is rich band a child inside of two years he according to the number of wives could take her back to her father he owns.

and demand a refund of what he One of the pioneer missionaries had paid for her. in Rhodesia said: "The African We have known numerous cases woman has to raise grain for her in Rhodesia where there has been husband to buy more wives, to endless litigation handed down two raise more grain to buy more and three generations in order to wives, to raise more grain to buy get such a refund so that sometimes more wives-a vicious circle." girls are even obligated for old Life in an African town or vildebts before they are born. Some lage is one of deadly monotony.

of the complexities of heathen mar- Most of the huts are small and the riages can be dimly comprehended villages are decidedly unsanitary; by the fact that one woman, who there is little or no privacy and did not look to be out of her thir- many social customs are too revolt- ties, had been given successively to ing for description. It has been some thirteen husbands. quite popular to state that the Mri- 846 can is unmoral rather than immor- not gladly exchange a hot, foul, al, a statement as false as it is dirty goatskin for a bright, pretty catchy. We have never yet found cotton cloth? When men are a tribe where there was not a well drafted to work in the mines, it is defined, decent code of morals. We becoming increasingly easy to per- suade their women to go with them. A WHITE MAN'S MISTRESS-A MENACE Along the newly-made motor have yet to find any tribe where roads we see a steady procession there was any serious, general at- of men, women and children headed tempt to live up to such a code. As toward the commercial and mining to a recent widely-circulated report towns. These motor roads have that the cannibals are a highly mor- been made largely by the women al people the facts prove quite the and the old men and the honk of contrary. the motor car has not only given the African woman a tremendous Back in her native kraal, the Af- thrill but it is the call to a new rican woman has had little or noth- world beyond her present ken. She ing to wear except skins or a bit listens at night to the accounts of of grass cloth or bark blanket. these towns as Meccas where no woman has to work, where every- one is rich, where there are plenty of gay clothes, gay tim€s and all can eat white bread. It is not strange that many follow the men and the will 0' the wisp that leads to the bog of the artificial city life. Broad is the motor road that leads to destruction and many there be The Coming of Civilization A CHRISTIAN WIFI1J-A BLESSING Now into this sordid background that travel thereon. At the end of comes the advance agent of civili- the way there are dazzling electric zation, frequently a trader or a lights with a minimum of hard lagovernment official collecting taxes. bor and a maximum of temptation These will be closely followed by for the woman to sell her body and the labor recruiting agent soliciting labor for the building of railroads or work on the mines. These men have attractive clothing and blankets and the labor bureau agent will be very generous in making presents. What woman would

soul for a morsel of meat to eat or icent church structures, these a glad rag to wear. needlessly costly piles of stone and In this artificial life children are masonry, that are being erected all decreasing in number. One govern- over America and Europe in His ment official told us that among 600 Name and largely at their expense?

women on the Busanga tin mine, What could be done and what there were only ten births in the should be done is seen by the small past year. The world has gone army of bright, happy Christian pleasure made and the African girls walking briskly down the woman is also being sucked into beautiful avenue at Lovedale and a the maelstrom. few other similar Christian insti- Some may be amused at the sight tutions in Africa. These young of a dusky beauty arrayed only in women are Christianized rather a black velvet evening gown, bare- than modernized. They are march- headed and barefooted, riding a bi- ing forth to help uplift the race.

cycle at full speed through the They are taking their places in the streets of ElisabethviIIe, but the schools, the hospitals, the shops, laugh dies as we see a white gov- the offices and best of all in the ernment official with whom she homes where they will be Christian lives intrQducing her to some of the mothers caring for their families.

men of his acquaintance while they No race or people can rise above all stand on the street laughing to- its womanhood and these women gether. That man has a wife and are the richest asset of that fabu- children in Europe. lously rich continent.

This gay life does not last long. But-"how shall they call on Disease soon catches the poor wom- Him of whom they have not heard?

an on the rebound and she is tossed And how shall they hear without aside, a mere bit of human wreck- a preacher? And how shall they age, while a younger and fresher preach except they be sent?" And victim takes her place. During the how can more missionaries be sent rest of her life she is a serious li- to save the African woman unless ability from a physical as well as there can be more given for the from a moral standpoint, spread- world-wide extension of Christ's ing disease appallingly. Thousands Kingdom and less for our own self- of hands are stretched out to drag indulgences?

her down to the lowest depths to The Christian African woman is which any woman can fall, but the a wonderful asset to the commu- thing that breaks the hearts of the nity and country at large. She missionaries is that there are so stays with her husband, looks after pitifully few hands held out to save her home and her children and is her from the fall or to raise her in a power for good.

the hour of her disillusionment When we first saw Nyinza, she wlien she is wanting to be helped. was still the mistress of a white Is it strange that as we think of man. Then she came to our church, the many appeals that have been became an inquirer and asked to made to us to either take these join the church. She was tired of young women, or the little girls on a life of sin and wanted to marry the mines, away from the reeking a man of her own race. A few atmosphere of sin and vice, that months later she married one of we fail to enthuse over the magnif- our Christian men who had known

MODERNIZED AFRICAN WOMAN-ASSET OR LIABILITY?

all about her and felt that he could girls the way of real life and right- trust her now that she had turned eousness. to Christ. She has justified that trust. Her relatives tried hard to Every day in Elisabethville and get her back into the old life, and Likasi, those great mining centers it is useless to deny that she was in the Congo, one can see a troop sorely tempted, but she won out and of women and children going to the is today a fine helpmeet for her day school with their primers, pastor-husband and the mother of hymn books and New Testaments his children. in hand. These women are changed. Many of them have been Another woman in the interior dragged down by the lure of the at Kapanga was so vicious and im- towns but have been pulled up and moral that she even scandalized the saved by the grace of God. natives. One day she gave her The modernized African woman heart to Jesus Christ and I wish without God and without Christ is the world could have heard her a great liability both to her own teach the Sunday-school lesson lat- people and to the white race as er at Kapanga. Both missionaries well. The modernized African and natives testified that her life woman who has been saved was entirely changed and that through the power of Jesus Christ whereas she had been going about is a tremendous power for good in bent on mischief and immorality, her community-an asset to the now she was going up and down white race in the country at large. helping her sisters still in heathen- . dom, and telling of Christ who JESUS I KN9W could take away sin from the heart. (Acts xix. 15) Muledzwa was only a drunken Jesus I know, who made His path to reprobate, the mother of half a doz- shine, en children by as many different men, when I first knew her. Now Who was Himself God's great redemp- she has truly become a new crea- tive plan, ture in Christ Jesus and with her daughter Nenhu, who is also a Who walked the earth, pure human, yet Christian, is a decent, clean-living divine, chieftess among her own people, cleilnly clothed and at last in her A selfless, sinless soul, the perfect right mind. Man.

There was the Imp, foul- But know I Jesus as the living Christ? mouthed, filthy of body and mind Exalted now to share the Father's when I first knew her. She was throne?

then about twelve years old and a Lord of all life, who once was sacrificed, more offensive child I have never Who claims all hearts and kingdoms seen. She was disgusting in speech for His own? and conduct. She is now the wife of a pastor and a teacher in the Could I but know Thee, Jesus, as Thou school, a highly respected wife and mother of a fine little family. She art, keeps herself and her children clean and finds time to help teach other The living Christ, my Saviour, Lord 3 and King, Then should I serve Thee with a glow- ing heart, And live the Glorias which the angels sing. _ -Henry Burton, in the British Weekly.

APPEAL OF

A LETTER FROM REV. PAUL J. BRAISTED, Madras, India Missionary oj the American BaptiBt Foreign Mission Society T HERE is a tremendous ap- Perhaps the mildest thing that peal from the great city of can be said of Miss Mayo's second Madras to anyone who is book on India is that one ought to alive to human need and suffering. balance the picture presented with The crowds speak in clear voices much other available literature and misery is everywhere visible. about this land, its peoples, their It is easy to understand the Mas- history and ambitions, and their ter's great compassion for the mul- present life. But the book itself is titudes when we see these eastern misleading. Noone who has any multitudes bargaining, bickering, knowledge of India would consent gossIpmg, quarreling, jostling, to the statement that there are hungry, weary, disease-ridden, and thousands of Hindu widows burned destitute of the things which make life rich and happy. Here is un- to death on their husband's funeral pyres every year. Such has not limited opportunity for the re- been the case for nearly a century former, the social expert, the en- since the Government made it illethusiastic educationalist, and any- gal. Other similar facts might be one with a vision of any phase of questioned. The picture is out of life which can be improved. But focus. It is a curious thing that.

most of all in these hungry crowds while attributing all the evils to the is the insistent and persistent call, Hindu community, no mention is like the moving strain of pathos in made of the Moslem community.

a symphony, for life and the Life But most of all one misses the pres- Abundant. When I pass the many ence of the "Christ of the Indian shrines; the mosques, and the other Road" who has touched so many signs of varied devotions to the hearts into life and who is today many gods of India, I am reminded drawing many by irresistible bonds of a statement of J. E. K. Aggrey. of love unto Himself. The warmth He referred to the great mission- of a great love that will sacrifice ary hymn of Bishop Heber, the for the object of that love is wholly lines: "The heathen in his blind- missing from the book. Those who ness, bows down to wood and have proved themselves true stone." And then with the great friends of India can speak to her heart and true insight of one who with the utmost freedom of her walked near the Master, he added: evils. But India feels a just re- "In his blindness? No, in his hun- sentment to one who make's India's ger." It is the hungry heart that sins a means of commercial gain calls the loudest from the streets through their pUblication. There and bazaars of this great city. is no humble missionary, in how- There is limitless opportunity for ever isolated a station, with howone whom the Master might place ever little resources, however un- here to reach out in many ways to known and unsung, but in whose touch hearts and lives with the heart the love of Christ burns until abounding love of Christ. it lights other hearts, there is no 850 such a one whose life will not far clear and for the most part accu- outweigh in eternal and enduring rate and convincing. He quotes results this heartless dealing with from wide fields in support of his the woes of this people. appeal for Christ. He quotes from The other evening on the beach Keshab Chunder Sen's famous lec- of the Bay of Bengal, a Brahman ture, "India Asks Who Is Christ."

and I spoke together. In the gath- One of the statements may be ering shadows of evening our quoted here: "Christ as a good man, thoughts turned to the Nazarene. a great man, we have learned to This man was evidently a secret love, honour and esteem. Christ believer, and at one time he said, as a moral teacher of the highest "Sri Krishna was the embodiment order, we are this moment ready of lust, but Jesus Christ was the to enshrine in our hearts. For the embodiment of suffering love." We exemplary purity of His character, spoke of the abundant life that we would at once give Him the Christ continually gives to the be- heart's allegiance and loyalty. But liever who appropriates it by that is not the whole of Christ's faith. I thought again of the great character or mission. It is not and significant differences between here that we find the real essence a change of heart and a change of of His life . . . Christ aspired to religion. How easy it is to work a higher position than that of a for the latter without the former. moralist in the affections and at- How glorious is our privilege to tachment of his followers-yes, a deal with the eternal things and to higher and a heavenlier positionwatch a life change, a new attitude that of a divine power. To that emerge, a new life grow in ever in- position He is entitled, and that He creasing fulness. This surely is demands … " the first great essential, after Here are the two great phases of which the other will take care of India's thought of Christ,-her itself. Christ will touch the heart great admiration for His teachings and character, and her unwillingto life! The late Registrar of one of the ness to assign Him a unique place. North Indian Secretariats, a Hin- She has been drawn, mightily du, read books written by another drawn, by Christ, but she has yet Hindu in an attempt to "disprove to enter the great deeper secrets the historicity of Jesus Christ and whence flow the abounding springs the claim of Christianity as taught of abundant life which she needs. by Him to be regarded as a di- Oh, that my adopted country may vinely-revealed religion." This know Him in all His fulness-and registrar was so hurt by the read- to His glory!

ing of this literature that he set The missionary movement has shamed out to defend Christ before his and educated the socially strong into critics. A Hindu appealing to his lifting the ban from the outcaste mil- lions … Christianity will win its way fellow religionists on behalf of in India only through an Indian church, Christ! So the Master moves on well – established, self – supporting, un- human hearts! He answers in afraid, and inspiringly evangelistic. Such a church is now coming into being. turn the arguments which tried to Those who love the world-wide Kingdom make Jesus out to be far from a of God must help it to stand upon its divine man, not even a good man. feet and encourage it to walk without The Registrar's arguments are faintness and to run without weariness.

-BISHOP FRED B. FISHER.

WORK IN

BY T. K. HERSHEY, Pehuaj6, F. C. 0., Argentin;; S. A.

Superintendent oj the JHs'i(m Evanuelica Menonita H AVING been appointed by four new missionaries were sent the Mennonite Board of from United States. As more Missions and Charities of missionaries arrived on the field, United States and Canada as mis- the work of missions spread to sionaries, two families-J. W. other towns, until at present, there Shank, wife and two children, the are 16 appointed missionaries and writer, wife and two children- two native pastors giving all their sailed from New York in August, time, 12 native helpers giving part 1917, arriving in Buenos Aires, time, and some in training for fu- Argentina, one month later. After ture work. The work has been or- acquiring the Spanish language ganized in eight centers in the dis- and studying the field we travelled trict.

over the greater part of Argen- From the beginning, the people tina, consulting with missionaries had many strange ideas and noalready on the field. Pehuaj6 was tions as to who we are, our motive chosen as a center from which to and purpose in the country. It is begin our missionary activities very difficult to erase the idea and and in January, 1919, we moved to convince them that the United this town, 217 miles southwest of States Government has nothing to Buenos Aires. do with financing our mission work. The Roman Catholic priests At that time there was no mis- have proclaimed that we are false sion work on the Western Rail- prophets and leaders sent to spy way farther west than Nueve de out the lay of things under the Julio. From this town to Santa cloak of religion. Threats were Rosa de Toay, a distance of 200 repeatedly made of boycotting the miles, 75 miles north and 75 miles business of our members, but God south of this main railway, lay a lives and so we press on, knowing great unoccupied field. Here a that He who called us is greater great number of towns with from than the adversary. 200 to 10,000 inhabitants were Besides the preaching services without the Gospel. in all the established centers We opened public services, dis- twice a week, we have eleven Sun- day-schools with thirty-five native tributed tracts, engaged in visita- teachers. tion work, and organized a Sunday-school. After a hard struggle Another effective way of getting with fanaticism and blind spirit- the Gospel to the people is through ism, we received seven by baptism the native Bible women. At presthe first year. ent, we have eight women who read the Bible in the homes to From Pehuaj6, our headquar- their native friends two hours each ters, we extended the work to other afternoon, five days a week. In towns. The next year work was 1927 they made 7,474 visits, with opened fifty miles west of Pehuaj6 in. Trenque Lauquen, a town of 10,000 inhabitants and in 1921, 852

MENNONITE WORK IN ARGENTINA

12,641 persons present to hear cial meetings. In one year we placed in the hands of the public God's Word. 2,943 Bibles, New Testaments, Each established cent~r has an Gospels and portions of the Gospel, and approximately 143,300 Gospel organized Young People's Society tracts. There is a church memand every Tuesday evening the bership of over 200, and more than members and young people meet 400 children are in the Sunday- schools. Many of the members are for Bible Study. faithful and have shown much zeal Five kindergartens are in oper- in carrying the Gospel message to their fellowmen. They have caught ation five days a week with more the spirit of missions and in 1927, than 200 children enrolled. In the contributions from these willone, an advanced class of the First ing, but mostly poor, members was Grade is being taught by a member 3,271.75 pesos. of the church and a graduate of the Normal School at Pehuaj6. God is blessing the work of the Mennonite Church in Argentina. Orphanage work was launched It has been little in comparison to in May, 1926, in rather unsuitable what might have been done. Many quarters. At present 18 children are very indifferent to religion for in the institution are cared for by they have been long deceived by two missionary sisters, one of false teachings. On discovering whom is a trained nurse. that these "Evangelicos" are also teaching religion they have come Another great factor is the to look upon this Protestant misprinted page. We have our own sionary movement as "a bird of printing plant, and publish a four- another feather." page monthly paper called El Camino Verdadero (The True Way) with 12,000 circulation. Tracts, booklets and hand bills are used to announce services and spe- MR. HOOVER'S VISIT TO SOUTH AMERICA T HE visit of President Hoover, visiting the American colonies but then President Elect, to South was making a pre-official visit to America last January very the South American governments, deeply impressed South Ameri- created a favorable impression. cans. In the first place there was His sincerity and straight fora feeling that they were getting on wardness also won friends. On the front page. The people of the religious side he also scored a Brazil and Argentina felt that here tremendous point. At Rio he dewas a man who knew Europe, Asia, elined Sunday morning invitations Australia, and something of Afri- and arrangements without offering ca, and who did not feel that he any reason or excuse. He and could take up the presidency of the Mrs. Hoover quietly attended the United States without knowing English service at the Union something of Latin America. That Church. Men who exult in the made them anxious to give him in- fact that they have advanced beformation. His frankness in con- yond religion took off their hats to versation with President Irigoyen him. Without pomp or ceremony and President Washington Luis he went to worship God. Some and the fact that he definitely very beautiful things have been stated in Brazil that he was not written and said about this.

eroP1CS Of THE TIME~

Dr. Mott's Missionary Projects gram" and in Japan "The Kingdom of God Movement." This summons AS a result of his recent missionary to a larger evangelism must be vital, 1"1. journey around the world and his continuous and intensive-not spas- modic. We must adopt all means to conference with native Christian lead- ers in Asia, following the Interna- this end-mass evangelism, social tional Missionary Council at Jerusa- evangelism, religious literature and lem, Dr. John R. Mott expresses the education.

conviction that "from an economic 7. We must work for a thorough point of view, the world is in a very and unhurried evaluation of the Mass grievous state." He suggests the fol- Movements. In India 90% of the lowing twelve missionary projects for present Protestant churches are the the Christian Church which, to his product of this movement. It is now mind, should deeply concern every influencing the castes and more than missionarY statesman. These twelve 10,000 of the upper castes have beprojects, which are closely related to come Christians while as many more the deliverance of the Jerusalem con· are in process of preparation. ference, may be briefly stated as fol- 8. We must produce more and bet- lows: ter Christian literature in all these 1. We must seek to coordinate mission lands. The amount available clearly the highest Christian thought for the clergy and educated youth is of the East and the West as to the inadequate in virtually every field.

true World Mission of Christianity. We should discover and release the 2. We must unite in the world-wide ablest writers for this work and proclamation of the Christian Mes- should together devise more adequate sage of the New Testament and its im- means for the publication and distriplications, as so clearly expressed at bution of this literature. The book Jerusalem. stores of the Orient are well stocked 3. We must disseminate the defi- with non-Christian literature but there nitely Christian ideas and ideals of is scarcely any Christian literature in religious education in all the churches evidence. We must solve this problem at home and abroad. interdenominationally.

4. We must cooperate to promote 9. We must augment the force of the distinctly Christian educational trained, spiriitual Christian leaders. program in all the missionary work Every mission land is calling for more of the Church. missionaries of the highest possible 5. We must promote understanding qualification, those who have experi- and cooperation between the younger enced the divine call. But the number and the older churches. of national youth who will sacrificially 6. We must have a larger, more ef- give themselves to this work should fective program of evangelism. The be enormously augmented. Their troubles through which Christians preparation must be thoroughly have been passing in the mission studied. The curricula of every theo- fields have prepared the way. "We logical school should be reviewed. must not only see the opportunity but 10. We must liberate a vastly we must sieze it." In China they have greater force of lay workers. The inaugurated their "Five Year Pro- strongest laymen in America and 854 England should realize their unique distress however is God's opportunity. responsibility and opportunity. We Man's perplexity is God's challenge.••• must mobilize them for service. Distressed Japan is a humble Japan. 11. The West and the East, the Perplexed Japan is a challengeable Jaolder, and the younger churches, the pan. Self-satisfaction and pride are nationals of different lands must learn disappearing. The sound of the breakhow to share their visions, their in- ing away of the husks of the Nation's sight, their burdens, their experience, thinking and of its life echoes gloomily their resources and the deepest things far and near. . . . of life, as well as those that come by revelation from God. The birth-pangs of a new Japan! The violent birth-quickening of the Kingdom 12. We must strengthen the Na- of God in Japan is on. The time is at tional Christian Councils. There are hand. The Kingdom of God is near. fourteen now in the "sending coun- The time has come for repentance and tries" and fourteen in the "receiving for consecration to the task of spreading countries" that are cooperating in the the Gospel. International Missionary Council. The thought life, life as a whole, This is a program that may well politics, education, industry, everything challenge the attention of the Church in Japan must be brought under God's and of every Christian. The Warld direct control. Through Christlike J ap- Mission of Christianity has scarcely anese, a Christlike .Tapan must be begun to be' fulfilled. It will not be brought to the birth. To transform this accomplished until every man and vision into reality we must increase the woman on earth has had an opportu- present two hundred and fifty thousand nity to hear the message of new life Christians to a round million. Numerthrough Christ and until the followers als are void of power but there is of Christ are exemplifying in their strength in numbers. . . . characters and lives, in their institutions and habits, the spirit and teach- We believe that one million Christians ings of Jesus Christ as recorded in will make possible the Christianization the New Testament. The Church of of Japan's public opinion and conscience Christ must be satisfied with nothing and realize through the Church a really less than living the ideals and full Christianized Japan. Every Christian program of Christ. a soul winner, winning one soul a year and thus in three years quadrupling the The Campaign in Japan number of Christians, this is the pro- gram of the Kingdom of God Campaign. T HE Christian forces in Japan are being mobilized for the Million A Foward Movement in China Souls Movement. Ten thousand copies of a prospectus setting forth THE Church of Christ in China has the plans will be sent out among the been very much affected by the dif- Japanese churches and Christians, and copies of an English translation ficulties and unrest of China during will be available for missionaries and others interested in the campaign. the last few years, asserted Dr. C. Y. The next step is to get it into the minds and hearts and into the prayers Cheng, Moderator of the United and purposes of every pastor and every Christian in the land. Church of China and Secretary of the The prospectus says in part: China National Christian Council, Japan the land of the gods, God's who recently made an address to miscountry! This is our prayer, our slogan, our goal. Our Japan is in distress. sionary leaders in New York. He said Our Japan has lost her way. Man's that political changes, activities of communists, the intellectual changes and the anti-Christian movement, especially among the younger student classes, have all left their mark on the Church. Some of these effects are good. There is less self-complacency and more humble seeking after im- provement and for guidance. There is a realization as to wherein the Church has failed and an increased emphasis on essentials.

On the other hand, the disturbed conditions and the wave of radical

thought has had its evil effects. There the conviction that their religion is a are sections of the Church that do not life and death matter they must go seem to have been touched by the revo- out to actively evangelize. This is true lution and such groups are a hindrance for all Christians, whether their reguto progress. Others have allowed lar work is evangelistic or not. The themselves to be too much swayed doctor and the teacher must realize by recent thought and events. Some that they are as truly evangelists as among the younger element have even the preacher. It is a movement to gone so far as to advocate discarding enlist men and women in upholding, the Church and organized religion, improving, enriching and utilizing while still affirming their allegiance the Christian Church in order that it to Christ. There is a general lack of may be more efficient. Too often even spiritual growth which gives cause for those most able to help have a tendconcern and a sense of depression. ency to draw away from the Church. Many feel an uncertainty growing With all its inefficiencies, the Church out of this sense of failure that is has not been equalled by any other paralyzing to progress. organization or combination of organ- izations in its power for good in If the Church does not quickly do China, said Dr. Cheng. We must try something to help this situation, Dr. to remove its imperfections so that it Cheng believes that its very life will may better perform the tasks for be threatened. The "Five – Year which it is intended. Because of the Movement" is the answer to the deep- serious situation at the present time, felt need on the part of native Chris- it is felt necessary to concentrate our tian leaders and missionaries as ex- forces in one united effort for a defipressed in the regional conferences nite period of five years but it is con· recently held in nearly all parts of fidently expected that the impetus China. The idea, introduced in these gained during this time will go on. conferences, was at once unanimously taken up because it was what all felt Dr. Cheng requested the older to be most needed. This is the gen- churches of America and Europe to eral desire and hope and prayer of the engage in intelligent, earnest, con- Chinese Church as a whole. stant prayer on behalf of the move- ment. He also asked for an increase The aim of the Five-Year Movement in the number of Christian workers, (1930-1934) is to build up the mem- both the general missionaries, and bership of the Church, but at the same specialists on certain lines, such as time to make sure that each new mem- religious education, rural work, theober really understands what it means logical training, industry, etc., who to be a follower of Jesus Christ. All would come out for limited periods. the Christian agencies are asked to There is a great need for such exwork together with this in view. Five perts to help China. The Chinese regional conferences, as well as the Church is poor-it needs money; but National Christian Council and the it needs more than anything else, the Church of Christ in China, have voted gift of men-men who come with to adopt this program in all serious- evangelistic zeal even though they ness. may never preach. The National Christian Council also hopes that In addition to the effort to greatly some special help may be given in the increase the numerical membership of financing of this five-year program. the Church and to educate these new This movement, if it is to be taken up members in the understanding of seriously, will require more workers. what it means to be a disciple of In the field of literature much must he Jesus, the movement, as interpreted done. This is a movement in which by Dr. Cheng, represents a great the older and younger churches can striving for renewed spiritual fire in well cooperate. the Church-for an outpouring of evangelistic zeal. If Christians get

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

Youth Movements in Europe vincial and colonial towns to fight against immorality. They are not NOT all the "Flaming Youth" are satisfied merely to protest against li- bent on the destruction of old centious literature and plays, cinemas, standards and entire freedom from etc., but are attacking one of the chief moral restraint. Many signs indicate causes of immorality, namely the ina reaction and a rising in the inter- sufficient salaries paid to women and ests of idealism among the youth of girls. Young women's groups affiliated many lands. Multitudes oppose all with the "Voix des Jeunes" are to war and have joined pacifist societies. make an inquiry into the matter dur- Others are against all forms of im- ing the winter, in conjunction with perialism-so-called-and have joined the International Labor Office, which the Anti-Imperialistic League. has started a similar inquiry.

In connection with the recent In Italy a group of Protestant World Conference against Imperial- young men called "Knights of ism, a congress of you.ng men at Christ," has decided to fight against Frankfort – on – the – Main (Germany) immorality. After careful study they last July brought together some sixty have had 5,000 placards printed recyoung men from India, China, South ommending in words of St. Paul, America, Mexico, Korea, and other chastity, respect of human personality countries. Special attention was paid (especially of women). They have to Syria, Morocco and China and the gone out by twos to put these posters situation of young workers and young in most prominent places. The police peasants was carefully studied. interfered, but the magistrates found the young Knights not guilty. Unfortunately "Young Pioneers" of Russia are taught that they are ene- In America also, and in Asia Youth mies of the Boy Scout movement, movements have been formed to destarted some 21 years ago in England fend the Bible, to put into practice by Lord Baden-Powell, and now num- the teachings of Christ· and to adbering over 50,000 scouts from all vance morality, the spirit of brotherparts of the world. The Boy Scout hood and Christian missionary ac- "Jamboree" in England last summer tivity. brought together some 300,000 visitors and was a remarkable manifesta- Unrest in Palestine tion of International fellowship. THE little country, now known as At the same time a meeting of the Palestine, at the crossroads be- Socialist Youth in Vienna (July 12th tween Africa and Asia and almost to the 14th) brought together some next door to Europe, has always been 50,000 participants from a few coun- a scene of strife. Before the Israelites tries or central Europe. On the 16th conquered the land it was a battlefield of July the official delegates of the between many warring tribes. Egypt, National Movements of Socialist Assyria, Persia, Greece and Rome youth met for their 3d International later fought for its possession for po- Congress. It was stated that 220,718 litical and commercial advantage. members from 50 different countries Since the capture of Jerusalem by the belonged to it, but that France and followers of Mohammed the religious Great Britain had not as yet made motive has been added as a basis for adequate efforts for their national or- desiring possession, and for nearly ganizations. A program for the pro- fifteen hundred years Christians, Jews tection of young workers was formed and Moslems have contended for posin cooperation with the Trade Unions session of their sacred shrine. Jeruand the Socialist International. salem has been a bone of contention rather than an olive branch of peace. In France "La Voix des J eunes" is When General Allenby entered the getting together all the youth organizations in Par:s and in different pro-

city in 1917, the Christians regained improvements made under British control from the Turks but the Jews rule: Moslems, Jews and Christians were promised the opportunity to will all profit if they will learn to live realize their national ambition to en- together in harmony. The hope of Pal- joy Palestine as their ancestral home. estine is not, however, in the domina- This right has been the cause of dis- tion of anyone class or race or in the pute and contention with their Arab physical development of the country neighbors who outnumber them three but it is in the recognition of Him to one. All religions and nationalities who is the Prince of Peace and in have been enjoying equal rights under loyal submission to Jesus Christ whose the British Mandate but this does not right it is to reign.

satisfy the Mohammedans and as- saults upon the Jews have resulted. Church Union in Scotland The Rev. Malcolm M. Maxwell, of Jerusalem, writes to The Christian "NOTHERbreach in the Church of under date of August 30th: "We can- f t Christ was healed on October 1st, not yet see anything in the nature of when two other branches of this Body a national turning to Jesus Christ as were joined together through the their Messiah. But it may be signifi- union of the Established Church of cant that in many cases the Jews liv- Scotland and the United Free Church ing in the Holy City are painting up -both of them Scotch Presbyterian large cro~ses over their houses, in bodies. The "Wee Frees," as they are order to shelter under the sign of the popularly called, still stand aloof. At the final session of the United Cross. It may be that some of them Free Church Assembly only twentywill come to seek refuge under the two members, among the 500, voted to Blood of the Cross, which, until quite support an amendment proposing recently, they despised, and of which many of them had a superstitious "that this Assembly do not proceed to the consummation of the union dread." . Pictures of Jewish homes, on the with the Church of Scotland." Twenty door-posts of which have been painted years of debate and negotiation have crosses to protect the inmates, forcibly preceded this amalgamation which will rank as one of the biggest events remind us of the sprinkling of blood in Scotland since the disruption. on the door-posts of Jewish families in Egypt at the time of the Passover On October 2d, the two Assemblies to protect them against the angel of marched from their respective meeting death. places to St. Giles's Cathedral-unit- ing on the way-for a devotional serv- An anonymous proclamation, found ice. In the afternoon Dr. John White in Jerusalem during the recent upris- was elected as First Moderator and ing, called for a Holy War of the the Duke of York presented his com- Arabs to drive out the Jews. mission as Lord High Commissioner; and a letter from the King was read. The Arabs claim that their country has been divided and that the Jews The first assembly of the reunited have been unduly favored in political Church was held in the municipal appointments and other privileges. garage. The audience of 12,000 in- cluded the Archbishop of Canterbury, The Jews make ten demands on the Dr. Cosmo Gordon Lang, and his government including a commission of predecessor, Lord Davidson, of Laminquiry, security for Jews in all the beth, and several members of the govcities and colonies, the restoration of ernment. The moderators signed the property, fines on Arab villages, uniting act with the historic quill pen establishment of an armed Jewish with which the dissenting ministers police force to protect Jewish com- at the disruption in 1843 signed the munities.

Palestine has greatly benefited by act which created the breach. EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions ATTRACTIVE METHODS FOR to have something actively to do with TEACHING the.solution of any problem that affects the lives of human beings." "Jumping Beans"

By MAUDE E. BRADLEY Our Junior boys and girls are going MEXICO to enjoy "Jumping Beans." What a fascinating title to arouse the curios- Under the "Plan and Point of View" ity of those eager little people who with which the course is introduced are waiting anxiously for the "club" to the leader are many valuable sugto begin. And the title is not the (/lily interesting thing about this new book! The children will love the whole Sandoval family from father and mother, Manuel, Carmen, Elena, and baby Carlos, to Zoso, the burro, and Chini, the pig.

The book is in two sections; Part 1: Stories by Dr. Robert N. McLean, and Part 2: The course-worked out by Mabel Little Crawford. In the charming little stories, Dr. McLean introduces us to a Mexican Indian family in their Mexican home and then we follow them through varied experiences as they become migrant agricultural laborers in the southwestern part of our own great country.

Delightful as are the stories in themselves, their real value will be best brought out by using them as part of the suggested course. This course may be adapted easily to various groups-church school classes, mission bands, clubs, week-day classes, daily vacation Bible schools, etc.

Miss Crawford says: "The aim of such a course is not to furnish children of nine, ten, and eleven with ready-made opinions on social or economic problems, but rather to make them conscious that there are problems, that there are two sides to the problems, and that Christianity ought 859 gestions which will save the leader right. Two or three white pages may much time and effort in preparation be inserted and fastened with yarn, for the sessions. Some of these sug- ribbon or white string colored with gestions follow – "Materials Needed crayon. On the cover draw four or for the Course, Activities, Making a five bands of varied widths and color Map, Making Notebooks, Writing with orange, blue, red and black. Letters, Making a Mexican Village, Across upper left corner, color nar- Preparing a Mexican Meal, Dramati- rower bands. Print "MEXICAN zation, Service Activities, Summary WORDS" in black crayon in remainof Preparation to be Made by the ing space. Before the stories are Leader." Then follow specific pro- told write Mexican words on the grams for each session. blackboard or large sheet of paper, with translation, and let children copy The course is so well worked 'Out them in their notebooks. In this way, that, taken just as it is printed, no they will assemble quite an Englishleader should have difficutly in pre- Mexican dictionary. senting it. Perhaps a few suggestions which were worked out this summer Have you ever helped a group of while a small group of children were children make their own little hymn enjoying the course will be of further books? One society in Lancaster, Pa., help. did this and it was a great success. Use lightweight colored construction Make invitations for the first meet- paper for covers and plain white ing in the shape of a big sombrero of paper for the pages. Let the children white paper colored with yellow crayon copy words of hymns which they sing or of yellow Tonal paper. Touch up at meetings. with lines of orange and black crayon. Inside, write or print, "You are Another attractive booklet is made invited to come to the church next Fri- of yellow or orange paper, size 3ljz day at four o'clock to meet the Sando- by 12 folded double to make cover val family from Mexico." These invi- 37'2 by 6. Tie with yarn at the top tations could be given to the Juniors to hold inside pages in place. Print at the close of the church school ses- "MEXICO" in colored crayon at top sion or could be mailed. Do you real- and paste silhouette of sombrero cut ize what it means to a Junior to re- from black paper at bottom of cover. ceive a real-honest-to-goodness letter or invitation through the mail ? It is Children will enjoy making articles worth many times the value of a post- from clay modeling material. Hang age stamp. up a lot of pictures around the room showing scenes from Mexican home Why not enlist some of the Junior or village life. Point out certain artior Senior High art students to help cles which might be made in miniature with this part of the preparatory in clay. Then leave the children to work? Almost every church, whether their own initiative in carrying on small or large, urban or rural, has one the work. Results will be surprisingly or more young people with artistic successful. The group mentioned ability. Do use them! Invite them to above made an adobe, stools, tables, give of their talent to Christ's pro- crude fireplace, kitchen utensils, burro, gram! pig, sombrero, etc.

Children love to make little booklets. The Everyland Picture Series on "Jumping Beans" offers many possi- "Mexicans in the United States," 25 bilities in this line of handwork. To cents, published by the Everyland make a Mexican blanket or sarape Press, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York notebook, fold a sheet of 9 by 12 yel- City, may be used in many ways to low paper through the center and then make the course interesting. again, making a double cover, 47'2" by 6". Place the folded edges at left and There are twenty-four pictures with top; the open ones at bottom and printed captions underneath. Have the Juniors mount these separately on

METHODS FOR WORKERS

colored construction paper. Then cut formed again at opposite sides of them up into "jig-saw" puzzles. This room. At the striking of a cord on can be done with scissors in two ways. piano the lines break and go across Make a simple puzzle by cutting the room, each child trying to find the picture into five or six horizontal or child who has the other part of her vertical strips. A more elaborate picture. puzzle may be made by cutting the picture into a number of irregular OHRISTMAS PAGEANTS sized pieces. Do not make too many pieces. Place each puzzle in an en- By MARVIM M. WALTERS velope and on the outside write or print-"Mexican Puzzle-Number of The very best and most effective pieces." Very pretty envelopes may Christmas pageants the writer has be made of wall paper to contain the seen were those created from locbi puzzles. Let the children decide what surroundings and put on in that one they shall do with the completed puz- spot for which they were written or zles. Hospitals, shut-ins, sick club played. members, orphan asylums, etc., may be suggested by the leader. Pageantry consists largely of four main elements-namely, color, music, Another way in which to use the pic- free dialogue, and pantomime. Christture set is as a game. The leader mas pageantry should of course have should cut out each picture with its a Christmas theme. explanatory text. Number each picture. Mount on colored construction Many think it is hard to give pagpaper or lightweight cardboard. eants. We have not found it so, Mount the printed texts but do not especially after we stopped putting too number. Pin the pictures up around much into it. the room. Line the children up and give each one a printed slip. When a Get three or four vital, progressive bell rings they are to go around look- ideas and work them into a musicing at the pictures and find the one color skein, putting into the pageant which they think fits their printing. characters who like to do their parts. Each child stands by his or her picture and at the end of a short time "Christmas in Every Land" turned the bell is rung again and the leader out to be one of the finest pageants decides how many have made the cor- we ever put on. We spent some four rect decision. weeks studying national customs, dress ideas, national airs and tradi- A good way to "break the ice" at tions. We worked in as many nathe first meeting is to use the pictures tions as we were equipped to do– in the following partner contest. England, France, Germany, China, Mount the pictures on light cardboard India, America, and several others. or heavy paper and cut into two pieces. For all the countries we represented The printed matter is mounted with we procured flags or made them from the picture. Place all the left sides chart descriptions found in an unof puzzles in one pile on a table at abridged dictionary. For those who front of room and all the right sides contemplate putting on such a pagin another pile at other side of table. eant I would suggest free use of un- Let the Juniors choose sides and line abridged dictionaries and standard up on opposite sides of room. When a encyclopedias. Articles dealing with march is played the two lines march various countries, together with charts around until they meet and then they of national colors, will give many come forward double breast to the hints. table. Here they separate again, each child taking up a piece of picture from Don't make your plan too big or too the designated pile. The lines are complete, but let the pageant be as suggestive and dramatic as possible. Make use of Christmas solos, carols, and anthems. The Christmas theme is abundantly expressed in good music.

A MISSIONARY CHRISTMAS PLAY would gladly help if I could but I For Union Home and Foreign Mis- think you will have to go elsewhere sionary Societies. this time."

If given with a generous amount of DEACONESS :-"If you only knew action, it is unusually effective. one of the families there. The mother died recently leaving a family of six Christmas Pageant children; the oldest a girl of four- (Woman sitting at table doing up teen, tries to keep house and mother the last of her Christmas presents. the other five children. The father Bundles and boxes are all about her.) works hard, when he can get work but his pay is small. A good dinne; MRS. SHOPPER:-"Well, well, I am and a few presents would do much toglad that job is about done. My list ward making them feel the true spirit of people to whom I give presents of the Holy Christmas Day." grows longer every year and it is so hard to please them and find some- MRS. SHOPPER:-"I am truly more thing they do not already have. sorry than I can tell you, but I simply Really Christmas is getting to be a can't help this year. It is too late for burden. I am so tired by the time the I have overspent my allowance for day arrives that I do not enjoy it. I Christmas and will be in debt for some sometimes wonder if this is not the time before I can pay for all my wrong way to celebrate." gifts."

(Just tkBn a knock is heard. She DEACONESS: – "Well, good-bye! I goes to the door and admits a deacon- hope you may be able to help next ess, who says:) year."

DEACONESS :-"My dear Mrs. Shop- MRS. SHOPPER (sits at table thinkper, we are spending Christmas Eve ing aloud) :-"1 should like to have trying to collect a few more dollars to given something, but I just could not. help in our celebration of Christmas I do believe it would have been better at the S. S. S. You know we have so if I had bought less expensive things many foreigners and colored people in and had a little left for those poor that part of the city. children. It rather worries me as I think about them. I believe I will "During the past year, many of the read a while and perhaps get my mind men have had scarcely any work at off them." all. The families are large and in many cases two or three families have (Sits doum to read and presently moved together and are living in three falls asleep and dreams.) or four rooms. They need food and Spirit of ChristJllas clothes and heat. Added to these nec- (Enter Spirit of Christmas. Peoessary things, we are asking for ple fro:m America and many foreign money-just a little from each per- countnes show what Christmas and son, to give them a little Christmas the Christ-child mean to them.) cheer. (Enter Moslem woman (veiled).) "We have our kindergarten children, and other classes that the chil- SPIRIT OF CHRISTMAS :-"This is a dren attend-also the colored women's Moslem woman from Algiers."

club and the foreign women's club. MOSLEM WOMAN :-"1 am supposed Many of them will have no Christmas to be happy because I was married at unless we give it to them. thirteen years of age and have never "Will you not try to put a bit of been divorced. But we do not know joy into their lives as you, too, are happiness as you Christians know it.

celebrating the birth of the Christ- I cannot sew or read, and hear only child, Christmas Day?" coarse, vile talk from my neighbors MRS. SHOPPER:-"I am sorry but I and friends. I am an obedient wife have spent all my available money. I and attend to all my religious duties,

METHODS FOR WORKERS

observing the hours of prayer, repeat- baskets and beadwork. We do not hate ing the words in a language I do not the white man now for he is teaching understand, hoping to be rewarded by us a better way to live, and when at being allowed to be one of my hus- Christmas time, we meet with God's band's seventy slaves in his heavenly people to celebrate the birth of His paradise. 1 attend the mosque, sitting Son, we, too, can sing: behind a screen where I can neither Hark! the herald angels sing, see nor be seen, or understand the Glory to the new-born King; Peace on earth, and mercies mild, service; I observe faithfully all fast God and sinners reconciled! days, but these do not satisfy the Joyful all ye nations, rise, cravings of my religious nature. We Join the triumph of the skies; long in vain for something that will With the angelic host proclaim give us peace and happiness." Christ is born in Bethlehem."

(Enter l!merican Indian woman.) (Enter 0 Tomo San, Japanese SPIRIT:-"And now comes a dusky woman.) maiden from the land of Hiawatha SPIRIT :-"Here is a young mother who will tell her story." who will tell you what the Christ INDIAN WOMAN :-"1 come of a means to her."

race which once ruled this fair land. o TOMO SAN :-"1 have always been But one day, long, long ago, the white religious but until recently it was the men, who were stronger than we came religion of darkness and superstition.

and took our land away from us. They Many dark nights my husband and took our hunting grounds and drove 1 visited shrine after shrine set in the us on reservations they had set aside. gloomy groves. We took our little Our lands made the white man rich; offerings of rice and fish and per- and piece by piece we gave up to them formed the only worship we knew, the woods and fields that had been but there was no response in our souls.

ours for hundreds of years. We were Were the gods satisfied? Had they ignorant and at the mercy of every heard our prayers? There were so white trader. They taught my peo- many gods-were there any that had ple to drink fire-water and to gamble. been omitted, and who might wreak "My grandmother was a Princess their vengeance on our poor home?

and I was born in a tepee, because my Alas! we could not tell; there was no father hated the white man's ways of way of finding out. In spite of all living. He never forgave the people these night pilgrimages-in spite of who took our lands from us and died innumerable little wooden tablets pur- of a broken heart. chased at the temples, insuring bless- "Then I was taken sick and a beau- ing of all kinds-in spite of slips of tiful woman, a missionary, came to paper bearing pictured gods and pray with me and nurse me back to charms of all sorts, guaranteed to health. She told me of a Saviour who keep off all spirits-still misfortunes was born on Christmas Day and who had followed one another in quick suc- was God's great gift to the world. cession. To cure my husband of tooth- She said He loved the Red Man, too. ache, 1 vowed to abstain for three Teach us more about the Great Spirit years from eating natto, my favorite of the Paleface. Take us to your food. Before the three years were up, schools-deal with us fairly. we moved away from this town. Hence "The white man robbed us of our I was unable to revisit the shrine with lands and traditions and left in their an offering of natto, which would have place the vices of civilization. We released me from the vow, so I· still want a share of the better things- could not touch it. Similarly, to cure we want to be lifted up by the Great one of my children, we covenanted not White Spirit and your God-man-the to eat crabs.

Christ. Then we w1l till the soil and "One day I attended a mothers'

make for you our beautiful blankets, meeting at the Christian kindergarten.

This led to other meetings and my and they'd train my gals right. So husband and I learned the Jesus doc- we picked cotton all summer till our trine. Then arose the question-what fingers bled and got a little m~mey­ to do with the idol shrines in the but not much. house. At first we closed the doors of the shrine and turned them around "But somehow the spirit of Jesus with their faces to the wall, but some- Christ just opens the pocketbooks of how, this did not prove very satisfac- some of them northern white people, tory. So we decided to sell them, but and you can go to them schools withit did not seem quite the thing to out much money. We walked twelve make money on our discarded gods. miles to a railroad station-we hadn't We finally burned them with all the never seen railroad cars before and I wooden tablets and paper charms. felt kind 0' skeered to let them gals get on and be jerked away so fast you Outwardly our circumstances re- couldn't say bood-bye; But they said mained unchanged, but how different they wasn't skeered; that they'd go everything seems, since turning to through fire to get there. God in obedient faith, and committing everything to Him, a complete change "Araminty has learned to be a nurse has come over our hearts and all the oyer a: Jacksonville and Arabella is old unrest has disappeared. As for goin' to teach school and they ain't gomyself I seem to have lost all fear. I ing to marry any no 'count niggers used to be so afraid of the dark, but neither. We got a real Christmas tree now I feel so perfectly safe every- and all the other colored children for where. The other day I ate some miles around are comin' to celebrate. natto and it tasted good. We are go- We won't have many presents, but ing to enjoy the crabs when they come we'll have a mighty good time. Arain, too. It seems so strange to be so bella has taught them lots of Christfree. Everytime I hear the Gospel, I mas songs, she learned at school-but feel ashamed of myself for not having the one I like best is the one about earlier trusted in Jesus. So you can Glory to God in the Highest, Peace on see why we love to celebrate the Earth, Good Will Toward Men." Christ-child's birthday as a Holy Day." (Enter Chinese Girl.) (Exit.) SPIRIT :-"This child is a member of our Christian school and lives in (Enter Negro woman.) the compound with the missionary and SPIRIT :-"The Negro race has been she is very happy to tell you .of their a special study for our people. Let Christmas." our colored friend tell us how our missionary homes have taught them the GIRL:-"To us Christmas Eve is the way to celebrate Christmas. night of nights. After dinner we had NEGRO WOMAN:-"We are g'wine a musical program and then Santa to have a big Christmas at our house. Claus who is just the biggest, fattest, We live in a little shanty and we ain't jolliest person you can imagine came got no money to count on. But our riding in on a tiny donkey. Our gals Araminty and Arabella have come Christmas tree was beautiful and we home from that school at Jacksonville, thought it was even prettier as the Florida, about fifty miles from here, gifts began to disappear from it and where they got all kinds of larnin'. appear in our hands. The next day at "Myoid man said, 'Don't you send ten o'clock, we attended the little them gals away to no school-they'll Christmas entertainment in the jest get a lot of fool notions in their church. Then followed the Chinese heads and then like as not come home feast when we Chinese and Americans and marry some no 'count nigger.' ate together in good fellowship to cele- But I 'lowed as how them missionaries brate Christ's Birthday. had the love of God in their hearts "After this, we attended the little play given at the girls' school. It was 'The Birds' Christmas Carol.' Then

METHODS FOR WORKERS

came the best of all, the real Christmas ye about towns and rivers and mounfeast for the girls, when we had meat tains). While she was talkin', I jest and vegetables. And you know we thought my heart'd stop beatin', 'cause have these only twice a year in the I got bluer and bluer 'cause I knowed girls' school-on Christmas and New we didn't have no money but Glory Be Years. The rest of the time we eat -she said we didn't need much money black and yellow beans, rice and Chi- 'cause the missionary societies furnese bread. nish most everything. When she said that I got so excited I nearly let the "We closed our day with the singing twins fall off my lap. So Melissa went of carols and went to bed, very, very to school. And we are so proud of happy girls." that gal. She just larned everything. There ain't nothin' she don't know (Exit.) about sewin', cookin', keepin' house and everything. (Enter Mountaineer woman.) SPIR.IT :-"This woman is one of our "Do you wonder we want to celenative-born Americans whose daugh- brate Christmas, the day when Christ ter owes her life to the home mission- was born? Melissa said He came to ary school." save the world, and that means us poor MOUNTAINEER.:-"Well, I just want white folks way down here in the to tell yer, I'm glad it's Christmas mountains." time cause it gives me an excuse for celebratin'. I'm jest bubblin' over (Enter Hindu Bible woman.) with joy. You know I got a gal, Me- SPIRIT :-"A Hindu Bible woman lissa, who goes to that school down at will tell you of the celebration of Boaz. I never had any eddication and Christmas in a mission schooL" neither did her pa and sometimes HINDU BIBLE WOMAN:-"I am a when we'd git newspapers wrapped Bible woman trained in a Woman's round things at the store and couldn't Foreign Missionary School in India, read nary a word of the print on 'em, and I want to tell you just a little I would jest natchery cry and worry of Christmas in India. The flowers 'cause I didn't see any way but to jest in the garden of the mission compound let my young uns grow up as ignorant are blooming luxuriantly – cannas, as I was. roses, phlox and cosmos. It is not "We was awful poor and me and the Christmas weather as you know it, two gals only had one pair of shoes with snow and the jingle of sleighbetween us. And one day when we bells. But the girls in our school and were workin' barefoot in the cornfield the mothers in some of the homes a woman with a pretty face and the where I visit and teach, know that sweetest voice, came riding up and tomorrow we are celebrating the birth said, 'Howdy. Can I come in and sit of the Christ-child, and realize more a spell? I want to talk to you about deeply that many in America, what a school over to Boaz where we can His coming to earth has brought to take at least one of your girls.' Well their lives. that beat me and we laid down our "Tomorrow at nine we shall have a hoes and went inside our shanty. Qur church service and then the celebrapreacher up on the ridge had told her tion for the children. Thanks to the 'bout us. I didn't know where Boaz boxes received from Christian Amerwas-'cause we didn't know nothing ica-we can make all the children about anything on tother side of the happy. One Standard Bearer Commountain. pany has sent us a box filled with rag "She said it was the Rebecca Mc- dolls and how the girls love them. Cleskey School and was kept by some Then from a Kings Herald Band we folks up North. She said they would have tops and marbles for the boys teach my gal to read and write and and candy for all the children. How she'd larn rithmetic (that teaches ye those little brown faces will shine as to count), and gography (that teaches 4

we tell them that someone in America last Christmas when we people of the loves them and is willing to sacrifice village were invited there, too. The a little of her own pleasure that teachers surely had a time to make all Chrismas joy may reign in far away the costumes and train sixty children India. in song. The thirty little girls were all dressed in white and after Christ- "At four in the afternoon we will mas these little dresses and skirts have the tea for Indian Christians. were put away to be kept clean for They sit in the church compound, the Easter. They had a Christmas enwomen and children on one side and tertainment on Christmas Eve and I the men on the other. The school chil- wish you might have heard their songs dren will present tableaux and songs and pieces. of the Christmas story and we will live again that first Christmas Day. There "The children were up at 5: 30 will be gifts at this service for each Christmas morning and there was a family: clothing, towels, soap and big tree and Santa Claus was dancing other things, that are luxuries to us, around the tree jingling sleigh bells but commonplace to you. And each to call the children down stairs. You will go home happy, filled with Christ- never saw such a commotion. There mas peace." was something for each one-the little girls got tiny wash boilers and little (Enter Eskimo.) green skillets and the boys got balls SPIRIT:-"And here is an Eskimo and fish-hooks and other trinkets and woman from the ice-bound shores of all got apples, oranges and candy. A the Yukorf. She will tell you how glad big box arrived from the States and she is that no cold is so intense that in that were some presents for the it can keep back the messengers of the missionaries and some things for the King, who have made possible a joy- Home they had been praying for. ous Christmas. ESKIMO :-"1 come from Alaska, a "The children took their presents land where it is always cold. In many and formed in line and had a parade parts, the ground never thaws. The all over the Home-they were led by people are very, very poor and some- a band (six children playing on combs times families and even whole villages and one beating a pan for a drum) starve to death. The men are miners, and then games and a good dinner. sealers, whalers and sailors. They live in small huts and stop up all the "Say, you've never seen a Christcracks to keep out the cold and have no mas, if you haven't seen one at the chance for fresh air. Jessie Lee Home." "The woman of the home is often the beast of burden because the old (Enter girl from England.) chief says that she can do twice as SPIRIT :-"In England their Christmuch as a man. mas celebration is all centered around "The one bright spot in that frozen their Yule-log, which is supposed to land is the Jessie Lee Home at Un- burn from Christmas Eve to New alaska. There are sixty boys and Year's Day. Round this gather all the girls in that home. Some are orphans family and relatives and make merry and some have been deserted by their together." parents and some are too poor to live (Girl Speaks foUowing poem, then any other place. The missionaries gOBS out.) lead lonely lives away from all their friends but they are doing a wonder- AT CHR1STMAS TIME ful work not only for the children in school and the sick in their hospital, At Christmas time the fields are white, but for all the people in the village. And hill and valley are bedight "Christmas time is the greatest time With snowy plendor, while on high of all the year. I will tell you about The black crows Bail athwart the sky, Mourning for summer days gone by At Christmas time.

At Christmas time the air is chill, And frozen lies the babbling rill;

METHODS FOR WORKERS

While sobbingly the trees make moan our customers so we can make money For leafy greeness once their own. to buy you all good warm clothes like For blossoms dead and birdlings flown. American children wear.

At Christmas time. "Your brothers, ever since they have been big enough, have helped their At Christmas time we deck the hall father in the bakery. They carry in With holly branches brave and tall, the great trays from the oven, make With sturdy pine and hemlock bright change and deliver cakes and tonight And in the Yule-log's dancing light they will work 'till 10, 11, 12 o'clock We tell old tales of fields and fight that the Christmas dinner tables will serve our little cakes, rich with At Christmas time. raisins and sugar or the round cakes filled with jelly as red as the holly At Christmas time we pile the board berries. With flesh and fruit and vintage stored, And mid the laughter and the flow "They are such good boys, too. We tread a measure soft and slow, They try to learn in school, but they And kiss beneath the mistletoe are only immigrants and the other boys never invite them to join in their At Christmas time. games or clubs or Boy Scouts or any- thing. We try to be good citizens- 0, God the Father of us all to be honest and to worship the Christ List to the lowliest creature's call: we have learned about. But Oh, we Give of Thy joy to high and low" are so lonely! Comforting the sorrowing in their woe: Make wars to cease and love to grow "I look out of the window and see the happy faces-people hurying home At Christmas time. with arms full of bundles-friends meeting and smiling and wishing each Let not one heart be sad today; other a Merry Christmas, but no one May every child be glad and gay; thinks of us. We have each other- Bless Thou Thy children great and small. God be praised! But we do so long to And may each soul keep festival hear a friendly voice and to know that some one in all this land thinks of us At Christmas time. at Christmas time.

(Enter Mrs. Chzerney – a Bohe- "But listen! I hear children singing mian.) Christmas carols. They are coming nearer and nearer. Can it be they are SPIRIT: – "Here we have Mrs. coming to us 1" Chzerney, One of the immigrants, who have come to our shores. Let us hear (Carol in distance.) what Christmas means to her." (Two children who have been sing- ing off stage enter and give presents MRS. CHZERNEy:-"What a dreary, to Mrs. Chzerney and her two chi!- lonely Christmas Eve, my children! dren.) We are living in a Christian land, but not one of Christ's people ever says a GIRL WHO HAS BEEN SINGING SAYS: friendly word or reaches out a friendly -"We bring to you these little gifts hand. to make you feel you are living in a land among Christ's people and to wish "Over in Bohemia, the Christmas you a Merry Christmas." bells are ringing tonight and that is still home to me. MRS. CHZERNEy:-uGod is good to "We came here, my children, because us and all is well." we heard that in this country, you (Enter-Bedoin boy and girl tomight have a chance. But I guess we'll never be anything but just that gether.) 'German baker – Chzerney – and his family.' We have to work so hard, too. SPIRIT: – "These are Bedoin chil- We brought with us receipts for Bo- dren whose home is a tent in the wide. hemian Christmas cakes that have wide desert of Arabia. been baked by our people for hundreds of years and have been served to kings.

"Everybody wants our Christmas cakes this year and we have worked day and night to bake enough for all

(Boy wearing on head white cloth follow the rugged path from Jerusacap—only other dress visible is loose lem, once trodden by the wise men bro'Um coat hanging below knees-legs from the East who sought the newand feet bare.) born King in his manger cradle. We enter the city of Bethlehem and plod Boy:-HMy name is Achnet and this up the hill till we reach the eastern is my sister Fatima. We live where brow of the ridges. On the south side it is always warm and the sun shines. is one of the oldest Christian build- We have never seen it rain. Our home ings in the world, the Church of the is a tent on an oasis and when the Nativity. The entrance to the church springs dry up we move on to another is so low that one stoops to enter. We one. Our food is chiefly meat, cakes pass through the nave of the church to and dates and goat's milk. I have a the sanctuary, then down a flight of little colt, which lives in the tent with narrow stone steps to the cavern. me. When we are both older I hope he will carry me to the city where A silver star is set into the pavement people do not Jive in tents. When we surrounded by the inscription, which travel, we use camels, putting our tents translated is, 'Here of the Virgin and all our household utensils on their Mary Jesus Christ was born.' Above backs and we travel mostly before day- in the recess, hang many lamps of light as it is too hot during the day- gold and silver, which burn continuwe sleep then." ally. Pilgrims by scores and hundreds throw themselves on the pavement to FATIMA:-HWe never have to worry kiss the stones. The beautiful digniwith copy books and numbers as the fied service is held at midnight and it little American children do, but Oh, stirs the emotions. we have to work so hard even little as I am. 1 have to gather firewood and (Enter woman to tell Christmas churn butter by shaking it backward story.) and forward in a goatskin. Then my mother and father beat me for slight SPIRIT :-HListen, you are about to offenses, which would be all right for hear a Christmas story." my brother to do but then, I am only a girl. Won't you send someone to tell Use "Why the Chimes Rang," or any us of the love of Jesus, which makes other suitable one. At its close carols mothers love their girls as well as are heard outside. Spirit goes off as their boys ?" carols begin.

(Exit.) (At end of carols Mrs. Shopper (Enter woman from Jerusalem.) wakes with a stfLrt.) SPIRIT:-HNow that Jerusalem is again in the hands of Christians we MRS. SHOPPER :-"1 must have gone are doubly interested in their celebration of the Festival of the Nativity." to sleep and those carols wakened me. WOMAN :_HIt is evening in J eru- What a dream I have had. It breaks salem, the stars come out, one by one; my heart when I think of the selfish the cool breeze comes in from the hills just as it did that beautiful night way 1 have spent Christmas. If the when the shepherds heard the first dear Lord grants me another year to Christmas hymn two thousand years live, 1 will show him that 1 have ago. learned how really to celebrate His HWe women take off our beautiful birthday in a way that I am sure will bead necklaces and bracelets, cover be more pleasing to Him, for He said, our garments with a white veil and in little companies join the great 'In as much as ye do it unto the least throng that is going to Bethlehem of these, ye do it unto me.' I know five miles away. All Christmas Eve pilgrims from all parts of the world now that the true joy of Christmas is in giving to His little ones, not only money but the service of a glad heart. I am going to call the Deaconess and go to her rescue at once."

(Close with Christmas carol in the distance.)

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS AND COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS WORLD DAY OF PRAYER-1929 the meeting was held in the home of a sick woman whose bed was spread on THEME: the floor in the corner and who took part in prayer and speaking. All were "That They All May Be One" impressed by the service and sent greetings to other women who were It has been a wonderful evening joined with them in prayer. Enthusi- astic reports of gatherings in the Mt. spent in reading scores and scores of Hermon district have been received. letters from many lands telling of the blessing and inspiration of the World We trust that as a result of these meet- Day of Prayer, February 15, 1929. It ings there will come new earnestness is becoming literally true that through in prayer and in working for nonprayer the "whole round earth" is be- Christian neighbors."

ing "bound by gold chains about the PERSIA feet of God." We have learned of meetings held in the following coun- "We planned for two services in Teheran (11 to 12 a. m. and 2 to 3 tries: p. m.), held in the prayer room, the assembly room of the Persian church. Japan Turkey Africa About 100 women attended each serv- ice and six nationalities were repre- China Syria Nova Scotia sented and had a part in the program -Armenians, Hebrews, Zoroastrians, Korea Hungary Canada Assyrians, Moslems, Americans-'all one now in Christ Jesus.' As far as Philippine Poland Alaska possible we followed the general pro- gram translated into Persian. In the Islands Germany United afternoon Fatima Khanum, one of the strongest converts from Islam, New Zealand Austria States gave an account of her conversion, which stirred to the depths all pres- Australia Switzerland Mexico ent. In the noon interval, 100 women sat down together to a simple dinner Siam France Brazil of rice, stew and bread, in the large room of the elementary school. All Burma Holland British India England Guiana Persia Scotland Hawaii There are possibly others from which we have not heard. In some lands the thought has been new and only a few small groups have met on that day, while in many other lands the observance is increasing rapidly each year. Beginning in the Orient it was true that "from the rising of the sun to the going down of the same,"

the Lord's name was praised.

Glimpses Into Many Praying Groups sat on the floor, which added to the informality and good cheer of the oc- It is painful to cull mere snatches casion. It meant much to us at the from letters and reports which scintillate with such intense interest. morning service to know that for sev- eral hours in the Far East our Chi- SYRIA nese and Japanese sisters had already "The program was translated into been lifting hearts and voices in Arabic. In many towns programs prayer and praise; it meant much at were distributed in homes the day be- the afternoon service to feel that in a fore the meeting and an invitation few hours women in America would given. At Judeideh the principal ex- gather and remember us in Persia. A cused the advanced class in high school great blessing was ours in getting toto attend the meeting. At Khiam gether and in sharing the larger fel- 869

lowship of the Christian women of been expressed to have such a meetour world." ing not only once a year but more often." "We observed the Day of Prayer meeting in the Armenian church at SCOTLAND 1: 30 p. m. It had previously been planned by a committee co:nposed of "The meetings were well attended three Armenian ladies, two Persian and inspiring. The hope was exladies and one missicnary. They se- pressed that another year more groups lected their own leaders, planning and might be formed to meet for prayer." carrying out details. We felt a close tie with our sisters the world over during NEW ZEALAND those three hours of prayer and meditation. We represented many different "Many reports have come in; each nationalities, Persians, Arme::Iians, Assyrians, Jews, Americans, all meet- one breathes a message of thanksgiving together as one in Christ Jesus. It was all conducted in Persian except ing for mighty uplift and blessing retwo prayers in Armenian and two or three hymns sung by the Armenians. ceived. Our prayer meeting, divided I wish you could have listened to them. As I was walking home with one of into three sessions, was an inspirathe Jewish women after the meeting, she said what an inspiration it had tion; we shall never have any trouble been to meet all together. One lady expressed a wish for a similar meet- in arranging for another. Representaing weekly. tives of eight denominations were "At the meeting in Hamadan on February 15, 1929, much time was present. The inspirational value was spent in prayer, asking God to establish His Church in this country, to evident to all and the hope was exraise strong revivals in the Persian land, and to give full freedom for pressed that simill.lr meetings would those who are converted from Islam, so that they may work freely for their be held." . country and people, and set free the women of Moslem lands. The meeting "As we took part in, the worldwide closed with new pledges of good will and promises to work for Christ in the bond of prayer, we felt we were one coming year." with the great unseen army of inter- HOLLAND cesso·rs in all lands, who are part of "I translated the program adapting it to the needs of our country. As it the same great human family, whose was the first time the Day was observed, we did not expect large re- need is God. Already we are planning sponse, so began with printing 500 programs. After a few weeks 5,000 for next year's meeting." had been distributed up and down the countryside. In 50 different places a These are but a few of the heartenmeeting W88 held. The way many ing messages which have come from women from different churches and walks of life have responded to this all over New Zealand-from cities, call seems to be a sign of real need, of which we were too little conscious country towns, and from the twos and before. In some places the wish has threes in faraway outposts.

AFRICA "We began preparations to observe the Day in the Cameroun over a month previous by giving to the teachers of the schools for women around the Sakbayeme, and to the leaders of morning prayers in the villages, the verses of Scripture that were to be said in unison, so that they might teach them to the women. One woman learned and prayed one of the prayers; another read the seventeenth chapter of John. Four school girls sang a quartette.

"At Nkona there were 250 women present. To quote the evangelist, 'They were very happy to be called with other women to pray.' They asked, 'Will there be another such meeting this year?'

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

"Another meeting was held across that Jesus said, 'Where two or three the river at 2 o'clock, as then the are gathered together in my name, women would have returned from there am I in the midst of them.' " their gardens and as the drum for the afternoon session of school beats they MEXICO could know definitely the time of day. About 150 women quietly gathered. ."The Day in Pueblo was most in- It seemed as if there was added dig- spiring, of great spiritual uplift. nity in their bearing. Consciousness 'That all may be one' was the thought that they were an integral part of the presented before the Throne of praying women of the world made Grace. Race, color, social position them forget their color, their feeling were forgotten as all knelt and poured of inferiority, forget themselves in out their hearts before the Lord." the thought that they were one with all God's children, praying for the "The Christian women of the Fedselfsame things, saying the same eral District held a union service in words, singing the same hymns. The the Balderas church. The program day brought blessing to each of us." was followed with all reverence. This service of communion with one an- "At Efulan many took part in the other and with our kind Heavenly meeting; all expressed appreciation Father made a deep impression upon that they had been remembered." us all, and in our hearts there was a feeling of holy joy." "We thank you for including us in this Day of Prayer. We have been CHINA very much helped by it. There were 687 women present at our meeting at "Our churches are not heated ordi- Okon." narily, but for this meeting at Shen- chow we arranged for three braziers "The program was condensed, of charcoal fire around which about 50 adapted and sent to mission stations women gathered. We had a baby orof all denominations in Sierra Leone; gan to help with the singing. On the 11 reports have been received. The walls were pictures of women and chil- Day was observed, no doubt, in other dren of other nations." places not reported. It was suggested that the offering be used for paying "At Kaifeng a continuous prayer school fees of children who would service was held from 7 a. m. to 7 p. otherwise be unable to come to school. m. Some fasted one or two meals of This suggestion was taken kindly and the day. We had some big problems the Bonthe women went the second to bring to God." mile in undertaking the support of a girl at Moyamba. The women of "It was most interesting to see the Sierra Leone are gradually coming interest the younger women took in into their heritage." the service in Peking. Everybody en- joyed working together for it and felt "We had a very fine service in Free- inspired by knowing they were a part town; the women responded so well of a great body of women all over the there was no pause between prayers. world meeting in prayer to God." Everyone Bang heartily. The pastor led in prayer and then the women "Four Chinese women at Weihsien prayed one after the other most earn- formed themselves into a committee. estly." They decided everything, even to what man should be invited to keep up the "With rocks as seats and the canopy fires in the large church building, of a mango tree between us and the what women should serve tea to those sky, three of us missionaries observed who would remain over for the afterthe World Day of Prayer near the noon meeting, and who should take peak of Mt. Leicester. Our attend- care of the children for the day. This ance was small, but we remembered latter was delegated to the husbands and some school girls. There has been a distinct growth in interest in

giving the Gospel to others since our gram was given in English, part in meeting. The collection was a good Visayan. We made our own posters one and was given to employ an extra and announced our meeting in the dif- Bible woman." ferent services for two weeks before the meeting. The women were seated "At least 200 women gathered for in groups in the chapel, each group the service at Hengchow. To make having its banner." more vivid the idea that women all over the world were joining at the INDIA same time in a great volume of prayer, a group of young school teachers and "Under the shade of palm and others worked out a simple pageant, shisam trees, the Christian women of each wearing the costume of a given Mainpuri met to pray. A very imnation. Each told something of the pressive part of the afternoon proprogress of Christianity in the coun- gram was the prayers for all nations, try she represented, followed by the last prayer being one of special prayer." thanksgiving for all mothers through- out the world who had dedicated their "The various churches united in one sons and daughters to the service of big union meeting here in Changsha. the Lord." We followed the program suggested; had many denominations represented, "The service was truly an impresas well as nationalities. Changsha sive one at Sangli; the women enhas a variety of missions. There are tered thoroughly into the spirit and English, Germans, Nor w e g ian s , thrill of the observance of being part Swedes, and Americans; all took part of what Christian women were doing on the program. A splendid spirit of all round the globe. The offering infellowship and unity was manifested; cluded not only money, but three live more than 300 people were present." chickens, some grain, some peanuts. We all felt greatly uplifted by this PHILIPPINES service."

"The Day was observed among the "The program was put into the ver- Tagalog speaking people. It was in- nacular, somewhat adapted to India. deed inspiring to see the response It has been printed in our vernacular which the churches made. The offer- paper, the Sahayak Patrika, which ings went for work in Africa. We circulates among about 40 missions in want the folks there to know that it India." was a joy for us to give and that this money is only a token of the love and "In Guntur we began the day in the interest for their work which was born Mangalamandiram with prayer and in our hearts on the World Day of closed it at the Y. W. C. A. with Prayer." prayer. The program prepared in Telugu was distributed. We had a "The Day was observed in Ilocos meeting at the hospital chapel at Norte and Sur provinces and offerings noon; there was one at the Stall taken for work which the churches in School at the same time. At the close these districts support in the moun- of the afternoon meeting I asked the tains among pagan tribes. From all women what message I should send reports the programs were very worth- you. They said in one voice, 'Send us while in all the churches where they material for next year without fail, as were held. New spiritual life was we liked this program very much.' " awakened in the hearts of many, a world-wide interest and vision." "Yesterday was another great day for Kodoli district. The fact that all "The Mothers' Club, Christian En- the world of Christian women were deavor societies, Bible school women, using the same hymns, same Scripture nurses from the hospital and the Lola- made a wonderful impression on our litas of Silliman took part in the serv- Indian sisters. The offering of money, ice at Dumaguete. Part of the pro-

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

eggs, peanuts and Kaffir corn, was WORLD DAY OF PRAYER AT given for work in Tibet." KOllOLI. INDIA " 'The whole round earth' was certainly bound by gold chains about the that everyone who had part received feet of God' on the World Day of a special spiritual blessing. In Oliveira Prayer. Our little corner in Dehra our whole congregation came and took Dun, we earnestly hope, formed a very part and we felt the Spirit with us. golden link of that chain which united Although the women put it on, much us at the feet of God, where all are one propaganda was made for all-men, in Christ." women and children-to attend and it seemed the churches were full at one JAPAN hour or another on that day. It was fine to know the whole world was at "The programs were a great bless- prayer." ing to our work here, both last year and this. We had translated and BRITISH GUIANA adapted the program, and the women entered into the spirit of it with great "Our meeting here at New Amsterearnestness. It was a new, rich expe- dam was indeed wonderful. Since the rience to them, and they were enthusi- women here can not get out during astic over continuing to observe the the day, except on Sunday, we held a Day regularly." meeting on the evening of the 15th. It did not look very promising all that "Yesterday saw our first celebra- day, as it rained most of the time, but tion of the Day here in Hiroshima. around six o'clock the sky cleared and The program was translated into J apa- the stars and moon shone with all the nese and copies sent to the various brilliancy of a tropical sky, so people churches. We began preparation were able to come out in quite a good early in the week by explaining it in number. Many races were represented the different Bible classes, and by post- -Negroes, East Indians, Portuguese. ing notices and verses of Scripture. Members of different churches-Meth- The response on the part of the stu- odist, Canadian Presbyterian, Scotch dents was the thing that pleased me Presbyterian, Congregational, Lumost. All were impressed by the fact theran, Salvation Army-took part in that they were taking part in a world the program, which consisted of short movement, and that they of Japan talks on the objectives of the Day, and really had the privilege of leading off prayer, which was emphasized the in a worldwide chain of prayer." most, of course. It was really an in- spirational meeting and it did create KOREA a spirit of unity between all the Christian churches in this town. We "February 15th we gave up classes all felt as if we were one Church, as to join with the women of the church we are, inde"!d all one in Christ." in the World Day of Prayer. The meeting lasted from 11 to almost 3, SIAM with no signs of restlessness, so we kept on without the intermissions we "For the first time our women at had expected to have between differ- Chiengmai observed the World Day of ent topics. The bell rang each hour, though, so that those who could not come for it all, came for part. Such earnest prayers!"

BRAZIL "Five spiritual meetings were reported. Some divided the program into three meetings-8 a. m., 12 noon, and 7 p. m.- so that a larger number could attend. All emphasized the fact

Prayer. It was a beautiful service, was a great success; a real spiritual entirely in the hands of the Siamese uplift came from this effort. It was women. The program was practically an all-day program with an interval the same as was used in America." of about twenty minutes at noon. The nearness of those who were praying CANADA all over the world was just thrilling."

"In Toronto several thousand women "Last Friday was a great day in attended the meetings which were held San Francisco, California. More than in 18 churches, 15 or 16 nationalities 1,000 women attended the three-hour being represented in the leadership- service." Swedish, Finn, Indian, Ukranian, Japanese, Bulgarian, Chinese, Rus- "Several denominations in Pensasian, Italian, Dutch, Polish, Hunga- cola, Florida, held a real prayer servrian, Armenian, Macedonian, etc. ice. The colored churches were our Great publicity was given to the meet- guests and were given a part on the ings by the daily press." program-a big step for southern people." Canada has been very successful in enlisting the women living in the scat- "We had nearly 100 in our meeting tered rural communities and many of at Minot, North Dakota; 40 nurses the most precious meetings have been from a local hospital attended. The those where there have been but the meeting in the afternoon had groups "twos and threes." from six or seven denominations."

UNITED STATES "We observed the day at Winterset, Iowa, in cottage prayer meetings in Reports have been received from twelve homes." meetings held in every state. In New York the women of the five boroughs "Our Day of Prayer at EI Paso, in Greater New York, which includes Texas, was a wonderful day and cumu- Brooklyn and Staten Island, came to- lative in power. The auditorium was gether in 30 different churches. filled. The decorations at the noon Women of many denominations, many luncheon featured the nations, with nationalities, and different races wor- women in costume. American flags on shipped together. One borough re- the platform and lighted candles on ported at least 10 different nationali- white pedestals at each station around ties at the meetings, and prayers were the room illustrated 'prayer around offered in a number of languages. the world.''' Many groups of young people participated. Between 7,000 and 8,000 copies "The ladies of the missionary socieof a special "Call to Prayer to the ties of Billings, Montana, look forward Youth of the World" were distributed to this time each year when we all in young people's groups. Still an- meet together in prayer." other feature was a children's service held at the same hour as the women's Jackson, Tennessee, had a fine meetmeeting, but in a neighboring church. ing with all faiths represented. The "Shut-ins" had been provided with Catholic priest commended the plan programs so they could follow the and purpose of the meeting and the service. Sisters gave it publicity.

Mrs. D. E. Waid, of the Council of In order that mothers of young Women for Home Missions, conducted children might be in attendance at the morning devotions over WEAF and meeting in Phrenix, Arizona, special allied stations. The radio was also nurses were provided to have charge utilized in other cities all over the of the children. United States. Supplies for March 7, 1930 "The union meeting in which the churches of Joliet, lUinois, cooperated. THEME: "That Jesus May Be Lifted Up"

We are especially happy over the

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

JEAN PAx'rON IDSPERANZA HELEN KIM MRS. S. S. HOUGH ABELLERA materials* for this observance because Introducing Our Friends of content, authorship and attractive appearance. It is a very real joy to Mrs. S. S. Hough, Chairman of the have the Program the product of Joint Committee on World Day of Korea, the cycle of prayer on the Prayer since January, 1925, was, as "Call" from the Philippines, and the Mrs. Albert, a missionary to Africa Service of Consecration by an Ameri- for three and a half years. After the can. death of her husband, returning to this country she served for nine years The "Call" is for daily use begin- as editor of the women's missionary ning immediately. There are little periodical of her denomination, until seals to be utilized on all correspond- she married Mr. Hough. For the past ence from now until the Day, and a two years she has been president of poster to be conspicuously displayed in the Women's Missionary Association churches, stores, offices. of the United Brethren in Christ. She is a member of the Executive Commit- Accompanying the program, "That tees of the Federation and Council. Jesus May Be Lifted Up," there is a picture sheet depiciting the four proj- Miss Helen Kim, Dean of Women, ects assigned for free will offerings Ehwa Haktang College, Seoul, Korea, on the Day. Suggestions for leaders who made the main draft of the 1930 are with the program, and suggestions program, came to Ehwa Haktang, for leaders of the Service of Conse· Seoul, when a very little girl. A scholcration will be found in that booklet. arship was secured for her, and this, together with her own self-help Looking Unto Jesus through such work as ringing the bell for prayers, classes and meals, pro- A Service of Consecration with vided for her board and room. She was above title has been prepared by Miss graduated from Ehwa High School; Jean Paxton to be used by the local took her Post Graduate in Ohio Wesleaders and committee in charge in leyan University, Delaware, Ohio. preparation for the World Day of She was a delegate to the Pacific Re- Prayer or by the whole group at a lations Conference in Honolulu, Hapreliminary service on the Day. waii, and to the Jerusalem Conference.

Based upon the Messages fom the Miss Esperanza Abellera, who pre- Jerusalem Conference, all study pared the "Call to Prayer," is the groups will find it very helpful used daughter of a Filipino pastor who gave in connection with the books on "The up a teaching position at 100 pesos a World Mission of Christianity." month to preach for 30 pesos. He was the founder of the first United Church *'fhe program is 2 cents, $1.75 per 100; of the Islands. While away from home the SerViCe of Consecration, 10 cents. only two Esperanza wrote to her father: "You being needed for a meeting; the "Call" is free; have prayed that one of your children poster. 10 cents; seals. $1.75 pf'r 1,000. 25 cents per 100. All supplies should be ordered from denominational beadquarters.

might follow you into the ministry; I of the Church. Through the Boards had a long struggle between my way the message will go out to the utterand God's, and God won." She has most parts of the earth. It has algraduated from the University of the ready gone through the countries of Philippines, taken her Master's work Europe. All around the world women at Columbia and at present is studying are summoned to the Day of Prayer, for her degree of Doctor of Philos- March 7, 1930, to ask that this power ophy. may be given again, knowing that the condition is witnessing for Him. We Miss Jean Grigsby Paxton is a mem- ask all Christian women and girls to ber of the staff, Foreign Division of join in this spiritual fellowship and to the National Board, Young Women's begin even now to pray that there may Christian Associations of the United be a great awakening of the Spirit States. She was in Canton, China, for among all women everywhere. a term as secretary of the Young Women's Christian Association there. The topic for our World Day of Prayer this year of Pentecost, 1930, A World Fellowship of Ohristian is "That Jesus may be lifted up." How can He be lifted up without our * Women human hands? How can He be made known to these who have never heard, By MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY without our voice? And so we come ourselves, pledged to new consecration, We have read of the Day of Pente- pleading for a new vision of the cost and of the birthday of the Chris- world's need and a new vision of the tian Church which we love. We have world Saviour, pledged to witnessing realized that they were not all great and testimony in our word and life leaders, highly educated men and and deed which shall go on and on women, but very simple peasant work- until the last woman has been reached ing people who followed Jesus, who through this World Fellowship of Himself was a carpenter. After He Christian Women. left them they remembered His last message, "All power is given unto me It does not mean an offering of in heaven and in earth; . . . ye shall money; it must be done very simply, receive power after that the Holy as they did it long ago, but there must Spirit is come upon you, and ye shall be this power of the Holy Spirit and be my witnesses both in Jerusalem, there must be a dedication of life and and in all Judea and Samaria, and un- a new realization of the need and the to the uttermost part of the earth." power of the message.

As we think of those insignificant Suppose we all begin now to pray. Some of us have taken the very first groups, opposed by the great estab- waking hours in the morning to pray for a fresh outpouring of the Holy lished Jewish bodies, derided by the Spirit, forming a great fellowship of prayer. Then suppose we read again cultured rulers, going from village to very carefully the life of Jesus in His Gospels, and also the Acts of the village, poor, unsupported, carrying Apostles. For God is asking us for a new book of Acts of Women Apostles. the message-for they did not have Women must go, in the main, to women. Suppose we find our message, the New Testament or the Gospels, as the old, old story, and begin to give it and live it in a World Fellowship of we have them, only their contact with Christian Women. It could change the the Lord and with those who had seen whole face of the world and could him-there is no accounting except bring again the fervor of Pentecost.

that this promised Spirit came in power and so they carried the Word men and women, young and old. '

We have proposed that we Christian women form a spiritual union, without additional organization, to observe this 1900th anniversary of the beginning * Leafl.(-lt may be Pl'oclll'pd frum the Fj~dera­ tion or Council.

AMERICA these art products will be made

children, by Indians, and by peons. It C. E. Among Lepe…. is through art that the Mexican peo- ple express their genius and soul. PORTO RICO has its share of lep- rosy, although the disease is not Following the receipt of the "Friendspreading and does not form a major ship School Bags" ten lessons on interdanger to the lives of the people. The national good will were introduced into known cases, about 50, are isolated in Mexico's regular school curriculum. a modern colony maintained by the insular government. The evangelical A third American project will be the churches of the island, realizing the sending of a friendship symbol to Filiimportance of some Christian work pino children, to be called a "Treasure among those confined in the various Chest," into which will go various arstate institutions grouped around Rio ticles that all children enjoy and at Piedras, called a seminary graduate to least one book.

give his whole time to this work. The two institutions which claim the major An Indian Story part of his time are the leper colony MR. L. L. LETGERS, field repreand the tubercular sanitarium. In sentative of the Indian Mission both of these his work has been most of America, tells the following Indian acceptable and has produced fine re- story: "I shall not forget Anselmo, a sults. But among the lepers the work Guatemala Indian, a weak old man is more spectacular. Here, according with most of his lower teeth gone. I to the management, the question of can see him walking along. In his discipline has completely changed. right hand he carried a little Deitz Much more liberty is now being given lantern. In one pocket of his coat a to the patients with fewer breaches of bottle of oil, and in a little sack his confidence and trust. Out of a total of Bible and Testament. I said, 'Ansel- 50 patients, 39 belong to the Christian mo, why do you carry that lantern?' Endeavor Society. – Christian Cen- He said to me, 'I am getting old; I tury. cannot sleep well at night, and when I awaken I light my lantern and I can Friendship With Mexican Children read my Bible and sing praises to my L AST year, children of the United Saviour." States stretched hands across the On one of my trips to Guatemala, Rio Grande in friendly gesture by Mr. Burgess asked me whether I would sending Mexico's children 30,000 give a few Indian men special lessons school bags. This courtesy is now to in soul winning. While speaking I be reciprocated. Dr. Moises Saenz, turned to the old man and said, "Tell Assistant Minister of the Mexican Ed- me, Anselmo, how many have you led ucational Bureau, tells of the forma- to Jesus this year (this was about the tion in Mexico of a National Com- twelfth of February)?" The old man's mittee on World Friendship Among face fell. He said, "Ah, Senor, very Children, which is planning to send, few." I said, "Tell me, how many have before the end of this year to each you led to Jesus this year?" He said, state in the United States an exhibit, "There are not more than thirty."

representative of the artistic handi- Early in July of that year I received craft of the Mexican people. Many of a letter from the old man and it con- 877

bined a list of 144 whom he had led ance with the textbooks approved by to Jesus before the first of July. Aft- the Ministry of Education.

er the meeting Anselmo asked me to What this law will mean to the go with him to a place where he had Evangelical Mission Schools in Peru been working among the Mam Indians. cannot yet be determined. It would He had a group of young folks he had appear that under it no Protestant been teaching and they had never had child can receive a Protestant educa- an opportunity to make confession of tion in any school in Peru. At best, their faith to anyone who seemed to he can only be excused from Catholic them to have authority. instruction. Meanwhile Protestant The old man had them come to us missionaries are meeting in Lima and individually, and while standing before elsewhere for conference and prayer.

us they made their profession of faith and said, after telling the things that Protestantism in Brazil P they believed, "I have received Jesus ROTESTANTISM in Brazil is com- posed of two great groups, one of Christ as my personal Saviour." German churches and the other of na- This old Indian is the only witness tive. The latter constitute 340 parfor Christ in a tribe of 200,000.- ishes with 33,000 members and 190,000 American Indian Stories. children attending Sunday-schools.

Hospital for Costa Rica These churches belong to different de- nominations, each one of them pub- WORK in the Hospital Clinico Bib- lico in Costa Rica was inaugurated lishing a periodical for its members. on July 14th with appropriate ceremonies. Representatives of all classes of The Episcopalians, with 25 churches society were present. The hospital is and 20 pastors, publish the Estandarte divided into three sections: surgical Christao; the Methodist Episcopal clinic, maternity clinic, and children's clinic, the first two for paying patients, with 83 churches and 70 pastors, the the receipts going to the upkeep of Expositor Christao; the Baptists with the children's free clinic. 212 churches and 129 pastors, the Jor- nal Ba.pti!Jta; the Presbyterians with The operating room is admirably 128 churches and 80 pastors, the Puriequipped with a complete sterilizing tano; the Independent Presbyterians outfit, unequalled in the entire country. In the children's clinic there are cots with 84 churches and 22 pastors, the for thirty children. Semana Eva:ngelica and the Congrega- tionalists publish the 0 Christao.- Renacimiento (Lima, Peru).

In a visit of courtesy, the President Bush Negroes of Surinam of Costa Rica, Hon. Gonzalez Viquez, cordially expressed his interest in the MR. FISCHER of the Moravian effort to lower the infant mortality, Church in Surinam tells somethe official figures being 50% of chil- thing of his experiences on a trip up dren under five years and 33% under the Cottica River to visit the Bush one year. Negroes. He writes: Crisis in Peru "Many of the young people are weary of their heathen religion. They A DIFFICULT situation has arisen have thrown away all amulets and oth- in Peru owing to the passing of er heathen objects usually worn by a new law prohibiting the teaching of their people, and they no longer take any doctrine opposed to the state re- part in the heathen dances. We see ligion in any public or private school, the glory of God in the lives of people and decreeing that moral and religious who have come out of heathenism into education shall be given, subject to the the Christian life. To none is the plans, programs, and decrees which the change more apparent than to the heathen people. God often uses the Government may make, and in accord- lives of the converts to witness for

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Him. What wonderful faith and cour- The Gospels we gave the prisoners of age is imparted by the Holy Spirit to San Stefano, where no stranger is those who are saved. Would to God allowed to land, were accepted with that we in the home churches had the joy. The Director wishes to see you." same courage to witness for God before the unbelieving people of this The Director said : "Your books age !"-The Moravian. have brought peace in this island among our poor criminals. I am glad EUROPE if you have some more books for them." The Director gave him a per- The Missionary Calling mit to visit the cells. The guard un- locked one cell after another and REV. ROBERT FORGAN, of Scot- Signor Santoro spoke to the men and land, has made some observations offered them Gospels. as to the homes and parentage of present day missionaries. Speaking of the Colporteur Santoro distributed three United Free Church, he states: hundred copies of Proverbs and 1,700 Gospels in the three islands which he l. Of the 220 men missionaries visited. about 75 are the sons either of ministers or of missionaries. Leprosy in Europe 2. Of the 214 women missionaries REV. JUSTIN E. ABBOTT, D.D., about 70 are the daughters either of reports a visit made to various ministers or ot missionaries. countries of Europe to gain first hand knowledge of leper problems. His 3. Of the 180 wives of missionaries method was to visit Departments of about 60 are "the daughteJ:s either of Public Health, and gratefully acknowlministers or of missionaries. edges that he was met with unvarying courtesy. Poland, Austria, Hungary 4. During the last twenty-five years and Czechoslovakia were found to have about 40 of our women missionaries no cases, although there were special became wives of missionaries, and laws providing for the handling of quite a large number of these were the such cases. Yugoslavia has 74 known daughters either of ministers or of cases, Italy 226 and Switzerland posmissionaries. sibly as many as 25. Italy has a small leprosarium with about thirty inmates. From these figures it appears that Aside from this, there is no special out of the total of 614 men and women provision for lepers in Italy. . missionaries and wives of missionaries more than 200 have been provided The complete absence of leprosy from the homes either of ministers or from central Europe is accounted for of missionaries-that is, in brief, one- by the fact that none of these counthird of the whole staff. Of this 200 tries have colonies in lands infested it appears that about two-thirds are with leprosy, nor have they any comsons or daughters of home ministers, mercial relations with such countries, and one-third are sons or daughters of as have England, France, Spain, Pormissionaries in the foreign field.-U. tugal and Italy. Dr. Abbott has as F. Church Record. yet been unable to visit Roumania, Bulgaria, Greece and Albania. The Gospels for Italian PrLsoners League of Nations is collecting infor- mation along this line, and supply the I T IS a rule that no visitors are al- following figures: Crete, 400; Cyprus, lowed in the prison, which is built 250; Malta, 249; Roumania, 338. on a big reef of the island of San Adding these incomplete figures to the Stefano. The men there are reputed total for Yugoslavia, Italy and Switthe worst. Two years ago Dr. Pons, zerland, the total known cases reach an Evangelical Christian in Italy, took 1,572 for Central and Southern Euan opportunity Qf sending 500 Gospels rope. to the prison through contractors who supply provisions. Signor Santoro, a colporteur, later saw these men who said, "We have good news for you.

Prohibition in Germany point is made of establishing centers in hot beds of racial friction. T EN years ago the Germans looked upon water as something to run Ne", Pastors for Ru,ssia under a bridge, and to ask for a drink of it was to receive a good laugh. THE second graduating class at the Now, Germany is beginning to won- Lutheran Theological Seminary at der if she can spend three billion Leningrad, Russia, has added fifteen marks annually on alcoholic drink and young pastors to the seventy-nine who hold a place in world affairs. A little serve about 1,000,000 Lutherans in over two years ago a mass meeting was Russia. The ordination of these fifheld in St. Paul's church, at Frank- teen young pastors, two of whom are fort, to consider the question of local Ests ready to preach to Esthonianoption. Questions discussed were: speaking congregations, and all of them splendidly equipped for their 1. The Significance of Local Option service to the church, will permit the for the German Nation. 2. Local Op- retirement of several aged pastors who tion and the German Woman. 3. Lo- should be granted release from activcal Option and German Labor. ity.

Those who are working for tem- Bishop Meyer, of Moscow, in adperance in Germany are divided into two groups. The first organization is dressing the Lutherans of America, in favor of total abstinence and prohibition, the second is working simply writes: . for temperance, or moderate drinking. Also, the leaders are unable to collect "Not being able today to go into funds to promote the cause, but un- detail, I -CRn report to you only in questionably the nation is alert to the general that the condition of the progress of prohibition in other lands. church and of the congregations is growing worse all the time. Thus we The "y" in Czechoslovakia are looking upon it as a special grace of God that we were able to increase AMONG the 13% million people in the number of pastors in our church by these graduates of the Leningrad .tl. Czechoslovakia are seven lead- Seminary. This was the more neces- sary because a number of former pasing races, one half Czechs and three- tors have become feeble and unable to fourths Roman Catholics. The Prot- work. Thus it is fortunate that the estants, next largest element, number supreme church council is in a position about 8%. These include Czech Breth- to fill gaps. Our congregations appreren, Lutherans, Calvinists, Methodists ciate the fact that our fellow believers and Moravians. made it possible through their gifts to take care of the training of these The Young Men's Christian Associ- young pastors. If that had not been ation was at work in this country be- the case our congregations would be in fore the war, but it was then a church a still worse position." organization, weak in membership and in program. Its chief aim was to keep AFRICA the youth in the churches, and to protect them from the destructive influ- Algiers Mission Band ences of society. Following the war, the whole program has changed to em- MISS HELEN FREEMAN, pioneer phasize the idea of service, based on worker of the Algiers Mission the belief that individuals and nations Band, says that there is very little have a mission to fulfil; character ground in all the world that has been training; Christianity in daily life; so soaked with martyr blood as North cooperation and self-discipline. The Africa, and that present day service "Y" stands aside from church con- there is a "work of retrieval." flicts; and has found one of its chief services in acting as a link between In 1888 Miss I. Lilias Trotter and national groups. In fact, a special her friend Miss Haworth settled

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

among the Moslems of Algiers. Three the Moslems have taken to reading, years previously the North Africa Mis- and as they read they realize that they sion had opened its first station. Be- themselves and Islam are behind the fore then Mohammedanism had re- times and want to be brought up to mained for centuries unchallenged, and date. The EI-Azhar University in it was only after nineteen years of Cairo, the stronghold of Islam, has gradual growth that a society was or- purchased a thousand copies of the ganized under the name of the Algiers Bible in Arabic and a thousand copies Mission Band. Today it has fourteen of the New Testament. They have stations, with thirty-five missionaries. done it to compare the Christian Scrip- The Band has for its. aim "the evan- tures with the Koran, but the sword gelization of the Arabic-speaking Mos- of the Spirit has entered the heart of lems of Algeria, with special emphasis Islam.-Blessed Be Egypt.

on the needs of the practically un- touched peoples of the South." Miss Missions to Use Inventions Trotter's ambition was to push ever AGERMAN missionary, Father further and further into the desert, Schulte, of the Roman Catholic where some of the oases support popu- Missionary Society, a former aviator, lations that run into the thousands. proposes to use automobiles, airplanes, Intolerant Egypt motor boats, motorcycles and radio for the prosecution of missionary work in EGYPT professes to include in her Africa. He strongly advocates the un- constitution liberty of religion, limited exploitation of modern technibut in actual fact, this is not true. cal devices in connection with carrying Bishop Gwynne, of the Anglican the Gospel to the darker regions of the church in Egypt and the Sudan, re- earth and believes that the use of aircently reported to the Near East planes and other modern agencies of Christian Council that two women con- locomotion would accelerate and simverts of the Egypt General Mission plify the work of missionaries in unwere "by the order of the Moslem re- cultivated regions. ligious courts forced back to their fa- Captain Herman Koehl, the transatnatical relatives." "It is estimated," he lantic flier, with Colonel James Fitzsaid, "that about 400 Copts become maurice, one of his companions in the Moslems in Egypt every year-every flight of the Bremen, has placed himprovision is made for their reception self at the service of the society in into the faith of Islam; but when connection with its proposed aviation these two Moslem women wished to service in Africa, where it is intended openly confess Christianity, justice is to establish a missionary base in the refused. A convert on being baptized northern part of the former German is deprived of his patrimony. A wom- Southwest Africa which will be an has no power to change her faith equipped with ten automobiles, three in Egypt. If unmarried, her person motor boats, three airplanes and wirecan be claimed by her father or her less telegraph. The first motor boat, guardian; if married, by her hus- christened Pius XI, has already been band."-Alliance Weekly. shipped.

Well-known German steamship lines Modem'll Read the Bible and automobile and airplane manufac- THERE never was a time when there turers have promised to promote the was such readiness to receive and society's African plans. read the printed page, or when Mos- lems all over the Moslem world were A Gospel Triumph T so eager to possess themselves of HE Mashukulumbwe tribe, south of the Kafue River, is one of the most Christian literature and to study it. The unrest in Islam today is un- degraded of Africa. The natives were doubtedly largely due to the fact that slaves to other tribes before the ad- 5

vent of the British government, and the movement more marked. Forward- are noticeable because of the absence looking statesmen visualize a fusion of of upper teeth. They worship the all the great territories under the cow, and so during childhood the upper British Crown stretching from Cape teeth are removed in veneration of this Town northward through the Union of animal. Possibly this tribe has the South Africa, Rhodesia, and Nyasa- most degrading customs of any people. land, into the East African Protector- They have a particularly harmful ates.

method of smoking. A hole is made in If figures may be relied upon, South the ground and filled with tobacco and Africans are very religious. When the other more harmful ingredients. A last census was taken, only 3,203 perlong hollow reed is thrust into the cavity, and a lump of burning charcoal sons in a total population of 1,519,488, placed on top of the tobacco. The na- declared themselves as of "no relitives inhale deeply, and between in- gion." halations take a drink of water. The result is startling, for after a short The largest and most influential time they become intoxicated; and church is the Dutch Reformed, which continued indulgence causes madness. has more adherents than all the rest of the churches put together. Here are The results from preaching the Gos- the figures for the first eight bodies: pel among these people is most remarkable. Two native evangelists have Dutch churches ……. . . . . . .. 383,982 returned from one of their large vil- Anglican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294,026 lages after holding meetings for two weeks, and report more than one hun- Methodist. …. . . . … . … . … 102,771 dred conversions. Presbyterian ……………. 74,999 A few years ago a Christian teacher Roman Catholic …………. 61,246 was sent to a large Mashukulumbwe village, the Sodom of this section. At Lutheran ………………. 19,098 first little interest was taken, but soon Baptist ………………… 15,414 a school was established, and regular church services were carried on. Soon Congregationalist ………… 10,598 some began to take a stand for Christ. One day the chief decided that his vil- But the drink traffic is a serious lage should become a Christian village, question, divorce is becoming more common and moral standards are on the downward trend, against all of which the Christian conscience is as- serting itself. A recent Liquor Act embodies many radical reforms.- Christian Herald.

and that he was going to take a strong stand against such things as smoking, The Year in Tanganyika.

witchcraft, polygamy, and child-marri- ALL the stations and most of the outage. Today there is a strong church 1". schools of the Tanganyika Misin this village.–C. E. World. sion report unusually large increases in attendance, both at school and re- Importance of South Africa ligious services. The large school at T HE Union of South Africa is the Kijima has been taxed to capacity, most important white unit on the and the church at Busia can scarcely continent, and seems destined to be- accommodate the congregations which come the determinant of all Africa, assemble. One of the fruits of unin- not only because of the type of its terrupted services has been the bap- people, but because of its vast physi- tism of 57 men and women from the cal resources of soil, minerals and ani- Nera work, 33 at Busia, and 9 at mal life. The million and a half Lohumbo. There were also 182 pro- British, Dutch and other European fessions of faith from the Busia peoples are looking to the north for work. Church offerings were $776.12.

openings, making civilization's ad- By way of illustrating the difficulty vancing line from south to north, and of quoting accurate figures, native the coming of the railroad has made Christians at an out-school gave of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

money, time and material for the last issue of the journal, The Hebrew building of a church about $125, Christian. Writing about this remark- which is not included in the report, able feature of how the land shall be since it did not pass through the reg- governed and supervised, Sir Leven- ular channels. Again, a native teacher son says, in so far as has been com- so faithfully observed Christian char- mitted to it the task of preparing it, ity that frequent travelers stopping the Alliance will pursue the policies of for hospitality consumed all his food said organization to assist the Jews supplies. This represented heavy out- who are in distress, and also will give lay, and cannot be figured in terms of work to the Jews who live in the land real value as Christian testimony.- of their fathers without any discrimi- Inland Africa. nation, whether they have obeyed the commandment of righteousness, or not.

WESTERN ASIA It is 'also planned to build, upon that oil/Intercessory Members" of Union place, homes where Jewish Christians will be able to learn various trades, so THE "Bible Lands Sunday-school that they will be independent. It is Union," believing that many Chris- also their purpose to erect a Jewish tians unable to attend the recent Con- Christian Church, where baptized bevention at Baalbek, Syria, yet were lievers may worship.-Word and vitally interested in its success, ar- Work. ranged for "intercessory member- ships." An intercessory member is one who promises to pray regularly, from Those Persian Rugs K the day of his registration to the close ERMAN is one of the centers of the Persian rug industry. About of the Convention, for its success-success in the sight of God. Such persons 3,000 women and girls work as weavare considered regular members of the ers in this city, toiling nine hours a convention. ' day in winter, eleven in summer. A While the registration fee for those writer in Persia, Old and New says of in attendance was $1.00, intercessory them: "It is not possible for you to members paid fifty cents. This fee was meet in Kerman one weaver who has asked for four reasons: the appearance of a human being. The (1) That they may feel they are majority of the men and women are formally identified with the conven- sallow, abject hunchbacks, with detion, (2) That they may share in the formed legs."

financial responsibility, (3) That dele- Girls are apprenticed as weavers gates may feel they are sustained by when six or seven years old. For this the prayers of many who are present the parents are paid £4 in advance and in spirit though absent in body, (4) £6 or £8 more in instalments during That through this definite association the five years of the apprenticeship.

of delegates and intercessory members The girls themselves receive nothing there may be developed a unity of spir- whatever apart from these payments it which shall prepare the way for an to the parents. At their work the girls advance program of religious educa- sit on a bare, narrow plank without tion in Bible lands. a back to it. T.ley all become more or less deformed, some much more Church :for Jewish Christians than others. Marriage is extremely THE bit of land known as "Abra- dangerous for them, for because of ham's Vineyard," near the city their deformity, normal child-birth is walls of Jerusalem, is now turned over impossible. Except where competent to the "International Hebrew Chris- surgical treatment is provided death tian Alliance." Sir Leon Levenson, is the result in all but a few cases.

President of the Alliance, made note Missionaries of the C. M. S. are min- of the stupendous undertaking in the istering to what is left of these poor

girls after they have woven their fin- Seventeen thousand one hundred and est and best into floor coverings. sixty-nine Christians are reported. Average church attendance totals 6,- Persia is not a Christian country 205, while the average number of comand it is not probable that any of the municants is recorded as 1,889. A' factories where these outrages against good gain was made for the period womanhood are perpetrated are under under review, which was 15 instead the management of professed Chris- of the usual 12 months, owing to a tians, but a large proportion of the change in the system of keeping the output of the factories ultimately records. Baptisms numbered 630 chilreaches the homes of Christian people. dren of Christians and 1,069 converts A boycott of the industry until re- from non-Christians. In addition to forms are effected would be reasonable the fifty-one missionaries, twenty-two and right.-Indian Witness. pastors, 225 elders, 70 Bible women and 143 teachers are engaged in the INDIA AND SIAM work of the church.

Two Significant DocuDlcnt. An unusual column in the Mission Report is headed "Excommunicated." TWO Indian Church Documents have That excommunication is not out-of- recently issued from the press. The date in the group is made clear by the "Confession of Faith, Constitution, entry of 124 in this column. Exactly Rules, and Forms of Procedure" of the one half of the stations excommuni- United Church of Northern India ap- cated one or more members, one conpears in final form as drafted by the gregation thus expelling no fewer than Executive Committee of the General 43 out of a total Christian community Assembly. The book consists of 69 of 418. That some of those pronounced pages analyzed as follows: Confession unworthy to remain in the church of Faith, Constitution, Rules and profit by the stern punishment meted Forms of Procedure, Appendices: A. out to them is shown by the re-admis- Rules of Debate, and B. Forms. The sion to the church of 69, or a number freedom allowed in the Form of Ac- a little more than half as large as the ceptance demanded of all ministers, number excommunicated. – Indian reads as follows: "I receive and adopt, Witness. for substance of doctrine, the Confession of Faith of this Church as based Gwalior's "Conversion Bill" on and in accord with the Word of God. I N Gwalior is a general assembly The other document to which we which meets once a year and makes make reference is the "Proposed suggestions for legislation. The body Scheme of Union" of the Church of presents its requests in the form of India, Burma and Ceylon, The South detailed bills, but it has no power to India United Church, and The South enact laws. That lies with the Council India Provincial Synod of the Wesley- of Regency. In 1928 the general asan Methodist Church. The combined sembly presented a "conversion" bill. totals of baptized and communicants The object of the bill is to prevent any number some 616,199 persons. This person changing his religion because final draft of the scheme of union for of "coercion, undue influence, or mapresentation to the churches concerned terial inducement." It is popularly represents the product of ten years' known as the "minor" bill. It would labor.-Indian Standard. prevent any person between the ages of seven and twenty-one years from Santal Mission of North India changing his or her religion either voluntarily or at the will of the parents THE Santal Mission is aided by or guardians. Children under seven three boards, one in Norway, one would remain under the parents' conin Denmark and one in the United trol in religious matters. Any person States. The missionaries are recruited from each of these three countries, but are organized and work on the field as a single unit.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

over twenty-one desiring to change his ing as lay preachers. Cochin-China religion, would be obliged to intimate reports six self-supporting churches, his intention to a magistrate. The of- with an active church membership of ficer would publish his name and after 2,861. Tithing has been stressed, refifteen days either grant or withhold sulting in increased offerings and more the privilege of change of religion. self-supporting churches. Two members of the Council have stated that the bill is not directed Religious Freedom in Patiala against Christianity. A number agree with them. Others there are whose THE restrictions upon the Gospel opinion on this point cannot be ascer- imposed in some states are untained.-Indian Standard. known in Patiala, premier state in the Punjab. Hindus, Moslems and Sikhs French Indo-China as well as Christians enjoy religious liberty. The Christian Church was es- THE French Indo-China Mission un- tablished here through the work of the der the Christian and Missionary ministers of the Methodist Episcopal Alliance reports encouraging progress Church who first came to the city in in 1928. Protestants are granted full 1890. religious liberty in French territory, but in the Protectorates-Annam, The usual methods of proclaiming Toukin and Cambodia-ancient trea- the truth are followed here. At melas ties which gave religious freedom to and like gatherings Bible portions and Roman Catholics made no mention of religious booklets are sold and tracts Protestants, thus excluding them from are distributed in large numbers. Bethis privilege. However, an epoch- sides this all preachers and a few laymaking event in Annamese Protestant- men sell religious books, especially ism was the audience accorded by the portions of the Holy Scriptures, in the Governor-General at Hanoi, February bazaars of the city and in the weekly 28, 1929, to the Committee of the An- or the bi-weekly bazaars in rural namese Evangelical church. The Gov- places. ernor received them cordially, accepted the copies of the Church Constitution A college has been opened by the given him, and expressed a desire that Maharaja where free tuition is prothis church should enjoy the same lib- vided. Although there is no school erties as the Catholic Church. under Christian auspices, Christian children are not deprived of education- At the close of 1928, ten Annamese al opportunities. The church is lochurches had become entirely self-sup- cated within the bazaar. Every Sunday porting, two new districts had been or- Christians gather at the church and ganized and three candidates were non-Christians are impressed by this ordained early in 1929. A number of congregational worship, A European Annamese workers were imprisoned Police Inspector is one of the most either for distributing Scriptures or loyal and earnest Christians in the for witnessing for Christ, but turned city. On his proposal the church has their affiiction to account by carrying opened a reading room, where relitheir message to fellow prisoners. The gious books, papers and pamphlets are officials, from the highest to lowest, provided for the public.-Indian Witare not in sympathy with the spirit of ness. intolerance which imprisons a man because of the love of God in his heart, Student Catnpaigna in Burma and treat the men leniently, often letting them off with a fine. A JUDSON COLLEGE student, after an evangelistic campaign in the An outstanding feature of the work Karen high school, Rangoon, wrote in in Cambodia has been the organizing regard to the impression on himself: of various leaders into a district committee, and giving them special train- "Every time I go on a Gospel team campaign I feel the real happiness and joy of Christ in me, because I give

myself heart and soul into the hands who used of yore to guard the temple of God; because I continually have gateways with their all-powerful communication between Him and me, swords. praying to make me absolutely pure, honest, unselfish and loving; and be- Missionaries Still Needed cause I myself enjoy doing His work." MR. DAVID YUI, Chinese Christian A college girl wrote: leader, seeking to correct the im- "Now I have the real happiness which pression that the Christian forces of I have never known before in my life. China no longer need the assistance of My heart breaks whenever I think of missionaries, gave the following ex- Jesus' death on the shameful cross. pression of his views at a recent meet- Only now I admit that Christ's life ing of the China Commission: and teaching are the key to all nature and human destiny." "We depend on Christians in other The campaign resulted in forty-four lands to cooperate with us. Enemies baptisms and hundreds of decisions, a of China and the Christian movement large proportion being from Burmese have sought to spread the impression Buddhist homes, but it was thought that the Chinese Christians no longer that the more far-reaching result of feel the need of missionaries. This is a the campaign has been the re-conse- false idea, and if followed would lead cration of the Christian teachers. One to the death of the Christian movement high school teacher testified as follows: in China, as Chinese leadership is not "I have been a sleeping Christian, and strong enough to carryon alone. We up to this time have wasted my life. hope that our Christian friends in Can- When I heard the students pleading ada and in Europe and America will with other pupils to accept Christ, I not fall into the trap that has been laid made up my mind to work for Him." for them by our enemies, but will keep One third year student organized, their eyes open and will do all they trained and led a Gospel team for more can to strengthen the Christian forces than a month, with the result that in China …… I think I represent not more than 300, mcstly Karen Bud- only the views of my Christian friends dhists, expressed their faith in Christ. but also those of many non-Christian Chinese when I say that we shall be CHINA glad to receive back old missionaries to China, and to welcome new mission- Superstition on the Wane aries who may come to help us.. There may have to be some readjustment in T HE Nationalist Move~ent has relationships and in lines of work; but brought many changes to China. such readjustment should not discour- Students have taken an ardent part in age either the return of old missiona campaign against superstition and aries or the recruiting of new ones."- idolatry. Repeated proclamations have The Record. come out in the papers ordering the discontinuance of fortune telling and Foochow Trains Ministers soothsaying. The old formal and superstitious customs connected with T HE Foochow Theological School weddings and funerals are being done opens this month as a Methodist away with and more simple forms es- institution prepared to train preachers tablished. A one time famous temple for all the Conferences in the Fukien in Peiping has become a dump heap. area, with Mandarin as the medium of There is little demand for the sooth- instruction. Rev. Harry W. Worley, sayer who formerly had the last word recently returned from furlough, has in locating a favorable spot for one's been appointed president. Rev. Philip house, setting a favorable marriage S. S. Yu, delegate to general conferday, and choosing by signs a lucky ence, has just returned to the faculty spot for one's last resting place. Even after a year of special study at Drew less popular are the horrifying figures Theological Seminary. Since their re-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

turn, both of these professors have Iigious writings, and he was able to been in demand as speakers to report get the Gospel to every tent. concerning the attitude and work of the Church in America.-Christian From Shiabden Gomba to Leh was Century. a journey of eighty-nine days. Many terrible snowstorms were encountered A Dream and a Conversion and high winds almost daily. "One entire caravan perished in a storm AWOMAN in the country district in within sight of our camp. We met Taichow, a Buddhist all her 71 Tibetans every day on this long and years, had a dream a few months ago, difficult part of the journey and gave and in the dream found herself in the to them the message of Eternal Life. Christian church at Dazih, where she Tashi-gong is the last and most imporlives; and while there, a man dressed tant monastery in western Tibet. Here in white came up and talked to her. we gave the Gospel to the priests and The next day, the Bible-woman, going to many other Tibetans. All were the rounds of her village, called at this friendly and even sold us food. At woman's house, and told her the Gospel Kargil all animals had to be abanstory. She said: "How strange that doned, as the snow was so deep they you should come and tell me this to- could not get through. For ten days day. Last night I had a dream that I we waded through snow, many times was in the 'Jesus church,' and a man to the waist. We had to face terrible dressed in white came and talked to cold and winds, and our feet and lower me." The Bible-woman said: "The legs were wet most of the time. Many Lord Jesus is evidently calling you and times we were just hanging on to the has sent me to you today that you snow-covered mountainside picking might heed His words." The woman our way along a tiny path where one was greatly impressed, and was quite careless step would have meant· disconvinced that it was the Lord Who aster. One avalanche shot around a had spoken to her, and that He was huge rock just five feet in front of me calling her to follow Him. She imme- but the rock saved me."-S. S. Times. diately acquiesced and believed, and started at once to learn from the Bi- JAPAN-KOREA ble-woman more of the wonderful truths of His love. She gave up all Oooperation Brings Results her Buddhist idolatrous things and attended church regularly every Sunday. THE churches of Japan are discov- Church Missionary Gleaner. ering that the greatest results come from a united front toward the enemy. Pioneering in Tibet An example is the Temperance and Purity Society which, with denomina- MR. V. G. PLYMIRE, of Tangar, tional lines entirely lacking, has been Kansu, China, undertook last year turning in astonishing reports of proga long and dangerous evangelization ress. Hamlets and villages here and journey through Tibet, the first mis- there are voting out liquor, some for sionary ever to make this journey of moral reasons, others with economic 2,437 miles. He reports that many motives. In one case it was in order thousands heard the Gospel for the that a schoolhouse might be built with first time. He distributed 73,396 Bible the savings, and within five years the portions and 46,542 tracts in Tibetan, building was completed and paid for. beside a very large amount of litera- Again, 600 girls of four neighboring ture in Chinese. In a journey from villages formed a league and pledged Tangar to Dsun he passed as many as themselves not to marry men who 192 tents in one day and tried to reach smoke, drink or consort with immoral all with the message. All the men of wqmen. The results in moral improvethe Dsun district were gathered at one ment have been very noticeable, and place for eight days to read their re- the idea is spreading. It is quite sig- nificant that between 1,500 and 1,600

local temperance societies were started and "shells," except for a few maps. in Japan to commemorate the en- The loss in Scriptures was 9,108 un- thronement of an emperor, who uses bound Bibles, 36,448 unbound and 11,- neither liquor nor tobacco. Add to this 600 bound Testaments, and 132,600 the fact that three provincial legisla- portions valued, with some paper and tures have passed regulations provid- binding materials, at within a few yen ing for the abolition of licensed houses of $8,000. The more serious loss in 'of vice at the expiration of present plates and shells included plates for ,contracts, and one can see what a unit- one whole Bible, for six varieties of ed Christian conscience can do toward Testaments, and for eighteen different the realization of Christian ideals in a Gospels and other portions. The loss non-Christian land. In all these pro- of nearly 1,000 pages of freshly set grams of social betterment, a diminu- type for the "nine-point" type refertive Japanese Christian woman is a ence Bible, will amount to nearly $2,- mighty factor, Mrs. 0. Kubiushiro. She 000. is one of the leaders in putting the churches into cooperative harness for The misfortune of the Japan Agenthe social evangelization of Japan.- cy is particularly distressing, as the Christian Century. replacement of the severe losses in- curred in the great earthquake of Sep- Kobe COlILpletes C…..paign tember, 1923, was almost completed.- Bible Society Record. K OBE COLLEGE has successfully completed its $600,000 campaign Grouping Denominations on the date stipulated. This makes available an additional $100,000 from JAPAN has taken the first step tothe Harkness Foundation and will ma- ward grouping denominations. The terially assist Kobe College, which is churches tabulated below are all J apathe oldest college for women in Japan. nese, originally connected with vari- ous missions, sometimes of diverse It was founded in 1875 by the Wom- denominational names. For example, an's Board of the Interior of the Con- the Presbyterian group comprises two gregational Church-now a part of the Reformed Churches, besides the vari- American Board-and represents a ous Presbyterians. venture in international cooperation in the higher education of women of the STAT[STICS FOR 1928 Orient. The college has received official recognition through the commen- Com· Oburcbes Con· dation of the Emperor of Japan and Self·Sup· trlbu· high provincial officials. Its eighteen- mUlll- port- tions acre new campus near Kobe, costing cants Ohurches ing Yen $75,000, was purchased by the Japa- presbyteri an (or) nese graduates, who are now seeking an endowment fund of $300,000 to be Kihon Kiristo Kyokraised in Japan. w-Ij "" .. "", …… 40,866 261 127 6&1,278 Bible Fire Loss Methodist (or) Nihon Mesozisto Kyokwai. 32,783 ON JULY 4th a disastrous fire Congregational (or) 202 100 283,833 broke out in Tokyo in the plant of the Seiko Printing Company, printers ~ihon Kumiai Kyokof the Scriptures for the Japan Agency of the American Bible Society, and wai …………….. 21,837 169 83 4M,369 reduced it to ashes, burned timber and Epise -ual (or) Nihon ruined machinery. In the flames were destroyed a considerable amount of the Sei Kyokwai ……. 22,235 245 44 180,884 Society's printed Japanese Scriptures Baptist (0 r) Nihon and all of the Agency's printing plates Shin Rei Kyokwai .. 6.688 49 17 68,8()7 Oriental Mis. Soc. (or) Nih 0 n Holiness Kyokwai o the r P~~t~~t~~t 6,374 150 i'4 147,202 Chllrches .. " …. ". 27,163 596 42 8110,992 '['otal for all churches 163,1)016 1,652 497 2,629,365 -Missionary Voice.

Young Men Busy MISS EMMA E. GARDNER, of Nagoya, Japan, tells of the faith- fulness among young people in the Kinjo Presbyterian Church: "The Kinjo church is the second

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

largest Presbyterian church in the penses of anyone who wished to study city; the minister is Mr. Toeda, an free at the yearly District Bible Study earnest, spiritual preacher. His Class. church members number about one hundred and fifty, some of whom have ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC moved away to other cities, but still keep their membership in the Kinjo Philippine Progress church. The congregation is largely composed of young people; among T HE two hundred missionaries who them some splendid young men, who, have gone out to help the Philipwhile their minister and one of his pines with churches, schools and hoselders were away this summer at the pitals have exerted an influence far Los Angeles Sunday-school Conven- beyond the limits of the churches they tion, took upon themselves the re- have established. sponsibility of the church services, speaking by turns on Sunday and dur- In 1925 the Catholic Students of ing the week, and holding outdoor America sent a mission to study the evangelistic meetings in front of the Philippines. They reported that "by church every Sunday night. founding hospitals and dispensaries for the poor, secondary and industrial "When Mr. Toeda returned, he schools in the more important towns, found these young men had brought and splendidly equipped dormitories into the church thirty-eight young for students at Manila, the Protestant people, earnest enquirers who were churches are doing a work of positive reading the Bible and ready to be importance and value." The Roman formed into a class to be trained by Catholic church has removed practicalthe pastor for future church member- ly all of the corrupt friars from the ship."-Presbyterian Survey. Islands and has replaced them with clean, progressive, well-educated Chun Pyung Baing's Olrering priests from America, Ireland, Bel- gium, France and Germany. Educa- I N EAST KIRIN PROVINCE, about tion has been greatly improved, beauti- fifty miles west of Lungchingtsun, ful schools and dormitories have been some Korean Christians settled built, the reading of the Bible has been among the mountains. They agreed encouraged; in a word, the Roman that each family would set aside one Catholic church in the Philippines has day's plowing and put the crops to- come to resemble that in North Amerigether for sale, the proceeds to be used ca. for Gospel work. Some Christians moved away and others grew cold in The Catholic Historical Review in their love, but Mr. Chun, believing that 1917 had this to say: this money should be given to the Lord, took the price of the field he had set The Protestant sects have not been apart and bought a calf. without a quickening influence on Catho- licism, for they have aided the establish- One day Pastor Yu, while visiting ment of the [Roman Catholic] church on this village home, overheard a conver- the American basis, and the correction sation between Mr. Chun and his wife of undesirable conditions which had over this calf which had been eating grown up during the Spanish control. his tether. Mr. Chun wanted to keep The competition has served a good end the calf bull the wife maintained that for Catholicism, for it has put it on its they must sell it and give the money mettle in a way it might never have been to God's cause. Thereupon the hus- without it. The American clergy, I venband asked Pastor Yu to take charge ture to think recognize this fully.- of the money. The sixty-six yen thus Frank C. Laubach. obtained was used to form the nucleus of a fund raised by tpe churches of Union Church in Suva Pastor Yu's district to pay the ex- FOR about fifty years the European Presbyterian Church has been car- ried on in Suva, Fiji. It has had some checkered experiences, but through the long years has done excellent work

and borne good testimony. Many tians heard the call, and there is now years ago the Methodist Church a Gospel Hall in Samarinda and in thought of establishing a European Balik-papan. Church in Suva, but it was felt that there should be no overlapping in such These coast cities are occupied by a a small town, and the Methodist peo- mixture of Asiatics, Malay, Japanese, ple have attended the Presbyterian Sudanese and countless other races. Church and loyally helped in this All these speak Malay, a happy fact in work. Many of the office bearers are the task of evangelization. Moham- Methodists, and it has been felt re- medanism is rap i d 1y spreading cently that it would be a good thing through the instrumentality of Arab if some arrangement could be made traders. Everywhere are to be seen whereby the Christian forces might Mohammedan mosques.-Evangelical be more closely linked up in church Christian and Missionary Witness. membership. Successful Week Da.y Religious Conferences have been held between the Presbyterian and Methodist bodies Teaching in Australia, as well as a meeting between the parties concerned in Fiji, H ONOLULU has a record in weekand the result has been that the Pres- day religious instruction which byterian Church now becomes a Union any city might well try to emulate. Church. A Methodist and Presby- Work was begun four years ago, under terian minister will be appointed al- the Honolulu Interchurch Federation, ternately for a period of three years, and the first year weekday religious and while each will bear ecclesiastical education began in connection with relationship to his own church, he will seven public schools, with 2,200 pupils be recognized minister of the Union enrolled in church school classes. The Church. The first appointee under following year, ten school centers enthese new conditions is the Rev. C. W. rolled 2,700 pupils, and the growth for Turner, who has already taken up his the third and fourth years has brought residence in Fiji. The Union Church the enrolment to 3,556. All the 125 will be subsidized by the Presbyterian teachers were Christian, but from Church of Victoria and by the Meth- many different races and nationalities. odist Board of Missions until such These are part time teachers, but a time as it is able to carry alone its re- full time supervisor has the oversight sponsibilities. – Australian Christian of th~ system. A carefully selected World. course of study is provided, and the nature of the teaching is distinctly Borneo and Its Need evangelistic. In addition to these schools running throughout the school BORNEO, except Greenland and year, the Interchurch Federation car- New Guinea, is the largest island ries on a number of vacation Bible in the world. Missionary work is be- schools, with an enrolment of from ing carried on in British North 1,200 to 1,500.-Presbyterian Maga- Borneo; in the south, considerable zine. work has been done by German and Dutch missionaries, and the American NORTH AMERICA Methodists some years ago opened a work on the west coast of Borneo; Commemorate Pentecost but the entire east coast of Dutch Borneo is entirely without missionary CELEBRATING the nineteen hunwork. On the eastern coast line of dredth anniversary of ;'Pentecost," approximately 500 miles there are the birthday of the church, the Commore than twenty ports, and so far as mission on Evangelism and Life Servknown no station was ever opened in ice of the Federal Council of Churches this area until some Chinese Chris- has just announced a program which includes a campaign of personal evan- gelism, a church-attendance crusade, a Sunday-school' drive, the reestablish-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ment of a family altar in every home, eign public which comes into contact a series of "upper room" prayer-meet- with them. Particularly is the work ings to be held in churches, homes, of the Association worthy of mention shops, offices and stores, and a simul- as the Association during the past two taneous reading of a chapter a day of years has been sparing no efforts to the Gospel of Saint Luke and the Acts give a true interpretation of the colosof the Apostles. sal changes going on in China which lie at the back of the present Nation- This program, which will begin this alist movement. fall and continue through the winter and spring, ending June 8th, the day "It is with confidence that I look of Pentecost, is the culmination of a forward to the increasing usefulness series of conferences recently held by of the Association."-Chinese Christhe leaders in evangelism of the prin- tian Student. cipal denominations in the United States. Nearly all of the national reli- .Chicago Youth's Service Bureau gious bodies in America have already committed themselves to this observ- SHORTLY after his election, State's ance at their official conferences, as- Attorney John A. Swanson, of Chisemblies and synods.-Christian Advo- cago, announced that he would organcate. ize a youth's service bureau as part of his program of crime prevention. The Chinese Student Anniversary bureau has now been brought into ex- istence as a regular part of the city THE Chinese Students' Christian and county government, sponsored and Association in North America has directed by the state's attorney's office, just commemorated the 20th anniver- and Rev. Charles A. Gage, a Methodist sary of its founding. Hon. C. C. Wu, Episcopal minister of many years Chinese Minister to the United States, standing in Chicago, has been placed in his greetings to the Association, in charge. The field of service of the has this to say: youth's bureau is in home, school and club, and in nowise is the character of "The work done by students as such service political, partisan or secgroups in cementing cordial relations tarian. To keep a boy from going· between China and America is espe- wrong is infinitely more commendable cially significant. Through these uni- than using corrective measures on him fied and organized mediums, contacts after he has gone wrong. The new with American organs representing bureau will seek through every availidentical or similar interests are facili- able channel to create an atmosphere tated, and opportunities are created of helpfulness away from delinquency for mutual appreciation and criticism and crime. It is expected that the vaof each other's ideas and institutions, rious luncheon clubs, women's clubs, thereby removing the possibility of association of commerce, church fedmisunderstanding which, as it is gen- eration, Salvation Army, fraternal erally recognized, constitutes a formid- groups and other civic organizations able foe to international peace and will see the importance of representafriendship. tion on the advisory board.-Christian Century. "The Chinese Students' Christian Association has achieved signal suc- The Indian Problem cess in its lines of endeavor. The present membership of the Association, REV. RUDOLF HERTZ, of the comprising one hundred and thirty- American Missionary Association three institutions in thirty-two states staff in Eagle Butte, S. D., thus sumthroughout this country and four cen- marizes the findings of the recent surters in Canada, testifies to the influ- vey of the Bureau of Indian Affairs: ence it wields in the life of Chinese students in this part of the world, and Most of the Indians are poor, many to its usefulness even among the for- extremely poor;

The general health of the Indians is dation. Food, uniforms. heat, medical bad and their living, housing and sani- care, and general supervision are given tary conditions are conducive to the de- for fifteen cents a day_ Children are velopment and spread of diseases; brought in from six o'clock in the morning until closing time at eight in Tuberculosis and trachoma are preva- the evening. A registered nurse and lent to a distressing degree; the death baby specialist attend to the health rate and infant mortality are high; program. Five persons are employed in various capacities to care for the In an economic sense the Indians are children. During the two years since backward, with the result that insufficient its origin, the day nursery has given incomes, low standards of living and an 14,000 days of nursery care. The Comapathetic attitude toward progress are munity Chest of New Orleans granted general; $3,000 to aid in this work.

The Indians are not yet adjusted to the Federal Penitentiary for WODlen new economic and social conditions confronting them; THE Federal Institution for Women at Alderson, W. Va., is the only one They have little knowledge of the value of its kind in the United States. It of money and land; is a prison planned by women, for women and operated by women. There The intermittent and generally small are at present 314 inmates, under the incomes from land sales, leases and per care of a staff of twenty. It is thought capita payments from tribal funds en- the number will now increase, since courage idleness and retard progress; judges heretofore have often refused to sentence offenders because of the The survey party also reports that it lack of adequate places for their infound too much evidence of suffering and carceration. Now all women sentenced discontent to subscribe to the belief that in United States courts will be sent the Indians are reasonably satisfied with there. Offenses for which women are their condition. sent irtcIude violation of the prohibi- tion or narcotic acts, tampering with Three fundamental recommenda- or misuse of the mails, counterfeiting tions for improving the Indian service or any offense against federal law. were made by the Survey Commission: In conformity with the aim of the 1. The creation, in connection with the institution to reform rather than pun- Washington office, of a professional and ish. an effort is made to create a minscientific Division of Planning and De- iature community, under conditions as velopment; nearly ideal as possible, and the bene- ficial effect of useful activity is 2. A material strengthening of the brought to bear. They are not called school and reservation forces that are in convicts, prisoners or even inmates, direct contact with the Indians and are but "girls," and precaution is taken to responsible for developing and improving prevent the stigma of "criminal" from their economic and social conditions attaching to them in later life. For through education in the broadest sense example, Red Cross certificates to of the work; those who have completed the course in practical nursing are issued by the 3. The maximum practical decentral- National Headquarters in Washington, ization of authority so that to the fullest rather than by the local chapter at extent initiative and responsibility may Alderson. Religious services are held be vested in the local officers in direct regularly and all must attend, but viscontact with the Indians.-Congregation- iting ministers are required to avoid alist. mentioning criminal careers in their sermons.-Presbyterian Survey. Negro Church PrograDl THE People's Community Center of New Orleans is reaching out to serve its community. It has found places for more than 2,500 domestics in New Orleans. placing Over 1,000 persons in 1927. The character of applicants is investigated, and the bureau has built up a real reputation for furnishing reliable domestic help.

In 1926 there was but one day nursery in New Orleans for colored children. with a capacity of forty. People's Community Center organized a model day nursery, using the method advocated by the Russell Sage Foun-

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Training for World Friendship. By Ina done to these faiths. Carey went to Corinne Brown. 203 pp. $1.00. Nash- preach the Gospel of righteousness ville, Tenn. 1929. and salvation through a Holy God and His Divine Son. His work and the This book is written primarily for work of missions throughout the leaders of young people, but we won- world has been based on the Apostolic der what the effect ""ill be on young Gospel of Christ. There is no other people who, without historical back- Gospel today. Reforms without regrounds of Christian missions, read generation do not succeed in transher criticisms on the motives and forming men and nations, nor is any methods of the earlier missionaries. harmonious adjustment with Oriental faiths possible. Kali Ghat, Benares, In the first chapter Miss Brown in- and other centers of heathen worship dicts the missionary message, which cannot be harmonized with the pure she states has prevailed, as follows: Gospel of Jesus Christ. Missionaries of the past have sought first the It (this method) has made our mis- Kingdom of God and His righteoussionary endeavors a gesture of pity ness and these other things of social rather than an act of faith. It has betterment have been added. . Carey painted the rest of the world black and did the most remarkable literary work America white. It has made the non- ever attempted by one man in his Christian religions products of the Devil translations of the Scriptures. He and their leaders scheming priests who was forerunner of all industrial misdeliberately deceive the people. It has sionaries with his successful indigo pictured the sin and misery and sorrow, plantation. He was an ardent worker the poverty and illiteracy of other coun- for moral reform and against evils tries, the queer customs, the different embedded in Indian religious beliefs. ways, the unusual, the bizarre, the hideous, the bad. And then it has spoken We cannot agree with Miss Brown in glowing terms of what the missionary in her premise. We do agree with efforts of our own land have accom- her heartily in the need of training plished. for world friendship. This we can This indictment is disproved by have without any compromise between work and results of the missionaries the missionary and the terrible evils who laid foundations through the against which he must still contend. past century. They have not justified evils in America. They went to preach The second part of this book gives the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ, valuable suggestions for missionary the Saviour of sinners, which Amer- education. We wish that Miss Brown ica needs as truly as other lands. If we are to wait until America is per- might add to her book some of the fect before we carry this Gospel then great examples of missionaries who we must wait until all have passed on. did not fail in sacrifice even unto England was far from perfect when death and whose methods were the Carey went to preach this Gospel of methods of the New Testament, and Christ in India. He fought such in- produced remarkable results. Is not stitutions as child marriage, suttee the success less marked in recent and unspeakable immoralities of hea- years since institutionalism, higher thenism. Apparently Miss Brown feels that grave injustice has been 893

education and social service have been losophy, and a prominent educator, says, "What we want is a force and stressed rather than the Gospel? We motive" (p. 46). The authors of the book are convinced that "The message cannot change the Divine order. All of the Cross of Christ is Japan's su- preme need today." But their intermen must find not merely a great pretation of its value appears to be, not so much the atoning substitutionteacher, a leader in social reform, but ary work of Christ as the sacrifice of self for others. They think that the a Saviour from sin. Society will "new conception of self-expression" gained from the story of Christ's never be saved in the mass nor will it death, and "the message of the Risen Lord" will supply the new power debe saved by mere reformers. Men manded by present conditions (pp. 65, and women must still be regenerated 66). It is true that results of Christian as individuals if the world is to be effort in Japan through six decades saved. L. w. P. are inadequate and the growth of the Japan and Christ. By M. S. Murao and church has been slow, though the in- W. H. Murray Walton. 172 pp. 28. fluence of Christian ideas on the na- 6d. London. 1928. tion has been great. Some of the reasons for this lack of satisfactory Many books have been written Christian progress are clearly pointed about Japan by wise and understand- out but two others might have been ing men who help a foreigner to see stressed, especially for the help of with Japanese eyes, but there is per- younger missionaries. The first is haps none which will so quickly as the lack of thorough Bible studythis bring him to a clear and sym- comparing Scripture with Scripture. pathetic understanding of the country Few, even of the consecrated, able and people. This is especially valu- Japanese Christians are acquainted able to the missionary who' desires to bring to the Japanese a vision of the with the true value of the Old Testa- Heavenly Father whom he worships ment. This leads to a lack of a proper and of the Saviour through whom he understanding of the necessity, meanhas received deliverance, life and new power. ing and message of the Cross of Christ and of the teaching of the New Even those of long residence often Testament. They have little realizafail to realize the vital significance of tion that God is holy and righteous as many common customs and, therefore, well as merciful-abhorring and punare unable to sense the difficulties to ishing sin as well as loving the sinbe overcome, or to find a right way ner. There is little apparent sense of approach. Salient points in the of inward sin before His holy eyes. history of the country and of its reli- Repentance and confession of sin are gious beliefs show the development of not often stressed, even in evangelischaracteristics which differ greatly tic meetings, except in case of the from those of other peoples, and more heinous and open sins. which cause them to be misjudged. The authors of this volume show The second great lack among the clearly the lamentable effects of the Japanese is the failure to emphasize friction caused by the change in edu- the Person and work of the Holy cational ideals and methods, and the Spirit in the Church, in individual danger of making schools into ma- Christians and in the world and our chines rather than into places for the dependence on Him. We note these development of character and power two great lacks when we compare the to serve. young Japanese Church with the early Church of Acts. The greatest Present social conditions in Japan are vividly described, the seething unrest and bewildered search for relief from the conflicting forces reveal Japan's imperative need as it is felt by many eminent Japanese leaders. Anezski, a believer in Buddhist phi-

BOOKS WORTH READING

value of the book lies in the clear get larger farms," "to become farm showing through history and the owners." There is no quest of reli- forces that worked in the national de- gious liberty in their minds. Their velopment, of what the missionary Rom a n Catholic and Lutheran will meet in the mental attitude and churches are their cherished institu- spiritual life of the people, so that he tions. So it is the economic in- may more quickly effect a sympathetic stitutions of the states that assist approach to the people in his efforts them most in becoming Americans.

to lead them to Christ. H. P. C. Next in order is political action, to which they show an eager interest; Immigrant Farmers and Their Children. then social and civic institutions of By Edmund deS. Brunner. 277 pp. $2.75. New York. 1929. the community, the public schools, to which they send their children; last Several important questions have of all the American churches in vilbeen answered by Dr. Brunner in this lages and open country receive them excellent, substantial volume which into the structure of American life. treats of some subjects on which there This book pays a tribute to the was no reliable information. The Rom a n Catholic and Lutheran book has four masterly studies of churches of foreign speech, which communities or settlements of rural some anxious Americans will do well national groups, which alone are of to read. The writer says that their the worth of a book. It is well made, ministers are better educated than readable, and of convenient size, and are the average rural ministers in this gives to rural ministers and mission country. They serve longer as pas- .executives solid and reliable knowl- tors. They live with their people in edge on which to base the programs those sections in which the American of the parish and of the nation. ministers are absentee preachers, and The body of the volume is a careful their people attend and support their analysis of the numbers of rural im- rural churches better than the older migrants, their colonies, distribution, American churches are attended and and their assimilation to the Ameri- supported. Best of all, their pastors can population. One-fourth of the are sympathetic to the American foreign-born population is in the rural trend and are helping their people to communities (or was in 1920); being adapt themselves to the ways of this about three millions, of whom one- country, rather than imitate the half are farmers. In the order of size country from which they came.

they are populations of Germans, Nor- But the most interesting part of the wegians, Canadians, Mexicans, Brit- book, to those who care for the ish, with Italians, Poles, Dutch, Finns, church, is the chapter which discusses Irish and Swiss. The first named the relation of the American-speaking number over one hundred forty thou- churches with these rural immigrants sand, the last named about thirteen (pages 125 to 127). It is a story of thousand, in their population groups indifference, poor equipment, and lack in the last census. Two and a half of trained workers. But there is this times as many more are the children general statement, "that with equip- of these nationalities living in the ment to fit the need, trained workers, country. They attain American citi- a broad enough program, and regular zenship before their city fellow-na- help from the mission boards, success- tionals. Dr. Brunner records with ful work can be accomplished." Then gratification that the rural community follows the story, briefly told, of the shows a power of Americanization admirable work of the Presbyterians greater than that exhibited by the at San Gabriel, California, as an "out- city. standing example of successful Prot- These millions have come to Amer- estant work among the Mexicans-in ica "to better their condition," "to the fruit groves of the valley." The

observations of this survey are then Our Children; Renewal; The Sacrasummarized in the sentence-"The new American has made good on the ment; Lent. land but the Church has not made good with the new American." The principal emphasis is in pray- The picture as a whole presented in ers for Healing, with petitions under this volume is a hopeful one. Even the effect of recent immigration laws such titles as : You and Your Sickis described as good, in a measure; while the pictures of the colonies of ness; What to Do and How to Think rural immigrants, appended to the survey, exhibit them in a state of de- About Your Illness; Before an Operavelopment of which the earlier settlers of this country would have been tion; Recovery from Sickness. proud, could they have enjoyed it. But the service rendered them by The price of the book seems high; churches, in their transition from Europe to America, is that of conser- but it is worth the cost. These prayvation of their birthright religion, speaking generally, rather than of ers will be especially helpful to those evangelization by the American Protestant churches. who feel their need of Divine Guid- WARREN H. WILSON. ance. JAMES F. RIGGS.

Prayers for the Way. John S. Bunting. A Remarkable Biblical Discovery-or "The 55 pp. $1.25. Philadelphia. 1928. Name" of God According to the Scrip- tures. By William Phillips Hall. This little book deals very practi- 12mo. 175 pp. $1.50. New York. cally with the daily problems of ordi- 1929. nary life. The phrasing is good, strong in its choice of words, sensitive God, the eternal and the infinite, is to the best aspirations of the human an inexhaustible subject for study heart, and sensible in point of view. and experience. Everything connected The prayers are heart-cries to God with Him seems to offer a mine of for help. Such a book is demanded by wealth – His physical creation, His the complexities of modern life. Word, and His spiritual world. This little volume, by the president of the An example of these prayers is as American Tract Society, reveals the follows: "May we remember the pov- same quality in the very name of God. erty of any life that lacks faith in In his very rich and useful study, Mr. Thee, and the disappointment of any Hall calls attention to the name "I success that has not been won with am" (Jehovah), by which God revealed Thy Spirit. . . . May no disappoint- Himself in the Old· Testment times ment today cast us down, and no suc- as He revealed Himself in the New cess flush us with pride, and no sud- Testament times through the Lord den temptation make our feet slip. Jesus Christ. Efforts have been made May we beware of any impatient by unbelievers to weaken or destroy word with others that may lead us to faith in the inspiration of the Scripmistrust them. And may we avoid the tures and in the deity of Christ. This spirit of judgment and condemnation study by Mr. Hall offers valuable and which hurts our faith in Thee because inspiring evidence of the truth of it shakes our faith in men." those claims. He believes that he has discovered truths that have been lost A number of prayers have to do sight of for centuries. with such questions as Loneliness; The Day of Trouble; Justice; Disappoint- The Jews would not utter the name ment; The Defeated; The Home; Jahve for fear of taking the ineffable name of God "in vain." The name "Lord" was substituted for Jahve as the name of the eternal God in the Old Testament. Mr. Hall shows that this name has the same significance when it is used to refer to Jesus Christ in the New Testament and by the early Church. He points out that Christ came "with his Father's name, Lord" (Matthew 21: 9). The apostles "called

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1929

BUILDINGS. TEACHERS AND GRADUATING

Help Reveal Christ to Moslems Christ and His Message are interpreted to Moslems through Christian Literature published in Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Urdu, Panjabi, Chinese and other languages spoken by Moslems. By your prayers and gifts you can help to supply this much needed Christian literature for Egypt Syria Irak China Morocco Palestine Persia Java Algiers Turkey India Sumatra Tunis Arabia Malaysia South Africa Will you help the Christian missionaries in these countries by sending your gifts through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems cooperating with the Nile Mission Press and Interdenominational Committees on the field?

BOARD OF DIRECTORS William I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson. of New York, Vice Presidents Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.O., Cairo, Honorary Field Secretary Dr. William B. Anderson Miss Anna A. Milligan Dr. John H. Raven Mrs. William Borden Mrs. James M. Montgomery, Sec. Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Dr. James Cantine Dr. Frank Mason North Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Mrs. William Bancroft Hill Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Treas. Mr. Fennell P. Turner Send your contributions to The Treasurer, 322 West 75th Street, New York City.

Apply for information and literature to The Secretary, Mrs. J. M. Montgomery, c/o the Moslem World, 156 Fifth Ave., New York.

MISSIONARY COOPERATION (c) The development of African leader- ship. IN AFRICA (d) Meeting the needs of rural commun- A conference of representatives of the ities. American Mission Boards having work in Africa, was held July 7th to 9th at and In connection with this the study of the Hotel Gramatan in Bronxville, New educational policy of governments and oDr r the York, to discuss with the representatives rf'lation between the educational policy misfrom Great Britain and the Continental siolls and thnt of governments. Mission Boards, the possibility of de- 3. The development of a health program for veloping a larger degree of missionary Afri('ull missions with special reference to— cooperation in the African continent. The conference was attended by forty- (n) A comprehensive program for use in four people, eight representing Great schools. Brita.in and four from missionary societies on the continent and the discus- (b) Cooperation with governments in atsions were directed toward a discovery tack on disease. of lines of missionary endeavor which ought to be most earnestly pushed dur- (c) The creation of an African health ing the next five years and which would staff of doctors, medical assistants, prove most fruitful if carried out co- dressers and nurses. operatively. A program .based .upon these discussions was later adopted by 4, Furtherance of tbe work of the Christian the International Missionary Council at Li te-ra ture Committee for Africa. Williamstown as follows: 5. Cooperation with other agencies in the 1. Exploration of the best means of further- t'ndeavor to understand, conserve and develop ing and realizing the evangelistic alms of the what is valuable in African cultures and in~ Christian missions in Africa. stitutions.

2. The development of a program of Chris- 6. 'I'he occupation of the field and the avoidtian education in Africa as a means of realiZ- ance of overlapoping. ing this missionary purpose, with special reference t~ 7. rrhe encouragement and development of Christian Councils in the Continent of Africa (a) 'I'he improvement of religious educa- and the cooperation with existing Councils. tion, 8. approach to governments where neces- (b) 'Jlhe Christianization of Africa's wom- sary, in regard to questions involving the rela- anhood and home life. tions of missions and governments.

9. 'I'he bringing to bear of Christian in- fluence for the establishment of right racial relations, and cooperation for this purpose with the proposed Industrial Institute.

10. Prayer for the raiSing up of men and wonll'l1 {If outstanding Jit'ifts for positions of (,llristinn l{}udtlrship in Africa and support for efforts in di1ferent countries to secure for African missionaries the best possible equip- men t for their tusk.

Please mention 'l'IIJil MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE VORLD in writing to auvertisers. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor CONTENTS September, 1929 Page FRONTISPIECE-A Korean Christian Faculty and Students.

DOES JAPAN DESIRE MISSIONARIES? .. , .. ,"',.,',." .. , .. , .•…. ,DANJO EBINA 661 The PreBfdent oj Doahisha Uni1icrs1tlf gires the Japanese 'viewpoint of the missionarY Mtu6tion·.

THE WILLIAMSTOWN MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY COUNCII, .•..••……..•.••..•.•…..•…•.••…••.•••••.••.••••••..•••• ESTHER S'l'RONG 665 The story 01 the important m et'ting 01 the Committee oj the I. M. C. a,na 1ts meaning Jor 'World-wide evangelism.

THE CHURCH AND POVERTY IN CHOSEN •…..•………•….•….. L. T, NEWLAND 669 The rela·tion of the economic situation among the KOrl'UnB U8 1t ajJects the progresR oJ Christianity and sclJ-ffupport in tlte Christian Ohurch.

A ROMANCE OF MISSIONS IN JAPAN …………•………….. , .. HElmy LOOMIS 673 The story 01 carlll missionary da.ys in the Sunrise Kinudom and sonie remarkable 'Ways in which the Gospel gain-ed a foothold.

ROBERT P. MACKAY-A SAINTLY SECRETARy ……. , ………. A. E. ARMSTRONG 676 A brief sketch and apprecia.tion of the secrrtcwy of the Formon Mission Board of the Presbyterian Ohurch of Canada.

A FIVE YEAR CAMPAIGN IN CHINA .. " …. , … , .. , .. "……………………. 681 The proposed program 01 the China Ohri8tia.n Oouncil to win 500~OOO Chinese to Christ in the next five years.

ENCOURAGEMEN'l'S IN JAPAN ……….• , ………………. , … PAUL VAN DYKE 684 A NEW THING IN HOME MISSIONS ,., …… , ……..•…….•..• WILLIAM R. KIIw 685 The program for acn admmce 1Jwvement ill. home missions told by the secretary of the H01'Ile Missions Council.

A CONTRAST IN CO:s'DITIONS IN CHINA .. , …. " . ' , " , ' , . " . " GEORGE A, HUNTLEY 689 The rema'rkabTe record 0/ cha,nueB in a. century and' a QU(Jrtcr of Christian missions in Ohina.

INDIA AND ITS FUTURE ., .. , .. , …… ' , " , " ' , " , . " .. " , . , ' ,E. STANLEY JONES 697 DR. JAMES L. BARTON AND THE NEAR EAST RELIEF …..•.• DOROTHY P. CUSHING 699 TOPICS OF THE TIMES ",., .. "."""."",."."" .. """,.""",."""". 703 lIIETHODS FOR WORKERS …………. , ' , " " " , . , " EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON 70~ WO~{AN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN, , . "" ,. , , ,. , , ,EDITED BY FORE/WE E. QUINr,AN 711 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN ….. , ……. , .. , .EDITED BY AMY G. LEWIS 714 WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK.,., …….. , … ", …… ,. , .. "." …… , … ,.". 717 BOOKS WORTH READING …………… " .. " ..

TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

ROBERT E. SPEER, PreB/dent WM. I. CHAMBIIlRLAIN, Vice-PreB/dent DELA.VAN L. PIERSON, fJeorettllT'Y PulYUcation Office, 3d & Reily St8" Harrisburg, WALTER McDouGAJ.. r.. , Trea.aurer Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. Editorial and Business Office, 1~6 Fifth Avenue. New York City Entered a. second·cIa.s matter at the Post OfHce. Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3. 1879. OBITUARY MARY ANABLE CHAMBERLAIN, the be- 1_· loved wife of Rev. William 1. Chamberlain, Ph.D., Secretary of the Board of LET YOUR GIFT Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in America, died at Saranac Lake to Foreign Missions on July 25th after a prolonged i11ness. Mrs. Chamberlain was, for some years, PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME a missionary with her husband in India where a daughter is now laboring. You can make a generous gift to foreign mig… sions and have a needed income for yourself ** and others from the money you give by the REV. WILLIAM R. PATTERSON, Ph.D., Annuity Gift Plan who served from 1916 to 1923 on the Board of Home Missions, and later set This plan relieves you of uncertainty and up the Central Receiving Agency under worry caused by changing values of invested the New Era Movement of the Presby- funds and assures you a fixed income of terian Church, recently died in St. Louis. He had remarkable ability as a promoter 4i% to 9% per year of the church's work. He was born in Cedar Falls, Iowa, September 14, 1868. for the rest of your life PERSONALS A reserve fund of over .$1.500,000 guarantees the prompt payment of annuities to you. ALTON L. MILLER, Ph. D., recently elected President of the Northern Baptist Protect yourself against Joss through Convention, is Vice-President of the Bos- unwise investments and at the same time ton Bethel City Mission Society and last help send the gospel to all the world. year was made President of the Boston Social Union. For full information write *** Erne" F. Holl, Secretor)" Dept. 01 Annuities DR. JAMES EDGAR GREGG, Principal of BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. Hampton Institute, has resigned after a 156 Fifth Avenue. Ne.. York service of eleven years, a period during which the Institute has made marked ad- vance. The achievements of his admin- istration include the creation of the col- HoUl to Celebrate Pentecost lege; the establishment and endowment Experience Pentecost of the Builders' course; the establish- ment of the Library School; the enlarge- ment of the library building and the erection of a group of other important buildings; the increase of the teaching Read "A Modern Pentecost"

staff and a better organization of its ad- or "Power from on High"

ministrative functions. Dr. George P. Wonderful story of great Moravian Revival resulting in conversion of John and Charles Phenix has been appointed acting prin- W..sley. the birth of Methodism and Modern. cipal. . Foreign Missions and the largest contribu- tion of standard hymns in Church history. *** Book just published; 96 pages, 35 cents each; three for $1.00 postpaid. MISS MARY PRESTON, general secretary of the Hartford Y. W. C. A. for five " …. 'Power from on High' is a small book, but is years and at present secretary of the Na- full of fire. One yearns, as one reads it, for the tional Board, has been elected secretary fullness of the spirit." of the Commission on Missions in the Congregational Church in the field of pro- –Record of Chnsitan ~i'ork. Northfield, Mass. motion. " …. 'Power from on High' has been a very goreat * inspiration to me, and I wish it could be in the hands of every minister in a11 our churches.lI REV. .JAMES F. RIGGS, pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Little Falls, New -Dr. Charles L. Goodell, New York City York, has been elected a director in the Department of Education and Publicity, '…. I so delight in your book, ; Power from on of the Presbyterian Board of National High.' Is it possible to get it circulated in this Missions. Throughout his various pastor- country?"-Dr. F. B. Meyer, London, England. ates Mr. Riggs has been particularly successful as director of missionary educa- Addre.. the. Author, tion in both the presbytery and the synod. He is a grandson of the late Dr. Elias REV. JOHN GREENFIELD Riggs of Turkey and members of his family are now serving in China, Syria, WARSAW INDIANA Egypt, Africa and Turkey.

Please mention THE lIISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. 'J.'HE PJERSON MEMORIAL BIBl,E SCHOOL, SEOUl., KORE'~ 1929 J'ir8t Row, (Lelt to Riuht) .. MR. SUNG KON CnOl, Secretary d Bnglisll. Teacher" (Preshyterian); It:EV. IN YOUNG KIM, (8. Methodist), Old ~Pc8ta.ment Subjects.

Second Row: REV. CHONG SOOK HONG. (8. Methodist). Homoletics; REV. CHUNG No LEE, DeanJ (Presybterian); REV. ,V. J. ANDERSON , PrincJipaZ ..· REV. TONG OK L&JC, (N. MethodIst), New Testament,: R1!lv. PIL SOON ClIUN, (Presbyterian), New Testament.

'1' hird Raw; MR. SUN TOKU, ltfu.~ic.; 8ANG SOON KIM; REV. OR HYEN KIM, (Presbyterian), Life of Christ and Church History; CHOON BUM P ..n:; RE'~. ¥UNG 'l'AIK CHUN, Ohh"ese and Cam.position.

Fourth Row: IN TAlK CnUN; SUNG NOK P …K; KANG eHAI LEE; Kut CHUN KIM; TAl YVH Cn.{.

Fifth Row: PONG KIl N CliO ; SOD All CHUN; Hu] KOOK AN; CHA] YU:s' hI.

LII, No.9 September

DOES JAPAN DESIRE CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES?

BY PRESIDENT DANJO EBINA, Kyoto, Japan President oj DQ8hisha University A CHRISTIAN does not essen- fected by national and racial tially belong to anyone coun- feelings, that in their programs try or nation, but is a citizen they frequently forget to remem- of the world, inasmuch as Chris- ber Christ and His teachings. In tianity is not a national religion mission work, for example, the but is truly universal. Just as a words "American" and "English"

Christian belongs to the world, so ought not be made so important as Christianity belongs exclusively to the fact that the missions are no one country nor group of coun- Christian missions. As soon as tries. Christ belongs to the world Christians begin to actually think and His spirit should find its way of themselves as members of this to the hearts of all the peoples of world brotherhood, so soon will the world. Before Him all national many of the perplexing problems boundaries and racial differences that confront Christians and Chris- melt away. tianity be solved with greater sat- The living dynamic spirit of God isfying results.

moves this universe, and we who A Christian believes empirically live in it cannot long remain pro- that his religion is superior to all vincial-minded nor self-complacent. others. If not~ he has neither the It is a Christian duty to help es- conviction nor the right to preach; tablish the Kingdom of God in all possessing it, he can enlighten the earth. All men should be mankind, brighten-up its con- brought to know God as their fa- sciousness, broaden its hopes, and ther and to treat all men as broth- in God's name consecrate it.

ers. The Apostle Paul well said, The earlier Christians taught "Woe is me if I -preach not the Gos- the Jews to know God and preached pel." Christians ought to serve the Gospel of Jesus to the Greeks God and their fellow men with and to the Romans. On the one greater faith and devotion, fearing hand, they emphasized the fact that no spiritual nor material self-de- Christianity embodied the best of nial. morals and philosophy. On the Prote,stants in America, Eng- other hand, rejecting untruths, land, and Japan are so strongly af- they did not overlook the good 661

points in the ethics and philoso- religious beliefs. An understand- phies of the heathens. I believe ing missionary, therefore, can do that Christians today must again an immense amount of good in point out and fearlessly and con- emancipating these people from ob- tractively criticize certain mistak- sessions and perplexities. Many a en ethics and philosophies of the missionary's usefulness is meas- pagans and fearlessly preach the ured by his ability to successfully Gospel of Christ. Christian mis- clear up various conflicting ideas sionaries should be faithful to their between theology and science aris- beliefs and preach the Gospel of ing in the minds of enquiring peo- God, no matter what the sacrifice ples.

or pel"secution they may suffer Third, a missionary should pos- from doing so. sess a definite conception of moral Some may say that there are too duties. Foreign missionaries to J a- many missionaries today, that they pan have been especially loved for are too expensive, and even that their kind deeds, honesty, good con- they are unnecessary; if a mission- duct, and virtue. They are, there- ary is noble and capable, there is fore, greatly respected by the danger of his uselessness. Every Japanese people. However, some missionary'can do much good if he missionaries are too narrow- is the right type. They must pos- minded and show hatred for the sess certain qualifications in order pagans. They fear heathen doc- to be qualified to serve God in mis- trines. Sometimes they do not sion fields: seem to be able to overcome their First a missionary must be able spirit of national and racial superi- to reproduce miracles. Peoples in ority and thus hurt the feelings of Japan, Korea, and China, are like other peoples. If missionaries cast hungry people asking for food, cry- away narrow – mindedness and ing out aloud for those who can adopt the spirit of Christ, they will cure them of the terrible diseases win the confidence and respect of from which they suffer. Many re- the peoples with whom they work.

ligions in all parts of the world Many missionaries have converted profess to cure people of their sick- native Japanese to Christianity ness and attribute this power to simply by their faith and person- their respective gods. If mission- ality.

aries say "come and see" and ac- Any missionary who has these tually are able to show the people qualifications is welcomed in all that God still performs miracles parts of the world, even at great today, people will come to believe cost financially. The world needs that God still lives in this world. such missionaries and needs them Such is the first qualification for a very badly. Even though most mis- missionary. sionaries to Japan have had no Second, a missionary must have power of performing miracles and mental ability. People today are no profound knowledge, they have seeking knowledge. They are fac- been conscientious, ethical, and ex- ing such perplexing problems as cellent. That is why they have been that of the reality of God, the dig- so successful. If they had had all nity of personality, and the ulti- three of the qualifications, they mate end of mankind. They study would have been three times as science and become suspicious of successful. Much more complete

DOES JAPAN DESIRE CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES

would have been their success had Christians should send out their they also possessed moral leader- missionary ambassadors to the ship. ends of the world to tell their fel- lowmen of Christ and to make this Missionaries are not all well world the Kingdom of God. versed in social problems. Sociology is a relatively new science. "ONE MILLION SOULS CAMPAIGN" Young missionaries today have some knowledge of social problems, IN JAPAN but they are not essentially sociologists. They are specialists in the Toyohiko Kagawa, Japan's modern Gospel of Christ and a knowledge prophet, is projecting a "One Million of philosophy, economics, sociology Souls Movement," to bring the Gospel and history is necessary only as to the multitudes, with an appeal for these subjects interpret the teach- decision. He has become convinced by ings of Christ. his efforts for social reconstruction that unless some such great mass Christian missionaries should movement be organized now, the swiftnot differentiate one nation from ly advancing tide of socialism will ovanother, or stress the racial varia- erwhelm the Christian enterprise in tions among men. Before God all Japan and will spell disaster for spiritmen are all alike and each individu- ual idealism. Mr. Kagawa is on fire al is of infinite worth. with passion to make society Christian and he is able to reach and command The Christians of Japan might audiences of enormous size. His hearbear the burden of Christianizing ers at anyone meeting frequently numthe country without foreign assist- ber thousands and hundreds register ance, but how happy and beneficial decision for the Christian life. Devothas been our cooperation with for- ing most of his energies to platform eign missionaries. It has fostered work precludes his giving himself to a fine spirit of Christian brother- the business of writing which provides hood and has broadened the hori- funds for his social service work. His zons of the Japanese. friends feel that he should be dedi- cated to the great national campaign We live in a day when the stress which has as its immediate and ultiin mission work is less upon the mate aim the Christianizing of the sowords "England," "America," and cial order of Japan, and, as one means "Japan." We live in a world neigh- of financing the enterprise, they are borhood that requires a world point securing subscriptions at a dollar each of view in whatever mission work to a magazine published in English we may engage. called The Friends of Jesus, that serves to keep others in touch with the Some may argue that American movement and to reveal the world of Christians and Americans in gen- human need. eral do not reach the standard set by Christ and so are incapable of "I am teaching religion," says Mr. evangelizing others. This is poor Kagawa, "for, unless I do, the social reasoning. Our own churches will movement would be a failure. But my then have no right to carry Christ's religion is not exclusive nor merely of the church. My religion is the religion message to the people because they of Christ in the hearts of men." do not measure up to Christ.

THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY COUNCIL COMMITTEE AT THE HAYS'I'ACK MONUMENT, WIlLIAMSTOWN, MASSACHUSETTS.

Von t~:t::I:'~~h~ls~sifan:;DWn,BJ~h~go~I'i~~nfr'i~I~ :.t:;. ~~~~;,t·~. ';~c~ ~A~~r,W:cni:t~~' J~~:kl~: ~~~t , 4jcrOls~~hRfrs.l~~~g:;"Dj. GII~S~~a:~I~~~ Mendoza, Jam e~e~~:J~a~~'lacoe::n~g~&~~;:: Mf"~s~j~~~~~~' ~::k~~~ODr~~~I~ie~e:k!!: R;~e~~. :~!e:i~::·1.p~~~c~7j~~rt~A~Y~~i~e~I~~ iI~~:~n~n.~. BC~~:;~g. A. Ebl1.Awa, K. T. Paul, H. Anet, C. E. WIISOD, D. B. Schneder, Julius RiChter, Miss Pndwlck . E. Braga , F.. Amdahl, R. E. Dllf.ndor!er, V. K.

I~atourette.

WILLIAMSTOWN MEETING OF

I. M. C.

BY MISS ESTHER STRONG, New York A88iBta.nt Seorctu·ry oj the International llfisB"iorHf,ry Oouncil O N THE campus of Williams missions in Western lands, mis- College, where the monu- sions in industrial areas and race ment stands to commemo- relations, the Christian approach rate the famous Haystack Prayer to the Jews and medical missions. Meeting held in 1806 when the Every delegate went home with a American for e i g n missionary distinctive message for his own special task, a broadened sympathy movement was begun, another his- and outlook, a renewed faith in the toric missionary meeting was held Christian mission and a deepened July 11-21, which may well be re- sense of fellowship in the worldmembered for the renewed empha- wide Christian movement. What sis given to the central evangelistic effect could these two hundred and purpose of all missionary work. fifty delegates have on the wide This was the' meeting of the Com- range of Christian work?

mittee of the International Mis- The Chairman of the Council, sionary Council attended by fifty Dr. John R. Mott, spent the year delegates from the fourteen na- following the Jerusalem meeting, tional missionary conferences in visiting as many of the missions as western lands and the fourteen possible, to confer on their special National Christian Councils on the problems and work. numerous mission fields. Through the fellowship of this group of In making a report of this tour earnest Christian frontiersmen of Dr. Mott said that economically, man y nationalities, races, and Asia is in a very serious condition. Church affiliations, the unity of In India the burden is the heaviest the Christian movement was made in the villages and hunger, ignomanifest. rance, disease, superstition and in- debtedness claim heavy toll of suf- It was a small group but widely fering. In China the civil war has representative and with a definite caused a great economic deprestask to perform. This task was to sion and the famine conditions dereview the progress made since the mand immediate attention. Japan, enlarged meeting of the Council at quite contrary to common belief, is Jerusalem in the spring of 1928 and plan how best to conserve the also suffering economically. The results of the year's work and how earthquake destroyed a p pro x – imately one sixth of the wealth of best to proceed in the years just Japan and the suffering among all ahead. classes is acute. Nationalism is in- tense and spreading, not only be- At the Jerusalem meeting rec- ing more aggressive but having a ommendations were made on a number of topics, including the clearer understanding of its aims Christian message, religious edu- and goal. Although there seems cation, the relations between the to be more misunderstanding of younger and older churches, rural the peoples of Asia about each missions, the support of Christian 665

other than formerly, there is a far ature was available to the average greater will to understand and an man. He invariably found liter- increasing number of constructive ature of a very inadequate type or minds at work. none at all although there was an Dr. Mott reported that the in- abundance of Western literature fluence of Christ is vivid in every of other varieties, especially politi- land he visited in the Orient. An- cal. The Committee of the Inter- ti-religious forces are very strong national Missionary Council was but the Christian movement is on called upon to give a clear lead in the aggressive. The effect of the this matter.

call of the Jerusalem meeting is To the Council was also brought e v ide nt, for it has not only a summons to a larger evangelism.

strengthened the morale but has The Five Years' Movem,ent in given a new sense of direction and China was inspired by Dr. C. Y.

a strong united lead. This is part- Cheng, who was present at Wil- ly due to the influence of the na- liamstown. T his nation-wide tional Christians who were at movement aims to double the Jerusalem and who have inter- church membership in five years preted the meeting to their own and to strengthen the devotion of countrymen. the Chinese Church to Christ.

The situation in the mission Preparations for a similar move- fields clearly indicates a number of ment in Japan, known as the King- tasks which the International Mis- dom of God Movement, is under sionary Council must face, said the guidance of Toyohiko Kagawa.

Dr. Mott. There is great need for These great spiritual awakenings help in educational work, in clari- demand the intelligent cooperation fying the conception of religious and constant prayers of all Chris- education and its relation to gov- tians.

ernment education. The National As at Jerusalem, the subject of Christian Council of India, the pro- the Christian message was one vincial councils and the educational that received most careful consid- institutions sent a special request eration. Mr. J. H. Oldham opened for a commission to be sent to In- the discussion with so stirring an dia to study the situation and give address that the Committee re- advice. It is hoped that such a quested it to be printed in full for commission will be sent in 1930-31. wide circulation. Repeating the Less vocal but no less urgent was Jerusalem meeting warning Mr.

the need in Japan for such a com- Oldham said that secularism is the mission. greatest foe of Christianity today.

The problem is a matter that In the West the skepticism and holds a foremost place in Dr. agnosticism which dominated the Mott's thought. He visited more thinking of a few leaders a century rural areas than he had before ago is openly taught in schools been able to visit and saw their in- and colleges and is permeating the tense need. thinking of the masses, who in The lack of Christian literature consequence, are losing not only is another major concern and in their religion and moral restraints various places Dr. Mott visited but all sense of purposeful living.

book stalls to find out how much In the Orient the ancient religions and what kind of Christian liter- are crumbling before the on-rush

THE WILLIAMSTOWN MEETING OF THE I. M. C

of western civilization. The Orien- the world, and we must pray that tals are at the cross roads. Lack- God will raise up more Christian ing the Christian heritage they are thinkers of the first quality. We confronted with the choice between must put before them the demands a secular or a Christian interpreta- of the present world situation and tion of this scientific age. The de- appeal to them to take a larger, cision is a critical one. The mis- more active and more direct part sionary forces, so limited in re- in the world task of the Church sources and numbers, can only and devote their talents and their hope to influence a fraction of the genius to helping the Church in situation, but they can and must meeting the world-wide challenge call on Christian leaders and lay- of secular civilization."

men to face the situation and to While Mr. Oldham has been giv- work each in his own sphere. ing some time to work such as he "We do not want to make mere- outlined in his speech, his major ly the traditional missionary ap- time and thought since the J erusa- peal," Mr. Oldham said, "we do not lem meeting has been devoted to want to ask primarily for support Africa. One of the practical re- of the organized missionary move- suIts of this meeting was the ap- ment. Our 'appeal is wider than pointment of Mr. Oldham and that. We want to say to them, Miss Gibson to carry out the care- 'This, as we understand it, is the fully defined program of work in world situation with which Chris- Africa which was based upon the tianity is faced. How, in your recommendations of a group of own distinctive sphere, can you boa r d secretaries interested in help to meet it?' We want to say Africa who met for three days in for example to a group of school- Bronxville, New York, just previ- masters, 'You are engaged in train- ous to the Williamstown Meeting.

ing the youth of the nation. How Mr. William Paton presented to far is what you are doing directed the Council the progress made to- towards the development of per- ward the founding of a department sons who are equipped to help the of the International Missionary Christian cause in the world of to- Council to undertake social and in- day?' That is a much more fun- dustrial research to help mission damental and far-reaching ques- workers in the problems which tion than the obtaining of in- arise from the spread of industrial- creased support for the organized ism-such as the problem of forced missionary movement. If a right labor in Africa. This department solution of it is found, a solution of will be established at Geneva with the other question will be found one secretary to travel as a con- also. The approach to 0 the r sultant, and the other secretary to groups would be on similar lines; head the work at Geneva. It was "A beginning in the approach voted to submit the detailed plans to Christian scholars and theo- to the constitutent national con- logians has been made in Great ferences for vote and it is hoped Britain in a conference held in that before another meeting of the York. This needs to be followed Council this project will be well up in all countries. We must en- launched.

deavor to get into touch with the The problem of rural missions best Christian minds throughout was opened by Mr. K. T. Paul of

India and Dr. Loram of South claimed the right to change her Africa gave a vivid account of the faith under the new Egyptian gov- excellent results of Dr. Butter- ernment which guaranteed com- field's visit to South Africa. The plete liberty of conscience. To officers were authorized to secure everybody's surprise she was in- the services of Dr. Butterfield for formed that the constitution could the next two years to visit China not over-ride the law of Islam and and India and commissioned them that the religious law placed her to raise funds for this purpose. under the guardianship of a near The special appointment of Mr. male relative. A you n g man Basil Mathews was also authorized claimed the guardianship and the with the hope that he may give all woman was arrested by the police of his time to the presentation of and forcibly handed over to the foreign missions to youth. guardian. The case was taken in- The officers of the Council were to the Religious Courts but at once also asked to secure a secretary to a difficulty appeared as no Chris- develop the department for the tian lawyer is allowed to plead in work among Jews. An Interna- the Moslem Religious Courts. A tional Committee to carry forward Moslem lawyer had to be employed these plans was appointed, the to defend the girl and the case was American members of which are: lost as it was judged not by the Dr. J. S. Conning, Bishop Thomas constitution of the country but by Nicholson, Canon S. Gould and the archaic laws of the early days Rev. Henry Einspruch. of Islamic domination. It was Mr. W. W. Cash made a state- pointed out that a woman is con- ment on the missionary work in sidered as a minor until she had the Near East, particularly in re- attained the age of sixty and that lation to the question of Religious she is not free to change her faith liberty in Moslem lands. He said until after having passed that age.

that Islam is based upon a theo- Another law forbids any Moslem cratic idea of government through at any age to transfer his religious which the state and the Church are alliance from Islam to any other one. Islam itself has divided the religion. While man y Moslem world into two parts, the half of lands are proclaiming their boasted peace in which all true Moham- new nationality and modern pro- medans were members and the gressive constitution they are still half of war which included all dominated by the old reactionary other peoples. Islam has domi- orthodox religious leaders.

nated all social, economic and po- The officers of the International litical life. There is therefore a Missionary Council were asked to clash between orthodox Islam and watch the situation in Moslem nationality on the one hand and Lands and to bring pressure to the constitution of an Islamic form bear through publicity or otber of government and modern demo- means to better this situation.

cratic constitution on the other One of the major problems fac- hand. In Egypt recently the ques- ing missions today is that of re- tion of religious liberty has been ligious freedom in state systems of brought accutely to the fore. education. Many countries like A woman of twenty years of age Turkey and China are formulating had become a Christian and had new national systems of education

THE CHURCH AND POVERTY IN CHOSEN

and a strong and unified position question of evangelism and the should be taken by Christian mis- great evangelistic movements of sionary forces. In mandated areas China and Japan. Dr. Cheng told governments are also feeling their about the Five Year Movement and his hopes for a great spiritual reway in relation to the problem of vival. He asked especially for native education. If missions at prayers for the success of the this time will take a firm and movement, the prayers not merely united stand on fundamental prin- of the Board Secretaries but of the ciples it will undoubtedly have a hom e constituencies. A second great influence on government pol- great need is for missionaries who icy. It was agreed that the Inter- will give their whole lives to the national Missionary Council should service of China, as well as for extake steps to unify Christian think- perts who will go out for short peing on this point. The relation be- riods to deal with specific probtween education and evangelism lems. There is need also of help must also be carefully thought fro m Western churches in the through. Education cannot be de- financial needs of the Five Year veloped as a thing apart for it is an Movement. integral part of the evangelistic purpose. Some of the practical Nationals of In d i a, China, suggestions of the Religious Edu- Japan, Brazil and Siam, also voiced cation report were: 1. The prep- urgent calls for more missionaries aration of manuals for other areas and it was agreed that a presentalike Mr. Dougall's manual for tion of these needs should be made Africa. 2. A study of the new to churches in Western lands. educational policies in mandated areas, many of which have been Special stu die s were recom~ profoundedly influenced by Dr. mended in relation to the develop~ ment of self-support, and in the Thomas Jesse Jones's reports on problem of the propagation and Africa. 3. Visits to the field by maintenance of churches with experts in religious education. simple and less expensive forms of organization, and in the develop- The discussion of the church ment of Christian leadership. centered around the fundamental THE CHURCH AND POVERTY IN CHOSEN BY REV. L. T. NEWLAND, Kwang-ju, Korea SOME of the greatest problems ment in many directions; extreme in Korea are due to the gener- poverty leads to disease. Even the al poverty. According to gov- more fertile parts of the country ernment reports about 910 of the are sometimes the most poverty people of Chosen, or about 16,000,- stricken. 000, are in dire poverty and of The explanation of this is inthese 2 % or 3,500,000 are in the volved and concerns the Japanese, the rich Koreans and the people as beggar class. Poverty hinders self a whole. There are now immense support in the churches; poverty Japanese holdings that once beprevents young men and women longed to the Koreans and hunfrom obtaining an education ; pov- dreds of Japanese small farmers erty limits expansion and improve-

are taking the land and the place wrested from a stony creek bed, of Koreans, for the man from Ja- tiny rice fields. They went up on pan can farm more than a Korean. the mountain and farmed land that was so steep that it was almost The rich Korean who lives in the perpendicular. Even this did not cities, and sucks up the small farm- provide enough land to go around; er as a whale sucks up minnows, but still they were able to make a is a growing burden on the econom- bare living. ic life of the nation. While they themselves are rich the paradox These mountains and this valholds that they, like the great land- ley, every inch of them, belong to lords of ancient Rome, have a large two large Japanese corporations part in the poverty of their people. but for years they have rented the land out to the people of this vil- The people as a whole are not lage. Last year there was a change free from blame for their poverty, of overseers and the new man for with an open handed disrespect proved to be anti-Christian and had for the value of money and a de- several concubines all of a queslightful disregard for debts they tionable class. He put woman numcombine an indolence and an un- ber three in a house just below the progressiveness that have left them church building and this sinfar behind. It is true that the steeped social outcast felt keenly rainy season saps their vitality and the scorn of the clean Christian the winters are so mild that they women and the reproach of the litdo not build it back. The very in- tle church that threw an accusing ertia of the farmer has done much shadow across her yard. No soonto strip him of his property and er had she landed than she began his pride. to pull wires with her so called hus- band and by last fall she had pre- Let one example illustrate some vailed on him to take away all the of the underlying reasons for Ko- land from the Christians and give rea's poverty. I have just been to it to her people. This Christian a little church tucked away in the village was thus deprived of every mountains that is so poor that one bit of land they farmed, all rights is depressed to look at the miser- to cut wood and grass on the mounable way in which the people live. tain for fuel and even their little turnip patches and garden spots. Years ago this community made a fair living by growing tobacco A local pastor told me that an on the steep mountainsides. Then average of ten beggars came to his the government, apparently in fa- house each day, While the market vor of the tobacco monoply in place swarms with dirty half naked which it owns large stock, decreed beggar children. Some of these are that no tobacco should be raised in beggars from choice but most of this province. This cut off produc- them have been forced into this tion and raised the price of the fin- life by the economic pressure of ished article. With one stroke of this part of Korea. the pen the livelihood of a whole Under such handicaps and facvillage was swept away and there ing such conditions we are trying was no attempt made to teach the to build a self-supporting, self-repeople how to grow something else specting native church. Our work as a money crop. is almost entirely among the poor The people turned to the narrow valley at their feet and patiently

for they are ready for the Gospel ual revolution which is necessary and the message of Christ who before there is any hope of a ma- was reared in poverty is especially terial gain. The poverty of Korea for the poor. He casts the only is tied to anti-Christian practices ray of light over their economical far more tightly than the people night for He can make them rich themselves know. Superstition and exchange their rags for a means lack of progress and yet a king's robe. religion of superstition fills the life It is hard to ask these poor farm- of the average non-Christian. ers to contribute anything to the Business methods and business church causes for not only have honesty have been well nigh dethey not enough to support their stroyed by the religion of the land family but the most of them are that asked for only a formal obalso burdened with a slowly in- servance and made absolutely no creasing load of debt. Yet perhaps claim upon a man's actions. There is no use to introduce business rethe strength on the Korean native forms and better farming methods church lies in the fact that from so long as people as a whole do not the beginning they have been grasp that the only foundation uptaught a sturdy independence and on which business success can be the value of supporting their own built is a moral basis. work An average of $5.00 per Preaching and teaching of the year in gifts toward the support of the church causes shows how Gospel of Christ is the most urgent loyally the Christians of this part work that confronts the church toof the country stand behind the day. The Christian life as shown church. forth by social workers in all lines of service is needful and the church Does the development of the must not forget to live as well as church life in this land require that preach but unless the man of Kowe give less attention to preaching rea can understand the inner mothe Gospel and put our main effort tive of the Christian life he will into social Christianity? Quite pos- grasp for the fruit and disregard sibly the majority of the young the root. church members would answer with an enthusiastic, yes! The church must not have her eyes distracted from her supreme But the problem cannot be thus business. She will cure Korea's easily solved. The church is social and financial ills far quicker charged with caring for the whole by diagnosing the hidden troubles life of the people. The Christians than by applying a healing lotion should be better farmers, mer- to the ugly eruptions on the surchants, bankers and coolies than face. their non-Christian brothers. Only The church seems scarcely awake Christ's teachings will change the to the fact that there is an economsocial and business customs that ic urgency to her message as well are at the root of much of the pres- as a spiritual. The root trouble ent trouble. The Korean must be with Korea's financial and social remade spiritually before he can wrongs lies, not in the incapacity hope for financial independence. and backwardness of the people, The real solution of this problem but is found in their moral and will be found in a moral and spirit- spiritual inability.

IMPORTANT KOREAN

T HE Korean Government Gen- public schools. Slightly less than eral recently enunciated two 30 per cent. of Korean children of important ref 0 r m s that school age attend any school even should greatly benefit the peasants, including those attending the old- especially the tenant farmers. style Chinese classical schools. To The credit situation in Korea remedy this situation the govern- works severe hardships on the ment proposes to establish an ele- farmers; the recent survey of mentary school of two or more rural conditions made for the In- grades in every township that now ternational Missionary Council lacks one. It is intended that the found that interest rates ran as curriculum of the schools shall be high as 60 per cent. Private ef- made more practical. Care is beforts to remedy this evil have been ing taken in the curriculum "to inadequate. A M 0 n e y Saving free the country from the evil of a Guild was formed from which bookish education such as that members could borrow at not clutching the homeland," as the ofabove 18 per cent, but this was no ficial announcement puts it. Man- assistance to the tenant without se- ual work, handcraft, and gardencurity and, as a result, thousands ing are to be among the subjects lived in practical slavery to the taught along with the three R's and the Japanese and Korean lanmoney lender. guages. Field supervision of ex- The Government General has isting schools is also to be in- now organized "Farmers' Cooper- ative Credit Guilds," each of which creased and normal schools will be will be made up of 30 families, not improved to take care of the demembers of the Money Saving mand for more teachers."

Guild. Through this cooperative CHURCH UNION IN KOREA credit guide, peasants may borrow 20 yen to 50 yen at an interest The two American branches of charge of only 12 per cent. a year. the Methodist Church in Korea The proceeds of the loan must be have sent urgent appeals for per- use d for productive purposes, mission to unite organically and either in agricultural pursuits or yet to maintain relationship to some subsidiary industry. their respective mother churches.

This is a very important reform. The General Conference of the If it operates successfully, the Northern Church has granted this earnings of the capital fund can be petition and appointed a commis- used to expand the system to the sion to act with similar ones from extent of the demand without ad- the Methodist Episcopal Church, ditional expenditure of capital by South, and the Korean Conferthe Government General and one ences. of the greatest handicaps to the fo);o;! ~~ ~~~~~~t:~gtt~C~~~vte~a~g~~~e~':f°~:s economic progress of the Korean tenant will be removed. diti()ns by the Internati()nal Missionary Coun- The second reform relates to ~~l~ i::dfuat~eo~Ys~Ci~r~~dU~lt;~'U~R~S~:~chf education. Barely half of the While in Korea he was asked for suggestions Korean townships, and less than by the Government and bad numerous confer.

six per cent. of the villages, have s~i~~ a~~t~th!~eoffi~i~1:ri~or~11~tirt~e !!:t~~! f~~~~o~~~':f p~~~nl~t ~~~:e~~~!sf:3:ctiC"1 ellnca· 672

A ROMANCE OF MISSIONS IN JAPAN-

I NA band of some one hundred On being questioned as to what and twenty Chinese lads sent he would do if he were released, to America to be educated in Choy's reply was that he would go the year 1873 was one Choy Ting back and fight again. He was de- Kan. This lad spent nine years in tained as a prisoner of war and the United States, graduating at brought to Hiroshima in Japan, the head of his class from the high and there met Mr. Henry Loomis, school of New Britain, Connecticut. who was bringing spiritual help On his return to China, he won the and comfort to the soldiers going confidence and good will of the to the front, to the wounded in the famous statesman, Li Hung Chang, various hospitals, and to the Chi- and was appointed an instructor in nese prisoners who were kept at a the Naval Academy at Tientsin. Buddhist temple about a mile from When the war broke out with Ja- the city.

pan, he was appointed to the com- Captain Choy was given the mand of one of the torpedo boats, Christian Scriptures and other re- and at the battle of Yalu so dis- ligious books, and was enabled to tinguished himself for bravery and make a thorough study of Chris- resourcefulness that he was at once tianity and come to saving faith in promoted to the command of the Jesus Christ.

torpedo fleet at Wei-hai-wei under In course of time he was trans- Admiral Ting. ferred to Osaka, where Mr. Loom- In the course of the naval war is found him in a state of the the admiral determined to send, deepest dejection. The time for the first of all, the torpedo boats close of the war and an exchange against the Japanese fleet. So, in of prisoners was drawing nigh, and company with the other torpedo the news had come to him through boats, Captain Choy ran out of the an English friend in China that he harbor and attempted to sink a was accused of being a traitor and man 0' war; but failing in this, of having led the torpedo fleet in and seeing his return rendered im- deserting Admiral Ting, and that possible by a maneouvre of one of an order had been issued for him the enemy's cruisers, he fled to- to be beheaded the moment he fell ward Chefoo, and being pursued by into Chinese hands. Consequently a larger and swifter vessel, he ran Choy saw that his only hope lay in his boat aground and he and his securing a release that would en- crew flung themselves into the icy able him to remain in Japan, or water and made for the shore. The escape to some other country. This survivors were few, but among led him to pray earnestly that Mr.

them Captain Choy found himself Loomis might be sent to him in his clinging to the edge of the shore hour of need. It was with great ice but unable to lift himself out joy that he welcomed his friend as of the water. At this juncture a a direct answer to prayer.

Japanese soldier, attracted to the Mr. Loomis's presentation of the spot, drew him out. case was listened to very sympa- of • This interesting story was written by the thetically at the Japanese war of- l:li:'leR~~;'i!.~n~;, ~~~::,~~, agent the American fice, and after some delay, word 673 2

came that he would be released on fess I love the Book dearly. The condition that Mr. Loomis would one you gave me at Hiroshima is take charge of him. Consequently my constant guide and companion, this young Chinese officer of and the spare spaces in it are bestrength and promise found him- ing filled with marks and notes so self an inmate of a Christian home, that if you come to Formosa, you the influence of which upon his own will see it buoyed and beaconed heart and life he refers to over and with red and blue ink with Chinese over again in letters written to his and English notes and other pribenefactor. vate helps to the digestion of the Bread of Life. From Yokohama Captain Choy went to Formosa, where he re- "My estimate of the worth of the ceived an appointment under the book is the lifting power it pos- Japanese Government as inter- sesses: how far it is able to make preter in the Commissariat Depart- men good, noble and happy, how ment. Here he identified himself high it can elevate us from the with Christians, became a very beasts and brutes and makes us earnest lay worker, and was so true men. In no other book, ancient blessed in this labor of love that or modern, heathen or Christian, he determined to devote himself en- are such standards set forth as in tirely to Christian work. the Bible. It does not only refine our nature and carry us to a loftier The following extract from one sphere, but it makes us sons and of his letters shows something of daughters of God, and heirs to a the calibre and spirit of the man: throne more glorious than earthly "I know you have been asking all kings in the height of their ambithe time, What is your spiritual ex- tion ever dreamed of. perience? What is your relation to the Lord of Glory? I have been "Another standard of the worth happy without anxiety, for I know of the Book is its power of inducthat He careth for me. It is my ing thought. A book is not necesexperience that to be a Christian sarily valuable because it contains is to be happy. To know that certain facts; but it is valuable and Christ is ours, which means that precious because its perusal will everything else is ours and yet to stimulate thoughts in us. It will be fret and to be anxious, to wear a valuable in proportion to its power wrinkled face and a knitted brow, of setting our own minds in active a drooping head and a heavy heart, motion. Some books, though interand to make the cross of Christ a esting on first reading, will appear heavy burden seems to me highly distasteful on a second perusal; profane. We should show others but the Bible is inexhaustible in the light, the joy, the hope and the depth, and even after repeated bright prospects of a Christian life. readings new thoughts will rise and present themselves. The closer "Christianity is not a philosophy, not a fiction, not a superstition, but we examine the more there is in it. a living and practical faith. There- It is really a world-a world of fore I am always happy as possess- thoughts, a world of joy, a world ing Him who supplies and satisfies of blessed promises." every want. In course of time, the captain "In obedience to your good ad- found his way back to Hongkong; vice I read the Bible daily. I con- and finally, under the influence of

A ROMANCE OF MISSIONS IN JAPAN

Li Hung Chang, was repatriated "You have mentioned Joseph in and was eventually found identified your letter, but 1 have tried for with the reform movement. years to soothe myself with the After the death of his wife and thought of Job. It is vain to ex- two children from plague in 1903 pect happiness on earth. Religion Mr. Choy dropped all correspond- is a moral exercise and an educa- ence with his old friend and for tion of the soul. It is a force for some nine years was lost sight of the upbuilding of character. It altogether. But, one day in 1912, does not necessarily bring with it Mr. Loomis, at the home of the human happiness; it only enables American Consul Generij.l at Y0- to bear with fortitude the trials of kohama, overheard a correspondent life. It was wrong to expect that of the Associated Press from China religion could make us truly happy using the name of Tsai (Pekinese in the earthly sense, or that God for Choy) Ting Kan, and speaking could exempt us from the physical of him as the right hand man of laws of nature through our Yuan Shi Kai, President of the prayers. God does not bribe us in- Chinese Republic, who had loyally to belief by promises of bliss. God stood by Yuan in the darkest hours, is a moral being, and we know him and played no small part in bring- best who receive Him with philo- ing order out of confusion during sophic calm through the channel of those troublous days. Further in- faith, which begets knowledge and quiry revealed the fact that this wisdom to guide our thoughts and was none other than Captain Choy, acts, and lift us above the idea of now raised to the rank of admiral sorrow or joy.

and private secretary and confiden- "Years of brooding thought and tial adviser to the President. A bitter trials have indelibly burned renewal of correspondence led to these convictions into my mind. If, the cementing of the old ties of then, my interpretation of the re- friendship. The following extracts lation between the finite and the from a recent letter throw a flood infinite differs from that of yours, of light upon Choy's experiences 1 ask for leniency and Christian during the period of silence. "The charity."

death of my wife and two sons Soon after the reception of this crushed all faith out of me, and letter an invitation came from the for years 1 have been a sceptic. It admiral for Mr. and Mrs. Loomis was my determination never to to visit him in Peking, every ex- write to you again if 1 had to say pense of travel and entertainment 'I deny God.' For years a blank- being provided. Accepting, Mr. and ness reigned in my dismal soul. Mrs. Loomis, on reaching Peking Only glimmering rays occasionally found their friend Choy Ting Kan lighted up its dark and chilly cham- in earnestness and singleness of bers. For years I kept a studied heart doing a great work as the silence. Your affectionate letters head of the Salt Gabele, or Bureau, were read and re-read. Often I and in helping guide the state took up my pen to write to you, but through the troubled waters of the the mental struggle always ended present crisis; and, best of all, with the resolution not to break they had the testimony from his your heart by confessing that 1 own lips that his faith in God was deny God. daily growing stronger.

P. MACKAY-A

SECRETARY BY REV. A. E. ARMSTRONG, D.D., Toronto, Canada Secretary Qf the United Ohu,rch oj Canada Board of Foreign Mi8sio"n~ I N 1892 Robert P. MacKay was a charter member of the Confer- appointed by the General As- ence of Foreign Mission Boards sembly of the Presbyterian Church in Canada as its first Sec- and only five now survive who atretary of Foreign Missions and for tended the first meeting in 1893thirty-four years he gave conse- Robert E. Speer, W. Henry Grant, crated leadership to the cause of Oliver R. Avison, John R. Mott and J. Campbell White. Dr. MacKay's first statement to that conference thirty~six years ago-"If we could get the ministers of our churches interested, the congregations will be"-was indicative of his efforts for the extension of the Master's Kingdom. He lived for the spread of the Gospel, and he saw clearly that if the minister has the mis- sionary passion, the people will fol- low his leadership.

Dr. MacKay evinced his keen in- terest in the cause of missionary ROBERT P. MACKAY education by helping in 1902 to or- ganize the Young People's Missionworld evangelization, retiring in ary Movement (now the Mission- 1926. His service was marked by ary Education Movement). at sound judgment, sympathetic un- Silver Bay, New York, and by prederstanding, even temperament siding for many years over one of and lofty principles. In his trans- the annual summer conferences of lation The United Church of Cana- that movement at Whitby, Ontario. da and the Foreign Missions Conference of North America have Two characteristics were very lost one of their most gifted, de- marked in Dr. MacKay'S life and voted and beloved leaders. He was work. (1) He was a man of prayer. Much of his reading-and he read many books on many subjects- consisted of volumes on prayer, mysticism and the devotional life. Next to his Bible, which he knew very intimately, he loved literatUre on communion with the Eternal, and on the cultivation of the spir- itual life. He actually lived "the life which flows from prayer and from which prayer flows."

(2) He was a good letter writer.

676

ROBERT P. MACKAY-A SAINTLY SECRETARY

Dr. MacKay never allowed his pen sonality of George Paxton Young, to be supplanted by the lazier meth- Professor of Philosophy in the od of dictation. That is to say, his University of Toronto, whose rocontinual use of his pen enabled bust character and brilliant teachhim, even in dictation, to incorpo- ing made an abiding impression rate into typed letters those human upon the young student. Dr. Macand personal touches which led Kay was a thorough student and many, including scores of foreign was for many years examiner in missionaries, to treasure his com- Church History in his beloved Alma munications because of their sym- Mater, Knox College, Toronto. In pathy, insight and cheer. 1900 he was honored with the de- gree of D.D. by Knox College of Dr. MacKay lived simply. He whose Senate he was a useful memindulged in no expensive tastes, ber for about thirty years. In 1911 and being alone for the last two he was enthusiastically elected decades of his life, he gave gener- Moderator of the General Assemously to worthy enterprises and to bly of the Presbyterian Church in needy people. He bequeathed one- Canada. Of his moderatorship, a quarter of his modest estate to the distinguished minister of the work of Foreign Missions. Visit- church said: "There never was a ing sick friends and those who better Moderator. Quick, alert, were passing through the shadows, never off his guard, nothing ever comforting the lonely and the be- missed him, and he held that large reaved, and sympathizing with the body in a grip that never relaxed unfortunate were so natural to him from the moment of his election that his presence in any company right to the close. Yet such was or home was regarded as a bene- his spirit of kindliness and considdiction. eration that no one could be bad tempered in a meeting over which He was always very human, and he presided, and he made it, in possessed the saving grace of hu- spite of its difficulties, one of the mor much beyond the ordinary. Assemblies most to be remembered His capacity for telling ~ good in the church's history." story, indulging in a witticism or a joke made him popular with a host Dr. MacKay was a warm friend of friends, and his company desired and adviser of the Student Volunon social occasions. teer Movement for Foreign Mis- sions, and was always ready to give The name "MacKay" was com- counsel to young people concerned mon in the Canadian Presbyterian about their life work. He was acministry; twelve of his clan from tive in the formation of the Canathe one congregation of Embro, in dian School of Missions, an the famous township of Zorra, Ox- interdenominational institution for ford County, Ontario, entering the the specialized training of Canaservice of the church during the dian missionaries and missionary ministry of the first pastor, Rev. candidates, and was continuously Donald MacKenzie, who, it may be a member of its Council. He was added, was the means under God also the esteemed President of the of leading some forty young men Toronto Bible College, an honored to devote their lives to the min- member of the Alliance of Reistry of Jesus Christ. formed Churches, and was notable Another potent influence in Dr. MacKay's life was the inspiring per-

in his work as convener of its Com- court his wife passed away leaving mittee on Foreign Missions. him with one child, a daughter whom he gladly gave to foreign Dr. MacKay was devoted to the mission service, as the wife of Rev. promotion of organic union of Andrew Thomson of China. Evangelical Churches, and labored for more than a score of years to Dr. MacKay left his home in Toachieve the consummation of the ronto on Saturday, the 25th of last union of the Congregational, Meth- May, intending to preach in the odist and Presbyterian Churches in new Chalmer's Church, Woodstock, Canada. He regarded it as one of Ontario; but he was taken ill that the happiest days of his life when, same evening, and, without sufferon June 10, 1925, on the platform ing, quietly slipped away during of the arena in Toronto with eight Sunday night-the Lord's Day, thousand people present, he joined which he always observed as truly with other distinguished ministers a holy day, in his old home town, and laymen in signing the "Basis ready to preach the Gospel which at Union," his name occupying first he loved to proclaim, with his only place among those who subscribed child home from missionary service their names on behalf of the Pres- in China at his bedside-what byterian Church in Canada. more fitting close could there be to such a saintly life? In 1906 and 1907 Dr. MacKay visited the Asiatic missions of his As one intimately associated church, and some fields of other with him in delightful secretarial churches, and nine years later he service for twenty years, the writvisited Trinidad and British Gui- er may be permitted a brief, perana. Both missionaries and pastors sonal tribute. Those relations were of local churches testified to the akin to that of father and son, for value of his visits, and to the spir- there developed a real affection and itual benefits derived from his mes- a confidence that remain a precious sages. memory. One could freely discuss with such a sympathetic soul as Dr. Dr. MacKay reached the ripe age MacKay matters affecting the perof eighty-two years, having served sonnel and the work of the various almost fifty-two years as an or- fields knowing that all would be redained minister. For fifteen years garded as confidential, and would he ministered to two congrega- inure to the best interests of those tions,-first that of Knox, Agin- concerned and to the work of court, Ontario, and second in Christ's Kingdom. Parkdale, Toronto. While at Agin- THE INESCAPABLE CHRIST C HRIST in life is inescapable. It was Henry George who said, "I love the people and was led to Christ as their best friend." It was Cardinal Manning who replied, "I loved Christ and was led to love the people for whom Christ died." It was a Hindu who said to me, "No one but Christ is seriously bidding for the heart of the world. There is no one else in the field." The modern man knows that he must be religious after the mind of Christ or not be religious at all. E. STANLEY JONES.

TURNING POINT IN

Some Effects of the Murder of Dr. John E. Williams of Nanking N o LESS a man than Dr. C. on the 24th of March the most unfortu- T. Wang, the Minister of nate incident took place-The so-called Foreign Affairs of the Na- "Nanking incident." My friend Dr. tionalist Government of China, has written to Mrs. Williams to ex- Williams, the vice-president of Nanking press his conviction that the mar- University, was the victim. tyrdom of her beloved and honored husband, the vice-president of Dr. Williams, of Anglo-Saxon ances- Nanking University, in March, try, came to China for the Kingdom of 1927, marked the turning point in the history of the Chinese revolution. Dr. Wang, who was a warm personal friend of Dr. Williams, has caused a monument of white marble to be erected in his memory with an inscription of six hundred Chinese characters which testify to Dr. Williams' character and love for China and the benefits of his twenty-eight years of service and his final great sacri- fice.

MEMORIAL STONE ERECTED TO JOHN E. WILLIAMS ERECTED BY DR. C. T. WANG, Minister oj Fm-dgn AjJaiJ"S for the Nat-iona,Zist Government 0/ China A T~an8lation of Charact e,'s Being the old capitol and stronghold God. I met him in Japan in 1906, where we were cooperating in the founding of most suitable as a political center, Nanking is considered a strategic city by a Chinese Young Men's Christian Asso- ciation for students from China. He militarists. was a real scholar; a man of high per- After the removal of the capitol to the sonalty; he was the best friend to the north in 1911, Nanking became the prey Chinese from the Western hemisphere. of militarists for more than ten years. Although Dr. Williams was only one Gen. Chiang Kai-Shek, with dual re- of the victims of the Nanking incident, sponsibility for the party, and tbe late we took his death as the most important tragedy. The death of Dr. Williams Shuan Li, led their followers from Can- really gave us unification because it ton in the Northern Expedition. caused an internal clearing and cleans- Within a few months, Hupeh, Kiangsi, ing in our forces; so that the Northern Fukien and Chekiang were conquered Expedition could be continued. one after another. His death is certainly as heavy upon The fall of Nanking to the armies of Chiang Kai-Shek, on the 24th of March, (1926), was considered the most important victory for the party because we could then view the control of the Nation within a few months.

Due to a disloyal act, and in order to bring about international complications, 679

us as Tai Shan Mountain. This is why provinces of China. The work he has we must never forget him. I.. w,ap.g accomplished will indeed remain with us. In order to perpetuate his memory, and Chen Ting, regret so much 1!lY mablllty particularly to convey to the future gento protect in time of great dIstress; for erations the important part he has the purpose of expressing my deep sor- played in China's struggle for freedom, row, I have created this memorial stone.

WANG CHEN TING, a stone tablet will be erected at his tomb MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS. with appropriate words in Chinese, JAN. 11, 1929. which I will have translated and printed The stone marks the grave in the peaceful little "God acre" in Nan- in English. CHENGTING. king where loving Chinese hands laid the body of their friend, to Mr. Chiang Su-Hsiang, Secre- tary of the Alumni Association at rest in the city he loved. Nanking, wrote to Mrs. Williams on January 9th, of this year, in be- half of the Alumni Association, as Dr. Wang wrote as follows to follows; Mrs. Williams in letters dated from The presence of Dr. Williams to the Shanghai, April 13, 1928, and from University was a gift to us from God. He has done a great work for the Uni- Nanking, December 10, 1928, and versity. Without him the University January 11, 1929; could never have attained its present My dear friend's death, tog~ther,,:vit.h status. His passing away is an irre- the others during the Nanking mCI- trievable loss to the University ….. .

dent," marked the turning point of s.av- Dr. Williams suffered like his Master. ing this nation from the red terrOI'lsm You have given us an example of how throughout the country. But f~r the Nanking "incident," the Kuommtang to live and how to stand the difficult life. The physical body of Dr. Williams is not would probably have gone on in its fixed with us but his unperishable spirit is plan of driving northward with the rear moving incessantly upon us and upon left wide open for the "reds" to occupy China and some day China will bring and ruin. The Nanking outrages were her whole family to adore Christ as our an eye-opener to the leaders of the party Saviour and our life. Shall we not feel to the great dangers of harboring ~he "reds" within the party. The drIve satisfied if each one of us can contribute northward had to be delayed in o~der that full attention and energy be gIven his own little part to the work of God?

to driving the internal foes out of the Dr. Williams gave his all for China. His life ought to be emulated by all of party first. In all probability, if the us. What we need today is not only an reds were not ousted at that time, an- unselfish life but a generous soul-a servother six months would have ena!>led ing spirit which may help to awake us them to grow so strong that they mIght from the slumber of moral paralysis.

have been able to annihilate the moderate Whenever we think of Dr. Williams, we members of the Kuomintang and create feel that his life is the life that should be lived by everyone of us. .The world a strong Red party in control of. the country. Imagine what havoc mIght will not be saved by those who live for have been wrought in the whole country! themselves alone. Dr. Williams gave his life always for others. He has given all So I say Jack's (Dr. Williams') death he could give. God will give him a was the means of saving hundreds of worthy place in His Kingdom.

thousands of other lives. "Perhaps the greatest and most CHENGTING (C. T. WANG). valuable result of all education is the ability to make yourself do the *** thing you have to do, when it has Perhaps it will be of some consolation to be done, whether you like it or to you to know that the extrem~ sacri~ce of your husband was the turnmg pomt of our Northern Expedition. It was that not. It is the first lesson that ought to be learned, and however unfortunate incident of March 24, 1927, early a man's training begins, it is that caused the Nationalist leaders to probably the last lesson that he purge the Kuomintang Party of the coIT?- munistic elements at all costs. By hIS life, Jack brought about the union w?rk learns." in missions as exemplified in the eXIst- These are the words of Thomas ence of the University of Nanking, a1!-d Huxley, a scholar and an able man who overcame tremendous odds. by his death he became instru1l!ental In effecting the union of the dIstracted

A FIVE YEAR CAMPAIGN IN

What China's Christian Council Is Doing T HIS year's meeting of the Na- worth in fostering and expressing fel- tional Christian Council of lowship and unity, in considering the China differed from preceding needs of the church on a nation-wide meetings in that members were basis, as a bureau of information, in elected by Chinese church bodies. promoting exchange between East and Three hundred and seventeen thousand West of outstanding Christian work- church members, or seventy-two per ers, in serving as a means whereby cent of the total Protestant Christian the Christian forces in China may ex- body thus sent delegates of their own press themselves unitedly on great choice. This meant a radical change moral issues and in representing the of basis from the China Continuation Christian forces in China in relation Committee which was a self-perpetuat- to the International Missionary Coun- ing body. This year, for the first cil and the National Christian Coun- time, it was a cross section of those cils of other countries.

who could speak with authority for The Annual Meeting was held at their various constituencies. Hangchow Christian College and was The new constitution, adopted pro- preceded by five regional retreat con- visionally in this meeting, provides ferences, held at Mukden, Peiping, for a biennial meeting of which the Canton, Hankow and Shanghai, and a membership will be composed of ap- special conference at Shanghai on proximately sixty-five per cent di- Christian Literature. Dr. John R.

rectly elected by church bodies and Mott and a number of the National proportionate to their membership. Christian Council Secretaries, and (There are now twenty-three church more than half of the delegates had bodies, including the Church of Christ been present at one or another of in China and others which bring to- these conferences.

gether a number of churches.) In ad- In North China the representatives dition, national organizations, such as of twenty-two church, association and the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A., the college groups centered their atten- China Christian Educational AS8ocia- tion on the Christian worker. A care- tion, the Council on Higher Educa- ful survey showed a great dearth of tion, the medical and philanthropic higher trained workers. In addition work, Christian Literature Societies, to this report there was given a de- the China Sunday School Union and tailed account of experiments in de- Bible Societies, have representation veloping lay leadership as carried on not to exceed twenty per cent of the in the London Missionary Society at total. The ExecutiTe Committee was Siaochang in connection with the ag- also empowered to coopt members up ricultural evangelism at Fenchow, of to fifteen per cent of the total mem- the training center for country work- bership, now about one hundred and ers in Tunghsien, mass education in twenty-five. Paotingfu, the laymen's training in- The constitution also provides for stitute in Lintsing and mass education an Administrative Committee of for women and girls as developed in thirty members which comes together the Methodist field of Changli.

twice a year and aims at a geographi- All the regional conferences passed cally wide representation and a small votes in favor of the Forward Evan- Executive Committee. gelistic Movement. Further study of The National Christian Council is this subject was undertaken by Com- organized to secure effective Chris- mission I during the National Chris- tian leadership and has proven its tian Council meeting under the leader- 681

ship of R. J. McMullen and P. J. Chow. to say: "We recommend that the Na- The Commission report defined the tional Christian Council make a study two-fold objective of this movement of successful experiments in enlisting as follows: and training voluntary workers, and 1. The cultivation among Christians urge the church to make every effort of a deeper knowledge of Christ, of a to reach and use lay leadership." more intimate fellowship with Him, and of a more courageous following of Him With regard to the need for misin all the relationships of life. sionaries, the Commission said: 2. The carrying out of a vigorous evan- The present time calls for urgent efgelistic program in the hope that within forts: Chinese Christians should increasthe next five years the number of Chris- ingly assume responsibility. Even where tians will at least be doubled. and when the Chinese Church has at- tained the self-directing stage of in- :'"'r. Mott said that large and dif- digenous life, there is still a great and ficult undertakings call forth "latent vital need for missionaries with religious energies and drive one back to God." experience, vocational training, devotion He had learned "to distrust any plan to service, who are moved with a desire to assist their Chinese coworkers, to push forward to fulfill the command of Jesus that is not impossible," and we must Christ. At that time separate mission therefore, "gird up the loins of our organizations on the field will no longer minds, lay a mine of prayer, and go be necessary, but missionaries will serve forward." The Council unanimously within the Chinese Church on equal terms expressed its hearty approval of the with Chinese Christians. campaign and then spent a period in prayer that its objectives might be The last command of Christ and the realized. Dr. Cheng Ching Yi is be- yearning call of the Macedonians will ing asked to give full time to this ring in our ears as in the past. The pro- gram of "China for Christ" needs to be campaign and all of the National pushed more vigorously than ever; work Christian Council Secretaries and is urgent and many workers are needed. Committees are asked to organize Missionaries with the sacrificial spirit are, therefore, urged to come to China and serve.

their work around it as a central ob- Commission III on Religious Educajective. Other workers are to be se- tion under the leadership of D. W. cured, literature prepared and trans- Lyon and C. S. Miao, urged the use of lated, and a Standing Committee to be educational and psychological methods organized which shall be its inspira- in evangelistic work and improvement tional center and correlating agency in Sunday-school methods. The Counfor the nation. It will sound a call to cil was asked to carry out the followprayer and make every effort to enlist ing in this regard: the whole-hearted cooperation of the churches. 1. To promote spiritual life in Chris- tian families and publish suitable ma- Commission II, under the leadership terial for this purpose. of Bishop Tsen and Bishop Birney, dealt with the problem of church 2. To promote associations for discusworkers and the need for a program sions of home problems and to publish suitable materials for their use.

3. To encourage theological seminaries which will appeal to the adventure and and Bible schools for men and women to patriotism of Chinese youth. Stu- emphasize religious education in the curdent associations and the Student riculum. Volunteer Movement are to be asked to cooperate with the churches in pre- 4. To seek help in personnel from orsenting the claims of Christian serv- ganizations affiliated with the National Christian Council in promoting religious education in the home.

ice to young men and women. The Commission IV, with E. W. Burt use of the daily church school was pro- and Dr. T. C. Bau as leaders, pre- posed as a means of bringing direct sented a report on the Relation of the Christian teaching to students in reg- "Younger and Older Churches." The istered schools. Regarding the volun- meeting passed votes for a financial tary workers, the Commission had this survey in China which had been asked

THE JAPANESE CHURCH AND MISSIONS

for by the Jerusalem Meeting of the cil. Dr. Mott helped the group to face International Missionary Council and the difficulties and sacrifices necessary a nation-wide survey of the present to make this movement a success but situation of the churches in China showed how there must be hdvance topreparatory to receiving a delegation ward organic union.

from the missionary Boards to work The extent of the work of the Naout a policy for future cooperation. tional Christian Council can be seen from the budget for the coming year, Commission V, on Literature, with amounting to nearly $100,000, and a Dr. C. L. Hsia, of Shanghai, and Prof. staff of ten secretaries, all employed T. C. Chao, of Yenching, as leaders, for full time. The closing devotional grappled seriously with the problems meeting brought the conference to deeply understand their motto, "0, of the production and distribution of Lord, revive thy Church, beginning Christian literature. It was voted to organize a Standing Committee to cor- from me." The one hundred and relate the efforts of existing organiza- thirty-eight delegates and secretaries return to forty-one cities in thirteen tions that will have a budget sufficient provinces to make actual the vision to enable it to meet the need for the and high resolves formed in the conpublication of Christian literature of ference. On each one's heart was the wide variety. five-year program of evangelistic ef- Meetings of the Church of Christ in fort. China were held at least four times between regular sessions of the Coun- THE JAPANESE CHURCH AND MISSIONS BY REV. ARTHUR D. BERRY, Tokyo, Japan ,Missionary of the Method'ist Episcopal OhurchJ 190'/t M OST of the Christian leadership in general to the J apa- churches in Japan are in- nese. The natural order seems to be missionary leadership, native lead- dependent of foreign con- ership, and then suitable leadertrol. The nationalization of the ship. churches was brought about with no harmful results, since it has Church union in Japan is a problong been an accepted principle lem which is left to the national that the churches should be J apa- churches. Bodies closely related nese. This question seems to have have united already and the Japano relation to the continuance of nese must decide whether there missionaries in the country. The Japanese have been given the lead- shall be more union. Boards and ership in a large part of the Chris- missionaries are not interfering. tian church and school work. We The churches are not in haste to have risen above the question of unite when it is in their power so Japanese leadership to a higher to do.. The Boards and missionstage. Our Japanese leaders are aries do not keep them apart, but impatient when it is suggested that have often taken the lead in church a man is not eligible to a position union. The settlement of these imbecause he is a foreigner. They portant questions, has not pushed say that it is not a matter of race on the great Christian task in but of fitness. We could never Japan to a rapid conclusion. The have reached this stage so com- secret of quickly winning all the pletely if we had not given the world to Christ is the great un- solved problem of the church today.

ENCOURAGEMENTSINJAPAN*

BY REV. PAUL S. VAN DYKE A NOTEWORTHY s t e p to- sale of Bibles to high school boys war d s independence and and girls at meetings held for them self-support has been taken when they are dismissed from by many native Churches in Japan, school in the afternoon. which have been receiving financial subsidies from the mission for The student, teacher and official a period of from ten to twenty class are the most approachable years, when these churches were class of people in the empire. This turned over to the presbytery and class of people generally live away a yearly decreasing scale of assist- from parental influence which is ance for them adopted. This plan often prejudicial to Christianity. brings the self-support of these In pursuing the line of least resistchurches definitely in sight and ance, which is the ordinary way of means the diversion of missionary working, most of the Christian conmoney and effort to more needy verts, especially in the cities, have and unoccupied fields. been drawn from these classes. In spite of the gradual industrializa- Another encouraging feature is tion of the cities the bulk of the that the feeling in general between population still consists of farmers the mission body and the native and small shop keepers, the most church is that of increasing good- conservative classes of the nation, will. A regional conference in- and these classes, particularly those cluding native evangelists, pastors who dwell in villages, are practiof independent churches and mis- cally untouched by the Gospel. sionaries was held recently at which evangelistic methods and The Holiness Church and the Saldoctrinal problems were discussed. vation Army, with their rigid in- sistence upon absolute separation Perhaps the most significant fea- from idolatry, a definite Christian ture of the whole situation in experience and their simplicity in Japan is that patient and persever- presentation of the gospel, have ing seed sowing leads to certain re- accomplished more among these sults. A missionary in Japan bap- classes than the larger and matetizes in one year from eight to rially better equipped missions. A twenty converts. comparison of the results of these In distributing and selling liter- and other small poorly-equipped ature from house to house out of missions convinces us of the supeforty places visited perhaps ten riority of their spiritual equipment will buy a gospel portion or five and backing. If Japan is to be cent tract and three or four will really evangelized these classes talk freely about the nature of must be reached through the de- Christianity. The number influ- velopment of lay Christians among enced to the extent of going to them. The most arresting factor church by this work is almost neg- in the missionary situation is the ligible. Some missionaries are same, yesterday, today and tomorhaving remarkable success in the row – a spiritual awakening on the part of both foreign and na- • Con4ep5e4 from The Presbyterian Survey. tive workers.

684

A NEW THING IN HOME

BY REV. WILLIAM R. KING, D.D., New York E:cecut1v6 Secretuy, Home Missions OouncH D ENOMINATIONAL compe- good deal of the church's effort tition is rapidly being out- today is expended in keeping the lawed. Christians have out- machinery running. It takes a con- lived sectarian rivalry. There is siderable part of the time of our in our hearts a revolt against it. preachers to oil the wheels. It con- We have discovered that it is not sumes much money in perpetuat- only poor religion, but it is bad ing our differences and our worn business. It belongs no longer out organizations. Weare paying among Christian churches. Coop- too high a price for competition.

eration and consolidation are now The famous cartoon "Keeping up the vogue in all lines of modern with the J oneses" has many les- life. The world is being forced sons for the church. There is en- to it. Competition is war and "War tirely too much of that sort of is hell." Religious competition thing between our denominational means destruction both for the families.

loser and the winner. Has not the time come for the Mr. Paul M. Mazur in his won- churches to get together in our derfully informing book, "Amer- common task of making America'

ican Prosperity," says, "We are Christian? Many of the best minds destined to witness a period of of the church think that it has.

tremendous industrial consolida- The mission boards especially tion. This demand is coming not think the time has come for a real from the producers or' sellers, but serious attempt to pull together from the consumers. They are and not separately. Both at home tired of the high cost of competi- and abroad there is a rapidly ris- tion. There are opposing forces, ing tide of sentiment for a closer certain laws and enactments, and alinement of denominational forces a great deal of human nature, but and resources in mission work. In consolidation is bound to win and fact this is the most pronounced men will realize that personal conviction of our missionaries.

power and liberty are safeguarded From every mission field of the by union, and jeopardized by in- world there come startling testi- dustrial anarchy." monies of the evils of denomina- As in industry, so in the church, tional rivalry, and pathetic appeals we have been guilty of over-produc- for Christian unity and coopera- tion. We have organized too many tion.

churches. We have created too In view of this need for a more much organization. We have set united Christian approach to the up too much machiner.y. To keep task of missions, the Home Mis- our mass production and to keep sions Council, with the cooperation the machinery running we are of the Council of Women for Home forced to speed up salesmanship Missions and the Federal Council by means of expensive advertising of the Churches of Christ in Am- and high pressure promotion. A erica, is now making a special 685

study of the home missionary en- which we are hearing so much in terprise, in what it calls the Five these recent years? If we can Year Program of Survey and Ad- bring our denominational bodies justment. together in organized cooperation, This is the first time in the his- we may find ourselves a long way tory of American Protestantism on the road toward church union.

when such a study of Home Mis- Second. The survey of the sions was ever attempted. Thirty- United States state by state, county seven national mission boards, by county, and community by com- representing twenty-eight denomi- munity. This is a simple, practical, nations in the United States and inexpensive fact-finding effort to Canada are cooperating in this discover the conditions of over- movement. The Program is pro- churching, inadequate churching, ceeding along four distinct lines. and over-looking. The survey is First. The organization of State now well under way in more than Councils-either state Councils of a dozen states. It has been finished Churches, Home Missions Councils, in New Hampshire. The results Interdenominational Comity Com- are very illuminating and confirm missions or Superintendents' Coun- the conclusions of the Cleveland cils. There are now more than Comity Conference.

three score state and local councils The towns, or townships were of various kinds. This is the first classified in three groups. Those . necessary step in bringing about that are inadequately churched, interdenominational cooperation. that is, having no church at all, or There must be some organization very poor and inadequate churches; through which the denominations those that are adequately churched, can function cooperatively. In the that is, having about the right num- states where we have had state fed- ber of churches for the community eration of churches for a number with resident pastors and reason- of years, the denominations are able budget and fair equipment; much closer together and the co- those that are over-churched, that operative programs are much fur- is, having more churches than the ther along. This is, to be sure, community can support, or than another organization, and our de- are needed to care for the spiritual sire is to reduce rather than in- interests of the community.

crease the number of organiza- In the 222 New Hampshire tions. But there is a difference. towns of less than 5,000 population These state councils are organiza- the survey discovered – Thirty- tions of organizations. They are three towns that are classified as for the purpose of coordinating de- inadequately churched. They are nominational organizations, bring- for the most part small towns and ing them into friendly cooperation, open country. The aggregate popu- and furnishing opportunities for lation is 9,753. In these thirty- the conference and fellowship so three towns there are twenty-six much needed among our churches. churches with a total membership How can we cooperate until we of 372, or an average per church know each other and become ac- of fourteen members. There are quainted with each other's pro- in these same churches fourteen grams? May they not also be Sunday-schools with a total enroll- pointing the way toward that ment of 197 scholars, or an aver- larger union of churches about. age per school of thirteen.

A NEW THING IN HOME MISSIONS

One hundred and sixteen towns one of our oldest states. But the are cluBsified as adequately saddest part of the situation is the churched, that is, having one church fact that more than half (50.9 %) to about 1,000 population with a of all the population of that state reasonable program and equip- is entirely unchurched-untouched ment and resident pastor. by any kind of church-Protestant, Eighty-three towns of the 222 Catholic or Jewish. What is still are classified as over-churched. more distressing is the fact that These towns have an aggregate New Hampshire is no exception.

population of 118,510, more than Surveys that are now in progress one-fourth of the entire popula- in Pennsylvania, Oklahoma, Colo- tion of the state. They contain 293 rado and other states show equally churches with a total membership disappointing figures.

of 21,463, or an average member- Third. Adjustments. The sur- ship of seventy-three. There is one veys are being followed in each church in these eighty-three towns state, county and community by a for every 403 people, more than systematic, deliberate attempt on twice as many churches as there the part of denominational bodies should be according to the com- and responsible executives to cor- monly accepted standard of Prot- rect the evils of competition, over- estant churches for every 1,000 lapping and inadequate churching.

population, the population being These adjustments can be made, homogeneous as to color and lan- where the local communities have guage. the cooperative spirit, by mergers, Here are some details from the federations, consolidations or mu- survey-twenty-six towns of less tual exchanges of fields. This is the than 1,000 population have each difficult part of the program. There three or more active churches, or are so many local situations to one Protestant church for every meet, denominational loyalties and 217 of the population. An aggre- traditions, community problems, gate population of 18,644 is served ecclesiastical machinery, and the by eighty-six Protestant churches. ever present ubiquitous human na- These churches have a total mem- ture. This is necessarily a slow bership of 3,284 or an average per process and will take years to work church of thirty-eight members. out, but progress is being made.

Seventeen towns, exclusive of the Comity is working in many places.

one-church towns, with a total Some entire states are boasting of population of 8,709 have fifty not a single violation of comity or churches, or an average of one overlapping or competition. Our church for every 161 of the popu- large cities are, through their city lation. The average membership of federations and comity committees, these fifty churches is twenty-six. making splendid headway in solv- These details could be continued ing these problems.

at great length. For example, one Fourth. The North American town of 1,537 people has five Home Mission Congress is to be churches; another of 1,173 people held in Washington, D. C., Novem- has six churches; another of 1,546 ber 30th to December 5, 1930.

people has six churches; another This is a part of the inclusive of 1,400 has seven churches. Five Year Program and is to be These are enough to show the the outstanding event of the entire seriousness of over-churching in undertaking. It is a part of the

educational side of the program. the best method of getting the There will be held in each state, cause before the Church so as to conferences both state and local, to secure a response in prayer, symreview the results of the surveys, pathy, life and money. and create sentiment favorable to the indicated needed adjustments. COMMISSION III is making an But in addition to these state and exhaustive study of Cooperation in regional conferences, the Washing- Home Missions. Dr. Kenyon L. ton Congress is needed for a more Butterfield, Ex-president of Michithorough-going study of the entire gan State College of Agriculture is Task of Home Missions as we face the chairman, and with him are it today. This is intended more for associated more than thirty men the leaders of Home Mission work; and women who are going into a those who are charged with policies very extended study of the whole and programs of administration question of cooperation in the and direction. Home Missionary Enterprise. They will bring to the Congress for dis. Three large commissions have cussion some very constructive and been at work for a year and will statesmanlike recommendations. continue their studies for nearly two more years, gathering data The purpose of the Congress is preparatory to the Congress. Their a serious attempt to reevaluate the reports will furnish the basis of the task of Home Missions and, in the deliberation of the Congress. light of present day conditions in the church and in the country, to COMMISSION I, of Which Rev. suggest better ways of doing the William Adams Brown, D.D. is work. The Congress is to be a chairman, is studying The Task deliberative body-not a mass and Administration of Home Mis- meeting. The representation will sions. This Commission of fifty be limited to about 500 members, carefully selected men and women who will be very carefully selected are rethinking the entire subject of by the participating denomina- Home Missions. In the light of sur- tions. The Congress will open on veys and special investigations Sunday afternoon, November 30th they are making, the Commission with an address by the President will redefine the task as it is today of the Congress and the business and will indicate the changes and sessions will continue from Monadjustments needed in the adminis- day morning, December 1st tration of the task. through Friday the 5th.

COMMISSION II is studying the This Five Year Program is a best methods, ways and means of new thing in Home Missions. It is Publicity and Promotion of Home our hope that this comprehensive Missions. With Rev. Charles study will result in a great for· Stelzle, the chairman, are asso- ward step on the part of Amerciated thirty men and women spe- ican Protestantism, along the line cialists in these lines. Their task of a cooperative approach to its is to bring to the Congress a care- common task of giving the Gospel ful survey of the scope and purpose in the most attractive and compel. of publicity and suggestions as to ling way to the unreached people of this country.

A CONTRAST IN CONDITIONS IN

BY GEORGE A. HUNTLEY, M.D., Shanghai, China Mis8ionary 0/ the America·n Baptist Po reign Mission kJocietYJ 1889 T HE earnest student of mis- Canton, though his being a mis- sions in China is tempted to sionary would have debarred him, feel discouraged as he con- but because he was the official intemplates the unaccomplished task. terpreter and translater of the There is "much land yet to be pos- East India Company, he was per- sessed," for many fields are not mitted to live in Canton for a few only unoccupied but unclaimed by months of each year. He and other any missionary society. Tribal lan- foreigners were permitted on guages are still unconquered and Chinese territory only from the not even reduced to writing. There arrival of the fleet of the East India are aboriginal tribes as yet unevan- Company to the time of its sailing gelized and millions of Moslems to again, the intervening months be- whom the Gospel has never been ing spent in Macao, which is Por- preached. Moreover missionaries tuguese territory. When Mr. and have recently been compelled to Mrs. Milne attempted to join Mor- leave their stations and the tide of rison as missionaries six years anti-Christian propaganda has later, they were not allowed to rethreatened to destroy the work. side either in Canton or Macao, but At such a time it is helpful to were compelled to settle in Malacca.

review the signs of progress dur- Today, in spite of internal revoing one hundred and twenty years lutions, China is open everywhere, of missionary endeavor. and missionaries reside in every province. All important centres of Robert Morrison once wrote a population and every strategic pobooklet entitled "The First Fifteen sition is occupied by representa- Years of the China Mission." He tives of Christ. felt an answer was necessary to the queries of critics and friends as to For many decades the province what Christian missions had ac- of Hunan boasted that no "foreign complished. It was necessary also devil" was allowed to reside within "to disarm the hostile cavils of its borders. Men like'Dorward, of some, to reanimate the desponding the China Inland Mission, Alexanhearts of others and to excite grati- der, of the Christian and Missiontude to God our Saviour for what ary Alliance and Griffith John of He has wrought." It is the present the London Missionary Society writer's humble hope and prayer used all kinds of strategy and darthat this brief review will serve a ing, and frequently were in peril similar purpose. of their lives, but the gates of Hunan remained tightly closed. The Great Field In the capital, Changsha, there In 1807 China was both legally Jived a man, Cheo-Han, who carand practically closed to the bearer ried on a nation-wide anti-foreign of Glad Tidings. Francis Xavier and anti-Christian campaign by labored in vain to enter China. means of large colored posters Morrison was allowed to live in which he printed from wooden 689 3

blocks. One of these posters repre- aration for this new and wonderful sented the missionary doctor kid- opportunity, was shot and killed by napping children and gouging out Chinese bandits.

their eyes and hearts to make China and its dependencies, medicine. Foreigners were depict- tightly closed to the Christian mis- ed as subjected to terrible tortures sionary and his message in 1807, by the citizens of the Celestial Em- have been open for many years, pire. Worst of all, this emissary and the recent Bolshevik propa- of Satan used a play upon words to ganda has proved to be only a tem- degrade the name of our Lord in porary setback.

the eyes of the Chinese. His car- The Church and the Missionaries toons pictured a "pig" a word similar in sound to that for Lord cru- The spirit of those who send out cified upon a cross, before which missionaries has undergone some foreigners prostrated themselves in remarkable changes during a cenworship, and into which Chinese tury and two decades. Although soldiers shot their arrows and Morrison did not meet the rebuff prodded their spears. that Carey met from the Church, In those' days the prayer most and while the London Missionary frequently upon the lips of inter- Society accepted Morrison readily, cessors for China was "God open there was much apathy and oppo- Hunan." Prayer prevailed. Cheo- sition in the home Church to For- Han was arrested and imprisoned eign Missions, and the income for by the Chinese Government as a the work was pitifully small.

menace to International Relations. Today some members of Amer- His wooden blocks were burned, his ican churches do not believe in printing presses were confiscated Foreign Missions but the Church and his house subsequently became generally is loyal to Christ's a repository of the American Bible marching orders: "Go . . . preach Society. Thus from the very place the Gospel to every creature."

from which issued for many years There are many missionary volun- a foul stream which poisoned the teers, though fewer than a decade minds of Chinese everywhere, there ago. Indeed, if a man doesn't be- issued a stream of life, carrying lieve in missions today it is com- with it God's blessing to countless mon to question whether he is millions. Hunan thus became fully really a Christian. "He that hath opened for missionary work. not the spirit of Christ is none of For decades prayer ascended for His."

"The Great Closed Land" of Tibet. Transportation to the field is Daring missionaries worked for also very different from what it years to penetrate this stronghold, was at the beginning of the nine- first from China, then from India, teenth century. Then the East In- only to meet with failure. The late dia Company refused to allow mis- Dr. A. L. Shelton, reaching Llassa, sionaries to sail, either to India or was able to render medical service China, on any British vessel, and to the Dalai Lama and received an Morrison was compelled to sail to invitation from this ruler to open New York in order to secure pas- a dispensary in the Capital. This sage to China.

intrepid brother, while on his way The journey to China occupied to the coa~ to make adequate prep- seven months and involved weeks

A CONTRAST IN CONDITIONS IN CHINA

of intense suffering and weariness. to count the cost and having come He records in his diary March 29, to a resolution, to act consistently."

1807 (Sunday) "I stood on the The heroic spirit has been abun- deck until I was completely dantly manifested before and after drenched, assisting in my poor way the Boxer and in the recent dis- to take in the last rag of sail, and turbances, when workers have re- pump the ship." The journey of quested to be sent back to stations Dr. and Mrs. Milne occupied ten where they have been mobbed and months frQm Portsmouth to insulted, and their lives threatened.

Macao. Children of missionaries also, upon These experiences sound strange receiving appointments for foreign to missionaries who travel today service, have requested to be sent on large palatial ocean liners, with to those same stations where their electric fans in stateroom, refriger- devoted parents were tortured or ation which provides fresh meat, massacred.

fruit and vegetables throughout Today though foreign consuls the whole voyage and wireless com- have requested missionaries to munication, providing the more evacuate their posts because of important items of world news danger, many elected to remain at daily, and by means of which help their own risk, so that they may can be summoned in case of dan- care for the work.

der. Travel by the Siberian route The missionary of today is also from London to Shanghai occu- well prepared spiritually, intellec- pies only fourteen and one half tually and physically as was Morri- days and travel by the new air son for his collossal task, and only service is expected to take passen- the very best are good enough for gers from London to Peking in China's New Day. Like Morrison, seven days. we are not narrowly sectarian but These more rapid modes of recognize only two divisions of our transportation not only bring the fellowmen, "those who fear God missionary speedily to his field of and those who do not." The big- service, but keep him in closer oted, narrow missionary has no contact with his home base. A place in China today but he must century ago it sometimes took two be prepared to deliver a positive full years to receive replies to and clear Gospel message.

letters. The Rev. E. Stanley Jones, Fortunately there is still the found his health failing, his work same pioneer missionary spirit and disappointing and himself utterly willingness to offer a life of sacri- discouraged as he tried to hold an fice. Morrison while preparing for extended line which took in every- Christian work wrote: "Jesus, I thing in his message from Genesis have given myself up to Thy serv- to Revelation and included western ice . . . where shall I serve Thee? civilization and the various dogmas . . . My desire is oh Lord, to en- and creeds of his branch of the gage where laborers are most Christian church. He shortened wanted, perhaps one part of the his line to two words "JESUS field is more difficult than another, CHRIST," with the remarkable re- I am equally unfit for any … but sults.

through Thy strengthening me, I One change in missionary per- can do all things, . . . enable me sonnel has been remarkable. In

1807 there were no women mis- their persons, intending to commit sionaries. When Morrison mar- suicide, if caught, rather than subried he had to leave his young wife mit to the tender mercies of the in Macao for six months at a time authorities. When Wells Williams, while he continued his work in an American missionary, joined Canton where neither "women nor Morrison in 1833, his teacher took arms" were allowed. unusual precautions, lest some un- friendly person should discover In 1830 conditions were almost what he was doing, and each time intolerable. As a new missionary he visited his pupil, he placed a wrote: "With the exception of a lady's shoe on the table and, if a prison it would probably be diffi- stranger entered, pretended he was cult to find a better preparation selling foreign shoes. for the enjoyment of verdant scenery, invigorating breezes, bod- Chinese books had to be purily recreation and female society chased for a foreigner by stealth, than a residence in Canton." and booksellers who sold them would be subjected to severe pun- The English Superintendent of ishment if discovered. Trade once defied the authorities and brought his wife on shore with Morrison constantly advocated him and then placed a cannon, the establishment of a Language which he brought from the vessel, School, where missionaries could at the door to prevent the Chinese be in residence to learn Chinese and attempting her expulsion. his wish has been abundantly ful- filled in these days, by schools in Morrison early recognized that many large centers, such as Nanif Chinese spiritual needs were to king, Soochow, Canton and Peking be met women workers must be (P'eping). Teachers are plentiful sent out. Today out of 7,500 and are no longer considered crimforeign workers in China nearly inals. 5,000 are women. The Barrier of Idolatry The Language Problem When Robert Morrison was ar- At the beginning of the nine- ranging for his passage to China, teenth century the Chinese lan- in the shipping office in New York guage was considered well nigh City, the shipowner turned about unconquerable. As one of the early and with a grin said: "And so Mr. translators said: "It is the work Morrison, you really expect that for men with bodies of brass, lungs you will make an impression on the of steel, heads of oak, eyes of idolatry of the great Chinese Emeagles, memories of angels, pa- pire." "No sir," said Morrison, tience of Job, hearts of Apostles "but I expect God will." and lives of Methuselah." This man of large faith and Chinese were prohibited from vision, as he finished his translateaching the language to a for- tion of the Scriptures, said: "I eigner under penalty of death. trust that the gloomy darkness of Morrison was obliged to pay his pagan scepticism will be dispelled teachers large sums as the finan- by the Dayspring from on High, cial argument was most convinc- and that the guilded idols of ing. But his teachers lived in Buddha, and the numberless imconstant fear of arrest and torture. ages which fill the land, will some They always carried poison on

A CONTRAST IN CONDITIONS IN CHINA

day assuredly fall to the ground, had the joy of baptizing. When before the face of God's Word, as Morrison passed to his reward in the idol Dagon fell before the ark." 1834, after twenty-seven years of Today hundreds of thousands of service, Protestant Christians in Chinese have "turned to God from China could be counted on the idols," and the priests of Buddha, fingers of his hands.

who in Morrison's day, felt abso- Tsae A-ko was "the grain of lutely sure of their ground and mustard seed" which was to "be- looked with the utmost disdain come a tree." The six converts of upon the Christian missionary, find 1842 have grown to a half million it necessary today to bolster up Protestant Chinese church mem- their crumbling superstitions, by bers with a Christian community imitating the missionaries' meth- of a million or more. These include ods. They have established Young many influential people. The China Men's Buddhist Associations and Weekly Review took a nation-wide are even teaching children to sing straw vote upon the twelve most to a familiar tune: "Buddha loves popular men in China with the re- me, this I know." sult that four of them proved to be When in 1905 the Empress outstanding Christian men while Dowager, with a stroke of the pen, five of the others were known to be consigned to the scrap heap an sympathetic to Christianity.

educational system that had lasted Today, taking China as a whole, nearly two thousand years, many about one in every thousand is a temples were emptied of their idols Christian church member and and converted into schools. Many among the Chinese leaders who en- of the idols were thrown out and joy the confidence and esteem of allowed to disintegrate. The great the people, one in every three is a temple bell, which the priest used follower of the Lord Jesus Christ.

to ring to tell the god that a wor- The Christian Mission Schools have shipper knelt at the altar, is rung provided twenty-five per cent of today by the school master to sum- the constructive leadership in mon the boys and the girls to China.

school. Chinese Christian Workers The day is dawning when the prophesy shall be fulfilled in China, In 1807 there was not one Prot- "The idols shall be utterly abol- estant native worker in all China.

ished," for enlightened Chinese It was not until Morrison had will not continue to bow before toiled ten years that he was privi- senseless blocks of wood and stone. leged to ordain the first Chinese The great question is: Will agnos- preacher Liang A-fa. He suffered ticism and atheism or the Gospel much bitter persecution, and be- of Christ take the place of these cause he prepared and printed a ancient superstitions? tract, he was cast into prison and The Growth of Christianity beaten with a bamboo until his flesh was raw.

In 1807 there was not one Prot- Today there are tens of thou- estant convert in all China. The sands of Chinese Christian men first man to embrace the Christian serving as preachers and pastors, faith was Tsae A-ko, whom Mor- evangelists and colporters, physi- rison, after seven years of service, cians and hospital technicians, sem-

inary professors and school teach- The Chinese Christians are iners. Also a great band of Christian terpreting Christ in a way that women are doctors and nurses, might be expected may send back teachers and Bible women, social to the West the vital religion which service and Y. W. C. A. workers. we seem to be in danger of losing.

About twenty-five years ago a The Scriptures in China Methodist missionary at Kuling, preached a sermon on "The Chi- A century ago translation was in nese Worker" in which the Chinese its infancy in China and was prachelper was compared to a bruised tically limited to the rendering of reed with whom the missionary the Buddhist Books into Chinese. must be indulgent and patient. The preacher said "There is one thing One of the greatest difficulties you cannot do to a bruised reed, encountered by the early transyou cannot lean upon it," and ex- lators was to secure a sympathetic pressed his regret that so far we teacher. No Chinese scholar was have failed to produce native work- connected with the Christian ers who are capable of taking church. The teacher was heathen and was apt to fail to understand responsibility. the real sense of the sacred page, Today the term "native helper" for these things are "spiritually discerned." is almost obsolete for these men are becoming self-reliant pastors and For sixteen years Morrison trusted leaders in an independent toiled before he issued his first translation of the Bible in the church. Chinese language, in twenty-one In 1890 only one Chinese dele- volumes.

gate attended the missionary con- Today, we have a complete Bible ference in Shanghai, all the others in Chinese in one volume, and a being foreigners. In the next con- great band of Christian Chinese ference held in 1907, there was a translate and write Christian books large sprinkling of Chinese dele- and live out the truth in their own gates, while in the conference of lives. Then there was only one ver- 1922, more than one half of the sion, now the Book is translated twelve hundred delegates were into thirty-nine different dialects.

Chinese. In 1812 an edict was issued by The chairman of this conference the Chinese Government, making it a capital crime to print books upon was the Rev. ChengChing-Yi, D.D., the Christian religion in Chinese. and much of the most valuable The printers who printed this work undertaken by various com- early translation ran terrible risks mittees was done by Chinese, nota- and adopted various methods to bly "the message of the Church to avoid detection. The Chinese of- China," whose chairman was the ficials one day raided the printing Rev. Timothy Lew. One sentence office and confiscated all the wooden has become a slogan and deserves printing blocks they could find. to be broadcast in letters of gold: The rest that were hidden away "SHE SHALL TEACH HER in a corner for safety, were de- MEMBERS TO AGREE TO DIF- voured by white ants. The printer FER BUT RESOLVE TO LOVE." moved his establishment to Macao Another Chinese preacher appro- but the Portuguese authorities priately added "AND UNITE TO SERVE."

A CONTRAST IN CONDITIONS IN CHINA

closed his press because he pub- In 1916, a young Chinese named lished "certain works contrary to Hu-Suh, received the degree of the doctrines of the Roman Cath- Ph.D. at Columbia University. Re- olic church." turning to China and taking a Today the largest press in China position on the FacuIty of the is conducted by Chinese Christians. Government University of Pe- The metal type used is proof king, he set to work to revolu- against white ants and no printer tionize the literature of China.

would fear to print anything the His war cry was "No dead lan- missionary might bring to him. guage can produce a living litera- The Presbyterian Press, the Na- ture" and his constructive policy tional Society Press, the Religious may be summed up in this motto: Tract Society Press and the Amer- "Produce literature in the National ican Baptist Publication Society language and you will have a Na- print scriptures, tracts and va- tional language of literary worth."

rious Christian books by the tens His daring program met with of millions. the severest opposition from the The edition of the first Bible conservatives, who said, that it was consisted of only one thousand impossible to express the subtili- copies and 'was disposed of mainly ties of Chinese philosophy in the along the coast and in Malacca. On vulgar tongue. Dr. Hu-Suh wrote March 24,1822, Morrison wrote to the "History of Chinese Philos- the American Bible Society: "The ophy" in the people's language; free dissemination of the Bible in scholars admitted their defeat and China is as yet impracticable which the victory was won. Books and is also the case with all books which newspapers now are published in exhibit the claims of Jesus and the people's language almost ex- treat of His salvation." In the clusively, and the wisdom of Mor- year 1925 eight million copies of rison and the missionaries who the scriptures and scripture por- have succeeded him is generally tions were distributed in China and recognized. The new phonetic in the year 1926 the number script has also been introduced and reached eleven million copies. enables illiterate Chinese to learn The Literary Revolution to read in a few weeks.

In the middle ages books in Other Important Changes Europe were all published in Latin, In 1807 there were no Christian so in China, every respectable book chapels, churches, colleges nor was written in the classical wen-li, schools in China. There were no rather than in a language of the dispensaries, hospitals nor asy- common people. lums in China even when Morrison This classical Chinese took died in 1834.

twenty years to acquire and was Today these institutions can be only understood by a privileged numbered by the tens of thousands, few. Morrison decided to translate while more than a million pupils the scriptures into the language are studying in schools established that the people understood, and by Christians.

had the courage to sacrifice what In those early days foreigners the literati caned "elegance" for were not allowed to ride in a sedan the sake of "intelligibility." chair or to take a boat for a pleas-

ure trip upon the river. Such travel the most, but in the sense that de luxe was reserved for the sub- gives most and serves best." jects of the Son of Heaven and was not to be desecrated by barbarians These Christian principles, handfrom "tributary nations." ed down to us from our forebears will succeed also in China, for the An S. O. S. Call great changes that have already come in that land are due largely, As the nineteenth century if not mainly, to the influence of dawned, China was fast asleep and the Christian message. had been so for hundreds of years. "There was no thirst for any lore During thirty-five years that I outside of the lore of Cathay. The have spent in and for China, I have western man and western teaching seen institution after institution were held in supreme contempt." fall into decay, but the Gospel has steadily prospered. It has proved Now this mighty land is wide to be "the power of God." awake, stretching out her hands in earnest appeal for the knowledge China has passed through many which has made western nations changes and has discarded many strong. institutions. The Manchu Dynasty is gone; the Monarchial system of If America and Great Britain Government is a thing of the past; enjoy any real greatness today, ancestral worship, which has prethey owe it not to inventive genius, vented progress in China for so to industrial plants, to railroads, many centuries has been razed to nor to wealth, but they owe their the ground; the ancient system of position and power to the Christian education, lasting nearly two thouprinciples, which our forefathers sand years, has disappeared. But taught them. The Cross it standeth fast, Hallelujah! A Chinese student when visiting Defying every blast, Hallelujah! an American State Legislature was The wind of scorn hath blown, asked to open the session with The world its hate hath shown, prayer. This is his petition: Yet i.t i.s not overthrown, HOh God, Father of all nations, Hallelujah for the Cross! Thou hast chosen America as the land in which to experiment with One hundred and twenty-two political democracy for the ex- years ago no enterprize on earth ample of other people in other could have seemed more hopeless lands. Help these lawmakers to than the physical and spiritual make America the finest land in transformation of China. The task the world to live in, the finest, not is not complete and for a long time because of comfort or luxury, but Christian mlsslOnaries will be because it is the place where men needed to give our best to China: can do and serve most. Help them "More workers and better work, to make America the greatest na- more Chapels and better preaching, tion in the world, not in the sense more Hospitals and better doctorthat other nations may fear her ing, more Schools and better teachmost because of her power, but in ing, more Books and better writthe sense that she be loved most ing, more of Spirit of the living because of her great heart; not in Christ, and better Christian living the sense that she has most or gets and more generous Christian giv- ing."

AND ITS FUTURE *

BY REV. E. STANLEY JONES, D.D., Sitapur, India I N SOUTH INDIA there is a danger of Christian missions in In- series of temples enclosed by a dia is syncretism-the mingling of great wall. At one end is a differing religious systems. That temple dedicated to the worship is what the Brahmo Somaj stands or the cobra; at the other end for-they want us to agree that stands a temple dedicated to the Christ is a way and not the Way.

worship of Ramanuja-the highest That is the field on which the battle and purest form of Monotheism in of the immediate future will be Hindu theology. Between these fought. Today they have in India extremes are graduations from a reverence for Christ. We must cobra worship up to this high ideal. now go deeper and teach them the The wall surrounding all these realization of Christ. Admiration temples is Hinduism. It encloses must deepen to adoration.

everything from cobra worship to I would like to see the Mission- the cult of Ramanuja. It is possi- ary Societies of America and Eng- ble for the foreign observer to fas- land send to India a type of mind ten on the cobra worship and say, that is capable of being modified "This is India." On the other hand, on the field. In Moffat's transla- it is possible to fasten on the tem- tion of the Epistles, St. Paul writes pIe at the other end of the enclosure to his converts, "Don't be called and claim that it represents India. fathers. Don't be called teachers Neither gives a true picture of Hin- -I know, and you don't. Don't duism; you must include the whole be called leaders-I lead, and you collection within the walls in your follow; but set out to be called presentation. servants. That is the only attitude The most difficult task of Chris- I can trust you with. The other tian missions in India is yet to attitudes work out in a non-Chris- come. What we have done so far tian way." If you train up young has gone with the stream of India. people to be leaders and half-a-doz- It is the genius of Hinduism to add. en come together, you get a series It has always been willing to take of clashes. It is only through serv- in. Where it has lacked has been ice that we gain leadership. You in the power of eliminating. To cannot train people to be leaders.

add one more deity would not be You can only train people to be a big strain on the soul of India. servants. Leadership is a by-prod- Christ might be added very easily, uct; and renunciation is the path provided you leave it at that. But by which alone true leadership can when you insist that Christ is not be reached. If men come out to only a way but the Way, that goes India self-renounced, ready to lose against the grain in India; that is themselves so as to find themselves, where you come to the crux of the they will become leaders. The day matter-the Cross. The battle is of the master in the East is gone, now being waged. The greatest the day of the servant is just dawn- Rc:::J~rA:~~~r o~:!r~:ti~~~t~/nD;~jO!::h:i~i:~ ing.

~it~n t~~tf~",},~~S w'::li~o~"a~e;aln jL~~':i~I~~tS had India's contribution to the con- ception of Christ is, perhaps, best 697

illustrated by pointing to two char- years ago. St. Paul's groups were acters. The first is Naraya Tilak, ready for self-government immedithe Marathi poet. He is a truly In- ately. But we, in India, did not dian soul, practically untainted by start that way. We built up a vast system which must be overturned Westernism or by the Western when self-government com e s . wrappings of Christianity. But he Large sec t ion s of the Indian is passionately Christian, and his Church are self-governing already. spirit has burst out in poetry. In In the Methodist Episcopal misthat poetry is a mysticism and pas- sions there are two ways in which sionate devotion to Christ that is self-government is being granted. extraordinarily impressive. A Hin- One section turns over completely du said to me one day, "I want to from a mission to a church. In see a man mad with Christ." Tilak the second case, where the church has been caught up in that flame; exists already, the foreigners are yet within it was that quiet poise replaced with Indians. At present which showed in contemplation the Indian Church is taking as round three words–<ievotion, con- much self-government as it wants. templation, simplicity. And a I think the greatest lack in modfourth might be added-the rein- ern Christianity is in our failure terpretation of the Cross until the to experience Pentecost. We are whole self-life is crucified on it; between Easter and .t'entecost. We the idea that we are lost and He have a wistful Christianity that is lives. I think that is the type of wanting something; but it is not contribution India will make to the abundant, assured, conquering. I common stock of Christianity. would be willing to die if I could make that contribution-the redis- I think that probably if we had covery of the radiance that emastarted somewhat differently in In- nated from Pentecost. dia, the Indian Church would have been ready for self-government TESTIMONIES TO MISSIONS IN INDIA T HE Right Honourable Srinivasa Sastri, P.C., who has been Agent- General for India in South Africa, and is not himself a Christian, in a lecture on Christianity in Capetown, said: "It would take too long to recite the vast services that Christian missionaries have rendered in my country. Hundreds and thousands of my countrymen have been educated in Christian colleges and schools; hundreds and thousands of them have found relief in Christian hospitals; hundreds and thousands have been given help in time of distress through fire or flood. The Missions are more to us in these respects than the secular institutions for which the British are responsible."

Lord Lytton, who was born in India, and has been Permanent Under-Secretary of State for India, Governor of Bengal, as well as Viceroy, speaking at a men's luncheon in London, said: "Compared with State institutions, the mission schools and hospitals have an atmosphere about them which is evidence that they are a work of love. You feel that there is the personal touch there, and you can read in the eyes of patients in hospitals that they are being ministered to and not merely housed."

JAMES L. BARTON AND THE N. E. R. *

BY DOROTHY P. CUSHING I F Dr. James L. Barton ever dollars, has been no small part of writes a book on "Famous Peo- this stupendous endeavor. ple I Have Met," and he might Dr. Barton is responsible for the well add, "And Conquered," it will statement that "over $88,000,000 be a best seller of first magnitude. in cash has been received at the From General Allenby to Herbert national office in New York, re- Hoover, up or down, according to ceipted for and appropriated. In your nationality; from Ambassa- addition to this the United States dor to railway conductor or the Government gave $12,800,000 in chauffeurs of a fleet of sea-going food supplies, while American rail- Ford trucks, he meets them in a roads, the United States Govern- gracious, courtly manner, but with ment, and other Governments of a very human twinkle in his keen countries in which the Near East blue eyes which indicates a warm Relief has operated have contrib- and understanding nature and uted more than $5,000,000 in sup- draws out their confidence and al- plies and free service."

legiance to the cause he is serving. "Off the train at Tiflis utter the No, it makes no difference to Dr. words 'Amerikanski Comitet' to Barton whether he tackles a Gov- the taxi driver and he will know ernor-General or the captain of a where to go," says the New York tugboat; he approaches each as a Sun. On the train to Erivan, whis- Christian gentleman and demon- per this phrase to the train constrates that his causes are worthy, ductor and immediately his efficiand that he has the business saga- ency becomes manifestly active. city and generalship to see them Say it in Leninakan and the whole through efficiently. He always goes town smiles. For Amerikanski after a GOOD thing-and gets Comitet means "Near East Relief." The same holds true in Persia, Turwhat he goes after. key, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, For thirteen years, through the Greece and Bulgaria. hectic war days in Turkey and Greece and after, Dr. James L. "Through the operations of the Barton as Chairman of the Near East Relief has guided it with a Near East Relief for the last thirsteady hand along an unswerving teen years," declares Dr. Barton, path of Christian aid to the suffer- "America has assumed the moral ing, until its work is known as the mandate of the Near East. The greatest private relief effort in his- work of this mandate, back of tory. Making a million dollar ap- which there has been no trace of propriation one hundred five times, ulterior motives or taint of political or, to be more explicit, collecting complications, has saved about two and overseeing the expenditure of million human lives. In Armenia money and resources amounting to alone the Soviet officials set 1,000,- 000 lives as the total. To this must about one hundred and five million be added what was done in Persia, in Turkey during the deportations, • From The Mi88iona1"1l Herald. in Syria and regions to which the 699

deportees were sent, in Smyrna, On September 17, 1915, Dr. Bar- during the burning of that city, and ton informed the Secretary of in Greece during the evacuation of State, Robert Lansing, that this more than a million Armenian and conference had decided to take def- Greek refugees." inite and immediate steps toward As Chairman of the Near East securing funds for relief work. He Relief, Dr. Barton has had full op- also stated that Charles R. Crane portunity to exercise that genius and James L. Barton had been sefor organization and direction that lected to come to Washington and has made him famous as a Chris- secure from the files of the State tian diplomat. Picking up a col- Department, if possible, all doculege president here and an aviator ments from Ambassador Morgenthere, commuting to Washington thau bearing on the condition of for conferences with the digni- the people in the stricken areas. taries of the nation on weighty The State Department turned problems of international signifi- over to Dr. Barton all the papers cance-it was evident from the giving information, as well as a start that James L. Barton was the private room and the services of a clerk. All day and far into the "man of the hour." night he worked. He wrote up his In August, 1915, when the im- material, sent it to the headquarpossible happened, the seething cal- ters of the infant Near East Relief dron of war and disaster in the for release to the press of the coun- Near East boiled over. Dr. Barton try and thus fired the first shot of wrote Cleveland H. Dodge, sending a publicity program that brought a similar letter to the representa- many millions of dollars. tives of the Presbyterian Board, Constantinople College, the Syrian The Armenian Relief Committee Protestant University, and Konia in 1919 was incorporated by a spe- Hospital: cial act of Congress as the Near East Relief. "General" Barton The German Ambassador told Mr. then went himself into the field to Morgenthau …… that in case of hos- map out a plan of campaign. He tilities between Germany and the United States every American institution in set sail for the Near East at the Turkey would be at once seized …… If head of three relief units, taking all missionaries and teachers and heads of institutions are withdrawn the Chris- with him fifteen complete hospital tian population will be left wholly at the mercy of the powers that be. outfits, and everything in the way of equipment from a toothbrush to The letter closed with the sug- a truck. gestion that a meeting be held to In London he held conference consider this problem on Thursday, after conference with officials rethe 26th of August, in New York garding warehouses, docks, trans~ City. Following this, on September portation, and military orders. 10th, another informal conference Viscount Bryce came from his was convened with Dr. Barton as country home to confer with Dr. Chairman. On September 14th, Barton and his party. Difficulty in however, Dr. Barton wired Mr. gaining admittance to one English Dodge: hotel was quickly adjusted when a , Am convinced early and comprehen- young British ordnance officer sive conference should be convened your office for consideration Armenian matter. earnestly remonstrated with the You are nominated convener …..• manager: "You little know what

DR. JAMES L. BARTON AND THE N. E. R

this party is. To ignore it might and when Dr. Barton returned to mean international complications!" Aleppo he carried with him a prec- In France he met more dignitaries ious military "flimsy" which read: and held more conferences. In Italy Allow Barton and his party to go he broadcasted information of the where they please. Give them no escort purpose of the movement. And and allow them to take none.

then-to the front! The American The French were eager to give Minister had been ejected from the Americans a guard and a hun- Turkey. Dr. Barton and his party dred men were ready to go into the were without military escort. interior of Turkey as an escort, but When they reached Aleppo they when the Near East Relief train were stopped by British troops un- finally steamed out of Aleppo it der orders from General AlIenby. went without guard.

Then came another series of color- Ten or twelve miles out into "No ful incidents in Dr. Barton's con- Man's Land" the train stopped sud- tact with the military. denly. They saw a group of twelve "Do you object to my going over or so of ferocious looking brigands, your head in an attempt to get Gen- armed to the teeth with guns and eral Allenby to rescind his orders?" knives, and belted with cartridges 1 asked Dr. Barton of the General in Dr. Barton approached the dele- Aleppo. gation.

"No!" was the prompt reply. Did they threaten? Shoot? No!

Dr. Barton slipped over to Cairo They bent low in long gestures of and tackled the great British com- oriental greetings. They had been mander. ordered, they said, by the Governor "I represent America-we are ot Mardin to do. everything in their not at war with this country. We power to help the party. "The Gov- are a philanthropic organization ernor will meet you in person at here to serve all who need us. I the end of the line, and you are to know the language. I have worked be his guests." All the way across in this land," he argued. the country similar parties met and "The country is full of hostile "captured" Dr. Barton. Bouquets, Arabs, Kurds, and Turks," replied gifts of food, houses, furnishings, the commander firmly. "They will and even cooks were offered the capture you as they have captured Americans. Kurds, Arabs and British officers. Then we will have Turks joined in a series of trium- to send men in to rescue you." phal welcomes.

After further discussion General To some who may have looked Allenby agreed to give his permis- upon the Near East Relief as an sion if General Clayton could be emergency move, a hectic period of won over. So Dr. Barton set out heroic measures when blood flowed, for more generals to conquer, and emaciated women and children took up the cudgels for the right dropped by the roadside, and to risk his own life and the lives of corpses lay in mounds in field and his associates, along highways, the sequel of the "We go on a peace mission," he Near East Relief is worthy of men- repeated. "We are unarmed. I do tion.

not believe that we will be cap- "The Near East Relief came .in- tured." to being," Dr. Barton reminds us, After hours the General yielded, "to meet an emergency caused by

the war. When the war was over Committee does not intend to make it found in its orphanages extend- more general appeals it is depend- ing from Turkey to Persia more ent on the generosity of the public than 100,00(J children without to stand by until it can fulfill its known relatives, and in refugee obligations to the last of its wards.

camps found 10,000 more. Most The organization which now of these were far too young to be aims to "see every child through"

cast out into a friendless world, in is called the Near East Institute.

countries and under conditions This committee has been formed which made their physical and mor- from the larger body in order to al survival humanly impossible. see these young and untrained chil- The Committee was convinced that dren safely placed, and in order to it had a moral olJligation to see take charge of the Near East In- these wards through and so placed dustries through which thousands in the community that they would of "ex-orphans" and widows make have a fair chance to survive. their living, and to help develop the Skilled social workers place these agricultural enterprises which have children in safe homes and in posi- sprung from the work.

tions where they can make good, Dr. Barton epitomizes the his- and for a year at least follow them tory of the Near East Relief in the up, for the Near East Relief con- words, "The emergency was unsiders itself in loco parentis to avoidable, the acceptance was every child. Wards cannot marry Christlike, the outcome divine."· until the committee has passed on the wives or husbands-to-be. • A survey volume called liThe Near East There are yet, after the Near and American Philanthro-py" has come from the Columbia University Press; 308 page.; East Relief has dissolved, several $3.50. The report recommends drastic changes thousand of these unrooted chil- in the emphasis of American philanthropy and dren, some of whom are under ten a new policy which involves the elosest cooperaor twelve years of age. While the tion with native governments. The stndy eon- tains reliable data of p.resent economic and social conditions in Armenia, Albania, Bul- garia, Greece, Turkey. Iraq, Palestine and Syria.

RECLAIMING THE BOYS OF CRIMINAL TRIBES IN INDIA MR. FREDERICK WEBER, an American Y. M. C. A. secretary at Lahore, recently visited a Government Criminal Tribe Settlement of several thousand people adjacent to which is a Government Industrial Boarding School for Criminal Tribe boys. These boys are taught in their earliest years to rob and steal and are praised by their parents for clever acts of robbing or thieving. In spite of the strong psychological effects produced on the youthful imagination by such treatment, the government is making valiant efforts to reclaim the younger generation of these people. Seventy-five boys who have been taken from their parents in order to remove them from this atmosphere of crime are being taught carpentry, weaving and tailoring so that they may be able later on to earn a respectable living.

The Lahore Y. M. C. A. is cooperating to help these boys. It is conducting a social and physical activities program for them, including ball games, boxing contests, and hockey. When the secretaries left, after a two-hour program, one of the boys asked, in the vernacular: "Won't you please stay here and live with us 1"

Missionary Conference of Africa where there is a great

Miss Wrong carnes from the Student THE Eighteenth Annual Conference Christian Movement of which she has of Missionary Societies in Great been one of the Missionary Secretaries Britain and Ireland was held at The and has traveled widely in Africa. The Hayes, Swanwick, from June 12th to conference also gave its approval to 15th. The two chairmen were the Rev. the suggestion that a commission W. J. Noble of the Wesleyan Method- should be appointed to enquire into the ist Missionary Society, and Canon Spanton of the Universities' Mission colleges of India. to Central Africa. About 140 members There was throughout the meetings were present, but there were no native representatives of the younger a sense of the seriousness of the preschurches in China, India and Africa. ent world situation, and there was a deep sense of the need of greater re- At the first session, the Rev. William sources in Christ than any the church Paton, one of the secretaries of the has yet claimed or experienced.

International Missionary Council, World Alliance of Reformed spoke of "The Menace of Secularism in the Near East," and pictured the Churches changes which are taking place in the The Council of the World Alliance World of Islam through the break-up of Reformed Churches met at Boston, of the old Islamic civilization. There from June 19th to 27th: the meeting is on every side a tendency for the was presided over by Dr. Charles Merle Moslem peoples to break away from d'Aubigne, of Paris. Among the subthe past, but there is little evidence of jects dealt with were the following: any wide acceptance of Christ. The The Jerusalem Council Message, the same is true all over the world in a Church and the Modern World, Womgreater or less degree. Old sanctions en's Work in the Alliance, the Record are being destroyed and the Christian of Alliance in the Religious World, people are not ready with their claim Religion in Colleges and Universities, to take the vacant place. Old syntheses Exchange of Students, Presbyterian are breaking, and ancient satisfactions Standard for the Education of the Minare not being replaced by the satisfac- isters, the Strength and Weakness of tion that comes from Christ. Turkey the Youth Movement, the Christian is seeking to order its life by adopting Home in Modern Social and Industrial a Swiss civil code, a German commer- Life, Problems of Church Union in the cial code, and an Italian criminal code, Foreign Field, the Reformed Churches but there is no evidence of any realiza- and the Lausanne Message, Essentials tion of the needs that can be supplied of the Reformed Faith and System to only by Christ. be Conserved in Proposed Church Unions, International Peace. The appointment of Miss Margaret Wrong as Secretary of the Christian Literature Bureau for Africa marked Movements 'Toward Church an important step in the united work Union of the missionary societies in America, Britain and on the Continent. This Nearly 1,100 "Pilgrims" from the Bureau will seek to provide Christian Free Churches of England, Scotland literature in the languages and dialects and Wales recently visited Canada to 703

study the functioning of the church Towards a National Church union. The group consisted, approximately, of 500 Congregationalists, 260 In South Africa at the closing ses- Methodists, 200 Presbyterians, 50 Bap- sion of the upper house of the African tists and 45 others. National Congress, held at Bloemfon- tein, the delegates devoted their atten- The Rev. A. G. Sleep declared that tion to the growing number of the United Church of Canada was one religious sects in the country for the of the greatest ecclesiastical experi- furtherance of the spiritual life of the ments ever attempted, and that the African people. The view was exsuccess of its operation would do much pressed that the time has come for the to promote denominational union in establishment of one national church Great Britain. It was intended, as a to embrace all the independent organresult of the present visit, to have in izations, and to that end it was reevery county in England an informed solved that a conference of all African central organization which would in- churches be convened to consider how terpret the church union movement of this can be achieved and to devise ways Canada. Dr. J. D. Jones, says that and means of establishing a national there has already been steady prog- college for the training of African ress, resulting in a tacit understand- clergy. This resolution was referred ing among the denominations so that to the executive of the African Nationdenominational rivalry in Great Brit- al Congress, with power to act. The ain is now becoming a thing of the outcome of this resolution will be past. watched with interest.

In India an important report on the An Institute for Race Relations unity of the churches has just been published and will be presented to the With a view to the further study of Anglican Church, the Methodist Epis- racial relations in South Africa and copal Church and the United Church the coordination of effort for the betof South India, for discussion and if terment of conditions of life among accepted, the United Church of South non-Europeans, a non-political "South India will be the first to have bridged African Institute for Racial Relations" the gulf separating the Free Churches has been formed with Dr. C. T. Loram from the Anglican. The question of as chairman. The committee consists the episcopate has been the chief diffi- of prominent men of both races, inculty. The suggested solution provides cluding Professor Jabavu, of South that the synod will be the chief legis- African Native College, Fort Hare. lative and practical authority in the The institute will investigate social, future United Church, with the bishop economic and other problems, and will as the main administrative officer of aim at the dissemination of informathe Synod, and with special authority tion concerning the non-European in matters affecting faith and worship. races of South Africa, and the encour- The report expresses the hope that the agement of agricultural development. United Church of South India will lead The organization of health facilities to the establishment of one church and the provision of recreational, eduthroughout the whole country. A con- cational and religious agencies will ference has recently been held at Luck- likewise come within its province. The now for the promotion of church union Committee has appointed Mr. Rheinin North India and was attended by hallt Jones, of the University of Witrepresentatives of the Methodist Epis- watersrand, to the post of adviser on copal Church, the Wesleyan and Bap- race relations, with the special duty of tist Churches, the United Church of assisting bodies engaged in work tend- North India, the Church of the Dis- ing towards better race relationships. ciples of Christ, the Brotherhood He will assume his responsibilities Church, and the Wesleyan Methodist early in 1930. Church.

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 Fifth Avenue, New

President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions THE NEW STEWARDSHIP short cut to church finance whereby the METHODS few but fortunate groups that follow By HARVEY REEVES CALKINS, D.D. it are enabled to meet their local and It is a joy to know that I am not benevolence budgets with smiling ease.

expected to discourse on get-rich-quick Church finance, in its stewardship methods of church finance. Rather, I connotations, is nothing less than the am invited to write on the spiritual, Christian interpretation of property social, and economic implications of itself. It means, and will continue to the stewardship message of American mean, that church finance is freed Protestantism, a message which is but from petty and worrisome devices beginning its prophetic and creative whose appeal is to the smaller rather sweep through our generation. than the larger motives of men and women; but, vastly more than pro- Even so one can hardly overlook the grams and plans, it signifies the triamazing financial development within umphant way of Christ in the midst the American churches whereby the of human affairs. If it is to be realreceipts of a group of fifteen denomi- ized, we must know that Stewardship nations for the cause of Foreign Mis- Methods refer to spiritual and mental sions has been increased from five and attitudes no less than to outward ada quarter millions at the beginning of ministrations. Two of these are here the century to more than five times written down, Discovery and Courage. that amount this year. The influence I. First of all, we must discover, of the organized stewardship move- in ourselves and in our generation, ment is registered in the treasuries of that multitudes of Christians have not all the boards, and it looks as though yet made practical alignment of their the American churches have embarked faith with the social and economic on a voyage of spiritual discovery. standards of J.esus.

The analogy is exactly that. When Two considerations will obscure this Columbus set sail in the summer of unwelcome discovery: (1) Many 1492, it was his expectation to find a Christians are accustomed to set be- "short cut" to the East Indies. He fore themselves the purpose of acbrought back with him much gold, but quiring riches with the sincere probably never realized that a new expectation of using their entire continent had been opened to the wealth, apart from a wholesome comworld. He died in the vain imagina- petency for their families, for the tion that Europe had found vast en- furtherance of wide and generous richment through the alluring, but philanthropy; and (2) multitudes of dubious method of sharing what bold Christians, whose ability and opporvoyagers might bring back from the tunity preclude the reasonable expecmysterious West. He never knew that tation of acquiring riches, are the western continent itself would re- governed by the same attitude toward create the world's philosophy of life. life and possessions as that which ani- mates the minds of those who are far The churches are but now discov- advanced in the pursuit of riches. ering that the dynamic stewardship message of our generation is not a 705 4

Therefore, as it seems to many, Ameri- cial and economic relationships as are can civilization is already largely ac- involved in property, value, income, tuated by a Christian view of life. work, leisure, obligation, organization, But two other considerations will acknowledgment.

brush away the mental haze which so In this brief resume none of these easily clouds over our perceptions: relationships can be discussed, further (1) In the complex life of the modern than to suggest that all such terms of business world, Christian men and business and finance thrill with an un- women find themselves, without active seen spiritual presence.

volition on their part, enmeshed in a Take, for instance, the spiritual con- philosophy of ownership whose ori- tent of acknowledgment. Though ex- gins and sanctions are historically pa- pressed in economic terms, it brings gan. (2) In the midst of an economic swift realization of the Supreme Per- order, whose standards of acquisition son in the world of persons, and, there- and administration are based on the with, it connotes the social responsibil- profit motive, Christian men and wom- ity of Christian men. They are God's en (for more than forty per cent of representatives in the world. Money American invested wealth is in the rightfully becomes the symbol of spir- hands of women) are ensnared by the itual power because it has been made ancient yet evil counsel-that a friend- the vehicle of spiritual experience.

ly purpose of ultimately doing good But notice how pole-wide is the dis- removes the sting from the self-seek- tance between this and the revenue- ing and often unfriendly methods of producing interpretation which some- the actual business world. times passes as one of the stewardship However, if the business world, as principles of the Protestant Churches.

exemplified in ourselves and others, The setting apart of a definite portion does not enable us to make the needed of income, in acknowledgment of the discovery, the churches will jar us supreme dominion of God, searches out broad awake. (1) In order that they the ethical sources of income as the may be prepared to do the greater good spectrum of a pin-point of light – surely an exalted motive – the searches out the chemical constituents churches have not been unwilling to of the sun; for the portion represents receive from their members a portion the whole; it thus becomes a pledge of the proceeds of our unbrotherly that the whole of income shall be ac- social order, and have not been dili- quired with "justice, and mercy, and gent to declare the whole counsel of faith," and that it shall be adminis- God in the realm of property, income, tered as a social trust.

industry, and business.. (2) The So- Only as it thus registers a purpose cial Ideals of the Churches, though of personal and social righteousness formally accepted as a statement of does the separated portion become a .principles, are hampered and often storehouse from which, in personal nullified in actual realization by the in- and social administration, the churches herited attitudes of Christian people, and other institutions of religious and and by the discrimination in many spiritual culture may expect to receive churches as between "spiritual reli- commensurate and worthy support.

gion" and what is often termed "the And this very fact searches out the so-called social gospe!." worship, fellowship, doctrine, and pro- II. Second, we must have within gram of the churches, as already it has ourselves, and stimulate in the mind of searched out the ethical sources of in- our generation, the courage which sees come; it insures for the churches fi- that the historic faith of the church delity to the spiritual and social ideals can be realized in the fresh and vivid of Jesus.

terms of modern life; especially must As with acknowledgment, so also we have courage to see that the Chris- with property, value, income and all tian faith can be realized in such so- the other human-relationship terms of

METHODS FOR WORKERS

the business and industrial world; it is given personal and close attention.

they are crowded with spiritual mean- Here, finally, is a strong tower for ing. Realizing, thus, the actual and Christian men and women "when the modern meaning of the Christian blast of the terrible ones is as a storm faith, men and women who know some- against the wall." The church herself thing of the meaning of faith's reality need never fear but that bread shall will refuse to remain caught in a pa- be given her, that her waters shall be gan philosophy of property, they will sure, that her place of defense shall be be spiritually strengthened to continue as the munitions of rocks. It is those in our present "acquisitive society" yet who set themselves to follow the ethics not be of it, and they will become cre- of Jesus who need the church's encour- ative factors in bringing to pass the agement and support in the midst of Kingdom of God among men. the social and economic problems of III. Where, in all this, is that per- modern civilization. Such faithful ennial problem of Kingdom support stewards will never forget the church which has perplexed so many devoted and her program; but as for the laymen, and has given so many anxious church, she may yet know the stern joy hours to the women of all the of cutting down her budgets that she churches? It is a gladness to suggest may walk shoulder to shoulder with that the solution is already at hand. her heroic sons and daughters who Stewardship reaches men in their have taken their economic life in their social and economic relationships be- hands that they may work out the new fore it really takes hold of them in (yet old!) program of the Kingdom in their church affiliations. For this very the midst of life's affairs.

reason, when men and women recog- nize the spiritual content of property A WORLD FELLOWSHIP and the social implications of owner- DEMONSTRATION ship, their church loyalties become creative. They, themselves, become (Short-effective) pioneers in the Kingdom of God. Flag Raising at the National Meeting of The Women's Missionary Association Church and mission "support" is no of the United Brethren in Christ longer named as a church objective; it emerges as a corollary of the main By JANET GILBERT, Secy. of Otterbein Guild proposition. And the main proposition is this: God recognized and acknowl- "It was one of the most colorful and edged in the realm of material value. impressive dramatizations I have ever It is here that church finance rises seen." This sentiment was heard on from its uncomfortable corner in the every hand after the presentation of Committee on Ways and Means and "The Flag Raising" at our biennial takes its rightful place at the center of board meeting.

the Church's Message. And here is The auditorium in which it was giv- the reason why men and women be- en seemed ideal, for the platform was come interested-I mean interested- spacious, with steps at each side, and, in the practical problem of Kingdom at the rear of the platform, there was support: it has emerged out of life a balcony which was used to advan- itself. Therefore, the problem is given tage.

first hand attention as are all the pri- As the strains of music from the mary considerations of life. In a word, violin and piano were heard, two girls economic relationships in their true in white flaring robes took their places, and spiritual perspective means to men one on each side of the platform at the the thrilling discovery of God in the steps. Then the processional of a Fili- midst of life's affairs. The business pino girl, an African girl, an American of the Kingdom becomes their busi- girl and eleven other girls, each in the ness; it is placed on the day's agenda costume of a different nation, came with other items of first importance; down the center aisle. These came

slowly so that our attention was fo- As I was walking from the church cused upon only two at one time as to the old stone parsonage, I noted, in they separated in the front of the spite of lowering clouds driven ragroom, each receiving the flag of her gedly before a March wind, a glint nation from one of the girls on the of color at my feet. Regardless of steps and taking her place on the plat- sandburrs and stickers I knelt eagerly form. The girls in the balcony then in the grass, and, just under shelter raised the two flags simultaneously as of the board walk, almost completely each girl followed eagerly with her hidden, I found scores of Johnnyeyes the flag of her nation. Jump-Ups turning up their tiny faces to assure us of returning life after The last of the fourteen flags to be seeming death. How can we question raised was the American flag which, of the continuance of life and immortality course, thrilled us and brought us to in the face of Easter, to me the most our feet. It truly was a beautiful pic- impressive of all the Christian festiture to see the fourteen girls in cos- vals? I gathered a few of the sweet tume and above them floating in the little tokens to brighten the silence of air the fourteen large flags. The my room, which always used to ring picture presented was made more with life and laughter, and then my beautiful as a girl, representing the eye caught another wonder. A big spirit of Christianity, with stately apricot tree by my gate had suddenly tread came' down the aisle, received burst into bloom, and white blossoms the Christian flag and took her place were opening hour by hour. The exin the center of this group of nations. quisite song of the western meadow Again we were on our feet as the lark heralded the miracle, and invited Christian flag was raised as a quartet me to the celebration. As I came sang: thoughtfully to my work, events, re- cent and from the long ago, surging Fling out the banner, let it float, in my mind somewhat confusedly, as Skyward and seaward, high and wide, if driven by March winds, took on or- der and color, just as the sun broke The sun that lights its shining folds, through the flying clouds, and flooded The cross on which the Saviour died. my Johnny-Jump-Ups and the white apricot tree, and caused the friendly And then came the most tense mo- meadow lark to call in his whole choir ment of all when the Christian flag to back his efforts as herald of the was raised far above all the others and spring. the Spirit of Christianity stepped forward and gave the lines of the beauti- Like a moving picture before my ful hymn, "In Christ There Is No East eyes, there came the memory of such or West," and closed with the prayer: a morning, long past, when I heard the "0 thou strong Father of all nations, distant voice of an Indian "crying the draw all thy great family together camp." It was Easter Sunday. I liswith an increasing sense of our com- tened but had to turn to a beautiful mon blood and destiny, that peace may Cheyenne girl who was then living with come on earth at last, and thy sun may us and ask her to tell me what the shed its light rejoicing on a holy broth- chief was crying. She said slowly, as erhood of peoples. Amen." she caught the far-away, but sonorous voice, "He says to the people, 'Awake! This presentation will long remain Awake! This is the day when Jesus in the minds of all of us who saw it, made a road for us through death and and I trust it will lead us to earnestly the grave to life. Awake your children, seek to make real this fellowship of and come to the church to thank him. love throughout the whole wide earth. Awake, awake!'" Both chief and In- dian maiden are now gone into that INDIAN INCIDENTS great beyond, but, far and wide, the By MARY W. ROE, Colony, Oklahoma (Personally given for this department at the Northfield Home Missions Summer Conference.)

Indians have been told of Him who but triumphant paleness of the sucsaid, "I am the resurrection and the cessful heroes, at last, at last, coming life." over on board, as described in Mrs. Baldwin's wonderful "Log" in The A turn of thought, perhaps again Outlook. Is this the generation of my meadow lark suggesting, and a youth of which so many speak in acscene of recent days arose. I was in a cents of despair? great hotel at a banquet. The guests had pushed back from the table. Rev. Years ago an Indian father brought Henry Roe Cloud had just finished a to me his boy to take and educate as a dignified, weighty and noble speech, his fine Indian wife eagerly looking Christian. I told him that I could not up at him with lustrous eyes, and Mr. take him into my own horne, with my Cloud had just introduced two other sick husband, and uncertain and irreg- Indians, Rev. Philip Frazier, Sioux, ular life, but that I would take respongraduate of Oberlin, and his wife, also sibility for him. He was received into an Indian, and a graduate of Earlham the warm hearts and simple home of College. They passed quietly to the the Van Donselaars in Sioux Center, piano, and when the two rich, trained and later they moved to Holland, Michand exquisitely harmonizing voices igan, where he was graduated from rang out together, a prominent citizen Hope College. Recently he came to at my si<;le said, "What splendid Wichita to help Mr. Cloud put across poise !" Then, when the last notes of his heavy task-namely, to carry his an Indian love song died away, he school for training a Christian Indian added, "But these young Indians could leadership over, not only financially, earn thousands of dollars on the stage but spiritually. This young Comanche, with such voices." I answered, "Yes, James Ottipobi, explained to me that but they told me today that no money he was not side-stepping the ministry, could draw them away from their as he had never felt fully called to Christian work among their old Kick- that, knowing so well the many and apoos in which they were too happy to trying demands upon the man who is be able to tell their soul satisfaction." at the head of any mission, but that The business man looked from one to he did want to teach his own people the other of these two Indian couples; in a Christian mission school. So he a strange, deep light began to touch responded to Mr. Cloud's call, who now the rugged features, and I saw the must feel as Dr. Roe, years ago, said message of new life out of the death he felt when Dr. Vander Meulen came of the old once more strike home. to us-"Like a spent soldier, alone, and with a broken sword, but still fac- This picture faded, and the March ing the opposing forces, when suddenwind heralded another, a stormy ocean, ly a young, strong man draws a fresh a sinking vessel, with desperate men weapon at his side." clinging to its shattered hulk, and, steaming round and round, the Theo- That carried my mind to the picture dore Roosevelt under its gallant Capt. of little Bobbie Chaat in his dirty lit- Fried, circling day and night, waiting, tle camp dress, crying lustily with or striving and risking men and prop- wide-open mouth, and, by his looks, erty to save those precious lives. I loudly demanding help from somebody, could almost see the splendid volun- somewhere. The other day in a big teers, gladly, eagerly offering even to conference I saw the leader making his swim across the welter of waters to way, as I thought, toward me, evidenttake a line to that sinking vessel. I ly for the music. I shrank back into could see the small, frail steward, cry- my seat, for I was so weary, but he ing in a corner because his repeated stopped and asked Mr. Robert Chaat offers as volunteer had been turned if he would take charge of the music. dOVIn. I could also see the drawn faces Instantly he rose and took his place on of the rescued men, and the solemn the platform, and quietly, capably, and

correctly he filled the place and seized As they drop in the blooming time, his opportunity. Is an infant plant that fastens its roots Another exquisite picture rises. In the place where it falls on the Spring in Washington-the smooth ground, lawn of the White House, with glory of trees and flowers, and the stately And as fast as they drop from the dying columns of the nation's home of Pres- stem, idents as background in front of which stands a memorable group,-President Grow lively and lovely around, Coolidge, with Rev. Henry Roe Cloud, By dying it liveth a thousand fold Winnebago, and Rev. Sherman Coolidge, Arapahoe, to right and left, and, In the young that spring from the facing the President, Miss Ruth Musk- death of the old. rat, dressed in an exquisite buckskin Indian dress, fashioned by the trained Have you heard this tale,-the best of all, and skillful fingers of our Colony In- The tale of the holy and true? dian women, and holding out to the President the book on Indians pre- He dies, but His life in untold souls pared by our friend, Mr. Lindquist, Lives on in the world anew; specially bound in a cover designed by one of our owtJ. Indian school boys, and His seed prevails and is filling the earth, beaded by our women workers. In her As stars fill the sky above. simple, but eloquent address she spoke of the fact that a new generation of He taught us to yield up the love of life, Indian youth is now before the coun- For the sake of the life of love. try, eager to pass on to the world their precious inheritance from the historic His death is our life, His loss is our past, to learn new values from new gain; contacts, and to serve both their own race and ours in the conflict for The joy for the tear, the peace for the right. pain.

I could describe many an appealing GAMBLING scene, but these are enough to make us feel the stirring of new faith and hope, Some years ago a highly cultu'red as we hear the calls for help coming from distant Indian peoples of many Indian said to his mother, "Just why nations, and we veterans see the ranks is gambling wrong? I can't see that of a new generation sweep onto the it is stealing or treachery. I have been field. taught that it is wrong, but I cannot see any moral evil in it." The mother *** thought awhile, realizing that gam- bling had long been the besetting sin The following poem has reached me from Central America: of the Indian race. Then she said: "Gambling is an THE ALOE PLANT economic crime. It is taking some- Have you heard the tale of the aloe plant, thing for nothing. If you admit that Away in the sunny clime, it is allowable and even right in an By humble growth of a hundred years economic sense. you strike at the. very It reaches its blooming time, root of well ordered civilization. If a man can say to a contractor, a mer- And then a wondrous bud at its crown chant, an educator, or to any other Breaks into a thousand flowers; man, 'This service which you have This floral queen, in its blooming time, rendered is good, but I will return Is the pride of the tropical bowers, nothing of value for it,'-admit this, and there is no foundation for econom- But the plant to the flower is sacrifice, ic life. Admit this and colleges and For it blooms but once and then it dies. modern business could not stand. Dur- Have you further heard of the aloe plant, ing the great war the first establish- That grows in the sunny clime, ments to be closed were the great gambling centers." How everyone of its thousand flowers, "I see it now," said the son. No state can advance when the get- ting of something for nothing becomes their accepted line of thought. This strong tendency toward gambling may have had much to do with the tragic economic history of the American In~ dians as well as with their lack of mor- al development.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd St., New York Executive Secretary, Council of Women for Home Missions INSTITUTE OF RELIGION While the conference has concerned itself primarily with the problem of Called by the Ollristian Herald; held at unity in the United States, we have Buck H!Il Falls, Pa., June 10-1:1, 1929. had ever in mind the fact that the movement in this country is but a part Findings of a world-wide movement, the influ- ence of which is being felt on all the 1. Occasion for the Conference continents ….. .

During the past four years, three 2. Reasons for Unity great international conferences have been held on the subject of Christian Whether we consider the need of unity j that of Stockholm in 1925 dealt the world for a forceful and united with questions of life and work, that witness to the great moral and reliof Lausanne in 1927 dealt with ques- gious verities of our Christian faith, tions of faith and order, that of Jeru- or the need of our children and young salem in 1928 dealt with the people for an intelligent and effective missionary responsibility of the Christian education, or the wasteful- Church. ness of our present ecclesiastical organization with its needless dupli- In these conferences the reasons for cation of machinery and its unchrisunity were considered, its possibilities tian rivalry and competition; whether explored, many misunderstandings we consider the countryside with its and obstacles removed, and a clear many struggling and competing conviction was won by representative churches or the cities with their teem- Christians of many countries and of ing population, multitudes of them many branches of the Church that the wholly out of touch with the work and time has come for some signal step life of the church, the need of conforward ….. . solidation and unity stares us in the face. How can a church so divided Such action to be effective requires preach unity and brotherhood to a dinot only the consent of the leaders, vided' world ….. . but the hearty cooperation and support of the church membership as a Our young people entering life unwhole; but we face the fact that for der conditions wholly different from lack of adequate educational methods their parents cannot understand the the gains made in these central con- reasQns which make such a situation ferences have not yet been shared with possible and will only be reached by the great body of the churches, and a church which deals with present livtherefore the resolute will to unity, ing issues in a practical modern way. which is essential to success, is not yet present on a nation-wide scale . . . . Only if we face seriously these prac- tical problems in the country, in the Unlike the official gatherings already nation and in the church shall we be referred to, this conference is a meet- able to overcome the most serious of ing of individuals called together by all the foes of unity, that self-satisfied a leading interdenominational journal spirit which is content with things as for the purpose, not so much of sug- they are and stubbornly resists all gesting new methods of approach to change. the task which confronts us, as of mobilizing the resources which will make possible its accomplishment.

711

3. Progress Toward Unity mediately practicable. The difficulties in the way are too great and the sin- We rejoice in the steps that have cere differences of conviction too deepalready been taken in the direction of seated to make the advocacy of any church cooperation and unity. Heart- complete plan practicable, but it does ening progress has been made in the mean that whatever steps we now take federation of hitherto separated should be regarded not as the measure churches, in the local community, in of final attainment but only as steps the state, and in the nation. Many toward a goal which will unfold as we congregations which have hitherto proceed. been worshiping in separate buildings have been united in community We record with gratitude the fact churches. Useful steps have been that in the discussion at Lausanne it taken and are still being taken, in co- was definitely recognized that whatordinating and simplifying our ecclesi- ~ver form unity may ultimately take, astical machinery, and in great central It must be such as to make room for bodies like the Foreign Missions Con~ a wide measure of variety and conference, the Home Missions Council, serve the values for which each of the the Council of Women for Home Mis- great permanent types of Christians sions, the Federation of Woman's stand. The unity we seek, far from Boards of Foreign Missions, the Fed- being inconsistent with liberty, must eral Council .of the Churches of Christ conserve it as our most priceless posin America, the Council of Church session. Boards of Education, and the International Council of Religious Education, 4. Some Obstacles the church possesses agencies through which it is functioning effectively in 1. Differences of conviction as to the matters of common interest. nature of the Church.

But useful and necessary as are all 2. The inherent difficulty of changing these steps, we are convinced that they methods which have become familiar and are not enough. Our existing methods through which valuable results are beare too cumbrous. The authority ing reached. granted to the central bodies is too limited to make possible effective ac- 3. The difficulty which arises from tion on the scale that is now impera- vested interests. tively demanded. With all recognition of the great values for which the de- 4. The social, racial, and psychological nominations have stood, values with- barriers between groups. out which the whole church would be appreciably poorer, we feel that the 5. The provincial spirit which takes time has come when the differences pride in old ways and lacks imagination between the denominations are no to realize the larger issues involved. longer such as should keep us apart. Some of these differences have been It is clear that in our approach to outgrown. In other cases the distinc- the task before us we must distinguish tive points of view have been accepted clearly between the problem of unity by other bodies. No denomination to- as it presents itself to those who are day has a monopoly of the truth for separated by sincere differences of which it originally came into being. conviction as to the nature of the We hold, therefore, that some form of church, and to those whose difficulties union is necessary today, in order to are practical and personal. It is futile secure a more efficient church and re- to seek organic unity with Christians lease for more constructive purposes of the first type until we have done the resources now frequently wasted. what is practicable to secure unity be- tween Christians of the second type. This does not mean that organic union on a world-wide scale is im- 5. Ways of Approach Two lines of progress seem immedi- ately practicable, in both of which im- portant steps are already being taken: 1. The reunion of separated bodies of related denominational families.

2. The strengthening of existing co- operative agencies to the point where in-

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

stead of being, as at present, largely People's Societies, looking toward the es- consultative bodies, they become admin- tablishment of a United Young People's istrative bodies, doing for all the Movement. churches the things that can best be done together. (fl We commend the cooperative work now being done in the field of religious In the matter of practical coopera- education, but we feel that it should be tion also encouraging progress is be- greatly extended and that it should be ing made. We need only refer to the applied to all ages and groups. We sug- work now being done by bodies which gest to the International Council of Reare carrying on effective cooperative ligious Education the preparation of work in many fields. But this is only suitable courses dealing with church a beginning. What would it mean if unity. in each of the larger centers of our country some commanding enterprise (g) We believe that a great service of interdenominational significance may be rendered by our existing religious. journals enlisting the support of their could be carried on, not by any indi- readers and of other journals in church vidual denomination but in the name unity. of the church as a whole ….. . (h) We recommend that as an aid in So far as we are kept apart by ques- creating the mind to unity, which is our tions of principle which grow out greatest present need, the widest pub- licity be given to the gains which will of differences in our view of the result from the consolidation of our at church, we recommend the continua- present divided resources. tion of conference on the points which (i) We rejoice in the growing interest now divide us. But in the meantime of our seminary students in the movewe urge with all the force at our com- ment for unity, and we recommend to mand that there be the largest possible ali seminaries that this movement be cooperation in all those practical mat- adequately studied in the seminaries and ters which do not involve the theory the provision be made through extension courses on a wide scale for informing the of the church, to the end that our wit- ministers who have already been graduness to the world may be as impres- ated as to what is being done in this field. sive and united as possible ….. . (j) In view of the fact that 1930 marks 6. Specific Suggestions the closing year of the Nineteenth Cen- tenary of the public ministry of Jesus, (a) We recognize the contribution as well as the Nineteenth Centenary of which the Community Church movement Pentecost, we recommend to the approis making to the cause of Christian unity, priate denominational and interdenomibut we call attention to the importance national agencies the propriety of making of the movement establishing and main- revisions in their programs for confertaining a vital connection with the mis- ence, study, and prayer regarding church sionary, benevolent, and educational unity ….. . enterprises of the church as a whole …. In all that we have said we have (b) We recommend that in order to hasten the improvement of conditions in been deeply conscious that whatever the weaker communities and the countryside, strong state federations or Home we do in the way of improving admin- Missions Councils be formed which shall relate the resources of the stronger istrative machinery will be futile if it churches to those that are weaker. does not spring out of the deep and (c) We favor new experiments in cooperation between different denomina- passionate conviction of the importions or groups, which, if successful, may afterwards be repeated on a large scale. tance of the cause which we seek to (d) We suggest that a study be made promote. The church of the Living of the possibilities of uniting the business services of the various denominations God exists for the purpose of helping and interdenominational bodies in the interest of economy and efficiency. men and women everywhere to realize (e1 We recommend that in this coming the presence of God as the fact of year a preliminary inquiry be made of facts for individual and for social life. the possibility of bringing about closer relations betwepn the various Young We earnestly desire for the churches to which we belong and for the church as a whole such a revival of this Jiving sense of the presence of God as shall make it a fact to the men of today and shall help the church to realize its high responsibility as the body of Christ, the agency through which His spirit is conveyed to the spirits of men. EDITED BY MISS AMY G. LEWIS, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York Miss Ella D. MacLaurin, Executive Secretary of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America, and editor of this Bulletin, after several months of illness passed away July 23 in a hospital in Minneapolis.

ELLA D. MACLAURIN-AN of Ida Scudder's mother and the second in honor of Dr. Stephen Smith, father APPRECIATION of Mrs. James Madison Pratt. Will those who read this send to me at 144 By HELEN B. MONTGOMERY Dartmouth Street, Rochester, N. Y., a gift to keep green the memory of our The death of Ella D. MacLaurin, on dear Ella D. MacLaurin. Even small July 23d, in a hospital in Minneapolis, gifts will help and this should be a has come as a great shock. When I gift of love. first came into missionary work, she was already engaged in speaking and writing and traveling in the interests of foreign missions. For years, she Miss Ella D. MacLaurin was born was secretary of the Baptist Women's in Canada, of Scotch descent, and came Board, and to it she gave many effec- to the United States at an early age. tive years of service, with complete For forty years she devoted herself to absorption in the cause, by writing, religious work in the Baptist denomiaddresses and above all by prayer. nation, with the Y. W. C. A. and with the Federation of Woman's Boards of Later she became one of the secre- Foreign Missions of North America. taries of the Foreign Branch of the Y. W. C. A. and poured into its serv- She had a great respect for law, and ice all the rich devotion of her nature. strongly supported the 18th amend- The heavy curtailment of its work in ment to the Constitution. She also China made necessary by the World eagerly worked for the closer Chris- War, led to her withdrawal and she tian fellowship of the women of the became Executive Secretary for the world, all cooperating together in the Federation of Women's Boards of For- service of Christ. She often expressed eign Missions. the hope that a fund might be estab- Iished to enable some of the best teach- I cannot imagine her in any heaven ers and preachers from America to being content so long as Jesus Christ visit the foreign mission fields to bring was yet uncrowned as King in the Kingdom of God, so long as one corner inspiration and encouragement to those of the earth remained unresponsive to cut off from hearing such messages as His sway; so long as one heart failed these experts could bring. She hoped to yield Him allegiance. She would that by a reciprocal arrangement outstill be eager to work and pray for the standing native Christian leaders from great cause for which she had given mission lands might come to America her life. "to lead us to a closer life for God and His world." When I learned of her death, an idea came to me, inspired I believe, by the Miss MacLaurin was deeply inter- Spirit of God, that her friends out of ested in students-especially women every communion should establish a and girls-who were seeking an edumemorial bed in the obstetrical ward cation under difficulties and a strong in Ida Scudder's great hospital for supporter of world peace movements. women in Vellore, India. This ward contains 26 beds, each of which costs Miss MacLaurin was active up to the $1,000 to endow in perpetuity. The last and went home on July 23d, servfirst memorial bed was given in honor ices being conducted in Trinity. Bap- . tist Church, Minneapolis, July 25th.

714 AFTER JERUSALEM A new psychology is evident. The After Edinburgh for many years day of "defeatism" is beginning to missionary leaders drew inspiration pass. The present is not spoken of as and charted their course from that a time "to hold our own," "to dig in" great conference. Under the leader- but as a time to press forward. For ship of Dr. John R. Mottand Mr. J. more than a year we have been hear- H. Oldham wonderful changes have ing of Kagawa's "Million Souls Camtaken place in the Christian church paign" in Japan with churches and around the world. Old fears and prej- missionaries following this "flaming udices are being removed, narrow torch." Now we learn that in China views and circumscribed lives are giv- the new church has accepted as its ing place to world vision and world goal the doubling of its membership activities. in the next five years. In five years to win as many converts as have been Those who participated in the Jeru- won in the last century surely is an salem meeting last year assure us that undertaking of inspiring faith. Dr. it was a· great experience in living, Mott pointed out that in the history working, thinking through together. of the Christian church a new move- Most diverse groups carne to Jerusa- ment is Q.SualIy preceded by a time of lem. Many deep antagonisms were testing and purifying. In China rerepresented and were openly expressed cent months have been such a time. in the first week. The East and the We hear with great admiration of the West, the younger and the older courage, endurance, ability of the Chichurches, the pietist, the economist. nese Christian leaders. Surely we may Out of this diversity was achieved a expect great things in the East. marvelous unity. Dr. Mott presented thirteen concrete From Jerusalem delegates returned proposals for mission boards. In outto report to their churches what God line they are as follows: had wrought in his children there and what they had found most important 1. Coordinate the thinking in order to to work toward in the corning years. coordinate the planning and action. From Jerusalem Dr. Mott traveled among the churches in the middle and 2. Continue close working together so Far East for eight months. Mr. Paton well begun at Jerusalem. has visited India and the Near East. 3. The "Message" wrought out at Je- Mr. Oldham and others were in New rusalem is a divine word. Let it be York having had many conferences be- brought to the churches. . fore the meeting of the International Missionary Council at Williamstown, 4. In religious education use present- Jnly 11-21. day plans.

At a recent dinner Dr. Mott re- 5. In the realm of higher Christian edviewed his experiences in the Orient. ucation let us send a commission of ex- Among the conditions adverse to perts (as was done in the case of China several years ago) to study the whole field of higher education in India and Japan. Send the best from England and America and include nationals in each country. 6. Study the mass movements-the Christian work today is the grievous dangers and advantages. economic situation that oppresses multitudes in India, China, Japan. Of 7. "Sharing" was a great word at Jepoverty in India and famine in China rusalem, let us practice it. we hear much. Japan also suffers. Dr. Mott paid high tribute to the patient, 8. In missionary preparation we must silent endurance of hardship on the rethink the subject from the beginning. part of the Japanese. A pamphlet with report of what is being done in England is just ready. Also Dr. Mott found changes for the better. There is opportunity for more 9. Let us seek to augment Christian open-minded and frank discussion be- leadership. More missionaries are needed tween those of the East and those of and wanted but "let no second and third the West. line men through."

10. Liberate a greater force of lay workers.

11. Let us plan for larger evangelisrr as is being done in China and Japan. .

12. Christian literature is a great need. private room adjoining the chapel talk Previous plans have been pigeonholed. it over with a Christian woman of We must do something. great strength, patience and tact. She strengthens the weak, sets right what 13. Unity is a goal toward which we was wrong, trains to better fitness, must work. Church union in South India finds a place for them and after they is very well planned. leave her by correspondence continues to give sympathy and help. At the meeting of the Committee of When one asks Mrs. Jo how she has Reference and Counsel, which was the been able to accomplish so great a work her answer is in one wordoccasion of the above address, much "Prayer."

attention was given to the Jerusalem My thoughts go back to my early days as a missionary when I lived reports and how to bring recommen- with Mrs. Van Petten at the Yoko- hama Bible Woman's Training School. dations to the churches and into the It was Mrs. Van Petten who told this practice of mission boards and mis- story about one of her students.

sionaries. Let us help to speed the day During recess there were so many waiting in the office to see me that when the message of Jerusalem shall the bell rang before I could see J 0 San. She said: "Sensei, I must tell be in our thinking, our planning, our you of a very sad case I have found." And between office and classroom she action. A. G. L. told of a little child whose hands had been cut off by a drunken man-of A JAPANESE CHRISTIAN WOMAN the utter poverty of mother and child who at a pittance a day were making MRS. NOBU Jo paper bags in their tiny room. Jo San had to bring the story to a sudden When I' knew Nobu Jo twenty-five end for the class waited, but she years ago in the "Bible Woman's added: "I'm going to teach 0 Kei San Training School" in Yokohama, little to knit so that she can support her- self." did I think that she would do a work so unique that it would be written A child with both hands gone learn about in the New York Times, but in to knit! What an impossibility! But the issue of July 7th I read the head- with such as Jo San the impossible is line "Mrs. Nobu Jo's Placards Urge achieved. 0 Kei San and her mother Desperate Japanese To Come To Her were helped and 0 Kei San received For Help" and then follows a column artificial hands. She did learn to knit, about her Women's Welfare Associa- -first with soft wool she made lovely tion in Kobe and her work for the baby jackets and socks and later beauwould-be suicide. tiful little silk purses that some who read these lines may possess. The Japan of cherry blossoms and chrysanthemums, of smiling holiday o Kei San went through a mission crowds is not all of Japan. The eager, serious minded students as well as high school and learned to write with those with more experience of life face Japanese Jude and even English with impossible problems. With aspirations a pen. One of her letters I still keep. to become great and noble they often After graduation she taught in the find themselves overwhelmed with dif- Christian Blind School in Yokohama. ficulties and facing failure prefer death. And so it happens that at beau- Many Bible women are ministering tiful Nikko Waterfall or at the beau- to' those who are sad and lonely and tiful spot near Kobe a life is on the in need. Jo San's achievements have verge. Just there is this word from won recognition at home and abroad. Nobu Jo: "Wait-a-bit, would-be suicide! God is love. Come and talk it A. G. L. over with Nobu Jo, Kobe Women's Welfare Association." As a result of the sign near Kobe nearly 3,000 have been saved during the last thirteen years.

They go to the quiet home and in a

JAPAN-CHOSEN Christian Council has formulated

Christianity's Influence following social creed: ACONTRIBUTOR to the Japan Equal rights and equal opportunities. Advertiser figures that at the Non-discriminatory treatment of na- present rate of increase, 10/0 a year, it tions and races. would take 10,000 years to make Ja- The sanctity of marriage, equal respon- sibility of both men and women regarding pan Christian. Church members now chastity and improvement of the home number 154,521, the Presbyterians in life. The betterment of the status of women the lead with 40,866; next the Meth- in the educational, social, political and odists, 32,783; Congregational, 27,- industrial world. Respect for the personality of the child, 837; Episcopal, 22,235. Nineteen the prohibition of child labor, and the extension of the period of compulsory ed- other Protestant churches range in ucation. The diffusion of a thorough vo- number from 100 to 4,217. Japan has cational education. a population of 60,000,000. The enactment of a law making Sun- day a public rest day. But the truth of the matter, con- The abolishment of the system of pub- cludes the Japan Advertiser, is that lic prostitution. The promotion of national prohibition. the influence of the Christian Church The enactment of a minimum wage, in Japan cannot be measured in num- peasants' welfare, and social insurance laws. bers. For example: Legislation and equipment promoting public hygiene. . It is doing more than anything else to Government subsidy for the betterment raise the status of women from an Ori- of housing conditions. ental to a modern level. It has put new The encouragement of producers' and life in the religious consciousness of the consumers' cooperative associations. nation, and has taught the Japanese The establishment of a suitable agency people the dignity of service for the to attain harmonious relations between weak. Innumerable Japanese who have employees and employers. never embraced the Christian faith have The enactment of a reasonable working absorbed its influence. The late Marquis day. Okuma declared that Christianity was The betterment of home industries and the substance of his own life. The Japa- the improvement of equipment in fac- nese Christians are the salt of the na- tories. tion. The enactment of a higher progressive tax rate for incomes and inheritances. The missionaries' great feat has been The realization of a warless world.- not the conversion of a certain number World Neighbors. of Japanese, but the foundation of a vigorous native Church. This Church is Increases in Japan developing on its own lines, and it seems likely that it will eventually evolve a REGISTERED Protestant Church Japanese form of Christianity in which members in Japan now number the fifty or so divisions of Christian work in Japan will be merged. It is the 154,521, an increase of 5,237 over last test of Christianity that it can adapt itself to all civilizations and improve year, according to the National Chris- all, and the future lies with the native Church in Japan. That Church is the tian Council. The actual number of child of the West's half-century of mis- sionary effort_nd who measures a church members is believed to be much child's worth by his size? larger. A Social Creed for Ja.pa.n The number of Sunday-school pupils By REQUEST of the All-Japan is 158,787, and the amount of offer- Christian Conference the National ings received by the 1,490 churches 717

last year totaled 2,161,387.97 yen going a rapid transformation, affecting (about $1,000,000). In addition, the the social, industrial, political, and money known to have been received every other detail of national life. The by the churches from foreign sources change is chiefly mental and psycho- totals 439,914.16 yen.-Outlook of Mis- logical. It may not be so spectaCUlar, sions. but is is as significant as that occa- sioned at the time of reconstruction Quarter Century in Korea and development of the nation follow- ABOUT twenty-five years ago Dr. J. ing the Meiji Restoration." .

ft Fairman Preston, of the Southern The vital question is whether moral Presbyterian Church, landed in Mokpo, growth will be outstripped, and moral Korea. At that time there were only fibre be unequal to the strain. Mr.

six scattered groups of Christians in Kagawa estimates that sixty per cent aU this field, and but a handful of local of labor looks for a solution of its Christians, few of whom had been bap- problems along materialistic lines ad- tized. Homes were built and a dis- vocated by Karl Marx. Twelve thou- pensary, hospital, boys' and girls' sand each year take refuge in suicide.

school and work started, while the The authorities are looking to religion preaching of the gospel in the country to provide that spiritual element now villages and towns was pressed con- so patently lacking in secular civiliza- stantly. . tion, more especially as a means of After twenty-five years of seed sow- counteracting the dangerous thoughts ing and reaping these six groups of which they fear so much. Newspapers Christians in South Chulla Province can play an important part in this task, have grown to fifty-five organized since the country folk can only be churches with elders and officers, and reached on a wide scale in this way.

250 unorganized groups of Christians each with a church building, 21 or- Korean Surgeon Makes a Name A dained native preachers in this pro- YOUNG Korean man spent four years in Severance Union Medivince alone, all supported by the native Christians, while more than 122 other cal College. AftJr graduating he spent helpers and colporteurs and Bible some time in the Rockefeller Hospital women labor in this section.-Record in Peking. Then he was assistant in of Christian Work. the surgical department of Severance School, and showed such real ability Newspapers as Evangelists that he was given opportunity to H IGHER education is no longer the study in America. He spent a year in privilege of the few in Japan. Northwestern University Me die a I About 1,000,000 students are now en- School, a year in the Hospital for Rup- joying it. In Tokyo alone there are tured and Crippled Children in New more students in college and university York as an assistant, and received his grade than in the whole of the British degree from Northwestern University.

Isles. In commerce, despite the inevi- He then went back to Korea, and dur- table post-war slump and the earth- ing the year of furlough of the mis- quake, Japan is now consolidating her sionary surgeon, young Dr. Lee car- markets on the mainland of Asia, while ried the work of the surgical depart- her coal has already displaced British ment, doing operations such as only coal as far as Suez. Politically, Japan the "big gun" surgeons get opportu- stands higher than she has ever done. nity to do. One day at a meeting of Her statesmen have been called in to the Medical Missionary Association help solve the problems of Europe. As about thirty or forty missionary doc- one of Japan's writers and publicists, tors from the United States, Canada, Dr. Washio, of Waseda University, ex- Great Britain, and Australia sat upon pressed it recently: "Japan is under- the benches and watched young Dr.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Lee operate. Those who went to the will win back the wanderers to the Orient to show them how to do it were fold of the church.-The Church Over- in turn shown how it should be done. seas.

-Christian Advocate.

AUSTRALIA AND THE ISLANDS Philippine Problems Response to a Oall SIXTY delegates from every section of the Philippines last March dis- T HE Methodist Church of Australia cussed at a round table conference led reports a list of forty new appoint- by Dr. John R. Mott the problems ments to the mission field, the largest common to all. The dominating note number of workers ever sent out in a was to plan a concerted attack upon single year by this Society. Eleven such questions as: Reaching an inare ministers going to Tonga, Samoa, creasing number of the best young Fiji, New Britain, Papua and North people for Christian leadership; meet- Australia; six are well trained young ing an enlarging evangelistic opporwomen teachers, who will widen the tunity in the Islands; securing an horizon of girls in Tonga, Fiji and ideal relation between the younger Papua; five are trained nurses, two churches in the Philippines and the are medical men; three are laymen older churches in America; augmentwho will relieve the strain of business ing our financial resources to meet our management and two will work in agri- enlarging opportunities; and further cultural institutions. The remainder promoting the fullest cooperation and of the 40 are missionary wives. Sev- unity in the Philippines. eral of the recruits have given up salaries more than double that offered by The Conference expressed the dethe mission. All the stations in the sire to correct the impression that the Pacific, North Australia and India are evangelistic opportunity in the Philnow filled.-The Missionary Review. ippines is passing, and declared that Christian forces were never so numer- The Maoris of New Zealand ous and favorable, this being espe- cially true of the educated classes and T HE Archbishop of New Zealand student youth. writes in regard to the consecration of Rev. F. A. Bennett to work among The Philippine churches were Maoris: called to an increased study and prac- tice of Christian Stewardship. Though The step which has been taken is in a hearty response ought to augment the nature of an experiment, and if it materially the financial resources of is found to work satisfactorily the next the Islands, our staggering opportu- ·step will be in the direction of creating a Maori diocese, as was tentatively nities will be far from met. The apdone by the general synod of 1925. peal was therefore sounded to the Church in America to expand gener- The Maori race, which now numbers ously its subscriptions. It was heartabout 70,000, has in recent years been ening to note the reiterated desire exmuch disturbed by the claims and pressed by Filipino leaders for a teaching of the most recent Maori systematic reduction of mission aid to prophet, Ratana, who, commencing a~ established churches, thus to release a faith healer and opponent of Maorl mission funds for the great advance superstitions and tokungas, has devel- which must be made. – Philippine oped a rival schismatic church, largely Presbyterian. on national and political lines, and has caused a serious cleavage in the ranks of the members of the church. There NORTH AMERICA is ample evidence that his mana is on World Sel"rice Commission T the wane and it is confidently hoped HE sixth annual meeting of the World Service Commission of the that Bishop Bennett, by his winning personaHty, spirituality and eloquence, Methodist Episcopal Church was held

in the Chicago Temple, July 23d. The dent world is the repetition of the very total receipts for proportionate distri- thing of which Burke complained more bution among the constituent boards than a century ago. 'Such is now the during the fifth W~rld Service year misfortune of our age that everything were $6,573,261.27, an increase of is to be discussed as if the truth of $696,104.20. Non-distributable re- religion were always to be a subject ceipts of the World Service Commis- rather of altercation than of enjoysion were $1,388,637.36, a decrease of ment."-Sunday School Times. $395,109.88. The net increase of receipts of both types was $30,994.37. Jewish Christians in U. s. Total receipts were $7,961,898.63. A SURVEY of Jewish congregations Funds distributed during the year in this country has recently been were as follows: Board of Foreign made by Dr. H. S. Linfield, Director Missions, $2,482,300.06; Board of of the Statistical Department of the Home Missions, $2,482,300.06; Board American Jewish Committee. The figof Education, $1,196,892.24; Board of ures may be accepted as SUbstantially Hospitals, Homes and Deaconess Work, correct, as a very careful canvass was $114,874.84; Board of Temperance, made. The statistics deal only with Prohibition and Public Morals, $109,- permanent congregations. 563.13; Board of Pensions and Relief, $106,046.44; . American Bible Society, The canvass shows that there are $81,285, a total of proportionately dis- 2,948 congregations in the United tributed disbursements amounting to States. Of these 2,855 are in urban $6,573,261.27. places with a population of 2,500 and over. There are 98 congregations in Sixteen areas showed a gain in re- rural areas. These figures show that ceipts for World Service during the there is in the United States one confifth year, and five showed a loss. Six- gregation for every 1,386 Jewish men, ty-one Conferences showed a gain and women and children.-Our Jewish twenty-eight showed a loss.-The Neighbors. Christian Advocate. Training Negro Ministers New Student League THE major problem in the evangel- THE League of Evangelical Students ization of the Negroes lies in pro- has been organized in colleges and viding them with a sound and universities as well as in training adequately trained Christian ministry schools and seminaries. At Bucknell from among their own people. The it recently raised a thousand dollars number of Negro young men offering for a Bucknell missionary in Brazil. themselves for the Gospel ministry to- At Hampden-Sydney it has a colored day is far too small to enable the mission, two outpost Sunday-schools, Church properly to cope with the task and one midweek prayer service, hav- of evangelizing these people. The ing obtained a little log cabin for its Snedecor Memorial Synod, composed prayer-meetings. Marion College car- of four Negro Presbyteries, reported ries on work at the county jail and the on March 31, 1928, nine candidates for county infirmary and house-to-house the ministry, three licentiates, and visitation has been followed with forty-six ordained ministers. There marked results. are about fifteen young men at Still- man Institute who are looking forward Rev. Winfield Burggraaff says: "It to the ministry. These figures indicate wishes to stand alone, cutting itself the Negro's present contribution of loose from those organizations which man-power throughout the Southern have hitherto represented the Chris- Presbyterian Church for the evangeltian life upon the campus of the Amer- ization of more than nine millions of ican college and university. In our his own people. Furthermore, the isolation is our strength. In our stu-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

present educational equipment of the five bed hospital for the Indian Mis- Negro ministry as a whole is unequal sion at Ganado, Arizona. to the task that lies before it. The education of the average Negro preach- Twenty-six thousand patients from er is extremely inadequate. The Negro an area sixty miles square were treated people are rapidly embracing the op- last year in the hospital and dispensary portunities of an education and this at Ganado. This partly explains why fact necessitates better preparation on the present building, with a capacity the part of those who are to lead them of only twenty-four beds, is so pitifully in spiritual things. Experience teaches inadequate. In addition to this growthat those communities and peoples ing medical service, the Board of Nawho have made the least progress in tional Missions is maintaining at this education and in religion need the very point a mission church, community best men obtainable. A mediocre man center and a training school for Navamay make a blunder in laying the foun- jo boys and girls. dation in a backward community that only long years of hard labor can over- Course on Latin America come. THE Secretary of the Hartford Sem- To meet the demands for better inary Foundation and the Kennedy trained men, Stillman Institute has School of Missions announces a special been laboring for fifty-three years.- course on Latin America for mission- Presbyterian· Survey. ary candidates and furloughed mis- sionaries, which is to be given at Ezel-"Showing the Way" Hartford during the first semester be- ginning September 24, 1929, and con- EZEL, Kentucky, is not an average tinuing through January 20, 1930. community. Its original name was The aim of the course is to provide a Mortonsville, but fifty years ago a half year of special work which will post office was opened and the govern- fit the missionary to improve his servment required a new name. From the ice in the new opportunities confrontstory of David and Jonathan came ing Evangelical Missions among the the name, Ezel, the stone meaning cultured classes of Latin America. Dr. "showing the way." Its inhabitants S. G. Inman, Dr. J. Orts-Gonzales, Dr. claim ancestry of Scotch Irish and Charles T. Paul and others will coop- French Huguenot, and these qualities erate as special lecturers and 'as mempromise fruitful returns for work bers of the Hartford faculty. The done among them. tuition for the special course will be $25, with a registration fee of $5. The Women's Board of the United There will be accommodations in the Presbyterian Church established a men's and women's dormitories on the work there five years ago, erecting a campus for a limited number of single church and a school for grades and men and women. The cost of room and high school, in which seven teachers board for women will be $137.50 for give secular and spiritual instruction the semester. The cost of a single to the 130 pupils of a fine type of room in Hosmer Hall for men is $35 mentality. Industrial instruction is for the semester. The board averages also given under the supervision of about $6.50 a week. Apartments for the pastor's wife, Mrs. H. M. Britain, married couples, with or without chiland their four looms turn out rugs, dren, can be secured near the campus counterpanes and other articles. at rates of from $35 to $55 per month, but early application is suggested. New Hospitals for Indians Will those who are interested ad- THE executive committee of the Presbyterian Board of National dress Dean Edward Warren Capen, 55 Missions has voted to erect a seventy- Elizabeth Street, Hartford, Connecti- 5 cut? .

LATIN AMERICA means indicates all the Indians have Church Peace in Mexico done.

WITH the settlement of the dispute The erection of the church, which between the Roman Catholic Church and the Mexican government has a length of seventy feet, width priests are now, for the first time since August 1, 1926, conducting services in forty-three feet, and height of walls the churches and ministering to the Catholic citizens of the land. The basis sixteen feet, a ten-foot veranda, height of this settlement is: (1) The Mexican Government will allow the Cath- of steeple from ground sDixf tlyu-mfivbeer.feeIt~ olic hierarchy to designate those priests required a large amount who are to register in compliance with Mexican laws; (2) Religious instruc- a cDuntry where lumber is very extiDn, while nDt permitted in the schDDls (which is specified in the CDnstitu- pensive, it is impossible to think of tiDn), will be permitted within the churches, and (3) Catholic prelates are building a church like this-our "Cagiven the right, as granted every Mexican citizen, to apply for a mDdification thedral Df the Indians"-if the lumber Df the constitution. has to be bought. It would have cost Mexico's Church-State dispute began in 1855, when a democratic revDlution nearly five thousand dollars. But the broke out against Santa Ana. The revolutionists suppressed ecclesiastical Indians were willing to saw their own courts which tried civil cases; forbade lumber and bring it free of cost. To sawall this by hand means much hard work under a tropical sun, and it took t~em nea~ly a year. With the excep- hon of a httle help which the mission- ary gave them in the form of beans and rice, they supplied their own food' the women cooked while the me~ wDrked. Heathen and Christian worked side by side.-Moravian Re- port.

the church tD hold property not used Rome Revives in Argentina fDr religiDus or charitable purpDses; provided for the return of property so ARGENTINA has been a country in- held to the state; forbade the church to assume exclusive authority over 1". different to both Protestant and education and sought to abolish monasteries .and monastic vows. After the Catholic religiDn. Materialism has revolution subsided these laws were prevailed, but within the past year an largely dead letters until the regime of awakening is nDted, especially within Plutarco Calles, himself an anti-cleri- the RDman Catholic Church, as evical, when a serious attempt was made denced by a recommendation from a tD enforce them. The result of his ef- leading bishop that the Bible should fDrts practically put the church under be read, and the forming of a CathDlic state cDntrDl and compelled the foreign missionary organization with the obpriests of Mexican churches to discon- ject of spreading their faith in every tinue the exercille of their priestly tDwn, village and school of the land. :functions. This organization has recently printed and sold 100,000 copies of the fDur Gospels, and has also created a holi- day, calli~g it "The Day of the Gospel."

Every mght some distinguished pre- New Church for Indians late broadcasts an evangelistic sermon.

By THE dedication of a new Mora- Protestant Sunday-school methods are vian church at Bilwas Karma, Nic- being adopted, and even tent meetings aragua, the people attained the goal of are being held.

their ambition. The dedicatory serv- But these are merely counter attacks ices were attended by more than 500, against Christian missiDns, and as they and the offerings amounted to $350. themselves frankly state "to rid the It represented great sacrifice on the country of the pernicious religious in- part of the Indians. But this by no fluences which have ruined the United

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

States and other Protestant coun- EUROPE tries." Their avowed purpose is to Glasgow Hits Gambling form a coalition between Spain and all SCOTLAND has convictions regard- Latin American countries, discourag- ing betting and gambling, and has ing cordial relations between the Unit- a National League for carrying out ed States and Argentina. But even those convictions. The Secretary of this fanaticism is less obstinate than the League, Rev. F. E. Watson, materialism. brought an attempted gambling coup to the attention of the sheriff's procura- Venezuela Earthquake tor fiscal of Glasgow, at the same time T HE Orinoco River mission of Vene- reminding him of section forty-one of zuela is evangelical and undenomi- the Lotteries Act, and asking if there national. Its headquarters are at was any act that gave legal sanction to Carupano, Venezuela. One of its mis- the sweepstakes in Glasgow. If not, sionaries, Miss Helen R. Brown, sends what was he going to do about it? And to The Sunday School Times an ac- this is what he did: After consulting count of the earthquake of January crown counsel he informed the sweep- 17th, which centered in Eastern Vene- stakes promoters that they would be zuela, resulting in the death of 50 per- liable to prosecution. That settled it.

sons, the wounding of 800 more and There are signs that the courageous financial loss amounting to $10,000,000. action of Glasgow will be followed in In the twenty-five to thirty seconds other centers both north and south of during which the earth shook as if in a the Tweed. It is but a part of the great huge sieve, the artifice and prowess of social movement in which the Scottish man of several centuries was made nil. The city became instead of a proud, busy churches have taken a leading part.- center of industry, commerce and varied New Outlook. life, a vast ruin, a screaming multitude frenzied with fear …… From the whole Y. M. C. A. in Barcelona city there arose a cloud of yellow dust, and the sun had a peculiar yellow glare. T HE Barcelona Christian Associa- Everyone was in the street, crying, call- tion was founded five years ago ing upon God, the saints, and the Virgin. with less than a dozen members, and Everywhere were signs of ruin. I had met in a dark, tin-roofed garage. It many an opportunity to speak of God, now counts 157 active members, repreexhorting the people to put their trust in senting eleven nationalities with Spanthe Saviour …… A cathedral that was ish in large majority. It seeks to being built and which the bishop had present Christ to young men without blessed several months before, and cursed respect to material, cultural, or politithe Protestants, was leveled to the cal interests. It brings them in conground. The governor's new house, fac- tact with the Bible by regular study tories and buildings became piles of debris. All the churches, chapels, and grottoes of the images were partially or totally destroyed ….. . courses and lectures, and confronts them with the problems of a life of For five days we ate, slept and lived faith. For leisure hours there is a out in the open square in front of the library whose contents increase from mission house in wind, dust, rain, sun. year to year, games of various sorts, Every family in the whole city slept and and a sports ground rented principally lived out of doors, though now quite a for the use of the boys' department. number have gone back to living under a roof. Over half the popUlation left Cumana for other parts, especially the upper class. The United States and other The Gospel in Paris governments as well as this government and many groups and individuals sent ANEW Gospel Hall has been opened tents, clothes, food, and other supplies, by the pastor of the Montmartre so that the city was quite well taken care Tabernacle in a section of Paris called of, though there is still great need in the Zone Noire. A member of the many parts. It is even yet a city of tents French Academy thus describes this and hit-or-miss living, with much misery, district: fear and sorrow.

"The Black Zone is inhabited by a centuries of existence of this, the largmixetl crowd of rag and bone dealers, est of all Protestant communions. dangerous ruffians, and many jailbirds. We have unforgettable visions of these The Lutheran section of the Chrisveritable 'Negro villages' where un- tian Church has not only retained its speakable huts shelter badly an ever- identity as a leading denomination, but increasing population living in sinister still exhibits that sturdy independence and dangerous promiscuity. Material and tenacious adherence to its distincpoverty is nothing as compared to mor- tive tenets which Martin Luther himal poverty. There is not a notion of self frequently demonstrated. The right and wrong in those souls. They supreme valuation of doctrines, which are gradually returning to savagery. made that leader of the Reformation One can imagine how impressive it was an impossible party to proposed comwhen in this new Gospel Hall a hun- promises, plus the civic and economic dred children sang Gospel hymns and uses to which evangelical principles recited the wonderful story of Jesus' were put by sixteenth-century kings birth. Fifty mothers and fathers were and princes, have produced a score and there." more of national churches. All of these adhere to about the same creedal ten- On the 31st of January last, obliga- ets and use the same handbook to tions on the building costs amounting instruct their youth for church memto 20,000 fr.ancs fell due. On the 27th, bership, but no common form of orattention was called to the need with ganization was undertaken until the the word that the Lord would help present decade. It took the shock of when they had done all possible them- the World War, and the terrible hardselves. Wednesday a young man called. ships that followed 1918, to bring the He had come from the country to seek need of an international connection inwork and his father had given him to an actuality. enough to live on until he was settled. He wanted to give a part of this to the The present Lutheran Church has building costs. "To our amazement he three divisions. The section of Gerhanded us 8,000 francs. All through many and adjacent Germanic offshoots Wednesday came a stream of members reflects reformation controversies, and friends bringing their gifts, the Catholic, Calvinistic and composite. result of real sacrifice. After supper a The Scandinavian group comprises brother came to express to us his love state churches of Norway, Sweden, and attachment to the church, putting Denmark and Finland, which went solin our hands ten thousand francs."- idly over to the evangelical principles Sunday School Times. but retained much of the Catholic or- ganization. The third group, smallest Lutherans Move Toward Union numerically, is American. These re- tain the doctrines of the European ON THE Four Hundreth Anniver- groups, but have few of the ritualistic sary of the date that Martin Lu- forms and no relationships with the ther made public his catechisms, 250 State. All three groups are engaged delegates, representing .sixty church in extensive mission work among nonorganizations in twenty countries, Christians.-Christian Herald. cOmprising about 70,000,000 members, assembled in Copenhagen, Denmark, Jews of Cracow for the Second World Convention of the Lutheran Church. The first was CRACOW has a Jewish population of held in 1923, and the purpose of the 52,292, out of a total population of convention this year, June 26 to July 206,829. These Jews are so intensely 4, was to strengthen the organization religious that there is a proverb "As started at that time. This was but the pious as a Cracow Jew." Some one has second world convention in the four observed that if these men became Christians, we should see a type simi-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

lar to their ancient brethren, of whom from any town with a missionary.

it is said in Acts 17: 16, that "they From two to five thousand gather at turned the world upside down." A the weekly markets in each district and worker among these people tells in The most of these markets are approached Jewish Missionary Herald of an ortho- by roads passable in good weather.

dox young Jew whose surprise was These untouched tribes make a re- unbounded when he found that in. markably promising field for Christian books which dealt with Jesus as the evangelism.-Sunday School Times.

Messiah there were so many citations from the Jews' own Holy Bible. "From In the Barbary States T my childhood," he said, "I was taught HE present staff of the North Afri- ca Mission numbers 105-79 womthat only to Jews who believed in God and kept His law is the Messiah prom- en and 26 men-at 27 stations in the ised and that He would deliver them Barbary States. Mr. Harvey Farmer, from their long exile and restore the general secretary, reports open doors Jewish Kingdom, and as I read I on every hand.

thought, 'what has the Jewish message "The willingness to listen was never to do with Gentiles?' I could not ex- more marked, and while there are plain the mystery and have been hop- many adversaries and much opposition, ing to talk with you about it." After an ever increasing number are brought much conversation, he said: "I see now under the sound of the Word of the that the truth about the Messiah is Lord. The sale of Scripture portions entirely different from what I and my to Jews, Moslems and others continues people believe." He was given a New to increase. Our receipts, however, are Testament, looked at the title, and joy- quite inadequate to meet the demands fully put it in his pocket. of the work. Our income of £11,113 last year was rather higher than in AFRICA 1927, but our responsibilities were Evangelism in Morocco £3,090 in excess of this."

MOROCCO has recently been made In connection with this urgent need more accessible to the Gospel. a day was set apart for prayer, and on Mr. Charles C. Gabriel and his associ- May 21st it was announced that over ates have visited some 130 of its 450 £4,000 had been received for this work.

market places, some of them a number -The Christian.

of times. At least six thousand copies of Gospels have been bought by Mos- Growth on the Niger lems. The truth preached-the lost AT ST. PETER'S Church, Okrika, state of man, the Sonship of Christ, t.West Africa, on January 13th, three His sacrificial death and resurrection African priests and one European is wearing down opposition. Markets priest, and ten deacons were ordained where at first there was a great tumult, to service in the Episcopal Church on after a number of visits, have become the Niger, this being the largest num- quiescent if not friendly, and friendly ber ever ordained at one time in that from the conviction that the teaching diocese. It was an interesting coinci- given is true. "Time and time again dence that each of the candidates for we have seen the crowd silenced by the priest's orders represented a different declaration from some one present that language and tribe, there being one we are true believers and are preach- lbo, one native of Brass, one of new ing what is true." An automobile Calabar, and one European. Three or serves as pulpit and tent. The crowd four thousand people were present at gathering about it numbers at times the service, including Bishop Howells, fifty, but more often three to five hun- the African assistant bishop, and dred. This mission is aiming not at Archdeacon Crowther, son of the late townspeople, but at the five million who Bishop Crowther, and himself a vet- live in the country up to fifty miles eran of eighty-five years.

The rush of children into the schools a letter was read from Mr. W. H. continues. There is hardly one of all Laughton of Meru, in which he said: the numerous schools which is not obliged to turn away boys anxious to Perhaps the best message I can send is attend, because neither accommodation this: if the local preachers in the homenor staff is available to meet the de- land can equal the achievements of some mand. In Onitsha, the headquarters of our teachers here in East Africa, of the mission, there are about one whose educational advantages have never hundred boys at the secondary school carried them beyond the Standard IV and about a thousand at the primary point, they will have little difficulty in and infants' schools, but with adequate "getting the goods across,"-if such a staff there is no doubt that two or phrase may be permitted. For a thorthree hundred more would be at the ough grasp of a situation, the signifischool within a week. Six years ago cance and application of a text, the the total school staff was under ten, sermons of these native local preachers today the number is nearly 40. All are nothing short of astounding, especithe other schools have increased in ally when it is considered that to their much the same way.-The Church fathers Jesus Christ was not even a Overse!1S. name.

Medical Mi••ion for the Gold Ooast Education in Dema.nd THE Basei Mission has laid the cor- I N UGANDA there is everywhere a ner stone for a new mission hospital demand for education, even among in Agogo. The buildings are to in- raw tribes, and this facilitates the clude a hospital for the natives, a rest starting of out-schools, and the believhouse for Europeans and dwellings for ers are zealous to read. In many places the physician and nurses. The Eng- the natives will build a school, collect lish Chief Commissioner, Sir John the teacher's wage, and send into the Maxwell, said: "Basel missionaries Mission Station begging for a teacher. have built the first good road from the This brings with it a great opportucoast to the interior and before anyone nity. else thought of it, the Basel missionaries, seeing the dearth of artisans in In the Congo, the value of reading this country, have worked successfully has yet to be appreciated, and the deto help out in this matter. This mis- sire to be taught to read is looked upsion, four decades ago has taken the on by the ordinary native as an art greatest pains to train young men of for little boys to acquire, and the the people to be carpenters, black- spread of the Gospel is hindered. smiths and shoemakers. This resulted in blessings not only to the country it- The work in all stations will be self, but along the entire west coast of strengthened by the completion of Mr. Africa these artisans of the Basel mis- Norman Grubb's translation of the sion were known and sought after, New Testament.-The Christian. from Sierra Leone down to the Congo. Thus the Gold Coast was a famous Livingstone Memorial country in all West Africa, before the other colonies were hardly mentioned. T HE Scottish national memorial to This fame the Gold Coast owes to the David Livingstone is nearing com- Basel mission."-Allg. Miss. Nachr. pletion. All the squalid tenements around it have been demolished, and Tribute to African Preachers his actual birthplace in Blantyre, Scotland, with the adjoining houses of NATIVE African preachers were Shuttle row, have been transformed paid a high tribute at a recent from a dirty slum into a suitable mu- Conference at Oxford, England, when seum. Ten acres of surrounding ground are being laid out as a recre- ation park and open-air theatre. The roads on which unemployed miners have been working are nearly finished. At the formal opening are to be eight tableaux depiciting scenes from his

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

life. Among' the latest curios and clothes, hair plastered with clay, dull, relics that have been donated for ex- indifferent, boldly clamoring for beer, hibition is the chistening shawl in dwelling in a filthy hut. The second, which the baby David was carried for dressed in clean print, friendly and baptism. It is 15 feet long and 5V2 polite, her home tidy and appreciative feet wide, woven with Paisley silk in of higher things. Many of these older exquisite coloring and design. Christian women possess a natural tact which makes their opinions worth David Livingstone's grandson, Dr. knowing.-Moravian Report. Hubert Wilson, a medical missionary for 15 years in Chitambo, at· present WESTERN ASIA home on furlough, has just resigned, owing to family health reasons, and Turks and the Bible expects to settle and practice in this country. His sister, Mrs. Alexander 1 HE LONDON DAILY TELE- MacDonald, continues the noble tradi- GRAPH reports a complete change tion of her grandfather as the wife of of attitude towards foreign religious an ordained missionary at Chasefu, in schools on the part of the Turks. A Livingshmia.–Ch.risti{l.n Century. fierce campaign against such schools had been proceeding in the newspapers, Training Boys to Teach and an association had been formed which aimed at government support to THE boys of the Sona Bata board- expel all Christian missionaries. ing school, Sona Bata, Belgian Congo, are required to teach between their The schools had definitely decided to second and third years of school, thus close down on account of the stringent showing the sincerity of their desire regulations against teaching the Bible. to learn that they may teach. P. A. But they have now been officially in- MacDiarmid writes that more than six- formed that there is no longer any obty-nine have gone out to teach in the jection to their giving religious lessons last three years. Most of these have or services to non-Moslem pupils, proschools with from twenty to forty chil- vided that the latter attend of their dren, and several of them are holding own free will, with the consent of their posts in far away villages among parents or guardians. strange tribes.-Watchman-Examiner. This general attitude on the part of Moravians in South Africa the Turks is indicative that the policy hitherto followed of mere toleration of MAY, 1929, marked the 100th anni- foreign schools will henceforth be versary of the founding of the abandoned, and that on the contrary Moravian Mission at Shiloh, East these institutions will in future receive South Africa. From a small beginning every encouragement from the authorihave come 12,500 baptized chprch mem- ties. There is even the question of bers, 13 principal stations, 45 out-sta- omitting the non-Moslem stipulation.- tions, and 150 preaching places, with Alliance Weekly. a staff of 26 European missionaries, 12 native ministers, and over 300 native Bible Revision in Turkey helpers, both men and women. When the last figures were taken there were T HE British and Foreign Bible So- 55 schools, with 4,285 scholars and 120 ciety in conjunction with the Amernative teachers, and also 85 scholars in ican Bible Society is placing the the seminary at Myenyane. Scriptures before the Turkish people in the new characters which were made If one is seeking evidence of the compulsory at the beginning of the leavening power of Christianity, it is New Year. Mr. James Russell, the interesting to compare a heathen wom- Bible Society's assistant-secretary at an with an average church member of Constantinople, states: "It was felt Shiloh. The first is clad in dirt-soaked that as the Turks prefer the Book of Proverbs to any other portion of the

:Bible, it would be advisable to begin pelled to give up their ancient cos- with its publication first, and that it tume. These changes are influencing would greatly assist its readers if it the attitude of the Persians toward were in the two forms of writing, the all things modern and foreign, includ- "new on one page and the old on the ing literature. Men who formerly opposite page. It was felt also that could not come in contact with the such an edition would assist the Presi- Christians at all, or read Christian dent in his great scheme of teaching books, now avail themselves of this every man, woman and child to read, new freedom which has been thrust and that consequently the government upon them and are ready to read and would look upon the work with a be- discuss new ideas without endanger- nevolent eye. There is another edition ing their standing in the community.

in the new characters only." The Bible The Shah is keen on education, and Society's agent reports that the sale many books from English and French is encouraging. The opportunity has are being translated so that the debeen taken to study the whole question mand is increasing, and the missionof revision, in regard to grammar as aries are endeavoring to meet it. well as alphabet, and a committee of experts in Turkish, Hebrew and Greek A recent convert from Islam, a has been formed for the purpose. As well educated young man from Yezd, many Persian and Arabic words as saw a catalogue of Evangelical books possible are to be eliminated and pure- and was delighted. He said, "I had no ly Turkish words substituted. idea that there was so much Christian literature! I must start studying at once."

An Uncontrovertible Gospel MR. BOERGER of the Lutheran INDIA Orient Mission tells of a man, whom he called a load carrier, who Evangelizing in Bands brought a little boy to his station. EvANGELISTIC campaigns by "Miss Gudhart washed the boy, and bands of Indian Christians, who we picked the maggots out of the sores arrange to set aside one week for this on his head. It was not a pleasant task, special effort, are becoming a striking for the stench was almost unbearable. feature of Christian enterprise in In- But we cleaned him up, fed him, and dia. Christians in and near Gorakhclothed him. Today he is well and pur, with the help of the missionaries, hearty and now for the first time in set apart a week in March for a gospel his life he is learning something of the campaign. Their aim was to visit as love of God in word and deed. He is many as possible of the towns and viltelling everyone of his new found lages within a forty-mile radius, each friends, of what they have done for on its special bazaar day. Sometimes him, and what they mean to him." they fouIJd unwillingness to buy the This is the kind of a Gospel that ad- gospels at a farthing each; often the mits of no contradiction. reply came: "Noone in my house can read" ; but during the week nearly Changes in Persia 5,000 copies were sold, and there were many opportunities of telling the Gos- APERSIAN correspondent writes pel story to those who had never heard. that this ancient land is changing Taljhari is the oldest C. M. S. stavery rapidly. Age long customs are tion among the Santals. Latterly many giving place to Western ideas and of the Christians have been growing modern civilization. The Shah in- slack and their low moral standard has sists that turbans and flowing robes been a source of anxiety. Last autumn shall give place to hats and European special services were held in Taljhari suits. Many venerable turbaned men and in some of the villages near by. As have wept like children when com- a result 130 Christians volunteered to

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

help in a week's evangelistic campaign. day, and when the invitation was Teachers went out with a magic lan- given thirteen adults arose. In evitern and took turns in speaking about dence of their sincerity they cut from the pictures illustrating our Lord's life their necks, arms and legs cotton to audiences numhering up to 200. string necklaces and anklets to the Other parties went out in the day time number of a thousand pieces. These visiting some thirty different villages. "magic" circlets, each having seven By the end of the week fifty people had knots tied in them, are supposed to given in their names, wishing for fur- avert typhoid and small pox. Closest ther teaching.-Church Missionary attention was paid to all the addresses. Outlook. -Baptist Missionary Review.

Matrons' Conference CHINA CONFERENCE for matrons, to Christian Missions Reviewed A discuss boarding school problems, N THE Atlantic Monthly for May, 1929, Prof. K. S. Latourette ap- I was arranged by the Women's Association for Christian Education of Mad- praises the work of Christian missions ras. Twenty-seven delegates – ma- in China. trons, nurses, and some teachers met, The Roman Catholics have been in from February 19th to 21st, in Chit- China since the 16th century and the toor. Group discussions led to the fol- missionaries number today about lowing conclusions: thirty-one hundred, the majority com- (1) All matters of discipline should be ing from Latin Europe. It is estimated kept out of school prayer services. that there are about two and a quarter (2) A place should be set apart exclusively.for purposes of meditation and million members of their communion worship—both private and corporate. in the Chinese Republic or three times the number of 25 years ago. (3) Children should be allowed to select hymns they like, to talk on topics, Protestant missions have only been or offer prayers, prepared beforehand, in China for a century, the Protestant and to compile a hymn book of their own. community today numbering about half a million, and the number of mis- (4) Responsive prayers, and readings with response, may be prepared to suit the needs and the experiences of the chil- sionaries being in the neighborhood of dren. 4,000. While there are one hundred and sixty different Protestant societies (5) The form of service may be varied at work in China, over half the misby changing the order and by introducing silent prayer. (6) Open-air meetings may occasionally be arranged. sionary force is under twelve societies and most of them are engaged in co- (7) Indian musical instruments may operative enterprises which bring be used to help the children keep time in them into close association. In a simsinging.

Psychology and discipline, hygiene, ilar manner the Roman Catholic miswise use of leisure time and the spir- sionaries represent over 40 different itual side of a matron's work were sub- orders but cooperate in matters of genjects discussed at length.-National eral policy. Christian Council Review. In closing Prof. Latourette says: "Christian missions with all their mis- The Truth Advances in Burma takes and shortcomings, have been and are of inestimable service to China.

AN ENCOURAGING field is that in No one knows what the future of .t:. the Pegu Yomas, west of Toun- China is to be, whether the nation is to goo in Burma. The inhabitants are disintegrate or whether it is to pro- largely animist in belief. A group duce a new and richer culture. If a from the Bwe Baptist School con- newer and finer China emerges, as ducted meetings in a large animist some of us have faith to anticipate, it village during their Christmas holi- will be in part because in the days of

its transition there were unselfishly Inland Mission, reported that Moham- labouring in it thousands of foreigners medan raiders annihilated the male in- who sought to bring it in touch with habitants of the city and looted the the best that the Occident had to give." homes. Only a few women were killed, mostly those who attempted to shield Higher Education in China the men.

T HERE are 16 higher Christian Religious fanaticism was given as schools in China that confer aca- the motive for the raid and there has demic degrees. They are attended by been a Moslem rebellion in Kansu 12,000 students of whom 670/0 are Province for some time. Christian. The alumni number 4,000 and of these 57% are Christian, who The raid on Tankar (Dangar), ochold positions in church and school.- curred during the winter and was de- Allg. Miss. Nachr. scribed as the most gruesome in the long history of Moslem outbreaks in One Language for China China.

A SPECIAL correspondent to the The Moslems made a butchery of New Yark Times from Shanghai the male inhabitants because "it was writes that the Ministry of Education the will of Allah that if a Moslem kills in the National Government of China ten Chinese he will surely go to parahas announced a program to popularize dise." the use of Mandarin as the official, and, eventually, the only language in all Chinghai Province was created last China. The presence of numerous dia- year out of the northwestern part of lects in various parts of the country Kansu and is one of the famine areas. has long been one of the chief barriers Dangar is east of the Tibetan border to unity. between Siningfu and Lake Koko-nor. The town was filled with starving ref- At present, whenever a man of prom- ugees who had assembled there in the inence makes an address, he prefers to hope of gaining relief. speak in mandarin, otherwise his audience might think him uneducated and An American Mission Seized unworthy of his high office. ON JULY 16th, says an Associated Difficult as the problem is, the Min- Press dispatch from Amoy, the istry of Education feels that a start American missionaries were informed must be made, hence the National Lan- that Communist troops had occupied guage Unification Committee has been the main buildings of Talmage College appointed. The written language is (belonging to the Reformed Church universally the same throughout Mission) and the mission residence at China, that is, the characters are the Chanchow, fifty miles southwest of same, although there may be some Amoy. The American Consul filed a shades of meaning in various sections protest with the Fukien Commissioner of the country that differ from others. of Foreign Affairs at Amoy.

Mohammedan Uprising Anti-missionary activities in South Fukien have been increasing and there AN ASSOCIATED PRESS dispatch is fear that the property of other misft from Peiping, dated July 29th, re- sions in that area may receive similar treatment. ports that the Mohammedans massacred 20,000 men and boys in the city Chekiang-Shanghai Convention of Tankar (Dangar-ting) in the Province of Kansu-Chinghai. Mr. Findley DURING the annual Baptist Con- Andrews, an American missionary, vention of Chekiang-Shanghai, who has just returned from a three held at Kinhwa, five things stood out months' investigation in the famine as significant: the complete and effecareas of Northern China for the China tive responsibility on the part of the Chinese organization for the whole

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

work of the convention; the important home and carried him and a neighbor part assumed by the women workers; about 200 miles to the south.

the self-sacrifice and consecration evi- One night, as Mr. Dju was sitting dent; the earnestness with which the in the hut he pulled out a little pocket problem of religion in the schools was Testament and as he was reading one considered and perhaps most signifi- of the robbers saw it and asked: cant of all, the meeting of the native "What is that you are reading?" He missionary society. The work has ex- answered that it was the New Testa- panded, the budget has been met and ment. "Are you a Christian?" "N0, the workers are full of enthusiasm, but I am learning the doctrine." "You quickened by their success in meeting are false and trying to deceive us,"

opportunities. said the robber. "I might be false,"

Interest also centered on Kinhwa, said Mr. Dju, "but the Book is not." the place of meeting, because this sta- "Preach to us then," said the robber. tion has suffered severely, and endured "I cannot preach." "Read to us then so calmly and patiently during the past that we might hear what it says. The two years of political disturbance. Spirit of the Lord must have helped Christians were mobbed, residences the man to find the place, for he began used as stables, schools confiscated, one to read: at a later date was partly burned, the Come now, ye rich, weep and howl for church edific,e was desecrated and se- the miseries that are coming upon you. verely damaged, and only the fact that Your riches are corrupted, and your garthe doctor was needed for his profes- ments are moth-eaten. Your gold and sional skill saved him from a firing your silver are rusted; and their rust shall be for a testimony against you, and squad when he boldly admitted that he shall eat your flesh as fire. Ye have laid up your treasures in the last days. Bewas a Christian.-Watchman-Examin- hold, the hire of the laborers who mowed er. your fields, which is of you kept back by fraud, crieth out: and the cries of them Saving American Sailors that reaped have entered into the ears of MISSIONARIES in China are seek- the Lord of Sabaoth. Ye have lived deli- cately on the earth, and taken your pleasing to reclaim American sailors ure; ye have nourished your hearts in who face overwhelming temptation in the days of slaughter. Ye have conforeign ports. Many come from the demned, ye have killed the righteous one; best of homes, but sinful forces drag he doth not resist you. (J as. 5: 1-6.) them down. A missionary in Chefoo He had not read very far before the writes of opening his home to these robbers began to weep. They were boys, some of whom have been remark- overcome by the power of the Word.

ably converted. Some have given them- From then on he received better treat- selves to Christian service, and others ment at their hands, and after a short plan to leave the navy and continue time he was released. He said, "God their education. A Gospel Hall for let me be carried off by robbers in sailors is maintained for these boys.- order to awaken me and bring His S. S. Times. Word to them."-Lutheran News Bul- letin.

Making Robbers Weep MISCELLANEOUS THIRTY miles southwest of Yen- "Intelligence Test" for Missionaries shih, Honan, is a small village which had never heard of Christ a few ARECENT study of 159 missionyears ago. Being a mountainous dis- aries in North China representtrict, robbers find it a good hiding ing five denominations has revealed place and the people suffer many hard- the following interesting facts regardships. A resident of the village, Mr. ing the intellectual standards of thtl Dju, became interested in the Gospel missionary body. The assertion has about a year ago. Robbers entered his frequently been made that the mis-

sionaries are not well educated, either justments, the Council is deeply con- in their own learning or in that of the vinced that, for a long time to come country in which they work. How- the help of missionaries will be re- ever, the results of the investigation, quired in one part of China or another, as read by Mr. Dwight W. Edwards, of for practically every type of work ….

the Peking Young Men's Christian "If the opportunity were but real- Association, before the Peking Mis- ized by students and other young peo- sionary Association, reveal that 127 ple in the older churches, there would of the 174 missionaries are college surely be a large offering of the finest graduates with B.A. degrees, 39 are men and women to come in as fellow members of honorary societies such workers of Chinese Christians in the as Phi Beta Kappa, and 57 have M.A. common service of the Church in this degrees. Furthermore, this group has land. It is our prayer that, in this spent 226 years in graduate study in new day for China, the opportunity home universities, or an average of may be seen and taken by many in the 1.2 years apiece. Only 17 of the total spirit of Christ, who said, 'I am among 174 do not hold degrees of some sort, you as one that serveth.' "

and of these twelve are wives. Two K. T. Paul, president of the Allare business secretaries, one is a India Christian Conference of India, nurse, and one has a distinguished reported for his country at Jerusalem: record as, a student of and a writer "India does want missionaries, as many as you can send. . .. It is the New Missionaries Needed missionary, the human being who lives and loves in the ordinary every- OVER a thousand definite calls for day life of Christ, that is always wel- new missionaries are listed by come. We want missionaries, Christthe Student Volunteer Movement from like missionaries, who will come and the many sending agencies. Over live among us and identify themselves seven hundred and fifty represent with us, who will share with us all definite and immediate opportunities our joys and sorrows in the spirit of for Christian service abroad finan- Christ." cially provided for in 1929. "The Japanese are anxious to co- These are minimum calls. Some boards were unable as yet to report operate with missionaries," wrote exact figures, and others are confident Bishop Kogoro Uzaki, of the Japan that increased missionary giving will Methodist Church, and chairman of the National Christian Council. continue throughout the year, and But in the face of persistent calls make some of the provisional calls for more missionaries from the actual. Nearly one thousand new mis- younger churches abroad, the sending sionaries are expected to sail in 1929, agencies are unable to find sufficient if well qualified candidates are avail- candidates qualified to meet the deable. mand. New student volunteers en- The National Christian Council of rolling in 1928 were but ten per cent China, composed chiefly of Chinese of those of 1920. There is a similar members, at its sixth annual meeting or greater decrease in the number of last October, "faced with deep concern non-student volunteer candidates. Be- the serious situations caused by the cause of this the boards are often uncertainty in many minds as to the unable to pick missionaries of superior need and place for missionaries in the quality.

Christian movement in China." This In view of urgent needs abroad, and Council reported: "In spite of the fact waiting opportunities, will the youth that, in some cases, missionaries have of the churches respond ?-The Chris- withdrawn owing to necessary read- tian Advocate.

books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us

receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Japan Mission Year Book. Edited by tricts are still largely unoccupied by Paul S. Mayer. 12 mo. 506 pp. Kyo either Japanese or foreign Christian Bun Kwan, Ginza, Tokyo. 1928. workers. This means that twenty-six million farmers, one and a half million A remarkable library on Christian fishermen and four and a half million work in Japan has been compiled in laborers are practically unreached the twenty-six volumes of which this with the Christian message. The secis the latest. Each chapter tells the tion on Formosa repays a careful story of some phase of progress or de- reading. The statistics for Japan show scribes present conditions in Japan fifty-six Protestant societies at work and Formosa. Korea is unfortunately with 1,211 foreign missionaries, 4,978 omitted in this volume. Japanese Christian workers, and 188,- 566 baptized Protestant Christians. Not only Christian work but the Other figures relate to educational, political situation and foreign rela- medical and philanthropic work. tions, industrial and economic conditions, religion and education are The policy recommended for the coincluded in the survey. The sections operation of the Japanese Church and on Japan's relations with Russia and foreign missionaries for occupying America, and the internal conditions new fields include the following: in Japan are illuminating. Mr. Okuyama shows why Japan is com- 1. A union theological institution. mitted to a program of peace. Pres- 2. Agreement to avoid overlapping. ent-day Shintoism is revealed as a 3. Better equipment for educational religion of many different sects, wor- institutions. shiping various tutelary deities and 4. More kindergartens. celebrating numerous festivals. It is 5. Trained leadership for social welinteresting to note that the Christian fare work. churches and missions have nearly 6. Interchange of Christian workers 200,000 children under instruction. with other nations. The importance of Sunday-school 7. Discouragement to the introduction teaching is increasingly recognized. of new Christian sects. Work for neglected classes and in the city slums is described in separate The Anatomy of African Misery. Lord Olivier. 12 mo. 234 pp. 68. London. 1927.

chapters and the work and influence Africa was "dark" before the white of the National Christian Council is man entered but many woes have been favorably reported. An important added by traders, adventurers and and suggestive section deals with "The politicians. Lord Olivier has sym- Christian Life and Message in Rela- pathy for the miseries of the African tion to the Non-Christian Faiths." that are due to white exploitation and This points out the cardinal teachings domination. He analyses the causes of Christianity and its superiority to of dissatisfaction and suggests remother religions. In the chapter on un- edies. Slavery has been abolished but occupied fields, we are told that 428 enforced servitude continues. Tribal towns with populations of over 5,000 laws and customs have been made of have no Christian work and rural dis- no effect in districts under white con- 733

trol, but better ways of life have not birth here. He shows the encouraging supplanted the old standards of moral- progress in cooperation, and some of ity and the old methods of education. the results of church union of various Communal tenure of land has been types. He is in favor of the affiliated displaced and the black man is not per- type of community church in rural mitted to settle where he will or to districts but advocates cooperation live according to his ancient custom. rather than union among larger de- Employment in mining and other in- nominations. The bibliography and dustrial centers and in white settle- addenda give much useful information.

ments lower the moral standards and the black man is powerless to combat The Kingdom Without Frontiers. Hugh the evils. Kept down by racial dis- Martin. 96 pp. $1. New York. 1928.

crimination and without the right to "The Bible is a missionary book, not vote, he is under white domination because it contains isolated texts with and laudable ambition to progress is a missionary flavor, but because the discouraged. Lord Olivier believes in main line of argument that binds to- giving the black man a chance to de- gether all its volumes is the exposition, velop in body, mind and spirit-with the unfolding, and the gradual execu- adequate land, freedom to choose his tion of a missionary purpose." This occupation, educational opportunities, sentence from the introduction gives self-government and encouragement the reader a true idea of the contents.

from his white brothers in self-respect The author finds the first message in and industry. the prophets and points out its de- The "Five Fears of South Africa" velopment in the New Testament. The are enumerated as (1) fear of increas- chapter on "The World Outlook of ing competition of natives with Euro- Jesus" is especially helpful and the dis- peans on the wage labor market; (2) cussion of "The Gospel of the Holy fear of increasing native resentment Spirit" clearly reveals the missionary because of white arrogance and dis- impulse among the early Christians.

criminations; (3) fear that white civilization may be infected and the The Humauity of God. John Wright morale of European stock deteriorate; Buckham, D.D. 247 pp. $2.50. New (4) fear of increasing miscegenation; York. 1928. (5) fear of native domination through political franchise. Here is a philosophical discussion of problems arising in the realm of Lord Olivier believes that if the theology, based on the theory of the African is treated fairly and educated universal Fatherhood of God and properly he will be an asset rather theistic evolution. It will not prove than a liability in South Africa. satisfying to those who believe in the "Fatherhood of God" as applying only Protestantism in the United States. Archer to those who have been spiritually B. Bass. 8vo. 364 pp. $3. New "born again." The thesis as stated by York. 1929. the author is: "To maintain that the Dr. Bass was educated as a soldier symbolic conception of God as Father, and a Christian minister and therefore offers an interpretation of religious is a firm believer in closer fellowship experience and a theory concerning and cooperation among Christians the ultimate meaning of man and the rather than in "close communion," al- cosmos, which is not only tenable but though he is a Baptist. His book is is more rational as well as more pro- an informing study of the rise and ductive of human well being than any growth of sectarianism in the Prot- other." There is a wide range of ap- estant Church, its benefits and its plication to this thesis covering the evils. Forty-two Protestant denomina- whole field of human experience.

tions have been imported into Amer- There is a wealth of quotation and ica and 113 new sects have had their allusion to the world's great literature.

BOOKS WORTH READING

The title, "The Humanity of God," is then crossed the span of countries as a misnomer and suggests the possi- far as Europe, where it burned with bilities of false teaching that for- an unsteady gleam for half a century tunately does not develop in the book. and then returned to its native country It is a scholarly and reverent discus- where it continued to burn more modsion of the Fatherhood of God, studied estly as one light beside other and from every possible angle. The love brighter ones. of God is brought into the realm of our spiritual appreciation. The book is a presentation of the role Confucianism played in Europe M. T. SHELFORD. under the influence of the Jesuits and it is written in the beautiful style of Important to Me. By Margaret Slattery. the director of the Ostasien Mission. 12 mo. 93 pp. $1. Boston. 1929. C. THEODORE BENZE. Miss Slattery is never dull; she is always helpful, especially to young Liberia-Old and New. James L. Sibley women. In this little booklet she and D. Westermann. 317 pp. $1.50. draws from her wide experience and Garden City, N. Y. 1928. Christian convictions many useful letters on the care of the body, the edu- A half-forgotten chapter in our hiscation of the mind, the development of tory recalls the fact that the Christian character; the place of religion, the conscience of America was in revolt Bible and the Church, and the in- against human slavery long before the fluence of companions. Throughout Civil War. The beginnings of the she exalts Christ as the great Teacher founding of Liberia in 1820 and onand Helper. Warnings and inspira- ward present a combination of Christion gathered from the lives of young tian idealism as expressed through men and young women are gripping the American Colonization Society, and challenging. The author is widely the striving for liberty on the part of known and loved for what she is and American-born Negroes repatriated for the help she has given to young upon the continent of Africa and a women in solving the life problems, genuine effect upon the part of Amernot by preaching but by inspiring to ican government leaders to atone in higher things. some measure for the terrible crime of past centuries in the introduction Konfuzius in Aller Welt. Theodor De- of African slaves into America. varanne. Hinrichsche Buchhandlung. 5 marks. Leipsig, Germany. Dr. Westermann has contributed five important chapters on the social The sub-title: "A Tragic Chapter and religious life of the inland peoin the History of the Human Soul," ples native to Liberia and Mr. Sibley is explained in the preface as follows: gives a fascinating story of present "It is the tragedy of a fading star conditions in the colony, outlining the which we see before us here. Just work of the Christian missions and as catastrophes take place in space, adding a complete educational proso there lies a catastrophe in the gram which is the outgrowth of his spiritual history of mankind before investigations made in behalf of the us. Eastern Asia turns more to the American Advisory Committee on West now, than to its own past. East- Education. ern Asia becomes more and more aware of the Occident rather of its For a hundred years Liberians own ideals. Eastern Asia is beginning have reproduced the American reto feel that both Occident and Orient publican form of government and belong to God." Christian institutions upon the con- tinent of Africa with a relative de- In the spirit of these words the book gree of success. In the days to come tells the story of a light that sent its Liberia will possess increasing sigrays eastward to Japan across the sea, nificance in respect to the Christian development of the great continent.

American Christians, in the study of thinker, he is conscientious and he African missions, ought to have a bases his objections on Biblical knowledge of the facts given in this grounds. These objections include the book. P. H. J. LERRIGO. claims of the chairman for the au- thority of the Conference, the state- The Outlined Romans. Robert Lee. 104 ment of the aim of missions, the view pp. 3s. London. 1928. of educational work in missions, the advocacy of the church's cooperation These scriptural studies represent with "World Forces," and the policies with reference to native churches and two and a half years of blackboard the training of native leaders. Mr. Allen's missionary policy is evannotes and outlines on the epistle, given gelistic and there is much to be said for his views as to following more at the Mildmay Conference Hall, Lon- fully the apostolic missionary meth- ods. don. Blackboard outlines are like Where Polar Ice Begins. By S. H. Gapp. skeletons-it is hard to create a living Paper 50c. Bethlehem. 1928.

person out of them.

Each page is a subject by itself, and contains a brief outline of a few verses studied; buttressed by chapter and verse. JAMES F. RIGGs.

Forty Names of Satan. By T. C. Horton. The story of Moravian Missions in Pamphlet. 25 pp. 25c. Long Beach, Alaska is a record of pioneering in California. 1928. the Kuskokwim District where the Moravians have thirty-one out-sta- -This is not a cheerful or very in- tions. This booklet contains useful spiring study, but it reveals the va- general information on the territory, riety and activity of the satanic char- its history, people, government and acter. Many names are duplicated in resources, as well as many interesting their significance-as Apollyon and facts about the Eskimos, their char- Abaddon. The most important part of acteristics, habits, religion and work the pamphlet relates to the personality among them. and influence of Satan, giving reason for thanksgiving that he is not victor.

The Changing Family. By George Walter Jerusalem: A Critical Review of "The Fiske, 318 pp. $2.25. Harper Brothers. New York. 1928. World Mission of Christianity." By Roland Allen. Pamphlet. 35 cents. The sub-title to this very informing London. 1928. book is "Social and Religious Aspects Intelligent, conscientious critics, of the Modern Family." Dr. Fiske, like the opposition party in politics, who is a professor in the graduate are useful assets. They are not al- school of Theology at Oberlin, is well- ways agreeable company but they known through his writings which make us watch our step and examine have made his name one to be reckoned our policies and program more care- with in circles of Religious Education.

fully. Mr. Allen is essentially a critic The author champions the idea that of the present policies in missionary the spiritual alone can save the fam- enterprises and he writes cautiously ily. His contention is that the birth but fearlessly. He here reviews the of altruism founded the home. Noth- reports of the Jerusalem Conference ing can seriously threaten it but selfish and frankly finds many faults in the individualism. This would mean a papers presented. The chief criticism reversion to type, a leap back to the of his criticism is that he has searched jungle. It is exactly this danger that so diligently for the faults that he has the ultra-modern family is facing.

not seen any of the virtues. Neverthe- Individualism has run amuck. It is less, it is advisable for the Interna- disintegrating when not under control tional Missionary Council and other of noble spiritual principles.

missionary officials to study Mr. In the past family stability rested Allen's objections. He is a clear on male autocracy. The cost of this

was female servitude. Today minds were heightened beyond

woman has won complete emancipation common measure. Thus their words and is recognized as the equal of man. convey a personal experience with We must therefore seek a new stabil- reality. He thinks this is the only izer and the greatest possible stabil- authority that Biblical authors need izer of the family is vital Christianity. to claim. Here we face the problem which this volume presents. Like much else that With Goethe, Professor Dodd affirms has gone out of the home of today, we that the Bible will grow more beautifind religion missing. Too many mod- ful the more we understand it. The ern homes are on skids. They have chapter on The Content of Old Testano more roots than an airplane. ment Prophecy is an excellent pres- entation of the theory of develop- The chapter on How Religion Stabil- ment. Here we trace the rise of the izes the Home contains the kernel of religious ideal, from the modern point the author's argument. One out of of view, from the most primitive every seven American homes is ulti- forms to the New Testament era. mately broken by divorce, but prob- Higher criticism is declared to be, not ably ninety-eight per cent of really a series of elaborate guesses, hut cer- Christian homes are never broken in tain conclusions scientifically reached. this way at all, because religion is the best possible insurance against it. J. F. RIGGS.

In suggesting the constructive rem- NEW BOOKS edy for the situation, the author happily avoids the noticeably weak The Great Tribulation and the Second Comsolutions of many books on home life ing of Christ. W. E. Biederwolf. 32 pp. today and strongly stresses the char- 20c. Hamilton Bros. Boston. 1929. acter values of a spiritual religion. Dr. Fiske makes really usable sugges- Hospital Sketche~. Edited by H. G. G. tions and quotes resolutions on the Herklots. 81 pp. 18. London. 1929. subject which are worthy of the careful consideration by all parents. The Charles Inwood: His Ministry and Its book is well balanced and is admirably Secret. Archibald M. Hay. Illus. 226 adapted to the needs of church work- pp. 68. Marshall Bros. London. 1929. ers and leaders in religious education. Love's Danger Signal- The Doctrine of J. F. RIGGS. Future Retribution. John G. Reid. 52 pp. Bible Institute Colportage Assn. The Authority of the Bible. By C. H. Chicago. 1929. ' Dodd, M.A. 310 pp. $3.00. Harper Bros. New York. 1929. Alexander Marshall. John Hawthorn. 159 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. The successor to Dr. James Moffatt London. 1929. of Mansfield College, Oxford, is the author of this interesting volume Pictures That Talk. Series I and II. E. which is a clear presentation of the J. Page. 10c each. Bible Institute argument. Although frankly "mod- Colportage Assn. Chicago. 1929. ern," it is reverent in its approach to the question of authority. The meth- Trends in Protestant Giving. Charles H. od is based on history and experience. Fahs. 67 pp. Institute of Social and Professor Dodd considers the religious Religious Research. New York. 1929. genius of the men who wrote the bogks in our Canon as a psychological proc- Triennial Report of the Board of Foreign ess of revelation. His emphasis is on Missions of the United Presbyterian the life lying behind the word, rather Churoh. 1925-6-7. 245 pp. Philadel- than in the word itself. He conceives phia. 1929. of inspiration as not verbal but personal-a direct imaginative experience The Smiling Faces. Annual Report of the of truth believed to come from God. Mission to Lepers-1928. 48 pp. 6d. It parallels dream psychology and Mission to Lepers. London. 1929. comes under the category of intuitive knowledge. The prophets' hearts and Annual Report of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in America-1929. 128 pp. New York. 1929.

(lOMING EVENTS October 30-31. School of Missions- Baltimore, Maryland.

November 10-12. International Good- will-Nashville, Tennessee.

November 10-17. Week of Prayer of the World's Alliance of Y. M. C. A.

~rmm !II! '''' Ii iWlllilllllililiIIlliWllIlilUlllllllllIIJWy:nm:uumrnrrnmmWJllllillllilDllllltIl1lll1lJ i , ""ti l1IlillIJUIJlli1iIIIIlillIllII

Do You Believe It? Do You Know Why? READ "WHY BELIEVE IT?"

By DELAVAN L. PIERSON, M.A.

Author of the "Life of Arthur T. Pierson," "For Each New Day," "Pacific Islanders," etc.

It is rich in facts, readable, stimulating, convincing; a study of faith and conduct, in the light of the Bible, reason, science and experience.

Includes chapters on BELIEF PRACTICE Tests for Truth The Christian Life The Riddle of ~he Universe Why Work? Can We Know God? The Value of Money The Credentials of Christ Shall We Play? The Reality of the Spirit Marriage and Divorce Concerning the Trinity Effective Prayer What Is the Bible? Life and Its Meaning Creeds and Their Consequences Death and Its Sequel Multitudes of practical questions are asked and answered.

The book is interestingly written and into it is crowded a vast amount of instruction in things that matter most. To possess, within the compass of the volume, a clear and comprehensive portrayal of what is essential Christianity, is a priceless enrichment.

Do:' O. SHELTO:', LL.D., PrcsidCllt of the Nat;ollal Bible Illstitllte.

New York City. I These chapters are concise, Judd, convincing, sane. . . . Every conclusion is hased on the clear teaching of Scripture and is supported by the testimony of science and philosophy and Christian experience. THE RE'·. CHARl.ES R. ERDMA'-', D.D.; L.L.D., Princeton, K. J.

Send for a ('opy to-day. It will prove valuable in its suggestions for sermon preparation, Bible class work or to answer personal problems, espe- cially of modern youth.

Price $1 :50 a copy. The Missionary Rez,jc1t' of the World $2.50 a year The Two for $3.00-(saves $1.00) I I THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY I 156 Fifth Avenue, New York ~ nmrn "'I! I!I! I!I! III. "' III 'III III IIImmmmUJIrrmmm,m, III "' "" 111111 IIII'I!I! 111111111111 111111' 1111 III II I! , II , II III III 'I! 11111 I!I! _ " , I!' I! II I! , , II II ",mui, . III III' lilll

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1929

Ewing

THE BIBLICAL SEMINARY IN NEW YORK DR. WILBERT W. WHITE, President DEGREES IN THEOLOGY AND RELIGIOUS EDUCATION The Biblical Seminary in New York (interdenominational) calls the attention of students to the fact that its courses leading to the following degrees have been approved and registered by the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York: In the Department of Theology: Bachelor of Sacred Theology, Master of Sacred Theology, and Doctor of Sacred Theology.

In the Department of Religious Education: Bachelor of Religious Education, MaBter of Religious Edul"ation, and Doctor of Religious Education.

In addition the Seminary ("onducts a Department of Missions and a Department of Social Service.

The most modern pedagogical principles are employed in all departmentB. Bible Study in on,,'s mother tongue is the organizing principle of the curricnlum, hut with due regard to the other dbdplines belonging to each department.

Write for Catalogue, stating depa.tment in which you are interested. Address DR. WALTER E. BACHMAN, Dean, 235 East 49th Street, New York Publishers of THE BIBLICAL REVIEW A neW McConnell book on missions MISSIONARIES·· is an event Save Money —-:Ll:—- on Christmas Gifts HUMAN Missionaries: Now is the time to select NEEDS and your Christmas gifts. Accredited Mi.- sionaries are granted 100/0 discount on all WORLD orders of $50.00 or over taken from our CHRISTIANITY current ·general catalogues.

~¥. BISHOP FRANCIS J. McCONNELL Churcheo: Our Missionary Bnreau will relieve you of much worry and tell you President 01 the Federal Council 01 Churches how to save on Christmas donations and supplies for Missions. Here is a volume of prophetic significance. It emphasizes Field Secretaries: Antieipate the Holiday the human value that lies at needs of your stations. Communicate now the base of the Christian world with our Missionary Burea u for special task. "The present day argu- wholesale discounts on large orders. ment for Christianity … must consist as never before in act- A free copy of the famons Montgomery ual human results, which pre- Ward catalogue upon request. pare for and lead toward the vision of God." MONTGOMERY WARD &COMPANY $1.50 Missionary Bureau Chicago, U. S. A.

FRIENDSHIP PRESS 150 Fifth Ave., New York Please mention THE llIsRIONAR'L REVIEW OJ!' THE "TORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY PERSONALS REVIEW OF THE WORLD DR. CHARLES L. WHITE, for twenty-one years Secretary of the American Baptist DEI,AVAN L. PIERSON, Editor Home Mission Society, has offered his resignation to take effect October first. CONTENTS-AUGUST, 1929 Dr. White was formerly president of Colby College and is now a Director of Page the MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING FRONTISPIECE ……………….. . COMPANY and President of the Home Missions Council. Dr. White plans to How A GREAT CITY LOORS FROM THE devote himself to other important de- AIR. NEW YORK J:r'I~ANCIAL DISTRICT nominational and interdenominational activities. 'i'RA~.S~~)~.~[~.~~O~.SR~~E;:~f~~~~s~;.;, 581 *** TIlE. :.HU.R~~! .~N.D ?~lf{A~~J;~~S'R~Y 585 FRANK OLDRIEVE, ESQ., secretary of BUILDING CHRISTIAN CHARACTER the British Empire Leprosy Association and formerly of India, has resigned as ~~. I~D~.STR1A';U~L . W.' 'GRAi,>,j,;" 587 secretary of the Association and will make his home in Southern Rhodesia. LIFE-ITS MEANING AND USE ….. Dr. Robert G. Cochrane, recently of India, son of Dr. Thomas Cochrane, · •…•……. SADHU 8UNDAR SINGl! 590 editor of the World Dominion, is to suc- ceed Dr. Oldrieve as Secretary. AN INTERESTING CRUISE IN NICA· RAGUA '" .KENNETH G. HAMILTON 594 *** DIFF'ICUL'l' TIMES IN ALBANIA ….. DR. JOHN R. MOTT has recently re- • • • • • . . . . • . . . PHINEAS B. KENNEOY GOO turned from a world tour, during which he conferred with national Christian . G03 DR. c"lIi;rt~.:Y ~?::~~. ~~S.:E.~~. ~I~ leaders in India, China and Japan. The Japanese Emperor conferred upon him A. G07 PRESENTING CHRIST TO NEW the "First Class Order of the Sacred AMERICANS ….. H. McK,NNEY Treasure" in recognition of his services in promoting friendship between Japan ARE lIIISSIONARIES WANTED IN and America. This decoration is one of BRAZIL? . . . . . . . . . . ERASMO BRAGA (311 many conferred on Dr. Mott by foreign governments, EBEN E. OLCOTT. A CHRISTIAN LAY· MAN . . . . "TIl.]~I.UI 1. CHAl.IBERL.H~ G14 ** THE HAVANA CHRISTIAN CONGRESS FRANK A. HORNE, vice-president of the · …….•…………. E. A. ODELL 617 Board of Foreign Missions of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, recently received TOPICS OF 'l'HE TIMES …………. 621 the degree of Doctor of Commercial Science from Boston University. He is INTERNATIONAL ~IIssro~ARr COUNCIL, president of the Merchants Refrigerating Company; a helper of Herbert Hoover DICTATORSHIP AND LIBERTY I='l ITALY. in the United States Food Administra- tion during the World War; distin- AT THE HAVANA, CONGRESS. guished friend of many religious, wiTH PAPAl, PEACE educational and philanthropic causes. Iv!EXICO, *** THE OUTLOOK IN CHINA. DR. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, editor of The METHODS FOR WORKERS .•..•••••. Moslem World, has recently returned to ••… EDITED BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNSO~ 625 his work in Cairo. He has been elected to the chair of missions in Princeton WOl>lAN'S FOREIGN MISS.!ON BUL· Theological Seminary and to a similar position in the Presbyterian Seminary ~~.~~~DJT;'i; ";,' fui,j,;A' jj: MACL~u~iN 031 at Chicago. He has not yet signified his acceptance of either position. He WOMAN'S HOllIE MISSION BULLETIN served as a missionary of the Reformed Church in Arabia, 1891-1905, and has be- · •• EDlTED BY ~-'l.JORENCE E. QUIXLAN 634 come an authority upon missionary work for Moslems. WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK ………… 037 REV. CHARLES E. SCHAEFFER, D.D., BOOKS WORTH READING .••.••….• 053 General Secretary of the Board of Home Missions of the Reformed Church in the TERMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of U. S., was elected president of the Genfive.) F-oreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, eral Synod of that church at its recent 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, annual meeting. Dr. Schaeffer is one of the active forces in the missionary enter- 1928, by lIISS]ONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM- prises and is a member of the Editorial Council of the REVIEW. PANY, INC. All rights reserved THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC.

ROBERT E. SPEER, President WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President DEI,AVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary WAf.JTER McDOUGALL, Trea8urer Publication Office, 3d & Reily St., Harrisburg, Pa. 250 a copy. $2.50 a year.

Editorial and Business Office. 156 Fifth Avenu~, New York City Flntered os second-class matter at the Post Oflice, HarriRlJUrg, PUo, unuer Act of .l.larch 3. 1879. DR. C. H. HOLLEMAN, a Reformed I ,• Presbyterian Church missionary, arrived in Amoy, China, on June 23d, after a LET YOUR GIFT thrilling experience with bandits who captured him on May 23d. His captors to Foreign Missions marched him to Yungting with his hands tied behind his back. On May 27th, PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME military forces of Fukien Province threatened to attack and during the You can make a generous gift to foreign misflurry he escaped to a vacant house near sions and have a needed income for yourself by and hid in a giant rice kettle. That and others from the money you give by the night he made his way to friendly Chinese who hid him for two days, pro- Annuity Gift Plan vided him with food, clothing and money. Then he fled to Taipuhsien, Kwangtung, This plan relieves you of uncertainty and and hid in the British mission hospital worry caused by changing values of invested for twenty days. The bandits were Com- funds and assures you a fixed income of munists and wanted money. Mrs. Holleman and her children and Rev. and Mrs. 4!% to 9% per year Poppen escaped but the mission premises were looted. Dr. Holleman expects to for the rest ofyour life return to Lungyenchow as soon as conditions permit. A reserve fund of over $1,500.000 guarantees the prompt payment of annuities to you. ** Protect yourself agalnst loss through FRED B. SMITH, Chairman of the Na- unwise investments and at the same time tional Citizen's Committee of 1,000 on help send the gospel to all the world. Law Enforcement and a prominent leader in the Men and Religious Movement, was For full £nformation write elected President of the Council of Congregational Churches at a recent meet- Ern••t F. Hall, Secretary, Dept. 01 Annuifi~. ing in Detroit. BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS *** of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

MISS MARIE MONSEN, a Norweg-ian 156 Fifth Avenue, New York Lutheran missionary since 1901 at Nanyang, Honan, was captured on April 23d OOMING EVENTS by Chinese pirates in their attack on a Yellow River steamer off Lungchow. August. International Congress of Miss Monsen was returning to China Christian Youth under the auspices of after a furlough and was on her way to the World's Alliance for International Hwanghsien to cooperate with the Amer- Friendship through the Churches-Gerican Baptist Mission. She was later re- many. leased by the pirates. August 3-9. World's Committee of Y. ** M. C. A.-Geneva.

CANON SELL of Madras (C. M. S.), August 7-14. Conference of the Inhas completed sixty-three years in India. ternational Fellowship of Reconciliation His literary output has been phenomenal, -Lyons, France. and he is now at work on his fortieth book. These books include twenty-three August 11-16. School of Home Misvolumes of Old Testament commentaries sions–Chautauqua, N. Y. and a number of publications on Islam. Through the help of the S. P. C. K., 200 August 18-23. School of Foreign Mis- Indian pastors have each a whole set of sions-Chautauqua, N. Y. commentaries. Little Christian literature has been written by Indians or with August 21-28. School of Missionsthe needs of India specially in view. Kerrville, Texas.

*** August 27. Continuation Committee of the Faith and Order Conference- A CORRECTION Maloja Palace, Switzerland.

REV. B. H. NIEBEL, Missionary Secre- August 28-September 1. Twelfth Antary of the Missionary Society of the nual Conference on "Human Relations in Evangelical Church, calls our attention Industry"-Silver Bay-on-Lake George, to an error in the statistics of this church N. Y. as quoted 'from Dr. Henry K. Carroll in the June REVIEW. Instead of a decrease September 2-13. Summer School for of 5,264 in membership for the year end- Rural Pastors-Bangor, Maine. ing August 31, 1928, there should have been recorded a net gain of 3,106 for the September 30-0ctober 4. School of year. There were a year ago 212,671 Home and Foreign Missions – Dallas, members. Texas.

October 15-16. School of Missions- Warren, Ohio.

Please mention TaR MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE "TORLD in writing to advertisers. HOW A GREAT CITY LOOKS FROM THE AIR. NEW YORK FINANCIAL DISTRICT (Note the Ant·Like Human Beings in Battery Park.)

LII, No.8 August

TRANSFORMATIONS IN CAMEROUN BY REV. ROBERT M. RUSSELL, Larchmont, New York E IGHT years ago a native abundant. In the Mbam River in evangelist began work in the dry season are the hippo and Yaounde, Cameroun, West crocodile. When the rains begin Africa. Four years later, Rev. and the rivers rise rapidly and in a Mrs. Joseph McNeill, missionaries few weeks communication with of the Presbyterian Church, were Bafia is likely to be cut off. assigned to open up an outstation. This is the country of the leop- Unlike most stations visited on ard and the lion. A frightened a recent tour in this field, Bafia is bush cat crossed the road before in the grass country. One can see us and ran into the jungle. A bush from thirty to forty miles over the cow was seen on the edge of the grassy plain toward the encircling mission compound a week ago, and hills. It was here that only twelve here are found four varieties of years ago, native tribes declared a antelope, the wild hog, numerous truce for market day, by taking varieties of monkeys and snakes human life. Someone, old or of various kinds.

young, was designated by the head- These people are tillers of the man of the tribe as the sacrifice, soil and, under the direction of and both tribes set to with cut- able and powerful headmen, have lasses and claimed their bit of planted their gardens well. They human flesh before the trading be- Rupplement their diet with game gan. The people then dressed as killed by spears or bows and arthey first came into the world, save rows.

for some trivial amulet or charm, The prevailing diseases of the the patent stopper of a modern country have wrought their awful bottle or some equally absurd nov- havoc and taken their dreadful toll. elty. From their mud house, Mr. Leprosy, syphilis and minor ail- and Mrs. McNeill taught patiently ments have kept the small mission the things of God. dispensary busy in an attempt to Crossing the Senega and Mbam minister to human needs. Sleep- Rivers on ferries made of planks ing sickness has begun its work, laid across four large dugout and so frightened are the natives canoes, we followed the well con- of the French Sleeping Sickness structed road by motor truck to Commission that they hide them- the country where animal life is selves for days rather than submit 581

to examination and treatment as teen. A native licentiate, Mvondo required by the government. Atyam, a charming man and a powerful preacher, was ordained At a conference of the evangel- as pastor in October. Both he and ists and teachers, we learned of a his wife are outstanding results of great number of orphaned children the missionary effort. in that district and, at the first service, we were astounded to learn There are twenty-six evangelthat there were two hundred and istic points in the district, fifteen eleven orphans (or one out of of which can be reached by motorevery four children in the gather- cycle. Mr. Newhouse goes out for ing) present. One boy in the home three and four weeks at a time and of Mr. and Mrs. Newhouse, the makes it a point to meet every present missionaries in charge, Christian in the village and make had been deserted by his mother a brief examination as to their A BIBLE READERS CLASS, PRESBYTERIAN MISSION, BAFIA, WEST AFRICA years ago, and had but recently faith and their conduct. I know found her. The needs of these un- of no one more conscientious or cared for children must be met, faithful in his devotion to his task, but where to begin is the question. and the Sunday service well illus- Of the 86,000 people in the district, trated the thoroughness of his thousands of children are orphans, labors. having lost their parents by death or by desertion. Long before eight o'clock in the morning, the roads were filled The Girls' School has one hundred and twenty-five in attend- with people journeying to the ance; the station Bulu school one hundred and twenty. The French church. This had been enlarged school, under able native leader- and a native roof extended from ship, enrolls two hundred and four- one building to give protection from the sun. By nine fifteen, every seat was filled and chairs

TRANSFORMATIONS IN CAMEROUN

and boxes were lined outside with- siderate and thoughtful. On the in hearing distance. As we en- day of our visit, Machan, another tered the building, it seemed as equally powerful headman, sent though thousands of palm birds Mrs. Newhouse a goat with which were chattering, but in an instant to entertain her guests. One of his there was worshipful silence. sons is a confessing Christian. While he is an aggressive Moham- The native licentiate took a medan, and is doing all he can in prominent part in the service with a peaceful way to promote his Mr. Newhouse, and it was my faith, yet he is, willingly or otherprivilege to speak, Dr. Johnston wise, tolerant of the Christians and interpreting into Bulu, while three PART o~' A SUNDAY MORNING CONGREGATION, BAFIA, WEST Al"RICA other interpreters translated si- appreciative of our educational multaneously into Bafia, Yembassi and Osenanga. It was a wonder- work. ful experience; the interruption In the audience, the evangelists' due to the interpreting did not affect the worship of the hour. wives were dressed in their finest – gowns imported from Paris. Think of the change that has The sizes showed that they had come into that community in seven been purchased from some mail years! To my left was Ndenge, a order house. Bright kerchiefs were native headman, ruling 35,000 peo- used as head pieces, and, in fact, ple. He has fourteen wives and is the women Board members at our a nominal Moslem, but very con- General Assembly in America, could not have looked finer ($1.30

a yard at McCutcheons!). The from another church. It was my older women sat, for the most privilege to baptize the remaining part, by themselves, dressed in six-a woman well on in years, very scanty attire. The men have three boys, a young man and a picked up European styles and younger woman. This is one of were dressed in their best. Some the very happy memories of my attires were hardly in keeping with visit to Cameroun. "what the well dressed man will wear." A dinner jacket seemed The audience numbered nearly out of place before the noon hour, 3,000, and was the largest service but they were respectful and knew ever held at Bafia. Having begun at 9: 30, we adjourned at 11: 30, A BULU MISSIONARY SCHOOL TEACHER .permitting those who were nGt AND HIS FAMILY communicant members of the church to withdraw. Then we met something of the meaning and sig- a little group of about 200 to celenificance of the Lord's Day wor- brate together the Holy Supper of ship. our Lord. To become a church member in Africa, requires first Mr. Newhouse and his session a confession and straightening out had worked for days examining of all illicit relationships, then the candidates. Many were refused person is on probation for at least for various reasons, but chiefly on a year. If no charges of any kind grounds of adultery. Seven, how- can be brought against them, they ever, presented themselves to join are advanced into the second catethe church, one coming by letter chumen class where they remain for another year or longer. They are then baptized and received as members into the church. At the present time, there are 2,300 in the first catechumen class, 600 in the second catechumen class, and the membership now stands at 231. This is a mighty tribute to the ef- forts of our missionaries. I mar- vel at their patience and their endurance. In a section where there is but an occasional trader or government man, they live and move and have their being with a single purpose of presenting Christ and establishing the Christian con- science in a backward people where conscience means very little. It is with great joy that I think of this visit of not more than forty-eight hours. It would have been incom- plete had I not seen with mine own eyes the power of the living Christ there.

CHURCH AND THE

BY REV. RANDOLPH RAY, D.D., New York City Rector of the Ohurcli of the Trmnsjiyuration I T IS estimated that more than ground that the actors did not 18,000 men and women are en- want an alliance with the Church, gaged in the theatrical profes- but wished to be in a guild of sion in New York and vicinity. workers in the Church. The Ro- Contrary to the impression of man Catholics recognized this very many people, the actor is almost important difference and organized always incurably religious. He is a Catholic Actors' Guild, some highly emotional by nature and is fifteen years ago. This Guild now the possessor of that indefinable has several thousand members, thing, the artistic temperament. with headquarters at 220 West The artist is born psychic, not in Forty-second Street. It has a the sense of dealing with the oc- number of chaplains and lay work- cult, or spiritism, but he has a ers and is actively engaged in re- large soul and is inherently spirit- ligious and philanthropic work.

ual. A distinguished actress said Three years ago the Jewish to the writer, "I believe that we, Theatrical Guild of America was as a class, have greater capacity organized and now numbers many for feeling and knowing God-that thousand nembers. Mr. William we need God-more than any other Morris is the President and it is group of people. Why is it we so doing a most active work with often allow ourselves to become headquarters at 1560 Broadway.

shut away, lost in the mrelstrom of Out of an active group of Prot- the physical, and smash and blun- estant actors and members of der so blindly?" kindred professions grew the The theatre and the pulpit are "Episcopal Actors' Guild of Amer- more closely related than seems ica" with headquarters at Np. 1 apparent to a casual observer. The East Twenty-ninth Street, New phrase "Church and stage" are York. In less than five years this often spoken of as two organiza- has gathered more than two thou- tions opposed to each other. We sand professional members in ad- do not so refer to the "Church and dition to nearly one thousand the law," or the "Church and church men and women off the the medical profession," or the stage. Mr. George Arliss is the "Church and civil engineering." President and the National Head- The members of the theatrical quarters are at the Church of the profession belong to the stage as a Transfiguration, for many years profession or vocation, but they affectionately known to actors as are children of the Church and are "The Little Church Around the as a class no better, no worse than Corner." The association of the members of other vocations. theatrical profession with this In the reorganization of the parish dates back to the early sev- Actors' Church Alliance great op- enties, when the Reverend George position to the use of this name Hendric Houghton interested him- came primarily from the members self in the religious welfare of the of the theatrical profession, on the actors. Up to that time the oppo- 585

sition to the stage on the part of conventional life that surround many church people had bred a and restrain the average business prejudice which Dr. Houghton did man or society woman form no much to overcome. It was Joseph such barriers for him. His temp- Jefferson who pronounced the en- tations are greater, his freedom is dearing benediction "God bless the appalling. Great credit is due to Little Church Around the Corner" those who accomplish a sane and when burial had been refused normal life, and the actor, on the George Holland, a well-known ac- whole, does accomplish this. The tor, at a neighboring church. marital scandals and wild orgies of These guilds help to link more a comparatively small number closely to the church members of make news for our daily press, but, the theatrical profession. Their under most adverse circumstances, chaplains visit sick actors in the the average actors live happy, hospitals and in their homes, and beautiful home lives as contented in other ways minister to their wives, affectionate and loyal hus- physical and spiritual needs. The bands, self-sacrificing children. I Episcopal Churches of St. Mary know many men and women on the the Virgin, and St. Clements, stage who make practical applica- (both on West 46th Street), are in tion of their faith, not only in the very heart of the theatrical working out their religious and world and hundreds of actors at- moral problems, but the problems tend their services. of their profession. At the close The Union Methodist Episcopal of service in my church one Sun- Church (on West 48th Street) is day morning, a very unactressy also doing wonderful work among looking woman spoke to me at the them. St. Malachy's Roman Cath- door and said: "For years in the olic Church (West 49th St.) is days of hard work and bitter dis- specially set aside as an actor's couragements, it was my custom church and a special Mass at mid- to come here and pray, going out day on Sunday is largely and faith- with renewed strength to work.

fully attended by members of the Today I feel as if, indeed, God had profession. A large number of answered my many prayers." She actors also find a home in The was the star in a very successful Little Church Around the Corner. and wholesome Broadway play.

(Fifth Avenue and 29th St.). Another actress, known on both Unfortunately, public opinion sides of the Atlantic, came to me still generally holds that the actor and said "I have not taken com- is usually immoral or unmoral, ir- munion in many years. I thought religious or unreligious, and gener- I had lost God. I came here to the ally wild. It is true, that the actor church recently in great sorrow.

is most unconventional. He works The little light there of God's Pres- when others play-steps out of ence," pointing to the Sanctuary character to dance and dine when Lamp, "has drawn me back to him.

other people are starting to bed. Will you prepare me for commu- He sleeps when others work. It is nion ?"

therefore, much more of an effort The Guilds and religious organ- for him to attend an early Mass or izations are organized to encourage an eleven o'clock service than for and increase mutual interest and most of us. The repressions of sympathy between the clergy and

BUILDING CHRISTIAN CHARACTER IN INDUSTRY

the members of the profession. theatre shall stand one hundred per They are national societies and cent for integrity and honest dealsome of them have chaplains all ing. We want to build a reputaover the United States to carryon tion for such standards that there this work among resident or visit- will be no need of censorship, that ing players. Every clergyman in the theatre may be indeed the the City of New York might well handmaid of religion, morality and be an active member of one of the highest culture." A large numthese organizations and do all in ber of actors are sons and daughhis power to interest his parish- ters of clergymen; some of the men ioners in it so that they may under- have studied for the ministry; and stand the actor and may help and many more have grown up in encourage him as a member of the Christian homes. They love and Church of Christ. reverence the Church and Guilds are means of keeping them loyal Many will be surprised to find to their traditions, of bringing how earnest actors are to work back those who have lost them, of for high standards of morality and making new friends for Christ and beauty. One actor, speaking of a recent organization for better His Church. * plays, says: "We have pledged ourselves, no matter what the fu- tjc There are also several organizations of ture success may be, that the l)rtoI's thnt make for moral stamina and higher I5tundards. Srvpral of these are officered or sponsored by faithful members of the Church.

BUILDING CHRISTIAN CHARACTER IN INDUSTRY BY DR. SAMUEL W. GRAFFLIN, New York Religious lVork D'ircvtor oj the lr(J~t Side Y. .M. G. A.

T HERE is only one reason for wiser and kinder in their attitude, being in business. It is to and to make those who work more make money. Whenever a efficient and contented to the end man tells you he is in business for that when they assume the manageany other reason I believe that he ment, as some of them of necessity is not telling the truth. There is will, they may be better fitted by only one reason for getting up and that education and training to asgoing to work every day. It is to sume the direction and supervision make a living for one's self and of their fellowmen. family and to provide for one's old age and retirement. Years ago we realized the value of the industrial shop meeting as With the present organization a character building enterprise. of industry, in great shops and fac- By character I mean Christian tories, there is, however, an oppor- character-Christ founded, Christ tunity to present education and inspired, Christ patterned and built spiritual truth to the workers in up in the belief that only that charthat factory and to the manage- acter that is sound at heart and ment in their executives' and fore- touched with real Christian love men's meetings in such a way as to can be abiding and worth while. sweeten the line from top to bottom, to make the men who manage To some the shop meeting pro- gram may consist in nothing but

the presentation of "Gospel Truth." the correction of bad habits, health We have conducted certain shop in the home, in the shop, safety meetings for years in which noth- talks, community health. In other ing was used except the Bible story words, a gospel for the body.

and the spiritual lesson drawn Then there is a gospel for the from it; shop meetings in which mind. Ignorance and vice are too the opportunity was given for pub- closely associated for us not to lic Christian decision. We have realize the need for such a mes- also conducted other shop meetings sage.

in which the very character, ignor- There is also an industrial gos- ance, illiteracy and non-Christian pel. That man would be recreant background of the personnel made to his trust who did not make clear such a program impossible. Only to those whom he addressed the on great festival occasions in which value of being an effective, skilled it would be naturally expected that craftsman, whatever the task.

we mention Christ and Christianity There is the great spiritual gos- did we present the Christian mes- pel of Christ. A careful reading of sage. On other occasions where the life and teaching of Jesus will the Bible ,was used we drew our show that He cheered, comforted, stories and illustrations from the healed, instructed, taught econom- Old Testament, as did Jesus and ics, rebuked harshness, bitterness, the early disciples. and oppression in such a way that As a result of experience we no matter what He said or taught have been able to work out a Gos- men turned to Him for vision and pel message for shop workers, to seek life and help from God.

which we call "The Five Point There is also the Gospel of serv- Man," which is placed in the hands ice, in which the strong man, the of those who speak in the shops. wise man, the efficient man, the The body of man is the temple good man, places his talents at the of the Holy Spirit; the mind of disposal of the less favored.

man contains that rare immortal The following topics are placed thing-imagination, the eye of the in the hands of the speakers. We soul. Man works at a task and if have never known a man who he is indifferent and non-efficient dared to prepare thoroughly for he clogs the wheels of progress and these talks, or who secured the defrauds those dependent on him. services of physician, minister, Man has a soul, a soul which must lawyer, teacher or business man to be morally sound, with a God-given deliver these talks, who did not find righteousness; God, through J e- as the result of such effort better sus Christ, stands ready to give citizenship, nobler manhood and him the divine help which he needs. womanhood, more real Christian Such a man-well of body, wise of living.

mind, industrially efficient and Many instances could be given, morally sound, can do, must do a with human interest stories by the piece of service for his less favored hundred, cases in which as many fellowmen. as ten or eleven men, strong men, On this line we have outlined a have stepped out and confessed program to last for a year: a pro- Christ while hundreds of their fel- gram to include health talks, pre- low workers stood around. One ventive hygiene, personal purity, case in particular is that of one of

A NOONDAY RELIGIOUS SHOP MEE '!'ING IN NEW YORK America's really strong labor lead- an aid to those who are so splendidly ers who was "born again" in a cooperating with us by speaking in our machine shop meeting. The whole influence of that man's life has shops, we are sending out this list of been helpful, constructive, worthwhile. We know of employers topics: whose interest in their own men has been quickened beyond meas- I – BOO1': ure by a visit to the shop meeting that was being held by those men. I-Hpnlth TalkS-Preventive Hygiene. We know of cities in which hun- Eyf"s. Ears, Nose, Thl'oat, Teeth, Feet, dreds of homes are Christian Body. homes, with family prayers, with good books and good deeds, born of 2-P ersonal Purity. the father's regeneration in a shop 3-The Correction of Ball Habits. meeting. 'I- Health In the Home. 5- Tlealth in the Shop, including Safety The industrial shop meetings are without doubt a character building ' l' n J k s enterprise. 6–CoUluiulLity Health.

THE FIVE POINT MAN TJ-TiJDUOATION: Suggestions to Shop Meeting Speakers l-Cl'ime and the 105th Grade Slacker." 2- The Highway of the Head. DEAR FRIEND: We are making an at- 3-The Importance of Education. tempt in our shop meetings to develop the idea of a "five-point man": The man As a Source of Income, As a Source who is physically fit; the man who is of Pleasure, As un Introduction to educationally trained; who is industri- Better Associations. ally efficient; who is morally soundwith a God-given righteousness-and the 4-rrhe American Form of Government man who is of service to his fellows. As Executive, Juuicial, Legislutlve.

u- Citizenship.

Ilf-INDUS1'RIAL El'FIOIENCY: l-The Master Craftsman. 2- The 1:fnn Vho Knows and Dues. 3-How to Become a Skilled Workman. 4-The Secret of Failure Among Men of Industry. 5-The Great Craftsmen of History.

IV-MORAL SOUNDNESS: l – Tbe Moral Code. 2-'I'he Holy Heroes of History. 3-The Highest Good. 4- Custom. Character and Conduct 5-The Man Christ Jesus. .

6–The Things thut Count.

Y-SERYIOFJ: l–'l'he Vision of Service. 2-·The Opportunity in Service. 3- The Oblig-lltion to Serve. 4-'l'he Uewards of Service. (I-The JOY oC Service.

LIFE-ITS MEANING AND

BY SADHU SUNDAR SINGH, Sabathu, North India L IFE, in every creature, is an deep experience of the inner life. unseen and hidden reality, As Goethe has said, "the highest whatever is seen outwardly cannot be spoken." But it can be of life is but its partial manifesta- enjoyed and put into action.

tion. The atheist fails to under- One day during my meditation stand what life is and he attributes and prayer I felt Christ's presence it to matter. But the source of life strongly. My heart overflowed must be life; lifeless matter can- with heavenly joy. I saw that in not produce life. Only those who this world of sorrow and suffering, have an intimate relation with the there is a hidden and inexhaustible Source of Life can understand this mine of great joy, of which the mystery. world knows nothing because even We cannot comprehend the real men who experience it are not able inner life of any creature, because to speak of it adequately and conit is hidden under a partial mani- vincingly. I was anxious to go festation of itself. The full mani- down to the neighbouring village festation of the spiritual life is to share that joy with others. But possible only in the spiritual because of my physical illness, world; the material world is in- there arose a conflict between my sufficient for its full expression. soul and my body. The soul wanted An animal has warmth, move- to go; the body lagged behind.

ment, growth and other signs of But finally I overcame and dragged life. These only we see and not my sick body forward and told the the life itself, of which they are people in the village what Christ's the outward signs. But by living presence had done for me and in Christ, who is the Source of would do for them. They knew Life, we can know Him as He is that I was ill and that there was in Himself, according to our needs some inner compUlsion which and capacities. By knowing Him urged me to speak to them. Thus thus we come to know ourselves though I was unable to explain all who are created after God's that Christ's presence meant to me, "image and likeness" and may that deep experience had been know also the real nature of our translated into action and men had inner life. been helped. Where the tongue is The spirit of egotism hinders us lacking, life reveals the reality. As from attaining a knowledge of St. Paul says, "The letter killeth, reality. We should not be like but the spirit giveth life." (2 Cor.

Carneades who said to his teacher: 3: 6). "If I have reasoned rightly, you As some insects with their an- are wrong; if not, 0 Diogenes, re- tennre feel their surroundings and turn me the mina I paid you for distinguish between hurtful and my lesson." Carneades was not useful things, so spiritual men, willing to admit his mistake. In through their inner senses, avoirl any case he wanted to lay the dangerous and destructive in- blame on his teacher for not hav- fluences and enjoy God's sweet and ing taught him to argue correctly. live-giving presence; they are con- rt is very difficult to explain the strained by their blissful experi- 590 ence to bear witness to God. As this life on account of its struggles Tertullian said, "whenever the soul and anxieties, may repress the will comes to itself and attains some- to live, they cannot get rid of the thing of its natural soundness, it will to believe. Even if they have speaks of God." no belief in God or in any other Almost everyone has an inner spiritual reality, they have at least capacity-some more, some less– belief in their unbelief. Pyrrho to sense spiritual truths without said, "We cannot even be sure that knowing how they have attained we are not sure."

them. As someone has said, "they The inner life or personality of know without knowing how." For man cannot be freed by changing instance, Colburn (1804-1840), the place or by killing the body, when six years old, was asked how but only by putting off the "old many seconds there are in eleven man," and putting on the "new years. In four seconds he gave the man," thus passing from death to correct answer. When questioned life. Those who go astray, instead as to how he had arrived at the of satisfying their inner craving answer the boy said that he did in the Creator, try to satisfy it in not know; .all he could say was their own crooked ways. The result that the answer came to his mind. is, that instead of being happy and So God reveals spiritual realities satisfied, they become miserable. A to those who live according to His thief who is stealing and hoarding will. things as a way to attain happiness The will to live, which is present is not only missing his happiness in every man, is an impulse urg- but, by his acts of theft, he is de- ing him to carry life to its per- stroying the very capacity for it.

fection, that is, to that state in That capacity is deadened by his which the purpose of God for that sinful conduct. If he loses the sense life will be fulfilled, so that he will of the sinfulness of theft, and his be eternally happy in Him.. On the conscience does not feel remorse, other hand, to those who are with- he has already committed spiritual out the experience of the joyful suicide. He has not only killed the inner life in God, life is a burden. capacity, but has killed the soul, Schopenhauer was one of these; he which had the capacity.

said "Life is hell." There is noth- Real joy and peace do not depend ing strange in the fact that such on wealth, kingly power or other people wish to commit suicide. As material possessions. If this were a result of the teaching of the so, all men of wealth in the world Greek philosopher Hegesius, sev- will be happy and contented and eral hundred young men committed princes like Buddha, Mahavira and suicide. S eve r a I philosophers, Bhartari would not have renounced like Zeno, Empedoc1es and Seneca their kingdoms. But real and per- put an end to their lives, but the manent joy is found only in the strange thing is that their philos- Kingdom of God, which is estab- ophy did not show them how to lished in the heart, when we are remove those things which made born again.

them unhappy, instead of destroy- The secret and reality of this ing their life. Such is the philos- blissful life in God cannot be un- ophy of the world. (James 3: 15). derstood without receiving, living Although some, who are tired of and experiencing it, if anyone tries

to understand it only with the in- other hand, and by following the tellect, he will find his effort use- truth, he is made free forever less. A scientist who wished· to (John 8: 32). The works of those discover in what part of the bird's who are thus made free and spend all their life in His service, that is, body life was centered and what of those who die in the Lord, will the life was, began dissecting the follow them. (Rev. 14:13). To bird. The result was that the very "die in the Lord" does not mean life of which he was in search dis- real death, for the Lord is "the appeared mysteriously. Those who Lord of the living and not of the try to understand the inner life dead." As the Lord said, "whosoof the Soul of man by intellectual ever will lose his life for my sake, dissection will meet with a similar the same shall save it." (Luke 9: fate. The life for which they are 23) . looking will vanish in the analysis. If one lives and dies in evil and In comparison with this great darkness, it is not the fault of the world, the human heart is a very Lord. He "lighteth every man that small thing. Though the world is cometh into the world" (John 1: so large, it is utterly incapable of 9). The difference between a good satisfying man's heart. Man's life and an evil life is like that beevergrowing soul and its capacities tween diamond and coal. Though can only be satisfied in the infinite both are made of carbon, there is a vast difference between them. God. As water is restless until it The diamond reflects the sun's light reaches its own level, so the soul with glowing beauty, while the coal has no peace until it rests in God. remains dark and dull even in the brightest sunshine. So the Sun of The material body cannot keep Righteousness shines on good and company forever with the spirit. evil men alike but revealing dif- After fulfilling its purpose for ferent characteristics and destinies. sometime, as the instrument of the There is no defect in the Sun, but soul for its work in the world, the only in the sinner. body begins to refuse, through weakness and old age, to go along Man's state is like that of the with the spirit any further. This earth. The sun does not set and is because the body cannot keep hide itself away from us. The real pace with the eternally-growing fact is that the earth tUrns away soul. from the sun. The earth would be lost in the dark spaces of the uni- Although the spirit and the phys- verse if it were not being contin- ually drawn towards the sun and ical body cannot live together for- so kept in its light and warmth. ever, the fruits of the work which So the Sun of Righteousness draws they have done together, will re- all men to Himself by the attracmain for ever. So it is necessary tion of His love (John 12: 32). to lay carefully the foundation of our eternal life. But the pity of it When one member of the body is is that by the misuse of his freedom man loses it forever. Free- wounded, the whole body is busy dom means the capacity to do either good or evil deeds. By constantly healing it. In the same manner, choosing evil, man becomes a slave of sin and destroys his freedom and if we are in Christ and He is in life. (John 8: 21, 34). us, then, by His Divine life, He will By giving up his sins, on the

LIFE-ITS MEANING AND USE

heal our wounds of sin and give us the habit of procrastination will the joy of sound spiritual health. become so ingrained that when more time is given, we will waste This new life does not set us that time also. "He that is unjust free from all temptation and in the least is unjust also in much." trouble, but by receiving this new (Luke 16: 10). life, we become separate from the world, so that there will be more Everyone should fulfill in his conflict and struggle than before. life the purpose of his Creator and The difference will be that whereas spend it for the glory of God and before the s e temptations and the good of others. Everyone troubles were unbearable, now we should follow his calling and carry will be victorious and they become on his work according to his Godmeans of blessing and joy. "We given gifts and capacities. "Now know that all things work together there are diversities of gifts but for good to them that love God." the same spirit." (1 Cor. 12: 4, (Romans 8: 28). 11). The same breath is blown into the flute, the cornet, and the bag- The struggle is necessary for the pipe; but different music is progrowth and perfection of our hid- duced according to the different den capacities and qualities. He instruments. In the same way the who has granted life to us will one Spirit works in God's children, help us to win victory in this holy but different results are produced war, so that by overcoming the and God is glorified through them world, death and Satan, we may according to each one's talents and enter into His eternal Kingdom. personality.

If we make the· best use of God- In this world there is very little given opportunities we will not harmony between the inner and the waste our precious time by neglect outer life. If we live according to or carelessness. Many people say, the will of God, then the time will "There is plenty of time to do this come when there will be perfect or that; don't worry." But they harmony between the inner and the do not realize that if they do not outer life forever. make good use of this short time, PRESIDENT HOOVER ON THE BIBLE ~~THERE is no other book so various as the Bible, nor one so full of concentrated wisdom. Whether it be of the law, business, morals or that vision which leads the imagina- tion in the creation of constructive enterprises for the happiness of mankind, he who seeks for guidance in any of these things may look inside its covers and find illumination. The study of this book is a post-graduate course in the richest library of human experience.

"As a nation, we are indebted to the Book of books for our national ideals and representative institutions. Their preservation rests in adhering to its principles."

A message from HERBERT HOOVER, President of the United States, given at the National Federation of Men's Bible Classes, in Baltimore, Maryland May 5,1929.

2

INTERESTING CRUISE IN

BY REV. KENNETH G. HAMILTON, Bluefields Missiona.ry of the .ll(Fravian Mi88ion T HE forests and swamps along skinned people, with broad faces the Caribbean coast of Nica- and straight, heavy, black hair. ragua she I t e r aboriginal Indeed, you might dress them in tribes of Indians, almost as pure furs and pass them anywhere as in blood today as when the caravel typical Esquimaux. Needless to of Columbus nosed her way down say, they do not dress in fUrs, this coast vainly searching for a though in our days they wear am- channel westward to the Indies. pIe clothing of a simple kind. The Protected by their dismal forests, younger generation even aspires by their inhospitable shore, by the to straw hats. They are few in fevers that fought with them, and number. Perhaps 200 all told live probably chiefly by the poverty of on their beautiful little island, their land, a number of races found within sight of the beams that flash a safe asylum here while the rest of from Bluefields' light house, but the Ameri'cas had to submit to the still ever so remote as regards their yoke of the white man. For cen- plane of living. Their homes have turies these natives have kept their not changed much in these cen- own tongue, their own ways, their turies, I think: a dirt floor, an own laws in part, their own faiths, oval wall made by the simple ex- uninfluenced by the Spanish civili- pedient of planting one post after zation and the Catholic faith of another in the ground as close to- the lands about them. Here you gether as possible, and a roof of have utter heathen still, heathen thatched palm. Such a house can who never have even heard of the be built, and often is, without us- name of Jesus, though God be ing a single nail. True, if you ex- thanked their number is growing amine the utensils of the hut and few. the crude furniture it contains, you Protestant mISSIOnaries were will see that modern commerce is first sent to this land by the Mora- knocking at the door even of Rama vian Church in 1849, and for near- Key. For the Indian carries fire ly eighty years the Saviour has wood, and oysters, and eggs, and blessed their witness for Him; so oranges, and coconuts to town, or that at the end of 1927 our mission sells bananas to the company's counted a total membership of barge at his river bank, and buys nearly 12,000 souls. Of these the flour, sugar, sewing machines, large majority are Indians belong- cloth, knives, guns, whiskey, and ing to various tribes, though a con- quinine. And he buys the boards siderable minority are descendants he needs to bury his dead.

of African immigrants, come from Seventy years ago, the first mis- various lands bordering the Carib- sionary made his home on the little bean. island. Then the place had a most Of the various Indian tribes, one forbidding reputation; the Ramas of the smallest that still survives, were slaves to vice and given to and one of the purest, is the Rama. violence. The well he dug is They are a short, squat, brown- pointed out today, and still serves 694 all the huts in the neighborhood. called urgently: "Come up and And the water of life, of which he help us!" So it came about that brought the glad promise, still is the cruise of the "Three Sisters," a well of water in many a heart, our large dug-out sailing boat, was springing up unto eternal life. planned to explore the unknown Nominally, there are no heathen antipodes of our field. left on Rama Key. The congregation is self-supporting, has a large After dark, when the rains had church building which it keeps in abated, the church bell called us good repair, and in which it meets to gather for worship: the captain every Lord's Day in worship. It and crew of the "Three Sisters," is taught by a Rama Christian who the marines, and the Rama Key also conducts a very elementary natives all united by a common tie day school. Only at stated inter- for that short hour. One of the vals does a foreign missionary vis- Indians was our organist. As the Indians on the island are fairly WHEN WE VISITED CANE CREEK IN THE "THREE SISTERS·'

it the island to administer the well acquainted with English, servsacraments. ices are conducted in that lan- guage. But further south along the Nicaraguan-coast lie little settlements We set sail early one morning of heathen Indians, of which men- from Rama Key and came just betion is made from time to time in fore noon to our first stopping ant-eaten records in the mission place, Wirring Key bar. It was archives. And rarely does such certainly a wicked-looking harbor. mention contain anything compli- To the seaward the swells were mentary to them. It seems, for booming dully on a hidden reef as one reason or another, some of though in disappointment at our these communities were never vis- evading them. Right in the mouth ited by any missionary-probably of the bar, two low, ugly black because they were small, and pop- rocks lay crouching in the breakers. ulous parts of the coast to the north The water was unusually calm so

we had no difficulty in passing pinned down unwary fish. Cala- them, but with the heavy seas com- mon along this part of the coast, bashes of all shapes stood about, the bar must be very dangerous in- deed. Two sharks we saw, cruising corn hung drying under the eaves, around expectantly. a fermented mash of the fruit of From the water, five huts could be seen through a screen of trees the supa palm was wrapped in and hanging vines. When we landed we found four more stand- great green leaves ready for the ing a little back on the ridge. Only two huts in the little village had hunters' return, plantain hung rip- board floors, raised a couple of feet off the ground. Three women and ening in one house, and on a pole in two babies proved to be the sole occupants of the place on our ar- another strips of dried fish. An rival. They put one of the floored huts at our disposal. Its walls ancient wooden rack used mani- • were still in the process of con- struction, but newness in a native festly to barbecue game stood to hut is a virtue. Of these women one was the village ancient. Her the east of the village, to the wind- husband had been an eminent snake doctor, till he one day failed to ward that is, so that its smoke cure himself, when bitten by a would serve the double purpose of snake. Her own name is "Kul- mang," though none of the natives curing the meat and driving away professed to know how it came to be given her. "Kulmang," is the the clouds of sandflies that make Rama term for a ghost, a particu- lar ghost, like a small woman with life miserable at times. All this sweeping hair, who is seen occa- sionally by people in the heart of might have dated four hundred the forest. Her appearance is a certain omen of coming death, not years back or more. In one hut, the death of the beholder it is true, but of some near relative of his. an empty white jar stood on the However, Mrs. Kulmang of Wir- ring Key is not at all small-the ground, and it was decorated with very opposite-nor does she look ghostly in the least. the familiar legend in black letters, In the village. Here were mod- "Keller's Dundee Marmalade." By ern and ancient times dwelling happily together. Bows and arrows the door of another hut lay a big leaning against the wall of our house, not just curiosities nor the rubber ball, decorated with all the implements of fashionable leisure these, but arrows that had brought letters of the alphabet and num- down birds, killed deer on the run >~~ and the wild hog in its charge, and bers up to ten.

Wirring Key is said by the natives not to be an Indian name.

Its first settlers were negroes, so that possibly the word is of Afri- can derivation. The Ramas mi- grated to Wirring Key from Punta Gorda in the time of the filibusters under Gen. Walker, when natives were drafted against their will to fight on either side. No doubt Wir- ring Key's inaccessibility made it a secure retreat. The village lies on a narrow ridge of dry land.

Of the nine dwellings which made up the village, four were the dwellings of the dead. That the Rama Indians should build huts over the graves of their dead, is not strange; all the tribes along the coast did so formerly. But that the Wirring Key people should dwell in an ancient graveyard ar- gues a strength of mind and free-

AN INTERESTING CRUISE IN NICARAGUA

dom from superstition that is very that this was an Indian custom.

unusual. Once they lived on the When a baby is weaned and given sea beach. The ocean washed away its first bones to suck, such bones the land on which their houses may not be thrown away but must stood. Probably, too, the sandflies be preserved by the parents, to be proved more formidable than any given to the child when it grows fear of departed spirits. At all older. The latter then hides them events they migrated to the only carefully away in some hollow tree, other high ground in the neighbor- or other safe place, over which no hood, and that was the spot where foot will ever walk.

they had laid their dead. The In the "kitchen" belonging to marks of ancient graves could eas- our temporary residence, the In- ily be found all about us, when we dian women were busy with hands looked for them. In one burial hut and tongue. The kitchen is a sep- were two recent graves. The sur- arate hut, built some distance from face of both had been freshly dis- the dwelling. In Rama it is called turbed-by chickens we thought. Abung Teik Gnu, meaning literally, In one was a depression exactly "The House of the Nose of the the shape o~ a man's body. This Firewood," the flame of burning led to a question and to the infor- wood being called its nose. In one mation that heathen Ramas bury corner of the kitchen a ragged dog their dead without placing them in was tied, in another a tortoise that any coffin, the corpse being simply was destined soon to wander into wrapped in native cloth which they the pot, and a huge brown cat lay beat out from the bast of a kind among the ashes basking in the of rubber tree. The marmalade heat of the fire. Fire places were jar referred to above stood in this dispensed with by the simple ex- hut, also a tatter"ed cast net, some pedient of building fires on the dirt rotten clothes, calabashes black floor. Iron pots and bake dishes with mildew, broken dishes, even stood among the wooden ware of the remnants of an almanac the natives, calabashes too had printed in Spanish, and heavy plate their place. Under a crude table glass from the portholes of some a great granite rubbing stone luckless wreck: all the belongings caught the eye, its surface concave of the departed. Wood ants had and smooth, its body resting on taken possession of the tomb, and three stumpy legs, and the roller a great nest of them hung from the worn somewhat lop-sided by con- center of the roof tree. stant use, all without any trace of We entered a vacant hut to ex- ornamentation.

amine its furnishings. Eight fairly During the afternoon the men fresh jaw bones of wild hog hung of the village began to return, one from sticks on the wall, showing by one. The writer sat alone in the owner's prowess as a hunter. the dwelling making ready for the But what interested us most was evening service. The parrots passed a "string" of little bones (the screaming overhead, announcing string being bark fibres). The that dusk was at hand. Still we bones were pronounced monkey waited for one family to finish its by our Captain, bird by Clemente. meal. A stiff breeze had sprung up Among them was the claw of a clearing the air of mosquitoes and huge crab. Clemente informed us sandflies-a welcome breeze. Slow-

ly eleven villagers gathered, all but erous in this district, there is no one of those at home at the time. trace left. One sat on a log near the kitchen, one leaned against a coconut palm, After dark, we reached Cana the rest stood grouped in the open Chiquita, and were hospitably rebefore their huts. For the first ceived by those in charge of the time in Wirring Key the Gospel company's camp. A big thatched was preached and Jesus' name was hut, open on every side, with cots called upon in prayer and song. for some thirty laborers, such is Because of the fact that a number the camp. The beds too, are simof the dead resting about us had plicity itself. Four poles planted died by snake bite, the text chosen in the ground support a frame of was John 3: 14, 15, our Rama other four poles, across which is teacher interpreting. Dusk fell and stretched a sheet of Spilt bamboo. darkness while we worshipped. Behold a bed. And like a halo over May the true light dawn on all each, the inevitable mosquito net. who gathered there. The tug took us a few miles At five the next morning we left, further up stream that morning, and heade,d down the coast. Past and then the "Three Sisters" got Devil's Creek we sailed to Mon- under way, proceeding under her key Point, a most interesting head- own power-man power. We went land behind which lies the best on to the first rapids. They rush harbor on the coast. Great blocks down on both sides of a small of basalt stand about everywhere island, by which they are formed. like Baalim; a few are fallen and There, in a most picturesque bend look like cannon pointing out over of the river, we found the last of the sea. At one place the ocean the Ramas left on these waters. has cut clear through a hill, leaving "Diamante" (diamond) is the apopen the bare, black rock with propriate name for the rapids in whitened base: "Monkey's Neck." Spanish. The Ramas call it "Kal- On the exposed rock, so Captain pamni." The bank is very steep. Slate said, undecipherable writing You climb up a natural staircase, can be seen by boats passing closo the roots of a giant cottonwood in shore. We could not verify the tree serving you for steps. Here statement because of the heavy stand three houses. All about, on swells, but possibly it is nature's trees, on fence posts, on the walls, writing of fissures in the rock. we saw jaw bones of the wild hog. In the kitchen of one house a fire We wished to be at Punta Gorda blazed hotly, and about it sat four bar in time to have the "Three women. Two were young and Sisters" towed up river by a gaso- comely. We got them to talk a line tug due to arrive from Blue- little after much persuasion. The fields that afternoon. We tied on men were away they said. They to the tug, and the "Three Sisters" both belonged originally to Cane and her crew took a rest. We Creek, and both were the wives of chugged up thirty miles of river, one of the young men of the place. through ever changing beauty. The One was rocking her baby in a banks of the river are well popu- hammock as she spoke. After a lated-for this coast, that is-but little while the wife of the headman by Spanish-speaking Nicaraguans, appeared. She knew our Rama Key natives, and made up for the Of the Ramas who once were num-

speechlessness of the rest forth- sions for the coming day, and the with, talking volubly in guttural writer took it out in sleep. tones. She had sent for her husband, and her sons would soon re- When daylight came we found turn. that Cane Creek village boasts five huts, three on the north bank, two George, the headman, came at on the south. Several families were last, and with him his elder broth- away. Isaac, the chief, had mier. Then we gathered in worship; grated to Indian River temporarily, in the open at first, but soon a there to cut a cedar tree and fashshower drove us indoors. Acts 10: ion a boat. The Cane Creek con- 34 and 35 was the basis of the gregation was composed of nine address which Clemente again souls. Again we worshiped in the translated. Throughout his trans- open air, this time with the sound lation, the chief most unconcerned- of the breakers accompanying our ly carried on a dialogue with him, hymns. commenting on what was said. Apparently, most of the sermon met We would gladly have stayed to with his approval. help feast on the spoils of the hunt but other duties called us to Blue- Next day both the tug and the fields, and the winds gave promise "Three Sisters" started dow n of a tedious journey thither. That stream again. As we landed at Cane promise they fulfilled. The crossing Creek we saw a boat shed and at Home Sound bar was a rough hanging from its roof a wild hog one. Just as the "Three Sisters" skinned and quartered. A little reached it, a squall caught us. We to one side the boar's head grinned fairly raced for the roaring breakat us in a ghastly way. That then ers. Torrents of rain drenched us, was the explanation of lights at lightning incessantly blinded us an hour when all good Indians are and made the night seem inky abed. What was more, three other black. But captain and crew hogs decorated a house across the steered by the sound of the break- ers; so we shot across safely. creek, we were told. It had been Thence to Bluefields we flew on the a fortunate day for hunting, evi- wings of the storm, wet and stiff dently. The sight of the meat indeed, but happy to have finished enlivened our crew wonderfully, our mission successfully, to have and there ensued much conversa- seen the remnants of the Rama na- tion, and to have carried the Gostion until late in the night. Mean- pel of Life to a dying people. time Capt. Slate prepared provi- ISLAM DISINTEGRATING I SLAM is dead in Turkey; it is dying in Persia; it has ceased to carry real weight in Egypt; it may survive for eight or ten generations in Arabia and elsewhere, but the basic truths of Christianity will, in the long run, prevail even there. I would make only one proviso, namely, that Christianity itself must be purged of the accretions of tradition and superstition of twenty centuries.

LT. COL. SIR ARNOLD T. WILSON, K.C.I.E., C.S.I., C.M.G,. D.S.a., British Official in Persia.

TIMES IN

BY PHINEAS B. KENNEDY, Kortcha, Albania I LLYRICUM (mentioned in the most ancient races in Europe if Paul's letter to the Romans not the most ancient. According 15: 19) is the ancient name to Professor Max MUller, they are for Albania. The word liri in the of Pelasgic origin which carries us Albanian language signifies "free- back 1200 years B. C. Alexander dom" so that the apostle says that the Great was an Albanian and he has fully preached the Gospel Demosthenes in speaking of Alexround about unto the "land of free- ander's father, Philip of Macedon, dom." He could preach this mes- in "The Philipics," calls him a sage of God's love for sinful men "barbarian." Plutarch also says for he himself had experienced the that Philip addressed his soldiers wonderful salvation of Christ. in his own language and not in He came to Illyricum with the the Greek. Pyrrhus of the Epi_ rotes, Dioclebian of Dalmatia, the saving message of life through Roman Emperor, and probably faith in the crucified and risen Sav- Jerome, who translated the Bible iour of mim. Albania is that very into Latin, were Albanians. These mountainous c 0 u n try situated people have made great leaders north of Greece along the Eastern shore of the Adriatic. Its area is and have ever been renowned for about equal to that of the State of their bravery and faithfulness. Massachusetts. Its population of They are a hardy mountaineer about one and one half million, is race, their name "Shqipebors"

about three-fourths Mohammedan, meaning, "The Eagle People." the remaining one-fourth being The modern history of the AI- about equally divided between the banian people began with the intro- Roman Catholics in the north and duction of the feudal system by the the Greek-Orthodox Catholics in Normans. King John, of theCastri- the south. This land has been lost ota family, held the fief of Croia, sight of and sadly neglected by the which is near the present capital, Christian churches of America and Tirana. When Constantinople fell Great Britain. It is a beautiful in 1453, his son George Castriota country-Switzerland in minia- Skendenbeg led his forces back ture. It has no railroad and its into Albania, regained the throne, mountain torrents cannot be navi- and prevented the Turks from engated but the harbors of Scutari, croaching into Europe. After his Durazzo, Avlona and Saranda bor- death, in 1468, Albania fell under der the Adriatic. From there auto- the Venetians.

mobiles carry travelers into the in- Albania was under the Turks terior. The city of Kortcha, or when Mrs. Kennedy and I were Corytza as it is sometimes spelled, first sent out as missionaries by is the largest city in the southern the American Board in 1907. The half of Albania and may best be presumption was that to carry on reached from the harbors of the Christian educational missionary north or west or from Salonica in work there was going to be a slow Greece. process. Hilum Pasha, the repre- The Albanians belong to one of sentative of the Turks, sent a tele- 600

DIFFICULT TIMES IN ALBANIA

AMERICAN ~USSION SCHOOL. KOR'l'CHA. ALBANIA gram ahead "Here comes the Amer- York, owing to the submarine ican, hinder him all you can." catastrophes, we put our trust in They put our Albanian preacher, God, and went back to Greece. Rev. Gligor Tsilka, into prison. After a year in mission work in During the Balkan wars when the Salonica we were enabled to re- Mohammedan Albanian patriot Is- enter Albania and were able to remail Qemal Bey, left his position in establish the work. Now that the parliament at Constantinople, Albania was freed from the Turkand returned to his home at Avlona ish yoke, the need and opportunity where he first erected the Albania were far beyond the financial flag on November 28, 1912, I was ability of the American Board. Inejected by the Greeks. I was prov- stead of one family, the work called identially guided into relief work for four or six. Dr. James L. Baramongst the starving Albanians of ton wrote that if another Board the north, whose villages had been could take up the work in a more burned, and during this experience efficient way they would turn the the Mbret Wm. de Wied, who work over to them. Unfortunately was appointed by the Powers of the great plan of the Methodist Europe, came to rule the country Church to take this land for Christ in March, 1914. While Albania along the lines of Christian educawas being devastated by moving tion never came to realization. armies in the World War, there After prayer, Mrs. Kennedy and I was a great opportunity for mis- decided to go back as a venture of sionary service. Though all ship- faith, in order to conserve the in- ping had been called off from New terests of Christ's cause until this

matter between the Mission Boards any American institution where was adjusted. At a meeting in the the English language is required. Park street Church in Boston, we were pointed out by Dr. Conrad as It has been my hope to find some two people who were going to the American Mission Board that mission field but had no Mission could see its way clear to take title Board to send us. Voluntary con:..' to our property, and encourage this tributions and the putting of all work of evangelization in Albania. our personal property into the Every Board is interested but no work have enabled us to go on. The one of them feels able to take title Kortcha Mission plant is now to the property as this would invalued at about $25,000, and is out volve responsibility for solving the of debt. Mrs. Daniel H. Martin problem. I am encouraged by The donated the main $15,000 building Foreign Missions Conference of as a memorial to her husband, my, North America of 419 Fourth Aveclassmate, and Mrs. Mary Stewart nue to continue to push on indigave money for the two adjoining vidually. We are deeply conscious lots. Our coeducational school of of our need of the prayers of God's 100 schola.rs has two boarding de- people.* As the late Dr. Reuben A. partments, one for girls and the Torrey once said, "Sincere prayer other for small boys. We employ means more than money." Pray seven Albanian teachers, and that we may be given grace and greatly need an additional wing. wisdom to be faithful and efficient The Albanian government will give servants of Christ, ever looking to no aid but we are allowed to hold Him "whose we are and whom we title to the property. Our school of would serve." A great and effecsix grades is under the national in- tual door is opened unto us and spector and has all the lessons re- there are many adversaries. quired by the national curriculum, as well as English and the Bible in * 'l~his work is E'ntirely dependent upon all of our classes. Graduates from voluntary free"will offerings which may be sent our school can be admitted into to The Alhanian Mission Fund. care of Guar· anty 'Trust Company of New York. 140 Broad~ way, Xc,,," York.

SACRIFICIAL GIVING IN CHINA W HILE Churches at Home are debating whether to put on an every-member canvass, there comes from overseas inspiring reports of what sacrifices are being made by Chinese workers of Foochow: In spite of bandits and unsettled political conditions in China, self-support is being pushed this year by the every-member canvass. At the dispensary, the man in charge was a church member who, after losing eight of his ten fingers, had been saved from lockjaw by our missionary doctor. When the pastor gave him the subscription book, he took the Chinese brush in the one finger left on his right hand and wrote down his subscription for the year, equal to a month's wages.

Do American Christians care enough for the work to dedicate even a day's income to the Church ?-The Christian Advocate.

STANLEY JONES ANSWERS

CRITICS· "If the critics can show me, by demonstration, how to win more men to Jesus Christ than I am doing, I will sit at their feet. UnW then I must go my way, remembering that to my oum Master I stand or fall."

As India is the chosen place of my with redemption from sin that it never work for Christ, and has been for occurred to me that anyone would many years and I hope for many years think of them as being separate or to come, I am under obligation to that we could have one without the make some things clear to puzzled other. I should have been more ex- friends who have read criticisms of plicit and should have mentioned "re- "Christ of the Indian Road." After demption from sin" as one of the needs going through a series of meetings of all men and of India in particular.

among the non-Christians with me and (A paragraph to this effect has been hearing me plead with them about sin, inserted in the latest editions of the about Christ's atoning death for sin, book). That anyone who found the about the deep necessity for conversion omission in the book but had known and the new birth, about one's alle- the background of my Christian ex- giance to Christ taking in the inner perience and my subsequent preaching and the other life, thereby involving could have thought that the omission spiritual conversion and open declara- represented my position seemed ab- tion before the world through baptism surd. For me finding God involved and joining the Christian Church, repentance, and faith in the Divine some friends would be puzzled to find Saviour, Jesus Christ, with its conse- that my critics were saying that I quent spiritual conversion (see chapter omitted these very things. It is for on Conversion-Horizontal and Verti- these puzzled friends that I write. cal in "Christ at the Round Table") According to the criticisms that have so that the whole was inextricably come to me the objections to my views bound up together.

as found in "The Christ of the Indian (2) In my book when I mentioned Road" center around four things: the Cross I expected the content of my own thinking to be put into the words, (1) Sin and repentance, (2) the but again I was mistaken, for my Cross, (3) baptism and the Christian critics emptied the words of meaning Church and (4) the relationship of and implied that this was my attitude. Christianity and Hinduism. There The cross cannot have too rich a meanmay be others, but these are central. ing for me. My attitude toward the Cross might be put this way: I find (1) The objection is made that in that in a home where love meets sin, the book where I state the three great at the junction of the two a Cross is needs of the human heart of India are: set up. Here love suffers and the purer "an adequate goal for character, a free and deeper the love the more intense full life, God," that here redemption the suffering. That suffering is vifrom sin is left out, and therefore the carious–what should have fallen on above three things are inadequate. the guilty one falls on the innocent Here I am inclined to agree with my one. If God is Love-and He is-then critics. I remember when I wrote it when that Love meets our sin-as it there was a question in my mind as did in the Incarnation-a Cross is set to the adequacy of the statement, but decided that it was covered in the last up. It is inevitable for it is the nature -"God." In my own experience finding God was so inextricably bound up of love to insinuate itself into the sins • )Crom The Ghri.tian Patriot, Madras, India. and sorrows of others. It cannot be 603

love and stay out and if it gets in it baptism to their consciences." If not suffers. That suffering is vicarious to their consciences, then to whose?

-what should have fallen on us falls They must decide after studying the on Him. This is not something im- New Testament. This approach has posed on life arbitrarily, but it is in- resulted in many accepting Christ and herent in the very nature of things. later expressing that fact in baptism.

(3) As to baptism and the Christian But it is a far more serious hindrance Church, those who have been in my to the Kingdom of God to urge uncon- meetings with non-Christians know verted people to baptism, than that that view about the necessity of bap- one solitary couple should hesitate to tism runs something like this: We take Christian baptism considering live two lives, one inward and before inner allegiance sufficient. How many God and the other outward and before educated non-Christians, close up to the world-which life does Christ the point of accepting Christ but, want? When the non-Christian stumbling over unconverted but answers "The inner life," my reply is: baptised "Christians," hesitate to take Yes, first of all the inner for the outer Christian baptism? Such a question without the inner is hypocrisy, but He shows us the place that is the chief wants both, for the inner without the hindrance.

outer is also hypocrisy. Baptism is (4) Concerning my attitude toward an outer declaration of the inner alle- Hinduism I think I have made that giance. Not' declaring that inner fact quite plain in "Christ at the Round it is the most barren of things-it is Table." There has been a great fear blasphemy. Tens of thousands have that sympathetic attitudes toward come into the Christian Church declar- truths found in Hinduism or elsewhere ing what is not, and if some of us have may result in a syncretism. I share thrown the emphasis on the inner fact that fear. One of the greatest dangers it is to seek to restore the balance. But before Christianity at the present time that does not mean that we do not be- is the increasing attitudes tending to- lieve in the New Testament rite of ward syncretism. At the heart of the baptism. We believe in it so much Gospel is a core of exclusiveness. We that we would restore it to its New cannot escape it. Christ is not Testament position from the desper- presented in the Gospels as one of the ately low position it has fallen to in good ways, or even the best way, but India where it has been made the de- the Way. Nor is He presented as termining thing as to whether a man bringing good truths, nor even the best is a Christian apart from the question of truths, but He is the Truth.

of inner fact and outer conduct. This statement makes clear some One thing hurt me deeply. It was differences; "Eclecticisms pick and said that a couple were ready for choose, syncretisms combine but only baptism until they read my book and life assimilates." Christianity shuns afterwards they refused, not consider- an eclectisism, it refuses a syncretism, ing it necessary. I would like to see but it does assimilate, for it is Life.

them and undo any injury that any A plant reaches into the soil and takes statements of mine had done them. I but elements that are akin to its own would urge them to take Christian nature but all the time its life is its baptism, provided I felt they had ac- own-it is not a compromise nor a cepted Christ in inner allegiance. patchwork of elements gathered from Where they could find a statement in everywhere-the laws of its own na- my book from which they would con- ture determined the disposition of clude that I did not consider baptism those elements. Christianity is a liv- important I cannot understand. The ing thing-it took from Judaism only one is where I suggest that I ask elements akin to its own nature, in- the non-Christians to accept Christ corporated them into itself, but its life as their Saviour and that I will "leave was its own and Christianity, not

DR. STANLEY JONES ANSWERS HIS CRITICS

Judaism, determined the final result. ligion, but all the time gathering up In like manner in its virility and in itself expressions of truth akin to vitality Christianity reached into its own life and using them, so Chris- Greek thought, took out the Greek tianity will displace Hinduism, all the idea of "the Word," brought it up in- time gathering up any truth found to its own life, put new content into there. This displacement will come it and said, "In the beginning was the the quicker as Hindus see in Chris- Word and the Word was with God and tianity the finest elements of the old the Word was God." Similarly it will plus something that is lacking there, reach into India's thought and culture, namely Christ. But Christ is not pick out such conceptions as bhakti merely a prolongation of other truths and dhayan, assimilate them into its -He is not merely more-He is own life, put new content in them, "other." Bein.g more He fulfills the eliminating the unworthy and untrue, .best in.ancient faiths and systems, but but using the basic good, yet all the being other He becomes our Retime these will be used according to deemer. Being like us but more, He the laws that govern the life in Christ becomes our Guide and Example, beand the end will not be an accommoda- ing unlike us and Divine, hence other, tion but an assimilation, not a patch- He becomes our Saviour. work, but Life using and fulfilling, but all the time qetermining what the re- It would be untrue to say that I do sult will be. not mind criticism. I do. But I have learned to make my critics, "the un- One critic asks whether the end will paid watchmen of my soul," and if the be, in my view, the evolution of Hin- critics can show me, by demonstraduism into Christianity or its dis- tion, how to win more men to Jesus placement by Christianity. My Christ than I am doing I will sit at unhesitating answer is that it will be their feet. Until then I must go my displacement. Just as Christianity way remembering that to my own displaced the Greek systems of re- Master I stand or fall.

THE NAVAL OFFICER'S OBJECTION One day in a hotel near Poona I sat beside a naval officer, an infantry major and a sergeant-major. The naval officer said: "Why don't these missionaries stay at home and mind their business? Why do they come out here and worry these people?"

It was the time of the Armenian massacres and there were rumors that the British fleet might be ordered to Constantinople. I turned to the officer and said: "Suppose that you were ordered to take your battleship to Constantinople tomorrow, and I were to say, 'Why don't you stay here and mind your business? There is no sense in your going to the Bosporus.'''

The man's eyes flashed as he said, "I would tell you to mind your own business; if we are ordered to go we must go, even if every ship is sunk and every sailor killed."

"Quite right, my friend," I replied, "I have marching orders, not from any human government, but from the divine government. My command is to preach the Gospel to every creature. India has one-fifth of the population of the world, and the primary question is not what the cost is but whether I am going to obey the command of my Lord and Saviour."-Robert P. Wilder.

A SACRED 'SPOT IN AN AFRICAN VILLAGE-'fHIS IS 'fIlE "ALTAR ." SPEARS

ARE PLACED AGAINS'f IT TO PUT THE~[ IN CARE OF ANCESTRAL RPIRIT~ -1JI. 11'. NmUh .

A "COMING-OUT" PARTY IN NIGERIA BY ELIZABETH McDONALD WILKINSON, Onitsha .rlHssionury oj the Church .Mls8ionat'y Society T HIRTY miles we have come, to the rhythM in which their to Umunze, to a tiny crum- bodies, as one body, are caught. It bling Rest House built of sweeps them along through the dim mud and mats in a clearing of the fields; it plunges them again into forest. I sit in a deck chair before the dark of the trees; it moves the door, idle and completely them, controls them, beats through happy. At my elbow a lamp casts them and around them. Here sure- its soft glow out into the shadowy ly is a voice, as authentic as the star-haunted night that has crept crash of the hurricane, the whisper up around us. Fields glimmer of wind in the palms, but more in- faintly in the starlight; beyond dividual than these, more signi- them rises the wall of trees, blank ficant, more expressive. In this in the darkness. fierce wild ecstasy, too wild for From far away comes the throb- gaiety, too fierce for beauty, does bing of many voices, the clash of Africa speak?

metal, the strange violent rhythm All night echoes of rejoicing of tom-toms. The noise grows and throb on in the town. In a neigh- grows until a swaying lantern boring village famous for its spark gleams out from the forest, priest-craft the girls have been and following it comes a group of cicatrized with marks showing forty or fifty girls, chanting and their readiness for marriage; they dancing. Their voices follow the have gone jingling in brass and same half score of notes over and ivory, they have gone singing and over, one voice leading, and all the dancing, to be cut with knives by others coming in at the end with the priests of Ezira. It is the com- a shout. Their brass anklets clash ing-of-age feast. Umunze rejoices.

606

EAS'!' SIDE nOMES AND PLAYGROUND FOR CHILDREN OF NEW .MERICANS

PRESENTING CHRIST TO NEW AMER]CANS BY REV. A. H. McKINNEY, D.D., Supwrintrnd(mt oj the Netv York Oity MiRRion Society I N ANY complex American city, with traditions, habits and out- there are many agencies for looks of many lands and with vari- the physical, mental and social ous religious beliefs and practices development of the people of all deeply embedded in their very naclasses. In New York this problem tures. In many instances these is made more complex by the num- newcomers come with a desire to ber of the unassimilated who have cast off all their old traditions and recently come from other lands. to enjoy what they ignorantly con- The New York City Mission Soci- sider to be the liberty of this gloriety has been serving new Ameri- ous land of the free. To them cans for over a century and enters liberty spells license. A study of heartily in various ways into the newspapers for one week, will give multitudinous activities in which evidence of this in the names of many other agencies engage, but criminals. Added to embedded underlying all that is done for these characteristics are the out-growing people by the society is the con- ambitions of those who expect to viction that their supreme need is find here their EI Dorado. Disapfor Jesus Christ. Anything that pointed at first many of them releaves Christ out, leaves out the sort to crime in order to gain what best and greatest power for the they think the world owes them as good of these people. Accordingly a livelihood; others lose heart and prayer, plans and work are based drift as best they can; while many on this dictum: CHRIST FOR OUR others become useful citizens and NEIGHBORS FROM OTHER LANDS. loyal followers of Christ.

These varied multitudes come Superstition characterizes many 607

of these new comers. Opposite one rooms, social rooms and class of the city mission churches is a rooms are provided, as well as cemetery. From time to time its places for worship and instruction. keeper has been approached by a A camp for boys and young men new American with a request for of over a thousand acres forms a piece of bone of some skeleton part of the society's equipment. interred in its vaults. Questioning Years ago we accepted this addielicits the fact that the bone seeker tional dictum. In this endeavor to believes that if the bone is put into lead others to Christ, flesh and soup and administered it will cure blood are far more important than a diseased child. From this super- brick and mortar. Accordingly we stition the gamut runs all the way place more reliance upon living up to the act of picking up a pin workers than upon fine buildings, with its point toward one, spitting which are made as attractive as SOME RUSSIAN CHILDREN-WHAT WILL WE DO WITH THEM?

on the point and throwing it over possible. Unless the workers are the finder's left shoulder for good guided and empowered by the Holy luck. Spirit, they cannot survive long, for the work is difficult, exacting, To bring Christ to these people, tedious and in many cases disapand to teach them His way of life, pointing. Even after there is a is a task that requires great faith, nominal acceptance of Christ as perseverance and patience. Like Saviour and Lord, old superstitions the Apostle Paul, the city mission- often continue their influences in ary must be "all things to all men" baffling forms. The worker must in order that he may win some. therefore have a Power outside Accordingly institutional churches himself to enable him to cope with are equipped and manned so as to the difficulties of the situation. meet people on the planes on which they live. Reading rooms, play DeWitt Memorial Church, located rooms, gymnasiums, baths, club in the heart of the Ghetto in south-

PRESENTING CHRIST TO NEW AMERICANS

eastern Manhattan, has had a re- staff and volunteer workers come markable history, running through into contact with nearly two thouforty-eight years. When it was sand Spanish-speaking people from established, the surrounding houses seventeen different countries. Here were occupied by English-speaking are conducted various activities for people. Now it is difficult to find the physical, mental and social benan adult in the polyglot neighbor- efit of these Latins from other hood whose native tongue is Eng- lands, but the main emphasis is put lish. For the benefit of adults on the church school and the repreaching services are held and re- ligious services; the former is conligious instruction is given in Eng- ducted in English for the young lish, German, Italian and Russian, people and in Spanish for the while for children and young peo- adults and the latter in Spanish.

BRINGING A SPANISH GROUP UNDER CHRISTIAN TRAINING pie many varied activities are car- These new comers respond to the ried on in English. From this appeal of Christ. Though poor in spiritual lighthouse have gone purse, they contribute largely to forth large numbers of Christian the work of the Kingdom, not only workers who are now laboring for in connection with the home church the spread of the Kingdom in New but for the evangelization of Spain York City and in various parts of and other lands. In 1928, during America and foreign lands. The the visitation evangelism camappeal to new Americans, based paign, seventy of these church upon the Gospel of Jesus Christ, members went out with their minhas been eminently successful. ister and other leaders to present Christ to their neighbors. As a In another part of the city is the result four hundred and seventy Spanish Evangelical Church, Its 3

new contacts were made with those Czechoslovak or Greek as well as who expressed a willingness to at- in English. With a loving heart, tend the church services and be- a sympathetic understanding of the come interested in its activities. history and the longings of those A similar campaign conducted in to be benefited, the approach is 1929, through the efforts of the real friendship. The chief endeavemployed staff and volunteers, re- or is to show Christ incarnate in suIted in three hundred and thirty the worker to those who may scoff new contacts. The principal means at religion because they are ignorof evangelization in this church is ant of what the Christian religion through house to house visitation. is. As the work is not denomina- At the close of the preaching serv- tional, the approach and the appeal ices on many Sundays an appeal are always made in the name of for personal acceptance of Christ Christ and not in the terms or lanas Saviour is responded to by large guage of a particular sect.

THE CHOIR OF AN ITALIAN EVANGELICAL CHURCH IN NEW YORK numbers. In 1928 eighty-six people The ways of approach are variunited with the church, most of ous. Now it may be a trained nurse them on confession of faith in who comes as an angel of mercy Christ. in a time of illness. At another time some greatly appreciated Methods are as varied as the service is performed for one in races since those to be interested need. When one of our woman are personalities with physical, missionaries passed into the larger mental, social, ethical and spiritual life, at the funeral service Matthew elements differing widely. For 25 : 35-40 was read. Those present each group there is a clergyman recognized that in a very real sense and one or more workers of their these statements were true of the own race, so that we have ministers one who had gone to her reward. who preach in German, Italian, Spanish, Russian, Ukrainian, She was representative of all our for physical welfare the spiritual workers. is kept to the fore. Bibles, gospels, home department quarterlies and Thirteen ordained ministers, ten other religious literature are dismale layworkers, twenty-four lady tributed. Invitations to church missionaries and ten trained nurses services, church school and various are constantly at work. There are other religious meetings are peralso many volunteer and occasion- sonally extended, while religious al workers. Outside the church instruction is patiently and lovingbuildings, which are open from ly given in the homes of those who Sunday morning to Saturday night, for any reason cannot or will not with gatherings of many kinds in attend the services. progress, our chief efforts are in homes. From birth until death we The stress laid on the spiritual minister to the needs of these peo- side of the work is well worthple. Thousands of visits are made while. In 1928 two hundred and for all sorts of purposes-anything fifty-two persons united with five that calls for help from the arrival of our churches, the large majority of a new baby, caring for chil- on confession of faith in Christ. dren, fresh air work, finding em- This evidence of spiritual life and ployment for youths and adults, fruitage makes us most grateful to assisting agencies for preventing the Lord of the vineyard and enor curing disease, preparing for a courages us to go forward in our funeral and conducting a funeral endeavor to bring Christ to the service. All these and more come new Ameri,cans that swarm our within the scope of our workers. city and threaten our civilization.

While this help is being given ARE MISSIONARIES WANTED IN BRAZIL?

BY REV. ERASMO BRAGA, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL EX-Moderator oj the Genera.l Assembly oj the Presbyterian Ohurch oj Brazil SOUTH AMERICA occupies through the radio, airplane, mov- an area of 7,500,000 square ing-picture and the Bible, which is miles. Brazil covers one- the best seller in Brazil. half of South America, and has a population of some 35,000,000. Immigration is rapidly changing There is in South America only the type of the population as is one ordained Evangelical Christian minister for every 156,250 per- seen from the fact that the recent sons; in Brazil, one to 35,550. tide of eastern immigrants, has The population is most dense brought 75,000 Japanese to Brazil, around Rio de Janeiro, in Central many of whom are now owners of Brazil, Recife, in North Brazil, and small farms. Porto Alegre, in South Brazil. The hinterland is thinly populated. Brazil, as well as her sister na- A few railways penetrated into the tions of Latin America, emerging interior before the great war and out of three centuries of isolation recently, motor roads are increas- from the great currents which had ing the facilities of transportation. been reshaping EUrope since the Great c han g e s are occurring Reformation, faced all the prob- lems of political independence, at the beginning of the nineteenth century under the leadership of :;mch men as Jose Bonifacio and Synod of Brazil (1888) and for Gonsalves Ledo, who were far forty-one years the management of ahead of their generation. The the affairs of this body has been fifty years which followed the dec- entirely in the hands of an auton- laration of independence (1822) omous National Council. A split were troublous and reactionary. resulted in the formation of the At the time when Brazil, and the Independent Presbyterian Church Spanish-speaking countries of this of which no foreign missionary has continent were entering the era of ever become a minister. Hundreds stability, the pioneers of Protes- of Protestant church members in tant missions landed in Buenos Brazil have never seen a foreign Aires and Rio de Janeiro. This mISSIOnary. The other commu- providential coincidence is remark- nities are in process of thorough able. nationalization.

The missionary enterprise in In the second place, these Prot- Brazil has resulted in the forma- estant communities have a re- tion of a community of some 100,- markable missionary spirit. They 000 Evangelical church members. have been self-propagating on Add to these 300,000 German Prot- their own territory and have sent estants and 4,000 British Evan- missionaries to Portugal.

gelicals. A careful estimate of the A third feature is that, on ac- number of children in the usually count of their evangelistic activ- large Protestant families and the ities and their dissemination upon statistics of baptised infants show a vast territory, they lack an ade- that the Protestant community of quate organization of their admin- Brazil is some 750,000 strong. The istrative machinery, and have not number of adherents, inquirers, deepened their religious life. We and friendly observers, would raise have reached the point when ur- the figure to one million. gent help is needed to save this Six denominations, under regu- great Church from crumbling lar conventions, conferences, syn- under the weight of the great re- ods or Assembly, have been sults achieved. Statesmanship is established. Some missions show the great need of our day. De- a tendency to develop new denom- pending largely on their own re- inational organizations and there sources, the indigenous churches are besides a few independent are in danger of being swamped by groups. the i r growing responsibilities.

These Protestant churches in Their leaders are overworked.

Brazil have some outstanding Their smaller problems and petty traits. First, there is their strong differences of opinion frequently national consciousness. The Con- loom larger in their councils than gregational Churches, formed by a the great strategic plans under dis- group of refugees from Madeira, cussion.

under the leadership of the Scot- tish Dr. Kalley, has never been SOME INFERENCES affiliated with any foreign organ- The national churches realise ization. The Presbyterian mis- that the rapid changes in social sions, thirty-six years after the life, as well as the vastness of the landing of their pioneer A. G. Si- evangelistic task before them, de- monton (1852), merged into the mand an enlarged cooperation of the missionary forces on the field. more and more the cooperation of The call from thousands and thou- missionaries, as companions, adsands of heathen Indians in the in- visors, partners, in evangelism and terior, the appeal of millions of social reconstruction, is most valu- able, needed and de:;ired. nominal Christians who merely mumble a few prayers learned by In Brazil, the most recent ex- periment in training Christian heart and who recite some doctri- workers, based on a study of long nal statements, the whirling indus- years of the national system of education, curricula 0:( theological trialisation of the whole continent, schools and the needs of the counthe disproportionately small num- try, will yield the first ponderable results in eight or ten years. Up ber of Christian workers to the to this time, the pre-theological population, are terribly heavy upon preparation of the ministry has been inadequate. During this periour hearts. The hinterland is still od, the whole system of ecclesiastipractically unoccupied. The Ama- cal finances should be reformed.

zon valley, where the rush for land Those who are responsible for the future of this country under and rich stores of raw materials the impression of the great opporattracts an sorts of adventurers, is tunities before us and of the ina challenge to the best in the mis- evitable clash of materialism with sionary spirit. the spiritual forces at work on this field cannot but feel uneasy, when The need for an increase in the rumors reach our hearing that missionary forces of Brazil is em- missions today are questioned and phasized by the following facts: that their supporters are losing sight of the immense task and (1) A number of unoccupied areas, wonderful opportunities before us. among the fields already developed, call for rented halls, residences and schools, After three and a half centuries which cannot be provided for by the of stagnation, Brazil was opened overburdened national congregations in to a new life just when the Prot- Brazil. estant missions were established here. It is not a mere coincidence (2) The new fields on the outskirts that strong and active Protestant of civilization, where mushroom towns minorities have developed paraland villages are springing up at the ap- lel to the economic and social progpearance of the motor car, are "no man's ress of the country, into a Church land." Home missions in the immediate deeply rooted in the vitals of the neighborhood are hardly possible as an nation. We know what is at stake extension of parish work. in this matter of evangelising our country. We will welcome all who (3 The new lines of advance of mis- may come and share with us the sionary work in social service, research, great opportunities of giving right religious education, cooperation, call now the Gospel to a great nation for experts and equipment far beyond in the making. We want the best the resources of the national church. that North America and England The results achieved by the Committee have in universities and semion Cooperation in Brazil and the secre- naries to come over and help us. tariat of the World's Sunday-School Association constitute a challenge for an enlargement of missionary endeavor on highly specialized lines. The integration of Latin America into the International Missionary Council implies the development of activities on the field that demand the cooperation of missionaries with a special training for certain tasks.

The time has come when the nationals must have the initiative and the responsibility in shaping policies and carrying out some ac- tivities which touch the inner chords of national sentiment. But

A CHRISTIAN

A TESTIMONY TO EBEN ERSKINE OLCOTT, of New York BY REV. WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, PH.D.

A good man and true, a gracious most Christian laymen of his city and forceful personality, a friend and of his day. His high sense of to many good causes, Eben Erskine honor, his business ability, his con- Olcott of New York City, passed scientious discharge of every duty from our earthly fellowship on laid upon him, his undaunted faitn June 5, 1929. A descendant of the and courage, his loyalty and faith- Olcott family which came to Con- fulness, made him a valuable coun- necticut early in the 17th century, sellor in many organizations. He he was born in the City of New was an active member and an of- York on March 11, 1854, the son ficer of the Laymen's Movement ()f John N. Olcott and Euphemia which exercised so wide an influ- Helen Knox. He was a student at ence throughout the country in the the College 'of the City of New decade preceding the War. He was York, and was graduated from a past President of the American Columbia School of Mines, in 1874. Institute of Mining Engineers, and Tn 1884 he married Kate Van of the United Engineering Society. Santvoord, eldest daughter of the During his administration as late Commodore Van Santvoord, President of the Hudson River Day founder of the Hudson River Day Line the largest and most beautiful Line. steamboats were added to its splen- did fleet. He also inaugurated the Mr. Olcott's whole life, with the Christian services of worship on the exception of a few years, spent as Day Line and carried many mis- sionary parties freely up and down a mining engineer in Mexico and the Hudson River. In 1909 he in- South America, was passed in augurated the Tercentenary Celethe American metropolis. His an- bration of Hendrick Hudson's discestry was prominent in the life of covery of the river which bears old New York and long identified his name and so directed the celewith the oldest Church on Man- bration that it became noteworthy, hattan Island, the Reformed Dutch not only as a civic, but as a re- Church. From his earliest years ligious observance. he was an earnest Christian and a devoted and active member of the Mr. Olcott had wide and varied Church. For ten years he was suc- interests. He belonged to the Sons cessively Deacon and Ruling Elder of the Revolution, the Pilgrims Soin the Consistory of the Collegiate ciety and the St. Nicholas Society R.eformed Church of New York and was affiliated with the Metro- City, giving liberally of his time politan Museum of Art and the and thought and money to promote American Museum of Natural Hisits wide and varied interests. He tory. But his first concern was for was a tower of strength to the those things which are vitally con- Church which he loved devotedly nected with the extension of the and served faithfully for many Kingdom of Christ. For twentyyears.

Mr. Olcott was one of the fore- eight years he was an active and 614 EBI~N EllSKINE OLCO'I"l'-A CHRISTIAN LAYMAN influential and generous member member of the Board of Managers of the Board of Foreign Missions of the American Bible Society and of the Reformed Church and was was treasurer of several missionchosen as one of the few represent- ary and benevolent organizations. atives of this Board and Church Many individuals and societies to attend the great Ecumenical bear in grateful memory the broad Missionary Conference at Edin- sympathy, the tireless fidelity and burgh in 1910. He was also a the rare service he gave to great

enterprises; the kindly, friendly, ries of the Church. Their generous thoughtful courtesy with which he benefactiops were given so unosblessed innumerable individuals, tentatiously that no one knew how and the faith which kept him in widely and helpfully they were dishumble and contented reliance tributed. His was a life fruitful in upon the grace of God and devoted every good word and work, honorto the worship and work of the ed of man and blessed of God. He Church of Christ. rests from his labors and his works do follow him. Both in private and in business life he was a witness to the grace "Well done, good and faithful of the Gospel. His personality was servant, thou has been faithful radiant with it. He and Mrs. Ol- over a few things, I will make thee cott made tlieir beautiful home a ruler over many things: enter haven of rest for many missiona- thou into the joy of thy Lord."

WHAT MEN HAVE SAID OF PRAYER Whoever prays most, helps most.-Williarn Goodell.

Every step in the progress of missions is directly traceable to prayer.- Arthur T. Pierson.

He who faithfully prays at home does as much for foreign missions as the man on the field, for the nearest way to the heart of a Hindu or a Chinaman is by way of the throne of God.-Eugene Stock.

Let us advance upon our knees.-Joseph Hardy Neesima.

Communion without service is a dream; service without communion is ashes.-Robert E. Speer.

I never prayed sincerely for anything but it came, at some time-no matter at how distant a day-somehow, in some shape-it came.-Adoniram Judson.

I have resolved to pray more and to pray always; to pray in all places, where quietness inviteth, in the house, on the highway, and on the street; and to know no street or passage in this city that may not witness that I have not forgotten God.-Sir Thomas Browne.

I resolve to devote an hour morning and evening to private prayer, no pretense, no excuse whatsoever.-John It'ealey.

Ten minutes spent in Christ's society every day; aye ten minutes, if it be face to face and heart to heart, will make the whole life different.-Henry Drummond.

We must not conceive of prayer as an overcoming of God's reluctance, but as a laying hold of His highest willingness.-Archbishop Trench.

On all my expeditions prayer made me stronger, morally and mentally, than any of my non-praying companions. It lifted me hopefully over the one thousand five hundred miles of forest tracks.-Henry M. Stanley.

Prayer is like opening a sluice between the great ocean and our little channels, when the sea gathers itself together and flows in at full tide.-Lord Tennyson.

I am so busy now that if I did not spend two or three hours each day in prayer, I could not get through the day.-Martin Luther.

HAVANA CHRISTIAN

BY REV. EDWARD A. ODELL, New York H AVANA has just been host so that the scope of the Congress to the Hispanic-American and its influence must extend far Evangelical Congress-and beyond the Caribbean area. How- Havana knows how to be host. ever, the largest delegations were, This is the third Latin American of course, from countries near at congress that has been held in the hand. Cuba, Mexico and Porto interests of Latin solidarity and of Rico were present in force. better understanding of the work This was probably the first mis- and problems involved in the evan- sionary congress of an interna- gelical cause throughout Spanish- tional character that has been pro- speaking America. Missionaries moted, organized and carried to a and national leaders of North and conclusion entirely by nationals. South America met in Panama in The Spanish language was used 1916, and in 1925 the Latin Ameri- throughout and none of the adcan Evangelical leaders assembled dresses were repeated through an at Montevideo. The recent confer- interpreter. Mission Board repreence at Havana included delegates sentatives and official delegates from the northern part of South from abroad were there as guests America and the Caribbean area. of the organizing committee, which The organizers hoped that its in- was appointed by the Havana Minfluence might not be confined to the isters Association. Caribbean area, and the countries The second feature that attracted represented included Cuba, Spain, attention was the entire freedom the Spanish-speaking churches in from a sense of domination. The the United States, Porto Rico, delegates had been chosen by Central America, the Dominican groups in their own countries be- Republic, Colombia, Venezuela, and cause of their leadership. From Mexico. For more than a week the the very first it was evident that groups studied the evangelical these representatives were in Hasolidarity and its message, nation- vana to express their understandalism and self-support, evangeliza- ing of the evangelical situation and tion, work among the Indians, the to discuss its problems with open evangelical school, religious educa- minds. There was a delightful tion, ministerial culture, the church spirit of independence, and a spirit and the community, industrial and of joy that prevaded the meetings. rural problems, medical work, When the Organizing and Nomiwomen in the evangelical church nating Committees made their reand literature. Representatives of ports, the congress decided it would all of the countries above named, prefer younger men, requested a and visitors from other countries, new 1ift of nominations, and unanimissionaries representing British mously elected them. The congress societies and South American coun- had in mind to attend to its own tries, and Spanish countries south business in a spirit of kindliness of Panama, as well as Brazil, and efficiency that left no ground formed part of these study groups, for ill will.

617

A third oub;tanding character- a well known writer. The first deistic of the congress was the ex- pression of the desire to cooperate votional service was conducted by with the agencies that have been carrying on mission work in these Dr. Ortz Gonzalez, who is known countries. The spirit of Latin solidarity was not in any sense as an author throughout the Spa:nantagonistic to Anglo-Saxon fellowship. The Organizing Com- ish-speaking world. The congress mittee had requested and received the assistance of the Committee on was welcomed in the Marti Theatre Cooperation in Latin America through its executive secretary, by the Secretary of State for Cuba, Dr. Samuel Guy Inman. At different times representatives of the Dr. Francisco Maria Fernandez, Mission Boards were requested to give their opinion and interpreta- who represented President Machtion of matters under discussion. Definite expressions of gratitude ado. The reply to the address of to foreign' workers were also written into the minutes. At the same welcome was made by a delegate to time the following resolution was passed expressing the Latin Amer- the congress from Mexico, Mr. ican point of view: Herminio Rodriguez, former dep- "It is sufficiently proven that in the Hispanic-American countries of the Car- uty of the Mexican National Conibbean area there are national elements capable of assuming leadership of the gress. The president of the conwork, and therefore it is time for them to do so. In order that there may always gress, Sr. Gonzalez Baez Camango, be a leadership it is necessary that the greatest support for their education be of Mexico, devotes his entire time provided." to teaching and religious education. While the feeling of cordiality and companionship between the Dr. Angel Archilla Cabrera, vicedifferent nationalities was delightful, representatives of mission president, is superintendent of boards attending the congress must have felt the necessity for a Presbyterian Missions in Porto thorough study of their attitude to the development of native leader- Rico. One of the honorary viceship. presidents was Dr. Juan B. Huyke, Among the one hundred and ninety-nine delegates who came to commissioner of education for Havana, there were many laymen of national reputation and min- Porto Rico, another, Dr, Erasmo isters whose preaching and pastoral work have won ~laces of Braga, of Brazil, was chairman of prominence. The chairman of the organizing committee was Dr. Jose the Montevideo Congress and a Marcial Dorado, a representative of the American Bible Society and delegate to the Jerusalem Congress from Latin America.

Here are some of the high points in the reports of the commissions: Nationalism was defined as: "The purpose and endeavor to secure complete self-support and self-government and the extension of work, without separation from the spiritual fellowship of the Church Universal."

It was urged: "That national churches endeavor to organize committees of lit- erature which shall collect funds with which to pay for the pUblication of evan- gelical works. That missionary socie- ties and national churches designate a definite part of their budgets, not to ex- ceed ten per cent, for the promotion of literature. That it is of the greatest importance to raise the standards of our publications in order that they may merit the attention of persons who are awake to contemporary problems."

In the interests of world peace, it was recommended: "That the Church, whose Teacher and Saviour is He who is called Prince of Peace, shall devote itself with all fervor to the task of propagating the idea and the ideal of universal peace, sustaining with all its power and vigor

THE HAVANA CHRISTIAN CONGRESS

the movements and institutions that tend service, as well as the needs in to establish peace and harmony throughout the world by means of more sympa- densely populated industrial cen- thetic relations of individuals, peoples ters. The commission also recog- and races." nized "the necessity of awakening The commission on indigenous a social consciousness in the races of the Latin American coun- church. If the church ignores the tries reported that there are 347 problems of the masses, the masses Indian dialects in Latin America, will ignore the church."

that many of these tribes are en- A delegate from Spain asked for gaged in inter-tribal war, and that special consideration of the needs pacification and protection of agri- of the working class.

cultural Indians are imperative. HThink of the conquests which Massacres of missionaries and can- the workers' organizations have nibal feasts are not infrequent. made without the support of the Responsibility for this work should church, indeed sometimes in the be accepted by the national face of actual opposition from the churches, especially in Mexico and church. The church has failed to Brazil. The situation in Columbia face resolutely the greatest of the is especially critical. The congress social problems, that of bringing voted to observe the second Sunday home to the people the redeeming of October in the Latin American Christ and putting into the work- churches as a special day for the ing man's heart the kind of noble consideration of the needs and and generous emotions that will work for the indigenous races. enable him to fight his battles with The committee on women's work righteousness rather than with the recommended that a permanent might which makes right."

committee be appointed to organize The committee on religious edu- women's societies in all of the cation came to the congress with countries represented in the con- twenty-four carefully worded reso- gress, looking to an international lutions covering the entire scope of organization that would carry into work of this important department effect the resolutions that accom- of church activity. The report also panied the report. The congress provided for the organization of recognized the importance of wom- regional and central committees of en in the work of evangelism by religious education that would co- electing Sra. Natalia de Mendoza, operate in the creation of uniform of Mexico, one of the honorary methods and literature throughout vice-presidents of the congress. the entire area of Spanish Amer- The commission on ministerial ica.

training strongly favored union The educational work of the seminaries for the training of both boards and national churches came ministers and lay workers, declar- in for a thorough discussion and ing that-Hin order to assure the special emphasis was laid on the suitable preparation of ministers, necessity for a close identification, the committee favors the establish- and, where possible, integration, ment of interdenominational sem- with the educational system of the inaries as the most effective country where the work was being economic and Christian method. carried on. Indeed, the resolutions They seemed to be awake to the of the congress should give heart requirements of pioneer missionary to statesmen of the countries repre-

sented in Havana. Over and again Economic, and, in some instances, the nationals declared their inten- political conditions in the coun- tries represented in this group are tion of bringing to the state their such that work is maintained with loyal and earnest support in all the greatest sacrifice. In the face of these conditions the program matters of a public character. for extension and self-support out- The need for hospitals is very lined by these new Christian states- men is most inspiring. It brings evident and mission boards were to the boards and supporting agenasked "to establish at least one cies of North America new inspira- tion and challenge. evangelical hospital in every coun- The following definition of selftry, and more if possible in the support was adopted as the goal to- wards which all would work: larger ones. In those countries We understand that self-support comwhere there are no evangelical doc- prehends the support of the parish, tors they urged that the churches which includes the salaries of the pastor and his helpers, house rent, and payment select such individuals as may have of such other current expenses as may a vocation for that work and aid be necessary for the development of the work. Also as a norm and within the them in their preparation, and that measures of our possibilities we propose evangelical medical dispensaries the support of schools, hospitals, and other institutions which may be found and itinerant clinics be estab- necessary for the development of the lished." work in our different fields.

The congress gave great atten- In connection with the future tion to the message, and there was leadership of the Church, the con- gress voted: scarcely a discussion of any phase 1st. It being sufficiently proved that of the work that did not in some in almost all the Latin American nations way reveal the passion of the na- there exist national elements capable of acting as leaders, therefore it is logical tional missionary for the preaching to conclude that these leaders should go and teaching of the Gospel. "The on taking- the reins of power.

message is Jesus Christ," they said. 2nd. That it may be possible to have efficient leaders it is necessary to display "He is the revelation of what God is, the greatest activity in educating them. and what man through Him may become. We believe that this message 3rd. The relation between foreign and should be proclaimed in simple and direct native workers ought to be based on form; that its appeal should be to the frank and sincere companionship. heart and the mind, with the reverence and dignity that it merits; that it Bishop Hiram R. Hulse of the should come from the heart and the mind Protestant E pis cop a I church of the minister in sacred and continuous writes: contact with God, constrained by his passion for souls; that the sermon be brief, I believe that the most valuable result filled with compassion for men, digni- of the congress was the spirit of fellowfied in phraseology and literary form, ship which overleaped the boundaries adapting the message to our racial emo- of nation and race and language. This tions and in accord with the sacred will brin!; about better understanding beplace where it is proclaimed." tween the different elements. It will break down prejudice, it will promote The congress in its closing ses- common action where possible, and it sion made special plans to extend will increase the spirit of unity. These intangible results are far more importhe work of solidarity and for this tant in the long run than any definite purpose an organizing committee action the congress may have taken.

was named. Resolutions were adopted asking for the organiza- tion of prayer leagues, and the pUblication of a monthly bulletin that would give important new items of common interest to all the countries represented in the congress.

~~140PICS OF THE

The International Missionary of human ideals and enterprises from Council Committee at Wil- the central truth of God in which they properly inhere and from which they liamstown should draw their life and ideals.

REPRESENTATIVES of National The problem of religious liberty is Christian Councils from twenty- being forced to the front in the Near five nations were delegates at the East, most of all in Egypt, where the conference of the International Mis- highest Mohammedan courts have de- sionary Council Committee which clared that no Mohammedan woman opened at Williamstown, Massachu- has the liberty to change her religion; setts on July II. while in Iraq and in Syria different Dr. John R. Mott, chairman of the questions relating to missionary free- Council, who has recently visited and dom are being discussed both on the conferred with the National Councils spot and in the Mandates Commission of India, China and Japan, presided. at Geneva. Turkey and Persia pre- The secretaries of the council are Dr. sent a different, though related, series J. H. Oldham and Dr. William Paton, of problems of the highest imporof London, and Dr. A. L. Warnshuis, tance:x- of New York City. For the first time Indian, Chinese, African, Mexican, Dictatorship and Liberty in Italy Brazilian, Japanese and Siamese nationals, representing the national TRAVELERS in the realm of the Christian councils of their lands, sat ancient Cresars and the modern in the International Council with the "Duce" report interesting and imsame official status as delegates from portant changes in the spirit of the North America and Europe. people, the condition of the country and the strong hand of the Govern- Dr. Mott reported on his recent tour ment. There is clear evidence that of study in India, Siam, Straits Set- Italy is becoming an increasingly tlement, China, Japan and Korea. Dr. powerful nation. There is a Govern- Oldham recently toured Africa as a ment with a definite and aggressive member of a special commission ap- program; there is a growing and inpointed by King George V to study tensified patriotism; beggars have native affairs, and out of his investi- been banished; industry has taken the gations he is offering various rec- place of tropical indolence; the inommendations for educational pro- dustrial life and the agricultural acgrams in Africa. Dr. Paton has vis- tivities have been quickened; the ited Egypt, India, Iraq, Syria and importation of fruits and other prod- Turkey in the last year and brought ucts has been discouraged in favor of recommendations from those areas. the cultivation of those produced in Italy. Popular education has been ad- The need for closer cooperation be- vanced and there are many signs of a tween Christian churches and men of new material prosperity. The fear of science who have so large an influence in the modern world is being felt everywhere and this need and its Bi:~~~e~{~~~Ci~r~~lI~:ion~~t.etr~i~::~r t~~~~~ supply was studied at Williamstown. The growing world secularism lies not f: ~veb~l~';iI~~~ if~v·R~I~~ieEB·D~ti~~lsJo;;eer. Rij;: merely in a rising tide of worldliness and materialism, but in the separation J. H. ~'ranklin, Dr. Robert E. Speer, Professor ~iis~' It;t~~uB.ttcal~r::.· Tholllas NicholsOIl anll 621

"II Duce" has been instilled into the This is a brief resume of the thir- hearts of all, together with a mixture teen articles of the new law: of reverence for him and his man- dates. He holds the government in 1. That the Catholic Church is the his control and rules with the iron State religion, according to the Consti- hand of a patriotic despot. Appar- tion, and enjoys special privileges. She ently Italy comes first, Mussolini sec- is free in spiritual matters, but in civil ond and God last. The agreement matters the State is supreme, and bish- with the Pope and the formation of ops and priests must abide by the civil the Vatican City was in the interest laws of the State. of peace and stability by the removal of a powerful cause of friction and 2. Non-Catholic cults are no longer unrest. Now word comes from a rep- simply tolerated, but they are admitted resentative of the Evangelical Church into the State and have a right to the of Italy that full religious liberty is protection of the State. granted by the Government to Protestants of Italy. Non-Catholics are 3. Religious liberty and the right of protected by law and have full rights religious discussion is guaranteed to all in religious and civil matters. Rev. citizens. Stefano L. Testa, of the American European ,Fellowship, says: "A new 4. Marriages performed by Protestant day has arisen for the spreading of ministers and Jewish rabbis are as legal the Evangelical religion in the very as those performed by the priests, and center of Roman Catholicism. We all clergymen must register those marmust enter this good and effectual door riages with the State Bureau within five which the Lord has opened." days.

A special law regulating non- 5. That education is not to be con- Catholic cults admitted in the State trolled by any church, but by the State; was presented by Premier Mussolini and no religion is to be forced on chilto Parliament in a three-hour speech, dren in the public school. There will be and was approved almost unanimously, courses of religious instruction in the with only two dissenting votes. schools, but parents, who are the natural guardians of their children, can select When the Italo-Vatican Concordat the religion in which their children are was signed on February 11th, it was to be instructed in the public school, or feared that the Canon Law of the ask to be relieved from any religious church would be enforced upon all teaching. Italy, with the result that Protestant institutions would be suppressed and 6, Mussolini has made it clear that by the Roman Catholic Church would be the Concordat no temporal power has the only church in the kingdom. Many been restored to the Pope, but in fact the optimistic Roman Catholics so under- temporal power has been buried forever. stood it and Te Deums were sung in many churches for the supposed vic- This is tremendously important, tory of the Papacy. Many prayers especially since it comes from unexwent up to God by Evangelical Prot- pected quarters. Protestantism in estants, that the "little flock" might Italy was always regarded as an inbe allowed to' exist, even if they should trusion and was simply "tolerated" in suffer persecutions in His Name. law and persecuted in practice. Pre- mier Mussolini has now admitted it The new law nominally gives the into the State and we thank God for Protestants and Jews legal standing, this religious liberty. complete religious liberty and their churches are admitted and protected The Catholic papers in Italy, howby the State much more than before. ever, decry any such recognition or protection given to non-Catholic cults, God has intervened to save the while the fascisti and government pa- "little fiock" from being scattered. pers have risen in defense of Protes- tants and the new law, which was voted on May 13th.* "'Missionaries of the Evangelical Church in Italy, for the conduct of which The American European FetZowship is partly responsible look j for a great turning of the people's heart to the Gospel and a la.rge extension of our work there. Since this door has been thrown wide open in the providence of God, now is the time to pray for the work and send contributions, 80 that many souls will see the light of Christ and come to it.-S. L. TESTA, 156 Fifth Ave., New York.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

At the Ha'ana Congress somewhat unappreciated field of Latin- American missions, an international T HE Hispanic American Evangeli- fellowship and understanding, a new cal Congress met in Havana, Cuba, courage and faith in the power of from June 20 to 30 to bring about Christianity to transform the social closer Christian fellowship and more life of Latin America, a new sense of effective cooperation among Evangeli- competency for local leadership among cal Christian workers in countries the workers in the Evangelical bordering the Carribean Sea and the churches, and a new sense of per- Gulf of Mexico. It was hoped by this sonal friendship, free from subserconference to bring about a more per- vience, between many nationals and fect and cordial understanding be- many Americans, who will long chertween all the evangelical churches and ish the remembrance of distinguished all the educational, charitable and so- and delightful personalities among the cial institutions of an evangelical Spanish – American delegates. The character, to carry out general plans ideals and methods of missions to of propaganda which will more rap- Latin – American countries w ere idly reach the heart and the soul of speeded up, and the difficult problem these people, and to awaken greater of relations between the United States enthusiasm concerning the responsi- and Latin America was helped by a bility of the evangelical churches to new confidence between the Christian develop self-support, native leadership forces in these two areas of the and wider service. Western Hemisphere.

At the first plenary session, on Fri- Papal Peace with Mexico day, June 21st, the following officers were elected: Honorary Presidents, TH~ ~greement reached between the Dr. J. Marcial Dorado (Cuba); Dr. QUIrInal and the Vatican in Italy Juan B. Huyke (Porto Rico); Dr. and the establishment of a Vatican Erasmo Braga (Brazil). President, City in Rome has been followed by a Gonzalez Baez Camargo (Mexico). compromise agreement between the Vice-Presidents, Angel Archilla Cab- Roman Catholic Church and the State rera (Porto Rico); Sra. Natalia de of Mexico. It will be remembered Mendoza (Mexico); Alfredo Santana that the Mexican Government passed (Cuba); Alberto Rembao (Spanish- a law three years ago by which all speaking churches in the U. S.). church property was practically con- Secretaries: Recording-Ricardo Bar- fiscated by the State, priests and memrios (Cuba) ; J. T. Ramirez (Mexico) ; bers of religious orders were for- Corresponding – Abelardo M. Diaz bidden to teach in religious garb and Morales (Porto Rico); Registration foreign clergy were prohibited from – Philo W. Drury (Porto Rico). preaching and administering the Sac- Treasurer: Arsenio Catala (Cuba). raments in the Mexican churches. As Business Committee: the officers and a result many churches were closed Messrs. C. S. Detweiler, G. W. Hin- and there followed a popular demonman, S. G. Inman, E. A. Odell (United stration in some sections protesting States; Arturo Parajon (Nicaragua); against these prohibitions. Protes- Herminio Rodriguez (Mexico) ; Campo tant churches and schools accepted the Elias Mayorga (Colombia); Flavio new regulations and put their work in Argueta (Guatemala). charge of native clergy.

The thirteen permanent commis- Many foreign-born clergy and nuns sions met under the temporary presi- were deported and the church officials dency of the authors of preliminary were charged with fomenting unrest papers and elected their own presi- and insurrection. The assassination dents and secretaries. of President-elect Obregon was traced The Congress was worth while for some new things were created in the

to the agitation of a certain nun the walls of Nanking. It looks as against the government. though Marshall Feng would break For the past year, both parties have with them."

been seeking for some solution that It is now reported that Marshall would enable the Church to raise the Feng YU-hsiang will avoid an open interdict and for the Government to military conflict with the Nationalist relax its policy. Finally they have Party and will leave China to study reached an agreement by which the industry abroad. This withdrawal churches will reopen and carryon would remove a strong factor from the their work. present situation and may enable the President Gil's official statement Nationalist Government to unify the says that certain provisions of the law country more speedily. It is rumored have been misunderstood, and that that General Feng may come to Amer- they did not really mean what the ica. General Yun Hsi-Shan, the pow- hierarchy took them to mean; that, erful factor in Shansi, is mentioned moreover, it is perfectly permissible as the possible successor to General for any citizen to apply to the proper Feng, who has many bitter enemies.

authorities for the amendment, repeal They charge him with being too or passage of any law. friendly with Russia and the Commu- Archbishop Ruiz, speaking for nists, with being disloyal to the Nank- Rome, expresses the hope that this will ing Government and destructive in his "lead the Mexican people, animated by campaigns. The struggle for Sun a spirit of mutual good will, to coop- YatSE)n's ideals and for control in erate in all moral efforts made for the China naturally develops enmity, su- benefit of all people of our father- l!p:iei&ll and jealousy. General Feng land." is -regarded by those who know him In a later letter the Archbishop ad- best as.a patriot and a friend of the mits that though as yet the laws have people, and as loyal to the principles not been modified as desired, the mo- of Sun Yat Sen. He has shown abil- ment has come to seek an agreement ity as a leader, with strength and for- which permits the faithful to "practice bearance toward his enemies, and their Catholic faith," "that this would high moral qualities in the command remedy the evils which suspension of of his troops. He refuses, however, this faith had created, and the even to cooperate with leaders who mani- greater evils created among the peo- fest a selfish desire to use their public ple's habits and public morality." office for private gain. It is difficult, Mexico City is reported to be quiet, if not impossible, to discover military with priests in attendance at all leaders in China today who are devoid churches restored to them by the Gov- of such failings. Anyone in the asernment. cendency is under suspicion. Perhaps General Feng's greatest weakness is Protestants generally share in the his lack of education to fit him to be benefits of the new orders. They a national leader. He finds it difficult sympathize with the desire of the peo- to put confidence in other leaders who ple to have their places of worship re- come into great power. This may ex- plain the reason why he has broken opened.

The Outlook in China with one after another. The Cabinet of the Nationalist Government con- THE political outlook in China is tains a number of strong men and not bright. A correspondent should be given an opportunity to writes: "The Nationalist Government show what they can do to unify China, is not making good. Chiang Kai Shek to establish peace and to educate the is putting all his relatives into lucra- people under civil government. Per- tive positions. The authority of the fection is too much to expect for many Government is scarcely felt outside decades-never without Christ. By MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON, New York President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions Having had for fifteen years the Whoever gives a child a home responsibility of the Sunday-school Builds palaces in Kingdom Come. missionary program in a local church, the chairman of such a One great American poet, Jocommittee has my sympathy. Juicy aquin Miller, pictures Christ and material is hard to find. Responsive little children in these sweet lines: readings often used are dull and Then reaching his hands he said, lowly, leave little deposit that is of active value. We have found the following "Of such is my kingdom," and then suggestions wholesome in their ef- Took the little brown babes in the holy fect. White hands of the Saviour of men; CHILDHOOD IN THE MOSLEM Held them close to his breast and ca- WORLD ressed them, Put his face down to theirs as in prayer; Held them up to his cheeks, and so, blessed them With baby hands hid in his hair!

(12 minutes when properly pre- One generation, one entire genpared) eration of all the world of children understood as they should be, loved Introduction: as they ask to be, and so developed as they might be, would more than Like a cradle rocking, rocking, begin the millennium. Silent, peaceful, to and fro, Today, more than two thousand Like a mother's sweet looks dropping years after the Great Commission On the little face below, was given by the world's Saviour, I present to you the problem of Hangs the green earth, swinging, swing- 87,331,000 Moslem children who ing, have not heard of Christ. The Prophet Ezekiel tells us that their Jarless, noiseless, safe and slow; blood shall be required of us! Falls the light of God's face bending If these children stood in line, Down and watching us below. holding hands, they would stretch twice around the globe. o great heart of God! whose loving Cannot hindered be nor crossed; Will not weary, will not even In our death itself be lost- Love divine! of such great loving, Only mothers know the cost- Cost of love, which all love passing, Gave a SON to save the lost. A World Mother: I come as the Mother of the Characters shOUld appear as the World to speak this word for my names are read by World Mother. Moslem children, my Moslem little A scroll on which the names are ones. I call your mind to those printed, can be made by anyone stirring words of the poet Mase- who has ingenuity.

field: The pictures of Moslem children Whoever gives a child a treat in costume (page 627) correspond Makes joYbells ring on Heaven's street; to the following titles, which are 625 4 followed by the approximate num- pasted on cardboard; if picture impos- sible, use captions printed or written on ber of children represented in each card. country or race. Assign to each of the several Children boys and girls in advance the task Repre8enting" to assemble facts concerning the 1. A son of Islam territory and people mentioned. 2. A Moslem boy and girl On a given Sunday have these from Bokhara ……… 1,250,000 facts handed to the missionary 3. A little Tartar Girl (Cen- program chairman who shall as- tral Asia) …………. 2,000,000 semble the best returns in a three 4. A Bride from Algeria … 2,000,000 minute report just before the dem- 5. Young girl and baby, Mes- onstration. seria tribe, Sudan ….. 1,000,000 6. Little sisters from Bengal 10,000,000 Take your copy of the MISSIONARY RE- 7. Russian child ………. 8,000,000 VIEW OF THE WORLD to the meeting where 8. Tunisian children …. . . . 800,000 the parts are assigned. Let the children 9. Daughter of a Nawab of see the pictures and study them. Hyderabad, India ••…. 600,000 10. Moslems at Biskra ….. . 1,000,000 SOMETHING FOR BOYS 11. Egyptian mother and child 4,000,000 12. Children, Beshari tribe, OUR GIFTS TO THE ORIENT Egyptian Sudan …… . 500,000 13. Child from Equatorial First Boy Africa ……………. 10,000,000 Our gifts to the Orient. What 14. Children of Mecca, West Arabia … '" ….. '" . .. 1,000,000 are they and what have they done? 15. The price of a Turkish rug 5,000,000 Let them speak for themselves. 16. Young Mohammedans in China … '" ……….. 10,000,000 Second Boy (representing OIL): 17. Fellah girl from Egyp- tian village ….. . . . . . . . 3,000,000 "I have lengthened the day. I 18. A Persian child …….. 4,800,000 have made night study possible. I 19. Children from East Ara- hold a torch to light men out of bia ……………….. 1,000,000 physical darkness. More than that 20. Beggar boy from Algiers 1,000,000 I cannot do. If they prefer dark- ness, I am helpless." There are 120,000 Moslem children under the stars and stripes Third Boy (representing RAIL- in the Philippines. There are over ROADS): one hundred million Moslem chil- "The day is past when it was dren in Asia, Africa and the is- necessary to paint white bars lands who are heirs of superstition, across my windows because pas- sengers, ignorant of the nature of ignorance, and immoral teaching. glass, might break, both pate and pane when tempted to poke out Christ died for them. His last their heads. Past, too, are the commission includes them. nights when Koreans, thinking the railroad bed to be like a Korean His word is "GO YE." bed, lay down in my path on the stone roadbed with the rail as a Song: "Jesus Loves the Little pillow. Today I carry the whole Children" (One verse sung by all Orient breathlessly hither and the children in costume.) thither. For those who would flit, I provide speed. One thing I can- Song: "We've a Story to Tell to not provide: purpose; and speed without purpose is futile." the Nations" (One verse sung by all present.) NOTE: Children love to play "dress up." For public school demonstrations parents and others will spend hours in helping the children to prepare their costumes. Let the children work these out themselves under supervision. Where costumes are impractical, use a -picture • Estimated children under 18 vears foHow- Ing figures in Dr. Zwemer's book "Islam."

METHODS FOR WORKERS

Fourth Boy (representing an Au- oblivion from life's troubles. My TOMOBILE) : masters are cunningly planning to "I displace the camel, the horse, make their millions- by making the water-buffalo. The consecrated their publicity so attractive that stables of Siam's white elephants every boy and girl shall be per- have been turned into garages and suaded to use me."

the picture of the sacred animal Eighth Boy (representing CHEWhas long since been removed from ING GUM): the national flag. The portrait of a flivver has not been substituted, "With my slogan, 'Do not swalalthough I am much more precious low,' as a caution to those unfamito the heart of the native than the liar with my peculiar charms, I white elephant ever was! The bring the pleasure of mastication Arab of North Africa gives me without the expense of actual food. petrol to drink and the jinns under I supplant the betel nut in Siam, my hood do wonders. Throughout and cocoa in Peru. About the the world, I am an accelerator, but dainty Japanese stenographer as I do not pretend to morals, I do there hangs no longer the scent of not care whether I accelerate good cherry blossoms, nor of wisteriaor evil." but of spearmint. All of which I regard as a triumph in the dis- Fifth Boy (representing ELEC- semination of American products."

TRICITY) : Ninth Boy (representing MOVING PICTURES) : "I bring heat to those who want it; coolness to those who will "My worst in America becomes adopt my fan instead of the lag- my best in the East. I come gard punkah, light to great cities straight from the world's moral and towns. I even turn the prayer fashion center, to show these bewheels of Buddhist priests. nighted heathen how civilized Whether the many comforts and people really act." luxuries I make possible be used to advance or to hamper spiritual Tenth Boy (representing FOREIGN growth depends upon others, not CLOTHEs-a th,ree-piece suit): upon me." "Slowly but surely I am con- Sixth Boy (representing a FAC- quering the world. The human TORY): race will not truly be respectable "In the Orient I produce wealth until it is clothed in coat, vest and trousers. If there is anything else and scatter it throughout the East needed to make human happiness, -and where in the world is wealth I don't know what it is." more needed? True, I coin much of it from the bodies of children. Young Man (representing WEST- I have prudently left behind in ERN VIEW POINT) : America the troublesome Christian "The West believes itself capable labor legislation that considers of saving the world. It is efficient, children of more worth than as efficient as fire. Life and death wealth." are in its flames. It can do as Seventh Boy (representing CIGA- much good as harm, as much RETTE) : harm as good. We have inflamed "I dull the pains of the East. the East with our modern spirit.

Yet even I cannot bring complete We have set the miracles of science

blazing in the imagination of every have nice place to go like pickers in Pem- Oriental. But have we also given berton. the Christian spirit which, in large degree, has controlled the civiliza- ROSIE. tion of the West and has made it a fire to warm rather than a fire * ** to consume. It is easy for the fire to get out of control in the East, Beet Fields, Colorado because, in pressing upon the Orient all the gifts of a mechanistic To the members of the Sunday-School age we have omitted the one or Light Bearers Band (Fill in appro- GREAT GIFT-which gives synthesis and direction to all others. priate name of Organization) THE "GREAT GIFT" SHOULD GO FIRST. So tired tonight. We all worked all day in beet fields. Wish my Pedro and METHOD FOR PRESENTING MI- Consuelo could live in clean place and go to school like you. GRANT WORK AT A CHILD- REN'S MEETING A MIGRANT MEXICAN MOTHER.

MISS EDITH LOWRY **** Secretary of Migrant Work, Coun- Walnut Grove, California cil of Women for Home Missions To the members of the Sunday-School The worship period should be or Light Bearers Band (Fill in approbased on Migrant Work,-appro- priate name of Organization) priate scripture, hymns and poems may be chosen. Me and 3 brothers and 2 sisters came to "asparagus" yesterday. Mother, Immediately at close of the worship service a child in a costume of father two big brothers work in a cana Western Union messenger rushes nery all day. Sisters and me go migrant in and delivers the following telegrams to the presiding officer who school. Baby brother go nursery. Lots reads them aloud. more families like ours here too. We find Hood River Valley, Oregon friends here-take care babies, make sick people well, tell us about Jesus-that He To the members of the Sunday-School or Light Bearers Band (Fill in appro- loves Japanese children too-learns us priate name of Organization) : have good times. Easy be good her" Came from Idaho last week, to pick Next place we go no friends-so much apples-3000 of us came. Live in old bad all round us. We want mo~ fri.."ds tent. Father sick with typhoid fever, some kids have chicken-pox. Can't go to How can we find this kind of friend? school because school books cost too much. If we don't like here we will go on to MISHI. California. Wish we could stay in one place all year. We have no real friends. **** Will you be our friends? After each telegram is read, a JACK. child can tell in his own words *** * what is being done for the children Cranberry Bogs, New Jersey in these various places. At the To the members of the Sunday-School close perhaps the children could or Light Bearers Band (Fill in appro- priate name of Organization) frame a telegram to send their greetings to the migrant children. Have to take care of babies all day on bogs. Get tired and cold. Wish we could These telegrams could be sent to various migrant centers through the Council of Women for Home Missions, 105 East 22d Street, New York, New York.

Following leaflets would be help- ful in working out this presenta- tion and can be secured from above named organization.

Little Gypsies of the Fruit … Five cents Nomad Neighbors ……….. Ten cents Migratory Children …………. Fre~ Whither Bound ……………… Free Millstones ………………….. Free College Girl's Diary …….. Ten cents Reports ……………………. Free Program-Farm and Cannery Mi- grants …………………… Fre~

OPENING THE DOOR to, when I lived out west, but whEm I moved here there was no Society MRS. FRED VICTOR, Yonkers, N. Y. for me to join. I am glad to have my name put down as a member." It is always possible to secure the name of the pastor in any zero This work is full of surprises. charge, as some of the denomina- After you have found the keytions call the church where there woman, she may consent to invite is no organized missionary work. some of the other church-women to Begin the approach by writing to her home for a social afternoon, him, asking for the name of some so that you can talk over with them woman in his church to whom the the situation in both Home and matter of missions could be pre- Foreign Fields. It is amazing how sented. If the pastor himself is many women in our churches have interested, he will be more than no idea of the magnitude of misglad for any help that you can give sionary work. This, in itself, conhim. If you can make him see that stitutes an initial challenge. your desire is not just to add another organization, but that you In one denomination two secrecovet for the women of his church taries planned a Visitation Camthat more abundant life, that can paign with the purpose of be found only, as sensing our bless- removing every "zero" charge in ings in Christ, we try to share their districts. This required carethose blessings with every woman ful and prayerful preparation. who haiS not yet found Christ, you They interviewed personally or by will find that he will help you. letter the pastors of these charges and secured permission to present A secretary who had been as- the work at a regular church servsigned to this work called on a ice. They found women who were pastor who was immediately ready willing to carry the message. They to help. He called one of his pa- prepared an address, because some rishioners, asking if she would re- of these women had never spoken ceive the visitor. The answer was in public before. an emphatic "No!" At the District Meeting, held "Don't call anyone else, please," just before this Campaign opened, said the secretary, "just give me the secretaries presented their plan the name and I will call on her." and said that they had done all that they could do to make the The name was given. When the campaign a success, but that it secretary arrived at the home she would fail unless backed by the found that the woman was having prayers of the women of the disa tea party on the porch. "How, trict. The dates were announced thought the secretary, am I to pre- when the visits were to be made sent missions to her when she is and the women were asked to regiving a tea party? As the hostess member them as days for prayer. excused herself to her guests and invited her visitor to a side porch, Those who are brave enough to that visitor raised her heart in attempt this missionary service prayer that God would give her dare not let any discouragement the words to speak. When she had block the way. It may take time. made her appeal the hostess an- The first attempt may fail. Faith swered without hesitation: and prayer and patient effort will find the "Key-Woman." "Why yes, I should like' to belong to the Missionary Society. I used

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York PRESBYTERIAN WOMEN and Mrs. Fred S. Bennett, of the Board Presbyterian missionary women had of National Missions, because of illtwo meetings in May at St. Paul, ness were unable to be present but the Minn., in connection with the 141st biennial rejoiced in the presence of General Assembly of the Presbyterian Miss Margaret E. Hodge, vice-presi- Church in the United States of Ameri- dent of the Board of Foreign Missions ca. The second biennial of the women and chairman of the Council of Womsummed up the goals achieved in spir- en's Committees. itual advance during the past two years and suggested plans for future Although the biennial was not called work. The Conference of One Hun- to discuss the future status of women dred Women was even more important, in the church, nevertheless, one mornfor the General Council of the church ing was given over to this very vital had called this group together to find subject. Miss Hodge gave a brief out from representative women the history of women's work and place in general sentiment of the women of the the church, both in the Presbyterian church at large regarding a change in and in other denominations, and, sometheir ecclesiastical status and also what to the surprise of many, it was what they thought should be the fu- soon evident that the delegates to the ture of organized work in the denomi- biennial themselves were strongly of nation. Neither the biennial nor the the conviction that the time had come conference was official in that any rec- for women to be granted larger place ommendations were binding on the and opportunities in Presbyterian boards of the church but they were church matters. It was pointed out indicative of the mind and activity of that while women may vote in the lothe women, and both the Women's cal church, they have no voice in pres- Committees of the Boards and the bytery, synod nor General Assembly. General Council took into most serious Noone there, however, desired to beconsideration all actions and findings come a minister-few even had leanof both groups. ings toward the eldership. It was even stated that doubtless every woman present would vote against having a The Biennial woman pastor in her local church. Yet The theme of the biennial was there are other phases of the subject "Builders in a New Day." Every ad- to be taken into account, especially dress and discussion was concerned the growing demand of the young peo- with the transition from the present pie that all sex bars in ecclesiastical to the future-with the handing on of matters be removed, even as they are responsibilities from the women of the being removed in political and civic present day to the young people who life. The whole tenor of this biennial are to carryon the work in the next discussion pointed strongly toward the generation. The biennial program had action which was later taken by the been arranged to provide ample op- Conference of Women.

portunity for discussion. Practically It was the desire of the delegates no board secretaries were on the pro- that a third biennial be held two years gram, all the addresses being made by hence. Instead of ten goals of the the delegates and the furloughed mis- past year three more inclusive goals sionaries. Mrs. D. Everett 'Yaid, were suggested: Faith, Fellowship, chairman of the Biennial CommIttee, and Future. Sunday evening there 631

was a retreat, led by Mrs. Daniel J. many men leaders have definitely an- Fleming of New York, and after two nounced their conviction that this hours of meditation and prayer, the "disability" of the women should be biennial closed its second term of removed. In several denominations "spiritual advance." this has been done, including the Con- Conference of One Hundred Women gregational, the Northern Baptist, Dis- ciples of Christ, Christian, United Intense interest centered in the Con- Brethren, Friends, and African Methference of Women which began Mon- odist Episcopal Zion churches. A day, May 20th. This conference was called by the General Council in order "Special Committee on the Official Reto find out how the women of the lation of Women in the Church" was church regarded the overture to Gen- appointed by the General Assembly in eral Assembly suggested by the Coun- 1919. This committee, headed by Dr. S. cil, and which, if passed by the Hall Young, after months of investigapresbyteries, will make women eligible as ministers and elders, thus enabling tion and correspondence with leading them to have a voice in the conduct of men and women in the Presbyterian the church other than in the local con- and other denominations, and after gregation. A second matter for dis- thorough study of the Scriptures, sent cussion at this conference was the to the General Assembly an overture enlarging of the women's missionary organization by giving entrance to the recommending the ordination of wom- Boards of Christian Education and en as ministers and elders. This over- Pensions, thus enabling other women ture was sent down to the presbyteries in the church to find lines of activity. in 1920 but while the vote was 139 for and 125 against, the overture was lost The most careful preparation was because 37 presbyteries did not vote made for this conference. The One at all and had to be counted on the Hundred Women included the women negative side. members of the four boards, two synodical presidents and two presbyterial In 1926 the General Council represidents from each district elected quested its two corresponding memby the biennial, women active in all bers, Mrs. Fred S. Bennett and Miss types of women's organizations in the Margaret E. Hodge, to study causes church, and others not definitely as- of "unrest among the women of the sociated with organized women's church" and report their findings to church work. Some of these had been the Council. The first biennial meet- ing in San Francisco in May, 1927, made a similar report.

elected at the biennial meetings, others The report by Miss Hodge and Mrs.

were appointed by General Council. Bennett was presented to the General But all were selected with a desire to Council in November, 1927, and conhave the fullest representation possi- tained among other statements: "If ble of women's activities and also the by unrest among the women of the widest geographic reach. Board sec- church is meant a far-reaching, organ- retaries were present but only as "ob- ized, seething opinion, it does not ex- servers," with no voice except when ist …… The women are not a unit in specifically called on for a point of their attitude toward the position ac- information. corded them in the Presbyterian The steps leading up to this con- Church." The report went on to say, ference were many. In the last dozen however, that "when the church, by or more years there has been in all action taken by the men of the church denominations a growing feeling that with but the slightest consultation women, who now have equal place with with the women, and then only as to men in political and social life were methods, decided to absorb these agen- not satisfied with their subordinate cies" (mission boards of the women, position in the church. For years built up through long years by them-

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

selves and functioning successfully) discussion when Dr. Speer came. Al- such decision opened the whole ques- most at the start the conference leaned tion of the status of women in the toward equal status for women. Not church. "Women faced the fact that a woman present wanted to be a min- their sex constitute about sixty per ister or an elder; not a speaker "de- cent of the membership of the church, manded rights," yet again and again yet as individuals they had no status it was brought out that the young beyond voting in the local churches. people in the church wished no sex …… They saw the church, which af- inequality; that many brilliant Pres- firmed spiritual equality, lagging far byterian young women were going in- behind in the practical expression of to other denominations where they it." could be ordained as ministers; that The General Council received this there were many places in the Presby- report sympathetically and appointed terian Church-especially in remote a committee consisting of Dr. Robert localities and on the mission field- E. Speer, chairman, Mrs. Bennett, where no men were available or even Miss Hodge, and Dr. Lewis S. Mudge, prepared for office as pastors or elders stated clerk of General Assembly, to and churches could not be organized, plan for a conference at which fifteen or the church's benefits given, while women from various parts of the coun- strong women, well qualified for such try should be .invited to meet with the office, were there and these women, in General Council to discuss the paper. nearly every instance, had become This conference of fifteen was held in qualified for such work through the Chicago in November, 1928, and as a training they had received in the mis- result General Council framed an over- sionary society.

ture to General Assembly asking that But always the basic reason for the women be given equal status with men opinion of the conference was the fu- in the church. ture generation. It was felt that per- The Conference of One Hundred sonal opinions must be laid aside for opened with utmost solemnity and ser- the sake of the young men and women iousness. All present were keenly con- who, through their young people's scious of their great responsibility. programs, are already working togeth- The retiring, Dr. Hugh K. Walker, er in the churches with no thought of and Dr. Mudge gave a brief resume of sex lines.

the reason for the gathering. Miss As a result the conference voted Margaret E. Hodge presided over all with hardly a dissenting voice, to rec- sessions, and Miss Florence G. Tyler ommend to the General Council that led the discussions. Miss Hodge re- the overture to make women eligible minded the members that the confer- as ministers and elders in the Pres- ence was not emoowered to do more byterian Church in the United States than make recoIiImendations to the of America be presented to the Gen- General Council, that it had no official eral Assembly. The overture was pre- voting power. sented at the last Saturday morning It was soon evident that the mem- session of the assembly, and to the bers of the conference wished to get surprise of nearly everyone, it went to what most of them felt was the through the assembly without debate principal subject of the gathering, the or argument. Dr. Speer in presenting status of women. Although the agenda it stated that what discussion there planned this theme for the second af- was on the matter would come in the ternoon, when Dr. Speer, the chairman presbyteries, and the overture was of General Council's Committee of voted immediately. It now goes down Four, would be present, the conference to the fall and spring presbyteries for at the end of the first session voted action and the next General Assembly to take it up Monday evening, in order will report the decision.

to prepare themselves for intelligent By AN OBSERVER•. EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd St., New York Executive Secretary, Council of lVomen for Home Mission8 ONE With the approach of the present God never meant us to be separated century the current set in the direc- From one another in our work and tion of new and significant cooperathought; tion. That no man liveth unto himself Spirits that share His Spirit or by himself was found to be true of mated, He has missionary organization. Certain That so His loving purpose may be things could not only be better done wrought, together, it was necessary that they be His gracious will be done done together. Women's denomination- In earth and heaven, as one. al missionary organizations were -Selected.

NATIONAL COMMISSION OF PROT. drawn together in the annual observ- ESTANT CHURCH WOMEN ance of an interdenominational day of prayer. Committees were formed to Offisial statement authoriz(ld by the Spf'cial plan for the production and publication . CommIttee on Relationship of the Commission of mission study books and other liter- to the Federation and Council.'"

The National Commission of Prot- ature. The founding of Chautauqua estant Church Women is the latest development in a movement that began Institute in 1874 aroused interest in more than a hundred years ago. summer education and was an influence which nourished the idea of confer- As the nineteenth century appeared ences for women. Quite naturally this upon the threshold, in 1800, fourteen fellowship of leading Christian womwomen representing Baptists and Con- en in service, prayer, and study ingregational Churches united to form clined the women's denominational the "Boston Female Society for Mis- missionary boards to organize the sionary Purposes," destined to become Council of Women for Home Missions through its contributing branches the and the Federation of Woman's Boards "Female Mite and Cent" societies of of Foreign Missions. These two na- New England, an outstanding factor tional bodies have worked side by side in the extension of early home mission for years in their respective fields proenterprises. This initial event ush- moting the production of mission study ered in a century of organization. The "Woman's Union Missionary Society books and literature, the establishment of America" strengthened the foreign of women's conferences and schools mission cause by sending single wom- of missions, the observance of days of en to far distant lands. Within the prayer for home and foreign missions various denominations there was a and the cultivation of student contacts stirring, resulting in the organization in schools and colleges for the purpose of their women into national societies of gaining recruits for missionary for the extension of missions at home service. Local women's interdenomiand abroad. Independent societies national groups which were in existarose indicating a wide range of in- ence here and there were fostered by terest, notably abolition of slavery, to- each separately, and how to provide tal abstinence, woman's suffrage. them with an effective program was made the subject of careful study. The rapid increase in the number of • 'rbi. statement was authorized in )Iay. local units brought to the Federation ~vents b~yf'. movpn rapidly. The item regard~ and the Council the realization of the mg the !atlOnal Counci! of Feilerated Church need for closer cooperation. Joint S'lVll~PmSenC oimnmd ui tdt ei ne gont he rf' port ()f the Relation- page 636, should be noted.

634 instead of separate committees were Pittsburgh in December, 1924, for the appointed on Women's Church and purpose of outlining a program and Missionary Federations, Day of presenting a scheme of unification Prayer, Conferences and Schools of which would correlate and coordinate Missions and Student interests. Com- all the activities or organized church munication with the local groups was women.

carried on jointly through periodic The delegates represented five par- letters sent several times a year. The ticipating groups: The Federal Coun- day of prayer program included both cil of the Churches of Christ in home and foreign missions and yet America, the Federation of Woman's more recently has united the Christian Boards of Foreign Missions, the Coun- women the world round in a World cil of Women for Home Missions, the Day of Prayer. Association of Executive Secretaries As time passed the trend of think- of Councils and Federations of ing expanded and as the content of the Churches, and Local Interdenomina- missionary concept was realized to be tional Groups of Church Women of more inclusive the items considered the various types.

covered a larger scope; such as, law The Conference in Pittsburgh observance, international, interracial proved to be the first of four, the and industrial relations, legislative others being held as follows: Cleve- matters, especially those relating to land, June, 1926; St. Douis, June, the welfare of mothers and children. 1927; Buffalo, June, 1928.

The number of local groups has stead- Previous to the Buffalo meeting the ily increased, there being now between Federation of Woman's Boards of nine hundred and a thousand that car- Foreign Missions and the Council of ry on various activities and over four Women for Home Missions had both hundred others which unite in the an- taken action approving cooperation nual observance of the World Day of with the Women's Local Federations Prayer, a total of some fourteen hun- in the appointment of a guiding group dred. To keep in contact with these to consist of six members from each was no small task, and the need of a of the three cooperating groups to- secretary in the field was keenly felt gether with three members from the and repeatedly expressed in the an- church-at-Iarge selected by the Guid- nual meetings. ing Group itself. Provision was also During the last ten years there has made for alternates. This guiding been a remarkable increase in cities group chose for its name the National and states of Councils and Federa- Commission of Protestant Church tions of Churches. These are affiliated Women which has been made the me- with the Federal Council. Their pro- dium of communication with women's gram of community service makes a state and local interdenominational strong appeal. Consequently numbers groups. Through it are to be continued of these state and local federations the functions of the former Joint have occasioned the formation of aux- Committee on Women's Church and iliary organizations of women, in some Missionary Federations. Its budgets cases known as women's departments and policies are to be submitted to the or divisions of the local councils or Federation and the Council for final federations. These differed materially approval. All matters of interest and from the earlier typical woman's mis- concern and actions from these two sionary union or women's church and national bodies channel through it to missionary federation in that their the local interdenominational groups.

major interest centered in some one An office has been opened at 1123 or more phases of community service. Broadway, New York City and offi- In response to the desire for a closer cers appointed.

unity and a more inclusive program, Thus the National Commission of a conference was called which met in Protestant Church Women is the re-

suit of a quest for a unified program 1. After a careful analysis of the posand a unified approach to local inter- sible and actual field of activity of each denominational groups. It is not an group involved, it is our unanimous organization; rather it is a method opinion that for future successful coopof procedure in which the Federation, erative work, it is necessary that their the Council and the women's state and fields of activity shall be distinct and local groups are partners. It is an ad- clearly defined. venture in fellowship and in service. Method and means are subject to mod- 2. That the fields of activity of the ification, but the shining goal remains National Council of Federated Church unchanged-the enlistment of the full Women and the National Commission of strength of the Christian womanhood Protestant Church Women are in the of our country for the extension of main, if not in their entirety, identical. the reign of Christ into every area of every life everywhere. Your committee therefore unanimously recommends: NATIONAL COUNCIL OF FEDER- 1. That a merger of the activities of ATED CHURCH WOMEN the National Council of Federated Church Women and the National Com- At the fifth annual conference of mission of Protestant Church Women be women's state and local interdenomi- effected, the same to be finally operative national groups held in Boston June not later than June, 1930. (It is our 15-18 in conjunction with the annual unanimous opinion that this arrangemeeting of the National Commission ment will provide for the Christian womof Protestant Church Women, forma- en of the churches, a clear and perfect tion of a third organization of church channel for their organizational activiwomen on a national scale was per- ties.) fected-the National Council of Federated Church Women. The other two 2. That when such merger shall have organizations are the Council of Wom- been effected the National Council of en for Home Missions and the Fed- FedeTated ChuTch Women shall thereeration of Woman's Boards of Foreign after be recognized as the national or- Missions of North America. ganization of women's interdenomina- tional groups. The National Commission of Protestant Church Women was set up last 3. That, in order that the National year as an experiment and is not an Council of Federated Church Women may organization but as its name-Com- be encouraged in its development toward mission-indicates partakes of the na- complete self-support, the Federation of ture of a committee. Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and the Council of Women for Home The following report was accepted Missions continne for this and the two and the Relationships Committee was succeeding years, financial cooperation requested to proceed to work out cor- on a diminishing scale. relation of the three women's national bodies for presentation to the execu- 4. That, in view of the above, we rective bodies at their next meetings. ommend the continuance of the· present RelaiJionships Committee or the appoint- Relationships ment of another, whose responsibility it shall be to work out the correlation of Your Committee of six on Relation- the three bodies, the same to be ready ships among the four existing bodies for presentation to the executive bodies -the Federation of Woman's Boards of the Federation of Wotnan's Boards of of Foreign Missions, the Council of FOTeign Missions, the Council of Women Women for Home Missions, the Na- for Home Missions and the National tional Commission of Protestant Council of Federated Church Women at Church Women, and the National their next executive meetings. Council of Federated Church Women submits the following report: (The Committee on Relationships consisted of Mrs. John Ferguson, Chairman (Chairman of the Commis- sion), Mrs. James T. Ferguson and Mrs. L. 1. Walker from the National Council of Federated Church Women, Mrs. F. 1. Johnson and Mrs. Ernest A. Evans from the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions, Mrs. Orrin R. Judd and Mrs. McD. Howsare from the Council of Women for Home Missions.)

AMERICA Summer conferences are held

these students at Northfield, Lake Unofficial Ambassadors Geneva, Seabeck, Blue Ridge, Silver Bay and other places. OVER nine thousand students from one hundred and one foreign Many testimonies show the benefits lands are studying this year in four received by students and the gratitude hundred colleges and universities of felt by their compatriots. The annual the United States. Of these the larg- budget calls for over $30,000 which inest number come from China (1,109) ; cludes salaries for the national group India (208); Japan (814); Korea secretaries and other items. This (131); Mexico (271); Sol1th Amer- work deserves support. ica (272); Siam (22); Africa (83); and from Western Asia (333). There Student Sobriety Society are also Filipinos, Russians and Siamese. AN ANTIDOTE for the "hip-flask" ft among young people is the "Stu- What a wonderful opportl1nity to influence these young men and young dent Sobriety Society," which is growwomen for Christ and so to mold their ing steadily. Given adequate pubcharacters, their careers and their des- licity, it may quickly spread round the tinies. The Committee on Friendly world. Relations with Foreign Students (founded in 1911) of which Mr. September 7, 1928, in the Mankato, Charles D. Hurrey is the General Sec- Minn. high school, flve students orretary, undertakes to meet these stu- ganized this society, whose motto is, dents, to make them feel at home in "Keep That Schoolboy Complexion." America, to surround them with Chris- Almost immediately three other chaptia.n infll1ences a.nd to introduce them ters were organized in Minnesota, to American Christians. It is a won- while the parent organization as derful opportunity to promote inter- quickly grew from five to sixty-four national understanding and friend- The purpose of the club is to insure a ship, to open the best American homes higher type of young manhood by and ideals to these foreign guests who obedience to law, and particularly by will be future leaders in their home total abstinence from alcoholic liquors. lands, to bring blessings to Americans through these contacts, and to help the Each new chapter must have at individual students by introducing least five members and an adult adthem to Jesus Christ and His way of visor, all masculine. A constitution Life. These students have formed has been prepared and a national ortheir own organizations such as the ganization arranged. German Students Cooperative Association and the Hindustan Association. Fellowship meetings and various The most helpfully influential are the activities maintain membership in- Chinese Students' Christian Associa- terest. It is self-determining, "not to tion, the Filipino Students' Christian be under the direct supervision of any Association, the Korean Students' high-school faculty," only high-school Federation and the Russian Students' students being eligible to active mem- Christian Association. bership, though boys in junior high may enroll as associate members. Membership duties are total absti- nence, mutual helpfulness, affirmative 637

debates for prohibition and its en- Rural Church Problem M forcement, "and in general to talk ISS ELIZABETH HOOKER, in her book, "United Churches," prohibition." A member who takes a drink is suspended for two months on points out that 48% of the federated probation and for admonition. If he churches are in New England and the then persists in violation of the Con- Middle States, and that such organiza- stitution, "he shall never again be tion is past the experimental stage.

eligible."-C. E. World. A successful instance of such coopera- tion is seen in Conway, a small town Training the Foreign-Born in Massachusettes. Comparing five REV. JOHN R. CROSBY, Episco- years of united work on the part of pal Rector in Philadelphia, makes three denominations with the five a plea in The Living Church for more years previous, benevolences increased interest in the foreign-born in Amer- from $1,200 to $3,500, or nearly 300 ica. He says the problem is not so per cent. The Ladies' Aid gained over much to persuade the alien to accept 57 per cent. The minister's salary the Church as to persuade church nearly 58 per cent, and the church members to accept the alien. membership nearly 48 per cent. The Sunday School and young people's so- In South Philadelphia are some ciety each gained over 100 per cent. 300,000 foreign-born, comprising prac- This gain is the more striking betically every branch of Latin, Greek cause in a period of ten years the Orthodox and Eastern churches. Dr. town's population decreased from Crosby's parish, St. Elizabeth, has 1,219 to 936. undertaken an experimental work among them, with the following basic American Indians and Citizenship scheme: REV. RUDOLF HERTZ calls atten- tion to little-known facts about 1. A kindergarten every week day for the Indians. He says: the children below school age of all nationalities, creeds, and colors. "While there is practically no race prejudice against Indians, other fac- 2. A Community Club for children of tors retard the assimilation of the Inschool age after school hours. dians in western South Dakota. We thought that we had made great prog- 3. A group of the Girls' Friendly So- ress when President Coolidge, in 1924, ciety candidates. signed a bill making all Indians born in the United States citizens of this 4. Another candidates' group that country, but we find that new difficulviolates all Girls' Friendly rules by being ties are arising through this law. strictly for our own "denomination." Although a citizen of the United States, and entitled to vote in South 5. Various Mothers' Meetings. These have to be national, as their English is faulty, and the different races do not mix.

6. Two Boys' Clubs. 7. Community Singing Clubs. 8. Adult Mens' Club.

Immediately surrounding the church Dakota, the Indian is not a taxpayer.

is a purely Italian population, while at His lands are exempt, as they are be- a little distance are colonies of all the ing held by the federal government in various nationalities of Eastern Eu- trust for him. Even personal prop- rope and the Near East: Bulgarians, erty purchased with the proceeds of a Greeks, Nestorians, Jacobites, all the land sale is not taxable. A recent Balkan nations, Russians, Ukrainians, decision went so far as to force Dewey Thondraketzi, and Doukhobortsi. County to refund to Indians $50,000 These were sorted into racial groups paid in former years as taxes on per- and given services in their own lan- sonal property. This means that every guage. Confidence of parents has white home in Dewey County will be been won and the children are eager assessed something like fifty dollars to be considered American citizens. to make this refund.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

"Politicians, on the other hand, are The entire membership in this Mismaking the most of the Indian vote by sion, extending from the Mushagak giving big feasts and making extrava- River northward to Nelson Island and gant promises in order to win the In- 150 miles eastward, now numbers dians for themselves. 2,323.

"Another cause of dissatisfaction is Canadian Sunday-School Outreach the Indian's right to public school education, although his land does not con- SEVENTY-FIVE thousand Bible tribute to the support of the schools. verses were memorized in the Can- The federal government realized the adian Sunday School mission work last predicament of our school districts, year by 3,800 children from 252 rural which have a hard struggle to make Manitoba communities, many of them both ends meet without this additional 15 to 50 miles from any church or Sunburden, and Congress, in the past, has day-school. These distances are as the appropriated funds to pay tuition for crow flies-actual travelling distances Indian pupils. In the beginning the would be double in some cases. While sum paid actually took care of the only a small percentage of the 75,000 schooling of these children, but it is "otherwise unreached" rural Manibeing cut down, and rumor has it that toba children were enrolled, yet the it will be eliminated altogether. It is work was well distributed over the true that, according to the law, the Province and went a long way toward school district must take care of both putting the Gospel within reach of all. Indian and white children, but they are simply not able to do so financially. The contest in Manitoba is continu- ing again this year with great prom- "All this makes the white electorate ise. In Alberta 3,245 children are alfeel that representation without taxa- ready enrolled from 282 "otherwise tion is almost as great an evil as taxa- unreached" communities. In British tion without representation, and they Columbia and Saskatchewan commitwill make a determined effort to de- tees are in process of formati~n. prive the Indian of his vote in this state."-The American. Missionary. LATIN AMERICA Moravian Mission to Eskimos Sunday-School Work in Mexico T HE Eskimos are scattered over B EFORE President Calles retired "magnificent distances"; and are a from office, he said to a prominent short-lived people. Tuberculosis and Protestant leader: "I have broken the epidemics of influenza carry them off ground, and have made the furrows; in large numbers. Their language is it is for you to sow the seed." so difficult that it is hard for the missionary to make himself understood. With the issuance of such a chal- This twenty-nine lettered word: kuy- lenge, leaders of Mexican Evangelical ogtsiligutkinritlkunigtnga, means, "If Churches have united their efforts· in they do not gather with me." The a National Council of Evangelical heathen has great difficulty in grasp- Churches, and their first united reing Christian ideas; they are so far quest is for aid from America to enremoved from his ordinary thinking. able them to have a general Sunday- school worker for Mexico. Moravian mission work among them began in Greenland in 1733; in Lab- In response to this request, Dr. Robrador work for them was put on a ert M. Hopkins, General Secretary of permanent basis in 1771. In Alaska, the World's Sunday-School Associawhere their population is densest, five tion, Dr. Marion Stevenson of St. Moravian workers established a sta- Louis, and Dr. J. Kirkwood Craig of tion on the Kuskokwim River in 1885. Pittsburgh, met a group of thirty-five This is exclusively a Moravian field. leaders from all the churches in a con- ference held in the Union Seminary, Mexico City, December 3 to 6. Con-

ferences with denominational groups fishermen that we may be better were also held, and as a result, a pro- able to win them for Christ. During gram was developed by the Mexican the nights the fishermen travel over forces which looks toward the placing the mountains by the seaside, with of a strong leader in the field to de- lighted torches in their hands to assist velop the religious education work them in catching the crabs; while which is so earnestly desired at this during the day, we with our torch, time. This program, with the budget which is the Word of God, in our for its support, has been placed before hands, preach the Good News of the the seven outstanding mission boards love of God, with the object of catchinterested in its operation, and it is ingmen." hoped that their favorable action will insure its inauguration at an early SEM SALVANT, Evangetist. date. Mexico has guaranteed for the first year twenty per cent of the finan- Laying Foundations in Peru cial support required. UNTIL quite recently Bibles were The eyes of all Latin America are not allowed in Peru. One young upon Mexico at this time. colporteur was cast into prison and lay for months in a vile dungeon for Catching Men in Haiti trying to give the Scriptures to the people. But the Continent is now open T HE Haitien Gospel Mission has for the circulation of the Scriptures, been established by Pastor J. Al- and for the preaching of the Gospel fred Pearce without assistance from of Christ. They have today a Gospel any foreign missionary society. It is printing press in Lima, and their Gosconducted solely by faith in God. pel magazines are being circulated through that Republic preparing the A worker writes: "Notwithstanding way for the Word of God itself. There the fact that we have no guaranteed are at the present time between salaries, we have never wanted the eighty to a hundred little churches, means necessary for the purchase of congregations of men and women who food. Sometimes at the very moment either have never seen a missionary, when our last penny has been spent, or else have seen one only at long inwe receive fresh supplies; this gives tervals, but who are gathering round us occasion to praise God anew. the Word every Lord's Day, and are creating a spiritual atmosphere in "La Tortue needs to be evangelized. many of these little towns and villages. In all my experience I have never In Brazil little churches have sprung known any people so sunk in super- up, built upon the Word of God.-The stition and iniquity. Almost all of Christian. the inhabitants are serving evil spirits, which are called Les Anges News from. Colombia RebeUes. Last month at a funeral I was surprised to observe that the cere- FUNDS have been received for a new mony was controlled by those possessed building for Bogota Boys' School. with evil spirits. After burying the This has been completed and includes corpse, the people clapped their hands recitation rooms, dining room, kitchen in unison and danced over the newly and dormitory accommodations for 70 filled grave! students. A new residence has been provided for Bogota, the first mission- "By the grace of God we have com- ary home to be supplied in this oldest menced to persuade some to accept Presbyterian mission station in South Jesus Christ as their Saviour. We America. have visited many people living on the two extremities of the island. Some- The year 1928 has been a notable times we accompany fishermen who go one in the boys' school; the enrolment off to catch crabs at night. We eat was the largest in the history of the and sleep in the open air with the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

school. Over 200 boys were turned missionary work has proved most difaway for lack of room. A successful ficult. Not only has the color of his experiment was the training of four face and his social standing stood beboys as teachers. Each one gave two tween the white man and the Indian, hours of service daily and in addition but the language has proved an addicarried his own full course of study. tional barrier. The Aymaran tongue They proved their ability as students prevails among the common people of by always being on the honor roll, one Bolivia. Most missionaries find that of them, a scholarship boy and the son it is all they can do to master Spanish of the evangelist at San Lorenzo, ob- without attempting another language tained 100 per cent in every subject in which there are few grammatical during November. All of them did helps. Because of the Indian's deep splendid work as teachers, and no com- distrust of the white man, the most plaint was ever lodged against any of effective work among them is done by them. men of mixed Spanish and Indian an- cestry. Missionary work among these The church work, though accom- Bolivian Indians is thoroughly worth plished under difficulties, has gone for- while.-World Neighbors. ward steadily. The church is united and enthusiastic, and hopes next year EUROPE to have an ordained national pastor, leaving the missionary fn:e for itin- Methodist Union in Britain erant work and the management of the paper "Evangelista Colombiana," UNDER the terms of a parliamenwhich is welcomed in the homes of tary bill recently passed, the Wesrich and poor, ignorant and learned. leyan, Primitive and United Method- Its silent message goes to many a town ists may unite in 1931, to form the unvisited by the missionary. Methodist Church, provided that 75 per cent of the three bodies favor the Winning the Bolivia.n Indian prcposal. If the union is consum- mated, there will come into being, in BECAUSE of its great altitude Bo- place of the five kinds of Methodists livia is the strangest land of that Britain knew up to 25 years ago, South America. Its elevation of one single denomination, operating twelve or thirteen thousand feet above 15,367 churches and mission halls, with sea level cuts the country off from the 4,541 ordained ministers, 37,090 local nst of the world. Many people of preachers, 1,649,065 Sunday-school European ancestry cannot live at all teachers and scholars, and 4,300,000 in the thin air of this high plateau; members, worshipers and adherents. all white people suffer a loss of energy. The new church is to be governed by a conference containing 450 ministers Centuries of life in the high Andes and 450 laymen. The usual reasons have given the Indians barrel-like are given in support of this union: chests, well suited to the thin air of desire to prevent overlapping in small their environment. When they ven- communities; to bring the power of a ture into the lowlands, however, their large denomination to bear on the enormous lungs prove fertile breeding problems of city churches; to secure places for the germs of tuberculosis. added efficiency in church boards and Few white men can thrive in Bolivia, institutions. Sir Robert Perks, an while the Indians dare not come down outstanding Wesleyan layman, speaks from their lofty mountain home. Most of the union in the London Times as of Bolivia's two million people are "the most important event in the hispure-blooded Indians. Four hundred tory of British Methodism since John years of exploitation by landowners, Wesley died in 1791."-Christian Cengovernment and the Catholic Church tury. have given them the "complex" of a subject race. Under such conditions 5

Musque in London uated for a hospital in the Basses Alps, about fifty miles from Nice. lONDON reports the collection of American Christians who visit in this region of France will be interested to L $350,000 toward the building of a see the Evangelical work in Digne under the direction of M. and Mme. Moslem mosque in the British capital. Contesse. The growth of Mohammedanism in England among the young is giving Ten Years in BelgiuDl many grave concern. This missionary work is done largely through the THE Belgian Gospel Mission cele- Ahmadiya mevement, which offers a brated its lOth anniversary at the sort of synthetic: religion. clese of last year. Four new posts were opened during the year and It is curious how lack of historical eleven new workers were added to the perspective gives to such cults the staff. Since the founding of the Misglamor of new inter-religious power. sion 43 pests have been opened where As a matter of fact, the Ahmadiya 160 regular meetings are held each movement started with one Mirza week. The distribution of Bibles, Ghulam Ahmad in 1889. A group ac- Scripture portions, cards, texts and cepted his claims to be the Mahdi, or books totaled 892,411. The official or- Messiah of Islamic expectation and the gan, "Our Hope," has a circulation of sect was given a universal character 7,800. by identifying this new Mahdi with the Hindu Avatar and the Christ, At one of the meetings of the anwhose sec~nd coming Christians niversary celebration, at which some awaited. His personality, he informed three hundred people were present, it his followers, was "spiritually a com- was asked how many people had been bination of the persons of these two brought to Christ through the Mission eminent prophets." He denied the and 225 arcse.-Annual Report. death and resurrection of Jesus who, he said, had had his wounds healed by Religiotis FreedoDl in Italy a magical ointment, fled to Galilee, and thence to Kashmir, where his tomb I TALIAN Protestants have awaited really was to be found! The propa- with some anxiety the pUblication ganda of the Ahmadiya missionaries of the terms of agreement between the in England is a sad commentary on Pope and the Italian. Government. A British intelligence. – Living Church. definite statement of the new laws has been made by Rev. E. J. Bradford, E, angelical Hospital in France Chairman of the Wesleyan Methodist church, residing in Rome. THE French South East Mission at Digne, has recently opened a sixty- Article I-Religious cults different bed hospital that has already exerted from the Catholic Apostolic and Roman a great influence for the Gospel. The are admitted in the kingdom, as long as doctor and nurses are all Christian they do not profess principles or follow soul winners and hold daily prayers rites which are contrary to public order with the patients. The hospital has or morality. proved a great blessing to evangelical Christians who formerly were obliged Article 2-The institutions of such to go to institutions under the care cults may be recognized as moral enof Roman Catholic priests and nuns. tities, by means of Royal Decrees, on the proposal of the Ministry of Justice in Prayer is asked for this work and concert with the Ministry of the Interior, the workers and for funds for the sup- after the Council of State and the Cabi- net Council has been consulted and port of nurses.* Digne is ideally sit- heard. Such moral entities are subject to the civil laws concerning government "'Gifts may be sent to the D. :U. Stearns authorization for the acquirement and FUlld. 147 W. School Lane. Germantown, Phila., alienation of the property of moral en- Pn. An American committee has been formed tities. Special rules for the exercise of including Rev. Donald G. Barnhouse. of Phila- vigilance and control by the State may delphia, and Dr. Howard A. Kelly, of BaltImore.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

further be established in the Decree for from the Church of Rome.-Record the creation of each moral entity. of Christian Work.

Article 3-The nomination of the BaptisDlS in Russia. ministers of cults different from the state religion must be notified to the A NT I-RELIGIOUS sentiment was Minister of Justice or of Religious Af- .t. strongly manifested in Moscow fairs for approval. No civil effect can be when, on June 30th, the Russian Bap- recognized of the ministerial acts of his tists conducted a religious service and ministry in the case of a minister of baptismal ceremony which lasted from religion if his nomination has not ob- 6 o'clock until 10 o'clock in the morn- tained the approval of government. ing.

Article 4-Difference of cult does not The newspaper report, quoted in the create an obstacle to the enjoyment of New York Times from Working Mos- civil and political rights, or render any- cow says: "Right here in Moscow- one ineligible for civil and military in the Summer of 1929, on June 30th service. -with the All Union Atheist Conven- tion just ended-with the Soviet Con- Article 5-Discussion of religious gress but a month ago having passed matters is entirely free. a constitutional amendment limiting religious propaganda-what do we Article 6–Parents or guardians may see? An incredible proceeding-a demand dispensation on behalf of their mass baptism by a religious cult in children from attendance at religious the Moscow River-in the heart of the instruction in the public schools. proletarian section of the city-under the walls of the 'Triangle' brewery." Article 7-Matrimony celebrated before any of the ministers of religion in- The writer runs on for four and a dicated in Article 3 produces the same half columns, with photographs showeffect as matrimony celebrated before ing a magnificent Baptist elder with a the officers of the Civil State, when the long white beard conducting a service, dispositions of the following Articles immersing the white-clad neophytes. shall have been observed. The Russian reporter calls the pro- Articles 8-12 contain the rules for ceedings "incredible," "inexplicable," the celebration of matrimony by non- "intolerable," and complains that the Roman Catholic ministers of religion Moscow Police Department gave a perwhich places them in the same position mit to the Baptists. in reference to the celebration of matrimony as Roman Catholic priests and in On the other hand the American a similar position to Authorized Per- Zionists are sharply attacking the sons in England. Soviet Government for their intoler- ance and ill treatment of Russian Jews -Christian Advocate. and for their suppression of Jewish religious and cultural organizations. The Waldenses Today The Zionists declare that the Russians are determined to destroy every ves- T HOSE sturdy Protestant surviv- tage of Judaism in the country. ors of persecution in Italy, the Waldenses, report a membership of The Jews in Czecho-Slovakia 19,172, with an influence far beyond I N CZECHO-SLOVAKIA there are their numbers. There are free ele- approximately 400,000 Jews who mentary schools, supported entirely vary much in type and outlook. In by the Church, and as many children and around the city of Prague they as can be packed into the buildings are extremely liberal, while in the outare under the influence of the Gospel. lying districts they are of a some- what more orthodox nature. In the It is interesting that a new organ- whole Republic there is today only one ization for boys, under the Fascisti Government and similar to the Boy Scouts, required each group to have religious instruction under the parish priest. The Waldenses asked exemption, and the government's decision is far-reaching. All boys of Evangelical churches are to receive religious teaching from their own ministers instead of the Roman priests. The nation seems in the way of freeing itself

missionary at work-Rev. C. A. Smith, of a century Africa may not be Chris- M.A., of Tillicoultry, who is giving tian, but it will be Christianized. service at Prague and round about. There will be no dark parts where the light of the Gospel has not shed its Mr. Smith finds those Jews with ray; there will be no tribe without its whom he has come in contact very ap- preachers, and no tongue into which proachable and always willing to enter some portion of the Scripture has not into friendly relations with him. In been translated.-Missionary Witness. Prague itself there are four universities with more than 20,000 students, Triumphs in West Africa and among these students there are many Jews, speaking all the languages REV. F. DEAVILLE WALKER, of Eastern Europe, for, in order to writing in The Moslem World, reobtain the benefit of university study, ports optimistically concerning the they have had to flee from their native progress of Christianity in West Aflands under the pressure of anti- rica. He believes that the Mohammesemitism. dan advance in that region, viewed with such concern by Christian world On behalf of these masses of stu- leaders twenty years ago, has been dents, a great Students' Union has definitely arrested. been organized by the American Y. M. C. A., and Mr. Smith has full free- A missionary of 18 years' experidom to go· in and out among them. ence is reported as saying that there He has many opportunities of bring- is practically no Mohammedan propaing the message of the Gospel to the ganda going on in Ashanti and that, so Jewish people. Every Sunday Jews far from every Moslem trader being a are present at the English service, missionary for his faith, they are some, perhaps, coming out of mere making no serious efforts to win curiosity, but others are sincere wor- Ashantis from their fetichism. Over shippers. A Bible class for young very wide areas there is not a single men and young women has also been Mohammedan missionary. Not an Afset going, and both Jews and Jew- rican minister, Government official or esses are members of the class which trader with whom he conversed, could is studying the life of Jesus Christ tell him of any important present day along Study Circle lines.-The Record. movement towards Islam.

AFRICA During the last 15 years the Wes- leyan Methodist missionaries and Af- A Challenge rican ministers have baptized over one hundred thousand adult converts from FIFTY years ago one could have fetichism in West Africa. In addi- drawn a red line fifty miles inland tion to these there are from 60,000 to and parallel to the coast all around 100,000 people who were baptized by the Continent of Africa, and, except- the Negro "prophet", William Harris, ing the South African colonies, there and his helpers. Islam in that field were hardly fifty stations inside that can show nothing comparable to these red line. Today there are fifteen hun- victories. dred stations occupied by white missionaries, while thousands of posts are Sudan Interior Mission held by the host of faithful black preachers of the Gospel. I N a letter dated May 1st, Mr. John Hall, of the Sudan Interior Mis- The advance in Africa in the last sion, writing from Kaltungo, via 25 years has been unprecedented in the Gombe, Nigeria, says: "For three and annals of Missions. The Sudan Inte- a half months our Sunday congregarior Mission has made an annual gain tions have steadily increased in size. of 20% for the paljlt four years. If By the beginning of March they were all the Missions can keep up the same taxing the capacity of the church inratio of increase for another quarter

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

terior; and by the last Sunday of that ated portions of Scripture, covering month they overflowed into the porches the main parts of the Old and New and verandas. Fortunately, the large Testaments and giving a clear outline grass roof extended on all four sides of the Bible facts as well as the main many feet beyond the walls, and, as it teachings. In 1918 appeared the litwas supported everywhere by palm erally translated Gospels and Acts, a tree posts, was· entirely independent classic in Scripture translations. In of the walls. By breaking down the addition to the "Book of Books" a sun-baked mud walls on two sides, and monthly paper in the vernacular is rebuilding them out at the roof-edge, published, along with other literature. we could make room for two hundred Still another matter of interest is the more persons-a task calling for a completion of the new railway from tremendous amount of labor. We set Ilebo to Bukama, in connection with the matter out before the congrega- which the King and Queen of Belgium tion. The discussion was short and paid a visit to the Congo in order to sweet; the execution was prompt, formally inaugurate the railway servspontaneous and free. Next morning ice.-Congo Mission News. at sunrise they began to come from far and near, and within an hour or African Boy Scout" two one hundred and fifty persons were at work. By sunset on Saturday ONE of the most interesting outthe whole place was rebuilt, recleaned growths of the Jeannes Training and redecorated. Since then, the at- School of Nairobi, British East Aftendances at the Sunday services have rica, is the development of the Boy still been in eXCESS of the additional Scouts. The principal, J. W. C. Dougseating accommodation."-The Chris- all, writes that it would be premature tian. to form troops as a part of the World Wide Scout Organization, but the AdTance in the Congo idea is rather to find what indigenous practices can be adapted. For examc AN ENCOURAGING feature of the pie, the people of Kavarondo have a custom of glvmg a praise title .tl work of the Congo Presbyterian "vVagosi," to these conspicuous for courageous service. Mr. Dougall now Mission is the growing recognition of has a group of sixteen boys called stewardship on the part of native "Wagosi," and membership comes on- Christians. The actual cash gifts ly to those who have earned the title. through native church collections and ThEse "Wagcsis" look the part when excluding all missionary or other for- on parade with their black shirts, eign donations exceed one hundred bracelets and anklets made from the thousand francs (approximately $3,- skin of a small black monkey; on their 000), being a gain of fifty per cent heads a band of the same skin with a over the gifts of the previous year. white plume.-Tuskegee Mess6nger. Several of our stations report nearly one half of their out-stations as being Mary Slessor Memorial Fund supported by the native church. rrHE Mary Slessor Memorial Fund The completion at Luebo of the was created in 1915 by the Foreign Morrison Memorial Church, seating 2,000 and having a number of features Mission Committee of the United which make it an outstanding build- Free Church of Scotland to provide ing, symbolizes the growing solidarity the salary of a memorial missionary of the work. Another forward step is and the expenses of the Slessor Memthe appearance of the whole Bible in orial Home for Women and Girls. The the Baluba-Lulua language. Sixteen funds received have been more than years ago we were rejoicing over the ample for these two purposes, and the publication of the "Malesona," a series committee now propose to widen the of literal translations and transliter-

original purposes and to make it ap- stantinople, Haifa, Alexandria, Cairo, plicable to all work in Calabar in Jerusalem, Damascus, Beirut, Baalbek, which Mary Slessor took a personal Aleppo, Alexandretta, Geneva, Paris interest. The following minute was and London. In all of these places impassed by the committee in Novem- portant conferences were held, public ber: meetings were attended and ad- dressed, prelates and other distin- 1. The committee record with much guished representatives of eastern satisfaction that the sum of £5,000 churches were visited and missionary authorized has now been secured. groups were consulted. The mission- aries welcomed the approach through 2. The erection of the Memorial religious education to the eastern Home at Arochuku is now approach- churches that the deputation proposed. ing completion, and there is money on Colleges and seminaries were also athand more than sufficient to meet the tentive and special openings for cost. teachers of religious education have been offered in such institutions as 3. In view of the interest which the American University of Beirut, continues to be manifested by many the American University of Cairo, the friends in the providing and maintain- University of Athens, the Greek ing of a worthy memorial, the commit- Orthodox Seminary in Alexandria and tee has decided to extend the fund to a group of educational institutions in include other parts of the women's Jerusalem.-World's S. S. Association work in Calabar, which was dear to N 6WS Bulletin. Miss Slessor's heart. Thc Case for Advance WESTERN ASIA T HE American Board is the sole New Approach to Ancient Churches missionary agency for the interior of Asia Minor. Nearly one half of F IVE leaders of religious education this area is without any missionary in North America composed a re- contacts. This half is nearly as large cent deputation from the World's Sun- as Italy and contains approximately day School Association to the Near three million Turks and Kurds. It in- East. Dr. Robt. M. Hopkins, General cludes the former stations of Tre- Secretary of the World's Sunday bizond, Erzroum, Van, Bitlis, Harpoot, School Association and Chairman of Diarbekir and Sivas, all vacant at the the International Council of Religious present time. Education; Dr. Wm. H. Main, Executive Secretary of the American Bap- According to the Turkish census, tist Publication Society; Rev. W. M. 84% of the population of the country Howlett, Religious Edutation Secre- live in rural areas, including towns of tary of the Greater New York City less than 10,000 inhabitants. All of Federation of Churches; Dr. W. Ed- cur missionaries with their instituward Raffety, Professor of Religious tions live and work in towns of more Education in the University of Red- than 10,000 inhabitants, or among the lands; and Mr. John R. Voris, Asso- 16% of the population. At the Jeruciate General Secretary of Near East salem Council definite plans were made Relief. for more adequately meeting these rural needs. The immediate objective of the pilgrimage was to help determine the re- A Moslem population of over two lationship of the World's Sunday million on the periphery of Turkey, School Association with ancient east- in lands for the most part under ern churches in the work of religious Christian government, is unusually education. A very decided opportu- open to Christian approach. One nity for fellowship in this work is German society has made a small beopen to the churchEs of the west.

The fifteen thousand mile itinerary took the deputation to Athens, Con-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ginning in this approach in Bulgaria. ten lepers who were healed by our In view of the difficulties in the way Lerd, of whom only one returned to of direct missionary activity in give thanks to Him. Turkey, the opportunity presented among the Turks of North Syria, First the story was told. Then Cyprus and Bulgaria and among the pieces of brown paper and chalk were Pomaks of Bulgaria and the Albanians handed round that the scene might be seems unusually ripe. The American drawn. After that, a big picture il- Board has gone into partnership with lustrating the 3tcry was held up for the Armenian Missionary Association the children to see; lastly the s:ene to telp the Armenians who have been was acted ty the little boys present. driven from Turkey, but who were formerly part of the constituency of "Ana Miskccn, Ana Miskcen"! the American Board and who are now whined the liWe lepers as they apscattered throughout the world. proached to te healed. The only one who returned to give thanks to Him Missions and Persian Government who had healed them stooped low in gratitude. THE great problem in Persia is the relation of mission schools to the Those children will not only re-_nemgovernrrent. There is no restriction ber that story, but they have caught a put upon Bible teaching for non- glimpse of its meaning.-Westcrn Mcs~ems and none for Moslems outside Asia News. of school hours. The schools continue to make tteir contributions to the INDIA evangelistic work of the missions. The medical department gave more than Review of Present Conditions 79,000 treatments to out-patients and 2,277 in-patients were cared for. An A N ARTICLE in the International outstanding feature of the outfield f t Review of Mission3 enumerates work has teen the medical itinerating. events of considerable importance in India in 1928. The second All-India The demands of the government are Women's Conference was held at to Persianize education as to lan- Delhi in February, 1928, presided guage, unify it as to religion, stand- over by the Begum Mother of Bhopa. ardize it as to educational method and REsolutions were passed in favor of contEnt. These demands obliged the the age of marriage being raised to schoels to revaluate methods. The re- 16 years for girls and 21 for boys; of ligious objective is to exalt Jesus compulsory primary education of Christ and to lead boys to a personal girls; of the establishment of an allsurrender to Him; the educational India fund for the promotion of objective is to prepare young men for women's education; of compulsory upright and useful service as citizens medical inspe:otion and medical trainof Persia. The present intense na- ing for girls as well as for beys, and tional feeling in Persia dictates a of increasing the numter of training policy cf great tact and careful ap- collEges. proach. Quiet and loving personal work in the presentation of the Gcspel A bill was brought forward in the is counted on for lasting results. Assembly raising the age of consent to 14 and 16 years for married and H(;w Arab Urchins Are Taught unmarried gir's r€spectively. A gov- ernment committee of enquiry has O""E hot Sunday morning in Jaffa teen appointed to investigate the law tetwten 40 and 50 little street relating to the age of consent. The Arats were assembled, collected from age of marriage h2s been fixe] by the the narrow streets of the old city. Baroda Legislative Ccuncil at I'! ye:lrs for girls and 18 fer toys. Si"T'ilar The stery was being taught of the laws have been s:lndioned by Kesh- mir, Mysore and sorre other Indian states. Rajkot h2_s raised the age of

marriage to 15 years for girls and 19 laws has often resulted in great hardfor boys. A bill was introduced into ship, and certain Hindu reformers bethe Assembly making Hindu child lieve that divorce is not inconsistent marriage invalid, and was altered in with the teachings of the Hindu sacred select committee so as to be applicable writings. Pandit K. P. Kaul, at a reto all communities, the minimum age cent social conference, moved that of marriage being fixed at 14 years steps be taken at an early date to enfor girls and 18 for boys. The bill act legislation to sanction the dissoluhas been hotly opposed by the Ortho- tion of Hindu marriages in cases of dox body of Hindus. desertion and cruelty by the husband, and in support of his resolution, cited The Madras Legislative -Council has quotations from Manu contemplating adopted a resolution recommending five causes under which a wife can retotal prohibition in the Madras Presi- marry in the lifetime of the husband. dency within 20 years. The govern- Although the resolution aroused conments of the provinces concerned have siderable opposition, it was carried by appointed committees of enquiry into a narrow majority, after an amendthe excessive use of opium in the areas ment was added including misconduct, whEre the worst abuses occur-e. g., bigamy, desertion and cruelty by Calcutta, Orissa and parts of Bombay. either party to the marriage, as rea- The slave-releasing commission is in- sons for a dissolution. Baroda State quiring into the condition of slaves seems to be leading the way in this liberated during 1928. new development and is in process of enacting a divorce law.-Dnyanodaya. The High Caste Hindu Round Table at Lucknow WHEREAS in the past it was the low caste and the "outcasts" of A "ROUND TABLE" group of India that were being reached by the representatives of churches in Gospel, news is cO'lling from all parts Northern India recently discussed at of India of its a'.:ceptance in increas- Lucknow the possibility of these ing numbers by the high caste Hindu. churches coming together in life, work and worship. Churches represented, The International R6view of Mis- in addition to the United Chureh of sions states: "Christian evangelistic North India, were the Methodist work has ccntinued steadily in all Episccpal, the WeslEyan Methodist parts of India throughout the year. (Northern Synod), Australian Wes- The mass movements are an important lEyans, Baptist Associations, Amerifact, especially in the Telugu country can Disciples of Christ, Australian and to the north. In Hyderabad and ChurchES of Christ and the Church of other parts of the Telugu country the Brethren. The Anglican Church there is a noticeable movement of awaits the result of negotiations in caste Hindus toward the church in the South India before entering the disareas in which tte mass movement cussion elsewhere. A general eageramcng the outcastes has proved most pess for union was observed. SOIre of effective. Two years ago there were the qu€stions considered were: How not a dozen high caste Hindu converts far is the Congregational system of in all Hyderabad villages. Today government desirable, and how far the there are at least 800. Similar facts Presbyterian? How far may the are recorded in othEr parts of the questicn of baptism be left open? country." Hew far is a united church possible without breaking ties of international Hindu Customs Changing fellowshi p? What form of creed is dEsirable as a basis of union? and H INDUISM is not static, as illus- What is the next step ?-Dnyanodaya. trated by the present agitation to allow divorce on certain grounds. The rigidity of the Hindu marriage

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

English-Trained Preacher.. for Ceylon treasure this best and highest of all gifts from the West, and plead that this THE Church Missionary Society has should he made a permanent gift to the recently decided upon a new method Christian Movement in China. Chrisof training men for the ministry in tian missions may terminate before Ceylon. Since there is no C. M. S. long. It is our sincerest hope that the Divinity School on the Island, men presence of Christian workers from have hitherto gone to South India for other lands will never be discontinued in the Christian Movement in China."

their theological training. The new -Woman's Missionary Friend.

plan is to invite one candidate at a time to come to England for study Resuming the Offensive T under a teacher who is familial' with HE Chinese Church, having passed through fins of persecution, is Ceylon and its needs. After ordination, each man is to have one or two undertaking the responsibility of an years of pastoral experience in Eng- indigenous organization. The enemy land, and thus the home church will be offensive is arrested, and the China brought into closer fellowship with Inland Mission is carrying through a the Church in Ceylon. counter-offensive in the territory al- loted to it. The Council of the Mis- CHINA sion has not only authorized the recall Anti-Foreign Spirit of a propcrtion of its missionaries, DR. DAVID YUI, perhaps the out- but is also sending out new workers. standing Christian Chinese in The actual number of recruits who China today, has given to the Secre- took their place in the ranks during tary of the Y. M. C. A. in China the the year was 69, including 24 associ- following statement regarding the ates. Of the 45 members added to our anti-foreign feeling in his country: lists, 19 were from North America, "Taking the Chinese people as a 18 from Great Britain, and 8 from whole, I do not believe that they are at Australasia. In addition 2 members all anti-foreign. They are perhaps a bit and 2 associates were transferred curious about foreigners at times, due from the retired to the active list. more to their ignorance than to any Thus the total number of missionaries animosity. As a matter of fact, they are on the active list on December 31, even kindly disposed toward foreigners, 1928, was 1,167, as compared with particularly those whose national lead- 1,185 at the end of 1927. ers have rendered some special service to China. In the minds of the Chinese In Kweichcw, one of the most negpeople the terms 'Americans' and lected provinces, with 57 out of 81 'friendship' are practically synonymous, counties unoccupied, a definite adand the names of John Hay, Roosevelt vance is planned. Provincial governand others are always honored. There ments are hastening to build better are a few Chinese individuals who, for roads, and thus unintentionally are one reason or another, are anti-foreign. speeding the advance of the mission- I do not think that this is any special ary. The helpl€ssness of idols to save Chinese characteristic. for we do not themselves has made a deep impresfail to find similar individuals in differ- sion, and there has been widespread ent countries. We should, however, take care that we do not take them to represent their entire people or race."

In another interview Mr. Yui says: d€struction of them, often by govern- "The missionary life is the best and ment order.-China's Millions. highest gift from the Christian Movements of the West to the Christian in Uphea… al a Blessing China. The true missionary life, the true Christian life, is not only beautiful, A STRIKING proof of how the uplifting, inspiring and helpful to man Spirit of God is guiding the Chibut also most acceptable and pleasing nese Christians is the recent coming to God. It is this type of life which together into one organization of more than anything else helps make a 120,000 of them, nearly one third the reality the Fatherhood of God and the evangelical membership of all China. Saviourhood of Jesus Christ. Wf do

This organization is the fruitage of Ogino, being appalled by the gynecosixteen mission boards. Of its mem~ logical treatment of women in the bel's two thirds are Presbyterians and hospitals of her country, sought adthe others mainly Congregationalists mission to the Imperial Government and English Baptists. The proper Medical School. It was not until 1884 name of this organization is "The that this permission was grantej, but Church of Christ in China," though she had in the meantime studied mediit is usually called in this country, cine so diligently that she was able to "The United Church of Christ in pass tte necessary examinations after China." one year's work; and in 1885 she be- came the first woman doctor in Japan. Dr. Y. C. Yong, President of Soochow University, declares: "The more Anether coeducational medical in- I analyze the situation, the more I am stitution in Tokyo was established in convinced that the Christian Church 1875 by Tai Hasegawa, the first Japa" in China, instead of having been set nese to study medicine in Europe back by recent events, has really been after the revolution of 1868. At this put in a stronger position than ever." coIlege Mrs. Yayoi Yoshioka was -Christian Observer. graduated in 1892. She says: A Revival in China "In these days, rigid, feudalistic codes held sway, so that the male stu- REV. W. B. COLE, of the Methodist dents oppossed the female students. Episcopal Mission in Sienya, Accordingly, in 1900 the school did not Fukien, reports a very encouraging permit women to matriculate and the religious awakening in their district. girl students asked me to establish a Special meetings were held for twelve women's medical school. I founded days, at about Easter time, and crowds my school in a room in my dispensary, came from all the country round to which were admitted only four girl about. At every service there were students. This is the origin of the many conversions and a large number Tokyo Women's Medical College. Few of earnest inquirers. "At times half people felt the necessity of professions the audience would try to come for- for women in those days, so the manward to the altar," writes Mr. Cole. agement of the school was difficult. The Chinese evangelists assisted in Nevertheless, in 1909 we had our first the services-a preacher, a singer and successful examime of the medical lia Bible woman. The Christians were cense examination." also greatly aroused and sought the baptism of the Holy Spirit for cleans- In Dr. Yoshioka's medical college ing and power. "The revival has just the course consists of one year's prebegun," continues Mr. Cole. "It must paratory and four years' medical spread to all the country places." study. In 1928 there were enrolled 807 students, and the school has grad- JAPAN·CHOSEN uated 1,247 medical women. There are now about 1,500 women doctors in Women's Progress Japan. They not only practice medi- cine, but some are internes of hos- JAP AN'S rapid advance in culture is pitals, and work in government serv- shown by the education of her ice. Some also work in factoriES and women. In 1888 the first Japanese in relief work; while others are phywoman to study medicine was gradu- sicians of the primary schools and ated from the Woman's Medical Col- girls' high schools throughout the Emlege of Philadelphia. In "The Story pire. of the Medical Education of Women in Japan," ty the president of the Dr. Yoshioka has built three hos- Women's Medical College in Tokyo, pitals, and the alumnre have also built Dr. Yayoi Yoshioka, says that in 1868 one, all fer teaching purpcses, as well another Japanese woman named Ginko as for the benefit of rich and poor

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

patients. These hospitals have several by mortgages; the Koreans are notohundreds of beds and a dormitory for riously ready to go into debt, heedless housing five hundred students, a lab- of consequences. When the day of oratory, and a new library. At the settlement arrives, the usual result is Shiseikai hospital alone, which the ejectment. As this process goes on alumnre built after the earthquake of apace, the Korean is being crowded to 1923, 40,000 patients have been the wall. Meanwhile, public improvetreated since 1926. ments of all sorts appear on every hand. Cowpaths become motor high- An All Night Meeting ways. Electricity and water systems extend, even through country regions. MISS J. M. JOHNTONE, of the The cities are rapidly developing, with Presbyterian girls' school at higher class buildings and all the fa- Shimonoseki, writes of an all night cilities of the Western world. meeting for spiritual inquiry that followed a Christmas celebration. She The effect upon the Church is says: "The celebration began with marked, and the day of testing is alexercises for the children which lasted ready far advanced. The question of from six until half past eight. The keeping the Sabbath holy unto the celebration for adults included Lord press€s in the most exacting way. speeches and a two-hour sermon which Will a man consent to work on Sunday ended at half past twelve. Twenty- or lose his job? When "the five-day six remained, including five girl stu- market" falls on Sunday, shall the dents from Tokyo who came to talk farm produce be taken to market on about spiritual things. These twenty- Sunday or not sold? (Over eighty six started asking Mr. Homma ques- per cent of the people live by farmtions and the conference· continued ing.) The question of debt was likeuntil nine in the morning when all wise cropping up constantly. How said that the light of faith had could one help borrowing, when his dawned in their lives. That was a labor did not yield enough to support fifteen-hour Christmas celebration! his family? And how could he give Mr. Hirotsu said the earnestness of when he could not make enough to these girls and the way Mr. Homma, live? the evangelist, answered their difficulties was a revelation. Last year Even so, hundreds of Stewardship Mr. Homma received and answered Covenants were signed. At the last of seven thousand letters on spiritual the eight conferences, out of a group matters." of not over two hundred, one hundred and fifty-()ne pressed to the front to Stewardship in Korea sign the cards, crowding the space in front of the pulpit, as the prayer of I N HIS stewardship campaign dedication was offered. No pressure around the world, Mr. David Mc- whatever was brought to bear, but in- Conaughy spent a full month in Ko- variably, caution was given against rea, holding seventy speaking engage- impulsive decision, and generally opments with an attendance larger than portunity was afforded prayerfully to elsewhere. He reports in the Korean consider the step over night before mind a complex of self-pity and eco- entering into the covenant. nomic hopelessness, due in part to political conditions. AUSTRALASIA AND OCEANEA Especially in the southern part of A Young Fijian Society the country the land is rapidly passing out of the hands of the Koreans into A E. ALLAN, who spent three those of their conquerors, the Japa- • months touring the islands, nese. The latter make it easy to bor- states that a new Fiji is springing up row, but always with ample protection and that Young Fijian's Society is causing the younger generation to

think new thoughts. It makes a finan- ing six Sunday schools, and arrangcial levy on its members, where once ing for an occasional C. E. rally. In the Church alone appealed. The na- the Garo part of the field the progress tives now dress better, eat more costly is much more marked; the churches food, and even ride in motors. This there support four full time workers, means less money for our missionary and report two hundred and fifty-seven funds. Education is making its ap- baptisms. peal, too. The Indians and Chinese are ousting the Fijian in trade and For three years the Union has had commerce, leaving for the owners of before it the idea of supporting a the land the routine work in the worker of its own, possibly in a towns, on the wharves, and on the high selected area. For this purpose conseas. The Davuilevu Institution is tributions have been received and doing a great work in preparing the placed in what is known as the "Reboys to face life well equipped. Its serve Fund," which stands at present technical and secondary schools are at Rs. 1,000. supplying a much felt need. Most of the speakers of the Con- The great wave of evangelism does ference were Bengalis, who presented not sweep over the land as it did. It addresses and papers of a high order. is very true our work is not yet com- -Baptist Missionary Review. pleted. Nothing will take the place of evangelistic effort, but complementary MISCELLANEOUS to that there must be the education of the native. He looks out on a new More Missionaries in 1928 world in wonderment. The missionary cannot be dispensed with. The THE number of new missionaries native needs supervision and guidance, sailing in "1928 exceeded those of and is not ready for self-government, 1927 by more than 100, according to either in State or Church affairs. the Student Volunteer Bulletin. This is the first year since 1920 to show an We visited one station that has been increase over the previous year. The without a missionary for some time- Bulletin continues: empty mission house, unsupervised school. This means that the mission- "Outgoing missionaries last year ary in the next circuit has 150 miles numbered 667. Yet it must be rememof coastline to look after. The next bered that even these 667 new miscircuit with quite as much coastline sionaries who did sail in 1928 are not rarely seES its head through sickness. enough to maintain missionary per- We visited one village that had not sonnel abroad at the present totals. seen a white missionary for 15 years! Conservate estimates state that at -The Layman. least 1,500 new mISSIOnaries are needed annually to make good the in- Australian Baptist Mission evitable lesses, due to retirement, ill- health, and other causes, of the total A NINTH annual united conference Protestant mission forces of about 30,- comprising the Baptist churches 000 missionaries. In the past, North of the Australia and New Zealand America has furnished over four mission fields sends encouraging re- seventh of that total. This means that ports of advance, both in native con- at least 850 new missionaries will be tributions and increasing responsibil- needed each year from North America ity. As yet, no Bengali church sup- if our boards are to maintain their ports its pastor, but several have present missionary forces. However, established a "Pastor's Fund" with the average for the past three years this end in view. One church is staff- has been 28 per cent below the re- quired replacerr:ent number."

WORTH

Any book8 mentioned in the8e column8 will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Pioneer Days in Hawaii. By Oliver P. only be a pastor and spiritual guide Emerson. 12 mo. 259 pp. $2. to the people," Mrs. Emerson wrote Garden City, New York. 1928. after several months' work, "but also The transformation of the Hawai- a school teacher, doctor, farmer and ian Islands from savagery to civiliza- mechanic, and this not for a few hun- tion is one of the great outstanding dred, but for thousands." It was a miracles of missions. It was accom- busy, strenuous life in which husband plished largely by American mission- and wife seem to have shared equally.

aries, most of them from New Eng- Trials there were in abundance but land. Beginning in October, 1819, they are treated of in such matter-of- company after company of strong, fact, uncomplaining fashion that often sturdy young men and women, eminent one must read between the lines to alike for piety and resourcefulness, realize how many and how great they left home and country and braved the were. The station was, in reality, a long, perilous voyage around Cape social settlement of the very best sort, Horn to preach the Gospel and win with God in the midst and help for souls for Christ in these far distant men of every kind, derelict whites as islands. In the fifth company, com- well as the savage natives. The Em- prising nineteen missionaries, which erson home was supplied with many sailed from New Bedford on the servants (let the critics take notice) whale ship, Averick, on November 26, not because they wanted them, for they 1831, were John S. Emerson and his were often more trouble than they bride ("a daughter of the manse"), were worth, but because it seemed the Ursula Sophia Newell Emerson, whose only way to teach them spiritual reali- life story is charmingly told in this ties and train them in habits of clean- volume by their son, Oliver P. Emer- liness and industry. So the young son. wife cheerfully took them into her Landing at Honolulu on May 17, home and endured their stupidity and 1832, after a voyage of nearly five inefficiency. She was in reality giv- months, the young couple were as- ing them practical courses in home signed to the district of Waialua on economics and Christian living. It the island of Oahu, where as yet no cost her much, but paid well. The hus- missionaries had been working. Here band likewise employed the native men in the virgin forest they planted a in carrying out his various projects, station and wrought a great work for often because of the invaluable oppor- God and their fellow men during more tunities it offered for training them than half a century. They were true and winning their respect.

pioneers, willing and able to turn One wonders how they managed it their hands to any kind of work that all for God blessed them with a large would help to advance their purpose. family. Into this happy home there Though preaching the Gospel was came, one after the other, seven stal- their dominant aim, they were not un- wart sons and last of all one precious mindful of the other needs of their daughter. The coming of each was people. "A missionary here must not hailed with joy and they formed a 653

wonderful family of strong, sturdy, Western Theological Seminary, Pitts- burgh, has studied the subject for well-trained children, five of whom many years. He presents a critical survey of the movements toward unity engaged in work in the islands, at within Christendom, including all the churches of all lands from the time of least for a time, following in the foot- Christ until the present day. He has constructed an impartial and accurate steps of father and mother. Mr. history. The Archbishop of York and Principal Alfred E. Garvie, of Lon- Oliver P. Emerson, author of the book, don, Deputy Chairman of the Lau- sanne World Conference on Faith and served for many years as secretary of Order, have written introductions in which they heartily commend the volthe Hawaiian Evangelical Association, ume. The former says that "there has not been in the world hitherto, so far having been called to the task from a as I know, any survey of that field (the age-long concern for unity) that successful pastorate in the United can compare with this in thoughtful- ness and completeness." The rich States. stores of material are supplemented by an invaluable "cronology of Chris- The book has a special mission to tian unity" and by appendices of de- nominational statistics, official docuthose who think that social service is ments, and a copious index. One will do wisely to buy this book. a new development in missionary A. J. BROWN. work and that the idea of taking to Windows Into Alaska. Gertrude Chandler the mission field a Gospel for the Warner and Elizabeth Harris. 87 pp. 75 cents. New York. 1928. whole man is a discovery of the pres- Under the North Star. Katharine E. ent generation. The truth is that the Gladfelter. 135 pp. 75 cents. New York. 1928. pioneers, at least those of the stamp of the Emersons, cared no less than the missionaries of the present day for the bodies as well as the souls of their people and sought their complete development. Nowhere can a truer picture be found of pioneer work and of what the early missionaries at- tempted to do than in this volume. It is a herioc story, told largely in ex- tracts from letters and diaries of the father and mother. The son also adds much that is of value, especially in connection with the later work in the islands. B. M. B.

Christian Unity – Its History and Chal- In spite of an ever inereasinghorde lenge in All Communions, in All Lands. of tourists, many magazine articles Gaius Jackson Slosser. 8 va. 425 pp. and well-written booh, Alaska re- New York. $5. mains largely a Terra incognita. The tourist who goes as far North as This is a volume of unusual value. Skagway is much inclined to think of Two modern religious movements of Alaska in the terms of the rather small major importance are the protest segment he has seen. The country is against war as a means of settling in- so large it baffles one's comprehension. ternational disputes and the demand Its sparce population, infinite variafor closer cooperation and union of tion of climate, painfulIy inadequate Christian churches as an indispensa- communications, div.ersity of native ble means for bringing the great culture, languages and customs all spiritual forces of Christ to bear more lend themselves readily to misundereffectively upon the moral conditions standings and misconceptions. The of America and the world. No other missionary work of the Christian book has dealt with this great subject Cburch in Alaska is well organized, with such comprehensiveness. It pre- well manned and highly significant. sents an immense range of facts, and Its fruitage abounds. In order to imwith remarkable clearness. The au- part clear ideas and to awaken the inthor, who is Professor of Church His- terest of the child in missions and in tory and History of Doctrine in the

BOOKS WORTH READING

Alaska these books have been pre- England, Ireland and Germany. There are sketches of pioneer missionaries pared. They accomplish their task from the 13th century down to the present time. "The unfinished task" well and are to be commended to those shows the still unoccupied areas-geo- graphical, religious and moral. The who are in search of material to use last chapter tells of the International Missionary Council meeting at Jeruwith primary classes and with junior salem, the witchery of the place, the personnel, the program under eight boys and girls. Their value is in- heads, and finally the triumphant agreement on the Christian Message creased by the Worship Services and to the World.

the Supplementary material that are Each chapter has "intelligence tests" on its contents and a list of included. A. J. MONTGOMERY. thirty books is given for supplemen- tary reading. This book is more than The Missionary Education of Primary Chil- a compendium of church history. Its dren. Wilhelmina Stooker. 182 pp. purpose is to bring a revival of mis- $1. New York. 1929. sionary zeal by proving that "the mis- sionary passion is in the very heart of From a rich experience among chil- Christianity." Its effect is to rekindle an enthusiastic belief in Missions. dren the author presents a discussion MRS. S. G. WILSON. by a group of parents and teachers. Church Year Sermons. Thomas Sims. Some are from the city and some from 208 pp. $1.75. New York. 1928.

rural districts, but all are united in It is encouraging to realize that such messages are being delivered. their desire to help children to relate The pastor emeritus" of the First Congregational church, Mel r 0 s e , themselves happily with others of Massachusettes, who spent twenty years in one pulpit, has followed the God's great family. Beginning with Church year, from Advent to Easter, as arranged by the English Prayer near-by people, then far-away friends, Book. This method of securing vari- ety, unity and continuity has proved through play, stories, pictures, mak- effective and is a kind of insurance against falling into ruts. More and ing things, and "finding-out" experi- more these sermons hold the atten- tion. While never startling or revoluences, understanding and appreciation tionary, yet they carry conviction.

are developed. The Home by its at- J. F. RIGGS.

mosphere, contacts and teaching, the Tales of Pioneers. Paper ls. C. M. S. London. 1928. Church by its organization for wor- These nine short stories of Chrisship, giving and study of world tians won in non-Christian lands in- clude the remarkable history of friendship, are the agencies to be Kagawa of Japan and others less known but inspiring, those who were used. The book is stimulating and won to Christ in Uganda, India, China and Persia. Attractive colored plates full of practical suggestions, as real furnish illustrations.

questions and problems are raised and successful solutions are given by the unique method of an informal discus- sion. MRS. S. G. WILSON.

From Jerusalem. to Jerusalem. Helen Bar- rett Montgomery. 240 pp. 50c paper, 75c cloth. Cambridge. 1929.

This popular author, Helen Barrett Montgomery, is always sure of an eager audience. Beginning with Pentecost, she gives a clear and vivid resume of the progress of Christianity; its spread through the Roman Empire in the first three centuries until Constantine united Church and State; the little-known story of the conquests of the Armenian and Nestorian churches and of the Franciscan missionaries extending even to China; the winning of Europe by the Eastern Church among the Slavonic tribes and by the Western Church in France,

.Tames Hannington of Africa. By Charles Proverbs 16: 22). But the study D. Michael. IlJustrated. 8 vo. 183 throws much light on the wonderful pp. 28. Glasgow. 1928. character and ministry of our Lord Jesus Christ. This earthly life, which began in England in 1847 and ended in Central Africa in 1885-less than forty years Boys and Girls of India. IIlus. 18. C. M. later-was full of adventure. James S. London. 1928.

Hannington was the son of a merchant Boys and girls in America will like in Sussex and became Missionary this attractively illustrated story of Bishop to Uganda. He was well edu- their seven comrads in India. We cated and possessed an earnest pur- read of their homes in village and pose, wide sympathies, great courage, jungle, their parents and playmates, artistic talent and a keen sense of their games and adventures.

humor. The story of his life is stim- The Letters of Maxwell Chaplin. Edited ulating, though not marked by literary by George Stewart. Foreword by Robskill. It might have been made much ert E. Speer. 8 vo. 239 pp. $2.50. more attractive to young people but New York. 1928.

the human interest and heroic note of Some men grow old and their youth this martyr's life is in the story. is forgotten or their early promise of "Lutheran Missionsjahrbuch" for 1929. noble development and fine achieve- 42d volume. Editor Dr. W. Gerber, ment is never fulfilled. Max Chaplin Leipzig. $.50. lives in these letters in eternal, vig- orous, chivalrous Christian youth. He This annual presents a great amount was a lovable fellow, viril and fine spirited; intelligent and earnest; his of useful information. It is the year- short life was rich in service to Christ and his fellowmen. Max was born book of the Saxon Missionskonferenz at Morristown, New Jersey, on May 9, 1890, and died in China in July, and serves as a rallying force for the 1926-his earthly career cut off after only seven years of missionary serv- Lutherans of Europe. It also presents ice. His preparation had been un- usual, through his Christian home full statistics of the work in the va- training, his education at Hill School, Princeton and Hartford and his Y. rious mission fields of the Lutherans M. C. A. war work overseas. Max won his way by honest, patient effort, of America. The Jerusalem Confer- ence stands in the center of the dis- cussions and the book contains a number of monographs on missionary subjects. There is a full bibliography of mission publications in many lan- guages. C. T. BENZE.

The Wonderful Names of Our Wonderful and by a pure strong character early Lord. By Thomas C. Horton. 12 mo. given over to the control of Jesus 200 pp. 75c. Long Beach, California. Christ. His letters will be an in- 1928. spiration to other young men. They Among the Hebrews the name de- are natural, well-expressed, and vivid, scribed the person- his character or dealing frankly and intimately with history. The study of these names his experiences and his convictions, of our Lord is a study of our Lord his ambitions and fellowships. Hav- and 80 reveals Him. Three hundred ing been written to friends and the and sixty-five names are listed-one home circle they give exceptionally for every day in the year. Some are stimulating, graphic pictures of life figures of speech or types are taken at school and college, at the seminary, from a phrase that describes some in war contacts and on the mission phase of Christ's work, and others field. They are good reading for young only by the author's inference related and old. They show Max to be a con- to Christ. A few of the interpreta- scientious and courageous Pacifist and tions and references will be questioned a consistent and self-sacrificing Chris- (as for example "Understanding" in tian.

The Missionary Review of the World — July 1929

TOWERS OF BABEL IN A GREAT

We are subconsciously influenced by what we read— To-day when an antidote to the ephemeral is so badly needed the value of a Church Magazine in the home is beyond all estimate- THE ~————————— PRESBYTERIAN This Blank Is Your Invitation to Subscribe MAGAZINE THE PRESBYTERIAN MAGAZINE, Supplies this worth-while reading matter Room 102.1505 Race Street, for the whole family pr.iladelphia, Pa.

INSPIRING : INFORMING , INTERESTING Please send the Presbyterian Mse-8zine to me (or PICTORIAL : INVALUABLE one year. I enclose One Dollar to cover the sub- scription.

Name_ ….._… _……………………•……………. __…………………….

$1 Twelve beautifully illustrated numbers, Address-+_……….__..•…. _____…..••……••……….••.•••••••••••.••••••••• reflecting the whole work per City_______…_____••.••••••.•• _____..•••…•••..••• State__………….. _•••__ of the whole Church – – year PERSONAL China, and had been in Korea for twenty years, having done much to improve liv- DR. ARTHUR JU'DSON BROWN has retired from the secretaryship of the Board ing conditions there and to cultivate a of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, having reached the age limit, peaceable spirit between the Koreans and after an honored and most fruitful service of over a quarter of a century. .. the Japanese. '" EBEN E. OLCOTT, President of the Hud- OBITUARY son River Day Line, a highly-honored MISS LILLIAN A. DRANE, for fifteen years a missionary of the Christian and member, of the Board of Foreign Mis- Missionary Alliance, stationed at Nanling, Anhwei, China, died in Boston on sions of the Reformed Church in Amer- May 30th as the result of an operation. Miss Drane was highly honored and ica, one 0:( the promoters of the Laygreatly beloved for her Christian character and service. men's Missionary Movement and treas- * .. * urer of a number of interdenominational missi01lary, enterprises, died at his home MRS. DAN EVERETT WAID, a prominent and highly-honored member of the Board in New York City, on Wednesday, June of National Missions of the Presbyterian' Church, an author, speaker, and an active 5th, in his seventy-sixth year, after a. worker in behalf of students and foreign populations in America, died at her home prolonged illness. 1 Lexington Ave., New York, on June 11th. Mrs. Waid, formerly Eva May .. .. * Clark, was born in White Cloud, Kansas, in 1869. She married Dan E. Waid, now GENERAL BRAMWELL BOOTH, recently head of the Salvation Army, died at his a prominent arch•itec..t, *in 1891. home near London on June 16th at the FRANK BROCKMAN, senior representative of the Y. M. C. A. in Korea, died at age of 73. .. .. * the age of 51 in the hospital at Princeton, N. J., on June 11th, after two years' REV. R. P. MACKAY, D.D., of Toronto, illness. He was a native of Georgia, a who was for forty years secretary of the brother of Dr. Fletcher S. Brockman of Foreign Mission Board of the Presby- terian Church of Canada, died of heart disease at Woodstock, Ont., on May 28th at the age of eighty-three. He was also a former moderator of the Presbyterian Church of Canada and a strong advocate of union with the Methodist Church. He was highly honored and much beloved not only throughout his own church but also by the missionary leaders of the United States.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor CONTENTS July Review-Our City Number Page FRONTISPIECE-MoDERN TOWERS OF BABEL IN A GREAT METROPOLIS EXPANDING METHODS OF A CITY CHURCH .•……..••…………. E. J. HELMS 501 The remM'kablc story 01 the Church ()/ All Nations and its manifold ministry in Boston.

A CHURCH THAT MET NEW CONDITIONS ……………….•… HOMER K. PITMAN 505 How (t church refused to acknowledge defeat and devised its program to meet the changed surround'mgs.

BROADCASTING THE GOSPEL BY RADIO ………………. HERBERT ·F. LAFLAMME 509 Some results oj the great Ohurch Rederation program in New York Oity.

RELIGIOUS 'FORCES IN A GREAT CITY •••••.••.•..••.••••.••..•••••.••..•..•.••. 512 THE CITY'S FLOATING POPULATION •…………•.••.•..•…….. H. A. DALZELL 513 The story oj how a personal In'Ditation Oommittee meets the problem in Ohicago.

DOES A RELIGIOUS SURVEY HELP ..•……….•..•.••…. ARTHUR H. ARMSTRONG 517 The results 0/ a religious 8Ur1)cy oj St. Louis as seen jive years later.

A UNIQUE WORK AMONG WOMEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BY A COUNCIL MEMBER 520 The .tory of ten year.' activity of the BU8ine•• Women'. OOllncil oj the Friendlv League Jar Ohristian Service.

A LAYMEN'S WORK OF CITY EVANGELISM ………………. WILLIAM MCCARRELL 524 The inBPiring Btory QJ the Fishermen'. Club oj Ohri8tian Laymen.

ADVENTURES IN THE BOWERY DISTRICT ……………….. WILl, lAM N. HUBBELL 528 Wha,t is being done for the depressed clas8es in the American Metropolis.

WORK FOR CITY BOYS AND GIRLS •…•.•••…………………… CART, DAWKINS 533 Haw the youth and their parents are ministered to in the Baptist Tem.ple of Rochester.

A CHURCH THAT DRAWS THE MASSES …………………….. P. W. PHILPOTT 535 What the Moody Memorial Ohu.rch, of Chicago is doing with its new auditorium seat- ing jour thoosand people.

AN ADVENTURE AMONG THE JEWS …………………… JOHN STUART CONNING 539 An encoura.ging report of the 'Work of the Penid Oommunity Oenter in Chicago.

METHODS FOR WORKERS ……..•…•………….. EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON 543 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLE'l'IN ……..••..•• EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 051 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN •……..•.. EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN 555 WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ……… ,………………………………………. 558 BOOKS WORTH READING ……•……………•…•••••••.•.••.•…•………•. 574 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents, Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

ROBERT E. SPEElt, Pre8ident Wll. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President DlIlLAVAN L. PIERSON, SecretlJh1l W ALTHR McDOUGALL, Treasurer PuMication Office, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. Editorial and Business Office, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Entered as second·class matter at the Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. OUR CITY NUMBER Life in our American cities is becom- The Missionary ing more and more complex. One hun- dred years ago there were no large Amer- Training Institute ican cities with congested and hetero- geneous masses of population. Only four Nyack-on-the-Hudson per cent or 280,000 of the seven million people lived in cities. Today 44 per cent NEW YORK or 53,000,000 of the one hundred and twenty million population live in 900 offers unique opportunity during the cities of over ten thousand population. summer months, for profitable Bible Several of these cities contain more peo- study under competent instructors. ple than individual states or nations. In many of the larger cities business and Courses are arranged with a view amusements have crowded out or over- to preparing young men and young shadowed the churches, and hotels and women for either home or foreign apartments have displaced private homes. Christian work. The proper training of children has be- come more and more a problem; spiritual Work done in the summer can be influences have been more and more applied toward credit for diploma. neglected and law enforcement has be- come increasingly difficult in spite of a Fall Term Opens September 10, 1929 larger number of police and court offi- cials. There are nearly eight thousand For catalog write to religious, reformatory, charitable and other philanthropic organizations in New JOHN H. CABLE, Principal York City, working for the betterment of life in that great metropolis. NYACK, N. Y.

The cities· are a problem to educators ( and Christian workers and offer a fitting topic for this year's mission study I:' , classes. A number of valuable books have been prepared and are noted else- LET YOUR GIf, where in this issue which we devote especially to this subject. Here students and to Foreign Missions other readers will find inspiring and suggestive articles on many phases of city PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME life as viewed by the followers of Christ. Other articles are necessarily omitted You can make a generous gift to foreign misfor lack of space and will be published sions and have a needed income for yourself later. These include a discussion of the and others from the money you give by the relation of the Church to the members of the theatrical profession, of whom Annuity Gift Plan there are estimated to be in New York alone nearly twenty thousand men and This plan relieves you of uncertainty and women. Another article that will ap- worry caused by changing values of invested pear later deals with Christ and the in- funds and assures you a fixed income of dustrial workers and another with "New Americans" and how to reach them with 4t% to 9% per year the Gospel. We invite our readers to send in requests for articles on other for the rest ofyour life related topics that they would like to have presented in the REVIEW. A Teserve fund of over $1,500.000 guarantees the prompt payment of annuities to you.

Protect yourself against loss through unwise investments and at the same time help send the gospel to all the world.

For full information write Erne. F. Hall~ Seeretary, Ih!pt. of Annuitiea BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Presbyterian Church. U. S. A.

156 Fifth Avenue. New Yotk Please mention TIlE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THe WORLD in writing to advertisers. The Mid·'l'own Section of New York-Puzzle: Find the Churches and Homes I

LII, No.7 July

THE MISSIONARY 1ieWO..~~ EXPANDING METHODS OF A CITY CHURCH The Work of the Morgan Memorial, Boston, Mass.

BY REV. E. J. HELMS, D.D., Boston, Mass.

W HAT would you do if you the secretary paused in her task of acce~ted a church located giving out pay-slips to interview in the very center of segre- a hungry-looking man and the girl- gated vice and that church was wife who stood beside him with tied up with legal restrictions so her baby daughter.

that it could not be sold or moved The father had been out of work.

away, like the other churches in Their rent was unpaid and the that neighborhood? If your Chris- landlady could keep them no tianity were militant you would try longer. Their last coin had to go to "rescue the perishing" and for a meager noon meal. We took change the conditions. That is the man into our workshops and what Morgan Memorial did with found a room for them close by.

the help of the agencies in the A few weeks later the baby became church and city that it could enlist. ill. The anxious mother brought What would you do if the com- her to our clinic and we gave the munity was composed of people in child free treatment. One of our the direst poverty and they were workers found them living in a overtaken by a financial panic that damp basement room, where they sent them to your chapel beseech- were not having enough to eat.

ing you for food and fuel and cloth- The girl, who yearned for a home, ing and medicine? You would de- was trying to save a little and when vise a system, like the Goodwill the child was admitted to our day Industries, whereby you could pro- nursery, the mother found work.

vide them with self-respecting Now, they are living in a kitchen- work instead of begging-Hnot ette apartment. The father has a charity but a chance." That is position and the mother is able to what Morgan Memorial did and its stay at home and care for the child.

method has since been adopted in This is one of the many families fifty-two cities in the United States we have helped in time of need.

and sixteen cities in other lands. What would you do if your com- This is how the Goodwill works munity became so polyglot that it at Morgan Memorial. The em- was composed of more than 90:'7'0 ployment bureau was crowded and foreign-speaking people who could 501

scarcely understand "English as facilities were provided in your she is spoke"? You would find city plan. A big fresh air farm helpers who could speak the lan- in the country would be found to guages of these new-comers and serve as a preventorium for sickcould minister to them in ways ness and a disseminator of moral and words so that they could and spiritual health. That is what understand the true meaning of Morgan Memorial has done for the Gospel. That is what Morgan many years and has brought bene- Memorial did for the Syrian Col- fit to thousands. ony, the Italian Colony, the Portuguese, the colored, the Russian and Mr. Sanda was hurt in an acthe Armenian Colonies that have cident and was in the hospital. His settled all around the church. wife came to us in great distress saying, "I have four children, my Overcoming Babel Joe and Mary have to go to school. I used to sew in the old country. The tower of Babel showed that Tailor say he give me work. But it is impossible to reach heaven by I can't leave a two-year baby alone rearing structures of brick and and my Lena's only four." stone. Confusion of tongues was the result. On the contrary, the Our welfare secretary is like a Church of All Nations, with its fairy godmother. She set out to cross pointing toward the sky, is solve the problem as though these proving that Love to God and man were her children. She solved is the one language reuniting us it speedily. The two little ones all. were admitted to our day nursery. Mary came for the noon meal Here, Syrian families find the and after-school care. A kind sympathetic understanding of our neighbor gave Joe his dinner in Syrian pastor. Italian men and return for running errands. He women confide their woes to a min- joined our Boy Scouts, came to our ister from their own sunny shore. gymnasium, and learned to make Greek meets compatriot and min- useful articles in our industrial gles with twenty-six other nation- classes. Best of all, the children alities. A colored evangelist visits were kept off the street and given the shut-ins of his parish. wholesome surroundings and care.

We can never hope to make this When Mr. Sanda returned from work self-supporting for the people the hospital, he found his home are poor, except in enthusiasm. waiting for him and his family in- God loves us all, regardless of race tact. Our Children's Settlement and color. The Church of All Na- means just as much to many, many tions is everybody's church. others.

What would you do if the old It didn't take a prophet or a sodwelling houses of the neighbor- cial engineer or a financial captain hood became over-crowded tene- or a sociological expert or a civic ments, unsanitary and a moral reformer to do all this. Just love menace to this "city wilderness" for needy folks, stick-to-it-iveness because the children had no place and a bit of common sense for seeto play but the narrow, dirty ing and doing the next necessary streets? You would again agitate thing and using everybody who until the streets were widened and could help you, especially if they playgrounds built and recreational had more "gumption" than you.

EXPANDING METHODS OF A CITY CHURCH

That was all; and there has her a decent man. A week after arisen: we landed, she met my Buddy …. and married him. Took to drink- 1. A Children's Settlement that ing myself after that. Broke my ministers to more than three thou- dad's heart … drifting ever since." sand different children of 31 different nationalities every year. Our secretary talked with John a long time and helped him find a 2. A Seavey Settlement for lost position at his old trade. Before men where more than 1,200 such the year was over he visited his destitute brothers every year have father. Today, John Bowles is been led back to God by a Rescue married to a girl who would never Mission which has as a part of its THE MORGAN MEMORIAL CHILDREN'S SETTLEMENT, GOODWILL INDUSTRIES, CHURCH OF ALL NATIONS, AND MISSION ~'OR LOST MEN reclamation work, dormitories, have deserted him for a dissipated cafeterias, reading rooms, recrea- Buddy. He has two fine children. tion rooms and friendly associa- You could not hire him to take a tions, such as the Y. M. C. A. pro- drink. vides for more fortunate young men. Last winter we furnished 6,324 beds to homeless men. Every John Bowles came to us one night our mission is giving food night just before time to close the and shelter to somebody's father, mission door. He swallowed his somebody's brother … somebody's hot coffee and rolls as if half fam- son. ished. Two days later he told this story: 3. The Eliza A. Henry Settle- ment is an elderly working wom- "Overseas, my Buddy drank and en's home and students' residence sank pretty low at times. Kept which gives an opportunity for the straight myself. Hard job, but women of slender means to find a you see, I left a sweetheart at comfortable residence. It also prohome. Wanted to come back to vides young married students with

cozy suites where they may live Morgan Memorial Goodwill Inwhile they are completing their dustries and have labored there education. All these may find part- and earned in self-respecting time work in the Morgan Memorial wages more than $200,000.00. Children's Settlement or Goodwill These poor people represent all Industries while they continue nationalities and conditions. their studies. 6. The Church of All Nations Miss Stone sighed as she fas- provides a place of worship in tened her cloak to leave the office. which there are special services for "You always look so happy, Mrs. those who do not understand the Grey. Here am I alone in the English language. The congregaworld. Each night I enter a dark, tions meet at different hours on the cold room in a dingy tenement Sabbath and on the different evehouse, kindle a wood fire, eat my nings of the week to worship in supper and go to bed. I can't af- their own tongues. These congreford anything better. You live gations are not self-supporting but with your daughter, I suppose." are assisted by the Home Mission- ary Board. There is also a congre- "No," Mrs. Grey replied, "she is gation of English-speaking folks out West; but I have so many who are self-suppprting. The friends around me." Then she ex- church membership will never beplained about our Yarmouth St. come large because as fast as their Settlement for working women. material conditions improve the "It would be just the place for people migrate to the more favoryou," she added. able suburban districts where they can bring up their children in a Today, Miss Stone occupies a better way than they can in the pleasant, comfortable room in our congested tenements of the South Eliza Henry Home. She has a End of Boston. While the comwhite-enameled sink, a gas-plate munity around Morgan Memorial with an oven, electric lights and, has improved very greatly in rebest of all, she is surrounded by cent years, the best part of the friends. work is found among those to whom it has ministered who are 4. A Fresh Air Farm and In- now living in those sections of the dustrial Plantation, where several city far separated from this conhundred of the neediest children gested neighborhood. and adults can go out into God's country and be restored to health Morgan Memorial seeks to comand listen to the best things during bine common sense, continuous efthe long summer vacations. fort, the spirit of Christ, and the cooperation of consecrated leaders. Character and Self-Help In several cities work of this char- acter has been established and is 5. Goodwill Industries where producing similar and even greater old and handicapped and deserving beneficient results. Every Chrismen and women out of work cali tian Church in our own times come and make over into service- would do well to follow the teachable articles the things provided ing and practice of Jesus in minby well-to-do people who send in istering to all the needs of all their cast-off materials. During classes. the past year more than 5,000 different destitute people have applied for a chance to work in the

TO CHILDREN IN T H E D. V. B. S. AT 'l'RINl'l'Y CElN'J'ER

A CHURCH THAT MET NEW CONDITIONS The Story of Trinity Center, San Francisco, California BY REV. HOMER K. PITMAN, D.D.

/ N OLD aristocratic church ilies of wealth and social prestige f i sometimes faces radically lived here. The earthquake and changed social conditions fire of 1906 wrought a general and finds it necessary to make a transformation, when the fire rather complete adjustment of its swept over half of its area, and the program or to pass out of exist- remainder was crowded with refence. Trinity Church stands in the ugees, including many from the heart of what is known as the Mis- poorer sections of the city. In the sion District of San Francisco. It rebuilding, industries secured a was founded in 1868 during Cali- firm foothold here and the well-tofornia's period of most rapid de- do families moved out. The old velopment following the Civil War, houses were transformed into when San Francisco was a city of cheap flats, into which wage earnabout 150,000. The section has ers moved, so that the district has developed out of the original settle- become the home of the larger part ment around the old mission of the of the city's industrial classes. Franciscan Fathers. Protected by As a result of this change high hills from the cold winds and practically all of the Protestant fogs of the ocean, it was and is churches suffered severe reverses. San Francisco's choice section c1i- Some of them closed their doors matically. For many years it re- and old Trinity made brave efforts mained one of the most desirable to continue its work, but with little residential areas and many fam- success. The Presbyterian Board 505

of Home Missions (now the Board ized play, for the district is sadly of National Missions) was ap- lacking in playgrounds. Many of pealed to and in 1917 a thorough the children need direction because survey of the community was made their mothers are compelled to be under the direction of Dr. Wm. P. away from home at work. The Shriver. It was found that the older members of the church tried population of about 100,000, was hard to be sympathetic with the composed half of Roman Catholics new program, but it was not easy. and the remainder so-called Prot- Someone said, "Old Trinity Church estants merely because they were seems to have become a regular not Catholics. A serious lack of riff-raff church." The pastor religious influences was in the seized upon the expression and background of many. Few Bibles gloried in it. He reminded his were found in the homes of the people that Jesus had been critipeople and the need was great. cized for eating with publicans and The Board and the church agreed sinners and that it was recorded to work together in trying to ad- of him that "the common people just the program of the institution heard him gladly." to the needs of its community. It was mutually agreed that radical Popular evening programs were experiments might be tried. planned and all kinds of groups were invited. There were various Rev. Homer K. Pitman was State Nights in which former resicalled as pastor and the new work dents from Missouri, Iowa, Pennof Trinity Center began in the fall sylvania, and other states were of 1919. The name "Trinity brought together in little social Center" was adopted partly to affairs following the Sunday night avoid any special denominational services. One night was given emphasis and partly that there over to the employees of a near-by might be large room for the de- glass works, another one to railvelopment of a center of commu- road men, another to the postmen nity service. Emphasis from the of the district, and various kinds beginning was placed on service. of friendly contacts were made. The church boldly proclaimed that Motion pictures have been used it would seek to meet the needs of now for several years, not merely its community without regard to as a means of attracting people race or creed or social distinctions. into the church, but as a vehicle Its chief end was, declared to be for moral and religious truths. to serve the life of its community, The various life problems preto help make homes happier, to be sented in the pictures are used as interested even in the play of little a basis for study. Hymns and children, and to furnish comfort scripture lessons are thrown upon and companionship to age. the screen and the people are given an opportunity to sing the old Gos- The first approach was to the pel songs. The average attendance children. The old carpet in the for Sunday night through the year Sunday-school room was taken up, is about 600. wire screens were placed over the windows, and a gymnasium was On Wednesday night a someestablished. Clubs were organ- what similar program is carried ized, children were brought in out except that the picture has no off the streets and taught organ- connection with the religious serv-

A CHURCH THAT MET NEW CONDITIONS

ice, and is shown for entertain- and daughters sit down to breakment purposes only. The average fast together on that Sunday mornattendance at the devotional serv- ing. Fathers and sons do the same ice is 250. At the same time from in November. 150 to 200 children meet in another part of the building for stories and The Sunday morning church religious education. service, that in the past had been the one outstanding service of the The building is open every day week, gradually came to be one of in the week. Various clubs have the real problems. Something over been organized. Clinics are held. two years ago a serious effort was A CROWDED SERVICE IN TRINITY CHURCH UNDER NEW CONDITIONS The average total attendance per made to greatly enrich this service month is about 11,000. The Vaca- of worship by the use of procestion Bible School, conducted for sionals and vestments, a ritual, a four weeks each summer, has large chorus choir and an equally grown to a most unusual size. Last large children's choir. Great emsummer the average daily attend- phasis is placed upon the very word ance was over 800. Much is made "worship." While not so largely of special days during the year. attended as the popular evening One of the leading newspapers of service, this morning service has the city sponsors the Mothers' Day come to be recognized as a thing Program, furnishing carnations of beauty and a source of great infor all those who attend. Mothers spiration and help. Constant effort

is made to get attendants at the their denominational loyalties. The evening service to come and join experiment has been so successful in the morning program. that a further federation is being effected by the coming in of an- Though large emphasis is placed other congregational church, the upon social service work and a rec- Mission Park Church, a much reational program for childhood larger organization. Their pastor, and youth, evangelistic zeal is not Rev. Norman W. Pendleton is comforgotten. Over a five-year period ing with them. The executive Trinity Center has ranked third committee of the Bay Association among the 58 churches of the Pres- after having studied the situation bytery in the number received on carefully has given most cordial confession of faith. approval. When the property of the Mission Park Church is .sold, The institution that has been so the money will be made the nucleus much of an experiment station in methods has also become in the of a fund to be used in the erection last few years a'training school for of a Parish House adjoining or workers. Aided by scholarships near by the present building. Un~ furnished by some of the Presby- doubtedly the greatest obstacle to teries of ·the state, a number of further development is the lack of theological students from the The- adequate equipment. A neighborological Seminary at San Anselmo hood house will make possible come over for the week-end, do many new forms of friendly servsurvey work and pastoral visiting ice. under the direction of the pastor of the Center. Each Monday a The present staff of the Center seminar is held under the direction consists of the pastor, an assistant of Dr. Lynn T. White, professor of pastor, a director of work for girls, Sociology at the Seminary, whose general theme is, "The problems an office secretary, and a part-time of the city and the place of the director of religious education and church in helping to solve them." of music. In addition to the choirs Police officers and judges, social there is an orchestra and sen~or workers and others are invited in and junior bands. to discuss with the students the various problems with which they The two churches have more are dealing. than doubled in membership in the past few years, but much of the Within a year of the beginning population of the district is tranof Trinity Center as an institution comprising the work of Trinity sient. Presbyterian Church and of the Other denominations may unite Presbyterian Board of National Missions, a congregational group with the Presbyterians and Conwas added. Bethany Congrega- gregationalists in a united aptional Church, a neighbor unable proach to the community. Other longer to maintain its services in cities have similar situations and its own building, joined with the it is to be hoped that Trinity Presbyterians, still preserving the Center will offer helpful suggesautonomy of their church and tions as to means of bridging the chasm that too often exists be- tween the church and the workers of industry.

THE GOSPEL BY

BY REV. H. F. LAFLAMME, New York Greater New York J.'cderatian oj Ohurches I N THE winter of 1928, over 160 Federation began six years ago Protestant Churches in the five with a service each Sunday after- boroughs of New York City noon. In response to the demand united in a Campaign of Visitation from multitudes of people, and Evangelism. For one week each through the cooperation of the Na- borough actively engaged in con- tional Broadcasting' Company, they ducting this house to house cam- have added service after service paign under the direction of men until now they send out over the schooled in this new method. The air each week ten religious pro- time occupied was four weeks in grams over an aggregate of forty- Lent. Most of the 2,700 visitors two stations to all the cities of the were lay members of the church. United States. From these cities They went two by two into homes the services are broadcasted to with an invitation from each millions of other listeners. Thus church to its list of prospects. As the Federation and the Federal one result, 10,017 made decisions Council are the most extensive for Christ and at Easter 8,552 broadcasters of programs secular joined the churches of their choice. or religious in America today, if Discerning religious leaders not in the world.

have called this the most signifi- What an influence is exerted cant religious movement of the when, in ten months, 582 services present time. There were no pub- are broadcasted from 42 stations lic meetings and very little press with the help of 346 Christian publicity. There was no great re- ministers and 750 church singers!

ligious excitement and no fervent Far out in the Pacific Ocean to emotional appeals and yet this the west, in the South African amazing result followed. Without veldt to the east, to Arctic explor- some influence to kindle the fires ers in the long and lonely night of of religious emotion and mass ex- winter and to Commander Dick citement, what can be depended Byrd's expedition 12,000 miles upon to prepare the hearts and away in Little America this service minds of the non-church goers and reaches out. No one can possibly the religiously indifferent so that estimate the multitudes reached by they will be ready to make a deci- these services nor measure their sion of such a momentous char- intensity. Anyone speaker at any acter? one of these services will reach We are convinced that religious more people than in all the rest of radio broadcasting has been very his ordinary ministry.

largely influential in this direction. This world-wide proclamation of The Federal Council of Churches the Christian message is having a and the Greater New York Federa- pronounced influence on the listen- tion of Churches alone have been ers. Many who never go to broadcasting religious services church, who never read a religious every week for three years. The book or paper, who never open a 509

Bible and who never raise their made a great change in my life.

voices in a hymn of praise to God, As I sit in the quiet of my house are eagerly and regularly follow- listening to that beautiful service ing these services. The radio serv- over the air it seems like the very ice is thus taking the place of the voice of God speaking to me per- Evangelists' Tabernacle and pro- sonally. It occurred to me that if tracted meetings in preparing the I could hear God's voice, He could hearts and minds of the non-church hear mine. So I cut out swearing.

goers for the appeal of the church I no longer blaspheme." He had visitors in these Campaigns of Vis- been converted; for conversion is itation Evangelism. the recognition of God in our lives The visitors reported that they so that we order our lives to please were received in the homes with Him rather than ourselves.

great cordiality and, on an aver- The radio broadcasting reaches age, every third person signed all parts of the city and all condithe decision card and responded to tions of men. While presiding at a the invitation to become a follower service one Sunday afternoon, I of Christ. This favorable response was called to the telephone and a can best be accounted for by the voice said: "Two hundred people influence of the religious services over the air. are gathered in the street on the Lower East Side of the city listen- At times the message strikes ing to your beautiful service from home without any other intermedi- the loud speaker in my window. ary. During the Campaign two They are unable to get into the visitors called on a medical man funeral service of a little lad who who positively refused to talk re- lost his life in saving a younger ligion with them. As the visitors playmate from the wheels of a would not talk about anything else passing truck. Will you offer up a prayer for the lad? Everyone and were reluctant to leave, the loved him. He was a prime favordoctor turned on the radio to re- ite. We shall miss him greatly."

lieve embarrassment. There came Instantly over the air to the floating in out of the ether from waiting crowd in the street there one of the Sunday afternoon serv- went up a prayer thanking God for ices the old hymn, "In the Cross of a boy with such a Christ-like spirit Christ I Glory, Towering o'er the Wrecks of Time," sung by the and praying that the same spirit quartet. As they listened a of self-forgetful surrender of life strange expression passed over the for the sake of others might be face of the doctor, and, at the con- given to everyone in the great clusion of the hymn, he reached city. for a decision card saying, "That hymn was sung at the deathbed These radio religious services of my mother. I promised her that are also reconciling racial and re- ligious differences and are bringing I would lead a Christian life." A railroad official on whom I a better understanding. A Protcalled recently, although I had not estant speaker was called by a met him previously said that he high official of the city govern- had heard me over the radio Sun- ment, a Roman Catholic, who day after Sunday. He remarked, thanked him for his gospel address "Radio religious services have and said, "You have done me good.

BROADCASTING THE GOSPEL BY RADIO

I hope to hear you again and ice is a powerful influence in reoften." establishing the family altar which is neglected in so many A Jewish bank president, when homes. Family worship is the he learned that I was connected greatest school of religion in the with the Federation which conducted the broadcasting services, world. There is nothing to comsaid, "Some of your men certainly pare with it in the religious life talk the worst nonsense I ever of the people. No other service in listened to," (to the Jew the Gospel the program of the week does more is foolishness) "but," he added, "I for the spiritual uplift and enerlike your spirit. You are not al- gizing of so large a number of ways knocking the Jew and the people. Catholic. Your services are reverent, devout, worshipful and spir- The radio service preaching and itually uplifting. I am helped by the singing are setting a high them. You are doing a vast amount of good." standard of excellence and are stimUlating to better achievement The daily morning prayer serv- a very large number of ministers and churches.

THE CHURCH AND THE MODERN CITY The church as it exists today in nations, at the same time providthe American city is chiefly the re- ing relatively easy conditions for sult of a natural evolution of or- the expression of religion in the ganized religion, modified, along traditional forms. It has put its with other institutions, by the distinctive mar k sup 0 n the urbanizing process. The result of church's successes as well as upon this process has continuously been its failures. Men have labored in affected by purposeful human rural highways and hedges witheffort, by the labors of saints and out achieving any such outcome. the schemes of ecclesiastics, but to It is the city which has made the no such extent that they can claim great churches in its own image. credit for it. The stress of changing fortunes rather than science or Cooperative effort ought to be skill has played the role of master architect. able to tip the balance still more decidedly toward the church's suc- The city has treated the church cess. No longer at cross-purposes roughly enough. In the course of with one another or with urban detime it has eliminated a large frac- velopment, but resolved to think tion of religious institutions as un- and plan together and to use for fit, and has tossed the survivors their common advantage the reabout like corks upon the waves of sources of the city, the churches change. Yet the city has also been might bend their institutions to in part upon the church's side. It the better doing of what urban life has brought together believing requires. The tendency is right men in multitudes and money in and the way is open for urban millions. It has flung down chal- communities to be served more lenges and provoked advance. It aptly and adequately by their rehas stimulated men to make novel ligious institutions.-From "The religious experiments and combi- City's Church," by H. Paul Doug- lass.

SOME RELIGIOUS FORCES IN A GREAT CITY LISTED BY REV. H. F. LAFLAMME I. Public Worship and the Christian Message. (1) Radio Broadcasting for the City, Mr. Frank C. Goodman, 71 West 23d Street. For a Special Church, Dr. A. E. Keigwin, West End Presbyterian Church. (2) Wayside Pulpit-Lenten Theater Meetings-Easter Dawn Services and Pulpit Supplies, Rev. Wil- ber T. Clemens, 71 West 23d Street.

II. Religious Education. (1) Teacher Training-Daily Vacation Bible Schools, Rev. Walter M. Howlett, 71 West 23d Street. (2) Week Day Schools of Religious Education, Mr. W. Dyer Blair, 71 West 23d Street.

III. City Missions. . (1) Denominational, Rev. Charles H. Sears, D.D., 276 Fifth Avenue (Baptist); Rev. Millard L. Rob- inson, D.D., 150 Fifth Avenue (M. E.); Rev. Theodore F. Savage, 156 Fifth Avenue (Pres.). (2) Comity Committee, Rev. George L. Hobart, 71 West 23d Street.

IV. Social Welfare. (1) Hospitals, jails, poor houses, sailors and public in- stitutions, Rev. L. E. Sunderland, 38 Bleeker St., Rev. Frederick M. Gordon, 285 Schermer- horn St., Brooklyn, N. Y. (2) Constructive Programs of Social Welfare, Rev. Charles K. Gilbert, D.D., 71 West 23d Street.

V. Evangelism. (1) City-wide Visitation Evangelism, Rev. H. F. La- flamme, 71 West 23d Street. (2) Street Preaching, Mr. William G. Pigueron, 12 West 85th Street; Rev. C. A. Moorman, 285 Schermerhorn Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. (3) Hotel and Transients, Dr. Daniel A. Poling, 1 West 29th Street. (4) Street Preaching and Shop Work, Dr. Samuel W. GrafHin, West Side Y. M. C. A. 318 W. 57th St.

VI. Allied Organizations. (1) Young Men's Christian Association. (2) Young Women's Christian Association.

VII. Theaters. Church and Drama League, Rev. George Reid Andrews, 105 East 22d Street.

CITY'S FLOATING

How the Invitation Committee Works at the Fourth Presbyterian Church, Chicago BY REV. H. A. DALZELL, Chicago, Illinois .Assistant Pastor, Ji'O'Urlh Presbyterian Ohurch, Ohicago T HE problem that faces the and for nineteen years has been minister in a city church to- employed with great effectiveness. day is that of meeting every In this church the work is done opportunity in his parish to the ut- through an Invitation Committee. most. That includes seeing that Groups of carefully selected young every man, woman and child who men and young women meet once is not now identified with some re- a week, receive cards on which are ligious organization, is not only the names of young people living given the opportunity but is def- in the neighborhood, together with initely urged to accept Jesus all the information the office has Christ, confess faith in Him and regarding the individual. They to unite with some church in order make their calls, return the next the better to worship and serve week, give a verbal report and Him. hand in a written report on. the Various means have been tried card. The members of these In- to solve this problem as it deals vitation Committees are asked to with the students, hotel residents do three things: and transients in the city. Prob- First, to give a specified amount ably the most effective method yet of time each week, (a minimum of discovered is a carefully selected three hours is suggested), this time and well-guided group of personal to be directed by the chairman of workers. the committee through the assign- The Fourth Presbyterian Church ing of cards.

in Chicago has tried to reach Second, to give at least an hour young men and young women liv- a week to the committee meeting ing in rooming houses and apart- for the purpose of talking over the ment hotels through systematic calls, receiving new assignments advertising campaigns, using mail- and for the sake of inspiration.

ing lists, distribution of cards, Third, as they talk with the vari- circulars on street corners, adver- ous people assigned to them they tising in the newspapers, circulat- are to invite them to come to the ing bureaus, window card advertis- church services, to the Bible class- ing and other methods. All have es, to the various week-day meet- had their effect, but the results ings of the men and of the women, have been spasmodic. It was not but primarily they are to talk with until the method of sending a man each prospect about his or her per- or a woman out to talk directly to sonal relationship to Jesus Christ.

another man or woman about rela- The plan works. During the tionship to Christ and to His nineteen years it has been in opera- Church was followed that anything tion, according to the statement of like a practical solution was found the pastor, Dr. John Timothy 2 513

Stone, over half of those who have persuaded that He is able to keep united with the Church on Confes- that which I have committed unto sion of their faith have come as a Him against that day." This be- direct result of the interviews of lief backed up with common sense the members of the Invitation and tact and love will win men to Committees. a confession of Christ where a The question is often asked, cold, finely chiseled argument will "How do you train young men and fail.

women to do this work?" The only For this Invitation Committee training they receive is the actual work to succeed over any period of doing of the task. It is as impos- time, the detail must be carefully sible to become an effective soul attended to. A prospect list must winner by reading a textbook on be selected and from this list as- personal work as it is to become a signments made to the individuals champion swimmer by reading who are doing the calling, and a books on swimming. The only text- careful record kept of each call book used by these committees is and of the results attained. Care the Bible. There is a small vest- must be taken in making assign- pocket handbook known as "The ments to see that certain points of Invitation' Committee" which is common interest are recognized; filled with Bible verses selected for such as, sending a young man to various types of people. These a man of his own age, professional passages are grouped under head- men when possible to call upon ings, "The Man Who Says He Can- professional men, men with cer- not Believe," "The Doubter," "The tain hobbies following through One Who Fears He Cannot Stick with men of similar tastes.

To It," etc. It often happens that four or five It is not necessary that the In- men will have to call upon a pros- vitation Committee be able to an- pect before much progress is made.

swer all questions or arguments. The men's committee at the Fourth The personal worker who delights Church had one man on their list in philosophical and ecclesiastical for seven years before he united argument is seldom an effective with the church. A half dozen dif- soul winner, but the man who can ferent men had been to see him at say when asked to give a definition different times during the seven of what he thinks hell will be like, years. Often men are dropped "I do not know and what's more I from the prospect file who are am not worrying about it; I am called on only two or three times.

trying to find and do God's will for A man is never dropped with one my own life; I know that's Heav- call until another Invitation Com- en," will always command the re- mitteeman has had an opportunity spect of the man upon whom he is to interview him. After two men calling and will give him some- have recommended that he be thing to think about. It is not dropped and the information re- necessary to be able to answer all turned on the card seems to war- questions, but to be able when you rant it, his name is taken from the sit down and talk with a man about file. Other things being equal it is his spiritual life to say, "This best to allow one man to follow much I do know, I know Him through with his prospect until he Whom I have believed, and I am is ready to bring him before the

19291 THE CITY'S FLOATING POPULATION

Session or has proven conclusively never open for inspection. The inthat there is no use in his following formation given on that card is through any longer. entirely confidential. The white card contains the information There are two report cards used which is taken from the pink card by the Invitation Committee of the and then given to the Invitation Fourth Church. The pink card is Committeeman for his assignment. never taken from the office and is No.1 DUPLICATE CARD FOR CALLING (To be turned in promptly with full rep OTt to Thut'sda,y Invitation Committee) Name…………………………………………… Phone …………. . Apt……………. . III Address. . . . Occupation ……… . Place of Business Age …………… . I""'I"I of Club'? … U ? Former IIomt~……….. III.0 ~ Is he a :Memher of Church?, " .,0 ~ 'Yhert:'? .

,". '"" "l 1<1" PERSONAL NOTES:.

>0 ~ "~ ~ ~ e; u 00 Z 1'1 ~ Committeemen "'" Dute of Report……………….. ……. ….. Dute of Call ……………… .

CHURCH MEMEERSHIP Questions to Eo Answered (Ilook up the Scripture) What Wlll the Session Ask! 1. Do you realtze your need of a Raviour? Rom. 3: 23. We are often asked by those who 2. 'Vho is the only Saviour of sin- are thinking of uniting with the ners? Acta 4:1'2",' 1 Tim. 1:15. church as to the questions they will 3. What must we do to be saved? be expected to answer when they Acts 16:31; Jahn 5:2.1. corne before the Session. 4. Do you now desire to accept Christ and turn from sin unto This is a natural and right in- Him? John 1: 12. quiry. and in order to help you an- 5. What does Christ expect those swer it the questions on the other who believe in Him to do 1 side of this card have been outlined. Matt. 10: 32; Luke U: 19. 6. Do you desire to acknowledge Will you not read them carefnlly. publicly your faith in Christ and then thoughtfully and prayer· and to be enrolled as a mem- fully answer them: ber of His Church '/ 7. Do you promise to JIve It Chris- ITa ving signed the card. hand or tian life us far as you know mail it to the pastor or request the how and to be a faithful mem- person gi ving it to you to do so. ber of the Church? Feeling that I am able to answer FOURTH the above questions in a satisfactory manner. and desiring' to do the will PRESBY'l'ERIAN CHURCH of Christ, I hereby ask to be received into full membership of the Fourth CHICAGO Preshyterian Church.

(Over) NAME ADDRESS Date ……. "(O":~~)''''''''''''''

After having made a confession in the first chapter, one in the of faith, many men hesitate about uniting with the church largely be- 6th and one in the 12th, and in all three instances we find Andrew cause they fear that the minister personally bringing men to Jesus. or members of the Session will ask He is the first member of the first embarrassing questions. To avoid Invitation Committee. He finds this the Invitation Committeeman his man, introduces him persontakes the man to the pastor and ally to the Master. That is the talks with him and after his con- work of the Invitation Committee versation arranges for a time today, and when a man knows Jewhen the new member may be sus Christ he will be ready to take brought before the Session. The his part in the Church and in the application card is given to the can- Church's work. There can be no didate for church membership to more effective way of reaching read carefully, sign and bring with young men in our hotels and boardhim when he presents himself for ing houses than this plan of a admission to the church. carefully selected, earnest, Chris- tian man "covering" another, and There are three references to bringing him to the Master. Andrew it). the fourth gospel, one OALVARY AND PENTECOST* C ALVARY and Pentecost are inseparable in the plan of God; these twin powers are indispensable for the achievement of the object of grace. Without Christ as Saviour, the Christian life has not begun. Without the Holy Spirit infilling the believer the Christian life must fail; and "a powerless Christian is a mis- nomer." The presence of the Holy Spirit in the life of the re- deemed man, as the practical Worker-out of the principles of God, is conditioned by a yieldedness of will. The power, which He alone can impart for character and service, is confirmed in its constancy and effectiveness through obedience to every divine dictate.

Through that presence and power alone can the spirit of holiness become manifest, and success in work be assured. "The weakest living creature," wrote Carlyle, "by concentrating his power on a single object, can accomplish something."

Centre the power of mind, the gifts of intellect, the desires of the heart, and the opportunities of each hour on Christ, His work and purposes, and there will be no failure. Life glows with splendid possibilities, when the Holy Spir..it is in full command of it.

Jesus Christ is winsome and wonderful! He is everything.

He has everything. He offers us everything.

. GORDON B. WATT • • From The Ohristian, London.

A RELIGIOUS SURVEY HELP?

BY REV. ARTHUR H. ARMSTRONG, D.D., St. Louis, Missouri Executive Secretary of the .Metropolitan Ohurch Federation T HE late Joseph Pulitzer, one morals. The eleven criteria used of the greatest newspaper were Foreign Born Population, men America has produced, Negro Population, Illiteracy, Juve- had two slogans. First "Get the nile Delinquency, Industrializa- facts," and second "Tell them in tion, Gain or Loss of Population, the fewest words." There is no Congestion, Home Ownership, In- type of community in which the fant Mortality, Poverty, Tubercu- churches so much need to know losis Mortality.

and tell the facts as in a major By means of sketch maps and a city, with its bulk, complexity and color scheme the comparative specialization. Therefore the sur- standing of these survey districts vey. Business and public service was graphically presented, l-eveal- institutions . conduct continuous ing the status at a glance. These surveys. They are able to prophesy maps showed the fortunes of human needs by unit areas years neighborhoods whose inhabitants in advance. Why not the church had been affected favorably or un- also? St. Louis has had two reli- favorably by circumstance and en- gious surveys within the last vironment. They put the neigh- twelve years.* The churches of borhood problem squarely before this city have, therefore, had an church leaders. This method was experience with social and reli- so effective that it has since been gious surveys. adopted, with some alteration, in Inter-church cooperation with the districting by the Community its growing city-wide conscious- Council and Community Fund as ness led to the demand for our sur- permitting continuous visualizaveys and provided the medium tion of the inner life of the people, through which they were made. area by area. Through them the St. Louis churches have had painted for Among the outstanding probthem a picture of the city with its lems shown in this picture are religious and social needs. Geo- these. The so-called downtown graphical areas having natural section of st_ Louis, east of Grand boundaries enclosing populations Avenue, representing one-third of of some homogeneity were de- the area of the city contains half limited. These were statistically the population. The survey disexplored to disclose the conditions tricts in this section all rank low that affect health, welfare, and by the criteria tests, although the low ranking is due, in part, to the Ge:~~e ,rstfa~u:J~~' J~.J.?l Ihe:a~ir~ct~~ ~~ fact that some of the more priv- ;~~o~:sb~~~n SI;,h°t"Mf a~dCi~~,!f~t~~m!r; 1;ri'4~ iIeged classes in the outlying re- wns shnred by the Metropolitan Church Fed- gions resort hither for the prac- tices that register to produce the :~aJi~~e It~:tlt~~:e~~hs~~~aI ~~gdl~el~~~~~leR!: ~l:fi: :~d Nt1~ rg~:· DU~~~h:gr~~ide~aiheco:n~ low ranking. Here circumstances i~t~'h':, 1~sP~rg~ni~:t~~n~OUglass. field worker conspire to raise the hazards and handicaps of living. The child 517

who grows up physically strong themselves have placed workers in here must have a more vigorous the Juvenile and Adult Courts.

constitution than would be re- Under various denominational and quired elsewhere. The family that interdenominational auspices they resists the forces that undermine have strengthened existing organ- the foundations of the home must ized work in the hospitals, homes, be of a more rugged moral type. and welfare institutions of the A large proportion of the residents city, and have established new here live below the line of priv- work, so that a very large institu- ilege. But the fight is not a losing tional program is being carried out one. The populations are not "de- with increasing effectiveness.

caying." This area is a human The Entente Cordiale between quarry from which the building churches and social service insti- stones of society are hewn. And tutions has been strengthened.

it is the privilege and opportunity The church forces have been edu- of the church to treat it as such. cated as to the higher technique The needs and problems of the required. The social service agen- negro population have disclosed cies have on their part recognized themselves. During and since the the effectiveness of the religious war the negroes have grown from appeal and religious motivation in 70,000 to 100,000, corresponding social work. The humanitarian now to the national average of 10ro endeavors of the whole city have of the population. Life bears more been carried to a higher pitch.

hardly upon them and its obstacles Another picture drawn in clear are heaped higher before their lines was that of the church life feet. They have a worthy leader- and work. The Church Federation ship and are striving to acquit began the regular pUblication of a themselves well. A commission on manual of the churches of Greater Race Relationships representing St. Louis, including the city and the two races has been set up, af- three adjoining counties on both fording continued normal contacts sides of the Mississippi in the between leaders. In one case a States of Missouri and Illinois.

threatening neighborhood disturb- This manual lists 756 Protestant ance which was fast reaching the Evangelical churches with a com- acute stage was amicably settled. municant membership of 185,000; Many serious situations have, we property valuation, on a pre-war are sure, been avoided. But best basis of $20,000,000; home ex- of all a better understanding has pense budgets of $3,500,000; and been established and the way pre- benevolence budgets of $1,500,000.

pared for still more effective fu- It also lists 150 hospitals, homes, ture cooperation. schools, colleges, seminaries, and The City's Social Needs other institutions supported by the churches.

The disclosing of social needs to Facts of importance, both favor- so wide an extent and of so serious able and unfavorable, were dis- a nature has done its part toward closed. The churches are gaining preparing the way for the setting faster than the population but with up of the Community Fund in retarded acceleration as against which more than fifty social agen- earlier decades. The Sunday- cies cooperate. The churches school enrollment is now but two-

DOES A RELIGIOUS SURVEY HELP?

thirds of the church membership once located in the inner city have moved in a broad converging path in spite of the addition of the adult to the westward.

departments. The striking loss of The Councils of Comity have membership by Sunday-schools in been strengthened by the disclothe later teen age years was freshly sure of the lack of mutual planning stressed. During a period of in the past in church locations. twenty-one years the annual loss The denominations associated in in church membership has been the Federation's Comity Commisfour-fifths of the total annual in- sion are now plotting the natural crease, leaving a net gain of but areas in the county and seeking one in five as compared with the conference with the Public Service gross gain-a very high spiritual companies so as to take advantage mortality. Two-fifths of these los- of their advance information, lookses have been by death and re- ing toward strategic and coordimoval, but two-fifths of them must nated future church locations. be classed as "avoidable," pointing Among the interesting statisto the need of better shepherding tical ratios disclosed was that beof the "straying sheep." tween members, attendants, and preferents. One hundred Protes- The "parish" of the local Prot- tant families average thus: estant church is personal and not geographical. It consists of the Church Members •••••• 57 persons included in its own mem- Attendants ………… 23 bership and in that of its Sunday- Preferents .•.•…•…. 20 school and other departments. Catholic parishes are, on the other This is known locally as the 57-23han d, geographical, although 20 ratio. Catholics do have some intermingling of church parishes of foreign The results of our surveys may language groups. be summarized thus: City populations are more or The churches see themselves less on the move caused by indus- more clearly as a whole, and in trialization, change of economic their unitary relationship they see status, the fluctuation of the family more clearly that the whole city is income, etc. The general trend is the parish of the whole group. The outward from the original center. gain has been practical rather than As each successive group rises in ideal. Growth has been made, not the economic scale it "hits. the so much in response to the concep- tion of an ideal held, as to the feeltrail" of suburban migration, only ing of fellowship achieved by perto be succeeded by a deposit of in- sons working together. coming rural or foreign migrants. Some of the inner areas of St. The churches are more aware of Louis have been occupied succes- their strength, and they realize sively by French, American, Ger- that their potential power is far mans, Irish, Slavs, Italians and beyond the numerical. They have Negroes. The Catholic Church ways, in part through the Church occupying a geographical parish Federation, of selecting and acremains and takes "pot luck" with crediting common leadership. The its neighbors. The Protestant feeling of "togetherness" has been Church follows its people on their strengthened. Loyalty to the com- mon cause increasingly asserts itsuburban trek. Fifty churches self.

A UNIQUE WORK AMONG

The Friendly League for Christian Service, Inc., New York BY A MEMBER OF THE COUNCIL "That they 'might know thee, the only the cheery faces and even the mestrue God and Jesus Christ who'm thou sage, had little effect on her, but has sent."-JOHN 17: 3. the face of the woman to whom she unburdened her heart, when 1 T NOON, one day, a woman the meeting was over, gave her ref i weary and broken hearted newed courage. Her new friend, told her to return home and rest, trudged along East Twenty- and that she herself would make ninth Street, New York City. At an effort to find work for her. home she had an invalid husband and five small children-the young- The afternoon hours yielded no est, a tiny baby. It had been her custom to rise at four in the morn- result, but that evening the friend ing, so that she might complete the wrote a letter of encouragement household duties and care for her children before she took the baby assuring her of continued efforts. to a day nursery and went to the office wher~ she earned the living The following day brought a posifor the family. tion and today, in a distant city, Now, because of circumstances over which she had no control, she this woman owns her own home, was without a position. For many hours she had visited business has a good position, and is able to houses in search of another, but without success. Realizing that provide comfortably for her famstarvation would be the inevitable ily. " fate of the loved ones at home, discouragement and despair possessed This is only one of many in- stances where the Friendly League for Christian Service, Inc., has helped business women to start life anew. The League is an outcome of the her. Afraid to face the future, she William A. Sunday evangelistic was on her way toward the river. campaign in 1917. during which a Suddenly her attention was at- company of one thousand and fif- tracted by women entering and ty women worked as the Business leaving the church where she ob- Women's Invitation Committee.

served a sign: "Business Women's Five" hundred of them had charge Friendly Meeting-Luncheon $.25 of the three business women's -Good Music-A Helpful Message luncheons and the other five hun- -Good Fellowship-Come! Tell dred and fifty were detailed to vis- the Other Girl." She entered and it every type of business where at the door a woman, from whose women were employed. In each face radiated cheer and joy, greeted building or office, these women her with a friendly handshake and tried to find a business or profes- a word of welcome. sional woman w.ho could act as a After the luncheon, she entered key gid, making it her definite pur- the auditorium where she heard a pose to give the girls of her build- helpful message of Jesus Christ, ing the tickets to the tabernacle the Burden-Bearer. The singing, meetings and the luncheons where 520 they would hear evangelistic mes- from eleven-thirty until two sages. o'clock. They are held on Tuesdays at the Marble Collegiate Church, The women thus became per- Twenty-ninth Street and Fifth sonally acquainted with many Avenue; on Wednesdays at the thousands of business girls, famil- S p r i n g S t r e e t Presbyterian iarized themselves with their prob- Church, Spring and V a ric k lems and needs, and gained an Streets; and on Fridays at the Old entrance into their hearts. Those John Street Methodist Episcopal committee women thought that an Church, 44 John Street. Luncheons unusual opportunity had been are quickly served and consist of a opened for work among business hot dish, a meat sandwich, a letgirls and at the close of the cam- tuce sandwich, coffee, milk or tea, paign organized the Friendly TilE BUSINESS WOMEN'S LUNCHEON A 'l' JOHN STREET CHURCH, FINANCIAL DISTRICT League for Christian Service. and pie or cake. In the past year During the twelve years that have 275 women have voluntarily confollowed, the members, believing tributed their services to this that faith in Jesus Christ is the phase of the work. only way that business women can solve their problems, have steadily During the remainder of the rest proclaimed this message through hour, the girls attend a religious their contacts with business wom- service, with the privilege of comen at the I u n c h eon meetings, ing and going as necessity requires. through the Business Women's Four successive meetings are held Council, and at the Friendly including an inspiring song serv- Center. ice, a fifteen minute talk, a prayer, the memorizing of a verse of Scrip- Over two thousand women each ture, and a solo. week attend the three noon meetings held in the business districts The speakers are carefully chos- en by the Religious Work Commit-

tee and include eminent ministers, present the officers and standing evangelists, missionaries, and re- committees correspond with those ligious workers from all parts of of the Friendly League so that they America and other lands. Briefly may work together with mutual and convincingly they present the helpfulness. glorious Gospel of our blessed God. As a result hundreds of lives have This council meets every Thursbeen surrendered to Christ whom day evening at the Greenwich to know is Life Eternal, and many Presbyterian Church, West 13th who have lost heart in the struggle Street, where from two hundred to of life have rededicated themselves two hundred and fifty women gathto the service of the King. er at five-thirty for supper where many new friendships are formed. A leaflet is given to each girl as At six-thirty three small prayer she leaves the meeting; Testaments groups meet, while a larger group A NOONDAY MEETING FOR BUSINESS WOMEN IN JOHN RTREET CHURCH to those who will accept them. De- joins in singing and at six-forty- voted Christian workers are al- five all join in a fifteen minute de- ways present, and by cheerful votional service, led by a council greetings, words of comfort, and member. Special requests for Christian counsel lift many lives prayer are presented, touching all from despair to hope. phases of the lives of the girls and The key or council girls in each their friends. From seven to eight building or office who assisted the the girls assemble in four classes committee women during the Wil- for constructive Bible study under liam A. Sunday campaign formed the leadership of able teachers a permanent organization on Oc- from the Biblical Seminary, and tober 25, 1917. There were 106' the Philadelphia School of the Bi- charter members, and later they ble, members of the Board of Di- became known as the Business rectors of the Friendly League, Women's Council of the Friendly missionaries, and others.

:beague £W..Chr-i5tia&·Service. At Once each month a business

A UNIQUE WORK AMONG WOMEN

meeting is held, followed by a so- nue as a "Friendly Center" but ciaJ meeting or a missionary edu- when the lease expired it seemed cational feature. The missionary to be a clear call for a larger and training has been so intensive that better place, which has now been the girls contribute more than found in the building hitherto used $2,000 a year to various causes. by the Smith College Club at 233 Every Sunday afternoon, three East 17th Street-a building ad- groups of council girls, together mirably adapted for the work. It with the director of music and the will accommodate 80 girls and personal workers, sing and distrib- seats 190 in the dining room; it ute portions of Scripture in the will offer more spacious quarters wards of New York, Fordham, and for classes, chorus, and other group Samaritan hospitals. Appreciation meetings, and has an auditorium of this work is warmly expressed seating about 300. The League is by patients, physicians and nurses now earnestly praying and work- and the good accomplished reaches ing to secure funds for the pur- into eternity. chase of this building.

The increasing interest in this The Friendly League members type of work is shown by the fact have supported the work by sub- that the membership has grown scriptions, dues, and personal serv- from 106 to 600. Testimonies show ice, and to make possible the that through the Bible classes and continuation of the work on a the hospital meetings, the young broader scale they are making women are receiving a training large additional contributions. Ad- that makes them valuable for work ditional gifts are, however, needed among young people of their own from others in sympathy with this churches. They not only study important work.

about God and His Son, Jesus Last year the League came into Christ, but also learn how to relate contact with 129,540 business girls, Him to the everyday things of life. an unusual opportunity to render The "Friendly Center"· affords an extraordinary service. Board- m ideal means of contact with busi- ing places and positions were found ness women of all ages. Through for many; the sick and unfortun- it, the Friendly League provides a ate were cared for in hospitals and comfortable home for a limited sanitariums; the services of sur- number of business women, and geons and physicians were secured also a place where from 400 to 500 at reduced prices or without each month may spend their eve- charge; individuals and groups nings with Christian women amid were entertained in private homes; comfortable homelike surround- special cases and problems were ings. Monday, Tuesday and Wed- skillfully handled; a large number nesday evenings large groups of of girls were won to Christ and business women gather for a sim- all are being built up in Christian ple dinner, preceding the classes experience; many are also learn- which offer free instructions in ing the joy of consecrated service.

dressmaking, millinery, lamp The League is carrying on a work shades, crystal flowers, and liquid worthy of its motto: embroidery. To win to Christ, For five years the League has To build up in Christ, rented a house on Lexington Ave- To send out for Christ.

A LAYMEN'S WORK OF CITY

A Story of the Fishermen's Club of Cicero, Illinois BY REV. WILLIAM McCARRELL, P(UJtQr oj the Fir8t Oongregatiorw! Ohurch, aioero, IIlinoiB A NUMBER of individuals, in- Columbia, Yellowstone National Park, cluding firms dealing in fish- and three foreign countries; conducted in churches and young people's societies ing tackle, have been of 41 denominations, the open air, hos- surprised, and at times deeply im- pitals, jails, prisons, missions, tents, pressed, to learn that this club is tabernacles, shops, etc.

not fishing for trout, muskies, fish Five preceding annual reports large or small, but fishing for souls. add weight to the above figures This surprise has deepened with found in the sixth annual report.

the knowledge of the voluntary Here is evidence of a work based spirit, earnestness, happiness and upon something deeper than passsuccess attending the fishing. The ing emotion, enthusiasm or humaninterest gathers momentum upon ly energized drives. Here is learning that it is done by Chris- evidence of a 365 days a year Christian laymen, a great majority tian interest and activity, signifiyoung men, carried on daily and cant in these days so marked by free from any expectation of finan- departUre from Biblical methods cial remuneration. The club bases of work. Many present day quesits work largely upon Matthew 4: tions are asked, such as, Can young men be interested in original foun- 18-20. Church leaders and all interested dation Bible truths? How best in meeting present-day problems combat unbelief in Christ, crime of unbelief, sin and crime, also in and sin so prevalent today, especievangelizing men with the Gospel ally in large cities? Are direct of the Lord Jesus Christ should Biblical methods for Christian give serious thought to an organi- service antiquated? Is there power zation of Christian laymen that in the Bible and its Gospel message to deliver from sin and impart submits the following as a partial strength to live righteously? report of one year's activities: These questions are at least sug- Gospel meetings conducted … 3,532 gestively, many would say finally, Gospel meetings assisted in .. 1,510 Prayer meetings conducted … 326 answered by such a work. Con- Personal calls made ………. 2,972 sideration of the scope of the club's Gospel tracts distributed.. . .. 727,152 work, the spirit in which its mem- Scripture portions distributed. 30,937 bers serve and the phases of life Number dealt with spiritually 28,733 Professions of Christ …….. 4,282 represented in its membership of- Sunday-school classes taught.. 595 326 fers additional light on these ques- Sunday-schools conducted •… Dedications of life ………. 142 tions.

Letters written …………. 926 The club has averaged about Song services conducted …… 72 Men aided ……………… 98 seventy-five in active membership Bible study courses ………. 2 with a number of associates. Gospel articles contributed … 25 Among this membership is found Gospel meetings were held in 104 Ralph Teter, once so prominently cities, located in 20 States, District of linked with Chicago's gang life.

524 He was led to accept Christ while ness of infidelity through the teachin prison by Evangelist Edward ing of professors who deny the Murphy, who was also converted Bible as the Word of God, is promwhile in a state prison and who inent in the club's work. A perum:,dntains contact with the club. sal of the entire membership Teter was waiting trial in connec- introduces other men such as Otto tion with the $500,000 daylight Drachenberg, a bricklayer; Charles mail robbery at the Dearborn Sta- Forst, an electrician; Jim Boertion, Chicago, for which crime a man, Stuve Wallin and Murselman leading Chicago politician served of the laboring class. There are in Leavenworth penitentiary. business men such as Merville What a message is conveyed by Morton, Leonard Edwards and mere recital of that which happened to the other members (about REV . Y]{. McCARRELL 19) of that particular crime ring. Since conversion Teter has lived a Swim, the traveling salesman. strong Christian life. Rev. Warren There are also college men and Winter, converted in Cicero when professional men such as Drs. O. an atheist contemplating suicide, J. Halbe and Richard Carroll, serves as a missionary to China's Prof. Malsberry, the musician and Leper Boat people. George Quilty, there are those converted from converted from Romanism, is one nominal religion, such as Edward of Chicago's effective open-air and Heiniger, the preacher's son and mission workers. Christ Pappas, T. M. Kingsley, the ex-modernist son of a Greek priest, converted in preacher. A number are in Chrisan open-air meeting at old infidel tian service as Harvey King in Afcorner in Chicago, can hardly fill rica, and always some in Christian demands for his testimony. training. All these lives are linked Charles Skoda, who accepted Christ in a united joyous endeavor to rein an open-air meeting, now waits alize the club's slogan "Out for a sailing date for missionary serv- Souls." In the main they follow ice in Africa. Eight of this Roman the Apostle Paul's example of sup- Catholic family of nine are living porting self with work of their consistent Christian lives. Fred hands while setting forth the un- Jacober, Roy Leeson, now in train- searchable riches of Christ. ing for Christian work, and Fred Ingersoll, an auto mechanic, each found Christ while in a career of crime. George Schmidt was a policeman when brought to Christ. Harold Somerville, a Purdue University man, now is a Presbyterian pastor in Erie, Pa. Bert Baker, linked with an AI Capone poolroom, came forward for Christ in Cicero with a gun in one pocket and a bottle of moonshine in another. Today he serves as pastor of the Presbyterian Church in Rossville, Ill. George Ellis, once in the dark-

Fields and Methods meetings among employees of the great Western Electric Telephone Fascinating, indeed, would be a plant in Cicero. Fishermen emdetailed account of the multiplied ployed in the plant aid the meetexperiences garnered by these men, ings. Thus far about 20,000 men have walked forward in their workhasostphietyalsla, bcohruirnchpeusb, lficacitnosrtiietsu,timoinss~ ing clothes to receive Gospels of John and other Biblical literature sions, jails, prisons, on railroads, which they agreed to read. No sta: through tract distribution and es- tistical records state the number pecially in open-air preaching. who publicly raised their hands re- Open-air meetings are held winter questing prayer and the many who and summer and often at the sac- have professed to receive Christ as rifice of lunch hours. Conducting Saviour. Eternity will reveal the regular evangelistic campaigns, fruitage. These meetings take great platform testimony meetings place in the shadow of places natand maintaining regular services ionally advertised as haunts of sin among Jews and Gentiles, in and crime and within a block of churches, missions, jails and on the former Al Capone gunmen open-air corners are distinct fea- headquarters. tures of the work. Great audiences are inspired and moved by testi- A number of similar organizamonies of the reality of Christ in tions now operate in the United and through the lives of these men. States and beyond which received Imagine the message conveyed vision, inspiration and organizathrough a large group closing a tion help from the Cicero Club. Bible conference or evangelistic Thus the organization has a worldcampaign with a platform personal wide ministry through other ortestimony meeting. Visualize this ganizations, former members in band of men, converted in walks of Christian service, missionary suplife varying from ex-gunmen to port, literature and the widespread the university and nominally re- ministry of its members and leader. ligious, supplying continual calls to aid in these many aspects of Plan of Operation Christian work, also going forth to invade haunts of sin with effective Meetings are held at an inten- Christian service. tionally testing time, Saturday aft- ernoon. At 4 P. M. the meeting For l;t number of years the or- opens with a song and prayer servganization has manned cemetery ice, often conducted by Wesley entrances about Chicago on Mem- Nehf, cousin to a Chicago National orial Day, presenting those visit- League baseball pitcher. Next, reing graves with an appropriate ports are heard of work done dur- Gospel tract. About 85,000 tracts ing the past week. Assigned were distributed last Memorial groups report on their work in Day. various places. This report period affords opportunity for interchange Men stationed at the exits of the of ideas, hearing of thrilling ex- Dempsey-Tunney prize fight dis- periences and instruction in methtributed heart – searching Gospel ods of service. Then new work is tracts to about 50,000 people. assigned for the coming week. Prayer requests from various parts For some five years the club has specialized in noonday open-air

A LAYMEN'S WORK OF CITY EVANGELISM

of the country are remembered in tion. The platform testifies against intercession. Special missionary fanaticism by expressing belief in or Bible speakers are often heard. witnessing to the saving power A regular feature is definite Bible of Christ Jesus with spirit-filled instruction by the leader. This is lives free from erroneous teach- followed by a fellowship supper ings. They witness the trans- without cost (the club being sup- forming effect of the Bible and ported by free will offerings). Aft- Christ in the lives of young and old er a testimony meeting, the from all realms of life and salva- members go forth to definite Chris- tion from all forms of -sin. After tian work or remain for special years of practical and fruitful ex- prayer circles which convene in the perience they are more convinced Church. The challenge has gone than ever as to the power of prayer forth to find a happier gathering in Jesus name, and the Bible and of men in the world. Gospel of Christ in human life, Men are accepted into member- also of the need to present Christ ship after investigation and upon and His ability and sufficiency as assurance that their lives meet the only Saviour of souls. It is a the following standard: settled fact that the only power that can effectively counteract un- 1. Soundness in the faith (as set forth belief, sin and crime is the divine in Club's platform). life imparted through definite ac- ceptance of Christ as Saviour and 2. Absence of any "hobby." Lord.* 3. Good common sense. 4. A personal testimony. ·The club was organized In 1923. Its bead- 5. A consistent Christian life. quarters arc the First Independent Congre- 6. A passion for souls. gational Church of Cicero, Illinois. 'l'his 7. First Corinthians 13. church has received world-wide publicity 8. Separation from worldliness. through a leaflet issued by the Moody Bible Institute entitled "The Church that Did Not The doctrinal platform of the Close." The leaflet is now undergoing a sixth club is Biblical. These men believe re'f'ision. The Club's program is fostered by the in the deity and virgin birth of church. This program has forced the church Christ, trinity of the Godhead, and to the present erection of an edifice with 1,200 in the Scriptures of the Old and Jndlvidual seats and a gl'cat Sur:ul8.y-schoo} New Testament as final authority equipment. 'l'he third enlargment since 1913. because fully inspired of God and inerrant in the original writings. The church and club center in the immediate They do not doubt the territory given country-wide publJcity as the headquarters of the Capone crime and gunmen rjngs. Tbe pastor of tbe church and organizer and leader of the Club is Pastor ,,'jniam Mc- Carrell.

need and reality of regeneration through God's Spirit, salvation only through the merits and shed blood of Jesus Christ and the reality of a resurrected, living and premillennial com- ing Saviour. They be- lieve the Gospel should be preached to every creature and the full Bible taught to every Christian for edifica- THE FISHERMEN'S CLUB OF CICERO

IN THE BOWERY

BY REV. WILLIAM N. HUBBELL, Pastor 01 the First Baptist Mariners' Ohurch, Net/) York City I T HAS been said that if Christ Henry Streets, just across from came to New York his first Chatham Square, was formerly a visit would be to the Bowery, seamen's church. After the re- for there moral destitution seems, moval of the shipping center from outwardly at least, most apparent the East River to the North River, and tragic. it began to minister to a more cos- I am not so sure that Christ mopolitan congregation. With the would take this course. In God's growth of the number of men's sight, I question if Bowery sinners hotels (popularly called lodging are more sinful than Wall Street houses) on the Bowery and adja- sinners or Broadway sinners. I cent streets, the church developed am inclined to think that Christ a ministry to the men of this re- might first visit the Hall of Fame gion.

so that, by an understanding of It would be easy to write a de- the lives of representative men and scription of unspeakable dives, women honored there, He might gambling hells, brothels and opium see what ideals America is cherish- joints filled with murderers, cut- ing. From thence, I can picture throats, desperate plug-uglies and Him wending His way down the drunkards, which the public even old Boston Post Road with con- today assume to be the natural set- stant appreciation of the currents ting of the Bowery. There was a of life about Him, until passing period, from 1830 to 1900, when Cooper Union, the northern termi- the Bowery was the arena of pic- nus of the Bowery, He would enter turesque wickedness. In one win- that thoroughfare. Then I can al- ter in the 90's, a former bartender most hear Him say in His onward assured me, three men died of al- progress, "There are some men coholism or something else, in the living in this district whom also I back room of his saloon. "We would have inspired and raised to planted the bodies in the hallways positions of trust, but they would of tenement houses. The Cor- not. Yet they with their fellows oner's verdict in each case was, are men with divine possibilities. 'Death due to unknown causes.' "

It is your responsibility, 0 My But that period has passed. The Church, to lift Me up that I may Bowery, Chatham Square, Park draw all these unattached and for- Row, are now business thorough- gotten men to Myself." fares. This betterment has been A number of religious centers brought about by the vast changes have caught this vision. Among in the business life of New York them are the Bowery Y. M. C. A., since the war, by the immigration "316 Water Street," Hadley Hall, law, by the abounding prosperity James' Slip, The Bowery MissIon of the times and by the construc- and The All Night Missions. The tive supervision of our City Sani- First Baptist Mariners' Church, tary, Building and Police Depart- located at the corner of Oliver and ments. Today there is a new 528 Bowery district. It is as safe, istic of Christ. We cannot connight and day, as Broadway or ceive Jesus Christ making His way 125th Street, as I can testify for I along the Bowery in an attitude of have been working in this district scorn. for twenty years. Its death rate is low. About eighty men's hotels Furthermore this appraisal is (40c to 75c per night for beds) false, because no one can truthfully gives satisfactory service for the bring an indictment against a money, to the fifteen thousand and whole class. That would be an inmore men who live there. Many sult to its worthy members. of the hotels have tiled wash rooms and baths. Stately buildings re- In order to appraise as fairly as cently erected give an air of pros- possible the types of men living in perity to the streets. The tradi- the Bowery district, I have made tional Bowery is dead-as dead as for myself a three-fold classifica- Mulberry Bend. Some day this tion. Any other classification section will shoulder up to the civic center on the west and then the MARINERS' BAPTIST CHURCH. rest of New York will have to, sit NEW YORK up and take notice; for high class apartments may yet be built and which will enable us more fully to the suburbanite return to the appreciate the various social and birthplace of the "Side Walks of economic grades which unquestion- New York." ably exist, would be acceptable. But some such schedule is impera- It is a popular notion that who- tive; otherwise the basis for ever lives on the Bowery is "down constructive remedies is lacking, and out." He belongs to the riff- particularly in administering maraff. He's a tramp, a derelict. A terial relief. woman riding on the Third Avenue "L," which traverses this street THE INDEPENDENT CLASs.-Reexpresses her feelings (and those of most casual observers) in this cently, a man whom I would, unfashion: hesitatingly, put into this class said to me, "I have been living on The noisy "V' rushes by its dingy win- my savings all winter. Previously dows, I lived with my relatives near Bos- ton. I had a position with one of "The Lodging House for Men" And careless eyes may look upon its in- mates (They seldom look again). Only a bunch of "has-beens" Frayed and seedy, Wanting a bath and shave. Wastrels, who whistle down the wind of fortune, The gifts that nature gave.

This is flagrant injustice. It seems to be born of caste feeling which determines the outlook of so many people even in democratic America. It is pagan, for it is devoid of that gracious insight into another's personality so character- 3

them until he failed in business. I It includes also the lowest degenerreturned to New York for I could ates, the unwashed, the rounders, live cheaper on the Bowery than the incurable lazies, the habitual anywhere else. But no one wants smoke hounds, the tramps, the an old man around. I can't get bums and the derelicts. (I am uswork and I don't know what to ing popular designations. Persondo." He is educated. He does not ally I dislike these names and drink. He covets the independent never use them.) It is these homelife which lower Manhattan af- less men that keep alive the sinfords. He can come and go and ister reputation of the Bowery. dress as he pleases and no ques- They live chiefly by begging. Their tions asked. He is a typical case. bed in summer is a park bench or Some of the Independents have wagon. In winter they sleep in the pensions. Some have bank ac- missions or in the Municipal Lodgcounts. Many have received a high ing House or stand over gratings school education. Many are con- from which issue a little warmth. scientious Christians. Thousands They are miserable even to them- selves. Their end is Potters' Field. NOTHING '1'0 DO During March, 1929, some 27,000 lodgings were provided for homeare by no means free from vices. less men by eight of the prinicpal There are criminals among them. social agencies of lower Manhat- They are of all ages and nationali- tan. ties. The vast majority, however, support themselves in a modest These three classifications are way. They are not homeless or elastic. Life cannot be put into a pan-handlers. straight-packet. There is a con- stant passing from one class to an- THE UNSTABLE CLASS.-Men of other. Temporarily the Independthis class lack the spirit and out- ent may become homeless, or a look of the preceding class. They homeless man may lift himself into are well intentioned but weak. the ranks of the unstable. But Drink is their curse-perhaps the general classification is, I drugs. Part of the year they main- think, accurate and must be kept tain themselves. The rest of the in mind. Otherwise moral values time they merge themselves into become confused and judgments the third or homeless class. They warped. have only a diluted measure of selfrespect. WHAT SHALL THE CHURCH Do?

THE HOMELESS CLASS.-This There still remains the question: class is composed of those whose How shall the church most effimental growth has been retarded. ciently fulfil her ministry to these fifteen thousand and more men who live in the Bowery district? Its approach, it seems to me, in- volves the recognition of several factors.

1. There should be a keen reali- zation of the fact that large num- bers of unattached men living apart by themselves, are living

ADVENTURES IN THE BOWERY DISTRICT

abnormally. They are without fancy; but enough has been rehome discipline, home comforts vealed by modern psychology to and the home atmosphere. The give the promise that no man, unpoorest home has in it qualities of less he wills it, need remain in completeness lacking in hotel life, ignorance of spiritual resources in particularly in hotels for men only. his sub-conscious self. Why is In the Bowery district, a lodger there a black sheep? Why does a constantly rubs up against all man say, "I cannot overcome my appetite for drink or for heroin?" kinds of characters. Helpful so- It is partly because he is ignorant cial restraints are thrown aside. of his own mental constitution. Good manners are forgotten. It is Recently, a bright looking boy said literally, each man for himself and to me, "I have been in prison twice the devil take the hindmost. Gradually, unless he is on his guard, a WHERE MEN SEEK MONEY man loses interest in the world outside and in the finer things of for stealing. I can't even resist life. Ambition is slowly snuffed taking money from a friend." out. He is out of touch with Under skillful treatment this boy's philanthropi.c, artistic, social and weakness, which he loathes, can be religious currents of activity. He overcome with increased knowlbecomes introspective and angular. edge of himself. There is needed a mental clinic in connection with At the Mariners' Temple we every religious center in the have endeavored to meet this ab- Bowery district; a shelter where normal situation by our Home treatment can be continued over a Hour, a social gathering on Sunday series of weeks. I do not know evenings. The temptations of a that this course has ever been suglarge city are, to solitary men, gested, but assuredly modern psygreatest on Sunday. We try to re- chological discoveries warrant us produce, though in a faint way, the in adopting measures to this end. Sunday evening home touch of We know the physical bodies. We many of the men when they were children. There is a cup of coffee, short addresses, singing and an atmosphere of good cheer. The presence of consecrated women completes the idea of the home circle. The inspiration of this hour. overflows into the days that follow, bringing to many lonely hearts the assurance that there is a corner in this big city where a welcome is to be found.

2. Many men in lower Manhattan do not break away from their surroundings because they are ignorant of themselves. They have resources of energy within which they have never tapped. It is so with all of us. The science of mental hygiene is yet in its in-

should know as fully the capacities various lines, supplementing the of the mind. Gospel service or other mass 3. The vicious circle which we gatherings, each unit under the meet elsewhere we meet also on the guidance of a sane, consecrated Bowery. Discouragement produces man or woman, would yield large drink; drink produces discourage- fruitage. There will be fewer ment. Men inclined to drink be- lapses into the old life, if the possi- lieve discouragement is the cause bilities of the group system for the of all their woes. We cannot know strengthening of character are the secrets of the discouragements utilized.

which a man is cherishing except 4. No discussion of adventures by personal contact with him. This in brotherhood in the Bowery dis- knowledge is an absolute necessity trict would be complete without a for the church worker. Men must reference to the cause of all sorrow be known, sympathy must be ex- and of all moral failure-namely, SIN. We touch here the root of every man's weakness. The church has no argument for existence ex- cept that primarily and in every activity it presents a sovereign remedy for sin. In Jesus Christ we have that remedy. Jerry Mc- Auley, having accepted Jesus Christ as his Saviour and his Lord, opened the first rescue mission on Water Street. His instinct was sound. That which saved him would, if accepted, save all men.

So every religious center in lower Manhattan has its nightly Gospel WHERE JIIEN SEEK WOHK service to which all men are in- vited and from which come thou- pressed, if confidence is to be given sands of new-born men. Its power, in return. The small group idea under God, is prodigious. I do not so emphasized in the modern edu- dwell upon it simply because it is cational system, has not been so widely known and so truly re- stressed as it should be in the garded as the most fruitful medi- church's ministry to these men. um for the salvation of men.

A group of them who love music Thus in every possible legitimate and who meet together once or way-through personal contact, twice a week to rehearse and to through the social touch, through enjoy an hour of close intimacy the ex pre s s ion of sympathy, are on the highway to a fuller life. through material relief, through There is something in such an hour mental clinics, through brother- that draws the best out of men. hood groups, through the Gospel The fraternal spirit is cultivated. mass meeting, the church should Prejudices are stilled. We have make its approach to those needing seen this tested out in our own its ministry, that Christ, held aloft, church in a remarkable way. A may draw the multitudes to Him- dozen or so of such groups along self.

FOR CITY BOYS AND

The Neighborhood School of the Baptist Temple, Rochester BY CARL DAWKINS, Rochester, N. Y.

T HE future leadership of State gang of them were following. In and Church is bound up in some of the places the parents the flesh and blood and mind would rush out and, in broken and heart of the child of today. English, ask the cause of the Neglect him and the State and the trouble. Some thought I was a Church and the home will suffer policeman, or a secret service man.

when he takes over responsibili- Perhaps their consciences were not ties. Here is more than a chal- altogether clear for much of the lenge, it is an obligation. crime comes from this district.

Last year five hundred and Most of the homes were dingy, twenty-seven boys and girls were very poorly furnished al!.d illy enrolled in the Neighborhood kept. The hallways were dark and School of the Baptist Temple, with unpleasant odors greeted one at an average attendance of one hun- almost every turn. The women dred and fifty. The ages of the and men who came to the door boys and girls run from three were very often half-dressed and to six. Those over thirteen are 'their clothes were ragged and chosen as leaders. They are dirty. Occasionally we came watched carefully as leaders are across a family who, even though chosen on merit. A leadership poor, showed their belief that class is organized where the boys cleanliness is next to godliness.

and girls are taught the funda- The parents, although rather mental qualities of a leader, and skeptical at first, became very cor- are given specific tasks to prove dial as soon as they discovered our their abilities. Many show special mission. Some mothers would try talent in music or drawing or some to tell, in broken English, how other line of work. much the school had done for her Last year twenty-two different boyar girl, and showed pride in nations were represented includ- anything their children had made.

ing: Italian, Ukranian, American, One of the problems is to keep Greek, Jewish, Assyrian, Polish, the children off the streets. For- Eng lis h, Servian, Lithuanian, tunately for the most part they are Dutch, Canadian, German, Syrian, back streets not much travelled.

Turkish, Hungarian, Bulgarian, The Baptist Temple's Vacation Slavish, French, Irish, Spanish and Bible School recruits its members Scotch. from this same district, and the The home life of these children parents are glad to have their chil- is an interesting study. My first dren go where they will be cared visit to this district was on a sultry for, especially during the warmer summer afternoon when one of the season. Parents also attend dif- neighborhood boys took me around ferent functions sponsored by the to the homes of several children. Neighborhood School and many Many boys knew me from our con- appreciate all that the school has tacts in the school and soon quite a done for their children.

533

A new pupil from one of the There is an honor club for the poorer homes where cleanliness is boys and one for the girls, where given little attention, soon dis- good behavior is recognized and covers that there is such a word, leadership is promoted. The memand observes that pupils can be bers are appointed by the club clean, even if their clothes are leaders on merit, and their apragged. Soon he will return like pointment is for a month at a time, a new boy and find satisfaction to be annulled at any time the boy in being clean, with teeth polished, or girl proves unworthy. Boy shoes shined and clothes brushed. Scout organizations and groups of Girl Reserves are in charge of com- Hygiene is a necessary co-part- petent leaders with charters from ner of character building. Fair national and state organizations. play in sports is taught as well as There is also a Black Condors club in all aspects of life. The children for the boys above the scout age. are constantly advised to make their homes a place to carry out Of the eighty-five volunteer the things they learn in the school, workers in the Neighborhood helping tired mother, and promot- School, most of them are members ing harmony. of the Baptist Temple. Mrs. Par- Many have confessed that they menter, the director, has a genius have stolen but will not do so any for organization, and a knack for more. In many homes theft is getting people interested in worthpassed over very lightly, and in while work. The school is financed some is even encouraged. Some by the various women's clubs of boys have been leaders of gangs the Temple and by special gifts. that have caused much trouble for officials but have led their gang to One of the happiest times in the the school, where they learn a lives of these underprivileged better way of life. children is that spent at Kamp Kontent, the Baptist Temple Sum- Many of the children are under- mer Camp on Lake Conesus. The nourished. A little advice to the competition for a camp scholarship mothers as to the kind of food to is, very keen, for choice is made buy and the best way to prepare it from those who have made the best often makes a change in the entire records in attendance, behavior home. Bad tempers caused from and quality of work. poorly digested food vanish when the cause is removed. The girls Bigger plans for this school are learn many things about the home being made for next year with and put these lessons into opera- a big general assembly once a tion. They are taught to be un- month. There are special health selfish, not only with their money examinations by a trained nurse, but also with their time and and there is to be a first-aid and strength. One of the boys who home nursing course. More emhad a great desire to go to Buffalo phasis is to be placed on organizaand had saved enough money, gave tion, program and leadership it instead to his mother for a new training. The "Nabor News," the dress, or to his father for a new school paper, is to be enlarged and pair of shoes. In many cases the more and better music is on the bill children have denied themselves for next year. Other churches may pleasure in order to help others. ' adopt some of the ideas of this effective Christian service.

MOODY MEMORIAL CHURCH. CHlCAG()-'-SEATING FOUR THOUSAND

A CHURCH THAT DRAWS THE MASSES BY REV. P. W. PHILPOTT, D.D., Chicago Pa8tor of the Moody Memorial Church I NTO the business office of a the old resentment, take our child, public stenographer, a conse- and go to church. crated Christian woman, there came from time to time a keen- "Last night we went with open minded young mechanic. He never minds to Dr. Blank's church (namwent to church. His interest in ing one of the most popular in the "religion" was nil. But tactful city). We enjoyed the music. We were prepared to hear an author- conversation was not fruitless. itative voice. But what do you One Monday morning he made suppose that preacher did? He this surprising remark, "Well, I spent his time trying to prove to went to church last night." us that about half the Bible is not The young woman was delighted true. I tell you, we working people and frankly said so. Quickly he have no appetite for that kind of interrupted, with grim determina- negative stuff! If a man does not tion and bitterness in his voice as believe his own Book, why should he declared, "But I shall never go we waste time listening to him?" again!" A positive message! The masses Pressed for the reason he gave crave it. Preachers and laymen this explanation: "For years I alike who believe the Bible as the have been antagonistic toward the inspired Word of the Living God church. But lately I have wan- can speak with Divine finality. On dered if, perhaps, I was not miss- the other hand (and reverently), ing something because of my hos- if the Bible is not the Word of tile attitude. I talked it over with God, what authority have we to my wife, and we decided to bury speak at all? The only message 535

that will grip individual hearts, them pause falteringly just to that will carry with it evangelizing drink of the comfort of which the power for the masses, must find its church motto speaks: "Ever welkey-note in "thus saith the Lord." come to this house of God are strangers and the poor." They During more than forty-three come–as other thousands from years of public work-years spent Moody's day to ours have comein large measure in ministry for because they desire sane, sweet, God among the poor and the de- scriptural teaching that exalts the graded-it has been my experience cross of Cprist and emphasizes its that the Gospel, wherever believed practical value in everyday life. in entirety and presented in simplicity, is, as always, "the power of While the morning service is usually for the instruction and God unto salvation." edification of Christians, not in- Commercially and industrially, frequently an appeal is made to the unsaved or the indifferent. The Chicago a throb with life and ener- Sunday evening meeting is purely gy, has arisen to the command of one of the Nation's most strategic evangelistic, with an hour of music centers. In this environment and in which the chorus choir of nearly to cope with this opportunity, the two hundred voices and the congre- Moody Memorial Church has been gation are led in the singing of erected. The masses find the Gospel hymns. Visiting ministers church easily accessible, located are also asked to adjust themselves just north of the main business to the Evangelistic program so section, near which thousands of that there is never a Sunday evewage earners have rooms. The ning when opportunity is not given active roll includes 3,750 members. to choose Christ as Saviour. Often, Founded on God's Word, the without undue urging, as many as twenty respond. In the inquiry church, erected as a memorial to room trained personal workers deal individually with inquirers, D. L. Moody, places the whole em- and later, brief instruction is given phasis on Bible teaching and to the group as a whole regarding the importance of prayer, Bible preaching and on practical evangelism. The primary aim, whether study, etc. A card is signed, givin services of public worship or ing the name, address, and church meetings of separate organiza- preference of the inquirer, and a gospel of John is given to each. tions, is the salvation of souls. No During the week, each inquirer is week passes without fruitage in the personally visited, encouraged, and conversion of those who have been invited to become an active church brought to a saving knowledge of member. the truth in Christ. The work of the Usher Band is Does this program attract the of inestimable value. Prepared by united, beiieving prayer, each masses? usher has in his charge a certain A visitor to any Sunday service section of seats in the auditorium. When the invitation is given to acwould undoubtedly testify that it cept Christ the ushers standing at does. In ~he main auditorium, their assigned posts are able to 10- 4,040 seats accommodate the people, and rarely is there a Sunday when the building is not well filled. Magnetically drawn by the lure of the city, they come, weary, discouraged, and lonely. Some of

A CHURCH THAT DRAWS THE MASSES

cate the persons whose hands are ing knowledge of the Lord Jesus raised for prayer and are ready to Christ. Faced with an open Bible invite them courteously to the in- and a seeking soul, no sincere quiry room, and to accompany Christian can successfully harbor them there if they wish. bitterness or long engender strife.

A number of young people's Furthermore, it stimulates. Soul organizations meet each Sunday winning, as a common ambition, afternoon. While an invitation is will exalt to its rightful place in not given at each one, the entire the program of the church the art plan of service points toward the of intercession. And prayer will individual acceptance of Christ. inevitably lead to mutual under- Each week at the Young Men's standing and sympathy. It will THE MOODY MEMORIAL CHURCH CHOIR OF OVER ONE HUNDRED VOICES Club and the Business Girls' Coun- gild with heavenly glory the task cil meetings, at which approxi- of bearing one another's burdens. mately 300 are regularly present, young men and women take Christ Heartbroken parents come to as their Saviour. At banquets and the pastor with this plea: "I have social gatherings of the church and a son, a dear boy. He has left Sunday-school, the evangelistic aim home and I cannot find him. Some predominates. day you, Or one of your workers, may meet my boy. Tell him, won't The advantages of an evangelis- you, that his mother believes in tic ministry are manifold. him, that she never ceases to pray for him and for his return to God In the first place, it amalga- and to his loved ones." mates. It brings unity among believers as nothing else can. No Prayer requests are sent every better solvent can there be for dif- Sunday morning to the platform, ferences of race, social standing, and a congregation of several and denominational peculiarity thousand people engages in united than the earnest, persistent effort prayer for that specific need. to bring men and women to a sav- Again, at the Wednesday evening

fellowship meeting, devoted en- of the earth with the message. In tirely to prayer and testimony and this group sixty are eligible and attended regularly by 600 to 800 available for support through the people, it is the staggering sense Moody Church, and last year, when of obligation for the lost that the total receipts for missions ex- makes petition fervent and wit- ceeded $43,000, this support in the nessing effective. full amount necessary was supplied How do we raise the money for in every case, besides generous the maintenance of so great a donations to other missionary en- work? The answer is simple. We terprises.

do not raise it; we give it. The Most congregations, afflicted stimulus for giving is found in the with such ailments as stunted spir- evangelistic aim of the church. itual growth and general weak- Over $1,000 is needed each week ness, will respond quickly and en- for general expenses. Interest is couragingly to emphasized evan- also required on a bond issue gelism.

floated to finance the building proj- ect. From givers who would be I DO IT UNTO THEE* classified by most judges as poor Lord of all pots and pans and people these amounts have been things; since I've no time to be regularly forthcoming. A saint by doing lovely things or How wholesomely effective is watching late with Thee, evangelism! It places individual witnessing for Christ on a plane Or dreaming in the dawn light, or with the most enviable achieve- storming heaven's gates, ments. It enables young people and mature Christians, zealous and Make me a saint by getting meals, and washing up the plates.

warm-hearted, to speak for the Although I must have Martha's Master in homes and business hands, I have a Mary mind; houses where they are employed, and in jails, hospitals and the open And when I black the boots and air where their unwearying love shoes, Thy sandals, Lord I for the lost makes weekly visits find. profitable. Through this medium, in conneCtion with this one church, I think of how they trod the earth, scores are won for Christ each each time I scrub the floor; week. Accept this meditation, Lord, I haven't time for more.

Echoing through the years with Warm all the kitchen with Thy holy solemnity are the words of the love and light it with Thy Shepherd King: "Other sheep peace; have I … them also I must bring." Forgive me all my worrying and The poignancy of their appeal is make all grumbling cease.

sensed most keenly by the individ- Thou didst love to give men food, ual and the church whose whole in room or by the sea, viewpoint is evangelistic. With Accept this service that I do-I do Macedonian urgency the cry of it unto Thee.

perishing multitudes has come to • This prayer was written by U. K. H., a girl eighty-five members of the Moody 19 years of age, who is in domestic service, and Church, and in response they have was read to a large congregation by Dr. G. gone gladly to the uttermost parts Campbell Morgan at Vestminster Chapel, Lon~ don. It is reprinted from The WestminBter Record.

REAI;>Y FOR AN ADVENTURE A'l' THE P ENIEL CENTER

AN ADVENTURE AMONG THE JEWS "W BY REV. JOHN STUART CONNING, D.D., New York ILL you undertake it?" ness and disappointment and anx- The question was asked iety. But he knew also his re- of a young Jew who had sources. There stood beside him met Christ on the way and had One who said, "Lo, I am with you heard His call "Follow Me." Col- alway." He caught visions of hos- lege and seminary had given him tility changed to friendship, of preparation for service. Earnest lives made glad through a new- and eager he asked for an oppor- found faith, of homes blessed by tunity. the coming of a gracious Friend.

It came to him in a community Seeing all and understanding all, of seventy thousand Jews, mostly he answered with a smile.

socialists, in the neighborhood of "I will."

Humboldt Park, Chicago. The That is how Peniel Community coming of this multitude of stran- Center, Chicago, was commenced, gers had driven far afield the mem" and how David Bronstein began bers of the Eleventh Presbyterian his adventure for Christ in that Church located in that district. great city.

Beside their abandoned church edi- It was July. On the streets fice David Bronstein stood that about were hundreds of girls and summer day in 1921 and weighed boys having nowhere else to go and that question. having nothing worthwhile to do.

He knew well what it meant: Beside the church was a large, va- standing alone in an alien commu- cant, enclosed lot. To this young nity, being misunderstood by his man of vision the first approach to own people, enduring incessant that community was easy. A bill- toil, encountering hours of loneli- board announced that the lot would 539

be open in the morning as a play- building soon became quite inade- ground. One hundred and fifty quate and plans were made for children flocked in, and parents more suitable quarters. In 1925 came to express their heartfelt an additional building was erected gratitude for this gracious min- with a number of rooms for vari- istry of helpfulness. A Daily Va- ous meetings and activities. This cation Bible School followed, with building in turn is now filled to a full program-Scriptures and capacity and plans are being made all. The enrollment was two hun- for fUrther extension.

dred and twenty. Come to Peniel at any time, Sun- Thus hundreds of doors in the day or week-day, and you will be community were opened to the mis- sure to find something going on.

sionary and his helpers. In the On my last visit I attended a party fall the children and young folks, given by the missionary society of whose hearts had been won by the one of the city churches to the summer activities and the friendly Jewish women of the neighbor- interest of the workers, were gath- hood. I learned that a different ered into clubs and classes of vari- society arranges for such gather- ous sorts, in all of which definite ings each month. Coffee and cake religious instruction was given. is provided and a program.

For the adult Jews of the com- On this particular occasion the munity, many of whom were rad- soprano soloist from the church icals and who loved discussions on choir rendered two choice selec- the questions of the day, an Open tions which her Jewish audience, Forum was opened for the presen- who are lovers of music, greatly tation of religious issues. Pro- enjoyed. A number of simple fessors from the seminary and games, such as are used on Sunday- leading ministers of the city came school picnics and church socials, to discuss with these wide-awake served to remove formality and Jews such themes as "The Being create a warm, friendly atmos- of God," "The Atonement." "The phere. Then Mr. Bronstein gave Person of Jesus," "Judaism and out a number of hymns from a Christianity," and "The Right of Yiddish hymn book, in which the Christians To Propagate Their members of the missionary society Faith." . could join in English. An earnest Professors and ministers soon Gospel address then followed which made the discovery that these Jews was listened to with eager atten- were acute thinkers and earnest tion. When the refreshments were seekers after truth. One bright served each Gentile Christian sat young minister said after one of beside a Jewish sister and sought his experiences at Peniel: to become a friend.

"Before I go down there again I This mingling of Gentile Chris- am going to re-study my theology." tians with their Jewish neighbors Hundreds of Jews for the first has been most fruitful. The no- time were brought face to face tion prevalent among Jews that with the ireat truths of Christian- Christians hate them has been ity and the claims of Jesus Christ. completely removed, and the wom- So responsive were the people of en look forward eagerly to these the community to the ministry of pleasant meetings. A postcard an- Peniel that the facilities of the old nouncement will bring together

AN ADVENTURE AMONG THE JEWS

thirty-five or forty of them at any friendly ministries, often inviting time. The influence of these gath- a number of Jewish people for a erings upon the women of the meal. At the table he tells them churches has been equally salutory. that it is the Christian custom to They have learned to know and thank God for food and he asks love their Jewish sisters, and to them to be silent as he bows his take a heartfelt interest in the head to pray. After the meal they work of Peniel. They have formed gather in a front room, and one of an "Auxiliary" which cooperates the company who is a Christian enthusiastically with the Board and a favorite musician leads in and the Presbytery in its support singing some stirring hymns and and provides two thousand dollars directs the conversation into re- a year towa"rd maintenance. ligious channels which gives him A very memorable gathering an opportunity to tell what Christ last winter was the night when has meant to him. Or another Alexander Kaminsky, the wonder Jew, who has found the Way of violinist of old Russia-himself a Life and who loves Bible study, recent convert to the Christian suggests that they spend a little faith-thrilled his audience with while in the study of the Scrip- his extraordInary music and with tures. From these informal af- the story of how he had been won fairs it has come about that six or to the faith of Christ. This great seven families meet regularly in Jew's testimony made a profound each other's homes. Mter the impression upon his audience. meal each one takes a Bible and Many other activities center in they have a season of real Bible this modern House of the Inter- study.

preter. A Sunday-school in which Mr. Bronstein said: "Just last all the teachers and officers are Friday night we were at an ortho- Jewish young people who have dox home. The sabbath candles been won for Christ and trained in were lit. The challah-the sab- Peniel deserves a whole page for bath white bread-and the gefilte itself. Mrs. Peck's Mothers' Bible fish were on the table. When we Class on Tuesday afternoons where sat down I got a spiritual thrill as Jewish women-a dozen of them- the man said, 'We will ask Mr.

come regularly for nothing else but Bronstein to thank God for the the study of the Bible, the Queen food.' In such ways we realize Esther Club for girls, and a score how widespread is the influence of or more other groups of young and Peniel in our community."

old afford constant opportunities You should hear some of these for Christian influence. Even the Jewish young people and adults classes in English for adults be- talk about Camp Gray! There a come occasions for discussing the secluded section of this beautiful deeper things of life. summer spot has been set apart To people who are possessed of for the work of Peniel. Nestled sincere love and a passion for serv- away in the wooded dunes, groups ice every occasion affords an op- of tired mothers with little chil- portunity to interpret Christ either dren, of girls, boys and young by word or kindly deed. Mr. and people-over a hundred of them Mrs. Bronstein also make their last summer-under the trees and home a center of light and of beside the rippling waters gained

not only the rest they needed, but was brought into contact with the new conceptions of life and new teaching of the New Testament thoughts of God. and came under the spell of Christ.

Mrs. Peck thus describes one So profound was the impression memorable scene when the moth- made upon him that he was led ers were in camp. "With consum- after a period of Bible study to mate tact Mr. Bronstein intro- offer himself as a student for the duced the daily Bible talks after ministry. He has recently com- breakfast, leading step by step to pleted his course of preparation in a frank presentation of Christ as the seminary and today he is the Saviour of Jew and Gentile. preaching the faith that once he Out on the pleasant verandah the sought to destroy.

women gathered around him, It is never easy to tabUlate the showing the deepest interest, many results of work for the Jews. In of them leaning forward in their many cases converts face the os- chairs eager to hear every word." tracism and persecution of their Through these eight years the people, and hesitate to make open Open Forum has continued to hold confession of their faith. So the its interest and influence. The seventy or more who in connection capacity of the room was utilized with Peniel have avowed their to the full by the addition of twen- faith in Christ, and who by their ty-five extra chairs. Even then courage, enthusiasm and loyalty on many Fridays twenty-five or demonstrate the reality of the new thirty stand listening at the door, life they have found, by no means as there is no more room within. represent all the results of this In the discussions that follow most interesting service. The in- the addresses and lectures there direct results are beyond all com- are many evidences of their in- putation. Hundreds of men, wom- fluence. One night, following a en and young people have learned course of addresses on the "Funda- to know and esteem Jesus. Indeed mentals of Christianity," the Peniel has spread a spiritual leaven speaker made an appeal to his Jew- through that whole community, a ish audience to begin the great ad- leaven which is being scattered to venture of fellowship with Christ. many other parts of the city. Our One Jew in his remarks afterward missionaries have seen hostility said: "We Jews are proud that we changed to friendship. No rabbi have given to the world a character in that great community has won like Jesus, I accept His teachings so ItlUCh respect 'and love as the de- and His spirit, although I cannot voted leader of this truly Christian believe in His divinity." Another Center. This does not mean that said, "I want to make a confession. there is no opposition. There is.

There used to be a time when I At times it is quite pronounced.

hated Christ, and spoke against But the most ardent defenders of Him on the street corners, but now Peniel are the Jews themselves I hate Him no more. I love and who know it best. They recognize live by His principles." its power for good and bear eager It was in connection with this testimony to what it has accom- forum that Louis H. Aronson, the plished in the spiritual upbuilding leading socialist orator of Chicago, of their community.

ell:rnODS fOR

By MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, New York President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions HOW COOPERATION WAS Protestant churches of Ohio had been ACHIEVED making sporadic attempts to organize By B. F. LAMB, D.D., interdenominationally for a coopera- tive approach to the rural church sit- Executive Secretary, the Ohio Council uation, which all religious leaders of Churches seemed to agree was in need of cor- The Ohio Council of Churches is rective action. It was not until after completing its tenth year of organized the war, however, that a permanent work. Historically, however, it is an organization was achieved, and it came outgrowth of ,the interest and concern then, partially at least, as the result over rural church conditions which of a cooperative activity in which the have been felt among religious and churches had been engaged during the social workers in Ohio for at least war.

thirty years. As early as 1900 an in- In March, 1919, a questionnaire re- terdenominational organization was garding cooperation was sent to min- formed to cope with this situation but isters in various parts of the state by it lapsed because of lack of popular the Ohio representatives of the Joint interest. Committee on War Production Com- Some thirteen years later the first munities of the Federal Council of rural church survey in the state of Churches. The favorable response led which there is a record was made in to the calling of a preliminary meeting several southern Ohio counties, giving to consider definite plans for interde- rise to a new birth of interest in the nominational organization. Represent- country church. At about this time atives of seven denominations at- the Ohio Rural Life Association was tended this conference in Columbus, formed and carried on an educational April 21, chose Dr. W. O. Thompson program, in which the over-churching as chairman and authorized him to and under-churching problems were write to the heads of the various de- emphasized. Then the Commission nominational bodies in the state, invit- on the Church and Country Life, an ing them to be present, each with two agency of the Federal Council of other representatives of his commun- Churches, selected Ohio as the field of ion, at a conference in Cleveland, May an intensive study of rural conditions, 7, 1919.

and with the cooperation of the Ohio The new cooperative organization Rural Life Association made a survey was formally launched at the Cleveland of the whole state. In the hope of meeting. More than sixty persons, building a remedial program on the representing sixteen communions and basis of these surveys, a Committee on four city church federations, were Interchurch Cooperation was formed present. A constitution was approved within the Rural Life Association and and referred to the state or sectional was composed largely of state execu- bodies of the various denominations tives of the various denominations. for ratification. This document an- Sixteen years before America en- nounced the name of the organization tered the World War, therefore, the as "The Ohio Federation of Churches"

643

(changed later to "The Ohio Council Ohio leaders, as had been seen, had of Churches," which was felt to be a been working for years. This was more accurately descriptive title). It recognized by specific action at this stated the purposes of the federation first annual meeting, by which the to be as follows: Rural Surveys Department of the In- terchurch Movement was recognized (1) To realize essential unity among as Rural Section of the state Federathe Christian forces of the state on a tion and its director as an associate basis of mutual respect; secretary of the Federation.

(2) To develop an aggressive coopera- At the same time, however, the tive program for the churches in the in- other opportunities for profitable coterest of the Kingdom of God; operation among the denominations were not overlooked. A leaflet dis- (3) To encourage and assist in the tributed in the summer of 1919, while formation and development of local fed- the constitution was before the various erations in the cities, villages, communi- denominational bodies for consideraties and counties of the state for the tion, pointed out that "a state-wide promotion of the same ends. federation of Protestant churches could promote social legislation, pro- Provision was made to give each de- mote united evangelistic effort, foster nomination at least one clerical and interdenominational goodwill, secure one lay delegate to the governing wide publicity for Christian causes, body, with additional representation agitate for law enforcement on moral of the same character for each 20,000 issues, promote interest in city and members or major fraction thereof. countY :federations, survey social and Each local church federation was 1"eligioqs conditions in communities granted one clerical and one lay dele- which;desire it, and cooperate with gate. (In later years the unit group all state agencies, religious or public, of delegates has been doubled, and which look toward social betterment." provision bas beennmde to the ell'ecl Committees to deal with various of that at least ORe of .each two lay dele- these topics were provided for at the gates must be a woman.) meeting.

By October, when the first annual Dr. W. O. Thompson, then president meeting of the new federation was (now president emeritus) of Ohio held, the constitution had been ratified State University and a leader in most by official bodies of ten denominations of the preliminary steps toward interand also by six city church federa- denominational organization that had tions of the state, all of which were been taken since 1900, was elected as represented at the meeting. the first president of the Federation.

In the meantime, the interdenom- The first annual meeting adjourned inational promotional program known with the feeling that the work toward as the Interchurch World Movement which so many had been looking forhad come into being nationally, had ward for years was now auspiciously begun a state-wide rural church sur- launched and that the strength gained vey in Ohio and had opened a state through cooperation with the Interoffice in Columbus. To avoid duplica- church World Movement would insure tion, it was agreed at this first annual its permanence. In June, however, the meeting that the state federation collapse of the Interch,urch Movement, should join in the program of the In- due to causes that had no relation to terchurch Movement, with tbe latter the local situation in Ohio, threatened movement financing the work at least to carry with the national organizain the beginning and with an execu- tion into the wreckage the state ortive officer representing the two or- ganization as well and to wipe out the ganizations jointly. Ohio leaders' glowing hopes for a per- manent state-wide program of inter- With the state-wide rural church survey already under way as the basis of a constructive rural church program, the Interchurch program was in harmony with the plans on which the

METHODS FOR WORKERS

denominational cooperation. Such a the Federation was held in October, result would have made it impossible 1920, the steps taken by the executive to build up a new state federation for committee were approved and a statemany years to come, and in addition wide cooperative program, supported would have rendered almost worthless from within the state, was definitely the great volume of work already launched. In recognition of the need done on the rural church survey, for building up intelligent interest in which had been carried further for- interdenominational cooperation among ward in Ohio than in any other state. the ministers and the influential lay- men of the state, intensive educational The situation called for heroic ac- work was emphasized. tion; the Ohio leaders suddenly found themselves without financial resources The survey was pushed to compleand facing the dilemma of either dis- tion (Ohio being the only state that continuing the work at once or of go- succeeded in finishing the survey being forward with such financial sup- gun under Interchurch auspices, alport as could be developed within the though twenty states had voted to go state at once. As the secretary re- ahead with it after the Interchurch marked in his annual report the fol- movement ceased). A county conferlowing autumn, the Federation "was ence of church leaders was held in each in the position of being thrown into of fifty counties during this first year mid-ocean without a life preserver and of independent operation, to discuss told to sink or swim." the findings and the local program to be based on the survey. During. the Called together hastily to face the following year such conferences were situation, the executive committee held in all of the remaining counties voted that the work must go on, asked of the state. the cooperating denominations to contribute on a basis of one cent per At these conferences in the first two member toward a budget for the first years, 64 of the 88 county groups year and instructed the secretary and voted to organize county federations the survey supervisor to proceed at of churches. Later experiences demonce to raise funds to continue the onstrated, however, that it is difficult, work in the emergency. if not impossible, to maintain an effec- tive, permanent local church federa- The difficulties in the way were tion without paid leadership, and that great – far greater, it may be re- an employed executive must be submarked, than those which are en- sidized from some source during the countered in an effort to launch a first year or two of his work, before state council of churches today. In he can develop sufficient local resources the first place, the acceptance of re- to maintain the program. These facts sponsibility for completing the survey have operated to prevent the realizamade it necessary to raise a budget tion as yet of the early plans for the much larger than the ordinary opera-' development of local church councils or tions of a state council of churches federations, but the action of the would require, and secondly, this county conferences was highly sigmoney had to be raised in the face of nificant at the time as an indication a prevailing industrial depression and of the growth of the spirit of interof a widespread reaction of public denominational cooperation among the sentiment against interdenominational church people of the state. work, which followed the failure of the Interchurch Movement. Despite Another important step of the openthese obstacles, however, the imme- ing year was the calling of the denomdiate emergency following the stop- inational executives of the state to page of Interchurch support was met, two state comity conferences, in which and plans were laid for the contin- the survey findings were considered, uance of the work. with special reference to communities found to be overchurched or under- When the second annual meeting of 4

churched. Definite "Principles of consolidations upon requests received Comity" were adopted in these meet- from local communities. ings as a guide to the promotion of local church consolidations as a means The united influence of the churches of securing adequate religious leader- is being exerted through the Council ship for all communities. in matters of legislation, law enforce- ment and public policy in relation to A state Pastors' Convention was moral issues. The annual Pastors' held in this opening year and was ac- Convention attracts more than one cepted as an annual feature of the thousand ministers of twenty or more Federation's work; it has since be- denominations to Columbus each J ancome perhaps the most important uary for a week of conference and single item in the program, from the fellowship. A comprehensive program standpoint of its value in developing of cooperative evangelism. carried out the consciousness of fellowship and over a period of several years, demon- Christian unity among the ministers strates the value of cooperative effort of the state. in this field of religious work. A pub- lication, the Ohio Christian News, has An active publicity program w~s been established and is now in its launched. An annual summer school seventh year, reaching all of the 4,500 for rural pastors was established. Protestant ministers in the state and Personal contacts were made with some 5,000 influential laymen. many laymell of means and influence, to win their support for the work. All of this increased activity has The cooperative program was pre- brought an increase in the budget, sented in addresses at many denomina- but increased income has more than tional meetings. At the close of this balanced this increased expense. Supyear of intensive pioneer activity, the ported by a steadily growing body of secretary was able to say in his re- Christian men and women who see in port at the annual meeting of October, cooperation, Protestantism's only hope 1921: for real progress in building the King- dom in this Twentieth Century, the As compared with the past year, the Ohio Council of Churches looks to the outlook for the future of the Federation future in a spirit of optimism and is exceedingly bright. We face the new hope. year with sentiment very much in our favor as compared with a year ago. The "HOW ONE CITY DID IT" financial outlook is also very encouraging.

Since these early years the program The story of the origin and deof the Ohio Council of Churches has velopment of the Woman's Department gradually expanded, .enlisting a stead- of the Washington Federation of ily increasing amount of interest from Churches may be of interest and value the church people of the state. Many to those in other cities. This narraof the seventeen denominations that tive is necessarily brief and incomare now members of the Council are plete, yet it may offer helpful sugcontributing to the work on a basis gestions to others. Of course we of three cents per member annually. understand that each city must deter- More than two thousand individuals mine for itself the type of organizaof many denominations are contribut- tion which shall be effected and the ing. An effective educational program program of its work; at the same in the interest of world peace has been time the experience of others with the developed. Interdenominational wom- same objectives is always useful. en's work is being fostered on a large scale. More than ninety consolidated Our local Federation was organized churches are in existence in the state early in 1920 after months of earnest and a field worker is giving full time work. No immediate effort was made to aiding in the formation of other to develop specific activities for wom- en, other items requiring attention

METHODS FOR WORKERS

during the early years of its existence. that such an organization was needed However, its officers soon felt that in order to serve the needs of national there were numerous opportunities bodies of women holding their meet- for constructive service in fields ings in Washington, as they so fre- which only women could fill, or where quently do. In connection with the they could work more successfully. former there has been held each year Consequently this subject was a mat- a Missionary Institute in which women ter of thoughtful consideration con- from many denominations have coop- stantly. So in 1923 some of the erated. The speakers and teachers leaders began to discuss the possibility have been drawn from the various of an organized effort which would communions and its influence has been enlist the church women of the Wash- unusually fine. The Annual Day of ington area in cooperative undertak- Prayer has also drawn together a ings. After seeking advice from large attendance. The Department numerous quarters the President and has affiliated with the Council of Wom- the Executive Secretary invited six en for Home Missions and the Federa- or eight leading women, all active mis- tion of Woman's Boards of Foreign sionary workers, to a conference. At Missions. In connection with the latter this time the entire situation was gone item very effective service has been over in detail and it was the unani- rendered such gatherings as the For- mous feeling that the time was ripe eign Missions Conference, the Na- to effect an organization. During the tional Conference on Law Enforce- months following, interviews were ment, the Conference on the Cause and held with numerous other sympathetic Cure of War and similar meetings.

women of prominence in the local Our women set up strong committees churches. Finally it was decided to on arrangements for each of these and set up a Woman's Department in the have given service which was consid- Federation of Churches as an integral ered to be of great value to these na- part of that body. The Executive tional organizations.

Committee of the Federation adopted Beginning on a small scale with a this policy, asking the women leaders goal of 300 members, each one con- already mentioned to confer further tributing at least $1.00, the Depart- about details. ment has grown to its present strength In due time, early in 1924, an or- of almost 2,000. Early in its history ganization was completed including a the officers felt that there was a large president, four vice-presidents, a sec- field of opportunity at the Juvenile retary and a treasurer. Such commit- Court. The Federation had just de- tees were to be appointed as appeared termined to place a worker there for necessary for the proper promotion of full time and the women agreed to its work, and chairmen of these to be become responsible for her salary of members of the Executive Committee. $1,800. This they have paid for three When the arrangement was acted years and a half. Each year there is upon favorably by the Federation these an annual ingathering which is called officers and chairmen automatically "The Festival of Flowers" to which became members of the Executive the women from more than 100 con- Committee of that body also. gregations come with the funds that There were two important reasons they have gathered through special in the minds of those interested for efforts during the preceding month.

initiating such an organization in our Each denomination has a particular city. The first was the unquestioned flower as its own for that year. Money fact that there was much local work has been secured from individuals, to be done which could not be accom- Bible classes and various societies, the plished successfully by the women in contributing organizations now num- individual churches or even in entire bering 40 or 50. This Annual Meeting denominations alone. The second was. is a great event and attended by hun-

dreds of women. This year the ad- for united prayer and concerted acdress was delivered by Bishop Wm. F. tion. A firm foundation has now been McDowell. After the session is over made for what we trust will be a futhe flowers are taken to patients in ture of great service in the nation's the hospitals by the Federation's Hos- capital for the church of Christ and pital Worker. the Kingdom of our God.

A quotation from the annual report MRS. WILLIAM L. DARBY, of Mrs. Harvey S. Irwin, President of the Department, will show the spirit Chairman of the Committee on Governof the undertaking better than any ment and Legislation of the Federation words from me: of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America. "A growing organization, a deepening interest in a steadily enlarging A SCRAP ABOUT SCRAPBOOKS field of opportunity and responsibility; a successful venture in interdenomina- No other gift so certainly reflects tional friendship, a 'Straight Way To- and manifests the personal qualities of ward Tomorrow'-this is the story of the giver (provided the giver be also the Woman's Department. the maker) as a scrapbook. There can, of course, be a mechanical ar- "We organized with definite obliga- rangement by which pictures at rantions the enforcement of law, the dom and quotations and excerpts necessity for.a growing knowledge of haphazard are pasted on pages; mere the needs of the world through mis- agglomerations, without plan or form; sionary education, the betterment of an unintelligent method which indithe under-privileged and neglected cates a mechanical and unintelligent children through the maintenance mind. Most of them, however, start and ministry of a Juvenile Court with some evident intent even if its Worker. We have met these obliga- early abandonment shows infirmity of tions; we have lived up to our privi- purpose or exhaustion of materialleges and opportunities in many lines and the latter seems to imply the of Christian endeavor, yet we have not former, for who, intending to build a accomplished all that we desired; tower or fill a scrapbook, "sitteth not newer and other tasks await us. down first and counteth the cost, whether he have sufficient to finish "We have cured some cases of 'spir- it?" itual near-sightedness'; we have shown others the beauty of the flowers This was written to express the in our interdenominational garden; pleasure given by an unusually exceland all of us have a larger horizon, a lent scrapbook. The raw materials deeper faith, a clearer vision than we were an old prayer book, an old had five years ago. This is due to our hymnal, such as would be given for cooperative thinking and cooperative the asking by any church, a score or ministry. two of Perry pictures, and a number of strips of tasteful, illuminated "The Woman's Department feels a border cut, I fancy, from some old tremendous responsibility in bringing calendar. not only to every denomination, but to every church, the spirit and material The plan was simple; it consisted value of cooperative service." in appending pictures of the great events of our Lord's life, to the Gos- During these five years our Wash- pels for the days when those events ington church women have become a are commemorated, and an appropriate growing fellowship cemented together selection of hymns. I can think of no by united action for common purposes. more excellent way of utilizing the The spirit of isolation is disappearing broken-backed, coverless, mutilated fast and they find an increasing de- books that collect in the vestry rooms light in giving themselves to the serv- of churches; it gives them a new ice of our common Master in connec- .lease of life. tion with the great causes which call

METHODS FOR WORKERS

Besides the great events of the Membership: Pose Naomi, Ruth Christian year many incidents were and Little Samuel; read your adult, illustrated. Under Hoffman's picture Y. P., and Junior reports from their of Christ blessing little children was simply draped, inexpensive Hebraic the hymn, I think when I read that costumes. sweet story of old, so appropriate that the picture must have suggested the Southern Work: Two persons, one hymn to the writer unless the hymn to represent the mountain work, the suggested the picture to the painter. other the Negro work; read report Under Plockhorst's "Good Shepherd" from their dresses. was set The King of Love my Shepherd is, while underneath Holman Missionary Boxes: Person dressed Hunt's great picture of Christ, the as a box. Facts pasted on sides. Light of the World, was pasted the hymn that most certainly was sug- Literature: One dressed as a leaflet gested by that picture, 0 Jesus, Thou and covered with leaflets. Items atart standing outside the fast closed tached. door. Temperance: One dressed in blue It is all so perfectly obvious when crepe-paper covered with white bows it is done-so appropriate as to be ob- tied as W. C. T. U. badge. Items vious. Yet when 0 Sacred Head sur- pasted on. rounded by crown of piercing thorn, is put beneath Guido Reni's represen- This idea may .be developed for any tation of that subject, both picture line of report. It has been used most and verses gain in poignancy. Abide effectively. Be sure that your presenwith me, fast fulls the eventide, placed tation is dignified and factful. beneath Hoffman's "Journey to Emmaus" showed a high sense of inter- SING IT-CHILDREN-SING IT pretation. What?-"All the World," words by It is the personal element that counts in the value of a scrapbook; Harry Webb Farrington, M;'sic , working on a worthwhile scrapbook develops the soul of the worker. Why by Rob Roy Peery not begin at once a "Scrapbook Campaign" in Sunday-schools, missionary In the judgment of the editor of societies, religious education classes, this department, this hymn of world among old and young, with the ends friendship for children will captivate in view of developing ourselves, and your juniors in Sunday school, in misof having great numbers of helpful sion band and in religious education and lovely scrapbooks as Christmas class. Just try it and see the result. gifts for Home and Foreign Mission If you wish other copies order from, Fields by November 1, 1929! Hymn Cycle, Room 710, 150 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y., 5c per copy; $2 per 100. (See page 550.) Its spiritual content and its psychol- ogy are correct; this can be truly said of but few missionary hymns.

A WAY TO MAKE THE USUAL NEW BOOKS AND STUDY MISSIONARY REPORT LIVE MATERIALS Mrs. A. N. Blackford, a reader of 1929-1930 this magazine, has asked for suggestions as to how to make a "Re- For a full description of these books port" live. and study materials for all grades write to your own Board or to the Mis- Mission Study; Dress a fine looking sionary Education Movement, 150 young woman as a book. On her Fifth Avenue, New York. See also crepe-paper dress paste the items the department "Books Worth Readwhich you wish .to report; read them ing" in our June issue for general from the dress. notice.-Editor.

All the World R.Rv!' lY 1 M ()f ORlf) "KIF I I I fOR J~ lOR"

Cbu Ami -l :fn:.. to-<1&y, To spr~ad a won-drous feast; The to-day, And brought me won-drolls gamea j The … f: to-day,Theirpraise aDd gifts to bring; In ., I …. . t: • . …

• f .. . €.if .'

ship and planes in bright .r-ray Brought gifh from "est and east; play-mates strange had nought to ay, Nor told th~ir stran- g(r names; ev – 'ry tongue to SlUg LUld pray And wor – sI1;;> Je – sus, King. ,-. …. . t!. . . f , .. . 1", , ~I. . .. ,. t; •1 . s :: i i· • .. .. :. :. L .." , ;. :I:–:r . .

; . l: . .. ;-J -=] l .t , E … .. I '. -, ~a: « •1 In – dia,spice; from Chi – na, t.. a, My ta – blehigh to filii Each That all could laugh and play like rue, Soft, war n were heart lind h3nd, His .as the Wise Men. rid ing far, To find Hmlin oue place; .. 1 . . .. .. ~' J. .•. J … ..t ~ s " .)i :,. " ~~ U , J .. –.. — '" ::t ~ ~ ·ta of good-will. • ev – 'ry land. ~v – 'ry r ceo in peace to me A to – ken a ring strong as could be Of fflends from it, com – ing where we are, Binds hearts of ,,,,,:…,:.0, "

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York SEVENTY-SIX YOUNG PEOPLE OF' HASKELL INSTITU'l'E WHO WERE RECEIVED 'INTO PROTESTANT CHURCHES AT EAS'l'ER THIS YEAR ECHOES FROM AN INDIAN These facts with many others afford SCHOOL a great opportunity for the Christian This has been one of the most suc- churches today. They stand as a defcessful years that Haskell Institute, inite challenge in the adventure of the Indian school located at Lawrence, developing Christian leadership. The Kansas, has ever experienced. Mr. A. Indians as a race will become what A. Van Sickle, who is serving in an their leaders make them. Therefore, interdenominational capacity as direc- it is imperative that the Christian tor of religious education writes as forces avail themselves of every opfollows: portunity to develop Indian Christian leaders. Evidently there is no better "This year there has been advance- place to do this than at Haskell and ment along all lines, especially is this other Indian schools. Here we have true in the development of individual the pick of the Indian young people. responsibility and initiative. The fact Why not concentrate our efforts in the that about 170 applicants who applied training of these young people that for admission to Haskell were rejected they may lead their own race into the this last fall, because of lack of room, Church and help establish God's Kingnot only indicates that Indian young dom in America and throughout the people are seeking educational advan- world? tages but also that Haskell is becoming a more selective school. Coupled A NEW DAY FOR THE AMERICAN with this is the fact that higher edu- INDIAN cational standards are continually being set up. The emphasis now is By HELEN M. BRICKMAN, bein,g placed on the senior high school and junior college departments. This Dircctar, Indian W'ork) Home Missions Conn.. is the second year for the high school cil and Council oj Women lor Home to be accredited by the state, also the Missions second year of junior college work. There are 81 graduates from the high A new day has dawned in the life of the North American Indian. The American public has finally awakened to the fact that neither are all of the school department, and 27 from the Indians dead nor is their problem a junior college this year." matter of past history.

551

President Hoover, recognizing the splendid work done by many of the need for more adequate government government employees. Through the service to the Indians, has called to years the government has frequently the office of Indian Commissioner, Mr. changed its methods of dealing with Charles J. Rhoads, a Christian gentle- the Indian people to correspond with man, a Quaker; one who through the ideas current in the country at training, experience and interest is large. highly fitted for this position. Mr. Rhoads was president of the Indian The survey sets forth certain fun- Rights Association as was his father damental principles which must be foland has been associated with many lowed in the future if the Indian is to important social institutions and re- be dealt with intelligently, with jusligious organizations. tice and genuine human sympathy. Following are some of the general What more strategic time than the conclusions reached. present for the churches to restudy the situation among the Indians as it ex- The whole problem is said to be ists today, to review their work among "fundamentally educational." Therethis race, to redefine objectives and fore, the Indian service should be to rethink methods! The government made primarily educational, fitting the is taking a great forward step, the Indian "either to merge into the social Church will surely do no less. and economic life of the prevailing civilization as developed by the whites The stage has been most auspicious- or to live in the presence of that civly set for Mr. Rhoads and for a new ilization at least in accordance with a order in the Indian world by the find- minimum standard of health and deings and recommendations set forth cency." In all the work of the Indian in a survey which was recently com- service "the primary question should pleted by the Institute for Govern- be how is the Indian to be trained so ment Research and written up in a that he will do this for himself." volume called "The Problem of Indian Administration." This report is prob- A real program of adult education ably the most thorough and authori- is needed. The Indian farmers need tative study of the need of the Indian to learn better methods, other vocaservice that has ever been made. tions should be opened to those desir- ing them, a campaign should be The staff making the survey was carried on to eliminate illiteracy, and composed of ten specialists under the they should be taught independence direction of Mr. Lewis Meriam. It and reliance upon their own efforts. included specialists in law, health, sociology, education and agriculture. Community plans of social life for There was one Indian adviser, Mr. Indians are needed since nothing has Henry Roe Cloud, President of the been substituted for the old tribal or- American Indian Institute, a man ganization. "Most superintendents of widely known and respected both reservations and agency employees among Indians and their friends. A generally do not understand the funyear was spent in making the survey. damental educational principle that the Indian must learn to do things In reading the survey it must be for himself even if he makes mistakes remembered that no attempt has been in the effort." made to point out progress. The time allotted to the survey staff was too About 83% of the Indian children brief to enable them to make a study are in boarding schools and" yet they of the advance from earlier days to are operated quite frequently "below the present. The aim has therefore any reasonable standard of health and been to compare the present state of decency." The personnel of these affairs with" an ideal which we still schools is not sufficiently well trained, fall short of attaining in society at the course of study prepared originallarge. The survey staff recognizes the ly in 1915 is now "very much in need of revision." Too much industrial

work is performed by the students, Three broad recommendations are not enough vocational work is done made in regard to health work: "(1) and there needs to be much more thor- the personnel in health work for the ough training in physical education. Indians should be materially strength- The program of religious education ened both in respect to numbers and among the Indians has· not been so qualifications; (2) an adequate pub- successful as it might have been be- lic health program should be inaug- cause the religious organizations have urated and special emphasis on not used the methods which have been prevention …… ; (3) the whole re- most successful elsewhere. Poor types gime at the Indian boarding schools of workers have frequently been sent should be revised to make them insti- to the reservations and many mission- tutions for developing health."

aries have been unable to "connect Bad economic conditions are gener- religion with Indian life in any real al even in tribes with large potential way." Missionary work among the resources. They have lost much of the Indians is still usually "purely evan- old Indian culture without having gelistic." fully assimiliated white standards.

A special educational program For the most part the Indians are should be adopted for each particular very poor. The survey states that the group of Indians with whom the serv- "standard of living is often almost ice works. It must consider the atti- unbelievably low. Almost nothing is tude, wishes and culture of the In- spent for shelter and firewood and dians, their degree of advancement, very little for clothing and food.

their economic opportunities and their Many homes were visited where there relationship to the white communities. was almost no food on hand. Many It must be designed to facilitate the Indians are just above the famine lev- passage of the Indians from the status el and if anything goes wrong, they of wards of the nation to that of full- must go without or fall back upon fledged citizens of the State and local government rations."

government where they are, whether One of the most important occupa- they be separated in self-governing tions among the Indians is some form Indian units or merged in general, of agriculture. In a few tribes native local governmental units. crafts are of real economic importance.

The activities of the national gov- In all but a very few they have almost ernment for promoting health among disappeared. "It is difficult to see the Indians is at present "below a how some Indians are ever to achieve reasonable standard of efficiency." a reasonably satisfactory standard of Lack of adequate appropriations is the living in their present locations with- fundamental cause. There are too few out the fostering and developing of doctors, nurses and dentists, and low these native industries, or some adap- salaries have resulted in poorly-trained tation of these to fit modern needs."

employees. Apparently the govern- Indian family relations have suf- ment has assumed that since the In- fered through contact with whites be- dians' standard of living is low "it is cause most interracial contacts are unnecessary to supply them with fa- with whites of low standard. The pol- cilities comparable with those made icy of educating the children in board- available by states, municipalities and ing schools has on the whole had a private philanthropists for the poor- bad effect on both parents and chil- est white citizens of progressive com- .dren. "In so far as the government munities." has sacrificed real and vital adult ed- Indians are particularly susceptible ucation at home to the formal educa- to tuberculosis and tracoma. It is es- tion of children in institutions, it has timated that about one Indian in every handicapped a primitive people in ten has tuberculosis, either active or their development."

arrested. One of the most constructive feC-

ommendations of the survey for the the same way as our activities for aid of the Commissioner of Indian white church members." It is believed Affairs in the reorganizing of the In- that a much broader and varied prodian Service and in the developing of gram is needed in order to develop this broader educational program, is the native Indian leadership which is concerned with the employment of a necessary and to bring about the selflarger group of technically trained determination and support of the Inspecialists and the creation of a pro- dian churches. fessional and scientific Division of Planning and Development. "The objective of the great mission- aries of the past was the preservation Throughout the report attention is of the deep reverence and faith in the called to the inability of the Service divine and unseen so characteristic of to function effectively because of lack the Indian. In great patience and of funds. The "poverty of the Indian hope they waited for the processes of Service" is mentioned again and again. education to eradicate superstition. The Indian Service "is a'starved serv- They accorded a high place to the race ice" is reiterated in almost every chap- which under the inspiration of its own ter. The annual appropriations for religion found no place in its vocabuthe Indian Service are now approxi- lary to curse the Great Spirit and no mately $15,000,000. At least $10,000,- room in its philosophy to doubt the ·000 additional will be needed for some existence of God. What these men and years if the service is to reach a rea- women gave the Indian race was a sonable standard of efficiency. new and lofty conception of the Great Spirit. They taught the Indians to The outstanding need in missionary dispense with magic …… Without activities is cooperation between the question this policy of toleration was government and the missionaries and in great part due to their mastery of between the different denominations the native Indian language. With this working in the field. 'The survey rec- language medium they could sound the ommends the creation of a "national depth of the currents of Indian life. advisory council composed of represen- With understanding sympathy and as tatives of each of the churches engaged master builders they could lead their in mission work among the Indians." converts out into a comprehensive Through this council the government faith without the loss of all the treasand the churches could work out mu- ures of their Indian inheritance." tual problems and it would also coordinate the work of the churches. We need to remember that through the years an Indian leadership has Denominational rivalries present been slowly developing. Today this the same serious problems in work for leadership is rapidly increasing; 2,000 the Indians as in the foreign fields. of the present employees in the gov- Some of the missionary activities the ernment schools are Indians. The ressurvey staff considers are "of an ex- ervations are breaking up and many tremely high order," particularly some of the most advanced Indian people of the mission schools, but it is sug- are coming to the towns and cities and gested that missionary work should making a place for themselves among be restricted to "work that can be the general population. Thus increasadequately supported and for which ingly there is developing a group of high standards of personnel can be Indians who understand "both the Inmaintained." The work of the mis- dian and the white way." Perhaps it sions, like that of the government, will be well to remember that new has had too little effect on the home light on these problems may be found and family life of the Indians. "The through a consideration of the thinkmissionaries, it seems, have placed ing and desires of the Indian leaders their main reliance for reaching the regarding the advancement of their adult Indian upon the traditional own people. church activities conducted in much

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York JERUSALEM AND WASHINGTON economic interests shall be, not the master, but the servant, of civiliza- The International Missionary Coun- tion. He will recognize the truth of cil at Jerusalem after a careful study the words, 'There is no wealth but under the direction of Bishop Francis life,' and will judge different forms of J. McConnell and with the expert ad- economic activity, not merely by their vice of Mr. R. H. Tawney, of the Lon- success in increasing riches, but by don School of Economics, adopted a the degree to which they foster a statement concerning the Christian Christian character and way of life Mission in Relation to Industrial among all members of the human Problems in Asia and Africa from family….. which we quote: (Vol. V-Pages 141, "It is essential that governments 146.). concerned with undeveloped areas should apply to them the knowledge "T h e International Missionary gained by a century of experience of Council desires to preface its report the measures needed to prevent ecoon industrial conditions by asserting, nomic and social injustice, and in parwith all the power at its command, its ticular that they should: conviction that the Gospel of Christ contains a message, not only for the in"gStfooprceadt olnacbeorthbeyprcaocmtipcaenioefs eomrplporyi– l·ndl·vl·dual souls, but for the world of vate individuals, and also, except in cases social organization and economic re- of immediate and unforeseen national lations in which individuals live. emergency, by public authorities." Christ came that men might have life, and might have it more abundantly. In harmony with these recommenda- When He wept over Jerusalem, He tions, the Foreign Missions Conferlamented the spiritual ruin, not merely ence of North America and the of an individual, but of a whole so- Federation were active in urging that ciety …. His followers have learned the Senate of the United States ratify that they cannot love God unless they the Slavery Convention of the League also love their fellow men with a love of Nations. On February 25, 1929, that transcends differences of race and the Senate did ratify this convention. class and economic position …. It is President Coolidge signed it as one their task to seek with the help of of his last acts in office and the docu- His spirit to realize love with ever- ment was deposited in Geneva, March increasing fulness, not merely in their 21st. Thus for the first time the own hearts, but in their social order, United States has ratified a League of in their political relations, and in the Nations convention and has regularly daily transactions of the factory and deposited its ratification with the the market-place. League Secretariat.

"Approaching the problems of social One of the most important decisions life in such a spirit, the Christian will . of the International Missionary Coun- welcome the triumphs of science and cil at Jerusalem was to provide a technical skill by which the resources Bureau of Research that will make which God has given to His children careful study and supply reliable have been made more fully available information to missionary organiza- for the service of all. But he will re- tions. Such a Bureau will be useful in gard material wealth as an instrument, proportion as its findings are studied not as an end …. He will desire that and acted upon. Each individual in- 555

terested in missions can help to form to honor today began her life as a a right public opinion by first of ail missionary bride in India, in the Mad- getting the facts, talking about them, ras Presidency, later returning, a wid- and acting upon them. ow with two small children.

The careful studies made by the For some years she served as sec- International Labor Organization, retary to her own Mission Board, represented at J erusaIem by Harold leaving that position to make another A. Grimshaw, may be had from the Christian home.

World Peace Foundation, 40 Mt. Ver- In 1911 she became the great leader non Street, Boston.. The report on of the jubilee of Foreign Mission Forced Labor made to the Interna- Boards, when like a whisper of God, tional Labor Conference (Twelfth a wave of missionary enthusiasm Session, May-June, 1929) "is a study swept over the country from coast to of the regulations of mandatory, coast-because of this woman's influcolonial and local governments in ence, so magnetic and direct.

many portions of the world where For nearly thirty years the Chair- forced labor exists as a system or may man of the Central Committee on he necessary in emergencies. It shows United Study of Foreign Mouisrsimoinss~iaolnl what efforts are made to prevent the the girls and women in abuse of this expedient and its lapse study classes are rising up to call her into conditions of virtual slavery. blessed.

Representing years of systematic re- As a lover of little children she is search and careful weighing of the delightfully revealed in that inimita- material collected, the report un- ble magazine for girls and boys, Everyland, and also in the series of doubtedly foreshadows the elimination of slavery and forced labor throughout fascinating booklets for little children. the inhabited world. The Conference discussion of this report is prelimi- It is impossible to do justice in a nary to adoption of an international convention on forced labor." few words to this charming personal- The Council's statement concludes ity, the boundless vision, indomitable as follows: (V01. V-Page 151): "The spirit of good ~iIl and sympathy, ab- Council believes that it is the duty of Christians…. not merely to state the solute ·consecratlOn and keen sense of general principles of the Christian faith, but to make clear their applica- humor possessed by that great soul tion to the problems of human life which arise in the mission field. The and our friend whom we love to call Council calls on all who have felt the "dear Mrs. Peabody." power of the Christian message to join with it. in prayer for a clearer She walks the road of the Loving vision of the meaning of the tasks which the service of their Master im- Heart, hand in hand with the Lord poses upon them in their social and economic relations, and for the grace Jesus, whom she delights to serve in by which these tasks may be more hopefully undertaken." all the ways a woman of her versatile gifts could imagine possible, and in- deed she often accomplishes what the world deems impossible.

The buildings in China, India and Japan, known as the Women's Union Christian Colleges of the Orient the suggestion of which seemed Iik~ the "baseless fabric of a dream," are to- day the lasting proof of her vision courage and steadfast purpose. '

THE WOMAN WE ALL LOVE: Through the National Committee MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY on Law Enforcement, her victorious campaign in the political arena seems An appreciation adopted by The like another dream come true. Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America. It was through her persistent ef- forts that the Women's Boards of For- The gracious lady wliom we delight eign Missions learned to cooperate in

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

the Triennial Conferences which fin- America and entered the University ally developed into this Federation of of Michigan where she completed the Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions work for the degree of Doctor of Phiof North America. losophy in the department of Biology.

We thank God for Mrs. Peabody While in this country Dr. Wu had and earnestly pray that her life may wide and varied contacts. She was be spared for many years in His serv- President of the Chinese Students' orice. ganization in America, and is conse- quently well known among returned Respectfully submitted, students in China. She addressed the MRS. ERNEST A. EVANS, Federation of Woman's Boards of For- eign Missions in Atlantic City in Jan- MRS. HOWARD WAYNE SMITH, uary, 1928. She was present at the meeting of the Association of Ameri- MRS. DEWITT KNOX, can Colleges in 1928, and later visited colleges in the east and middle west. Committee. Dr. Wu carries to her new task MISS YI FANG WU Ph.D marked ability, thorough academic preparation, deep devotion to her Alma President Ginling College, Nanking, Mater, and a strong conviction as to China the place and importance of Christian education in China. "If the cause of Fifteen years ago a president of a Christian education is not worth dycollege for women in China was ing for, what is 1" wrote one of the elected. The college had no land, no group of the Ginling alumnre who buildings, no faculty, no students, no risked life and reputation to save the curriculum-nor yet a name! These college during the summer of 1927. were only dreams-and faith and hope This was quoted by Dr. Wu in her and love out of which have come "the public addresses, and expresses the things that are seen" today. spirit and purpose with which she as- sumes her new duties in Nanking. Ginling is one of the oriental colleges for women planned, brought in- One present at the inauguration of to being and carried on through the President Wu at Nanking, November cooperation of Christian women- 3, 1928, writes: women of Europe, Asia and North America. Many have labored and sac- "Mme. Chiang Kai Shek, wife of rificed but perhaps it is to the en- the head of the Nationalist Governthusiasm, determination and untiring ment, was present and spoke briefly, efforts of Mrs. Henry W. Peabody that making a plea for and expressing a we owe as much as to anyone person faith in woman's part in the reconthis successful cooperation. struction of China.

The first oriental woman to become The new president's address was a the head of one of these colleges was brief, clear-cut, forceful statement on Miss Tetsu Yasui, Litt. D., president the purpose of the college. She deof the Woman's Christian College, clared it to be the object of Ginling to Tokyo. Recently in China another preserve the best in the life and culoriental woman accepts the leadership ture of the old China and at the same of one of these colleges-Ginling, at time to do its full part in meeting the Nanking. When it became evident needs of a new day. The address that the administration of education- throughout had a strong note of Chrisal work in China should be in the tian courage and faith. hands of Chinese the Ginling College Board of Control, faculty and alumnre If there are those in whose minds turned to Dr. Yi Fang Wu. the Christian missionary enterprise in China needs an apologetic, provided Dr. Wu is an experienced teacher their minds are open to argument, having been head of the English De- Ginling College alone is sufficient." partment in the Higher Normal School for Girls in Peking for a number of years. In 1922 she came to

AMERICA sions a year. This program is

along almost simultaneously with the Foreign Students' ·Challenge Five-Year Program of the Home Mis- sions Council. ATOTAL of 9,113 students from foreign countries, registered in Increased Presbyterian Gifts 428 institutions of 47 states, represent a challenge in opportunity which the THE Board of Foreign Missions of churches of America cannot possibly the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., overlook. The Friendly Relations which began the fiscal year (April 1, Committee of the Student Y. M. C. A. 1928) with an accumulated deficit of reports that China leads in the Orien- $293,000, is rejoicing over the fact tal group with 1,203, Japan having that the year has been closed with the 814 and India 208. Germany leads deficit paid and the budget requirethe European groups with 360. ments met. Receipts from living donors increased $153,117.67 over A decrease in the number of stu- those of the preceding year. Since dents who come from China, is prob- 1924 such gifts have shown a decrease ably on account of the rising costs in, of $120,000, whereas for the twenty America, as well as because of the years preceding the gifts from the progress in liberal arts education in churches had shown an annual aver- China and the low cost of living in age increase of 10%. Now again there Germany, France and Belgium, whose is an upward trend. In the last three governments have been making special days of the fiscal year the Board reefforts to attract Oriental students. ceived $259,381, a gain of $127,579 over the same period in the previous Churches throughout the country year. located near educational institutions where these students are enrolled Special efforts to reawaken interest should show friendliness in terms of in Foreign Missions have met with hospitality to demonstrate the inner gratifying success, though the invalues of the Christian life, this is of crease in gifts was only 3.8% on total greater value than reams of argu- receipts from living donors. ments. The work of Christian representatives abroad could be lightened There was a cut of $83,000 in the if the students returning from this work in the various mission fields and country carried back a favorable im- in the administrative and promotional pression of American Christianity. work of the Board. The income of United Presbyterian Anniversary $104,000 from the Harkness bequest, the increase in gifts of $153,117, and T HEIR 75th anniversary will come reduced expenditures of $196,329, in 1933. The Home Mission Board, largely in the support of missionaries now called the Board of American whose number decreased by 38, all Missions of the United Presbyterian helped to achieve the gratifying re- Church, Dr. R. A. Hutchison, General suIt. This means that the cut made a Secretary, is planning to organize in year ago can now be restored and rethe five-year period 150 new congre- lief can be given to the reduced numgations in the presbyteries which will ber of missionaries on the field whose mean an average of thirty new mis- strength has been sorely taxed.

558

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

"Three Fold Movement" tween three and four preaching points in each. It will be seen, therefore, AN INDEX of the growing religious that the United Church of Canada has occupied new home mission territory fifraternizing of East and West is within two years at more than 1,000 the so-called "Three Fold Movement," points in Canada. the aim of which is to promote peace; and racial, cultural and religious Devolution in the American Board unity. This movement, already active in New York, Boston, Philadel- SE CRE TARY WILLIAM E. phia, London and Dublin, expects to STRONG says that "nearly twoorganize groups in Chicago, Washing- thirds of the Board's missionaries are ton, Baltimore and the south, then to now working where the change has establish branches in Europe. come from the dominance of the mis- sion to the administration of the or- Still more concrete is the plan of ganized church; that is to say, four the India Society of America to estab- hundred out of the six hundred and lish an Indian center near Columbia twenty-eight (full time, life appoint- University, comparable to other cul- ment) missionaries are working under tural homes established by Italians these changed conditions. And by the and Germans. This Society was American Board's annual report for founded in 1924. As early as 1500 1927, $987,000 out of $1,457,000 was Akbar, Mogul emperor, agreed that spent in fields where this transfer of India is especially fitted to lead in re- power is under way." Most of this ligious tolerance. He said, "Whatever change has come to pass in the last be thy religion, associate with those ten or twelve years.-The Congregawho differ from thee. If thou canst tionalist. mix freely with them, and art not angered at hearing their discourse, Bible Bill Defeated thou hast attained peace, and art a veritable master of creation." THE "Bible Bill," which would make compulsory the reading of 10 verses Enthusiasts should remember, how- of Scripture daily in the public schools ever, that complete tolerance is easier of Ohio, has met defeat in the state for a polytheist or pantheist than for assembly. The fate of the bill is bea monotheist. lieved to have been sealed when a statement was presented to the com- Oanadian Home Missions mittee from John L. Clifton, education director, strenuously opposing passage I N THE United Church of Canada of the measure. "It is probable that there are 1,571 fields on the home if a compulsory law on this subject mission list- with 4,368 preaching were enacted it would not be fruitful places. This constitutes about 56 per. of better results than we now are getcent of the preaching points in the ting voluntarily," Mr. Clifton asserted. whole church. Among the religious leaders opposing the passage of the bill were Rev. M. Since the General Council meeting H. Lichliter, Rev. Ralph E. Davis and in June, 1926, 375 fields have been Rabbi Jacob Tarshish of Columbus. taken off the list of aid receiving charges, having reached the status of Thc Colored Y. M. C. A. self support. • THIS department of the association Rearrangement of fields and amal- was founded in 1853 by Anthony gamations of former competitive home Bowen, a colored man who worked in mission charges rendered possible by government service with W. Chauncey a union of the churches are responsible Langdon, the convener of the fi'rst for sixty-five charges reaching self American Convention of the Y. M. C. support during the past year alone.

Within the last two years 285 new fields have been opened by the Home Mission Board with an average of be-

A's., and founder of their first Inter- Revolution and Devolution national Committee. MORE important in its bearing on The first employed secretary of the mission work than the political colored association in Washington, D. revolution in Mexico is the devolution C., was the great leader and pioneer of the National Presbyterian Church of the colored Y. M. C. A's., Dr. Jesse of Mexico. This Church is organized E. Moorland, for many years secretary into a National Synod with three confor that department of the National stituent presbyteries. The Northern Council. The Washington Association Presbytery, which covers the territory recently celebrated the seventy-fifth north of Mexico City, for the past ten anniversary of this branch. years has received no subsidy from the American church, although it has been News From Alaska allowed the use of churches and manses originally given for the work in this MORE children are being born in area. This presbytery has directed Alaska than ever. This means and financed its own work and has increasing need for missionary effort been the strongest of the three presto meet the new age. This the Sheldon byteries composing the synod. The Jackson School at Sitka, is striving to Mexico City Presbytery, which indo through the establishment in the cludes work in the Federal District minds of young people sound principles and the states of Oaxaca and Vera of physical; mental and spiritual Cruz, has asked the mission to turn health. The erection of a new indus- over to it complete responsibility for trial building this coming summer will evangelistic work in the area, and make possible a more intensive edu- from April 1 it has relinquished any cation along those practical vocational subsidies from the Mexican Mission lines so much needed by the native and Church. Thus two of the three Alaskan, if he is to hold his own with presbyteries of the National Synod in his white neighbor. The school does Mexico have achieved the goal of the not consider its work limited to that indigenous church, having become selfof classroom teaching, or even to that supporting, self-propagating, self-govof training these young people in erning bodies.-Women and Missions. Christian ideals, but seeks to lead the entire native community toward better Seven in One Christian living, using its young people of impressionable age in this serv- AN IMPORTANT meeting, recently ice. f t held at Guayama, Porto Rico, con- Haines House is the only institution in all Southeastern Alaska to care for sidered organic union of the Baporphaned and needy children. They tist, Methodist, Disciple, Christian, are taught personal cleanliness, regu- United Brethren and Congregational lar habits, care of their rooms and Churches. Two committees were apgeneral usefulness in the home. Good pointed, one to draw up a statement reading, nature study and work in the of doctrine and discipline; the other garden have created in them an inter- to look up properties and make recomest in the great out-of-doors; and Bi- mendations as to titles, etc. The matble stories and daily talks and prayers ter is now ready to go t. the churches have made Christ real to even the and mission boards. smallest. This promising movement grows out Lack of means of transportation is of continuous cooperation for thirty a difficulty to be overcome, and aviation years. Seven leading denominations will be of increasing value. Native have developed their programs with work in Southeastern Alaska must be a view to the larger interests of the conducted by means of boats, which one essential Christian fellowship. follow the people in their migrations. They divided the territory so that each became solely responsible for the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

area assigned. The island is small an interest which has recently been and it seemed inevitable that migra- demonstrated in Rio de Janeiro also, tion from one part of the island to where a movement for the public dis- the other would eventually create in- cussion of religious questions has terdenominational problems. taken the form of a series of lectures, whereby representatives of the lead- Wisely, therefore, they organized ing religions of the world expound what is known as the Evangelical their views. Union, where accredited represent- atives sit down together and agree EUROPE upon all matters that might otherwise cause difficulties. Under the auspices Helping Distressed Miners of the Evangelical Union is published the Puerto Rico Evangelico, the official SIR Herbert Lewis reported at the organ of all the seven churches repre- annual meeting of the National sented in the organization. The effect Council of the Y. M. C. A., that many of this union effort which produces ladies were working day and night in from one institution its ministers and Welsh Y. M. C. A. centers making from one press its literature could not clothes for the distressed miners' fameasily be overstated. ilies.

New Interest, in Religion The National Council has agreed that all the Y. M. C. A's. in the dis- AMONG the indications of a rising tressed areas shall be used, wherever necessary, as distributing centers for .tl. tide of spiritual interest in South clothes and comforts.

America are two recent meetings held The Y. M. C. A. arranged for the in Buenos Aires, the very center of adoption of 500 miners' families durmaterialistic influence on the con- ing the last Christmas season, and a tinent. One was a gathering of fully number of English Y. M. C. A's. 3.000 people to honor Dr. Ricardo agreed to "adopt" certain Welsh es- Rojas, author of "El Cristo Invisible," pecially needy districts. a much discussed book, in which the following paragraph occurs: Business Dividends for Missions "Christianity has given us the per- T HE fulfilment of the sacred purfect image of a perfect life, the secret pose of a Baptist layman to dediof social and individual happiness; cate his business to the missionary and the man who accepts this secret, cause, has brought to the Baptist Misputting it to the test in his life, has sionary Society a letter and several discovered the only means of serving bank drafts which repre,sent an anonthe world and of satisfying his own ymous gift of £5,633 148. 9d. for the aspirations. I beg of Catholics not to General Fund. This is the thirteenth condemn me as a heretic and of others year in which the available profits of that they do not disdain me as super- this business have been declared as a stitious. The errors which I may have dividend for the service of the Gospel. committed in its doctrines are of far The total sum thus devoted amounts less weight than the sincerity with now to £48,857. The donor desired which I have striven to understand at first to go to the Congo as a the Christian sentiment as the inspira- missionary, but that door not being tion of life." open, he felt that God was leading him to this other way of service. A second meeting was held in the same building by Roman Catholic Lutheran World Convention authorities to celebrate "The Day of the Gospel." Although confessedly ONE of the largest international for the purpose of neutralizing the gatherings ever to assemble in "rapidly growing Protestant influ- Denmark will be held June 26 to July ence," this meeting awakened an in- 4, when the second Evangelical Luterest in the teaching of the Gospel, S

theran World Convention will be held daunted, the colporteur began to speak in Copenhagen. About 125 delegates of the Bible as the common heritage of will represent seventeen countries; all Christians and as the only book conand mission churches in India, China taining the life of our Lord written and Africa will be represented each by those who knew Him personally. by a missionary and a native. Lec- "Surely," he concluded, "the circulatures on Luther's Catechisms will be tion of such a book can do naught but entitled: good."

"What can and must the present "There is much in what you say, my generation do in education to give to son," replied the priest, "and I will the next generation the inherited faith buy one in order to see for myself of our fathers?" "The faith and con- just what it contains," and there and fession of the Church with Augsburg then, in the presence of a number of and Marburg as background," "Lu- his parishioners, he paid the price and ther's view of the world and Chris- went away with the book under his tianity," "The Lutheran church and arm. His example was infectious and social distress," and others. the people began to buy copies for themselves. "I had," says Colporteur Eugene Stock Memorial Campelo, "no small opportunity to ex- plain to them how profitably to read ACOMMITTEE of the Church Mis- the Scriptures."-Bible in the World. sionary Society (London), invites contributions for some memorial of Lutherans in North Siberia Dr. Stock's life and work. They ask for a fund of $15,000: (1) To pro- MANY will be surprised to learn mote the writing and publication from that in this remote northern field time to time of special books that there are 505 German Evangelical might include volumes of missionary churches with a membership of 108,- history and works in connection with 816. These German colonies and the Christian mission in the widest churches in the Siberian Far East sense which would require careful re- have not been enumerated in the censearch. (2) To provide a "Eugene sus. The Lutheran settlements are Stock Bursary" for young men and compact villages, with wide streets, women in training for missionary the houses being built of earth and service in the C. M. S. fields. wood. Until the separation of Church and State, the schoolhouse was also Contributions may be sent to the used as a chapel. Such Protestant General Secretary, C. M. S., Salisbury centers, are an uplifting influence for Square, E. C. 4, London, England. Christ in the midst of non-Christian surroundings.-Moody Bible Institute A Colporteur in Spain Monthly.

T HE province of Leon is one of the German Mohammedans most conservative of Spain. Frequently our colporteurs working there T HE Islam Institute in Berlin issuffer much petty persecution, and sued an order which resulted in sometimes only the exercise of great the formation of a committee of Gertact saves them from actual violence. man Moslems and was organized Jan. 7, 1929. This organization is com- One day in the town of A–, Col- posed of Moslems who are of German porteur Campelo was explaining the nationality and use the German lannature of the Scriptures to a prospec- guage and have joined the Mohamtive buyer, who held the open book in medan religion. They have subscribed his hands, when the parish priest ap- to an agreement whereby in all conpeared. Taking it from the peasant troversies between them and other he said, "The Church, our Mother, has Mohammedans, they will seek and decided that it is not convenient that you should read this book." Nothing

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

obey the advice of an Islamic tribunal. at Kajo Kaji, near the Uganda fron- All of them have adopted Arabic tier; the other farther north in names in place of their baptismal the Dinka country around Rumbeck.

names. The Uganda Mission checked the Since the establishment of the spread of Islam in Central Africa Soviet regime in Russia, many Mo- nearly fifty years ago, and now its en- hammedans have left the country. croachments through Tanganyika are Some have migrated to Esthonia, being met by reenforcements from where at present they number 250-300 Australia. The weak spot is in the souls. The number of those who re- southern Sudan, since Islam in north- moved to Finland amounts to about ern Sudan is spreading southward 950. among the pagans. This would result in government offices being filled by AFRICA Moslems, all of whom are propagan- Encouraging Growth dists of their faith. If the Christian FROM all parts of Africa come en- forces go forward now Christian men couraging news of the growth of will be trained for government servthe Christian Church,-notably from ice, and new links will be forged Nigeria, the Camerouns, the Ivory in the chain of Christian missions Coast, Nyassaland, the Congo, Ugan- throughout Africa.

da, Kavirondo, Kenya, and Angola. The Leipzig Mission has stations in The Drum Call to Church T the African Alps near Mt. Kilimand- WO hours before the morning serv- ice in the Cameroons, the people jaro. In 1927 there were 1,400 heathen baptized and at present 3,000 are begin to throng the great tent-like under instruction. Though the Chris- church building of thatch and bark tian membership is 13,000 the average and bamboo. Nearby the drum sounds attendance at church services is 15,- the call to church: "Bote bese, bOte 000. There are 11,000 children in the bese, za'an, za'an, za'an." "Everybody, 126 mission schools with 220 native everybody, everybody, come. Anyone teachers. The English Baptist Mis- who has a brother, come. Anyone who sion on the Congo has 36,928 church has a brother come. Bring your broth- members and 28,791 pupils in its 1,022 er, bring your brother. Everybody, schools. Its 14 hospitals are manned come."

by 5 physicians, 7 trained nurses, and The crowds enter the church, many 63 native assistants. These hospitals of the women with babies in the sling treated 250,466 natives last year and shoulder strap-the doe, the men most- performed 1,039 surgical operations! ly clothed neatly. By actual count, Advance in the Sudan over 5,100 were in the main church and 1,700 in an overflow meeting in T HE government at Khartum has another buildir.g; 6,800 in church at- for many years recognized the tendance that Sunday morning.-From value of Christian missions, and by The Drum Call..

a policy of grants to mission schools furthers the cause of civilization. En- The Call of Africa S circling the mission stations is a OMEONE has said, "Africa will yet be one of the brightest gems in series of "bush schools," staffed by native teachers, but under mission su- the crown of Immanuel." Today pervision. These have proved valuable there are said to be a total of eighty evangelizing centers from which boys millions of Pagans in Africa, and un- are passed to elementary instruction, der the British flag there are thirty- and are prepared for teaching in the five millions still pagan in the vernacular schools. The government continent.

is now asking the Church Missionary The Christian Church is responsible Society to open two new schools, one for the larger number. The World's

Redeemer, in His great intercessory Christ; in a region northwest of this prayer, fervently asked that "The 464 have been brought into the seven world may know that Thou hast sent churches of the synod; at the Ambo- me, and hast loved them as thou hast himanjaka church 223.

loved me." His last command was, Most remarkable of all has been the "Go ye into all the world and preach experience of the Tsarasaotra church, the Gospe1." -a flickering, feeble light in a group A large tract of country on the of villages as loathsome as any in Northern escarpment of the Mavura- heathendom. When Mr. Gale visited donna Mountains in the Upper Zam- this church eight years ago so indif- besi Valley, situated in the extreme ferent were the people that not one northern part of South Rhodesia, and came to hear him in spite of repeated adjacent to Portuguese East Africa, personal invitations. The visitation is absolutely untouched by missionary has renewed the life of this hopeless effort, and the people are steeped in church, bringing to it an addition of ignorance and superstition. over four hundred applicants for mem- Volunteers are wanted for that bership who are now under instruc- country to start mission work and tion.

open a station in this district. Apply Now, in answer to earnest prayer, to the Zambesi Industrial Mission, 11, there have been at least four thousand Chapel-street, Milton-street, London, brought into the churches of the An- E.C. jozorobe district, and the most novel Evangelizing Madagascar fact is that the work has been done by native Christians themselves.

A REMARKABLE movement for the evangelization of Madagascar WESTERN ASIA is described in World Dominion by Is Islrun Retreating?

M the Rev. Kendall Gale of the Lon- USTAPHA KEMAL is said to have concluded that "the doctrine don Society. "In our district were twenty thousarid 'adherents' and less of Islam is incompatible with reform."

than two thousand church members" Among the steps taken to reduce its and beyond this crust of nominal influence may be mentioned the abo- Christianity was the great mass of lition of the caliphate, secularization heathen. It was determined to organ- of education, adoption of monogamy, "ize a hut-to-hut visitation. All pastors of the Swiss civil code and the Italian and teachers together with two or penal code; of the Gregorian calendar tl-.i'ee leaders from each of the thirty- and of the Latin alphabet. Today, four churches were to go forth in a each mosque has but one imam, nomi- body visiting every place. The natives nated by the government and receiv- were astonished to see a hundred or ing from Angora the text of his ser- more strangers entering their village mons.

at one time. Bible reading and prayer in every house and personal conversa- Turkey Back to Normal T tion with every individual not already AKRIRI-SUKUM is a law enacted in Turkey four years ago, putting an avowed Christian was the program. What have been the results? special power in the hands of the gov- In the Isoavina district 3,177 per- ernment for a period of time, for the sons have either been received into purpose of safeguarding the National church fellowship or are in instruction Assembly and the public against in- classes on probation. Other districts trigue. This law has now been abol- report similarly encouraging results. ished, and it is interesting to note In the dark Anativolo tribe there have some of its achievements in the sta- been already 544 baptisms; in another bilization of Turkey. It was during part of the Anjozorobe district 781 this period that the final emancipation have made a definite surrender to of women from social slavery took

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

place. Except in a few cases where en with homes in the villages of the the experience of full freedom turned Lebanon.

their heads, the great majority of As the two centers under the care Turkish women, both in villages and of the Near East Committee are so in the cities, have rightly filled their different in background and environ- respective places in the family, in so- ment, it has been decided to dissolve ciety and in earning their living hon- the Near East Committee and to work orably. for the development of separate com- The separation of religion from the mittees in Syria and Turkey.-Y. M.

state and politics was also achieved. C. A. Ne10s Service.

Citizens are left free in their beliefs and consciences, and their faith is A MOJlleD1 Bible Picture T freed from the entanglements of tem- HE attitude of Moslems to the Christian message is undergoing a poral affairs. As no one would be able to interfere with the beliefs and wor- great change. The political upheav- ship of any citizen, so no one shall als since the war, the rise of na- be able to meddle with the laws of tionalism, reform movements in social the Grand National Assembly or with life, and most of all a desire for higher the safety and honor of any private ethical standards, have caused changes citizen. Moreover, the door is now in the world of thought and life that fast closed to the use of religion for are startling. Formerly, for example, political pUrposes. the Koran was read in Arabic, trans- The new Turkish characters were lations were forbidden. In Turkey no also accepted during this period. Be- less than seveE translations of the sides the thousands who learned them Koran have appeared in recent years, immediately, today more than a mil- and Albania, one of the most progres- lion men and women attend national sive lands in the Balkans, has also its schools to learn these new Turkish new Koran translation.

characters. But the most important As early as 1921 the progressive result is the establishment of a power- Moslems issued a translation in their ful democratic government in the con- own vernacular, based not on the fidence of the people. Arabic original, but on Sale's English translation. The book was printed in Y. W. C. A. in the Near East Roumania, is dedicated to the Albanian TIMES have greatly changed in the immigrants of North America, and old Turkish Empire and it is ob- the Latin character is used through- vious that there is no future for out, instead of the usual Arabic char- real Y. W. C. A. membership in Tur- acter.

key. There are however great oppor- On the cover is a picture of the tunies for social work in the training Kaaba at Mecca, with its thousands of Turkish women and girls for the of worshipers. In the text is one of service of their country, and this is the old Bible pictures copied without being done in the service centers at permission. The title given with the Stamboul and Pera where a large picture may be translated as follows: number of girls are taking up physi- "The Prophet Mohammed on liis way cal training and health work, as well to Medina, accompanied by Khalid and as commercial and professional posts. AbuBekr." This familiar wood cut In Syria, on the other hand, the as- really represents Christ and two dis- sociation is on a definite Christian ciples on their way to Emmaus.

basis, and enjoys the interest and help Even as the editor of this Albanian of the Christian churches. Its work Koran, desirous of glorifying Moham- is focussed round the service center med, draws him in colors taken from in Beirut. Many members are school a Christian paint box, so the Moslem girls of the British, Syrian and Amer- world today is unconsciously appro- ican schools; others are married wom- priating Christ. The leading poet of

Cairo, Shauky Bey, in his nationalist sober truth; for a leper loses his home, poetry, reverts again and again to the his family, his friends, his associalife and character of Jesus Christ. tions." The Azhar University itself has purchased and is using hundreds of copies What a priceless boon a home is to of the Bible for the study of compara- these wandering outcast poor. In 1867 tive religion. The Albanian Koran is the famous Moravian Leper House was another illustration that Christ can- opened in Jerusalem, and there the not be hid, that Islam is moving, and lepers of Palestine are housed, and fed that now is the time for us to press and tended. Within its airy rooms our advantage and preach Christ and their wounds and disfigurements are Him crucified to the world of Islam. cared for with gentle touch, and they sleep in comfort and in peace; in its Bibles for Palestine Hotels trim garden they take their exercise and do their wholesome work. The UNTIL recently, the "Gideons" lim- door is onen to every race and creed: ited their activities to the United and to afl, by word and by unselfish, States and Canada, with some self-sacrificing service, the sisters and work in Great Britain. In 1926, Mr. the chaplain and the doctor show the M. L. Swinehart was enjoined to see love of Christ. what contracts could be made in the Orient for p'lacing Bibles in the hotels Pity for the poor and the outcast is of that area. Since then many hotels always uppermost in the mind of a of Japan and China have been sup- missionary; it must be so, because plied, while in Korea each hotel room the Spirit of the Master is in him; contains a Bible. and so our missionaries have taken on themselves the care of the lepers in Encouraged by this success, the their field.-Moravian Missions. Gideons, at their international convention in 1928, decided to make an The Danish Tent Mission effort to reach out into the Near East. Palestine and Transjordania have DR. MARIE HOLST, a Danish twenty-four hotels catering to tour- girl, who conducted a little hosists, with a total of 1,196 rooms, and pital on the edge of Afghanistan to now Bibles have been placed in each reach with the Gospel the hearts of of these rooms, except those used for the Pathan and Afridi frontiersmen, Jews and for Mohammedans only. founded the Danish Tent Mission in The first hotel proprietor approached northwest India. Dr. Holst was killed in Jerusalem remarked that only the nearly ten years ago, being run down day before two guests had inquired in the nighttime by a wild-driving for Bibles, and readily agreed to re- Afghan. The Pathans on the Indian ceive a copy for each room. side of the frontier are like. the Pathans of the Afghanistan side, and Working for the Lepers the very best way to evangelize the latter country is to build up a body AMONG the common people in Pales- of Pathan Christians and evangelists .tltine lepers go by the name of "The to enter the closed land. The mission Poor." is Danish and therefore not associated in the minds of the people with the "To us, poverty simply means ab- government of India. The Moslems sence of money. The Oriental of Pal- have besought the mission to continue estine knows a worse form of poverty its work on account of its skilled med- -leprosy. A man may have as many ical care of them.-S. S. Times. talents of gold as Naaman the Syrian; and yet he would be regarded as poor INDIA if he is a leper. Evidently it is accepted that, while other affiictions may Bookshop Mission leave something to a man, leprosy leaves him nothing. And this is the APROMISING piece of evangelistic work has just been begun in

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Bombay in the form of a Christian states of Rewah and Korea, both of Bookshop. This is situated near the which are closed to Christian missionheart of the Moslem quarter of the aries. city, and is used as a center for colportage. Newspapers, both secular World's Student Conference and religious, are kept on the tables, and people are forming the habit of DELEGATES from nineteen coundropping in to read them, and to talk tries, and students and visitors with the workers. The stock includes from other Indian cities met recently Scriptures in many languages, includ- at Mysore to consider student probing Arabic, and also the publications lems, with the Maharaja as host. The of the Nile Mission Press. theme of the conference was "Christ in the Lives of His Followers." Dr. The Service Microbe Mott gave a resume of outstanding achievements and pointed out a vision DR. DATTA of the Indian Y. M. C. of expanding creative work that lies A. once said: "Before India is ahead, such as new emphasis on inready for self-government she needs ternational student service; help for thirty years' training in service." destitute students; hospitality to This is what the boys of Trinity Col- those who study in other countries lege at Kandy, Ceylon, are learning. than their own; and guidance in self- Service is a germ, and must be help. caught. It is the only effective protection against class strife, factional After the meetings, the delegates jealousy and kindred evils. attended the Quadrennial Conference of the two student movements, one for The Social Service Union of Trinity men and one for women of India, College sends members every after- Burma and Celyon; and also visited noon to help in the little dispensary; several student centers, being everyothers teach games to night school where received most cordially. . boys while yet others hold classes in prisons. In addition, bands like Boy Near Riot at Conference Scouts go visiting about the town with medicine chests, or go with magazines THE Quadrennial Student Christian and writing pads to the hospitals and Conference at Madras was the first write letters home for the patients. joint conference of men and women in Because these boys take off their coats India, but women leaders from Europe and work, people listen to what the were cautious and kept the men off sCllool has to say on slum conditions, the premises except during actual and reform. One of the rules of the meeting hours. The men at last served Union is that the boys must fit them- notice that unless this policy was selves for wise, efficient service. changed they would boycott all the rest of the meetings. Although it had Two New Stations been announced as a joint conference, Bible and discussion groups had been THE National Missionary Society kept separate, and they wanted joint of India hopes to extend its activi- discussions. The European leaders ties in two new centers this year. One explained that they had been conservis in Nautanwa, on the border of the ative out of consideration for shy independent state of Nepal, closed to Indian girls, whereupon all the Indian all white men. It is a very difficult, women leaders proposed to meet with yet hopeful field. Nepal will be the all women delegates, with no Eurofirst foreign mission field to be occu- peans present, to find out just what pied by the National Missionary So- was wanted. All present voted for ciety, and will be under the care of joint discussions and singing groups, the U. P. Provincial Committee. and expressed themselves generally as in favor of more freedom.-Mission- Murwahi is the other new center to ary Herald. be occupied, and lies near the native

Mela at Dhul1a CHINA T HE Swedish Alliance Mission in Changing Conditions East and West Khandesh recently celebrated its first 25 years at Dhulia DR. ROBERT H. GLOVER says and a Mela was held with the cocpera- that the China of thirty years, or tion of the Scandinavian and Meth- even twenty years ago, is no more, odist Protestant Missions. and both country and people are tak- ing new aspects. New transportation At least a dozen major languages systems, new industries, new dress were used in the meetings, suggestive and etiquette, new social, moral and of the universal appeal of the Gospel educational ideas are everywhere in message. Sadhu Sundar Singh spoke evidence; while a drastically different in Hindustani, which was understood political system is being tried out. by many and the summary of the talks That all this is a gain from the miswas translated into Marathi. Sadhuji sionary point of view does not necesgave three main addresses, two to the sarily follow. Seeing on a recent visit Christians and one mainly for non- a richly decorated Buddhist temple, Christians. His messages were sim· lighted by electricity, its stately pilpIe and straightforward. To the lars of finest Oregon pine, and a Christians he emphasized the need of family of devout worshippers arriving living more according to the light we in a handsome limousine and dressed profess to' have. To the non-Chris- in the latest western style was but a tians, he told his early experiences reminder that civilization with all its which led him to accept Christ as his concomitants is not a solution of Saviour, and emphatically emphasized China's needs, while superstition and that only in Jesus will they ever real- idolatry still rule the hearts of the ize peace. people. On the contrary, it is possible that these innovations may make the New Type of Mission people less susceptible to the Gospel message. However, in the wake of all B HABUA Mission is unique in in- this upheaval an opportunity, full of digenous experiments in India. possibilities, is presented. Rev. Nabidad Khan, the new superintendent, has definitely set his face to- China's New Attitude ward a purely Indian organization, instead of building up a work pat- ADJUSTMENT to outside influence terned along Foreign Mission lines. There are four centers where work f t is China's new attitude, rather will be carried on, all within a few miles of Bhabua, where the superin- than assimilation, according to Dr. tendent will live, while three assist- Frank Rawlinson, who writes from ants will reside within bicycling Shanghai. In the long past China has distance, living Indian fashion and often had intercourse with outside conducting schools and ashrams. peoples and religions. Her response, There will be no attempt to cover to whatever of influences came therelarge areas, but it is hoped to bring with, was to assimilate them. The Christian thought to bear upon the assimilation of Buddhism is perhaps life of the community, so that each the readiest illustration of this earlier home and school may become a radiat- and long-enduring motive. But China ing center. is now doing something different from just assimilating certain outside in- No foreign money goes into this fluences. For the first time in her experiment, the only definite Chris- history she is now seeking to become tian force at work in this "territory. adjusted to other modes of thought It is entirely supported by funds con- and conduct. From this motive are tributed through the churches in springing all kinds of programs. India and Burma.-Indian Witness. What comes from the outside will not, it is true, be taken en bloc. To that

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

extent the new motive is combined This incident of the dismissal was in with the old one. itself something new in China.

But unfortunately the Revolution These Christians have not been sehas decimated modern trained leaders. lected because they are Christians, The statistical report of a prominent but be~ause they are best qualified for Christian organization reveals this the positions, proving the emergence fact and shows that the causes are ex- of Christian influence. eeedingly complex. Another organ- ization recently needed a minimum of A Bandit Chief on Christianity 35 secretaries and had not a single one ready to fill the need. The dif- I N THE Ungkung field, South China, ficulty appears to be not lack of place highway robberies, housebreaking, and method for training, but inability and a general reign of terror seemed to hold the workers when trained. the familiar course of events during the first few months of 1928. One Christian Oflieials day fifteen men were captured by armed bandits and carried off into the OF THE ten cabinet ministers who mountains. Among the group was one head the ten departments of the Christian. Mr. Lewis tells that the NationaIist Government, seven are Christian offered to be shot twice for Christians, and two of the seven each of the other fourteen, if they were former 'Y. M. C. A. secretaries. might be set free. When the bandit One of these two is H. H. Kung, a di- chief was finally persuaded of the rect descendant of Confucius, now Christian's sincerity he called him to Minister of Industry, Commerce, and him, refreshed him with tea, and sent Labor; the other is C. T. Wang, Min- him home with an armed escort. The ister of Foreign Affairs. Dr. Wang sequel is also told by Mr. Lewis: "A Chung-hui, Minister of War, is the few months later I was invited to a son of a native pastor. In addition, special dinner at which time this ban- 150 Y. M. C. A. secretaries in China dit chief, then an official in the reguhave been called into government of- lar army, sat at the table with me. In fice-national, provincial, or local. his table conversation he very earnest- One Christian family, that of a Chi- ly and openly declared that there was nese Methodist minister, has made an no hope for China unless the Chinese amazing record. This is the Soong could be transformed and made· over family. Two of the daughters were by becoming Christians. At the time educated at Wesleyan College in Geor- I,thought it was nothing but words of gia. The younger married Sun Yat flattery, so common in China, but lat- Sen, and as his widow, marched north- er learned of the experience that he ward with the Nationalist forces, so had had with this simple but earnest beloved and influential that she was Christian. I am wondering if someknown as the "Queen of the Kuo Ming thing is not at work within his own Tang." H. H. Kung, just mentioned heart to change him, in the very way as one of the cabinet ministers, mar- concerning which he spJke."-Watchried the older sister. T. V. Soong, a man Examine.

brother, is Minister of Finance.

The youngest sister of the family Progress Under Diflieulties L married President Chiang Kai-Shek. OOKING out on the vista of China as a whole, one feels a general un- She is a woman of unusual ability, and was mentioned for the mayor of certainty as to the future, yet, among Nanking. The previous mayor, Mr. the common people, there is a wist- Lu, was dismissed from office because fulness and openness that caUs loudhe married and spent $10,000 on his ly for increased evangelistic work.

wedding at a time when there was China has again, "struck her tents, great general poverty and distress. and is once more on the move"-and

whither? No one seems able to an- perfect bow not fully drawn. He needs swer this. It is surely for us to go on the power which will draw him to a quietly, yet aggressively, with our tes- religious solitude detached from this timony-with zeal, prayer, and endur- world in the lonely presence of God, ance, passing on, pressing on, to the from which he will speed into the unevangelized parts. world of service with vigor and en- thusiasm. What he needs is excess, Moving through the greater part of for he has too much of moderation; the province of Kiangsi during the personal religion, for he has too much year, one noticed the demolition of of a social gospel …… The depth and city walls, the building of motor roads height of human brotherhood will not and public parks, the widening of city be reached without the religious homostreets, the increased introduction of geneity of a world God-consciousness rickshas, the manufacture of straw that Christianity alone can give. hats, electric torches, and new kinds of dress material, and among some of JAPAN-CHOSEN the younger women, bobbed hair and shorter skirts, and among the men, Christian Inftuence in Education the "Dr. Sun style" of dress, with a large increase of walking sticks, ther- rfHJi:RE are only five universities in mos flasks, toothbrushes, cosmetics, and foreign drugs! There is a de- Japan and three of these have cided movement to use goods made in Christian presidents. The other two China. presidents have Christian wives.

Generally the Christians and their Mr. Hirotsu, a Christian evangelist, leaders are more mature, steadier, recently told us that he had been exsturdier, wiser, less dependent on for- pelled from a government normal eigners, with more initiative, yet school as a young man because he manifesting full love for the foreign would not give up his Christian prinmissionaries. Some of us feel that ciples. On a recent trip through revival is near. Forgetting the things Hiroshima and Yamaguchi Ken he that are behind, let us press on with was twice asked to give Christian more simplicity and devotion.-Wil- talks in normal schools. It is reported liam Taylor. that the Minister of Education has issued orders that students wishing Chri5tianity and Confucianism to study Christianity must not be in- terfered with. Dr. Peeke was recently ~~THERE seems to be no effort suf- invited to speak in a large government ficient to galvanize Confucianism girls' school, and gave a straight Gos- pel talk, for over an hour, to a thouas a religion into life, …… nor will sand students and fifty teachers. A any attempt be sufficient to rejuvenate new day seems to be dawning in Japan Confucianism by giving it a more ade- for the Christian Church. quate religious and metaphysical basis." J. M. JOHNSTON, Baiko Jo Gakuin, Shimonoseki. Professor T. C. Chao writes thus in The International Review of Missions Modern Miracles in Japan and says that as a religion it may be said to have died, but that as a system THE following story is told by Mr. of ethics it will not only continue to Dyer in Warld Dominion. live, but may, in conjunction with "The Books of Eternity alone can Christianity, provide the strong force reveal the number of those who have which China needs in her tremendous met with Christ in our Mission Hall evolution. Confucianism may find in Kobe. Let me recount but one Christianity its own source of life, instance as representative. and Christianity may see in Confucianism its agent of truth. The Confu- "Early in the year a woman was cian is like the perfect arrow on a drawn into the service under a great burden, and was filled with an over- whelming sorrow because of the prof-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ligacy and sin of her husband. Christians are naturally cut off from Finding the burden of her husband's non-Christian fellowships. immorality insupportably heavy she made the round of pilgrimages to cer- Women have equal voting power tain temples, earnestly praying for his with men, serve on church committees reformation. Feeling that some sac- and as delegates to Synod.-Church rifice might add merit to her prayers Missiona1"lj Outlook. she cut off her hair and laid it as an offering before the gods. But no an- Prohibition for Soldiers swer was vouchsafed. At one of the temples she stood in mid-winter in LAST year Lieut.-General Tchiji inicy water, and pouring it over her troduced Prohibition in his divibody she sought to atone for the sins sion of the Japanese Imperial Army. of her husband, and wrest an answer He sums up his reasons and the refrom the unwilling gods. Finding that sults as follows: no such happy results followed she resolved to end the unequal struggle I believe the military profession by suicide. The night on which she stands for the training of good citizens, entered the Mission Hall was the last as well as good soldiers, and drinking before she intended to take her life. in any form is detrimental to such train- As she listened to the Gospel she felt ing. I am also convinced from practical the need for her own salvation. She observation that drink is a prolific cause met Christ for the first time, and by of many crimes, quarrels, offenses, faith kneeling before Him she saw in wranglings, and petty thieving. I felt, the Cross, the way of pardon, purity therefore, that it was my duty to wipe and peace. Returning home she un- out entirely every sort of alcoholic drink. folded the story to her husband. Surprised at the change in his wife, he I caused the officers of the medical too came into contact with the living corps to prepare temperance pamphlets, Christ Whose word brought forgive- posters and other prohibition literature, ness; whose power wrought a mighty had these distributed in each officer's transformation. Now restored to each barracks, and the contents taught to the other, they are together seeking to men. follow in His footsteps." The results were something surpris- Ohurch Life in Ja.pa.n ing; crimes, violations of rules, and even diseases considerably decreased. JAPAN is well ahead of any modern The Twelfth Infantry Regiment finally mission field in church organization. wiped out all alcoholic drinks from their One notices, too, the reverence of the canteen. The Second Engineering Batworshippers. It is considered very talion followed the same example. One bad form to fidget during a service, of the far-reaching effects of the Army or turn the head when late comers Prohibition seems to be that when those enter. There is also a bond of fellow- who serve in the Army return, they reship which is very real. The newer turn with Temperance ideas and pracchurches are built with a good sized tices beneficial to their fellow-citizens. vestibule where greetings may be exchanged after the service, without Where Bible Study Is Popular undue chatter in the place of prayer. Sometimes a whole congregation will T o MAKE it possible for farmers adjourn after morning service to some to attend, the Men's Bible Institute beautiful spot for a "welcome" meet- of Pyenyang, under the Presbyterian ing, having a picnic lunch and then Church, U. S. A., was held during the gather for the evening service. Such three winter months. The last Instigatherings have their value, since tute enrolled 152 men, all church of- ficers or Sunday-school teachers, vary- ing in age from 20 to 50 years. Many came at great personal sacrifice and in spite of opposition. At Kangkei, one college graduate, three middle school graduates and five who have studied in middle school were included among those that studied in the Bible Insti- tute this year; the total enrollment being thirty. One man walked four miles each way every day to study in

the Institute, and another five. It clergy, I venture to think, recognize was in the dead of winter and the mercury twenty to thirty degrees be- this fully." • low zero. These two men would arrive each morning frosted like a wedding What we have done in the islands cake. is pathetically inadequate as compared The chief event this winter at Syen Chun was the "Big Class," the Bible with the need. To have quickened class for the men of the Presbytery. After the division of the Presbytery Catholicism and to haVe set us a rivalinto two a few years ago, for a time the numbers gathering for this class ry in good works is commendable; in Syen Chun, were smaller than in the old days before the division. On but there is a vast unmet need-notthat account it was decided that the women also should be allowed to at- ably among the Mohammedans of the tend it. Since they have a class of their own in April, only a few have southern islands who are more open to availed themselves of the privilege, but this year's class proved to be the Christian approach than perhaps any largest in· the history of Syen Chun. The total enrollment was 1,300, only other group within Islam.-The Contwo hundred of whom were women. The attendance upon the night meet- gre gationalist. ings exceeded two thousand, and many were turned away for lack of room. Cooperation in Hawaii ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC T HE Friend, published in Honolulu, tells of an experiment being tried Protestant Work in the Philippines in Hawaii to unify the Christian churches of different races. In Koloa, THE Catholic Student's Mission in- the English-speaking church joins vestigation of the situation in the with the Japanese, Filipinos and na- Philippines, says: "By founding hos- tive Hawaiians in a United Church. pitals and dispensaries for the poor, This has a standing committee COII!- secondary and industrial schools in posed of the pastors and lay reprethe more important towns, and sentatives of the constituent bodies. splendidly equippej 'dormitories' for Each racial church continues to have students at Manilla, the Protestant its own officers and to conduct its own missions are doing a work of positive work. The pastors are co-pastors of importance and value with which the the united body, whose standing comchurch in the Philippines has to reck- mittee chooses one of them to be the on." presiding officer. One advantage of the plan is that the young people of The Catholic Historical Review the different races are afforded opporsometime ago commented thus: "The tunities for religious training in the Protestant sects have not been with- English language–the one that they out a quickening influence on Cathol- know best-without severing connec- ICIsm, for they have aided the tion with the churches of their establishment of the church on the parents, and thus dividing families. American basis, and the correction of undesirable conditions which had GENERAL grown up during the Spanish control. World's Student Officers The competition has served a good end for Catholicism, for it has put it on T HE General Committee of the its mettle in a way it might never World's Student Christian Federahave been without it. The American tion has elected the following officers: Chairman, Mr. Francis P. Miller. Vice-Chairmen, Dr. T. Z. Koo and MIle S. de Dietrich. Trea-surer, Mr. Hugh Martin.

The members of the new Executive Committee are: Miss Margaret Holmes. Pastor Hanns Lilje. Miss Gertrude L. Rutherford. Prof. Rinshiro Ishikawa. Mr. David R. Porter. Mr. Max Yergan.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Scholarship of Missionaries' Sons poses to call a world-wide religious peace conference, made up of men and PROFESSOR ELLSWORTH women of ability, interest and the be- HUNTINGDON, research associ- lief that religion offers the only means ate at Yale University, has written an of establishing permanent peace. article in which he analyzes information concerning graduates of Harvard A preliminary Conference held in and Yale. The investigation was quite Geneva in September, 1928, was atwide, but one item concerns the repu- tended by 189 delegates, who agreed: tation for scholarship and success in later life of these graduates. He says: To form an Executive Committee of 70 "Harvard's and Yale's most represent- to have charge of all details. ative students and successful graduates are sons of missionaries. Sons To form a World Committee of 1,000, of professors are second, and sons of which will constitute the Conference ministers are third." His conclusions when it meets. are based upon prolonged and accurate investigation and are rather surpris- To hold a World Conference in 1930, ing, especially the first item, since if PQssible. sons of missionaries are usually so lacking in funds that they must work A Devilish Traffic their own way through college. I NTERNATIONAL immoral traffic A Deserved Ohristmas Greeting in women and children is still car- ried on to an amazing extent by some EVEN Christians are too little of the supposedly enlightened nations. aware of the nobility of our mis- The League of Nations is working to sionaries. We gladly reprint an edi- eradicate the evil, and already has setorial note from the Watchman Exam- cured some safeguards for intended iner. victims. But much remains to be done. A tract issued by the American Joyful and enthusiastically our mis- Social Hygiene Association, written sionaries are giving themselves to the by Bascom Johnson, Director of Ingreatest and noblest work of the Church vestigations, reveals this terrible sitof Christ. They have left home and uation: loved ones at the command of the Captain of their Salvation. These fine, It shows that women and girls, adults strong, cultured, upstanding men and and minors, are being taken from Europe women have chosen the sacrificial life. to Central and South America and to They are to be congratulated. Their Northern Africa into a bondage worse loved ones and friends are to be con- than death. Every sort of trickery and gratulated. The churches in which they bribery is employed in this nefarious were reared are to be congratulated. It business. Inadequate laws, a low state is the duty of those who remain at home of public opinion, the licensing of prostito pray constantly for their representa- tution, as well as economic depression, tives on the battle line, to familiarize poverty, low wages, and depraved homes, themselves with their work and to see are factors entering into the problem. to it that they are generously supported. Human vultures, male and female, fatten They are worthy of the best that we can on the horrible traffic. The ancient give them. God bless them and prosper greed for gain is very modern. The them in their noble work. drink traffic is closely allied to this trade in women and children, as it is allied to Looking Toward Peace all other evil things. It is eminently worth while to note that this trained T HE Church Peace Union is an body of experts has so closely linked the American organization founded by drink traffic with this abomination, and Andrew Carnegie. Its twenty-nine also that it has made the unqualified findtrustees represent all the prominent ing that the existence of licensed houses, religions of America-Jews, Catholics instead of maintaining public order and and Protestants. In the belief that preventing the spread of the black plague conditions of today threaten the whole of social disease, "is undoubtedly an instructure of the race, the Union pro- centive to this traffic in women and chil- dren, both national and international." But how is God going to forgive us for so long permitting so dreadful an iniquity to flourish and to destroy so many thou- sands of His children?

OOI(S WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Near East and American Philanthropy. cial groups, scout masters and athletic A survey by Frank A. Ross, C. Luther directors. There is a good bibliogra- Fry and Elbridge Sibley. 8 vo. 308 phy and a list of proficiency require- pp. $3.50. New York. 1929. ments. The worship suggestions are elevating but not distinctly Christian. This survey of problems of the Near East, related to American philanthro- The City's Church. By H. Paul Douglass. py, studies conditions in Armenia, 12 mo. 244 pp. $1.50 cloth, 75c paper. Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, New York. 1929. Mesopotamia, Palestine and Syria in order to discover and recommend ways In a striking preface Dr. Douglass, in which the poverty and backwardness of these countries can best be who is associated with the Institute helped by American gifts and service. of Social and Religious Research, de- It is especially timely on account of scribes a city church as seen today the closing of the Near East Relief from an overtowering modern office and the establishment of the Golden building. The church and the min- Rule movement. The recommenda- isters look insignificant in comparison. tions include more cooperation with They are insignificant and powerless local governments, less institutional- in the contest with commercialism, ism and more general and specific mass worldliness and sin unless they have education. The authors of this volume are studying the subject from a the one thing that will bring victory philanthropic, rather than from a -the life of God in their message and Christian missionary point of view, service. therefore they do not consider schools, orphan asylums and hospitals as dis- Dr. Douglass has written an intertinctly missionary institutions. It is a valuable collection of facts. pretation that is, in many respects, a classic on the subject. With a broad Character Building Through Recreation. knowledge of city and church life, he By Kenneth L. Heaton. 12 mo. 230 shows the struggles of the church pp. Chicago. 1929. under the changing conditions. He shows the supreme need for God and all that His Church stands for in the midst of the devitilizing forces of modern city life. "The city Christian Play, social fellowship, athletics, must be thrice born." Dr. Douglass clubs and various games of the right devotes a chapter to "The Persistence sort all help to form and strengthen of Faith Through Change." This character but some of the greatest persistence is true of some but how characters in history have been made many lose their faith and go down to with few or none of these modern spiritual ruin in the vast city maelforms of recreation. Character is strom? The city church is of many based on convictions and is a moral types, rich and poor, large and small, quality that can be strengthened but alive and dead. It is clear that power not formed by recreation, however is not proportioned to wealth or size helpful. or physical equipment. Dr. Douglass Thi! little volume is full of good gives glimpses of various types-in suggestions to leaders of church so- prosperity and adversity, in the down- 574 town section and in the suburbs. He average membership of these churches asks "Can the city church survive?" is 327. Thirty-three activities are and shows that it can if its leaders listed as part of the program of one have spiritual vitality enough to meet or more churches. No study of the exceptional problems. Dr. Douglass subject of the city church is complete appeals for closer cooperation among without this great volume of infor- Protestant churches and shows the mation.

steps already taken. Finally he de- The Crowded Ways. By Charles Hatch scribes his conception of "A well Sears. 12 mo. 193 pp. $1 cloth, 60c churched city"-one that is the result, paper. New York. 1929. not of chance and independent enterprise, but that is the product of a well Here is a study-an interpretation ordered plan of unselfish and intelli- -of the people who make up a great gent cooperative planning and a wise or small city. Dr. Sears, who is a expenditure of money and effort. native of New York and who has been general secretary of the New The bibliograph in this volume is York City Baptist Mission Society for full and well selected. It lists twenty- twenty-five years, gives a most ineight books on the city, surveys and teresting and impressive picture of studies, types of churches, problems the effect of the modern city on inand church cooperation. dividuals and the community. He The Church in the Changing City. By H. looks at the city church and what it is Paul Douglass. 8 vo. 453 pp. $4. doing and able to do to help individ- New York. 1927. uals overcome adverse conditions.

1,000 City Churches. By H. Paul Doug- Here is a very productive study of a lass. 8 vo. 380 pp. $4. New York. city development and concepts, of the 1926. effect of urban life on men, women These two volumes are invaluable and children, of counteracting influ- ease studies. The first tells the stories ences in a city and of forces that ·of fifteen separate churches in differ- may remake a city and its inhabitants.

.ent cities, of different denominations It is worth reading, not for the plans .and under varying conditions. The proposed so much as for the incentive :studies report the age and sex of the it gives to give the Gospel of Christ constituents, the nature of the neigh- more adequately and earnestly to the borhood, the homes from which mem- dwellers in modern Babylon.

bers come, the attendance and ac- The reading list recommends thirty- tivities, the staff and equipment, the eight volumes, pamphlets and period- financial expenditures and the char- icals for further study of the subject.

.acter of the work. Every city pastor Negro Problems in Cities. A study made and church worker should study these under the direction of T. J. Woofter, cases. Much may be learned from Jr. Doubleday, Doran and Co. New them that will benefit other churches. York. 1928. $2.50.

The second volume is a study of With the increasing concentration 1,000 city churches to show how they and segregation of Negroes in Ameri- .adapted themselves to urban environ- can cities, north and south, a dispas- ment. The results of the study are sionate comparative study of condi- .shown in findings and conclusions tions is more and more necessa;ry with the help of charts and tables. as a basis of social adjustment. Dr.

It is a volume for serious study. Woofter and his associates have 'There is food for thought, subjects brought together for the first time for prayer and projects for action in such comparative data. The few the facts presented. There are an studies previously made have been average of 24 Protestant denomina- limited to individual cities and com- tions in the cities of 100,000 popula- parisons are difficult because of dif- tion or over in the United States. The ferences of measurements and of time.

In the first part of the present study lishing separate classes." In the south- about one hundred pages show the city ern cities the per capita investment Negro neighborhoods with different and current expenses for Negro chil- plans of segregation, including city dren are uniformly far below those ordinances and deed restrictions. A for white children, supervision is much series of graphs shows the history and less and pay of teachers less. Other character of this movement in north- factors are correspondingly poorer.

ern and southern cities, large and The fourth and final part of the small. . A chapter on congestion and study by Henry J. McGuin covers rec- exploitation reveals the fact that the reational needs of parks, playgrounds, density per acre of the Negro popula- libraries, Y. M. C. A.'s, Y. W. C. A.'s, ttiioonn~ including the anomalous condi- church faculties, theaters open to Ne- in New York and Philadelphia, groes, etc.

is greater in the large than in the Fifth, this volume although lacking small cities and greater in most cities an index for ready reference, compacts than the density of the white popula- many factors on the growing probtion. Land-crowding, that is the num- lems of the Negro in the cities. ber of people to a given land area, is much more serious than house- GEORCE E. HAYNES.

crowding, too many houses upon a The Children of the Light in India. By given area. T.he relation between pop- Mrs. Arthur Parker. 12 mo. 192 pp. ulation density and the health and $2. New York. 1929.

morals indicates that the community These biographies of fifteen Indian pays for slums by supporting courts; Christians are by the author of the hospitals and social welfare agencies. "Life of Sadhu Sundar Singh." They In Part II, Madge Headley, consid- include some well-known characters ers housing in 15 cities, under the such as Pandita Ramabai; Naravan topics-equipment and condition, rent, Vaman Tilak, the poet; Imad-ud-din; home buying and constructive agen- Chandra Leela, the priestess, and B.

cies. Conclusions seem well balanced. C. Chatterjee, the Christian judge.

While the low wages of Negroes in The others are less widely known but relation to rent paid is mentioned, it are worth knowing. If anyone doubts does not seem to have been given the effectiveness of the Christian mes- sufficient attention in data reported. sage in India, here is the answer sat- Also there are some factors omitted isfying to any mind not blinded by in the treatment of "rents, values and prejudice. The author has been a investment returns." Home buying missionary of the L. M. S. in India among Negroes increased markedly for forty years and knows the land from 1910 to 1925, although a large and the people. It is impressive t() proportion bought old houses. Mu- note the various stations in life from nicipal control through ordinances, in- which these converts came and the spections and building codes, as well means by which GOOD SEED was sown as volunteer and philanthropic agen- in their hearts. One had been a Mo- cies, are helping to improve Negro hammedan robber chief; another a housing. Brahmin Pandit; others include a Part III on schools, by W. A. Dan- Hindu scholar, a Moslem saint, a mem- iel, gives data and opinion on trends ber of the Brahmo Samaj, a Hindu and policies in northern cities toward prince, and an untouchable out-caste.

separation of Negro and white chil- The means which God used to touch dren. In the South the results of hearts were chiefly the Gospels and the fixed policy of separation was other books of New Testament, but studied. In the northern cities in- included Pilgrim's Progress, Balance telligence tests have been used to prove of Truth, The Sayings of Jesus and inferiority of Negro mentality and the influence of Christian schools.

that was "made an excuse for estab- These biographies are worth reading.

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1928

~ RESIDENCV OF EX-KING

EVANGELICAL CHRISTIAN PASTORS VISITING IN AN EGYPTIAN HOME "THOSE MISSIONARIES"

I T NEEDS a man of magnitude to make a missionary. Of the three men who left Antioch (in Syria) for the inauguration of the Christian emprise which has been carried on ever since, two were great enough to stand the terrific tests, and one proved unequal. Something like that proportion still holds. I have met thousands of Christian missionaries on their fields throughout the world, and at least two-thirds of them are first class. My own conviction is that the personnel of the missionary calling averages higher than that of any other profession, in personal character, in efficiency, and in devotion to their ideals.

Woodrow Wilson once said some searching words concerning the ministry, which apply peculiarly to the missionary: "You do not have to be anything in particular to be a lawyer; I have been a lawyer and I know. You do not have to be anything in particular, except a kind-hearted man, perhaps, to be a physician; you do not have to be anything, nor to undergo any strong spiritual change, in order to be a merchant. The only profession which consists in being something is the ministry of our Lord and Saviour-and it does not consist of anything else. It is manifested in other things, but it does not consist of anything else."

Nor is the missionary's efficiency limited to his own character or work; it is carried on by his children. A few weeks ago, at the Commencement of Agnes Scott College, in Georgia, I heard President McCain announce that, while only ten per cent of the students are daughters of ministers and missionaries, more than fifty per cent of all the honors had been won by them. Many statistical studies point to the same conclusion. In ways unintended, the missionary proves the truth of the Saviour's philosophy that he who would lose his life shall find it-and "unto the third and fourth generation." In sober fact, it is better to be the child of a minister than of a millionaire.-WILLIAM T. ELLIS, L.L.D. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor SEPTEMBER TABLE OF CONTENTS FRONTISPIECE-A LETTER FROM THE Ex-KING OF ARABIA Page OBSERVATIONS ON A WORLD TOUR ………… STEPHEN J. COREY 693 MISSIONARY HISTORY IN THE MAKING •.•……………………. ……….. ………. . Reported in the REVIEW, September-October, 1878 700 THE MAPPILLAS OF MALABAR ……………….. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER 701 LOOKING BACK OVER FORTY yEARS ………. HELEN PIERSON CURTIS 710 AMERICAN INDIANS, YESTERDAY AND TODAY …. J. M. CORNELISON 713 THE PROGRESS OF THE GOSPEL IN SPAIN ………. J. H. HORSTMANN 717 A PARALYZED HOME MISSIONARy ……………. DAVID MCCONAUGHY 731 YI SANG-JAI OF KOREA …..••..•..•…••………….. JAMES S. GALE 734 TOPICS OF THE TIMES …..•..•..•………………………..•.. 736 THE NEW CHINA AND THE MISSIONARIES …….. COURTENAY H. FENN THE PRESENT CRISIS IN MEXICO WHAT I HAVE LEARNED ABOUT MISSIONARY METHODS ……… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY 741 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN .. EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 743 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN .. EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN 747 WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ……………………………………… 750 BOOKS WORTH READING…………………………………….. 765 TERMS: $2.50 B year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 60 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY REvIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

ROBmRT E. SPEmR, Presldmt WM. L CHAMBeRLAIN, Vioe·Pre81denf WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer DeLAVAN L. PIERSON. SfJeretcvr'll Publlcatlon Ofllce, 3d '" Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Editorial and BUBines. Ofllce. 156 Fifth Avenue, Pa. 25c a copy. $2.1>0 a year. New York CItT Entered as second·ClaSS matter at the Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. PERSONALS REV. JAMES CANTlNE, D.D., founder of . the Arabian Mission of the Reformed ::;" Church in America and Pioneer Missionary in the United Mission in Mesopo- LET YOUR GIFT tamia, who returned to the United States on account of the illness of Mrs. Cantine to Foreign Missions and expecting to retire from active service, sailed on August 25th to return to PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME his work in Mesopotamia. A further proof of his devotion is seen in the fact You can make a generous gift to foreign misthat he has gone at his own expense, sions and have a needed income for yourself leaving the mission funds for the sup- and others from the money you give by the port of new workers. Annuity Gift Plan BlSHOP FRANC*lS *J. *MCCONNELL has This plan relieves you of uncertainty and been elected acting president of the worry caused bychangingvaluesof invested Board of Foreign Missions of the Metho- funds and assures you a fixed income of dist Episcopal Church, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of the Bishop 4t% to 9% per year Luther B. Wilson, until the annual meeting of the Board in November. for the rest of your life MRS. ADA LEE*, f*or *more than fifty A reserve fund of over $1,500,000 guarantees years a missionary in India of the Meth- the prompt payment of annuities to you, odist Episcopal Church, most of the time Protect yourself against loss tlJro,?gh in Calcutta, has been decorated by King unwiseinvE'stmentR and at the same time help send the gospel-to all the world. George with the Kaisar-i-Hind gold medal. . .. For full z'n/ormation write Ernest F. Hall, Secretary, Dept, of Annuitie. MR. HUGH R. MONRO of New York, BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS Vice-President of the Niagara Litho- of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. graph Company, was elected, at the recent convention in Los Angeles, Chair- 156 Fifth Avenue. New York man of the American Section of the World's Sunday School Association. :.'lllllllrrllrrlllllllllllrrllllllrrlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllli1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII~ OBITUARY ~ A LITTLE ARGUMENT I MRS. CHARLES L. WHlTE, the wife of WITH MYSELF the honored Executive Secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, 1. If I refuse to give anythe President of the Home Missions thing to missions, I practi- Council, also one of the directors of the cally cast a ballot in favor of Missionary Review Publishing Com- the recall of every missionary pany, entered into rest on August first in home and foreign fields. from her summer home at Hampton Falls, New Hampshire. Mrs. White's 2. If I give less than before, beautiful Christian spirit gave complex- I favor a reduction of the mision and direction to many with whom sionary forces. she came in contact. Strength and honor were her clothing. Phillips Brooks 3. If I give the same as forsaid "The greatest contribution to the merly, I favor holding the world is a life; all else is lost in the ground already won, but I disstorm." Deep sympathy and sincere regard any forward moveappreciation of this life and her gifts ment. to the world go out to Dr. White and the daughters who are still making their 4. If I increase my offering contribution to the world in the name beyond former years, then I and spirit of Christ. favor an advance movement in the conquest of new territory MR. ARTHUR * L*lLE*Y, senior British for Christ.

V. Resolved: I believe in inmissionary of the North Africa Mission, creasing the present number of effective missionaries and fell asleep at Westcliff-on-Sea, England, in a more adequate supply of needs for the work, therefore from heart failure on June 24, 1928, the I will increase my gift. day following his arrival from Tunis – for medical treatment. Mr. Liley first sailed for Africa in 1882, and began to ~JJllllrllJ[IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIJJlIJIIIIIIIIIIIJIIIJIIIIIIIIIIIJIIIJJ[IIJIIIIJIIIIIIIII·llrllll~ work among the Moslems of Tunis in 1897. His son, Dr. James Liley, is engaged in medical mission work in Fez, Morocco.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. ~ NICOSIA (Cyp~US) FREE TRANSIATION. To my honoured friend ete.ete.

After greeting, I wish to express to your Reverence my most sincere thanks and gratitude for the gift you ilad the kindness to send me, a.nd your thoughtful remembrance of me after your visl t. I refer to your gift of a number of publioations, but espeoial.ll to the .l.&rge edition of the Holl Bible which is the most important of all books because of its oontents and discussions.

Ma,. our Lord and M~er grant you your desires and health and strength, etc. etc.

Written on the 5th of the·month of the Hajj, 1346.

Copy of the original ana translation of a recent letter to Dr. Samuel M. ZWf'mer from formf'r King Hussain of Arahia.

LI, No.9 September

OBSERVATIONS ON A WORLD TOUR BY REV. STEPHEN J. COREY, D.D., St. Louis, Missouri Secreta.ry (Jf th(J United Ohri~tian JIis8ioHarv Society L1S ONE travels through the longing and realization are coming f i Orient, visiting the mission- more rapidly in the direction of ary work and talking with self-control, than of self-support, missionary and national Christian especially in lands like India and alike, the saying of Christ to His in China, where war conditions add disciples, at the instance of heal- difficulties to those arising from ing the man born blind, comes con- the deep poverty of the people. stantly to mind. "We must work the works of Him that sent me, An Oriental church, with Orienwhile it is day; the night cometh tal consciousness and culture, is when no man can work." Tides of rapidly taking the place of a Westmany kinds are running deep in ern Church which has been nat- China, Japan, India and the Philip- urally, and often unconsciously, pines these days, and the imme- transplanted from Occidental life diacy of the task is a constant be- and thought. This is a very hopeful hest. Delay will mean crystalliza- sign and, while bringing new probtion and lost opportunity. A few lems, it is also bringing new life. impressions are especially oustand- The situation in China has brought ing to the missionary observer. about a new realization of the need of placing heavy responsi- I. Indigenous Longings bility on native Christian shoul- ders. The missions which have In 1914, when I was in the Ori- not done so are suffering most ent the work was thought of in now. One is convinced also of the nearly all places, as the Church necessity of pushing the matter of planted from the West, as Chris- the indigenous Church, in Japan, tianity extended as a helping hand in the Philippines and in India, for from a far country. Today the at- who knows what the attitude to- titude is entirely different in most ward the foreign missionary will places. Naturalization of Chris- be, especially in the latter two tianity is rapidly taking place and countries, providing a change in everywhere the urge is toward a government should come. The con- church imbedded in national con- viction grows on one that all for- sciousness and of the soil. The eign missionary work, from its 693

very beginning, should be planned has been invaluable. But now it with the thought that native Chris- is recognized on every hand that tian communities must be created careful, concentrated effort is necto carryon the work, no matter essary to build Christian commuwhat may happen to the foreign nities and a well-grounded church. missionary. The emphasis should not be placed on the negative phase of "with- With the great difficulties faced drawing" from stations and cenin pioneer work, the slowness of ters, but rather on a rearrangethe task and the continuous change ment of the line for better work in missionary staff, lines of least and more permanent results. One resistance are sometimes followed, is convinced that there should be rather than the slower and more in many instances fewer centers patient policy of building a self- and more intensified work, looking supporting church early in the toward solid building, self-support work. So the growing desire, on and a native church which can exthe part of native Christians, for pand in the future. There will be an indigenous church needs to be imperative need for the spiritmade practical and substantial by filled missionary, for many years a constant pressure for self-sup- to corne; for when indigenous cenport. Of ,course there can be no ters are established and church self-support without three things leadership is wisely shifted to na- -stewardship, a strong native tive shoulders, there will be yet leadership and above all the win- great work for the missionary as ning of people to Christ to form a co-laborer, and as a pioneer in the Christian community. The the vast untouched regions. Let missionaries have these things on no one at the horne base be distheir hearts, but they need encour- couraged because the strategy at agement and help from home. The the front changes and forces are needs on the mission fields are the moved from long known but widely same as the needs elsewhere– separated centers, to more concengodliness, evangelism, consecrated trated areas. To change the figmen for the ministry and Christ- ure, there has been wide seed sowlike giving. No indigenous church ing, but now there must be deep with prevailing power is possible plowing and intensive cultivation without these characteristics. The and watering, that an indigenous difficulty of attainment is far church may spring up and take greater on the fields than at home. deep root in the soil.

II. A Shortened Line III. Christian Penetration in Japan In the face of the need of a welI- One visiting Japan, after an abestablished indigenous church, sence of more than a decade, is which will stay rooted deeply in struck by the change in the thinkthe soil, and in view of the finan- ing and outlook of the leaders, escial problems which confront the pecially in educational circles. The missionary boards, the cause is soul and conscience of the Sunrise confronted by the imperative need Kingdom are being awakened as of a shortened line of effort. never before. The material and Widespread witnessing has been educational advance has been very necessary in the past and the inter- great and along with this, Japan's penetration of Christian teaching

OBSERVATIONS ON A WORLD TOUR

best men and women are begin- and other schools, for a conference ning to wonder if the moral and on ChJristian teaching in the spiritual advance has been parallel schools. Formerly religious teach- with these forward steps. On ing has been barred from the cur- every hand one finds an anxious, riculum of all government and solicitous desire, that in keeping government recognized schools.

abreast of Western advance, the That day is rapidly passing. Of country shall not lose its soul. It course when it comes to moral and would seem that herein lies the ethical training through educa- hope of this wonderful little coun- tion, Christianity has unmeasured try and the great opportunity advantage over other religions.

of the Christian movement. In This is not only widely recognized fact, there is no doubt but that in Japan, but there seems to be Christian influence is largely back little prejudice against Christian- of this anxious hope for a moral ity on the part of Japan's leaders.

basis for life. One is impressed also by the There are many evidences of vis- wide-s pre a d dissemination .of ible and invisible influences of Christian principles in Japan, far Christianity in Japan. On the one greater than the ratio of avowed hand many. Christian leaders are Christians. This is being greatly found in all walks of life, and on aided by a very effective newspa- the other, many not identified with per propaganda, carried on by a the Christian movement are moved Christian bureau. Through this by Christian sanctions and ideals. organization, Christian sermons, Among educators there is a strong question boxes, and brief courses feeling that more moral teaching in Christian teaching, are printed is imperative in the schools and it in a very wide-spread way by the is coming to be commonly recog- secular press of Japan. There nized among them that only re- seems to be little difficulty in get- ligion offers the basis for this ting space for this fine propa- teaching. Again and again I have ganda. The Sunday papers, which had it said to me that education, are the most popular and widely per se, cannot save Japan, that love circulated, are especially used in of country" and emperor are not this work. The most remote vil- sufficient for the moral and ethical lages receive mail daily, Sunday life of the people. It is significant being no exception to the rule, and to know that in the last annual nearly everyone reads in Japan.

meeting of kindergartners for J a- Besides such dissemination of pan, the whole program was Christian teaching and the very shaped around moral and religious wide-spread knowledge and recog- education. In a more recent meet- nition of much of the teachings of ing of educators in Tokyo, it was Christianity, Christian schools decided that to bring the teachers have provided many of the teachers abreast of these ideals, there must of Japan. The time has come for be thorough training in morals Christian leaders to rise to the re- and character building, and that markable opportunity. It will religion was the real basis for this. take wise leadership and the new Following this the Christian Coun- opportunity will have to be kept cil of Japan called together all the free from controversy and attacks Christian teachers in government on the other religions of the land.

It will also be necessary for single- so deeply rooted in the great ilness of purpose and program to literate countries, are rapidly disprevail among the different Chris- appearing in this adolescent natian groups. Unity of the Chris- tion, which is carrying to a high tian forces in Japan is not as far state of education in a single genadvanced as in many other fields, mation. On every side is educabut here sectarian differences tion desired and from the lowliest would be fatal in grasping the to the highest it is attainable. great opportunity, when the edu- Ignorance and the static mind, concation and statesmen of Japan are tent with the past and enslaved by turning to religion as their hope it, are rapidly giving way before in moral teaching. the free public school.

IV. Unique Opportunity in The 3. While portions of the East Philippines present a difficult approach to the presentation of Christian teaching The Philippines, being of rela- just now, the Philippines are open tively small population, are usually and doors stand ajar everywhere under-rated as to importance, for entrance. There is an eduwhen it comes to mission areas. cated mind and it is eager and re- There are many things which ceptive. make the Islands significant and work there timely. 4. Women are accorded a place in the Philippines, approaching the 1. The Philippines are in the standing given them in America Orient and it is doubtful if there and Britain. Everywhere they are is any place from which the whole teaching in the village, town and Orient can be approached more city schools. Even far back in the effectively. They lie at the cross- mountains, a m 0 n g the pagan roads of the Pacific and, although tribes, recently head hunters, are not a great nation in size, what found evangelical Christian young happens there is at once known women, teaching the youth and in throughout the whole of the East. perfect safety and protection. For instance, no Eastern country Trained nurses from the mission is being so watched by India as the hospitals go everywhere through- Philippines. Educators, social re- out the Islands and serve the comformers, politicians and all those munities. interested in India's future, are closely studying conditions and de- 5. And equally important, the velopments there. The reports on Filipino, as no other Oriental, uneducation, health and agricultural derstands the West and its spirit developments in the Islands are and can serve as the interpreter befound in the libraries of India and tween East and West. He is apare being eagerly scrutinized by proachable, and easily adapts him- India's leaders. self to the ideas and outlook of the West. His sympathy and under- 2. In the Philippines, as no- standing make him susceptible to where else in the Orient, with the evangelical Christianity introduced possible exception of Japan, the fu- from America. ture destiny of the country will be in the hands of the educated youth, V. China, the Test of Our Missionary who have recently come on the scene. Prejudice and superstition, Effort Perhaps nowhere in the world is missionary effort being put to so

OBSERVATIONS ON A WORLD TOUR

severe a test as just now in China. China, persist and increase in War is war, anywhere and any- power? We believe that it will time, and under its baleful influ- and there are many indications ence Christian effort has always that this supreme test which is be- been put to a sever test. At the ing applied to Christian work in present moment missionary work China is not an unmixed evil. Out in China is also being put to trial of it all is coming a stronger, more before a nationalism which has self-reliant and a purified church.

been filled with suspicion of for- The Chinese Christian leaders are eigners and the introduction of assuming, from necessity, respon- things from abroad. Parallel with sibilities which they never dreamed this is the opposition of a strong of taking and out of it all Chris- anti-Christian movement. This tianity is being naturalized and last finds its expression in several made indigenous as never before.

ways. First in opposition to reli- One is thrilled and heartened by gion as such, as being in con- the courage and faith of great tradiction to science and lending numbers of Chinese leaders, both itself to subservience of the peo- men and women. Just as followple, a distinctly Russian contribu- ing the Boxer persecution in North tion. Second, opposition to Chris- China, the Church came out of the tianity in general, as being imprac- dark days, enobled and strengthtical in its ideals and likewise as ened, so now out of war and oppobeing associated with the aggres- sition and sacrifice is coming a sion, land grabbing and unfair better church. The superficial and treaty relations of Western na- mercenary elements have been tions. Third, the contention that sifted out and a fellowship of gen- Christianity denationalizes the uineness and spiritual reality re- Chinese and identifies them with mains. Western imperialistic influence. It is to be noted with gratification And the home Church must see that this anti-Christian movement to it that real support is given finds no fault with the person or teaching of Christ himself. It has during these days of crisis. If the been a move against organized cause in China ever needed friend- Christianity, as identified with the ship and support from the home West. base, it is now.

Along with these difficulties fac- When the crisis came in China, ing Christian effort, has come the a year ago, and the missionaries withdrawal of the larger part of withdrew, there were three posthe missionary force from China sible ways of meeting the situation. and the general recognition that First, the Western Church might the workers returning will be have broken all connection, en- tirely withdrawing and leaving the Chinese Church to go on alone. Second, the attitude might have fewer in number, at least for some been simply one of sympathy, but time. having the Chinese as petitioners Now how is the missionary to get what they could from us by movement standing the test of asking for it. Third, was the pos- these revolutionary conditions? sibility of hearty and resolute co- Will Christian effort, put forth at operation with the Chinese Church such sacrifice and expense in and leaders, leaving the relation-

ship of the missionary to adjust it- the 230,000,000 people that live in self and trusting the Chinese India. Many of them are weak Christians implicitly to settle the Christians, to be sure, just as is matter of their going back. The the case in America, but out of first course would have been hard this host of believers are a vast and unChristian, the second would number who witness daily for our have placed the Chinese Christians Lord. Who can measure the in the position of beggars. The strength of this leaven? One can third course was the one chosen. hardly go into a town, or ride on There is no doubt as to its wisdom. a train in India, without coming Having taken the position we must in contact with someone who has back it up by unfailing sympathy been in a Christian school. These and support. Not only is the men occupy positions of trust and Christian movement in China pass- responsibility. They are not all ing through a severe trial, but we Christian by profession, but they also, the Church of the sending never can get away from the incountries, are being tested as to fluence of those years of Christian the genuineness and self-forgetful- training. Many of them who do ness of our missionary interest. not openly claim allegiance to Christ are secretly His followers. VI. India And as one gets to know more of the bonds and ramifications of What shall one say of India after caste, one understands this contraonly three months in a land of such dictory attitude a little better. And variety and contrasts? A land wherever one talks with one of where one slow-moving stream of these trained in Christian schools, humanity has borne the same cus- whether he be Christian, or Hindu, toms and life for thousands of or Mohammedan, his words of years, while on top of it flows rap- praise are high for the missionary, idly a current of changed life in who has come from a far country agonizing adjustment to the civili- to help India. And what a divine zation of later days. The most re- service to India has been the eduligious land in the world and the cation of so many of her young most in need of true religion. A women. And these, from the naland bound by caste, superstition, ture of the case, who have gone on ignorance, and the tragic mind and into education above the primary body slavery of girlhood and wom- grades, are all Christian women, anhood all under the sanction of As one visits the girls' schools of religion. A land of sacred rivers, the various mission boards and sacred trees and sacred animals- comes to the climax in colleges like more sacred than virtue, or service Isabella Thoburn at Lucknow, or holiness. This land where re- where the womanhood of India is ligions were born, but where the brought to such high, beautiful new birth of the soul is so difficult. levels, one feels like saying with But there are many things to en- conviction, "If this were all the recourage. sults, the long work of Christian missions in India would have First, there is a great loss of abundantly paid." Christians and Christian leaders in India. And the 5,000,000 who call Second, the leaven of the Kingthemselves by the name of Christ dom of God is working in India are scattered everywhere among

OBSERVATIONS ON A WORLD TOUR

outside the visible Church, as per- India. Many believe but will not haps in no other non-Christian yield to baptism. You of the West land. Gandhi has been teaching cannot understand what it means his students in the life of Christ, to break caste. It is a terrible oralthough he is a Hindu according deal. Many have given up much to his own statement. In talking of caste, but to break all ties by with the head of an outstanding avowing one's self a Christian, is a Hindu school the other day, he terrible ordeal! It is coming and quoted from the words of Christ some day there will be an upheaval more freely than any college presi- in India such as the world has dent with whom I have talked in a rarely seen. In the meantime, long while. Pictures of the Christ every missionary, every convert, are for sale in all the shops where every school and every teacher, pictures are sold, even within the counts beyond measure." precincts of Hindu temples. In conversation with Hindus, they A MISSIONARY HYMN* often place Jesus as the highest among "holy" men. In a great By REV. HENRY BURTON, D.D. Boy Scout meeting attend~d by members of. many different Hindu There's a light upon the mountains, and castes and Mohammedans, there the day is at the spring, was an opening prayer service each morning and Jesus was recog- When our eyes shall see the beauty and nized along with other religious the glory of the King; leaders. A Mohammedan chief magistrate, of a district from Weary were our hearts with waiting, and which missionaries were to be the night-watch seemed so long, withdrawn because of financial needs, spent an hour urging upon But His triumph-day is breaking, and me the need of the missionary in we hail it with a song. that district. "What restraint will there be upon the people if your In the fading of the starlight we can see Christian leaders go? Their un- the coming morn; selfish service is worth more than anything else in my district. Your And the lights of men are paling in the woman medical missionary, who splendors of the dawn; goes many miles at any time of the night, or day, to help my people, For the eastern skies are glowing as with has more influence with them than light of hidden fire, I have. Love is the greatest power among these folks and where is it And the hearts of men are stirring with to come from when you folks who the throbs of deep desire. believe in Christ have gone?" There's a hush of expectation, and a A leading Christian educator, quiet in the air, who had suffered terribly when he became a Christian, because of the And the breath of God is moving in the bitter opposition of his family and fervent breath of prayer; his caste, said to me with deep For the suffering, dying Jesus is the feeling: "The leaven of Christian Christ upon the throne, teaching is working powerfully in And the travail of our spir.it is the tra- vail of His own.

He is breaking down the barriers, He is casting up the way, He is calling for His angels to build up the Gates of Day; But His angels here are human, not the shining hosts above, For the drum-beats of His army are the heart-beats of our love.

Hark! we hear a distant music, and it comes with fuller swell; 'Tis the triumph-song of Jesus, of our King, Immanuel!

Christians, go ye forth to meet HimI And, my soul, be swift to bring All thy sweetest and thy dearest for the triumph of our King!

*From the Bombay Guard·ian.

MISSIONARY HISTORY IN THE MAKING News Noted in the MISSIONARY REVIEW for September- October, 1878 Dr. Cyrus Hamlin, President of Robert College Constantinople, wrote of the need of "Christian Education in Unevangelized Lands." Then there was practically no modern education in these lands except the small schools by Christian missionaries. To-day missionaries conduct kindergartens, elementary, middle and high schools, industrial, teacher training, medical and theological schools and colleges in ninety mission fields with a total of 2,500,000 pupils under instruction.

'" '" '"

The bitter opposition of the people of the Pacific Coast in America, to the coming of Chinese immigrants, was shown by a bill introduced into the Senate by Mr. Slater of Oregon. President U. S. Grant expressed the conviction that the American people will extend justice and kindness to the Chinese, as to the rest of the world.

The exodus of the freed'"sla*ves*from the Southern States to the North and West is noted as a check to wrongs suffered.

*** The Bishop of Sierra Leone reported the confirmation of 563 candidates for baptism on a recent visit. Archdeacon Samuel Crowther described the wholesale destruction of idols and fetishes or jUjU8.

* '" '"

The Queen of Madagascar sent the son of the Prime Minister to England to receive a Christian education. He was reported to have recently confessed his faith in Christ.

*** Rev. Wm. Holland and his family reported that they had been banished by the Spanish Government from Fernando Po, West Africa, because of their evangelical work.

T HE British and Foreign Bible Society reports its total issues for the year ending March 31, 1928, to be 9,936,714 volumes. While this is a decrease of about 200,000 from the total of the previous year, it is still a magnificent record.

*** The total issues of the American Bible Society for its last year were 10,034,797 volumes. It has the distinction, for the first time in its history, of having issued more volumes of Scripture than any other organization in the world.

*** The full report of Bibles, Testaments, and portions issued by the British and Foreign Bible Society is not yet available. Probably it continues to lead in the total number of whole Bibles issued by anyone Society in the world.

'rnm HUSANIABAD GATE AT

THE MAPPILLAS OF MALABAR BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Cairo, Egypt I NDIA has a larger Moslem pop- of Egypt, Arabia and Persia, is ulation than all the lands of greatly neglected, compared with North Africa, the Near East the lands of the Near East. and Southeastern Europe put together. It was placed on record There are other Moslem areas as one of the findings of the J eru- and populations of India unoccusalem Conference in 1924 "that pied, especially in Kashmir and on Moslem India is in a very real the Northwest Frontier. But most sense an unoccupied field." deplorably neglected of all are the Moslems of Malabar. Perhaps the present situation for all India cannot be truly char- During our recent visit to India acterized in terms so strong. It is we were privileged to travel from still true that of the total foreign Bombay to Calcutta, and from the missionary staff of 6,027 for a to- Khyber Pass to Colombo, holding tal population of 319,128,721 there missionary institutes for the study is not at all a sufficient proportion of method at nineteen places. In at work among the nearly 70,000,- South India the study groups were 000 Moslems. Bengal with over even larger than in the north and 25,000,000 Moslems, a little less we often heard Indian Christians than the total Moslem population pray for the Mappillas. When, therefore, the choice was before 701

us of spending a few days at Kot- gateway is Calicut. It is a land of tayam to attend the annual con- dense forests, tangled jungle and vention of the Syrian Church, or cultivated valleys with palms of to visit Calicut and see something cocoanut and rice fields. Among of the large group of Moslems the most characteristic features of numbering over a million (1,032,- Malabar are the lagoons or back- 757) in Malabar we decided for waters that stretch in a line down the Moslems and sent a written the coast. They are connected by message to the Christians. AI- artificial canals and the whole scene has features that remind one THE MAGIC SQUARE FROM THE LAS'L' of Java in its beauty and verdure. PAGE OF A MALAYALAM KORAN There is disagreement regarding Printed by "11. P. Aboobacker Aboo, the name of the people and their merchants a:nd Arabic book-sf'llers in origin, but all are agreed that the Calicut." It contains numbers, the names Mappillas are among the most of the planets and signs of the Zodiac to confer good luck, and ends with a virile and also the most trouble- some of the Moslems of India. prayel' and threefold amen Malabar is the zone of fanaticism in the south even as the Afghan though the Basel Mission has been frontier is that of the north. at work for many years in Malabar, little has been done for these The name MappilIa has been Malayalam-speaking Moslems, who variously interpreted to mean form thirty per cent of the total "mother's son" or "bridegroom," population and are steadily in- in allusion to the supposed union creasing. between the early Arab traders with women of the country; but Malabar proper is the strip of it is perhaps merely a title (ma, coast below the Western Ghats in- great and pilla, child) which was habited by a people speaking the given to foreigners whether Mos- Malayalam language, a branch of lem (Chonaka Mappilla) or Christhe Dravidian stock, who form a tian (Nasrani Mappilla). There peculiar race with castes, customs was considerable trade between and traditions of their own. The Arabia and Malabar in the eighth administration center and railway and ninth centuries, and no doubt many of the traders gradually set- tled in the country. As traders they would come without their women and as Mohammedans would not fail to proselytise; and the result was a hybrid community composed of the offspring of mixed unions and of converts from the lower classes of the Hindus. The Zamorin of Calicut, who was one of the chief patrons of Arab trade, definitely encouraged conversion in order to man the Arab ships on which he depended for his ag- grandisement; and he is said to have directed that in every family

THE MAPPILLAS OF MALABAR

of fishermen in his dominion one here that the Perumal came for or more of the male members the first time into contact with the should be brought up as Moham- persons, who were to be pioneers medans. of Islam in Malabar, or whether they, or some of them, had been All Malayali accounts are sub- of the party of pilgrims with stantially in accord as to the fol- whom he originally set out from lowing facts: Kodungallore. But however this may be, the names of the persons "The last emperor or king of have been handed down by tradi- Malabar was one Cheraman Pe- tions. From the names it may rumal, who reigned at Kodungal- perhaps be gathered that the party lur. Cheraman Perumal dreamed that the full moon appeared on the DR. AND MRS. ZWEMER (AT RIGHT) LOOKING OVER 'i'HE KLUYBER PASS INTO FOrtBIDDEN AFGHANISTAN night of new moon at Mecca in consisted of Malik-ibn-Dinar, his Arabia, and that when at the me- two sons, one grandson, and his ridian she split in two, one half grandson's wife, and their family remaining and the other half de- of fifteen children. scending to the foot of a hill called Abikubais, when the two halves There is good reason for thinkjoined together and then set. ing that this account of the intro- Sometime afterwards a party of duction of Mohammedanism into Mohammedan pilgrims on their Malabar is reliable. way to the foot-print shrine at Adam's Peak in Ceylon chanced to The mixed nature of the race visit the Perumal's capital and may be traced today in its varied were admitted to an audience and physiognomy; those of high famtreated most hospitably." ily and social position are often extremely fair with fine features, It is uncertain whether it was sometimes of a distinctly semitic type; while those at the other end

of the scale are indistinguishable present at our meetings for Mosfrom the low castes from which lems in Madras. they are constantly reinforced. The Mappilla dwelling varies in The Mappillas are as a rule fru- size and material from the mud gal, industrious and enterprising. hut, roofed with cadjans or straw, They conduct the bulk of the trade of the lower classes, to the large of all descriptions, and many of and airy buildings of one or more them have amassed considerable stories constructed of stones and wealth; all who can afford it in- roofed with tiles, occupied by the vest money in land, and most of wealthy. There are no peculiarithe new garden cultivation on the ties in architecture or design which call for special comment. A GROUP OF EDUCATED MAPPILLAS The Mappilla trader does not, like IN CALICUT the Hindu, object to living in nar- row streets and is content with a margin of the jungle in the interi- very minute back garden, if he has or is being opened by them. The one at all, surrounded by a high lower classes are fishermen, la- wall to protect his women from borers of every description, and the public gaze. The typical Mappetty cultivators, their physique, pilla street is picturesque, but as can be seen from the photo- dirty. graphs, is on the whole remarkably good. The ordinary dress of the men is a mundu or cloth, generally The Mappillas have supplied white with a purple border, but the most satisfactory coolies for sometimes orange or green or railway work and the like. Many plain white. It is tied on the left enterprising Mappilla traders are (Hindus tie them on the right) to be found in Ceylon, the Straits and kept in position by a nul or Settlement and Burma. Some were waist-string, to which are attached one or more small cylinders of gold, silver or baser metal, con- taining texts from the Koran or magical formula. A small or large knife is usually worn in the waist. Persons of importance wear in addition a long flowing white gar- ment of fine cotton (a kind of bur- noos); and over this again may be worn a short jacket, though this is uncommon in South Mala- bar, and a cloak of silk or cotton- cloth. Women wear a m1tndu of some colored cloth (dark blue is most usual); a white loose bodice, more or less embroidered; and a veil or scarf on the head. In the case of the wealthy, the mundu may be of silk of some light color. Women of the higher classes are kept se-

THE MAPPILLAS OF MALABAR

cluded and hide their faces when difference. The Tangals (Sheikhs they go abroad; but the lower of the Derwish orders) are their classes are not particular in this religious leaders; they are regardrespect. ed with a high degree of reverence, but are not as a class distinguished The Mappillas belong to the by learning. The principal author- Shafic rite of the Sunni sect of ity on religious subjects is the Mohammedans, that is, they ac- Makhdum Tangal of Ponnani. He knowledge besides the Koran, the is the head of the Ponnani reliauthority of the Sunna, or custom- gious college and confers the title ary law of Arab theology, as in- of Musaliyar (Moulvi or elder) on terpreted by Imam Shafic• In Mullas who have qualified them- South Malabar they are divided selves to interpret the Koran and into two divisions, preferring the commentaries. allegiance either to the Valia THE HAi!AYAT~ UL~ ISLAi! SCHOOL. A TRAINING TNR'l'ITUTION FOR MOSLEM LIMDERS A1' CALICU'], Jaratingal Tangal of Ponani or Mappilla mosques, called palli, the Kundotti Tangal. The follow- are rectangular buildings with ers of the latter are said by those sloping tiled roofs and ornamental of the former to be Shiahs, but gables in front like those of the they themselves claim to be Sun- Hindu temples; some of them have nis. The differences between the gate houses, and a few of the oldest two parties sometimes become have circular towers attached. acute and lead to disturbances, but They are built with the main enintermarriage between them is not trance to the west so that the conprohibited and persons often for- gregation faces east towards sake one sect for the other to suit Mecca. There is often a small tank canvenience. close by or in the mosque. We noticed the peculiar custom of The division between the two is washing the hands and feet by due to- party spirit rather than pouring the water from large based on any essential doctrinal 2

wooden or cocoanut dippers with is often easily obtained, for it is long handles kept in a rack near both honorable and profitable to the tanks. A Mulla who can read, be the guardian of such a shrine; but not necessarily understand Arabic, is attached to every and an unknown beggar who dies mosque to lead the services. He is appointed by the congregation, of starvation on the roadside may though the Kazi as a rule nomi- be endowed with all sorts of virnates him. The Kazi is the head tues after death, and worshipped of the local assembly which corresponds to the parish church. His as a saint and miracle-worke'r. These saints are celebrated in functions include the reading of the hymns and popular songs, which Friday sermon, the registration of marriages, and general arbitration have served to inspire the fanatics in civil and religious matters. His jurisdiction may extend over more of many of the Mappilla outbreaks. than one district or over only a Here is one quoted in the West part of one and may include sev- Coast Spectator, (July, 1922) : eral minor mosques. At present Malabar se.ems to have religious "The pleasures of wealth or of family contact chiefly with the Arabs of "are not equal to an atom of celestial the Persian Gulf who carryon a "happiness. Our most venerable Prophet considerable trade in sailing ves- "has said that those who die in battle sels with Calicut. "can see the houris who will come to wit- "ness the fight. There is nothing in this The main festival celebrated by "world to compare with the beauty of the Mappillas is, of course, the Bakh "houris. The splendour of the sun, of Eed or Perunal, in the third month "the moon, and of the lightning is darkafter Ramazan. The festival com- "ness compared with the beauty of their memorates Abraham's offering of "hair which hangs over their shoulders. Ishmael, and every Mappilla who can afford it must sacrifice a he- "If they clap their hands, the clash of goat or a bullock, and distribute "their jewels will be heard at a distance the flesh amongst his friends, his "of 50 years' journey. They clap their relations and the poor. "hands, dance and sing, as they come "like swans to the battle-field. If a The Mappillas also observe the "human being were to see their beauty, ninth and tenth days of Muharram "their dance, or their smile he would die "on the spot. Gently they touch the as special fast days and each local "wounds of those who die in battle, they saint has his annual festival. "rub away the blood and cure the pain, "they kiss and embrace the martyrs, give Though magic is condemned by "them to drink of the sweet water of the Koran, the MappiIIa is very "heaven and gratify their every wish." superstitious, and witchcraft is not by any means unknown. His re- With such a repertoire of songs ligion betrays not a few traces of we are not surprised that the Mapprimitive animism and ancestor worship. Celebrated Tangals such pillas are notorious for their faas the tangals of Mambram, men naticism. From time to time they of holy and austere life, are freely canonized and their tombs become have been guilty of jihad or holy holy shrines and popular places of war against their Hindu neighbors pilgrimage ziyarat. Canonization with such dreadful cruelty as re- minds one of the Turkish atrocities against Armenians.

The various Mappilla outbreaks may be attributed to three main causes, poverty, agrarian discon- tent and fanaticism, of which the last is probably the chief. Poverty is still extreme in the fanatical zone, and is no doubt to some ex- tent accentuated by the Mappilla practice in the south of dividing

THE MAPPILLAS OF MALABAR

up the property of the father houses burnt. Murders, dacoities, among his wives, sons and daugh- forced conversions and outrages on ters. The Tenants Improvements Hindu women became the order of Act has done much to protect the the day. Hindu refugees in thou- tenant from ruinous eviction. Fa- sands poured into Calicut, Pal- naticism, however, is still strong ghat, the Cochin State, and other in the land, and education, for all places, wending their weary way the expenditure on Mappilla over hills and through jungles for schools, has made but little prog- safety from the lust and savagery ress among the community. The of their Moslem neighbors.

repressive policy initiated in 1854 It was a rude shock to the pro- has had a salutary effect. The fin- moters of Hindu-Moslem unity and ing of whole villages has brought the Khilafat agitators. Once more home to the community a sense of the real character of Islam was its responsibility for its unruly revealed. The British Government members, as was proved in 1896 suppressed the rebellion by rigor- and again in 1898; the most en- ous military operations and re- lightened Mappillas enlisted on the stored order after severe measures, side of law and order; and the including the deportation of some Pukkoya Tangal, who as a de- thousands of the rebels. At pres- scendant of the Prophet is almost ent peace reigns in Malabar; Is- worshiped by the Mappillas of lam, however, is still growing and Ernad and Walavanad, issued a increasing.

pamphlet sternly denouncing out- Slowly but surely, like an on- breaks as opposed to true religion. coming tide, the Mohammedan The fanatical zone was opened up population of Malabar has grown by good roads; and durin~ the year by year. Originally an alien Ramazan fast, when religious en- minority they have continued to thusiasm is easily roused, the spe- spread their faith by marriage, by cial police force were distributed social pressure and more recently over the zone, and signallers keep through schools and the press.

the various detachments in touch Two decades ago many low-caste with one another and with the Hindus embraced Islam. We read troops at Malappuram. in the census report for 1881:– All these precautions, however, "Conspicuous for their degraded did not prevent the rebellion of position and humiliating disabili- 1921. For a full account see "The ties are the Cherumans. This caste Moplah Rebellion 1921" by Divan numbered 99,009 in MaJabar at Bohadur C. Gopalan Nair, (Cali- the census of 1871 and in 1881 is cut 1923). Over a wide tract of returned an only 64,725. This is country, in an incredibly short a loss of 34.63 per cent instead of space of time, communications of the gain 5.71 per cent observed all kinds were wrecked or ob- generally in the district. There structed; public offices and courts 'are therefore 40,000 fewer Cheru- were attacked and records de- mans than there would have been stroyed, police stations were plun- but for some disturbing cause, and dered of arms and ammunition and the disturbing cause is very well civil government was brought to a known to the district officer to be .standstill. Over one hundred Hin- conversion to Mohammadanism.

du temples were sacked and many 'The honor of Islam' once con-

ferred on a Cheruman, or on one title Yuvalokam (i. e. "Young of the other low castes, he moves Man's World"). The book shops at one spring several places higher at Calicut had Arabic and Persian socially than that which he origi- as well as Urdu and Malayalam nally occupied and the figures, cor- literature on sale. Within the roborating what has been actually Mallabar area there. are no less observed in the district, show that than twenty-three Moslem presses, nearly 50,000 Cherumans and oth- which use the Arabic and Malaya- er Hindus have availed themselves lam characters for all kinds of of the opening." tracts and books. At Calicut there Low-caste women, for instance, are two presses; at Ponnani where go over to Islam in considerable there is also a Moslem theological numbers every year to become the school there are six; at Tillichery wives of Moslems, and in some sec- nine, and others are at Tirurangadi tions whole villages have embraced and Ottopalam. We secured a cat- the faith. More particularly the alogue of one press "M. P. Aboo population of the Mappillas on the Backer Aboo, cap-merchants and West Coast increased during the Arabic book-sellers" which tells last census decade (1911-21) by 6 the whole story. They offer, in per cent. "It is only reasonable," Malayalam, Koran portions, gram- says the census report, "to con- mars, commentaries, manuals of jecture that this increase, which devotion, lives of the Prophets and is more than double that of the of their saints and the usual con- population of the locality, is due troversial tracts against Chris- to conversion, especially when we tianity and Hinduism-over six find that the Cheruman population, hundred items in one catalogue.

which provides most of the Map- Magic and astrology play a large pilla recruits, has fallen during the part in the life of the people. Here decade by 7,000, or two per cent. as elsewhere in South India the It is estimated, indeed, that of the Nagshabandi and Shathali Der- Moslem popUlation in Malabar wish orders are strong and saint nearly 75 per cent, are the result worship is common.

of forced conversions." We did not notice during our It would be wrong, however, to short visit any special signs of conclude that the sword has been fanaticism at Calicut. On the con- and is the strength of Islam in trary we learned from Bahrein and Malabar. Today the Mappillas are Kuwait Arabs whom we met in themselves somewhat ashamed of the streets and who recognized us the scenes of violence that made as old friends that the Mappillas their community notorious. We learned their severe lesson in the visited their high school at Calicut, last outbreak and are now unwill- were entertained at a tea party by ing to be deceived again by nation- a leading progressive Moslem and alist agitators into disloyalty to learned from him and others of Britain. In one mosque there was the educational program proposed some hesitation in their welcome to uplift the ignorant villagers. to a stranger, but this was an ex- The press is a sure index' to the ception. At a special out-door life of a people. The leading Ma- meeting in the shaded courtyard layalam newspaper (of which there. of the Y. M. C. A. I was privi-.

are several) bears the significant leged to speak to a large gathering

THE MAPPILLAS OF MALABAR

of young men. A German mis- course of introduction for catechu- sionary presided and after hearing mens explaining the Christian creed, a message on "The Christ of His- the Christian Society and Baptism. The Trinity and Unity.

tory," one hundred and thirty-six The Christian Scriptures and Inspiramen came forward to receive a copy of the gospel in their own tion. The Christian meaning of Prayer, with examples of some ways of prayer tongue and promised to read it. and some prayers from the Bible. The brethren of the Basel Mis- The Christian meaning of Sin, Repent- ance and Forgiveness.

sion stationed at CaHcut showed The Crucifixion, the fact, the story, the us much kindness. Their work, meaning for our lives. established many decades ago, has Explanation (possibly in catechism form) of misunderstood terms, like however been almost exclusively Son of God, Inji!, Ruh Allah. among the Hindu population. The Mohammedans were neglected to Terms accepted by Moslems need just as much explaining as terms rejected; e. g., tauba, din salat, church, mar- such an extent that the only litera- riage. ture for Moslems we could find was A book -of Christian Morals in story a Malayalam gospel of Luke in form; i. e., Ten Commandments and the Sermon on the Mount, illus- Arabic character! When we trated by true stories, some from studied the map and prayed over the Bible.

Rhymes, choruses, hYmns, versified the situation the following resolu- psalms; i. e., something to give a tions were passed: social character to the new teaching. The Christian view of Marriage, the The Conference of Missionaries Home, the Family.

feels the necessity of evangelistic A short tract to answer the question, "What Is Christianity?" work among the Moslems in Mala- Stories of Conversion and Christian Ex- perience. bar and is glad if some Missionary Society can take up this special The next time your pastor an- work in friendly relation with the nounces "0 for a thousand tongues Basel Mission. to sing, my dear Redeemer's Rev. K. Shaefer is requested to praise" will you think of this one work out a survey of Mohammedan tongue in which His praise has not literature in Malabar. yet been sung by Moslem lips and The Conference is thankful if will you help provide Malayalam some contribution can be given for literature? For two thousand dol- the publication of literature for lars a large part of this minimum program could be published. * the Moslems.

The very least we can do for It is not surprising that the these neglected people is to inter- Mappillahs have not yet learned to pret Christ for them in their own love their Hindu landlords whose language. A minimum program of hand has often been hard with opliterature would include brief pression. They often have misuntracts or booklets on the following derstood the stern, strong hand of subjects: British law and justice. Only the pierced hand of Christ and sacri- A short life of Christ in terms compre- ficial love for His sake will win hensible to Moslems and including His Heavenly Session, His interces- them to His allegiance. Who will sion and His ultimate Judgments of respond to the challenge of Cali- the Worlds. cut?

The chief O. T. stories in terms compre- hensible to Moslems with emphasis • Gifts should be sent to the American Chris~ on preparation for the coming tian Literature Society for Moslems. Treas- urer! Mrs. E. E. Olcott, 322 W. 75th St., New Christ, and on moral training. A York City.

BACK OVER FORTY

Changes Wrought in a Generation of Christian Missions in Japan BY MRS. FREDERICK S. CURTIS, Shimonoseki, Japan Missionary oj the Board of Foreign Mission-s of the Presv1ltflrian Olturoh., U. ~~. A..

M ANY things of late have gether at the feet of the Lord of carried our minds back to the Harvest. the early days in Japan, forty years ago. The last Sunday This year the churches in this in March we spent in Yamaguchi, region are celebrating the fiftieth our home thirty-five years ago. anniversary of the opening of The first installation of a pastor Christian work in the province, by was a joyful occasion and many Dr. Alexander and several Japawere in attendance, but only one nese pastors. resident member who was there Past Difficulties when we left, twenty-seven years In the church in Shimonoseki ago. Most. of the members seem we heard one or two of the old to belong to the constantly mov- elders tell of the persecutions and ing official and professional classes difficulties encountered, and it and students. brought to mind some experiences The kindergarten that was of forty years ago, and even later, opened by me there still flourishes. in Hiroshima and in this region.

Its first teacher was the first young Then small but angry mobs were woman that Mr. Curtis examined gathered by opposers, workers and baptized during our first year were pursued and stones thrown, in Japan, and she was one of the though no great damage was done.

first pupils in our school, which We had come out to Japan with is now a part of Sturges Seminary the impression gained by Dr.

in Shimonoseki. She is an earnest Knox's tales of the eager interest Bible student and worker for God, shown in "Western religion" but in her own home and the church arrived to find that the tide had in Osaka. The kindergarten in turned and the Good News we Yamaguchi has been used to bring brought was usually resented or about a new attitude in the town received coldly. We and our pos- toward the Gospel, for hundreds sessions and ways, in that interior of children have passed through town, were often the objects of its classes and Sunday-school and wild curiosity.

have learned the gospel story and What a change there has been something of prayer. One longs in this respect! There are no call- to follow them as they are scat- ers now who come for sight-see- tered now, not only around in the ing. If one stops to make a region of Yamaguchi and neigh- purchase in an open shop, crowds boring towns but in far distant do not shut out the light and air parts of the Empire, to see .what and no children's voices call out precious seed has come to frUItage. rude epithets. Then there were Thank God we shall see it some no truly "foreign" clothes in the glorious day when we rejoice to- interior except our own, though, 710 like the famous "Japan-instead-of- than the alteration in this respect.

Coffee" brand of nectar in blue- We no longer feel outsiders or un- rimmed foreign-shaped coffee cups, wanted, as we walk and talk with offered to high-class callers of that the people. What an unforgettable day, there were numerous "Japan- experience to kneel with one who instead-of-suits" seen parading the has entered The Way, and join streets, to our secret glee. with him in praise as he pours out Then we could wear, in the in- his soul in gratitude that through terior, a hat or a dress as long as you God led him to the Way of Life!

it was in good condition, without It is not only Christians who let feeling out-of-date, but now, when us draw near, but almost every- clerks and vendors go to church where and anywhere we try, it is or feasts in natty suits, and school- easy to get a friendly response.

girls and others consult fashion Doubtless there was much of fault sheets from France and employ in our own earlier attitude and skilful foreign-clothes tailors, we that stood in our way, but there are forced to consider our ways is, in this part of the country, at occasionally and not wait till it is any rate, a very pronounced friend- time to sail home on furlough be- liness and we feel no longer aliens fore we ask our anxious relatives and foreigners but "neighbors."

to send us "something fit to wear." As I think of the meetings held As autos of all kinds toot and in our own house now, whether scoot through towns and villages, children's, English Bible classes or and even children scuttle out of ordinary evangelistic, and recall the way, one almost catches the the first meetings in our Hiroshima breath to recall the children and home, during our second year in old people who once serenely Japan, another great contrast is halted traffic by their indifference evident. Then people came to lis- to the "Hai, hai!" of the jinrikisha ten somewhat as the Athenians puller. There were no horns in did of old, while Mr. Curtis talked those days, but the old-fashioned in such Japanese as he had been jinrikisha, with its hard springs able to drag out of his "teacher"

and steel tires, and the loosely set or find in Hepburn's dictionary of wheel-hubs, kept up an incessant 180 odd pages of translated Eng- jangle to tell us it was near. lish words. Now, in a large num- No Longer Aliens but Friends ber of cases, thpse who come have a more or less intelligent idea of One of the hardest things to what the basal teaching is and bear, in those days, was the fre- have a willingness or wish to learn quent reminder that we were more. It has amazed me again aliens, constantly and critically ob- and again, in seemingly the most served. The wearying clatter, clat- unlikely 'quarters to find that in ter of hurrying clogs, trying to the street, in Sunday-school or keep up with the foreign stride, from friends, and lately, of course, as we walked abroad, made such from evangelistic articles in the recreation unattractive, for we newspapers, some gospel message felt no friendliness in the attitude has been heard.

of those about us. I think there In old days we were looked up- is nothing more welcome in the on as here for some advantage to changes the years have brought ourselves, but on the part of very

many now our real purpose is un- He had hardly begun to talk with derstood, even though it may not me when he half arose from his be acceptable, and those who feel chair and said eagerly, "I was bapno need of spiritual help for them- tized in November." Then we both selves cordially recommend it to sprang up and shook hands again. others, saying even to their wives He told me he had not thought and children, "Go and hear." Just deeply until he was called back lately, a friendly doctor, who here by his mother's sudden death laughs at the thought of needing last year, and in his great lonelispiritual teaching himself, ear- ness he had turned for comfort to nestly exhorted a patient who had the Saviour of whom he had heard suffered much to seek us and get so often. He willingly promised comfort, because our teaching was to come to class and tell the others, "good and not harmful." The and did so most modestly but earnest faces in our English Bible frankly, and then prayed ferventclass, while the Bible lesson is be- ly, asking especially for faithfuling discussed, replies that show a ness "unto death." conviction of the truth of what is taught and references to "our One method of work which we Lord" on' the part of some who used almost from the beginning, have not yet professed to be Chris- as many others have done, but tians, fill us with hope and incite which we have laid increasing emto renewed prayer and effort. In phasis upon, is the giving, loaning the interior, years ago, such classes and selling of suitable, spiritual would have been impossible, I be- booklets and books. Every new lieve. Of course many attend only publication of worth for our purfor a short time, finding the claims poses we have tried to put into of Christ more than they are will- our Loan Library or, often, use ing to face. Ordinarily such work for gifts at Christmas and on other seems to be the plowing, clearing occasions. We have learned of out of stones and seed sowing. The great blessing received through seed may be in good ground but carefully chosen books. Ourown it is still too cold. After students cook, who is a very earnest Chrisgo to higher schools and are put tian, was awakened by a paper in touch with Christian workers given to an associate, and Chrisnear, in one case after another, tians in sorrow or doubt are conere long happy letters come telling stantly being helped. One man, a of having openly confessed Christ. firm Christian, a member of the English Bible class, had expressed We try to keep in touch with his doubts of the Old Testament former students who welcome our as history, but readily accepted the letters, and occasionally; one will loan of two small books and the visit the city and call or come to advice to ask God what He would the class meeting once more. Sev- have him believe. The books were, eral who have done this have given "What Use Did the Lord Jesus testimony for Christ before the Make of the Old Testament?" and members in attendance. One young "Stones That Speak." man who had begun coming to the class as a mere boy and is now As he handed them back the studying in a distant city, called next week, he smiled appreciativeduring this last spring vacation. ly and said, "I believe that the Old Testament is true."

INDIANS YESTERDAY

TODAY BY REV. J. M. CORNELISON, Pendleton, Oregon C ONDITIONS among the In- erally think. The elements of this dians are very different livelihood were secured in far-sep- among the different tribes. arated places which easily accounts What is true of Indians in one part for the roving. They did usually of America may be false and mis- have a winter camp which was leading somewhere else. My ex- more or less a permanent abode, periences go back a little less than and there was built the winter thirty years and relate to the In- lodge, or tepee, very different dians of the Northwest, more par- from the summer abode. Then ticularly the Cayuses and Nez again, the Indians were nomadic Perces of Oregon and Idaho. and lived in a state that enabled All history knows that one hun- them to move in a hurry, for which dred years ago the Indians of the there was a very potent reason, Northwest had not heard the Gos- namely their enemy. Generally pel, in fact had seen few white speaking, every other tribe was men, except the Hudson's Bay their enemy. White people have trappers and the men of the Lewis been accustomed to think of the In- and Clark expedition sent out by dian men as lazy, and thought they the United States Government in put all the burden on the women.

1804-05.· The missionaries went The Indian men, from time imme- in response to that Macedonian morial, were the police and vig- Call of the four Numipu (Nez ilantes of their community and Perces) who went all the way to needed to be free and untram- St. Louis, Mo., from the Oregon meled, so as to be ever on the alert country in 1832, asking for the and watch for the enemy. They white man's Book of Heaven. freely and gladly gave their serv- There have been many decided ices and lives for the protection of changes and advances in the do- their families. This was their one mestic, social, political, business, great business of life. No draft educational or religious life of the law was required to get them into Indians. Take them in this order the service of their country; nor and note some of these contrasts did they need citizens' training and changes. camps. Their whole life was one Yesterday the Indians were of training for the defense of their nomadic, roving, living in tepees, people. They gave themselves to for very good reasons. They moved it with joy and were honored for with the seasons to obtain their deeds of bravery. The man who livelihood which consisted in hunt- shunned such service had poor ing, fishing, gathering of roots, standing in the community and berries and fruits which they dried was shunned by the people, espe- and preserved in various ways and cially by the fair women. No man stored for winter. They were not could stand such a gaff. With these improvident, as white people gen- centuries upon centuries of train- 713

ing in such a "standing army," so day schools. This was not neces- to speak, we should be a little more sary in the roving days when chil- patient with the Indian man who dren were not in school. The chil- does not easily get behind the dren, not having permanent homes to which to return more easily, lost their culture.

The social life of the Indians of yesterday was largely seen in the dances at certain seasons of the year, coordinating largely with the winter and summer solstices, so following all nations in this cus- tom. There were also the mar- riages and feasts; and particularly the feasts at certain seasons of the year, like the feast of first fruits and roots in the spring, the first run of salmon. And then, too, the feasts for the dead. The "eats"

loomed large in the Indians' social life. Let those not guilty of the same "sin" cast the first stone. To- TYPICAL OLD S'l'YLE INDIAN HOME day the "younger generation" of IN OREGON Indians follow much along the plow, or into some business. These same lines conforming more or less things will come to them, as they to the conventionalities of the did to our own savage, fighting white people, which customs they forebears when they had emerged have learned well in the schools. from the deep forests and the fear Our Indian women's societies can of their lurking enemy. prepare and serve as palatable and modern a banquet as any women. Today, since the Indians' liveli- hood comes largely from the rent of their lands, or from farming it themselves, they have become more stationary in their homes and habits of life. Tepees are gone, except as used for summer camps, as white people use tents. Per- manent homes have been built, many of which have all modern improvements. There has been a decided evolution in this home building. First was the tepee, A TYPICAL INDIAN HOME OF TODAY then a lean-to or shack, then a bet- AMONG THE UMATILLAS OF OREGON OR THE NEZ PERCES OF IDAHO ter house, and now a modern bungalow with electric lights and They, too, have the "flaming youth"

other conveniences. Now, some one who dance all the modern dances must stay at home to keep house to modern jazz, and play Sunday and care for the children in the baseball. The modern "flapper"

AMERICAN INDIANS YESTERDAY AND TODAY

who bobs her hair and "rolls them Yesterday few Indians had been down" can also be seen. to school. Today most Indians Yesterday the Indian was po- from forty to thirty years old down litically a nonentity. Today he is have a fair education, many of a citizen and votes. And he votes high-school grade. The boys have with discrimination where the mis- generally learned some trade, and sionary has been awake enough to point out the issues and the right men to the Indian constituency.

Their Temperance Societies have spelt failure and defeat to many a "wet" candidate locally.

Yesterday the Indian may have been a poor business man. He may have been "jobbed," as they say, many times. But today, if I want to sell some sort of "gold brick," I would go to New York with better hopes of selling my wares, than to try to sell them to "Lo, the poor Indian." Old man "Lo" long since died. The Indian of today is a fairly keen business man and understands that credit in any place of business, or at any bank, depends on a good name and a reliable character. To beat him in a trade one needs to "get up be- fore day," as they say in the west.

The late Mose Johnson, a well- known Indian character around Pendleton, Oregon, once paid his account to a Pendleton merchant and demanded a receipt. The mer- chant said, "That is all right, Mose, I will mark it off the books." Said Mose : "No, sir. Me take receipt.

Some day, maybe soon, you die.

Me look all over Hell for you. No find you. Maybe so, me pay bill again. Me take paper now."

Mose got his receipt, and in- "PARSON MATANIC" OF THE cidentally the merchant learned CAYUSE TRIBE where Mose expected to find him the girls have learned domestic when he died. The Indian will work. Very few have gone to or mortgage his property to get some through college. To keep the chil- much-desired object, like a big dren in the day schools the truant automobile, sO "keeping up with officer is often needed – which is the Joneses." Who has a stone to just as true of many white com- throw? munities.

Lastly, it can be said of the In- Christ to drive out the evil spirit. dians, as Paul said of the Athe- He has worked and keeps on worknians, "in all things I perceive that ing mightily in the hearts and lives ye are very religious." The Indian of some of these fine Indian men is a religious, worshipful being. and women. As of old, some His mind and soul are peopled with mocked, but certain men believed spirits, both good and bad. One among whom also were Philip Minhas no trouble to get the Indian's thorn, Parsons Motanic, James mind to grasp the teaching of an Kash Kash and many women. It is invisible Spirit who leads us and the same story as told in the Acts. directs us. This is true of any people who have an animistic religion. So it comes about that in less In their minds and souls a channel than one hundred years from the time that the four Numipu (Nez AN INDIAN PRESBY'l'ERIAN CHURCH ON TilE UMATILLA RESERVATION, OREGON has been cut by age-old customs Perces) went to St. Louis in 1832 and rites in religion. The cere- asking for the white man's Book of monies that cut the channels were Heaven, the Spirit of God, working false and need to be cleaned out in and through that Book, has litand the true placed in the channels. erally transformed these people. The missionary or religious teacher Not all are Christians, but their who does not see and capitalize this whole social order, home life, busifact is lacking in tact and observa- ness life, social life, political life tion. Paul was stirred by the and religious life is shot through idolatry but he began to proclaim and through with Christian prin- Jesus and the resurrection so as to ciples and Christian ideals. Fiintroduce the new and the true in nally, in this same Northwest, you place of the old and the false. will find little groups of Indians who have hardly been touched by So into this animistic channel I the Gospel. This is doubtless true have ever striven to put the teach- in many other parts of America. ing about the great Spirit Jesus

CAVES

THE PROGRESS OF THE GOSPEL IN SPAIN BY THE REV. J. H. HORSTMANN, St. Louis, Missouri Editor of The Evatlgelicat lJerald "WHENSOEVER I go unto to discover all the facts concerning Spain," wrote the Apostle the spreading of Christianity in Paul to the Christians in that land of mystery and romance. Spain was an important country Rome, just before his departure in the days of the apostle. Auguson what was to be his last journey tus and his generals had converted to Jerusalem. He was planning, it into a Roman province, under after accomplishing his visit to the authority of a proconsul in- Rome, to bring the word of the vested with civil authority only. Cross to what was "the uttermost Later when the cities of Spain part of the earth," as it was then were placed under a uniform conknown. stitution and laws, Spain became one of the most influential coun- Did the Apostle ever succeed in tries of the empire and a center bringing the Gospel to the pillars of Roman civilization. Some of of Hercules? To whom does Spain the most distinguished Latin writowe its first knowledge of Chris- ers under the empire, such as the tianity? How and when did the two Senecas, Lucan, Martial, Quinfirst Christian churches there orig- tilian, and others, were natives of inate? No one knows. Only leg- Spain. ends tell of the places that Paul is said to have visited, and of the A legend has it that Alexander beginnings of Christianity in His- the coppersmith, who did so much pania. Only here and there can evil to Paul (2 Tim. 4: 14), was a few facts be discovered, scat- converted by James, the son of tered, flickering lights, as it were, Alphreus, whose faithful helper he which make one all the more eager 717

then became and finally accompa- (586 A. D) gave the corrupt Latin nied him to Spain. According to language predominance over the this legend, however, Alexander Gothic, and after that time the was a blacksmith (it is interest- unity of the Spanish nation was ing to note that Moffat's transla- maintained by the Catholic reli- tion also describes him thus) and gion and the political influence of he plied his trade on the long jour- the clergy.

ney from Palestine to Spain, which For two centuries the Church was made by land. It was also flourished, chiefly as a result of with shoes fashioned by this mas- the constructive efforts of Isidore, ter, the legend has it, that the bishop of Seville (560-636), whose white charger was shod which, on diligence in contending for the July 16,1212, brought James again pure faith against the remnants from heaven to help the Crusad- of Arianism, as well as his earnest ers win a glorious victory over the labors for education, made him a Moors. The hammer with which prominent figure in the church of Alexander is said to have wrought that day. His refusal to persecute is still shown in the cathedral at the Jews, contrary to the spirit of Santiago, and horseshoes made by his time, shows him to have been him are shown in several Asturian truly great.

churches. He is the patron saint The Moslems and After of Spanish blacksmiths, who like to name their sons after him. With the Moslem invasion in 711 Beginnings in Spain there began a dark period for the Church in Spain. While the Chris- Christianity seems to have been tians were allowed free exercise introduced quite early into Spain of their religion, and also retained and the churches there were ap- their language, laws and magis- parently in fairly close touch with trates, (as long as they paid trib- those in Gaul, Italy and northern ute and did not attack the Moslem Africa. The same controversies faith), bitter divisions frequently which agitated these churches sprang up in families where one were discussed also in Spain, as parent followed Mohammed and records of the fourth and fifth cen- the other followed Christ. The turies show. The disorganization Moslems, whose language, manners and confusion following the fall of and culture prevailed in all the the Roman empire facilitated the large centers of the country, often conquest of the country by the showed their contempt for Chris- Vandals, who gave the name of tianity, and in return received in- Vandalusia (now Andalusia) to sult from its more hot-blooded ad- the southern part of the peninsula. herents.

Soon afterward, however, the Visi- With the decisive defeat of the goths, after a long struggle, suc- Moslems on the plains between ceeded in conquering the whole Tours and Poitiers, in the heart of peninsula. Since the Goths were France, by Charles Martel in 732, strongly Arian in their faith there the tide of Moslem advance was was constant conflict between them stemmed and EUrope was saved and the orthodox Roman Catholic from the danger of being overrun population. Under Reccared I. the by the disciples of the Arabian introduction of the Catholic faith prophet. But for more than seven

THE PROGRESS OF THE GOSPEL IN SPAIN

centuries the nation was engaged and the new life of the Reforma- in a tremendous and often des- tion could not thrive.

perate struggle for its political and religious life, and it is no wonder Attempts at Reformation that the constant conflict left an Nevertheless, twenty years beindelible impress upon the charac- fore Luther nailed his theses on ter of the Spaniard. It could not the church door at Wittenberg, the be otherwise than that such a fierce Spanish Church felt the purifying and persistent struggle should influence of a reformation largely make those who were forced to Protestant in spirit and aims. wage it serious and solemn, even When Queen Isabella had brought fanatical and relentless in their ways of thinking and acting.

The distress and suffering of the Church in Spain brought about a close approach to Rome, which remained when efforts were made to suppress the reform movements of the Albigenses and Waldenses, and finally of the Protestants.

Thus the Inquisition found a fruit- ful soil in the fanatical zeal of the Spaniard to persecute and convert heretics, Moors and Jews. Ferdi- nand and Isabella welcomed it as an aid in their conquest of Grana- da, last and greatest Moorish stronghold (1492), and the relent- less and cruel zeal of Torquemada not only helped to satisfy Isabel- la's sincere but fanatical zeal for the purity of the faith, but also TOUR DE CONSTANCE, SPAIN filled Ferdinand's coffers with J ew- ish and Moorish gold. about the union of the states to In Spain there was no response form the Spanish Kingdom, 1492, to the Renaissance. The seed of she also conceived a plan to reform the new learning seemed unable the Church, and Ximenes de Cis- to grow in the hard and sterile neros was authorized to restore soil. There were famous schools, the strict monastic discipline in but knowledge-at best a foreign, the convents and to purge the secu- Moorish plant-was bound in the lar clergy of the abuses which were fetters of scholasticism. There was common to the time. Having im- extensive commerce and trade but proved the morals of the Spanish it was in the hands of the despised clergy, he set himself to overcome Jews. There was religious zeal, their ignorance and lack of culture.

but it was devoted merely to out- The reading and study of the Bi- ward and petrified formalities. ble were made a special feature There were knights and warriors, in their training, something pre- but no peasants nor burghers. Un- viously unknown; new schools of der such conditions the new spirit theology were established and in

1502 a band of scholars in Alcala before his installation as Bishop undertook, at the expense of Cis- of Tortosia; Don Carlos de Seso, neros himself, the preparation of a distinguished nobleman who did the celebrated Complutensian Poly- much for the Protestant cause glot. throughout Spain; Jayme and Francesco de Enzinas, the latter The coming of a Spanish monarch to the imperial throne in 1520, of whom translated the first Spanas Charles V, opened the door for ish version of the New Testament Lutheran and Reformed teachings into Spain. Luther's teachings and had it printed at Antwerp were received with general favor (1543) for distribution in Spain. among educated classes, and for Besides, many converts of monks a time their spread was helped by and nuns, especially those in the the liberal tendencies above re- neighborhood of Seville and Vallaferred to, as well as by the tem- dolid, were largely leavened with porizing policy of the emperor in the Protestant heresy. dealing with Luther and the Protestant princes in Germany. It was These beginnings were effectualeven asserted by the emperor's ly suppressed by the Inquisition, confessor, ,who himself favored which, as the joint instrument of Protestantism, that Charles secret- civil and religious absolutism, asly sympathized with the movement sumed its sternest form in Spain and hoped to use Luther as a lever and made use of the most drastic for forcing upon the German and arbitrary methods. With the churches a reformation after the same relentless energy which had Spanish model. saved the nation from the outward enemy, the Church, supported by Soon, however, a change in the a1l the power of the King, turned policy of Charles and the gradual against the new enemy at home. reaction against reform among the The same desperate determination Spanish clergy narrowed the cir- with which the Spaniard had decle of its adherents to the more fended his religion and his nationearnest and daring spirits, and aft- al life led him to idolize his church er the Diet of Augsburg, 1530, the and offer human sacrifice upon her Protestants were subjected to a altars. After fighting so fiercely persecution constantly growing in and desperately for his religion, severity. why hesitate at torture and death for those who attacked and would Notable among the converts to destroy what had been preserved the new teaching were Alphonso at such a terrible cost? And the Valdes, secretary of Charles V; Spanish Inquisition acted without Alphonso de Bernaldez, chaplain to respect to persons. Neither rank the emperor, who suffered condem- nor political influence, neither nation in 1537; Carranza y Mi- wealth nor fame could shield its rando, archbishop of Toledo, who victims. If other nations perished was condemned for holding Prot- in luxury and immorality, Spain estant views; de Valera, who laid committed suicide as a religious the foundation of the church in monomaniac. Seville and was condemned by the Inquisition in 1541; Juan Gil (Dr. The Protestant forces in Spain Egidius), famous preacher of Se- were paralyzed and finally overville, condemned for heresy just come, however, not so much by the violent persecution at home, as by

THE PROGRESS OF THE GOSPEL IN SPAIN

the unfavorable impressions made time. On the stone floor of her by the actions of Protestants cell she had laboriously scratchep abroad. The uprising of the Ger- with her knitting needle, the word man peasants in 1524 caused great Resistez! (Stand firm!) and un- alarm among the privileged classes derneath Au ciel, (To heaven!) as in Spain against the introduction an encouragement to those who of doctrines which seemed to fo- came after her. For more than a ment revolution elsewhere. The century this tower was used as a alliance of Protestant princes of prison for women who had em- Germany with Francis I of France, braced the evangelical faith.

the bitter enemy of Spain, and the The Dawn of Religious Liberty later revolt of the Protestants in the Netherlands against Spanish If fanatical patriotism allied rule, caused Protestants to be with ecclesiasticism crushed the looked upon not only as heretics Protestant movement in Spain in but as traitor~ and rebels and made the sixteenth century, it has been it more and more difficult for loyal an enlightened patriotism arrayed Spaniards to embrace Protestant- against ecclesiasticism that has af- ism. forded a shield for the evangelical With the accession of Philip II, forces in Spain in modern times.

the work of exterminating heretics The radical and revolutionary phil- was begun in earnest, and in 1559 osophy of the French scepticism the first auto da Ie was celebrated of the eighteenth century early at Valladolid, combining the fea- found an easy although restricted tures of a religious festival and ground in Spain. The cataclysm popular holiday, and thereafter the of the French Revolution did still work of executing Protestant vic- more to disseminate the seeds of tims in the principal cities of Spain popular freedom, and before the was conducted under the joint downfall of Napoleon, liberty was auspices of church and state. At born in Spain and prepared to en- that time it is estimated that there ter, as in other Latin countries, were about 1,000 Protestants each into the long war against absolut- in Seville and Valladolid, and a ism and clericalism. In 1812, dur- relatively large number in other ing the exile of Ferdinand VII, the sections of Spain. By 1570 how- Spanish cortes, assembled for the ever, Protestantism in Spain was first time in many years, abolished cut off, root and branch. Prac- the Inquisition, curtailed the power tically all of its converts had suf- of the clergy, and framed a con- fered either banishment or martyr- stitution. The restoration of Fer- dom, and for the three centuries dinand two years later destroyed that followed the blood of the mar- some of these results, but after his tyrs was as seed in barren soil. death in 1833, there occurred a The case of Marie Durand, a series of heated revolutionary con- peasant woman who was a prison- flicts between the liberals and the er at the Tour, de Constance, a conservative e 1erne n t s, wit h gloomy, forbidding tower in south- alternating victories but with the ern France, from her seventeenth anti-clerical cause steadily gaining to her fifty-sixth year, (1730-68) ground.

is typical of what was going on In 1858, and again in 1868 re- both in Spain and France at that ligious liberty and freedom of wor- 3

ship were proclaimed. But this only munity at Gibraltar, he was ormeant liberty to worship in other dained by a Waldensian committee ways than in the Church of Rome, and made Gibraltar a center for and religious tolerance was by no promoting Protestant teaching in means established. Long before Spain. During the London expothis evangelical Christians from sition he preached to his countryvarious European countries had men who visited there, and later, endeavored to bring the Gospel to under the auspices of a French Spain with variable success. The committee, went to Algiers, work- British and Foreign Bible Society ing among the thousands of Spanhad a very active agent, George iards there. At the liberation of Barrows, in the country for some Spain 1868-69, he returned and time; Spaniards in exile on account founded the Protestant church at of their political convictions met Madrid. When the French comevangelical Christians in England mittee, after 1870, was no longer and France and through them were able to assist him, Ruet entered influenced to bring the word of the service of a German mission- God to their countrymen, with the ary society and labored zealously assistance of Protestant groups in in a chapel purchased for him in Edinburgh and Southern France. 1874 by German friends. Gibraltar and Bayonne became centers for evangelical workers in Pastor Fritz Fliedner (1845- Spain through the distribution of 1901) son of Pastor Theodor Fliedtracts and Bibles. When the throne ner, the well-known founder of of Isabella II fell and the procla- German deaconess work, came to mation of liberty of conscience and Spain in 1870, and it was through worship by the new government his aid that German churches bethrew Spain open for the first time came responsible not only for the to all kinds of evangelical work, work in Madrid but also for varimissionaries came from Scotland, ous others in different parts of the England, Holland, the French country. An elementary school churches in Switzerland and from which had been established in Mad- France to support the evangelical rid was also saved in this manner. workers in Spain. Interest in the work increased Evangelical Beginnings in Germany to such an extent that at some time or other in the years The most active of these work- that followed practically all the ers was Francisco Ruet (1826-78), churches existing in the country a strolling player who, about 1840, received aid of some kind through fiad abandoned Roman Catholi- Fliedner, while his journeys from cism for Waldensian teaching and one place to another made him faprepared himself for the ministry. miliar with the conditions in all After the revolution he returned of them and won for him the conagain to Spain, preaching at Bar- fidence of all evangelical Chriscelona, where he was soon impris- tians to an unusual degree. His oned, as the result of a political acquaintance with many of the reaction. His sentence to the stake leading government officials in for heresy, was, however, com- Madrid often made it possible for muted to life-long banishment. him to prevent or relieve the per- Forming a small Protestant com- secution aimed at evangelical Christians by fanatical authorities

THE PROGRESS OF THE GOSPEL IN SPAIN

or communities. He was also in- to the school Esperanza (Hope). strumental in organizing many of After graduates from these classes the isolated smaller groups and had passed the examination prechurches into the Iglesia Evangel- scribed by the Government, thus ica Espanola. proving that this method could be successfully used, a higher insti· Fliedner devoted himself partic- tution of learning, called E[ Porularly to the establishment of vinir (The Future), was founded, Christian schools and finally a high after a strenuous effort. Without school was established. The publi- having sought it Fliedner was cation of text books, literature for children, etc., was made possible tr. ·~ru.J' ,"~r""·,,J .,r ~'r II"" through Fliedner's efforts and the support of The Religious Tract So- Wlr'~ .. {,~ T"fl fr, .,-"" ciety of London, and The Foreign ~ Sunday School Association of 1',.41.1 n;~dn(''' Brooklyn, New York. w,.t If. P.ufl//". Hc.d,..i.

A periodical for Christian homes PASTOR FRITZ FLIEDNER and families, Revista Christiana, was established in 1880 and con- pressed to buy a large site in the tinued until it became a victim of northern part of Madrid, a healthy the world war. An orphans' home and attractive part of the city. was established which finally found Hardly had the purchase been cona home in Escorial, in the identical summated than the State claimed building inhabited by Philip II a part of the ground for waterduring the time when his famous works and paid for about a tenth monastery San Lorenzo was being of the property a little more than built. the whole plot of land had cost the German mission. The completion In order to secure the means for of the heautiful building which was supporting his rapidly growing erected 1895-97, in the face of the work Fliedner published a quarter- determined opposition of zealous ly entitled .Blaetter aus Spanien, Catholic women in Madrid, of the a valuable and important record bishop, and even of the papal nunof all the events which transpired cio, and the papal secretary of in the development of evangelical work in Spain. In all his work he was ably supported by his wife, the former Miss Jeanie Brown, great-granddaughter of Prof. Dr. John Brown, of Haddington, author of the self.interpreting Bible. The missionary interest, enthusiasm and self-sacrificing devotion of Mrs. Fliedner can hardly be exaggerated.

The plan of educating Spanish children according to modern educational methods in all the wisdom of the Spaniards began to be realized in 1880, when two classes for higher education were added

state, Rampolla, taxed Fliedner's countries, but after that date arid energies to the utmost and finally owing to the war that help began helped to break down the health of to fail and the work is now in serithe resourceful and indefatigable ous danger. In a most critical situamissionary. On April 25, 1901, he tion in 1922, representatives of the passed to his reward. The final school came to the United States erection of the college was a dis- and were assisted with funds suftinct triumph for the Protestant ficient to payoff the immediate cause and El Porvenir introduced indebtedness, so that EI Porvenir a new system of teaching altogeth- is again going forward. Continued er unknown to the conservative substantial assistance, particularly Spanish high schools and colleges in the way of an adequate endowof that time. It became a model ment, is absolutely essential. for many modern schools founded by liberal-thinking people of Mad- In addition to the above, work rid. Over 300 young men have is now carried on by three Ameribeen trained in the college in the can agencies (The American Board course of thirty-two years. Most of Commissioners for Foreign Misof them occupy prominent posi- sions, The Board of Foreign Mistions in official and social circles, sions of the Methodist Episcopal some of them holding chairs in the Church, and The Southern Baptist universities. Being primarily a Convention), by various groups in missionary college, it has given to England The Spanish and Portuthe evangelical work in Spain a gese Aid Society, Anglican; The goodly number of qualified ministers, some of whom continued United Free Church of Scotland; their theological training in Ger- The Continental Mission of the many, who are now doing effective Presbyterian Church in Ireland; work in their respective mission- The Wesleyan Methodist Mission ary fields. Society; The Baptist Mission So- The Present Situation ciety, London, imd by the British and Foreign Bible Society and the The missionary work of Pastor Religious Tract Society, each of Fliedner, now under the supervi- the latter employing some fifty sion of his three sons, Theodor, workers in various parts of the Georg and Johann, is to-day one country. The Komite Het Evanof the most important missionary gelic in Spanje collects gifts from enterprises in Spain. It has eleven the Dutch churches. In France the organized churches, that in Madrid work is supported by the Comite being numerically the largest in de Bearn. In German Switzerland, Spain, eleven primary schools, one Fliedner's work is supported, while high school, an orphanage, an a Comite de Lausanne Espagnole evangelical bookshop in the heart had been organized in French of the city and various other ac- Switzerland as early as 1865. tivities. Fliedner's work is also actively sup- ported in Denmark, Sweden and Up to 1914 Pastor Fliedner's Norway, particularly through the blessed work could develop and influence of Archbishop Soderblom. thrive, thanks to the help of many friends i n Germany, Holland, The churches supported by the Switzerland, and the Scandinavian Irish Presbyterian, the German Evangelicals, the Holland Re- formed, American Northern Meth-

THE PROGRESS OF THE GOSPEL IN SPAIN

EL PORVINIR-AN INSTITli'J'ION FOR HIGHER EDUCNJ'ION IN srAIN odists and American Board, and Zaltbommel, Holland, and Dr. E. certain independent organizations, L. Schmidt is secretary. about thirty churches in all, are associated to form "The Spanish The most important discussion Evangelical Church" (dropping de- centered around the organization nominational names) looking to- of a Union Theological Seminary ward the day of independence for for Spain. Another meeting was these churches. It meets once held in Madrid, April 15-16, 1926. every two years in an advisory There were representatives from capacity. Germany, H 011 and, Sweden, France, Scotland, Ireland, Eng- About seventy-five churches rep- land and from the American Board resenting the Spanish Reformed, in the United States. The project the Plymouth Brethren, American for a Union Theological Seminary Southern Baptists, the English in Madrid was approved, the staff Wesleyan and a few scattering to consist of four professors, one churches are not affiliated with the each provided by the Irish Presby- Spanish Evangelical Church. terians, the United German Com- mittees, the Spanish and Portu- The International Spanish Evangeliza- gese Aid Society (Low Church tion Committee Anglicans) , and the American Board. These four original pro- This committee was founded in fessors are expected to teach both London on September 3, 1924, to theology and such subjects in the coordinate the forces in Europe general preparatory work as might that were helping in the evan- be necessary. Detailed statistical gelization of Spain. A second information on the work of all the meeting was held in Zurich, May evangelical forces in Spain as well 1-2, 1925. Headquarters are in

BIBLE COLPORTEUR AT WOltK as on the program of the Interna- else. It bowed him into the dust tional Spanish Evangelization and then lifted him up into heaven. Committee may be secured through It took him out of the world in the. Committee on Cooperation in which he had lived until then, and Latin America. before long bound him firmly to his Saviour. For his Saviour's Some Experiences sake he literally left brother and sister, father and mother, and be- Just what it means for a native gan his theological studies anew as Spaniard to engage in such work an evangelical Christian, passing appears from the experiences of through a severe school of dis- Don J oacquin Gonzales Molina, a cipline as teacher in a Protestant former priest. Three brothers are school in Alicante, with a very still in the Roman Catholic priest- modest salary. His mother, to hood. As a gifted and popular whom he is tenderly devoted, and preacher in a hospital in Granada, the separation from whom was he seemed to be in line for easy nearly heart-breaking to both, is and rapid promotion when, one now beginning to see the light. day, he found himself handling a Don Molina is now pastor of the Bible. His seeking mind found in evangelical church in Granada, his it what he had discovered nowhere

THE PROGRESS OF THE GOSPEL IN SPAIN

native city, where he is regarded . ican Board in 1880, and where as an apostate and a traitor; where most of the Spanish women, the priests are continually stirring teachers and wives of pastors, who up trouble for him and the boys on are now bearing the heat and the street hoot at him; where the burden of the day in the schools chapel and school have been re- and churches, received their first peatedly attacked and seriously impulse and lasting inspiration, damaged, under the very eyes of there is a small church served by a the police. All this constitutes a native pastor, Rev. Antonio Diaz, real persecution for Jesus' sake who was converted to Proteswhich this faithful servant of the tantism under remarkable circum- Master has del i b era tel y and stances. Originally a monk in a humbly accepted. And he and his monastery in Barcelona, he had family are making their home in left of his own free will, utterly three little rooms which barely dissatisfied with his spiritual extake care of their furniture and perience there, but with no thought are separated from the school of embracing Protestantism. He room only by three folding screens. was of course disowned by his At San Sebastian, in the north- family and for a few years wanern part of Spain, where Rev. and dered about from pillar to post, Mrs. Wm. H. Gulick began a with no fixed employment, and flourishing work under the Amer- frequently down to the last penny.

THE ENTRANCE TO THE CHURCH OF l'Hl<l ~'LunDNER MISSION, MADRID

One summer night in Bilbao, as . neously in several Catholic pulpits, Dr. Bowers tells the story, while stating that in the case of families walking through a street fair, Diaz who persisted in remaining in was an eye-witness of a brutal houses owned by that man, no bap- vitriol throwing, staged by some tisms would be performed, no last young rowdies under clerical in- sacraments given, and no burials fluence, directed against a small conducted in consecrated ground.

booth in the fair where Bibles A series of nine special sermons were being offered for sale. The were preached against the work by vitriol destroyed a number of a priest who had previously served Bibles and slightly injured the col- a jail term in Madrid for scurrilous porteur himself. attack against a member of the Young Diaz, who from his in- royal family on a matter of per- side knowledge of the official re- sonal dress. All this, in the year ligion of Spain understood per- 1925, in a supposedly cosmopolitan fectly what had taken place, ex- city, in continental Europe, less perienced a strong revulsion of than twenty-four hours from feeling against Rome, with a new Paris, and done in the idea of interest in Protestantism, which rendering service to God, by an or- for the first time began to attract ganization which always demands his attention. He found his way freedom of worship for itself, when to the Bilbao chapel, and through in a minority, and whose gather- his contact with the pastor there ing in Chicago last year was af- was easily won to a full allegiance forded the utmost liberty of action, to Christ. That was in 1915. in every conceivable way!

Afterward he taught several years The church, however, is still ocin the mission day-schools, mar- cupying that place, under God's ried a graduate of the Madrid protection, as the landlord develschool for girls, was ordained to oped an unexpected streak of inthe ministry, served two other pas- dependence and made no effort to torates, and is now the active eject his tenants, in spite of all dire pastor of the San Sebastian church. threats. But he will not renew the However, just as soon as it be- lease; and that means that the came known that the work was congregation will be without a again established the landlord be- place of worship again. came the victim of a storm of per- secution. A steady stream of wom- Why Evangelize Spain ~ en callers kept annoying his One day, writes Pastor Stoeffier, mother, his wife and his grown recording his impressions of Spain daughters, with frantic protests while visiting the ancient cemetery against the so-called disgrace to in Madrid, my companion pointed the city. He himself was impor- to the image of Saint Isidro, the tuned, annoyed and harrassed in a city"s patron saint, which was thousand ways to get him to disre- carved above the portal, saying: gard his two-year lease and eject "It seems that they have patched the Protestants from the premises. him up again." His name was published in the papers as a disgrace to the city. In "Who is patched up?" an effort to ruin him financially, "Saint Isidro."

sermons were preached simulta- "Was he damaged?"

THE PROGRESS OF THE GOSPEL IN SPAIN

AN EVANGELICAL PREACHING PLACE AT SANTA AMALIO, SPAIN "Yes, the shopkeepers had the countless number of special smashed him." saints for certain diseases and for all sorts of trouble. The people "Why?" even distinguish between certain "Because he had allowed it to images of this or that saint: one rain ·on the great Saint Isidro fes- is stronger than another; one is tival (a popular holiday observed highly honored and surrounded by each year on the banks of the river a multitude of votive objects, while just below the cemetery) thus another-if the owner happens to spoiling their very lucrative busi- become dissatisfied-is visited with ness." rigorous penalties for laziness and This was by no means an excep- inefficiency. If the people have tional occurrence, but a common prayed for sunshine and it happens expression of what the Spaniard to rain, the image of the saint supregards as piety. The whole life posed to be responsible is tied to a of the Spaniard, especially of the rope and hung in a well as a penwomen, is shot through with the alty. The nino (image of the inworship of the saints and Mariola- fant Christ) which one statue of try, which frequently assumes Saint Antonius holds in his arms actually grotesque forms of pagan is removable-one would not like idolatry. Not only every province to make it suffer also when a penand city has its patron saint, but alty has to be inflicted on the saint! every family-to say nothing of

The way in which Christ is re- it." There was no bitterness or garded by the people is well illus- sarcasm in his voice, only a great, trated in the following incident, deep sadness, like that of one who also related by Pastor Stoefller: A simply could not find himself. And bright little fellow showing us the how eagerly this man-and all image of Jesus among the art those around us – listened to treasures of his home, when asked Pastor Hans Fliedner as he who this Jesus was, could only say brought them the simple message Un santo (a saint). That was of the Gospel, gave them some all he knew, although he had at- evangelical literature and invited tended the church schools. It is them to visit his church in Madrid.

the same with the masses of the One Sunday after a meeting in adult population. They know Fritz Fliedner's little church in nino Jesu, the infant Christ Madrid (into which light comes shown in the pictures of saints; ·only by way of a skylight, because they are familiar with the Christ even now non-Catholic meeting on the crucifix, but Jesus himself places must not open into the is only Un santo, one saint street) the visiting speaker was among many, and very much in the greeted by an elderly woman who background at that. expressed her hap pin e s sand One man we met, a fine, intelli- warmest gratitude for what the gent, earnest veterinary, told about friends of the mission in Germany his nineteen-year-old daughter who were doing to bring the Gospel to had died that year of tuberculosis. Spain. As she turned to go, how- In her great weakness she had re- ever, there came over her coun- fused extreme unction and had tenance such a look of sadness and therefore been refused burial in the brave but bitter determination cemetery. He was greatly dis- that seemed to say: "Yes, this fel- tressed by the experience, and lowship is blessed and wonderful, said: "One thing I do not under- but after all we must fight our stand: God gives us everything battles of life alone."

free; only those who want to go What would it mean to these peo- to heaven must purchase a ticket ple, a little persecuted flock in a in the church; whether first, sec- land still covered by gross dark- ond or third class makes no differ- ness, if they could see and feel that ence, but it is impossible without all evangelical Christendom, not money, and even then one is only only in Europe but also in Amer- in purgatory! I do not understand ica, stood behind them?

THE MOST DILIGENT WORKER "Who is the most diligent bishop and prelate in all England?" asked Latimer. "Who passes all the rest in doing his office? I can tell you; you and I know him well. It is Satan." The devil is certainly the most diligent preacher of all others; he is never away from his charge; you never find him unoccupied; he is ever in his parish; he keeps residence all the time; you never find him out on a vacation; call for him when you will, he is ever at home. He is ever diligent, no loitering, but always applying himself to his business. His office is to hinder men, women and children from knowing and obeying God, to maintain superstition, to set up idolatry, and to teach all kinds of error and evil. :Millionuire of Smiles in his "Sun-kist" Corner A PARALYZED HOME MISSIONARY THE STORY OF FRANK ROY LOOPE OF SEATTLE* BY DAVID McCONAUGHY, New York Director of Departutc1lt of Stewardship, the General Council O N HIS back in a corner of tained the most expert advice from the sun parlor which his Europe. But it was more than a friends built for him, Frank case of paralyis; the limbs were Roy Loope can see with the help literally turning to stone. Before of a hand mirror the ships moving long the head and neck became rig- up Puget Sound and beyond it, the id, and the sufferer realized that snowy Olympic Range. He cannot he was shut up in a narrow cell, lift or even turn his head, yet there where all locomotion was impos- is the ring of contagious joy in sible. All hope of a home of his the cheery voice. own vanished. Then the family When Frank Loope was gradu- removed to the Pacific Coast, where ated from Harvard University he a retired spot was secured. Here was a hale and hearty young man. he lay suffering physical and men- He practiced medicine for some tal agony; bereft of all faith in time, and then suddenly developed God and man.

one of the few cases of "Mores One day his brother-in-law, an disease" known to the medical pro- insurance solicitor, noticed on a fession in this country. His father, desk of a friend of mine on whom himself a noted surgeon, took him he was calling, a check, and casual- to New York for consultation with ly remarked, "Things seem to be the best specialists and even ob- coming your way." My friend told * From 711w Presbyterian Magazine. him that this was a payment to 731 his wife for a story contributed to standing. To his bedside began a young people's periodical. to come many a caller, including "I wish my brother-in-law, not a few folks of distinction- Frank Loope, could do something travelers who brought him first- of that sort," the other replied. hand stories of far-away lands, "He is a Harvard graduate and a musicians of note, who soothed his poet, but his verses brings him no pain with their melody, singers income. Would you and your wife who thrilled his soul with their be willing to call and have a talk talent, lecturers on various sub- with him?" jects, bringing the result of years Out of the call that followed of study, research, and experience.

came the first ray of hope to the At the time of his father's death helpless invalid. Nine years had Dr. Loope became known to the passed since he had moved; only leading funeral director of the city.

his hands were still free. My This man, a Knight Templar, sug- friends awakened some interest by gested taking the invalid in an suggesting that he write a short ambulance to the next meeting of story for boys. Dr. Loope under- the Knights Templar. Though the took the task in a brave attempt proposal seemed utterly impossible, to make good. On Christmas Eve arrangements were made and car- came a check, which was hung on ried out successfully. The sufferer a Christmas tree by his bed. When returned home exhausted but radi- he saw it, tears of joy filled his antly happy. That was but the first eyes, as he exclaimed, of a series of excursions into the "I'll have that check framed and outside world, which he had sup- hung where I can see it. I have posed was forever shut to him.

something to live for now, after The vision of the stewardship of all! Perhaps I can do something life dawned upon him and he began in the world after all, instead of to plan how he might share his being such a burden to those I pleasure with others afflicted like love." himself. He commenced to organ- The earning of that money was ize parties of shut-ins, taking them the turning point in Dr. Loope's to concerts, lectures and movies.

life. He began to get his thoughts His spirit was contagious. Friends off himself, giving his whole at- rallied to his assistance in steadily tention to writing tales that might widening circles. He secured touch the hearts of others. For wheeled chairs, then more and five years my friend gave an after- more of them, until now over twen- noon a week to teaching him short- ty are in use. Automobiles were story writing, and in the course placed at his disposal, and in many of these lessons, there were many cases their owners volunteered to heart-to-heart talks about the high- drive. Space at public entertain- est things of life. Slowly but sure- ments was offered free, and many ly, the Light that never shone on times he has had more than four sea or land but only in the face hundred shut-ins out at matinees of Jesus Christ, and of those who and evening entertainments. One reflect that radiance, broke through Christmas Day, he secured the use the darkness of the imprisoned of a great railway station waiting soul. Dr. Loope found God and room where nearly five hundred the peace that passeth all under- shut-ins enjoyed a great Christmas

A PARALYZED HOME MISSIONARY

treat, with tree and entertainment the sunshine breaks out from this and refreshments and presents. "Sun-kist Corner." Great burly policemen are at his call, specially trained to handle in- In the course of their welfare valids, carrying them to and from work, my friends, Mr. and Mrs. cars as gently as a mother. W. S. Beeman, learned of a little woman whose husband had de- Tidings of what he is doing have serted his family after three little spread even to foreign lands. A girls were born, one of whom died daily newspaper offered Dr. Loope at birth. There were already two an appointment as editor of a Sun- other children-a boy a year old shine Corner, to print news of and and a girl of four. The latter had for the invalids of the Northwest. been praying for a doll that would Day after day he brightens that close its eyes. Mrs. Beeman promcorner with the very radiance of ised she should have it, and though Christ. she appealed through her Sunday- school class and received many Two telephones are installed by dolls, none were the sort for which his bed, and he is in continual touch Genevieve, the little girl, was praywith a great company of folks, near ing. Christmas was only a few and far. Into his ear they tell days off. Then, as she is wont to their problems and troubles. Sev- do in such emergencies, Mrs. Beeeral volunteer stenographers help man called up Dr. Frank Loope. him with correspondence which pours in from a wide area. Often He laughingly replied, when a case is stated, he answers, "I'm no doll factory." "Have you talked the matter over "Well, join me in praying for with God?" In many cases the this doll," was the reply. admission is made that they "never "All right, we'll pray, and see thought of such a thing." Then what happens." in the eyes of this "Millionaire of Within an hour a limousine Smiles" the wonderful light shines, drove up to Dr. Loope's door and and he goes on to say: "I know a richly dressed woman asked just how it is with you. I lost whether she could see him. Ushyears out of my own life because ered up to the sunporch, where he of my bitterness and unbelief, but lay, she hold him that she was to after I got right with God, every- have gone to a card party at that thing changed for me. You try it, hour, but, as distinctly as a human friend, I'll gladly show you the voice, an impulse had moved her way. It is so simple, and you'll find to bring him a collection of dolls that He'll help you solve all your which had been gathered from all problems, soothe your heartaches, over the world for her little girl make you forget yourself and open who had recently died. up to you a glorious way of service Dr. Loope told her of the tele- phone call he had had an hour beto others." fore. The woman told him how her own little girl had died with Thus he has led hundreds of her arms around one of the dollsmen and women and little children one that could say "Mama" and out of the darkness of despair into close its eyes. Thus Genevieve's the marvelous light of a personal prayer was answered and the friendship with the King. A single woman became a believer in prayer. instance will suffice to show how

SANG-JAI OF KOREA*

BY REV. JAMES S. GALE, D.D.

A T THE close of last century rant, teach me." He had never a well known Korean, schol- bowed low like Bartimreus to say ar and aristocrat, named Yi "Lord, that I may receive my Sang-jai came under the displeas- sight." He was still a proud man, ure of his autocratic king. The set on his own understanding, and latter had heard of expressions so he concluded that while Jesus used by Yi in his public utterances was surpassingly good and great, derogatory of Eastern rule, and he was, after all, only human.

thinking to shut off his influence This was so impressed upon him for good and all had him arrested. that he told his fellow-prisoners, Without trial or habeas corpus he great indeed was Jesus of Naz- was locked behind barred dodrs areth, greatest of human kind. So and gates to eke out a miserable would he preach him just as soon existence while a score of moons as he got out of prison. No more went by. Yi had been abroad in politics, or state reform, should America and elsewhere and had engage his attention. He would be noticed the special place the Bible an apostle of this mighty Master has in the life of Western people, who towered so far above all the a wonderful book seemingly! He East. Make him know he would, inquired for it and at last came but as for his being divine-well, into possession of one done in no, that could not be.

Chinese which he now had in With the roar of the Qpening prison with him. He had also the guns of the Japan-Russia War rebooks of Confucius that he pon- verberating through the hills of dered over and compared with this Seoul, the timid monarch, trem- Bible. Much they had in common bling with fear, sent forth a parbut the New Testament, in its gospels, was surely a special story. It don to all prisoners. Yi was thus told a marvelous tale of someone let out of prison. He betook himwhose like he had not seen before, self to a quiet home at the foot of a mysterious being. Was he God, the North Mountain there to live or was he man? The missionary safd he was God. How wonderful and teach according to his own were his words, his works, his attitudes. True enough, none of the interpretation. He was engaged Confucian sages could equal him. on plans for this purpose when one Yi looked with wonder as he morning the police suddenly apstudied these pages day after day peared, surrounded his home, and and yet he failed to make him out. ordered him to be locked up again. He could not see him clearly, for "But my offence?" asked Yi, he had not yet come to the place of Nicod-emus when he said, "How "what is it?" "We do not know," can these thingf) be? I am igno- they answered, "but the command of His Majesty is 'off to prison.' " There being no help for it, Yi wrapped up his Chinese Bible and Confucian books and made ready >I: From 11hc Evangelical Christian. to start, when the chief officer 734 said, "No books, you must leave read it through, twenty-one chapthese." "But I've always had them ters and like a breath of life it was in prison with me. What shall I to me. The next day I read it do if I cannot read?" "We do not again, and as I read I prayed that know, but the word is, 'No books'." God would open my eyes. "Would Back to the dreary round of Far- you believe it," said he, "as I read Eastern prison life went Yi with it and continued reading Jesus no books to read, no consoling rose before me, divine, the Great voice to speak him hope. What Saviour. I had been wholly wrong should he do? "It will drive me in my estimate of him. He was crazy," thought he. "Still, per- God indeed. After I had read it haps God intends I should pray. through about thirty times, one Let's accept it. His will be done." morning word came that I was Down sank the day with nothing free. "Free?" asked I of the offito break its monotony. The first cer. "Why was I arrested in the night passed with gray walls and first place, and why am I let go cold floor. Next morning as it now?" "I don't know," said he, dawned he realized his plight. Al- "but you are free." So I returned ready he had been two years in a home and on my way I asked mysimilar room but he had had his self, "Who locked me up in prisconsolation, books to read, by on? My soul answered, 'God.' means of which his soul had soared Why did He lock me up? That I away to islands of the blessed. To- might have a vision of Jesus, the day, however, he had no such help. Divine One. Who put the little book under the mat? The Holy "Was Christ divine?" "Whither Ghost, the Comforter. Thank God was all the confusion of life tend- for all his goodness." ing?" Would that he could come at an answer and that his own Thus Yi Sang-jai, Greatheart of heart might find peace. "In my Korea, came forth out of his prisdistress, unconsciously," said he, on experience to be for twenty-five "I lifted up the corner of the years apostle and teacher to his coarse reed-mat that covered my own ancient people. We who knew prison floor, when, 10, what should him, bowed before him and counted him our superior in all I see beneath it but a little book things great and good. His smile, with red cover and a Chinese in- the sound of his voice, the light scription. I looked at it and it of his eye, gave a charm of life, said, "The Gospel According to St. indescribable. On March 30, 1927, John." Had I found the elixir of he passed away. A great national life I could not liave been more funeral, the first ever held, drew overjoyed. Here was a book and I hundreds of thousands of people in could read, and such a book. I its train. read it through that day. Yes, THROUGH THE DESIRE FOR SOMETHING BETTER Columbus discovered America. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. Elias Howe produced the sewing machine. Guglielmo Marconi discovered wireless telegraphy. The Wright brothers succeeded in aviation. Thomas A. Edison has produced the phonograph and other devices. Millions of men have been led to seek the true Way of Life through Christ.

Of THE

The New China and the Missionaries death has been almost canonized as the noblest and wisest of men, T HE movement which started designated of Heaven as the several years ago at Cant.on founder of a new order for China's in a frequently announced Ill- political and social life and her ~~ tention of Southern leaders and ex- lations with the world. It was wIth iles from the North to conduct a this "Heart of Bruce" going be- "punitive expedition" against the fore it that the new expeditionary "illegally functioning Peking des- force of 1926, under Chiang Kai potism," of militarists, by milita- Shek started from Canton with rists and for militarists, and to the ~ld objective but with a new establish a constitutional repub- spirit. It executed its uniformly lie assumed many different forms victorious "whirlwind campaign" before arriving at its destination. through Hunan and Hupeh to the heart of China-the three great lCyoomfptohseed~plpirkeessDeadv,idth'sehaogsgt,rileavrgeed-, cities at the junction of the Han and the Yangtze Rivers _ then the outcast, not merely from the South but from all parts of China, down China's great artery to one it first made desultory sallies into after another of the cities and capprovinces bordering on Kwang- itals of Central China. The accretung, under various leaders, no tion of legions which knew not the leader venturing far from head- great leader, nor cared for his quarters for fear that one of his "Three Principles," but sought numerous ambitious rivals would only adventure and selfish gain, take advantage of his absence to execute a coup d'etat. These fears together with the suicidal counsels repeatedly proved themselves well- of men of another race who set founded, so that the history of class against class through the those years was largely one of bit- empty promise of a proletarian ter and often most sanguinary Utopia, brought this victorious strife among the "Constitutional- host to a halt. It broke it up into ists" themselves, these "anti-mili- mutually hostile bands, retiring the tarists" using eve r y military successful leader, arousing antimeans, even to ruthless massacre, to secure their own supremacy pre- foreign feeling, producing the Nanvious to "punishing" the "milita- king outrage and the general rists" of the North. evacuation of foreigners, including missionaries, from Central and Southern China. For many months Dr. Sun Yat Sen was a sincere, the leadership of the Nationalist patriotic, rather visionary theo- movement was so divided and irrist, who while living was now r~- responsible that many even of the vered, now execrated by those III friends of China gave up all hope power in Canton, but since his that any good would come to China 736

TOPICS OF' THE: 1'1MES 7S7

through this thoroughly disorgan- in uninterrupted cooperation with ized and demoralized organization. other forces advancing up the There was again no little talk of Peking-Hankow Railway. In their the necessity of foreign interven- later movements, they have re- tion, or even the partition of the spected foreign property and have country. protected foreign lives, while re- Partly through the desperate de- lieving the long strain inflicted by termination of certain outstanding other forces upon the Chinese pop- leaders that their country should ulation by paying for what they be neither the prey nor the laugh- have used and avoiding all unneces- ing-stock of stronger nat ion s sary destruction.

through the jealousies of Chinese Whether or not the national capi- leaders and their consequent in- tal will be permanently transferred ability to do team-work, partly to Nanking in view of the vast ex- through complete disillusionment penditures involved in the change, of these leaders as to the motives remains to be seen; but the trans- of their communistic advisers and fer gives the advantage of central- the fruits of their theories, and ity and of removal from the treaty- partly through the conciliatory and appointed foreign garrisons of helpful friendliness of Great Brit- Peking. The early revision of that ain and America, the Nationalist treaty may tip the balance in favor Movement has pulled itself togeth- of the old capitaL Of much more er again. It cast out the Commu- importance is China's disappoint- -nists, dismissed the Soviet advisers, ment of the many predictions of discharged or defeated the malcon- critics, and even doubting friends, tents, secured the allegiance of the that the capture of Peking would most powerful generals, reorgan- be followed at once by ambitious ized its armies, thoroughly coor- strife among her prominent mili- dinated its campaign and pressed tary leaders, resulting not only in on to final victory at Tientsin and failure of reconstruction but even Peking. This has not been accom- in the dismemberment of the coun- plished without mistakes and un- try. It is too early to assert that fortunate incidents-the deaths of all such danger has passed, but not Dr. Seymour at Tsining and Mrs. too early to note the evidences that Hobart at Taianfu, the comman- the mutual oath of loyalty of the deering of foreign property for Nationalist leaders at the grave of military occupation – have all Sun Yat Sen (the most sacred form marred the northward progress, of oath in China), was no mere which seemed likely to be stopped empty form, and that they are entirely, or held up indefinitely, by firmly resolved to subject personal conflict with the Japanese at ambitions to the great ambition of Tsinanfu and along the Shantung uniting all China and to the con- Railway to Tsingtao. Without struction of a nation worthy of a awaiting judgment as to the re- position of equality with the other sponsibility for this regrettable nations of the world. Thank God clash, the Nationalists refused to that the United States of America be diverted from their great ob- has expressed her confidence in jective, and, leaving the Shantung this constructive intention, and has situation to be cleared up at their held out a sympathetic helping later leisure, pressed on to Peking hand of recognition and concession, 4

instead of waiting for other na- Chinese Christian which promise tions disposed to "wait and see" more equal and satisfying associa- tion and more fruitful cooperation or even to interpose obstacleB in in the years to come. The missionthe way of her independence and ary, as a rule, will exercise less reorganization. authority than in the past, but pos- sibly will exert more influence. By The rapid, sometimes extrava- request and desire of the Chinese, gant, growth of China's national he will be, in most cases, a minconsciousness has brought much in- ister or a member of the Chinese convenience and some suffering to Church; by its appointment asforeign residents; but it has also signed to specific work. By his own brought many very wholesome choice he will be subject to the govheart-searchings and realignments, ernment and discipline of the Chinot only to nations whose citizens nese Church; counselor and fellowand commerce have been affected, laborer loaned by the Church in the not only to the Chinese who have West to her sister Church in China. realized and repented the extrava- The trans-Pacific steamers of gances, but also to some mission- August and September will be aries who had, though largely crowded with returning missionunconsciously, failed to do justice aries; most of the evacuated sta- tions are re-opening, and everyto the Chines.e race and sometimes where a special warmth of weleven to their own Chinese associ- come from the Chinese is maniates. At the same time the serious result of ill-advised nationalism in fested. the evacuation of many mission One of the most acute recent stations by order of Board or Consul, has thrown such unwonted re- problems, and one of the most difsponsibility upon both paid and ficult, for missions and their supunpaid Chinese Christians as has, porting boards, has been that of Christian education. Before the on the one hand, drawn out the rise of the Anti-Religion and Antidevotion and abilities latent in the Christian Movements about 1922, faithful while driving away the and the subsequent intensification few unworthy ones. On the other of the new national consciousness, hand these things have brought to Christian schools had been tacitly all a new appreciation of what they granted liberty to teach what they owe to the missionary for past chose and how they chose, since no service, and of the practical im- compulsion whatever kept students possibility of accomplishing their in any school with whose curevangelistic and educational task riculum they were displeased. A without his help for yet many years rapid increase in the proportion of to come. There has been in addi- non-Christian students, enrolled in tion, during those terrible days at the Christian schools as superior Nanking, and elsewhere, a unique to those maintained by the Governdemonstration of the sacrificial de- ment, attracted the attention of the votion of Chinese Christians to anti-Christians and anti-religionmissionary friends in their deadly ists, and its "peril of Christian peril. proselytism" was magnified many From these results of the recent fold in public denunciation and in strenuous and painful years there fiery opposition at meetings of ed- has developed a mutual respect and affection between missionary and

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

ucational associations. The s e schools that no student should be bodies sought from Boards of Edu- excluded from their privileges!"

cation strict regulations requiring Of course there are not a few registration of all private schools missionaries who believe that all and their exclusion of all required religious instruction and worship religious studies and worship. Of- should be voluntary as a matter of ficial "interpretations" led many principle and advantage to the Christian educators to feel that school, quite apart from govern- they involved no sacrifice of Chris- ment regulations; and they, as well tian purpose, while others think as their opponents, marshal a them a direct denial of the Chris- formidable array of statistics in tian aim, and ask as to the fate of evidence. It is too early to decide. registered s c h 0 0 1s when some The China missionaries, on the Board of Education chooses to in- field and on furlough, have, as a terpret the regulations m 0 r e rule, rejoiced in the American strictly. The problem has been State Department's notable diplomade more difficult by the fact that matic expression to China of syma large majority of the Chinese pathetic confidence and helpfulness, Christians, in their new patriotism the recognition of the new Governand in the fear that graduates of ment, and declaration of readiness unregistered schools may not be received in registered schools, ad- to negotiate for the removal of all "inequalities" in international revocate registration. lations. It is a fine example In the south, the situation has to other nations and indirectly a been complicated by conflicting authorities in regions held by the gesture of protection to China, and Nationalists, and by the require- should lead eventually to the clearment of reverence to Sun Yat Sen. ing of international obstacles from the road to China's full rehabilita- Christian educational associations have hesitated; missions and boards tion and development into one of have varied from complete approval the strong nations of the world. of registration to a preference for It will strengthen the determinathe closing of schools. Many hope tion of China's new leaders to hold that the new National Board of Edu- together for the great constructive cation, in harmony with recent pro- work. They have held together on nouncements of Nationalist leaders the field and, in spite of gloomy in emphatic favor of complete reli- forecasts, in the Government Coungious liberty, will issue new regula- cil which has just finished its contions allowing private schools free- sideration of the many and great dom of instruction and worship, problems which present themselves with no prejudice to students' before the rulers of a new nation standing. A rather naive reply of 400,000,000 or more. Four memwas made by a Nationalist leader bers of China's Cabinet are Chris- recently to the question, when he tians and other Christians are on said: committees, to which the govern- "Yes, it is true that students ment is, for the present, to be en- who do not wish Christianity are trusted, rather than to a possibly not compelled to attend Christian ambitious President. The Chris- schools; but those schools are so tian Church will watch the Council much better than the government with special interest, not, of course

in the foolish hope that a Christian has made almost superhuman adnation may come forth by fiat, but vances. in the hope of a more genuine establishment of religious liberty Fortunately, we have an historical than that obtained through the example of how this can be done more strenuous struggle of a dozen years rapidly. When our own southern ago. While we have grown accus- states found themselves, following the tomed to unexpected upsets in Civil War, overwhelmed with the edu- China, and too confident predic- cational problem, and passions and tions are not in order, yet there politics as well as poverty prevented a probably has never been a time sufficiently prompt mobilizing of edusince the revolutionary establishment of the republic in 1912, when cational forces, outside help was the outlook for a righly reconstructed· China was so bright as it given. Great private funds like the is at the present time. General Education Board, the Phelps- COURTENAY HUGHES FENN. Stokes, the Jeanes, the Rosenwald and other funds so supplemented govern- The Present Crisis in Mexico ment aid that education was advanced in double quick time. T HE assassination of President- elect Obregon of Mexico means At first these efforts were crude and that long centuries of abuse re- often offensive to the South; but both quire long educational processes for the North and the South learned to correction. Friends of Mexico ought cooperate, and the Southerns have to take the present crisis as a chal- come now to be large contributors. lenge to speed up these processes. By holding conferences for education in the South all parties have come to a The assassination of Obregon, as of beautiful fellowship in the common many others who have, though faintly cause and today more educational comand faultily, challenged the old order missions go to visit Southern instituin Mexico during centuries, is not the tions from various nations than in any crime of an individual. It is society itself that must answer-the kind of a other place in the world. What has society that has allowed to exist in Mexico and in its next-door neighbor, been done in the South can be done in elements that would play fatally on the Mexico, with similar good results for passions of the masses who have been all concerned. Mexicans of ability kept ignorant, degraded and supersti- ought to volunteer help. But so also tious, that they might better be ex- ought Americans to help, for the ploited. greater part of all Mexico's wealth is in American hands. The present situation emphasizes the oft repeated statement that only The time for such a serious moveby enlightened education can Mexico solve her problems. But so little is ment of a neighbor to help Mexico is done to educate! At the close of the Diaz regime it was estimated that the more propitious now because of 75% of the population was illiterate. The revolutionary movement has made two reasons. Those reasons are Calles herculean efforts and in the last few years the Department of Education and Morrow. Calles is a school teacher with the educational attitude.

Morrow is the first ambassador we have sent to Mexico that is sufficiently wise, understanding and devoted to the development of Mexico's masses, rightly to befriend such a movement with a great practical demonstration of Christian brotherhood that will re- verberate throughout the Americas and the world. S. G. INMAN. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED ABOUT METHODS By HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY, Rochester, N. Y.

I have learned that some method is A third thing that I have learned is absolutely necessary if we are to do that a well-organized society runs effective work. The great difficulty smoothly, without the jolts and jars with many missionary societies is that that occur in a society where one they are so casual. They go along in woman tries to do everything, and a rut, year after year, and go con- then sighs over the perfectly terrifytentedly, like one of those fat, old ing amount of work ·she has to do.

fashioned family horses, whose very If I had only two women in a society "plop, plop, plop" could lull you to I would have at least two committees sleep on the J:oughest road. with one member at the head of each So the first thing I would say is to committee.

study hard until you get a plan for Most of our denominational Boards your work, and then work that plan have issued booklets with the most for all you are worth. As long as you careful and well-considered plans of are bound for nowhere in particular organization for local auxiliaries; and you are likely to arrive in the village yet there are women who will glance of nowhere; as long as you aim at over the booklet indifferently, push it nothing special you are likely to hit aside disdainfully, exclaiming, "One the bullseye, "Nothing," every time. could never use anything so compli- Then I have learned that the best cated as that" and return to their old plans are not lowered out of the sky unorganized circles. Now an oyster on one woman; but are likely to be has very little organization, but who built up of careful and continued and would wish to be an oyster? The faithful planning by a committee. The price of smooth-running efficiency is one woman society is usually a one- organization. But too many mission- horse affair. One brain spinning all ary societies try to function with old, the plans and programs spins a pat- outgrown, worn out or non-existent tern that everyone recognizes. organization.

Take a leaf out of the experience I have learned that the best organi- of the best organized woman's clubs. zation will not run itself. Someone They have a program committee, meet- must work through the organization, ing regularly and planning out the and not counter to it. Yet discouraged work a year ahead. A plan on which a presidents are saying, "I can't get anyhalf dozen have toiled and prayed to- body to help. I just have to do it all gether is apt to have the bouquets myself." They assign responsibility, and not the brickbats of at least a and assign tasks, but both, are like half dozen of the members. No two bouncing balls attached to a rubber of us look at things just alike, and a cord, that are yanked back again into united plan is apt to have the good the hands of the officious presidents.

points wrought out by many persons, Said a woman to me not long ago, hence it has a far wider appeal than "I am just discouraged. Mrs. A asked the one that approves itself to only one me to do something. I was taking real person. pleasure in it, and the first woman I 741 called upon said, '0 yes, Mrs. A tele- I am sure that we understand that phoned to me about that this morning.' they are just as good as we are." The trouble is she never trusts you to take care of your job, but she always After this astonishing speech she keeps her hand on it." could not understand why there seemed to be a frost in the meeting. Such an experience is not infrequent. Such a president is training I should put the ability to forget no one to fill her place. She has no understudy. She is making her society herself, and to make every one feel weak and parasitic by her over-fussi- at home among the chief qualities in a president. ness. A president owes it to subordinate I have learned that definiteness is greatly to be desired in the presentaofficers to talk over their responsi- tion of missions. Vague, big-worded, bilities with them, to write down definitely, if it is not already defined abstract presentation of general matin the constitution, just what their ter is uniformly dull. One concrete duties are, and when the understand- item about a real situation is worth ing is complete to let go, to trust them, everything. What gave the tremenand let them know she is depending dous drive to Catherine Mayo's upon them. "Mother India"? The fact that she dealt not with generalities or organi- I have learned that little things zation but with definite vital facts that have a big power in the successful gripped the people who read it. program. Flowers for the desk, a careful arrangement of the seats, good There are speakers so constituted ventilation, attention to the hymns that they can take the juice out of chosen so that they fit into the any topic and make it as dryas dust. topic of the meeting; choice of Scrip- Their method is usually general, abture and a score of other details should be attended to by those who are ap- stract, political, rather than particular, pointed to look after them. They concrete, human. should not be attempted all by one woman. They give atmosphere to the When pictures, curios, dramatics meeting. have such instant power to move, when, of all topics, missions abounds In this atmosphere nothing counts in color, the unusual, the dramatic, more than simple friendliness. A stiff, why is it that we make use of them so formal, frigid, caste-ridden meeting infrequently? will invariably be a small one. Not so long ago the ladies of the "First-" I have learned that the deepest dechurch invited the circle from "Cal- fect in all our programs are their vary," a newly-organized church in a prayer failures. We put up a brief "deplain part of the town, to meet with them. The "Calvary" ladies came, votional exercise" as a sort of orthotwenty of them, with high anticipa- dox lightning rod, and then amble tions to the famous old "First" church. No one greeted them at the door. through a long program with never a They all huddled timidly by them- word of prayer. "Praying always," selves in one part of the room. The "in everything by prayer," says Paul. regular members came in coldly, none Why not interrupt a meeting to pray seemed to be very happy, or to antici- definitely for a need just brought to pate a very good time. The climax our attention? Why not remember was when the president, a pompous our missionaries by names and by little woman, very anxious to do good, circumstance before the throne' of said, "I am sure that the ladies of the grace? Why not make our meetings First Church want to give a warm real intercessory gatherings? That is welcome to the ladies of Calvary and the way of power.

——- ONLY A POSTAGE STAMP If the Christians in America would give one postage stump per capita per week for foreign missions. it would mean $30,000,000 in one year.. If one car fare a W8e-k, $75,000,000; if one dlS1! of lee cream a week, $200,000,000; If the eql1lva]ent of one hour's work, at the rate of unskilled labor, $900,OOO,OOO.-Ghri8tian In- tcZZigencer.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22ND ST., NEW YORK MISSIONARY EDUCATION TODAY cussion of the major problems in the missionary education of each grade. The April issue of the REVIEW cont~~ned ~n article by Rev. R. A. Hume, D.D., on .A MlSM It is felt that the chief significance sionary's Motives To-day…. Man~ are ana- of these two conferences lies in the lyzing the motives WhICh anlmate the future. The discussions of such groups missionary enterprise to-day and are care- of missionary workers as met on both fully stuuying present methods.-EDITOR. occasions are sure to be stimulating, but are likely to raise more questions The Missionary Education Move- than they answer. Just in proportion to their novelty do they require furment held during 1927, two educa- ther experimentation.

tional conferences. The first, on April At the opening session a report was presented of the responses to the ques- 2ob1jset~tmiveets in New York City to discuss tionnaire mentioned above. One hun- in missionary education. dred and ten correspondents answered all or part of the questionnaire, 62 About fifty delegates were present. women and 45 men. These were dis- tributed over 18 denominations. Prac- Very specific lists of objectives were tically all replies were from those friendly to the missionary enterprise, formulated for each of five age groups, about half of them having official con- nection with it. The returns give to serve as a basis for further criti- almost no clue to the opinions of uni- versity students influenced by modern cism and experimentation. (These tendencies of thought, non-missionary intelligentsia, business men, and the lists may be obtained from the Move- rank and file in the pews. Allowance for this must be made in estimating ment.) the replies.

The second conference met at Poco- Motives of the Missionary Enterprise no Manor, Pennsylvania, October 4th- t6oth~onwsiitdhera total of eighty delegates, the most effective motives and methods of missionary education.

This subject was chosen with two special problems in mind. In the first place, it was realized that some of ~he motives for missionary work WhICh were once most influential have in many sections lost their hold to a greater or less extent. Enough change has taken place to render desirable some study of the question. In the Of 29 possible motives for the missecond place, the objectives drafted at sionary enterprise, the following were the previous conference needed further most frequently marked A, indicating discussion. In order to be achieved those which appealed most strongly they must be adequately motivated to the correspondents: and approached by appropriate meth- Desire to fulfil Christ's mission to the ods. world. For the study of the first problem Desire to spread the kingdom of God. His desire that all men shall be brought a rather extensive questionnaire had Obtoediaenkcneotwoletdhgeecoomf mthaendtruotfhC. hrist. been prepared and distributed through Constraint of the love of Christ for all the secretaries of a large number of boards. mankind. Desire to share our best blessings, tem- Most of the time of the conference was spent on the second problem. The poral, intellectual and spiritual.

delegates divided into five sections for X signified that the correspondent study of the several age groups. The thought the motive was growing leaders of each section reported to the stronger in its appeal today. Those whole gathering and conducted a dis- most frequently so marked were: 743

Desire to promote good will betwen na- The sharing of our own experience of tions and races. personal communion with Christ.

Desire to help solve world problems. The Christiani'zation of all aspects of Desire to counteract evil influences of national life.

Western civiHzation. Helping other peoples to make their own Desire for the broadest human fellow- interpretation of Christ.

ship. The objectives most frequently Desire to develop the best possibilities of struck out as positively undesirable were: those for whom we work. The extension of the beliefs for which It is striking that none of these our denomination stands. are among those which the largest number of correspondents consider The overthrow of false religions which most important. cannot save and which blind men to the truth. o signified that the motives seemed The salvation of souls from eternal death for reasons, good or bad, to be losing through faith in Christ. in appeal. Those most frequently marked thus were: The bringing out of the best and re- pressing the worst in non-Christian Pity for the future state of the heathen. religions. Desire to extend the Church. Desire to hasten the second coming of The objectives most frequently left without any mark were: Christ. The greater glory of God. The evangelization of the world in this Pity for their present life without generation.

Christ. The discovery of new tasks for organized Christianity which have hitherto been Correspondents were asked to strike neglected. out any motives considered to be positively objectionable. Those most fre- Why Ohanges Are Taking Place in quently marked thus were: Motives and Methods Desire to hasten the second coming of Christ. The questionnaire contained 53 pos- sible reasons for such changes. Those Pity for the future state of the heathen. most frequently marked A, signifying Desire to extend the Church. true and especially symptomatic of A particular interest in some nation or present tendencies, were: class. The cultivation of spiritual life has been The benefit resulting from the reaction neglected.

of missionary effort on the home The older, sharply drawn line between Church. the saved and the lost no longer stim· ulates many, even of those who still Only the following offended the sen- hold it in theory. sibilities of no one: Creature comforts, once considered lux- Desire to fulfil Christ's mission to the uries, have now become for many in- world. dispensable.

Desire for the broadest human fellow- Those who have become dependent upon ship. such indulgences feel rebuked, and therefore repelled by the ideals of sac- Desire to make one's life count for most. rifice for which missionary work Desire to spread the kingdom of God. stands. Desire to promote good will between na- Following the extreme emotional tension tions and races. of the Great War, there has been a reaction in which appeals for effort Objectives of Missionary Enterprise and sacrifice have less influence.

There were 24 possible objectives The multitude of financial drives of of the missionary enterprise present- every description has lessened enthued. It was realized that these would siasm for anything that seems like overlap the motives to a certain ex- drive promotion. tent, but it was considered worth while to check up on general trends Others frequently marked as true in this way. The objectives most fre- in the opinion of correspondents were: quently marked A were: The multiplication of agreeable ways of The training of Christian leadership. spending the time makes more serious The promotion of universal brotherhood. occupations less congenial.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

Machinery of promotion has been over- struck out by the whole body. In emphasized and spiritual motives not some cases this may have been due to sufficiently so. a different interpretation of the state- ment in question, but in others it The average church member has no such probably signifies that some of our sense of proprietorship in missionary constituency are still giving first place boards as alumni have in institutions to motives and opinions that in the they have attended, or citizens in mu- minds of the main body of progressive nicipal projects. promoters of the missionary enter- prise are discredited. It should be E signified that in the judgment of strongly emphasized that the returns the correspondent the statement was quoted above come in general from the altogether false. Those most frequent- best friends the enterprise has today. ly marked thus were: If there had been received, as had been hoped, replies representing the The intellectual, social and spiritual attitudes of those who are indifferent quality of those who enter the ministry or critical, it is very probable that the is declining. complexion of results would be ma- terially altered. Some have their confidence in efficiency shaken by the transfer of administra- Some of the matters to which at- tion on the field to native control. tention was called in the introductory addresses were as follows: There is a suspicion that reports from the field are one-sided or prejudiced. 1. Among the influences that are affecting theological thought today is On the part of many pastors an unwill- the experimental method of verifica- ingness to face the question of volun- tion which is undermining confidence teering for missionary service makes in authority in general, and has also it difficult to promote the enterprise had a disintegrating effect on many with enthusiasm. ideals and standards of value. The demonstrated importance of accurate The sentimentality of some missionary tracing! of causal connections leads appeals has led to the suspicion that many to discount whatever does not most of them are sob stuff. easily lend itself to this method. Hope is directed, not to God, but to the What Are You Most Interested To understanding of nature. New cir- Learn About the Missionary cumstances and thrills are being Enterprioe? placed within the reach of multitudes whose lives were formerly monoto- The items most frequently marked nous and prosaic, with the result of an were: increasing acceptance of a pleasure philosophy of life. It is realized that Fine types of native Christians, or of the so-called heathen are not so black other races won to Christianity in this as they were painted, and that we are country. not so white. The social problems of the twentieth 2. In colleges there is good response century as affecting missionary effort at home and abroad. to the ideas of work fellowship, inter- national relations, efforts to under- Building up the native church on the stand one another, but little for mis- foreign field. sions. Certain terms used in connec- tion with missions are not understood Current history as affecting missionary and others are repellant. There is a effort. feeling that some features of mission- ary work have ceased to function. Political developments and problems of Foreign students, some of whom feel internationalism. very bitterly, have given a different Those most frequently struck out were: Horrors of heathenism. Arguments of non-Christians. Evidences of the weakening of other re- ligions. Scientific estimate of the actual efficien- cy of the missionary enterprise. Weak spots in the present organization at home.

yorrespondents very frequently indicated their special approval of certain statements. It is interesting that a number of individuals selected those statements that were most frequently

picture of missionary enterprise. 6. Do you keep your head in an Some students react against the mili- emergency? tary metaphors which missionary supporters have used. 7. Do you remain calm under criti- cism? 3. High pressure methods of missionary appeal to the home church 8. Do your mates respect you and have left some unfortunate reactions cooperate with you? against organized campaigns and missionary enthusiasm in general. Only 9. Can you maintain discipline a small percentage of the Church is without using authority? being reached with educational methods. Such methods should be brought 10. Can you handle a group of disto bear on new organizations that are satisfied persons successfully? arising. Attention was called to a large group of missionary societies of 11. Are you a successful peace-maka strongly evangelistic type without er? organized church support, but with special conferences of their own; 12. Are you patient in dealing with also, on the other hand, the challenges nervous and hard-to-pease people? from the various standards of every feature of the missionary enterprise. 13. Can you get people to do things It was urged that the task of Christi- without irritating them? anity in the world today be considered as one especially of education, rather 14. Can you stand being opposed than proclamation. without saying things you regret lat- er? The Missionary Education Movement was asked to arrange for con- 15. Are the delicate situations ever tinued study and experimentation. All turned over to you to handle? interested are asked to cooperate in this effort to establish missionary 16. Do you make and· keep friends education upon a sounder basis. Re- easily? ports of projects and experiments will be gratefully received and correspond- 17. Do you catch yourself quarrelence regarding objectives, motives, ing about petty things? methods and materials is invited. 18. Do you adjust yourself to stran- Communications should be addressed to the gers easily? ruducational Se~retary, Missionary Education !.'loveml'nt, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City. 19. Are you free from embarrass- CGllics of the complete rpport, including the ment before superiors? s('ctions dealing with the various age groups, may he sccured from the )'lovcmcnt at 10 cents 20. Are subordinates at ease in each. your presence?

ESSENTIALS OF LEADERSHIP 21. Can you express your ideas without appearing overbearing and By DR. H. H. HORNE, narrow-minded? New York University 22. .Are you interested in folks? In giving yourself a rating, allow 23. Have you tact? three points or a fraction of three on 24. Have you a' reasonable amount each question. of self-contidence ? 25. Have you confidence in your 1. Have you a strong body? cause? 2. Did you ever break yourself of a bad habit? 26. Have you the cooperative and 3. Can YOU exercise self-control not the competitive spirit? when things go wrong? 4. Are you cheerful and free from 27. Are you adapted to the group grouchy spells? you seek to lead? 5. Do you think for yourself? 28. Have you a steady will? 29. Do you have vision, that is, can you see the better order coming? 30. Have you the power of the single motive?

31. Do you wear the leader's white flower of the sincere life?

32. Are you sometimes alone ~ith yourself and God?

33. Can you sense yourself as an agent of the world-purpose?

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK TOYOBIKO KAGAWA the young people loyal to it. With (Since its organization it has been reference to the Government, he is the purpose of the Federation Bulletin much trusted now, though in former and Magazines Committee to present years he was several times imprisoned the Christian Movement in the Orient because of his adive interest in the through national leaders. Articles by strikers. During one of those impristhem and about them have appeared. onments he wrote his most famous This month through excerpts from book 'Beyond the Death Line' which letters and articles of those who have has gone through 180 editions. (In seen him in his home and at his work English called 'Before the Dawn.') we present "the outstanding Christian in Asia."-AMY G. LEWIS.) " ….. There is nothing he is not tackling: model tenements, kinder- gartens, matrons' classes, the cooper- Winifred Wygal of the Y. W. C. A. atives, farmers' unions, etc. " ….. Kagawa is in Gandhi's class, after a visit to his home in the suburbs I should say …. Kagawa has suffered of Osaka writes: and prayed and reflected as much as Gandhi; though, of course, not for so "Mr. Kagawa is thirty-nine years old and has written more than forty many years."

books on a wide range of subjects. Ruth L. Fraser of the Y. W. C. A.

He is a real scholar and very devout. writes of his visit to China and sends He and his wife have suffered and extracts from his speeches before the have sacrificed everything for their Conference on Christianizing Eco- faith in social justice through Jesus. nomic Relations held in Shanghai, Mr. Kagawa runs two large settle- before the International Industrial ments. Always he is organizing co- Service League and before the Chris- operatives, unions, getting Christians tian pastors and leaders in Shanghai: into politics, in the hope of changing "In August of last year, this great conditions. His biggest campaign now man of Japan came to China for a is what he calls his 'Million Souls for visit of several weeks to attend the Jesus' campaign. Street preaching is conference called by the National one of the largest activities of the Christian Council on 'Christianizing group. He preaches almost every Economic Relations.' Upon the mem- night to crowded houses and he is bers of this conference the personal- sure that the people are hungry for ity and social philosophy of Mr.

God and the Christian religion. He Kagawa made so deep an impression writes prolifically in the hope of that we feel it worth while to give an reaching the common people, and is idea of the man and his philosophy.

having quantities of inexpensive liter- "Brought up in a wealthy home, ature printed for distribution among Kagawa became an earnest and zeal- them. ous Christian while yet a young stu· "It is noteworthy that he is loyal dent. In his book 'Beyond the Death both to the Government and to the or- Line' he tells how his first sight of ganized Church. He himself is a poor people living in crowded dis- Presbyterian and he stays inside. His tricts, his meeting with a beggar idea is to remake the Church by put- woman and a year's residence in a ting social passion and religious fervor poor fishing village where he went for into it from the inside and by keeping his health aroused his conscience as a . 747

Christian to work to better the con- in the slums and experiencing there ditions of such people. Although suf- the problems of pauperism, I am of fering from tuberculosis, at the age the opinion that these problems are of twenty-two he went to preach and best met by the encouragement of a later to live in the poor district of labor movement.

Kobe. " ….. 'I like the three principles " 'While preaching in the slums,' he of Dr. Sun Yat Sen. His ideas are says, 'I made many friends. I do not the same as mine. I do not like like to call them converts but friends. Marxianism, but if communism is of Some had been murderers. I have the humanitarian type – "giving"

been beaten by some of these people, communism, not "robbing" commu- or threatened with swords and pistols, nism-I approve of it. I have no before they came to understand my sympathy toward it if it means vio- words. Now two of them, under the lence.'

new manhood suffrage law are going "Mr. Kagawa's interest in working into the prefectural assemblies and people is not confined to the cities but one has become a poet widely read and extends to the country villages, those now translated into Russian.' other feeders of the slums. 'The Na- "But Mr. Kagawa is not satisfied tional Peasants' Union in Japan was with mere relief work among people formed in my little chapel in the who have sunk to the lowest depths of slums, six years ago. It was my prin- human existence. He is too fine a stu-' ciple to organize but not to become dent of economics and sociology for the president. In this way, I also or- that. One of his many books is called ganized the Federation of Labor of 'The Psychology of the Slums.' 'The West Japan, the cooperatives in more I studied slum psychology, the Osaka, Kobe, and Tokyo, and the Tok- more I realized that we must stop the yo Students' Cooperatives and three slums higher up. Three kinds of peo- Or four schools of labor. One by one, ple came down to the slums-a major- I turned these all over to my friends.

ity who are sick, some who are feeble My friend, Rev. Motojiro Sugiyama minded, and some who have vices such led the Peasants' Union. Two years as gambling, drinking, drugs or sex- ago we had 100,000 families in it ual vice. Most of them come from the which meant about half a million country villages or from the ranks of members. When the communists came the Ill-boring classes. So unless we the peasants did not know what they preach to the laboring classes, we can were, nor what "left" was, and turned never save the slums.' …… 'Every- Red, and took money from Russia. So where in the world the first agitators Sugiyama resigned, and he and I for social reconstruction have been started a new union of the peasants the intelligentsia. From the begin- and called it the Pan-Japanese Peas-'

ning the Japanese churches have pro- ants' Union which has about 30,000 duced labor leaders. Christianity was members.'

hated, and becoming a Christian "Political action is also a part of meant being looked upon as a danger- Mr. Kagawa's program for saving the ous person. Having taken that step, slums. He has been largely instru- one felt he might as well go one fur- mental in organizing the Socialist ther; so we Christians became labor Party, the Farmer-Labor Party, and leaders. the Proletarian Political Party, but " ….. 'It is evident that there is from the beginning he knew that uni- less labor disturbance where there are versal suffrage was necessary in Japan genuine trades unions. The union before the poor and the working peo- movement is not a violence movement, ple could get their rights. He went it is a solidarity movement. It bene- from Shanghai to spend the autumn fits the laborers, but it benefits society and winter in a campaign of education also. After eighteen years of living 'to prepare his friends in peasant and

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

labor circles for the intelligent use of "Mr. Kagawa was mQst sympathetie their new privilege. with China and her aims. 'I like "Small of stature, almost insignifi- China,' he said. 'China taught us cant in appearance but for the light civilization. Confucius, Mencius, and in his face, Mr. Kagawa fascinates Chinese Buddhism taught us real people with his extremes. A Chris- civilization of the heart. Now, again, tian faith so simple as to be almost as I meet you, I feel your greatness childlike flowers into a special philos- of territory and of civilization, and ophy staggering in its embrace. A though today you are suffering, I feel deadly seriousness of purpose lies' be- some day you will come again to teach neath all his charming humor as he us.' With his engaging combination talks, for as he himself says, 'Since I of wit and deep significance, he made have lived in the slums, I have under- another interesting reference to the stood for the first time the function intimate connection between China of laughter; it is God's precious and Japan. Speaking of labor condi- safety valve.' tions in Japan he said: 'There are "His life is as full of extremes as probably at least 200,000 unemployed his character. Living a busy life in Japan this year because of the twenty-four hours a day among the panic and slump in industry. Forty degraded and destitute, he has ap- per cent of the industry in Osaka and parently read the best books of all Tokyo depends on China. When you languages along his special lines of have a disturbance here, we also have economics, sociology and philosophy trouble. We therefore request you to and in the field of literature. He be quiet now!'

quotes English authors freely. He "A few words of his own in a devo- has never ceased to preach, but he has tional talk at the conference express somehow managed to enlarge his audi- more clearly than any comment, the el1ce to cover the world through the spirit and motive of Mr. Kagawa's medium of his forty-five books. 'And,' life: he says, 'I have several more ready "'What we need today in our So- for publication.' Imprisoned by his cial Movement is the man who can government in 1919 for his activities bear the Cross and who can love in connection with the Labor Move- others as Christ loves him. The most ment, after the earthquake in 1923 he difficult thing is to reconstruct society was called by the same government so that we can forgiVe others. To to Tokyo to become a member of the give opportunities to the minority, to Imperial Economic Commission. He forgive those who come against us- described the period as follows: 'I to forgive them and redeem them- was in Tokyo fully three years doing and to die for those who harm us, relief work-the only one of the well- that is the ideal; and Christ did that.

known Socialists who dared to enter The love of Christ stands out as the the capital at that time. During greatest thing known to humanity. It those years, I did little organization is only as we shall bear in our hearts work among laborers and peasants. the Cross, and express in our lives The conservative leaders asked me to God's love, that we may lift the stay in Tokyo because I had worked fallen.' "

in the slums and studied them so long Surely this of all times is not the time that they considered me an expert in to disbelieve in Foreign Missions. Surely relief work. Three times a week I he who despairs of the power of the Gosmet at the Prime Minister's office with this commission and helped in the pel to convert the world toda:y, despairs reconstruction of Tokyo. I was also of the noontide just when the sunrise is breaking out of twilight on the earth.

Rather we ought to come into the very asked to be one of a committee of heart of the Gospel. • We should come with true confidence to claim our Saviour seven to study immigration and offer advice on that question.' for the world and to claim the world for our Saviour.-Phillips Brooks.

JAPAN-KOREA signal the traffic this little

dangled clearly from under his coat. The Gospel in Print I said to myself, '0, that that man may fully un~rstand and compre- GEORGE BRA I T H W A I T E, of hend the great significance of that Tokyo, speaking in London at the emblem on his watch-fob.' Then I eighty-second annual meeting of the added, 'Perhaps he does.' . . . . A few World's Evangelical Alliance, said: days later as I was walking past an "My work for most of the time I have optician's shop, I caught sight of that been in Japan has been to provide familiar and thought-provoking pic- Christian books and tracts for the ture called 'The Rock of Ages,' depict- Japanese. It has been officially stated ing a cross in a stormy sea. Naturally that ninety-nine per cent of the the same impulse came to me, and I children of school age in Japan said, 'Surely there is a cross in that actually attend school, and so we man's life.''' have tremendous opportunities there for the Gospel in its printed form Joseph's Message for Japan to go out right over the whole country. . . .It is splendid to see some ONE of the "best sellers" in of the Japanese Christians taking hold Tokyo book stores is reported of the problems that come before them, to be the story of Joseph, which and it is very encouraging to see dif- is published under the title, "Out ferent things that are happening. The of the Pit." D. F. Ehlman writes Gospel of Christ is transforming of the book in The Outlook of Japan. There is absolute liberty Missions: "Joseph's triumph over there. Two copies of every book or the seemingly impossible proves the tract we publish has to be sent to the falsity of fatalism and is introducing Government before being put into cir- many to the possibility of new living. culation. The Japanese Government Joseph did not believe in the current have power to stop or change them in 'it cannot be helped' philosophy. If he any way they wish. They have never had, he surely would have committed even suggested any change in our suicide and excused himself as a poppublications." ular Japanese author, Akutagawa, did last summer by saying, 'Suicide needs The Cross in Kagoshima great courage, and only the coura- REV. JOHN TER BORG, mission- geous can take their own lives.' Why ary of the Reformed Church in is 'Out of the Pit' meeting with such America, describes several occasions a great response? The answer I bewhen he has seen the cross in the lieve is contained in the implications streets of the Japanese city of Kago- of a rather typical article which apshima. Among them are these two: peared some time ago in The Japan "The other day while riding in a street Times describing several cases in car I noticed a cross hanging from the which parents first murdered their watch fob of a traffic director who was children and then committed suicide standing on a busy crossing. Every in order to escape the miseries of time the man would lift his hands to poverty."

750

1928J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

A Kobe College Symphony of our knight on the spacious and T HE Student Government Associa- beautiful campus of this institution tion of Kobe College for Women, of learning, which he himself founded Kobe, Japan, took charge of the pro- and where the Korean youths came gram for Founder'S Day this year, from all parts of the country to see the and various groups of students com- li~ht of truth and to be inspired by peted in expressing their conception the ideals of love and service."

of the spirit of the college. President Street Preaching in Syenchun Charlotte B. De Forest writes: "The group of teacher judges awarded first I N MAY two members of the prize to the college Senior class, whose Presbyterian mission in Syenproduction had been a symphony chun, Korea, had it laid on their orchestra performance led by a white- hearts to start a mission down robed angel with a long, slender cross town. A building was rented on for a baton. Under her musical dirce- the opposite side of town from tion the threefold development of the churches, next door to a brothbody, mind and spirit was acted out, el. There is one room about ten one girl doing gymnasium work in by sixteen feet. Every night servuniform, one taking vigorous notes ices have been h.eld in this place. from a dictionary with her head tied As the room is too small for a gatherup with the form of desperation-band- ing, the singing and preaching is first age that a Japanese student uses to done outside as the crowd passes. indicate hard work, and one girl rep- After a season of this, some of the resenting the culture of the devotional workers invite any who are interested life by studying her Bible and some to sit down and hear further, or ask other religious book, while the prac- questions. Two of the missionaries tical spirit of the Student Government work here a good deal of the time and Association was embodied in a fourth the evangelists from the hospital and player, who carried out her symphonic a number of the local church officers. part with a broom and dustpan." The audiences vary from night to night, from a few stray passers-by Statue of Dr. Underwood to one hundred or more and many A BRONZE statue of the late Rev. thoroughly wicked men and women Horace Grant Underwood, D.D., have shown great interest.

LL.D., Presbyterian missionary in Korea for thirty-two years, has been Unusual Korean Audience I erected on the campus of Chosen NA Korean town where Rev. W. F. Bull, of the United Church of Christian College in Seoul, of which he was the founder and first president. Canada, was holding evangelistic meet- At the recent unveiling many tributes ings, the members of a traveling were paid to Dr. Underwood, who be- theatrical company arrived one day, gan his work in Korea in 1885, at pitched their tent and began very vig- twenty-five years of age. orous advertising for, a performance In addition to his evangelistic work, at night. Mr. Bull says: "The Chris- which he conducted with such zeal tians were all greatly distressed- that a Korean has said of him, "He fearing that our tent would be empty indeed lit many fires in cold rooms," and our meetings practically broken Dr. Underwood undertook successfully up by this unlooked-for competition.

the translation of the Scriptures. An At the time for our meeting to begin address made by a Korean at the un- their band was playing down in the veiling ceremony contained the follow- market place and ours was up on the ing sentence: "If the life of Living- hillside at our tent. The crowd of vil- stone is immortalized in a sacre:} lagers streamed up the hill and filled corner of the historic Abbey in Eng- our tent to overflowing, while the show land, we desire to perpetuate the fame people were able to induce only two

people to buy tickets and enter theirs. colony in Culion, Philippine Islands. Finally they called off their perform- In addition to paying a janitor and a ance and all of their troupe came up deaconess who has the special care of and joined the crowd at our meeting. a number of young boys, furnishing This resolved itself into a fine oppor- a simple coffin for each member who tunity of presenting the Gospel tq, a dies and procuring items of special group of hearers that are not often diet for the sick who need such when approachable." it is not supplied by the Government, they send a yearly gift to the Amer- ISLANDS OF THE SEA ican Bible Society which last year amounted to fifty pesos. They sent a Filipino Christian Literature similar gift to the American Mission for Lepers after they had heard of the A MOVEMENT is afoot to organize poor leper outcasts in other lands, and in the Philippines a Christian they were so interested in the letter Literature Society, of which some sent by the acting head of the Union missionaries say: "This is a much- Theological Seminary at Manila askneeded adjunct to the work of evan- ing each congregation to respond with gelical Christianity here. There should an offering to their endowment fund be a centralization of the efforts made that they sent twenty pesos for it, to provide the people with a literature each time regretting that they could which is a clear and adequate inter- not do more. It is also their custom pretation of the Christian faith and not to let a member of the colony leave life. It is planned to survey the field, without a few pesos in his or her finding out what are the existing agen- pocket and offering a special prayer cies for meeting the need of tracts that God will keep them and open the and other literature, the persons who way for them on the outside. are preparing literature, and how all these may be utilized for the advance NORTH AMERICA of the work throughout the Islands." Tours for Reconciliation The demand among the Filipinos for evangelical books is described by UNDER the direction of Rev. Clara member of the Scripture Gift Mis- ence V. Howell, of the Methodist sion, who writes of the Visayan edi- Episcopal Board of Home Missions, tion of a leaflet. "God Hath Spoken," who is convinced that one of the which has been published in over one troubles of our social order is the hundred languages: "Here in Tagbi- fact that different groups do not unlaran we have given out hundreds derstand each other, Methodist pasalready in the hospital dispensary. tors, students and others began in They are much in demand. The fact New York City in 1921 visits to radical that they were printed in London, headquarters, to Chinese communities and have such a strong title, seems to and institutions within the city, and to be in their favor. Most of our Visayan other racial and social groups. Since literature is printed in the Philip- then the idea has been extended to pines, and is much less attractive in include still other groups, so that colappearance. When my daughter goes lege professors, students, and visitors to visit the outside Sunday-schools, from all over the United States have she has to carry quantities of these shared in these trips, which have rewith her; for the Romanists ask for sulted not only in the acquisition of them, and will take nothing else." new ideas, but also in the develop- ment of attitudes of friendship and Generous Filipino Lepers good will between the groups involved. More recently, return visits have been NEW reports have come on a sub- arranged, so that Negro, Oriental, ject which has been mentioned radical groups and others may visit before in the REVIEW; namely, the the institutions which more distinctly generosity, in proportion to their means, of the members of the leper

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

represent the older American groups, Now Jesus has taken possession, and and have a chance to exchange ideas One Star is throwing himself just as with leaders in such institutions. The wholeheartedly into the work of the idea is now spreading to other cities, church as he once did against it, a to which trips have been made. humble learner at the feet of Jesus.

At his suggestion the Indians were in- Methodist Protestant Consolidation vited to a social gathering at the FOLLOWING the policy of consoli- church, to give them a chance to get dation which has been so notice- away from the dance in the camp. He able in various denominations in re- is out every Sunday, and on clear days cent years, the last General Conference he has brought his blind mother, now of the Methodist Protestant Church more than one hundred years old."

formed one Board of Missions com- Canadian Home Missions posed of the Union Board of Foreign Missionary Administration, the Board I N THE United Church of Canada of Home Missions and the Women's there are 1,571 fields on the home Home Missionary Society. The Board mission list, with 4,368 preaching will consist of twenty-one members, places in them. This constitutes about ten men, of whom six are ministers, fifty-six per cent of the preaching ten women, and the president of the points in the whole church. Since the General Conference ex-officio. Thus last General Council meeting in June, two thirds of the Board will be lay 1926, 375 fields have been taken off the list of the aid-receiving charges, members. The two executives will be having reached the status of self-supa corresponding secretary, a man, and port. Rearrangement of fields and an associate corresponding secretary, amalgamations of former competitive a woman. The General Conference home mission charges rendered poswas committed to the unification idea. sible by the union of the churches are Not only were the mission boards responsible for 65 charges reaching merged, but a new Board of Christian self-support during the past year Education was set up to care for the alone, while 32 additional charges work of the Board of Education and have by normal growth and the prosthe Board of Young People's Work. perity of the country also gone off the The two weekly papers, The Methodist Protestant, Baltimore, and The Meth- Home Mission Fund. Within the last odi3t Recordet', Pittsburgh, will be two years 285 new fields have been merged within the quadrennium. opened by the Home Mission Board with an average of between three and "One Star" Follows Jesus four preaching points in each, so that ANOTABLE conversion, that of a the United Church of Canada has oc- Crow Indian named One Star, is cupied new home mission territory in reported by a Baptist missionary in this period at more than 1,000 points Montana, who says: "He is a man past· in Canada. The Board of Home Mis- sixty years of age, a long-haired In sions expends more than $1,125,000 dian, uneducated, neither reading nor annually.

speaking English, yet a leader among his people. Heretofore he had been a Hindu Association in New York S leader toward evil rather than toward PORADIC instances of Moslem and Buddhist missionary effort in good. All these years he has been not merely indifferent to the work of the nominally Christian countries have kingdom, but an active opposer, mak- been reported from time to time. Now ing fun of the Jesus people, deriding Hinduism is seeking converts, for, ac- them for going to church, and even cording to The Alliance Weekty, there coming to the mission chapel with a has been founded in New York City a group of his own kind for the special Hindu religious association, the first purpose of disturbing the meetings. to be formed in the West, under the 5

name of The Hindu Dharma MandaI. Latin America in World Program The announcement reads: "This society shall be called Hindu Dharma THE International Missionary Coun- Mandal, the term 'Hindu' including, cil was reorganized at the Jerubeside orthodox Hindu, Buddhist, salem Conference so as to include Jain, Sikh, Brahma and any other work in Latin America. The omission forms of religion that originated from of this portion of the world field by Hinduism. The objects shall be to the Edinburgh Conference in 1910, further the religious interests and which organized the International cultivate the spiritual ideals of Hindu- Missionary Council, led to the formaism in the West, to bring the beliefs tion of the Committee on Cooperation and practices of Hinduism, in its in Latin America, to promote and broadest conception, before the unify the missionary interests in this Westem public, to encourage and pro- field. The new International Missionmote mutual contact and understand- ary Council of thirty-seven members ing on a spiritual basis, between India from all parts of the world will include and the West, and to meet, in par- three representatives of Latin Amerticular, the spiritual needs of the ica, Prof. Erasmus Braga of Brazil, Hindus residing in the West. The Prof. Andrew Osuna of Mexico, and means to be pursued for carrying out Dr. S. G. Inman, secretary of the Comthe aforesaid objects shall be religious mittee on Cooperation. Two notable services, rites, ceremonies, lectures, conferences have been held under the demonstrations, readings, conversa- auspices of this committee–those at ziones, and other practices of Hindu- Panama and at Montevideo. Another ism." will be held in Havana next year. Its activities also include union semi- LATIN AMERICA naries, union papers and bookstores, a unique union mission board for Reaching Mexican Soldiers Santo Domingo, the preparation of Christian literature, a religious edu- REV. J. T. MOLLOY, D.D., Presby- cation program, and a great campaign terian missionary at Merida, for the support of higher educational Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, holds institutions, known as "Educational permits from military and civil au- Advance in South America." thorities to hold meetings, or "conferences" as they are called, on Chilean Sunda.y Schoois temperance and ethical subjects, in any place where they have authority. Mrs. REV. GEORGE P. HOWARD,ofthe Molloy wrote recently: "At seven World's Sunday School Associao'clock this morning, he gave a con- tion, reports after a recent visit to ference in the headquarters of the Chile: "I found the work progressing military police, to a large audience. in a most encouraging way. I could He had previously discovered in not help comparing the work as I now Mexico, Oaxaca, and here, that soldiers found it with what it was in 1916, make good listeners, but was im- when I held the first meetings of Sunpressed anew with their interest. At day-school workers in that country. the close, officers and men said it had The Baptists, Presbyterians and Methbeen very helpful and instructive, and odists each have an expert giving his asked him to come again. He said he time and attention to religious educawould come once a month. 'No,' de- tion. The questions propounded and murred the officer in command, 'that the answers given to them in the inis not often enough. We will be glad stitutes I held in Santiago and to have you every week. That will be Valparaiso revealed how far our Protmuch better.' This opens a large door, estant churches have progressed along and we feel an effectual one, for Sunday-school lines in the last ten through these men their families also years. In those early days, the literwill be reached."

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ature available in Spanish was piti- being opened up into what will be fully scant. Today our workers' known as the Livingstone Gallery, library embraces 8. fine collection of an important section of the Scottish books. In Santiago a Sunday-school National Memorial to David Living- office and headquarters is maintained stone. The regularly-spaced bed re- and annual institutes are held in dif- cesses in the various rooms are being ferent parts with unfailing regu- retained and used to hold a series of larity." eight colored sculptured tableaux il- lustrating the character and work of Blind Brazil'l.n Bible Reader the great missionary explorer. One is called 'Truth,' where he is expound- T HE Evangelical Union of South ing the Gospel; another 'Faith,' in America, with the help of the which he encounters superstition and Braille Missionary Union, started a the witch doctor; 'CQurage,' shows school for the blind in Garanhuns, him unarmed facing hostile natives; Brazil, about nine months ago. The and in the one called 'Mercy,' he is in first student was Andre, who had conflict with the Arab slavers. These been a beggar, and who accepted the tableaux are being presented by var- Gospel as he learned to read. Rev. F. ious bodies with which Livingstone C. Glass says of him: "Weare now was closely associated. Five have alemploying him as a Scripture reader ready been promised, including one by in the big oPen market-place of this King Khama's people in Bechuanacity, and he draws great crowds of land." wondering folk who look and listen in amazement at that unheard-of-thing French Churches in Need -a blind man reading! As he reads through the Gospel of St. John many T HE Central Bureau for Relief of hear those precious words for the first the Evangelical Churches of time, who would never hear them Europe, an organization that has been otherwise. Now and again he rests approved and assisted by the Federal from his reading and gives a few' Council of Churches, and frequently simple words of personal testimony, referred to in the REVIEW, is still apafter which he holds up a gospel and pealing for financial help. Dr. Chaun- cries out: 'A book to open the eyes of cey W. Goodrich of the American the blind; one penny.' A great im- Church, Paris, writes: "Thirteen pression is being made in the market- years 'under the cross'! That sums up place and large numbers of gospels the long story of deprivation and bardare purchased and carried away into ship suffered by the pastors' families all the far surrounding villages." in France. Five years of war, eight years of penury, grinding taxes, star- EUROPE vation wages, constant sacrifice. For gallantry in the face of discourage- Scenes from Livingstone'. Life ment and privation every French,J;>as- tor deserves a D. S. C." Two emer- REFERENCE has been made more gencies have arisen where fundaare than once in the REVIEW, (the most urgently needed to. save from latest in April) to the proposed trans- collapse church buildings which were formation of David Livingstone's in poor condition before the war, and birthplace and the land surrounding repairs to which were postponed from it into a permanent memorial of him. year to year "till better times." Now Plans for the interior of the building actual ruin is imminent, a:r:J.d the betare thus described in The Chronicle, ter times have not yet come. Contripublished by the London Missionary butions to the work of the Bureau Society: "The first floor of the tene- may be sent to Rev. KennethD. Miller, ment at Blantyre, Lanarkshire, in 287 Fou:.:t;h Avenue, N'ElW York City. which David Livingstone was born is

Preaching to Jews in Paris tween Roman Catholicism and "tol- erated" religions. The following REV. E. MEYER spoke at the an- penalties are included in this proposed nual meeting in London of The law: Hebrew Christian Testimony to Israel of his work among Jews in Paris, Those who violently disturb the relimany of whom have come from Po- gious services of the Roman Church are land. The French Jews, he said, are subject to a penalty of from six months almost completely indifferent to re- to six years' imprisonment with a fine ligious things, "but," he continued, from £60 to £200, whereas those who "there are some Jews coming, I am under similar conditions disturb a nonthankful to say, in spite of all the re- Roman Catholic service will be subject sistance, and all the efforts the enemy to imprisonment of from two months and makes to keep them from visiting our a day to six months. . . .Whoever makes meetings. There is also a certain ac- public ridicule of any religion that has tivity to be noticed among the rabbis adherents in Spain will be punished by to try to influence the Jews in a re- a fine of £40 to £200, and anyone conligious direction. They are building victed of making ridiculous the Roman synagogues even in quarters where religion will, in addition to the penalty, very few Jews are living. They have be adjudged prevented from undertaking opened five Talmud schools. They are any educational post paid by public arranging festivities on feast days, funds for a period of from ten to twenty especially oli the Feast of Purim; and years. they are even arranging for meetings for children at the same days and AFRICA hours when we have our children's classes, three times a week. By God's Mahdists Ask to He….. of Jesus grace some, though very few, are awakening to the truth. Some have A REPRESENTATIVE of the repented and accepted the Lord Jesus Church Missionary Society in the Christ as their Saviour." Sudan describes as follows the condi- tions in his field: "It is to be remem- "Tolerated" Religions in Spain bered that the Moslem inhabitants of the Northern Sudan did for thirteen REV. SAMUEL GUY INMAN, of years become followers of the Mahdi, the Committee on Cooperation in whose doctrine and teaching were con- Latin America, who, on his way home demned by orthodox Islam. One of the from the Jerusalem Conference, spent tenets of Mahdism is the e~pectation ten days in Madrid in conferences and of the coming of 'Nebi Yisa' (the lectures, under the auspices of the Prophet Jesus). Mahdism is still a Institute of International Studies of power among the bulk of the Sudanese. the University of Madrid and the They are willing to listen at any time Union Ibero-Americana, calls Spain to the teaching about Nebi Yisa. under Primo de Rivera "probably the Evangelistic effort on a small scale, most fanatical country in the world." by lantern lectures and evangelistic One illustration of this statement is meetings in compounds, always meets the imprisonment of Carmen Padin with a ready response. When the late because, as told in the June REVIEW, Canon Gairdner and Dr. Zwemer she stated in private that she believed visited the Sudan, they were invited that Mary had other children beside by the Sudanese notables themselves Jesus. Further light is thrown on to address them on the subject of Nebi conditions in Spain by an article in Yisa. There is no doubt that these Evangelical Christendom.., which shows thinking people connect the teaching how the changes in the penal code of the Mahdi about the Nebi Yise recommended by the Directory to the with the religion of the English people National -Assembly differentiate be- who are now administering the coun- try with such success. God seems to have used the very restrictions im- posed on Christian missions to increase the curiosity and enquiries of the people of Sudan."

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK '157

The Nile MUsion Press regard to the development of the AT THE annual meeting of this church, the Bishop writes: world-famous institution, the sec- The Church in Uganda has taken root retary, John L. Oliver, gave some in the life and in the souls of the people. striking facts about its work: The It is their own church, not a foreign Nile Mission Press now has nine general agencies, all of them in central exotic. And because it is their own positions, each representing a whole church they have supported it, defended country, such as Morocco, Tunisia, Iraq, and in addition there are twelve it, given themselves to its service, with local agencies for the sale of books. The separate pUblications of the Press a devotion and an enthusiasm which no have now reached 620. At the outbreak foreign organization, however efficient, of the World War, the Press had only 140 books on its list. By the end of however beneficent, could have evoked. the War, in spite of all the difficulties They have learnt to rely on themselves, to think out their own problems. Native leadership has been developed, native in- itiative encouraged. The Church in Uganda is in every way stronger and more reliable because the mission had the sense and the courage to hand over re- sponsibility at the right time.

regarding paper and so forth, the num- A Christian Blood Covenant ber was doubled. By June of 1926 the figure 570 was reached, and now it is T HIS striking illustration of the 620. The full message of the Gospel light thrown on Christian truth by was put into tbese publications. Last the interpretations of men of many year two dozen new publications in races is given by Henry C. McDowell, Arabic were produced, as well as five a representative in Angola, West in European languages for the purpose Africa, of the colored Congregational of clearing-that is to say, to serve churches in America: "In the course as manuals for translators into the of a conversation about the Holy Comvarious languages in Moslem Asia, munion with one of the charter memwhen the translators themselves do bers of the church, he said: not know Arabic. During the old days we made lots of the blood covenant. Very often a young man, while'in the initiation camps, would Growth of Church in Uganda covenant with another, or certain ones starting on their first journey would THE Uganda Mission of the Church Missionary Society celebrated last covenant with each other. They would year, it will be remembered, the jubilee of its founding in 1877. A recent take a little of each one's blood, mix the article in The Church Overseas de- two, and tie a cloth stained, with the mixed blood on the spot where the blood was drawn. Very often, after having been separated for a long time, they scribes present conditions in the Mis- would renew the covenant. On 'a long sion. The higher training of teachers journey the one must befriend the other, is felt to be a matter of first importance. The Bishop Tucker Memorial corne what might. If a wild animal at- tacks one, the other cannot leave him behind; if one dies, the other must die.

College has accommodation for eighty In the Holy Communion I renew my blood men, half of whom should be takIng normal training, and the tendency for covenant with Christ. I partake of His teachers to be content with a lower standard of training, such as can be blood, as of the blood of a friend. I obtained locally, is to be regretted. If the training of men teachers presents cannot leave Him after having drunk His blood, and I am crucified with Him in the sense that, having· taken the covenant, I must give my life for the same things that He gave His life for. I cannot leave Him and He cannot leave me.

difficulties, the problem of training women teachers is incomparably hard- Baptist Congo Jubilee D er. The Church in Uganda has 40,- URING the summer the English Baptist Missionary Society held 000 communicants, and the number of baptisms last year was 11,700. There a well-attended exhibition in London are sixty-nine African clergy. With to commemorate the fiftieth anniver-

sary of the founding of its Congo when it was expedient for them to be- Mission. The Christian (London) come Mohammedans. It is quite poscomments: "The pioneers pressed for- sible that the time may come when ward into the virgin forest among it will be expedient for them to behostile tribes, facing the danger of come Christians." It is rumored that wild beasts and enduring the ravages Kemal Pasha has said that he did not of disease-all in the confidence that care if everyone in Turkey became a they were fulfilling the divine will as Protestant. The Turks are said to be they sought to convey to the heathen drawing a distinction between "Chrispopulation of unknown Africa the tian" and "Protestant." Gospel of Christ's redemption. One after another of them fell victims to Changes in the Near East diseases, and passed away. But those who remained still pressed forward, AMONG the many newspaper rereinforced by kindred souls from the ports describing the Westernizing homeland. And their sacrifice, their of Turkey the most recent is the follabor, their witness, their death-these lowing: "New Turkey has decided to have not been in vain. To-day, there scrap all the old official titles left over are 893 stations, sub-stations and from the old regime beginning with places regularly visited; 11,739 the highest military title 'Pasha' which church members; 1,183 native work- henceforth will be 'General.' President ers; and 30,967 scholars under the in- Mustapha Kemal's name will thus be fluence and care o{the Society's repre- Westernized to General Ghazi Mustasentatives. To-day, there are hos- pha Kemal instead of the old form pitals, doctors and nurses, and to-day, Mustapha Kemal Pasha." A few days there is a fine literature available for earlier the Associated Press reported the natives in their own tongue." that, following Turkey's example in the emancipation of women, the Su- THE NEAR EAST preme Moslem Synod of Bosnia had decided to abolish the feminine veil, Religious Outlook in Turkey and said "At further sittings, the Synod will consider the movement in H OW can the Turks be won to favor of monogamy for both sexes Christ? A missionary of great in line with her sister Moslem states experience replies, "By the power of of Albania and Turkey." the Spirit and the frankly direct methods." The Turk has been a The city of Urumia has been remaster and his better nature is ap- named by that interesting person, the pealed to by the direct attitude. He present Shah, Mirza Reza Pahlevi, and has had much experience with indirec- will be known henceforth as Rezayeh. tion and subterfuge and is not appealed to by these. If there ever was Bible Lands Sunday-Schools a time when the Incarnation needed to be repeated, that is, lived in other MANY evidences are reported from lives, it is now. A Turkish-student churches and missions in Bible said to a missionary, "None of us are lands of an increasing appreciation happy, we have no ideal in life. How of the importance of Sunday-school did you go about it to get an ideal in work an<l a growing discontent with life 7" Such men constitute -a most inefficient and casual methods. Spehopeful field for Christian workers. cial attention was given by the Bible Lands' Sunday School Union to the A cabinet minister in Turkey' is re- preparation of their -exhibit for the ported on good authority to have said recent convention of the World's Sun- day School Association in Los Angeles. recently .to a member of a: leading This included photographs of schools; classes, departments, groups of older embassy: ."The Turks were originally sun-worshippers. Then came a time

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

students who are conducting pioneer bring that country in line with Wesvillage schools, work done by children tern ways. Significant was a message in the kindergarten and primary de- to the New York Times on June 15th, partments, daily vacation Bible to the effect that mosques are to be schools, voluntary Bible study groups, remodeled, seats put in, and music -and young people's societies. In addi- used in worship. What an undertaktion there was a map showing Iraq, ing it would be, however, to change Syria, Palestine, and Transjordania the habits of a people is evident from on which was marked every Sunday- the following quotation from a Turkschool in these countries. A special ish newspaper, Resimli: sign indicated registered Sundayschools, and anotber showed where There are 360 mosques in Constandaily vacation Bible schools have been tinople. During the whole season of held. Ramadan these mosques continue their activities uninterruptedly. The number Moslem. Converts in Syria in attendance at these 360 mosques dur- ing the feast days of Ramadan has been AMONG the many encouragements about 100,000. Constantinople has about 800,000 inhabitants, and an important ft that are coming to the members fraction of these are Christians and chil- dren, therefore attendance at mosque of the American Presbyterian Mission during Ramadan has been considerable. in Syria, Rev. James H. Nicol reports This fact shows us that the people have the following: "Three Moslems have not grown less religious, but on the conasked Mr. Alter why he is not more trary they have become more religious. active in teaching Christianity to The same has been true throughout our Moslems. One of the three question- country. With the exception of a few ers is now ready for baptism, a sec- radicals, it has been seen that people atond needs to have only a little more tend mosque regularly in all parts of instruction, and the third has said he Turkey. would become a Christian if the way were open. In ancient Tyre, a young Many Bibles Sold in Turkey Shiite Moslem was baptized, and has been joyfully testifying for Christ T HE American Bible Society anduring the year, bringing others to nounces that "a cheerful note perthe services. One of the Syrian vades the reports" from its two preachers in Sidon station was asked agencies in the Near East. The disto preach in Greek Orthodox churches, tribution of volumes of the Scripture and was besought by a group of one in the Levant and Arabic-Levant hundred Moslems to instruct them in Agencies during 1927 rose to a total 'spiritual things.' A Moslem convert of 224,501 volumes, over against the in Damascus has been able to remain 176,072 reported the previous year. and actually to take up the work of In Turkey, advertising in the news- Bible distribution in the market of papers continues to open doors. One his own city. On the other hand, a progressive newsdealer in A dan a Moslem family which became Chris- sought and took up the agency for tian in Damascus two or three years selling Bibles. When challenged by ago had to flee because of social perse- the gendarme he refused to be incution and are now members of .the timidated, and demanded to be brought church in Zahleh, where the father is before the commandant, to whom he carrying on his work as a cabinet exhibited the advertisements in the maker." Turkish papers. He was set free, with the remark, "I guess you're all right, Mosques in the New Turkey son. Sell all you like." Agencies for selling the Scriptures have been REPORTS have been coming from opened in five bookshops of Constan- Turkey in quick succession of the tinople, five in Smyrna, two in Angora, steps being taken by Kemal Pasha to and one each in Nazili and Ak-Hissar. The shop in Angora exhausted its sup- ply and has had a second stock.

Christ Influenees Arab Boys repeated dozens of times, with full ex- T HE boys in the high school con- planation and homely illustration. ducted at Basrah, Arabia, by mis- Once understood, he loves to repeat the sionaries of the Reformed Church in words and hear them repeated. America receive iIstruction in the Repetition may not be a virtue in the Bible every day. Rev. John Van Ess, American pulpit, but here in Arabiit'

D.D., writes: "That Christ is enter- it is not only a virtue but a necessity."

ing into their thoughts is evidenced particularly at the meetings of the INDIA AND SIAM Arabic literary society when His Caste in Present-Da.y India words are quoted and His example adduced in many a speech and essay." T HE influence of modern thought on the ancient caste system of Of one student recently baptized India is strikingly illustrated in two another missionary says: recent news items. First, The Indian Witness reports that in the presence His growth in knowledge and in grace of three hundred persons, described have been a delight to us all, and his as the elite of the Hindu residents courage and zeal in witnessing to his of Simla, the summer capital, a Moslem friends have been most admir- girl belonging to one of the depressed able. He was baptized in the presence classes was married in May to a highof about thirty people, most of whom caste Hindu by Vedic rites.' "That were schoolboys and present by the such a marriage could take place anyspecial invitation of Abdul Fadi himself. where in India under Hindu auspices, His parents, live in Baghdad and are solemnized by a Brahmin priest, withnaturally much displeased with the step out public opposition and with the imhe has taken. But he is radiantly happy plied approval of leaders of Hindu and a joy to us all. It is his ambition society, is," says the editor, "another and our hope that he may be trained as welcome evidence that India is beginan evangelist. We believe he is only the ning to forsake ancient social prejufirst one of a number of schoolboys who dices." are standing on the brink of decision: The very fact that his baptism caused A different side of the picture is not a ripple in the school, as far as stirring up opposition is concerned, leads us to the conviction that the leaven is working more effectively than we realize. We thank God and take courage.

seen in the story, told in The Church Evangelistic Work in Arabia Overseas, of the murder near Delhi REV. G. D. V AN PEURSEM, of the of Ramsarup, a Brahmin who annoyed Arabian Mission of the Reformed the orthodox Hindus of his village by Church in America, writes: "The attempting to raise the Chamars, and evangelist in our field seeks methods other members of the depressed by which the story of the Christ can classes, whom he allowed to wait on make its own indelible impression on him, fetch his water, and cut his vege- the mind. A true picture of Christ tables. When the Chamars complained will make a man think even if it does to him that their offerings had been not transform him. To this end spe- refused by the Brahmins at the vil- cial passages from the Gospel are lage temple, he advised them to build chosen, some which strike at the root their own temple and assisted them to of the man's need and the way of sal- do so. Legal proceedings followed, and vation. For myself I have found the later on Ramsarup was attacked by text 'Thou shalt call His name Jesus, eight other high-caste Hindus, who for He shall save His people from were subsequently sentenced to trans- their sins' most effective. Other mis- portation for life. Before this attack sionaries have other favorite passages, Ramsarup had had to separate from but all aim to represent Christ as his father and other relatives, who meeting the sinner's need. The il- had quarrelled with him owing to his literate Arab must have these passages behavior towards the Chamars.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

District Workers Confer have never read anywhere. We have REV. C. H. LOEHDLIN, district never found anything like them in superintendent of the Punjab our religious books.' So through this Mission of the Presbyterian Church, man's enthusiasm we sold two New (U. S. A.) writes from Moga of a Testaments and a number of gospels district missionaries' conference held in that village even though only a few in the spring, which was attended by people could read."

about twenty-five missionaries representing four missions working in the Lutheran Unity in India T Punjab. "Village registers; meltts HE Federation of L u the ran Churches in India, organized in Deand jalsas (Hindu and Moslem gatherings); the training of elders and cember, 1926, brings together for co- chandhris; how to meet the opposing operative purposes a dozen Lutheran movements of the Arya Samaj, the mission churches of all nationalities Roman Catholics, the Seventh Day with a strength of over 300,000 Indian Adventists, the Chuhras, and the Christians. The church of the -Goss- Ahmadiya Mohammedans; the de- ner Lutheran Missionary Society of velopment of the congregation; lay Germany now numbers 115,000, and evangelism; village economics; and the United Lutheran Church mission industrial training were the subjects 130,000. "The Federation," says Rev. presented for discussion, and all Isaac Cannaday, "has hopes of bringwho attended were cIJl)scious of the ing all these groups into a closer felstimulation and clarification that ac- lowship, and placing the future of company the sharing of common Lutheranism in India on a firm founproblems and experiences. As it was dation. The establishment of a colgenerally felt that such conferences lege and a theological seminary to would be profitable every two or three serve all these groups has been disyears, a continuation committee was cussed, but neither is in the very near appointed to set on foot plans for an- future. The United Lutheran Church other district conference, in which it college at Guntur will serve the foris hoped that district ladies, and mer purpose to a degree, but the sem- Indian assistants also will participate." inary project has been abandoned for the present. The monthly public:.ation Gospel Story Charms Brahmins of The Gospel Witness is the one prac- tical thing which these churches are REV. ROY T. MEEKER, who went doing in common. It is bringing the in 1918 to Fatehpur, in the North Lutherans in India to a better under- India Mission of the Presbyterian standing of each other's work, and Church (U. S. A.), writes of one vil- through the news supplied by the Na- lage where he talked for some time tional Lutheran Council News Bulle- with a group of high-caste men, and tin, to a knowledge of Lutheran one old Brahmin who seemed especially activities throughout the world."

interested bought a New Testament.

Mr. Meeker continues: "Two days Chinese Christian in Burma K later, approaching a village near this IU MA, a Chinese trader, lived for several years in a district .one, we were greeted by a Brahmin who said he wanted to see some more where his was the only Christian fam- of our books like the one he had seen ily. One day, however, he met a Ka- in the other village. 'For,' said he, ren Christian missionary, whom he 'my friend over in that village bought begged to stay and teach the people.

a book from you and that evening I He gave him hospitality, and finally called on him and we sat together settled him in a neighboring village reading about Jesus until one a. m. where there seemed a little more hope Such wonderful truths and stories we of response. For seven years the

Chinese trader and the Karen deacon work, silently permeating the whole worked together, planning, praying, population." encouraging one another in times when all their efforts seemed futile, Ahmadiya Missions in Ja.va but without much result. They were content to work and witness. "But T HE activity of this Moslem sect in within the past year," says the Eng- sending missionaries to both English paper, The Mission Field, "a great land and the United States has been change has taken place. A church reported in the REVIEW. Now Profesand school have arisen. A small Chris- sor A. J. Barnouw writes to the tian community is springing up. In Netherland-American Foundation that places the prejudice against Chris- he was introduced to an Ahmadiya tians is breaking down. Most of the representative by a Protestant misvillagers may never abandon their old sionary in Java. Be says: "My new ways, but there is great hope that acquaintance spoke fairly good Engtheir children and their children's lish, which made our conversation children will follow the way the trader easy and instructive. What had showed them by his brave, patient brought him to Java, I asked. His and consistent witness to the Chris- superiors at Lahore had sent him, he tian faith." said, to stem the swelling tide (this with an amiable smile at my com- Christian Colony to PI….t Rubber panion) of Christianity, Java being the only Mohammedan country in the ACHINESE Christian of the second world where the Christian mission generation-a graduate of two had achieved some success. He also American schools-has gone back to hoped to rescue the Javanese from the the Orient (in his case to the Malay hold theosophy had upon them. 'We Peninsula) determined that his busi- do not meddle with politics,' h~ ness career shall not interfere with said, 'we only bring a message his Christian service. Mrs. Charles of love and brotherhood and uni- E. Eckels of Sritamarat, Siam, writes versal freedom.' So he did not that this young man's father helped approve of the doctrine of the to found a Christian colony in the Holy War? He grew indignant at the Federated Malay States about twenty question and vigorously denied the years ago. The Government encour- existence of such a doctrine. That was aged the settlers to plant rubber trees a fiction of Christian missionaries. by giving them a few cents for each 'And what will be woman's position in tree planted. Ten or. fifteen acres of that new world set free by the Ahmaland were allotted each family. Re- diya?' 'Woman,' was the reply, 'must cent high prices of rubber have given remain subordinate for morality's each family a good income, and there sake, for her modesty is a more preis a very strong and prosperous Chris- cious thing than freedom.''' tian community, with ten lower schools, a church and a high school. CHINA AND TIBET This young man has now started a similar Christian settlement in Siam Demand for Religious Liberty near Singora. The Siam Government has given the group all the land they DR. JOHN H. REISNER, Dean of want to develop, and they are also Nanking University, writes: starting rubber plantations. "Most of "The Christian community in Nanking his people are young men from the has been very greatly influenced and first settlement, I think," writes Mrs. helped by the presence in Nanking Eckels. "It is very like the little during the past months of General leaven hidden in the meal. All over Chang Tsi-chiang, one of General this country Christian influence is at Feng's personal representatives to the Nanking government. He is a most

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

interesting character and it gives one necessity of holding together and maktremendous satisfaction to see him ing a continuous and consistent Chris- tian witness; and in certain cases the stand up so boldly for his Christian maintenance of church services in principles and the rights of religious spite of great difficulties. The fellow- ship maintained between missionaries liberty. It is reported that he has de- and Chinese at a time of international livered some very strong Christian strain has been a marked feature in speeches on various occasions before the case of some of the churches." the Military Council in Nanking." General Chang, who is a member of DR. New Ohinese Universities T. Z. KOO, general secretary the Central Government, and General of the Y. M. C. A. in China, and Niu Yung-chien, chairman of the widely known in the United States, Kiangsu Provincial Government, sub- writes of a recent visit he made to mitted to one of the government com- colleges and universities in North China. He tells in this report of two mittees an appeal for religious liberty, new universities in the process of forand a proclamation was later issued by mation in' that land: "In Moukden, the only student meetings held in the Executive Committee reaffirming schools were at the Tung Pei Unithis principle. The generals' docu- versity (government) and the Medical ment read in part: College (Christian). Tung Pei is a newly founded university and is the Since the .Communists began their only government institution of higher propaganda in China and made trouble learning in the Three Eastern Provfor the Chinese Government, birth has inces (Manchuria). My visit to this been given to slogans 'to overthrow cer- university reminded me of a visit tain religions and particularly Christi- made a little over a year ago to Yunanity. We know that Christianity is nanfu where I saw another university "protestant," a reformed religion, which in the process of development. These is entirely different from the Greek two new universities are situated at Church in Russia. This religion includes the opposite ends of China, one at the revolutionary ideas. Furthermore it puts extreme northeast and the other at particular strE!ss on the salvation of the the extreme southwest of our country. lower classes of people in the midst of This quiet permeation of the country sufferings. It has no real connection by education is one of the constructive with imperialism. The Communists are things happening in China which esnot unaware of these facts, but they are capes the attention of the casual obopposed to Christianity because the Chris- server. Yet, surely, the future of tian religion aims at reforming the inner China is in these institutions." life, which aim is entirely contradictory to their purpose–to destroy all existing Yale-in-China to Reopen moral values. THIS well-known institution in Vhinese Vhureh's Opportunity Changsha, more familiar per- haps under its Chinese name, DR. HENRY T. HODGKIN, secre- Yali, was closed, with the ex- tary of the National Christian ception of the hospital department, Council of China, has recently visited in the spring of 1927, during the Central China, and in a report letter revolutionary trouble in Hunan. Its buildings have been kept practically in which he discusses some of the dif- intact by the Chinese. It is now anficult problems which the Council is nounced that it is to be reopened this facing he also says: "There are more people than ever eager to buy our literature and to hear our message. I believe we are at the begining of a day of new opportunity in Central China. . . . . One of the most helpful signs is the development of a deeper fellowship with the Christian group. This is evidenced by cases where questions requiring discipline have been discussed with a freedom that was previously impossible; by a senSe of the

fall. Kenneth Anthony (Yale 1928) convention of the Association, more left on July 7th for Changsha, where than 6,000 delegates being present.

he will be associated with Francis S. The plan of reorganization proposed Hutchins, son of the President of at the Glasgow convention in 1924 Berea College, Kentucky, who is al- was adopted, and the Association will ready in China and will head up the function in future as a federation of work. These two young men will be the Sunday-school associations of the the only Americans to guide the entire various nations, instead of one cen- Chinese staff at Yali. Mr. Anthony is a trally directed organization. The member of Phi Beta Kappa, was vice- international character of the Associa- president of Dwight Hall (the Yale tion was emphasized in the fact that Y. M. C. A.) and president of the In- fifteen nations are represented among tercollegiate Missionary Union. the twelve newly-elected vice presi- dents and on the Executive Commit- "Pilgrim'. Progress" in Tibetan tee. Dr. W. A. Poole of London, retir- THIS autumn, when the tercente- ing President of the Association, re- nary of the birth of John Bunyan echoed the sentiments expressed by will be widely celebrated, the Religious other speakers and sounded the key- Tract Society of Great Britain is to note of the convention when he publish a Tibetan translation of Bun- declared: yan's masterpiece, which has already If we are really sincere when we pray been translated into many more lan- "Thy kingdom come" we must teach the childhood of the world that friendships guages than any other book in the are better national protection than battleworld except the Bible. The transla- ships, that ballots are more effective tion is the work of Rev. Evan Mac- than bullets, and that law is more final kenzie, who gave thirty-three years than war.

of service to the Tibetan Pioneer Mis- The Church and the Calendar sion, and who is now living in Scotland. The volume will be illustrated T HE movement to simplify the calwith pictures drawn by an artist with endar, stabilizing Easter and other Indian experience, and, therefore, church days and equalizing the calculated to make appeal to the Ori- months, has been making substantial ental mind. Mr. Mackenzie has been headway. On September 30, 1927, the greatly encouraged in his task by re- League of Nations informed the Govceiving an order for two hundred ernment of the United States that it copies of the book, from his old sta- had invited all the governments of the tion, the Church of Scotland Mission world to give its committee "all inat Kalimpong. The Christian (Lon- formation of value" bearing on the simplified calendar proposal, and par- don) states that Mr. Mackenzie can ticularly requested that a national preach in four Oriental languages, and committee be formed "to study this has spent much time in the work of reform." Such a committee has now Bible translation and revision. been formed, with Mr. George East- GENERAL man as chairman. The proposed simplified calendar World's S. S. Convention consists of a thirteen-month year, ONE of the striking features of the each month having twenty-eight days, quadrennial convention of the each day of the week always falling World's Sunday School Associa- on the same date. A new month tion, held in Los Angeles, Calif., "Sol" would follow June; the 365th July 11th to 18th, was the repe- day would be December 29th, to be tition of the Lord's Prayer in called "Year-Day." "Leap-Day" would more than thirty different lan- come once in four years on June 29th.

guages. The attendance was very Easter would fall every year on April much larger than at any preceding 8th.

WOIUH

Any books menti07led in these colum718 will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REvIEw.

Attitudes Toward Other Faiths. Daniel J. moral conduct which are inculcated by Fleming. 166 pp. $1.75. New York. Confucianism; the disinterested pur- 1928. suit of truth and of human welfare which are often found in those who This is a timely work on an im- stand for secular civilization." Dr. portant topic. The various peoples and Fleming's book, which almost synchroreligions of the world are daily com- nises with the above-mentioned state- ment, is marked by the same spirit of ing into closer contact with one an- discriminative appreciation, and will certainly be very helpful to many. It other. The question is as to the right deals with seven realms of contact: the possibility and limits of comattitude, the Christlike attitude, to- mon worship; the use of other sacred Scriptures; interconfessional ward other religions and their ad- courtesies and hospitality; material contributions between religionists, enherents. This is a question that riching another faith; interreligious cooperation in counsel, and interrelicannot be avoided. The problem is gious cooperation in service.

beset with perils. On the one hand Dr. Fleming from his years of mis- sionary service in India is acquainted there is the danger of an undiscrimi- with Hinduism. The sound criticism which he makes against that great nating liberality, which overlooks system is that "its synthetic spirit and comprehensive charity has been vital differences, and the danger, on indiscriminating," and he adds: "The lesson I gain from Hinduism is that the other, of a hidebound narrowness, it would be better for Christianity to shun all influence of other systems which is unable to see evidences of rather than exercise a weak or senti- mental or undiscriminating hospitality the working of the Spirit of God, to other faiths, however genuinely held." when they ought to be seen and The supreme asset of Christianity acknowledged with thanksgiving. The and the supreme need of the world is Jesus Christ; and so those who can statement in the Christian Message most helpfully and safely fraternize with the adherents of other religions which has gone forth to the world are those who are filled with the Spirit of Christ and mature Christian experifrom the Jerusalem Meeting contains ence. Dr. Fleming in his last chapter on some fundamental positions reaches the following splendid utterance on a very high level of insight and aspira- tion. Sadhu Sundar Singh was asked the appreciation of the aspects of truth in other religions :-"We wel- come every noble quality in non-Chris- tian persons or systems as further proof that the Father, who sent His Son into the world, has nowhere left Himself without witness. . We recognize as part of the one Truth that sense of the majesty of God, and the consequent reverence in worship which are conspicious in Islam; the deep sympathy for the world's sor- row and unselfish search for the way of escape, which are at the heart of Buddhism, the desire for contact with Ultimate Reality conceived as spirit- ual which is prominent in Hinduism; the belief in a moral order of the uni- verse and consequent insistence on '165

by the pundits of Benares what great written by a young Chinese and al- truth or profound philosophy he had ways ringing true to a patriotic found in Christianity that made him devotion to his native country, he leave his old religion. His answer nevertheless is more free from cap- was, "I found Jesus Christ." Dr. tious criticism than an American Fleming after quoting this adds, "We author usually displays toward lands do earnestly desire to share with our that have opposed or wronged the brethren everywhere that knowledge United States. He introduces certain incidents not generally known here, of Him and of His Spirit which we that make China's bitterness toward believe to be God's unspeakable gift." Occidental Governments, and Japan In like manner the invitation that has especially, seem more natural and exgone forth from the Jerusalem Meet- cusable. From his chapter on "Chiing is that "the followers of non- nese Nationalism" we get an apologia Christian religions join with us in the for that spirit, though he does not study of Jesus Christ."-H. D. GRIS- argue for the position of Nationalism as a party. In a single quotation from WOLD.

China and World Peace. Studies in Chi- Karakhan it is easy to see why Russia had so strong a hold upon Chinese nese International Relations. By students in the early period of her Mingchien Joshua Bau, Ph.D. Pp. 194. influence over China. "The New New York. $2. 1928.

The author was invited to partici- British Policy in China" does not seem pate in the sessions of the Institute of as strong or clear as he might have Pacific Relations at Honolulu in 1927. made Chapter IV. "Tariff Autonomy"

As a result he reviews the China situ- is discussed with a greater reference ation and says: "The purpose of this to authorities than any other topic; work is to review the main factors in though his chapter on "Extraterri- the area of Chinese international pol- toriality" is almost as well buttressed itics since the Washington Conference, by documents. On the whole it is a to treat of the leading issues involved good book of reference of the briefer in the situation, and to point out a sort, and gives us a hint as to what a way for the readjustment of China's Chinese Professor of Political Science foreign relations, with a view to is teaching his students in the Peking hastening China's entrance into the National University.

family of nations as a full equal, H. P. BEACH.

averting any unnecessary conflict of Camp Fires in the Congo. Mrs. John M. Springer. Illus. 12 mo. 128 pp. Camideas, policies and forces, thereby in a bride, Mass. 1928. small way promoting world peace….. This work, as its nature and purpose Juniors will enjoy this picture of require, deals only with the external or international problems of the Wash- Central Africa and its peoples, for the ington Conference. It does not at all volume is the product of over half cover internal or domestic problems" a century of missionary experience in though he grants that the latter "are Rhodesia and the Belgian Congo. Mrs.

by far the more vital and important." Springer describes many native char- While this volume does not show acteristics and customs, life in the anything like the thoroughness seen huts and the kraals, thrilling experi- in Dr. Bau's "Foreign Relations of ences with wild beasts, native palavers China," yet he writes far more con- and the African reception of the mis- cisely and without the laborious docu- sionary, and the Gospel. Mrs. Springer mentation of that volume. His "loves the trail" in spite of privations authorities are given in part at the and hardships, dirt and degradation, close of each chapter and in the sixty- because she loves the Lord whose mes- six pages of "Related International senger she is. The book is worth Documents" at the close. Though reading-not only for juniors but for

BOOKS WORTH READING

adults. Here we learn why African manifestly European types. The bedboys come to the mission school; how time stories of old Emi may well pass they drive away tig-ers; what Africans for actual chapters from the dark eat and how they play; native customs days of earlier Papuan history. At in connection with funerals and wed- some points the diologue is unduly dings; how fetishes are made and expanded and cumbered with detail, used; how rubber is cultivated and but there is an intimation that this is marketed; African diseases and how a native characteristic. they are combated. We also become acquainted with great missionaries, The story is interesting throughlearn how they carryon the work and out and the reader closes the book see some of the astounding results. with an unusual sense of acquaintance Each chapter is well illustrated and with this promising field of effort and suggests attractive ways of using the with these simple-hearted and menmaterial with junior boys and girls. tally alert people of the South Seas. The book makes Africa live. The missionary objective is by no means obscured and the closing chap- Way Back in Papua. J. H. Holmes. 320 ter contains a powerful appeal for more sympathetic interest in the phys- pp. lOs. 6d. London. 1927. ical and material well-being of these backward races as well as in their This is a new type of book on mis- spiritual development. It is a narrasions and among the most striking tive that is calculated to impress those' since Dan Crawford's "Thinking who question the practical value of Black." Instead of the usual geo- missionary effort. It will also interest graphical, ethnological and historical and awaken young people. treatise we have a fascinating story of Papuan life; a story of many dra- HUGH R. MONRO. matic situations and stirring episodes. Three generations file across the Sir James Ewing. A biography. Robert scene: first, the head-hunting canni- E. Speer. 307 pp. $2.75. New York. bals of a half-century ago; then the 1928. transition period wherein this remarkable brown people are opening their The late Sir James Ewing, more eyes to the inventions and ideas of familiarly known as Dr. J. C. R. Ewthe white man; finally the native ing, who was for forty-three years a Christian community, to which they missionary in India, had close conapply the good scriptural term "Eka- tacts with many classes and types of lesia." The twelve or more leading people. As professor in the Theologicharacters of the story are native and cal Seminary, Saharanpur, he taught British, heathen and Christian; and many Indian ministers. For thirty the portrayal shows such intimate years, as President of the Forman knowledge of native habits and cus- Christian College, Lahore, he knew toms and is worked by such literary personally a multitude of students. skill, that the reader becomes all but a For six or seven years he was Vicelistener to the table-talk in successive Chancellor of the Punjab University, Papuan cabins and is a witness to the and was recognized as a great missionstruggle between primitive stone-age ary educator, classed with Dr. Miller customs and the new ways of the of Madras and Dr. MacKichan of Bomwhite civilization. bay. As Moderator in 1915 of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian One rather suspects that some of Church in India he was honored as a the characters in this story are more churchman. His services to the Govthan creations of the author's literary ernment of India were sO conspicuous fancy; Betsiana, Omora and Ani that he received distinction after disobviously belong to the native pic- tinction, culminating in that of honorture, while Ronolo, the Bisopa (mis- ary knighthood. At retirement from sionary) and Daketa (Doctor) are as missionary service in 1922 he received

what he regarded as his crowning China and Japan; the Brahmans of honor, being elected President of the India; and the Moslems of Turkey, Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- Persia and Egypt, are a mine of valu- sions of the Presbyterian Church, able information. But perhaps our U. S.A. chief interest will be in the chapters The fascinating story of this "rug- dealing with its use in the Christian ged and virile personality" has been Church. Here we read of the varieset forth by Dr. Speer with literary ties of rosary used in the different skill and with real sympathy and insight. It is a great biography of a Eastern Communions and of the eargreat man. What finer service could America have rendered to India than liest Christian practice of the rosary the gift of such a man as James Ewing,'who for over forty years loved at Rome and in England. and served the people of India, and because he loved them and knew their The book closes with a chapter on need, preached Christ as able to meet all their need? The reading of this "The Psychology of the Rosary," in notable biography ought to clarify the missionary motive and reveal the which the author, s.tarting from a simple grandeur of such a life as that of Dr. Ewing.· His name will long premise that the rosary is the symbol remain as a "household word" in many an Indian home, Christian and non- of personal religion throughout the Christian. civilized world, gives many pages on his estimate of its real worth as an aid to devotion, and finally why it does not appeal to those who hold the evan- gelical view of prayer. It is a book worth reading by those interested in the rosary as a work of art, and much more so by those who still are asking, "Lord, teach us to pray." J. C.

The Forman Christian College, La- Speaking with Other Tongues, Sign or Gift! Whicht T. J. McCrossan. 53 hore, is the educational monument to pp. 35 cents. New York. 1927.

Dr. Ewing. Its foundations were laid The author opens with the state- ment that: "Today hundreds of God's by Dr. Forman and Rev. W. H. C. saints really speak with other tongues when baptized or filled with the Holy Velte, but Dr. Ewing was the first Ghost, just as the hundred and twenty Galilreans spake on the day of Pentepresident of the institution, from 1888 cost." He proceeds to give incidents of people speaking in Chinese, Norto 1918. His true monument, how- wegian and French and is sure that ever, "more lasting than brass" is the contribution he made, through ex- ample and word, to the creation in In- dia of Christian manhood and woman- hood. H. D. GRISWOLD.

The Rosary. A Study in the Prayer Life the people who spake in these tongues of Nations. Cornelius Howard Patton. had no knowledge of the language in 160 pp. New York. Illustrated, which the man or woman spake. $1.50. 1927. The next step is a consideration of One interested in the sources of re- the question, "Will all who are filled ligion and who recognizes that we are with the Holy Spirit speak with other living in a praying world, will value tongues?" The author holds that it this little book. It shows how, in does not necessarily follow. Next he many widely separated countries and proceeds to examine every passage in throughout many centuries, the "ro- the New Testament where this manisary" has been a help in man's com- festation of the Spirit's presence is munion with God. mentioned and concludes that the Bible We are taken back to the monu- does not teach that speaking with ments of Nineveh and to the Zoroas- other tongues will necessarily follow trians of Persia to show the antiquity of the rosary. Chapters on its origin the baptism with the Holy Spirit and and use among the Buddhists of Tibet, that there may be a counterfeit of the real gift. M. T. SHELFORD.

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1927

CHINESE IDEA OF A DEAD CHURCH-A SPIDER'S WEB OVER THE

McCUTCHEON'S PRESENTS LIBERTY of LONDON We announce with pleasure that we are now New York retail headquarters for Liberty & Co. of London.

The House of Liberty has been known for over fifty years for the distinctive beauty ofits merchandise. Original designs, refreshing color combinations, and expert crafts, manship characterize every fabric and every article which bears the stamp of Liberty. Women of exclusive taste in, variably appreciate the novel beauty of Liberty products.

Our Fall and Winter Catalogue illustrates many lib- erty wares. Write for your copy and select Fabrics, Scarfs, Bags and quaint gift articles from its pages.

Me Cutcheoo·s ['r!J 5th Avenue 49th Street DEPT. No. 20 – – NEW YORK , Protect YourseH YOUR GIFT ~ Help Others TO FOREIGN MISSIONS WILL PAY YOU 4~% to 9% 1 By securing Annuity Agreements Per Year for the REST OF YOUR LIFE ~ from Methodist Mission Boards Hundreds of persons are enjoying that per- J fect peace of mind which is born of the certain- ty of a definite income for life through the YOU are protected by a guar- Annuity Gift Plan. The safety of the principal is guaranteed by Annuity Gifts ranging from anteed income which will not $100 to $65,000. totaling over one and a quar- depreciate. Investigation of the ter million dollars and held by the Board as a security is invited. reserve fund guaranteeing annuity payments.

OTHERS will hear the Christian You can give without sacrificing interest you message because of your generosity. need for the support of yourself or others and receive an income on your gift at the rate of For Further information write: from Morria W. EhneB, Treasurer. Board of Foreign 4~% to 9% per year Mission. 01 the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 Fifth Avenue. New York. N. Y .• or for the rest of your life W. J. Elliott, Treuurer. Board 01 H6meMi••ions Protect yourself against loss from unwise invest~ and Church Extension 01 the Methodist Epilcopal ments and at the same time do your part in Church. 1701 Arch Street. Philadelphia. Po. spreading the gospel of Christ in foreign lands.

For further information, write Ernest F. Hall. Secretary. Department 0/ Annultiu BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS llil of the Pre,byterian Church, U. S. A.

156 Fifth Avenue. New York Please mention THIll MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THB WOllLD In writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY FOR50YEARS! REVIEW OF THE WORLD DELAVAN L. P~RBON. Editor Contents for November, 1927 ttA Missionary to Missionaries"

Page FOR HALF A CENTURY our FRONTISPIECE …. Missionary Bureau has been ministering to the needs of Mis- CHINESE IDEAS OF MISSIONS IN CARTO()N. sionaries in every country in the world – with Food, Clothing, EDITORIALS …… . 805 Household Articles and Mission Station Equipment-at a great THE SUPREME MOTIVE IN MISSIONS. saving to them in money, ex- penses and worry. THE COMING JUBILEE NUMBERS. COOPERATION IN HOME MISSIONS. New Missionaries will find it MISSIONS AT THE INSTITUTE OF PA- very economical and convenient CIFIC RELATIONS .D. J. FLEMING 809 to have us outfit them, and for- ward their personal effects com- CHRIST WITHOUT CHRISTIANITY bined in one shipment with goods purchased from us. • .••••..•. WILLIAM BANCROFT HILL 814 Churches may select gifts and ,A MEDICAL TRIP TO KATE'EF, ARABIA donations of supplies or equip- •••••••••…••• PAUL W. HARRISON 821 ment from our catalog for us to send to Missionaries everywhere. AMONG THE NOMAD ARABS ……… . • .•..••••…•…… LEIGH F. IRISH 824 AMONG THE ASSYRIIANS OF PERSIA " ••••.•••.•••.. MRS. J. P. COCHRAN 828 HAVE CHRISTIANS A VITAL MCESSAGE FOR NON-QHIUSTIAN2? ……. .

••••••••••• ARTHUR JUDSON BROWN 831 NEW OPPORTUNITIES IN CHILE · ………………. C. M. SPRING 839 HELPING THE LEPERS IN SRINAGAR, KASHMIR ….. LETTICE M. SHANN 841 SUBJUGATING AN AFRICAN JUNGLE' .. Our Wholesale Department Gives: • •••••••••••••••••• HARRIET LANE 844 Special Discounts onpurchases A CHINE'SE CHRISTIAN SERMON ….. .

•..••….•••. . HSUEH MENG TS'AI 848 for Missionary Institutions, BEST METHODS …•.• EDITH MAE BELL 850 Schools and Hospitals.

HISTORY TEST ON HOME MISSIONS …. Field Secretaries or Purchasing • •..•….•.••…•. BELLE M. BRAIN 850 Agents should get in touch with our Wholesale Department and WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLE,TIN "

., EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 857 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN save money for their stations. ., .. EDITED BY ELLA D. MAcLAURIN 860 Mission Boards contemplating NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ………… 863 building campaigns are invited to THE MISSIONARY LIBRARy ………. 877 request our lowest Wholesale TERMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 In clubs of prices, on Building Material, 'five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single coples, Hardware, Paints, Roofing, Fabri- cated Fencing, Plumbing, Heating 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted. 1927, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM- pANY, INC. An rights reserved.

and Electrical Equipment.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING Write us about your needs. We COMPANY, InC.

ROBERT E. SPEER. Pre8ident guarantee safe delivery of every WILLIA.M: I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-Pre8ident order. If you haven't a catalogue, DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary WALTER McDOUGA~L, Treasurer send for a FREE copy.

Publlcation oftlce, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, MONTGOMERY, WARD & CO. Pa.. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year Missionary Bureau Chicago, U. S. A. Ed1tottal and Business Oftl"", 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Ent~red as second-class matter at the Post ,Office, Harrisburg, Pa.., under Act of March 3, 1879. Please mention THE MI88IONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD In writing to advert!ser•• What Will You Do for Christmas?

Christ came to bring joy and peace to all mankind and His message is still being heralded to the world. .

That message is not for Christmas day alone; It is for all the year.

It is not for America alone; It is for all people in all lands.

It is not for earthly life alone; It carries an import for all eternity.

Your Christmas Gift May Help to Spread Christ's Message You may spread it through the year. You may send it to other lands. You may relate it to Eternal Life.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD shows the need of people of all lands and races and conditions for the Gospel of Christ.

It tells the story of how this Good News is spreading and is being received at' home and abroad.

It is the leading interdenominational, international, evangelical missionary monthly of America.

WilJ you send this up-to-date, authoritative, interesting and inspiring storehouse of missionary information to some friend LAYMAN PASTOR MISSIONARY TEACHER STUDENT SHUT-IN It will be a welcome reminder all the year. A true Christmas gift, in the Spirit of Christ. Send the name and address with check or money order. We will enter the name immediately and send an appropriate card announcing that this monthly Christmas and New Year gift is coming from you. One annual subscription $2.50. Two sUbscriptions $4.00 (regular price $5.00).

ACT NOW. DON'T MISS OUR .JUBILEE NUMBERS ———F-il-l -in-b-la-nk-b-el-ow–an-d-m-ai-l p-r-om-p-tl-y.——— MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York.

Dear Friends: r Enclosed please find { $2.50'- for {one gift subscription} for the REVIEW $4.00 and one .-enewal '

to be sent for the year 1926 to the addresses given below.

Please send an advance card announcing the coming of the gift.

GIFT SUBSCRIPTION RENEWAL SUBSCRIPTION Name …………………………………………………………..

Address ……………………………………………………….

Date……………………………………………..Sent by…………….

Please mention 'Tat MISSIONARY R:E:VIE:W OF 'rHt WORI.,D in writing to advertisers. IN THE MISSIONARY CONTRIBUTION BOX THE HOME MISSION FIELD OF THE CHINESE CHRISTIlAN CH1JRCH CHINESE CHRISTIAN VIEWS OF CHRISTIAN ACTIVITY From a p~let ",sued: by the OMnese Home Mi8s"",""11 Sou;..t1/.

HE MI_S:'SIONARY

MEW~ VOL. NOVEMBER, 1927 NUMBER L ELEVEN THE SUPREME MOTIVE IN MISSIONS D o THE great Ohristian missionary motives change with chang- ing times 1 An interesting questionnaire was recently sent out to missionary leaders in America asking for an expression of opinion as to the most powerful motives that impel Ohristians to carryon Ohristian work among the non-Christian people. The answers were illuminating though the scope of the inquiry was limited. Answers came from Board secretaries, pastors, professors, and officers in women's missionary societies but very few were recorded from students and none from business men.

Among the more than one hundred answers tabulated the greatest number put first the desire to fulfil Christ's mission to the world. Other motives mentioned prominently were a desire to spread the Kingdom of God, obedience to the command of Christ, the love of Christ for all mankind and a desire to develop the best possibilities in those for whom we work. Some motives were stricken out as not to be considered-such as for example, "a desire to hasten the Second Coming of Christ," and "pity for the future state of the heathen." Among motives thought to be losing ground were "the greater glory of God, a desire to extend the Church, and pity for the present life of those without Christ." Motives thought to be increasing in influence include a desire to help solve world problems, a desire for the broadest human fellowship and to promote good-will between nations and races.

It would be more illuminating as to the present-day attitude toward missions if this survey could be made more inclusive, but the answers show the trend of modern thought among many engaged in missionary work-a lessening of motives based on obedience to the command of God and on a desire to rescue unbelievers from sin and eternal death, and an increase of emphasis on the human motives to SOij . improve present conditions and to increase brotherliness, and to pro- mote international and interracial peace and good will.

Any unselfish motive is commendable that leads a man to help his brother-man and to bring about a better relationship between man and God and between man and man. But many motives are inade- quate to induce persistent effort against difficulties and opposition Clnd fail to inspire large sacrifice of time, money, comfort and life.

Is not the inadequacy of the motives that actuate some mission- ary workers, one explanation of the insufficiency of missionary serv- ice and support1 What are the adequate, most impelling missionary motives1 Surely none that appeal to self-interest. It is natural that difficulties should discourage those who are working only for temporal improve- ment in human relations. The need is there bu't the fact that some of the worst conditions exist in the most civilized and enlightened lands decreases hope 'of success.

The g:t:eat compelling missionary motive is the same as it was nineteen centuries ago. Why should it change? Jesus Christ was the greatest missionary of all time and the great missionary Exem- plar. His motive was love-first, a self-sacrificing desire to please God the Father, to make Him known and to fulfil His will; and ,'lecond, a compassionate love for mankind-a desire that :men might be saved from the temporal and eternal results of their ignorance and sin. Jesus Christ came to do the will of His Father and He was moved with compassion for shepherdless humanity. He gave His life to save them, without counting the cost to Himself.

To what motives did He appeal when He commissioned His dis- ciples to carryon the work that He began 1 The first motive was loyal, loving obedience to Himself as divine Lord and Saviour. The second was like unto it-a compassionate love for shepherdless humanity, a self-forgetful desire to help save men from sin and its consequences.

If Christian missions are looked upon as a human enterprise to promote earthly ideals only, then we shall be moved-if at all-to carry them forward by certain humanitarian considerations; if the enterprise is a divine campaign under an ever-living, all powerful Leader, then its aims and motives will be different. It was a divine impulse that actuated the apostle Paul when he exclaimed "Woe is me if I preach not the Gospel" and" The love of Christ constraineth me. " It was loyalty to Christ's command and the sense of men's spiritual need-for time and eternity-that has actuated the great- est missionaries in the history of the Church-Xavier, Lull, Carey, Morrison, Martyn; Judson, Moffat, Mackay, Taylor, Paton, Scudder, Chamberlain and unnumbered others who believed that all men need their Saviour and who counted not their lives dear unto themselves if only they might make known God and His way of Life through Christ, to those who did not know Him.

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

There are many secondary motives for missionary service-the spirit of brotherliness and of gratitude, a desire to make the most of one's talents and to go where the need is greatest; but the primary, the impelling, compelling, propelling motives of loyal love to God and a compassionate love for man are alone adequate for all time and all circumstances. Should we not stress these motives more?

OUR COMING JUBILEE NUMBERS T HE fiftieth anniversary of the REVIEW will be celebrated by two special numbers, December and January, in which some of the leading missionary writers of the day will survey the progress made during the past half-century. It is a most interesting and stim- ulating study.

One hundred years ago the missionary enterprise was in its infancy. What was the situation in· home churches and in foreign fields fifty years ago V How much more wide awake to her missionary responsibility is the Church of today? What changes have taken place in missionary giving, in missionary vision, in the training of the young, in the basis of the missionary appeal?

One hundred years ago there were no Protestant Christian mis- sionaries in Japan, Korea, Central Asia or Ce.ntral Africa, and only a handful of native Christians were to be found in China and India and Moslem lands. What was the situation in these countries fifty years ago and what progress has been made since then?

While America was discovered over four and a quarter centuries ago, Christian settlements one hundred years ago had penetrated only a few hundred miles from the eastern coast. What was the home mission situation in 1878-among Indians, Negroes, Orientals, aliens and migrant workers? How much progress has been made since that time~ .

A close view of conditions never gives a true idea of progress.

The virtues and the faults of our immediate surroundings, or of our contemporaries, are too apparent. .We need to take a long look back- ward in order to note the relative conditions and to appreciate the progress or retrogression. By such a survey we may learn the lessons taught by history and may see how to work more effectively for the present and the future. Read what the missionary leaders say on these subjects in our December and January issues.

COOPERATION IN HOME MISSIONS V ARIOUS denominational boards and local agencies have bee11 brought together into closer sympathy and helpful fellowship in service through the Home Missions Council and the state councils. The general theory of cooperation is easier to promote than is the practice of the theory.

In the state of Idaho, a home missions council was formed which has not only accepted the principle of cooperation, but has allocated sixty-two fields to various denominations-Methodist, Baptist, Pres- byterian, Episcopal, Congregational and United Presbyterian. Most of these fields in the four counties of southern Idaho have since been occupied.

In Montana, the state council of workers from various denomina- tions has met twice a year in conference for frank discussion. Fields have not been allocated, but a study of the State has been made and principles of allocation have been adopted-to give each district adequate service and to give the people in each district a choice of the ministry they prefer.

In Kansas, the representatives of various evangelical churches have met and decided upon the basis for an interdenominational church council to study the religious work of the State; to lay plans for better interchurch cooperation; to provide an efficient religious program for every State. .

The North Dakota Council of Church Superintendents has adopted an aggressive program to reach every community with the gospel message so as completely to evangelize the State. This pro- gram includes (l)discovery meetings j (2) a survey of the religious needs of each district; (3) a study of the best means for supplying those needs; (4:) an aggressive effort to supply the needs by personal service from existing churches; (5) evangelism of unoccupied fields by pastors and teams of laymen.

In Nevada, a state of very scattered population, a beginning has been made by a conference of state superintendents of church work at which it was determined to study the conditions in the State and to develop plans of cooperation. Unchurched and over-churched communities were discussed and some were allocated for special cultivation by colporteurs, Sunday-school workers and evangelists.

In some districts, full-grown boys and girls have never yet had an opportunity to attend a church service of any kind. Nevada will be a home mission territory for some years to come.

In western Washington, the Seattle council of churches is study- ing ways and means to give religious privileges to every group -social and racial-of all ages and both sexes. Every religious group is urged to assume special responsibility and to cooperate so as to avoid overlapping and waste of effort, men and mouey.

Wyoming has a Home Missions Council, has surveyed the State and held interdenominational conferences. Some cooperative work has been done and some agreemeuts as to division of territory have been reached. Only a beginning has, however, been made.

The· Home Missions Council. the Council of Women for Home Missions, and the Federal Council of Churches have jointly called a conference on "Comity and Cooperation" to meet in Cleveland, Ohio, January 20 to 22, 1928.

at the Institute of Pacific

BY REV. DANIEL 3". FLEMING, PH.D., NEW YORK Author of "Whither Bouud iu Missions," etc.

I T IS fascinating to see human folks about the earth feeling out toward diplomatic and social machinery that will make for a better world. Still frail and experimental and yet containing the possibilities of immense significance for the world is the Institute of Pacific Relations which held its second session in Honolulu, Hawaii, July 14th-28th. No Christian who is thinking in world terms can fail to be interested in this agency for pooling the varied experiences of the on-going peoples about the Pacific in the hope that guidance may be drawn therefrom for the future. .

The Institute of Pacific Relations differs from the Williamstown Institute of Politics in that the latter is composed ahnost exclusively of Americans and has no interim activities whether of research, edu- cation or publicity. Similarly the Royal Institute of International Affairs in London is an agency of one people, being made up of a small number of influential Britishers including government experts who carryon private discussions. The World Peace Foundation confines itself to the publication of pamphlets. The Foreign Policy Association issues a valuable information service and holds bi-weekly luncheons followed bv addresses and discussions. The Council of Foreign Affairs is co~posed of a small group of Americans who hold Round Table discussions throughout the winter and publish the valu- able quarterly Foreign Affairs. The "League" is an affair between governments.

Differentiated from these organizations the Institute of Pacific Relations confines itself to the Pacific. It is not the agency of any one people, for members came to the recent session in Honolulu as follows: United States, 44; Japan, 18; Canada, 16; Hawaii, 15; China, 14; Great Britain, 14; Australia, 5; New Zealand, 5; Korea, 3; Philippines, 3. It is a voluntary unofficial organization based on national groups and purposely gathers together men and women of the most varied viewpoints such as social and religious workers, financiers, men of affairs, labor leaders, university professors, and technicians in many lines.

The object of the Institute is to study and interpret the thought, culture, activities and institutions of the Pacific countries; and to examine into and seek remedies for international and interracial friction and to develop closer cooperation and friendship. Govern- ments tend to wait until the blaze is started. The Institute seeks to anticipate friction points and to see whether international misunder- 809

standings cannot be cleared, hates tempered and racial conflicts avoided by a search for and use of factual knowledge.

To this end the Institute carries out a threefold program, holding a two weeks' session every two years, carrying on continuous research, and instituting processes of popular education. The Institute has demonstrated that persons of the most varied intellectual, cultural and racial backgrounds can, when eating and living together, discuss with frankness and mutual respect issues that are intensely controversial. In such an atmosphere sources of ill-will are discovered, gaps in data are laid bare, tolerance and comprehension are' engendered and solutions visioned. However, the Institute permits no resolutions and leaves results in action to its various members.

It must be interesting to readers of the REVIEW that a body with such personnel and objectives should devote four round tables and one forum to the subject of foreign missions. At the first institute, in 1925, it became evident that Christian missions were a large factor in the relations of peoples about the Pacific basin, but there was no adequate factual statement which could be used as the basis of discussion as the extent to which Christian missions are an international asset or an international liability. Such an evaluation for the purpose of the Institute should be inclusive-that is, giving missions their appropriate place and setting among the total forces making for social change. It should, also, be objective, not merely an apology for missions. Efforts are being made to secure such an evaluation of missions by a thoroughly impartial body."

Questions such as the following were made the basis of the roundtable discussions: How do the nationals in countries to which missionaries go evaluate the missionary enterprise?

How far do those who hold certain religious beliefs possess the inherent right to propagate them?

How far should national considerations affect the conduct and activity of missionary work?

What principles should guide action in regard to indemnities for loss of life or property by missionaries?

What limitations may a government rightly or wisely place upon the propagation of religion by aliens?

To what extent, if at all, should missionaries mix in politics? What ethical standards should mark the contact of one religion with another in order to make for harmony and growth?

Mr. T. Z. Koo classified the objections against missions in China *Prof. Harlan P. Beach, that veteran and be-Ioved author and student of missions. has at the request of the American section of the Tnstitute. preparf'rl a monolrraoh of 76 pages on "Missions as a Cultural Factor in the Pacific." All friends of missions should have this study at their disposal for Prof~ Beach has brought together into this compact form a mass 01' valuable material. He discusses the extent and the nature of the social and cultural effects of missions in the South Sea Archipelagoes. the Hawaiian Islands, the Philippine Islands. China, Japan and Chosen. It may be secured from the American Committee, lnstitUite of Pacific Relations, 129 E. 52d St., New York City. Other papers on missions prF'senteif tn fre Institnte in printed or mimeographed form we-re "A Memorandum on MiSSions," by Henrv T. Hodgkin; "Facing the Future of the Missionary Movement" by Fldward H. Hurne; "The 'rrransfer of Authoritv .and Control from America to the Orien't," by A. L. Warnshuis; "Sue-gestions for a Cod… of ·Ethics for Relations between Religions'" by n. J. Fleming: "Missionary Problems from an Anthropological Viewpoint," by T. F. McIlwraith.

MISSIONS AT THE INSTITUTE OF PACIFIC RE,LATIONS

under four heads. Some oppose Christianity not as a religion but because it is implicated in unjust treaty provisions. Others, influenced by the communists, think of religion as a drug prepared and used by the capitalists to lull the senses of the submerged classes, and they attack Christianity as the most active religion. The nationalists oppose Christianity as superstition and are a group to be seriously considered. Finally "the man in the street" claims that Christians do not practice what they preach. After a distinguished non-Christian member of the Institute had weighed Christianity's possible contribution to China, Mr. Koo quite unconsciously revealed how real and precious his Christian experience had been to him and said that in the end one must mainly take the judgment of Christians on this matter of what Christianity can mean to China, for the experience of being a Christian was something non-Christians could not know. This young but great Chinese leader stated his conviction that modern science is not going to make a new people out of the Chinese. "It is contact with God which alone makes for rebirth."

PRESENT TENDENCIES Another member from China, a secretary of the National Christian Council, Rev. Henry T. Hodgkin, listed the present tendencies in the missionary movement as the recognition of faults in Western civilization, the desire to relinquish control of the church, the desire to eliminate special privileges, increasing emphasis on the constructive side and on values in non-Christian systems, and greater stress on social and international aspects.

Far from sounding a note of mere defense or explanation, Mr. Hodgkin held that the missionary movement had in the main been a factor making for better understanding and good will, and that this was never more true than today in spite of certain evidences to the contrary to which much attention has been turned. He based this contention on the fact that the missionary movement has put into many lands a multitude of men and women of good will who, whatever their faults, have rendered and, are rendering unselfish service of a very high grade and are showing by life even more than by word that racial barriers can be overcome and that there is a basis on which the deepest fellowship can be achieved between persons of varying points of vie-w. The actual work done in schools, colleges, hospitals, asylums, churches, etc., has created numerous points of mutual understanding, has broken down prejudices, and has produced men and women in the countries concerned who have the international spirit. Furthermore, the missionary has, on the whole, acted as a wholesome ('heck upon other aspects of racial contacts inspired by less worthy ideals; and, on the whole, the missionary has sought to interpret the East to the West. In fact the essential message of the Christian mis-

sionary is one of reconciliation. Where that message has gripped men it has done its own work.

A third member from China, Dr. Edward H. Hume, until recently head of "Yale-in-China," pointed out that the possible outcome of the present situation may be that Christianity may cease to be a force in the Orient, that materialism may become widespread, and that the West may lose the opportunity to cooperate with the Orient in the spiritual realm. He held that four things are fundamental in formulating a new philosophy of missions-a new interpretation of Christianity and its founder; a new understanding of the spiritual values in Oriental religions; a missionary force that will approach the Orient as humble students of religion, who will remain students all their lives, who will be unassuming, cooperative fellow workers in a spiritual task; and finally there must be messengers from the Orient bringing a religious message to the West, enlarging and enriching our conception of Christianity. Though a medical man and recent head of the University in China, Dr. Hume was convinced that the future .work of missions is likely to consist more largely in interpreting the life, message, sacrifice and spirit of the Founder of the Christian religion, rather than merely in philanthropic activities, however significant these might be. The Orient will call for effective interpreters of the religious spirit, rather than for technical skill only.

THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL VIEW The anthropological viewpoint was well represented at the Institute. Meeting out in mid-ocean with the welfare of the peoples of the Pacific particularly in mind, the Institute found the interests of the Pacific Islanders peculiarly gripping. Dr. Buck, a native Maori of New Zealand, recently called to the staff of the Research Museum in Honolulu, gave an appraisal of the work of missions among island peoples, and while he was able to point out examples of certain harmful results he did not hesitate to say that the effect of mission work has been beneficial.

Prof. T. F. Mc Ilwraith, an anthropologist of the University of Toronto, expressed the opinion that missionaries have great opportunities for protecting the aborigines and mitigating the peril of the contact of civilizations, and that on their efforts may depend the ultimate survival of many of the Pacific Islanders. Certainly the missionary enterprise has a profound influence upon peoples of relatively simple culture.

Every effort must be made, according to Prof. Mc Ilwraith, to minimize the effects of conversion upon aspects of life intimately associated with the old re1igion, but not equally associated with the new, and at the same time to provide outlets for the energies of the convert in cases where readjustment is necessary, for conversion may entail abstaining from protracted religious rites. In such cases the

MISSIONS AT THE INSTITUTE OF PACIFIC RELATIONS

convert, idle at a time when he has been accustomed to celebrations of a sacred, social or ceremonial nature, is in a state of mind in which his powers of resistance to new temptations are weakened. On the other hand, conversion may permit the performance of various acts previously forbidden. Converts, eager to adopt the customs of the missionary, may give up many useful handicrafts, as well as diversions of a harmless nature. This is to be deplored as providing lacunae in the habitual life, besides destroying valuable and artistic elements of primitive civili'zation.

An interesting illustration of the way in which unforeseen effects upon the moral life of primitive peoples may result from eradicating certain customs without first finding the function which they serve in the social structure of the community, was given in on~ of the round tables. The uncompromising suppression of head-hunting among certain Melanesian tribes led to grave consequences in the moral life of the community in which head-hunting played a very important part. Thus the possession of a head was a necessary qualification for a young man contemplating marriage. Under these circumstances the uncompromising suppression of head-hunting was practically a suppression of the marriage ceremony and the effect on the moral life of the community was disastrous. Finally a policy was evolved by the administration, by which all previously captured heads were confiscated and heads so obtained were hired out for weddings for two shillings and sixpence!

While the Institute was, strictly speaking, not a religious meeting, it was marked by intense solicitude for all of life and speaker after speaker revealed a depth of interest in human welfare. The world's food problem was seen to be a moral issue. The sentence with which chairman Wilbur closed the Institute well characterized the serious, reverent spirit in which the members from the various Pacific peoples made their common search for a better way.

"We are all parts of a stupendous whole Whose body nature is and God the souL"

WITNESS OF A BUSINESS MAN Here is the testimony of Henry G. Adams of the University of Michigan, adviser to the Chinese Republic on the standardization of Railway Accounts.

"When I went out to China I did not think much of foreign missions or foreign missionaries, but I now take off my hat to the missionaries. I have never contributed much to foreign missions but now I expect to put everything that I can spare into the foreign mission offering. The missionaries are a noble lot of men and women and are rendering a very great service to the people of China."

Without

BY REV. WILLIAM BANCROFT HILL, D.D., POUGHKEEPSIE, NEW YORK Author of "The Life of Christ," etc.

G IVE US Ohrist without Ohristianity. Weare ready to listen as you tell us about Him; we may, perhaps, be persuaded to accept Him; but, if you wish us to become His followers, do not tie Him up with Christianity." This is the demand coming from various non-Ohristian lands today. It is too strong to be ignored. Indeed, we have no wish to ignore it. If men can be won to our Lord by offering Him apart from the religion that bears His name, we rejoice to win them in that way. But we must first consider carefully whether, in an attempt to offer Ohrist without Ohristianity, we may not fail to offer Him at all, or at least, as we should.

Several causes have combined to create the demand. One is the seeming breakdown of Ohristianity in the Great War. Another is the suspicion that the Western Powers are eager to spread Ohristianity in order to gain political or commercial domination. Another is the recent wave of nationalism, felt all around the world and sweeping with special force across India and China, which causes Ohristianity to be denounced as foreign and deadening to patriotism. The Orient of today differs noticeably from the Orient of a few years ago in its readiness to recognize the charm of Jesus, the spirituality of His teachings, and the high example of His sacrificial life. But it increasingly insists, "Let us have Him without Christianity." CAN THIS BE DONE 7 Confessedly, in the nearly nineteen centuries of its existence, much has gathered around Christianity, claiming to be an essential part of it, that few can wish transported into non-Ohristian lands. There are denominational divisions-arising sometimes from circumstances, sometimes from undue emphasis on special truths, sometimes from selfishness and strife-that we ourselves deplore and feel to be a hindrance to the spread of the Gospel. There are old miscoilCeptions still lingering, ancient terms that have largely lost their original meaning, obsolete armor against heresies long vanquished, monuments to battles that were best forgotten. But these are not a part of Ohristianity, though sometimes thought to be; and the demand "Do not give them to us" deserves our heartiest endorsement.

Also, since Christianity left its Eastern birthplace it has adopted outward forms of expression that are natural and helpful to Western peoples, but strange, unattractive or even repelling to the Orient.

Our fashions of church architecture, our ecclesiastical garb (when we have one), our attitudes in worship, our sacred music, our style of 814

1927J CHRIST WITHOUT CHRISTIANITY

sermonizing, our whole Christian cult, have become in our minds so identified with Christianity that often, as a matter of course, we have insisted that they be adopted along with it. But we are more and more ceasing from that insistence. One proof of growing wisdom in mission work is the recognition that each land should have the same liberty of worshipping the Lord in forms harmonious with the national life that we claimed for ourselves when Christianity was brought to us.

Again, Christianity must not be identified with Christendom. He have to confess with shame that, despite centuries of Christian teaching, life in the so-called Christian lands is most imperfectly responsive to the influence of Christ. And this constitutes one of the greatest obstacles in foreign mission work-increasingly great today becanse we are known more intimately than ever before. Fifty years ago Roswell Dwight Hitchcock in his incisive way declared: The Judas Iscariot of Christianity is Christendom itself. At first, Christianity had no Christendom at all behind it-had only the incomparable personality. and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. There was then no Christian England, forcing opium on China; no Christian America driving Chinamen across the continent from San Francisco to New York; no sailors, Greek, Catholic or Protestant, defiling every seaport of every continent and island. If Christendom were only Christian really, how much longer would China probably be Confucian? or Japan Buddhistic? or India Brahmanic? or Turkey Mohammedan? These are painful questions; painful and humiliating.

After half a century this stern accusation of Christendom can be repeated with very little change. We have to acknowledge its justice, and can only say in reply, "These things ought not so to be. " But the sins of Christendom are not the fruits of Christianity, and we rightly refuse to have it known by them.

If "Christ without Christianity" means simply Christ without such Western hindrances to accepting Him, we can welcome the demand that is arising. Even if some of these things are dear to us, they must not be placed as stumbling-blocks in the way of our brotherH But I question if it does not mean something much more than thi!::>, and something we cannot so readily endorse. It seems to mean that the missionary should present Christ in only two ways. One way is to set forth the Christ of his own personal experience, proclaiming what the Lord has done for him and is to him, and giving no creed or confession save that which has grown out of this intimate acquaintance. The other way is to hold strictly to the gospel story, presenting Jesus as men knew Him in the beginning when there was yet no organized church, no prescribed forms of worship, no elaborate creed, nothing but the Master Himself and a little band who followed Him because they loved Him.

We all agree that personal experience of Christ is an indispensable prerequisite for missionary work, and a most effective help in

carrying it on. To offer a Christ known only by report, a Saviour whose healing touch has not been felt, a Master whose commands are not the sole law of life, a Oompanion whose presence is not a constant joy and strength, is to labor in vain. The preaching may be most eloquent, the methods of work most excellent, the zeal most commendable; but the living force that goes forth to create new life is not there. That old and obsolescent expression, "vital piety," remains the best statement of the fundamental qualification of a missionary. He must have direct, constant and close contact with the Lord in whose name he offers the Gospel. But personal experience cannot give the whole message he ought to deliver. The fullness of Ohrist is beyond the grasp of even the most spiritually-minded disciple. He may say with truthfulness, "I know whom I have believed, " yet he will hasten to add, "I know only in part. " The gospel of personal experience is not merely incomplete; it is in danger of becoming distorted and harmful. Ohristian history shows that the men who have wrought greatest injury by strange doctrines have been those. who caught only partial glimpses of the truth but were confident that they saw the whole. Testimony concerning what Ohrist is to us may be humbly presented to others and prove helpful; but the gospel we should endeavor to grasp and proclaim is what Ohrist has been and is to the whole world. The Ohrist of personal experience is only the introduction to the Christ of history.

Shall we, then, attempt to meet the demand for Christ without Christianity by offering Him as the Twelve knew Him in the days of His flesh, the Ohrist who is placed before us in the gospel record of those days 1 This does not seem to be what the demand means. Stanley Jones tells us that the Brahman desires to have Christ presented "dressed in Sadhu's garments, seated by the wayside with the crowds about Him, healing blind men who felt their way to Him, putting His hands upon the heads of poor, unclean lepers who fell at His feet, announcing the good tidings of the Kingdom to stricken folks, staggering up a lone hill with a broken heart, and dying upon a wayside cross for men, but rising triumphantly and walking on that road again"; and he says that this Ohrist of the Indian Road in his opinion differs not at all from the Christ of the Galilean Road. It seems to me that there is a real difference caused not by change in garb and environment-these are insignificant-but by emphasis of only those features that harmonize with the Indian idea of saintliness; The Ohinese mandarin would find little attraction in this picture of Jesus as a Sadhu. He· would demand that he be presented as a Great Teacher, The Master of Heavenly Learning, clothed in the robes of a scholar, journeying with eager disciples from city to city-, inviting men to learn of Him, offering the treasures of spirittihl wisdom, teaching the laws of the Kingdom of God. Both of 'these pictures can be found in the gospel story; but can either or botFi·eom-f

CHRIST' WITHOUT CHRISTIANITY

bined be pronounced a complete presentation of Jesus of Nazareth? While we are glad to have each nation discover in Him something that makes Him seem peculiarly its own, is it not dangerous to put the main emphasis upon this when we place Him before them ~ They insist properly that we recognize the greatness of their own religious masters, Confucius, Zoroaster, Gautama and the others. But does not this create a special need that we set forth the uniqueness and transcendent claims of Jesus, lest their acceptance of Him shall be little more than giving Him a place alongside of those whom they already adore?

Suppose, however, that we place before those who demand Christ without Christianity, not a partial but-so far as we can-a complete picture of Jesus as the gospel story gives it. Is that revelation of our Lord the full one which we pdze for ourselves and long to give to others? Certainly, throughout all His public ministry when He tried to reveal Himself to the Twelve, their many limitations, their dullness, apathy, misunderstanding, jealousies and selfish ambitions kept Him from making Himself known, and greatly tried Him. "Do ye not perceive, neither understand? Having eyes see ye not, and having ears hear ye not?" But what most hindered was the fact that the manner and meaning of His work of redemption could not be made clear until that work was finished on Calvary. "I have a baptism to be baptized with; and how am I straitened until it be accomplished!" After the resurrection these hindrances were largely removed,. The disciples now were eager to listen and learn; and He had a full message to give them. Now, on the walk to Emmaus, He could expound in the Scriptures the things concerning Himself; and the hearts of His two fellow travellers burned within them as they listened. How our hearts, too, would burn if that wonderful exposition could be placed before us! Now the command, "If any man will come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross and follow me," would be full of meaning. Do we ever think how meaningless it must have been before Jesus Himself had borne the cross? Many a time in the earlier days He had been forced to say, "What I do thou knowest not now, but thou shalt know hereafter." The period of the Forty Days was an important part of that promised time of clearer knowledge; for then the meaning of all the steps that led to Calvary became evident, and the seed for which hitherto there had been only hard-trodden or stony ground could find a fertile resting-place in a soil that had been furrowed by the anguish of the Crucifixion, the utter despair of the day that followed, and the overwhelming joy of Easter Sunday. The hours of communion with the Risen Christ were the final preparation for the Sermon of Pentecost.

Wonderful as is the gospel story, it is only a portion of the revelation of Christ; for in it, as the Evangelist Luke reminds us, 2

We have simply what Jesus "began both to do and to teach until the day in which He was taken up." The revelation of Himself to His followers went on when by a reincarnation He wrought among men in another body which is the Church; His disciples still saw His mighty works and heard His life-giving words. Saint Paul could assure the Corinthians, "We have the mind of Christ," and could appeal to the Ephesians, "Ye did not so learn Christ, if so be that ye heard Him and were taught in Him." Who was the Christ that Paul preached among the nations ~ Evidently He was not simply the Jesus whom Peter proclaimed at Pentecost, though I am sure that when Paul spent those fifteen days in Jerusalem with Peter, he eagerly sought every item of Peter's years with Jesus. N'or was He, as is often asserted, an unhistorical Christ, framed by the apostle out of Greek philosophy and Oriental gnosticism and his own heated imaginations.. It was the Christ who had been revealed to him in many ways-in what the Twelve had gained when they followed Jesus, in what the Apostolic Church had learned through His working in its midst, and in Paul's own union with Him by faith, a union so close that he could declare,'''I live, yet not I, but Christ liveth in me." The Christ of Paul was the Christ whom men crucified, now more fully revealed and therefore more fully known.

Much the same might be said about the Christ of the Fourth Gospel which, because it agrees so closely with Paul's presentation of the Divine Lord, is likewise declared unhistorical. I would maintain on the contrary that in the real sense of the word it is the most historical of the Four Gospels. Its writer, if he were the apostle John (as I see no good reason for doubting), had known Jesus both in the flesh and in the Spirit; had seen and heard Him on the Isle of Patmos, as well as on the Mount of Transfiguration; had watched His labors in and for the Church during decades of struggle and persecution and progress. And realizing how difficult it was to recognize in the Synoptics the Lord as he had come to know Him, the Eternal Logos, he wrote out certain chapters in the ministry of Jesus as they now appeared to him in the light of his fuller knowledge of the Master, giving the inner meaning of their events and teachings, that "ye may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that believing ye may have life in His name." The Gospel of John comes nearest to what would be a perfect Gospel, a Life of Jesus written by Himself. And those who know the ever-present Christ most intimately find it the most satisfactory of our Four Gospels.

Assuredly any presentation of Christ must not leave out what Paul and John have given us. If it does, it will fail to make the deity of Our Lord shine out as clearly as it ought, and may produce nothing more vital than religious hero-worship. But John and Paul and the Apostolic Age in which they were leaders, belong to Christianity; and their teachings are a part of Christian doctrine which,

G'HRIST WITHOUT CHRISTIANITY

the demand is, should not be presented. Shall we, then, be faithful witnesses to Ohrist, if we yield to the demand ¥ And how about the later ages, and the revelation of Ohrist in them ¥ For they must have brought a revelation, unless He is an absent and not an ever-present Lord. Down through the centuries Ohristianity, which is Ohrist incarnate, has been working and teaching, winning new peoples, overcoming new foes, crucified often but each time coming forth afresh from the tomb. Greek philosophy, Roman imperialism, Teutonic individualism, Anglo-Saxon pragmatism, the darkness of ignorance, the terrors of superstition, the insolence of atheism, the arrogance of science, the delirium of pleasure, the heartlessness of greed-Ohrist in His body, the Ohurch, has met them all; and by His dealings with them has revealed Himself increasingly to the world, most intimately to His followers. Are we so blind to His presence and works that He must say to us, as to Philip, "Have I been so long time with you, and yet hast thou not known Me?"

Truly we have come to know Him better and to understand Him more perFectly. Our thought of Him is not the same as that which our fathers cherished when they proclaimed Him to the world. Nay, put .the time shorter than that. More than one minister has said to me, "Of all the sermons I prepared before the Great War, there is not one I could preach to day." Doesn't that mean that a new vision of the world's terrible need, and of Ohrist as the only one able to supply that need, has been brought by the horrors of those years of hatred and murderT We have not discovered a new Ohrist, nor have we discovered Ohrist anew; but we have gained (if we have been willing to receive it) a further, fuller revelation of Him in this frightful experience through which Ohristianity has passed. And this Ohrist whom we have learned to know, as never before, is the Ohrist whom we should present to the non-Ohristian world, for He is the Ohrist they need as well as we.

Suppose we should give them what they demand as Ohristwithout Ohristianity-the simple figure of the Galilean with nothing further that has been granted us concerning Him and His attitude toward all our modern problems and perils. Will that be enough to preserve the childlike faith of the Bible Ohristians in Korea when now they suddenly are confronted with the newest radical criticism brought in by their Japanese conquerors ~ vVill it be enough to guide the Ohinese safely throu/-!,h their revolution not only of rulers but of education and morals and domestic and economic life~ Will it produce in India, struggling for unity and independence, much greater E'fIect than Gandhi's fruitless appeals for non-resistance and brotherly love~ Oertainly, we need far more for ourselves. We need all that Ohristianity past and present reveals of Ohrist-Ohrist in international relations and in politics, Ohrist in business and in recreations, Ohrist

in education and social life and race relations and all the problems and conditions of the twentieth century. And these same probiems and conditions are fast being forced upon non-Ohristian nations. Shall we leave our brothers to discover for themselves the mind of Christ concerning them, giving the gospel story but speaking no word of what He has taught us in the Christian centuries because, forsooth, He is to be kept separate from Ohristianity~ Must we not rather offer them our utmost comprehension of Him, the highest and best that we have gained; and for that purpose, as well as for our own salvation, must we not ever strive to recognize clearly His selfrevelation as the centuries have increasingly brought it to us?

WHAT CAN I GIVEl What can I give from Sunday to Sunday of TIME or THOUGHT, of PRAISE or PRAYER, of MONEY, of TESTIMONY, of SERiVICE?

1. Sunday-Give Time. Set the week apart, and make a specific interval each day to listen to the challenge of the hour, and to learn the will of God concerning it.

2. Monday-Give Thought. Consider the purpose of Christ for the world: the mission of the Church; the universal appeal of the Gospel; your own relation to it all: seek to realize as well as to understand the work that is being attempted.

3. Tuesday-Give Praise. Recall the story of the world-wide triumphs of the Gospel. Remember the rich blessing of the past year, and remind yourself how greatly God is gladdened by the gratitude of His people.

4. Wednesday-Give Prayer. Dig deeper channels by definite believing concentrated prayer-the inwrought prayer of a righteous man that availeth much in its working. The prayer that will reach heaven will reach every mission field.

5. Thursday-Give Money. Out {)f your riches or your poverty consecrate the special oblation. I1et it be extra to all vou have done or have hitherto proposed to do. Deny yourself. Give to the point of sacrifice. Bring your gift, not forgetting that the Lord Himself sits over against the Treasury.

6. Friday-Give Testimony. Proclaim your faith in Christ and in Missions. Tell others what the Gospel is doing on the earth. Record your assurance of the ultimate victory of the Son of Man.

7. Saturday-Give Yourself. Christ gave Himself for you and for all mankind. He asks you to give yourself to His service, to represent Him in the world.

A Medical Trip to Kateef, Arabia*

BY PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., BAHRAIN, PERSIAN GULF Author of "The Arab at Home."

T HE medical staff at Bahrain have just made a trip to Kateef, one of the loveliest spots in Arabia. Three hundred and sixty flowing springs water a narrow strip of date gardens extending along the coast for fifteen miles. The soil is good and the water flows into the gardens with no necessity for lifting it by means of donkeys.

Kateef has been the pearl of Eastern Arabia for centuries. Kateefees are Mohammedans, but of the heretical Shiah persuasion. They are not persecutors, and it is easier to gain permission to live among them than among Arabs. Once they see the benefits of modern medicine they beg for a missionary hospital. But they .will not eat nor drink with an "infidel," and it is harder to come into real contact with them than with any other class we meet in Arabia. The Arab wears dirty clothes and lives in a clean house. Arab women must be wonderful housekeepers to maintain such a standard against such odds. The Kateefees wear clean clothes but live in unspeakable houses. Such dark, dingy rooms as Kateef women live in are scarcely to be duplicated elsewhere, and the rich are little better off than the poor. Some houses will remain engraved on mif'- sionaries' memories till those missionaries get to Heaven: a small cramped interior court roofed from the sun, shut off from all air, indescribably dirty, a pool of stagnant water in the middle, a cow eating a bundle of alfalfa in one unclean corner. Off from this twilight of filth open little square holes of utter darkness. In and out of these square holes women crawl. "The trouble with you," I wid to one of my Kateefee friends, "is that here in Kateef women are so cheap." "They are not," eame the somewhat heated reply. "Far from it. We pay more for our women when we marry them than in any other section of all Arabia !" It is in such communities that the Gospel must make its way. The people living in Kateef probably number 50,000 and those in Deman perhaps 10,000. Besides, Kateef is the first stepping stone to the interior, the goal of the Arabian Mission for thirty-five years. Miss Dalenberg, one of our party, brought with her a nurse from the Beirut Training School, and together they wrestled with between twenty-five and a hundred and fifty sick and impatient and unreasonable women every day. Mrs. Harrison came with the t":"o small ~'From Th~ Christian Intelligencer and· Mission. Field., 821

boys and spent all the time she had and almost more than that much strength in visiting Arab women.

The Gospel gets a wonderful hearing under such circumstances. The visitors are met with the utmost cordiality, and the missionaries' democracy in accepting the hospitality of the people and offering theirs in return wins as many hearts as the virtues of the medicine they give out.

Half of OpT job in Arabia is getting into the country, for up till now we are stationed only along the coast looking with the eyes of faith at the wall that keeps us out. A battering ram such as we managed to mobilize this time is somewhat ponderous. Risk to health, loss of time, and expense in money are all multiplied, but the purpose of these trips is' not to furnish picnics for tired missionaries. It is to open tightly closed fanatical Moslem territory to the Gospel. Olosed territory is opened only when permanent missionary institutions can be set up and the Gospel continuously presented. F.or that purpose such a party has an effectiveness quite incomparable.

The small boys were not useless impediments. They played with the ..Arab boys and had occasionally to be spanked just as happens in the climate of Bahrain. Missionaries of four and six are the best dissolvers of unreasoning hostility that can be found. The opportunity to see intimately the infidel's family life does more to disarm prejUdice than any other thing that we can possibly bring to the Arabs. It is the women that keep us out of Inland Arabia. In the early days of Kuwait station, Mrs. Oalverley and her baby did more to keep us in that bigoted place than all the rest put together. Mrs. Harrison spent six weeks in Hassa seven years ago, before the political situation had become so complicated, and at the end of that time, the request for a missionary hospital had the endorsement of the Governor himself. The same thing happened on this trip. When we left, probably not ten votes could have been mustered in the whole community against our return as permanent residents.

The King's business requireth haste! Everything except the affairs of the Kingdom of God seems to be moving fast. We did not go on this trip in a sailboat. We went in a motor launch, and took our Hospital Ford so we might work two towns in one trip. There is now a regular launch service.between Bahrain and Kateef, and a company is being formed to connect the different towns for thirty miles up and down the coast by means of an automobile taxi service. Bin Saoud moves between Riadh and Mecca in motors covering in two days what used to require as many weeks. A fleet of perhaps a thousand autos carries pilgrims between Jiddah and Mecca. Men are beginning to agitate for modern schools in Hassa. Surely this is the time to preach the Gospel to the ·Arabs. The idols

A MEDICAL TRIP TO KATEEF, ARABIA

that sit on the thrones of their souls are changing, changing more profoundly and more rapidly than is easily realized.

There is nothing difficult to understand in this situation, for the pastor or layman who is burning himself out for Christ at home. The Arabs are bound by the same sins that bind men the world over. Pride shuts God out of their lives just as it does in America. Indeed, the sins of Arabia are coming to wear the same clothes as at home, and even to use the same vocabulary. But there is this difference-the impact of prayer sufficient to break men away from their environment and set their feet in the path of Salvation must come from ten thousand miles away. The Arabian Mission needs money. We need better missionaries even more. But neither of these is our deepest need. We need an outpouring of God's miraculous power. Nothing else will set men free in Arabia. The Arabs are interested in education at last and governments are providing it. They are interested in every Western luxury and convenience and their merchants are providing them. But what they need is Eternal Life 1 Only Christ can provide that and He only through us.

A CHINESE FATHER AND HIS SONS RECENTLY a devout Chinese Christian, eighty-four years of age, suffered extreme persecution at the hands of his two sons. They said to him, "You follow the foreign devil; we will not support you. You will then become a second devil. You go your way and we will go ours." At times they would beat him, make him carry his own water, prepare his own food, and sleep in a cold tumbled-down hut. They would steal the little grain and vegetables he had and pull up his wheat. They devised every scheme possible to prevent him from attending worship on Sundays and mid-week prayer-meetings. They hid his Bible and songbook. He patiently endured but later appealed to the village-elder for assistance but in vain. Finally he decided to bring the matter to the Chinese court and walked forty miles to see the official. Just as he entered the large city gate, he seemed', to hear a voice saying to him, "Why not travel the heavenly road to the little church on the hill-side instead of the worldly, devil's road?" He was obedient to his heavenly vision and when he came to the church, by God's appointment, the pastor with his smiling countenance was standing in the gate-way ready to meet him. After he had told his pathetic story, they both kneeled in prayer and his burden became one hundred per cent lighter. He went home rejoicing and praising God. His sons treated him differently and he urged them to study the sufferings of Jesus. A' great change took place in, their characters and they began to show a deep sympathy and love for their aged father. Before the faithful father died he had the glory of seeing his two sons received into the fellowship of the Christian Church. O. BRAsKAMP, Ichowfu, China.

the Nomad

BY REV. LEIGH F. IRISH, BEERSHEBA, PALESTINE nA S THE day differs from the night so the people who dwell in the desert lands of Palestine, Transjordania, and Arabia differ from the people of the west. The very depravity of these desert people causes one who mingles with them to feel love and compassion.

One is impressed with the peculiar barrenness of Palestine and the neighboring lands. For about eight months of the year there is little of plant life to be seen except near a well or a water hole. Beside these spots there is nothing except the monotonous brown of the fields and the silent grey rocks of the hills and valleys.

Let us make two visits to Arabs whom I have seen. The first is to the wandering people who inhabit the plateau districts of Transjordania, and the second is to the Bedouins in the rolling plains to the east, south, and west of Beersheba, Palestine.

There 'is a great difference between the Arabs near Beersheba and those who wander here and there about Madaba, Transjordania, in dress as well as in customs. At the outset let us realize that there are no really educated people among these wandering tribes. They are simple-minded people who live near to nature much as animals. Their world is small and they are proud of it. When they chance to be visited by a foreigner who has not the same view of life as they, they marvel. They listen with their mouths wide open, so to speak, to stories of civilization, but the thought of the fact that they, too, might enjoy many of these blessings does not enter their minds. They are happy to talk and marvel over the new stories till sleep overtakes them and then to forget it all. The real value of life is something they do not understand.

When the first rain of winter comes, about November fifteenth, they plough their ground and plant it. After that all there is to do for three months is to sit in their tents and talk idly till harvest time comes. Then they reap their crop of wheat or barley, and pile it in heaps on hillsides or near villages where it remains a month or two. Then they thresh it and sell what is not needed to furnish their food and seed for the coming year. Some of them care for flocks of sheep and goats and herds of camels. They never look beyond their work at all except to fulfill their duty to Mohammed and his god. Their religious knowledge is as a rule summed up in the following words, "There is no God but God and Mohammed is the apostle of God." A few may know about Abraham and Moses and one or two of the other prophets, but mostly from some Moslem tradition which in the eye of Christianity is la.rgely fa.ble.

8~4 It is early in the morning in the month of June and we have spent the night in Madaba upon a hill overlooking a rather wide plain. It is slightly after sunrise and the air is hot for the sun is already at its daily task of making things and people as hot as it can. As we leave the village and start on our way westward toward Aaman, we can see black spots in the fields near by scattered in collections of from two to eight, ten, or more. Some of these spots are long and some appear to be round or even square. After travelling by auto about a half hour we turn aside from the path into the field which is very rough from being ploughed before the winter. We pick our way along, and a crooked way too, till we rise over' a small knoll or hill, and see a little group of about a dozen black and dingy tents. Dirty, scantily-clothed children are playing about, who run to their tents when we appear, for they are afraid of the automobile. Vle .

A FARMER'S MARKET AT BEERSHEBA, PALESTINE stop our car and get out anc( s everal men approach us carrying guns and with knives of various shapes dangling from their leather belts. However we are not afraid, for they respect the foreigner and especially the American. We tell them we have come to visit them.

They at once order a place to be prepared for us in one of the tents. The dirty rugs are taken up, shaken, and replaced and we are asked to sit down upon them. Other rugs are brought and rolled up in a wad at our sides for ns to lean upon.

We must not consider for a moment the fleas and lice which are living in these TUgS and which soon get into our clothes and upon us. These things are all in the bargain and a few itches and bites have to be overlooked, for these people are doing all in their power to honor us. Neither will it do for us to complain if the fire near by is poked and new fuel of dried camel manure added, making a smothering smoke which fills the tent. They are preparing to boil camel's milk for the esteemed guests to drink.

I must tell you about the dishes. They are a sight to behold and have not been washed for some time as we speak of washing. The dried milk all around the sides of them is peeling off in scales a sixteenth of an inch thick. There are two dishes and the milk is in the larger one, for there is a large supply of it. This same dish is put on the fire, for the milk to boil. A third dish no better than the others is produced from somewhere. It is in reality a fingerbowl about one and a half inches deep, and four inches across the top. A little of the hot milk is dipped up and rinsed about in the smaller dish, then emptied and refilled to the brim with milk altogether too hot to drink. We receive cup after cup till the supply is gone. Then more is brought from a mother camel hitched near by with the little camel having his dinner. A man pushes him away and milks a quart and a half of fresh milk from her, which is served to us at once heaping up with froth. It is delicious but the thought of the dish does not sharpen our appetite. After this the usual bitter coffee is served in a little cup that holds about two swallows at a time. This is the sign of real welcome with them. Time after time it is served till you feel that you will burst. This is no time to say "No thank you," and you must drink for a long time or offend your host.

Our visit this time is not to preach the Gospel to this tribe. It is to hire from among them a guide who was one of Ibn Saud's men to take a party of our missionaries for five hundred miles southeast across the deadly desert from Aaman to a city called El J auf to preach the Gospel. Don't think that we neglected this tribe by not preaching to them. If we had done so there would have been danger that they would not have allowed our guide to go with us to EI Jauf, and there are not many men who know the desert trails. These tribes are often visited by our missionary in Madaba and thus they hear the message of life.

The result of that visit was that we were able to hire our guide and since that time three of our missionaries, a native interpreter and the guide have visited that city far within Arabia twice. The Gospel was preached and Bibles and Testaments were left.

Our second visit is to a tribe which at the time of our call was stopping to the west of Beersheba, Palestine, near the road to Gaza. I went with one of our native evangelists. We rode our bicycles due west for two and a half hours and then went to the nearest encampment we saw. We were received in all good fellowship and remained there for dinner. They served us in Arab fashion with stewed tomatoes, eggs fried in semine (a kind of oil), raw onions and the thin, paperlike whole wheat. We ate together with our host and his friends, dipping our bread into the same dishes with our fingers. The Arab is very cleanly. He will not eat without first washing his hands but it does not matter how dirty the .dish is out of which he

AMONG THE NOMAD ARABS

eats. That is never noticed. The latch string of the Arab is always out. We always receive a welcome.

We do not find these nomad farmers antagonistic to Christianity. They are pitifully ignorant even of the faith of which they profess. They listen to the Gospel most attentively and often ask questions. One blessing is that they never argue, for they don't know facts enough to do so. If you ask them why they are Moslems, you will be told, almost without fail, "My father was a Moslem and my grandfather and his fathers, therefore I am also." They live and do as they do because their forefathers did so.

We hnd it a fact that these simple-minded people are not able to grasp the meaning of Christianity after the hrst hearing nor after the second. One great reason for this is the lack of the knowledge of sin. Sin as we think of it and speak of it bears no like meaning to the Moslem. Especially these wandering farmers feel no need of salvation. They feel that they are good enough because they have not committed what they call sin. They may have killed men and robbed but that is nothing, that is no sin. The work among them is most discouraging if we look at the results. Results will come and are sure to come but it takes much time and energy. Follow-up work is necessary as very seldom we find one who can read or write. This makes printed matter useless. Lantern lecturing is a means that has a mighty place in the ministry to these people.

We left this encampment and turned our faces homeward. We visited two other tribes that day. In one place we saw two tents near the road and turned aside to stop a while. We were welcomed as usual, two men were there at first, but later two others came. Their ignorance was appalling, and we were spurred on by this fact to tell them simply but positively all we could about their souls' need. God helped us by His Spirit also. These men knew nothing about prophets Or about God's message to men except that Mohammed was God's apostle. Of Abraham and Moses they had never heard, which is unusual for a Moslem. We told them of Jesus and one man said, "Jesus, who is he1" So for some time we told and retold the story of Life to those who had never heard.

It is not the opposition which makes preaching the Gospel among the Nomad Arabs hard, nor is it the hardship physically. These sink into oblivion before the fact of the incapability of these people to grasp the meaning and importance of the simplest message we can bring to them. They do live quite near to nature, in fact too near, but in what a mist they dwell as to their comprehension of God and His relation to mankind! To those who know God and the power of the blood of Christ, let me say that prayer is most essential for without prayer we can do nothing. Let us look to our God in prayer and receive the reward that eternity alone will re. veal £orth08e who are ;faithful in this ministry.

the Assyrians of

BY MRS. J. P. COCHRAN, URUMIA, PERSIA I NA M:ohammedan land like Persia where the law prescribes that a Moslem who turns from his faith to any other is worthy of death, advertisement of those who have confessed their faith in Christ is hardly a kindness to them. ;While they may themselves proclaim their faith and still hold out to live, by lives so winsome and so helpful that their coreligionists hesitate to cut them off, or have their attempts overruled by the hand of God, yet we who live among them hesitate to relate all the hopeful and interesting stories we know about Mohammedans.

But there is a race in Persia whose members, by inheritance from forefathers for scores of generations, are permitted to live their own life and profess their own religion, under normal circumstances. These Assyrians or Chaldeans have however in the present generation been obliged to pay the price of being avowed followers of Christ and have given a signal illustration of what it means to take up one's cross and follow Him, and that for many a year.

In Urumia a population large and prosperous in pre-war days has been gradually returning from the ends of the earth whither they were driven during the war by Moslem enemies. They once had homes and churches here, pastors with a theological training, families of children being taught in village schools or the higher schools in the city. With cattle, fields, and vineyards, they were living a life of comparative prosperity under the sunny skies of their native land of Persia in 1915.

Now all this is changed. Demolished homes and churches lie in ruins with merely a wall here and there still pointing heavenward, to the source of their hope and help.

The rank and file of college-bred pastors have fallen by the way, and as yet no theological school has been able to be established, with the meager force of missionaries who also paid their quota of men to death from war conditions here.

The children who survived the years of exile under circumstances that Holt would catalogue as murder for little children, have returned, some in orphanage care at last, under the Near East Relief, some with an aunt or an uncle, some ev'en with a father or a mother. But how very, very few homes contain a father and mother and brood of their own children only.

The cattle rushed this way and that or, carried off by the enemy, were "perplexed" and are not. Only the fields remain in place, even the vineyards have been changed into useless tracts until much labor 828 and money are expended on them, whether "eaten by the palmer worm" or dug up to try and discover where the household treasures had been buried.

On returning to the shores of Lake Urumia where they disembark on their homeward way they have been heard to ask from earlier comers, "Do you ever feel safe here, any more ~ " • The horrors of the night alarms, of attacks on a village, massacre, and all the miseries through which they had passed, can not be easily erased, even by ten years of absence from the scenes and the development of other interests. However, it may be the fact that they can return to a spot where a field or vineyard or site of the old homestead can be claimed as their own and a new start made toward self support that has drawn and is still drawing the Christians home.

For the last four years only has the province been free from the reign of terror of a Koordish chief, who after the flight of the Ohristians, came down from his stronghold in the mountains to the plain of Urumia, where he repaid with interest all the evils the Mohammedans had done to the Ohristians, not on their account, but for his own pleasure and profit. During his regime the poor pulled down their houses about their ears to get the timb.ers out to sell for food to live a bit longer and were even known to save the dead bodies of their relatives for food, as long as possible, to such extremities were they reduced.

Owing to all that has transpired here it is safe to say that a strong desire for peace and tranquillity holds everyone in leash. The villages are again occupied by Christian and Moslem inhabitants. The feeling of safety on the country roads is greater, homes have begun to be rebuilt, the fields and vineyards are giving a source of livelihood to erstwhile refugees who for years lived gratefully upon a dole of food from Near East Relief, and people are beginning to visit a tailor for clothing instead of joining a line of applicants at a charity bureau.

There are beautiful and well-built vineyard houses with vinecovered walls and flower gardens, already in evidence here and there with the old time luxury of Persian food and dessert of grapes piled high on spacious trays and melons, served in halves, rosy or yellow and luscious. The crowning achievement is that the Christians who have the desire if not the opportunity for theological training are taking the Bible and going into the villages of all the Mohammedans of the plain to offer them the best there is in life, even though their own lives were so menaced and impoverished by them. They are showing how truly a Ohristian can love his enemies, do good to them that hate him and pray for them that despitefully use him and persecute him.

A system has been arranged by which a group of these evan-

gelists, going two and two, are able to reach all the villages of this tield, by tours of a month or six weeks at a time. They tind a greater openness of mind and receptiveness than ever was observed before the war, among the Moslems. How many of them may have seen Christians yield their lives rather than their faith! And it may interest them more to know what it is others are willing to die for. Indeed ."the blood of the martyrs is the seed of the church"-the new church to arise in the near future.

In the city a new church is being planned and subscribed for by these same impoverished Christians, on property already bought by them. At the present a room far too small for them, accommodating only two hundred or so, the largest room available is being used as their meeting room. The children are not permitted to remain to the preaching service after Sunday-school, so a children's church is held in a room near by.

At the Christmas service of these little ones a period was given when any child or group of children who knew a song appropriate to the occasio:n might rise and sing it. The result was songs by the eight-, ten- and twelve-year-old children of parents born and raised in Urumia, in languages including Syriac, Turkish, Armenian, Russian, English and even Arabic, showing to what points of the compass their parents had fled and how even among such conditions they had kept their religion with them.

THE ORIENT AND THE OCCIDENT Bishop Nicolai of Serbia, preaching in the Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York, spoke of Orient and Occident as twins who have become separated from and suspicious of each other.

The East represents wisdom and the West represents power. All through the years the East has been striving for more wisdom, and the West for m.()re power. What is wrong with the E'ast is that it lacks divine revelation, and the West lacks inspiration.

Therefore the wisdom of the East has sunk into a spiritual sadness, nothingness, idolatry and ignorance that require divine enlightenment. The power of the West has sunk into brutal wars, revolutions., suicides, divorce, fear, crime, troubles that cannot be settled by human power.

In the East the wisdom has been acquired without Christ, and in the West the power has been gained without Christ. Him who brings a better wisdom and a better power. Both have failed to heed Him who is wiser than the East and stronger than the West.

The East needs Christ to cleanse men's minds and to elevate their hearts. The West needs Christ to instill more brotherly love.

We need today most of all Christ's revealed wisdom to rectify and vivify the wisdom of the East, and His Divine inspiration to spiritualize the power of the West.

Christians a Vital Message?

BY THE REV. ARTHUR JUDSON BROWN, D.D., NEW YORK Author of "The Foreigu Missionary," Etc., Etc.

W HAT have we to give to non-Christian peoples that is worth the priceless consecration of life and the expenditure of large sums of money? It is easier to discern the vital tenets of Christianity when we place ourselves in imagination in the midst of populations which do not know Christ at all and therefore have an outlook upon life which is radically different from that of men who have been iniluenced by a Christian environment. When I found myself among Hindus, Buddhists and Animists, some denomina- tional beliefs that had hitherto appeared important shrank into rela- tive insignificance, while others expanded into majestic proportions.

"What then have we Christians to give to the non-Christian world?"

We must begin where Paul began in his message to the Athenians -with the CHRISTIAN CONCEPTION OF GOD. This is the organizing principle of all true religious thinking. As soon as onel enters a non- Christian land, he realrzes that absence of the knowledge of God empties human life of much that is essential to its highest meaning.

The higher classes seldom conceive of a supreme being in terms of personality. The lower classes go to the other extreme, peopling the earth and air with spirits, usually malignant and revengeful, who haunt men from the cradle to the grave. Religion is an attempt to propitiate or outwit these evil spirits. There is no realization of a supreme Power who can be loved and who has a kindly interest in men. W. Petrie Watson, in a profound psychological analysis of the Japanese, declares that" religion conceived as God, and as a final and sufficient explanation of all phenomena, is not an Asiatic notion -and that of religion, as it is held or conceived in Europe, there is little or none in Japan. Almost equally it follows that there is wide- spread superstition.' 11 .

The Chinese are not atheists, but their conception of Deity is vague and impersonal. Practically, the religion of China ranges from animism to agnosticism.

In Korea, one often sees a tree with rags fluttering from the branches. He is told that there is a devil in the tree and that it is very curious. So the superstitous native tears a strip from his gar- ment and ties it to a limb, and while the inquisitive: devil is examining the rag, the frightened Korean dodges past. When an epidemic of cholera breaks out, the natives believe that a demon rat has gotten into the body, and they make paper cats and fasten them to their doors in the vain hope that the demons may be frightened away by their feline foes.

1 "The Future of Japan," pp. 150, 152.

831

Have we any message for the man who either does not believe in a personal God, or who fancies that He is an evil spirit trying to injure him-this man who lifts piteous hands to a paper cat~ We Ohristians know that God is a person-holy, just, merciful, our beneficent Sovereign, our loving Father. Will He hear us when we cry to Him~ This is one of the profound questions of humanity. Anxious men, ca.reworn women, suffering children, illness, adversity, bereavement-the world is full of them. In Japan's proud capital I saw a woman pitifully rub a cancerous breast against a bronze statue of Buddha. In India's metropolitan city I saw a mother prostrate herself in a temple court and carefully extend her arms before her. An attendant marked the spot which the tips of her fingers reached. Rising, she stood upon it and again prostrated herself. I learned that she had travelled in that way forty miles over the dusty high· ways and under the blistering sun in the hope that she might induce the bloody goddess Kali to save her child who lay at the point of death. Anyone who can ridicule these superstitions surely does not have the. divine pity in his heart. Rather we should see infinite pathos in such scenes and interpret them, not as evidences of willful wickedness, but as the blind searchings of the heart-broken for a help which they vaguely feel to be somewhere but of whose existence they have not learned. They " ….. stretch lame hands of faith, and grope, And gather dust and chaff."

Does God care 1 Their religions give no certain answer. The heavens remain brass and the earth iron. Ohristianity alone replies: "God is love;" "cast all your anxiety upon Him because He careth for you;" "in nothing be anxious, but in everything by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known unto God;" "like as a father pitieth his children, so the Lord pitieth them that fear Him." "His father saw him a great way off." Then he must have been looking for him, anxiously gazing far down the road up which he believed his erring son would yet come. We can endure the tragedies of life, bear its burdens, be undismayed by its hardships, if we are confident that over all is God who understands even if we do not, and that " ….. we cannot drift Beyond His love and care."

Amid all the hard materialism of modern life, we need to keep our faith in this vital concept of our religion. And is not this faith worth propagating throughout the whole world at any possible cost of time and toil and money?

Closely following the fact of God is the fact of THE INCARNATION". To conceive of God as a spiritual Being is not enough, enormous as its advance is upon the non-Ohristian idea. 'Without an incarnation,

HAVE CHRISTIANS A VITA[, MESSAGE'

man feels that God is distant, vague, intangible. Living in a world of physical phenomena which he apprehends by sight and sound and touch, man would find it difficult to make real to his thinking a God who had never manifested Himself to the senses which human beings are accustomed to use. Grant for the sake of argument that there are philosophers who could be satisfied without an incarnate God. Few men are philosophers, and even they are not always consistent. Thomas has been critici:zed as if he were a surprising exception; but he spoke in the voice of our common humanity when he doubtingly said: "Except I shall see in His hands the print of the nails, and put my finger into the print of the nails, and put my hand into His side, I will not believe." Thomas wanted physical evidence of spiritual reality. The Lord knew it, and He very patiently said: "Thomas, reach hither thy finger and see my hands; and reach hither thy hand and put it into my side; and be not faithless but believing." Then it was that Thomas reverently exclaimed: "My Lord and my God!"

God manifest in the flesh, living visibly among men, sharing their burdens, clarifying their obscure ideas of the Divine, and exemplifying the life of service and self-sacrifice-that was what men needed. History tells us of the universality of that desire. Almost every race has ascribed divinity to one or more of its ancestors or contemporaries. The non-Christian religions were built around deified men. Even the matter-of-fact Chinese called their emperors the Sons of Heaven and turned Confucius into an object of worship to an extent that would vastly astonish him if he could return to earth. It is true that there are intelligent Japanese who call Shintoism a patriotic cult rather than a religion, and educated Chinese who speak of Confucianism as a code of ethics: But Japanese and Chinese who have become Christians declare that, whatever may be the theory, the masses of the people make Shintoism and Confucianism religions. Buddhist writers insist that the images of Buddha are not actually worshiped, but the superstitious peasant worships them none the less. Humanity demands a God in the form of man, and where it does not have one, it proceeds to make one.

That Gautama and Confucius were good men in character and great men in ability Christians ungrudgingly concede. But who can think of fhem in comparison with J esus ~ The difference is not one of degree but of kind. Goodness in Him became sinlessness, ability became omnipotence, character became perfection.

Historic Christianity presents a divine Christ and His "Gospel is the power of God." If we have only an ideal man to present as a perfe~t example, we have no message worth carrying to the non- Christian world. That world has its own sages who, though not claiming to be sinless, were so much loftier in character than the average man that they might serve as guides to conduct and patterns J!

of propriety. But we preach One who was and who is both "very man" and "very God" and therefore One who can not only tell weak and erring humanity what the right is but who can communicate to them the power to do the right and thus answer the deepest cravings of their souls.

" Jesus is God! If on the earth This blessed faith decays, More tender must our love become More plentiful our praise.

, 'Worth while a thousand years of life, To speak one little word, If only by our faith we own The Godhead of our Lord."

The Biblical teaching concerning MAN is another vital element in our Ohristian faith. The conception of human brotherhood in a divine sonship is at a far remove from the thought of the non-Ohristian world. There is no sense of the sacredness of human life, little sympathy for the fallen. The Japanese set -an examp~e to the governments of the West by caring for the health of their troops during the Russia-Japan War. But the motive was not the rights of the men in the ranks as human beings but their efficiency as a fighting force. The Japanese authorit;es realized that sick men cannot fight, that the indi-:-idual soldier, like his rifle, should be kept in good condition, and that victory is likely to be won by the side that brings into action the largest proportion of able-bodied men. When the battle opened, no other generals ever hurled their men forward with greater disregard of human life. To the Japanese the life of the individual counts for nothing in attaining any purpose which the State may seek.

'rhe Ohinese are notorious for their callous indifference to human suffering. 'rhere are hundreds of thousands of blind and insane in China, but no one manifested any interest in them until the Ohristian missionary came. In 1913, General Luk, Governor of the Province of Kwang-si, had his soldiers shoot fifty-three lepers, throw their bodies, some still living, into a trench, saturate them with kerosene oil and set the awful mass on fire.

Of India, P. C. Mozoomdar says: "The idea of brotherhood and equality of mankind before God is not to be found in any of our ancient writings. The idea is decidedly foreign, western, and I think I might say Ohristian." '1'he Asiatic is not naturally any more' cruel than the white man; he is simply callous to suffering, makes little fuss about it in himself and is utterly indifferent to it in others.

Jesus was the first person on this planet who ever saw a man. Others had seen man in relations, man in position, man in power. Jesus was the first to see ma,n as man irrespective of the clothes that he wore, or the position that he occupied, or the wealth that he P9s-

1927J HAVE CHRISTIANS A VITAL MESSAGE?

sessed. He said that His followers were to love their enemies and do unto others as they would that others should do unto them. "One is your Father, even God, and all ye are brethren."

This teaching concerning man struck at the root of slavery and all i:n.iustice. It elevated woman and dissolved barriers of caste. It is one of the mightiest altruistic forces in the world today. There are twenty thousand fallen women in Shanghai, the wretchedest of slaves. The divine conception of humanity led a few Christian women to open a rescue home for them. 'Vord sped through the underworld that girls who could reach the home would be welcomed and cared for, and ere long it was filled. The news reached the highest official of the city and he took his wife to see this strange thing. As they walked through the building and saw the kindly ministries to those poor outcasts and the marked change in their lives, he exclaimed to h~s wife: "No one.but a Jesus person would do this!" Was there ever a finer tribute to Christian work, ever a truer characterization of it?

In innumerable ways the followers of Jesus are exemplifying His teaching by helping the weak, feeding the hungry, healing the sick, and seeking the lost. The first hospitals in Asia and Africa were built by missionaries of the Cross; so were the first orphanages, schools for the blind and the deaf and dumb, asylums for lepers and the insane, and a variety of other philanthropic institutions and movements. It is a historic fact that humane sentiment never became strong enough to prompt men to altruistic effort on a large scale for other races until Christian teaching intensified it. Today, the thousands of mission hospitals and institutions for the defective classes all over Asia and Africa are almost wholly dependent for support upon the followers of the Great Physician.

Imperfect yet is the white man's realization of our Lord's teaching. American treatment of the Negro and of Asiatic immigrants, the growing bitterness of the struggle between labor and capital, and the elemental passions which fiercely raged in the World 'Var, sorrowfully prove that ·Western nations still have much to learn. But there is profound significance in the general conviction that such manifestations of race prejudice, class strife and ruthless militarism are radically at variance with the teachings of Jesus. Never before in all history has a war been so universally condemned as the World ·War of 1914-1918, not because it was more unjustifiable than others but because the world is beginning to see that the ambitions and jealousies and hatreds, which were the real causes of the war, were fundamentally unchristian. The horrified nrotest of enli~htpned mankind was in itself a testimony, not that Christianity had failed, but that men had failed to be Christians in fact as well as in name.

Jesus' conception of man! His outlook upon humanity! "When He saw the multitudes, He was moved with compassion for them"-

com-patio, to "suffer with one,"-"because they are distressed," or according to another rendering, "torn and bleeding." Careworn, sorrowing men and women, and the Son of Man grieving over them and entering deeply into their troubles because He loved them and yearned to help them. This spirit of sympathy with man as man, this catholic recognizition of his need, this self-forgetting desire to succour him, is one of the great messages of Christianity to the world.

The truth regarding SIN is also an element in the Christian message that cannot be ignored. This is a contribution of, large value to the world, although it may appear at first glance to be one of doubtful worth. It is certainly not a pleasant one.

The non-Christian world had no more understanding of sin than it had of smallpox. One of the hardest things that missionaries have had to do is to convey a true conception of it. No word in any non- Christian language expressed the idea of sin in the sense of moral evil, and missionaries had to do what the disciples of the first century did-take some word or phrase and fill it with a new meaning. If one were 'to tell an Asiatic audience that they were sinners, they would think that he was calling them criminals or charging them with breaking some canon of etiquette. The perfect man is believed to be one who, like the Pharisee of old, punctiliously observes the prescribed rites and ceremonies of the ethnic faiths.

Non-Christian religions have never succeeded in establishing a causal connection between religion and conduct. Some of them have theori'zed about it; but no one of them has effected it. A man may meet all the requirements of modern Buddhist opinion and yet openly violate the most elementary laws of right living. Japan is the most advanced of non-Christian nations, but Ernest W. Clement, whose reliability will not be questioned by any prudent man, writes that the social evil is "not merely not condemned but actually condoned." It is considered no moral wrong for a Japanese to visit a house of ill.fame; and visitors hand in their cards and have their names registered just as if they were attending an ordinary public functiOI.. I myself have seen Buddhist priests coming out of' brothf11" in Tokyo with no appearance of confusion when they saw themselves observed. I was told that when a new resort of vice is to be opened it is not uncommon for priests to dignify the occasion by religious ceremonies.

Other Asiatic countries are little if any better. The most ob- scene things that J saw in two journeys around the world were in the temples of China and India. Confucianism ignores sexual vice, which its adherents deem at most a venial offense. The Chinese may nave a consciousness of sin; but Dr. Arthur H. Smith declared at the Edinburgh Conference that it had taken him twenty-five years to find a Chinese who had it. Mohammedanism puts a premium on lust and cruelty. Brahmanism has no term for chastity as applied to men. The most popular god in India is the god of lust; the next

HAVE CHRISTIANS A VITAL MESSAGE'

is the god of deviltry; and the third is the god of cruelty. Untruth- fulness, gambling, and a number of other vices are hardly considered by adherents of ethenic faiths.

There is vice in America; but it is not to be found in our churches, nor is it condoned by Christian sentiment. A clergyman discovered to be immoral is instantly excommunicated. Gambling hells and brothels are not opened with religious ceremonies. Vice is known to be contrary to religion. It is banned by the law and must lurk in dark places. Christians at least know that sin is not merely external to a man, a failure to keep a ceremonial rite or custom, but that it is something internal, an evil that is always and everywhere and in all circumstances radicaIly wrong. Surely we all need a keener perception of sin, a plainer declaration from the pulpit of Christ's teaching regarding it. God forbid that we should ever gloss it over or delude ourselves with the idea that any change in sociological conditions, any intellectual culture, can eradicate the sinful nature of man. Our prayer must be that of the Psalmist: "Create in me a clean heart, 0 God, and renew a right spirit within me.'~ It is clear that another essential element of the Christian's message to the world is SAINATION. Of what avail to diagnose a disease if there is no remedy for it, to tell men that sin is ruining them, if we are not able to tell of a Saviour from it ~ Here is the characteristic of our Christian religion that vitally distinguishes it from all other re1igions. Non-Christian faiths do not reveal a way of salvation. Brahmanism and Buddhism counsel men to do the best they can for themselves by a life of austerity and self-mortification. Buddhism imagines that the chief evil of life is pain, and its supreme object is to escape it. Christianity believes that the chief evil of life is sin, and its supreme object is to save men from it. Buddhism, therefure, appeals to the feelings, while Christianity appeals to the conscience. Buddhism runs away from life; Christianity transforms it. Confucius wrote beautiful maxims about righteous conduct, but he admitted that unless a Holy One should appear, he saw no prospect that his moral precepts would ever be realized. The founders of the ethnic faiths did not themselves know what was the real trouble with humanity nor how it could be remedied.

In distinction from all these systems, the Apostle Paul defined the Gospel as power; not the power of man, but" the power of God." He used the word dunamis which has been translated in our common speech as "dynamite," and he states both its negative and positive action. "The Gospel is the power of God unto salvation,' '-the stupendous, sin-shattering power of Omnipotence, the result of whose operation is not only the destruction of evil but the accomplishment of the supreme constructive good-" salvation."

It is not easy for us who have long known of this great truth to realize its wondrous meaning. It is too vast for our limited com-

prehension. We need often to read the fifty-third chapter of Isaiah and those chapters in the New Testament which tell how this salvation was achieved, to walk in imagination along the "sorrowful way" to the uplifted Cross, and to partake of the solemn sacrament which commemorates the Lord's giving of Himself for the sins of the world. Never let us obscure the clarity of this message or imagine that there is any subst;tute for it. Salvation is the transcendent need of llUmanity. So St. Paul felt. "The Gospel which I preached," he said; "wherein ye stand," "by which ye are saved"; "the Gaspe.! of your salvation"; "hold it fast"-the Gospel "that Christ died for our sins," "that He hath been raised from the dead, lH "that He might redeem us from all iniquity.' '" This is the central, the preeminent message of Christianity to a travailing world. "He will come" is the theme of the Old Testament; and the eyes of those who heard looked forward with wistful yearning. "He has come" is the exultant announcement of the New Testament. "Behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy which shall be to all the people, for there is born to you a Saviour. '" And the men of that generation who received the message "went forth and preached everywhere'"

"the redemption that is in Christ Jesus; "5 that "He is the propitia- tion for our sins, and not for ours only but also for the whole world.' ,. This is the supreme message of the Church. "God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth on Him should not perish but have eternal life. lH This is not a theological treatise, and therefore I do not pretend that I have given a complete list of the essential elements of Christianity or an adequate treatment of anyone of them. :BJach might well have a separate volume, while a comprehensive statement would inrlude a number of other subjects which are also held in common by all evangelical communions. I have merely outlined some of the most essential truths of Christian;ty in contrast with the dark background of non-Christian life and thought. An understanding of them helps to clarify our missionary motive, affords an answer to carping criticism, and strengthens our purpose to communicate these vital truths to all men.

'I Cor. 15:1·3, 12; Eph.1:13. 'Titus 2:14. "Luke 2:11. 'Mark 16: 20. 5 Romans 3: 24. ' I John 2: 2. 7 John 3: 16.

"THE WORLD AND THE GOSPEL"

By J. H. OLDHAM It needs the whole Church to evangelize the whole world. Christianity is a missionary religion in a unique sense. It rests upon a divine sending. The mis~;onary work of the Church is a continuation of the incarnation. "As the Father hath sent me, " Christ said, "even so send I you."

Opportunities in Chile"

BY REV. c. M. SPINING Missionary of tIle Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

C HILE is like a great, overgrown boy, wlio wears his jacket with discomfort and finds that his buttons and button-holes refuse to meet. Her railway system, her postal service, her custom houses, her schools, and her national income are all inadequate for fulfilling' the purposes for which they are intended. They have not kept pace ·with the growth of the country. Chile has played in the past and is destined to play in the future a much more important part in the family of nations than is generally supposed. Two years ago, while the people of the United States were saying, "men will win the war," and "money will win the war," and "food will win the war," Ohile was saying" nitrate will win the war," and by supplying the allies with hundreds of thousands of tons of that commodity, with which to manufacture their high explosives and munitions, she enabled them to bring the war to an end much sooner than would have been possible if they had been obliged to erect plants for producing it artificially.

Ohile also ranks second among the countries of the world in the production of copper. She produces the greater part of the iodine that is consumed. She produces 70 per cent of the world's supply of borax. She has rich deposits of manganese, mountains of highgTade iron ore, and wolfram, Tungsten, gold, and silver are being taken from her mines. Oentral Ohile has a semi-tropical climate which rivals that of Oalifornia in its possibilities for the cultivation of fruits and flowers and all kinds of grains and vegetables. In the southern lake region are vast virgin forests of valuable wood, and scenery which tourists, who know, declare is unequalled by anything which they have seen in Switzerland or the most famous mountain regions and canyons of the United States; while in the south the vast herds of cattle and sheep of the big grazing companies contribute large quantities of meat, hides, and wool to help supply the world's needs.

There is a gTeat opportunity for educational work among the illiterate class, who number about 60 per cent of the population; there is a thirst for knowledge and a desire to educate their children above the level of their parents. The Government has further stimulated this desire by passing a law of compulsory education, but, un· fortunately, there has been no adequate provision made for the enforcement of this law, nor is there any prospect that adequate provision will be made for years to come. The evangelical churches have adopted the policy of establishing a school in connection with '" From All t1le World. 839

every church that is organized, to second its efforts in the evangelization and uplift of the Chilean people. There is also a great opportunity for social work of all kinds, and efforts in this direction find a ready response on the part of the people. Illustrated lectures, concerts, and literature are all effective means of reaching the people with the gospel message.

Chile has the highest rate of infant mortality of any country in the world, although possessing one of the finest climates where health should be the best and longevity the greatest. While the Chileans are a sturdy and prolific race, the population does not increase except from immigration. According to government statistics, over 65 per cent of the children born in Chile die before reaching 3 years of age, mostly from easily preventable causes. A small dispensary opened by the PresbyterianM'ission in the basement of the Central Church in Valparaiso has been supported entirely by local contributions. The place is crowded as soon as the doors are open and by instruction to the mothers and providing suitable medicine and artificial food, many little lives have been saved.

Chile needs above everything else a knowledge of the Gospel of Jesus Christ in its purity, a religion that consists in purity of heart and conduct instead of empty forms and ceremonies, a religion based upon morality instead of being divorced from morality; an intelligent faith, based on the knowledge of the truth instead of blind faith, man-made means of salvation; in a word, her greatest need is to know Christ crucified and risen as the Saviour of men, and to experience the new life that comes from faith in Him.

Chile as never before is open to receive the Gospel message. Wherever and whenever th~ Gospel is preached in its simplicity, there will be those who will listen to the message and accept it. The work is held back only by the lack of men prepared to serve as ministers of the Gospel. The Union Seminary, established recently in Santiago, has begun to supply this need. The Women's Training School for Christian Service, a joint enterprise of the Methodist and Presbyterian Missions, a long-desired and much-prayed-for project, is about to become a reality and will prepare teachers, Bible women, and trained nurses.

There are several encouraging features in the present missionary situation in Chile. The new administration is liberal and sympathetic to the work of Protestant churches. 'When a committee of Protestant pastors waited upon the President-elect, and presented him with a handsomely bound Bible, he said he knew and appreciated the work which they and their organizations were doing, and that during his administration he would endeavor to be guided by the principles of the Book which they had just given him,

WYMAS AND HER "FA'M'ILY" OF UNTAINTED CHlILDR'ENL-ALSO

THE HOUSE SURGEON.

Helping the Lepers In Srinagar, Kashmir BY LETTICE M. SHANN, RIPON, ENGLAND N EARLY a year ago0 I spent several days with the Lady Super- intendent of the Kashmir State Leper hospital. It sounds an unsavory place at which to stay, but as a matter of fact the hospital is built on the shores of a beautiful lake and the lady in question lived on the opposite side in a houseboat moored in fairyland. I shall not easily forget my first sight of the great hills, flushed with evening light, crimson chenars, golden poplars, reflected in crystal water. Such are the surroundings of this home of pain.

At first the full tragedy of the place is hidden from the casual visitor, for many of the patients look hale enough until the eye travels down to deformed and bandaged feet. Others are terrible to look upon. In spite of the shadow which lies over all but a few of the inmates, the atmosphere of the place is ama'zingly cheerful. Indeed, I was told that the little community is more like a large family than anything else, and that, though free to come and go as they please, many of the patients have been there since the hospital opened, some twenty-five years ago. There is no compulsory segregation in Kashmir and it is hoped, by making the hospital life sufficiently attractive, 841

to ease the way for legislation later and in the meantime to bring about the voluntary separation of these dangers to public health.

The hospital is a wonderful testimony to the influence of missionary work, for, though entirely a state enterprise, it was built at the instigation of the late Dr. Arthur Neve of the Church Missionary Society, who was in charge of the fine mission hospital in the city. He was honorary medical superintendent until his death and the post is now held by his brother, Dr. Ernest Neve. The educational aspect of the work is under the care of the Home Minister. There are a resident house surgeon and two dressers, all three pandits, which in Kashmir is synonymous with Brahmin. All three are "old boys" of the big mission school which stands on the banks of the Jhelum in the very heart of the city, and which boasts as its proudest possession a roll of honor of the names of boys who, while yet at school, have risked their lives in the service of others, some in the cholera epidemics which every few years ravage the country, some in perils of water in that city of lakes and waterways, others in the fires which frequently break out and rage among the wooden houses of the narrow streets. The Lady Superintendent, herself an ex-missionary, cannot speak highly e!lough of the work of these three who are showing that they carryon into later life the fine ideals of the school in which they spent their boyhood The house surgeon has given more than twelve years of devoted and faithful service, cheerfully facin$ the risks which all must run who serve the lepers.

'rhe buildings consist of long narrow blocks of single rooms, with the necessary dispensary, store-rooms, offices, etc. There are now six men's wards and six" married" wards.

In the hill villages leprosy is regarded with horror and loathin~ and the best accredited remedy is to drop the patient over a precipice into the chasm beneath-a remedy which, in the complete absence of any possibility of isolation or measures of alleviation, has more to commend it than appears at first sight, but it is perhaps not to be wondered at that lepers who have attained the security of the hospital seldom show any craving to return to their homes. 'I'he Kashmiris on the other hand do not seem to have any strong feeling- about leprosy and certainly do not regard it as a disgrace.

There were about one hundred inmates of this hospital, including at the time of my visit, six untainted wives and about twenty untainted children. Alas! at present these live with their tainted parents, and one little boy was pointed out who had only recently developed the disease. There is little hope for any of them unless they can be separated from their parents. A house should be built for the Lady Superintendent and on either side a wing for the children, boys on one side, girls on the other. It will be no easy task to induce their parents to consent to separation and as yet no pressure can be brought to bear beyC'nd that of persuasion and kindness.

HELPING THE LEPJ<JRS IN SRINAGAR, KASHMIR

When I first saw the children, they were dressed in their "visitors' clothes," brilliant red pherans (the Kashmiri "coat-frock" worn by men and women alike). At a word from their friend and teacher they came, helter skelter, and crowded round us, their little impish faces alive with affection for the known and curiosity in the unknown. Their schoolroom, when I saw it, was a level space in the open, the only equipment being some reed mats. They sang to me with more zest than tune, and showed their much-prized and newly-acquired conversance with the English tongue by running, walking, jumping or holding up fingers or feet to command. It was pretty to see their confiding ways and my hostess told me a charming incident. One day she stood, rapt in the beauty of the distant mountains, when a little hand slipped into hers. "What are you looking at, Miss SahiM" asked six-year-old. When explanation had been given, the reply was, "I knew it must be something you love very much because you looked as you look when you look at me."

The post of Lady Superintendent is a new one and the work very much what the holder chooses to make it. There seems little likelihood of time hanging heavy on hand, though the life is, of necessity, an isolated one. There is supervision of cleanliness, giving out of stores, teaching the untainted, settling disputes, enforcing discipline. The most dreaded punishment is to be condemned for a period to take food from the kitchen instead of receiving dry rations. This is not the reflection upon the kitchen which it at first appears. I was assured that the food is g'ood and well-cooked and is taken by choice by some. The grief lies in the loss of freedom of choice and the inability to save. Dry rations are given out once a week and I watched the distribution of shali, or rice, huge quantities, as it seemed to me, being weighed out by means of primitive scales with big stones as weights, and carried off by each householder ingeniously tied up in the corner of a shawl. Each can then please his fancy as to hours of meals aud flavorings, and can also save a little.

Great industrial developments hum continually in the busy brain of the Lady Superintendent. At present, though of course the lepers do their own work, the community has too little to do, and we all know the dire results of that. Soon she hopes to develop the vegetable garden, introduce weaving and hosiery for the untainted once they live at a safe distance from the tainted, and generally to see that every fit member of the family has plenty to do.

For the Father himself loveth you. John 16: 27.

No; God's heart will only rest in us as there is in us this fruitage of love that blossoms and bears fruit, and repeats itself in growing clusters and harvests and beauties. Works die and perish, but fruit lives and reproduces itself. Love, the most perfect fruitage possible, is that upon which the very heart of God can feed. May He above all gifts give us love, that we may give it back to Him.-G. Campbell Morgan.

Ribbon Women in Niue*

BY MARGARET J. BEHARELL I N NIUE (near Samoa) the women outnumber the men. When we came here, seven years ago, they were a strong and influential body and had formed a band, known as the Tapu Fifine—-{)r in English, the church women. They were generally the elderly women of the village, and were a law unto themselves. We undertook to train our students' wives in leadership so that when they became pastor's wives they would be able to lead the Tapu Fifine and not be led by them.

In Niue the great sin is immorality. The Tapu Fifine as the heads of villages and families, had it in their power to help in this cause, and as I visited them I told them of the awfulness of this sin and its results, and of their great responsibility. These dear saints smiled at my innocence. Did I not yet understand that youth would have its fling ~ "It was just Mahani Niue, or the way in Niue."

But I was out to save the girls now, so I continued to talk. First I secured permission for the younger church women to attend the Tap1t Fifine meetings. Then I studied to find out what I could introduce among these women which would not only serve as a village affair, but would bind' the women of the island together. I remembered the little white ribbon bow which I had worn when a member of the British Women's Temperance Associati{)n at home, and I asked permission from the headquarters in New Zealand to use the badge and to make my own laws. The women were very keen to take up this new work. At first I had ordered fifty badges, wondering hDW many I should have left on my hands, then just before hurricane season I Drdered another one hundred and later another three hundred badges. Now our numbers exceed six hundred members.

T{) retain the enthusiasm we held meetings in each village at which the CDmmittee of the White Ribbon, or Liponi Sea, (pronounced say-ah), were set apart for their work. The pledge in the native language is more impressive and binding than in English.

THE WHITE PLEDGE In the presence of all the Tapu Fifine I promise, (1) To love and to Serve God, (2) To live truly and to speak tTuly, (3) To protect both heart and body from all impure thoughts and immorality, (4) To abstain from all lntoxicating liqUOT, (5) To care fol' my children and to train them in the way of the White Ribbon laws, (6) To be true to the marriage vows.

After reading the pledge, each committee member, beginning with the pastor's, wife, stoDd up before the peDple of her Dwn village and sDlemnly repeated the pledge. Then I pinned a small white bow on each breast. Not mDre care could have been taken of the Victoria CrDss than these women took Df their White Bows.

The committee members had to attend all meetings at the head station. They also had to interview all new members, and decide as to their fitness to join. They had the power to discipline in their own village as follows :-The badges to be taken away for immorality, one year; stealing, six months; quarrelling, lying, swearing and laziness, three months.

·From L. M. S. Chronicle.

844

Committee also had to seek forms of usefulness in their

village, caring for the sick, old people and girls.

Last May we had a visit from Sir Charles Fergusson, Governor of New Zealand, and his wife. After the unveiling of the Honour Board in the church, Lady J<'ergusson spoke to my women. She said, "I have belonged to a similar movement, the Mothers' Union, for over twenty years. I also am a mother, just as you are. I know how very hard it is to train my children aright. It is not enough for us as mothers to feed and to clothe our children, we must also see to it that they do those things which we consider right. We mothers must therefore see to it that we do what is right and just and pure, so that our children, seeing our example, may the more willingly obey us. I will never forget you women of Niue. When I go I shall be glad to hear of your progress in this grand movement. I shall think of you and will remember you in my prayers." .

The White Ribbon Band is uniting all the women of Niue, and also is linking us up with the women of New Zealand and of the world generally. Already it is producing strength and good, and we are hoping that because of the Liponi Sea, Niue will become not only a beautiful island, bVt also one noted for purity and goodness.

Subj ugating an African Jungle· BY HARRIET LANE ROBERT CURTIS MILLER, a white, baby a year old, seated in a screen-covered meat safe, carried by four black boys, was the piece de resistance of the procession which transported the M'iller family, bag and baggage, to Kabongo, the interior station of the Congo Mission of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the heart of Africa. Nobody in that stretch of two hundred and fifty miles had ever seen a white child and he created as great a sensation among the blacks as one of them would have done had he been carried in similar fashion up Fifth Avenue.

The well-screened meat safe with double doors was made so that neither insects nor reptiles of any kind could harm the baby. No ntombo (lion) in his gilded cage in America ever excited such wonder as the little white lad awakened in the minds of the people of the Dark Continent. Again and again Mr. Miller was obliged to drive them away from the safe because their noise frightened the boy, or because there was danger of their overturning the safe.

The mi-ssionary bound for the heart of the African Congo leaves behind the "crowded ways of life" at Elizabethville and strikes out into the jungles and the grass. Two hundred and fifty of the five hundred miles from Elizabethville to Kabongo can be covered by slow train, mostly in a box car; a lap by boat comes next; then comes *Soutbwestern Christian Advocate.

845

the plung'e into the trackless jungle. Elizabethville itself it; an eight days' train trip from Capetown.

Through the dense woods, up hills and mountains, down into wide valleys, crossing rivers, sometimes on the backs of natives, sometimes over huge trees placed high over the stream; jumping off bicycles every five minutes to avoid treacherous stumps and elephant tracks, and camping tired but happy each night in some village where ihe t;ound of low appealing songs lulled the missionaries to sleep.

Adam and Eve could not have felt much more like pioneers when they left the Garden of "i'Jden to subdue the earth than the M'illers felt when they arrived at Kabongo to subrlue their bit of the jungle. The evidence before their eyes in that particular spot tended to prove that Adam and Eve had not got far with the earth's subjugation.

The two new missionaries and baby Robert took up their residence in the jungle in the interior of the Congo in almost the centre of Africa. There was practically no equipment in the school and only a hut of three rooms made of mud and bamboo poles, in which to live, and 'it was in a hopeless state of disrepair. Of furniture there was none and in the intervals of mission work the Millers set to work to supply themselves with furniture.

For a year and a half they slept upon a bed constructed of palm poles, fearfully and wonderfully made. Every time one moved in sleep, it creaked and groaned in accents weird, wild and woeful. In the place of chairs they had stools, and two wobbly steamer chairs. Mr. Guptill, the Belgian agent, supplied them with three tables and three dressers.

Then Goloma-a native carpenter-was set to work making furniture. His knowledge of this art registered zero, but he was a willing worker. ~1r. Miller measured, and described in detail every piece of wood he cut and then superintended the assembling of the pieces in the individual articles.

Besides a b2d Goloma and the missionary made a large book case, a straight back ehair, a settee, a filing eabinet, a magazine stand, a library table, a rocking' chair, a large arm chair, two benches, a small chair 'for Robert, a r~und dining room table. All of this ~as well mad€' and attractive. The bed was the most difficult piece but it cost less than ten dollars. Compare this price with the cost of beds broug-ht from America.

The floor of the mud hut in Kagongo crunched into dust under their feet; the roof let in the rain which ran down in mu~hy, muddy puddles on the dirt floor; the bamboo poles, which took the place of two-by-fours, crumbled from much boring by ants that let themselves down on thin wings into the food upon the table, unmindful of a lack of welcome.

For three years the missionaries lived in this hut, repaired somewhat to make it fairly tolerable, and then they moved into their new

1927J SUBJUGATING AN AFRICAN JUNGLE

house. Mrs. Miller drew the plans, and :.ylr. Miller superintended the building. They named it Sunrise Villa and the house cost less than a thousand dollars. The roof is thatched and follows the beautiful lines of the roofs of the native kraals. It is ingeniously built for greater stability, for defence against the burning sun, for protection from fire, from the torrential rains and from reptiles and insects. The tinted walls harmonize with the light ('0101' of the furniture and the grey polish of the palm-bearing ceiling.

The achievement of the Millers was at once an object lesson to the native of what he may by effort acquire for himself and it promises to contribute to the solution of one of the most perplexing problems of the interior stations of Africa. On no subject have more letters gone back and forth between the Bishop and the finance committee on the field and the Board in New York than on this subject of the housing of missionaries. Therefore the success of this house built from native materials creates as much delight in America as in its missionary occupants.

The station has now also a good brick church and school building and another missionary residence. The day school has charts and pictures and a blackboard. The staff at the station has grown till, counting the children, there are fourteen white faces in Kabongo.

Mrs. Miller has a Sunday-school of a hundred and fifty little black boys and girls. 'l'hanks to the advertising value of missionary papers she has had the pleasure of putting ninety dolls where none had been before. A bamboo stick with features marked on it had served as a doll before these" imported" ones sailed in on a phantom ship from a far-away land. Ninety little doll Americans represent to these little black girls the innumerable throng of real Americans who are their friends.

This glimpse of the life on the field shows the tremendous cost to the missionary of maintaining the far-flung lines of Christian miR- Rions. Certain privations are inevitable to all pioneering. This "tanza from an African Bantu poem expresses the idea: ,. Lead thou the way in the wet grass drear, Then, only then, ~'.rt thou pioneer. For Mr. First must get all the woes That Mr. Second mlly find repose."

Tho costs of pioneer work tile missionary pays freely. But it tests his consecration to see his work come short of its highest fruitfulness for lack of tools with which to work in the hospital, in the school or on the farm. It is iron i.t his soul to see his child sicken and to know that there is no doctor at hand. When the missionary pays these inevitable costs, should not the Church match his gift with money for adequate equipment?

A WEST AFRICAN

N YEKE was born near the mission station of Metet nobody knows when. Nyeke was eighteen years old when she was sold to Suku Nti for about fifty pounds of rusty iron and a few goats. She had been leading the life of the average heathen African girl of that age until she found herself bound to that big, black, burly, brutish man, who, from the first day, made her to know that she was his property and his slave.

After Metet station was established, it was not long until Nyeke ac- cepted Christ and found help and joy in Him, but it meant greater abuse from Suku Nti who could see no profit coming to him from her turning her heart around and becoming another kind of a woman, refusing to' do some of the things he had required of her. He did not want her to waste time going to meetings., and he tried to whip her into staying at home, but she continued going-with welts and gashes on the reddish-brown skin of her back and shoulders.

Nyeke has now been a model church member for several years., and her conduct, under the trying circumstances, has been a splendid example of what a woman can endure for Jesus' sake; her life witnesses to the power of God to sustain and to save. She has attended five terms of afternoon school for women, reads well and writes some.

But now, after all these years, it begins to look as if Suku Nti is thinking of becoming a Christian. No more does he beat and burn his wife, or chase her away from his village. It may be the fruit of her patient endurance is beginning to appear.

A Chinese Christian Sermon * BY MR. HStTEH MENG TS'AI, KAIFENG, ,CHINA Notes of a sermon on Naaman and the Jewish Slave Girl in Syria (2 Kings 5: 1-3), preached in Kaifeng last Jnne. The notes were sent by Dr. Wbitfield Guinness,. who states that they very inadequately represent a most helpful address. Mr. Hsueh has had a wide and influential ministry, having preached or held missions in more than three hundred mission stations in eleven of China's provinces. His ministry has been much used of God. We trust that these notes will lead many to strengthen his hands by constant intercession for his work.

W E are to consider together the story of a little slave girl, and in so doing we shall learn what the Kingdom of God is like. This little maid did not murmur against God, nor did she blame her sorrows on the Syrians. She was a captive, her home and country were ruined. Who was responsible for the wrong? Not God, not the Syrians, but her own people. "Our own sins, the sins of Israel, have brought all this calamity upon us."

Who would have expected such insight as this1 It was in the plan of God that she should be a captive, and what God willed was good. All, brethren, yielding brings rest. Life, death, calamity and prosperity are all in His power.

. T.!:te little maid obeyed God and was thankful. She encouraged her heart with the thought that though the Kingdom of Israel had suffered, the Kingdom of God had not. How natural it would have • From China:'g MiUfuns. 84S

1927J A CHINESE CHRISTIAN SERMON

been for her to say, "My country has been destroyed by Naaman, the great captain, and I am glad he is suffering in his turn. I am glad he is a leper. " The natural man would speak thus, but not so a child of the Kingdom.

Have you noticed the longing in her words ¥ "Would God I" Actually her heart longed that her enemy might be healed. Does not that show the spirit of the Kingdom of Heaven ¥ Matthew 5: 44, was unknown to her, but she knew the spirit of that wonderful command, "Love your enemies. ' , There is much talk of patriotism to-day in Ohina. What is love of country¥ Is it shown best in hot-headed deeds or in virtuous conducn The little maid loved her country, and in winning Naaman the mightiest force opposed to her people was, as it were, in her hand. Would he ever again seek to crush Israel ¥ She was carrying out the spirit of Matthew 6: 33, which is the secret of true patriotism-" Seek ye first the Kingdom of God."

"Vas it not extraordinary that the captain of the host of Syria should be ·influenced by the talk of a little slave~ He might have had her executed, or have suggested, "You want me to go to your country and be poisoned." But no, he listened to this child, though he was the chief military officer in the realm.

And how came he to trust her word ¥ Her life was straight and true. Her mistress could always depend upon her, and thus he believed her word, and went to see the King and tell his story.

Oan you picture the King's astonishment that a man in Naaman's position should pin his faith to the testimony of a child ~ What folly! But Naaman relates the story of her life, and replies, "Experience has taught me her sincerity, and I cannot but credit what she says." So permission is given, and he goes to Elisha. What power there is in a consistent life! Fellow-witnesses to the truth, why do people not believe ¥ Why are so few being won? Is it not because we are untrustworthy, because our life does not bear out our message ¥ Did this little maid possess education or power 1 She was probably only about ten years of age when she was carried captive. Sorrow had come early to her, and she had learned heavenly wisdom, but her happy face and cheering words won their way.

How came it that so young a child was characterized with such grace and wisdom ¥ I think she must have had a good mother, whose influence, both before and after her birth, moulded that developing spirit. Yes, she was brought up in the fear of God. What schools cannot accomplish, the home can. Parents, consider the matter of home training, and the maintenance of a Ohristian atmosphere. Day by day for seventeen years I have asked God to keep me mindful of the lessons learnt from the little captive maid, and today I urge you not to let them slip. It is the life that counts.

4'

® BEST METHODS ® ~…._

~_ …bGti… ….._ …….. '

By EDITH MAE BELL, WESTFIELD, NEM' YORK AN EXPERIMENT IN MISSIONARY EDUOATION IN DAY SCHOOLS A method of missionary education tion from the parents asking for the worthy of thought is that of including work was filed. Printed cards were mission study in week-day religious sent home with each child for the education schedules, such as was signature of the parent or guardian.

w{)rked with satisfactory results in None were admitted without the signa- Westfield, New York. The whole field ture. The work began before released of religious education is still ex- time was sanctioned by law. There- perimental; therefore, no one method fore, classes met after school hours as can be offered as a guarantee of ab- extension classes, held in the Methodist solute success in every community. church a few doors from the school.

Religious education in day schools Two thirds of the students in the is permitted. in many states. As the high school were enrolled in the re- experiment described is in New York ligious education classes. Almost one State, the laws of that state alone are third of the pupils of the high school kept in mind as the method is ex- are Roman Catholics and opposed the plained. movement. More than eight tenths of . Those participating in the work, the Protestant grade children at- either teacher or pupil, must comply tended.

with laws which require parents to There is, as yet, no entirely satis- sign a written request that their chil- factory course prepared for such a dren may enter the classes. These program. Teachers are working out classes may not be conducted in the curricula which, each year, more public school buildings. Periods must nearly fill the need, and it is hoped be forty-five minutes long and there that a successfully tested course may must be forty-five minutes outside soon be recommended.

study. A detailed syllabus of the Westfield classes are arranged in course must be presented to the Uni- eight groups. Beginning with earliest Yersity of New York with the name grades, lessons are built around the and qualification of the teacher and home, the play life and the school.

the time and place of meeting. These lessons are planned to correlate Teachers must have qualifications at the natural interests of the child with least equal to those of the teachers of God and His world. In all the grades, other subjects in the school. Credit religion is taught as a way of life is then given by the University of rather than as a system of dogma.

New York ona high school dipl{)ma. Beginning with the fourth grade, Since the settlement of the famous missionary education is introduced by White Plains case and subsequent de- use of stories of boys and girls of cisions regarding it, pupils may be other lands, travel books, and world released during school hours on the friendships. In high school, a course same basis that they are released on is given on the organization and for other special subjects. spread of the Church, beginning with It is necessary to have the consent the Apostles, tracing their work from of the principals of schools and that Palestine to Asia Minor, through of the local school b{)ard. In our case Europe to America and again to both were easily secured, and a peti- Africa and the Orient. The classes for 850 juniors and seniors have more definite Those guiding the study feel con- application of missionary knowledge. fident that no system of education is From time to time, pupils are asked complete which excludes religion.

to -write on some missionary project Morality and ethics are conceded to be by which Christianity can be spread. good, but if education is ever to pro- One question in the Regents' ex- duce the perfect man, it must include amination a few days ago was to name more than morals and ethics. There- ten life callings in which Christianity fore, this course has a definite pres- may be spread. The answers ranged entation of religion as such, believing from preaching to digging irrigating it will more nearly meet the need.

ditches, building bridges, agriculture, Because of scarcity of rooms in the mechanical service of various kinds, church where the classes meet, two and salesmanship in many lines of grades are put into one class. The bus:ness. The question also was asked, theme for the first class is "Good aside from those for which credit was Deeds. " The basis for the study is given, "Has the course given you a found in two books, "The Good Shepdifferent understanding of missions?" herd," and "The Good Neighbor," One boy said it had not changed his by Clara Belle Baker and Edna Dean mind. All others expressed their deep Baker. The first book covers the interest in Christian missions because need from the fourth to sixth year of the study. Excerpts from two grades, and the second is prepared for answers are of interest. the sixth to eighth grades. Stories "This course has not only increased my from various other sources are used to store of wisdom concerning the work of 'arious missionaries, but has also shown the supplement those in the books. Sundifficulties which must be overcome, the day-school papers have especially good sacrifices that must be made to live as ones of practical good deeds ·done by Christian citizens, and the most worthwhile boys and girls in our own country-in way of life. I can truly say that the course has benefited me greatly." cities, towns and communities. These stories should be chosen with the in- The other answer was: terest and understanding of the chil- "The COU1'se has given TIle all entirely dren in mind.

ilifferent outlook on missions. I had always 'rhe third and fourth grades form thougl,t of missionaries as rough, uneducated the next class. They are given Bible persons who went into the wilds of foreign stories from the Bible and from good lands and frightened the people so greatly that they immediately became converted. T Bible story books. Because the Bible eee now that missionaries have a great was not ~ritten especially for chilpurpose. I realize that most of them are dren, great care is necessary in the educated, understanding people and are try- selection, presentation, and illustraing to serve God by telling others about Him. I feel that more real good has been tion of the stories. There is danger ancomplished by missionaries than by '1nv of over-rating the understanding of the children of this age. Therefore. 0tber group of workers. Missionaries affect to be sure they get the correct idea of the political, social, and sphitual ~ide of a conntry. The greatest praise given any country is to say that it supports many the stories, the children themselves missionaries. ' , should retell them until they are This work will be extended next familiar with the narrative and also year, and we hope to report much understand the lesson intended.

greater results as the course will have Stories of boys and girls of other more mission study in every grade. lands from missionary papers and The course of study for the above books should be used especially in the project might be of interest to some, second semester. Care should be ex- so we present it as now used. It has ercised in stressing the needs of these been modified, however, and adjusted people who are different, rather than to the need and understanding of the their peculiarities. A simple proiect pupils until the books named are used may well be carried out, as sending only as a basis for the study. pictures or toys to a hospital or school

abroad. This ties the interest of the Freshmen in high school are given children to profitable expression of an outline of the entire Bible prehelpfulness to others. pared by Professor Sands Wright. In the first year, the Life of Christ is In another class, the fifth and covered. Lessons are prepared from sixth grades have stories of how we the Bible and examination given may live our very best. This is based on "Living At Our Best," by Sharp through Regents. The sophomore and Hill. The theme is clean bodies, year's study is also from the outline, clean minds and clean living. Stories and covers Hebrew Life and Times. of "Clean Up Week," of fighting The Bible stories are elucidated by disease or epidemic explained by il- use of the book by Hunting, "Hebrew lustrated lectures, and talks by doctors Life and Times." The juniors go back' or a nurse take up three of four to the New Testament. Beginning weeks. The fourth week is given to with Acts, a rapid survey of the New reviewing the children and hearing 're.stament is made with emphasis their interpretation of· how religion upon the organization and growth t)f demands best living Twice during a semester pupils write on subjects the Church, showing the spirit nerf)Schosen by themselves to show best sary to live true religion and to ways of living. Some of the subjects propagate it in the world. Seniors selected were "Harmful Tobacco, " study the spread of the Church from "Strong Drink Bad for the Body," the time of Constantine. Studies of "Good Minds through Right Diet," outstanding missionaries are made "God '.s Temple Must Be Kept Clean." and pupils are asked to report on the Instruction is given in simple lan- missionaries of their denomination. guage, and the papers are an expres- During the second semester, a study sion of knowledge of the matter of different professions is made, and presented. ways by which religion may be ap- plied to these vocations. A paper is re- The seventh and eighth grades use "Followers of the Marked Trail," by quired in which "Ten Ways We May Frayser. The book study is ac- Help Spread Religion" is discussed. companied by stories of trail blazers These papers, as a culmination of the later than in Bible times. Pupils are study, have brought out splendid asked to tell of living trail blazers and thinking and expression on the part to select some from among those whom of those who are now looking forward they know personally-those who to life service. Religion cannot be have, or may blaze trails in religious omited from their reasoning after a living. course of study all through their school years.

USING THE NEW MISSION STUDY TEXT BOOKS "A STRAIGHT WAY TOWARD TOMORROW"

Method is said to be a means to an cessfully at various Schools of Misend. The end in view, as methods are sions, and have proved helpful in offered for use of a text book, is to local societies where they have been make that book interesting to women tried. of the organizations, and also to help interpret the vital message of the No introduction to the author is hook in such a way that every Chris- necessary to those who became actian woman will continue to feel her quainted with her through her former responsibility toward others, until wo- book "A Child in the Midst." The men of all lands know and accept Christ. book for the present year, " A Straight Way Toward Tomorrow," The methods with this book are will be used by women of all desimple. They have been used suc- nominations. With your book be- fore you, begin with the first chapter

BEST METHODS

and note a few ways of presentation. uses a FLASHlight and gives the sub- Poster. These are invaluable in an- ject matter of paragraph on page 40 "Our Ideal." It is just a flash here nouncing a meeting. Use cardboard and there and not a general idea, that or plain paper. For the first chapter every child's right is a Christian have the picture of a nurse with a home. The third person represents well-eared-for child in her left arm, STAR light. Use a silver star and on the left side of the poster. An give material found under heading emaciated child of the Orient reaches "Training Home Makers." One perout to her and she beckons with the son, in costume of the country, will right hand indicating that she will represent a point of the star until lead it in the safe way. Two lines the five stars, in costume, present the slightly upward will indicate the way. five countries named. Another will At the end, to right of picture have tell how DAY light is needed and show large letters TOMORROW. The caption (pages 45-48) how books and kinder- "Conflicting Contrasts Continue. Cooperation with Christ Will Cure." garten affect the home, and how In- Place date and place of meeting be- telligent Child Care is necessary. The following topic "Modern Problow. lems" might well be called SEARCH Five destructive and five construc- light (pages 48-53.) The object les- sons (pages 53-58) might be named tive forces are discussed in the chap- MOON light-the Missionary Home, ter. Hav.e ten persons dress to and ELECTRIC light for the National represent these forces. As soon as Home. The last paragraph Light War speaks a Red Cross nurse an- for the Darkest Homes might be preswers and counteracts what has been sented as SUN light. The leader then said favorable to war. Infant Mortal- will explain that none of the lights ity should be answered by Health work successfully without the light ProgrHms, Child Labor by Protective of God's love in the hearts of all the TJegiRlation, Ignorance and Supersti- people. If they have it all homes tion by A Personal Knowledge of God. will be light regardless of the light- The leader may sum up the study in ing system. Make an appeal to the the paragraph "Save the Children." women to "Make Right Connec- Have the Geneva declaration printed tions. " A story is told of a man in large letters hanging on the wall attaching a battery to a door bell, of the meeting room during the entire pushing the button and producing a year. Ask the women to memorize it. noise. He attached the same battery to a light, pushed a button, but it did CHAPTER II. "THE STARTING POINT" not light. We are told that it takes more power to make a light than it Poster. Have a lighted Christian does to make a noise. Let us have home to the left. Two ways, one up more light in our homes. to TOMORROW and the other down with a question mark at the termi- CHAPTER III. THE BROADER OUTnal. A woman holding a lighted torch LOOK: PICTURES AND BOOKS 'starts from the home. Give date and place of meeting. Use caption "Make Poster. Use picture of several All Homes Light." The program books among which is the Bible. Armight be called "A Carnival of rang-e them at the beginning of the Light. " road which leads to the perfect to- morrow. For a caption use quota- The leader should explain that we tions from St. Paul. "Give Attention are erecting a home and have been to Reading" and "You Must Form undecided about the lighting system. the Habit of Reading." Describe use of CANDLE light. Place lighted candleon table. Use material The leader will be called the Lion pages 35-40 of the book. Show brarian and g-ive material (pa!,es 63how particularly the unpJ!'eparedness 66) ,. .streilsing." What shall they .of parents is c01)lparable to, ineffi- ehmt candle· light: .. The next person

read?" One of the group should ask sibility and Independence, (pages "Why provide literature for these 132-138). Show how this will be a backward countries?" (see page 66). true branching off from the tree. In The Librarian will call the book summing up the growth of Religious keeper who will produce a large led- Education show that the roots must ger. From this may be taken sheets also be studied and are found only arranged as posters to show our ac- in lives hid with Christ in God. count in illiteracy with the six countries, (discussed on pages 67-73). CHAPTER V.COMPANIONS OF THE Another of the group may ask WAYS: SOCIAL PROGRESS which book is most used. The Librarian calls an attendant who re- Have a small map of United States ports that the Bible is the best seller, at beginning of the Way, and picture (pages 73-77). Another asks, "Do of a traveler returning. Caption the people want iU" The Librarian "Reunite and Relate Your Disproduces from her letter file four coveries. " letters eontaining in condensed form the pleas given on pages 75-77. This meeting might be called a "Reunion. " The first two topics The group then will be invited to (pages 143-145) should be discussed remain for the Direetors' meeting by one who produces from an old which is to take place at onee. In Saddle Bag a paper giving the conimitation of such a meeting have the trast between the saddle bag and eight subjects informally discussed modern methods of travel as typical that are found on pages 77-97. Stress of the changes in social progress. particularly the need of right pic- The topic of "Narrow Interests in tures. Communities, " (pages 145 – 148), might be called a "Brief Case." Ask CHAPTER IV. THE COMPASS: RE- another to unpack a Traveling Bag, and give social conscience at work in LIGIOUS EDUCATION India, Japan, and other. countries, (pages 148-153). Another represent- Poster. At the beginning of the ing the School Bag will give" Trainroad have a compass. Well along the ing for Christian Social Service" way a tree should give shade. Use (pages 155-162). The traveler's Samfor a caption" A New Path to the ple Case will next be examined and Heart of the World." the seven topics (pages 162-187) will be discussed. The Leader sums up This program may be effectively briefly the reports of the travelers built on the tree. The leader repre- and quotes first and third stanza of sents the Forester and gives the in- Dorothy Giles' poem "The Little troduction and discussion: "What is Path." Religious Education?" (pages 101- 1(0). The Forester presents" Buds" CHAPTER VI. UNTO THE PERFECT who will g:ve subject matter (on pages 106-107), "Teaching Life as It Ought DAY: WORLD WIDE FRIENDSHIP to Be Lived." "Methods in Use" (pages 107-114) may be called "Ten- Poster. At the beginning of the der Shoots." road have picture of a ballot box or a voting machine. Use caption: The next person called is "Ferti- "Come and Vote on a safe Highway lizer" and tells about "Better Prep- for Children." aration" (pages 114-115). The "Leaves" are heard from and give The leader should give the first "Religious Education at Work," two subjects as an introduction. (pages 118-122). Training National Have an object dressed hideously. to leaders, (pages 123-129) will be represent war. Then discuss "The "Fruit," and "Blossoms" will be Cure of War." Hang wreath with Christian I.eadershin among 'Women. the word "Love" on one shoulder, (Pages 129-132). The "Branches" and another wreath with the word wiJl be tl;le Goal of National Respon- "Fr~endship". on the other; show that

war will be cured if we hang on his flower arrangement as well as mission, shoulders these two cures. ary achievement. Having read books Tell about "Women at Work on the Problem," (pages 191-196). Let by eminent Japanese statesmen, we an interested woman tell about the first method-Cooperation and an- presented their views to the class other about Education. The leader sums up the entire study by using through impersonations. .. "The ,Vay of Love and Victory." Our class soon increased in num- Throughout the study, quote fre- bers and interest. Sixty-two study quently Isaiah 35: 38, "A.nd a high- books were sold, and the average atway shall be there, and a wl1!!J, and it tendance was forty-eight. Every shall be called the way of holi- member was expected to read at least ness. … " one book between the sessions. Books bearing on special topics were recom- WHAT A MISSION LIBRARY mended for the different chapters. College-bred young women took an ACCOMPLISHED active part at each session, finding a congenial outlet and stimulation for We had had mission study classes their mental activity. Men read the before. Half a dozen of the "Old books brought home by the women ~f Guard" met on certain afternoons to the family, and began to appear at read and d~scuss a chapter. One day the class, whenever it met in the we woke up and formed a real study evenings. class with a real leader. It widened into an interdenominational class. The When the class came to a close, town librarian was distressed because nearly five hundred books, exclusive the demana for" best sellers" had a of study books, had been circulated; sudden, decided falling off, but our the attendance and enthusiasm had County Librarian knew the reason. grown with every meeting; and we She had gathered for us, from her had an intelligent understanding of own stock, from the State Lihrary, our relations to Japan, and our privifrom libraries in other towns a collec- lege of bringing Christ to the J aption of seventy-five books on Japan, anese. and we had established a mission library in connection with our study Realizing that this reading has class. A member of the class, not the stimulated and increased our interest leader, was made librarian, and was in missions, when we plan for a new responsible for the recommendation, study class, we begin months beforecirculation, and care of the books. hand to gather and look over books. Lists of desirable books may be ob- A mission study book is a conden- tained from the bibliography in the sation of a vast fund of fact and study book, from leaders of training argument. Each chapter can do no classes, from mission headquarters, m.ore than touch upon the vital points. and from librarians. Some books have But when the book is used as a ref- much information but are heavy readerence, its contents discussed with the ing; some read as easily as fiction; aid of supplementary books, the study some are fiction, some poetry. We becomes vivid. use them all. The gathering and cir- culating of a library requires time, For intelligent prayer, for effective cooperation and effort, but it is inappeal, for efficient activity, there tensely interesting. The librarian must be a foundation of knowledge. ends her task, feeling that she has We Rtudied the history of Japan, its been a privileged person, for she has neople, customs, religions, and rela- received in information, enthusiasm, tion t(} the rest of the world. We and inspiration far more than she has made posters to illustrate Japanese" given in labor. She knows that it has been worth while.

A Test On American Home

Prepared by Belle M. Brain, Schenectady, New York.

WHAT IS YOUR SCORE?

T~ HE following twenty questions may be used to test your knowledge of Home Missions. Grade yourself and your friends by the per· centage of correct replies. Twenty correct answers score 100 per cent, ten correct answers 50 per cent, and so on. The answers will be found on page 877, but do not consult them until you have tried to answer the questions yourself. You will be interested to discover your score.

1. What was the first home missionary organization in the United States?

2. What great home missionary organ5zaHon is llelebrating its 125th anniversary this year 7 3. At the close of the Revolutionary War in 1783 what comtituted the field of home missions?

4. What event of 1803 doubled the home missionary field at a stroke? 5. What is included in the home missionary field of today? 6. What great home missionary problem is found to a greater or less extent in every State in the Union? 7. What famous foreign missionary leader undertook several extended home missionary tours early in the last century, preaching the Gospel, distributing the Scripture, and" spying out the land" for Christ? 8. What debt does the United States owe to hOnie missions along educational lines? 9. What home missionary founded the First Congregational Church of Omaha, Nebraska, the mother church of some two hundred churches 7 10. What organization resolved, early in the nineteenth century, to see that every family in the United States was supplied with the Scriptures f 11. What famous president of Princeton College engaged in work for the Indians? 12. What home missionary is said to have added three stars to the American flag ~ 13. What famous missionary educator came "up from slavery"? 14. What is the latest line of home missionary effort 7 15. Approximately how many foreign.born people are there in the United States ~ 16. What college in a western state is named for a home missionary, was founded by a home missionary, and had a home missionary for its president for many years 1 ]7. What college in New York state was founded by a home missionaryT 18. How much money is annually expended for missionary work among the Indians in the United States T 19. Who inaugurated the work among the lumber iacks and gave twenty years to it in the forests of the north and west 1 20. Who is said to have been the greatest of all home missionaries T 856

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. ,QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22ND ST., NEW YORK BREAKING DOWN BARRIERS An attractive sticker for envelopes I live in a little house and letterheads is a new feature this But the door can open wide– year. Get supply early.

r live in a little house Last year for the first time a Re- treat, "Toward Power and Service," But the whole round world's outside! was printed and found very helpful, -Mary Stewart Cutting.

What an inspiration it was last year especially by local committees iatnid~ leaders-in fact, so helpful, that to be one with the whole round world used again this year. It is priced at on the World Day of Prayer for Mis- 10 cents; only two copies are needed- sions, to be voicing the same petitions one for leader and one for pianist.

in Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe, The program, "Breaking Down Islands of the seas, the arctics, and the Barriers," proceeds from Thanksgiv- tropics! Has it not, somehow, made ing through Confession and Inter- a difference all through the subse- cession to Consecration. It may be quent months that on that day the used entirely as printed, or modified incense of intercession rising from and adapted; it may be repeated at each country mingled and became as morning, afternoon, and evening.meet- one? Surely, yes! ings or divided into secti()ns with And now we approach another ob- luncheon coming in between. The servance of the World Day of Prayer price is 2 cents, $1.75 per hundred.

for Missions which, as usual, will be There is a leaflet of suggestions for on the first Friday in Lent, February the leader, several copies of which are t2h4~n19l2a8s.t As this is somewhat earlier furnished free with each order for year, we must bestir our- programs.

selves speedily. Did your community A growing number of girls' gr()UPS hold an interdenominational meeting are observing the Day, and we learn last year? Did you remember that the that increasingly men are present at observance is interracial as well as the· meetings. Be sure to use all pos- interdenominational and internation- sible publicHy-the "Call" should be al? The leaders in the different local sent widely in personal correspond- societies should be called together at ence; bulletin boards and. church an early date to start preparations in calendars should carry notIces for ample season. The supplies are ready. several weeks before the Day; there Send to denominational headquarters sh()uld be no conflicting appointments for them all. or meetings.; pastors should be re- So many suggested that the Cycle quested to make announcement from of Prayer on the Call to Prayer card the pulpit, and presidents of women's be used again this year that it was civic, literary, and religious societies decided to do this. Get quantity of at previous meetings; posters locally "Call" needed w give one to every prepared may be advantageously uti- person in your church and neighbor- lized. Above and beyond all the hood, not forgetting shut-ins. These "methods" do not you, yourself, fail cards are free from denominational to pray that guidance and inspiration headauarters. Daily use should begin may be given to all upon whom rests now leading up to February twenty- responsibility for planning and pre- fourth and many will desire w con- paring for the DliV both nati()nally tiuue US! throughout the whole year. and locally, , 857

LEGISLATIVE MATTERS diction of the Court of such enCOUf- By HELEN MERRICK SEMPLE agement as they derive from the non- Chairman, Committee on Legi~latiJve Matters, adhesion of the United States to the Council of Women for Home MissioM Court of International Justice."

Two outstanding interests in our "On the other hand, American nonfield of legislation during the past adhesion can in no wise prevent the year have been the Eighteenth Amend- formation of international jurisprument to the Constitution of the United dence which will inevitably have an States and its enforcing acts, state influence upon questions interesting and federal, and American adherence the United States. The United States to the W{)TId Court. consequently has a very great interest, as it has the right to participate in the Adherence of the United States to formation of rules which in the future the WorId Court, so far as actual will determine the relations between legislative action is concerned, has for the nations of the world." the present been transferred to other lands. The determination of this ad- The following was approved by the herence, on the basis of the rather Annual Meeting of the Council last severe reservations demanded by the January: United States Senate, awaits the com- Res:olved, That the Council of Women for pleted action of the other nations sig- Home Missions re·affirms its approval of pronatory to the W orId Court Protocol. posed adherence of the United States to the In this country, in the meantime, some Warld Court, and advises continued interest, of the opponents of American adher- cooperation and edncation to this end.

ence to the Court endeavored to inject The other outstanding item of the their attitude into the political cam- Council's. interest in legislation durpaigllB of last autumn. ing the past year was undoubtedly Prohibition, in its federal, state, and The basis. of such endeavor was international phases. plainly the expectation, or hope, that the reservations of the Senate might The main election issue of the coun- not be acceptable to all the nations try last fall was the struggle between now members of the Court; and that the "wets" and the "drys"-the the issue might thus be thrown again fundamental issue of the question of into discussion in our own Senate, obedience to the Eighteenth Amend- with a personnel whose attitude would ment to the Constitution of the United be affected by campaign pledges in- States. being somewhat successfully imical to our adherence to the Court. masked by discussion of the federal The following statement of a Euro- Volstead Act, and of legislation in pean statesman is. significant. Stephen various states designed to carry out Osusky, Czecho-Slovakian minister in the provisions of the Eighteenth Paris, who lived for years in Washing- Amendment. A part of the masking ton, says: process was submission to the voters "It is in the interest of internation- of referenda on the question of amend- al justice that the United States ment or modification of what is known should adhere to the World Court. It as the Volstead law.

must llot be forgotten that it was the The federal appropriations for en- United States that, from the beginning forcement of the prohibition law came of its existence, introduced the prin- up for early attention by Congress.

ciple of arbitration in its international Rather surprisingly, the main items relations. under that head were allowed to stand, "With the adhesion of the United providing some $13,000,000 fOf the States to the Court, the idea and prin- work of that branch of the govern- ciples of international justice would ment. Attack centered on the item of be greatly strengthened; its adhesion half a million dollars for " under would at the same time deprive those cover" w{)rk, which was eliminated.

who do not want to accept the juris- While the development of "under

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

cover" work meets with scant ap- prohibit the sale of beverages containproval from the friends of prohibition, ing any percentage of alcohol; and it is nevertheless true that, under there are eighteen other states where present rules of evidence in court pro- the maximum alcoholic content that cedure, conviction of violations of the can be legally sold is one half of one prohibition laws is most difficult with- per cent, or less. If, therefore, the out "under cover" work. Volstead Law were repealed, there would remain thirty-four states in The present tendency seems to favor which no liquor stronger than one half the selection of a form of modification of one per cent could be legally sold. which would leave to the individual states. the interpretation of the Consti- 5. The proposal to amend the V01tution on the point of what constitutes stead Law to allow the sale of light an intoxicating beverage. An import- wines and beer-beverages presumant item of interest in the prohibition ably containing 2.75 per cent of alfield during the year was the inter- cohol-carries with it two points for national agreement with Great Bri- special scrutiny. Such proposals for tain, arranged by General Lincoln C. modification are nearly all couched Andrews, administrator of the federal in terms which make the computation prohibition enforcement service. of 2.75 per cent alcoholic content by weight, rather than by volume. This In the present situation there are in effect raises the alcoholic content, certain points that stand out prom- computed by volume, to 3.50 per cent inently as guideposts in thought, dis- which was the average alcoholic concussion, and action. In the realm of tent of beer in pre-Volstead days. If politics the present emphasis on party such modification were permitted, the loyalty, tending to the submergence of whole field of beer-influence, with its moral issues, and the extremely criss- known evils, would be reopened; with crossed attitude of all political parties the additional situation that the Voltoward this subject of prohibition, stead law, as now framed, provides no make it worth while to state these system of license supervision. As a practical outcome this might mean points briefly: that beverages of 2.75 (or 3.50) per 1. The Eighteenth Amendment to cent alcoholic content could be sold without restriction in any place. (No. the Constitution remains, even if the 5 as a statement is a summary of ma- Volstead law be repealed; and obedi- terial authorized by the World League ence to the Constitution would require that succeeding enforcement legisla- Against Alcohol.) tion be immediately substituted. The following was approved by the 2. The Volstead law is of federal Annual Meeting of the Council last creation, and can not be affected by January: state referenda or state legislative action. State referenda on the sub- Resolvea, That the Council of Women £01 .iect partake of impertinence, and of Home Missions re·affirms its endorsement· of disloyalty to the federal government. federal and state legislation looking to the This would be quickly recognized as enforcement of the Eighteenth Amendment fact if a state referendum were at- to the Constitution of the United States; tempted on any other federal law and that in particular it pleads for the grounded on a constitutional provi- preservation of the Volstead Law and its sion that has been passed upon with definition of legal arcohoHe content of bevapproval by the Supreme Court. erages as one half of one percent.

3. Prohibition was the law in The need is realized for continued thirty-three states of the Union before intensive education on the subject of the Eighteenth Amendment went into alcohol and its effect; of the various effect. These state constitutions and attempts to control its manufacture and use; and on the reasonableness laws would stand. of giving the present attempt in our 4. The claim that the Volstead Law country an uninterrupted and suffi· is unnecessarily drastic overlooks the cient trial. fact that there are sixteen states which EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. McLAURIN, 419 FOURTH AVE., NEW YORK Readers of the REVIEW will be inter, progress already made in industrial training from Seoul to Fusan. Instiested in the delightfully informing survey tutions of varying size and character by Mrs. R. G. Vance, the first chairman of for boys and girls are at present our Industrial Missions Committee. Mrs. Vance has made a thorough inspection of how tbe Christian women of America can maintained by several of the Prohelp the Christian women of other lands in relation to industrial conditions. She has testant denominations, some dating studied the effects of industrial conditions back a decade or more. As to Roman on international relationships, and how best Catholic efforts I am not informed. I to make these industries apply to human found among the missionaries in the needs, to improve living conditions and to stations of whatever denomination I develop Christian life. We are llOping later visited a hearty willingness to cooperon for further reports on Mrs. Vance's investigation. ate with the Industrial Committee of IMPRESSIONS OF KOREA FROM AN the Federation of Woman's Foreign INDUSTRIAL VIEWPOINT Mission Boards, and a real apprecia- tion of its interest and wish to promote Korea stands out in my mind as a Industrial Missions. Korea, like India, land of mountains, rugged and aloof, is sympathetic with the idea of form- relieved by the wistful intimacy of ing a Christian Industrial Association green valleys sheltering the thatched to cooperate with similar organiza- huts and rude clearings of primitive tions in America.

life. The poople of Korea have a dig- The .Japanes.e Government is shownity and reserve in keeping with their ing its approval of industrial training, realizing more and' more the importmountains. I found them on closer ance for Korea, as for .Japan, of equipview simple, friendly, impressionable. ment along industrial lines. It was Most appealing is their eagerness to most gratifying to find, on visiting our learn-a thirst so urgent, so insatiable, schools in Korea, that the .Japanese as to constitute the most compelling Government had specially commended problem of our work. the handwork of the pupils, request- ing that such training be extended to How can we deny this need ~ How can we, on the other hand, satisfy all classes. and not restricted to the even in small measure this craving, poorer girls. Our schools will stand without training the Korean boy and even should other lines of Christian girl away from their native environ- work be discredited or opposed. The ment, producing in them profitless Japan Advertiser of April 5,. 1927, has an editorial bearing on this pressdiscontent and unrest? ing question of industrial education It would seem that training along in Korea, in which we find this sig- nificant statement: industrial lines is the best answer to this question. Throngh industrial "The golden age for the college gradutraining, grounded on the simple ate is entirely past and gone, a significant principles of Christian living, the turn of the situation being that, each season younger Koreans may find at least a as the colleges turn out graduates. that grim partial answer to their craving for knowledge. At the same time that their mental outlook is enlarged they question of the <'intelligent .class unem- ployment' presents itself in a more than are taught a definite means of liveli- erer appalling aspect." hood, vitally necessary in: this land of isolation and stark poverty. Girlq trained in our industrial This condition has been recognized schools are much in demand for .wives :1'or 8.Qmetjme; a~ is shown by. the ·as more compa:tlio:h~ble and .c~pable.

860 What can we continue to do for her Second, we should train them and after leav;ng school-this trained girl encourage them to use native resources whose higher ideals and broader out- so that work can be continuous and look set her apart from her environ- uninterrupted, independent of imment? How sustain her and foster her ported raw materials. further development 1 Is there no way by which we may use her very differ- Third, we should guide them in ence as a foundation stone, her dis- making practical articles which may content as "the little leaven that find a ready market among their own leaveneth the whole lump 1" people because necessary to their everyday life. In many instances Here we should, if possible, let the such articles are of artistic merit as industrial work be a further tie, con- well, suitable for sale as art goods in tinuing the bond between school and .America. former pupil. Cottage industries have possibilities of giving a social feature Korean work in brass fulfills these to the lives of women who have noth- three conditions in the highest degree, ing. Such work is needed to help and is rightly stressed in our industhem in returning to poor homes des- trial training. The brass foundry and titute of social life and encouragement boys' training school developed by toward better ideals. Such a begin- Mr. Unger at Soonchun is a splendid ning in eveJ;l one home may form a example of what may be accomplished nucleus for community work, gradu- along this line. Here native brass of ally introducing music, reading, social that superb quality characteristic of life, as well as productive industrial Korea is molded into the bowls and features into lives meager and de- utensils indispensable to Korean daily prived. To make this effective or even life. The best types of traditional possible the schools should endeavor models are followed so that the prodto keep avenues of approach open for uct is artistic and thus admirably encouragement, advice, and marketing adapted to export for sale in .America of suitable cottage-made goods. as art goods.

Tn any program for future work in .At Chunju I saw them digging the industrial training in Korea all foundations for another industrial thoughtful students of the question plant for boys. This work is to be are agreed (}n certain fundamental under the supervision of Mr. Bolling points: Reynolds. There is a possibility of making here on an extensive scale the First, we would encourage Koreans traditional chang. This chest of wood in their native arts rather than teach and brass, cunningly fitted, sturdy them to imitate foreign products. and distinctive, is the age-old desk, "Each nation has something inherited bureau, trunk, and treasure-vault of to give to the world in which its native the Korean household. One find.9 genius flowers out, and we must pre- them varying in size from a mere serve this and perfect it, and not allow trinket-box to the massive proportions these people to follow the mirage of of a great sideboard. Since they are Occidental show and glitter." characteristic and indispensable Kor- ean furniture there should be a mar- In this connection I would plead ket for them in their native land. for the encouragement of native cos- .And as they are of exceptional artistumes and customs in so far as pos- tic merit they should be marketable sible. Not for the sake of stressing in the United States as well. unduly the quaint and the picturesque, but to preserve that individu- For girls and women the industry ality which is the soul of a nation's that best parallels brass-working is life. Our aim should be to develop the weaving of mooniung cloth-unithem from within through right prin- versally used in Korea for garmentR ciples and ideals, not to make an in- and every domestic purpose. This, ferior copy of our alien mode of living. too, meets the conditions laid down

above-an industry using native humble daily fare. Nearby in a bit of a vase on the crude shelf were two gay materials, fostering a native art, field blossoms. adapted to the daily use of the natives but through the excellence of its prod- Industry, sustenance, beauty-here uct suitable for marketing in Occi- was a poignant example of these three dental countries. This coarse-fibred, great needs of the human heart.

unbleached cloth, sturdy and wear- There are, of course, many other resisting, has the general texture and lines of industrial training to be deappearance adapted to "art material" veloped in Korea as time, money and in combination with embroidery, teachers are available, such as rugapplique, or other trimmings in color. making, soap-making, improved met~­ Since the equipment required is of the ods in farming. Stress must be lald meagerest description the cloth may be on the lack of teachers trained to diwoven in the humblest home. The rect industrial work, especially teachschools teach embroidery stitches and ers capable of such work without such finer work which may also be modern machinery, according to primcarried on at home after the comple- itive methods, the only ones practical tion of the school course. For several among a primitive people. The belief years hand-embroidered articles of is expressed that persons trained in mooniung cloth made in our Korean Europe, where lack of land has forced schools have been marketed in the intensive farming, can best under- United States through the distributing stand the peculiar farming problems of Korea. agencies of our church. .The sale .of these articles forms the chlef financml Whatever special features Christian support of several mission schools in education in Korea may develop, it is Korea which educate and train num- increasingly evident that industrial bers of girls, besides providing a training must predominate-the hand means of livelihood to many widows must be trained with the head, th(' and mothers who would otherwise be dignity of labor inculcated along with the joy of independence. Tribal and destitute. family life in the Orient forbid t~e individualism of the West. ThlS It is hoped to encourage the weav- training must be so lin.ked with the ing of mooniung cloth in short lengths environment as to stimulate growth, suitable for pillowtops, towels, etc., as not disintegration. "They must move well as designs in color woven in as borders or motifs. This will enhance together or not at all. " its marketable value in the United On my way from Nagoya, Japan, to States. Fusan, Korea, I was sought out by a On an emerald and gold April young Korean student who got me through the Customs by the naive afternoon such as only Korea can declaration: "She is a missionary and show, I stopped at the door of a tiny has no cigarettes." This boy exmushroom hut of mud walls and pressed in all his ardent young perthatched roof to watch a young Korean sonality the yearning of the youth of woman weaving at her rude wooden the Orient toward America-that land frame. Casually picking up a few at the foot of the rainbow! He wrote straws from the ground and breaking me later some of his hopes and them off to the required length, she conclusions: "I believe with the reused them to start the cotton thread on ligious force our country will be civits way. Her quiet demeanor and ex- ilize and will be fine <lontry for God's pert movements were uninterrupted will. I thank very much God and for by our approach and keen interest. earnest missions of your contry." With grace hospitality she paused, Can we refnse the "hallenge7 however, to welcome us into her tiny kitchen where piled great trays of the indispensable "greens" of Korea's

fROM .MANY

LATIN AMERICA they attend to their work cOllSeien- GaDlbling in Latin America tiously they soon become more effieicnt PUERTO RilCO EVANGELICO, than others. In most commercial the union Christian paper of houses and in many plantations, it is a high recommendation when an ap- Porto Rico, discusses the active cam- plicant can give the proofs that he is paigns in Argentina and Mexico an Evangelico in good standing, and against gambling houses and lotteries, especially if he comes recommended by his pastor. The industries are Portions of the article have been honeycombed with fraud, but some translated as follows: are using Evangelical overseers, watchmen, book keepers, treasurers, "The courageous and firm Mexican pres- collectors, etc. to head off trouble and ident, the Martin Luther of the civic this way of avoiding speculation is conscience in America, noting that gambling rapidly hecoming a method. Of course is a terrible !)nemy of all classes, particu- we are not stating that all professed larly the laborers, has ordered the immediate Protestants are angels……. But we closing of the gambling houses established are speaking in general terms of the throughout the great Aztec republic. With change in personal character and reca sure eve and a firm hand he seeks to aim titude, and its testimonial value that the death blow at the octopus of the has resulted in convincing the publil) gambling houses, regarding each of them that the old Roman prejudice against as an insatiable mouth that sucks the blood Protestantism is unfounded." .md the dignity of thE) nation which he so ably governs." "The people of the Argen· Greater FreedoD1 in Costa Rica tine, having learned from bitter and abundant experience, have been persuaded that AWORKER in the Latin America gambling is one of the worst enemies "f Evangelization Campaign writes: national prosperity, a consuming cancer "Ever since the brutal attack on which threatens to destroy the edifice of Evangelical missionaries early in the great Argentine republic. First the June, things have mended. We are progressive press and then the prudent left in quiet to hold our services and legislatures have raised their voices in pro- those who want to attend are free to test, seeking the extermination of this come and go without molestation. We terrihle social plague." took no steps whatever to have the aggressors punished. but the PreRi- J. Harrison, a missionary in Argentina of the Evangelical Union of South America, writes: "With the lottery went also the hipodromos or racing centers and every person found infringing the laws is being severely dealt with."

Guatemalan Christians Trusted dent of the Republic took vigorous measures to vindicate the law and to T HE greatest argument for Evan- prevent a fanatical priesthood from gelical missions in Guatemala, dishonoring the good name of COfltll says the Rev. E'dward M. Haymaker, Rica before the world. The result D.D. is the changed life of the aver- was a stern lesson to evervone COll- age convert. He writes: cerned and a great victory for law "Far and near the Evangelicos and order. What rejoices our hearts are sought for servants, because they most of all is to see the growing COll- nrl' so much more reliable than the fidence of the people who in increa,;- othpTs-they don't get drunk, they ing numbers are attending the an' honest, they are respectful !lnd as services, none making them afraid. In 863

three recent Sunday night services mechanics and munition workers.

there have been many professions of lUany of the officers show a very a desire to accept Christ and to live friendly cooperation. Recently over the true Christian life." 1,000 men professed to accept Christ as Lord and Saviour in these meetings A Native Church in Ecuador and all have received copies of the MILAGRO is a town of 10,000 in- G08pel of St. John. The work is sup· habitants in Ecuador, near the ported by voluntary offerings. city of Guayaquil. The native pastor there and his work are thus described The Evangelical Church in Peru T by the Alliance Weekly: "He has HE fifth annual Synod of the Iglesia Eva,ngelica Peruana was a good understanding of the Scriptures, and beside preaching in the held, for the first time in the history church at Milagro, visits many sur- of these gatherings, in Lima, the cap- rounding villages on his bicycle, ital city. At the first session, in giving out tracts and selling portions 1919, four delegates attended, repre- of Scripture. He has recently re- senting three congregations. This ceived a tempting offer from an year thirty-three duly appointed dele- employer of mechanics, but his love gates officially represented twenty- for the work of the Gospel has con- seven congregations, and reports and strained him to refuse. On a recent contributions were received from Sunday morning the first baptismal forty congregations. Beside these service ever held there 'created wide official delegates, sixty-four came up interest. The four candidates for for the Bible Convention and to b<l baptism first gave their testimonies as present at the Synod. A writer in to the power of the Gospel in their South America says: "More remark- lives, and their desire to follow in able perhaps, as indicating not only the steps of their Master. During the increase in numbers, but also growth evening preaching service there were in Christian grace, is the advance in as many people outside the church as generosity revealed by the accounts inside. At the close several men in- … _.. The sessions are so conducted (mired about baptism as a result of as to encourage the native brethren the service in the morning." to manage their own affairs and find their own solutions to their problemB.

Soldiers' Gospel Mission, Chile 'I.'hey elect the officers with as much MR. AND MRS. WILLIAM M. freedom as if there were no foreign STRONG, who went to Chile a mission or missionary. " few years ago to open work among the soldiers of Arica, have now founded A Brazilian WOJnan's Outlook O the " Soldiers' Gospel Mission of NE phase of the Christian op- portunity in Latin American South America. " The work now centers in Concepcion, Chile and is ex- countries is indicated by the following erting a wide and salutory influence. statement made by a Brazilian A gospel hall and gameroom for sol- woman, who had come in contact with diers, meetings in the barracks and the work of the Young Women's in the open air, evangelistic work, and Christian Association: "The woman Bible correspondence courses are of today has faith in the greatness features of the mission. of our future and is eager to help.

. Many new doors open for service The wave of prosperity 'and dev('lop- among the various regiments-twen- ment, the advent of the working ty-eight having been reached thus far. woman, the influence of the United These are scattered 2,500 miles along States, have all changed her outlook.

the coast among infantry, cavalry, Heretofore her ideas on life were engineers, artillery, mounted police, characteristically Latin, her reading and in schools for marines, and among exclusively French. Now American-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ization, with its advantages and its organization, this Bureau has served to drawbacks, is affecting her to a large unite those churches which have been e;–ient. Indepelldenc~ is a new thing; in a position to help in a common she is interested in :1 chieving it." cause. The relief which has been af- forded in the past four years has EUROPE demonstrated to the afflicted churches An All-Europe C. E. Convention the solidarity of Protestantism. As THE European Christian Endeavor the Bureau continues to work and Union held its fifth convention devotes more and more attention to in Budapest from August 8th to constructive efforts for the complete 14th. An English observer comments: rehabilitation of the church life of "Unity, evangelistic fervor, eagerne~8 Europe, it will serve increasingly as to train the young, a growing enthusi- the rallying point of the Christian asm for Christian Endeavor, which forces of the Old World and the New, gives energetic and idealistic youth irrespective of denominational and its opportunity within the Church national differences.

and for the Church-these were keynotes of the convention. Over (;00 Gennan Church Regains Strength R delegates from over twenty nations, EV. ADOLF KELLER, D.D., Director of the Central Bureau speaking many tongues, belonging to a dozen or ,more denominations. from for Relief of the Evangelical Churches Lutheran to Friends, from Presby- of Europe and European Secretary of terian to Mennonite, with many ec- the Federal Council of the Churclit's clesiastical and political differences, of Christ in America, reports "th~ and many varieties of temperament– return of Protestantism in Germany- they realized a wonderful fellowship to a position of strength and influ- at the common meals, in the united ence. " He continues: "The churches; communion service, in the conscera- of Germany were so disrupted by the tion meeting, and even in the bnsi- political and economic consequences· ness sessions of the European CouncIl of the peace that for a time their very· and Executive. All through thc continuance was threatened. The; convention there were not only evan- economic situation in Germany is by gelistic meetings, but also in the great no means normal. There are still public meetings evangelistic addresses vast armies of unemployed, and much and appeals. These, with the welcome suffering and want. But, since the meeting and the closing consecration inauguration of the Dawes plan and meeting, deeply impressed Catholics the stabilization of the mark, there and Jews who had attended out of has been such an improvement in the curiosity, and there were some re- position of the Church as to enable it markable cases of inquiry and con- to help the churches in other lands, version." instead of receiving help itself, as has been the case hitherto. Home mis- European Churches Work Together sion and foreign agencies are taking A I~ONG all lines there is in evi- up their tasks once more; the social dence, reports a competent ob- welfare work of the churches is again server, a new spirit of cooperation moving forward." ..

between the churches of Europe. The very difficulties and trials through Riga Tabernacle Dedicated E which the churches have passed have NTHUSIASM marked the services opening the Riga Tabernacle led served to drive them together. Very splendid cooperation has been evi· by Pastor FetIer of the Russian Mis- denced in the relief work carried on sionary Society. Many people, from by the Central Bureau of Relief of the all parts of Latvia, had heenat a Evangelical Churches of Europe. An special praise and prayer-meeting on interdenominational and international the previous evening. Both the Amer- 5

iean and the British ambassadors were A New Day for North Africa present at the dedication service, and made brief addresses. There were EDUCATION and the whole imseveral police officers present and on pact of modern life and thought the platform. Before the close, the are breaking down the old fan- Chief, at the invitation of Pastor aticism and opening up new hor- Fetler, we~t into the pulpit, and, as izons to the native white races representatIve of the Government, of North Africa-both Berber and expressed his appreciation of th" Arab. The 'Methodist Episcopal work, and declared that the more Church reports a very promising work success that attended it the better it carried on in seven stations. It inwould be for the police, as their duties cludes evangelistic and church work would thereby be made l;ghter. Pas- in three languages-French, Arabic, tor I<'etler announced that of the and Kabyle. Six homes for Arab and $35,000 required to open free of debt, Kabyle boys and girls, with over two about $20,0,00 had been received. The hundred children, are maintained. evening meeting, specially evangelis- The children attend the French govtic and for Russians, was also well ernment schools and receive religious attended. instruction and moral training in the homes. There are also an agricultural Al'lUOA and industrial school; a students' hostel, where Arab and Kabyle young 'Bome's In:lh;'enee in Abyssinia men following courses in government high schools can board and lodge and THE arrival of the Duke of Abruzzi be under the moral influence of the at Addis Abeba, the capital of missionary; a Bible institute for the Abyssinia, with valuable presents for training of native teachers, colporthe regent, the queen, and the royal teurs, evangelists, and pastors. Eightfamily, was reported in the New York een young Arabs and Kabyles are Times late in the summer. The Duke working in the mission as evangelists was accompanied by "an important and religious teachers. There arc official of the Vatican, traveling in- also five native Bible women. cognito as the Abbe Brucardi, " whose mission was said to be to establish a "Pilgrim's Progress" in the Congo modus vivendi between the Coptic Church of Abyssinia and the Vatican. REV. c. E. PUGH, who has been The Converted Catholic quotes from at work in the Congo for eighteen the article as follows: " Since the years, has translated ,. Pilgrim's fourth century, except for eight years Progress" into the Lokele language, in the seventeenth century, when the and now sees young people reading it authority of Rome was acknowledged, in a village where in 1910 cannibalism successive Abyssinian bishops have was practiced. He writes ,of a teacherbeen appointed by the head of the Cop- evangelist who was offered bv a tic Church in Egypt, and in the old Roman priest much larger pay if he days wars were fought to sustain his would become a Catholic: ·authority. Recently Roman ecclesiastics have deemed the time ripe to He opened his precious book and turned make an attempt to win back the the pages over rapidly until he had before Church in Abyssinia. The Regent Ras him the picture of Flatterer with his net. Tafari has great respect for both the He held that up to the priest, and he said: Quirinal and the Vatican, and is said , 'Now I hear what you say, I know what to be ready to enter the fold of Rome your name is; your name is Flatterer." just as soon as a sufficient number of Then in the nstive speech he added, "It is parishes acknowledge the Pope, so no use to set a hunting net in the forest as to make objections from Cairo of when the chimpanzee is looking on." no great importance." Mr. Pugh continues: "The great need of the people who live in equa- torial Africa is a larger literature, a

NEWS, FROM MANY LANDS

literature adapted to their own par- came into her eyes. She looked at tieular needs . . . . . . Our people have a me with fear and wonder, and later very pithy saying. It is this: . The on when all the children were in bed, Goel of the Catholics has no books.' she came to me and said, 'Have they Protestantism has always stood for forgotten my sin 7 Is it a sign of two things, the open mind, and the God's forgiveness 1 I have not much open Book." wisdom, I am not very old, but if God has called me to this holy work in His Children in the Cameroun Church Church, then here I am, 0 Lord,' and AWORKER in the Cameroun Mis- she rose and stretched forth her hands sion, West Africa, writes of one as if she saw Him before her. She notable advance made during the year said in parting, 'It is a day of joy for which, though not originating in the me, but more joy for you and for Our village sehools, will most certainly re- Chief.' Just to look at Chungu with act with power upon them. Almost all her quiet, serene face and gentle way the stations have instituted children's with the girls is gloriously worth bika,na!a–communions. These for while. "

the grown folks connote, of course, the breaking of bread at the Lord's THE NEAR EAST Table; but for the children they take The Turkish Woman'. Religion A on more of, the aspect of Children's CCOR,DING to John B. Ascham, writing in World Neighbors, the Day. Together with this innovation in our evangelistic work among chil- new women of Turkey do not attend dren-most of them naturally being the rel~gious services of the mosques.

the village school children-has They no longer are attracted by the been instituted the" Children's RIoll." old religious life of Islam. Once they These two features are really com- could attend the public prayers se- ponent parts of one endeavor to creted behind screens. Many mosques make the children realize that they did not have these screened places for have an important place in the the women. They said their prayers great life of the church. Thou- at home. Women now, if they wish, sands gathered at the various stations can go to the mosques. "I have seen during the days of the week set aside them in St. Sophia separated from the for them and rejoiced in the daily men by a single cord to indicate their meetings and the Sunday services place. I have not seen women wor- held especially for them. The words shiping in any of the mosques which of one little tot are significant: "We I have visited in Anatolia. But the are being treated as real persons new woman, like her husband, will now!" have little to do with the mosque. It is associated with the tyranny of the An African Woman Made a Deacon old soc·al order. Religion has little CHUNGU is a woman of whom one significance to the leaders of modern of the missionaries of the London Turkey. "

Missionary Society at Mbereshi, Cen- tral Africa, writes: "Chungu is back Sta:tr of Beirut University O with us as our cook and house capitao NE way in which international and interracial sympathies are and general stand-by. She has won back the respect of the whole village. promoted by this famous institution She really has triumphed gloriously. is indicated by the following state- And the crowning joy of the year for ment made by Bayard Dodge, Presi- her and for me came this very week dent of the University: "Members. of at our New Year's church meeting; the faculty and staff are chosen be- Chungu was unanimously elected a cause of personal qualifications, re- deacon of the church. I watched her gardless of race or sect. Last year we when her name was proposed, tears had members of fourteen races on

our teaching and administrative force. come today are much the same as Out of a total of 172, only 53 of these they were years ago, in spite of the were American. The same teaching fact that war conditions and the miand administrative force represented grations made necessary the moving nine religious sects; 102 were Protes- of the college. "Smaller than Robert tants and the others were Moslems, Bahais, Druses, Jews, Catholics, Or- College or the American University of thodox, etc. The Protestants in turn Beirut, and much less famous," says represented most of the leading de- The Congregationalist, "this little nominations of Protestantism." college is nevertheless of the same noble sort and makes its steady con~ tribution to the manhood and woman~ Palestine, a Jewish HODu,land hood of the Near East."

AT THE World Zionist Congress, Moslem and Jew Study the Bible held in Switzerland during the past summer, which celebrated the THE American School for Boys in thirtieth anniversary of the founding Baghdad is one of the outstanding of the movement, encouraging reports activities of the United Mission in were given of the progress made in Mesopotamia. Rev. Calvin K. Staudt, the restoration of Palestine as a home- its principal, reports these two unland for the Jews. Since the Balfour usual cases in connection with the Declaration, which was agreed to by school; "The brother of a Moslem the French and Italian Governments, boy called the other day to find out large areas have been put under culti- how his brother was getting along, vation by homesteaders. IJocal cement plants and other factories are supply- especially in his study of the Bible. To my surprise, he told us that he ing much of the material used in the wants his brother to study the Bible construction of the new and modern much and that he would be pleased cities around Jerusalem. Extensive if we would ask his brother to recite orange groves have been cultivated often so that he would have more of and increased by the installation of an incentive to study his Bible. One irrigation systems. Poultry raising of our teachers is giving private lesand dairy farming have been successfully carried on in sections that were sons to a Jewish boy after school, in formerly useless and not under culti- his home. The father has requested vation. Schools have been established, this teacher to devote fifteen minutes each day out of the lesson period to both Jewish and Arab, and Great the study of the life and teachings of Britain contributes twenty per cent Jesus. The father knows that his son of the cost of the Jewish schools and is morally weak and, having himself so far the entire expense of the Arab been educated in a mission school and schools. in the University of Beirut, he feels that not.hing can straighten out his New ADatolia College son better and make a man of him PRESIDEN'll WHITE of the trans- than such teaching." planted and thriving Anatolia College, now of Salonica, writes en- INDIA AND SIAM thusiastically of what he found on Hindus Desire Clean Hearts his new campus as he completed, this summer, his seventh trip to the Near AT A farewell meeting held for East in thirty-seven years. The col~ Rev. and Mrs. William McCance, lege had, last year, 173 students from of the American Board's Marathi Mis- Albania, Armenia, Greece, and other sion in India, as they left Satara for Near Eastern lands. More than 2,500 their furlough, they were presented with fragrant garlands and affection~ have been enrolled during the forty ate speeches were made. This is in years of the life of the institution. accordance with Indian custom, but The places from which the students what made the occasion noteworthy

NEWS FROM MANY' LANDS

was a speech by a young Hindu OT and further proof of why India needs the shoemakers' caste, who asked Christ. He says: "Although wicked- leave to present garlands on behalf of ness does abound, yet America is a the shoemakers. He said: ' ,Your Christian land and Christian senti- group is far ahead of ours. You ment prevails. As soon as it was Christians outdistance us both eco- known that there were flood sufferers, nomically and intellectually. In both help was rushed to them immediately.

respects you are much beyond us. But The whole country from the Atlantic more than this, your hearts are clean. to the Pacific was stirred to help.

We look longingly at you and wish Nobody said, 'They are not my caste, that we, too, weye well educated, liv- why should I worry about them?' If ing in more respectable homes, but the Ganges River had flooded all its most of all we wish that our hearts lOW-lying plains and washed away were clean!" And Mr. McCance an- thousands of its villages, would the swered, " And when will you and your whole of India rush to help them 7 fellows come to follow the Guru Jesus The probability is that the whole of Christ, who can give you clean India would not give five minutes to hearts 1" The man sadly shook his thinking about the sufferers. Most of head and said, "When we break our the people would never know about it, fetters, sahib." for they cannot read. If it was a great Slavery Contract in RaJvutanB enough calamity the Christian Gov- H B. SARDA, in an article quoted ernment out here no doubt would do • by the Antislavery Reporter, something, but as to the people on describes the slavery of the Darogha the whole it would never occur to caste in Rajputana states. Mr. Sarda them that they had any duty in the says that, in exchange for food, matter."

clothes and marriage dowry from the Preparing for Blindness master, the Daroghas bind themselves to render any service that he may T HE school for the blind carried demand and not to leave his service. on in Bombay by American Con- Their children are similarly liable to gregationalist missionaries is a helprender service to the masters. The ful institution of long standing. The daughters of Daroghas are given annual report of the Marathi Mission away in dowry in the marriage of says of one pupil: "Gulabi was one the master's daughters. The master of the sweetest, happiest little orphans can also dispose of the surplus Da- in the Methodist girls' school at Talroghas under him, but retains the egaon. One day it was noticed that right to requisition their services she seemed to be having trouble in whenever necessary and to give away reading; her eyesight was failing. She their daughters in dowry. A Darogha was sent to the Presbyterian hospital can buy his freedom by paying back to at J'[iraj and everything possible was the master all the expenses incurred done, but she came back with the veron his behalf by the former. A dict, 'No hope. Blindness ahead.' Darogha naturally has no scope to I wonder how we would meet that verearn money and the master sees to it dict, if it came to us? Gulabi wasted that he gets none. He therefore re- no eyesight on tears, but said at once, mains a slave all his life and trans- with a cheery smile, 'Well, I just mits his slavery to his children. can't stop stUdying. I'd better. go to the Blind School now and begin to A Great Lack in HinduisIn learn while I can still see; then by REV. JOHN E. NORTON uses the and by perhaps. I can be a blind Bible response of the American people woman' …… Her cheery smile, sweet to the Mississippi flood disaster as voice and loving helpful spirit are a an illustration of the difference be- spot of sunshine in an already cheer- tween Hinduism and .Christianity, ful place."

Union Cha.pel in Ceylon in other callings. One important alleviation in this difficult situation A SERVICE that is unique in is that many mission schools can pay missionary history in Ceylon took their teachers the salaries of those place at the Training Colony, Pera- who add preaching to their teaching deni:!a, when the new chapel was duties. Some of the most forceful dedicated. This is the first Christian preachers are in the employ of place of worship to be built in Sin- schools, or are in medical or legal halese style. The architecture is all practice and III government offices.- Kandyan. Baptist, Presbyterian, Missions. Wesleyan and Church of England clergymen took part in the dedication Karens Must Share the Gospel service, which is described as having been conducted by the congregation, ATHIRD-GENERATION Karen at the invitation of the Colony Coun· Christian writes in Missions of cil. H. 1. Charter writes of it: "This his people: "The Karens are essenis the first service of such a nature tially missionary. They are instincever held in Ceylon, because the tively hospitable and generous. Many Colony is the only case of united work American friends have said that they in the training of teachers imd evan· are sure they will never starve if they gelists ever attempted in the Island. are anywhere near a Karen habita- It will be more than a happy memory. tion. The Karen Ohristian is there- It augurs well for future united wor- tore never happy to keep the Gospel ship, and united work for the exten- of Christ to himself. He must share sion of the kingdom of our common it with someone. But do not think Lord. " that Karens are perfect specimens of humanity. One of their crying weak- Burmese Preaching LaYlllen nesses is sloth, but their redeeming quality is standing by their guns at FEW churches in Burma can as any cost. It is therefore very im- yet offer a pastor one third of the portant that the Karen youth should salary a college graduate receives for be taught early to foster strong misother employment. A more significant sionary ideals. The boys and girls in fact is that the larger part of mission the American Baptist Mission Karen workers who have had college advan- schools grow up in an atmosphere tages have not completed degree charged with evangelistic fervor." courses, though not a few have had the college advantages and have sim· New Sramese Christian Colony ply failed to pass the final university examinations. The number of workers ACiIINESE Christian of the second in the Christian churches in Burma generation, graduate of two who have had two years of college American schools, has gone back to training mounts up into the hundreds. Siam, determined that his business The preaching teacher, the preachil!g career shall not interfere with his physician, the preaching judge and Christian service. Mrs. Charles E. the preaching lawyer are outgrowths Eckels of Sritamarat, Siam, writes of the peculiar situation which exists that this young man's father helped in Burma. The mission theological to found a Christian colony in the schools engaged in preparing young Federated Malay States about twenty people' for religious positions have years ago. The Government encourhad few applications from students aged the settlers to plant rubber who have completed even one half of trees by giving them a few cents for the severe university courses of study. each tree planted. Ten or fifteen acres The Christian churches, though nu- of land were allotted each family. merous, have not been able to provide Recent high prices of rubber have the support for their pastors which given each family a good income, and even high·school graduates can obtain there is a very strong and prosperous

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS &71

Christian community, with ten lower gram was sent to him asking him to schools, a church and a high school. stop the robbery. That night our This young man has now started a hearts were hung up, but we saved' similar Christian settlement in Siam everything. Praise filled our hearts. near Singora. The Siam Government …… Our country Christians have has given the group all the land they suffered great things and also the want to develop, and they are also city ones, but they are all living as starting rubber plantations. "Most bravely and lovingly as they know of his people are young men from how from the teachings of Jesus. It the first settlement, I think," writes will not be easy to pay our pastor's Mrs. Eckels. "It is very like the little salary, but we are not afraid. Has leaven hidden in the meal. All over not God protected us, and should our this country Christian influence is at hearts have known any peace without work, silently permeating the whole the religion of Christ ~ We must', population. " therefore, make sacrifices for our church. Please rest your heart about OHINA AND TIBET us."

Wnat Ohrist Would Say to Ohina Gospels Given to Bandits T HE story is told in The Outlook ACHINESE pastor in the Meth- of M?:ssions of six Christian stu- odist Mission in West China went dents in Hunan Province who formed to the captain of a company of bana preachin'g band when the Yochow dits, and asked for permission to Communists closed the mission school. speak to them. When this was That one of them showed especial in- granted, two church members went dependence of thought and earnest- with Pastor Li, taking with them a ness of conviction is evident from his large number of gospels for distriremarks on one occasion to his fel- bution. This is how he tells the story: lows: "Surely, if Christ were here "The men numbered about 130, now, " he said, "He would not preach drawn up in two lines. Between two as He did to the Jews. 'Do not pray and three hundred villagers stood on the street corners to be seen of about, watching the curious sight, men,' He said. They loved to be seen ready to run at the first sign of trou-. of men to pray; but we are ashamed ble. The Lord gave me the courage to be seen praying. Therefore the to tell those ,bandits their sins to their Lord would tell us to stand on the faces. I did not mince words. And street corners and pray, and not be as I described the miseries of the ashamed to be caught praying! What people the tears came to my eyes and we all need in these days of anti- ran down my cheeks. I urged them Christian sentiment is more courage to repent. I told them that now that to confess our religion and to live it." they were going into the army they could begin a new life, and that the Oourageous Ohinese Ohristians Lord would overlook their past if they forsook their wicked ways, but FROM a letter written by Chinese if they persisted in wickedness it Christians in Showchow, Anhwei would be hard for them. I then told Province to one of their missionaries them about the gospel doctrine, now in the United States the follow- showed them the gospels, and said ing is quoted: "One night ten soldiers that I was going to give one to every heavily armed came to the hospital man who was willing to repent, but and demanded that in twenty min- for no one to take a copy unless he utes everything should be opened so meant to change his ways. The church that they could take the things for members then passed down the ranks their army hospitals. We prayed for with the books, and not a man rec a plan to come forth before our eyes. fused. " We had a friend who was a 'small' officer and we went to beg his help. We also know the general and a tele-

Presbyterian Missionaries Return doings of imperialism and capital- THE Board of Foreign Missions of ism_ To see many of them with bound the Presbyterian Church in the feet hobbling along in such proces- U. S. A. made the following statement sions is a vivid reminder of how in September: "In response to cable- quickly these changes are coming_ In grams from China about twenty fur- the labor unions that are being rapidloughed and new missionaries are ly organized women also have their now sailing for the field. Of our share. They are often seen doing China missionaries in the Far picket service for the unions, clad in East in August, more than 100 the same kind of uniform and perwere in their own stations and 130 forming the same duties as the men."

in port cities in China; in neighbor- "Reforma.tories" So-Called ing countries in temporary service or advanced language study there were REV. R. E. CRADDOCK writes 50 in Korea, 12 in Japan, 10 in the from Yunnanfu, southwestern Philippines, and 5 in Siam; some and China, that the Chinese have estabprobably many of these 'refugees' lished institutions called "reformawill be back in their regular stations tories" for abandoned boys and girls, this autumn. There are approximately and that inhuman cruelties are prac- ] 75 on furlough in the homeland, tised upon the inmates, in many inlargely engaged in post-graduate stances girls being sold into slavery. study or other constructive employ- These girls having been already torment. They will return to the field as tured and thrown out to die are opportunity permits." picked up by the police and taken to this institution because the new law One cablegram read: does not permit beggars, waifs or 8hantllng Mission n1en are returning to slaves to lie in the streets to solicit alms or pity. A lady missionary who their stations; women also to Tsinan and visited one such reformatory reported Weihsien. Schools are reopening except at that it was evident that the chief Icl10w and Yihsien. Hosuitals all are oven. Mission work continues with Chinese Chris- tian le3 Mrs retaining enlarged control and source of income was from the sale of responsibility. some of the inmates for wicked ends.

Chinese Women'/J Organizations Indeed, she herself witnessed such sales. Some inmates had starved to I N A booklet on the Y. W. C. A. in death. The place was filthy beyond China. recently issued, lIiss Irene th011ght. Their rags and a filthy Dean writes: "One of the most hope- straw mat, in many cases bare boards, ful things about the present woman's were all they had for bedding. Their movement is the fact that there is a food was of the coarsest, and served real effort to make the women of all without tables or the commonest uten- classes count_ Perhaps for the first sils. Their sores were left to putrefy.

time the real importance of the in- In Yunnan-fu, the question of slavery dustrial and peasant women is being in general and of the state of these recognized. As soon as the Nationalist institutions in particular, has recently regime began in Hunan the Woman's closely occupied the attention of mis- Association set up plans for reaching, sionaries there, who include members through propagandists, all the women of the China Inland Mission, the (and did reach many of them in fact) Church Missionary Society, the Unit- not only those of the cities and larger ed Methodists, and some French nuns.

villages but even those of the remotest country districts. In the cities under Tibetan Priests as Guests S the new government, women workers OME of the contacts with Tibetans established by the Disciples' Misare to be seen in large numbers in the frequent parades to celebrate an- sion at Batang, West China, have al- niversaries or protest against the ready been reported in the REVIEW.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

One member of the mission now hooked and braided rag rugs made by writes from that outpost on the Tib- our girls were pronounced by the etan border: "A number of young judges to be the finest work shown.

priests from the large monastery at We have forty-three girls, out of an Litang stopped to look in at our enrollment of 133, working about school on their way to Lhasa. We fourteen hours a week, and thirteen always invite them to look around who work half that time."

and give them gospels and tracts. At first only one of them ventured in Japan's Religious Attitude T but after he had received the gospels HE failure of the bill intended to regulate the various religions in and tracts and gone out, others were encouraged to come in. These priests Japan was announced in the May had never before seen a white person, REVIEW. Rev. Walter Buchanan, which is not surprising since most of writing in the Christian Observer, them live south of Litang and are at interprets the situation as showing a the monastery only on certain days changed attitude toward religion on of the year. They will take up their the part of "official Japan. " He residence in Lhasa for three years says: "For about twenty-five years where they expect to learn the mys- the Government had had a large teries of conquering evil spirits and committee, including representatives all the lore l).ecessary for an ordinary of the three great religions, Bud- priest. We hope that they will have dhism, Shintoism and Christianity, enough interest in their profession to studying the whole situation ….. .

study the gospels and tracts, perhaps Apparently lack of interest and zeal later to seek further knowledge of in religious matters was responsible the good tidings.' l for its dragging on so long. But the recent awakened interest in religion JAPAN-KOREA occasioned the introduction of the bill Industrial Training in Korea. last year; moreover, its rejection T HE industrial department of the after much full, free discussion and boys' school conducted by Southern criticism openly expressed in public Presbyterian missionaries at Chunju, gatherings and in the press bears Korea, gives manual and vocational testimony to a new interest in and training, and enables the boy without a new valuation of religion."

sufficient means to work his way through school. In this wayan all- Fruits of EvangelislIl A round education is given to the futureN AUSTRALIAN missionary of the Church Missionary Society leaders and church members of the Korean Church. What Tuskegee is in Kagoshima, Japan, writes: "Quite doing for the Negro and Berea Col- suddenly a young doctor and his wife, lege for the mountain boys and girls, who had been enquirers for years, the mission wishes to do for its peo- asked for baptism. The other day a ple. One of the teachers in the gil'Is , friend of the doctor's, who knew him school in Soonchun writes: "In the in the early days of his Bible study, eyes of the Japanese Government the told me he had always said that industrial department is one of the Japanese had suitable religions of most importan~ features of our school their own, and that nothing would work. They say it would be a fine persuade him to be baptized. Almost thing if we would give work to all at the same time as these two, various the girls in the school instead of to other enquirers came to the point and the few who must earn their ,.ay in we now have two baptism preparation order to obtain an education. In a classes-eight women and six men.

recent exhibition of the school work Aoki San has been with us for a ten of all Soonchun territory, both gov- days' children's mission. He is a ernment and private schools, the magnificent story teller and children's

evangelist, and he has been greatly but the Dobuan was chosen by the used all over Japan in children's Australian Methodist missionaries work. He visited three of our Sun- as the literary language for a conday-schools, giving them three days siderable territory. The system of each, and at the end a hundred chil- training all teachers at a central indren gave in their names as desirous stitution gives a knowledge of that of being saved. We do thank God language to all the leaders of the for these." people. The teaching in the village schools, wherever p03sible, is done in Temperance Progress in Korea that tongue also. The present trans- lation now gives. the whole library of REV. F. S. MILLER, Presbyterian God's Word to these much-divided missionary in Chungju, Korea, tribes. writes: "My secretary, when out doing village preaching, found a village Christian Australian Nurses whose people had decided to make and buy no more beer, to stop supply- THE Australian Nurses Christian ing it to farmhands. If the villagers Movement, which is well estabwill not buy beer, the beer shop has lished in every State of Australia to hand back its license; so these peo- has been extended to Queensland, ple practically have local option. I where it was founded last June. This wish we could describe the results of movement is a voluntary association this experiment in a leaflet and dis- of nurses who are desirous of rentribute it all over Korea and persuade dering mutual assistance in the culthe other villages. to do likewise. The tivation of the Christian life, and of above-mentioned village is not yet a availing themselves of the best means Christian one. Where the people are of Bible study and Christian fellowlargely Christian the liquor business ship. On account of irregular hours dies a natural death, for the church of duty it is sometimes difficult for is a temperance society. I never nurses to give sufficient time to spirheard of a Presbyterian pastor in itual development. It is to help in Korea who baptized one who drank this development that the movement intoxicants. He tells such that they was established. Its aim is "to lead should wait till they have enough nurses to know Jesus Christ as their :faith and love to impel and enable personal Saviour and Lord, and to them to give up the habit lor the sake devot~ their lives to His service. " I t8 of their weaker brethren and sisters, method is to form Bible study circles especially for the sake of the young." in the various public hospitals and to hold weekly a central Bible study ISLANDS OF THE SEA circle which enables nurses on the staff of private hospitals, and those Bible for Papnan Christians doing private nursing and child wel- fare work, to avail themselves of T HE completion of the Bible in the Christian fellowship. The circles are Dobuan tongue marks a step on- presided over by known Christian ward in the spread of Christian leaders from the clergy, medical and knowledge among the people of Pa- teaching professions, and the business pua. When it is realized that the world. Bible is, with the hymn-book and catechism, the only literature avail- Silliman Institute Gradnates able for these people, that it must serve the purpose of primer and read- THE work of this famous instituing book in the schools, that to native tion in the Philippine Islands is preachers and teachers. it is the only bearing significant fruit. Rev. J. L. book of reference and study, it will Underwood, D.D. who says that the readily be seen of what immense value teachers, lawyers, physicians and is the completed translation. Various business men who have imbibed the languages and dialects are spoken,

192i) NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Silliman ideals are laying the founda- the four gospels is supplied to him tions of democracy, writes of the by the League, to be read and pl1ssed importance of helping Silliman grad- on in the same way. On the compleuates to establish "private schools at tion of the gospels, the child receives strategic points, schools like Maasin a New Testament from the League. Institute. Angel Espina, a graduate of Silliman, took one year in an Ore- "Rosenwald Schools" Increase gon college and graduated. On his own initiative and almost single- DURING the year ending July 1st, handed, he opened this school in his the Julius Rosenwald Fund gave native town. The school was about aid to 545 building projects in fourto close its first year before many of teen Southern states. These included us missionaries knew of its. existence. rural school buildings for colored He was without material resources, children, teachers' homes and addiand he needed a little help in getting tions to school houses. The total cost the school organized and incorpo- of these buildings was $2,812,718, rated. The third year has just closed and of that sum the Rosenwald fund with an enrollment of 230, and is contributed a total of $410,679. The recognized by the Government. Es- colored people themselves gave $440,- pina is a ZacchlBus as to physical 353 the white people $90,719, and stature, bu~ he towers above his fel- the' public school authorities approlow townspeople in intellect and priated $1,870,949. For the present character. He has stoutly refused to year the fund will give aid toward throw the Bible out of the curriculum the construction and equipment of in spite of persecution and empty only those schools, where the te;m offers of support." runs for at least five consecutIve months and the site and buildings of NORTH AMERICA each school aided must be the property of the public school authorities. ~n­ School-Bag Gospel League other provision is that the school SIte must have ample space for play- I N THE five years since this organ- grounds and for such agricultural ization was formed for the circu- work as is deemed necessary for the lation of the Scriptures among best service of the community. children, it has shipped over 100,000 gospels to different parts of America A A S. Missionary in Tennessee and Canada, thousands {)f TestaIllilnts, andover 200,000 pieces of literature. ASUMMER'S work in the Tennes- It recently opened its 254th center see Mountains. in a church extencovering thirty-six states in America sion program was full of rich and and 22 centers in Canada. When the encouraging experiences for a Sun- REVIEW referred to the League in its day-school missionary, says James D. June, 1926', issue, there were 181 cen- Burton, who writes: "Four new ters in thirty-one states. Thomas E. Sunday-schools were organized in Little, General Secretary, appealing neglected neighborhoods, fifty mounfor a celebration on October 14th of tain schools were reached through the founding 'of the League, says: addresses before two county conven- "The American Association for the tions, and a Christian Endeavor So- Advancement of Atheism, whose ob- ciety was established. 'Over two hunject is to atheize the youth of Amer- dred children were enrolled in two ica, has recently dubbed the League vacation Bible schools, a teacherplan, a bootleg effort to get the Bible training class of twenty-five men and into the public schools." A child who women was organized, and a number joins the League promises to carry of young people were directed to the Gospel of John in his school bag school and college. Pointing the way and, after reading it through, to give for the realization of their visions it to some other boy or girl. Each of and dreams of securing an education

for which church schools and colleges tunity before the school in preparing gladly open their doors, is a great for college young men of all tribes privilege. One of the great joys of who show capacity and moral fitness this serviee is to see boys and girls for leadership, especially for the min- develop in Christian character and istry.

service. These influences reach many mountain homes on uncharted high- Indian Appeal to the President ways thr(lUgh this region." PRESIDENT AND MRS. COOL- IDGE during their recent stay in South Dakota participated in a church New York's Negro Children AREPORT on the delinquent and convocation of more than 2,000 Sioux neglected Negro children in New connected with the Protestant Epis- York City is published as the result of copal mission at Pine Ridge Agency. a seven months' investigation by a Before the arrival of the President, Joint Committee on Negro Child the convocation adopted an address to Study, representing some thirty social agencies, in cooperation with the him, part of which read as follows: National Urban League and the "We are glad that you have come Women's City Club of New York. The among us, hoping that you may see report deals with the five boroughs the Indian as he really is. You have of New York City and the conditions seen much of war-paint and feathers and dances. Those are all things of described relate to the several centers yesterday, which mean little today, of congested Negro population. It and will mean nothing tomorrow. The points out that in the last ten years, hope of our people lies in education, through migrations from the South, industry, and religion, and we pray the Negro population of New York that you will help us find these neceshas increased at a rate nearly fonr sities for a useful life. Many of us times as great as the increase in gen- are still children of the primitive eral population; that there are now world which has disappeared and in the city more than 200,000 Ne· most of us have had little chance to groes; that largely as a result of learn fully the best things in the enforced parental neglect and because white man's way of life. Give to us, of the lack of organized recreational Great Father, understanding, sym facilities there has been since 1919 a pathy, patience and protection. In considerable increase in the delin- the America which was ours before quency and neglect of Negro children it was yours, we desire to take our as against a dcrease in delinquency place in the ranks of Christian citamong white children. izenship. "

Indian Christian Leadership Jubilee of Missions in Alaska T HE Board of National Missions of A SPECIAL jubilee meeting of the the Presbyterian Church in the U. Presbytery of Yukon convened in S. A. on July 1st took over an impor- Fairbanks, Alaska, on August 24th. tant and influential piece of Indian This presbytery is geographically not work when it became responsible for only the largest in the United States the hitherto undenominational Amer- but the farthest north. The church ican Indian Institute at Wichita, in which the meeting was held, the Kansas. This boarding school for In- First Presbyterian, has a history godian boys was established in 1915 by ing back to when the first Protestant that well-known Winnebago Indian, service in Tanana Valley was held graduate of Yale University and of in the neighboring town of Chene. In Auburn Theological Seminary, Rev. order to celebrate this jubilee year Henry Roe Cloud, who is its super- of Alaskan Presbyterian missions in intendent. He writes of the oppor- a practical way the presbytery out- lines its aims as follows: To place

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

emphasis on evangelism in all the secnre a social hall at Anchorage local churches, to conduct a school and a memorial school building at of missions during the winter in every Fairbanks, and' to ,raise a fund both church, to develop the newly organized presbyterial society among the for a hospital building on St. Lawwomen, to set going vacation schools rence Island and for the commissionin all the churches and missions, to ing of a full force of workers to the Eskimo fields.

Answers to Test On Home Missions (Questions on page 856.) 1. The Connecticut Missionary Society (Congregational) founded in June, 179'8.

2. The National Board of Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

3. All the territory east of the Mississippi River and south of the Great Lakes with the exception of Florida.

4. The Louisiana Purchase which carried the western boundary line of the United States to the Rocky Mountains.

5. All the territory under the American flag with the exception of the Philippine Islands–48 states, Alaska, Porto Rico and Hawaiitogether with the near-by islands of Cuba, Haiti and Santo Domingo.

6. The immigrant problem. 7. Samuel J. Mills, the "Haystack Hero." 8. A large majority of the colleges of the United States and many of the elementary schools owe their inception to home missions. 9. The Rev. Reuben Gaylord, a Congregational home missionary. 10. The American Bible Society at its annual meeting in May, 1829. 11. Jonathan Edwards. 12. Dr. Marcus Whitman who rode 4,000 miles to save the Oregon country to the United States. 13. Booker T. Washington, founder of Tuskegee Institute, Alabama. 14. Work for migrants-lumber jacks, berry pickers, grain harvesters, fruit and vegetable canners. 15. 17,500,000, about 14 per cent of the population. 16. Whitman College, Walla Walla" Washington. Named for Marcus Whitman, founded by Cushing Eells, presided over by Stephen B. L. Penrose. 17. Hamilton College, Clinton, New York, founded by Samuel Kirkland, missionary to the Oneida Indians. 18. According to the report of the Home Mission Council, not more than $330,000, an average of about $1.00 apiece for each Indian in the country.

19. Frank E. Higgins, "Sky Pilot of the Lumber Jacks."

2D. Sheldon Jackson, who gave 50 years' service, traveled 1,000,000 miles, planted 100 churches, founded Protestant missions in Alaska, served as Commissioner of Education in Alaska and introduced Siberian reindeer into the territory to save the natives from starvation.

MISSIONARY

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.- THE REVIEW.

Missionary Methods for Church and Home. Church, " published by the Church of Katherine Scherer Cronk. Edited by E. England. It presents the "call" C. Cronk, D.D. 12 mO. 190 pp. $1.50. from all British people throughout New York. 1927. the world of whatever race they may be. The first four chapters deal with These inspiring and fascinating the location of these peoples, and their chapters will be a boon to many pas- spiritual need and claims upon the tors, parents, and others interested in Church in England. The next nine missionary activity in home and chapters treat separately the peoples church. Dr. Cronk has edited many of each land. There are good maps of the practical suggestions gathered and a bibliography relating to the by Mrs. Cronk for the REVIEW from various geographical sections. her wide experience. It is a treasure house that will enrich many programs In this extensive survey, we are and will make work effective without taken around the globe and, in imagcountless experiments and failures ination, see these British subjects in due to inexperience. China, India, Africa, Japan and elsewhere, as administrators and com- Mrs. Cronk rightly emphasizes mercial men, on rubber plantations prayer and the need for spiritual and oil fields, on cattle ranches and power as prime requisites for success. in mines, as ambassadors and consuls, She also shows the necessity of be- as bankers, soldiers and sailors, as ginning with the children in the home students and nurses and even as acand tells how to interest them in the tors and adventurers. world-wide work of Christ. She advocates soul-winning methods as more important than money-winning or The claim of these British subjects machinery. Eyegate is proved to be upon the Church "at home" is ably the principal entrance to Man-soul and convincingly expressed although and her methods show how to capture too much stress is laid upon the fact that gate. Other chapters deal with that they are British and not enough practical work for missions, with en- upon the yearning love of the Great listing others in activities, tell how Shepherd for all His wandering to enlist country churches, and give sheep. It would be an excellent thing valuable suggestions for pastors. if the churches of other nations made It is safe to guarantee that any similar summaries of the position and pastor or missionary worker in homes needs of their own nationals scat- and churches who will take the time tered throughout the world and tried and trouble earnestly to study these to stir the conscience of the home methods and put them into practice Church to care for them in Christ.

will meet with a large measure of Particularly ought Christians of success without lost motion. America to do this, for Americans, The Call from Our Own People Overseas: too, are now found all over the world. Fifth Report of the Church Assembly The book gives a wealth of informa- Missionary Counoil. 164 pp. 28 6d. Lon· tion of general interest and is broad- don. 1927. ening and stimUlating. An advantage This well-printed volume is one of of the "Free Churches" is admitted a series on "The World Call to the in that their lay members are more 81'8 trained for religious service than are and it is questionable whether the those of the Church of England, and stewardship ideal will gain ground as are more ready to accept such service long as it is presented largely as a where there is a lack of ordained formula for money-raising. The ministers. author reveals an earnest purpose but The book is written on the assump- the book is marred by a number of tion that the British race has a unique inaccuracies, as when the author re- commission from God to mould the fers to "M. W. Baldwin" as the world. This appears in the preface founder of Colgate University, in- by the Bishop of Salisbury, and in stead of William Colgate, an eminent the words of the Bishop of Manches- Christian steward, and to "Maurice tel': "The British E'mpire is the J. Jessup" instead of Morris K.

dominant fact of world history, at ,J es~up. H. R. M.

this time"; also in such remarks as that "the Church of England is the The Way of the Doctor. R. Fletcher Moors· head. 242 pp. $2.00. New York. 1927. Church of that race." This extended and comprehensive When we reflect upon the responsi- treatment of the medical missions takes the place of Dr. Moorshead's bility of the great so-called Christian "The Appeal of Medical Missions," published twelve years ago, which nations, we are disposed to echo the is now out of print.

call of this book to the service of There are seventeen chapters, each covering a different aspect of the 'Christ whether for men of British work. They show the modern med- ical missionary as a trained man, blood or for Americans, or for any using for his patients the same methods employed in the best English o()ther child of God. All should be hospitals. ' ,Woman's Work," "The Way of the Nurse," "The Preparareminded that their country and all tion of the Missionary Doctor," are three interesting titles. An appendix their advantages are not to be used gives curious instances of native treatment of disease in China, India, for the gratification of self, but for and on the Congo. The element of appeal underlies the entire volume, the fulfillment of the purpose of God but there is very little of mere ex- hortation. The book is packed with and for the benefit of the peoples of straight-forward, useful truth.-w.

.all lands and races. F. L. G. H.

,Ownership: God Is the Owner-I Am His Sona Mona Singh. Missionary Stories for Steward. Clementina Butler. 112 pp. Children. Lucia A. Parkhurst. 48 pp. $1.00. Fleming H. Revell'. New York. 50 cents. New York. 1927. 192;'. This is a simple story of a little This is the most recent addition to girl in India, trained in mission ,our happily increasing literature on the subject of stewardship. It is writ- schools and later in a hospital in ten by a woman and is addressed par- America, who went back to her ticularly to the membership of women's missionary societies. The ap- country to do medical work among proach is along lines of the tithing her people. Mrs. Parkhurst suggests principle, the obligation being sus- that many older people" may read betained by many scriptural references tween' the lines the great need of help and a wealth of illustration drawn for such little girls as the one delargely from missionary experience in scribed and the joy that comes to us the foreign field. The scriptural sup- when we do such a work. "-w. G. H. port for tithing is drawn almost exclusively from the Old Testament and, while the author insists that tithers should not be constrained by the legal obligation alone, many of her readers will feel a sense of regret that the wider New Testament appeal for proportionate giving is not given more definite recognition. It is not 2. strong presentation of the subject NEW BOOKS Papers on the Ethnology and Archaeology of the Halay Peninsula. Ivor H. N. American Baptist Foreign Missionary So- Evans. Cambridge University Press. Lon- ciety. Annual Report, 1921. 277 pp. don. 1927. American Foreign Missionary Society. New York. 1927. India's Past: A Survey of Her Literatnres, Religions, Languages and Antiquities. A. Better Things. Third edition, revised and A. McDonell. Ill. 293 pp. 108. Oxford enlarged. J. Gregory Mantle, D.D. 250 University Press. London. 1927. pp. $1.25. Christian Nliance Publishing Co. New York. 1927. China and Foreign Powers. Sir Frederick Bhanudas-The Poet Saints of Maharash- Whyte. 78 pp. 28 6a. Oxford Univer- tra No.1. T'rans]ated from the Bhak- tavijaya by Justin E. Abbott. <II) pp. sity Press. London. 1927. $1.25. To be obtained from the Tram- lator, Summit, N. J. 1926. What and Why in China. Paul Hutchin- son. 131 pp. $1.00. Willett, Clark and Eknah-The Poet Saints of Maharashtra Colby. Chicago. 1927. No 2. Translated from the Bhaktalilam- rita by Justin E. Abbott. 295 pp. $1.25. The New Soul in China. G. R. GrOBe. 152 To be obtained from the Translator. pp. $1.00. Abingdon Press. New York. Summit, N. J. 1927. 1927.

Fifty Years of Foreign Missions of the lapanese Traits and Foreign Infiuences. Reformed Church in the United States. Commemorating the Service of Allen R. Inazo Nitobe. 216 pp. 78 6a. K:egan Bartholomew, Secretary. Compiled by a Committee: 244 pp. Board of Foreign Paul. London. 1927. Missions. Philadelphia. 1927_ An 'Uphill Road in India. M. L. Christ- Missionary Methods: St. Paul's or Ours~ lieb. 253 IIp. 68. Allen & Unwin. Lon- Roland Allen. 233 pp. 38 6il_ World don. 1927. Dominion Press. London. 1927. The Aborigines of the Highlands of Central Messianic Speculation in Israel. Abba Hil- India. B. C. Mazumdar. 84 pp. 38. lel Silver. 268 pp. $3.50. Macmillan Co. University Press. Calcutta. 1927. New York. 1927. Biennial Survey of Occupation and Direc- tory of Christian Missions in India, Burma and Ceylon, 1926-1927. Compiled by A. McLeish. 417 pp. 58. Livingstone Press. 1926.

Outline Studies in the Epistle of John. Kenya from Within. W. McGregor Ross. T. C. Horton. 121 pp. Fifty cents. !lIus. MallS. Diagrams. 486 pp. 18s. Long Beach, Cal. 1927. Allen and Unwin. London. 1927.

Outline Studies in the Epistle of Jude. T. An Africa for Africans; A Plea on Behalf of Territorial Segregation Areas and of c. Horton. 45 pp. Twenty-five cents. Their :Freedom in a South African Col- ony. Arthur S. Cripps. Map. 203 pp. Long Beach, Cal. 1927. 98.• Longmans. London. 1927.

Present Tense Salvation. Up-to-the-miuute The Jew and Christianity: Some Phases, and Evangelistic. 176 pp. Bible Institute Colportage Ass 'no Chicago. 1927. Ancient and M.cohdreirsntil aonift the Jewish Atti- tude towards y. Herbert Dan- The Rising Tide. Elizabeth Knauss. 248 by, D.D. 120 pp. 28 and 38 6a. Sheldon pp. $1.75. Christian Alliance Publishing Co. New York. 1927. Press. London. 1927.

Songs from Sightless Land. Howard W. Resident Orientals on the American Pacilc Pope. 96 pp. Bible Institute Colportage Coast; Their Legal and Economic Status. Ass 'no Chicago. 1927. Eliot Grinnell Mears. 526 pp. American In'stitute of Pacific Relations, 129 East Speaking with Other Tongues-Sign or 52d St. New York. 1927. Gift. Which 1 T.;T. McCrossan. 53 pp. Christian Alliance Publishing Co. New OOMING EVENTS York. 1927.

Spontaneous Expansion of the Church and THE UNIVERSAL WEllIK OF PRAYER FOR the Causes 3w.-h. iecah. Hinder It. Roland Al- YOUNG MEN, under the auspices of the len 220 pp. World Dominion Press. National Council of the Y. M. C. A. falls this year On November 13th to 19th. London. 1927. * .. * Spirit of the Street. Priscilla Holton. 157 A NATIONAL CHURCH COMITY CONJ!'EB.ENCII: pp. $2.00. The Pilgrim Press. Boston. will be held January 20-22 inclusive, 1928, 1927. . in the city of Oleveland, under the auspices of the Home Missions Council, the Council; The Gist of the Lessou-A Concise Exposi- of Women for Home Miissions, and the Fed- tion of the International Sunday School eral Counell of Churehes of Christ in Amer-~ Lessons for 1928. R. A. Toney. 157 pp. ica.

Fleming H, Revell Co. New York. 1927.

The Missionary Review of the World — October 1927

OCTOBER, 1927

Quality In Linens pURE quality Linens are invariably a satisfactory and eco- nomical investment. For pure Linen is durable and retains its distinctive beauty as long as a thread of the fabric lasts. You may choose your Table Damasks, Fancy Linens, Sheets and Pillow Cases and Towels at McCutcheon's and be con~ fident of their pure quality, beauty and moderate price.

Write for our new Fall and Winter Catalogue which illustrates many of the treasures in our store. Mail orders are always carefully fiUed.

:lV·c Cutcheon's (1Jr!) FlFrn AVENUE AT FORTY-NlNTH ST.

DEPT. No. 20 '~"'- NEW YORK ~e MOSLEM WORLD A Quarterly Review of current events, literature, and thought among Mohammedans and the progress of Christian Missions in Moslem lands.

Edited by REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., F.R.G.S.

cA.sodate EditOT.

PR.OF. D. B. MACDONALD, D.D., Hartford, Conn. REV. MURRAY T. TITUS, B.Litt., India CANON W. H. T. GAIRDNJ:R, B.A., Cairo MR. MARSHAI..[' BROOMHALL, London REV. H. U. WEITBR~CHT STANTON, London REv. E. M. WHERRY, D.D., India PROF. WM. G. SHlU.I.ABnAR, D.D .• Hartford, Conn. PROF. ARTHUR JEFFERY, Cairo, Egypt PROF. S. RALPH HARLOW, Northampton. Mass.

T HE Moslem World was founded in 1911 to follow up the work of the conferences on evangelization of Moslems, held at Cairo in 1906 and at Lucknow in 1911. It is unique in its outlook, at once on phases and conditions of contemporary Islam, and on the missionary work of all sections of the Christian Church among Moslems, WHAT SOME READERS SAY "THE MOSLEM WORLD is the best source of information in the English language with regard to religious movements among the Mohammedan peoples and with regard to Christian Missions to Moslems. It deals with the literature that relates to Islam and Irslamic ,Peoples _and it is indispens- able to all those who arc interested in their evangelization. Its attitude wlth reference to the world's need of Christ and the sufficiency of the Christian Gospel is unwavering but it deals with the great issue of Islam and Christianity with Christian kindness and goodwill."-RoBERT E. SPEER, D.D., Secretary Board Foreign Missions Presbyterian Church~ U. S. A.

"THE MOSLEM WORLD is indispensable for all friends of foreign missions who wish to remain in touch with the rapid and kaleidoscopic changes among the two hundred and thirtYMfour millions of Moslems. There is at present no livmg person commanding such worldMwide and intimate knowledge of the problems connected with the Moslem world as tho editorMinMchief of this Quarterly." -DR. JULIUS RICHTtR, D.O., Professor of Science of Missions, University of Berlin.

MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., 156 Fifth Ave., New York City Price in U. S. A., $2.00 or 50 cents per copy; in Britain, 8s. per annum. or 2s. per copy Please menUon THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. EJitor CONTENTS FOR OCTOBER, 1927 Page FRONTISPIECE …… CENTRAL A}'RIC'A MISSION FIELD OF THE LATE DAN CRAWFORD MOSLEM LIFE IN RUMANIA AND BULGARIA …………SAMUEL M. ZWEMER 725 A report of observation;; and information gathered on a reolmt tour in South· oostern Europe. Some revelations of the prevalence ot Islam in the Balkan States. TRE CEASEL,ESS INNER URGE …………………………… S. D. GDRDON 732 A strikim,g study of the motive and power of the Christian missionary. enterprise as viewed by the author of the famous" Quiet Talks." WRY CHRISTIAN MISSIONS~ …………………….. P. WHITWELL WILSON 737 The authw of "The Christ We Forget" and other well-known volumes, gives reasons why Chris·tian mis8ionary alJtivity hoUls 81Lch an important and essential prave in the work of the Christian Church. SEVENTEEN YEARS IN THE PERSIAN GULF ……………. C. S. G. MYLREA 743 One of tke well·known missionaries of the Reformed Church tells of his experienoes among fanat;;oa~ anti-Christian Arabs ana shows the opportu.nities for in{})'ease-a missionary eilart. MOHAMMED AND THEOPHOLIS …………………….. OALVIN K. STAUDT 747 The head o<f a Christian boys' ..chool in Mesopotamia giv'es some interesting experiences in dealing with Mohanumedan boys. A FOCAL POINT FOR MOSLEM SEEKERS …………………… E. E. ELDER 749 A mil8sionary too.oher in aairo desoribes the influence of a Christian schoo~ ana: the seO/J'oh of followers of Mohantmed fot' the truth. TESTS OF SPIRITUAL LIFE ……………………… SADHU SUNDAR SINGH 751 The famous Indian Christian" holy man" expresses in Orilmtal style his interpre· tation of Christian truth. A GREAT AFRICAN CHRISTIAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H. W. FEET 753 A sket"" of the life and work of J. E. K. Aggrey, one Of the most intelligent and outstandmg of African Christians who won honot's in American universities. AN EXPERIMENT IN AFRICAN EDUCATION ………………… F. W. COBB 755 The story of the purpose and: progress of the ed,ueationa~ institution in West· Africa to which Dr. Aggrey intended to devote his life. AMONG THE MEIXICANS IN TEXAS …………….. .TOSEPH MARTIN DAWSON 757 A picture of conrlcitions on the American side of the Rio Grande, showing the need and opportunities for evange1ical work. WALDENSIAN CHURCHES IN SICILy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F. S. GOODMAN 759 ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON AND MISSIONS …………….. . .T. W. BURTON 761 TAKEN FOR KIDNAPPERS ………………………………. H. J. SHEET'S 764 BEST METHODS FOR USING MISSION STUDY BOOKS .MRS. DAN B. BRUMMITT 765 A MISSIONARY HIS'l'ORY TEST ON MOSLEM LANDS …… BELLE M. BRAIN 770 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN . . . . . . . EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN! 771 WOM'AN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN …… EDITED BY ELLA D. MAOLAURIN 774 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ………………………………………… 776 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ……………………………………….. 793 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, liD cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published mont~ly. Copyrighted, 1927, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All l'l.ghts reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc, Robert E. Speer. President Wm. 1. Chamberlain, Vice-President Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary Walter McDougall, Treasurer Publication om••, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Editorial and Business Omce. 156 l"lttl> Avenue. Pa.. 25c" COPy. $2.50 a year. New York City Entered aa second-class matter at the Poet omce. Harrisburg, Pa.. under Act or March 3. 1879. PERSONALS DR. WILFRED GRENFELL of Labrador has Quadruple Dividends been made lly IGpg George of England a knight of the order of St. Michael and St. FROM George. Annuity Agreements * CASH DIVIDENDS-To the donor during life. DR. WILLIAM R. KING, formerly pastor of an important church in St. Lonis and re- Based on age when gift is made. cently district secretary of the Board of National Missions of the Presbyterian SPIRITUAL DIVIDENDS-To Ihe donor during life. Church, has recently accepted the position "It is more blessed to give than to receive." of execntive secretary of the Home Missions CASH DIVIDENDS-To tbe project named by Ihe Council with offices at 105 E. 22nd Street, New York. donor.

* Any regular missionary work may be supported. RT. REV. PETER TRIMBLE ROWE, D.D., Bishop of Alaska, unable to await the government boat for the Arctic, made the trip to Tiagara from Nome and return by airplane for the visitation of missions.

~ SPIRITUAL DIVIDENDS-To tbe people reached as a result of your gift. THE REV. CHARLES E. VERMILYA, who was formerly superintendent of frontier work The life that is brought to Christ in the Methodist Episcopal Board of Home is the great dividend. Missions, and recently secretary of the Home Missions Council, has been appointed ex- For further informati"n write ; ecutive secretary of the New York State Council of Churches. His office is 105, East Morna W. Ehnes, Treasurer. Board 01 For. Twenty-second Street, New York City. agD Mi.lions 01 the Methodist Epitcopal Church, * 150 Filth Avenue, New York. N. Y., or MRS. DOUGLAS THORNTON, whose late hus- W. J. Elliott, Treasurer. Board 0/ Home Mi•• band was once a leader in the British Student Movement and a C. M. S. missionary .ionl and Church Extension "I the Methodist Episco. to Egypt, has been appointed a full secre- pal Chwch. 170 I Arch Street, Philadelphia. Pa. tary by the Church Missionary Society-the first woman to be called to such a position.

OBITUARY first Protestant church in Alaska, and was the author of "Alaska Days with John DR. GEORGE E. KING, head of the Borden Muir," "Adventures in Alaska, " and" The Memorial Hospital at Lanchow, KansuProv- Klondike Klan" and other volumes. His inee, China, and son of a veteran mission- autobiography is now in the hands of Flemary of the China Inland Mission, was ing H. Revell Co. drowned while fleeing, with fellow missionaries, on rafts from Lanchow. * * WILLIAM MOQUERE, a converted safe cracker and, for about twenty years, an REV. WILLIAM T. ELSING, D.D., an au- earnest Christian worker and superintendent thority on City Missions and for forty years of the McAuley Cremorne Mission of the pastor of De Witt Memorial Church, New National Bibt'e Institute, died suddenly of York City, nntil his retirement a few years heart disease on September 5th. ago, died in Merano, Italy, early in August, aged seventy-six years. COMING EVENTS * Octobe,. 4th to 6th-The Missionary Edu- eation Movement is to hold an important REV. S. HALL YOUNG, D.D., for nearly conference on Mission Study at Pocono fifty years a Presbyterian missionary in Manor, Pa. Alaska, died as the result of a trolley accident near Clarksburg, West Virginia, on ** September 2nd, 1927. Dr. Young would have been eighty years old on September The annual meeting of the Interdenomi- 12th. He was born in Butler, Pa., and at- national Council on Spanish-Speaking Work tended the University of Wooster, and will be held in San Antonio, Texas, from Princeton Theological: Seminary. Nearly December 14-18, 1927. fifty years ago, he was married to Miss Fannie E. Kellogg in Sitka. He was the Preparations are now being made in Engcompanion of John Muir, the naturalist, and land and America for the celebration of the in the gold rush to the Klondike in 1898, Three Hundredth Anniversary of the birth and carried on his missionary work by of John Bunvan in 1928. The American canoe and dog team to many settlements Tract Society' expects, as a part of its plan in this vast territory. He organized the for the celebration, to raise a fund of $25, 000 to print new editions of "Pilgrim's Progress" in many languages.

PI."… mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD In wrIting to advertIsers. o BELGIAN CONGO ~ LUBA 4.j .e; Katnevwe 8'

. .. LOU B A • Nielllbu 1<und,. ~ 6,'<?-· • … Sv· '.0-.–~'.-.~~'!ijl. lfu lenge . . . . . ._ o LAM Scal. lliles MISSION STATIO~S WITH RESIDENT WHITE NATIVE CHURCIIES WITHOUT ,RESIOENT WHITE RESIDENT EVANGELISTS" PRIMARY SCHOOL 270 28"

MISSION FIELD OF THE LATE DAN CRAWFORD, OENTRAL AFRIGA This map, drawn by Dr. Tilsley, Mr. Crawford '8 nephew and successor, shows the extent of the territory (200 by 300 miles) occupied by the Luanza Mission. Note the number of mission stations and outstations, with churches and with resident Afriean evangelists and native schools. The neighboring territory, occupied by the Methodist Episcopal Church, London Missionary Society and Congo Evangelistic Mission, is also indicated. L TEN Moslem Life in Rumania and Bulgaria BY THE REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., CAIRO, EGYPT- Author of "Arabia, The Cradle of Islam," etc., etc.

I T IS not generally known that in Southern Europe there are still nearly three million followers of the Arabian Prophet, chiefly in Yugo-Slavia, Albania, Rumania and Bulgaria. These are living, as minority groups, in the midst of the Christians. Their racial origin is in some places Tatar or Turkish, the descendants of the old Moslem conquerors. In other places Serbians, Bulgarians, (Pomaks), Albanians and Gypsies have been "converted" to Islam since many decades, and cannot easily be distinguished from orthodox Turks.

Eager to learn the needs of these people, and to know something at first hand of the missionary opportunity among them, we recently visited some of the great Moslem centers such as Rustchuk, Varna, Constanza, Sofia, Philopoppolis, Belgrade and Serajevo. We saw more, however, in the smaller towns, away from the usual routes, in places like Bazargic, Shumna, and Majidiya, where the old-fashioned life prevails, where men still mourn the abolition of the Caliphate, women go veiled, young men wear the fez, and old men smoke the waterpipe. We were reminded at Warsaw, on a visit to the mosque and the Moslem cemetery, that there are six thousand IMoslems in Poland; and by the noble marble monument to Sobieski that it was a Polish king who hurled back the wave of Turkish invasion from the gates of Vienna in 1683, and saved Europe.

In Budapest we visited the little mosque-shrine to the last saint of Islam in Hungary, but once across the border and into the great plain of the Danube in Rumania we saw the familiar dress that distinguishes Moslem men and women everywhere.

725

After arrival in Bucarest, 'the Paris of the Balkans, our host, the .r Rev. J. H. Adeney of the London ews Society, took us for a visit to the beautiful little mosque, built in Carol Park by the Government to adorn the exposition grounds, and now used for Moslem worship. We had a delightful hour discussing religious matters with the Mufti, who spoke Arabic quite easily, and gave us a warm welcome. Literature from the Nile Mission Press and the Scriptures in Arabic, Turkish, etc., were here and everywhere on our journey eagerly accepted. In fact our lack of faith was rebuked, for our supply ran out long before the demand was supplied. A converted Jewish soldier in the Rumanian army for example bought testaments for his Moslem comrades at the barracks.

On a visit to the old Academia Library in Bucarest we became acquainted with the output of the Moslem press, and through thp kindness of the American minister secured a special letter from the Government for crossing the rather disturbed frontiers.

On April 29th we left for Rustchuk to attend a conference of Christian. workers from every part of Bulgaria. We traveled by train to Giorgia on the frontier and crossed the Danube by the ferry.

Rustchuk is a town of some 40,000, of which perhaps one fourth is Mohammedan. Formerly it had twenty-nine mosques, now it has twelve: some were demolished during the war and others by the municipality because of new streets. It is still a stronghold of Islam, however, for all Northern Bulgaria, through its schools and press.

At Rustchuk we met two old friends-Ivan Gantcheff, agent for the British and Foreign Bible Society, and E. Max Hoppe of the German Hilfsbund and Orient Mission. Both were delegates to the Conference which met in the .Methodist church-too small to contain the audience that gathered at every session. There were able leaders and earnest words; the singing of a choir of young people (the girls in picturesque costume) was excellent. After an address on God's love for Moslems and His call to evangeli'ze them, a resolution was passed unanimously, which reads: We are greatly impressed with our Christian obligation to bring the Christ to our 750,000 Mohammedan neighbours in Bulgaria, therefore we, the delegates to the 47th Convention of the Bulgarian Evangelical Society representing the united body of Evangelical Christians working in Bulgaria, do hereby pledge ourselves to every possible interest in the evangelization of our Mohammedan brothers, and will give loyal cooperation to every effort to reach with the Gospel the thousands of Mohammedans in this land and elsewhere.

We trust the American Missions working in this area will follow such resolutions with definite plans for leading the Bulgarian Church out into this great unoccupied fied. Hitherto the Moslem has been much neglected, for special reasons and because of special difficulties.

MOSLEM LIFE IN RUlV!ANIA AND BULGARIA

Today there is peace, religious freedom, and no barrier to the tactful presentation of the gospel message,. The splendid work of such men as Max Hoppe, Pastor Ehmann and others of the German Mission, and the work of the two Bible Societies prove that the doors are wide open. In the village of Razgrad a converted Moslem is preaching to his former coreligionists.

In Rustchuk we met an earnest inquirer, a book-seller, who took us to the fraternity house of the Shathaliya order of which he was a member. I shall never forget his thoughtful questions and his pierc- ing eyes, hungry for spiritual vision. On the walls of the tekke were mottoes some of which we found on sale afterwards in other places.

One very striking motto written in Arabic reads: " 'Whoso hath a place for Allah in his heart will find Allah his helper in this world and the next; but whoso hath in his heart other than Allah, will find Allah his opponent in this world and the next." '

On Saturday; April 30th, we went to Varna. All along the railway there are Moslem villages and agricultural settlements. Varna, on the Black Sea, is an important center for trade and shipping, and is the seat of the Bulgarian orthodox metropolitan and of Roman Catholic clergy and schools. Among its population of 41,000 there M.0SLE'M BOYS AT SHUMEN. BULGARIA are some 4,500 rrurkish-speaking Moslems. The German Mission under Pastor Ehmann and Pastor Liiling is attempting literary work for the Moslems of Bulgaria for which there is great need. We met the daughters of Abraham Amirkhanjanz who, with Johannes Aveteranian, was a pioneer in this region. They left behind them a literary heritage which is yet to be more widely used-manuscripts, tracts, books in Armenian, Bulgarian and Turkish, a translation of the Koran into Armenian and one into Turkish printed on alternate pages with the text of the Turkish New Testament! Long before the war this seed was being sown in Bulgaria and it has born fruit. At Varna we held a union meeting in the Evangelical church, and our message was interpreted first into Bulgarian and then into Armenian. What wonderful talent the Bulgarian Christians have for song!

We spent one memorable day at Shumen, the great intellectual center of Islam in Bulgaria. The largest of its many mosques is called Tumboli Jamia and dates from 1648. Near it is the tomb of Hassan Pasha, a place of pilgrimage. From the verandah of the

GRADUATING CLASS OF 1924 IN A SCHOOL FOR R E LIGIOUS TRAINING AT MIAJIDIYA, RUMANIA German Mission House one can count twenty-two minarets, a panorama that reminds one of a miniature Cairo seen from the Citadel. We visite'd the Moslem press and called on the Mufti who accepted Arabic Christian books eagerly. Shumen is an educational center and in addition to primary Koran schools has an institution for the training of Moslem teachers. We met many of their "Young Islam on Trek" to schoo], (see illustration) but there are no radical educational reforms yet in this part of Bulgaria: the curriculum is oldfashioned and very orthodox.

Rather than take the meandering course of the railway, we went direct by automobile from Varna to Bazargic, crossing the frontier and rather enjoying the double unsuccessful custom-house search for tobacco, fire-arms or Bolshevist literature at two posts! Bibles were not confiscated but the copies given accepted gratefully. Bazargic has several mosques, three book-shops, and an active press.We also saw the young Moslem Club, its reading room, cafe and small gymnasium, all very primitive but harbingers of a new day. One of the small group of Evangelicals living here begged me, as they were without a pastor or missionary, to hold a service and baptize the twins of Ivan Petkoff. It was a polyglot service, by interpretation and interruption. The crying seemed to be American, they sang Bulgarian hymns, and the service was interpreted by a Greek lady, wife of an Armenian, whose father is pastor of a Greek church in New York City. The next day we took a car for Constanza. Our fellow-passengers were a Moslem judge and a merchant; both accepted a portion of the Scriptures in Turkish.

The city of Constanza has a very beautiful mosque recently built, with a high minaret of concrete; there is a learned Mufti but the city has only a small Mos]em population. Majidiya a much smaller town, forty kilometers away, is far more important as a

MOSLEM, LIFE IN RUMANIA AND BULGARIA

Moslem center. We spent a day there visiting the schools and studying the life of the people. In the Moslem high school for boys and girls, the Arabic language is well taught, and we heard them recite the Koran. There is a sort of theological seminary also with over one hundred enrolled, and eighty in the boarding department. They follow an eight-year course of study. Our illustration shows the graduating class with the faculty-a very impressive group, when you r ealize that such as these go out every year to strengthen the hold of orthodox Islam among the masses. In the middle of the town there is a fairly large printing press employing a goodly staff where three small rotary presses turn out Moslem literature.

R eturning to Bucarest we were surprised to see on the day of our arrival an account on the first page of the daily press of the public baptism of twelve Mohammedans. Afterwards we learned that these were villagers who had accepted Christian teaching and joined the Greek Orthodox Church by immersion. A prelate told us there were others preparing for baptism. Apparently the" Law of Apostasy" is no longer in force and no special danger or persecution follows the abandonment of Islam in Rumania. One longed for the occupation of this ripe field by some Evangelical Society, or at least for the opening of work in places like Silistra, Bazargic and Majidiya, now wholly neglected.

To reach Sofia and Philopoppolis we again crossed the Danube at Rustchuk On Sunday it was our privilege to preach in the Methodist Episcopal church in the morning, where the genial pastor Mr. Zapkoff is in charge of an important work. In the evening there was a crowded union meeting in the Congregational church. After an SOMEl. GYP SY MOH<AMMEDANS AT SOFIA. BULGARIA

address on Islam, opportunity was given for questions. They were not all easily answered, but were proof of a growing and intelligent interest of these earnest Christians in their Moslem neighbors. The next day we visited a Gypsy village of which there are many in Bulgaria. Some of the thousands of this wandering race belong to the Orthodox Church, but more are Mohammedans. They belong economically and intellectually to the lower strata of society. There is no regular mission work done among them. Living in their untidy villages or camps, their lot is pitiful in every way. Yet here too we found a rickety mosque and a woe-begone building that stood near, used as a school. To hear Gypsy boys repeat the Arabic Koran and to see Gypsy girls copying the Ali! Bay on their slates was proof that Islam is trying to win these outcasts.

Sofia is a mission station of the American Board whose activities in the Balkans date back to 1857. The Methodists also have an important work here. The Protestants in Bulgaria have 32 churches, 29 pastors and 14 lay preachers. The president of the United Protestant Church is the Rev. D. N. Fournajieff, pastor of the Sofia Congregational Church. There are schools and a theological institute. The oldest newspaper in Bulgaria is the Zrnitza, organ of the Evangelical Church. The Y. M. C. A. began work at Sofia in 1899 and has fifteen branches in Bulgaria, with a total membership of over one thousand. There is, however, little aggressive work among the Moslem population.

At Philopoppolis we had most interesting contacts with the Moslems. It is a city of mosques, fourteen in all, with an active Moslem press, and it is the educational center for Southern Bulgaria. To our astonishment we found the chief Turkish Mohammedan bookshop and press conducted by an Armenian Christian, Thomas Ismerlijan, who when exiled from Constantinople, where he was a bookseller, undertook this enterprise for a living. In his shop we found on sale five different versions of the Koran in Turkish, and many other books, especially catechisms and lives of Mohammed: a proof that Islam is active here. At a conference of all the Christian workers from the various societies held in the home of Mr. Holway of the American Board, the need and opportunity of work for Moslems were discussed. Some are trying to reach Moslems in the prisons, others have begun work among the Gypsies who are responsive to friendly approach. The great need is literature for Christians about Islam, and literatur.e of the right type for their Moslem neighbors. It was pathetic to meet an aged and learned Christian from Monastir, who brought his manuscript version of the Koran translated into Bulgarian. He had toiled to complete it, furnished it with notes and a fine introduction based on Sale's translation, but was able to print only three small portions. He asked for help to complete this labor of love, and then with a smile of hope, bundled

MOSLEM LIFE IN RUMlAI-nA AND BULGARIA

up his precious manuscript and walked home again. Who will encourage this lonely scrjbe and put funds at the disposal of the Christian Literature Committee to give Moslems better books than the Koran1 'With specially trained workers, the wide use of Christian literature, and the union of all the scattered groups, we believe the Bulgarian Church could speedily win the seven hundred thousand Moslems back to Christ. The Pomaks are really lapsed Christians, prodigals to be welcomed back home.

Just across the borders of Rumania and Bulgaria, there are the eighteen million Mohammedans of Russia; westward there are nearly two million Mohammedans in Albania and Yugo-Slavia. What a challenge to the Church, and what a strategic advantage the present missionary forces in Bulgaria and Rumania would have if they arose to their opportunity! We called on the Mufti in Philopoppolis and found him reading a marked copy of the Turkish New Testament. When asked why he had marked certain passages his reply was, "I ma.rked those places where I foun;d that Christians were not living in accordance w'ith the tca,chings of Jesus the Messiah." One wonders whether he had underscored the last paragraph of the Gospel according to Matthew.

'" After attendanco at the two conferences held at Budapest and Warsaw on missions to the Jews, it was my privilege to spend a. month in vi s iting and studying the needs and opportunities for Christian work among the Mohammedans in Southeastern Europe. S. M. Z.

A GROUP OF MOSLEMS BAPTISED AS CHRIST'IANS AT BUCARE'ST

Ceaseless Inner'

The Essential Missionary Spirit of Christianity BY S. D. ,GORDON Author of "Quiet Talks"

T HE spirit of a ceaseless aggressive urge is the breath and blood of the original Christian Movement. The distinctive message of the movement has the same instinctive insistent quality, deeply imbedded in bone and fibre, a spirit of aggressive ceaseless Go.

And, in distinct addition to these, there is an aggressiveness aroused and intensified by contact with the need, the tragic pathetic need of the world, in which movement and message are enmeshed.

This is the three-fold intensified spirit of urge inherent in the Christian Movement itself, in its message, and through the world's need.

Aggressive means taking the initiative, and doing it vigorously. It is of the very life of the Christian Movement that it takes the initiative. It attacks that which is neither good nor right.

Its aggressive sweep in the beginning stands sharply out. From the purely human point of view the strategy of the Holy Spirit here is simply unmatched and matchless.

It would be expected, of course, and there it is. Let it be said with the utmost reverence. Yet, let it be said, for the human comparison makes us better able to appreciate that strategy.

It may well be doubted if the Pentecost event has ever been fully appreciated, simply now as a bit of strategy.

Look at it afresh. At least five thousand men are involved in that Pentecost group as it quickly grew; not persons, but men, the natural leaders. They are Jews, the most intense racial group. They are from every city center of the earth literally. It is actually a world-wide group.

They are devout men, pilgrims to the Passover Feast. They have witnessed the crucifixion of Christ. Many of them, as many as five hundred at one time, have seen Christ after his resurrection.

They had gone through that untellable experience of the Holy Spirit flooding down, the tongues of flame, the rushing mighty wind, the speaking every common foreign language known, the dominant message of the crucified risen Christ, told with exultant praise.

That experience could never be forgotten, nor gotten over. It burned itself into their very being, scarred itself in, blessedly scarred. It revolutionized every man there.

Now, these men are scattered, scattered literally everywhere over the earth, aflame with the Holy Spirit's presence, and the tremendous fact of a crucified and risenM'essiah.

732 Every city center of the earth heard the story, saw evidence of a supernatural power, felt the power, actually felt the power, clearly a supernatural power. The earth was aflame with the Ohrist story and the Ohrist power.

As a bit of pure strategy the whole thing arouses the profound regard and reverent admiration, and more, of the student of strategy. There is nothing like it anywhere, simply nothing in the same class strategically.

And the inner spirit of it all was that ceaseless urge. It was the. urge of a living flame. It had the incessant move of the Holy Spirit's own presence. And this was the very breath and blood of that early Ohristian move. For intensiveness and rapidity of movement, over a wide area, earthwide, the thing is without parallel.

The distinctive message of the Ohristian Movement had the same tense throbbing pulse beat. It reveals at once its life, the reason of its being.

That message centered wholly in the person of Ohrist; who He was, the tremendous thing He did in dying, the terrific necessity for it, and the ceaseless appeal to men to choose. These four things stand boldly out. And their very daring and boldness made and makes an aggressiveness without parallel or precedent or successor. To these early leaders and their followers Ohrist was the Son of God in a distinctive sense true of no other. The significance of the virgin-birth is simply in this that it reveals at once His distinctive personality, quite apart from all other humans.

To them the central fact of Christ's life was the end of it, the death. It was voluntary. It was distinctly sacrificial for others in the substitute sense. The singular death of this singular personality, with the tre- mendous resurrection event, this was the tense, never absent, heart- throb of their message. The terrible tragedy of sin, man's stubborn opposition to God, was the one thing that made the sacrificial death of this singular Man of vital necessity. The sin score was settled by that singular death, and only so. And every man was urged to choose.

And it becomes of intensest interest in today's strange· cross- currents to mark keenly that this four-fold message they found, not alone in the events occurring then, but, burt rooted deep back in their Jewish Bible. These leaders had an intensive course in Bible study that resur- rection day. The teacher was Ohrist Himself. To the Emmaus couple, and then the larger Jerusalem company, He opened up their old Hebrew Bible. The whole story was, is, there. He had simply done what had been fully plainly foretold. Luke tells explicitly that He went through

every part of their Bible in that intensive course. One recalls with fresh interest the fact that their Hebrew Scriptures, so opened up, are identical in content with our Old Testament.

The Hebrew Bible, variously grouped and classified by Hebrew authorities, was the Pentecostal Bible of the early Church, and is the text reproduced in our Old Testament. Christ and His death explained and illuminated the Hebrew Bible, our Old Testament.

The bold daring of this original message makes one gasp. A .distinctive solitary personality, "the only begotten God," voluntarily dying a singularly sacrificial death for men, and for their sin, and the issue with every man dependent wholly on his imperial right of choice-the thing is daringly tremendous.

It is its daring that makes its aggressiveness. There is a ceaseless inner urge in it that at once caught men, and aroused such opposition.

Then the urgency of the need of men for this Christ message, and for the Christ Himself, intensified the ceaseless urge within both movement· and message. The outside pressed hard on the inside. And this prodding has never ceased, and doesn't.

That urge of the need has greatly broadened in our day. Originally the world's need pressed in on the church group. The thing was simple, thus far.

Now the need for the Christ message, and the Christ, and the Christ power, has grown complex. It is a three-fold need-in the world as then, in the Clmrch itself, and in the missionary groups and fields.

THE UNDERTOW BECOMES A FLOOD The world's outside undertow and suction of early days has become a flood tide in our day, seeping and sweeping insistently inside church circles, as well as outside.

A washed-out, merely cultural message has swamped the sacrincial Christ message, in the Church, and on the foreign field. This is true of the American, the British, and the Continental Ohurch, and on every mission field. There are always fine exceptions. But this is the characteristic thing.

A-recent striking illustration of this is fonnd in the utterances, by tongue and pen, of an American missionary to the Caucasian Orient, during an extended visit to his homeland.

He is clearly a saint, utterly devoted to Ohrist and to his chosen life work, with a passion for winning men, and marked ability. He has been through sacrificial experiences for many tense years.

In his recent utterances, which have attracted wide attention, he tells of a certain radical change of approach to men in presenting the Gospel. This is the striking thing to note.

He makes some confessions. And they are good, partly, at least

THE CEASELESS INNER URGE

two-thirds. He confesses to discarding Western civilrzation as part of his missionary propaganda. What a stroke of genius 1 What a pity he hadn't done it sooner 1 But then he was clear in the lead of the whole missionary movement in doing it. What a sense of freedom that must have been 1 And with that went the distinctively 'Vestern type of Christianity. He tried to shake the Christ, and the Christ message, free of the Western world's scaffolding. What a relief!

But in the shaking process he went a bit far. He shook off the line of defence of the Old Testament, he says. His language is informing. He didn't shake off the Old Testament itself.

It was clearly certain fixed interpretations of the Old Testament that he threw off. And that would be a blessed throw. But the Old Testament, which tTesus opened up and explained on the Emmaus Road, and that same night to the Jerusalem group, the Old Testament which to the Pentecostal Church was all athrob with the crucified risen Messiah-Saviour for men in their sin-he seems not to have had that clearly in his mind.

Then he made a new message, with an omission. It is a wonderfully fine message. There is a positive part to it, and the omission. The positive part is a delight. The omission is the dangerous part.

He delightfully pictures Christ as human, a sympathetic fellowman, a teacher, an example, a leader, the leader. But Christ the Saviour, whose death saves men from sin, and the badness of man's sin that necessitates the one great sacrifice-this is the fatal omission.

Except for indirect phrasing, lost in the great flow of other words, Christ the Saviour is not set forth in his message.

If scantest indirect mention of the leading issue be a practical ignoring of it, and if repetition be the greatest emphasis, then the omission in this man's message glares openly.

It seems to be the unconscious blunder of the head, in the burning desire to win men, and not of a very earnest heart, in the sore stress; but none the less, it is critical, and vital, and fatal.

His changed message bears the relation of fragrance to rose. He uses some of the fragrance but has left out the thorny rose that exudes the fragrance.

Now this particular instance would not be worth so much space were it not for the fact that the thing is systemic, not incidental nor local. It is a symptom of general conditions.

You see clear to the horizon through a thin crack in a fence. You can see the whole field, mission lands and home church, American, British and Continental, in this incident. It strikingly reflects the whole present situation.

This man's utterances are having widest acceptance as a wondrously new putting of the gospel message. It is not new, and it is not

the vital message of the early Church. Its warm welcome shows how accustomed the Church has gotten to such a thinned-out message. And so the present situation reveals a tremendous intensifying of the need for the real Christ message, and the Christ power. The intensified need becomes a fresh prod on that ceaseless inner urge.

And, it is of the very essence of the Christian Movement, and of its distinctive message, that the spirit of love breathe through all, even as the fragrant locust blossoms in the springtime.

It is the love that is gracious and gentle, in voice and pen and personal contact, even while relentlessly intolerant regarding the person of Jesus. It is the love that is always tolerant of persons while incorrigibly intolerant of looseness and errors regarding the Christ, and all that is tied up with Him.

There are three kinds of intolerance. There is the intolerance that makes a creed of tolerating everything regardless, and is utterly intolerant of those who won't.

There is the intolerance of those who believe certain central facts about the person of Jesus, but in a loose, easy-going sort of way, and who fellowship heartily with those denying the facts. It is intolerant of those who won't tolerate practical compromise on es- sentials. And there is the intolerance of love. It is the intolerance of purity toward impurity, of honesty toward rank dishonesty, of chastity toward defilement, of truth toward the lie, of loyalty to the person of Jesus toward all loose teaching about Him.

And there is no intolerance comparable to this. It is gracious in personal touch, but incorrigibly intolerant where Jesus' personality and work are concerned. What is love ~ It can't be defined in words, only in actions. God is love. Jesus was God in human shoes, down on earth, telling us the meaning of love, the tremendous urge of it, in the language of action. Jesus, living our human life, sympathizing, teaching, healing, suffering, dying sacrificially, living again-that is Love. That is God. That is the underlying urge of Christianity.

PRAYING FORTH THE WORKERS W ITHOUT doubt the dearth of workers aetuated with a sacred sense of their vocation is due to lack of prayer on the part of Christians. Let the prayers offered in the pulpit and elsewhere evidence larger obedience to the prayer· command of Christ. Let the missionary prayer·meeting respond more faithfully to the call for intercession. Ask the officers and teachers of the Sunday-school to unite in prayer that the Holy Spirit may separate from among the young those whom God would have one day preach Christ. Exhort parents to pray that their own children may be guided into the work of God's own appointment. Influence earnest young men and women to make the choice of their life work and life field a matter of special prayer until God's win is made clear. Multitudes have been inspired while praying to God for guidanee to give their lives to missionary service at home and abroad.-John R. Mott.

Christian Missions?*

BY P. WHITWELL WILSON, NEW YORK Author of "The Church We Forget,' J etc.

.nA.S. IT seems to me, there is a stock taking today of influences that contribute to or detract from the more abundant life of the race-armies, navies, politics, arts, sciences, industries, colleges, hospitals and amusements-from which survey, searching and even revolutionary, it is impossible to exclude religion-the faith of man in things unseen. .

We are told that the churches have failed. But is that the sum- total of our disillusion1 Have agencies, other than the churches, succeeded1 Everywhere parliaments are disappointing democracy.

In many countries-for instance, Italy, China, and Spain-they have broken down. Has organized labor redeemed society~ Not in Britain, not in Russia, and it may be, not anywhere. Has diplomacy arrived at a, permanent peace 1 Has science foresworn poison gas ¥ Are schools what we hoped they would be¥ Even education arouses pessimism. If then the. churches are on trial, it means that man himself, in all his activities, stands before the judgment seat. He has pursued a happiness which he has not found.

It is not enough to say, then, that the churches have failed. The further question is whether, if the churches fail, any other agency can fulfil its true task. The Best is offered through the individual to the race. If the Best be despised and rejected of men, is any second best likely to be good enough ¥ By His name, Jehovah is defined as the Great I AM. He is the one Egotism that is supreme, the Mind of minds, the mind that is Love. Of that Word of God, Jesus Christ was the Incarnate-the "Vord made Flesh. He also said, "Without Me, ye can do nothing." Y ears ago, I wrote a little book in which I read the newsaper into the Apocalypse and the Apocalypse into the newspaper. The Vision of St. John the Divine, which we forget, may be symbolic but it is simple. It means that, in Christ, civiliza- tion can be perfected but that, without Christ, even an imperfect civili- !l:ation cannot be sustained.

There are those who argue that the religions of the world are like the colors of a rainbow, all of which are necessary to the blend of illumination that we call light. Why do we try to convert other people to our way of thinking? Surely, we should try first ,to correct the evil in ourselves and should seek the good in others. Christianity, yes; but why the Christian mission1 He who lightly disparages widespread and venerable religions '" Since I have never been a missionary or even a serious student of missions, it is surely a presumption that I should set -out these ideas, though they are invited, in a quarter where so much knowledge, so deep an experience and so willing a self-sacrifice rebuke the ignorance and the senularitles or a Iayman.-P. W. W.

737 2

other than his own, is foolish. But the test must be truth; and in the clarity of truth, it does not appear that the Confucian, the Shinto, the Buddhist, the Hindu, the Moslem, and the Parsee faiths are today offering to mankind or any part of mankind, a salvation, whether it be personal, economic, racial, physical, or spiritual.

Over wide areas, China has expelled the foreigner. But has Zimri peace who slew his missionaries ~ The chaos of China is becoming chronic. It means that the country needs a greater than Confucius.

So with Hinduism. I do not accept Miss Mayo's "Mother India" as a complete picture of the many civilizations of India, but her broad statement that India is enervated by indulgence and disease, with her description of child marriage, of untouchability and of antihygienic rites and assumptions, is enough to dispose of India's mysticism as an adequate motive of well-being.

Has Islam a future~ Even, in Turkey, there is neither Sultan nor Caliph. The very faith that deports Christians from its borders is itself crumbling to a collapse under its own weight.

The hYIlOthesis that, if Christianity ceases to permeate the world, other religions will flourish, is not in accordance with the probabilities. Suspend Christian missions, and over most of this planet there will be no religion at all which is not a menace to science, to health, to womanhood, to education and to a reasonable prosperity. Man will have mutilated his own self by suppressing his soul.

If the! Christian mission were merely an attempt to make others believe as we do, Christ Himself would refuse a subscription. He denounced such attempts to win mere proselytes, and while He numbered the multitude fed and the lepers healed, He never counted converts. To win paradise for one thief, He was ready to die on the very Cross.

Indeed, among His disciples was Simon Zelotes, always described as such, who belonged to a sect other than the Nazarene, nor was the word, Christian, known until the faith reached Antioch, and even there, it was a label applied to the Cause by the pagan.

Evangelism is thus the offer not of what we see in Christ but of what in Him is more than we see-what we worship-what He is; the love that is larger than our love; the only love that is large enough to embrace the world.

That the Roman Christians evangelized the rest of Europe, or much of it, is thei,r glory. If, however, they made a mistake, it was in attempting to impose the faith as a spiritual empire on lands which, in the end, insisted on seeing Christ with their eyes or not at all.

This is a mistake that Protestant missionaries should be careful ourselves to avoid. In the heart of our Lord, there is room for the sheep that are not of our Occidental fold-Chinese who revere Him in terms of China; Negroes who are sure that He was colored;

1927J WHY CHRISTIAN MISSIONS'

East Indians who hint that he went on pilgrimage to Tibet. To break His Body seems a blasphemy. But His Body was given to be broken.

But the fold, however valuable, is not all. The fold may be a resting place at night for those who sleep, but the flock moves on and on to new pasture. When, therefore, we aim at progress, at liberty, at a pursuit and not a mere enjoyment of happiness, there is but one Shepherd Who is the Way, the Truth anLl the Life. "I am," said Our Lord, "The Light of the World "-not a light among other lights-not a colored ray among the many constituents of lightbut Light itself, universal, penetrating, inclusive. Here is one lesson from the Transfiguration. Moses is to be honored and Elijah is to be honored. So Confucius, Buddha and Mohammed may be honored, but at the end, Jesus alone is to be seen and heard and followed. Others may have been accepted as teachers in the past, but none survive comparison. Whatever of good there has been anywhere is summed up in Him.

This is 110 longer homiletic. It is history. In Jewry, in Greece and in Rome, this is what happened. It is Christ whose direct influence, working through society, has preserved the past and, indeed, rescued it from oblivion. What would be known today of classical art and literature if it had not been for Christian scholarship~ What would have been left of the treasures of King Tut-Ankh-Amen if they had been discovered by Moslems ~ How long would the Taj Mahal have stood serene if the Christian zeal for beauty had not been applied to its preservation~ If you want to study the sacred books whether of China or India, you will find them better arranged in the British MuseuIp than at any Asiatic library in Peking or Benares.

It is quite true that, apart from the Christian faith, man has achieved culture and accumulated wealth. But it is also true that this culture, this wealth has been an evanescent blessing. Successive Babylons, with their "merchandise of gold and silver and precious stones and of pearls and fine linen and bodies and souls of men" have fallen into ruin. If Christ be not the chief cornerstone of society, there is none other.

Wherein lay St. John's distinction between the new Jerusalem and the old Babylon ~ Both cities were described as rich nor did the City of God suggest any return to what has been called a simple life. The fate of Babylon is no warning against the accumulation of good things, but it is a lesson rather that mere accumulation is not enough. Happiness, if it is to persist, must not only be increased, but distributed; and the Gospel of Christ is this distribution of true happiness. "Go ye into all the world and proclaiJn Good News." Whatever helps us, be it a rite like baptism, be it a science like healing, be it a school for teaching, must be offered to everyone else. To

be saved is to share salvation. The Lord's Prayer, is a family prayer; a prayer personal but plural. There is no Christianity that is not missionary-sending, giving, touching, speaking, healing. That is the very essenc~ of the whole faith. Without works, it is dead.

The story of the early Church, told in the Acts, is the story, not of the headquarters staff at Jerusalem, but of the soldiers going over the top into No-Man's-Land. Peter at Joppa, Philip at Samaria, Paul at Damascus, at CfBsarea, at Philippi, at Athens, at Rome. Note the widening yet concentric circles. The foreign missionary work of the Church today is the one unmistakable proof that the Church of our century continues to be Catholic, Apostolic and Christian.

In the cause of Christ, then, we are not conscious of a horizon. He deals with this moment and this man. But He embraces all men at every moment. His Gospel is not the meal which is meal and nothing else. It is the leaven which transforms meal into food. And the leaven must so work on the meal until the whole is leavened. There is no limit that you can set to the love which is the very being of the Eternal.

Christianity is the antithesis to a creeping paralysis. It is an evolutionary resurrection into life and health and joy and hope and peace. What we call piety is man growing in grace. What we call a church is society oVeT'coming sin. In Christ, something is always happening-a word said, an eye opened, a wrong righted, a 'truth discovered, an error abandoned, a sorrow comforted, an enemy reconciled, a home built, a world turned up-side-down. There is a power released and it is a Power which demands its full use.

To abandon missions would be like building a locomotive, filling its tender with coal, kindling fire in the furnac€, getting up steam, and then refusing to let the engine use its power. The pressure in the boiler, which is power, becomes a peril. The real safety lies, not in a valve which leaves the engine standing, but in the lever which allows the engine to move.

It was when the early Church ceased to advance that it began to doubt, to indulge in dissensions and to rend the ancient world on twain. The energy or, if you like to put it so, the fanaticism which found no outlet among the heathen seemed to explode under the stress of an internal combustion. The answer, both to Arius and to Athanasius, was Asia. But Asia was to them no more than an Asia Minor. At Nicea, they fought each other while, at Benares, they might have fought disease and dirt and evil.

After the Reformation, there was to be observed a similar phenomenon. Protestanism was intense but not expansive. And instead of going forth into the world to teach all nations, it concentrated its energies within itself, plunged into dialectics, attempted an impossible uniformity until, in the eighteenth century, there emerged a formalism which had ceased to deal with the needs of society, not

WHY CHRISTIAN MISSIONSf

abroad merely but at home. Among intellectuals, there was declared a reign of reason, and the kingdom over which reason thus reigned, was political corruption, vice, banditry, drunkenness and gambling. A Puritanism that did not include missions flourished in the worst England ever described by the historian.

The upheaval called Methodism did not only change the face of England. While the sinner at home repented, the heathen abroad heard of repentance. Methodism, like Apostolic Ohristianity, was a force that began in the heart and radiated everywhere.

My submission is that, in our own day, we must expect the same rules of history to operate. If our Ohristian faith, whatever be its form, omits the missionary impulse, it will fail to hold Ohristendom itself for the Gospel. 'fhe dissensions in our churches, the prevalence of divorce and crime and suicide, the decadence of the drama and the elaboration of an introspective philosophy are symptoms, everyone of them, which would have been recognized as familiar, by a discerning mind, whether in the fourth or in the eighteenth centuries. For the~e disturbing tendencies, the remedy is, as it always has been, to absorb the whole energies of the Ohurch in the task of carrying the whole Gospel of Ohrist to the whole world.

The way to defend the faith is to apply it. Take the Bible, rapidly becoming a closed book at a loss to the mind of the nation which can be measured by the tabloid newspaper. If the Bible is not read, it is because it is not used. This Book is not an ornament; it is a sword. Kept in its sheath, any sword rusts.

Also, the Bible is not a gift to us alone who happen to live in the United States in the year of Grace, 1927. It is a gift to all people at all stages in their development. Texts in the Bible which have offended our delicate sense of propriety-for instance, the condemnation of witchcraft-become the strong meat of common sense when we face the actualities of wizardry in mid-Africa or the South Seas.

We are asked sometimes what is the proper work of a mission. I suggest that if we would read our Bible, instead of merely talking about the book, we would be left in no doubt as to these matters. The Apostles were sent out by our Lord to preach and teach and heal and baptize; boldly to handle serpents or any deadly thing. It is clear, then, that the mission was spiritual, educational, ecclesiastical, medical and social. If a mission is only spiritual, it does not offer the whole Gospel of Christ. If it is only educational, or ecclesiastical, or medical, or social, it does not offer the whole Gospel of Ohrist. The complete mission must include all these activities. It must declare the Cross of Christ; it must open schools; it must form a church; it must conduct a hospital; it must combat evils like opium and slavery and cannibalism. I do not say that a mission is useless which does not achieve all these tasks. But I do say that Christ is inexhaustible and that His program omits nothing.

When, therefore, some people say that missions should be spirit- ual. while other people say that missions should be social, there is something lacking on both sides. Christ is all and in all. Writing to Corinth, St. Paul tells us what is meant by the missionary churcha body with many members, of which no member has the right to claim that the others are not equally necessary. Apostles-a word which is merely Greek for the Latin word, missionary-prophets or preachers, healers, linguists-all are needed and all equally are ellgaged in the service of the one Master.

For the churches, such a diversity of opportunity is surely a fact of an enormous significance. It means that, in the mission field, there is room for the doctor, the gymnast, the trained nurse, the scholar, the teacher, and the preacher-indeed, all may be useful abroad who would be useful at home. It means that the churches can meet their critics with an unanswerable argument-"You say we have failed. Then go out yourselves and do better." In the apologetic for Christianity, the Foreign Mission is the central argument.

Between the Church and the State, at home and abroad, there is no reason for conflict. The Church leads the way. The State follows. l". mission starts schools and hospitals-why~ Because otherwise there would be no schools or hospitals. If however the State, learning its duty from the mission, begins to establish these institutions, then the mission should not regard the State as a rival but should encourage the State, cooperate with the State and so display the spirit of Our Lord Jesus Christ.

For, after all, the church is entrusted with a task, the essence of which lies beyond the function of any State. If every school and gymnasium and hospital were to be entirely secular, the soul of man would still remain to be healed and sustained by the love of Christ. "Lo, I am with you alway" was what He said, and the Gospel-the spell of God-is His presence as the Companion of the individual. If missions on their social side were to establish in India and China and Africa a state of health, a properity and an enlightenment, equal to or exceeding what we see in the United States or Great Britain, it would still be a fact that Christ would be the Supreme Essential. The United States is today a proof that silver and gold and all that they can purchase of art and science and philosophy are no salvation from sin. Youth and beauty, wealth and genius, are finding it impossible to maintain a standard of marriage and a freedom from crime which were regarded as axiomatic in churches of an earlier day. No reformation, achieved by environment, is effective without the regeneration which is achieved by Grace. As Christ called Peter to Him, and John, and Mary of 1Tagdala, so does He still look through the haze of tendencies and points of view and demands a personal allegiance from the individual. He tells of the good Samaritan only to add, "Go and do thou likewise."

WOMEN LISTENING TO THE GOSPEL AT THE MISS.ON

KUWEIT (KOWEIT), ARAHIA Seventeen Years in the Persian Gulf BY DR. C. S. G. MYLREA, KOWEIT, ARABIA KOWEIT was the last station in the Persian Gulf to be occupied by the American Mission. We had for a long time wanted to enter the place but the Arabs refused to allow any white people to settle there. As the result of a surgical operation performed on the leading man of the town the American Mission received a formal request from the Sheikh of Koweit to go there and begin medical work. That was in 1910. Although the Sheikh and a few of the leading families were friendly, the general attitude of the city was bitterly hostile. The missionaries could not go out without having stones thrown at them, and one of our ladies was actually assaulted by a coolie in the bazaar. In fact it was almost impossible in the early days for ladies to appear in the streets of Koweit.

The first evangelistic missionaries were admitted to Koweit in 1912, while the doctors had been holding the place intermittently since 1911. In 1914 the American hospital was formally opened. By this time educational work of some value had also been started. With the progress of educational and medical work, the opposition of the people which had heretofore been mostly talk now crystallized into definite action. Funds were raised by the Arabs, and an opposition school was built at the cost of somewhere about $30,000.

743

This school was put in charge of a modern young Egyptian from Cairo, who, however, proved to be too modern for the conservative Wahabi leanings of Koweit, and was later on replace__ by an old fashioned type of teacher from Smyrna. This school has since resulted in two more schools being opened in Koweit, so that educational work in Koweit today owes its existence to the example of the American Mission school stinted in 1912.

At about the same time as the opposition school was being built, an opposition hospital was also started, the funds for this also being raised by public subscription. A Turkish doctor was placed in charge of their hospital, but as he turned out to be a drinker, and insisted that everyone should pay fees, as well as being in the opinion of the people a poor doctor, his stay in Koweit only lasted a few months. He was finally sent away by Sheikh Mubarek. A sequel to this was that not long after the departure of the Turkish doctor, the Sheikh presented the greater part of the hospital equipment to the American Mission hospital.

The eyangelistic work in Koweit is in many ways unique, for while all of the stations have dispensary preaching in the hospitals and regular church services to which Arabs are also invited, there is no special service for Moslems at which any large attendance is registered. The missionaries had been in the habit of holding an afternoon service in their Arab house in the heart of the city in the early days before the present missionary residence in the mission eoIT' pound was built. As the missionaries moved out to their new residence, it seemed hopeless to expect Arabs to come to an open modern house situated at the far end of the town. It was therefore decided to attempt to continue the old service in the house in which the doctor and his wife had lived in the first year of their mission work ther~. This service was planned specially for Moslems, it consisted of a simple prayer, lesson and address with three or four hymns at the usual intervals.

This service has now been carried on without a break for twelve years, and during all that time the attendance, men, women, and children, has averaged about 60. On occasion there have been congregations of about 200. These services have not been conducted without opposition, there have been persistent attempts to break up our service, parties of rowdies coming in and by noise and general disturbance have made the preaching of the Gospel extremely difficult. Parties of boys have been encouraged to stand outside in the street and shout. They have even thrown mud over the walls and of course picket everybody who tries to attend. Peaceful picketing! There is no doubt that all those who attended were more or less marked except probably the women, who since they were veiled were not so easy to identify. At first we used to think that the people came merely out of curiosity to hear the organ and to see just what

SEVENTEEN YEARS IN THE PERSIAN GULF

a Christian service was like, and never did our faith anticipate that the interest of the Gospel would continue to hold the people. But they still come, and we are justified in concluding that the people come because they get something.

We still have periods of disturbance, but as the years pass it is becoming more and more easy to preach in perfect comfort. There must be now many thousands of people in Koweit who are familiar with the parables and miracles that constituted so much of Our Lord's teaching, and the Sermon on the Mount has been freely used. In ad- dition to this there is the influence of the daily preaching in the hos- pital dispensaries both to men and to women, and when it is realized that about 25,000 people pass through our dispensaries annually, it will be understood that there is a definite witness for Christ in Koweit. fhere are also the pupils in our school who are under the daily influence of our clergyman and his assistant.

Converts in Koweit, as may be readily imagined, have to go through fire and water. One young fellow who confessed Christ openly in one of our Sunday afternoon services was threatened with death at the hands of his own fa- ther, and had to flee for his life to A YOUNG s~~~~~~ :Jw1V: ~fISSION Basra. He stood the test however and earned for himself the esteem of all who knew him in Basra.

He secured a good position in government service in the chlorination department, and on one occasion risked his life at a time when chlorine gas was escaping in the generating room, and no one else dared to go in there. It is more than likely that this noble act caused his death ultimately. He came of a tuberculous family, the dreaded disease attacked his lungs, and he came back to Koweit only to die.

During his last illness it was extremely difficult for the missionaries to have very much contact with him, and the town says that he died a "Moslem. The missionaries, however, knowing him as well as they did, feel very sure that if in his last hours of weakness he did confess Mohammed and deny Christ, it was under pressure which he was too weak physically to resist.

There was also another convert, a Persian, who came to Koweit to seek out the missionaries. He was a man who had done a lot of thinking and had been influenced first by the Ahmadi type of thought,

and then later by the Bahais, but had rejected them both. He eventu- . ally became a Christian and was bapti'zed in Koweit, but the incessant persecution to which he was subj ected wore him down and finally he left Koweit and returned to Persia. Since then we have lost sight of him. I believe he lives somewhere in Shiraz.

Still another convert is a Sheikh Arab who was baptized several years ago, is on the hospital staff and witnesses a true confession day in and day out. Without any doubt there are many many people in Koweit who in their heart of hearts believe that we have the Light of Light, and we must be patient and wait for God's own time when these hidden flow ers will come to Eght.

It will interest you all lo lenow that there is now in Koweit a very large Persian colony. The ma- jority of these P ersians belong to the coolie class and were attracted to Koweit by the high' rate of wages prevailing there. In addi- tiol! to these there is a growing community of Persian merchants. Altogether there must be at the very least 5,000 P ersians in Ko- weit today, and probably double that number. Our lady doctor has been studying P ersian in addition to Arabic for some time and hopes soon to be able to give the Gospel to her Persian patients in their na- A YOUNG ARAB BOY, WITH LONG HAIR tive language more and more. The Persian language is becoming a necessity to the missionary if he would be properly equipped. Sometimes fully one half of the hos- pital patients consist of Persians who understand little or no Arabic. In our Bible shop which is in the heart of the bazaar, we stock Persian Scriptures as well as Arabic, Turkish, and Hebrew, but as nearly all our Persians are illiterate it is not easy to dispose of Persian Scriptures.

It may be that in Isfahan there are Persians who have learned to know and love the Lord J esus Christ. If some of them could settle in Koweit to devote their lives to their countrymen, there, they could do far more than any foreign missionary can expect to do for some time. In Isfahan they have long since passed through the weary days of persecution and hatred and intolerance, in Koweit we are passing through those very times. Christ's call was to preach the Gospel to every creature-including those in this large Persian colony in Koweit.

and Theopholis *

BY CALVIN K. ST'AUDT, BAGHDAD, IRAK A Member of the United Mission in Mesopotamia M ORE than one hundred children and young people come to our house daily to receive instruction. These children represent different races and religions. They are Arabs and Turks and Assyrians and Armenians and Chaldeans and Indians and Greeks and Jews and Moslems and Protestants and Catholics and Gregorians and Nestorians and Greek Orthodox. These races and religions are antagonistic, and throughout the centuries these people have hated one another. In our school the barrier of hatred is broken down, and these children for the first time learn to love one another.

Mohammed is a Moslem, named for the founder of his religion. Theopholis is a Christian. He was named after that unknown person to whom Luke, the evangelist, dedicated two books in our New Testament.

These boys are about twelve or thirteen years of age, and are thrown together in the same class. Both come from influential families. Mohammed comes to school every day on his bicycle, which is a curiosity to most of the boys in the school. Mohammed is of pure Arab stock, and his ancestors for more than a thousand years, it may be, have been Moslems. Theopholis, on the other hand, is the son of the archdeacon of Julan, a Nestorian bishop, who came to Baghdad with the refugees from Urmia. The family tree would show that Theopholis descended from a people who have been Christians since the third or fourth century of the Christian era. The fact that the father of Theopholis held a high position in the Nestorian Church at once puts him on a level with the social status of l{'ohammed.

Mohammed has the Semitic features, the features of an Arab. His hair and eyes are coal-black, and his skin is somewhat dark, while his physiognomy is like that of the man you meet in the desert. On the other hand, Theopholis has a very fair skin, bright blue eyes, and light hair, indicating that he belongs to the Aryan race.

For a few days after he came to school Mohammed had no book out of which he could recite, and so I asked him to sit in the seat with Theopholis. The religious and racial antagonism showed itself clearly and unmistakably. Mohammed showed no willingness to move into a seat with a Christian, and after he had moved he showed no readiness to look on Theopholis's book. Moslems not only hate Christians, but the fanaticM'oslems also curse them. And there is no natural affinity between an Arab and the Aryan race.

Theopholis seemed to resent this intrusion, and was not too will- * Chri8tian Endeavor Worltf.

747

ing to share his book. It was the Moslem Turks who drove his parents from their happy home in Urmia, and it is the Moslem Persians who prevent their return. Thus these two boys could not help disliking each other when they were first thrown together. They had inherited a racial hatred and a religious antagonism. It was in the blood. Each was brought up in such a way as to look upon the other as unfriendly.

When Mohammed's turn came to recite, Theopholis found an opportunity to give vent to his pent-up feelings. We had the word "forgive," and I asked Mohammed what "forgive" means. He hesitated, and before he could give an answer Theopholis raised his hand, and said, "He can't know."

,Mark the words; it was not, "He doesn't know. " There flashed through my mind the whole history and tragedy of the Near East. I saw in the faces of these two young lads and in their actions an epitome of the land, and it gave me a vision of our missionary work. "He doesn't know" is what we should have expected as an answer from the son of a priest who has been taught the doctrine of forgiveness; but when he said in regard to Mohammed, "He can't know," that told me a story of inherited hatreds.

This happened several weeks ago. Today these bpys are bosom friends. They have learned to like and love each other. The one stands up for the other, and is willing to defend him. The hatred which they had inherited against each other, and that which had been taught them by their elders, are gone. Mohammed has taught Theopholis to ride his bicycle, and Theopholis is the only boy in the school, as far as I have observed, to whom this coveted privilege was extended. The other day, when I wanted to take a picture of Theopholis, he said, "Wait until I fetch my friend," and he called Mohammed.

NOT THE END-THE BEGINNING!

O NE of the Chinese Christian clergy, studying in the United States, writes of the anxiety he feels for his family in China and for the welfare of his American friends through whom he learned to love our Lord. He says: "I am so sorry and in a way as a representative of China in this country feel so ashamed of myself for the unnecessary and almost un· called-for high tide of anti-foreign and anti-Christian uprisings which are sweeping through the central and southern provinces of China. But it is just one more of the innumerable instances of people's knowing not what they do, and today we need your prayerful patience and sympathy and the being with us in spirit in going through the trials and sufferings )f the Church which is Christ's Body in China more than ever. And what a wonderful expression of the glorious faith of Christians it is, as uttered in mlny quarters today, No, it is not the end, but just the beginwing of missions!"

STU[JIDNTS IN THE AMERICAN M,[SSION SCHOOL AT CAIRO, EGYPT

These students include Copt. Moslem. Jew. Syrian. Greek. Italian, Armenian. Sudanese, Indian.

Ara.blan. SUmatran and Siamese A Focal Point for Moslem Seekers Students of Malfl,Y Lands at the E zbekia Mission School BY E. E. ELDER, OAIRO, EGYPT I N THE Ezbekia quarter of the city of Cairo, just across the street fr om Shepheard's Hotel, two American mission schools have been teaching Egyptian boys and girls for just fifty years. On one side of the main thoroughfa r e is the rendezvous of globe-encircling tourists, and on the other side is a girls' school, with an enrollment of 280, and one for boys, with more than 400 in daily attendance. Here the Christian ideals are being interpreted to the dsfng generation of Moslem lands.

The students of the Ezbekia Boys' School are predominately Egyptian. During a half century not only have hundreds and thousands of Copts, Mohammedans, and Protestants been educated here, but in addition many Greeks, Syrians, Armenians, and other nationals of the Near East have been brought into contact with a living interpretation of Christ. Thus the influence of the school has gone far beyond the expectation of its founders and to-day students come from the ends of the Moslem world, from Siam and Malaysia.

Last autumn two Siamese youths, Mohammad and Zacharia, presented themselves for admission as the first representatives of the Far East. When they left home they had no thought of entering a Christian mission school, else they need not have traveled five 149

thousand miles to find one. They were looking for a Moslem school, and reached the Christian school in Cairo by way of Mecca and the Azhar University.

They started on their long trip impelled by the desire to make the pilgrimage to Mecca, as a great religious duty. They took leave of friends and kinsmen, and sailed for Arabia, in company with many other pilgrims. After marching around the sacred Kaaba, kissing the venerated black stone, and performing other rites, they remained in Mecca to study in the mosque school.

Before a year had passed Arabia was in the throes of intertribal warfare. Ibn Saoud and his Arab puritans threatened the peace of Mecca and when the capture of the holy city seemed imminent the Siamese lads left Arabia for Cairo. They entered the Azhar, where the intricacies of the Moslem canon law are expounded and the vagaries and obscurities of the Koran are explained. Algerian and Arab, Turk and Tunisian, Sudanese and Javanese, rub shoulders in this great medieval university of Islam. But this great Moslem university, famed as the center of Islamic thought, was not what Mohammed and Zacharla had expected. To-day young Islam is not as docile and subservient as it once was and students are being stirred to demand a new curriculum. Being dissatisfied with the Azhar, these two Siamese youths looked around for more practical education and finally entered the American mission school. Here, on every hand, they are confronted with new conceptions and new ideals which are transforming their mental and spiritual outlook.

Another interesting student, Mukhtar, comes from Padang, Sumatra, in the Dutch East Indies. He is quick and intelligent and speaks Malay, English and Dutch. After he leaves Egypt, he hopes to go to Turkey and to Europe, to see how the modern world lives, und then to return to serve his country.

Abd al Wahad, the son of a Moslem merchant in Karachi, India, represents that part of Indian Islam which is facing the future. He is receptive to new ideas and finds in Christ's message the solution of many difficult modern world problems. In a Bible class in which are enrolled Christians and Moslems of many shades of opinions, he and a Moslem student of Meccan parentage often prove the most zealous for a thorough application of the principles of Jesus Christ.

Among the graduates of the school at Ezbekia are young men who enter the mission college at Assiut and the American University in Cairo; some have entered Christian work as ministers, teachers and evangelists or are prominent doctors, lawyers, and government em- ployees. The younger generation of Moslems are making enormous strides and one of America's greatest privileges is to share in the work of training and guiding young Moslems to understand Christ and His message and to enter upon lives of higher service.

of Spiritual

BY SADHU SUNDAR SINGH, SABATHU, INDIA YE SHALL know them, not by their roots, but by their fruits- (Matt. 7: 20). A tree never eats its own fruit whether it be good or bad but passes it on, seed and all, for others to eat. If the fruit be bad and useless it is cut down in due time, for so it deserves. But even though destroyed, it leaves bad seed for future generations. A good tree, while it fulfills its Creator's aim by bringing forth good fruit, at the same time leaves behind good seed for coming generations. So a real Christian, by spending life in the service of others, leaves behind a good example and a creative and inspiring influence like the seed of the tree. The man enters into his rest and his works follow him (Rev. 14-: 13). What kind of fruit and seeds are we going to leave behind us and what will we carry with us into the next world ~ The hen may sit on other eggs besides her own but the young ones brought forth are only after their kind. The poisonous tree receives the same air, heat and light as the good one; nevertheless they remain distinct according to their inherent good or evil nature. The fault does not lie with the rains or with the sun which shines the same for both; the defect is in the plant itself.

In the same way the Sun of Righteousness shines equally on all, good or bad, but the result is different. Those who live according to God's will and in His love and light are made blessed and fruitful for ever, while the wicked find the same Sun of Love to be a "consuming fire." (Heb. 12: 29.) When a man kills another man, it is not the revolver that kills but the hand behind the revolver and still more the heart and "will" of the man who used the weapon. If the heart could be changed and made the temple of God, an act of this kind would become impossible. For this reason God reveals Himself to the heart and spirit directly, for God is spirit. If he were to reveal Himself through the physical eye the body would become an intermediary, in which case the revelation would be only indirect. This explains why God reveals Himself physically as with Saint Paul to a very few, but He reveals Himself to most men spiritually-Spirit to spirit. When a man receives this spirtual birth or touch of God then is he made an instrument to save rather than kill. Thus it is that a man by saving others fulfils the purpose of real spiritual life.

There are many who remain in doubt as to the reality of the spiritual life on account of not being able to find complete intellectual satisfaction. But our abiding happiness and bliss does not depend on increase of knowledge and in dispelling of doubts but on living according to the Will of God and obedience. Our knowledge is 751

finite. Therefore there is always room for doubt, for doubt can be . absent only when our knowledge has reached the perfect and infinite state. Hence we should trust our Heavenly Father, who is Love, for every thing, and in whatever condition He may be pleased to put us we should be content and happy. For He knows our needs.

Whatever God discloses of the future is enough. If we were to know more beforehand what is to befall us on earth, it would do us more harm than good. The small trials and difficulties that await us in the struggle of life would appear like a terrifying mountain and would crush us with dismay. How could we endure to have all the ills and pains of life shown to us at once? If all our good prospects were revealed to us we might become careless and indifferent and might think that there is no need of making any effort. The consequence would be we would lose our reward. The goal of man is not merely the attainment of an external reward-an essential part of it consists in the soul acquiring a fitness of character by severe struggle and effort. Without this fitness of character that reward will be no reward, for the soul would be without capacity to enjoy it. For this reason our Lord warned us to hold fast that which we have that no man take the crown from us (Rev. 3: 11).

The silk-worm before putting on garments of silk for itself produces silk for others; they become beautiful only after they have spun the cocoons of silk for others. They even sacrifice their lives and die in producing silk for others. Are we, who are to have the crown of life from God, to do less than the worms in service for our fellow beings 7 There are countries on the earth where there is extreme cold, and others where there is extreme heat. In one place water is freezing and in the other perspiration is falling. The good and the bad also exist in this world simultaneously. In the heart of the wicked there is continuous restlessness and anguish, whereas under the same circumstances, and in spite of outward sufferings, the heart of the child of God becomes a paradise because the Prince of Peace dwells there.

MISSIONS OR O-MISSIONS In mU!SlOnary interest, some give themselves to foreign missions, some to home missions, and a good many to omissions. Among these last, the interest is often zero, as they are naught. Again, there are those who exclaim warmly, "0 missions! Yes they are, 0 so needed!" but the 0 compasses all they do. Would that many at home might turn from being o-missionaries to being go-missionaries. And may those who for sufficient reasons cannot now be go·missionaries, be co·missionaries, "holding the ropes," supporting by prayer those who really venture their lives in missionary service.

A Great African

The Late Dr. James E. Kwegyir Aggrey, Vice Principal of Achimota College, Gold Coast BY H. W. PEE'f, BECKENHAM, KENT DELIGHTFULLY ingenuous, with the charm of a man of genius who retained the true simplicity of a child, a man of rare ability, keenness and education, Dr. James E. Kwegyir Aggrey was a credit to the Negro race, and the work of the Christian missionaries. He did much to help races and nations to understand one another, and to work together. He belonged, not only to one section, but to the world. He was a real black diamond among the treasures of humanity.

The great work of interpreter, reconciler, . mediator, which we hoped Dr. Aggrey would continue and extend, has been brought to a sudden close by the news of his death in New York, on July 30th, after an illness of only one day, due to "Pneumococcus menin- gitis. " JAMES EMMAN KjWEOYIR AGGREY-AN Dr. Aggrey was born in ,Vest AFRICAN CHRISTIAN Africa fifty-one years ago, son of KodwQ K wegyir, a royal linguist, who could trace his family back to the battle of Ghineah in the eleventh century. He was the heir to state and public positions from his father, and inherited five state offices from his mother. He re- ceived his early education at the ,Vesleyan School at Cape Coast Castle, and with little effort could have become a person of considerable importance in his own land. "But, " as he wrote in a letter dated June 14th last, "it is enough for me that it is known that I have such dynasties. On my father's side I prefer to be spokesman for my entire country, 'Africa, my Africa.' On my mother's side I prefer the stool, the golden stool of education. I want all my people, my countrymen, men and women, to be educated in the larger sense in the hand, the heart, and the head, and thus render Africa indispensable in spiritual, intellectual and common civil products to the world."

3 ~3

The story of his journey to America for more education, after he had become a teacher at the Cape Ooast, is well known. In 1896 he accompanied his father to Kumasi on the Prempeh expedition, attached as interpreter to the Royal Telegraph Battalion. "I was present," he wrote, "that Sunday when Canon Taylor Smith (now Bishop) preached his remarkable sermon and I was standing next to the late Prince Christian."

At Salisbury, North Carolina, he followed the trade of compositor, which he had learned in the vVesleyan School, and also reporter. He also studied, and took charge of two rural churches. Here in the social work he began to get close to the social problems of his people. When he left Livingstone College, Salisbury, for Achimota, after twenty-five years in the United States, he possessed twelve degrees, some from Columbia University, New York, including doctorates in theology, literature, philosophy and psychology.

He was invited to join the first Phelps Stokes Educational Commission to West Africa in 1921 and his tact, his insight and his power of interpretation of the African outlook led to another invitation to join the East African Commission two year later. "He was the most valuable man we had with us," said Dr. Thomas Jesse Jones, the chairman. This Commission gave him special opportunities to show his power, not only to interpret the mind of his own race, but to reconcile white and black in areas where prejudice and misunderstanding are too common. Dr. Loram, one of the South African Native Affairs Commissioners, pressed him to become a professor at Fort Hare. Aggrey had virtually accepted when the invitation came to help in the building up of Achimota. "I believed," he said, "that the greater service to Africa would be done by giving an object lesson of what might be done in this great experiment in ",Vest Africa, and so I decided to go as lieutenant to that great man, Alec Fraser."

What his passing will mean for that great institution in Africa none can say. "He will be an irreparable loss," said a high Gold Coast official. "Aggrey was an invaluable interpreter of the African to the white man and of the white man to the African."

"He it was who persuaded me to go to Achimota," the Rev. A. G. Fraser, Principal of the Prince of Wales's College, writes: "Never had a man a more loyal fellow worker, and he was invaluable in the special work he had to do. I have had many good things in life, but one of the best has been to know Aggrey intimately and well." Rev. J. H. Oldham, Secretary of the International Missionary Council, and member of the Colonial Office Education Committee, has called Aggrey "the greatest living African." All who knew him well felt that even such a description was not unjustified.

He was also an apostle of laughter, of the smile which wears

A GREAT AFRICAN CHRISTIAN

down scowls, and the attitude of mind which is the essence of the Sermon on the Mount; while glorying to be an African, he sought to be a bridg'e of understanding between his own and other races.

Above all Dr. Aggrey was a great Christian. "The one thing I am most proud of "he said in his last letter to me, "is my conversion to Christ. God understands me and makes me work harder every day to reach His stand for me, because, wonderful to relate, He has such faith in me. I pray in deep humility that I may never disappoint Him."

An Experiment in African Education BY THE REV. F. W. COBB, M.A.

H ISTORY is being made in the annals of the Gold Coast where, recently, the first all-black university flung open its doors in welcome to the five hundred students who will form the nucleus of an institution of which great things are expected.

In a single generation the lives and outlook of thousands of Africans on the West Coast have been changed as if a magician's wand had passed over the land. To these changes many circumstances have contributed, and foremost amongst these have been the opening up of great territories, a rapid influx of Europeans, and a vast increase in the country's trade.

With the expanding life of the African has not unnaturally come an insistent demand for education, and it is to meet this that the British Government has voted from funds provided by local taxes a sum of £500,000 for founding a college, with an addtional £50,000 annually for its maintenance. In this move of far-reaching importance the Governor of the Gold Coast, Sir Gordon Guggisberg, gave a splendid lead, and the result has been the founding of the Prince of Wales College on the hill of Achimota, overlooking the town of Accra.

On the opening day, Sir Gordon Guggisberg described Achimota as "the main gateway on the highroad of the progress of the Africans." Here in the four square miles of territory given up to the C~llege everything that experience and ingenuity can devise will be introduced to ensure success.

The central aim of this great educational experiment will not be to exploit or to Europeanize the African but to enable him to stand on his feet in the high realms of life. Here he will be taught the essentials of true and worthy leadership of his own people. He will be trained to teach, and to train others to teach, and a similar aim will be centralized in such other industries as engineering, farming and merchandise, while the girls-for Achimota includes both sexes-when they receive practical training in home-

making, besides general education, will be learning how to shape the new homes that will go so far to make a new Africa. Underlying all the college efforts, whether amongst boys or girls, will be the aim to make them worthy Christian citizens.

Sports will occupy an important place at Achimota, and large playing-fields have been laid out where the African boys and girls, besides developing mind and muscle, may learn those qualities of endurance and unsefishness which all true sport should mature.

Achimota is to be the mainspring of a peaceful revolution, not a university merely, but the keystone of a far-seeing government scheme destined ultimately to include colleges, secondary and elementary schools, and kindergartens throughout the length and breadth of the land. These will be staffed by West African teachers all keenly interested in developing a new and higher civilization for the land they love.

Of first importance has been the selection of the leaders. It is no exaggeration to say that the world has been searched in order to find the right men. The Colonial Office chose two principals, black and white; the Rev. A. G. Fraser and Dr. Kwegyir Aggrey.

The white man is known to his friends the world over as "Alec Fraser." A lithe, wiry man, he has been a wonderfully successful leader of youth in circumstances that have tested his powers to the full. Mr. Basil Mathews thus describes him in his arresting little book, "Black Treasure": "Alec ]~raser ….. is in this new adventure in the same spirit that nerved him to struggle through the mud and blood and barbed wire of the Great War. The very breath of his nostrils is to do new things for the freedom of the world in comradeship with other races-it is the spirit that he absorbed as a boy in Scotland, and as a young man watching his father, Sir Andrew Fraser, serving the people of India as Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal; the spirit that he breathed into others in building up a wonderful college for the boys of Asia at Kandy, in Ceylon."

Dr. Aggrey (whose death has just been recorded) has a record as excellent as that of his British colleague. Born on the Gold Coast in a leading family of the Fanti tribe, he was himself a chief, and as a boy went to school near the old slave castle where in past years men or his own tribe were penned in filthy dungeons while waiting for the slave ship to take them to America. Aggrey found his way to America, and there, after a course at Livingstone College, he went on to Columbia University, where he took the highest degree in philosophy. One who knew him well has thus described him: "A cheery African gentleman, consecrated to the service of God and of his own people, who burns with desire to lift them to where they should be." It is a great experiment, which many will watch with sympathetic interest.

A. N . POR1' ER AND HER MEXICAN BAPTIST KI Nl)ERGARTEN

Among the Mexicans in Texas BY JOSEPH MARTIN DAWSON, WACO, TEXAS T HE Mexican population in T exas, which normally numbers about a million, is being considerably augumented by priests and nuns from across the Rio Grande, They are fleeing from the rigors of the enforcement of Mexican religious laws and in consequence there has been started a renaissance of Catholic devotion among the immigrants in Texas.

This little mission was organized in the basement of the First Baptist Church of Waco some years ago by Dr. A. J. Barton, then p astor, now executive head of Southern Baptists at Nashville, Tennessee. Upon the abolition of W aco's restricted vice district, once the notorious center of basest wickedness, North Second Street became the home of the Mexican Bautista Iglesia. One of the largest of th e former houses of ill-fame was purchased by the Mission Boa rd for the ch urch and here the Mission has remained to cleanse the district. "Instead of the thorn shall come up the fir tree, and instead of the briar shall come up the myrtle."

During fifteen years this little mission, four hundred miles from the border, counts evangelism its greatest means of victory. During this period its pastors have baptized more than seven hundred Mexican converts, chiefly adults. This despite the fact that at the present, when the church registers the highest enrollment of its history, many transient members have gone on to other communities to help establish other church es.

These Mexicau Christians, breaking away from Roman Catholicism, are intensely missionary in spirit. Their state conventions are marked by great missionary ardor. When, due to the financial 757

stringency, Dr. C. D. Daniel, the superintendent of Mexican Baptist missions in Texas was withdrawn, the Mexican Baptist pastors earnestly protested and said: "We must have Dr. Daniel with us. He won us to Christ and he has been a father to us in the ministry." One said, "Take ten dollars out of my salary"; others said, "Take five dollars per month out of my salary and apply it to the salary of Dr. DanieL" Thus $150.00 a month was provided for by workers, many of whom were receiving only fifty dollars a month.

If the American pastors and members should meet their challenge, there would be no debt on the Home Mission Board within a few months.

The Waco Mission is presided over by Rev. and Mrs. A. N. Porter, formerly at the head of the Baptist College in Alamogordo, New Mexico. Mrs. Porter conducts a kindergarten and has been able to promote twelve of her pupils recently to the public schools. She also carries on cooking and sewing classes in which she is assisted by young ladies from Baylor University. On Thursday evenings Mr. Porter, assisted by teachers from the public schools, conducts free classes in English, not only for the children but for adults, some of whom are old men, the classes being graded according to the advancement of the pupils.

The midweek prayermeeting in this EttIe Mexican church of 120, notwithstanding the fact that many of the members live miles in the country and have no automobiles to transport them, has. an attendance of over fifty a week. On Sunday at 9: 30 in the morning the Bible School is held and lasts until noon. At 3 0 'clock comes the Sunbeam Band, 30 strong; at 4 o'clock the B. Y. P. U., with 24 young people, and at night the evangelistic preaching service.

The Mexican is much misunderstood. He has no disclosures for the rude. There is resentment against the patronizing and there is vengeance for injustice and cruelty. He is patient, industrious, patriotic, religious. If energized by the illuminating spirit of the Gospel, he is an asset to the world in the present time of need.

A wealthv Mexican from Chihuahua said to me: "Your Christian mission ~chools along the border of Texas are doing more to bring about g'ood will between Mexico and the United States than any other one thing. They have unmeasured possibilities. Keep them going."

RELIGION A NECESSITY, NOT A LUXURY Striking testimony is being given in many quarters to the necessity of religion as a means for holding intad the social structure. Experience shows that irreligion dissolves hnman society. The Jate .Tames Bryce, in his work on South America, wrote: "Both the intenectual life and the ethical standards of conduct in these countries seem to be entirely divorced from religion." The impossibility of making such a situation work has been forced home upon several South American governments. Accordingly, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay are cooperating with the YOUllg Men's Christian Association in the efforts to establish a spiritual basis for life in South America. .Tapallose statesmen have also frankly declared the necessity of religion as a basis of national life.

Churches in

BY FREDERIC S. GOOD)1AN, NEW YORK Secretary of the American Walden sian Aid Society M AY fifteenth was a day of rejoicing for the Waldensian Chris- tian~ ?f Sicily. In the presence of the pastors and evangelists of SICIly, and a crowd of members and visitors, the beautiful new building for the church in Palermo was dedicated. The Moder- ator of the ,'Valdensians, Signor Leger of Home, conducted the serv- ices and the sermon was preached by Signor Fasulo of Catania. A conference on evangelism, and a spiritual retreat, participated in by the officers and workers of Sicily, occupied the two following days.

'1'he church at Palermo has been waitilig patiently for a new building for more than fifteen years. The old property on a growing business street was sold and the new site purchased, but when Italy entered the war all such enlargements had to wait.

The fine day school of over one hundred boys and girls, the Sun- day-school and the other features of a city church, as well as im- portant evangelistic .activities, were maintained amid steadily in- creased difficulties. The church has now one hundred and fifty-five communicant members and added twenty-seven last year. The THE WAJJDENSIAN CHURCH, PALERMO, SICILY church at Catania, with 200 mem- bers, is the only one of the nine organized Waldensian churches in Sicily with a larger membership tli.an that at Palermo.

The beautiful new building, exclusive of lot, cost about $55,000.

The equipment is being provided by special gifts. The organ, de- signed especially for this church, and $1,000 towards the educational equipment are covered by gifts from the New York Branch of the American Waldensian Aid Society. The importance of the completion and dedication of this building, in the capital city of Sicily, can hardly be overestimated. This is the great port city, with a population of 300,000, It is the military, political, commercial, educational and ecclesiastical headquarters of 759

Sicily. Great cathedrals and monuments of earlier civilizations attract many visitors. How fitting that the oldest evangelical church in the world should have here its appropriate house of worship and center of Christian work!

Probably no other part of Italy offers to the Valdensian Church :J more promising field for evangelism and Christian education, than does Sicily. The sad statistics of illiteracy of the island (reported as over seventy per cent), the poor educational facilities in many places, and the gross superstitions of multitudes of the people, have made a !Strong appeal to the Valdensians for more than forty years. Against big odds, and out of their own poverty they have planted missions, built humble churches and started schools. They have now nine organized churches and twenty out-stations, in the island, with a communicant membership of 955, adding 113 last year.

The pastor at Palermo, who is also superintendent of the mission work of Sicily, is Signor Rinaido Malan. He will welcome visitors at the new church and manse, centrally located at Via Spezia, 61, near the beautiful Garibaldi Memorial on Via La I..Jiberta.

The writer has visited all but one of their churches, and has seen the children at work in the day schools. Some of these schools enroll over 400 pupils, three-fourths of whom come from Roman Catholic homes. Every child has daily Bible study, and the children learn to sing with enthusiasm the beautiful Waldensian hymns. Hundreds of the Sicilians thus come within hearing of the evangel in the 'VaIdensian services, and the Gospel is shown again to be "the power of God unto salvation," to all those wherever they live who hear and receive Christ by faith. It is impossible to estimate the silent influence of the faithful testimony, such as was borne about two years ago, by a family that moved from Riesi to Piazza Amerina. The former town is a sulphur mining settlement in the center of Sicily and the latter is the capital of a province in the eastern section of the island. This Christian family began to tell the" Good News" to their neighbors and as a result, inside of a year, ten fathers had confessed Christ, and ten families were ready to form a church. Sicily is ready for an advance step in the preaching of the Christian evangel.

Why Roman Cathollcs Need to Be Evangelized 1. Because multitudes of them are ignorant of the Gospel of Christ as proclaimed in the New Testament.

2. Because their religious leaders do not give them the Gospel or salvation through Christ by raith-but substitute salvation by works.

3·. Because their Church does not encourage them to read the Bible so that they may become intelligent Christians.

4. Because their Church interposes the Virgin Mary and canonized mortals between the suppliant sinner and the Saviour.

5. Because their Church encourages many superstitious beliefs-as in relies, charms, etc.

6. Because many of their priests are ignorant aud immoral and exaet money for bapHsm, marriage, mass and other religious sacrameuts.

7. Because Roman Catholics truly converted to Christ testify to the new life and light, peace and power that have come to them through the evangelical Gospel.

Louis Stevenson and Missions *

BY REV. J. W. BURTON, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA T HERE is little doubt that the first state of Robert Louis Stevenson, in relation to Foreign MissionS', is that of many an uninformed writer today, and the manner in which his point of view was changed is one of the romances of literature. The quiet, persistent pressure of facts completely changed his attitude, and the bohemian "R. L. S.," who has charmed a world with his stories, poems and essays, actually became a Sunday-school teacher in a Samoan mission school, and a supporter of missions' to the day of his death!

"I suppose," he writes, in a paper read before a missionary meeting in Sydney in 1893, "I am in the position of many persons. I had conceived a great prejudice against missions in the South Seas. I had no sooner come there than that prejudice was reduced, and then at last annihilated. Those who deblaterate against missions have only one thing to do, to come and see them on the spot. They will see a great deal of good done, they will see a race being forwarded in many different directions, and, I believe, if they be honest persons, they will cease to complain of mission work and its effects. At the same time, and infallibly in all sublunary matters, they will see a great deal of harm done. I am very glad to think that the new class of missionaries are by no means so radical as their predecessors. I have spoken to many missionaries, and I have pleasure to say that the most intelligent among them are of one opinion, and that the true one. They incline to think that it is beiSt to proceed by little and little, and not by much and much."

It was in the Marquesas Islands that Stevenson first came into touch with the missionary on the spot, and his picture of the Pere Simeon, is one of the finest he has ever drawn. "I had feared to meet a missionary, feared to find the narrowness and the self-sufficiency that deface their publications, that too often disgrace their behaviour." But in Pere Simeon he found man tru1y serving in the Spirit of Christ, whos'e business it was "to smooth the pillows of this dying family of man." ….. .

It was, however, during his long residence in Samoa, where he built himself a beautiful home at Vailima, some four miles from Apia, that he came into the most intimate and sympathetic touch with missionary work, and there the missionaries were among his closest and most valued friends. Of the Rev. W. E. Clarke, a London Missionary Society missionary, he writes: "The excellent Clarke up here almost all day yesterday, a man I esteem and like to the soles * The Miossionary Review of the Methodist Church of Australia. 761

of his boots; I prefer him to anyone in Samoa, and to most people in the world; a real good missionary, with the inestimable advantage of having grown up a layman. Pity they can't all get that!"

Stevenson grew impatient with those easy critics of missions who blame without discrimination the heroic efforts of these comparatively unknown workerS': "Those who have a taste for hearing missions, Catholic or Protestant, decried, must seek their pleasure elsewhere than in my pages. Whether Catholic or Protestant, with all their gross blots, with all their deficiency of candor, of humor, and of commonsense, the missionaries are the best and most useful whites in the Pacific."

In the quality of the converts he rejoices and adds this testimony: "The best specimen of a Christian hero I ever met was one of the native missionaries."

It was' James Chalmers, the pioneer missionary to New Guinea, that captivated Stevenson's imagination and turned him into a heroworshipper. Writing to his mother on board the S. S. Lubeck, between Sydney and Tonga, he says: " We have a very interesting party on board. Messrs. Chalmers and Hunt, of the London Society, and Mr. Brown, of the vVesleyan. Chalmers and Brown are pioneer missionaries, splendid men, with no humbug, plenty of courage, and the love of adventure. I have become a terrible missionaryite of late days: very much interested in their work, errors, and merits. Perhaps it's in the blood, though it has been a little slow in coming out. No, to be sure, I always liked the type. Chalmers, a big, stout, wildish-Iooking man, iron-gray, with big bold black eyes, and a deep straight furrow down each cheek. JEtat forty to forty-five."

Over and over again Chalmers is mentioned in his letters. To his close friend, Sidney Colvin, to whom most of tl1e "Vailima Letters" were written, he says: "I wistl you to get Pioneering in New Guinea, by .T. Chalmers. It's a missionary book, and has less pretentions to be literature than Spurgeon's Sermons. Yet I think even through that, you will see some of the traits of the hero that wrote it; a man that took one fairly by storm for the most attractive, simple, brave, and interesting man in the whole Pacific."

A year later he writes to Professor Baildon: "I could hardly change (life) with any man of my time, unless perhaps it were Gordon or our friend Chalmers: a man I admire for his virtues, love for his faults, and envy for the really Al life he has…… I shall look forward to some record of your time with Chalmers. You can't weary me of that fellow: he is as big as a house and far bigger than any church."

Little wonder then that Stevenson confided to Chalmers himself in a letter written shortly before the latter's death: "But, oh! Tamate! if I had met you when I was a boy and a bachelor, how different my life would have been."

I Am the Immigrant"

BY FREDERWK J. HASKIN I am the immigrant. Since the dawn of creation my restless feet have beaten new paths across the earth. My uneasy bark has tossed on all seas. My wanderlust was born of the craving for more liberty and a better wage for the sweat of my face. I looked towards the United States with eyes kindled by the fire of ambition and heart quickened with new-born hope. I approached its gates with great expectation. I entered in with fine hope. I have shouldered my burden as the American man-of-all- work. I contribute eighty-five per cent of all the labor in the slaugh- tering and meat-packing industries. I do seven-tenths of the bituminous coal mining. I do seventy-eight per cent of all the work in the woolen mills. I contribute nine-tenths of all the labor in the cotton mills. I make nineteen-twentieths of all the clothing. I manufacture more than half the shoes. I build four-fifths of all the furniture. I make half of the collars, cuffs and shirts. I turn out four-fifths of all the leather. I make half the gloves. I refine nearly nineteen-twentieths of the sugar. I make half of the tobacco and cigars. And yet, I am the great American problem. When I pour out my blood on your altar of labor, and lay down my life as a sacrifice to your god of toil, men make no more comment than at the fall of a sparrow. But my brawn is woven into the warp and woof of the fabric of your national being. My children shall be your children and your land shall be my land because my sweat and my blood will cement the foundations of the America of Tomorrow. If I can be fused into the body politic the melting pot will have stood the supreme test.

'" From The Immigrant.

763 BY H. J. SHEETS, BAREILLY, INDIA W HY preach to us illiterate folks ~ We can't understand your message." '['ranslated into plain Anglo-Saxon, this was the Oriental's way of telling us to "move on." Vhy this hostile reception? For a week we had been most cordially received by both Hindus and Moslems, and given a splendid sympathetic hearing.

As we moved on, men in the fields stopped their work to stare at us. When we drew nigh to the next village no children appeared to greet us and the women with fear on their faces beat a hasty retreat. A few men armed with clubs came out.

In tl1is unfriendly atmosphere we began to sing and then to preach. Gradually the people became interested, but still held on to their clubs. More men came-not one without a bludgeon-but the women and children remained conspicuous by their absence.

Songs and addresses finally succeeded in winning their confidence. Then we were told that the day before some men had come in a motor (we were in the missionary motor lorry) and entering a near-by village had kidnapped a child. The report has spread that nine children in all had been captured and carried way. I recalled that a new bridge was being built over the Ganges river and that word had been circulated by the worshipers of Mother Ganges that to placate her for this indigllity sixty children must be sacrificed. These superstitious villagers had taken us for kidnappers.

"Had we been Moslems and not Hindus," they frankly affirmed, "we would first have beaten you and then made inqUiries. In fact had not the Sahib (meaning me) been with you, we would have cudgeled you any way. We were sure that having come in a motor you could have only one purpose. "Vhen we saw you were carrying a box (harmonium) our suspicions were confirmed, for we felt sure you brought it along to stow a child away."

This ·week's evangelistic effort has convinced me that there is a most amazing and gratifying change in the attitude of the Moslems. As a rule they combine the disposition of the wolf and the lion and are never so happy as when attacking or devouring you. Controversial, intolerant, bigoted, they are hard to reach. But though we visited not less than ten villages where only Moslems live and though two of OUr men were tactless and controversial, the Moslems showed a most beautiful spirit of tolerance and receptiveness. The deity of Jesus and other questions came Up for discussion which in the past would have been tantamount to waving a red flag before a bull, but they were discussed in a truly Christian spirit. One young man followed after the rest had gone and told us that for years he had been a reader of the New Testament and asked us to teach him more about Jesus. We hope that he may become a true Christian.

764 ijjJ]M CUdDlf!$" {5 WWsn"'wvU'u",;UW""

By MRS. DAN B. BRUMMITT, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS DR. CAVERT'S BOOK-A PAGEANT (b) Nationalism.

As a textbook for the women of (c) Internationalism. Protestantism we believe that "The Adventure of the Church," by Sam- 4. What should be the goal of the Church' (a) World fellowship. (b) Missions.

uel McCrea Cavert, has no superior. (c) Kingdom of God.

Any woman who has forgotten churc.h 5. Define missions. history will in the study of thIS What do home and foreign fields have volume make a voyage of rediscovery in eommon~ which brings widened horizons and (a) Race questions. reveals new worlds of thought. * (b) World peace. (c) Industrial problems.

In introducing the author, do not CHAPTER II was a lovely, colorful neglect the peautiful paragraph in biblical pageant. Scripture characthe Preface beginning with the words, ters marched in stately procession "Most of all to Miss Twila Lytton." through the early history of Chris- Tell your class that "the discussion, tianity. Costumes were made of chapter by chapter," the" discerning cheap but bright-hued material, coninsight," and the" comradeship" cul- sisting of the long kimono-like underminated not only in a fine book, but garment, the flowing c 0 at s . 0 f also in the lovely wedding of this in- contrasting color, and a long straIght terested twain, on June 28, 1927. piece for the headdress, bound to the head by a cord around the brow and Make a careful outline of CHAPTER low on the back of the head. I in your own notebook; then go before your class with crayon and a Love was the only character who good blackboard. By skillful ques- was not in color. She was clad in tions, lead the students to develop the spotless white. outline. Mine was as follows: The leader was the interlocutor.

1. Do yon believe our Gospel? With a few words, she bound the (a) Do your religious convictions make characters into a harmonious. whole. a difference in your living1 The characters came on the platform (b) Do you believe in the God whom with open Bibles in hand. The order Christ revealed 1 (3,) Does your belief show itself in of the chapter was changed somewhat, service' All classes-all colors-all nations-all cultures ~ but all the material was used.

2. Define fellowship in the Gospel. First came "The Chosen People" (p. (a) Fellowship with God is not apart 48), showing the background of Judaism. from man. She read Psalm 2: 8, 9 and Exodus 23: 22. Cb) Fellowship with man is not apart from God. Second: The Jews become complacent (c) Fellowship knows sin t? b~ :obb.ing (p. 50). Amos 5: 22·24. Amos 3: 2. economically, color dIscnmlnatlOn, Amos 9: 7.

caste, etc. Third: Enlarging views (p. 52). Isaiah 60: 1 to 14.

Fourth: A protest against the narrow- 3. How shall we develop fellowship' ness of the day. Jonah 1: 1 to 5, 14 to 16.

Ca) Brotherhood between capital and Jonah 3: 1 to 4. Jonah 4: 1 to 4.

labor. Fifth . Jesus' idea of man is universal.

(p. 61): "Humanity." .Luke 15: 1 to 15.

* Copies of our outline, printed for use in the Sixth: A protest agamst exelusweness.

various classes, are now !=m. sale for ten cents each (p.68). "Race." John 4: 7 to 15. Luke at the various home mISSIon offices where there 10: 25, 37. arei Methodist headquarters.

765

/Seventh: The motive for Kingdom bUild- of terrol.' in the last of the persecuing (p. 65). "Love." Matt. 22: 35, 40. tions, from 303 to 313 A.. D., when the Scdptures were burned and Matt. 5: 43, 44. Matt. 18: 21, 22. Eighth: God is Universal (p. 59).

"Evangelist." John 4: 20 to 26. Matt. chmches were destroyed. The map 5: 43 to 48. showed no progress of Christianity in this period. Ninth: The result is (p. 71 and 72) " The Missionary.' , Luke 9: 52 to 55.

Luke 9: 57 to 59. Woman No.4 portrayed "The Im- After all characters had tal,en perial Church," with Constantine their places in a semi-circle on the raising a banner on which was a stage, a chord was struck on the piano cross and the words In Hoc Signo and one verse was sung of "0 Zion Vinces ("by this sign conquer") and Haste, Thy Mission High Fulfilling," followed by one verse of "Where told of the founding of Constanti- Cross the Crowded Ways of Life." nople. There was no missionary de- velopment of Christianity on the Many of the women decided that world map.

they would ask their pastors to allow Woman No. 5 interested us with them to use this little pageant in the the story of the old, yet ever new, devotional service which precedes his controversy over the doctrine of the missionary sermon. Trinity and she told of the formation The greatest and most difficult task of the Nicene Creed. She read the of this study was the presentation of earlier form of the Christian creed, the whole history of Christianity. It now known as the Apostles' Creed.

was for this task that the printed out- Woman No.5 pointed out quickly line was prepared for class use. the growth of the monastic spirit, the I suggest that Chapters III and V invasion of Rome by the Goths, Van- be used together. You will need an dals., Saxons and Angles. She closed outline map of the world for this with NOl.'th Africa claimed for Chris- study, and some sheets of colored tianity by Augustine, Bishop of bristol board. I used Hurlbut's Hippo. The leader placed a segment "Short Story 0 f the Christian of color on North Africa and claimed Church" and its divisions into pe- it for Christ..

riods as a basis for my little sketchy Woman No.6 had a tragic assign- history of Christianity in the printed ment. She pictured the rise and outline, placed in the hands of my spread of Mohammedanism. The class. leader placed a large irregular piece Woman No.1 took as her assign- of cardboard on the world map which ment "The Apostolic Church" and brought a gasp of dismay from the told briefly of the birth, life, cruci- class, for lo! most of the early con· fixion, and ascension of Jesus Christ, quests of Christianity were obliterated c los i n g with "The Pentecostal by the growth of Islam.

Church." The leader placed a tiny Woman No. 7 told briefly of the bit of living green over the place Crusades, showing how natural, yet where Palestine showed in the outline how harmful, was the desire to rescue map of the world. the Holy Sepulchre from the hands Woman No_ 2 took "The Expand- of the infidel.

ing Church," and told of the jour- Woman No.8 started the story of neys of Paul, Philip, and Peter, of "The Reformed Church." To her Paul's journeys with Silas and Timo- came the joy of telling about Peter thy. When she had finished, the Waldo, John Wyclif, John Hus, and leader placed in the Mediterranean Savonarola. There was no develop.

area another color, which covered all ment on the world map in this period.

the territory touched by these jour- Woman No. 9 took the period neys. known as "The Reformation" and Woman No. 3 took "The Perse- told of the dpirsecsosv,earyndofthge umnaproiwnedre'r~ cuted Church," telling of the reign the printing

BEST METHODS

compass. Hcr joyous task was to de- camc a mute appeal for an enlarged scribe the courage of Martin Luther, world-wide program.

Zwingli, John Calvin, and John CHAPTER IV. "'rhe Adventure in Knox. No development on the world America" was taught by the use of map. ten questions.

Woman No. 10 briefly suggested 1. In what sense can David Crockett and points in "The Counter Reformation. " She told of the Inquisition in Daniel Boone be considered as missionaries 1 Spain and France, and the founding 2. Trace the influence of the Haystack of the Order of the Jesuits which did meeting in Home and Foreign Missions.

3. What is the idea of Home Mission development in America ¥ missionary work in Mexico, South 4. Has any change taken place in the America, and the Orient. The leader Home Mission task in fifty years ~ placed color over these portions of the map, amid the protestings of the 5. What do you consider the three great class. tasks of Christian America today' Woman No. 11 developed rapidly 6. Is your Board of Missions equal to the "Growth of Puritanism" and the this task f 7. Are the Social Ideals of the Churches practica ble?

8. Is America a Christian Nation'

rise of the historic churches known Why' today as Presbyterian, Congregation- 9. Name a new task you are going to al, and Baptist. She showed the decline of interest, in the beginning of assume. 10. What new word are you going to put in your year's program'

the eighteenth century, which made CHAPTER VI. "The Adventurous the Wesleyan revival necessary. The Task for Our Generation" falls natleader placed a thin line of color urally into subjects for discussion along the Eastern coast of North groups. America, to indicate the location of the thirteen original colonies. An in- 1. New Frontiers for Missionary Pioterested group of women cheered gleefully. neers. 2. Western Civilization VB. Christianity. Woman No. 12 had been asked to 3. My Church in its Practice of Brother- hood.

take from Chapter V, (p. 150) the 4. Prove the Theory of One God. story of William Carey, and the 5. Define the Term "Heathen." leader placed India on the world map. 6. Latest News from China and Mexico.

Woman No. 13 related the story of We believe that every woman went Robert Morrison, (page 154) and the out from the study realizing that leader placed China on the map. "the final and perennial need is for Woman No. 14 briefly told the won- a deeper experience of God, revealed derful stories of Robert Moffat and through Christ, on the part of the David Livingstone, and the continent individual.' , of Africa anneared on the world map. MISS BURTON'S BOOK Woman No. 15 read up on the story of John Williams, (p. 15:7), and The following methods have been the leader placed over the islands of used with success in presenting Miss the South Pacific a large splash of Burton's "New Paths for Old Pur- color. poses," in five summer schools. The Woman No. 16 related the story methods may not be very wonderful, of Guido Verbeck and the going of but they show that if one will give seven mISSIOnaries from America to girls a chance they will make good Japan, and that country was placed use of almost any method. Let the on the world's map. imagination loose and let the young The call of Tibet, Afghanistan, folks get joy out of the book.

Mongolia, Chinese Turkestan, and Your first lesson will be "Tea for Baluchistan was voiced, as were the Five," not Chapter I-though that needs of Arabia, Persia and the Ma- is exactly what it is. Have real tea lay Archipelago. The world map be- and wafers and lemon and "things."

Let the "leading woman" be the hos- Chapter II is "Making a Scrap- tess, entertaining four guests: Eng- book." The scene opens with a group lish women No.1 and 2, and American of girls sitting on the floor and going women No.1 and 2. Let the party through a lot of newspapers and start with pouring tea, which is too magazines. Scissors are used freely strong for the American women, but by the girls and their leader, who just right for the English women. sits at a table before a huge loose- The hostess leads by saying that she leaf scrapbook. A tube of paste and just must talk about the latest meet- a box of candy complete the list of ing of the mission board of which stage accessories.

she is a member and at which every- Let the leader begin with the para- one expressed the opinion that "mis- graph in the lower edge of page 25, sions" are changing. Then follows a It has been said that the recent indusbit of dialogue. trialization of the East constitutes a fresh English woman No.1. "It seems challenge to Christianity the world over.

'extraordinary' (say it as they do, "Now, I am so glad," says the eliding the 'a') that I do not see cow- leader, "to have you girls help me boys and Indians here in your won- find news of this industrial situation derful America. I have not even the world over. Suppose you let me seen anyone who looked like a have what you find about China first, pioneer 1" then Japan, and, lastly, India." America.n woman No.1. "No, you A girl calls out, "Here is somewon't see many cowboys and Indians, thing on silk filatures, that means facexcept in certain sections out West, tories where silk is wound from the but my own parents were what might cocoons, doesn't it? Let me read it." be called pioneers. I was a baby The girl then reads from her newswhen we went to Oklahoma to live." paper a careful digest of the para- (See p 1, speak especially of reciting graph on page 27 which she has pages of Dickens.) prepared and pasted in the newspa- EngUsh woman No.2. "How in- per.

teresting! I'd love to take her to a The leader says that it is just what certain street in my London and she wants, so the article is clipped show her' The Old Curiosity Shop' in and handed to the leader who pastes the traditional spot where Dickens it in her scrapbook.

knew it." Draw upon other material in the English woman No.1. "But do chapter, being careful to make the you really have what you call a home articles short and crisp. Use about mission problem in America?" seven girls, asking each to prepare one "clipping" on some country. Hostess gives the answer, as she Keep the candy box going, use scisdoes in all the items of information sors and paste freely, chat, and have to be brought out, such as: a good time.

1. New occasions teach new duties. Let Chapter III be a meeting of 2. New circumstances of which Christian "The Cosmopolitan Club." In my missions must take notice, such as inter- dependence, the world a whispering gallery, class at Northfield we had a "really truly" Japanese, an Armenian, an the effect of movies, world travel. Italian, a Negro, and a German, with 3. Missionary message of today is our three or four Americans.

entire national life (p. 11). 4. Read from "The Christ of the Indian Road" extracts from Chapter III, "The The contents of this chapter on Great Hindrance." "Christian Missions and Modern In- dustry," were assigned to girls who 5. Today's challenge, the hunger for God, had made careful preparation of the need for education and evangelism to be restated, the doing away with geographi- cal barriers (p. 211), and last, but most "speeches" for the meeting. The important, the appeal of today to the spirit meeting was formally called to order, of sacrifice and heroism. If you will chat, the subject for discussion was stated, and sip tea and be natural, this goes well.

and there followed such excellent For the fine, world-wide, last chapspeeches that not only the Club but ter, let the meeting take the form of the audience cheered each speech. a Resolutions Committee. Let the leader read the preamble and the The leader must say little, of girls the" whereases," which must be course, but she must tie the speeches carefully prepared in advance or together. At Northfield, she was they will be too long. needed to provide a handkerchief for the darling Armenian girl to whom For subject matter, let me suggest: the session became so real that her emotion caused her to extemporise on (a) Appreciation of abilities and talents her real Christian experience, to the of other races. delight of those who heard her. (b) Recognition of the desire for God Chapters IV and V were used as in every human heart. a kind of "free for all" discussion group, on such questions as, "What (c) Forms of worship more important is your motive in doing missionary than church buildings. work among colored races,1" "Name (d) The supreme significance of Jesus Christianity's greatest foe, and don't Christ and the insignificance of denomina· say Mohammedanism." "If you tionalism. were a missionary to China, what would you ask of this group f" (e) Christ greater than Christianity.

(f) Recognition of the natural growing spirit of nationalism.

(g) The change in Christian Missions from leaders and followers to a fellowship in a world-wide task.

PRINOIPLES OF OHRISTIAN STEWARDSHIP 1. The following principles should be recognized by the Christian who would relate himself intelligently to property, income, wages and wealth: (1) God is the Owner of all things. (2) God invites men to subdue the earth and possess it. (3) Under grace, man is a steward to hold and administer his possessions as a sacred trust. (4) God's ownership ought to be acknowledged. (5) Biblical history records and extraordinary history recognize the setting apart of the tenth of the income as that acknowledgment; there is indicated a divine sanction for the practice and the amount. (6) God's ownership and man's stewardship are best evidenced by the s,ystematic application of this portion of income to the advancement of the Kingdom and by the faithful use of the balance of income not set aside. 2. The following methods should be pursued by the Christian who would administer wisely his stewardship of material possessions: (1) Actual or constructive separation of the proportion of income which complies with the foregoing principles. (2) A written pledge in advance for the regular work of the church (local budget and benevolence budget). (3) A weekly payment of the amounts prescribed; offered as an act of worship at a public service, if this is possible; otherwise held until offering may be made. (4) Payments from time to time, out of the portion set aside but not previously pledged, to special causes. (5) Careful, intelligent, personal and prayerful consideration of the uses to be made of the whole of income and wealth; this will require study of the local, national and world-wide program of the Church and of the full stewardship of life itself. (6) Freewill offerings, thank-offerings and gifts.

4

History Test On Moslem

PREPARED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK WHAT IS YOUR S(JORE1 T HE following twenty questions may be used to test your knowledge of missions in Moslem Lands. Grade yourself and your friends by the percentage of correct replies. Twenty correct answers score 100 per cent, ten correct answers 50 per cent, and so on. The answers will be found on page 792, but do not consult them until you have tried to answer the questions. You will be interested to discover your score.

1. Approximately what is the Mohammedan population of the world 1 2. In what two countries of Asia is the population wholly Mohammedan?

3. What countries in Asia have no ,Moslem problem f 4. Which country has the largest Moslem population of any in the world T 5. Where are there nearly 200,000 Moslems for whom no Christian missionary is at work ~ 6. Where is Mohammedanism making its largest advance at the present time? 7. What famous battle checked Moslem advance in Western Europe 1 8. What is the watchword of Islam 1 9. How many times a day and at what hours must a Mohammedan pray 1 10. What is the sacred book of Islam and how does it compare in length with the New Testament? 11. What are the two most sacred centers of the Mohammedan world 1 12. Who was the first Christian missionary to the Moslems? 13. Who was the first, modern missionary to the Moslems? 14. What two great missionaries translated the Bible into Arabic, the sacred language of Islam V 15. What champion bicycle rider of Great Britain and contributor to the Encyclopedia Brittanica founded a mission for Moslems in Arabia? 16. What missionaries, still living, founded the Arabian Mission of the Reformed Church in America? 17. What famous English missionary bishop, after 40 years' work in India, went to Muscat to work for the Moslems of Arabia? 18. What young millionaire alumnus of Yale enlisted for work among the Moslems of China and died at Cairo en route to his. field? 19. Who is said to have been the most distinguished of all Moslem converts in India during the 19th century7 20. What young Syrian, said to have been the first Moslem convert to preach Christ in Arabia, died after 16 months' work under suspicious circumstances that pointed to poisoning1 770

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 E. 22ND STREET, NEW YORK RELIGIOUS WORK AMONG Mexico from the east. In 1804, how- SPANISH-SPEAKING ever, an American peddler entered PEOPLE • the country and the following year SPANISH CONQUESTS IN NEW a hunter, trapper, and trader wan- MEXICO dered by chance into New lIIexico after having become lost in the Rocky When the first Spanish explorers ~[ountains. In 1812 the Santa Fe came to what is now our Southwest, trail was blazed from St. Louis, and they found an Indian civilization al- ten years later it was permanently ready several centuries old. The opened. Over this trail large cara- first Spanish settlement in New Mex- vans passed.

ico was made September 5, ] 598, at Until 1821 New Mexico was under Chamita. Seven years later, in 1605, Spanish control and much of the it was. removed to Santa Fe. There land was held under land grants is- the Spaniards conquered and en- sued by the King of Spain. In 1821 slaved the Pueblo Indians. They de- New Mexico became a province of veloped nunmg, agriculture, and :',lexico and remained such until 1846, grazing, and for three quarters of a when General Kearney marched west, century they prospered. In 1680 the raised the American flag over the Indians revolted, burning ranch Santa Fe plaza, and declared New houses, destroying property, and fi- Mexico a part of the United States.

nally seil':ing the governor's palace at Santa ]'e. The governor and his MEXICANS IN THE UNITED STATES party were forced to leave the coun- There has been much crossing and try in haste. For the next twelve recrossing of the border line through years, or until 1692, the Pueblos were the years, but the last two decades again in control of the land which have been characterized by very they had occupied for centuries and marked increases in Mexicans coming they did their best to wipe out every into the United States ….. vestige of Spanish occupation. They destroyed mines, burned records, pro- No longer can we think of the Mexhibited the use of the Spanish lan- ican and Spanish-speaking people as guage and even destroyed the seeds living only in the Southwest. Whereintroduced by the Spaniards. It was ever sugar beets are raised, as in then that de Vargas returned with Utah, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, an army of 300 Spaniards and 100 North Dakota, Michigan, and Ohio, Indians and once more conquered the .Mexican labor is used. In great incountry ….. dustrial centers such as Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Toledo, Gary, Chicago, The Spaniards brought with them Aurora, Joliet, Detroit, Milwaukee, the traditions and organization of the St. Louis, Kansas City, and Wichita, Roman Catholic Church and at once Mexicans are found in varying numimposed their religion upon the In- bers. The lines of immigration have dians or won them to its standards. reached even the fl.sheries of Alaska. Some are deflected south and east Before the nineteenth century where in cotton-raiRing sections Ne- Americans had not approached New (Ja• yFrso. mS Report of Commission on Religion gro labor has heretofore had no com- towell, Secretary) El Paso Conference petition. In Tampa, Florida, the Mexican and Porto Rican popUlation of religious, social, educational and welfare IS estimated to be fully 30,000. On representatives held December. 1926. to con- ~ider the interests of Mexicans and SDanishsp·eaklng people in the United States.

771

the eastern coast Mexicans form a ter nearly three quarters of a century minor part of an increasing Spanish- of effort we have a Protestant church speaking population principally from membership of 2,790 as compared the West Indies. In New York this with an estimated Spanish population lS especially true. of 225,000. In the past we have been inclined to be very critical of the Some effort is being made to pro- Roman Catholic Church and there are vide religious leadership and help. many things in its history in New There are at least four or five Span- Mexico of which it would be difficult ish-speaking churches in New York, to be proud. However, there is in- 'ohree or four in Chicago and in De- creasing evidence that the ministry of troit. At Gary work is also being the Catholic Church is an important done. It is safe to say, however, that factor in the moral and religious welin most cases there is a woeful lack fare of the state. Standards of work of equipment and leaders ….. The have been improving and workers in magnitude of these countrywide op- charge seem to be more carefully seportunities presents a new challenge lected than they have been at certain to the religious forces of America …. times in the past.

WORK IN NEW MEXICO In the rural places the service of the Catholic Church is limited but the The first Protestant missionary people are loyal. In northeastern came tD New Mexico in 1850 under New Mexico the situation is complithe Methodist Episcopal Church, but cated by the Penitente organizations work was not opened in the Spanish whieh flourish there whose moru,dos language until 1853 …… Very little and crosses dot the country-side. definite progress was made in Methodist work before 1870. Other de- Protestantism has not succeeded in nominations may have entered the building strong Protestant churches field shortly after 1850, but the rec- in New Mexico, but that it has made ord of such entry is not available at an important contribution to the this writing. The Presbyterian building of a state, no one can deny. Church, U. S. A. in 1866 definitely In numerous communities the outestablished work there. The North- standing leaders are products of its ern Baptists commenced work among schools and in our churches. Spanish-speaking people of New Mexico about the same time; this was The language problem has probably later turned over to the Southern complicated work in New Mexico a Baptists. The Congregational Church little more than elsewhere. Spanish entered the field in 1879, the United is the native tongue although it should Brethren in 1912, arid the Methodist be noted that owing to isolation the Episcopal Church, South, in 1917. language is not the Spanish of Mex- ico ….. It was not until 1891 that a An interdenominational study of public school system was established the Spanish work in New Mexico re- in the territory ….. Within recent ports 47 churches: Presbyterian, U. years the New Mexico public school S. A., 21; Methodist Episcopal, 12; system has made rapid advances …. Congregational, 5; Methodist Epis- In the larger places pupils in the copal, South, 8; United Brethren, 4. public schools almost automatically acquire English through mingling The Roman Catholic Ohurch is with individuals who speak English dominant and there is evidence that and through their work in the classthe qnality of its ministry is steadily room ….. Now that boys and girls of improving, particularly in its chief both groups mingle together freely in center, Santa Fe ….. Possibly in no public schools and are mastering part of the United States is the in- English, so that language is no longer fluence of that church relatively a barrier, the question is raised as to greater than among the Spanish- whether we should continue separa· speaking people of New Mexico. Af-

1:927J WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

tion of the two groups in our churches, taken into consideration in the study whether we can afford to maintain a of the whole question of self-support. division which the public school does The general average would indicate not, and which is not observed in the that 50% are in comfortable circum- Catholic Church, in politics or in stances, 25% poor, 25% destitute. business. This. brings us to the ever important question as to the correct "In spite of large efforts made by attitude of Anglo-American churches county, city, and state health boards, toward specialized groups m their in spite of efficient work of clinics communities. which are often features of our com- munity and church work, in spite of Spanish-Americans have the same instructions in sanitation and hylegal standing as Anglo-Americans. giene, health conditions among Mexi- .Many highest state offices have been cans in Southern California are deheld and are held by Spanish-speak- plorable ….. In some localities the ing Americans. It seems to be pos- rate of infant mortality among Mexisible to have representatives of the cans is as high as 25%. The poor two groups in the same legislative health conditions are due to malnutribody, same office or store, same ath- tion, because of insufficient wages to letic teams, same rooms in grammar support large families, ignorance, and high schools and in universities. crowding, and immorality. The dis- With the language difficulty disap- eases to which Mexicans seem to be pearing for the younger generation, particularly susceptible are tubercuwith tbe example of other groups to losis, trachoma, and venereal diseases. encourage us, we are more and more Of course, during the winter when perplexed to discover why our Anglo- the usual run is on of whooping American churches, so-called, should cough, scarlet fever, diphtheria, not assume .larger responsibility for mumps, measles and smallpox, Mexi- Spanish-Americans in their respec- cans are very much larger sufferers tive communities. In some cases it than are Americans …… " will doubtless be desirable to employ special workers who have at least a It seems to be the consensus of conversational knowledge of Spanish, opinion that it is wiser to have two but we are facing the question as to enterprises: the settlement house and whether some adjustment of program the church, under separate managein certain communities along a ment but working cooperatively. broader, more comprehensive, and more unified basis should not take Poor physical equipment seems to place. be the biggest handicap of most of the fields ….. Roman Catholics are IN CALIFORNIA accustomed to worship in cathedrals, while Protestant worship invites them The largest l'IIexican center in the to huts ….. . state is Los Angeles with a Mexican population which is estimated from Mexicans are great personal 75,000 to 125,{)00 ….. . workers, and very probably the re- sponse which a pastor receives to his "Mexicans served by our Protes- public appeal has been fostered by tant evangelical churches in Southern personal work on the part of mem- California are engaged for the most bers of his church. Practically all of part in work on fruit and nut the churches indicate that there has ranches, construction work upon rail- been a decided advance during the roads, street car lines, sewers, and as past five years. laborers in railroad shops and factories. From 30 to 40% seems to be I love to think that God appoints migratory. Destitution among fam- My portion, day by day; ilies served by our churches ranges from 20 to 40% . This very large Events of life are in His hand, figure is an important index to be And I would only say: "Appoint them in Thine own good time, And in Thine Own best way!" A. L. WARING. EDITED BY MISS A:MY G. LEWIS, NJ<.'W YORK THE NEXT ANNUAL MEETINGS extent of the indirect influence of Christianity among the people of this The next Annual Meeting of the country. . . . .. The Christians are Federation of Woman's Boards of numerically a small body but for Foreign Missions will be held January every family that numbers professed 6' to 10, 1928. The theme selected Christians, among its members, there by the Program Committee is, "In- are manv who have come in contact _creasing Power for Increasing Obli- with C};ristian work and teaching, gations. " Present-day situations in and, though not adherents of any lands where missions are at work will Christian body, are averse to any be presented by nationals. A frank step that would hamper the liberty facing of the real situation is sought. that Christians value ….. , The epi- sode effectively illustrates the general The Foreign Missions Conference sympathy of the people of Japan, and will be held from January 10 to 13, their legislature, with the Christian 1928. 'l'here will be joint meetings movement …… and the power of a of the Foreign Missions Conference vigorous and educated minority to inand the Federation Tuesday afternoon fluence the course of government." and evening to consider these subjects : The Jerusalem Conference, OPEN-MINDED Union Colleges, Christian Literature and The Home Base. A joint Young One of the prayers being offered by People '8 Session will be held on Sun- those preparing for the Jerusalem day afternoon. Conference is: JAPANESE PEERS AND "That members of the Couuci!, all who take part in the work of preparation, the CHRISTIANITY Mission Boards and the Churches overseas may be given an open and childlike mind, Missionaries in Japan are taking readiness to receive new ideas and willingnew courage for their tasks from the ness to venture forth on untried ways." shelving of the law proposed by the Minister of Education to control all To some it may seem a dangerous relip'ious teaching. The bill was de- prayer likely to lead into unknown cisively beaten in the House of PeerR. and unwise ways. It is interesting to see how open-mindedness and honesty "Christianity found friends in may have other results. Stanley many unexpeeted quarten; when this High, author of "The Revolt of bill came before the Diet," writes one Youth" and well-known for his symmissionary. "Many objectionable pathy with national aspirations. withfeatures were stricken out or modi- in and without the Church, writes in fied. In the Diet there was revealed The Christian Advocate of August 4th in a singular way the intellectual of his experience in India on his rechange that has taken place in Japan. eent :iourney around the world: The debates wrre keen, intelligent, fair, and revealed a knowledge of "There is more than one India …. Christianity and a wish to promote I landed in Bombav with an itinerary its growth that should hearten any rather well mapped out. An India~ doubting Thomas. The bill was finally student helped me to map it ……. . shelved in the House of Peers. " " 'If you want to know India,' he One of the leading Japanese papers said,' divide your time-exclusive of said (in connection with the defeat of the necessary side trips-between the bill) "Among. the factors which Gandhi's Ashram at Ahmedabad and impressed them (the Peers) was the Tagore's school at Shantanekatan.' "

774 After interviews in Bombay with India of the drawing rooms and distinguished members of Municipal student hostels of Bombay_ and Provincial Councils, Indian edi- "I went to the home of Brindaban's tors, bankers" merchants, Mr. High leading Hindu. His house was a sanc- met an Indian of whom he writes: tuary. Above the delicate carving of "This man-an Oxford B.A.-has the stone door there were inscriptions not done much in politics. But wHh from the Vedas. He came out onto a an increasing minority of Indians who little portico above a quiet courtyard have given themselves to social service, he is known and loved for his –an old man, kindly, considerate, good works wherever, in the cities of godlike. For a long time we talked to- India, men, women and little children [!,'ether. He told me of the hours, each are ground out on the wheels of mod- day, which he spent in prayer and of ern industry. the knowledge of God which those hour;; brought him. " 'What and whom have you been seeing?' he asked me when I ap- "Then I recalled the widows in peared at his office for an interview. the temple compound and the temple "I told him in some detail and with children up at the hospital, and it ocmuch satisfaction. He laughed. curred to me that Jesus-who also knew God-had insisted that that "'When will you start in on knowledge would find its final meas- India l' he asked. urement 'inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these.' So " 'What do you mean l' I told my Hindu friend of the things " 'Simply this: that you won't find I had seen and of the stories I had India in Bombay or Calcutta or heard about religion at Brindaban.

Madras, or even at Ahmedabad and " 'That is all true,' he said, 'and Shantanekatan. India doesn't speak much more that you do not know. English or wear shoes, and isn't met But what does that have to do with up with over the tea at four. India religion 1 There is immorality and of the future-the distant future- morality in Hinduism; oppression may be there. But if you are inter- and freedom. But we Hindus are con- cerned with none of these things. Reested in the India of the present, with ligion to us is communion of the soul whom you and I in our lifetime will with God; that and nothing more.' be concerned, get off the asphalt and on to the country roads,. The real "I came to India fed up with the India-and a vastly different place it intolerance of Christianity. I did not is-is in the villages where a mere believe in the sentiments of many of ninety-one of every hundred Indians our missionary messages and in the dwell. ' expressions of many of our mission "In the end I took his, advice and hymns. But away from the wide remade my schedule. Gandhi's Ash- porticoes and quiet classrooms of ram and Tagore's school remained on India's nine per cent I have seen anit, but they were included as side other India-not talked of over the trips. The regular route lay through tea. It is in this India that the misthe small communities, the smaller sionary serves. His message-since it the better. I have visited Mr. Gandhi and have continued to meet the lead- involves unpleasant facts and more en; of political India. But under the unpleasant responsibilities – may guidance of Indians and with their sound intolerant to the New Intelinterpretations I have seen and li~e~tsia. But it is a message of kindly learned many things about the other mllllstry and hope to the ninety-one ninety-one per cent. And most of all, ner cent in India's. population who I have learned how wide and deep live beyond the asphalt where, heavy with ancient fears, is the gulf that extends between them " 'The heathen in his blindness and their life, their India and the Bows down to wood and stone.' 'I

fROM.l1fANY

THE NEAR EAST ary Council to be held in Jerusalem Christ Lifted Up in Turkey next spring. The new secretary has MISSES ETHEL W. PUTNEY written of his work: "The Council and Edith H. Wiley, mission- wish my main work to be that of evanaries of the American Board in Tur- gelism, recruiting and deepening the key, wrote in a recent letter: "Those spiritual life of the indigenous and outside of Turkey who hear of the foreign Christians. The thought of prohibition of religious teaching in getting back again into the foreign our schools, have little idea of the mission field thrills me."

amount of spiritual yearning found, especially among the younger genera- New Church Me_bers in Syria R tion most affected by the social revolu-EV. W. S. NELSON writes of a trip to Birsheen, a mountain tion. They, like the same types of people all over the world, respond in village in Syria which for a year and admiration and reverence to any real a half had not been visited by a misportrayal of the personality and sionary: "That Sunday was one to teaching of Christ. Sometimes even be remembered. Two well-attended their hearts so respond to His teach- services were held, and we had conings, wherever they may have heard tinuous conferences and religious disthem, that they themselves urge the cussion. There were neople present acceptance of the principles which we from five other villages, in all of have been accustomed to consider dis- which there are interested groups of tinctly Christian. For all this, we are inquirers. Four bright young men very grateful and are more than ever came into church membership, and it eager to lift up Christ in word and was a pleasure to hear their eager and life. " intelligent answers to our questions.

Two of these are sons of one of the A Bible Lands Chrbtian Council most important men of the village, I T WAS announced in the Septem- who is unwilling to compromise his ber REVIEW that Robert P. Wilder, worldly leadership by uniting with founder of the Student Volunteer the little Protestant group, though Movement for Foreign Missions, ex- he always attends our services and pects to serve for three years as execu- was present when his sons joined the tive secretary of "the newly formed church. In conversation about the Christian Council of Western Asia building of a church which is much and Northern Africa." The field of this council includes about 85,000,000 needed, I said to him, 'We shall expeople, of whom 6·6,000,000 are Mos- pect you to head the subscription list lems, in Turkey, Syria, Palestine, with a good sum.' He replied with eagerness, 'Believe me, I will.' "

Iraq, Persia, Arabia, Egypt, the Su- 0 dan, Abyssinia, Algiers, Tunis and The Earthquake in Palestine the Balkans. There are Protestant LD Testament allusions to earth- missionary societies at work in this quakes and records of many such area with about 1,600 missionaries. events in more recent days show that Special responsibilities will be given "the little country which is the land to this body in view of the proposed of heart's desire for three religions.

meeting of the International Mission- Christianity, Judaism, and Moham- 776

J927J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

medanism," has suffered frequently to talk and wave his arms about. We in this manner. The earthquake all sat still, and finally the preacher shocks which were felt on July 11th asked him if he was through; and were responsible for casualities num- looking earnestly at bim said, 'Well, bered at 6iOO dead and 3,000 injured. then, what are you going to do with The Christian Century thus sum- Jesus?' The man was so chagrined marizes the damage wrought in the and taken aback, that he sat down Holy Land: without a word. The courtesy and love with which these men were In Jerusalem portions of the Church of treated in our own church, when they the Holy Sepulchre, precious.to Christians were trying to cause trouble, made of all groups, have suffered severely. The other Moslems more in sympathy with Mohammedan Dome of the Rock, the so- us than ever." called Mosque of Omar, will require much repairing. The Zionist academy or univer- Persia Needs Christian Books sity has suffered the loss of one of its principal bnildings and much of its equipment. REV. DWIGHT M. DONALDSON, Other effects of the shock have been felt in of the American Presbyterian various parts of the city and vicinity, es- Mission in lHeshed, Persia, writes of peciaJly at A5n Karim, the traditional home the need ·of Christian literature for of John the Baptist, and at Abu Dis, a town both inquirers and converts: "After back of Bethany, notorious for its bandits thirty or forty thousand copies of in the days of Turkish rule. At Bethlehem Scripture have been discriminatingly the Church of the Nativity has also suffered sold, with the vast amount of short and will need .extensive repairs. In Jericho, sermon preaching that goes with this one of the hotels was completely destroyed. work, it is only logical to expect that And in Nablus, the ancient Shechern, con- there will be men anxious to have persiderable portions of the town have been sonal conferences with some one about wrecked, including, as reports indicate, that what they have read and found interarea in which the Samaritans, the only sur· esting. And those who have newly vivors of that ancient group, had their believed on Jesus Christ, and who are synagogue and their homes. growing in Christian character, often come with special problems and ques- Education for Syrian Girls tions……. The missionary has very few books to choose from. We may FROM the nucleus of a few girl pu- have to wait for the second-generation pils in the early days of the Ameri- Christians to write the best books, but can Presbyterian Mission in Beirut, those eventual best books will be all boarding schools for girls, then day the better if the first-generation parschools, a nurses' training school, and ents have wholesome and stimulating a .iunior college for girls have had reading matter in their homes now." their slow but sure development, until even the doors of the American Uni- Moslem Teacher Accepts Christ versity have been forced to open wide enough to admit the eager women ARECENT conversion reported students. "It is a far cry from those early days," says Miss Ottora Horne, . from Persia is that of a teacher "when education for girls was con- in a Moslem school for boys whose sidered a preposterous scheme by the principal was a blind mullah. He had people of the land, to the present an infection and was brought to the when the university men are forced American hospital. After several to work their hardest to equal the few visits, he became interested in the women in their classes." Saviour and, with the doctor, studied the Gospel. Soon he learned that this Courtesy Disarms a Mullah Saviour was his Saviour too, and ac- cepted Him for himself. He then THE subject discussed at a prayer began to talk to others about his newly meeting- in Tabriz, Persia, was, found Master and to carry gospel por- "What will you do with Christ?" "Just after the preacher finished," writes a missionary, "a mullah rose, and began in a most excited fashion

tions and tract~ to !ti~ fellow teachers would return after having been con- and students. Some became interested verted to other faiths. The matter of and wanted to know more about the the uplift of the' untouchables' is now Gospel, but some went to the blind a prominent question among Hindus mullah and told him that this man of all classes. The lower classes them- was trying to make Christians out of lielves are holding conferences and Moslems. 'l'he blind mullah said, making demands and seeking outlets "You must not go to the American into higher and better things. The hospital any more.' , Nevertheless, newer Hinduism, as represented by the man did not stop going, nor did the Arya Samaj, has adopted several he stop teaching his associates, but Christian methods in its work ….. .

he did lose his position as teacher. Mohammedanism has no paid min- istry, for every man is supposed to be Open Honse in Baghdad a missionary. Lectures are being de- WHEN someone in Baghdad said livered, literature distributed, and in- to Dr. and Mrs. Calvin Staudt, creased activity is very manifest in "Your house is like a khan, people the community."

pass in and out its doors continual- ly, " they felt that they were reaching Some Social Evils of Hinduism A their ideal for their home. Mrs. N ILLUSTRATION of the lengths to which the laws of Hindu social Staudt men~ions among those who, she says, "come in through the wide- orthodoxy. will go is seen in the case open door," members of the Syrian of an aged woman patient in the Visand Jewish communities, the Iraqi nddhananda Marwari Hospital in Calofficials, missionaries from India, cutta, suffering from dropsy, who was Burma, Persia, and Arabia, and trav- expelled from the hospital because her elers from many lands, "But," she son had married a Marwari widow. says, "there is, first of all the large I t is charged that her expulsion from and varied acquaintance through our the hospital in a critical condition reboys. No school in Iraq has such a sulted in her death. variety of races and religions under The Indian Witness, a Christian one roof. Parents, from the janitor paper published in Lucknow, makes of a business house to the sheikh of this incident the occasion for the folone of the big tribes, come here with lowing statements: equal assurance. This relationship is Occasionally we are told that Hinduism but in its infancy. We plan for has produced a mild and gentle people, something much more intimate in the more Christ-like in character than those who profess to be disciples of Jesus. Those who future. " make such statements seem to be acutely INDIA AND SIAM and painfully aware of the social and mo:ral evils existent among Christians, but uncon- Foes of Christianity in India scions of the evils that afflict Hindu society.

OPPOSITION to Christianity on ……,The social reform movement in India has been distinctly slowed-up by numerous the part of Mohammedans and lllldeserved panegyrics on Hinduism and the Hindus was never better organized or time has come for plain speaking about the evils of the Hindu social system (unexmore aggressive than now, according reeded for cruelty in any civilized commuto reports received at the office of nity) such as child marriage, mistreatment the Foreign Missions Conference of widows, untouchability, and denial of from missionaries in the central elementary human rights to outeastes.

provinces of India. "Hinduism has undergone a change, one of the most India Reading the Bible A remarkable in the history of any T THE annual meeting of the British and Foreign Bible Sorf'lil!ion." writes one ~issionarY. "From heinl! simuly a conservative ciety various statements were made force, non-resistant, it has surldenly concerning the increasing interest in become a missionary relig-ion. It now the Bible shown by educated Indians.

opens the doors of caste to those who In the 'l'elugu country there is a

1927J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

zcmindar-, a petty rajah, who has been indeed, and you take it to the poor spending the last two or three years and to the outcaste, but we zemindars in putting the whole of the New . , …. it has not been brought to 'l'estament into Telugu verse. At his us.' "

daughter's wedding he renrinted the Sermon on the Mount on good paper, South Indian Villages Changed and in good print, and presented a T HE Church Missionary Society copy of it to each of his thousands of has recently published a survey of guests. The lectures on the New the mass movements toward Chris- Testament given by Gandhi, at the tianity in those parts of India where it is at work. Bishop Azariah of request of the students, at the Na- Dornakal is quoted as saying that the tional College at Ahmedabad have movement in his South Indian diocreated an unprecedented demand for cese is growing in volume and Testaments in the Gujerati language, strength. The numbers of converts and several pastors in South India have greatly increased: 40,000 people report that young men and old men who have never been near a mission are being prepared for baptism now school have asked them for copies of in an area where five years ago the "the book which contains the Sermon number was 20,000. Whole villages on the Mount," for, they said, "Mr. are being changed because of the transforming power of Christ at work Gandhi has been writing so often in the lives of hundreds and thouabout the Sermon on the Mount, and sands of individuals, And the moveabout the Cross of .Jesus Christ, that ment, which for a long time was we want to have the book which tells confined to the outcastes, is now us these stories.'"

The Mohammedan's Appeal reaching their caste neighbors. Bishop Azariah tells of the baptism in one REY, A. G. COWIE, of the S. P. village of 117 candidates, 100 of G. Mission at Rawalpindi, in the ',,;hom were caste people, and this is Punjab. relates this incident of an sImply an illustration of what is pvangelistic tour: "One dav when happening in many districts. we had halted for our midday meal, a Mohammedanzemindar (land- AGod at Work in the Punjab owner) ;ioined us and asked me the LoTfHtOh eU GUHn i t eMdisPs r eHsabzyetle rBi aenn nMiest t~ usual 'Who? What? Whence? Whither?' I told him that we had come from Rawalpindi to tell the sian in the northern part of India Good News that was written in our recognizes the difficulties of winning Sacred Book. 'Oh ! well,. tell me Moslems to Christ, she is full of hope some,' he said. 'Onr great Good News as she writes: "Tn the past few is that we have a Jl.laster who is alive.' months we have witnessed whole vil- 'Yes. he is alive; I admit that. But, lages wondering at the wonderful love Sahib, Goa is One, is he not? or is which prompted God to give His Son. he more than One? You say that We have seen a Mohammedan boy of there are three Goas. Father, Mother good family confess Jesus Christ and a.na Son. can that be?' 'Khan Sahib,' then go back home and witness for T replied. 'You asked me to tell you Him. We have heard his lovely onr Good News. You never men- mother tell with nride of the wav her tioned anything about having an ar- son preached Christ in his own village p:nment. Our Good News is thi~. that and we have heard her ask us, oh so earnestly. to teach her to uray. Does while Mohammea Sahib is dead. our anyone doubt the miracles of our Lord ,Tesus Christ is alive. and can Lo'rd in His own time on earth or in p:ive strength and life.' These last words were met with a pathetic an- our own? Let such an one come to a peal, that was also an unwittin!!" re- Punjab village and see God work in proof: 'Ah 1 this is Good News these days. We would not have you

think that the barriers are all down ners, pennants, and pictures o~ Dr. or that Mohammedan India is ready and Mrs. Clark. There were about to turn to Christ, or that even great forty speakers on the program. The numbers are ready to accept our Lord roll of the provinces was called, and and Saviour, but we would have you only· three or four out of the total know that we are living in a time number failed to respond. This was when God is working wonders in the because the China Inland Mission and hearts of men and in a time when other agencies were holding meetings, many in these villages are strangely and missionaries from some provinces tenderhearted and hungry." were attending these meetings. Re- ports from the provinces stated the India's OuteDates Transformed number of societies in each and de- scribed the conditions. Among the THAT "many of the caste people resolutions adopted is one that reads: in South India have recently become Christians through the influence The Christian Endeavor organization has of their Christian outcaste servants" proved itself acceptable, adaptable, ani! is stated by those familiar with the indispensable to misslon work in China. At situation. 'In a letter to the Press, this time, when most of the missionaries Bishop Whitehead, formerly of Mad- have been driven from their stations, the ras, draws the attention of British Christians keep up their Bible study with people to what the Christian churches the Christian Endeavor topic.books as have achieved in' India, during the guides. last half-century, among the "depressed" millions. He points out that New Chinese Clergymen whatever effective measures may have been undertaken by the Government MIDSUMMER cablegrams from in behalf of nati';e agricultural la- Bishop Logan H. Roots asked for borers and others, still more has been the return to Hankow of certain misachieved by those whose service is, sionaries now in the United States. first and foremost, designed to spread How the Chinese Church is growing, the Gospel of Christ. He says: in spite of the political situation, is shown in a letter from Bishop Roots, It needs to be borne in mini! that a thou· describing the ordination on Whitsand years of opllression and contemT't has sunday of a group of Chinese, in so degraded the lives of these peonle th"t it which he says: "I have naturally had needs some powerful moral and spiritnal a great deal of hesitation about going force to raise them out of their hopeless ahead with ordinations at this present despair and set them on the path of prog· time. But this class seems to be, all ress. Thev have found this so far in Chris- of them, such good material, and to tianity and in Christianity alone. Thousands be meeting the difficult situations in of them dmin! the last fifty years have such fine spirit, and furthermore the Iouni! a new life in the Gospel of Christ. Standing Committee of this diocese At the present day they are bein! admitted and all my counselors here seem to be into the Chnrch at the date of about three so unanimous in approving this step, thousand a week. that I could not doubt the wisdom of going ahead. I was especially satis- CHINA AND TIBET fied with the statement of Newton Liu, when we were in the midst of a Shangha.i Has a C. E. Convention crisis a few weeks before. He said he hoped he could be ordained even if T HE presence in Shanghai of many in the near future the mission had to missionaries who h a v e been be broken up and the foreigners go forced to leave thf'ir Rtations in the home, for in that case he would reinterior of China has been made the turn to his country home. till his occasion by Rev. Edgar E. Rtrother, fields, and preach the Gospel and adveneral secretary for Christian En- minister the sacraments while making nAavor in China, for a convention. his own living, after the example of The meeting was held in Union the Apostle PauL" Church. Shanghai. which was decorated with Christian Endeavor ban-

NEWS FROM MANY LckNDS

Vows Renewed After Many Years University and is 'now professor of philosophy in Yenching University, ONE of the Chinese pastors in the constitute the committee in charge. Presbyterian Mission in Shan- They are translating articles from tung Province reports that when he Chinese magazines in order to help was preaching in a certain village, the American public realize the "an old man seemed unusuallv thoughtful moderate Chinese point of friendly. He followed me about ail view and the reasons why people in day and in the afternoon insisted that China of patriotic character are in- I go with him to his home and have terested in the overthrow of conservtea. He seemed to have something in atism and selfish militarism and in his heart which he wanted to tell me, the progress of moderate constructive so I went along to his home. We develoDments in their own country. talked a long time, and finally he Cooperating with them are a number said: 'Pastor, you must not think of of former missionaries in China who me as just an ordinary non-Christian are now in the United States. country man. I am a church member.' 'How is that?' I said. 'I have Friends of Chinese Moslems been about here all these years and have never heard of a Christian in T HE Moslem Committee of the Nathis village.' Then he told me his tional Christian Council of China story. He,had been a Christian be- was dissolved last year. Those who fore the Boxer uprising, and during were interested in the evangelization the persecution he was not able to of the Moslems greatly desired to stand, so burned his Bible and pub- carryon the good work of the former licly renounced his religion, and had committee, and therefore formed the never shown any public interest since. "Society of the Friends of the Mos- He had learned the worthlessness of lems in China," of which Rev. C. L. heathen rites, and could not make Pickens is secretary. This society himself return to them, so for these held an important meeting in Shangtwenty-three years had made no pro- hai on May 10th, at which the subfession of religion of any sort. That jects most emphasized were the need day in the market the promises of his of adequate Christian literature for old faith were laid before him again, Mohammedans and the importance of and his heart was touched. He truly arousing interest among Chinese repented and is now 'hot-heartedly' Christians in the evangelization of preaching in his village." their Moslem neighbors. H. D. J. Harding, who has worked in Kansu A Christian Publicity Service Province, in which there are estimated to be 3,000,000 Moslems, and later in T HE North China Council of the Honan, particularly stressed the lack Kung Li Hui (the Congregational of knowledge of Moslem beliefs or Church) has established a translation practices on the part of the Chinese and publicity service which, it is evangelists. "The average Chinese hoped, will be of assistance in ex- preacher, " he said, "is more ignorant changing between American and Chi- and therefore more afraid of the Monese newspapers and magazines the hammedans than the average foreign attitudes of moderation and mutual missionary. " sympathy that are being expressed in both China and America. Wynne A Hunanese Pastor Murdered Fairfield, one of the few white graduates of a colored university (Howard, THE Board of Foreign Missions of in Washington), Miss Rosium, a Chi- the Reformed Church in the nese secretary, and Dr. Lucius Porter, United States has received word of who during his recent furlough in the murder of one of its leading Chi- America was acting head of the De- nese workers, Pastor Chen Djoupartment of Chinese in Columbia Tsing. While he was putting up a

poster calling for respect of mission poverty of the Korean will be appre- property, members of the Farmers' ciated when the cost of a new song Union (communistic and anti-Chris- book is considered. This is seventeen tian) fell upon him and stoned him sen, or eight and a half cents. It was to death. for lack of this sum, combined with a Pastor Chen was a graduate of the passion to sing the praises of God Hunan Theological School and had a with his fellows, that he spent over record for" great improvement" dur- two hundred hours copying the ing the seminary course. He was pos- !'longs. "

sessed of a stentorian voice, rugged eloquence, and an energetic person- Fruit After Many Yea.rs ality. His station was situated at the A LETTER recently received by a foot of "Big Cloud Mountain," and missionary in Japan has been was originally intended to reach the Rummarized as follows in 'l'he Presbymultitudes of pilgrims who annually teria.n Magazine: "When you begin visit the shrines on this sacred moun- to read this letter, please think back tain. He mingled freely with the twenty years ago, when you held mountain people as well as with these weekly meetings for railroad men at pilgrims, and a Christian community Imajo, near Fukui, and try to rememhad been organized under his leader- ber a boy of thirteen among the men. ship. In those meetings the seed of Christ's JAPAN-KOREA teaching fell into my heart, but it was like a fruit of the palm carried to the A Hand-Written Hynmal sea and long buft'eted about till it A BfTLLETIN published by South- reached land and sprouted and grew ern Presbyterian missionaries in into a tree. For twelve years my Korea contains tIle following story: faith put out shoots, till about seven "He was the father of a family of years ago-and I was not baptized three, and himself past his prime till last November. I am a member when he first heard the gospel story. of a little group of about forty, who There was no doubting the sinceiity now have a little church building and of his interest. An educated man, in February became self-supporting. but dissipated, he was without funds A few nights ago I was in one of the or property, and unable to earn meetings in this little Kobe church, more than a bare living for himself and as the hymn 'Sunshine in My and family by teaching a small Ko- Soul' was announced, my thought flew rean school. One of the essentials of back twenty years to the days when I a Korean service is singing. Every- first heard it and you taught it to one must sing-the song book takes the railroad hands at Imajo. I its place alongside the Bible, in fact learned of your present whereabouts, in many instances they are bound to- hence this letter."

gether when printed. This man had no song book, but his determination Apples Increase the Oftering D to sing the songs with the others when EXTER N. LUTZ, Presbyterian missionary in charge of the agrihe attended services, and in his family worship, led him to borrow a book cultural department of Union Chris- from the missionary, which was re- tian College, Pyengyang, Korea, is turned in thirty days. He then ex- doing work that is bearing fruit in hibited his own book, made entirely more senses than one. There has been by his hand, using a brush and a soft a big apple crop, and dozens of prom- blank paper. Fbr thirty days he had inent men are now making consider- labored through nearly the whole of ably more than formerly, thanks to every night, as he painstakingly wrote several hundred apple trees planted out each word of the more than 250 on the hill sides.

songs in the hymn book. The relative Rev. W. N. Blair, D.D., writes of

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

having been present at one station library, as well as the first kinuer- when the annual offering was made to garten in Korea. He was secretary cover the budget. "The first man to the Agricultural Department in the who made a pledge came forward and late Korean Government and, in 1895, said, 'The Lord has prospered me this helped found the Independence Club year by giving me a big apple crop -a Korean political institution. In and as I have promised to give one this year he also became the editor of tenth to Him, I will have to increase the Korea Christian Advocate and my regular Sabbath offering from was co-editor of a secular daily paper.

thirty sen to fifty sen per Sunday.' ]<'rom 1902 to 1914 he was pastor of "The next man said 'I gave fifty the Chong-dong church, and in later sen a Sunday last year and this year years held various positions under the I will be able to give one yen per mission of the Methodist Episcopal Sunday.' And so it went, through Church. During his ministry he bapone of the happiest meetings of this tized nearly four thousand persons kind I have ever witnessed. This, too, and sent out ten young men into the in a year when most of the churches ministry to follow in his footsteps and are so weak financially that helpers carryon .his work.

and pastors are not being paid, and ISLANDS OF THE SEA the people generally are more dis- Schools in the Philippines couraged than I have ever seen them. " RI<JV. E. K. HIGDON, of the Dis- ciples' Mission, acting President of the Manila Union Theological "A Good Man Neyer Dies"

LION K. JUNG, Korean chief of Seminary, states that there are in the the X-Ray department of Sever- Philippine Islands 110 Protestant ance Union Medical College in Seoul, schools with an enrollment of 5,396, pays his own tribute to the late classified as follows: 26 kinder- Charles Morris whom, says The Chris- gartens with 6·00 pupils, 32 primary tian Advocate, many knew as "the ideal missionary, " and then eon- schools with 1,632 pupils, 22 intertinues: mediate schools with 1,065 pupils, 14 secondary schools with 1,722 students, A few days later an old man walked into 3 colleges with 241 students, 2 theomy office and inqnired for Morris Seunkyosa logical schools with 25 students, 5 (missionary). W'hen I told him of Mr. nurses' trainin~ schools with 180 stu- Morris's death, he said surprisedly, "Why dent nurses, and 6 Bible training -how can he dieV" And when I asked schools with 180 students. In addiwhat he meant, he replied, "Morris Seunk- tion to these schools, most of which are in session during the regular yosa told me a good man never dies." Then he related that once he was an inn-keeper by a roadside in the far north. And he school year, there are daily vacation confessed that he was a bad man, sold bad Bible schools for the summer months. Last year there were 146 of them liquor to travelers and stole money from with an enrollment of 6,131. During those who were staying at his inn. But once Morris Seunykosa came to his inn to stop over night and told the inn-keeper the the school year, week-day religious. inwonderful story of the Bible. The old man struction is carried on in many of changed his life and, ever since then, has the provincial capitals and hundreds been a good Christian. Then the old man of high school students take advanconcluded with tears in his eyes, "At least Morris Seunkyosa will never die in my tage of the opportunities offered. heart.' , The total enrollment in the regular A Korean Christian Veteran schools, vacation schools and week- day religious instruction classes is al- PSTOR CHOI PYENG HUN, most 15,000 persons. This does not whom Gerald Bonwick, writing in take into account 1,057 church schools the Korea Mission Field, calls "one which meet on Sundays only, and of the great men of his generation," have an enrollment of 80.156 children opened in 1894 the first free reference and adults. '

Work for Australian Aborigines "raw red savagery, cannibalism and skulls" change to " peace, liberty, T HE Aborigines' Friends Associa- safety, friendliness," writes of his tion has been at work in Australia field today: for over sixty years. Among the methods of work described in its We need more grace, more gifts, more latest annual report are homes and love, more heroism. The earlier missionshelters, ration depots., medical stores, aries dealt with primitive conditions and Christmas cheer, assistance in famine simpler problems; they got into closer periods, and the issuing of portions of touch with the people; their love, and zeal, the Scriptures in the native tongue. and sincerity were in those closer grips The Gospel of Luke in the Aranda more easily recognized. The man who in dialect has been a source of satisfac- the old days traveled· weary miles in a canoe tion to the Association and to the proved, by that act, his devotion in a way natives, but, says Ausiralia,n Chris- he could not do today, hurrying over the tian World, "it is in the educative same space in the comfort of a swift, features of the whole work that re- cabined launch. Similarly with the pioneer ligion is being made real. The loving who, on his knees, washed and dressed the devotion of the nurses at Point Pearce terrible ulcers-the love and spirit of servand Point McLeay, the ministrations ice were patent to all; today he has others of Mr. and Mrs. Kramer and their trained to do those services, he is multiplied native assistants ~ver vast areas of ten times, it may be a hundred times, and Central Australia, the affectionate may .spend his very life-blood in adminiscare and kindness to the native chil- trative detail; but he is removed from close dren here recorded indicate the direc- personal contact with the people, and it tion in which religion is made a takes a greater surge of love to stir the present persuasive power in the lives native heart as the pioneer did. So I say of the native peoples." that we want bigger men and better men to do the work today. News from the Solomon Islands NORTH AMERICA DR. NORTHCOTE DECK, F. R. G. S., who represents, the South Y. M. O. A. Industrial Conference Sea Evangelical Mission, an Australian undenominational society, says THE tenth annual session of the that, in looking back over nineteen Silver Bay Conference on human years of service in the Solomon Is- relations in industry was held from lands, the words that rise to his lips September 1st to 4th, under the ausare. "They shall abundantly utter pices of the Industrial Department of the memory of Thy great goodness." the Y. M. C. A. Among the speakers He continues: and leaders of discussion groups, were representatives from numer(')us com- But it is very difficult to give a fair esti- panies typical of the industry of the mate of the present state of the work in country. Subjects discussed included the Solomons, with its more than 200 en- " American Industry and the World, " tirely Christian villages, its hundreds of "The Scientific Approach to Induskeen, devoted, unpaid native teachers, and trial Relations," "Ideals for Medical its 8,000 converts…. The years of intense Service in Industry," "Improving labor at the Onepusu Bible School are now Industrial Relationships on the Railbearing abundant fruit, and in most of the roads," "Labor's View on Cooperaestablished villages there are reasonably tion, " "From Ellis Island to good teachers, able and keen to give spirit- American Citizenship," "New Reual teaching up to a growing standard_ And sponsibilities of Modern Business," the result seems always to be an increasing "Progress in Eliminating Human appetite for the things of God_ Wastes in Industry," "The Spiritual Dynamic." The Workers Papua Needs Today New England Pastors Confer REV. M_ K. GnJ~WUR, who in his twenty-five years of service in T HE tenth annual pastors' confer- Papua under the Methodist Mission- ence for clergymen of all denomiary Society of Australasia has seen nations in the Connecticut Valley, including western Massachusetts, was held under the auspices of the Pas-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

toral Union of Connecticut and the Recently someone there conceived the Hartford Seminary 'Foundation, Sep- idea that it might be a good thing tember 12th and 13th in Hartranft for these diverse groups to get ac~ Hall, the new recitation building of quainted with each other, and the the Hartford Theological Seminary. result was five "nationality nights." The leader was Rufus M. Jones, Pro- Two pageants were prepared and prefessor of Philosophy at Haverford sented, and Mexicans, Negroes, Fili- College, and well-known author, pinos, Japanese and Blue Triangle whose general theme was" The Deeper girls representing American-born Nature of Man and Man's Experience whites presented vocal and instruof God. " The conference was largely mental music, readings, pageants, and attended, and both the leader's contri- displays of handicrafts. The Japanbution and the discussion periods ese exhibit was especially artistic. On were interesting and challenging as a the Mexican night the principal adpreliminary to the fall work of the dress was given by Carlos V. Ariza; ministry. Mexican consul at Calexico. The musical and dramatic numbers of the New Negro Y. M. O. A. Buildings Negro program, with a local Negro school principal as chairman, were WITH four modern buildings in very effective. The" nationality course of erection, two building nights" were given in the Methodist, campaigns nearing completion, and Baptist and Christian churches and four more in· prospect, the service of a public school building. Although this department of the Y. M. C. A. sponsored by the Federated Mi£- is being greatly expanded. Corner- sionary Council, the large audiences stones for a $225,000 building at included many men and women out- Buffalo, N. Y., and a $175,000 build- side the Federation membership. ing at Atlantic City, N. J., were laid Groups of each race witnessed the; in .June. A building at Dayton, Ohio, programs given by others. to cost $195,000, and one at Montclair, N. J., to cost $150,000 are in Plans for Negro Ohurch Union. ', process of erection. All are expected to be ready in the fall or early winter. T W~ large Negro ~lfethodist church White citizens of Winston-Salem, N. bodIes are plannmg for organic C., have agreed to raise from $150,000 to $200,000 for the erection of a build- union. The African M. E. Church, ing on property purchased by the colored group, who raised $38,000 founded in 1794 in Philadelphia, and instead of the $25,000 which they had pledged. In the recent New York the A. M. E. Zion Church, established City building campaign the Negro citizens raised $86,000 of a $100,000 in 1796 in New York, propose to unite quota, which they expect to complete in due course. It is planned ulti- under the title of the "United Methmately to expend $750,000 in the expansion of property, equipment and odist Episcopal Church," which, it service for colored men and boys in New York City. will be noted, gives no indication of'

"Nationality Nights" a Success race. Meantime, The Christian Re- THE Imperial Valley of California corder, organ of the first of these two is unique in many respects. It is bodies, has proposed a federation ot one of the hottest places in the United States, it is below sea level, its soil all Negro churches, giving a plan in is amazingly productive, and it is inhabited by people of many races. considerable detail. W. L. Hutcherson, 5 of the Y. M. C. A. in Wichita, Kansas thinks that much finer race relation; would be secured if the Negto churches would enter heartily into the"

program of the Federal Council of"

Churches, which has provided them' with a secretary, Dr. George K Haynes. He writes: "

. I w.ould rath.er see. the Negro. Congrega- tlOnahsts exerCIse theIr prerogatives in too' Federal Council, by virtue of being' a eon~

stituent part of the great National Council they did not want to see us or have of Congregationalists, than by virtue of us read the Bible and pray. Some membership in some great super-organiza- time ago Mum-su-kanwuh, an old tion of Negro churches_ The same is true leader of the peyote religion, said, 'I of the Presbyterians, Episcopalians, the don't want to hear from your Book Methodists, etc. This is interraeial coop- or become a Christian because I might eration. get mean like the white people.' An- other one said to me, ' You're just a Negroes at a Chicago Mosque little boy yet, when you get old and wise I '11 listen to you.' Then there ' EV, JOHN VAN ESS, D_D_, of are some who say, 'I don't want to be R the Arabian ~Iission of the Re- a Christian, because all my loved ones are lost and I'd rather go to hell with formed Church in America, recently them tlian be in heaven alone!' On visited a mosque of the Ahmadiya sect the other hand are those that are in- of Islam in Chicago. He reports that terested, who appreciate our coming, it is housed in an ordinary two-story and send us on with words of enflat building, with nothing in outward couragement.' , appearance except that at the front edge of the room is a small green- J apane.se-American Christians painted dome, flanked by two slender and not very tall spires which typify REV. JOHN :111. YAMAZAKI minarets but could not function as writes from Los Angeles that the such. Twenty-nine people were pres- Japanese Christians in California, in- ent that S.unday morning, all of them stead of resenting the passage of the Negroes except two Indians. Dr. Van anti-Japanese laws, rather are in- Ess says that the speeches "were in clined to accept them as a challenge, fact quite crude and entirely lacked are sincerely trying to have their secthe subtleties which characterize con- ond generation become good Ameritroversy: of even an average mullah can citizens, and to prove by them in Arabia." When testimonies were that the Japanese are not such undeinvited, three Chicago Negroes em- sirable and unassimilable people. This phasized the racial grievance and Christian-Americanization work is beclaimed that Christianity is only a ing done very earnestly by various white man's religion. Dr. Van Ess denominations on the Pacific Coast. .continues: In Los Angeles alone there are eleven different churches at work in evangel- At the elose of the testimonies the collee- ization of the Japanese. The Presby- 'tion ,vas taken and the leader announced terian and Congregational Churches 'that prayers would be said, to be followed by have united in building a $100,000 'lee cream (shades of the prophet!). The church for the Japanese; the Meth- ('ompany adjonrned to the npstairs prayer· odists have a $45,000 building, the room whither I followed. The Indian leader Baptists a $40,000 building, the Chris- wearing a turban led the prayers, all facing tians one costing $70,000, the Re- east. Twelve Negro Int'n in two rows with formed Church a $30,000 building. uncovered heads, together with two small The Episcopal Church, while its e- boys, went through the genuflections, re- quipment is small, has the largest 'peating, after the leader, in Arabic the first Sunday-school. word appropriate to each genuflection. The women stood or sat in the back but took no Chinese Girls in California ~urtlter part. HELPING these girls to find suit- Excnses Given by So:me Indians able employment is one of the tasks of their Christian friends. Few ,VARIED experiences fall to the lot opportunities open to the Chinese girl of Robert P. Chaat, as he covers who has had no specialized training. More dangers and temptations beset the large field of the Comanche Mis- :sion in Oklahoma, of the Reformed Church in America. He writes: "Usually the people are willing to stop and listen, but sometimes find excuses for not hearing the Word of life. '~ome have even told us frankly that

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

her way than that of her Occidental porters at home. Workers have been sister. Notwithstanding these handi- thrown into jail, their literature caps, the average girl who steps from burned, and their lives saved only by the sheltering mission home into the miracle. W. C. Townsend writes: outside world of industry succeeds in "Now where mobs formerly gathered making for herself a place and in to kill, sympathetic crowds listen hunkeeping untarnished her good name. grily to the Word of Life. Threaten- The American-born Chinese girl of ing frowns have turned to friendly normal family and surroundings, smiles. The workers are sought out given the same amount of education for explanations from the 'Wonderful and technical training, will easily Book.' When two students from the compete with her Western sister. In Bible Institute returned recently San Francisco a fine high school, pri- from a week-end visit to Nahaula, vately endowed for the training of their eyes beamed with joy, although girls in domestic arts, objected to ad- their faces at once wore a rather puzmitting Chinese girls because their zled expression. They had gone to highly developed technical skill would this town expecting the usual persebring them into too marked competi- cution, but instead had been received tion with the American girl. in a kindly fashion by almost every- one. Then we remembered that LATIN AMERICA 'prayer changes things.' This is the A Ni"81'agua~ Convert's Conrage beginning of great things. All Guate- mala will notice when the Gospel re- DON JUAN FLETES, of Granada, ceives a large entrance into Nahuala Nicaragua, professed his faith in and Ixtahuacan." Christ in February, 1926. A missionary writes of him: "He has been EfFective Work in Porto Rico most liberal in his offerings. Nor has he failed in his testimony as a con- T HE evangelical work in Porto verted man. A short while ago the Rico is carried on by some 300 pasmanager of the freight office here got tors, missionaries and workers, who into a discussion with don Juan, try- represent seven denominations, 200 ing to offend or insult him. He was organized churches, 332 other preachfinally led to confess that don Juan, ing places, 383 Bible schools, and though having been so short a while 138 young people's societies. These in the despised 'religion,' knew a churches have over 13,000 members great deal about it. The man was in good standing. The Bible schools hound to test the believer and finally have over 26,000 members. The told him that his religion demanded church properties, including hos- Qf him to bear all things, 'But,' he pitals, orphanages, schools and day said, 'you know that you would not schools, are valued at $1,834,535. The give me your whip and allow me to fine spirit of cooperation among these thrash you.' The answer of don Juan workers, expressed in the Evangelical was to hand the man the whip and Union, the Union Theological Semiturn his back, ready to receive the nary, and a united board of publicawhipping. But as he did so he was tion, has been emphasized in the REled to say, 'In the name of Jesus VIEW. Mrs. E. M. Irvine-Riviera Christ I receive this punishment,' writes of specific denominations that and the man did not have the courage the Baptists have taken the lead in to use the whip." having self-supporting churches, that the Presbyterian Church has distin- Prayer Answered in Guatemala guished itself in educational and health work, and the per capita giving NAHUALA and Ixtahaucan are of its adherents, and that the Congre- two very primitive Indian towns gationalists "are doing a big work for which workers in the Central from both the health and the educa- American Mission have often asked tional standpoint." for special prayer from their sup-

Church Self-Support in ,Colombia "Wild" and "Tame" Indians T HE Colombia Mission of the Pres- AT THE annual meeting in London byterian Church in the U. S. A. f t of the Heart of Amazonia Misreports that in the schools there has been a general increase in enrollment sion (World Evangelization Crusade), and self-support. There was raised Rev. Gilbert Barclay pointed out that on the field for all purposes during up to the present their workers had the past year about $80,000 (American been engaged in seeking to evangelize gold), which sum is over $23,000 more either the "tame" Indians, or secthan the amount appropriated by the tions of "wild" tribes that had been Board to the Colombia Mission for "pacified." They knew a little of the all purposes, including missionaries' dangers and trials and sufferings that salaries. A missionary writes as fol- had been gone through in relation to lows of one of the methods by which this devoted service, but there yet rethese results have been obtained: mains the larger and more insistent and tremendous problem of getting at A number of church members in Medellin the "ferocious" Indians-those who are tithers. The pastor (a Colombian) be· shoot the white man at sight. No man came enthusiastic, informed himself thor. dare approach these "wild" Indians oughly and then gave a series of sermons except the agents of the Indian Proon the subject. A tithers' league was tection Service, organized under the formed in the church, and this organization auspices and the authority of the undertook to continue the work. This Brazilian Government-men whose campaign has· had to contend against a very courage and resourcefulness are deep·seated misconception and hatred for the marvellous. This is a problem similar system which has been caused by the to that faced by John Williams, practice of the Roman Catholic Church here, Bishop Patteson and Barbrooke in the past, of collecting the tithe from the Grubb. people almost by force. EUROPE An Ex-Monk Accepts Christ Church of England Prayer Book REV. c. A. PATTON, who repre- sents the Evangelical Union of T HE recent statement by a news- South America in Cuzco, Peru, had paper that the Revised Prayer an unexpected visitor one morning in Book has been "the summer's best a Roman Catholic priest, who intro- seller" is one way of expressing theduced himself by saying: "I want to great interest that has been taken in become a Protestant, and would like this subject by Englishmen both withto come and live with you." This in and without the Church of Engman, who since his baptism has been land. The Church Assembly has known as Senor Montano, is a Bo- voted to accept the book, and Parlialivian with some Italian ancestry. In ment is expected to vote on it at its 1920 he entered the Dominican mon- autumn session. Evangelical Chrisastery in Lima, Peru, being then tendom states: seventeen years of age, and spent six years there. His refusal to accept all The emphasis of the controversial partEr the interpretations of his professors of the book is placed on a sacramental view and his occasional discussions of dif- of the Lord's Supper which was rejected by ferent points called forth the warning the Reformers and was never held by any that he must not continue in such but a very few members of the Church of ideas for they would certainly lead England,UJitil the rise -of the Tractarianhim into heresy. He secretly obtained movement. The Anglo·Catholic leaders who and read some evangelical literature support the book declare that it gives them and finally escaped from the monas- all that they have been fighting for during tery. His family has cast him off, the last forty years. I1-nd Mr. Patton has great hopes of his future usefulness as an evangel- Bishop Knox, an Evangelical, wrote ical worker. to the London Times: If the Deposited· Book is accepted by Parliament we shall have to ask ourselves

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

whether we, holding this view, can continue available for those who do not· know membership or ministry in the Church of IJondon, and the promoters are people England. As citizens we shall have to con- who can secure for the guests privi- leges not ordinarily available to sider whether a Church that rests on a tourists. The house is intended for foundation of error should be the National short-period guests in the summer, but will offer accommodation at other Church. seasons to residents from other coun- tries. Detailed information may be On the othe r hand, LquoordtedWboylmThe~r obtained by addressing International supporting the book, is Guest House Secretary, 19 Sydenham Hill, London, S.E. 26". Living Ch1tTCh as saying that, since Churches in Czecho-Slovakia the book has been approved by both T HE. Evangelical Church of Bothe Church Assembly and diocesan hemIan (Czech) Brethren is a union of the Reformed and Lutheran conferences, its rejection by Parlia- Churches which took place after the war. It numbers more than 250,000 ment would lead to the disestablish- adherents and is the remnant of the old Hussite Churches. The congregament of the Church of England. tions, with the exception of one, are found in Bohemia, Moravia and Sil- Two English Churches Unite esia. Besides the Czech Brethren there are in Czecho-Slovakia other ON JUNE 15th a union was con- Protestant denominations: the Con- summated between the Reformed gregationalists, (called now the Unity Episcopal Church and the Free of Czech Brethren), the Biblists, the Church of England. In this union Moravians, and the Methodists, all of the prayers and hopes of many years them founded by special missions were realized. The Free Church of from abroad. They number alto- England was organized in 1845 to gether about 25,000 adherents. All meet the needs of Protestant Evan- these churches are of the Czech nagelical Churchmen. The Reformed tionality. Then there is a German Episcopal Church was established in Lutheran Church (in Silesia) num- England in 1846 as a result of and bering 40,000 adherents. In Slovakia in opposition to the Tractarian Move- and Ruthenia there are the Lutheran ment. The Churches had the same Church, with 370,000 adherents, Tlreform of worship, the same purpose, vailing of Czech-Slovak nationality, and held the same doctrines. An ef- and the R,eformed Church, with 210,- fort was made in 1876 to unite them, 000 adherents, prevailing of Magyar but it was so decisively defeated that nationality. the matter was dropped for many years. The union just brought about Christian Endeavor in Spain was by the unanimous vote of every congregation in both bodies. The title ALTHOUGH the population of of the new Church will be The Free Spain is overwhelmingly Roman Church of England, otherwise called Catholic, and Protestant work is car- The Reformed Episcopal Church in ried on under severe restrictions, the the United Kingdom of Great Britain Christian Endeavor movement is and Ireland. making progress. Mr. Jose Capo, secretary of the Spanish Christian An English International House Endeavor Union, writes that there are about forty societies in the country, AGROUP of leaders representing with a membership of 1,500. He says: various organizations interested "As you probably know, the evanin international fellowship have established, in a pleasant suburb of London within twenty minutes of Westminster, an International Guest House where visitors from all lands will find a welcome. The house stands in several acres of woodlands on high land near the Crystal Palace, making an agreeable retreat after days of sight-seeing in town. Advice will be

gelical Christians here are going These schools have rendered great through trying times. The difficulties services to our country. From them to be overcome by those who wish to came our first statesmen and public testify to the Gospel of Christ have servants. Many mothers in Bulgaria increased owing to restrictions put on have come from them. Throughout religious liberty; but we do not de- their existence they have exercised a spair, for God has not forsaken us. strong moral influence on our national The young people have been En- life. In the development of tolerance, deavorers up to now, but I can confi- honesty, industry, steadfastness, and dently state that they are something of learning we owe much to these more: they understand their respec- schools, which have cultivated the tive churches. Not one group has said Anglo-Saxon virtues in our Bulhauled down the flag; on the con- garian soul." trary, it is worthy of note that from time to time we receive letters asking Soviet Union Census us to form new societies." The Christian Endeavor Union publishes a A CABLE from Moscow, August paper entitled La Hoja del Esforza- . 10th, gives the total population dor. It is at present a quarterly, but of the Soviet Union in round numbers it has proved so helpful that the as 146,200,000, according to a re- Union may publish it monthly in en- port submitted the Council of Peolarged form. pIe's Commissaries by the Central Statistical Department. Russia proper Gel'Dlan Celibate Women Clergy (the R. S. F. S. R.) contains 100,- 500,000 people, Ukraine 28,900,000, AWIR,ELESS message from Ber- White Russia 4,900,000, Caucasus 5,- lin, May 9th, to the New York 800,000, Uzbekistan 5,100,000 and Times reported the decision of the Turkestan 1,000,000. General Synod, according to which women may now enter the clergy in Russian Atheist Admits Defeat the Evangelical Church as long as they remain celibates. The training T HE fact that there has been for the clergy is the same for both enough religious activity in Russia sexes: The women will be assigned as recently to cause anxiety among the teachers to girls' homes and hospitals, members of "the Anti-God Society" homes for the aged and at prisons, was reported in the August REVIEW. and will conduct religious services for Light is thrown on the situation from children and instruct girls' Bible a different angle in a lecture delivered classes. Women clergy will not be by "the Commissioner for Atheism," allowed to perform marriage cere- Jaroslawsky·Gubelman, from which monies, conduct funeral services, bap- the following is quoted: tize, preach or administer sacrament. Their salary will amount to about The fight against religion is becoming three fourths that of male preachers. endless, obstinate, and very ungrateful. According to the statutes of the Communis- American Schools in Bulgaria tic Party, every member has to carryon atheistic propaganda. But no one does it. T HE following tribute has recently Many are eager atheists only in words; been paid to American mission but in their homes one can see a lot of schools by the Church Newspaper, an icons. Women are espeeially very obstinate official organ of the Holy Synod of in their resistance to a healthy atheism. Bulgaria: "These institutions, which have existed for more than half a cen- The churches are renewed, and the clergy tury, came with the American evan- is busy getting means for gilding the domes. gelical missions, and were founded in We cannot ignore the elevation and growing the name of pure Christian morality. strength of our enemy ……. The greatest danger lies in the propagation of the sects. This renewed ' , purified" religion is the most dangerous one. But we have found it impossible to fight the sectarians.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

AFRICA took his stand in front of the AzhaJ! University (the intellectual center of Hospital Overcomes Hostilit.,- Islam) and handed the bills to the sheikhs as they went in and came out.' THE hospital conducted by the At the first meeting, out of an audi- Egypt General Mission at Shebin- ence of ninety persons, sixty were el-Kanater is a center of Christian in- sheikhs. fluence in many near-by villages. H. Frank Rose, M.D., writes of one such African Funeral Transformed village, where three of the Mission's Egyptian evangelists were bitterly A GONTRIBlTTION from an unopposed, on their first visit, by a usual source carne recently to group of Moslem sheikhs. He says: Rev. G. C. Beanland, of Yaounde, "We have visited that village fonr West Africa. One of the evangelists. times, and each time have been greatly encouraged by the responsive hearings a. of the mission is in a town where "the' granted. Further, it is my custom, when interviewing patients who are mother of the headman has been discharged, to mark an asterisk in my member of the Christian Church. She visiting book opDosite the names of died and when they went to bury her'; those who have shown special intelli- according to Bulu custom they mled gence and interest in the message. the grave with cloths, head dresses; These names are arranged according and other articles that the spirit to town or village. My records show might have use for in the spirit world: that the three patients in the hospital The evangelist, a man of strong conc most promising, from the evangelistic victions, went to the headman arid point of view, in the last few weeks told him it was not the custom that came from the very village where we Christians should follow, and that if met such opposition only a few he had gifts to give to the dead, h6 months ago." should give them in money that could be used for carrying on God '8 work; Christian Lectures for Moslems and not be buried with the body_ The headman so respected his dead I N JANUARY, 1925, missionaries of mother, as well as the Christian evan-' the Church Missionary Society in gelist, that he took all the things out Cairo began discussion meetings with of the grave, gave his mother a Chris- Moslem students. The missionaries' tian burial, had hy:rims sung and home where the meetings were held prayers offered, and then gave thebecame known as "The House of Free evangelist seventy francs that he- Speech. " Two meetings each week might send to the white missionary to< have been held since then to consider be nsed in carrying on God's work.' > not only religious and devotional themes, but questions of moral and Plans for Liberia's Progress social conduct. Encouraged by what had already been accomplished, the A~ EDUCATIONAL conference on missionaries resolved in October last ft Liberia was held this spring at to launch out upon a more venture- Hampton Institute, Virginia, under some scheme. Twelve special speakers the direction of James L. Sibley, who were invited to deliver a lecture in a is described as "educational adviser" ser'es of twelve fortnightly meetings, to American boards which have misdealing with the fundamentals of the sions in Africa." Missionaries at Christian faith. The faculty of the horne on furlough from the Lutheran, American University in Cairo placed Methodist and Episcopal Churches their Assembly Hall at the disposal were in attendance. In addition 'to of the missionaries, and for each meet- the Liberian workers there were ing 2,000 handbills were printed and others from Angola and the Cam~ distributed in the main student cen- eroun. One who was present thus ters. One Egyptian co-worker boldly summarizes some of the results achieved: "First, a curriculum was

worked out for the schools-four new minerals, the population both of years primary, four years interme- Europeans and' of natives, concendiate, and four secondary. It was trated in the towns and mining camps mutually agreed that all this work of this mineral field, is steadily inshould be as simple as possible, creasing. . . . Sixteen leaders hold adapted to the native child's environ- their classes on Tuesday night in vament, and using native arts and ma- rious places in the native town, in the terials wherever possible. Handiwork various industrial concerns, and in was stressed as important. The sec- other outlying localities. In addition, ond result was a series of readers for there are other active workers among the primary grades and the third a the laity, both men and women, who definite program of work with women are constantly bringing in new people and girls of the native village, which to be enrolled as 'hearers '. The ofaims at personal evangelization plus ficiary of the church is well organized. better home and health conditions." Twelve stewards, as a group, take the responsibility, under the leadership O·New Burial Place for Mackay of the missionary, in passing on the NE of the great names on the roll individual merits of candidates for of missionaries to Africa is that advancement from 'hearers' to 'cat- 'Of Alexander Mackay, Scottish engi- echumens', and then from that class neer. It was on June 30, 1877 that to be baptized and received into full Shergold Smith and C. T. Wilson, membership. " :after a perilous journey from the coast, reached the court of King GENERAL Mtesa, of Uganda, whence two years previously Sir H. M. Stanley had Three C. E. World Commissions sent his urgent letter to London asking that missionaries should be sent AT THE recent International Chrisout. Mackay had tried to get into the tian Endeavor Convention in country by the southern route, and Cleveland, Ohio, three commissions he did not join C. T. Wilson, whom with a world outlook were appointed. Smith's death had left utterly alone The first, consisting of members apin the country, until November, 18;78. pointed by all National and Inter- The bones of Mackay now rest in the national Christian Endeavor Unions cemetery under the shadow of the together with other youth movements, great cathedral which has been erected will meet at the call of the World's on one of the hills of Kampala, the Christian Endeavor Union to concapital of Uganda, their removal from sider ways and means for making Usambiro, at the south end of Vic- effective a world-wide youth crutoria Nyanza, being one of the most sade for peace. The General Secrestirring incidents in the week of jub- tary of the International Society of ilee celebrations. Forced to leave Christian Endeavor is executive sec- Uganda, the gallant missionary took retary of this commission. The secrefuge at Usambiro, and with his ond. consisting of members appointed faithful "boys" .around him estab- by the International Society of Chrislished there a new center of Christian tian Endeavor, the young people's delife and light. partments of all the churches, the World's Sunday School Association, African Chureh Officers the International Council of Religious Education, the Young Men's and the REV. .T. M. SPRINGER writes of Young Women's Christian Associa- the Methodist Mission in the tions, will meet to consider youth Belgian Congo: "The importance of evangelism. The Secretary of Chrisour Katanga field increases yearly. tian Vocations of the International With the enlargement of the indus- Society of Christian Endeavor is ext1)ial activities and the discovery .of ecutive secretary. The third commis. sion, consisting of representatives of

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

all young people's groups, will meet state, national and international-was to further the cause of prohibition considered, and the social, economic, and law observance, and has as its political, moral and religious phases executive secretary the Extension Sec- of the question were discussed in a retary of the International Society of, series of group conferences. The ne- Christian Endeavor. cessity of scientific temperance educa- tion was stressed. A Young People's World League Against Alcoholism Rally was held under the auspices of the Intercollegiate Prohibition Asso- AN INTERNATIONAL meeting of ciation. There were also special meet- this organization was held at ings for Sunday-school workers and Winona Lake, Ind., from August 17th teachers. Among the delegates were to 23d-the first such gathering since representatives from practically all its convention in Toronto, in 1922. the organized temperance forces of The World League which was organized in 1919, by the representatives of the United States and Canada, and fourteen national temperance bodies, from most of the other countries of from eleven different countries, now comprises fifty-six national temper- the world. One delegate, whose arance organizations, from thirty-three rival in New York received considerdifferent countries. Every aspect of able attention from the newspapers, the beverage liquor problem-local, was Mme. Safie Hussein Bey, a Turk- ish feminist, who represented The Green Crescent Temperance Society.

Answers to Questions On Moslem Lands (SEE PAGE 770) 1. About 240,000,000. 2. Arabia and Afghanistan. 3. Japan, Korea and Tibet. 4. India, with over 70,000,000 Moslems. 5. South America. 6. Africa. 7. The battle of Tours, 732 A. D. 8. "There is no God but God; and Mohammed is the prophet of God." 9. 'Five times a day; at dawn, high noon, two hours before sunset, at sunset, two hours after sunset. 10. The Koran; it is not quite as long as the New Testament. 11. Mecca in Arabia where Mohammed was born, and Medina where he is buried. 12. Raymund Lull. 13. Henry Martyn. 14. The translation was begun by Doctor Eli Smith; after his death it was completed by Doctor Cornelius Van Dyck. 15. Ion Keith Falconer, the" Martyr of Aden." 16. Samuel M. Zwemer and James Cantine. First station opened in 1891. ]7. The Rt. Rev. Thomas Valpy French, Bishop of Lahore.

18. William Whiting Borden. 19. The Rev. Moulvi Imad-ud-din, D.D., a remarkable preacher and an eminent writer of Christian truth., 2.0. Kamil El Aietany who took the name Kami! Abdul Messiah (Kamil, Servant of Christ) at his baptism.

MISSJ[ONAmr LmRARY4 ~

' 0 . 0 ii'Uli ·bUG ~ ii'UU' LAAi "biKi· GVO Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.- THE REVIEW.

Mother India. Katherine Mayo. xiv. dominant religious sanctions. The 440 pp. $3.75. New York. °1927. result of these observations, carried on This book goes far to justify the through a brief period over a wide claim made by its publishers, that it area and among all classes of people, is unlike any other book on India that is an appalling book which reaches has been presented to the American the conviction that the whole pyramid reader, certainly in recent years. It of the Indian's woes, material and is a book that needed to be written and spiritual, rests upon a physical base.

is therefore timely, not only as it con- In the course of her investigation Miss tributes much to a balanced judgment Mayo studied conditions in rich homes in regard to an important and historic and in poor; in cities, villages, hos- people, but is a distinct corrective to pitals and temples. She held personal statements made with much positive- interviews with government officials, ness and exaggeration in recent years high and low, Indian and British; and to opinions formed upon the basis with doctors, educators, priests, of a desire to exercise a broad toler- Swarajists. She quotes copiously from ance toward a great people. Miss publications, both official and unof- Mayo went to India in 1£Q5, "unsub- ticial. She makes no unsupported sidized, uncommitted and unat- statement, neither does she handle her tached, " for the express purpose of investigations gently. Her treatment observing the common things in daily of the Indian '8 attitude toward WOffi- human life in India. While she at- en; toward the untouchables; to- tempted to leave untouched the realms ward elementary principles of of religion, of politics and of the arts, sanitation, brings out startlingly the and to contine her enquiry to public wide gulf existing between the In- health and its contributing factors, it dian's intellectual acceptance of is impossible to avoid drawing infer- Western ideals and his translation ences in regard to religious. and po- of them into action. The author goes.

litical conditions in India since the even further in her concentration on social customs of the people are so the sanitary problem as it actually closely related more especially to their exists, and she drives home with in- religious life. The introductory chap- escapable force the fact and the reality ter of the book is a very effective that the Indian is not only his own missionary document, although it is worst enemy, but that the temper and not intended to be such. Miss Mayo calibre of his mind and his outlook on deals primarily and faithfully with life are making him increasingly an social factors of the inner life of the international concern, both social and 300,000,000 who make up the con- physical. The most impressive chap- glomerate of races and creeds which ters in the book deal with Spiritual we call India. If the reader Is Mentality, The Wages of Sin, Why Is startled, the fact that the book is Light Denied? The Quality of Mercy, thoroughly authentic, and that its dis- The Home of Stark Want, The Holy closures are substantiated by author- City. There are also very illuminat- ities, will go far toward giving him ing chapters upon Gandhi, The Re- a new and a correct attitude in regard forms and Psychological Glimpses to prevailing conditions of life and of through the Economic Lens.

794 The author has greatly strengthened ization of the characters and examples her book by numerous illustrations, in brief sentences; then follows a not selected from available supplies in translation, and illuminating notes India, but taken everyone by members explanatory of words and sometimes of her party and directly illustrative of, characters. In another section are of her text; also by appendices of valuable grammatical notes explain- real value and an index which makes ing the use of particles in Wen Li immediately available desirable refer- style, the bane of the Classical Lan- ences. guage to most students. In the tales With other reviewers, we await the and folklore selections one discovers reaction of sound Indian opinion with the Chinese way of thinking. Other great interest. Indeed, this reaction sections contain documentary papers, is already being expressed in an ef- examples of newspaper articles, and fort on the part of ill-advised Indians fourteen samples of family letters to preveut the entry aud distribution which serve as illustrations of episto- of this book in India. This ought lary writing. The indexes of Chinese not to be, and probably will not be, particles and of characters which con- the more reasoned attitude of Indians clude the volume are defective in that who are sincerely interested in the the full index refers only to lessons vital welfare and progress of their and subsections, instead of to the Mother-land. w. 1. C. pages, causing a great loss of time.

Despite this defect, the book is so Introduction to Literary Chinese. J. much more intelligible than most sim- Brandt. 503 pp. Peking: North China ilar studies that missionaries will find Union Language School. (For sale also at the Y. M. C. A., 20 Museum Road, it of great value. H. P. B.

ShanghaL). 1927. Certain Samaritans. Esther Poh} Lovejoy.

This authoritative volume is of m. Maps. 302 pp. $3.50. New York.

little value for the average reader, as 1927.

half of its space is occupied by Chinese "It couldn't be done-so they did characters. A review of it appears it !" Over and over again the Amer- here because there are now in America ican 'Women's Hospitals proved equal hundreds of Chinese missionaries, and more than equal to the emer- driven out temporarily from China. gencies.

Most of these missionaries expect to The thrilling achievements of this return to their work as soon as con- organization in Europe and the Near ditions in China make it possible. East provides the material for a book These exiles may use the period of of tremendous interest. During these their absence from the field by study- years it worked in various areas in co- ing the Classical language in this l:iperation with the American Board volume. The author has been for (Congregational), the American twenty-three years advisor to the Wai Friends Service Commission, the Chiao Pu and head of the school which American Red Cross, and the Near that Board conducted for training East Relief.

students for consular and commercial The ministry of the A. W. H. was work. For the last two years Pro- to all-men, women and children of fessor Brandt has also been teaching any nationality. The situations which in the Missionary Language School, these women met were beyond imagi- which accounts for this highly credit- nation. They fought epidemics of able volume, one of the by-products typhus, of malaria, of influenza, of of this most advanced language school small-pox, often without adequate in the Republic. supplies and a lack of trained helpers, The first ten of the forty lessons amid conditions of famine, dirt, lack give the Wen Li text of the study, of shelter, terrible crowding, and the with a Mandarin translation; then a added psychological difficulties caused full vocabulary with Wade's roman- by the ignorance, rear, bereavement and sh()ck of those they aided. We author of a number of volumes, tire- follow Dr. Lovejoy through war- less student of European religious stricken France, Crete, Greece, conditions on many trips abroad, is Turkey, Macedonia and even into notably qualified to interpret to the Russia with the greatest interest. American mind a type of Protestant With horror we see the suffering of life as yet too little understood or the deported population from the appreciated in this country.

Black Sea ports, people without a The volume by these coauthors, country, on boats with no place to without being ponderous, is encyclo- land, finally dumped on a barren predic in its scope, subjects of the island, to die-save for the A. W. H. chapters ranging from the historic We rejoice when funds become avail- roots of continental Protestantism to able and enjoy the humor of the the changing theological front or the doctor's frantic and unavailing effort latest tendencies in the youth move- to reach the Ma,uretania. with "five ments. The different bodies making hundred unprotected millionaires" up the composite of European Protes- on board. tantism are' treated with a nne ap- We feel, as we read this book, a preciation of their qualities; and great joy and pride in the executive their tasks and problems are sympa- ability, the medical and surgical skill thetically discussed.

and the utterly self-effacing spirit Under the tremendous trial which of service of these women physicians came to almost all the European of the American Women's Hospitals. churches with the economic distress M. A. L. following the war, most· Roman Protestant Europe: Its Crisis and Outlook. Catholic institutions, owing to the Adolf Keller and George Stewart. 385 pp. $3.50. New York. 1927. organization and unity of conscious- ness of that branch of the Church, This is a book for the new age. The were finely sustained in their work, Protestantism it presents is profoundly modified by the forces operating while too many Protestant institutions throughout Europe in the post-war declined and collapsed because no one period. The readers to whom it will seemed to know or care. The defect especially appeal are the great com- of our dissociated and individualistic pany whose vision has been widened, whose sympathies have been broadened Protestantism there revealed will be by the events since 1914. While deal- remedied in a measure by the fuller ing admirably with the historical knowledge and understanding and apbases of the different Protestant preciation which such books as. this are groups of Europe, the regard of the book is forward. bound to foster. One is impressed by the witness to the unquenchable energy of spiritual forces. From the midst of our materially-secure Christian institu- Of the competence of our guides in tions we look across the ocean to see this study of an unfamiliar field we our kindred in the faith, not in the may be well assured: Dr. Keller, a past only, but in the present as well, native of Switzerland, a scholar victorious over tribulation and hard- honored by degrees from universities ship of which we know nothing. Once of Europe and America, pastor for a more the ancient symbol of the Prot- time of one of the outstanding Swiss estant faith is justified-the planting churches, an adminis.trator brought of the Lord that burns but is not con- into friendly contact with every sumed.

Protestant group in Eur()pe, is proba- One is aware further in reading bly without equal in his knowledge of this volume of an expansion of European Protestantism as it is. Dr. sympathy. Beyond parochial and Stewart, a graduate of Yale, one of national church interest we are the pastors of the Madison Avenue brought into touch with sister com- Presbyterian Church of New York, munions, representing a diverse religious .culture of great value and After 48 years of service he resigned in 1920 and returned to Scotland influence, and avenues of understand- where he died in 1£126. He left be- hind him as his monument, not only ing and cooperation are opened which the buildings of the mission and the converts, but the wonderful goodwill constitute an opportunity and a chal- of the people and the seed sown for miles around. That could only be lenge. o. w. G. the result of an utter giving of self in life-long sacrifice. A life like this Shepherd of Udaipur and the Land He is a grain of wheat sunk into the Loved. Geo'rge Carstairs. 306 pp. 16 ground and its fruitage is a hundred- very clear and satisfactory illustrations fold. nom photos. $2.25. New York. 1926. The only defect of the book is that This is a readable and inspiring the mind of the reader is not ready sketch of the life and labors of Rev. for chapter two when it is inserted .James Shepherd, M.D. and D.D. and with its intricate description of the K.I.H.M., who gave his life to the traditions and people of Udaipur. city and surrounding country of The insertion at this point blocks the Udaipur, in Rajputana, India. It is reader's way towards his developing not a great book, partly because the interest in Dr. Shepherd.-F. L. author had but· meagre materials at his disposal (little else than the 1,000 City Churches. H. Paul Douglass. matter-of-fact diary of Dr. Shepherd) 380 pages. 71 tables. 59 charts and but a great life is pictured for us in graphs. 58 appendix tables. $4.00. New a way that leads the reader to admire York. 1926. and love the hero. One is stirred deeply by that life, moulded by This seems to us to be one of the blessed influences of the Spirit in most valuable religious publication of Aberdeen, Scotland, and then trans- the year although not likely to get the planted into the midst of Hinduism public eye. It is the product of a to spread the power of Christian truth scientific study by the case method and love. One's heart is moved by of 1,004 carefully selected city his unselfish devoti{)n to the people churches to discover types, tendencies, year after year and by his heroism underlying principles, cost and efin heat and in epidemics of cholera. fectiveness of types, It throws a flood No wonder he was awarded the of light on the actual operation of Kaiser-i-Hind medal of the first class. Protestant churches in cities–some- thing badly needed for years. The Dr. Shepherd was a rare combina- case studies are so numerous and intion of ordained pastor and medical tensive that there can be no question missionary. After :five years of in- but that the actual story is told. troductory work in other places in Protestant churches have developed Rajputana he took up his residence hitherto on no clearly thought out in Udaipur and extended his in- principles, and therefore with enorfluence, built and maintained his mous wastage. It is possible now to hospital, which the Maharaja named measure a church effectively and to "The Shepherd Mission HospitaL" guide its program more intelligently. We marvel at the amount of work this missionary accomplished–dis- The initial surveys made by the pensary and surgical, preaching and Interchurch World Movement have teaching, and traveling on evan- been partly salvaged and of the ],004 gelistic tours far and wide. He took churches studied, 327 were taken from a special interest in the Bhils, the the Interchurch files. savages of the neighboring mountains, and started a church among T1].is volume should be of great them which developed in a wonderful value to ministers, professors and way after his death. Dr. George students in theological seminaries, de- Adam Smith said that he was the nominational administrators, and in ll].ost remarkable man and the most devoted worker he had seen India. thoughtful laymen who want to see of neighborhood service and enlarged the money well spent which they are putting into local churches. The book budgets. These are the growing, is a great condensation of factual material, and therefore requires close winning churches. Interestingly their study, but when its technique and the structure of its charts have been per capita benevolences increase with mastered in the first seventy-five pages, it is delightful reading. the broadening of the program. Just The various types of city churches where the denominations stand in rewere determined by a comprehensive listing of activities or forms of service, gard to these types is interesting and which were found to total thirty-three, and a grouping of these 1,004 sobering reading. Those which have churches, according to number of activities, and range of activities. been adventurous and least shackled 'l'his method revealed five types: The Slightly Adapted, Unadapted, In- by custom have been most successful. ternally Adapted, Socially Adapted and Widely Variant. The well developed churches hold The dominating hypothesis that the the young people, and their Sunday eity church' is an evolved rural church is abundantly proved. The study then Schools are strong with young people takes up the response and adjustment of a church, which has its historic and adults. The Socially Adapted roots in the country, to the overwhelming forces and needs of urban Church is successful in all kinds of life. neighborhoods. This is the church Striking facts emerge. The largest which is alive to the community, group of city churches, (numbering 253 out of 1,004) is the little one which has a wide program, and a pastor church with from one to two hundred members, an average of four salaried staff. activities and a budget around $3,- 000.00. Next there is a larger number, "What is most successful is a warm- (360) of "slightly adapted" churches, having two or three more activities hearted, self-confident, opportunistic but still essentially a rural church. A majority of all city churches are as church." w. M. T. yet practically unadjusted to city life. They are as a whole relatively inef- The Christian Mission in Africa. Edwin W. ficient and costly. The rate of Smith. 192 pp. $1.25. New York. 1926. benevolent gifts for the Unadapted is $7.79 per member as compared with Africa whole, in place of Africa $12.55 per member for the Socially piece-meal, was the subject of the con- ference held at Le Zoute, Belgium, Adapted. September 14 to 21, 1926. Dr. Edwin W. Smith, of the British and Foreign The churches which have met the Bible Society, tells the story of it in challenge of the city-the Internally a volume which every student of mis- Adapted, Socially Adapted and Wide- sions should read. Fifty years before ly Variant, which include the adven- (in September, 1876) King Leopold turous residential, the downtown and had gathered a conference in Brussels the new Christian centers-are all to discuss the exploration and civilizatending in the same direction to large tion of Africa. Congo was then wellunits, well equipped buildings, nigh unknown. It is now Belgium'« salaried workers, enlarged programs one great colony, eighty times as large as the mother country. Leopold's con- ference brought together representa- tives of seven European nations. Its Christian success united scores of Christian organizations, European and American, in consideration of the needs of the great continent.

The new Africa which is leaping again into the world's consciousness is in need of everything-physical healing, political organization, eco- nomic development and spiritual re- demption. A new world awakening to Africa's possibilities has suddenly taken place and there is a trek Afri- ca-wards. The Conference brought together mISSIOnary leaders, govern- tian work for the people of Kashmir. Dr. Arthur Neve was born in Brighment officials, ethnologists, scientists ton in 1858 and went to India, under the Church Mis s ion a r y Society, and world travelers and the wholeness twenty-three years later. His life was full of self-sacrificing, fruitful service of Africa was preserved in the in Srinagar and vicinity, the story of which is full of inspiration. There thought of the Conference not only were exciting times in the days of the earthquake, plague and cholera. geographically but in respect to every Many an operation on Kashmiris was an adventure. Dr. Neve died of infield of endeavor. Government of- fluenza in 1919 and left an honored name and a monument in the hearts ficials as well as others united in of many who have turned to God.

acknowledging the central importance The Leaven of the Sadduoees, or Old and New Apostasies. Ernest Gordon. 12 DlO. of the missionary's task in the future 263 pp. $1.00, paper. $1.50, cloth. Chi· cago. 1926. development of Africa. The discus- Few Biblical students doubt that sions centered about how best to meet these are days of apostasy. So have been all the days since God first rethe need in the building ·up of the vealed Himself to man. They are also the days of faith. What is needed in Church, the education of the masses, every age is discernment and will to distinguish the true from the false the development of a health program, and to follow the Truth. Mr. Gor- don's volume on "Old and New and the solution of the land and labor Apostasies" seem to prove that today false teachers in churches and schools problems. dominate the situation. He quotes facts to show the tendency toward Dr. Smith's book gathers up all that Unitarianism in schools, colleges, seminaries and Christian institutions, is newest in relation to Africa as de- and calls attention to the growing agnosticism, skeptism and materialveloped at the Conference and pre- ism of the day. His statements, based on careful research, call for more clear sents it in such form as to enable the and courageous expressions of faith. It cannot be denied that many minreader to comprehend the startling isters of churches and many teachers in Christian schools and colleges have developments, economic, commercial, given up their faith in Christ and the Bible and are undermining the founand political which are taking place. dations of the faith in our youth. Weare thankful that there are others It cannot fail to stimulate a desire to who are building up stronger faith and purer life on the truth as God has keep the Christian movement where revealed it. We need to teach youth discernment, to bring them into vital it has long been and ought to con- connection with Jesus Christ and to prove by the facts of life that the life tinue, ill the forefront of Africa's de- of faith and obedience to God's Word and God's Son is the only life that velopment. P. H. J. L. can win.

The Search After Reality. Sadhu Sundar Singh. 12 mo. 104 pp. $1.25. 1926.

The Sadhu, an Oriental Christian, gives his view of Oriental religions- Hinduism, Buddhism and Mohammedanism-in contrast to the religion of Jesus Christ. He has lived in close contact with these cults, has studied their sacred books and has watched the lives of their followers. He sees in them truth, but not The Truth; a seeking after GOd, but a failure to find Him. His book contains thoughtful, devout observations and, while without much new light on the subject, gives interesting, if meager light from the inside, by one who has come to see the inadequacy of these religions.

Arthur Neve of Kashmir. A. P. Shepherd. Illnstrated. 12 mo. 134 pp. 28 6<'1. London. 1926.

Dr. Arthur Neve and his brother Ernest were British medical missionaries who devoted their lives to Chris- Hand Book of the Churches. A Survey outbursts of religious fanaticism, it of the Churches in Action. Edited by is quite impossible to account for Benjamin S. Winchester. 8vo. 426 pp. many outstanding characteristics of $2.00. Baltimore and New York. 1927. the Mormon system. Notwithstand- ing the opposition of the moral and! This year book contains, as usual, Christian forces, Mormonism has the up-to-date information in regard grown in a century until it has at- to American church organizations, tained greater strength than in any inter-church work and religious other period of its existence. statistics in America. There is also a survey of recent religious move- Some adjustments in Mormonism ments, such as local church federa- have been made in conformity with tions, community churches, church the civil law and custom of the land, board consolidations, inter-church co- but no one should deceive himself by operation, religious and missionary thinking that the fundamental teach- education, student Christian associa- ings have been changed. .As the au tions, theological controversies, con- thor of this book remarks about po- ventions and conferences, prohibition, lygamy : ' 'This doctrine still stands. the youth and the church, race rela- written in the official creed of the tionships, international and industrial church. Not one line of it has ever relationships and relief work. Four been erased or modified. " Like stored pages are also devoted to Roman dynamite it awaits the hour when it CatholicisIp, two pages to Judaism, is considered safe to bring it forward nine pages to religion in Europe and again. Mormon literature that teaches two pages to Eastern Orthodox this doctrine is constantly carried churches. The statistics for 1924 and through the mails throughout the 1925 report the following interesting world. figures: Members of all churches, 46,- 883,756-of whom 16,~45,000 are Dr. Snowden has only a faint hope Roman and Eastern Catholics and that Mormons can be induced to sur- 357,135 are Jewish heads of families; render their allegiance to their cult. there are 15,280,196 on roll in Sunday- He does believe that, "The growing schools and over 336,000 pupils are light of knowledge, science and edu- enrolled in 4,304 vacation church cation, Christian truth and grace, will schools; the Foreign Mission income slowly pervade and modify it." He for 1924 was $43,325,506 for United says, "Modern knowledge …. is put- States and Canada, and over $20,000,- ting dynamite under the foundation 000 (incomplete returns) for Home of Mormonism." Mission enterprises, not counting local church support. This may well be the attitude adopted by all Christians. As this This is a valuable reference book author says: Mormons "also are the for editors, pastors and others, in- children of our common heavenly terested in religious conditions in Father, and we should so regard them America. and welcome them back to their an- cestral faith and fellowship." The Truth About Mormonism. James H. Snowden. 369 pp. $2.5,0. Philadelphia. w. E. LA R. 1926. Penlune. S. E. Burrow. 8 vo. 134 pp. This very readable book contains 18 6d. Glasgow, Scotland. much valuable information about Mormonism. The author has aimed at This simple but charming story, fairness and accuracy without pas- the scene of which is laid in the quaint sionate denunciations and extrava- English town of Penlune, shows the gant statements. He points out that power of old-fashioned religion. Mormonism is a mysterious religious Excellent use is made of the Scrip- . movement that arose out on the tures to point out the successive steps American frontier. As with other in conviction, conversion and peace.

-E. A.A.

The Missionary Review of the World — October 1926

'737

The Linen Closet EVERY well-ordered household boasts a completely equipped Linen Closet. Piled in rows will be Bath Towels of softest texture, in colors to match the bath. room decorations or in all-white. Hand Towels of pure Linen in a host of designs, handsome Guest Towels that combine daintiness with usefulness. Linen Sheets and Pillow Cases, Bed Spreads, Fancy and Damask Table Linens will also be well represented.

The knowledge gained from our more than seventy years' ex- perience in supplying leading hostesses of America with fine Linens is at your disposal in acquiring a well·equipped Linen Closet. We will also be glad to advise you on correct monogramming.

Me Cutcheon's ~ 5th Avenue 49th Street New York Annuities Are Make)oo, ~doDoubie DI!!Y. YHoumurasneiltfy~ "'" ~~ ,,.; Satisfactory 10 An annuitant who has placed to $106,000 with one of the Meth- I DURING many years, Bible)niiU~lJoD(fs. odist Mission Boards writes re- 9% havemf~undan! d:~hl~d Yield~~,hil¥" garding the plan: satisfaction in investing 'neomelorUfe "I am very milch pleased with the their money in Bible ~Jg~ arrangement It gins me during my lifetime a good return on my Annuity Bonds-the in~ money-and helps a worthy cause, after I am gone. You have thus come to go to them and their families during their far been most prompt in your annuity lifetime, and the principal to be devoted later to the payment aDd I can only express the utmost satisfaction." great uplifting work of the New York ,Bible Society.

For information write to You Can Invest $100 Up Morris W. Ehnes, T,easu,er, Boud of Foreign Business men and churches recommend Bible Minion. 01 the Methodist Episcopal Church, , SO Filth Avenue, New YOlk, N. Y., or Annuity Bonds as the soundest of investments. They never fluctuate. You have no anxiety. May W. J. Elliott, T rea.uter, Board 01 Home Mi•• be lSSUed on two Jives-husband and wife, mother ~ sions and ChuIch Extension 01 the Methodist Episco- and daughter j etc. . pal Chwch, '701 Arch Street, Philaddphia, Pa. # The New York Bible Society has distributed ,'" millions of copies of the Scriptures free-in , many languages and in raised type for the , blind. They have brought comfort and in- ~ NEW spiration to countless immigrants, seamen, ~ YORE prisoners, the sick, the blind and aliens. / BIBLE All sections of the~' SOCIETY 'ountry. all races of' Dept. 84 humanil-y, receive ~ SEast48IhStreet untold benefits, ~' New York Cit"

JIIall Coupon / ' Gentlemen: With.

for FREE ~/ out obligation, please P&mphlets send me descriptive NEW YORK BIBLE ' ,pamphlets. about your SOCIETY " BIble AnnUIty Bonds.

SL48thSt.N Y.C. , / Name ……………….. ..

,, 1,;;;;======, Address ……•.••••••• _••••••• Pleaf!e mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to adverUsers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Edt/or CONTENTS FOR OCTOBER, 1926 Pa,ge FRONTISPIECE …………… MOSLEM PILGRIMS BEFORE THE KAABA AT MECC"- EDITORIALS ……………………………………………………… 741 OUR MOHAMMEDAN NUMBER WHO WAS MOHAMMEDt WHAT MOSLEMS BELIEVE WHAT MOSLEMS PRACT'lOE IN RELIGION THE ISLAMIC WORLD AND M[8SIONS TODAy ……… SAMUEL M. ZWEMER 745 A pioture of present conditions in the 'Mohammedaro world as seen by the fore· most Christian authority on Islam.

THE DISTIUBUTION OF MOSLEMS-A STA'l'ISTICAL TABLE …………. 7521 MISSIONARY SOCIETIES DOING SPECIAL WORK FOR MOHcAMMEDANS . .Insert THE RISE AND ]<'ALL OF ISLAM ……………………… JULIUS RICHTER 753 The .•tory of the ,growth and decadence of Mohammedan power in the Near East, J)y the weir-known German scholar and author. IMPORTANT HISTORICAL DATES~MOSLEM AND CHRISTIAN …… "… 759 'l'HE STRENGTl! AND WEAKNESS OF ISLAM ……… , …….. ,……. .. 760 MOSLEMS BREAKING AWAY FROM TRADITION . . . . . . . . . . JAMES L. BARTON 761 An interesting account of the chan,ges that are taking place in Moslem thought and practioo on aooount of the contacts with modern cimilieation.

MOHAMMEDAN BOYS AND GIRLS …………………… J. KINGSLEY BnwE 769 A former missionary in Smyrna tells of the training of Moslem boys and girls and the opportunities for Christian influence upon them.

vn:,ws MOSLEMS UNDER CHRISTIAN AND NON-CHRISTIAN RULERS………… 774 SOME MOSLEM! OF CHRISTIANITY ………………. If. E. PHlIilPS 775 The frank exprelfsions of Mohammeflans as to the shortcomings of Christianity ana why they do not becM"e Christians. A VISIT TO EL AZHAR UNIVERSITY ………….. ,., … _… J. E. SHEPHERD 780 HINDRANCES TO CHRISTIAN WORK FOR MOSLEMS ………. C. G. NAISH 781 A thoughtful study of some of tile reMons why 'Work for Mohammedans is so do.1fic·ult and produces such meager results.

THE CHRISTIAN APPROACH TO MOSLEMS ……………….. W. W. CASH 786 A practiool consideration of the most fruitful methods of presenting Christ to Mohammedans.

ISLAM'S GREATEST FAILURE ……………. STEPHEN VAN R. TROWBRIDGE 791 A presentation of the need of the children of M ohammedat! l"nd.. due to ihe failure of Islam to provide moral and spiritual training.

MOSLEM~,()ONVERTS 'TO CHRJSTIANITY …………… BISHOP J. H. LINTON 7!l3 A remarlffible Mcount of the conversions to Christianity through the 'Work of the.. Chureh Missionary Society in Persia during the last forty years.

YUSUF ATIYEH …………………………… _…….. W. G. GREENSLADR 798 The stm'Y of one of tile outstanding p'/,oitut,ts. of ,",ig..ions to Moslemlf in Syria. ….. .

BEST Ml';THODS FOR THE STUDY OF ISLAM .. , EDITED BY MRs. E. O. OJl,()NK 801 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN . EmTED BY MISS ELLA D. MACLAURIN 808 The SouFs Hincere Desire Attained, by Cora E. Simpson, R.N. WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN .. EDITED BY MISS FLQRENOE E. QUINLAN 811 Migrant Groups-Report by Ralph S. Adams. NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ………………………. ,……………… 814 BEST BOOKS FOR THE STUDY OF ISLAM ………. , ….. E&NEST W. RIGGS 830 T.I!:RMS: $2_50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly_ Copyrighted, 192(1, by MISSIONARY REvIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INc. AU rights l'eserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

Robert E. Speer, President Wm. I. Chamberlain, Vice-President Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary Waite!." McDougall, Treasurer Publication olIiee, 3d 8< Reily St•.• Harnsbu.g, Pa. ~itoria1 and Business Ollic<;,. 156 Fifth Avenue, 25c • copy $:l.so • year New York uty Entered as at the POlt Ollice, second-cIas. matter Harrisburl, Pa_. under Act of March I, ,879. 1"1 rll""'-FHR-FHR-FHR-FHR-FHR-FHR-FHR-FHR-FHR-FHR-FHR-FHR-FHR-~ I~, I-IReveII'5 B0 ok5 on M. Is.s·ionsI,;l ~:-t ~ NOW READY–AT ALL BOOKSELLERS ~ ~ ~ t:t. The Unfinished Task of Chinese Culture and ~ ~ Foreign Missions Christianity ;; ~ t:t. By Robert E. Speer By James Livingstone Stewart ~ t:t. Dr. James L. Barton, Secretary A. B. Professo y, West China Union University, ;; c. F. M. says: ''It is a marvel to most :~x:: ::t: Allthor of "The Laughing Buddha," etc. of us that Dr. Speer is able to write so "" much and sti.! keep so fresh and up to Dr. Stewart unravels for the Occi- l:C t:t. date…. Another valuable contribut;on dental mind the intricate skein of the :… .~…. to missionary literature. Might well be ;~;: made the basis for classes in modern beliefs, superstitions and dogmas of t:t. foreign missions." Cloth, $2.75 China. $2.50 ~ :I: :I: l:C "~" SELoLwA iM~AgRISEeHeOdLMiEnS AMY CARMICHAEL ISABEL BROWN ROSE ~ Author of ";;,:;!,;gs As They Our Parish in India "~" Assam Lights and Shadows of Mis- l:C CRha"j, fBrigand sionary Life. :…

'~"'" Introduction by Ie Author of "Red nBal~orsastoimves/I of .=..:.rJ: Helen Barrett :Montgomery. An authentic ~"" Missionary Life and Labors AROBIJI HOOD OF SOUTHERN IJIDIA years spent by two mission- ~l:C in Northeast India. aries–husband and wife-in a r..;.:. muotrat.d, $1.50 A true story of a young remote town in Western India athlete in Southern Ind,a, and in the villages of the dis- ~ e:, LOIS HAWKS SWINEHART who, hounded into out- trict_ Illustrated, $1.60 , lawry was finally converted … Sarangie–A Child ;:! of Chosen to Christianity. Almost IDA BEUE LEWIS er.;:. ~~… A Tale of Korea increditable in spite of its Grainsof Ricefrom … truth, it is indeed "fact a Ch."nese Bowl … r.;. stranger than fiction."

The author of "Jane in the Illus_ $2.50 or $2.75 By President of Hwa-Nan Col- l:C ~ Or;ent" gives a picture of mis- In~~~ldegfe!~:;'Fd~oocbhyow ~ 7 China. . T. :I: sionary life in present-day Maude Whitmore Maddtn rot· I :I: P ~ ~r~~~~ndA i~f~~m~i~~~n ti~~ Author of f~When the East Is A group of charming, inti- ~ ~ cious, unconventional and In the ~Vest.lJ mate sketches of Chinese life, ~ OYolduJnagpHanearts in deeply engrossing.$1.2~ :I: done "wnfitahilidni'stcue~r~ntm~~etn~td, , insight :I: ~ ,1.25 ~ and … CHRISTINE I. T I N L I N G . , :~I: From Japan to :~I: ~ Jerusalem A book which will en- ALBERT D. HESLER ~ large one's understanding In Sunny Nigeria of the Japanese and in- ::r:~ The author of "Bits of crease one's sympathy and Prc~t:e~i(f:~iia~~) ~~~~hestc,. ~ China" acts as guide to her admiration for them, as "Information about a land !:;d ~ readers through Korea. Man- well as help to an appreci- and a people of which little is ~ ~ :c I~~f~a'andP~~~P~~f:' L!~~n:~~ ation of what Missions are ~~on':~; to 1~; B~~~ho;eopieasand ~ a most capable and interesting doing in Japan. ~ writes from first-hand informa- ~ Illustrated, $1.50 tion_" Illustrated, $1.50 ~ guide she prOves to be. ,1.26 :I: ~ ~~ Constantinople, the Chal- ~l:C The Task in Japan ~ By August Carl Reischauer, D.D. lenge of the Centuries ~ :t:rt:. ~ Professor at Meiji Gakuin, Tokyo By Victor Murdock Northwestan Christian Advocate saw: :I: "A frank statement of the mission~ry "~" opportunity and problem which all our The author of "China the M.ysterious =l:C :r: churches must face. Frankness com- ·and Marvellous" has written an equally :… "" bined with his substantial orthodoxy, important and timely work on Constan- ~ ~ makes his conclusions of real value." tinople, with a freshness that is pictur- .;, :I: $1.50 esque and noveL Illustrated, $2.00 :I: ~"" FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY, Publishers ~l:C ; "NeW" York, 158 Fifth Ave. Chicago, 17 N. Wabash Ave.rii I,;l…-HH.!I·~H.!I-~H.!I-~H.!I-~H.!I-~H.!I-HH.!I-~H.!I-HH.!I-~H.!I-~H.!I-HH.!I-~H.!I-:1:1 Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers.

PILGRIMS AT MECCA, WORSHIPPING AT THEl

One hundred and ftrty thousand Mos]ems in the Haram Court gathered from every nation in the world of Islam

OCTOBER, 1926

XLIX TEN OUR MOHAMMEDAN NUMBER No APOLOGY is needed for devoting one whole issue of the REVIEW to a study of the world of Islam. The religion is over . 1,300 years old; it numbers among its adherents at least one seventh of the population of the earth; it is the prevailing religion in Turkey, Arabia, Syria, Persia, Afghanistan, Egypt, Tripoli, Tunis, A1geria and Morocco and has millions of adherents in Russia, Central Africa, Palestine, Turkestan, India, China, Malaysia and the Philippine Islands. Mohammedanism is an aggressive, missionary religion that is pressing on for the conquest of Africa and has its emissaries ill European countries, in North and South America and in the Islands of the Sea. Moslems are so devoted to their beliefs and practices that they resist all attempts to change their way of thinking and living and resent the work of Christian missions. They present one of the greatest tasks before the Church of Christ today.

For over five hundred years, Christian workers have been going into Moslem strongholds, seeking to win the followers of Mohammed to Christ. There have been many hardships and not a few martyrs among these missionaries, while the results have been meager.

In this number of the REVIEW will be found many facts and articles of great interest and value to every student of the subject. But many fine articles have been crowded out and will appear later: Islam and Western Ciyilization, by Basil lIathewR. From Mohammed to Christ, by Habib Yusufji. Christian Literature for Moslems, by M. T. Titus. A New Enterprise in Mesopotamia, by James Cantine.

Among the most valuable features of this issue are the suggestions given by Mrs. Oronk as to the Best Methods for teaching the textbooks and conducting mission study classes on the subject. In our September number will be found pictures of several costumes used bv )Iohammedans of various classes in different lands and a description of how to make them for pageants, plays and tableaux.

741

WHO WAS MOHAMMED?

I N ABOUT the year 570 A. D., Abdullah, the son of Abd ul Mut- talib, a merchant of Mecca, Arabia, went on a trading trip to Medina and died there. A few months later, his wife, Amina, gave birth to a boy whom she named Mohammed.

Arabia had been the resort of all kinds of religious fugitives–:- Star Worshipers, Zoroastrians, Jews and some Christians. Mecca had been a pagan center for centuries and the "Kaaba" was an Arabian pantheon with idols for every day in the year. Tribesmen came on annual pilgrimages to kiss the" Black Stone," to run around the Beit Allah (House of God) and to hang portions of their garments on sacred trees. Legends of all sorts clustered around the rocks, trees and springs of the desert.

In Arabia, Jews settled with their sacred scriptures, their Talwud, and rites; Christians brought their belief in Jesus, and one Arab queen and a king are mentioned as converts to Christianity. Mohammed thus came into contact with both Jews and Christians and at one time he had as a wife, Miriam, a Coptic Christian, who was the mother of his son Ibrahim.

In Mohammed's youth, a Christian army from Yemen attacked )[ecca and was defeated. While many of the Arabians rejected the old idolatry, they were not ready to accept Judaism or Christianity. 'fhe time seemed ripe for a new religious leadership. Mohammed's aristocratic standing, as a member of the ruling class of Mecca and as the son of an influential merchant, gave him prestige. He was taught by a chief man of the Koreish tribe to exercise power. He had natural ability amounting to genius, an attractive personality and an earnest view of life.

When Mohammed was six years of age, his mother died while on 11 journey to Medina and the boy was taken first by his grandfather and then by his uncle. 'When twelve years old, he went on a mercantile journey to Syria and met a Christian monk, Buhaira. Later he returned to Arabia and, like other lads, herded sheep and goats.

At twenty-five, he entered the service of a rich widow of Mecca, Khadija, whom he married. This gave him additional influence. About ten years later, he announced to his wife that he had been called to be a "prophet" and had received a vision in the Cave of Hira. Periods of mental disturbance followed, with other "visions." Then Mohammed began to preach but when he spoke against the idols of the Kaaba, hostility was aroused and persecution began. Nevertheless he gathered some followers. When persecution continued in Mecca, he fled in 622 A. D. to Medina where he had won some converts. 'rhis is the year one, Anno Hegirre, of the Mohammedan era.

Mohammed became not only the preacher and prophet, but a warrior and legislator. He built mosques and houses and raised an army. When Khadija died he contracted polygamous marriages in-

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

eluding one with the wife of his freed slave, an adopted son. He began to write letters to foreign kings inviting them to embrace Islam, collected an army of ten thousand men, attacked various strongholds and finally captured Mecca and destroyed its idols. Certain pagan ceremonies were, however, incorporated in Islam. In the year 631 A. D. he made final pilgrimage to Mecca in great state and I:oon after died. On his deathbed he prayed to God for pardon of his sins.

Mohammed is described as a man above average height, slender but of commanding presence, with a large head, piercing eyes, black hair and long bushy beard. He always walked rapidly and decision marked every movement. There is much diversity of opinion as to his character. Sir William Muir thinks that he was at first sincere and upright, believing in the so-called revelations, but that later he was intoxicated by success, used his power for selfish ends and deceived his followers as to the" revelations." The influence of his first wife, Khadija, was wholesome, but after her death he gave way to his passions. Only the later traditions claim for him sinlessness and superiority to Jesus. While only ninety-nine attributes of perfection are accredited to God, Mohammed is given by his followers two hundred and one titles to proclaim his glory. No Moslem prays to Mohammed but he is said to dwell in the highest heaven, several degrees above Jesus.

WHAT MOSLEMS BELIEVE I SLAM is described under two divisions-Imoo and Din-or "ar- ticles of faith" and" religious practices. " The six main articles of faith are: God, His angels, His books, His Prophet, His Day f)f Judgment and Predestination or Fate.

God. Allah is one, omnipotent and merci:l'ul. His character is impersonal. The Christian conception of a God of love is not understood but their idea of God's absolute authority involves despotism. Moslems believe in God over man but not with man or in man.

Angels. There are three species of spiritual beings-good angels, jinn and demons. Angels are created out of light and are endowed with life, speech and reason. Jinn or genii may be good or evil. They are created from fire and are greatly feared. (See the" Arabian Nights. ") Satan or IbUs is head of the evil jinn.

Books of God. Orthodox Moslems believe that God sent down one hundred and four sacred books. Adam received ten, Seth fifty, Enoch thirty, Abraham ten-all lost. The four books that remain are the Law (Torah), which came to Moses; the Psalms received by David; the Gospel (Injil) of Jesus; and the Koran, eternal and uncreated and revealed to Mohammed. Th,is last supersedes the other books.

The Koran (or Q'uran) is a little smaller than the New Testament, has vne hundred and fourteen chapters (or suras). It is not in chronological order and is a mixture of adoration,. prayers and imprecations, laws and legen~, facts and fancy. Much of it is unintelligible without a commentary.

It contains many historical and scientific errors, superstitions and unbelievable fables. It teaches perpetual slavery, polygamy, divorce, intolerance, degrada- tion of women and cruel bloodshed. It contains no doctrine of an atonement for sin. Prophets and Apostles. Mohammed referred to 124,000 prophets and 305 apostles. Six of the latter are major prophets-Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and Mohammed-who supersedes and supplants them all: Moslems believe in Jesus as a prophet. The Koran says that he was miraculously conceived and born, spoke while a babe, performed miracles as a child, foretold Mohammed, was miraculously saved from crucifixion and is now in an inferior stage of celestial bliss.

Judgment. Awful terrors are portrayed for the judgment day when there will be a physical resurrection of aU the dead. The condemned will suffer unspeakable physical torture in a seven-fold hell. The blessed will enjoy indescribable physical pleasures in the" Garden of Delights."

Predestination is the most characteristic and far-reaching article of the Moslem creed. It affects everything in life. God wills both good and evil. There is no escape from His decree-it is fate (kismet). Religion is Islam (resignation). This fatalism paralyzes progress, initiative and social service.

WH.LT MOSLEMS PRACTICE IN RELIGION I T IS incumbent on all II true believers" to show their faith bv observing the five religious duties of Islam-the pillars or foun- dation of religion.

1. CONFESSION OF THE CREED. La-ilaha-iUa-'Uahu.; Mu.hammada-Rasulu.- 'allah ("There is no god but God; Mohammed is the apostle of God"). This is the watchword of Islam-inscribed on banners and doorposts, and on coins. It rings out from minarets, and is a cradle song and battle-cry.

2. PRAYER is the repetition of a formula and is the "Key to Paradise." After ceremonial purification men must face the Kaaba at Mecca and then kneel to pray five times a day (at dawn, high noon, two hours before sunset, at sunset and two hours after sunset). The prayers consist of short passages from the Koran containing praise, confession and petition for guidance.

3. FASTING. The chief month of fasting (Ramaean) is the ninth mouth of the Moslem year. During fast no one must drink a drop of water or take a morsel of food, smoke, bathe, smell a flower, or take medicine from sunrise to sunset. The whole night is, however, spent in feasting and other indulgence. Infants, idiots, the sick and the aged are exempt.

4. ALMS. These were formerly collected by a religious tax-gatherer. One fortieth of a man's total income is the usual rate. Hospitality is also a religious duty.

5. PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA. 'fhis annual pilgrimage is one of the strongest bonds of Islam and is a great missionary agency. It draws the Moslem world together and scatters the lnfiuence over Asia and Africa. The number who make the pilgrimage varies from 50,000 to 100,000 a year. Pilgrims, arrived in Mecca, pel'form ahlutions, visit lite lllosqne, l;:is~ nIP Black Rtone, rUIl around the Kaaba seven tillles, 01l'er, a prayer, drink water from the well of Zeru Zem and again kiss the Black StOlle. Finally, after throwing three stones at "the Great Devil" (stones at lIina) , they sacrifice a sheep or other animal.

Other t"eligious practices include circumcision, observance of sacred feasts, and jihad 01' taking part in religious wars against infidels. MOSLEM WORLD ATLANTIC INDIAN r/J;} 0 CEAN ….. …………………………………………

FROM "THE MOSLEM WORLD IN REVOLUTION" BY ·W. W. CASH The Islamic World and Missions Today BY REV. SAMUEI, M. ZWEMER, D.D., LL.D., CAIRO Editor of The Moslem World; Author of "The Disintegration of Islam," Etc., Etc.

W HAT is Islam? It is at once the great "surrender" and the great denial-the surrender of millions of human hearts and lives for thirteen long centuries to the obedience of Mohammed, the Arabian, and the blinding of those hearts and lives to the. light of the knowledge of God's glory as revealed in Jesus Christ. "Mohammed," says G. K. Chesterton, "did not, like the Magi, find a new star; he saw through his own particular window a glimpse of the great grey field of the ancient starlight."

When we say that a country contains so many Moslems, we really mean that it contains so many. monotheists, – not monotheists with the ethics of Moses but with those that are in most respects far inferior. There is not one cardinal truth in the Christian's creed about Christ that is not hidden, distorted or denied by Islam. To Mohammed, the teaching that God has a Son and that He died on the cross for human Sill aud If'ft an empty grave to ascend on high, seems blasphemy-a blasphemy that might shake the world.

Here we have at once the necessity for and the difficulty of missions to Moslems. All the arguments employed for missions to the Jews apply with double force to the Moslems. Their number is twenty-fold that of the Jews; the witness to the Messiah is less clear 745 and less glorious in the Koran than in Isaiah; the children of Isaac are on a higher intellectual, social and moral plane everywhere than are the children of Ishmael. If the Gospel of Christ is intended for all the world it is also intended for the world of Islam. That world was never so extensive, so restless, so conscious of itself as it is today. The Mussalman of Calcutta recently printed the following letter from the "Director of the Islamic News Service," London: At this period, entering upon a New Year, it behooves us all to look around and see the position of Islam in the West. When, twenty-three years ago, I embraced Islam, I did 80 standing practically alone. Today, what a difference there is. In England, the Islamic community of Britishers is 3,000. Three journals circulate here-The Islamic World, The Isll1!mic Review and the Review of Religions. All this has happened in a short space of time. In France, a country which I visit every month, there is the magnificent Mosque almost completed in Paris, with a strong Islamic population, and many French people who have accepted "the Faith most excellent." The French Society (of which I am representative in Great Britain) is named the "Fra- ternite Musulmane," and is a very strong body and active. In Germany, there is a MOsque in Berlin, with a number of Germans who are Muslims. In America, there is a Mosque in Chicago, and I was recently honoured by being asked to visit the Chicago University to speak on "Islamic History." In the Argentine Republic, there is a very influential Muslim population, with an Arabic journal El Argentino. Brazil counts thousands of Muslims. In Hol- land and Belgium, there are nationals of those countries who came to Islam. In Hungary, there is a strong community with some illustrious names. Those who prophesied the decline of Islam have seen their predictions falsi- fied, for Islam is gaining ground throughout the world. In Australia, there are, today, upwards of twenty Mosques. South Africa reckons numbers where sometime ago none existed. This is the present picture and, I venture to think, is a source of gratification to Muslims when one considers that Christianity with its millions of pounds, thousands of missionaries, books without number, and free distribution of thousands of Bibles, can make but little headway abroad, whilst, in countries nominally Christian, the bulk of -the people never enter a church. We must not relax our· efforts in any way, for it seems that a new missionary campaign is in the air. Muslims! it is our duty to present to the whole world the imperishable truth given to hu- manity in the glorious pages of that imperishable book, the Holy Koran. Islam ()fi'ers to a world torn by dissension and false doctrines, the one Path of Peace. Today, when a weary world seeks consolation, it is Islam and Islam alone that can guide a stricken humanity. Muslims! be up and doing, and bring to the Light those who are now groping in darkness.

This letter challenges thought and proves that Islam has a world program which Christendom cannot ignore. What are the present factors in the missionary problem1 I .. Extent and N1l!mbers. Statistics are dry and often bewild- ering, yet it is only by statistics that we can measure the present expansion of a religion which began in the sixth century with a minority of one man who claimed to be God's last messenger.

Today the number of those who profess and call themselves Mohammedans is nearly two hundred and thirty-five million. In

THE ISLAMIC WORLD AND MISSIONS TODAY'

southeastern Europe (omitting the scattered groups of Britain and j<-'rance as negligible in number, but not in their influence) there are three and a half million. They are found chiefly in Albania, Bulgaria, Greece and Montenegro. Add to these a little over fifteen millions in European and Asiatic Russia and nearly two hundred thousand in South America (chiefly Brazil and Guiana).

Pass to the two great continents and the island world where Islam has made its conquests. In ~Urica there are nearly fifty million followers of the Arabian prophet and they are found everywhere except in the southwestern portion of the continent. In the Belgian and French Congo, Liberia, Mozambique, Somaliland; around the Lakes and Zanzibar and in Madagascar, on the west coast in Senegal, Guinea, Dahomey; in Uganda, Abyssinia, Kenya, Tanganyika; in Sierra Leone and the Gold Coast, Togoland and the 1'U.ll1c.u. PlSt1llJlV110N OF MOCUM5 £1:R'GtJ1mCDI!TKIIIUTI(lN OF lIIosu:11S Cameroons; nearly eleven millio1l in Nigeria and last but not least the solid belt of Moslem comitries on the north, Egypt, the Sudan, 'rripoli, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco.

In Asia every country has its Moslem problem except Japan and Korea. In China there are about nine millions; in the Philippine Islands nearly six hundred thousand; in the Dutch East Indies over thirty-six millions; India has the largest Moslem population of any mission field in the world-over sixty-nine million. In Bengal province alone there are twenty-five million Moslems. Western and central Asia are almost wholly Mohammedan and here there are still great unoccupied fields that challenge pioneer effort. Shrouded in mystery and hidden behind the Himalaya ranges Afghanistan touches Russia, India, Persia and China–a land full of political significance and strategic position with a strong and virile people, yet without a witness for Christ. The few and far-scattered mission stations in Central Asia are like little candles burning in the night of Islam-Bokhara, Kashgar, Yarkand, Urumtsi-who even remembers

them in prayed In Arabia, Persia, Turkestan, Iraq, Palestine, Syria and Turkey the social, intellectual and religious outlook of the population was for long centuries through the window of Islam-and the window was barred.

II. The Hour Is Ripe. A new day has arrived, a day of opportunity and responsibility. The dawn "came up like' thunder" during the World War which shook the House of Islam to its very foundations. The Moslem world is in revolution. The fountains of its great deep have broken up. From within and from without mighty forces, often contrary and seldom under control, are striving for supremacy. Politically, the old world of Islam with its caliphate and arrogant Moslem law, its rigid social code, its slavery trade and slavery is gone. Nearly everywhere the doors of access have been torn off their hinges or nailed open. Four fifths of the vast populations mentioned above are encreasingly accessible to every method of missionary approach.

This is true, for example, of all British India, the Dutch East Indies, Persia, Mesopotamia, China, the Balkans, the whole of North Africa and Central, East and West Africa with the possible exception of Northern Nigeria. Even there and in Central Arabia and Afghanistan the hinges are creaking and hands from within are fumbling at the lock. A half century ago missionaries died in some of these lands hammering at closed doors, and the Church despaired of entrance. Today, there is overwhelming evidence that the hour is ripe for evangelism. The highways for the Gospel are preparing. Thousands of'miles of railways and motor roads have been built in Africa and Asia within two decades. The distance between Baghdad and Damascus, the old caliph cities, can be covered in nineteen hours by motor. Aeroplanes carry the mails across pathless deserts. Persia and Morocco are building highways; Abyssinia's capital is a railway terminus. Moslems formerly travelled to one center, Mecca. Now they are travelling everywhere. Thousands find their way to Paris and other European capitals. The press, the cinema and the highly colored advertising boards in every city are highways into the minds of the masses and create a thousand points of contact with Western civilization. All this tends to disintegrate the old IslaIUic standards and ideals. Education has become the first demand of nationalists in their effort at reform. Literacy in India and Egypt is markedly increasing. The Moslem press was never so active as it is today. In social reform, it is often the ally of Christianity; this iR espeeinlly tnw in eomhating the evils of the liquor trnffic. In Turkey and Egypt women are leading a new movement of emancipation. They are discarding the veil and demand monogamy. They seek to abolish the Islamic law by which by repetition of a. mere formula divorce if! possible.

All these currents of thought and life are rising as a tide against

J9~Gl THE ISLAMIC WORLD A:D MISSIO:S TODAY

Islam with its ancient tradition of a Church-State and undermining its very foundations. A new Islam has arisen among the educated classes which, in various forms, at ""Voking, Lahore, Aligarh, Angora and Cairo, is in open rebellion against ancient tradition. These Mos- lems are "open-minded enough to violate Koranic law and independ- ent enough to tread the road of progress rather than be fettered by seventh-century. religious legislation."

There are, it is true, reactions. The old Islam dies hard and the warlike spirit of fanaticism needs only a leader and an appeal based on real or imagined injustice to be inflamed. Nevertheless, the out- standing fact is that the world of Islam is "on trek." Their souls 'will find no true rest until they rest in Christ. Reports that come from every land indicate, in the words of the .Jerusalem Confer- ence, "a new willing'ness to hear the Gospel message, and much less antagonism than in former days.

'1'he number of inquiries is increas- ing everywhere, and public bap- tisms are not only possible but more frequent among the educated classes, especially the young men.

Some have lost their moorings and are adrift on a sea of unbelief; with others there is an eager and intelligent spirit of inquiry in re- gard to religion. Now is the su- THJ<J MOSQVE AT WOKING, SURREY preme opportunity for vinning A~7t~r: f~~n aJ~~~)ty~:~doi"~I~i~~m(i~po~~:~~i~~) these future leaders for Christ."

III. The Unfinished Task. Of Moslem lands and peoples it may be said what is recorded of the Greek widows: "They are neg- lected in the daily ministration." The unoccupied fields of the world are largely Mohammedan lands. I know of no missionary working among the two hundred thousand Mohammedans of South America, nor among the eight hundred and thirty thousand of Albania, nor is there a single Protestant society at work among the fifteen million :Moslems of Russia. A map of the mission stations in Africa indi- cates at a glance that pagan Africa is largely occupied, but Moslem Africa still has vast areas of population without a witness for Christ.

Abyssinia has two million Mohammedans and in the French Congo there are five million seven hundred thousand. It is no exaggeration to say that in both of these regions there is scarcely one worker spe- cially qualified or designated to carry the Gospel to these Moslem

millions. The missionary forces in Morocco are utterly inadequate for the needs of its more than five million people. The same is true of Northern Nigeria, the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan and Tanganiyka.

In Asia, the Mohammedans of Ohina and India are an outstand- ing problem because of their long neglect on the part of the Ohurch of Jesus Ohrist. In a series of conferences held in 1924, it was the unanimous judgment of leading missionaries that Moslem India is in a very real sense an unoccupied field. Little special work for Moslems is carried on although there are sixty-nine million of them. rrhere are large cities like Bombay, Lucknow, Delhi and Lahore, where formerly there was special effort to win Moslems, but where now there are few missionaries wholly devoted to this task.

While there are more than five thousand missionaries in India, the number of these who are specially prepared and set apart for the evangelization of Moslems is pitifully small.

Though, on the other hand, it may be said that there are many places whe~e missionaries are giving part of their time to Moslems, yet, even when one considers all this, it is still clear that there is such a serious lack of attention being given to the Moslem problem in proportion to its importance that its adequate consideration by all missions in India is urgently required.

The most tragic chapter in the elaborate survey prepared a few years ago on f'The Ohristian Occupation of Ohina" is that which deals 'with the neglected Mohammedans. A number of centers are pointed out where work should be begun: Peking, Tientsin, Nanking, Tsinau, Kaifeng, Sianfu, Chengtu, Yunnanfu, Oanton, Kweilin, Lanchowfu, Kirin, Moukden and Kweihwating. Yet today there is scarcely a missionary devoting himself entirely to this important element in the population. In China, the Moslems are more friendly than perhaps in any other land and the opportunity through medical missions and translation and distribution of literature is a challenge to the Ohinese Ohurch and the churches of Ohristendom.

Arabia, the cradle of Islam, still has great provinces without a witness for Christ: Nejd, Asir, the hill country of Yemen, the whole of Hadramaut, the Northern Bedouin tribes and the holy land of the Hejaz. What has proved possible in East Arabia through pioneer effort on the Persian Gulf is possible today for every part of the peninsula. Where are the men and women who will occupy these fields 1 IV. Signs of the Harvest. Generally speaking, many of these Moslem lands have proved barren soil after more than half a century of missionary effort; with the exception of India and the East Indies, where there are thousands of converts and hundreds of baptisms every yea'r. The great dark belt of solid Islamic empire from Morocco to Turkestan does not yet yield a large harvest of souls.

In Arabia, the faithful fishermen have labored the long night of

THE ISLAMIC WORLD AND MISSIONS TODAY

thirty-five years-how oft they toiled in the rowing and the wind was contrary! The total number of converts after all these years was less, than the number of the years of waiting. But the tide has turned at last. There have been public baptisms and men and women who forsook all for Ohrist are preaching His cross to others. We saw twenty-two adults baptized publicly at Isfahan on July 4th, this year. All were bold to confess the Ohrist. According to Doctor Robert E. Speer, Persia is today "the most open door to Islam." Mirza Ibra- him who died by torture in the dungeon at Tabriz in 1890 witnessed a good confession: "One night when he witnessed for Ohrist to his fellow-prisoners, they fell upon him, kicked him, and took turns choking him. His throat swelled so that he could scarcely swallow or speak, and, on Sunday, May 14, 1893, he died from his injuries. When the Orown Prince was informed of his death, he asked, 'How did he die~' And the jailor answered, 'He died like a Ohristian.' "

The blood of such has been the seed of the Ohurch. "Twenty years ago," said Kasha Moorhatch, "it was impossible for a Moslem to shake hands with a Ohristian, but now, not only do they shake hands, but, like Orientals, they quite often kiss each other. Then it was a death penalty for a Ohristian to speak before Moslem fanatics about the divinity of Ohrist, but now, if a Ohristian is well informed in language and intelligent in speech, he can say openly that Ohrist is God-Man, the only Mediator, outside of Whom all else are sinners incapable of mediatorship. Then it was impossible to sit with Moslems at one table, but today, among the higher classes, it is very common and free. Twenty years ago it was dangerous to preach in one of the Moslem languages in the presence of Moslems, but today any intelligent man who knows the language can speak about the Trinity, the Atonement, the New Birth, and can openly condemn Islam as a religion of pure formalism. " This testimony is true. The tactful presentation of the old Gospel story meets with response everywhere in Persia.

In every mission station in Persia there are growing groups of believers who witness the good confession. As a woman in Teheran put it, "The ground has been broken up and softened by the rain and is open for the seed. The old days of the hard closed soil are passed." Everywhere the sower goes forth to sow. The Bible Societies have doubled their circulation in Bible lands in recent years. During the past two years hundreds of gospels have found willing hands to accept them even in the old Mohammedan Al Azhar University. A Bible I presented to their ancient library in 1916 was being read there during Ramadhan this year.

. In Abyssinia there has been a movement toward Ohristianity on the part of Mohammedans led by Sheikh Zakariya, resulting in over six thousand forsaking Islam and becoming Bible Ohristians. Every-

where there are groups of inquirers and ill many places hundreds of secret disciples. It was an inspiration in 1922 to visit large churches in Java and Sumatra entirely composed of converts from Islam-a total of some forty thousand. In Bengal there are said to be sixteen thousand Moslem converts in the Church of Christ.

A few months ago I spoke to a Bible class of one hundred and thirty young men and boys at Omdurman (Egyptian Sudan), all of them Mohammedans by birth. My theme was the friendship of Paul with Jesus Christ. This I said had three stages: to know Him historically, to know Him as a living Person in His resurrection power, and to know something of the fellowship of His suffering. Under the very shadow of the old ruined tomb of the Khalifa these sons and grandsons of the warriors that fought for Islam with fire and sword listened to my challenge to accept Christ and follow Him in the battle for the Truth and for Purity-if need be to die for Him. And their black eyes flashed back a message of "~We are ready" that I shall never forget. Some are now awaiting baptism. "Say ye not yet four months and then cometh the harvest f Behold I say unto you lift up your eyes and look on the fields that they are white already unto harvest."

. Where are the reapers 1 That is the missionary problem today in the world of Islam. Who will go and who will sendf SURVEY OF THE MOSLEM WORLD North America ……………………………… . ]ins/mn Proportion Populations to Total Central and South America ……………….. . Australia ……… ~ …. ~ . . . . . 11,000 1 in 10,1)(j1) 174 RG1 1 in 500 1 in 1,400 Polynesia ……… . …….. . 25;000 15,000 1 in 70 Europe * ……………… . 7,058,949 2 jn 5 Africa 4,0.00,000 1 in 6 1,764,000 1 in 3 Abyssinia ……………………………. . 11),.'585,990 1 h1 10 11 in 12 Belgian Congo …………………………….. . 626,000 11,658,148 2 in :l British Africa …………………………….. . 24,858,204 1 in 4 5 :in 6 British African manaat"s ……………………. . 750,000 1 in UI 1,549,000 6 in 7 Egypt …………………………………… . 230,000 Total Freneh Afriea …………………………….. . ;'94,500 Total 382,:;00 2 in 9 Freneh African mandates ……………………. . 8 in 9 12,000,000 1 in 4;; Italian Afriea ……………………………. . 10,000,000 3 in 4 71,245,772 1 jn 70 Portuguese Africa ………………………….. . 3,411,590 49 in 1)0 9,136,000 1 in 3 Spanish Africa …………. . ……….. . 36,000,000 8 in 9 1 in 15 Other Count.ries … . …………………. . 341,860 9,350,000 Asia 10,200,000 8,35'O,O()0 Afghanistan ……… . 1,246,O()O Arabia ………. .

British Asia …………… .

Brit.ish Asian manda t.es …… .

China and Dependenl'i,'" …………………. .

Dutch East Indies ……………………… .

Freneh Asia ………………………………. .

Persia …………………………………… .

Russian Asia …………………………… . ..

Turkey ………………………………….. .

Other Countries …………………………… .

Total Moslem Population …………… . 240,56,2,864 1 in 7 ,., Chiefly in Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary, C'7-f'eho-Slovakia, YugowSlavia, Rumania and Russia.

Societies Doing Special Work for

Societies Fields Moslem Population Iw_oTkers among Moslemsi Types of Work Results Reported , CANADA 15,000 families 3 part time IlEv., ed., med. 10,000,000 25 Few converts; 1 evang.; severe persecution. United Church of Canada …………… . China-Honan (North) Evangelistic Slight; signs encouraging. Sudan Interior Mission …………….. . French Sudan, Nigeria 1 103 I 1 UNITED STATES I Assists Societies Ed., med., ev., social I American Board of Commissioners …….. Turkey, Syria, Greece I'~ ,.o.o.o:~~~ ..(~Urkey) I· .. ·…. ·.. · Literature I American Christian Lit. Soc. for Moslems .. Moslems in all lands ]2,000,000 ………… Educational American University at Cairo ………… Egypt 2 ~ecognition of friendliness; study of Jesus 10 i Evangelistic by few enquirers. Christian and Missionary Alliance …….. Palestine, China I (India) 5 Just started Church of the Brethren ……………… IIndia (Bombay Pres.), lEV., ed. Many enquirers. Nigeria iAb~~t' '30,000 •••••••• 0 ••• Ev., ed., med. 1 convert in 6 years; 'characters influenced; ,Ev., ed., med. Churches of God ………………….. ·IIndia (:o:o:o:~~~: ::: 0 ••••••••••• JEv., ed., med. occasional conversions. Ev., med., lit., etc. Lutheran Orient Mission Society ………. /Kurdistan 300 Ev., ed., med. About 100 converts. Methodist Episcopal Board F. M. . ……. India, Malaysia, Africa 241 150 converts in Egypt; some adult baptisms Methodist Episcopal (Women) ……….. Africa, India, China I::::::::::: : in Sudan; some from Sweeper class and Presbyterian Church, U. S. A…………. iPersia, India, Syria, Irak high castes in India.

United Presbyterian Chureh ………….. India, Sudan, Egypt COOO,OOO Few. Hostility overcome; Arabia opened; 6 bap- Protestant Episcopal Church in U. S. A… Philippir:es, China, Liberia 3 (2 more in prospect) iEd., med. Reformed Church in America ………… Arabia, Mesopotamia tized in last 2 years. 8,000,000 42 'Ev., ed., med. No conversions. Reformed Church in U. S……………. Mesopotamia 3 E~ United Lutheran Church …………….. India 185,000 1 whole, 1 part time, 1 Ev., ed.

ENGLAND preparing Bible Lands Missions Aid Society …….. Near East ……….. . Assists missions Church Missionary Society …………… Nigeria, W. Africa; Egypt, Su- ]05,0'00,000 Approximately 364 (in- Ev., ed., med., lit.

dan, Palestine, Persia, India cluding wives) Church of England Zenana M. S. ……… India ……….. . 10 whole, 35 part time Ev., ed., med. . ………. . ………… lEv., ed. ' ……….. . Egypt General Mission ……………… Egypt 10,000,000 Friends Foreign Mission. " ………. " ., India, Near East 65,000 (India) 2 Ev. in India, lit. in Near EastjNot tabulated. Jerusalem and East Mission …………. Palestine, Syria, Cyprus ……….. . 15 Ed. mainly, med. and lit. started Increased number of enquirers.

Nile Mission Press …………………. Arabic-speaking world 100,000,000 5 foreign, 51 native Literature Some conversions; much general influence.

North Africa Mission ………………. Morocco,Mgeria,Tunisia,Tripoli 17,000,000 77 Ev., med., indus. :……….. .

West Indian Mission to West Africa (Pon- 10 IIEv., I'd. IIndefinite; increase of interest. gas Mission) ……………………. French Guinea, W. Africa 5 Evangelistic ……….. . Worldwide Evangelisation Crusade …… , . Arabia, Afghanistan SCOTLAND I…. ·…… · 7 IMed., ev. Inquirers. Scattered converts. Edinburgh Medical M. S…………….. Syria, Palestine 6,000,000 26 foreign, 8 native ,Ev., ed., med. ,Converts in India; no results appt. in Arabia. Southern Morocco Mission …………… Southern Morocco United Free Church of Scotland ………. Arabia, India, Africa 4 whole, others part time 1Ev., ed., med. !

THE CONTINENT II~~~n~~{is~~d. i Bethel Mission (Germany) ………….. E. Africa 50,000 ~ :~~r:e~~~: :2:0: native IE~~;;g~l;~ti~ . i~ :~~~~~r:t; ~ : :10 catechumens.

Danish Mission ……………………. Arabia 1 lEV., ed., med. IEncouraging. 2 1300 Christians, forced into Islam during the Evangelical Swedish Mission …………. Somaliland, Abyssinia war, return to Christian Church. German Baptists …………………… R,ussia, South 200,000 (~) Mohammedans who accept Gospel sent to German Orient Mission ……………… IBulgaria, Persia, Turkey, Syria ……….. . mission schools. 2,995 baptized up to close of 1925; 207 Karmel Mission …………………… Palestine 50,000 11 Ev., ed., med. baptized last year; 166 under instruction. Neukirchen Mission Institute ………… Java 7,000,000 15 missionaries, 11 wives, I· Ev., ed., med. I 5 doctors, 18 unmarried ~~~!~~s: ~~~~ents treated in hospitals and lady missionaries 2,000 converts. Rhenish-Westphalian Deaconesses' Society. Jerusalem, Cairo :::::::::::: I~~~i.C~~ .. . .. 16,000 converts. 7,000 converts. Rhenish Missionary Society ………….. East Indies 7,000,000 9 :Ev., ed., med. 4,000 converts. Mennonite Union ………………….. Java, Sumatra 7,000,000 Netherlands Missionary Society ………. E. Java 8,000,000 18 I· Ev., I'd., med. 1 enquirer in China; work in India new. Netherlands Missionary Union ……….. W. Java 15 Ev., ed., med. 76 church members; growing interest. Reformed Church in Netherlands ……… Java 28,500 (China) 150 Ev., ed., med. 150 converts. Utrecht Mission Union ……………… New Guinea 3 Swedish Alliance Mission ……………. North China, India About 1,000,000 1 in India IE·v·.· i~ 'I~di;, lit. in China (Over) Swedish Missionary Society ………….. E. Turkestan Women Missionary Workers (Swedish) .. , N. Africa, India 24 lEV., ed., med. 6 Ev., ed., med. Societies Fields Moslem Population [work ,rs arnong Moslems[ Types of Work I Results Reported i AFRICA ;8,000,000 30 I IDeSire for SCl'iptures and Christian litera- Algiers Mission Band ………………. Algeria, Tunisia lEV., lit. I ture; homes opened; classes for children.

Swedish Mission …………………… jEgypt_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _i_._.._._._._._._._.._._____'-1_5_ !,Ev., ed., social ISeveral confessions.

Protestant Missionary Societies Doing Work Incidentally for Moslems Soeieties Fields Workers Touch'g Moslern.. 1 Kinds of Work Results Reported . CANADA I. , I Umted Church of Canada ……………..Central I n d t a A l l in contact IMed., ed. and zenana Not many open conversiolls.

UNIT~D Amer~.can I …, .1 BI•b~e S~cIetyST.A. .T:ES. . . …. …. … East, . Bibles and colportage N e3;r Phlhppllles, Sudan, ArabIa; ……….. I A~erlcan Umve~sI~y of BeIrut ……….. SYrIa ! ……….. . 1190 teachers and assists., Educational 'About 500 Moslem students a year. Chma Inland MISSIOn ………………. China 126 iEv. and med. ! Slow; promising. I Evangelical Synod of N. A. . ………… Central India ……….. . , Good results in Palestine; little in Kenya Colony. American Friends ………………….. Palestine, E. Africa 123 IE~·.; ·e'r1.; ·~~d.. social Augustana Synod ………………….. China, Tanganyika (Africa) ……….. . I ………. .. National Baptist Convention …………. [Liberia i……….. . [, :::::::::: ' Seventh Day Baptist M. S……………. China, Java, West Indies ……….. .

Bible Lands Gospel Mission …………. Syria, Palestine I …•…….. ! ……….. .

Methodist Episcopal Board F. M…….. 'IN. Africa, Europe, India, Malaysia'I' i China 6 or 8 t Ev., ed., med. Interest awakened. I" …….. . Norwegian M. S. (American) ………… Camerouns t •••••••••••• ,……….. .

Reformed Presbyterian Church in N. A… , :Asia Minor, Syria, Island of Cyprus'8 ,Ev., ed., med.

Scandinavian Alliance ………….. '" . ·IIndia IEvangelistic Southern Baptist Convention …………. [Nigeria, Palestine, Syria 34 "Ev., ed., med. 16,284 members.

United Brethren in Christ …………… Sierra Leone ……….. . ',Ev., ed., med.

United ,christian M. S………………. ,China, Java, West Indies I •••••••••••• IE~·.,· ~~d" i~ 'Africa; ev., I' S~~~ ~~;'~~~~ions. Vesleyan Methodist Connection ………. IIndia, Sierra Leone 118 I 1 , ed. in India (Med., ed., indus., zenanal ………. .. Woman 's Union Missionary Society ….. '1 United Provinces (India) I'" stations World's Sunday School Association ……. Egypt, Syria, Palestine 13 , and orphanage iIi,creased attendance, especially in Egypt and Sudan. Ev., ed.

Young Men's Christian Asso()iation ….. 'iEgyPt, Palestine, Syria, Turkey,I .

Persia, Irak, India I………. .. :Ed., soc., lit. I.. · .. · .. · .. · ENGLAND I1 …. · ….. .. .1 Bibles and colportage i…… · .. •.. British and Foreign Bible Society ……. . All Moslem lands Plan to make work for Christian Lit. Soc. for India and Africa .. India, Africa London Missionary Society …………. . India, Africa Moslems part of 5-year campaign Presbyterian Church of England ………. Malaysia, India men and women Ev., ed., med. Results disappointing. 'jIE.L'·Iv't·.a.·.n·':·'ue·.lpi'ps·.tl~·'Ce·'d·' to Churell Some converts. I SRaelgviaotnisonBAe,yromnyd .M.i.s.s.io.n………………. India, .Java, China, W. Africa .. .. .. .. .. …… ,. … . ……….. . Scripture Gift Mission ……………… Moslem lands ……….. . S. P. C. Knowledge ………………… China, Africa, India Soc. for Propagation of Gospel ………. ,1India 1 in training of England missions …. , …… . Sudan United Mission ……………… 'Nigeria, French Equatorial Africa; ………… Few conversions; Government oppos",d. i Ey., ed., med. Anglo-Egyptian S u d a n , Recently decided to app(,int 2 missionaries for special Moslem work. _Wesleyan Methodist ……………….. . India, W. Africa I Some conversions in India. Wesleyan Methodist, Women's Auxiliary .. India, Ceylon I' . . . . . . . . . . . 'I ……….. . . . . . •. . . . ••• iEv., ed., med.

~~~k~l:~ ~~;d cOI,II,s~;.ipt~·r~· di~tribution SCOrrLA:-'D Church of Scotland ……………….. . National Bible Society …………….. . Punjab (India) Palestine, 1 i Increased interest. India, China, Syria, Egypt 15 . native ………. ..

Original Secession Chnrch of Scotland …. jCentral Provinces (India) i ..p..o.rt.e.r.s. . .. I.. · .. · .. · .. · , THE CONTI;;E:-'T 1 Berlin Missionary Society …………… is. and E. Africa, China [lEV. and educational In villages where there are Christian schools, Mohammedans try to Evangelical Lutheran (Leipzig) ………. India, Africa I found Islamic schools. Jerusalem Union (Germany) ………… Palestine Netherlands Bible Society …………… East Indies k ,Evangelistic Some conversions. Orebro MissiOl~ary S?ci.ety (Sweden) ….. ~ndia, French Equatorial Africa Work among Arabic-speaking people. Basel Evangebcal MISSIOn …………… So. Borneo, W. Africa I foreign and 13 nativ~ Ev. and educational ') Translate Bible ……….. .

119 in India : lEv., ed., med., orphanagesFeW converts; seeking to stop spread of Islam in Africa.

) ………. .. ,,Ev., literature fSome conversions.

Rise and Fall of

BY PROl<'EI'HO/1 ,JUl,IUS 1<'. lUCI!'l'ER, BEItLIN, UEHMANY Author of j' l'l"ot,(-stallt IVlissiollS in the Near J!Jast,}' etc., etc, I SLAM is one of the gigantic facts of history. It is the more fas- , cinating as it is one of the rare developments of equal dim~nsion which has gone on from its beginning to the present day in the full light of history. There was the prophet at Mecca infusing a burn- ing enthusiasm into the hearts and minds of his followers. There was the unheard of series of victories in the West and the East by which in the course of a single century an empire was equal, if not superior to the old Roman Empire. When the vital power of one nation seemed to be exhausted, another nation was at hand ready to lift again the sinking banner and to lead on to new victories, Even such terrible tragedies as the barbarous onslaughts of the Mongol hordes under Jengiskhan and Hulagu stopped only for a short time this brilliant career, or only seemed to change the scene of action. The history of the victorious march of the Arab armies from Medina to Poitiers and Tours, the foundation of the Mogul Empire in India and the rule of its first three or four emperors, the conquest of the Balkan and of the Danube countries up to Vienna, belong to the most brilliant chapters of history.

But it was not only an external history of bloody battles and ruined towns, it was to a great extent, also, a chapter of cultural development. The creation of the Moslem science of theology and of laws, within the short period of scarcely four hundred years, was an achievement in some ways comparable to the development of the Christian dogma from St. Paul to St. Augustine. In Islam, too, at the end of the creative period, there stands one of the really great men of history, Al Ghazali, who is the comprehensive mind closing the first and opening the second period of the spiritual evolution of the Moslem mind. We must not look at these events from the standpoint of the irreparable losses of the Christian Church, or of the failure of the crusades as a hopeless attempt to crush the dreaded enemy, '01' the most astounding growth of an anti-Christian heresy. Such points of view will bias us against the greatness of Moslem achievements.

After these glorious beginings, what does history teach 1 Slow yet irresistible disintegration, tumbling down with increasing speed from a unique height of power and splendor-and a terrible fall. The description we give in the following paragraphs represents only one side of the tragedy, but other articles will supplement this so that we think it worth while to concentrate attention on this catastrophe, one of the most arresting chapters that have passed before our eyes during the last decade and a half.

753 2

THE INTERIOR OF THE FAMOUS MOSQUE OF SANCTA SOPHIA IN CONSTANTINOPLE ThIs was hunt by the Emperor Justinian in 532 as a Christian Church. Its pillars, on the side (first floor) were taken trOll) the temple of Diana at Epbe~us. After the capture of Constantinople by the Turks In 1463, It was turned into a. mOSQue. The large dlt.ks display the Dames ot Mohammedan saints. .When will the mosque again become a chUrch?

THE RISE AND FALL OF ISLAM

Through many a long year, Islam has experienced a succession of reverses. These began in Western Europe. Since the victory of Charles Martel at Poitiers, the flood of Mohammedanism has receded; one part of Spain after the other, Lower Italy, Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, and the Balearic Isles, were freed from the yoke. It was a hard $truggle, lasting several centuries. At the beginning of the fourteenth century, the greater part of Eastern Europe was under Mohammedan sway. But then carne a reaction. The Russians fought against the Moslems, and, in the course of the struggle, which lasted some hundreds of years, they became experts in the art of war and in the subtleties of diplomacy. The absorption by Russia .of territories, that were formerly Mohammedan, continued throughout the nineteenth century. In 1800 Georgia, and in 1828, 1829, and 1878, parts of Armenia were annexed, while from 1844 to 1887 the Trans-Caspian territory and Turkestan, the ancestral homes of the Turks in Asia, were subjugated. A third series of Mohammedan reverses dates from 1683, when John Sobieski raised the siege of Vienna.> The Austrians gradually gaining courage, after struggles that lasted several decades, succeeded in driving the Turks back from the Leitha across the Danube, and regained possession of Hungary.

In the nineteenth century, a fourth movement has taken place, whereby the power of Islam has been still further curtailed. The "Sick Man on the Bosporus" had to suffer the amputation of one limb of his unwieldy body after the other. Provinces have either been made into independent kingdoms, or have been placed under the protection of European powers. Thus, in 1829, the Turkish Empire lost Greece and Servia, in 1830 Algeria, in 1858 Rumania, in 1878 Cyprus, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Montenegro and Bulgaria, in 1882 Egypt and Tunis, and in 1898 the Island of Crete. In 1911, the Ohristian Balkan states wrested by far the greater part of Turkeyin-Europe from the Ottoman Empire. In 1912, Italy annexed Tripolitania. The World War sealed the doom of the Ottoman Empire. What has remained after the total collapse is a national republic which can no longer be said to be based on Islam as a religion.

Turkey is only a comparatively small part of the region formerly under Mohammedan rule. What else remains today of the former realm of Islam? There was a time when the Sudan, the Fulbe and Hausa States of West Africa, Zanzibar and the whole of East Africa as far as the Lakes, in fact as far as the Upper Congo, were ruled by Mohammedan princes. Today the two Christian powers of France and Britain have divided these territories between them.

There was a time when India, from the Himalayas to Cape Cormorin, was governed by the great Moguls in Delhi and their vassals; but years ago the last maharajah bowed his proud neck before Christian Britain. There was a time when the Mohammedans were mas-

I (kto1,("

tel'S of the Red Sea aml of the Illlliull Ocean. Today Britain is mistress of these seas, and the converging points of the trade routes which cross their waters are under her control for Gibraltar, Malta, Aden, Perim, Penang aud Singapore arc important c01l1wciing 1ink~ of the British Empire. Of the two hundred and thirty-five millions of Mohammedans, only about twenty millions are at present under Moslem rule, while two hundred and fifteen millions are ~l1(ler Christian rule.

It was disastrous for Islam that from the twelfth century the rrurks assumed the leadership. From one point of view, this was an advantage. Through the centuries of their world empire, the Arabs have never lost their Bedouin characteristics. '1'hey have never learned statecraft. Their history is a record of ambitious cliques and reckless adventurers. The '1'urks, oil the contrary, were a people with a capacity for rule. By nature excellent soldiers, they founded a lasting government. But they diu not take kindly to civilization. Four great nationalities have played a leading part in the internal aI).d external history of Islam; the Arabs, the Persians, the Mongols and the Turks. The first three introduced splendid epochs of civilization and stood, at various times, in the foremost rank of general culture-the Arabs in Egypt, Morocco and Spain; the Persians in their own country; and the Mongols in India. 'l'hey achieved great things in architecture, philosophy, geography, and astronomy. They produced poets and religious thinkers of worldwide renown. Nothing of all this is to be found among the Turks, no truly great poet, no explorer of the unknown, no fruitful, constructive ideas in art. They rule with the mailed fist, and their rule is a curse for the peoples subject to them. Under their rule were found representatives of more gifted nations-Greeks, Egyptians, Macedonians, Armenians. As long as these languished under the Turkish yoke, they deteriorated outwardly and inwardly. Freed from Turkish tyranny, they recover. Think what Greece, Bulgaria, Servia, Oyprus, and Egypt have become since their liberation, and we reali'ze the curse of Turkish control. In the whole range of history, we can hardly find a nation that has done so little for civilization after seven centuries of unrivalled opportunity.

There are four chief causes of decay in Islam. (1) Mohammedan governments have proved incapable of developing the economical resources of their lands and of helping the popUlation of these lands to thrive. In 1875, a man who knew, Mustafa Fazil Pasha, a brother of the Khedive of Egypt, wrote to the Sultan: Your Majesty's subjects, of whatever faith they may be, fall into two classes, viz: the ruthlessly oppressing and the mercilessly oppressed. Industry, agriculture, trade–all lie prone in the empire. When a man can exploit his neighbour, he takes no pains to improve his mind or his field; and where tyranny and extortion reign, no one can hope for the fruit of his la-

92tlJ THE RISE AND FALL OF ISLAM

bol', ant! no one works. Every passing year robs us of our foreign support. All tIll' I<;uropean statesmen, on regarding the actions of your officials, exdaim: "That government is incapable of reform, it is doomed to destruction. " 'Vell, sire, are such prophecies lies?* (:l) Hand in hand with this economic incapacity goes internatiemal political incapacity, which has never known how to settle dis- IlUtes and establish lasting peace and order. First of all, there was the national enmity between Turks and Arabs. The northern half of the Ottoman Empire, as far south as 'rripoli in Syria, was Turkish; the other half was Arab. Probably the Arabs are the nobler race; they feel it to be an injustice that the Turks have assumed the place of paramount authority in Islam, and that the Sultan should be regarded as Caliph. '1'11ere was also bitter antagonism of 'furks and Arabs alike against their Christian subjects. ~-'urther, Turkey had not been able to amalgamate with herself races nominally Mohammedan, such as the Druses, the Nusairiyeh, the Kurds, and the Mohammedan Albanians. Large provinces of the empire-Armenia, Kurdistan; Syria, nearly the whole of Turkey in Europe-were in a chronic state of ferment, that nowhere allows of peaceful settlement.

(3) A third cause of the decay of Islam is the contradiction between the teaching of Islam and established facts. That MoslemR Bhoul<1 be subject to the infidel Christians is an intolerable thought, which raises the fanaticism of ~foslems to the boiling point. Yet nine tenths of all Mohammedans are subjects of Christian nations, and the rest are in more or" less close dependence on Christian Europe. What a contradiction! There is the same anomaly in Mohammedan theology· and learning. There have been centuries in which these have made great progress, but there was always a germ of death in them. That "winged word," with which Khalif Omar, or his Egyptian general AmI', is said to have excused the destruction of the invaluable lihrary of Alexandria, "Either there is in these !)Ooks what the Koran contains, and then they are superfluous; or they contain something different, and then they are false and noxi- (Jus," reveals the fundamental genius of Islam. The only allowable task of science according to Mohammedans, is the codifying and explaining of the authoritative words of Allah in the Koran, as they definitively regulate all that bears on the common life, the m0f'1Ql18. the courts of law, the bazar, and even the Caliph's throne. But this artificial system of law, which the learned deduce from the Korall and the Sunna with hair-splitting exactitude, is in sharp conflict with stern realitv. The Mohammedan higher schools exhaust themselves in an atte~pt to reconcile facts with the teaching of their sacred writings. '1'he whole modern state would have to be remodeled, :in order to be hrought into conformity with the will of Allah, as propounded by the mullahR.

Of' (Dr. GUlldcrt, nprotest..'mt Missions," 4th Ed., p. 257).

(4) In addition to all this, moral deterioration is eating at the vitals of Mohammedan nations. The Koran allows polygamy, one of the worst ethical errors of Mohammed. Polygamy is the rule, except where poverty enforces monogamy. The result is that even a greater degree of sensuality prevails in such nations than among Africans or Hindus. This carnality has borne fatal fruit. If the woman is but the plaything of the man and exists only to satisfy his lust, why need she be educated 7 The less she knows, the better. In the eyes of the man, she is but flesh. This general feeling has stood in the way of education of women. Unbridled fleshly desires, also, are fanciful and changeable. The slightest thing may cause antipathy, or at least indifference.

Never, perhaps, was the general decline of Islam more plainly set forth than at a conference of prominent and learned Mohammedans which met at Mecca from March 27 to April 10, 1899, to enquire into the reasons of this decline and to devise remedies. 'l'hc chairman opened the proceedings with an assertion that in any two adjacent countries, districts, villages or homes, one of which is M0hammedan, the other non-Moslem, you will find the Moslems to be less energetic, worse organrzed in every respect, less skilful in the arts and trades than the non-Moslems, though the former may excel the latter in such other virtues as honesty, courage and liberality. In explanation of this sad state of things, the conference adduced no fewer than fifty-six causes, embracing the whole range of life-religious, political and social.

The learned Oxford Orientalist, Professor Margoliouth, concludes his report of this significant conference by raising the weighty question, "Has Islam any golden age to look back on, except in the sense that at one time Mohammedan sultans were a terror to their neighbours, whereas now their neighbours are safe from their raids7" In answer, he asserts that "there is no real abuse current in Mohammedan states from which they have ever been free, except by accident for a limited time …… The days of the 'Pious Caliphs,' could they be reproduced, would mean no progress even in the most backward Islamic countries. The strengthening of Islam, if it is not to be a calamity to the whole world, is not to be effected by the reproduction of a barbarous past, but by an attempt to utilize the vast force which Islam represents, as a factor in the real progress of the civilizing and ennobling of the race. Whether this can be done, or the whole of this huge capital must be 'written off,' is the question which reformers have to solve." t t ("East and West," 1907, p. 393).

1926.1 THE RISE AND FALL OF ISLAM

IMPORTANT HISTORICAL DATES ~ MOSLEM AND CHRISTIAN C. 4B. C. The Birth of Jesus, the Christ. C. 29 A. D. The Crucifixion and Resurrection of Christ. 312 A. D. Emperor Constantine ,converted in Italy. 389 A. D. Christianity supreme in Roman Empire. C. 570 A. D. Birth of Mohammed in Mecca. 622 A. D. Hegira-Flight of Mohammed from Mecca. Death of Mohammed in Mecca. 632 A. D. Capture of Jerusalem by Caliph Omar, 636 A. D. 642 A. D. John of IJamaSC1tS preaches to 1I10slems, 8th Century 732 A. D. Moslem conquest of Persia. 742 A. D. Defeat of Mohammedans in West Europe at Tours. 830 A. D. 1000 A. D. First mosque built in China. 1096-1272 I'll Kindy, a Christian Arab, issues his "Apology." 1182-1226 Moslems invade India. 1235-1315 The Crusades for control of Jerusalem. 1453 1492 Francis of Assisi preaches in Palestine. 1525-1707 Raymund Lull, missirmary in North Africa. 1683 Constantinople captured. Sheikh-ul-Islam established. 1740-1780 .~fohammedans driven from Spain by Ferdinand II. 1806-1812 1820 Mogul Empire in India. Eastern Europe checks advance of Turks at Vienna. 1850-1891 Wahabi reform spreads over Arabia (except Oman). 182,6 Henry Martyn, missionary in India, Arab~'a, Persia. Levi Parsons and PZ.iny Fisk reach Smyrna from America. 1831 Bishop T. Valpy French, miJSsion(1;ry in India and Arabia. 1833 English Church Missi01uwy Society enters Egypt. 1847 American Board missionaries begins work in Constantinople. 1875 American Presbyterians begins work in Ta;briz, Persia. 1885-1887 Eli Sm,1<"th of Byria begins translation of Bible into Arabie. 1889 English Church Missionary Bociety begins work in Persia. Ion Keith-Falconer establishes work in Arabia. 1906 James Cantine (l;fId Sam1wl M. Zwemer found Arabian Mis- 1908 1924 sion of the Reformed Church in America. 1924 New constitution proclaimed in Persia.

Young Turks proclaim new constitution.

Caliphate abolished in Turkey. Ibn Saoud, Wahabi ruler of the Nejd, captures Mecca.

HOW ISLAM SPREAD I SIJAM is a missionary religion and was spread by force of arms. . The three choices offered the conquered are: acceptance of Islam, the payment of tribute or death. Three periods mark the sweep of Mohammed's followers over Syria and North Africa and later over parts of Asia and Europe: I. A. D. 630-S00-Early caliphs-conquest of Arabia, Syria, Persia, North Africa and the peaceful penetration of China.

II. A. D. 12S0-1480-The Ottoman Turks and Moguls of India: conquest or Afghanistan, Turkestan, India, Java, Malaysia, Serbia and Bosnia.

III, A. D. 1780-1906-Modern Islam-Dervish orders and Oman Arabs and pilgrims-conversion by penetration in Central Africa, Russia, the Philippines and elsewhere.

THE MISSIONAR·Y HEVll~W 0:1<' THE WOllLD

THE STRENGTH AND BEAUTIES OF ISLAM 1. The conception of the unity, omnipotence, omnipresence and mercy of God.

2. The brotherhood of all believers-without distinction of race, color, nationality or station.

3. Fidelity to the creed of Islam and its application to daily life.

4. Fearless witnessing to the faith, before all people and under all circumstances.

5. The missionary conception and the ambition to bring all man- kind to acknowledge Allah and the Prophet. • 6. The sense of the duty of all Moslems everywhere to win con- . verts_ 7. Insistence on cleansing (through cerem<mial), antagonism to idolatry, opposition to intemperance and to many religious, social and physical evils.

MORAL AND SOOIAL EVILS OF ISLAM T HE inadequacy of the religion of Mohammed is seen in its effect on the lives of its followers. Mohammedan lands, such as Afghan- istan, Turkey, Arabia, Persia and Morocco, show the results when Islam has full sway. Some of the evils are: 1. Low ideals involving ungoverned pride, lust, envy, treachery, vindictiveness and untruthfulness which were evident in Mohammed's own character.

2. Lax interpretation of many of the commandments, especially the third, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth as based on the Koran.

3. Polygamy, easy divorce, slavery and attendant evils-especially the low status of women. The Arabs are the chief slave dealers of the world.

4. Illiteracy. 'From seventy per cent upward of Mohammedans in Moslem lands are illiterate. Some resulting evils are intellectual stagnation, narrowness, superstition, quackery, bigotry and blind adherence to tradition.

5. Narrow limits of education-largely confined to the Koran in strictly Moslem lands; the remaining education consisting of parental instruction.

6. Lack of a true sense of sin as relating to disregard of the moral and spiritual laws of God.

7. Lack of any idea of a God above, as an all-wise Heavenly Father. The Moslem creed includes agnostic, pantheistic and animistic elements. The misconception of God is responsible for the fatalism, formalism, and militarism among Moslems.

8. Lack of any conception of any adequate Saviour from sin or any indwelling Power to overcome sinful tendencies. 'l'here is a lack of faith in Jesus Christ as revealed in th(' gospel8 and of any clear idea of the Holy Spirit and His work.

Breaking Away from

BY REV. JAMIES L. BARTON, D.D., BOSTON, MASS. Author of "The Christian Approach to Islam."

T HE laws that control Islam are embodied in their sacred Koran and in their tradition. It is generally conceded that tradition is the more powerful of the two in controlling action. Change has always been looked upon with suspicion. Islam being considered a perfect religion in itself, change has been looked upon as evil and always to be opposed. As Principal Fairbairn says: "Islam is the most inflexible of all positive religions. It is an elastic spirit placed in an iron framework. The progressive is sacrificed to the stationary."

Sir William Muir: "Swathed in the bands of the Koran, the Moslem faith is powerless to adapt itself to varying time and place, keep pace with the march of humanity, direct and purify the social life, and elevate mankind."

Lord Cromer: "The Moslem stands in everything on the ancient ways, because he is a Moslem, because the customs which are interwoven with his religion forbid him to change."

Palgrave: "Islamism is in itself stationary and was framed thus to remain. It justly repudiates all change, all development."

Lord Houghton: "The written book is there, the dead man '8 hand, stiff and motionless; whatever savours of vitality is by that alone convicted of heresy and defection."

761

Stanley Poole: "No advance,no change has been admitted into orthodox Islam during the past thousand years."

Dr. Samuel Graham Wilson, after declaring that "Islam, as IsbetntleMda1fl·rko,mantdheI traditions by the great Imams, Abu Hanifa, Shafi, bn Hanbal, must remain fixed," adds that, histori- cally and actualIy, the dicta of our great writers are but partially true. Remarkable modifications have taken place in Islam in the past and conspicuous changes are occurring at the present time. Since these statements were made by students of Islam, many changes have swept OVer t,he Islamic world, not as general move- ments affecting all Moslem races alike, but chiefly affecting at differ- ent times and in various degrees a single people or nation. If we were -to consider only one natioll or race, We would not be justified in drawing conclusions of a sweep- ing character, but when we see so many different Islamic peoples moving away from their ancient mooring, although not all in the same direction or with the same 1'HE MODERN RULER OF TURKEY speed, only one conclusion can be Mustafa Kemal Pasha and his very modern reached, namely, that Islam as a religion is not holding the fol- wife (recently divorced), lowers of Mohammed in the ancient way. To change the figure, it is evident that the hitherto stagnant waters of the Moslem world are now being troubled through the im- pact of civilization and that much that Mohammedans regarded a generation ago as absolutely essen- tial to the Moslem faith is now no longer so regarded. One after another of the traditions that date from the days of Mohammed or of his immediate successors we now see set aside, sometimes by official acts, often by failure to observe on the part of the people, until, in some areas, as in Turkey, there are grounds for maintaining that no longer does religion dominate the state.

The point to be kept in mind is that Islam, which ,a generation ago was looked upon as static and incapable of change, is now in nearly all parts of the world changing both in its point of view and in its practices, and that many of these changes indicate a breaking away from traditions formerly considered as essential to that religion.

In imitation of Christian bodies of the West, Mohammedans

MOSLEMS BREAKING AWAY }<'ROM TRADI'rlON

held in Mecca last June what they called an "All-World Moslem Congress," at the invitation of Abdul Aziz Ibn Saoud, the Wahabi King. They decided to hold an annual session during the time of the pilgrimage. In the report of the Congress, printed in the London Times of July 29, no reference is, made to any discussion of the question of the Caliphate.

Mohammedan governments have been theocratic. Mohammed was both the temporal and spiritual head of his followers, and so have been his successors. Only when Moslems have lived under Christian governments has their religious life been separate from the affairs of the state. The Moslem ruler received his authority from Allah and ruled by divine right. 'l'oday this authority is denied the Moslem chief of state whose right to govern is accorded him by the people governed. In a word, the people of Moslem states are demanding the right to choose their rulers and to have a voice in the making of the laws they are expected to obey. This movement is especially marked in Arabia, Persia, Egypt and Turkey.

Moslems and Moslem governments have not been patrons of education. To the devoted follower of Mohammed, all wisdom is embodied in the Koran. All books and all teachings that deal with matters not contained in the Kor- TRADITI~~!~1I~8Uilt:J1~~RtNHODJA an are to be repudiated as evil in character and vicious in influence. Moslem peoples have been notoriously backward in all forms of modern education-historical, physical and scientific. The traditions of Islam have been against it. Many Moslem youth, more enterprising and daring than the rank and file, in defiance of tradition, have, in one way and another, secured an education. These have studied the economic conditions of Moslem countries, noted their backward social, intellectual and moral condition, and have come to the conclusion that without a change Mohammedanism must be left behind in the struggle for existence. There has been a decided intellectual awakening in all Moslem countries and mostly within a single generation, although greatly accelel'- ated within the last fiften years. In India the percentage of Moslems in school has risen from three percent thirty years ago to fifteen percent at the present time. A general movement toward 'Vestern education is marked in the East Indies, among the Moros in the

Pl1ilippilles, ill Persia, Egypt, Arabia and Turkey. Mohammedan men and even women are to be found in increasing numbers in the colleges and universities of the vVest, while the privileges offered by "'IVestern schools in Moslem countries are eagerly sought. In most countries governed by Moslems, modern education has entered and holds a commanding position today. '1'he best known of these are ~Jgypt, Persia and Turkey, which have established school systems ill which the sciences, history and one or more Western languages have a place. As a vital part of the ef- f ect of this new education, one notes the rapid increase of literature in all Moslem countries. The produc- tion of all kinds of literature, in the last fifteen years, in the vernacular and in Western languages, is phe- nomenal. The printing press has become a vital force in all these _________ countries, stimulated by the rapid J":'J.I.. .J.>;…L;..I …;)… …..-'-< '..,-II;. JfJ ..0' advance in learning while itself .j.J.-~,),"..T.f.¥J.'>!.:~~L;…~I.;J.:,"5~',.,,.;..,<:,,<,)J."»! ..,:……a.jo;J.u.l/~~Ji acting' as a stimulant to education. ,:,IJI j,..': ),:,')1 J-l….I J ….·J ~,,;.-'-'-,:…. ,,<,,,<,Rapidly the press, so far as educa- .~..,..;J.. ..»~ J-ai. tr.b~ r~' (§:;.JI""";J tion and religion are concerned, is becoming free even under Moslem governments. The Islamic world is going to school in spite of the restrictions of tradition.

The followers of no religion have so successfully resisted the in- troduction of the customs and fash- ions from the West as have .:<Ioslems. Most of their customs have had their roots in their own .'1. TURKISH EDITION OF THE KORAN traditions or in the direct teaching:,; of the Koran. To change would seem to devout Moslems to be denial of their faith. This is well demonstrated in the treatment of women, in methods of persecuting'

such as deny Islam, in the abstinence from wine, and in the daily customs once regarded as essentially religious. '1'he rapid rise of education for girls in 11os1em countries has inevitably led to a re- laxation of suppressive measures in the treatment of women and the granting to them of positions of increasing influence and leadership in the home, in society and even in the state. 'While apostasy is still looked upon as little short of a crime and is generally regarded as worthy of punishment, an increa:,;ing lenienry is noted in many conll- tries in the treatment of suell as inquire after Christianity. III '/'Ul'- key and Persia, as well as in otller conntries, there have been lllany

192DJ MOSLJ~MS RREA KING A'VAY FR.OM TRADIl'IO:'ii"

eases where perseention was !lot ('ollspienolls, and some ('oulltries, under the influence of the vVestern impact, have declared for religious liberty.

MolmmulOdall countries are not so strollg for prohibition as the teachings of the Koran would give warrant for concluding. A Moslem official, a notorious drinker, once defended himself to the writer when charged with action contrary to his faith by declaring that he strictly adhered to the teachings of the Koran since he never drank wine but only whiskey and brandy. The breaking away from this Photo by C. T. Riggs From "The Mis8ionary Heraldn SCENE IN THE "LfBERATION PARADE" IN CONSTANTINOPLE Turkish university students in Constantlnop,le. (Octobe!' 6, 1926) having dis- carded the "fe·z," wear hats and caps. Even the Turkish wome.n are wearing hats.

tradition is to be deplored, but it reveals the tendency of the times to adopt methods practised in the "Vest even to the destruction of time-honored traditions. There are many minor customs and tendencies which, taken in themselves, alone would have little significance, but when taken together indicate a changed and changing point of view that is of no little importance.

Discarding the fez by the Government of Turkey and the compulsive wearing of Western headgear is a point in hand. It is true that the fez has strictly no religious significance, but it has become in many countries the sign of a true Moslem. Native Christians in Turkey were compelled to wear it as a token of loyalty to the Government. Now no one in Turkey may wear a fez. How far this will affect custom in other Moslem countries does not yet appear.

As Moslem countries enter into closer commercial and diplomatic relations with the countries of the West, they have felt the

OLD-TIME STREET COSTUME WORN BY MOSLEM WOMEN inconvenience of having a different religious rest day from that followed among Christians. Japan adopted the Christian Sunday as its day of rest. Turkey is now considering a similar step in spite of the fact that Friday was the day observed by Mohammed and that is now observed by all Moslem peoples. ·While this step has not yet been taken, the fact that the Turks regard it as a debatable question shows how one Moslem country, at least, does not look upon even the direct teachings of Mohammed as absolutely binding upon the state.

Mustapha Kemal, the President of Turkey, recently said in a public address, afterward printed: "The Koran, which is the sole source of ancient law, is by no means a code and contains no legal system capable of satisfying the needs of modern life." .A, Moslem has recently come out in an article printed in Constantinople, urging that the custom of bathing the feet before prayers and of leaving off the shoes during prayers be abolished as a custom suited to Arabs but not to a civilized country. The writer of this article charges the absence of men in the mosque and the large crowds attending the Christian churches as due to the fact that the Christians do not make this demand, while the Moslems do. Therefore, the writer contends that provision be made for the wearing of shoes in prayers with a place for hats in the vestibule.

The abolition of the caliphate by Turkey has outstanding significance for Turkey and is of vast importance to the Moslem world. This step was a demonstration that the people of Turkey believed that their will is superior to the will of Allah as expressed through their Sultan and embodied in the person of their Caliph. The fact that the Moslems in Turkey and in other countries have not regis-

926] MOSLEMS BREAKING AWAY FROM TRADITION

MODERN TURKISH GIRLS IN THE AMERICAN SCHOOL AT BROUSA tered violent protest to this act of 'I'm'key and that, to the present time, no concerted steps have been taken to elect a Caliph for the Moslem world, are indications of an indifference that was not expected. Mustapha Kemal in an address, printed in Constantinople on November 9, 1925, said: "Persons who possess some information about the history of Islam know that the Abbasides' dynasty and all the other Moslem dynasties which have followed it have been nothing other than instruments of oppression which based themselves upon the legal system on which the foundations of imperial Rome were built. These instruments of oppression were founded on a legal system which recognized all rights as belonging to God, which brought back all issues to God, and which made use of all these divine rights which they called supreme authority. It is for this reason that the system on which the caliphate, or modern sovereignty, was based yvas able to maintain itself so long."

No one would assume that the president of Turkey is in a position to speak for Islam, yet the fact remains that he has spoken and acted and his deeds and words have not brought out a challenge. Turkey has hitherto played a large and important part in the Moslem world. It has furnished the Caliph to Islam for more than four hundred years, has been the keeper of the holy places and was for generations the outstanding independent Mohammedan government.

Arabic has always been considered the sacred language of Islam. It was the language spoken by Mohammed and it was in that beautiful tongue that the Koran was written. It has been a matter of belief that the Koran could not be written or prayer be made acceptable to Allah if presented in any other tongue. Mohammedans have repudiated translations of the Koran and adhered to their sacred book in

it.s original. In spite of this fact the Turks have authorized the puhlication of a version of the Koran in the Turkish language. It is reported that this Turkish Koran has been warmly welcomed and that Turks arc studying critically the book whie1dhcy have never hitherto understood. This makes another break from ancient tradition.

There has been a startling change in the Moslem attitude toward women. The education of girls is a sign and seal of this change, but that is only the beginning of what inevitably will follow. Plural marriages have been considered one of the constants in Islam, although all Mohammedans did not have more thau a single wife. The founder of the sect in the Punjab, called" The People of the Koran," says that he regards polygamy as bad as fornication. The National Assembly of Albanians recently declared against polygamy and the covering of the faces of their women. A Moslem lawyer recently published a series of articles in a Turkish paper iu Constantinople, inveighing against polygamy, in which he declared that the young men looked upon Moslem polygamy and divorce as a curious antique. These articles advocated a law against the marriage of more than one wife. The Turkish Grand General Assembly has passed a bill prohibiting plural marriages and providing that all marriages shall be published and that no divorce shall be valid until ratified by a court decree.

Educated Moslems are attempting to interpret Islam in terms of modern science. Students of the Koran and of Moslem tradition are convinced that if Islam is to hold its place as a religion of the twentieth century, it must be interpreted in terms that will meet the demands of the thiJ;lking young men who are in contact with modern thought. Every Moslem country is awakening to this situati~n and, to some extent at least, is attempting to meet it. Methods of higher criticism common in the West are being applied to the Moslem tra~ ditions, commentaries and even to the Koran itself. The orthodox leaders are greatly alarmed at this unholy method of handling their sacred literature and at the spirit which the desire to question authority reveals. This has led to the recognition of two distinct classes, the Fundamentalists who put the Koran and tradition above reason, and the Modernists who are endeavoring to bring the thinking and practices of Moslems into harmony with modern science and the social standards of Western civilization. This has led to many schools of reform among Moslems, each attempting to find a way to save Islam without throttling social, intellectual and moral advance.

In the Moslem world, all signs point to a decided break in Islam from the static past and an attempt to conform to the demands of a world of expanding intelligence and a society intolerant of traditional Moslem practices. This may mean the decline of Islam, or it may point to fundamental reforms.

Boys and

BY REV. JOHN KINGSDEY BIRGE, BRISTOL, CONNECTICUT Formerly Professor ill the International College, Smyrna O NE NIGHT, during the war, as we were passing through the city of Manissa, some Turkish boys boarded the train, and, as they did so, they kissed their father's hands. A business man in our party remarked on the courtesy and respect that these young Moslems showed to their parents-something that American hoys and girls might learn from the youth of Turkey. In this re- spect for elders and superiors, and obedience to authority, the early re- ligious instruction of Mohammed- an boys and girls plays some part.

Until recently, instruction in religion has been a large factor in all education in Moslem lands, and a generation ago was almost ex- clusively religious, particularly of girls. They studied letters and grammar, mainly Arabic gram- mar, in order that they might read the Koran. They learned the pro- nunciation of words and gained the ability fluently to read aloud the Koran, but of the meaning they had little or no idea. More re- cently, history, geography, mathe- matics and science have taken a A MOSL~;M BOY IN NORTH AI·'RICA place in the education of a Moslem child as in the Western world. But still religion has not beenJomit- ted. The child has been taught the qualities of God-that Rehas no beginning or ending; that He is different fr0m all created things so that not even a comparison can be made; that. He sees and hears, though not as men see and hear; that He is absolute and unlimited in His power and authority. The child also learns his religious prac- tices, such as prayer in the Arabic tongue five times a day, the rea- son given being that God has commanded it. When the child imi- tates his parents and goes without food or drink from sunrise to sunset, during the month of Ramazan, he is being drilled into an at- titude of diticipline toward God. "Islam" meang "submission" and a "Moslem" is "one who submits" to the will of God. Obedience to authority thus becomes the major virtue and children learn to re- spect their parents.

They are also taught to respect their governments. In Turkish 3 769

there is a word for" subject" but none for" citizen." 'l'he idea of citizenship, as we understand it, does not exist.

The Islamic system is not like the Christian. The division among us into many denominations produces uncertainty as to religious authority. In Moslem lands, there is comparative agreement as to what God has required of His followers, and the child learns certain definite requirements in belief and practices that become ingrained into his very system.

Once during the month of Ramazan 1 was sitting in a gallery of a mosque, watching the worshippers. I saw boys touching with their thumbs the three portions of each finger, one after another, and I learned that they were reciting the names of God. If they didn't know the Ninety-nine Most Beautiful Names for God, as they probably did not, they were repeating thirty-three times each, such expressions as "God is Most Great."

This religious education exerts an even greater influence over them, because so much of it is taught under emotion. Ramazan evenings are happy festival occasions, and even though the worship is very long, there seems to be a gladness about it, a social good time, that deepens the impression on the boy or g·irl.

On Mohammed's birthday and other occasions, children, especially the boys, gather with their elders to listen to long chants and songs about Mohammed and the glories of the Moslem past. On such occasions, candy will be passed even in the mosques, and perfume will be scattered on the hands of all, leaving for the boy and girl sensations which in later life, when intellectual belief may have been shaken, still bring back the old associations.

Thus their type of religious education grips the child. The whole tone of it impresses on the mind the limitless power of God, so that a conception of the universe is built up which recognizes sovereignty and authority.

It is only partly true, however, that Islam is more uniform in its religious teachings than is Christianity. Outwardly, most Moslems, in any particular country, recognize the same system of belief and worship, but everywhere Islam is saturated with heretical teachings which find expression in fraternal organizations. While they secretly teach various mystical ideas, most of them hold public services in which they seek to experience an actual oneness with God. I have seen boys, hardly able to stand, sway their bodies back and forth as they dreamily recite over and over the name of God. Once I attended a prayer meeting, or zikr, of the Rufai Dervishes, when half a dozen boys were present as worshippers and other children were in the audience. When the worshippers had been stirred to excitement, a charcoal brazier was brought in from which projected a score or more of iron rods, each with an iron ring on the end. The rings, as well as two or three inches of the rod, were red hot. The leader

lfOHAMMEDA.:'.' ROYS AXD GIRLS

extracted one rod after another from the fire, slapped it on both sides of his hand, then gave it to a worshipper. I could plainly hear the hiss of steam as the worshippers licked these rods until they were cool. The small boys licked their red-hot irons as an American boy does a lollypop. There was a pathos in their very earnestness. They were experiencing, they thought, God's power, but how pitifully lack- ing they were in any ethical conception of what is involved in the will of God! In these ways, religion, with its emphasis on the power and ar- bitrary will of God almost entirely without ethical implications, is taught to practically every boy and girl in Moslem lands. Almost as influential have been the crude and superstitious popular beliefs.

'fombs of holy men arc regarded as sacred and on uear-by trees are hung' bits of rags, as reminders to the -spirrt hovering around the tomb that prayers have been offered. On every side the boy or girl sees such evidences of belief ill spirit presences. Such stories as the "Arabian Nig'hts" have made vel'y real to the children an unseen world where God also rules with supernatural forces.

This type of education is now in the process of change. Not only has Turkey abolished the dervish orders but time given to religious instruction in school is cut down, AN ARAB GIRL. STILL UNVEILED attendance at mosque services is growing less and formal worship has been on the decline for some years. One day with a Moslem boy I visited the religious schools of Smyrna. Where there had been over twenty of these, not one was left. We entered a mosque and talked with the sad-faced caretaker who was sweeping the floor. We remarked on the beauty of his place of worship. "Yes," he said, "the mosque is all right. The trouble is with the people who no longer come to prayers."

In place of the religious education formerly given in schools, more time is being given to the physical sciences. In place of re- ligious festivals and the songs that extolled the Prophet, national holidays and patriotic hymns are becoming the vogue. Everywhere the influence of the ·Western world is supplanting with ever-increasing rapidity the traditions of the Mohammedan past.

One wonders what is the effellt of the impact of Western inven-

tions on the Moslem boy and girl. There cannot but come a new faith in the material forces of this world. The textbooks in geography picture the factories of the 1,Vestern world, and the modern inventor is adjudged a great benefactor. The boy and girl are not only conceiving new wants, but a new philosophy of life is being taught. The old holy men do not seem so holy now. The Western standard of material success appeals with irresistible force. God does not seem so powerful. Steam and electricity are the modern agents, and success is measured by ability to use these forces and to acquire more of this world's goods. There is no stopping the influence upon practically every Moslem boy and girl in the world today of nationalism and materialism, both of which come from the Western world.

The secular impact of the civilization of the West is having a helpful effect in at least one respect, especially for the children. The play life of the East has never been as rich as that of the West. Boys in Turkey, for example, have, in the past, played such games as leapfrog, blind man's buff, hothand, swattag, etc., but now the American games are coming in-soccer, football, basketball, handball, and even baseball. When boys were growing into young manhood, indulgence in sports a few years ago seemed undignified and unworthy. Now Western influence has spread a new spirit, and on every side athletic sports command the interest of the young and the respect of their elders. Team games teach a spirit that is indispensable in citizenship and essential to true religion. They require the sacrifice of an individual for the good of the group. There is a certain moral quality also taught by the necessity of taking defeat in a sportsmanlike spirit, and, through team games, fair play can be taught to the boy and girl.

Other forms of Western amusements are not always so helpful. 'rhe moving picture is found almost everywhere, even in remote towns, and Pola Negri and Gloria Swanson are teaching the Moslem youth, more effectively than any textbook, about the life in "Ohristian" countries. Many are saying that Western inventions are good but Western home life is on a lower plane than that found in the East. The unwholesome sex relations as depicted by the films fascinate many others and lower the ideal of the boy or girl as to what _ social and home life should be.

Into this complex mixture of the old and the new the Christian missionary comes today with a religion which already is misunderstood. Ohristianity to the Moslem all too often connotes a political division within his own country's borders or else the uniting bond between foreign powers. The child does not see evidence that Ohristianity is a force making for brotherhood between races and classes. The name is a hated name and a stumblingblock often in the effort to interpret the reality which, to the missionary, lies behind the word. But many Moslems want the moral force that the mission

MOHAM1IIEDAN BOYS AND GIRLS

school seems to have. They appreciate the work of the mission hospital until the Moslem doctors fear the competition with their own work. The social center has been tried in only a few places, but its success has been conspicuous. Many of the boys and girls who have been taught in the mission schools and colleges are filled with the spirit of service. They have tasted, in school, the joy of it, and they look, sometimes with pathetic eagerness, to the missionary for leadership.

Moslem boys and girls are reading what literature they can find, and their minds are being fed with much that is bad. The oppor- BOY SCOUTS DRILLING IN TARSUS, ASIA MINOR tunity of the missionary is to study all the channels by which the thought of the people is being affected, the textbooks in the schools, the newspaper, the magazine, the movie, and to seek to release influences among these agencies that will gradually give to the masses of people a new understanding of the fact that Jesus, the Great Prophet recognized by themselves, is One whom the whole world desperately needs today. As the Christian forces of the West live lives of Christlike service in the midst of the Moslems of the East, a new meaning will come to be attached to the idea of following Jesus. It is the Moslem boys and girls that are freest of all to take what the missionary brings and that can go forth in the Christian spirit to overcome the materialism which otherwise will saturate the Moslem East.

THE CENSUS OF THE MOSLEM WORLD DISTRIBUTION BY GOVERNMENTS: Under British Rttle or Occupation: In Africa …….•…………………. 28,910,000 In Asia …………………………. . 76,788,000 In Australia …………………….. . 25,000 —-105,723,000 Under Other Western Governments: In Africa Belgium …………………………. . 1,764,000 France …………… " …………… . 28,502,332 Italy ……………………………. . 1,659,000 Portugal ………………………… . Spain …………………………… . 239,000 Abyssinia and Liberia ……………… . 594,500 800,000 In Asia United States of America (Philippines) … . 597,994 39,000,000 Netherlands ……………………… . France ………………………….. . 3,341,860 Russia' (Europe and Asia) ………….. . 15,320,000 In Europe …………….. ………….. . In Amelrica ……………………….. . 2,469,957 204,429 94,493,072 Under Non-Christian Governments: 200,216,072 Turkey ………………………….. . 8,321,000 Mesopotamia ……………………… . 2,840,700 Persia .. " …. " .. , .. , ….,.,.,., ….. ,., 9,350,000 Afghanistan ' …………………….. . 6,380,000 Arabia ., ………………………… . 3,400,000 Siam ……………………………. . China ………… , ……………….. . 150,000 9,136,000 – – – 39,577,700 MOSLEM OBJECTIONS TO MODERN EDUCATION FOR WOMEN T HE Mohammedan women in many of the countries in the East are becoming imbued with modern ideals for women and are as- serting themselves. In India, the women held an All-India Mo- IJammedan Women's Conference to insist upon monogamy and other reforms. Everywhere they are seeking education.

An Egyptian Moslem gives the following objections to the modern education of women: 1. The educated women do not like to do housework. 2. They become extravagant about their dress. 3. They sing and play the piano to fit themselves to associate with cultured women of the West. 4. They spend their time reading love stories. 5. They do not live economically, 6. They wish to marry for love, money or good looks.

OF THE UNIVERSI1'Y MOSQUE ElL AZHAR, CAIRO, FOUNDED IN 969 A. D

To (''OI.llpJete a course in the .4zhar reQuirE:'s about twelve years. The curriculum includes juris- prudence. theology, exege~iE;, grammar, syntax, rhetoric, logic and the traditions; it bas 10,000 students and 250 professors.

Some Moslem Views of Christianity A Series of Interviews by Dr. H. E. Philips, Cairo, Egypt By A YOUNG STUDENT IN CAIRO, A MEMBER OF THE Y. M. C. A.

I HAVE no sympathy with the old school of Islam as represented in EI Azhar University but I am a Moslem and cannot accept Christianity as my religion, first of all because I find it very impracticable. Even Christians do not take its precepts seriously nor attempt to fulfill them literally. The commands of Christianity are so extreme that if they were put into practice chaos would follow.

Take one of the gospel teachings by way of example. How many coats do you have~ More than one'/ Have you given away all but one 1 Do you give to everyone that asks something from you and do you never refuse a loan to one who would borrow 1 What would become of society if your gospel laws were followed literally Y Jesus taught men to return good for evil. It sounds all right in theory hut the business of everyday life proves that it does not work. Neither Christian individuals nor states observe this rule. Justice and the social order cannot be maintained in that way. If you examine every distinctive point in the .Gospel, in the last analysis you will find that it is not practical.

A second reason why I do not accept Christianity is that the Gos- 775

pel is full of inconsistencies. Of course we Moslems do not believe that Jesus Himself ever taught the distinctive doctrines of modern Christianity. They are hopelessly at variance with one another. For example, Jesus is called the "Son of God" and also the "Son of Man." He says that a man becomes great by becoming small; that he finds life by losing or laying down his life; that he becomes strong by being weak. All of this is incomprehensible and unreasonable. Moreover Christians call Jesus God and they pray to Him while many times in the Gospel He is represented as Himself praying to God.

Jesus' first miracle was the converting of water into wine for a wedding feast. I have been told that Christians should not drink wine and that the Bible teaches that drinking intoxicants is a sin. In the Koran you will find that Mohammed did not drink wine and that he forbade his followers to use it. Moslems everywhere and. always are total abstainers. Spirituous liquors are strictly forbidden and have been introduced into Mohammedan lands through the greed of' Christian merchants.

A third reason why I adhere to Islam is because of its wonderful provision for social life, very little of which I find in the Christian Gospel. The Koran is called a " Guidance" for men and makes practical provision for every detail of life. Why should I leave this system for one that deals only in generalities? Christians have much to say about the "Sermon on the Mount" but its idealism is impractical and fails to grip our social problems.

You speak of polygamy as an evil and I agree that unlimited marriage is an evil. But Mohammed made no such blunder. He found unlimited marriage prevailing in pagan Arabia so he corrected it by placing limits upon those who accepted Islam. Under .Tudaism polygamy was sanctioned and practiced by the prophetf;, but because it was not regulated it was abused as in the case of Solomon. Islam takes into account the fact that there are more women in the world than men and that through war the proportion of men is often greatly reduced. It meets this problem with the practical provision for plural marriage with certain definite limitations. The much-vaunted monogamy of the Ohristian system is not rigidly enforced and sooner or later will yield to stern necessity. In my opinion it will be a change for the better.

A fourth reason for my belief in Islam is its intellectual superiority over the Christian system. I admit that, for the present, European civilization has forged ahead of Islamic countries but the reason for our present eclipse is economic and not intellectual, a condition which is due to the temporary military superiority of the West. How did Europe obtain this advantage ~ Most of her modern civilization was borrowed from Islam. Every branch of science was assiduously studied and developed in the centers of Islamic power.

1926J SOME MOSLEM vmws OF CHRISTIANITY

Stanley Lane Poole, in "The Moors in Spain," uses the following words in praise of Islamic learning: "Beautiful as were the palaces and gardens of Cordova, her claims to admiration in higher matters were no less strong. The mind was as lovely as the body. Her professors and teachers made her the center of European culture; students would come from all parts of the world to study under her famous doctors…. As for the graces of literature, there never was a time when poetry became the speech of everybody, so much so that no speech or address was complete without some scraps of verse.'''' Whether the suhject he astronomy or chemistry or geography or natural history the foundations are found in the Holy Koran. If the principle patrons of learning in that great epoch of educational progress were Moslems and if, as I believe, we are on the verge of a great revival in our religion, I see no good reason why I should forsake my faith. If the European nations are under happier circumstances today than are the countries of Islam and if their scientific progress is for the time in advance of that found in Mohammedan countries; it is not because of the teachings of Christianity but beeause Europe has taken the learning and the principles of Islam and has built upon them.

T could give many more reasons for my rejection of Christianity but these are my leading ones: it is morany impracticable; it is intellectually inconsistent; it is socially insufficient; it is scientically inferior. In all these respects I find Islam sufficent and satisfactory.

By AN ADVANCED STUDENT IN A SECONDARY SCHOOL IN EGYPT First of all let me say that I am not much of a Moslem. I am rather a free thinker or perhaps you would call me an agnostic. Our family is one of the best in Cairo and we always have had plenty of hooks and time for reading but in our home we never did discuss religion very much. At first I was very ignorant of my religion. Then an over-zealous Christian began trying to teach me the way of Christianity. It was not acceptable to me but this friend persisted and I was wholly unable to answer the arguments that were presented. Then I began the study of my own religion in earnest and soon found what seemed to me sufficient answers for all the Christian arguments. Indeed I became very proficient in debate on all religious questions and was a convinced and fanatical Moslem. Later I t00k up the study of European philosophy and found that the great thinkers of the world have never been religious men. I also found that neither Islam nor Christianity agrees with the best philosophy. 'l'he result has been that I have lost my zeal for Mohammedanism and I am now willing to take the good out of all religions and to profess none. ,,I[ho is Mohammed and who is Christ but men who • The quotation here used is found in The Islamic World, Jan.) 1926) p. 311 in an article by Sheikh Mohammed Abdullah on "Islam and Learning."

tried to help their people to live a better life and to relieve the social conditions they found in the world 1 As to my belief in God, of course anyone who has studied philosophy and science is compelled to believe that there is some great power back of all the phenomena that we see round about us. It may be a conscious power or it may only be an impersonal force. I do not see how anyone can be sure. I sometimes wish I could believe in a personal God as you do for it must be very comforting, but somehow I cannot believe.

I do not understand what is commonly called sin nor the Ohristian remedy through the blood of Ohrist. I am not perfect but neither am I conscious of any very serious sin nor do I feel the need of any other person to save me from sin. My religion has always been one of good works. I try to live right and never to harm anyone and what more do Ohristians want? After all my studies in philosophy I have come to think that if God is a conscious being He does not care very much about the individual but has more concern about nations, and if He does care about individuals what more does He want beyond the life I am now living¥ By AN ENGLISHMAN '¥HO HAS BECOME A MOSLEM My father desired me to enter the service of the Ohristian Ohurch, and to this purpose I studied. Early I had doubts, and could not reconcile myself to believe in the Trinity, Vicarious Atonement, and Original Sin. I read books on all phases of Ohristianity, and came to the conclusion that I believed none. About this time I came into contact with W. Stewart Ross, the agnostic leader, and editor of The Agnostic Journal. In this way I was introduced to the writings of Ingersoll, Hreckel and others. Ross quarreled with the Biblical conception of Deity, and I agreed with him, but never lost faith in a Supreme Being. I began the study of comparative religion (neglecting Islam which I had been told was merely an altered version of Ohristianity). Hearing Ross speak of the sublime conception of Deity pictured by the deism of Islam, I resolved to study this faith and to my surprise began to find myself at home. '1'he central truth of the oneness of the Deity and the idea of a deit.y who sent teachers not only to the Jews but other races was my own idea of an impartial Being. The life of Mohammed, the complete success attending his mission even in his own lifetime, the brotherhood of all believers which he accomplished, and the wholesome reforms he brought, wrung from me the acceptance of his prophethood. The Koran I found made a stronger appeal to me than the Biblical narratives had ever done, and when I came to dissect the Suras and Ayats, I found myself living in a new world, reading the inner meanings, and becoming for the first time in a state of At-one-ment with God.

1926J 80MB MOSLEM VIEWS OE' UHRI8TIANl'l'Y

In 1903 I confessed to my father that I was a Moslem, and later on met a Moslem for the first time. He was the Hon. Dr. Abdullah al Mamun Suhrawardy, M.A., LL.D. (now the Chairman of the Bengal Legislative Council). In his presence I repeated the Kalima.'" I became Honorary Assistant Secretary of the Pan-Islamic Society and afterwards Honorary Vice-President. In 1912 Khwaja Kamalud-Din came to England, and I associated myself with him in the Woking Moslem Missiop., and the Islamic Review. Prior to this I had been nominated "Sheikh of the British Moslems." Today I contribute to almost all the leading Moslem journals in India, Persia, Turkey, etc., and represent several of those in London. I represent also La Fraternite Musulmane de Paris, and by the invitation of the French Government was present at the Foundation Ceremony of the Paris Mosque. Recently I started the Minaret, a small Islamic journal destined for the Western reader, and a large percentage of my letters from enquirers came from the United States of America.

(Signed) KHALID SHELDRAKE.

*' The kaZima means the Moslem creed, "There is no God but God and Mohammed 1s the prophet of God."

A TURK'S VIEW OF THE CHRISTIAN MENACE W RITING to the Djumhouriet, a Turkish daily newspaper pub- lished in Constantinople, an anonymous correspondent describes the spread of Christian propaganda and institutions in Turkey and seems to be particularly incensed over the success of the Y. M. C. A. After outlining this growth, he proceeds to give this description of the manner in which the Christians project their influence: "First they get people to love them, and then they make them novices in their order. Their schools are each a danger. There the great deeds of Jesus are sung. The persuasive abilities of the members of this Association, both men and women, are so great that, like ants caught in a spider's web, people cannot again be rescued from their hands. The greatest secret of their success is love ….

"The Protestant young Christians begin with example and lead up to rule; they go from the concrete to the abstract. This sort of propaganda is fatal. They do not proclaim the principles of Protestantism. Nay, they do not even talk about religion, but by their attitude, their actions, their manners, by the compassion they show to animals, by the help they give to the poor, by loving what is good, by mercy to the unfortunate, they try to show the loftiness of their religion.

"The number of innocent Turkish children captured by these charms is constantly increasing, and these children are weaned from their individuality and are becoming each an American Protestant, nay more, not only a Protestant but a missionary."

A VISIT TO EL-AZHAR UNIVERSITY BY REV. J. E. SHEPHWD in the Bapti..t Missionary Hem~d E VEN within the memory of men now living, Christians could not enter El-Azhar, the great Moslem university in Cairo, but that is changed and even Christian missionaries pass in freely, as wel- come visitors.

One morning we found ourselves at "The Gate of the Barbers," the entrance to EI-Azhar. The porter brought some slippers and after placing these upon our feet, our dragoman kicked off his own shoes, and led the way. Then we entered one of the largest universities in the world, one of the most ancient, going back nearly a thousand years, to 980 A. D. El-Azhar is the intellectual focal point of Islam. Here we saw the intelli- gent youth of many lands-India, Syria, Morocco, Tripoli, Tunis, Algeria, Turkey, Afghanistan, and other parts of the world- all being trained for the priest- hood. 'rhey are here to be trained in the Koran. They are practi- ~ally men of one book. "In the shaded porticos of the great court they sit in circles, great or small, 'at the feet of' their sheikhs, the 'rahhis' of Islam, who themselves squat on low dais seats and dis- cuss the grammar, language, in- terpretation and legal teaching of the Koran."

We went freely from one group to 'mother and watched the process of teaching, all so different from our idea of what teaching should be. It was a study of the Oriental mind, with its great power of detachment and its equally great power of concentration. -"Ve could not help wondering what fruit these studies would bear in after days in other lands, what influence these young men would wield. EI-Azhar is a mosque, and there are six gates. The Liwan is huge, and its ceiling is supported upon three hundred and eighty pillars. The minarets are of different periods, the structure having often been altered, and various sultans from the twelfth century to the nineteenth having left their' mark upon it. The library is a spacious hall, with tier upon tier of shelves from fioor to ceiling, filled with books bound in crimson leather. There were many writing tables, and, in the center, was a glass case containing a treasure, the royal copy of the Koran. Every letter is printed in gold. Outside the mosque, we saw a large number of blind, who, through their infirmity, do not enter the place of prayer, but are heing taught just without the gates. There were between fifteen thousand and sixteen thousand students in the University-and provision f(lr twenty thousand. Some of these young students haye been won for Christ.

J,ISTENlNG TO A LECTURE ON THE KORAN I N ALGIF:RS

Hindrances to Christian Work for Moslems BY RE;V. C. G. NAISH, B.A., BEiRUT, SYRIA Member of the Council of C1u'istian Missions in Western Asia and Northern Africa M ISUNDERSTANDING: Not long ago in Egypt a simple man, a woodworker, came to one of the missionary centers and asked for baptism. He said: "I have heard the preaching at M— and it is excellent." "You don't need to be baptized," replied the missionary, "you can hear the preaching freely in any case. "

"But I want to belong to that society." "Do you want to be saved from your guilH" "Guilt7 What is guilt7" "Your sins." "My sins1" answered ·the man smiling. "Why, I've never sinned in my life." This story indicates clearly the real difficulty which stands like a blank wall between the Christian teacher and the Moslem. The Moslem does not know what the Christian is talking about. He probably does understand the Arabic words used, for many missionaries speak Arabic and other Moslem languages well. But the ideas he misunderstands. The connotation of the Christian vocabulary is quite different to his mind. A word which the Christian uses for the moral guilt and shame of sin means to the Moslem hearer simply transgression of ceremonial law. This carpenter, supposed that he was being asked about hi& observance of times of prayer and other duties prescribed by .the Koran. lIe had no conception of what we understand by sin against God. 'l'he first obstacle encountered is, therefore, that of making a Moslem understand. It is insuperable to any power but the Spirit of God. The fact is that ideas which the missionary wishes to present do not exist in the minds of ninety-nine of every hundred Mos- 781

1ems. We have to face the task of trying to convey these strange ideas by the medium of words which have quite a different meaning to the hearer.

It has often been said that Islam and Christianity have much in ('ammon. Moslems are not heathen or idolaters. They worship one God. Some would say that they are half Christians already; at leaRt they are monotheists. Nothing ('auld be more misleading. They do believe in one God, whose name is Allah, but their conception of him is utterly different from the God revealed by Jesus Christ. He is capricious, unspiritual, transcendent without being immanent, and He is loveless.

One day in Syria, some veiled Moslem women attempted to enter the train in which we were riding. "No room!" the conductor called out; "the hareem is fulL" The women flung up their hands in a gesture of despair. "Vhat shall we do'" they wailed. The conductor blew his whistle. "Allah will arrange something for you," he calmly said as the tram moved off.

That-is what Allah is like to the mind of the conductor and his Moslem brethren. He may arrange for you to get in the tram, or he may not, but to complain is of no use. Noone can tell what Allah will do. He may say one thing today and the contrary tomorrow. 'Both will be true because he has said both.

Take the word "heaven." While Christians use imagery of streets of gold, temples and harps, we understand that these metaphorically refer to a spiritual state which eludes the resources of human language. But to the Moslem paradise is very definitely literal and material.

In Dama~us a friend of mine was called upon by strangers to enter a shop and witness a document which ran like this: "I, Abdullah, remit to Ahmad the debt of ten pounds which he owes me, on consideration of his handing over to me one of his wives in Paradise. He, Ahmad, is to have thirty nine, and I. Abdullah, am to have forty one."

The Koran promises beautiful maidens (houries) to every true believer. Nevertheless it is a shock to find that a Moslem of this century takes the promise so literally, and that his idea of heaven is so unspiritual. How can one use the word heaven or Paradise to eonvey to him the Christian belief 1 And yet how. can we explain our religion without using its key words ~ , PRE;ruDIcE. Not only does the Moslem fail to understand the Christian vocabulary, but positively he has been taught to misunderstand it. An American born in the East, and using Arabic as easily as his own tongue, testifies: "The Moslem from childhood has been taught to hate the very sound of the words 'Father' and 'Trinity' " as applied to God. The reason is chiefly historical. Mohammed and many subsequent leaders of Islam came into touch with a corrupt form of Christianity. Even in some places today there is an igno-

J92G] HINDRANCES TO CHRISTIAN WORK FOR, lfQSLElIfS

rant type of Christianity that practically teaches polytheism. And it recognizes three gods, one called the Father, a stern judge whose chief aim is to detect men in sin and punish them with satisfaction, a goddess (for she is nothing less) called Mary, the mother of God, interceding with this stern deity, and a Son, who was once incarnate, a rather weaker and more distant copy of the goddess.

Is it any wonder that Moslems who met such a form of belief turned from it in disgust, accusing such so-called Christians of polytheism ~ The trouble is that Moslems of today assume that all who bear the name Christian regard the Trinity in this way, as composed of father, mother and son; and that God had a literal wife and literal offspring. Would anything make us listen to such teaching?

Small wonder then if a single Moslem can prejudice a whole audience against a preacher by reference to any of these terms, AN ADVERTISEMENT IN CAIRO- BOYS SELLING LOTTERY TICKETS IN ONE OF THE HINDRANCES CAIRO-ANOTHER EVIL though these same words may convey to the preacher precious and fundamental beliefs.

Moreover, it has been ingrained in the very nature of the Moslem that his own holy book, the Koran, is literally inspired in every jot and tittle. When it teaches something absolutely contrary to history, such as that Mary the mother of Jesus was the same person as Miriam the sister of Moses and that Moses was the uncle of Jesus, he feels bound to believe it.

The Christian Bible is rejected as an unauthentic book, a forgery, which has been substituted for the true Law of Moses, Psalter of David, and Gospel of J esns which were written down word for word in the same way that Mohammed wrote the Koran. Is it surprising that their prejudice is hard to disarm ~ NOMINAL CHRISTIANITY. The obstacles already mentioned are subjective. The greatest objective hindrance is the travesty of Christianity, professing to be the religion of J eSllS, which the Moslem often has before his eyes.

Lady Buckmaster wrote recently of a trip to the East: "As we approached Port Said I strained my eyes for a first glimpse of

the land of the Pharaohs. This is what I saw. 'Dewar's Whiskey' 'Black and White Whiskey' 'Dawson's Whiskey'; and I felt ashamed.

Intoxicating drinks are prohibited by the Koran. But the influence of the West has been too strong for the East. Of course, it is not fair to judge followers of Ohrist by the behavior of merchants whose god is mammon, or of tourists who worship pleasure. But, Rad to say, the Moslem does so. "So this is your vaunted superior religion," he sneers. What is a Moslem to think when British soldiers are the only drunken pe,ople he has ever seen ~ Or when lottery tickets are sold everywhere in his streets, and whole shops are exclusively devoted to their sale, though all gambling and betting are forbidden to him 7 It is the "Ohristian" who has brought them to his country. How does he view the construction by a foreign syndicate of a grand race-course in the most beautiful and quietest suburb of Oairo ~ How can he be other than shocked to see, flaunting themselves in his streets, fashions which even the best Westerners regard as too free or too fast 1 The grand Mufti of Beirut, although very friendly to the American community, recently refused to attend one of its functions. He pleaded, "I cannot bring myself to sit there among your 'maksiyat aariyat-your "clothed-unclothed dames!"

It is not only the Westerner who has misrepresented Christ's religion. Among Eastern Ohurches, also, there is often a performance very unworthy of their profession. A college principal in Egypt once asked some Moslem students the reason why Moslem nations are so backward in relation to other nations. The students replied: "It is not a result of religion; that is clear. We admit that yon are more truthful and honest. But the reason lies in race. If it were religion, the Ooptic Ohristians would be more honest than we are. But they cheat at examinations more than we do, and they are more immoral." Of course the Moslem believes his eyes rather than the protestations of a few earnest souls who try to explain the matter away.

NATIONALISM. In more than one country, where education is breaking down barriers of ignorance and prejudice, narrow nationalism is building a fresh and formidable barricade. Turkey, Egypt, Palestine and Moslem India are aflame with that sad parody of patriotism which makes antagonism and not service its aim. There is a certain type of Egyptian student who thinks he has done a fine thing for his country and supported her dignity if he has been rude to a foreigner. As an obstacle to Christianity, this race consciousness is formidable. Ohristianity is a foreign religion, therefore, they argue, it is unpatriotic. The saddest part of this is that Western nations have taught it to the East. It is a historical fact that the nationalism of antagonism arose in Western Europe, and has been carried eastward first by the imperialism and snobbery of merchants, tourists and officials, and secondly by the frightful example of jealousy and hatred which culminated in the war of 1914.

HINDRANCES TO CHRISTIAN WORK FOR MOSLEMS

Those who live in the West are responsible. Many Moslem stu- dents and others travel to Europe and America and see for them- selves the condition of civilization there. Some are shocked; some are cynically amused. Practically all return to the East with their prejudice strengthened. We can hardly expect them to admit that the vices of the West are in spite of the Gospel, not due to it. The Western nations are not Christian, and it is a wrong to our Master to call them so. But the visiting Moslem too rarely sees the spirit of Christ displayed in practice. If he does so, he is reverent. But Christianity more often means to his mind bootlegging, gambling and prostitution.

This obstacle is one that must be overcome in the West as well as in the East. Those who love their Lord in England and America may serve their Moslem brethren effectively by welcoming contacts with Mohammedan visitors and by putting a living Gospel before them. They share the blame if they fail to do so.

FAILURES OF CHRISTIANS. A stumblingblock is cast before Mos- lems not only by nominal Christians but by the failures of genuine . disciples. There is our imperialism, our quiet but arrogant assump- tion of superiority. A few missionaries talk about "niggers" with contempt or studied neglect. Not all are free from the charge of car- rying themselves with a superior attitude. Christians have gone to serve Moslems as a sacrificial duty but how few have loved the peo- ple themselves! "Zeal for men's souls while we care not at all for them personally and prefer to keep away from all intimate acquaint- ance with them is. a very hideous form of hypocrisy." Our behavior may be courteous and yet unsocial, judged with an unprejudiced mind. The missionary sitting in a public vehicle will often take out his book lest he should waste precious minutes. His honest opinion is that it is a praiseworthy thing to resist indolence of mind. But what if the courtesy he owes as a guest of the East demands rather that he adopt its social custom and talk with his felIow-passengers7 Even about indifferent matters for the mere sake of talking1 It is not because he hopes for opportunities of directly religious conver- sation. That is not a sufficiently disinterested aim. "Christ loved men, loved to be with them, loved them for their own sake and found joy in association with them, even if there was not an opportunity to preach to them. He was like a jeweler who loves to handle and study and admire pearls even though he makes no profit in the proc- ess; like an artist who loves to sit before fine paintings with no thought at all of possessing them. The way to bring Christ's mes- sage to the Moslem is to imitate His attitude."

In the last analysis it is Christ's followers, who are the obstacle. In West and East we misrepresent Him and the word of God is bound because we bind it. Alas, that it should ever be true that the Mos- lem seeing our lives should say, "If that is Christianity I do not want it."

4

Christian Approach to

BY REV. W. WILSON CASH, D.S.O., LONDON, ENGLAND General Secretary of the Church Missionary Society n .AMONG Christians, when a man is referred to as a Jew, immedi- ately people usually react unfavorably because of all they understand by the mere word. A man is judged not for what he is, but by what his name has come to mean in the minds of many. In the same way, the Moslem is prejudiced against anyone called "Christian," because of the background of history extending from the days of Mohammed to the present.

I. The difficulty of the Christian approach to Islam is seen, first of all, in the Moslem idea of Christianity. Nisarani, or Christian, is a strong term of reproach in Moslem lands, amounting almost to a curse. When two Moslems are having an angry dispute, one will call the other Nisarani to express his complete contempt and scorn of his opponent. This attitude of Moslems to Christians was in the mind of a member of the Moslem Conference in Jerusalem in 1924 when he thus described the missionary's task: To persuade the pr·oudest man on earth to accept a message he detests from a people he despises.

The Koran abounds in references to Christianity, and Mohammed came frequently into direct contact with the Eastern churches. To him it was the husks of a once-living faith. He saw it as a dying religion, suffocated under an immense pile of superstitions, inventions and fables, and sunken in idolatry, and weakened by corruptions. The divisions, bitter controversies, religious and credal rivalries made it almost impossible for an Arab to see JESUS CHRIST in the tangle of theological controversies. The worship of the Virgin stamped Christians as idolaters, and the priesthood of the day gave undoubtedly the impression that the Christian faith did not stand for the direct access of the soul to GOD•. It is little wonder, therefore, that Mohammed should have turned away from Christianity to found a faith on simpler lines, a faith that made GOD accessible to all, without any place in its system for monasticism or priestcraft.

In spite of all this, something of the sweet reasonableness of the Christian spirit appears to have touched Mohammed for, in all his references to Christianity, he is less severe than when speaking of the Jews. This is no doubt largely due to the fact that it was in the formative and creative period of the Mecca days that Mohammed met Christians. It is one of the tragedies of Christian history that this seeker after GOD could not find the goal of his search in Christ because of the failure of the Church adequately to represent the spirit and teaching of its Master.

786 What were the things that .Mohammed attacked in Christianity'/ I draw the following list from the references to Christianity in the Koran: 1. He complains of the bitter hatred of everything non-Christian, and the lack of appreciation of good in other faiths. This he attributes largely to the monks and priests. (See Sura 5.85.) 2. They consign, he says, all non-Christians (including Moslems) to Hell. (See Sura 2.105.) 3. He criticizes their narrow sectarianism and reminds them that "On thc resurrection day GOD shall judge between them as to that in which they differ." (See Sura 2.107-110.) 4. He criticizes Christianity because it teaches the Crucifixion of Christ, who, he says, was not crucified.

5. He attacks the doctrine of the Trinity, and the doctrine of the Sonship of Christ.

6. His main line of attack, however, is the whole Christian conception of GOD, as he knew it. It does not appeal to the Arab mind. It seems to lack any strong faith in thc' absolute sovereignty of GOD: Love, sympathy, service and sacrifice do not form any essential part of Mohammed's conception of GOD: He is more attracted by the Old Testament picture of a God, mighty in battle, oinnipotent and supreme, ruling as He wills the nations of the carth.

To this must be added the fact that Mohammed claimed to be in direct prophetic succession with all previous prophets. He did not set out to establish a new faith, but to build upon what he thought was the one world religion from the time of Adam.

When we remember that Mohammed's idea of Christianity represents the ideas of the whole Moslem world today; that where he misunderstood our faith, Moslems still misunderE#;and it; and where he attacked it, his followers still do the same, we will at once see that to study the right approach of Christians to Islam, we must take very serious account of past mistakes; and that, in our presentation of our message, we must take care that it is the unadulterated message of Christ we offer, and not a watered down, diluted form of Western Christianity.

MOSLEM CONCEPTIONS oJ<' CHRISTIANITY II. A second great factor must be remembered in approaching Moslems. Their conceptions of Christianity as seen in the Koran, traditions and history, are further strengthened by Moslem contacts with Christianity today. The Eastern churches have really changed very little since Mohammed's day. The ignorance of the priests, the lack of a strong spiritual life, and the absence of a presentation of Christianity in terms of social service and love, often confirm Moslems in the vi/ilw that their estimate of Christianity is accurate.

There are also the impressions gained of our faith by contacts with Western powers. Rightly or wrongly the Moslem attributes as a rule what is done by Western powers to Christianity. In his mind the Moslem does not say simply England or France or Italy did so

and so, but the Christians did it. He cannot distinguish between so-called Christian nations and Christianity. To the Moslem they are the same.

Let me illustrate this by what has happened recently in Syria. '1'he French Government completely misunderstood the Druse and the Arab. They mishandled the situation, and thus drove the people into rebellion, and to quell it they bombarded the open and defence- Ipss town of Damascus, with little thought of the consequences to women and children. The people of Damascus link all this in their minds with Christianity; hence the fears that have been expressed of a massacre of Christians. We know that this sort of thing does not in the remotest degree represent Christianity, but the Moslem is convinced that it does.

The wealth of Western nations gives the Moslem a picture of Christianity as something material, a faith that makes people rich, strong, powerful, and naturally they view us all as materialistic people with little or no idea of anything beyond this world. In preaching to Moslems, I have frequently been asked, "Do the Christians say any prayers ~" 'Ve often appear to them as rich and powerful, but pagan in thought and outlook.

A further problem arises through the confusion between civilization and Christianity. The two are not the same, but the Moslem cannot see it. The missionary task is to show Christianity as something infinitely greater than, and widely different from present-day civilization. The missionary must go further than this. He must show that organized Christianity today is not a complete representation of the faith of Jesus Christ. If it is necessary to show Christianity as greater than civilization, it is more necessary to make clear that Christ is infinitely greater than our picture of Him. The divided state of Christendom and the warring of sects, the clash of creeds and sectarian differences must be dissociated in our approach to the Moslem from the message that Christ brought into the world. The Moslem cannot understand the subtleties of our creeds, and the differences of our sects, but he can readily grasp the simple teaching of Jesus Christ, and no missionary work will be effective among Mos· lems that does not make Christ central and universal. It may rea· sonably be argued that this is done today; hut have we, as missionaries, really come face to face with Jesus Christ in His desire to express Himself through us to the Moslem mind ~ Very often it is an expression of Christ discolored by the mixture of Westernisms, denominationalism, and racial prejudices; and all the time the Moslem world is crying out for us to show it the full glory, beauty and character of Jesus Christ.

III. This leads me to the heart of the subject-the missionary task today. Protestant missions have occupied almost all the strategic centers of the Moslem world. They have built up, in the past

THE CHRJS'l'1AN APPROACH TO MOSLJ<:,MS

fifty years, great educational institutions, which have in turn given to the Moslem world a new reading public. They have carried out far-reaching social reforms through medical missions, and the hospitals, more than any other agency perhaps, have shown Islam what Christianity really is. Missionary doctors have proved to be a great asset in many Moslem lands. These two arms of missionary service, education and medicine, have together created a new situation that is bright with hope and promise. A widespread evangelism, the sale of the Scriptures, and the dissemination of Christian literature have laid foundations for a great advance, and, in many ways, the missions have been but a preparation for the day now dawning. This makes it all the more imperative that we should study the situation, and, above all, study ourselves and our work. If the Moslem is now awake, in touch with Western thought, and if he is thinking in new terms of modern life, and if he is no longer expressing himself in the language of a dead orthodoxy, but in living accents of a fuller life, and a wider liberty and freedom, then it behooves every missionary to ask himself whether he has a message to meet this need.

Most will agree that the old method of controversy is Iiot only out of date, but that it is a wrong approach to the Moslem. He is not an enemy to be defeated in argument, nor is he simply a sinner to be saved. He is a human being, throbbing with new ambitions, and demanding something that will help the whole life-body, soul and spirit. He is a brother beloved in search of God, and we must approach him as such if we would be any help at all. We start then by placing ourselves alongside our Moslem brother, on an equal footing with him, and in no sense as superior to him. We start by a brotherly contact which says: We both need God, we are both seeking God, let us seek for Him together. The missionary will thus begin as learner and teacher at the same time.

The Moslem to whom we speak has a long background of mif'lunderstandings. He at first will think, because we are Christians, that we are, therefore, narrow-minded, bigoted, fanatical and bitter enemies of Islam. His mental picture of us is Mohammed's, and he will naturally be suspicious and on his guard. He will be on the defensive, and will be ready to jump to the attack at any moment. As long as that complex remains, he is impervious to the missionary approach, and a pathway must be prepared that will enable discussion to be carried on in a spirit of friendship and mutual trust.

When friendship has been established the question arises as to what we are to teach. The Moslem will want to discuss the Trinity, and will plunge into the most intricate problem of theology because he revels in such discussions. He is used to them in Islam, and his zeal in this direction is only equalled by the love of political discussio;ns in the West. The missionary has really only one task-rightly to present Jesus Christ and so to represent Him that the Moslem

will be attracted to the Person of Ohrist, and not side-tracked by the theologies of Christianity.

I remember sitting with a group of sheikhs who tried hard to get me to discuss theology. Each time I said, ".My task is to show you Ohrist; I am His witness." I drew out my New Testament, and began reading- the Sermon on the Mount. I came to the verse "He that is angry with his brother" and at this point a Moslem sheikh broke in angrily, and said, "That is a lie." I was astonished, and appealed to the others sitting near. They all agreed with me that the teaching in the verse was true. The man brought other sheikhs, and made me read the verse again. I did so, and they agreed with lI!-e. Each time the angry sheikh said, "Is not that a lieF' "No," they all said, "it is perfectly true." A donkey boy standing near was evidently enjoying the scene, and taking a lively interest in the discussion. At last he broke in and said, "Do you want to know why the sheikh dislikes those words' Last night he tried to murder his brother in a fit of temper." The sheikh crimsoned with shame, and walked away, while the rest of the audience rocked with laughter. This sheikh had, for the first time, been brought face to face with Jesus Ohrist, and he felt himself judged; his conscience smote him when he was brought up to a great moral issue.

It is along this line I believe that our right approach lies. Moslems must be brought to face the great moral and spiritual issues of life, and to face them in the light of Ohrist and His Life. I have always found that along this line the Moslem is ready to respond, and that, having aroused in him an interest in the Person of Ohrist, he always goes on to ask, "If you so love Ohrist, why then do you say He was crucified?" The story of the Crucifixion as the unveiling of Divine Love is a new and complete revelation to him; and here again he comes face to face with Ohrist, and the claims He is making on that Moslem's life. The Cross interpreted in this way does not call out an angry retort, but a reverent respect and wonder. The appeal is irresistible. The Moslem, with his brother Christian, feels that he is on holy ground. He comes to criticize and argue, and stays to worship the Son of God Who loved him and gave Himself for Moslems. Thus the full truth of the Ohristian faith unfolds itself perfectly naturally and at each stage he is in touch with the reality of the living Christ. His Personality dominates the situation, and, as the Moslem responds, so he sees that this Man is the man-the one perfect Man the world has seen. Once this is grasped, the missiona.ry should be careful to stand aside, so that Ohrist may complete His work. It is after all an easy stage to the sincere seeker to pass from contact with Christ, the Man to the full vision of the Son of God visiting humanity with redeeming Love. The main and essential condition is that the contact from the outset must be between the Moslem and Ohrist Himself, and not simply between the Moslem and the

SLAM'S GREATEST FAILURE

missionary. Christ often cannot be seen because we stand in the way.

Our great need in the study of a new situation in the Moslem world is for us missionaries to come face to face with Jesus Christ, and to learn from Him how we may adequately represent our Mastel'. This may involve the shedding of many cherished prejudices, and the scrapping of much we have done; but, whatever else it means, it must lead to a new unity, fellowship and cooperation on the part of all missions in tl~e face of a common task. The Kingdom of God is greater than any of our missions, and our loyalty to Christ is supreme over any sectional loyalty to our particular Church or society. In this day of opportunity, can we not enthrone Christ as the one Head of all our work ~ Can we not think in terms of the Kingdom of God, and determine that we will be governed in our thinking by no less terms than the Saviour Himself and His Kingdom 1 Islam's Greatest Failure* BY REV. STEPHEN VAN R. TROWBRIDGE, MAADI, E/J-YPT World's Sunday School Association O NE OF the most delicate and perfect tests of the value of a religion is its treatment of children. To what extent does it reveal God to their inexperienced and eager minds 7 How far does it transform and beautify and safeguard their characters by the mysterious interaction of God's Spirit and their wills 1 Does the religion produce in them a faith which drives out base thoughts and conquers the insidious temptations which throng aud threaten childhood?

If you leave the modern quarter of Cairo and walk down through the narrow, crooked streets, you soon find yourself absorbed in watching groups of ragged, tanned urchins playing, begging, idling, gathering into tin GRns quantities of filthy cigarette stubs, and attempting to get a glimpse of the Sunday-school picture cards, if you happen to be carrying a few in your hand. If you know Arabic, you listen to what they are saying. Often you wish you had not heard. Sometimes you see one of the more daring youngsters attempting to pick pockets on the street cars. Your heart heats faster and you feel an unutterable sense of yearning and pathos, as step by step, you come to realize that their only knowledge of God is through the sin-stained life of Mohammed. Their only glimpse of paradise is from the fleshly passages of the Koran. Their .only thought of truth has its ultimate source in Mohammed's own complex self-consciousness-a marvelous blend of prophetic illumination, political .. Brief extracts from a pamphlet published by Mr. Trowbridge from whom copies may be had.

subtlety, and bold, selfish falsehood. All these children have is Mohammed!

Face to face with the problems of temptation and sin, the prophet of Mecca is a warning rather than an inspiration. His life is the tragedy of a splendid spiritual beginning and a lustful, selfish eilding. The Koran is certainly not a book to sanctify and beautify and fill with joy the lives of the children. Far f.om it.

Mohammed never revealed the Fatherhood of God, but with tremendous energy and persistence, year after year, did everything in his power to repudiate and root out this thought from the minds of men.

Mohammed could not summon the children to see in him the life of the Father, because his heart and hand had cOlmtless times boldly sinned against the laws of God.

"The mystery of the Holy Incarnation, and the story of the precious death of the Son of God, are put before them only as heresies to be adjured and trampled on."

"The children of Moslem lands are the same as those of Christendom, as troublesome, as erratic, as affectionate, as delightful to do with as the most ardent boy-lover at home ever found them; bubbling with energy and mischief, keen to see and learn anything you have time to show them; only tainted already with evil in its deadliest forms, that will have them in its grip long before they are men.

"What is to be done for them, these, our little brothers, for whom Christ died?" Are we doing our best for the Kingdom of Christ when we are letting boy-lives drift past us, with their precious chances, into tough Moslem manhood, unchallenged for Him 1 Dr. S. M. Zwemer has been gathering evidence from every corner and metropolis of Moslem lands. He says: "Because of general immoral conditions, which beggar description, many of our correspondents speak of the terrible physical inheritance of Moslem childhood."

As you survey these countries and catch a glimpse of the vast multitudes of Christless children, what are ,your thoughts 1 A PICTURE OF MOSLEM WOMANHOOD WITHOUT CHRIST

Converts to

BY THE RIGHT REV. J. H. LINTON, ISFAHAN, PERSIA Bishop of Persia, Church Jfissionary Society SUPERSTITIONS die hard. An American lady, staying with us at present, is travelling through Persia making a "study" of the country, its conditions and aspirations. She is firmly per- suaded that all Persians who possess initiative and resource are Ba- hais. Some days ago she was introduced to a young Persian Chris- tian who has suffered a good deal of persecution for his faith in the Lord Jesus Christ. He is one of those aggressive workers that count so much in the spread of the Gospel. He boldly confesses Ohrist among Moslems, and rejoices to do so. Among the outstanding characteristics of the man are his initiative and zeal. I asked the lady what $11l' thought of this young fellow. uOh," she replied, "he is undoubt- edly a Bahai. " I asked on what she based her conviction. She said, "He has such splendid initiative!" Some day this lady will prob- ably write a book, and will refer to this young fellow as a splendid example of the go-ahead methods so characteristic of the Bahais! She has pre-judged the case.

I had almost begun to believe that the other superstition was dead-that" there are practically no Moslem converts to Christian- ity." The mischief of it is that one cannot help being influenced by one's own experience, and so one forgets the numbers of people who "have been in Moslem lands and know that there are no converts." It is the same old trouble of wrong premises. Let me therefore , plunge straight into the matter and present facts.

A "Chance" Meeting.-One day last week, by one of those strange coincidences that we sometimes call" chance," four Persian men met in my study. One had been a government official, employed in various Persian government offices, latterly in the Finance De- partment. The second was a son of a well-known Mujtahid (a doc- tor of the Sacred Uaw of Islam, who has authority to give a judg- ment). The third was a Sa,'llyid (a descendant of the prophet Mo- hammed). His father was the leader of the prayers in the mosque in one of the sacred cities. The fourth was an educated servant. They had one thing in common: they were all converts to Christian- ity.

As they spoke with one another, tellinl2: of their experiences, my heart burned within me, and I praised God for the Love and Power that had brought these men to the feet of the Saviour. I suggested that it would be l2:ood to give one another a testimony as to how we were brought to Ohrist. I began by t~lling the story of my own conversion as a boy, and how God had let me out to the mission field.

Then the ex-government official told how, for many years, he 793

THE lIIlSSlONAHY HEVIBW OF 'fnE WORLD

had been seeking spiritual satisfaction. He knew he was a sinner, but saw no way of escape. (Once a Moslem gets to the realization of the fact of sin, the call of Christ makes an irresistible appeal to him.) Then a serious illness brought him as an in-patient to the C. M. S. Hospital in Isfahan. He there heard the message of the Gospel, had talks with missionaries and others, and, at length, accepted Christ as his Saviour. He had a difficult time at home. His wife, a very strong-minded woman, would have nothing to do with him and he had to live in a room by himself in his own home! His wife's story, which I heard on another occasion was an interesting sidelight on it all. At one time she had seriously planned to poison him, hut at length his patience under her lashings, and the steadfastness of his faith, together with his undoubted change of life co~vinced her, and she too was led to faith in the Lord Jesus Christ. The whole family at length became Christians, and the "atmosphere "of that home was too much even for the lady traveler to whom I have referred. The man is now the pastor in charge of the Persian Christian Church in this town. The distinguished mark of his life is his " other worldliness."

The second man told of how he lived in a town some distance from Isfahan and was a teacher in a government school. His father, now dead, was a well-known Moslem priest and Mujtahid as was his brother. A Persian friend introduced him to the New Tes- tament, which he read for some time and, after some· conversations with his friend, he was led out into the light and liberty of the Gospel. He spent much time in reading the Scriptures and in prayer and preached on two occasions in the mission church. On the third occasion, he invited a number of his Moslem friends to be present as he wished to give his testimony. He spoke to them freely of his new found faith and of the contrast he had found between Christ and Mohammed, between the teaching of the Gospel and that of the Koran. There was naturally some disturbance, for in this Moslem land there is as yet no religious liberty. Some one ran and told his brother, the Mulla., who straightaway fainted and on recovering Call sciousness, condemned his brother, the "apostate," to death, ac cording to the Law of Apostasy in Islam. The young Christian was haled before the Governor in whose presence and in the face of the strictest cross-examination by the MuUas, he again witnessed to his faith in Christ Jesus. The people demanded thllt the Law of Apostasy be applied, but at length he was handed over to the police, escorted to the frontier, and exiled from his country. A few days ago he arrived in Isfahan. I cannot disclose the details, but it was a heartening experience for a missionary among Moslems to hear that man tell what God had been to him in Christ .Tesus. His fearlessness and his c11eeriness are a joy to behold. He preached at our service for Persian Christians on Sunday and told his story. Then the

MOSLEM CO);VEH'l'S" '1'0 CHlUSTJ ANITY

whole congregation stood and commended him in prayer. He goes forth not knowing what awaits him, but with a fair certainty that it will mean" bonds and imprisonment."

The third convert, the Sayyid, came to see me a good while ago, when he was a "Divinity student" in one of the Moslem colleges here. He came to Isfahan to study Islam under a well-known Moslem teacher, but the result is that he lost his faith in Islam altogether. He came to talk with me about the teaching of Jesus, but drew back at the exclusiveness of His claims. It was hard for a man, brought up as he had been in the strictest teaching of the Shari'at, to acknowledge that there was "no other Name under heaven, given among men whereby he must be saved" but the Name of Jesus. No wonder that he was unwilling to accept the word, ' , No man cometh unto the :F'ather but by Me." I lost sight of him for a long time, but he was surrounded by prayer though he knew it not. A few months ago I was accosted on the street by a Sayyid, and though I had only seen him once before I was sure that he was the same man for whom we had been p"raying. I made an appointment and when he came to see me he at once raised the usual objections as to the Deity of our Lord. Finally he promised to read a portion of St. John's Gospel every day, with a prayer for light, with a vow to God to follow what light he saw, and to confess before men if he saw Jesus as his Saviour and his God. In a week he was back, convinced and professing conversion. He has confessed Christ before Christians but not, so far as I know, before Moslems. The testimony of the previous speaker clearly impressed and strengthened him, and it is possible that before these lines appear in print he will have taken all the risks and will have made a public confession in baptism. Out here, "public baptism" will mean that within one hour the news will be pr6claimed among all the leaders of Islam in this city; his friends will mock him and count him unclean; they will refuse to drink out of the same vessel that he has used; he will be refused permission to enter the public baths or to drink from the public fountains j he wiII be called" Apostate" by those who have been proud to be called his friend. Public baptism means counting the cost, but it has been done over and over again out here. If our old Baptism Register could speak it could tell many a talc of what following Christ means to the Moslem whose name has now been written in that register, and in the "Lamb's Book of Life."

The fourth man, the servant, told very simply how he had been given up as incurable. The doctors had" given him his answer" as he expressed it. He came to the mission hospital, and was persuaded that prayer was the chief factor in his healing. Another member of his family was also healed in a remarkable way. He was convinced that in this way God was calling him to faith in the Lord Jesus Christ. He responded with his whole being. His wife and son have

also been converted and will shortly be baptized. Some weeks ago we were leaving the evangelistic service in church, where a large number of Moslems had been present. Among them was a m?tlla who is a very strong opponent of our work. He acts as a spy to find out who are interested, and then he sets to work to try to prevent their conversion. This servant, of whom I have been telling, went over to the mulla and said, "Friend, you heard a message of grace this morning. Will you respond 1" It takes some courage to speak to a m'ulla in that fashion. Something has" cast out fear"!

The above testimonies show four types of Moslems whom Christ Himself has touched and drawn to faith in Him. And what shall I say more, for time would fail me to tell of the four hundred and ,"'"——————"",, J-t – – – – – !920'_ _ _ _- – – – " ' – MISS10NARlE5 RETUItN 1$111·,8 FAMINE. CHOLERA, INFt.UENtA I!;JJ5 • WOr:!lD WAR, MISSIONARIES WITHDRAWN 3> 1910 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _""'·5 ,, "05—–___________.!." ::.~ 101 —- / GROWTH OF MOSLEM CONVERTS IN PERSIA 1895 _ _B/ : IN THE 1lNGLISH CHURCH MISSION, I Chart by Bishop J. H, Linton, f – – Moslem AduJt Baptisms in Isfahan, each 5 years. I …….. Total Baptisms. Adult and Children, each 5 years. lMO–/3 I 1096.5 , lea-._r FIRST BP.PlIS"'l twelve converts from Islam and their children who have been baptised in Isfahan in the last forty years, and the smaller numbers in some other towns in South Persia, such as Yezd, Kerman, and Shirazo. Our brethren in the American Presbyterian Mission could add their testimony as to those in the north of Persia who, with like faith and courage, have witnessed a good confession to Jesus Christ.

Wherein lies the supposed impossibility of Moslems coming to a saving faith in the Lord Jesus Christ~ Is it some imagined weakness inherent in the power of the Lord Jesus HimselH Is He able to save the American, the Englishman, the Hindu or the Animist, but does His power fail when it meets the Moslem 7 Is the Moslem not to be reckoned among those "for whom also Jesus Christ died 1"

Is there some failure in the Gospel itselH We can speak only from our own experience of it. I have been a missionary for twenty-

MOSLE,M CONVERTS TO OHRISTIANITY

two years in Nigeria, and on the north-west Frontier of India, and in Persia, and in all these places I have seen Moslems who have come under the spell of the Love of God in Christ Jesus, and have been won to Christ. I look back on a day, three years ago, when on one occasion I baptised fifteen Persian men, mostly converts from Islam j a few were from Bahaism and one was a Zoroastrian. On one day last year even this record was broken, and this year we h~1Ve mor~ candidates for baptism than ever in the history of the work out here.

What is the scereU There is no secret. We are simply trying to fulfil the terms of our commission: "Preach the Gospel to every creature." We avoid barren controversial methods. We were not sent to criticise Islam or any other faith, but to "preach the GospeL" So we go forth with the Word of God in our hands and we preach the Gospel as we find it therein. We are proving that it is "the power of God unto salvation, unto everyone that believeth"-unto the Moslem as well as unto men of other faiths. We have no new Gospel for the Moslem. We preach to him Christ Jesus, God's only begotten Son, crucified, risen, ascended, reigning, returning. We dilute nothing. We keep back nothing. Our chief literature is the Word of God. We try, and fail badly, as we ourselves will most readily confess, to practice fully what we preach but our aim is to let the Moslem "see Jesus." Our hospitals and schools are meant to be an expression of the Gospel. These, and all our other missionary work, are primarily "evangelistic" in their aim. In every department of our work we are out to "do the work of an evangelist. " We preach in faith, expecting that God will win souls, believing that He is able to save to the uttermost all that come to Him through Jesus Christ. And we append our testimony that God is true to His word and to His promise.

In all this we rejoice to recognize the splendid service of the Persian Christia~s, for humanly speaking, without their fellowship and testimony this work could never have been done. We are an one in Christ Jesus.

MOHAMMEDANISM AND OHlUSTIANITY W HY IS not the Koran as good as the Bible 1 Why is not the be- lief in one God according to Mohammed, just as helpful to hu- manity as the Gospel of Christ? Mohammedanism denies Christianity as revealed by Christ: It is monotheism without the Christ of God, and, therefore, without the God of Christ. Jesus of the Koran is a character obscured by more dominant personalities. Mohammed denies His Deity and atonement on the cross and His resurrection and ascension.

The Islamizing of a people is a misfortune. The only thing that can overcome the power of Islam is the power of Christ.

Atiyeh-A Product in

BY REV. W. G. GREENSLADE, BEIRUT, SYRIA M;ss;onary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

O N A STORMY night in February, 1865, a young Syrian took refuge in the home of Dr. Henry H. Jessup in Beirut. He came from a village in the Northern Lebanon, near rrripoli. His father and mother were Maronites and had turned him out of doors because of his leaning towards the teaching of Protestant missionaries. When he made his way to Beirut, where his brother lived, the brother, too, drove him away because he persisted in reading his New Testament. Then Yusuf Atiyeh walked the streets until, at midnight, he found the home of Dr. Jessup, the young Christian missionary from America.

At almost the same time, a Mohammedan from Damascus was in prison in Beirut on the charge of having become a Christian; and it was reported that two others had been put to death in Damascus for the same "crime." This coincidence had a remarkable effect upon the homeless young Lebanese, and was the beginning of an experience which led him, years later, to be the means of presenting Christian truth to multitudes of Moslems.

On May 25th of this year (1926) Yusuf Deeb Atiyeh died in Tripoli, Syria, at the age of ninety-four years. He was known to only a small circle of friends; but his book "Sweet First Fruits" (the first of several anonymously published books) is known whereever there are missions to Moslems. He was a modest, humble man who hid himself completely that Christ might live through him.

The first Arabic edition of B akura or "Sweet First }~ruits" was published in Leipsic, and was considered so valuable that it was translated into English by Sir William Muir, for use in Mohammedan countries where Arabic is not well understood.

It was placed on sale in Egypt and some copies reached Syria. The first Arabic edition being soon exhausted, it was reprinted by the missionaries in Egypt in an inexpensive form and has since been translated into Persian and some of the languages of India. A young Moslem effendi told Dr. Jessup that he was led to accept Christ as his Saviour by reading a copy in the Azhar University in Cairo.

Sir William Muir said, in his preface to the English translation: "It is a work, in many respects, the most remarkable of its kind which has appeared in the present day. It may take the highest rank in apologetic literature, being beyond question one of the most powerful treatises on the claims of Christianity that has ever been addressed to the Mohammedan world."

798 Atiyeh's second book, "Minar ul Hoc," was pronounced superior to the first and other good volumes followed, but none are so widely and so favorably known as "Sweet First Fruits."

But whatever may be said of the persuasiveness of the pen of Yusup Atiyeh may be said with double force of the persuasiveness of his life. He began his study of Arabic under the direction of an uncle, who was secretary of the Emir Beshir Shehab, a powerful feudal lord of the Lebanon. He continued a student throughout his life and attained an unusual knowledge of both the Bible and the Koran, and could repeat most of ,…—~—-' —–~….,., the latter from memory. After becoming a Protestant Christian, he was given a theological training and, for many years, was pastor of village churches in the Lebanon and other parts of Syria. While engaged in this work in obscure places, he began the literary work which carded his influence into many lands and to peoples of many tongues.

But his activities were not all of the study. After serving the church in Horns for two years, he went to Safita where he built a church and a manse; then he moved to Beirut, where he also built a church and a manse; then he was called to several other YUSEF ATIYEH. SYRIAN PREACHER AND AUTHOR places in succession. Though not ordained, he became known as a persuasive preacher and a winsome pastor. Later he was placed in charge of the mission bookstore in Tripoli and found more opportunity for study, and became a close student of the Hadith, or :Mohammedan tradition. Finally he was released from all other duties to g'ive his full time to literary work.

When the W orId 'Val' broke out, Atiyeh was an old man, over eighty years of age, but he was still busily engaged in writing Christian literature for Moslems. The Turkish authorities searched his house and when they found the manuscript of his latest book, a criticism of the Hadith, they took him to prison in Beirut. where they kept him several days, and then haled him before the military court. Some of his friends pleaded for the clemency of the court on the ground that the old man was a harmless dotard, but Yusuf Atiyeh was unwilling to be released on such a plea. He proclaimed to the court that he, Yusuf Deeb Atiyeh, was the author of the book in question, that he was no dotard, and that he had written it. out of love for his brother Moslems. The court sentenced him to two

years' imprisonment. "Later he was again brought before the court and was told that for some reason he had been released. Imagine the astonishment of the court when he immediately knelt down before the officials and offered a prayer of thanksgiving and a petition to God on behalf of the court which had tried'him.

As Atiyeh arose from his knees the president of the court recovered from his amazement sufficiently to say: "Are you not going to pray for the Sultan, and for the superior court in Damascus? And are you not going to thank us for our clemency in releasing you?"

Atiyeh's anSWer was: "I give thanks to none but my Heavenly Father who has heard my prayers and the petitions of my mauy brethren who have been praying for my release. God has heard and has broken my bounds. "

During his long life of distinguished service, Mr. Atiyeh was known to all as "Muallim Yusuf," the same title that is given to the simplest village teacher, or to a carpenter or mason. It never troubled him that he was denied honors and emoluments, or that his name did not appear on the title page of any of his books. It was enough for him that he was doing a needed work for his Lord.

During most of his life it was not even possible to print his books in Syria, and they could be circulated only wi"th great caution. At the outbreak of the war, the American Press in Beirut had actually printed the first part of his latest book, but conditions were so uncertain that it was deemed wisest to ship the printed sheets to England, where they still are. The publication of this book has never been completed.

The last few years were years of peaceful waiting. The pastor of the church in Tripoli says: "For the past ten years every time I have asked him 'How are you~' his answers have been confident. Sometimes he would say, 'I am ready'; sometimes' Mttka'ab' (shod as for a journey); sometimes' Mushayil' (i. e. with the kit slung over the shoulder, ready to set out); sometimes, 'Longing to be with my Lord.' " Nothing better could be said about the passing of Yusuf Atiyeh than to use words which he put in the mouths of two of the characters in "Sweet First Fruits." Ahmad Effendy al Cotely had just made the public confession of his faith in Christ, and was speaking of Yohanna Gheiyur, whose tract had first led him to study Chris- tian truth: "What do we not owe the writer of that beautiful epistle that guided us to the truth! Would that he had lived, and had seen the fruits of his work."

"Yes," answered Ahmed; "but he will see them in a more glorious way. in the presence of his Lord. The righteous pass away, but their fruits die not. They shall reap the harvest they have sown in that day when not a single grain shall fall to the ground."

~ ~,,-"B,B-S"T'""M~"E"'T"H-'O''D'S''' @

EDITED BY MRs. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBERG BLDG., PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Methods and Materials for Studying the boys and girls to make a trip the Moslem World through Moslem lands. Fascinating "A Moslem World, undergoing "Tourist Tickets" are printed with 'such varied, such extensive, such pro- coupons covering Arabia, India, found and such momentous changes, Persia, North Africa, Egypt and is of supreme interest and concern to all Christendom. The attention of Jerusalem, priced at the low rate of Christians is to-day riveted on Islam 10 cents per dozen, so that leaders as at no time since Moslem invasion may have them for all the boys and girls. There are also "Modes of ·of Europe. Seven out of eight Travel Cut-outs" to be furnished to Moslems Jive under flags of Christian each young tourist. A camel for the nations. The threatened and impend- .iourney across Arabia, an elephant ing disintegration of Islam calls for for India, a prancing horse for Persia, an adequate substitute. Only Christ a Nile boat for Africa, and a donkey .and His program can meet the on which to enter Jerusalem. Pat- terns for the six cut-outs are printed need."* on one sheet. Never before have our churches had Poster Patterns on MO'slem Lands," such an opportunity for mission by Maude Evelyn Bradley, are de- signed especially for "Two Young study. Never in all the yesterdays of Arabs" but may be used in connection with any book on Islam. They are to the world has there been any situation be made in the popular cut paper comparable to "The Moslem World work, and furnish valuable educa- ·To-day. " tional occupation for the makers as well as a colorful addition to the wall It is true, also, that never has there program. 'been available as adequate literature for mission study as is offered this year for the study of the Moslem World. To begin with, we have" Musa",' "Friends of the Caravan Trails",'

published by the Missionary Educa- by Elizabeth Harris, is a book for tion Movement, which furnishes an teachers of Juniors. It records, with adequate course for primary children, the subject matter, the actual teach- prepared by Mary Entwistle and ing experiences of the author with a .Jeanette Perkins. group of Junior boys and girls.

For Juniors, the materials are un- A valuable addition to the usually good. The Junior book, materials on the year's theme is to published by_ the Central Committee be found in Set. No.1 of the World for the United Study of Foreign Mis- Friendship Pictures. This set in- 'sions, is "Two Young Arabs"', by cludes four beautiful colored pic- A. E. and S. M. Zwemer. The booklet, tures, eleven by fourteen inches, '''How to Use Two Young Arabs," drawn by Fannie Warren, the artist ·contains suggestions for the course, who designed" The Children of Many together with seven patterns for Lands" posters. Included in the set 'handwork drawn by Maude Evelyn are pictures of Moslem children in Bradley. The course is arranged for India, Egypt, Persia and Arabia.

• (Statement from tlt-e Jerusalem (Jonference These pictures may be used in con- .;;1924.) aprice, 50. cents a set. lPrice. paper 50 cents, cloth 75 cents. 4Price, paper 50. cents, cloth 75 cents. 2Prlce, paper 50 cents. cloth 75 cents.

5 8()1

nection with the primary or junior Arabia books, or for independent missionary One thousand miles of railway built for and world friendship p,rograms in pilgrims, not dividends. Feb., 1909. o. p. week-day and Sunday-schools. Arabia, the desert of the sea. Dec., 1909.

Unusually good pictures are avail- 75 cents.

Notes on Oman. Jan., 1911. o. p.

able in picture sheets. The Missionary The Mystic N edjef, the Shia Mecca. Dec., Education Movement has four twelve 1914. 50, cents. page picture sheet· folders containing pictures of Moslem lands, each Mecca, the mystic. April, 1917. .50 cents. The flower of Paradise. Aug., 1917. 50 cents.

with a short description. They may The rise of a new Arab nation. Nov., be used for making posters, scrap 1919. 50 cents. May, books, albums, wall friezes or in various other ways. A visit to three Arab kingdoms. 1923. 50 cents.

Among the other pictures that are Palestine helpful in the course is the set en- The sacred ibis and cemetery· and jackal titled "The J1oslem World in Picture catacombs in Abydes. Sept., 1913, o. p.

and Story"," including a set of six Village life~ in the Holy Land. March, pictdres, eleven by fourteen inches, 1914. 50 cents.

Impressions of Palestine. 1farch, 1915.

in sepia, showing scenes from Persia 0, p. Jerusalem locust plague. Dec., 1915. 50 and Syril,t. rents.

The National Geographic Maga- A n old jewel in the proper setting. Oct., zine" is rich in picture materials ]918. o. P. which may be used in connection with the study of the :lfoslem world. The The last Israelitish blood sacrifice. Jan. 1920. 50 cents, following pictures will be found in For intermediates, there is a hand- book entitled "Lands of the Minathe files as indicated. The following list is quoted from ret",S by Nina Rowland Gano, "Friends of the Caravan Trails" by permis- containing a series of programs on sion of the Friendship Press. various phases of Moslem life and Egypt missionary work in Moslem lands~ with suggestions for projects of serv- The route over which Moses led the Children of Israel out of Egypt. Dec. 1909. ice, worship, and dramatization in 75 cents. addition to background material on the Mcslem world. Mrs. Gano tried The barrage of the Nile. Feb., 1910. 75 out her programs with a group of cents.

Sunrise and sunset from Mt. Sinai. Dec., intermediates in her own church. 1912. o. p. Reconstruction of Egypt's history. Sept., "Tales from Moslem La.nds"" is a 1!H3. o. p. pamphlet of hero stories for leaders Aloug the Nile through Egypt and the to tell in connection with the course Sudan. Oct. 1922. o. p. on "Lands of the Minaret" or other- At the tomb of Tutankhamen. May, 1923. courses for intermediates.

o. p. Maude Bradley has enriched the· Egypt, past and present. May, 1923. 50 supply of art designs with a "Cut-out Sheet of Moslem Types, "'0 giving eents. Crossing the untraversed Libyan Desert.

Sept., 1924. 50 cents. sketches illustrating the racial variety Cairo to Capetown overland. Feb., 1925. within Islam to be colored, cut out and pasted on any large map of 50 cents. Moslem lands. The land of Egypt. March, 1926. 50 For young people and adults there cents.

liPrice. 25 cents each. are three new books. "Ymtnq Islam 'Publip,bed by the Presbyterian Board of on Trek"," by Basil Mathews, Foreign Missions, 60 cents a set.

, '7The issues may be borrowed from, p-ubIfc Hbraries or may be ordered from the NaUona) !!Price, paper, 50 cents. Geographic Ma~azine. Washington, D. C., ex;" 9Price, paper, 50 cents. cept of course t4os_e ~hat are marked "0. p.", out lOPrice. 10 cents.

of print; l1Price, cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents.

926 1 BEST METHODS

sketches the rise and spread of Islam children and including every member of the congregation. and shows how the life of Moham- medan countries is being thrown into A QUOTATION MEETING turmoil by the impact of modern To acquaint a larger number of Western civilization and by the re- people with worth while words that lease of new spiritual forces. are being spoken and written is an The adult study book, published by opportunity and a challenge to mis- the Central Committee for the United sionary leadership. Stu d y of Foreign Missions, is . Quotations from books and maga- "Jioslem Women",'2 by A. E. and zInes. may make an interesting S . .:[ Zwemer. It would be impos- meetmg or a feature of a meeting. sible to find two authors of larger experience and more understanding The q.uotations may be selected by a insight into Moslem conditions than commIttee or by individuals and Dr. and Mrs. Zwemer. typed on separate sheets to be read In the book "The Moslem Faces the by different members. The wide Futw'e"/" by T. H. P. Sailer, As- sea~ch. through books, reports, and sociate in Religious Education of perIodIcals will be valuable. .An Teachers' College, Columbia Uni- entire meeting may be devoted profit- versity, we have a book for study ably to the reading and discussion of and discussion groups based largely quotations, or ten minutes of a Sunon fresh mat~rials concerning .the ~dea~yt-isncgh)coml aoyr class session or other dommant msoovcermal,entes d utchartoiuognhaol~t and be thus empl'oyed. Inreligious the dlVld:uals may be appointed to read Mo~lem W ~rld, f~rnished by ex- certam books or magazines and perIenced mISSIOnanes in the several present striking quotations from countries. the.m, or the quotations may be type- There are three maps available for WrItten and passed around, or printed the year's study in addition to the on posters.

missionary map of the world: '.' Islam is the only one of the great in AtwWo aclollo]Wrsa,paobtouthte3M3 oxsl4e8minW. osrhlod~"­ relIgIOns to come after Christianity; the only one that definitely claims to ing important places and distribution correc.t, complete and supersede c.f lIoslem population. Christi~nity; the only one that A large Ou,tline ,tlap of the Moslem categOrIcally denies the truth of ~VorlclF' for wall use, about 28 x 32 ~hristianity; .the only one that has, Inches. I~ t?e past, SIgnally defeated Chris- Small Outline Maps!6 are available tr.amty; the only one that seriously for individual use. Size 11 😡 14 dIsputes the world with sCevherirsatliapnairtty~· the only one that, in inches. With such an array of helps our of the ~o!ld, is to-day forestalling churches should have an unusually and gammg on Christianity."- succes,~flll year of mission study, and QUOTED BY CANON GAIRDNER, IN "The schools of missions should flourish Rebuke of Islam."

el!-r.olling members of all ages. Ad: "The Koran is a declaration of war against all mankind. Its last dItIOnal books for reading are listed chapter is a legacy of implacable aniin the Bibliography of the various mosity against the human race-outstudy b~oks. A reading program for side Islam. "-DEAN WILMAN.

an entrre congregation may be "Islam saw God but not m athn~'· planned beginning with the stories s::w the claims of deity but not which mothers read aloud to their rIghts. of humanity; saw authority ~Pr~ce, cloth. 75 cents; paper, 50 cents. but faIled to sdeeesfproeteisdmo,ms-ttifhfeerneefdorine~ hardened into Pr!ce, cloth, $1.00; paper. 60 cents. 14PrIce, 60 cents. to formalism, and sank into death. nprice, 25 cents. 16Price, 25 cents.

Mohammed teaches a God above us; to be. In the old days they came to Moses teaches a God above us and yet argue and controvert and insisted on with us; Jesus Christ teaches God doing so. 'L'o-day …. one is able to above us, God with us and God in preach the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ freely and plainly …. without US."-JAMES FREEMAN CLARKE. fear of interruption. "-w. T. FAIR- "Islam presents, even after the MAN. World War, the abolition of the Caliphate, and the present struggle "It is said that at the Lucknow for the possession of Mecca, a solidar- Conference several years ago there ity of organization unparalleled by were present five Christian clergyany other non-Christian religion." men who formerly had been Moslems. -A. E. AND S. M. ZWEMER in "Moslem At one time or another during the ..Vomen." Conference each of them bore his in- dividual testimony that the first thing "One seventh of all the children in which had drawn him toward Christ the world live under the shadow of was kindness shown him by some the crescent in the lands of Islam .. Christian." -A MISSIONARY. . . . . A conservative estimate based on the total Moslem world population "There can be no doubt that the gives the number of children under unity of Islam is rapidly dissolving. fourteen yea.rs of age at over 80,000,- The whole outlook upon life is chang- 000 . . . . . . The long unbroken line of ing. Strong nationalism, developing Moslem children, if, they stood to- in .each separate Moslem country, is gether holding hands, would stretch bringing about disruption and diviexactly twice around the globe's sion …. The dream of world conquest circumference. "-A. E. AND S. M. by the sword, furthermore, is at an ZWEMER in "Moslem Women." end. The penetration from without i~ going on steadily, but the great ,'Moslem minds are opening to new br('ak in Islam is from within. The ideas and impressions. Moslems are caliphate has ceased to be the rallyreading more widely and are study- ing centre."-A. E. AND S. M. ZWEMER ing the science of the West. Many in "lIoslem Women." are no longer content with the old Koranic laws in regard to women, "Islam has struck its tents and is and insist on education for both boys again on the march. The evidence is and girls. Out of this ferment, change too clear to be discussed with a light and revolution, nations are literally heart. Western civilization and Islam leaping into new life.' '-w. WILSON are entering one of those great periods of readjustment the like of which has CASH. not been seen for three centuries and Western civilization is prostrate and "Probably the greatest work divided."-New Y'ork World. Christian Missions have done in Mohammedan lands is to present in life "The sword of Mohammed and the and deed the fruits of Christianity. Koran are the most stubborn op- Hospitals, schools, relief of poverty, ponents of civilization, liberty and and integrity and honor in daily life truth the world has ever known."- have presented a new idea of service, religion, and manhood.' '-w. A. SIR WILLIAM MUIR.

SHEDD. LOCATING THE MOSLEM: POPULA.

"We must either give up missions TION to Moslems or go to them with the old Bible, the whole Bible, the Ten minutes with a map and a few martyr's faith. Anything else will charts will enable a leader to help a only confirm them in opposition to class or an audience to locate the Mo- Christianity. "-ST. CLAIR TISDALL. hammedans of the world. Follow the display of the map with the entrance " The spirit of these Moslems is of six boys and girls. The first should ~ntirely different from what it used

1926J BEST METHODS

carry a chart on which is printed in Other dates which may be similarly large, clear figures: presented are: Total Moslem Population of the 632-Death of Mohammed World, 234,814,989 636-Jerusalem taken 640-Conquest of Egypt This may be printed or pasted on 642-Moslem Conquest of Persia an outline map of the world. After 1453-Capture of Constantinople the audience has had time to read the chart, the leader may take a Other dates may be added as demoment for fuller statements. Five sired. "The Moslem Faces the other boys or girls may follow in Future", by T. H. P. Sailer, contains order, representing the continents. a very good historical chart, showing Each should carry a chart giving the contemporaneous happenings in the name of the continent represented various main areas of the Moslem and the Moslem population. These world, from the birth of Mohammed may be printed on plain cardboard or to the present.

superimposed on outline maps of the If an elaborate presentation of continents: dates is desired, twelve -persons may North America represent the twelve Moslem lands, 11,000 and present the dates in the chrono- South America logical order showing contempo- 193,429 raneons happenings as given in this chart. Australia and Polynesia 40,000 Europe TAKING TESTS 17,789,937 Africa This is an age of tests. Make the 59,444,397 most of them in mission study. If you do not think it advisable to Asia and Islands plnnge the average adult class into 157,336,206 abject humiliation and despair by giving them the tests prepared for The boys or girls who carry the adults, begin with Dne prepared for charts may give interesting facts concerning them.

IMPORTANT DATES juniors. The average adult of the average church may retain self-re- In a similar manner, the important spect but will have no cause for undates of Islam may be presented. seemly pride after taking one of these tests suggested for juniors. One person may carry a chart with the date, Two good True and False Tests are given on pages 33-38, "Friends of 570-Birth of Mohammed, and may say, as it is displayed, "You the Caravan Trails."

must remember me if you want to Dr. T. H. P. Sailer has prepared pass an intelligence test on lIoslem under the title "Tests on the Moslem affairs. I am the year of l'[ohammed 's World," some exceptionally good birth-570. ,,+ tests fOT special use with his book, On the second chart should be "The Moslem Faces the Future."

printed There is also a set of very interesting general tests called "What Do You 622-The Hegira The bearer Df this chart announces Know About the Moslem World 1"'" "Our year 622 is the beginning of which will be effective for groups studying any of the books on the years for Moslems. Their calendar theme. Two sections from the latter reads A. H. for Anno Hegirae instead set of tests are here suggested. of A. D., marking the Hegira, Moham- med's flight from Mecca to Medina." • Leaders may secure printed copies of both ·The figures "670" in the book "Moslem sets of tests and an answer key for the latter Women" are aD error in prInting, by application to denominationa1 literature headQ uarters.

A SINGLE-CHOICE TEST an oasis in the heart of Arabia which symbolizes paradise (2) Instructions: In each of the follow- another name for Heaven ing groups of statements put a cross among Mohammedans (3) after the number of the statement that you consider to be the correct pilgrimage center of the one. Moslem world (4) IX. The majority of the people in I. A sheik is; Jerusalem are: a well·dressed young lover (1) Mohammedans (1) a Turkish government official (2) Christians (2) a man of influence because of Jews (3) age, experience, or religious X. The majority of the people in the training (3) Holy Land are: a pilgrim of the Holy Places (4) Mohammedans (1) II. Fatima is: Christians (2) Jews (3) a common Oriental disease (1) a fine tobacco originating in XI. Mohammedans date their calendar Turkey (2) from: the Qneen of Sheba (3) Mohammed's first great mili· a favorite daughter of Mo· tary victory (1) hammed (4) the birth of Mohammed (2) the death of Mohammed (3) III. The Taj Mahal is: Mohammed's flight fro m a famous mosque ill Constan· Mecca (4) tiilOple (1) the birth of Christ (5) the Egyptian national antbem (2) XII. J eSlls' earthly life was cut short the title of the Emperor of at the age of thirty·three, but India (3) Mohammed's life was longer by a celebrated marble tomb (4) about: IV. A harem is: 5·l(} years (1) a kind of bloomers worn by 15·2,5 years (2) Oriental ladies (1) 25·35 years (3) the wife (or wives) of a 35·45 years (4) Moslem household, or the 45·50 years (5) section where she and the XIII. When Moslems pray, whether in other womenfolk Jive (2) India ~r Morocco, in Russia or the half dozen wives of a Mo· in South Africa, they always hammedan (3) face: a peculiar dance restricted to toward exact east (1) women (4) toward a certain small locality V. A millaret is: in Arabia . (2) a sacred place where people toward Constantinople (3) pray (1) toward the place on the an Oriental house·top (2) horizon (shiftillg according a tower used in caIling prayer (3) to the season) where the sun a dome with a spire . (4) actually rises ( 4) VI. A shah is: XIV. Irllq is an alternate name for: an Arabic exclamation of reo Syria (1) gret (1) Palestine (2) the supreme rnler in Persia (2) Mesopotamia (3) a rich young gallant (3) Arabia (4) the supreme ruler in Turkey ( 4) XV. The Koran is about the size of: VII. A caliph is: the New Testament (1) a Mohammedan high priest (1) the Old Testament (2) a supreme judge ill theological the whole Bible (3) disputes (2) much longer than the Bible (4) tne Mohammedan ruler recog· XVI. Mohammed lived about the year: (Underline correct date) nized as paramount (3) 500 B. C., 100 B. G., 1 A. D., the Mohammedan pope ( 4) 20() A. D., 500 A. D., 600 A. D., .700 A. D., 800 A. D., VIII. Mecea is: 1000 A. D.

a world·famous tobacco town in Arabia (1)

A CORRECT MATCHING TEST (1) Mustapha Egypt Kemal 1. The great cities listed in the first Persia column below are famous (2) Emir Feisal Arabia throughout the Mohammedan (3) Abd el Krim Mesopotamia world. Place the number of (4) Zaghlul Pasha India each before the name of the (5) Riza Khan Turkey country in the second column (6) Ibn Saud Morocco to which it belongs. Draw a (7) Shaukat Ali circle around the numbers of 'which you are sure. SILENT MESSAGES ( 1) Constantinople India Frequently the messages which are Soviet R u s s i a given in silence are most impressive. ( 2) Baghdad At one of the summer conferences, two young women, dressed in Moslem (Turkestan) costume, entered, each carrying a sheet of cardboard. On one was ( 3) Damascus Persia printed ISLAM IS and on the other ISLAM TEACHES. Following them, ( 4) Delhi French Sudan (West eight other girls entered, one at a time, carrying charts which completed Africa) the two sentences: ( 5) Cairo Syria ISLAM IS ( 6) Tehran Egypt The youngest of the wor}d's great re- ligions. ( 7) Angora Anglo·Egyptian Sudan Six hundred years younger than Chris· ( 8) Timbuktu Mesopotamia tianity.

( 9) Khartum Afghanistan A religion of intolerance.

(10) Mosul Turkey The religion of one seventh of the human race. (11) Bukhara Morocco ISLAM TEACHES (12) Singapore British Malaysia " There is no God but God and Mohammed (13) Fez is the Prophet of God."

(14) Kabul That God "created half of humanity for hell and cares not." II. Many of the greatest ruined cities of ancient history now That "God misleads whom He will and being excavated are in Moslem whom He will He guides." lands. Place the number of the city before the name of That polygamy has divine approval. the country to which it be- longs. Draw a circle around The two girls who entered first those numbers of which you stood on opposite sides on elevations are sure. sufficiently high that the eight girls who entered in order following them ( 1) Jerusalem Mesopotamia placed their· charts, one at a time, Turkey underneath to complete the sentence. ( 2) Carthage Palestine As each sentence was completed, the ( 3) Ephesus Tunis girls stepped to the side, four on one ( 4) Babylon Egypt side and four on the other side, until ( 5) Memphis Persia the audience had time to read all of ( 6) Samaria Syria the sentences and understand their ( 7) Persepolis significance. There was perfect silence ( 8) Palmyra followed by a special prayer for the ( 9) Thebes Moslem world and for missions to (10) Antioch Moslems.

[II. The follOWing great living Moslem leaders and statesmen are famous throughout the en- tire Moslem world and are mentioned repeatedly in our American newspapers. Num- ber as previously.

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY THE SOUL'S SINCERE DESIRE senting different parts of China met ATTAINED at Kuling was the real work begun.

CORA E. SIMPSON, R. N. At that time plans for the grading and registering of Schools of Nursing', Yes, it is a wonderful story, but with a uniform curriculum and systhe thrilling thing about it all is that tem of examinations with one nursing it is all beautifully true and it proves diploma for China were mapped out without a doubt that there is abso- and adopted. Miss Gage was elected lutely no limit to what God can and President and under her leadership will do for the individual willing to the first schools of nursing werfl trust and follow all the way He leads. registered and the first National Con- lt has been said that the record of ference was held in Shanghai in 1914.

the Nurses Association of China for At this conference the Chinese word the past dozen years is unsurpassed by for" nurse" was adopted and has any nursing organization in any land since passed into the language of the at any time in the world's history of people. The first examinations were nursing. Nursing in China was or- held in 1915 and the diploma secured ganized, developed, and brought to by two men and one woman. its present state of high professional efficiency by missionary nurses and The difficulties of the early days when the Chinese graduate nurses seemed almost unsurmountable. The take over the work of the entire or- nurses were far separated and travel ganization, as we fully expect them was difficult, dangerous and expensive.

to do within this generation, the work There were many dialects and the will continue to be in the hands of work was looked upon as "work fit strong, skillful, Christian nurses, only for coolies." There were no who will carry out the high ideals of books written or translated into the Florence Nightingale, the Queen of language, so is it any wonder the de- all nurses, and adapt them to meet velopment was slow during the first the needs of their own people. few years 1 China with her four hundred and A few schools had been registered, a fifty million, where live one fourth of few more nurses graduated, a few the world's population and where one books translated and a few more mem- third of the world's babies are born, bers added but when we met in con- and where the need for nurses is so . ference at Hankow in 1922 we had a desperate, presents one of the most membership o£ only one hundred and inviting fields of service found in any thirty-two. In the beginning the land today. I am sure any member membership had to be composed of of the Nurses Association of China foreign members but the time seemed would join me in saying: ''It is ripe for the "advance work among great to· be out where the fight is so our Chinese people." At that meet- strong, To be where the heaviest ing the constitution was remodeled to troops belong, In this fight for God meet the needs of the growing organ- and man" where the work is so ization, a Committee on Nursing Edudifficult but so soul-satisfying and cation was established with Miss Gage the love of a great people the reward. as Chairman and a General Secretary The Nurses Association of China was elected who should give her full was organized in 1909 but not until time to the work of the Association. 1912 when a special committee reprec As soon as the request· of the Nurses 808· Association of China was granted by nese was the language of the Confer- her Board and she was released from ence. We had reached a membership her position as Superintendent of of 518, had been admitted to member- Nurses at the Magaw Hospital, Foo- ship in the International Council of chow, the General Secretary entered Nurses and all departments of the on her duties. work were growing so rapidly that it At the time- the Association prop- was decided we must plan for a Head- erty consisted of a small case, a few quarters Building to meet the Asso- papers, a small typewriter table, a ciation needs. It was decided also that decrepit, useless, old typewriter, no delegates should be sent to the next office staff, an almost empty treasury, International Council of Nurses Con- the only income the annual fees paid gress to be held in Finland in July by the members, a loyal Executive 1925.

Committee who with the membership In the early days we had some help believed that "with God nothing is from the China Medical Board for the impossible" and that He had a place translation work but that was stopped for our Nurses Association of China. just in the midst of this advance work.

The first two years the office and Again God has cared for us. Books property were kept in the Secretary's have been translated by our members bedroom. The Secretary was sent by and friends. We have published over the Executive Committee to visit all thirty new books and revised and re- the nurses' and schools of nursing in published all the old ones, :put over China. Through this nation-wide thirteen million pages of nursing text- campaign and visitation the nurses be- books through the press, sold over came vitally interested in the work of fourteen thousand dollars' worth of the Association and a strong, loyal our books in 1925 and closed the year membership was built up through with a small balance in hand. Our which future important programs Nurses Journal-published in both for the Association were successfullv English and Chinese-the only one in carried out. This travel took the Se~­ China-has been self-supporting from retary into all kinds of out-of-the-way the first issue.' Not one cent of mis- places. Hundreds of hospitals have sion money has ever gone into our been visited and addresses delivered. publications or books.

Over one thousand beds have been 'Ve have one hundred and fifteen slept in and over sixty thousand miles registered Schools of Nursing with a travelled. The ever-increasing corre- student body of nearly two thousand spondence has been carried on by the (both men and women are trained as Secretary, late and early, on trains or nurses). We have issued our diploma boats, or in Chinese inns wherever and to over one thousand graduates. Our whenever she could get time. About membership is over twelve hundred twenty-five thousand letters have been and about two thirds are Chinese cared for. We do not have a budget nurses.

today but God has cared for us and Up until the last day it seemed im- we have lacked nothing. We have possible to surmount the difficulties never been in debt and have always and send the Chinese delegate to the had a few dollars balance. Whenever International Council of Nurses Con- we need anything we send out a call gress. Nurses everywhere were pray- for prayer and God has always" dealt ing about it. At the last minute the bountifully with us. " funds were secured, the vises for the The first fruits of this labor were passports to cross Siberia were secured shown in the Canton Conference in through the Chinese Government.

1924 when for the first time in our Miss L. Wu and the General Secre- history our Chinese nurses were with tary crossed Siberia to attend the Con- us in large numbers-half of the dele- gress. One thousand and fifty dele- gates being Chinese nurses-and Chi- gates representing thirty-three coun-

tries attended the Congress. God had for research work, a large room for great things in store for our Nurses meetings. There will also be the home Association of China there. That for the secretaries and other workers great Congress decided to hold the and a Hostel for nurses passing next meeting in Peking in 1929 and through the great center of Hankow.

Miss Nina D. Gage of Changsha, At present there is no place for them China-a missionary nurse-was to stay. This building is greatly elected President of the International needed and at once. In the light of Council of Nurses. So when the great what we have told you do you think Congress meets in Peking in 1929 it this is impossible ~ If you could have will be presided over by a missionary been with us at our last conference nurse and be entertained by mission- in Nanking on Sunday and have seen ary nurses and the splendid Chinese our three hundred delegates taking nurses of today. communion, have looked into their The funds for the Headquarters faces and seen the determination and Building grew slowly. By vote of faith written there, and then rememthe Association we moved our office ber they represented the membership from Shanghai to Hankow so it would of over twelve hundred and the stube more in the center of our field. In dent body of almost two thousand and a marvelous way, unsought, a piece of your answer would be as theirs is land was offe.red to us in the spring "with God nothing is impossible." and again in the autumn. While we Because of this faith it has been pos- were praying for guidance (for we sible for God to give the things re- corded above and because of this faith felt we must be very sure of God'8 and the need this building will rise plan for the future location of our as a testimony of what God can and Headquarters Building) in reply to a will do because of the faith and the letter sent, a check for $1,000 was need of His Chinese nurses who are received from one of our loyal doctor so busy ministering to His ' , little friends. We took this as a guide and went forward with negotiations for ones" that they do not have time to the land. We asked the owner to al- tell you of their doings or needs.

low us to pay half down and half at These Chinese nurses are "our faith the end of six months. At first he and our pride, our joy and our agreed and then said that he must crown."

have all paid down at once. We could If you would like to put ~ome bricks in not do this so at five p. m. the deal was the wall send word to the General Secre- off. Our Committee prayed on. tary, Miss Cora E. Simpson, 740 Rush Before ten o'clock that night a Chinese Street, Chieago, Illinois.

gentleman came forward and offered Cora E. Simpson, R. N., a missionary of to loan us four thousand dollars with- the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of out interest for the rest of the year the Methodist Episcopal Church since 1907, if we would only buy the land for he established the Florence Nightingale Sehool of Nursing at the Magaw Memorial Hospi.

wanted "the nurses as neighbors." tal, Foochow. This was the first School of Two other friends made loans. We Nursing to receive a Registration Certipurchased the land. The loans were ficate in China and heads the list of paid off at the appointed dates and Registered Schools of the Association. the land is ours at a cost of ten thou- Since 1922 Miss Simpson has been the General Secretary of the Nurses Association sand dollars. of China. She is in the United States for The Headquarters Building we are a few months' rest and study after which she expects to resume her work in China working for will cost twenty-five thou- as secretary of the Nurses Association. sand dollars and will be the place Miss Simpson has written a book eonee.-ning where all the nursing activities of the marvelous growth of this work, "A Joy China will be handled. There will be Ride Through China for the Nurses Assooffices for the secretaries and trans- ciation of China." Price $2.00, the prolators and for editorial work, libraries ceeds to be used for the Headquarters Building Fund.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK MIGRANT GROUPS made. The workers are less suspi.

From the report of the Committee of the cious of the churches, and the com- panies ate depending most upon them ~~mJo;;:!s~~~:!~~~~Wilp~ng. 'i°d'an~~l. 'lJ,.:"':::'a';,,~ to supply the social and spiritual needs of these men. The Loyal Le- The different types of migrant workers may be listed as follows: gion of Loggers and Lumbermen, a loggers and lumber jacks, grain har- cooperative organization, is attempt- vest hands, cannery employees, fruit ing to serve the men socially and in- and truck harvesters, construction tellectually in limited areas.

gangs, sugar. beet workers, fisher- The need of social and religious men, boatmen, soldiers and sailors. services is very great in Minnesota, The needs of these groups are far Wisconsin, Michigan, New Hampshire from being adequately cared for and and Maine, but the church boards are most denominations, because of the doing little or nothing for the loggers press of other work, have been forced in these areas, and local churches are to neglect this very': important field. not doing much more. In Maine, the 1. Loggers and Lumberjacks. The Great Northern Paper Company 1920 census gives as the states in maintains a welfare department and which the lumber industry is of great- employs a full-time social worker in e:st importance: Washington, Oregon, certain camps. This is the only com- Idaho, ::iaine, New Hampshire, Min- pany in the state that is thus serv- nesota, Michigan and Wisconsin, re- ing its workers, and they report a porting workers in lumber industry great need in their own camps for ad- ranging from 4,701 in New Hamp- ditional spiritual service from the shire to 24,371 in Washington. This churches. The Crossett Lumber Com- group comprised 5% of the gainfully pany in Arkansas supports a Y. M.

employed males in Washington; 4.8'10 C. A. to the extent of $7,000 in its in Maine; 3.8% each in Oregon and main logging camp, and maintains a Idaho; 3.3.% in New Hampshire; welfare department in the mill town 1.9% in Minnesota; 1.8.% in Florida; at a cost of $40,000 annually. In 1.7.% in Wisconsin; 1.5% in Louisi- 1923, California reported from 10,.

ana; and 1.3% in Michigan. These 000 to 15,000 workers employed in the figures have greater significance when lumber industry.

contrasted with the record of .6% for From reports of missionaries and the entire United States. Nineteen others in close touch with men in the states in all employ more than 4,000 logging fields, it appears that all ef- workers in this industry and present fective religious work must be of the a challenge to the churches. sky-pilot or missionary type; that the In the Washington-Oregon-Idaho population of these camps is too un- region, the Presbyterian Church in stable and changing, to pltj,ce per- the U. S. A. is supporting eleven manent churches successfullv. The workers among the lumberjacks, the field remains largely unser,";ed and Christian Church one, and the Meth- the few missionaries now engaged odist Episcopal Church about half a among the lumberjacks are forced to dozen. In this region, because of the cover too large areas to do most ef- 1. W. W. and other radical agencies, fective work. Thousands of camps it has not been possible for the lum- remain untouched by any messenger ber companies to serve successfully of Christ, but agencies of moral de· the social needs of their workers, al. struction are everywhere surround· though some few attempts have been ing them. Dr. White, Presbyterian 811

sky-pilot, reports the need of inter- time, and 57 % had served in this denominational missions in the cities of Seattle, Everett, and Bellingham, capacity for five years or less; 43% Washington, to provide clean and de- had followed the harvest for more cent quarters for lumberjacks when they come to town; to furnish them than five seasons, 19 % more than ten with reading and writing materials, recreation and rest; to counteract the seasons. influences of agencies constantly rob- Workers are cared for in bunk bing the men of their money and any moral restraints they may have. houses, barns and homes; work hard and late hours; want little but work, 2. Grain Harvesters. The wheat meals, rest, and wages; are not much belt is Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Ne- interested in social life and religion. braska, South Dakota and Canada. Opinion has it that the remedy is so Thousands of harvest hands follow to stabilize and diversify agriculture the harvest from South to North. that this large migrant group will not Oklahoma, during a normal year, em- be neeessary. Agricultural Extenploys from 12,000 to 15,000 of these sion Departments in the wheat belt transient hands for three weeks; are giving instruction in this matter. Kansas from 20,000 to 30,000; Ne- Local churches and agencies should braska somewhat less than Kansas; in serve these groups. General welfare North and South Dakota the demand ageneies which tried to follow haragain increases. In North and South vesters have not proved generally Dakota, the Department of Agricul- successful. tural Extension is trying to introduce diversified farming with permanent 3. Oannery Hands, Fruit and employment, as a remedy for migrant Truck Harvesters. These workers are problems. Some migrant wheat har- here grouped together beeause they vesters are reported in Missouri also. are often the same workers, first har- Iowa's chief interest in this group of vesting fruit and truck, then working in canning factories. According to society lies in the fact that Sioux City is the second great gateway the census report of 1920, in Septemthrough which these workers pass to ber, 1919, there were employed in enter harvest fields of the north. canning establishments of this coun- Kansas City, Missouri, is the first and try, 198,147 workers, more than half most important gateway. Govern- of whom were female workers. In ment and private agencies are at March of the same year, only 35,692 work to place theRe men where needed hands were eng<tged by these estaband to avoid congestion and delay in lishments, at , Ilich time males far cities. outnumbered females. The differen- tial of 162,000 workers represents Migrant worker~ come from all pretty well the part-time workers enwalks of life. are I r all nationalities gaged in this industry, most of whom and conditions of s'lciety, and come are brought from eities and states from everv state in the Union. An not in the immediate locality of the analysis of 3,509 worl,ers who passed industry, and are therefore migrant through the Sioux City offine in the workers during the active season. summer of 1922 Ilhowed that there This does not take into aecount the were men from (!very state except many more tnousands of workers who harvest these and other fruit and Delaware; 43.9 % farmers or fa rm vegetable crops; unfortunately Cen- sus figures do not assist in determinhands; 12.4% common laborers; ing their number, but reports show 6.5% college stud(mts; the remaining that they are several times greater in numbers than cannery hands. 27.2% from 133 different occupations; 55% under 30 years of age, the This type of migrant differs greatly from previously noted groups belargest age group at 24 years; 11'1" cause it includes whole families in their migrations. Women and chilserving as harvest hands for firflt

926] WOMAN '8 HOME MISSION BULLETIN

dren assist in this important work "Would it not be easiest to arouse and therein lies much of the danger. public interest of the locality in work Families are quartered in small, one- for the children, and also easiest to room shacks with inadequate light establish contact with migrants by and few sanitary precautions. Pri- showing an interest in their little vacy is impossible and often comfort one;; ~ Children ought to prove exis not easily secured. These families cellent first sources of contact. Often are social outcasts from most forms the children of the camp are left to of recreation and entertainment in themselves while those older are the community where they labor; working. Organized play and kinderchurches and other local service agen- garten might be good methods for cies largely neglect this group. Chil- starting; possibly elementary school dren are taken from school early in work could be accomplished." the spring and return late in the fall. :Most children in migrant fami- The work of the Council of Women lies are retarded in education. Child Labor laws are often violated in em- for Home Missions has proved this ploying these children in harvesting approach to be very successful and fruit and truck crops. Dr. Keller, of popular. the New Jersey Agricultural Exneriment Station, says: "I have found 4. Su(%r Beet Workers. The folvery often the communities are a so- lowing states reported increased imcial menace to the casual labor rather portance of the sugar beet industry than the other way 'round. I mean in which many migrant families, the community treats these people as mostly Mexican, are employed durthey treat disease, thtly isolate them. ing the summer and autumn months: If the labor class becomes a social Idaho, Michigan, Ohio, South Damenace it is often a result of poor kota, Iowa, Colorado, North Dakota, treatment rather than a cause of their Wyoming, Kansas, Wisconsin. being casual." Dr. Folsom, of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, 5. Soldiers and Sailors. Several who has made wide studies of this denominations are supplying chaptype of migrant throughout the United States, makes the following lains for Army and Navy, and camp comments: pastors. The Protestant Episcopal "The social and religious needs of Church in 1844 organized the Seathese people are bound up with their men's Church Institute which is opereconomic needs. All should be taken ating in sixteen cities in the United into consideration in work planned. States and the Philippine Islands. Much more ought to be done. "Difficulties in establishing contacts: 6. Miscellaneous. Fragmentary re- (a) Short stay in the community. ports came in concerning cotton har- (b) Local lack of interest in them vesters, fishers, boatmen, oil field except as laborers. workers, . irrigation gangs, railroad (c) Their nationality. constructIOn gangs, corn harvesters, (d) Difference in religious and so- tobacco harvesters, etc., but time did not permit a closer study of these re- cial training and standards. ports. (e) Isolation in small groups on Come unto Me, ye weary, small farms. (f) Habit of working all members And I will give you rest.

of the family early and late. oh blessed voice of Jesus, (g) Local situations. Which comes to hearts oppressed It tells of benediction, '

Of pardon, grace and peace Of joy that hath no ending'

Of love which cannot cease.

-Selected.

NEAR EAST key, or at any rate children of refu-

Bibles Sold in Da.mascus gees, one is impressed with the tre- BIBLE Colportage, though at- mendous opportunity in work for tempted, was almost imp.ossible them. These young lives, growing in and around Damascus under the up in the greater freedom of Aleppo, Turkish regime. The Scriptures must be held and trained for Christ, were, however, regularly supplied to Most of them have lost the look of suf- the Irish Presbyterian Mission, the fering and terror which was so evi- British Syrian Mission and the Edin- dent on all faces only a short time ago.

burgh Medical Mission by the British They are looking 'forward and not and Foreign Bible Society. Since the back.' "

Turkish rule ended a distinct ad- vance has been made and Colportage Christian Books in TurKey has been conducted in all quarters of AMERICAN Board missionaries in the city. Colporteur Moses Burun- Constantinople repc.rt that at suzian has sold regularly over three present in Turkey, when ideas are hundred copies of the Scriptures a changing and reforms have been month in the city itself, and to all classes of people. There has been made, the opportunity for distributquite a demand for the Hebrew ing Christian literature is unprece- Scriptures among the Jews; and in dented. The mediums of circulation many instances complete Arabic Bi- have been book-stores in the larger bles have been sold to MOfllems. Over eities, sehools" and personal Turkish fifteen thousand copies of the Scrip- friends in the smaller towns. There tures have been sold in and around are encouraging results. In one Damascus since 1920. town, a group of dervishes are read- ing the Gospels and "Pilgrim's Prog- Christian Endeavor in Aleppo ress. " In the same interior town, a Turkish school put in a request MRS. ISABELE TROWBRIDGE for "Joseph," an Old Testament MERRILL, daughter and wife of play, for their graduating performdistinguished Congregational mis- ance. A number of college students sicnaries to Turkey, sends this story are stUdying the :0Jew Testament.

of future leaders in the Near East: The manuscript for the first "Life "A young people's rally was held in of Christ," translated into Turkish, the new Evangelical Church in is now ready for publication. It is Aleppo, Syria, recently. The four by Miss Constance E. Padwick, of Christian Endeavor societies of the Cairo, and is translated by a young city were present, the boys' and girls' Moslem woman who has been much soeieties from the camp church hav- interested in the work. It is to be ing been invited to join with the boys' published with funds provided by the and girls' societies of the city church. American Christian Literature So- The boys' society of the refugee camp ciety for Moslems.

has lately been organized with eightyfive members, and now has over a hun- "The MU880lini of Persia"

dred. When one looks at the earnest THIS is the title sometimes given and eager faces of these young people to Riza Khan, the new Shah of and realizes that almost without Persia, about whom the following exception they are refugees from Tur-. facts are given in the Kurdistan Mis- 814

1.926] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

sionary: "A man with an iron will, in prayer, then to comment on the practical and diplomatic, he made Bible passage for the day, and finally and unmade prime ministers, de- t() lead the meeting." posed shahs and established a new republic. The Persian press, mer- Intercessors in Isla,han chants and the common people are A MISSIONARY in Persia, quoted almost unanimously in his favor. in Evangelical Christendorn, The only class which opposed him in writes: "We have had a very help- ] 924 were the neglected mullahs. ful week of prayer here in Isfahan, Since his recall he has put forth the meetings being well attended painstaking efforts to make the right up to the end. The week of mullahs his friends. Arthur Chester prayer makes a very great appeal to Millspaugh, head of the financial our Persian Church, and we look upmission sent to Persia from the on it as a regular part of our church United States in 1923, is extremely organization. The meetings were this popular with Riza Khan, because the year taken chiefly by Persian Chris- Persians know that the Amerieans tians, though we had an Armenian desire no unfair advantages. It is reported that Riza Khan treats the to conduct one meeting and a Hebrew Bahais, a progressive all-Persian Christian on Saturday. It is difficommunity, the Jews and the Zoro- cult to arrange time to get all our astrians very favorably. Though people together for a week, as the men are at work and cannot easily himself uneducated in the ordinary come in the afternoons, and the wosense of the word, he is encouraging men could not come out at all in the the Persians and the foreigners to evenings; but in spite of difficulties cooperate in improving the educa- we had from thirty-five to forty Pertional system of his country." sian Christians daily, besides mission- Women in the Persian Church aries, and they took up the inter- cession topics very heartily."

MRS. J. DAVIDSON FRA"!1E, of the American Presbyterian Mis- Bible Teaching in ~nscat A sion in Resht, Persia, writes: "MoreT MUSCAT on the Persian Gulf, the Reformed Church in Ameriand more we who have had all sorts of Bible helps and commentaries and ca has a well-established mission, instruction in the home marvel at where the seed of the Word is being these unlearned women whose one sown. Without funds for the rent book is the Bible. Their search of of a school building Rev. G. D. Van the Scriptures is untiring. One re- Peursem went ahead with school cent convert is already teaching work at his home and reports a daily others how to read the Bible and in- attendance of fifteen boys whom he structing them in its doctrineg as she is teaching the rudiments of educa- knows them. You know the place a tion and giving the Gospel at the woman has in Moslem countries. It same time. Among them are some is good to watch the place a woman of the brightest boys of the Koran has among our Persian Christians. school and one lad whose father, now At first she is diffiuent about express- deceased, was formerly one of the ing her thoughts in a public prayer strongest opponents of the mission in meeting, but gradually as she realizes Muscat. His daily program cloRes the freedom that she has in Christ with the reading of a chapter of the she becomes more and more to see Bible, and the singing of two hymns.

that she is -only one of a large and Each boy takes his turn in reading sympathetic family and allows her- a verse of Scripture. Miss Lutton self to assume the privileges of the reports a Sunday-school service num- membership in that family, until she bering in attendance between fifteen is free to talk to the common Father , and sixty-five, the majority of them

BaJuchis, but among them in increas- inces to whom we art' not supposed ing numbers Arabs. to tell the good news …. There are in addition about 700,000 pagans in Up" and Down" in Kuwait this territory."

T HE evangelistic work carried on in .Kuwait, Arabia, has met with Si", Que.tiolUl at Once I encouragements as well as discour- N a recent letter, written from 'the agements. Bible shop work is as ex- Egypt General Mission Hospital, tensive as ever. Sunday afternoon Shebin-el-Kanater, Egypt, Mr, H.

services attract a remarkably large Frank Roe tells of experiences when audience of lV[oslems, both men and itinerating in Egyptian villages, He women, A young man baptized sev- writes: "At least twice a week dur- eral years ago continues to testify for ing the summer months I go out with his Master, Another young man de- one of our Egyptian fellow-helpers.

clares he has become a Ch:-istian and There are about thirty villages with- has at times confessed the same be- in a four-mile radius of Shebin, and fore Moslems, On the other hand, we systematically Visit these every Rev. E. E. Calverley reports a new few weeks, Usually we get a respect- form of opposition in the form of an ful and attentive hearing, until, as Arabic book in refutation of Chris- we proceed, the gospel light throws tianity written and published by the into glaring relief some error of Mos- ·chief religious leader of the Persians lem faith. Then the devil asserts his ·of Kuwait. The book consists of two presence, and we are besieged with parts, the first a refutation of five a dozen questions, When six men doctrines ·of Christianity, and the shout at us six different questions at second a reply to Goldsack's book one and the same time, and the whole "Christ in Islam," It is interesting company of men starts yelling, you to note that the school teacher who can imagine what pandemonium is helping Dr. Calverley has under- Teigns ! Under these circumstances -taken to prepare a reply. our only resource is prayer, and we therefore pause for a few minutes AFRICA until quiet returns, We set out each Preaching to Moslem. Forbidden day aiming for a specific village, but REV. JOHN HAY, of the Sudan occasionally we pause to talk with a Interior Mission, writes in the roadside @'oup sheltering under a London Christwn, "It seems in· tree from the scorching sun."

credible that under the British flag today there are countries in which S. S. Grading in the Sudan T the missionary of the Gospel has no HE growth of Sunday-school work among the Shilluk tribe in liberty to preach. Such is the case in Northern Nigeria, Because of a the Southern Sudan was described statement made by a British repre- in tl:'l June Review, A later report sentative who made a treaty with the states: "The Shilluks entrusted with Moslem chiefs-a statement to the ef- grading the Sunday-school have their fect that Government does not inter- own picturesque way of describing fere with religion-it is held that the the classes: Men Who Are Con- Christian missionary must not be al- sidered Honorable (i.e. grey-haired lowed to preach to the Moslems in men), Those Who Are Younger, four great provinces. The doors are Those Just Married, The Boys Who ,closed, 'as it is against government Dance, The Boys Who Have Just Be- policy to permit Christian propagan- gun to Dance, The Boys Who Herd da within the areas which are pre- the Cattle, The Little Boys Who ·dominantly Moslem.' The last cen- Herd the Sheep. The training class sus, taken in 1921, shows 6,699,427 is organized, with a chief, a chief- Mohammedans in the Northern Proy- on-whom-he-has-his-feet, and a chief-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

of·writing. The main school at Do- ing a summons to heathen sacrifice.

leib Hill is overflowing the church In another part of the district some building. Five classes are held out- converts were fined for planting of-doors. A year ago there were 26 yams, etc., on their farms before the baptized Shilluks. Today there are day arranged for holding the festival 87. The tribe numbers about 60,000. of the Orisa-oko, a pagan rite. Quite Mrs. Oyler, of the United Presby- recently in a town near Owo a young terian Mission, writes: 'The Chris- woman, a convert of only a few years'

ti;:!ns are very much interested :in standing, has borne severe bodily suf- this village S. S. work, but the time fering for the sake of her faith.

will come when the novelty will wear off. Weare praying for that time. "The Preacher, the Big Stick"

O A regular routine, day after day, re- NE of the distinctive qualities of African Christian leaders seems quires more strength.' "

Ex-Medicine Man an Evangelist to be their apt use of figurative lan- guage. A recent illustration of this A RCHDEACON E. W. DOur,- comes from the Christian Alliance TON, of Tanganyika Territory, Mission in the Congo. The teachers East Africa, tells the story of the of the district had met for prayer conversion of a medicine man, Ka- and council. They were discussing hodanga, who when he was baptized the lack of interest and zeal in the at about thirty years of age, took schools. The native pastor used this the name Yohana (John). He con- 'wise illus"tration : "We llile large tinues: "It is estimated that Yo- sticks of wood to keep the fire burn- hana, this ex-medicine man, has been ing at night or when we are away the instrument in God's hands in the from home. Some wood holds the conversion of fully one hundred Wa- fire well, some burns out quickly. If gogo, and his village, where there is the fire in the large piece of wood now a considerable Christian com- goes out, we cannot use it to kindle munity, is a light in the great dark- the other sticks of wood. We preach- ness around. It is in many respects ers are the large sticks of wood. If a model village, in which heathen our people are not on fire it would dances and the brewing or use of be well for us to examine the large pombe (native beer) are forbidden. sticks first and see why the fire is Yohana is a teetotaller and non- not burning there. If you are on smoker. Three of his sons are now fire so will your people be also."

Christian teachers, two of them being in charge of out-stations from which Malagasy Tribute to Bible D converts to Christ are being gathered.URING his visit to Madagascar, W. J. W. Roome, of the British Yohana is now quasi-pastor, and superintends the work of four out-sta- and Foreign Bible Society, was weltions in the Buigiri district." comed at a great meeting of Malagasy Yorll.ba Christians Persecuted Christians at Imerina. The follow- ing is an extract from an address of REPRESENTATIVES of the welcome which was delivered by Church Missionary Society find Randzavola, a pastor: "The misthat the persecution of Christians is sionaries and the Bible are like the by no means a thing of the past in right and left hand, working together !the Yoruba country, Wesit Africa, in the garden of the Lord here in and men and women are Rtill called this our island. Far be it from me upon to suffer in various ways for to belittle the work of missionaries; their faith. For insta'nce, twelve but they themselves are witnesses men living at a C.M.S. out-station that the Bible has accomplished much in the Benin district were fined £5 more than they alone could have pos- each in the native court for disobey- sibly done. There was a time, twen- 6

ty-five years ago, when the mission- be in close association with the misaries were not allowed to stay in our sionaries at the Forman Christian country; but because the Bible re- College. Rev. E. T. Jenkinson, who mained the work they had begun during the past year has been taking was by no means destroyed …. And a special course at Manchester Uniup to the present the Bible has found versity to fit him for work among entrance into many Malagasy homes. Moslems, was appointed, and was to into some of which the missionary sail from England for India on Sephas difficulty in gaining admission." tember 14th.

INDIA AND SIAM Non-Christian Students Responsive India's Attitude toward Christ EV. CANON A. W. DAVIES, R NOTE of warning is sounded in A an editorial in the NatixJnal John's College, in Agra, North India, principal of the C.M.S. St.

Christian Council Review, which recently invited the students of the says: "It is not often realized that college, including Moslems and Hin- the genuine admiration for Jesus' dus, to the occasional services which Christ and the remarkable spirit of are held on Sunday a:l'ternoons for receptiveness towards His teaching the Christian staff and students.

so common in India at the present Quite definitely he explained that it day exist side by side with an abso- would be Christian worship, and that lute refusal to ascribe to Him any it would give an opportunity for position of uniqueness …. Christian- openly acknowledging the drawing ity may cease to be allied with an of Christ and the desire to serve and alien culture and strengthen all the follow Him, and to enter more. and good and noble elements in the social more into His Spirit. It could not, and religious life of India; Chris- therefore, have been very easy for tianity may become indigenous in the non-Christian students to attend, India, adopting modes of life and yet .some thirty or forty of these worship and thought which are came, and a little later, when the in- suited to the people of this land; and vitation was repeated especially to yet the incompatibility between the the senior students, there was a most il'und,lamen;tal position of Hinduism encouraging response. Canon Davies and Christianity about the unique- remarks: ""Ve are only feeling our ness of Jesus Christ as the revelation way; but experiences of this sort, and of God will remain and will have to the knowledge of not a few in the be met." college who are very near the King- dom, together with the unique ex·· Union Work for Indian Moslems perience of the baptism of one who I N OCTOBER, 1925, representa- left the college twelve years ago, a tives of the (English) Wesleyan Hindu Brahmin, have filled us with Methodist Missionary Society gave new courage and hope."

expression to their conviction that work among Moslems in India should Gandhi on "the Language of Love"

A be undertaken by the various T a tea given by the American Board missionaries at :M"ahachurches and societies in cooperation, and an offer was made of a man to bleshwar, India, Mahatma Gandhi such a cooperative mission. This ac- made a brief address, speaking par- tion resulted in the Conference of ticularly to the missionary members the British Missionary Societies ap- of the language school. He expressed pointing a group representative of his hearty approval of the desire of the principal societies to consider the young missionaries to learn the this proposaL It was decided to ac- language of the country, and paid cept the offer and to send the man tribute to the linguistic achievements for training to Lahore, where he will of the missionary group. He stated

NEWS FlCOM MANY LANDS

his regret, however, at the failure of in the city or are off on tour to the many missionaries-in faet most of far part of the district. In addition the missionaries-to learn the lan- to this bazaar work, for many years guage of the Indian heart-the lan- members have voluntarily carried on guage of love. This failure is the personal work among a community more disappointing because the mis- of outeastes. Less than a year ago, sionaries come to India in the name on their own initiative, Indian mem- of love, and the Indian expects, and bers of the congregation planned a has the right to expect, the manifes- campaign with the objective of win- tations of this spirit. The missionary ning this community for Christ_ preaches love, but how often his ac- They organized the work themselves: tions belie his words. and conducted it, and within the last month or two have baptized Nepal Slaves Set Free about sixty. That these converts: THE plan for the abolition of may continue to grow in their new slavery in Nepal was last re- life and in the grace of the Lord one ferred to in the Review in March. A of our Indian Christians is providing speeial cablegram to the New York the salary for a full-time teacher."

Times August 29th announced the completion of the plan at a cost of Revising the Siamese Bible D $1,366,250, an average of $25 a slave, URING the past two years, re- ports Rev. Paul A. Eakin, of the total number liberated with compensation by the Government being Bangkok, Siam, "a little group com- 51,782. The rates paid in compensa- posed of three Siamese pastors and tion ranged from $7 for a female two young evangelistic helpers-all and $5 for a male under three years graduates of the Bangkok Christian old to $35 for a female and $26 for College–and a missionary have been a male between the ages of thirteen trying to put the Scriptures of the and forty. After forty the price New Testament into more idiomatic dropped fifty per cent. Tracts of and attractive :Siamese, as well as cultivable land have been thrown produce a more accurate translation open to the emancipated slaves in the of the Greek manuscripts …. The hills, and reclamation and clearance work has given them a deeper appre- works have been started in Tarai, ciation of the true nature of the suitable advances of cash being made Scriptures. Over and over again the to the freedmen by the reclamation pastors would jot down in their per- and agricultural offices. The Tmne.~ sonal notebooks obscure texts which despatch gave the credit both for con- had flamed out anew as the real ceivinll' and carryinl? out the plan to meaning was brought ont clearly in the Prime Minister of Nepal, but their own tongue, and the light in earlier accounts have made the Ma- their faces at such times is something harajah the chief figure. one will not soon forget. "

Indians Evangelize Outoastes CHINA THE United Presbyterian Church Mission for Ricksha Coolies be!1-'an its work at .Jhelum, in the Punjab, fifty years ago. One of its T OUCHED by the hardships of the missionariei' there writes: "Most en- ricksha men in Shanghai, Mr. couraging of all is the voluntary, George Ma:theson founded in 1913 evangelistic zeal displayed by Indian a mission; especially for this latrge members of our little church. Al- group. The latest report states: though they are not paid for this ser- "During this troubled year there has vice, they continue the regular evan- been no decrease in the numbers passgelistic preaching in the bazaar, ing through the mission premises and whether the missionaries are present attending the daily and nightly gatherings in the open air, and in

the halls. Even during the disturb- Car·toons." They are issued four on ances, the usual large crowds (jn a sheet in wall-scroll form and in.- which representatives from most of tended to be shown one by one as the provinces might be found) were the Bible story is told. The sketches always present, and orderly and have heavy lines with little detail, so friendly in attitude. The usual rou- that they may be easily seen across tine was carried on uninterruptedly. the schoolroom and comprehended by Sick and injured men were sent to scholars with little Bible knowledge; hospital and the destitute were re- moreover, being in Chinese style, the lieved as usual. In visiting and open- attention of the children is not diair work large numbers of men, wo- verted by too many foreign features men, and children are reached who in the picture. would otherwise remain unknown, and in the course of this itinerant Rewards of Out-Station Work work large quantities of suitable literature are distributed, includin[! REV. R. G. COONRADT, Ameri- Scripture portions and leaflets." can Presbyterian missionary in Tsingtao, Shantung Province, since A General's Zeal for His Men 1912, writes of llis country field: "Imagine our preaching and teach- REV. FRANK A. KELLER, of ing the gospel message, day after the Hunan Bible Institute, after day, to people who never would hear describing the Christian earnestness it if we did not tell them. There is of General Chang, who was men- always just another village or town tioned in the June, 1925, REVIEW, beyond asking you to come to them, says: "Through the enthusiastic as- It means another day, but who can sistance of Chief-of-Staff Chang, the resist the call? How many hundreds way was opened for the preaching of of Christian friends at home would the Gospel to every unit of the third give so much just for this one chance, division of the Hunan armv that was and with this thought and knowing. at Changsha. One week ;e had the that Christ is calling them I have soldiers here night after night to hear extended my trip and pushed on the Gospel, and see it, too, as illus- many times. One new convert said, trated by stereopticon slides. One 'I know the foreign pastor is too busy Dr two nights we had as many as to come to my home, but I do wish fourteen hundred here. Half of he could make just one visit and help them listened to the preaching of the me explain 'the Gospel to myoId Gospel in groups of about one hun- father.' This illiterate man had been dred each while the other half saw converted while in Manchuria. He the pictures in the auditorium; then came home to take care of his aged they changed places, so that all had father, and began at once to study the privile-ge of seeing the slides. the Bible and attend church at the Sunday afternoon services were held nearest meeting place. We went to in a number of the different camps." his home and his father was baptized later, and now the man has his uncle THE Bible Picture Cartoons and many others of his town study- China Sunday School Union ing, " has issued. chiefly for use in primary and daily vacation Bible Chinese Girls in Factories schools, a spries of line sketches illustrating. in Chinese style bat not CHEFOO, in Shantung Province, Chinese figures, the life of Christ. is described in a recent report as Cooperating with a Chinese artist, "a town where hundreds of women Rev. J. P. Esney, of the Presbyterian have bound feet, but still a town of Mission in Shanghai, produced this factories where these same women series, which they call" Bible Picture trudge bravely home at clusk on their tiny feet." 'l'his past year about 150

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

girls, most of whom work from six for souls far more precious than gold in the morning until six at night, en- are being won for Christ in this rolled in the popular education night place. Six men were baptized and classes. "A Y.W.C.A. secretary on five men and three 'women were reher first visit found twenty-eight lit- ceived as candidates for baptism. tle peanut sorters, hair-net menders, One of the first group is a man of silk spinners and embroiderers, try- considerable ability but has been ing to read under one dim lamp, and rather a bad fellow, much given to some were carefully drawing charac- litigation. Thank God, there is ,a ters on their slates which said, 'The great change in him and he shows liberty of an individual is sacred and those evidences of the new birth cannot be encroached upon.' How which always rejoice the missionary's will they explain the world when they heart. Recently he greatly befriendbecome conscious of individual worth ed one of his old enemies t() such an on one hand and a twelvp-hour day extent that his heathen neighbors for women and children on the were amazed at such an exhibition of loving forbearance." other? " Texts and Pictures in Tibet Labor ProbleD1s and the Y.W.C.A. BISHOP WARD, of the Moravian THE annual report of the Y.W. Church, writes of the work of C.A. of China contains the fol- Rev. H. F. Burroughs, of Khalatse, in lowing signfficant statement: "In- the Western Himalayas: "A supply of Tibetan text-posters has been obdustrial problems have loomed large tained from Shanghai. One of these is displayed in a large frame hung in China in the last year. The agi- on the verandah, and is read by all who come to the house, often opening tation that led to the May 30th affair up the way for a talk· about the Gos- pel. The text 1 John 5: 12 is exarose from labor troubles. The ap- cellent in dealing with Buddhists, as it admits of no ambiguity. One day palling number of strikes within the some lamas from a distant lamasery arrived, and cons,iderable time was last year show an increasing unrest spent in talking about this text, and also in showing them pictures in the and dissatisfaction on the part of la- church. One of them bought a gos- pel, and Mr. Burroughs was able to mboar~ and while some of these strikes give them a good supply of tracts and have been animated by political other literature to take back to their isolated abode. Some time ago, when motives, undoubtedly many of them preaching in Khalatse, he showed Copping's picture, 'The Hope of the have had their origin entirelY in la- World'-depicting our Lord with children representative of the five bor problems. The most striking fact continents. This so took the fancy of an old man that he gave Mr. Burin the industrial world is the unpre- roughs no peace until he got him one like it. This the old man has nailed cedented growth of labor unions, pre- up in his house."

senting a factor tremendous in its JAPAN-KOREA possibilities both for good and for Press, FilD1S and Ra.dio evil. The intensity of feeling that is DESCRIBING the present mission- ary opportunity in Japan, Mrs. developing puts a burden of respon- R. P. Gorbold writes: "The atten- sibility upon Christian forces, great- er than we have ever faced before.

The Y.W.C.A., nationally and local- ly, has been aware o~ this need and has played its part m the effort to meet it."

The ViIIage of YeIIow Gold T HE origin of the name, which is thus translated, of the market town in Szechwan Province is obscure but, writes Rev. C. B. Hannah, of th~ China Inland Mission, "from a spiritual point of view· the name has now a very blessed significance,

tion of the public is being arrested the Sunday-school, with Buddhist and a desire to know more about motives, which is being attempted in Christianity aroused by at least three Japan to-day. This mixture she calls far-reaching agencies: the news- "synthetic bread." She says: "If papers, the movies and the radio. For it fails to satisfy the people, how do instance, the two English dailies the priests thrive on it? The contact edited and pUblished by Japanese, one with Western materialism has shat- in Tokyo and one in Osaka, devoted tered the faith of many priests, pages before and after Christmas Day notably the chief abbot of the largest to the Christmas message….. As to sect of Japan, Count Otani, who has the movies, no doubt the films that resigned his office, and is a business are detrimental are overwhelmingly man to-day. He argues that prayer is in the majority, but there are others logically impossible. To the world he that portray the beauty of upright is famous for his luxurious living living in striking contrast with the and his debts. Some young priests do ugliness of sin. Besides these so-called not realize that the adapted hymns moral films a number of distinctively and manuals which they use are really Bible films have been very popular. Christian hymns disguised. When And through the radio the seed is be- they awake to discover the source ing literally broadcast." (which honest study must disclose), their position becomes patlietic. They Cured Lepers Evangelists are like chemists watering down a T HE leper colony at Kwangju, first-class prescription and selling it Korea, is widely known. Dr. R. as their own patent medicine. There- M. Wilson, the physician in charge, fore, with every prayer for Japan writes: "We feel that the results of pray for the priests."

the leper work from an evangelistic point of view are as encouraging as Town Crier Calls to Church the cures from the drug treatment, R EV. Henry M. Bruen, Presbyand of course they are even more terian missionary in Taiku, permanent….. We have sent out over Korea, since 1899, writes of a unique 150 cases from the Leper Colony experience which he and a Korean whom we consider probably cures, elder had in a certain village: "We and among these Some who were dis- had agreed to visit the sarangs tinctly evangelistic in spirit have gone (guest-rooms) after supper and inout and done splendid work in start- vite all whom we fOUIid to attend the ing churches. Seven of our cured evening service. However, while we lepers have gone back to their villages were eating supper the town crier's and have started thriving churches. voice was heard calling the villagers Five cured ones are now employed as to a town gathering. Our hearts country evangelists in remote dis- sank, as it seemed this doomed to tricts, and ten are doing good work failure any attempt to get the nonfor the churches in their own villages Christians at the church. So we gave without pay. The lepers are in- up the idea of visiting the sarangs structed to watch for any active sign and had just opened our service for or return of the diseases, and to COme the Christian constituency, when the back for examination. Occasionally church door opened and the koo-chang one returns." (headman) led in a number of the Plight of Japanese Priest. villagers and requested us not to pro- ceed too fast as he was going out for MISS A. M. HENTY points out in some more. The village crier had been an interesting article in the sent out by that non-Christian head- Church Missionary meaner the spirit- man to call the people together to ual inadequacy of the combination of hear the gospel message. Shortly he Christian methods, such as those of returned with another group and we

1926J NEWS FHOM MANY LANDS

preached to a full house. After the The period between Christmas and meeting closed he sat for an hour or Easter has been settled on for the more and talked with US." campaign, which is to extend not only over the United States but in Canada Bibles in Pockets and Heads and in several European countries. Dr. Stelzle said of it: CHRISTIANITY is responsible for one change in Korean dress- This campaign will not be merely a "Gothe use of pockets, according to Mrs. to-Church" movement. Our primary object Roy K. Smith of Chairyung, Korea, is to show the country of what religion conwho says: "There were no pockets sists. The messages to be prepared by the in the old Korean coat, but the Chris- commission of 100 clel'gymen will contain tian needed a place for his Bible, for the fundamental teachings of Christianity 'coming to church without a Bible is not only with regard to personal religion practically unknown in Korea. Fol- but with reference to tbe attitude of the lowing American example he made a Church toward present-day problems. large pocket in his jacket, and later 'several on ,a sleeveless coat or vest for Forerunner of Student Movement his Bible and other prize treasures. But it is not enough to carry the Bible REV. George A_ Wilder, for many in one's hand or pocket. We have years a missionary of the Amerimany who carry great sections, even can Board in South Africa and a whole books', in their heads and can brother o,f Rev. Royal G. Wilder, Tecite without a mistake long pas- founder of the Review, writes that sages. One man walked a hundred the organization of the Student miles to recite the Sermon on the Volunteer Movement for Foreign Mount to his pastor. When he Missions at Mount Hermon in 1886 finished, he was told that was all very was preceded by a similar student well, but he must not be content with movement twelve years earlier. He having it in his head, he must have says: it in his heart and put it into -practice. His reply was: 'But that " In the year 1878, Dr. W. H. Saunders is the way I learned it. At first I and I were in Hartford Seminary. It was tried to memorize it, and it would not tben that we conceived of the idea of getting 'stick, so I tried this plan. I would into touch with others in different seminaries learn a verse, and then go out and who, like ourselves, had determined to be practice it on a heathen neighbor un- foreign missionaries. As a result, cortil it would stick.' " respondence was started and we learned, much to our joy, that students in Princeton NORTH AMERIOA were working alon'g' the same lines. In th3 year following, in June, 1879, there met in 'Plan for Advertising the Ohurch New York City a small company of students who hail pledged themselves to be foreign A CHURCH advertising campaign missionaries. This was the first gener~l gathering of student volunteers, – will be conducted by the International Advertising Association, The organized movement was founded as a formerly the Associated Advertising result of the Student Conference at Maunt Clubs of the World. A commission Hermon at the invitation of D. L. Moody 'of one hundred clergymen of various in 1886 a.nd John N. Forman (Princeton denominations will prepare the mes- Colle!!e. '84) and Robert P. Wilder (Prine,,- 'sages to be promoted. This announce- ton '86) were the first traveling secretaries. went was made by Rev. Charles 'Stelzle, D.D., President of the Church Ministry to New York Lepers Advertising department of the as- 'sociation. Dr. Stelzle is remembered R EV. ANNESLEY T. YOUNG, -as the founder both of Labor Sun- D.D., of the Episcopal City Mis- -day, nearly twenty years ago, and of sion in New York City, has interested -the Labor Temple in New York City. himself particularly in the lepers who are cared foi- by the Government on North Brother Island in the East River, opposite 140th st. The settle- ment is not permanent in the sense that the lepers are transferred as soon as possible to the government colonies

in the Gulf of Mexico. However, there Women's Christian Association, under is occasion for frequent ministrations whose auspices it has been carried on among them while they are in New for six summers was that college wom- York. The Government takes excel- en might share the experiences of lent care of these people, so that there women workers on whom they depend is not much that can be done for them for many necessities. "College wom- in a material sense; however, the en who have missed much of life's sympathy and fellowship of a repre- drudgery are eager to know in their sentative of Christ is of immense own bodies and minds what it means value. Chaplain Young has provided to be part of the present industrial a phonograph and records, a radio to system, " says the announcement.

bring in the outside world, magazines, "They will acquire concrete facts on but, especially, himself in the, mani- which to base their study of industrial festation of his concern and sym- problems. They will increase the pathy, to emphasize the spiritual side number of college people who know of life with its strength and hope. and can cooperate with industrial workers. " After working hours' the Women DiscDss Raee Question group met for informal discussions THE women members of the with labor leaders, social workers and Federal Council's Commission on employers. At all other times they the Church and Race Relations, in lived, ate and spent their leisure with cooperatiori with the Council of their fellow·workers at typical recrea- Women for Home Missions and the tion, as well as at the work bench.

National Board of the Y. W. C. A., Y. W. C. A. Membership Plan held an Interracial Conference of Church Women, September 23rd-24th I N THE news item in the June REat Eagles Mere, Pa. The objects of the VIEW on the annual Y. W. C. A. conference were: (1) To enlarge the Convention, it was stated that an scope of interracial thinking and to optional membership plan had been_ enlist the women of the churches adopted, "which permits others than more actively in improving relations members of Evangelical Christian between white and colored groups in churches to become full voting mem- America; (2) -To discuss methods of bers of the Association." The Bul- letin issued by the Federal Council of bet t e r interracial organization Churches gives the following explanathrough churches and their auxiliaries tion of this plan: so that women may more effectively act on local interracial conditions; Henceforth any city, town or rural As· (3) To exchange concrete experience sociation may choose either, to use the from groups ()of women that have al- present church membership basis which con· ready attempted to carry out inter- fines its voting and office-holding members racial programs; (4) To study the to those who are members of churches eligible to membership in the Federal past experience of organizations that Council of Churches, or the alternative per· have done such work, to learn both sonal basis which confines its voting and from successes and failures, how best o.ffice-holding members to those who have to proceed in the future. made a declaration of loyalty to the purpose of the Association, promising to endeavor to uphOld it in their Own lives and in their College Girls in Factories work in the Association. The" purpose" contains four statements embodying loyalty DURING the past summer twelve to Jesus Christ, growth in Christian character, leading young women into the college girls spent six weeks of Christian Church and becoming a social force their vacation in Chicago factories, for the extension of the Kingdom of God. having pledged themselves to live on Three fourths of the memhers of the boards, their wages. The purpose of the ex- of the officers and of voting delegates to conventions must be members of churches periment, as stated by the National eligible to membership in the Federal Student Council of the Young Council.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

J apan.ese-American Citizens future of the mission work in Mexico.

ACCORDING to a writer in World More than half a century of faithful Call, "the Oriental problem in seed-sowing is behind us. We believe America" is a problem of the that in the next decade rapid prog- American-born. B!1ng citizens by ress will be made in the establishment right of birth they long to be treated of a self.supporting and self·governas such, yet they are not treated as ing Evangelical Church that under Americans. Their capacity for divine guidance will leaven the whole citizenship is illustrated by a pupil land. "-Christian Observer.

in the Sunday school of the Japanese Christian Church at Berkeley, Cali- Training Porto Rican P …..tor.

T fornia. The American Legion pro- HE fine spirit of cooperation which prevails among the missionmoted an essay contest with the American flag as the subject. This aries of the various denominations at thirteen-year-old girl, whose parents work in Porto Rico was referred to are Japanese, wrote the following es- in the June Review, and the union say which was adjudged one of the theological seminary was mentioned three best in California: as one of the striking. expressions of I pledge allegiance to you, flag of my that spirit. This institution is con- United States, in word and in deed. I be· trolled by a board of trustees, com- lieve you will help me to be a loyal citizen posed of one member appointed by both in peace' and in war. I believe that each of the seven cooperating deyou will lead the world, not only in strength nominations. The curriculum probut in righteousness; I believe that your vides for a three years' course for stars are the shining symbol of the eternal brotherhood of men in the world. "Old which a high school diploma and Glory," as I stand and salute your heroic about one half of a college course are eolors of Red, White, and Blue, I promise for the present required. Additional to follow y~ur ideals of "Liberty, .Justice, work and the full college course are and Peace, ' not only for America but for the world. required of candidates for the degree LATIN AMERICA of Bachelor of Theology. "The seminary," reports its president, Rev.

Reasons for Hope in Mexico James A. McAllister, "has given Porto REV. H. L. RO~S! Southern Rico a native ministry. A dozen Presbyterian mIssIOnary in years ago, as many as ten and twelve Mexico, gives the following reasons American missionaries were caring for his confidence in the future of for the Presbyterian churches. Now, Christ's klingdom in that country: all the thirty-three churches have "As we observe how nobly the Porto Rican pastors. Practically the national evangelistic workers are same is true of the other denominabracing themselves to meet the larger tions. Over a hundred men have redemands on them and their churches, ceived preparation and there are now as we become more confirmed in the about seventy-five ordained Porto conviction we have always had that Rican ministers in the seven denomithe Mexican Government is friendly nations and a considerable number toward the Protestant work, as we of preachers not yet ordained."

enjoy such cordial expressions of love and confidence on the part of our Negro Missionary in Pa.na.Dla I national fellow-workers and the mem- N THE fall of 1923, a young Pana- bers of the churches along with man Negro came to the Bible expressions of confidence and ap- House of the American Bible Society preciation by a large number of the at Cristobal, Canal Zone, with a little influential citizens of our town, and, notebook. It contained a translation above all, as we read the Great Com- of the Gospel of Matthew into the mission and tbe promise attached dialect of the Valiente Indians of thereto, we are confident as to the Panama which he wished the Bible

Society to publish. S"ecTrheti~sr"y writes ready, the rubber traders are seeking Rev. R R Gregory, of the their prey and the Indian is on the alert. In all the province of Velasco Caribbean Agency of the Society, there is a dread of the foreigner. No Indian whom we saw by the roadside "was the beginning of our acquaint- would await our approach-he im- mediately disappeared into the forest. ance with Mr. E. S. Alphonse, an un- Every house at which we called suspected us. The master of the house usu~lly gifted young man." He was invariably jumped for his rifle as we appeared and held it handy until he converted about ten years ago, and at once became especially interested in taking the Gospel to the Valiente Indians of Panama. Although some of the Indians had learned to speak Spanish, in order to reach the tribe had ascertained our business. In these as a whole Mr. Alphonse lived several two provinces of Chiquito and Velasco years among them to learn their ways. there must be at least fourteen to He not only learned to speak their fifteen thousand Indians without a language but also reduced it to writ- witness for Christ among them." ing for the first time.

EUROPE Witch Doctor's Testimony Mosques in Paris and London AN INDIAN, fifty-six years of age, MOSLEM propaganda in Europe appeat;ed before the Session of continues unabated. An Asthe church in San Felipe, Guatemala, sociated Press report described the to be admitted as a catechumen. The dedication in Paris on .July 15th of following report is given of a part the first mosque in France. Those of his examination: "I am a new who were present at the ceremony inman. I no longer have a thirst for cluded President Doumergue, Mulai drink. I feel a great shame when I Youssef, Sultan of Morocco; Lord think of deceiving my fellows with Crewe, the British ambassador; the witch doctor rites. Here is my Minister of War Guillaumat, Gen. bag of red beans. I want them to be Gouraud and many other well-known yours as a token of a sinner saved. persons. President Doumergue and Above all God has come into my life. the Sultan were escorted by a special native guard of honor. Thousands of I believe in Him. I want to serve and to honor Him. " " And do you Mohammedans from Tunis, Morocco promise with the help of God to ab- and Algeria crowded the streets leadstain from all these superstitious rites ing to the mosque. According to the in the future f" "Of course. When report, "the presence of the British you have come into the light, you ambassador was remarked as a tribute don't want to go back into the dark to its Moslem subjects by the British again, do you?" Government. "

Rubber Trade in Bolivia Students of Islam are familiar with the activities of the Moslem group at A TRIP into the interior of Bolivia W oking, London. It is now reported a few months ago is described by John M. Mackinnon in Inland South that a third mosque is soon to be America. He speaks of the deserted erected in Dulwich, another section of towns which lay in the track of the London. The Islamic World comold rubber trail from the pestilential ments: " Among' the spires and regions of Acre and the River Beni, crosses of its Christian churches may soon rise the crescent of Islam."

where the Indians had been seduced Progress in Belgian Mission and enslaved by the unscrupulous rubber traders during the days of the ENCOURAGING reports come from rubber boom. "To-day," he says, Mr. and Mrs. Ralph C. Norton, "rubber is booming again, and terror whose work in the Belgian Gospel Mis- sion has long been familiar to readers is broadcast in these regions. AI-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

of the Review. One such has to do or lecturers may be appointed if with the opening of a new evangelistic necessary. By Spanish law the head hall in the town of Marche in Luxem- of the college must be a Spaniard. bourg, a section of the country for The lack of religious liberty in Spain which the members of the mission had was commented on in the June been praying especially. One of them Review. writes: "After God had given us an opening in Luxembourg, He gave us New Slavic Evangelica.ls a house, then a worker, then simultaneously raised up a friend in T HE revival movement in Ukrainia, America who had never before given which was referred to in the July in a large way to the work in Belgium, Review is reported to be gaining to pay the purchase price of the new strength. The Record of the United house in ~larche." Another develop- Free Church of Scotland announces ment is the use this past summer of that in Russia besides the Baptist two motor cars, which were given by Church and the German-speaking friends of the Mission as a result of Lutheran Church, a new body, called the great blessing attending the open- "The Evangelical Christians," is in ail' work of last year, in which the process of formation. Its numbers are cal' of the Open-Air Mission of put by some at four millions, but London was so employed. In this others already give them double that itinerating campaign of evangelism, figure. This great movement is said in addition to preaching in untouched to have been caused in large measure sections of the country, a wonderful by returned prisoners of war, who in opportunity is given to distribute the tens of thousands came under deep printed Word. religious influences in certain of the camps in Germany and Hungary. Protestant Union Work in Spa.in When they went home, they took with them a new religious faith, and are WHAT is described by those who now spreading the Gospel in almost took part in it as "a great step every corner of Russia. Among these forward in the evangelization of awakening Russian Evangelicals there Spain" is the decision to establish this is a great hunger for the Bible. October a union theological school. This decision was made in April by "A Robert College for Greece" the third annual conference of the International Committee for Spanish T HAT Bulgaria was to have an Evangelization. Nine countries were institution which could be so derepresented-England, Scotland, Ire- scribed, was announced in the May land, Holland, Sweden, Germany, Review. A news item in the New York America, France and Spain. The Times on August 30th stated that Anglican, Presbyterian, Congrega~ Professor Edward Capps of the Greek tionaI, Wesleyan, Lutheran, and Department at Princeton University, French Reformed Church had each at who was United States Minister to least one representative. Twenty-five Greece during the Wilson Adminispastors and lay workers attended. tration, is now at the request of a No such representative Protestant group of Athenians organizing a gathering had ever been seen in Spain board of trustees for a nonsectarian, befo·re. The vote for this training non-political American college to be college was unanimous. There are to established. in Greece, modeled after be four professors appointed by the Robert College in Constantinople, to churches or societies concerned-the be known as Athens College. A com- Irish Presbyterian, the German mittee of prominent Athenians is en- United Committee, the Spanish and deavoring to raise $500,000 for the the Portuguese Church Aid Society, college buildings. A tract of twentythe American Board. Other teachers three acres near Athens on the road to Kyfissia has been donated as the

site of the college, and $100,000 has ment there. Miss Helen A. Davis, been raised for the buildings. Pro- who headed the party but plans to fessor Capps has requested the follow- return in December, says: ing men to serve on the board of trustees: Elihu Root, Dwight S. Mor- It has been a number of years since the row, Henry S. Pritchett, John H. first request from the Philippines came to Finley, Stephen S. Duggan, Ery the National Board for help. For financial Kehaya and Charles P. Howland. reasons it has been impossible to go be· fore. A recent cable welcomes us and asks ISLANDS OF THE SEA how they may help in the interval before onr arrival. Under the leadersh:p of the Igorot Boys Ask for Schooling Committee a club for young women has been started in Manila and has been doing ef- T HE new principal of the school fective work. This small club will be the conducted by the Protestant nucleus of our future Y. W. C. A. Episcopal Church at Baguio, on the island of Luzon, in the Philippines, GENERAL writes: "That Igorots are keen for Christianity and education is evident International Missionary Councll every day, hut it was especially so during the week when crowds of chil- T HE Committee of the Interdren came to enroll for this school national Missionary Council held year. Many of the boys wore only its session for 1926 near Rattvik, g-strings, yet everyone came prepared Sweden. to pay his matriculation fee which amounts to six pesos for the highest The meeting, which lasted from grades. We accepted nearly a hun- July 17th to 25th, was the second dred children but had to turn away held by the Committee since the last about fifty more because we 'had no meeting of the Council, which was more room j it did not seem right to convened in Oxford, England, in have more tban three boys sleeping 1923. The last previous meeting of in one bed. But some of the children the Committee was at Atlantic City, who were told to go home refused to N. J., in 1925. This one was attended go. One big boy named Tomas sat on by practically all of the regular memmy office steps for two days, in order bers, as well as by the officers and a to say, on all possible occasions, 'I few consultative members, representwill go to this school, mum.' " ing Europe, the two Americas, Asia and Africa. Dr. John R. Mott, Chair- Y. W. C. A. for the Philippines man of the Council presided. The themes which, in the main, claimed T HE Filipino young woman, Miss the time and challenged the thinking Soledad Garduno, who was de- of this group were the following: Spiritual Vitality; Presentation of scribed in the April Review as "a Y. the Christian Message in Relation to Non-Christian Faiths j Enlisting the W. C. A. pioneer," has been studying New Generation; Enlisting the Inin the training school conducted by terest and Service of Laymen; Christhe National Board in New York tian Education j Christian Literature j City. She was to accompany in Sep- Devolution Problems of Indigenous tember the first American unit of Y. Churches; Racial Questions j Human W. C. A. workers to go to the Philip- Relations in Industry, and 'Forced pines. Upon the urgent invitation of Labor; Religious Education i and the a Provisional Committee of the Philip- Next Meeting of the Council. On this pines, of which both American and last point it was decided to hold the Filipino women are members, they meeting in the spring of 1928 in will develop the Association move- Jerusalem.

books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-

THE REVIEW.

BEST BOOKS FOR THE STUDY Missionary Education, London, pp. 2]6, 2/3. OF ISLAM For a most scholarly presentation By REV. EIW'{EST W·. RWGS, BOSTON of the subject, we turn to Associate Secretary of the American Board Aspects of Islam. D. B. Macdonald. Mac· millan Co., New York. $1.75. Every alert student of missions realizes that the ancient solidity of The throbbing heart of the Moslem Islam has been softened by strange world is forbidden to the non·Moslem new fires. Moslem governments and but Burton adventurously visited the peoples are in a plastic state. To holy cities and told the story in ascertain whence are these new fires and what the influences shaping the A Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to plastic mass is not an easy task. As Al-Madinah and Meccah. R. F. Burton. a guide to one really interested, a G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York. 1856. small list of books is recommended. We include a most excellent bio- We have not included books writ- graphical study of a noble Moslem ten as "exposing Islam," but sug- saint: gest such volumes as will provide a sufficiently broad basis for a fair A Moslem Seeker after God. S. M. Zwemer. study of Islam and the present Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. $2.25. Christian approach to the Moslem. Such a general study of Islam does Although this great religion and not, however, satisfy our interest. its influences cannot be gauged ac- The present is a time of such unusual curately by studying its sacred book significance that we name three volalone, yet a good translation of the umes dealing with the changes now Koran is certainly of first importance. going on in the Moslem world: The Koran. Tr. by J. M. Rodwell. Every· Modern Movements among Moslems. S. G. man edition. E. P. Dutton & Co., New Wilson. Fleming H. Reyell Co., New York. 80 cents. York.

Accompanying the Koran, there The Moslem World in Revolution. W. Wil· shoulo be a 2'lioslem's interpretation son Cash. Edinburgh House Press, Lon· of his religion. This will best be don. 2 shillings net. found in Young Islam on Trek. Basil Mathews. The Spirit of Islam. Amir Ali. 515 pages. Missionary Education Movement, New Christophers. London. York. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents.

A fair study of Islam by one whose Studies in each separate field of viewpoint is Christian is also essen- Islam might well supplement these tiaL Several excellent books are general volumes. Because Turkey available. The briefest is in some has been the active volcano in the ways the best: molten mass, we include the follow- ing: Outline of the Religion of Islam. H. U. Weitbreeht Stanton. Missionarv Equip· Modern Turkey. Eliot G. Mears. Macmil· ment and Literature Supply, Ltd., Church Jan Co., New York. $6.00. House, 'Westminster, Loudon. 1 shilling. Turkey. Arnold· Toynbee & Kenneth Kirk· wood. Ernest Benn, Ltd. London. 15 shillings.

Somewhat longer is "The Story of The contact of Christianity with Islam "-Lunt, United Council for Islam must first be viewed historically 829

and for this purpose, there is one Shepard of Aintab. Alice S. Riggs. Misbook of outstanding importance: . sionary E.ducation Movement, New York.

The Rebuke of Islam. W. H. T. Gairdner. Clotb, $1.00; paper, 75 cents. United Council for Missionary Education, London. 60 cents. My Life and Times. Cyrus Hamlin. Pil- grim Press, Boston. 1893. 50 cents. Another volume of special value is In closing, we refer to two recent Vital ]lorces of Christianity and Islam. report volumes of permanent signifi- Oxford University Press, New York. cance: $1.20. Conference of Christian Workers among When we come to consider the Mloslems. 1924. International :Missionnewer contacts of Christian missions ary Council, 347 Madison Ave., New with the changing conditions of the York. $1.50. Moslem world, three volumes of permanent value come to mind: Christian Literature in Moslem Lands. George H. Doran Co., New York. 1923_ A Christian Approach to '[slam. Jas. L. $2.50. Barton. Pilgrim Press, Boston. 50 cents. The Editor adds the following list The Moslem World of Today. John R. of books of special interest and value Mott and others. George H. Doran Co., on various phases of the subject. The New York. $2.50. 1926. mission study books on the subject have already been mentioned. The Moslem. :Facel! the :Future. T. R. P. Sailer. Missionary Education Movement, The Arab at Home. Paul W. Harrison. 8 New York. 254 pages. $1. (A study vo. $3.50. Thomas Y. Crowell. New book). York. 1924.

The dramatic possibilities of the Islam-A Challenge to Faith. Samuel M. present situation are presented in a Zwemer. 8 vo. Student Volunteer Moveplay: ment. New York. 1907.

Osman Pasha. Rapp. The Century Co., History of Protestant Missions in the Near New York. 145 pages. $1.25. East. Julius Richter. 8 vo. $2.50. Flem- ing H. Revell 00. 1910. Another play, easily staged by a church or Sunday school, has been A History of the Arabian Mission. A. Dewritten by Miss Wilcox: Witt Mason and F. J. Barny. 8 vo. $1.25. Reformed Church in America. New York. Kasim. Helen Wilcox. Missionary Educa· 1926. tion Movement, New York. 50 cents. An American Physician In Turkey. Clar- For a study of old conditions, ence D. Ussher. 8 va. Houghton, Miffiin which still prevail in most of the .CO. Boston. 1917. Moslem world, we mention Among the Wild Tribes of the Afghan Our Moslem Sisters. Annie Van Sommer Frontier. T. L. Pennell. 8 vo. Lippin- and S. M. Zwemer. Fleming H. Revell, cott. Philadelphia. 1909. New York. $1.25. A History of the Arabian Mission. Rev. The hope of progress is happily Alfred DeWitt Mason, D.D., and Rev. brought out in Frederick J. Barny. mus. 8 vo. 256 pp. $1.25. Board of Foreign Missions, Re- Memoirs of Halide Edib Hanum. Century formed Church in America. New York. Co., New York. 372 pages. $4. ]926.

A few missionary biographies will Arabia, the land of romance and of be found especially helpful in this legend, is also a land of reality. It is study: known as the birthplace of Moham- med and the Koran, the land of great Raymund Lull: First Missionary to the deserts, the home of wandering tribes, Moslems. S. M. Zwemer. Funk and Wagnalls Co., New York. 75 cents. Of camels and horses and dates; but Henry Martyn: Confessor of the Faith. few know Arabia as the scene of Constance Padwick. George H. Doran heroic missionary adventure for God Co., New York. $1.50. and humanity. This latter story is told here. After a preliminary de- scription of the land, the people, their history, civilization, education and re- ligion, the authors-one of whom is a missionary to Arabia-tells the inspir- and Mexico brought back effective ap- ing story of how the Arabian mission peals.

was founded in faith thirty-seven H is worth while now and then to years ago; how the stronghold .of read a book like this, which tells of Islam was entered; how the work has opportunities seized which are missed been extended and strengthened until by most of us, which tells of work now there are five stations, manned well done in the common world in by forty American missionaries, as- which most of us live, which tells of sisted by twenty-two native Christian faith staggered by sorrow, but helpers. It is a story of prejudice strengthened by friendship_ The overcome, women and children en- author well closes her book with the lightened and friends won to Christ. poem by Alfred Noyes, entitled: It is. an intimate record of faith, of THE GIFT THE DEAD DESIRE courage, of sacrifice, of achievementone that is worthy of a place in the There's but one gift that all our dead desire, annals of missions and that enlarges One gift that men can give, and that's a the list of the" Heroes of Faith." dream, Unless we, too, can burn with that same tire Of sacrifice: Die to the things that seem.

Morgenrote in Japan. Dr. Emil Schiller, Die to the little hatreds; die to greed; Superintendent in Kyoto. pp. 51. and Die to the old ignoble selves we knew; Map and Halftone Illustrations, pp. Die to the base contempt of sect and creed, VIII. Priee 6() Pfennigs. Allegemeine- And rise again like these, with souls as true. Evangelisch-Protestantischer Missions- verein. Berlin. 1926. W. J.H.

This attractive booklet tells of the The Task of the Christian Church. A World Survey. Foreword by Dr. Thomas work of the Allgemeine-Evangelisch- Cochrane. 8vo. 141 pp. World Domin- ion Press. London. 1926. Protestantischer lYIissionsverein which Using the World Missionary Atlas, has carried on mission work in Japan the Statesman's Year Book and the Mission Year Books as sources ior for the last 40 years. '1'he book gives statistics, the compilers of this re- ligious world survey have gathered a comprehensive view of the work 01 a valuable collection of facts about all the countries of the world. Each the society and its methods, in ten country is listed, with information about the area, population and chapters, of which the two most in- teresting discuss the question whether J·apan needs Christianity and whether the old religions can satisfy the mod- ern Japanese mind. T. B.

The Life Story of Alice Culler Cobb. Mary Protestant mjssions, and the task of Culler White. Illustrated. 240 pp. the Church in that country is briefly $1.50. New York. 1925. set forth. .Much of the information This charming life story lays no is not new and some countries are claim to greatness but is told pri- dealt with very meagerly, but as a marily for the sake of those who love handbook of world-wide missions it will be especially useful to those who or ought to love Wesleyan College, wish general iniormation. Georgia.

Mrs. Cobb was born in the Old American Relations with China. 8 va. South and her school days closed 225. $1.50. Johns Hopkins Press. Balshortly before the Civil War. For timore. 1926. more than forty years her life was knit with that of Wesleyan College The conference of Missionary and the care of a large household with Board representatives, Chinese and growing children, seemed not to rob diplomats held at Baltimore last her teaching of success. In the later September is already well known. years, she became a Secretary for This volume reports the addresses and discussions on treaties, extrater- Women's Work in the Foreign De- ratoriality, customs control, indus- partment of her Board of Missions trial conditions, missions, etc. There and from her travels in the Orient is also an excellent bibliography, Do You Know?

Who built the Ark? was the Drst Chri.tian martyr?

were the Samaritans?

Send fOT thu 5-minute (Now in its 12th edition) Bible Test FREE The Christ of· the Are you satisfied with your knowledge Indian Road of the Bible – the most interesting book in the world? See if you can answer the By questions in our free 5-minute Bible E. STANLEY JONES Test. The ten Moody Bible Institute Home Study Courses give you the Bibli- "N0 man since Thoburn has cal knowledge necessary for the most brou~t a message so fresh and striking." perfect daily religious lif€'_ They are non–secta.. rian and there is one suited to the needs from "One of the few little books of the beginner to the advanced Christian. The recent years that no minister wonderful experience ot 34,000 men and women should miss."

students is waiting for you. Find out from this "It will be read and re-read free test if your Bible knowledge i. whatitought in all Western Communions." to be. Mail coupon now. "One of the memorable books MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE in connection with the mission- CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL ary enterprise."

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – Dept 4687 153I…titute Place, Chica.o. DL Net, $1.00, postpaid. I ~~~b!'i~si~~~~ute Place, Chicago, Ill. I I Please send me, Free, your 5·Minute II -AT THE BETTER BOOKSHOPS- I Bible Test. No obligation. I I Name ._………_ ………_……..__……….._…….__…… THE ABINGDON PRESS I I Street and NO……….._:…………………._…….__……

11==:~:~:=:==:=~;~=~~J A Correction, ieal regions mentioned in the Old and New Testaments. REV. E. D. LUCAS, D.D. succeeded Dr. .T. C. R. Ewing as president of Forman DR. ADOLF KELLER, European Secretary of Christian College, Lahore, India, in 191!"l. the Federal Council of Churches, is to de- Jlev. H. D. Griswold, Ph.D., 'has not been liver a course of lectures this autumn at president of the College, as stated in the the University of Znrich on the problems of Personals in our Angust nnmber, but American Protestantism. has been president of the Board of Direc· tors, from which position he has recently RJOHARD C. MORSE, LL.D., former general resigned, his place being taken by Dr. H. secretary of the International Committee C. Velte. of the Y.M.C.A., and now eighty-five years of age, has attended every world's confer- *" ence bnt one since 1872, and was the oldest delegate at the recent Y.M.C.A. conference PERSONALS in Helsingfors, Finland.

MRS. LEWIS L. ANllWALT, of Allentown, *** Pa., has been elected President of the Woo man's Missionary Society of the Reformed BISHOP LOGAN H. RolYI'S, chajrman of the Church in the United States. Honse of Bishops of the Chinese Church, was appointed by its General Synod to * spend the summer Visiting the Chinese Christians in the Philippines, Singapore, MISS Luoy H. DAWSON has resigned as and Borneo, in response to a reqnest from Secretary for Promotion in the Board of the bishops of those territories. National Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. *** WIMJAM T. ELLIS, LL.D., has recently re- MR. AND MRS. .ToHN J. BREMAN are the tnrned from a ten months' tour of Bible first missionary candidates to be accepted lands, wherein he covered all the geograph.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WOR.LD in writing to advertisers.