The Missionary Review of the World — June 1932

1932

400 Years After Colutnbus M. Katherine Bennett The Spiritual Conquest of Africa Charles E. Pugh A Missionary's Critics Paul W. Harrison The Rural Situation in Canada J. R. Watt Missions in India 100 Years Ago John Rutherford

to Remember from Columbia University and later China in 1882 and engaged in

attend the World's Sunday School June 2-General Synod of REFORMED Convention at Rio Janeiro. evangelistic and educational work in CHURCH IN AMERICA, Kingston, Shantung. He was superintendent of N.Y. *•• the Peking District, as conference evangelist, as professor in the Biblical June 8-15-Annual General Confer- Dr. George F. G. Brown, Principal School, as professor in Peking Uni- ence, CHURCH OF THE BRETHREN, of Wycliffe College, Oxford, England, versity, and as dean of the Theological Anderson, Ind. has been appointed Bishop of Jerusa- College of Peking University. He lem, to succeed the Rt. Rev. Rennie served also in evangelistic and edu- June 14-24–Southwide Conference of MacInnes, who died in 1981. Dr. cational work in Tsunhua, Tientsin, the Young Woman's Auxiliary, Brown is a prominent member of the Changli, and Taianfu. Woman's Missionary Union of the evangelical party in England and is Southern Baptist Convention, greatly interested in the question of *** Ridgecrest, N. C. Christian unity. Professor Erasmo Braga, a leading June 16-20-Annual Convention of the **• Christian educator and publicist of WOMEN'S GENERAL MISSIONARY So· Brazil, died in Rio de Janeiro, on May CIETY OF THE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN The Rev. Melvin Fraser, D. D., who 11th. Professor Braga was at one time CHURCH, Columbus, Ohio. has been connected with the West Af- a newspaper man and a teacher in the rica Presbyterian Mission for the past public schools of Brazil. In recent June 20-July 2-INSTITUTE OF INTER- 85 years, and had a large part in the years he has been connected with the NATIONAL RELATIONS, NORTHWEST- translation of the Old Testament and Committee on Christian Cooperation ERN UNIVERSITY, Evanston, Ill. all of the New Testament into the in Latin America. He was chancellor Bulu language, has been honored with of the Federation of Evangelical June 20-July I-Conference for Min- the title "The Honorary Resident Mis- Schools of Brazil and Professor in the isters and Religious Workers, and sionary of the House of Hope Pres- Union Theological Seminary of the one on Church Work in Cities and byterian Church." Protestant Churches of Brazil. Industrial Communities, will meet jointly this year at Union Theolog- ••• He had traveled widely, represent- ical Seminary, New York City. ing various Brazilian organizations in Dr. George B. Winton, formerly edi- international conferences. He was a June 22-28-Winona Summer School tor of the Christian Advocate in of Missions, Winona Lake, Ind.

June 23-July 4–COMMITTEE OF THE Nashville and once a missionary in delegate to Jerusalem Missionary Con- INTERNATIONAL'MISSIONARY COUN- Mexico, has been appointed' Dean . of ference in 1928 and to the Lakeville CIL, Herrnhut, Germany. the School of Religion in Vanderbilt Conference last summer. He had just June 23-July 2-NEW ENGLAND INSTI- University, Nashville, Tenn. •*• finished a survey of religious and edu- TUTE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, Wellesley, Mass. cational conditions in Brazil, now be- Rev. Melvin E. Trotter has been ing published. June 27-July 4–Geneva Summer School for Women and Girls, Will- made Vice-President of the Los An- *** iams Bay, Wis. geles Bible Institute. For thirty-eight years he has been the nation's lead- The Rev. James W. Hawkes, the July 3-23-Seminar in Mexico. first Presbyterian missionary in the ing specialist in rescue mission work; Persia mission died April 21st at July 12-17-Annual Meeting, NORTH- superintendent of a mission in Grand ERN BAPTIST CONVENTION at San Hamadan, Persia. Mr. Hawkes had Francisco, Calif. Rapids, Mich., and in close touch with been in Persia for fifty-two years un- 68 other missions. Under the auspices July 25-31-WORLD'S SUNDAY SCHOOL der the Presbyterian Board of For- CONVENTION, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. of the Bible Institute, he will now eign: Missions. He was a founder of direct Bible Conferences and evange- August 23-28-General Conference of listic campaigns. the American School for Boys at SEVENTH-DAY BAPTIST CHURCH at Hamadan, and was instrumental in *•• establishing a hospital there. Mr. Adams Center, N. Y. Dr. and Mrs. H. Lechmere Clift, Hawkes had compiled a 1,000 page October 18-24–FIVE YEARS MEETING formerly of Emmanuel Medical Mis- Persian Biblical dictionary. sion, are now making Hongkong their OF THE FRIENDS, Richmond, Ind. center. Being the terminus of a rail- •** way which will soon be connected Personal Items through China with the Siberian sys- The Rev. Howland H. Evans, for tem, Hongkong offers a unique oppor- more than twenty years a missionary Dr. S. K. Datta. a Y. M. C. A. leader tunity for missionary service. in India representing the Indian at MacLean Memorial Station, Lolo- Christian community at the Round Ta- ••• dorf, West Africa, died April 20th at ble Conference in London and who has been a member of the International Rev. Alexander Cruickshank of Cal- the station. Dr. Evans was president Committee of the Y. M. C. A. at abar, a veteran missionary who re- of Dager Memorial Theological and Geneva, is to take office as principal Bible Training School, a Presbyterian of Farman Christian College at La- cently completed fifty years in the hore beginning next October. This South African mission field, has re- mission at MacLean Memorial Stais at the request of Dr. Edmund D. ceived one of Aberdeen University's tion. Lucas who will take the position of honorary degrees. *** ••• Miss Helen Thobum, prominently identified with the national Y. W. C. A., died February 8, in New York.

vice-principal for a year at least. Obituary Notes Miss Thoburn was a member of the notable family which for three gen- ••• The Rev. WilJiam Thomas Hobart, erations has produced ministers, mis- sionaries and teachers. From 1920 to Dr. Arthur W. Wilkie, one tiIne mis- D. D., missionary of the Methodist 1928, she represented the Y. W. C. A. sionary to Calabar, has become the in China. Principal of Lovedale Institute. This Episcopal Church in China for 47 school has had but three principals in *** its ninety years of existence and Dr. years and one of the heroes of the Wilkie takes up the work with a wider Canon Edward Sell, D. D., a misexperience than either of his prede- Boxer Rebellion in 1900, died of heart sionary in India for sixty-seven years, cessors, having spent thirty years as· missionary in Africa, and having had disease on April 21 at the home of died in Bangalore, South India, on to adjust many difficult situations, February 15th at the age of ninetyespecially since the Great War. his son, Dr. M. H. Hobart, in Evans- three. He was born in England in ••* ton, Ill. Dr. Hobart had returned from i839 and went to India under the China six weeks ago for medical treat- Church Missionary Society in 1865 to ment. ' .. become headmaster of the Harris . Dr. Hobart was born in Red Wing, Minnesota, September 18, 1856, the son of a Methodist pioneer circuit Bishop J. R. Chitambar, of Luck- rider. He. received his education in School for Moslems in Madras. Most now, India, and Mrs. Chitambar, will Northwestern University and in Gar- of his work for over half a century attend the graduation of their son rett Biblical Institute. He went to (Continued on 3d Cove?)

Chat THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

OUR JULY NUMBER will be DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor largely devoted to The American Indian, the Home Mission study Vol. LVI JUNE,1932 No.6 topic for the coming yea r. Among the interesting and stim- Page ulating articles will be: FRONTISPIECE-Christian and Heathen Training in Africa OUR PREDECESSOR-THE INDIAN TOPICS OF THE TIMES ……………………………….. · 323 By Bishop Hugh L. Burleson Freedom for the Filipinos Home Mission Finances Handicapped Children WHY MISSIONS TO The World in Rio Light Through Darkness INDIANS Ambassadors from the Orient By Henry Roe Cloud. a Winnebago FOUR HUNDRED YEARS AFTER COLUMBUS–A New Voyage of Discovery to Santo Domingo …………………………. , 329 SOME TWICE BORN , INDIANS By MRS. M. KATHElRINE S. BENNETT, Vice-President of the Board of National Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. By Dr. Bruce Kinney THE SPIRITUAL CONQUEST OF AFRICA ……….•……….. 332 LESSONS LEARNED IN A By CHARLES E. PUGH, English Baptist Missionary in the Belgian Congo CENTURY A MISSIONARY'S CRITICS ……………………………… · 337 By Thomas C. Moffett By PAUL W. HARRISON, M. D., Missionary in Arabia, Reformed Church in WHERE ARE THE UNEVAN- America – GELIZED INDIANS? By G. E. E. Lindquist AFRICA'S QUESTION TO THE WORLD ………………….. 340 By H. W. FEET, Editor of the Near and Far East News Bureau, London BEST BOOKS ON THE AMERICAN INDIAN THE RURAL SITUATION IN CANADA ………………….•.. 342 By Mary Huston By the REv. J. R. WATT, Professor of Queen's Theological College, SOLUTION OF THE INDIAN PROBLErvr Kingston, Ontario B'y S€cretary Ray Lyman Wilbur LEPERS!-TWO PICTURES FROM.MALAYA ………………. 346 WHAT INDIANS ARE DOING By ALBERT E. SUTHERS, Professor of Missions, Ohio Wesleyan Uni- FOR INDIANS versity .

By Miss, Mary M. Crawford HINDU-MOSLEM RELATIONS IN INDIA ………………….. 349 By the REV. B. C. ISHWARDAS, Recently Pastor in Ludhiana, Panjab WHAT CHRIST HAS DONE FORME MISSIONS IN INDIA ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO……….. 351 By JOHN RUTHERFORD Testimonies by Indians THE MISSIONARY IN TIMES OF DANGER .•……………… 357 AN INDIAN'S VIEW OF MIS- By the late J. HUDSON TAYLOR, Founder of the China Inland Mission SIONS TO INDIANS By W. David Owl, Iroquois ONE HUNDRED YEARS IN WEST AFRICA … , ………….•.. 359 By·W… REGINALD WHEELER, 'Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, THIS WILL BE A DOUBLE , Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. NUMBER EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING …………….•……….. ' 361 Do not miss it. There will also Edited by MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON be articles on foreign lands. WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN …………….. , 365 THE AUGUST NUMBER Edited by MISS ANNE SEESHOLTZ and MISS FLORENCE G. TYLER will be omitted this year. This is, in part, to save expense, and OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK………………………….. 370 in part for the reason that many subscribers are away in August A Missionary ,Newspaper of Current Events and their magazines do not follow them. It is a slack month OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF ………………………… 382 in Church work and in business. Therefore our July issue will be Recent Books Reviewed for Our Readers' Information of extra large size. Publication Office 40 S. Meridian St.. Indianapolis, Indiana *** Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City "Congratulation on the April Entered as second-class matter at Post-Office, Indianapolis, Ind., under Act of REVIEW. I would not have March 3, 1879. supposed that any magazine 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year Foreign Postage 50 cents a year change in dress could have add- Published monthly-All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1932 by the ed so much to its dignity as this change has done. Probably the MlSSlONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING co., INC. material was as good before but it makes much greater impres- Board of Directors sion on me now." PAUL W. HARRISON, of Arabia. ROBERT E. SPEER, ·President SA>lUEL MCCREA CAVERT MILTON J. STAUFFER W~l. I. C'HAMBERL,lN, Vice-President MilS. ORRIN R. JUDD A. L. WARNSHUIS *** SAMUEL M. ZWEMER W ALTER McDOUGALL, Treasw'er ':1. B. LIPPIIARD WHAT OTHERS SAY DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary ERIC M. NOIlTH "I can't renew my subscription without writing to tell you how much I have enjoyed reading the REVIEW during the past months. It has been splendid."

'WILLIAM MILLER, of Persia.

BOYS OF THE LIND! RIVER BAMANGA TRIBE ARRAYED FOR THE INITIATION RITES INTO A

POWERFUL AND EVIL SECRET SOCIETY CHRISTIAN-CONGOLESE BUSH-SCHOOL TEACHERS REPRESENTING FIVE DISTRICT TRIBES AND LANGUAGES HEATHEN AND CHRISTIAN METHODS OF TRAINING AFRICAN TRIBES REVIB ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER SIX JUNE, 1932 Topics of the Times FREEDOM FOR THE FILIPINOS nearly one-half of the population. Mr. Norman H.

Unrest characterizes the Philippine Islands as Camp says: well as other parts of the world. The Filipinos have liberty and protection for life, property, The younger generation, especially the student class, trade and worship. They have educational ad- read and speak English and are anxious to secure suitable reading matter in that language. In 1928 there were 1,111,509 pupils in the 7,311 public schools, with 293 vantages, greater material prosperity than ever American and 25,958 Filipino teachers. There were 655 before and a larger degree of self-government- private schools, with 84,685 pupils and 2,823 teachers. The and still they are not satisfied. Their political state-supported University of the Philippines in 1928-29 leaders want independence and full self-determi- had 5,698 students. nation even though it means disaster. The American Government naturally feels a responsibility In Iloilo it is difficult to find suitable books for for the guardianship taken over from Spain, but the young people to read. A missionary tells of promises independence as soon as they are ready the need for building up a library at the Student for it-perhaps in fifteen years. Center to serve this great student community with its thousands of students and the teachers who are By a large majority the United States House guiding their thoughts. of Representatives recently passed a bill granting independence to the Philippines (as a Con- Another missionary writes: "The printed page stitutional Commonwealth) in 1940 but reserving is one of the best ways at our disposal of spreadfor America certain military and naval bases. ing the Gospel message." The bill provides for very restricted Filipino immigration into the United States. The reasons While there is a growing demand for Christian for this bill seem to be the demands of labor reading matter, there is also a growing tendency unions and a desire to protect the American in- among the Filipinos toward materialism. These dustries from free importation of Filipino sugar are perilous days. Many have revolted against the and other products. Congress seems to have been old ecclesiastical domination that has prevailed in moved by a desire for American independence, the islands for the past three centuries, but have and freedom from responsibility, rather than by not believed the Gospel. Free thought, theosophy, any unselfish wish to bless the Filipinos. There spiritism, atheism and skepticism are winning is little doubt that separation from America will many of the intelligentsia and undermining the bring economic depression and political turmoil power of the Church. The present critical situato the 13,000,000 inhabitants of the islands, as tion is a challenge to Christians. Those who are independence has increased poverty and chaos in open-minded, particularly young people, are eager Cuba. Independence will also be endangered un- to know and are very persistent in their search for education and material advancement. Their great need is for spiritual life and moral progress.

less this is guaranteed by the American govern- THE HANDICAPPED CHILDREN ment. Such independence does not necessarily spell A recent conference on Child Health and Profreedom-political, economic or religious. tection, held at the White House in Washington, In the meantime Filipinos enjoy full religious reported that two in seven -of the children of the liberty and at present the islands offer a wide door United States are abnormal. The total child popu- for evangelistic work in Spanish and the native lation of the country is figured at abOut 42,000,000 languages and for the distribution of Christian and of these 5,630,000 are handicapped through literature in English. Until 1930, Spanish was the defective sight, hearing, weak hearts or lungs, official language, but now English is taught in all crippled bodies or retarded minds. Many of these the public schools and is read or understood by defects could be prevented by the education and [323 ]

self-restraint of parents; many of the handi- How can children and youth be taught to dis- capped children could be prepared to live useful, cern the fallacies in these teachings? The great- normal lives by careful training while they are est crime of Russia is the sin against youth; but young. Russia is not alone in leading youth away from "It is unquestionably better policy," says the God. The State and the Church and the home White House report, "to spend money in helping in every land have a joint responsibility for the a handicapped child to help himself than it is to training of impressionable childhood in the way spend more of the public's money to support him of right, of peace, of truth and of love. The later. It is sound policy, not charity, to provide theories of education that would leave youth to special treatment and training for abnormal chil- their own devices, to natural "self-expression,"

dren. Such measures as will discover the handi- are as false as a system of training that would cap and provide care and training will make him leave deaf or blind children or the mentally de- an asset rather than a liability. Many such chil- ficient to their own unguided self-development.

dren, if neglected, become dependent and delin- The Church and the State and the home cannot quent or even a menace to society." afford to compromise or be indifferent and negli- If this is true of the physically and mentally de- gent. America and other nations will not over- ficient children what shall be said of the millions come the "crime wave" while they foster selfish who have come into the world seriously handi- materialism. The age of rampant and rebellious capped by heredity and environment? Every youth, and the era of godless communism, will child is a potential saint or sinner, a possible as- . not pass until we take seriously the responsibility set or liability, a future blessing or menace. It is of helping the children and youth to put God first not the child's fault, and may be only the parent's in their own lives, in their homes and their misfortune. If there are 42,000,000 children in schools, in their social and economic and political America there are 600,000,000 children in the programs, as well as in their religious life.

world and the value of one child has been brought THE FINANCIAL CRISIS IN HOME MISSIONS home to us through the kidnapping of one baby. The serious decline in gifts to missions has What will the children be tomorrow? In China been attributed by some to dissatisfaction with the youth are leading the nation. The same is the way Foreign Mission work has been contrue in India, in Russia, and in Moslem lands. ducted or to a decrease of interest in the cause. Shall they lead in the way of destruction because they have had no true guidance or shall they lead Some men may have been influenced by ar- in the way of righteousness and peace? As Chris- ticles in the press and by platform criticism which tians we believe that there is only one true way of have raised the question as to missionary ex- Life-it is the way of Christ; the way of truth penditures and as to whether it is worthwhile and love and peace; the way of sacrifice and serv- to attempt to carryon mission work under such ice. If it is true that money and energy spent disturbed conditions as exist today in China and on the training of abnormal-or of normal-chil- India and Moslem lands. dren is worthwhile for the State, how much more is it true that money and time, strength and But Home Mission income has suffered equally prayer are well spent to train the ignorant and with Foreign. Evidently the cause of decline in handicapped youth of the world in the way of giving is not dissatisfaction with any boards or fields or methods.

God as revealed in Christ. Such training by pre- A letter addressed to the treasurers of the cept and example will bring blessing to the youth larger Home Mission Boards of the United States has brought some interesting answers, similar to and to all mankind.

The youth of today are generally courageous those from the Foreign Boards. These answers and energetic and honest but they lack knowledge we condense as follows: and wisdom. There are many forces seeking to Amel'ican Baptist Home Mission Society give them false ideals and to lead them astray. Income 12% less than previous year. They have not acquired knowledge born of experi- Reductions in appropriations for general expenses; ence and they lack the wisdom that comes from vacancies caused by death and resignation not filled. God; therefore they fail to discern the fallacies in Home staff and general field workers are contributing human philosophies and to scent the dangers that beset their pathway. Communism confidently of- 10% of salaries; no appropriations for new buildings. fers a false cure for economic ills; atheism bla- Board of Missionary Cooperation is responsible for col- lection of contributions and promotion work of all Baptist· societies and boards.

tantly promises freedom from restraint; material- Considering general curtailment of all field expenses. ism suggests unrestricted gratification of fleshly Have withdrawn support from two Negro schools and reappetites; intellectualism predicts leadership and duced appropriation for International Baptist Seminary; the fulfilment of ambition. may be necessary to reduce all salaries lO%-including missionaries, secretaries, field workers and office staff.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

American Miss'ionary Association (Congregational) .Efforts being made to arouse the whole church by con- Receipts have decreased almost 20%. ferences, addresses and articles in the denominational All salaries cut 5%-including home and field staff. press. Gravity of the situation has been reported to the churches; a special "Dollar Campaign" has been promoted, If a further curtailment of the work on the field is necessary, it must be accompanied by a decrease in adand "Dime Collectors" have been distributed through the ministrative and promotional expense.

churches. Presbyterian Chu'rch in the U. S.-Home Missions A consistent pressure of economy has been exerted for Income for 1931-1932 decreased a little over 11 per cent. some years. Further reductions will mean cutting opera- Has been necessary to adopt a policy of not guarantions on the field. teeing any salaries or appropriations. Payments are made according to actual receipts. American Friends (Indian Affairs) All salaries have been cut, and may be cut again this year. Decrease in income about 10%. Some work has been ,abandoned and other work turned All salaries reduced 13%. over to Presbyteries. Personal appeals made to supply deficiency. Committee on Stewardship and Finance is giving Further curtailment probable, with dropping of some prayerful consideration to the situation and special apmission stations.

United Christian Missionary Society (Disciples) peals have been made to the churches.

Fifty per cent of the income of this society is used for Reformed Church in America, Domestic Mistrions Home Mission work. Decline in income about 20% from last year. Income has decreased 13% from previous years. Society Budget reduced proportionately. faces a large deficit. Salaries of staff and office force' and field workers re- duced. Support withdrawn from 70 home mission centers. Home No special steps taken to arouse the church at home executive salaries have been reduced. to larger acceptance of responsibility. Board is considering general curtailment in work if No effort will be made to clear the deficit until next year.

Lutheran (United Church) present situation continues.

Regular income decreased about 13% (nine months). Seventh Day Adventists All field budgets adjusted to reduce income. No reduction in salaries of home staff, or of missionaries. Income declined about 10%. Endeavoring to increase financial resources but no Salaries of home staff and of missionaries on the field special efforts are being made. ' reduced to meet reduced income and balance budget; the mission board does not borrow money. Considering a program adjusted to income. Every means possible is being used to arouse home Methodist Episcopal Board of Home Missions church and to increase self-support of the mission churches. Decrease in income (March 1, 1931 to February 29, 1932) $494,177, or about 22%. Appropriations for coming year reduced 10%.

Automatic reduction in budget for new year; no gen- United Presbyterian-A merican Missions eral cut in salaries up to date, either at headquarters or on the field; office and field expense reduced by giving Income "reduced considerably" due to the depression. up some enterprises and by withdrawal of workers. Board has curtailed appropriations for buildings and new property. Tragic facts of the: situation placed before the churches; Board employees' salaries reduced 10% but not missionendeavors to promote regular giving and to stimulate gifts in $10 units or multiples of $10 for designated ary salaries. objects. Special appeal made for Easter offering to meet emer- Budgets must be cut each year to fit income of previous gencies, also to increase regular contributions. year, providing also for accumulated deficit. About fifty per cent of Negro and mountain educational In 1927 the church was supporting or aiding 4,508 mis- work turned over to County and State educational boards. No special plans for the future.

sionary workers. This year the number is reduced to It will be seen from these statements that the 3,332 involving a large curtailment of work. work of all these Home Mission Boards has suf- Methodist Episcopal, South fered from loss of income and necessary curtail- Income reduced about 19% from 1930. ment. (There is much contrast in the definiteness Budget for 1931 slightly cut. of information given-either because some boards Home staff has contributed "a certain per cent" of do not keep their records so as to make it readsalaries; missionary salaries not reduced. ily available, or because they do not wish to make Conducting an "intensive program of education and in- the facts public). spiration and a campaign for membership."

Next year's budget scaled down on percentage basis. The Causes and the Cure Presbyterian Board of National Missions We must recognize the seriousness of the situa- tion. Thousands of Home Mission pastors and Decrease in income over 13% ($521,000) from last year. teachers have been engaged in this work of mak- Appropriations reduced $500,000; salaries of all head- ing Christ known to those who are ignorant of quarter's workers, executive and clerical, reduced 10% Him or who live in the less favored areas in after allowing $1,200 exemption; missionary salaries re- America. Many workers who have given their duced 5%. lives to this cause now face the cutting off of Committee studying the whole question of reorganization with a view to economy; Division of Promotion has been reduced $30,000.

their living income, in whole or in part. Shall 2. We must make known the facts as to the churches and schools be closed in districts where unfinished task, the needs of those who are suf- there are no other centers for Christian educa- fering for lack of Christian care. Let us not be tion, worship and service? Shall children be left afraid to stir emotions by telling the truth- to evil influences, which do not seem to suffer earnestly. from the financial depression? What are some of the causes of the decrease in contribut'ons to 3. Let us cut down administrative expenses, missions and what shall be done about it? as far as is possible without destroying efficiency.

First, the most popular explanation is the sud- 4. Let us omit, for the present, unnecessary den and serious financial depression which has programs for new buildings and equipment- hit large and small givers alike. This is no doubt especially in our home-base churches. one great cause for the missionary deficits but it is not the greatest. 5. We must report to the supporting churches the encouraging spiritual results of Home Mis- Second, reaction has followed financial drives sion work so as to show that it is worthwhile- and campaigns which have involved heavy out- from the standpoint of God and of man. lays both at home and abroad. These have some- times meant the assuming of heavy responsibili- 6. Let us broadcast stirring facts about sacri- ties on the basis of expected incomes which have ficial giving and service, and show the blessings not materialized. that have followed.

Third, the views of some church members have 7. Let us show the present need for greater undergone a change in regard to missionary work. loyalty to Christ and the benefits of devoted and Where socalled "Liberalism" or "Modernism" has wholehearted loyal fellowship with Him in the invaded the church-both pulpit and pew-this work of winning men to Him. Individuals and attitude toward God and Salvation has seriously churches who claim to be Christians need to enter weakened, if it has not killed, missionary enthu- into more perfect partnership with Him who siasm. A desire to elevate non-Christian people so- "gave His life a ransom for many." cially, morally, industrially and intellectually is not a sufficient motive for sacrificial giving of LIGHT THROUGH DARKNESS IN CHINA money and self. We cannot blame the Chinese for being de- Fourth, criticisms of missionary methods, ex- pressed when war and invasion follow the worst penditures, and of results have no doubt caused flood the country has ever experienced, and in some to withhold their full support and coopera- view of the desperate struggle to hold the govtion with mission boards. ernment together in face of banditry, communism and other forces for destruction and disunity. Fifth, many of the larger churches have great- Thoughtful Chinese acknowledge China's weakly increased their budgets for their local work- ness and failures; they admit the corruption of for buildings, additional staff, and for enlarged the former Manchurian government; the provocachurch or community enterprises. These proj- tions which Chinese have given Japan; and ects have absorbed available funds and non-mis- China's lack of capable, unselfish leaders. At the sionary appeals to givers have multiplied. same time there is just complaint against Japan- ese use of military force to attain their ends- Sixth, the unrest in foreign lands, the increase regardless of the League of Nations Covenant. of Communism and the attitude of many non- Japan can never force China to buy her goods or Christians toward Christ and missionary work to love her; but she can force China to distrust have influenced views as to all missionary work. the usefulness of the League and of all pacific means for settling international disputes. The Seventh, a weakened conviction as to the need Chinese are becoming more and more convinced for evangelism, and a complacency as to the fate that "might is after all, the only convincing of "unbelievers" have lead those influenced by argument; therefore China must become a strong these views to materialism and have caused a loss military nation." of their missionary interest-where it existed. The patriotic movement in China has grown All these causes have contributed to a decrease like a great torrent since the Japanese occupied in giving to missionary work both at home and Moukden and Shanghai. Mass meetings, parades, abroad. All the work of the churches, as well as student strikes and petitions have expressed the educational and philanthropic enterprises have Chinese mind and anti-Japanese propaganda has suffered greatly. What shall be done about it? reached out into the most distant hamlets. Stu- dent groups have sometimes been under the in- 1. Let Christians unite in prayer to God for fluence of selfish and destructive forces but for a new experience of spiritual life, light, love and the most part the movement has been actuated by power. We need more vital faith in Christ and sincere though often misguided patriotism. The the Bible.

Nanking Religious Education Fellowship recently THE WORLD IN RIO made a study of the attitudes of over 1,400 stu- For the first time an evangelical world convendents and found that a large majority favored tion is to be held in Brazil, when the Eleventh armed resistance to J.apan. "At the same time World's Sunday School Convention meets in Rio most of them realized the serious effects of a war de Janeiro in July. Although for centuries the both within and without China," savs the Rev. Frank Wilson Price of Nanking. The attitude Roman Catholic Church has been dominant in of Christian and non-Christian students is very Brazil the Evangelicals have been an increasmuch the same but Christian students more often ingly iarge and influential body of Christians. take the pacifist position or advocate non-cooperation or other forms of non-violent resistance. The Sunday School workers will be pioneering Christian students also do not express hatred for by holding the first world convention south of the the Japanese people as a whole. The whole study equator. The delegates will discover a new world shows the need for a kind of education that will in South America with which many of them are really prevent the catastrophe of war and will pro- altogether unfamiliar. Brazil itself is a mighty mote peaceful methods for settling disputes. country, whose twenty states cover a larger are.a than the forty-eight states of the North AmerI- Christians in Japan have not only deprecated can republic. Forty millions of people live in the action of their military leaders but liberal Brazil, and their capital city is one of the most minded non-Christians show opposition to the beautiful cities in the world. South America is present military policy. Personal letters express teeming with immense possibilities. deep regret and sorrow for the present situation and ask forgiveness for wrongs committed on the This world convention is coming at a strategic Chinese. One Japanese writes: time in the history of Latin America-an era of marked transition in the thought life of a hun- I believe it is the mightest of sins to kill others, what- dred million Latin Americans. Within the past ever the reason may be . . . Here in Japan general eighteen months there have been more revolutions opinion of the people is not supporting the action at all. throughout that southern continent than in t~e Everywhere men and women are regretting deeply the un- preceding one hundred and fifty years. ~.hIle expected undertakings of the troops. . ., .. these revolutions are not at all due to relIgIOus conditions, yet as a result evangelical Christiani~y Please do not think that in Japan everybody IS thmk- has been advanced. Christian visitors to RIO de Janeiro will behold a wonderful outlook upon ing alike, and blindly following the Government. But public opinion is rather powerless at times . . . Let us unite our efforts in peace-making and make our stand so strong that our friendship bonds cannot be broken by a new part of the world and will be missionaries violent men. also by their presence making a vital contribu- tion' to the ongoing of evangelical Christianity. Christians in China respond heartily to such Leaders in Latin America look upon this convenfriendly sentiments and many want to help in tion as "the most important evangelical event building the road to peace. ever scheduled to take place in any part of Latin The daily prayer services in Nanking, held at the home of Dr. H. H. Kung, the Chinese Chris- America." It is hoped that about 2,000 delegates tian Minister of Industries, were attended. by Madam Chiang and frequently by General ChIang will come from the five great continents.* The Kai Shek. central theme will be 0 CHRISTO VIVO (The Crises like that through which the Chinese are passing offer many opportunities to share the Living Christ) and will present the challenge of needs and problems of the suffering people. Missionaries are seeking to keep their morale steady religious education from around the world. The and to give them hope. chief sessions will be held in the Municipal The- Christian Chinese have done much to help afflicted sufferers from flood and war and many Aamte~rrictah.e most beautiful auditorium in South have shown new ability in leadership. A great exhibit of Sunday School lit- Even where they cannot preach they are trying erature and methods is being assembled under the to live out their Christianity. Many have shown the spirit of heroic service that is one of Chri~­ supervision of Mr. H. E. Cressman of the Ameritianity's great contributions. The results of theIr work for the church and community are often can Baptist Publication Society, Philadelphia, and wonderful demonstrations of what a well-trained and devoted rural Christian ministry can do for will be shown in the National Art Gallery. Prof. China.* H. Augustine Smith of Boston University wil~ di~ rect the pageant and music. A World CouncIl of • Facts taken from a letter from the Rev. Frank Wilson Price of Youth will be held under the leadership of Dr.

George Stewart, Stamford, Conn., and a series of post-convention regional meetings are to be ar- ranged by Dr. S. G. Inman, Secretary of the Com- mittee on Cooperation in Latin America, to be * Information regarding rates and routes of travel n;ay be had from the World's Sunday School Association, 216 Metropohtan Tower, Nanking. New York City.

held in Sao Paulo, Montevideo, Buenos Aires, OPPORTUNITIES IN THE NEAR EAST Santiago and Lima. Speakers on the program The needs and opportunities of the Near East will include several eminent speakers of four con- show that the present is not the time to slacken tinents; popular conferences will present the prob- effort. The influence of Christian schools and lems and methods of work in the Sunday School, colleges is far-reaching for they are an effecand seminar groups will take up subjects relat- tive means of bringing the youths daily under ing to religious education. Great blessing should the influence of Christian teachers and Bible income to Latin-America from this convention. struction. There is hope of securing a spiritual awakening within the ancient oriental churches ROBERT M. HOPKINS.

of these lands through the evangelical teaching UNOFFICIAL AMBASSADORS FROM THE given in mission schools and colleges to the youth ORIENT of these churches who attend mission institutions.

The Oriental students in the colleges and uni- Hundreds of these young people are found in such versities of the United States number this year schools in Persia, Palestine, Syria, Egypt and 10,394. They come from 114 countries-includ- other Bible lands.

ing Abyssinia, Afghanistan, Arabia, Cyprus, Ice- In the mission hospitals and dispensaries the land, Java, Persia, Siberia, Tahiti and Russia. healing ministries of the Gospel have broken down The largest number of Asiatics are from China prejudice and hostility. They illustrate the mind (1,242) and Japan (1,187). Africa sends 124, of the Christ who came to bring to burdened hu- and Latin America 315, India 195, the Philip- manity bodily and spiritual healing. Medical pines 803 and Korea 148. The largest foreign missions are an instrument for pioneering student center is New York, with California a Christian work, and are among the most effec- close second and Massachusetts third. tive agencies for carrying on such work.

On their return home these students will enter Through Christian literature, which has been into many lines of service-medicine, teaching, carefully prepared, and widely circulated, the business, politics, engineering and the Christian Gospel message has become known through the ministry. They will carry back the spirit and length and breadth of the Near East, resulting impressions made by contacts in America. Will in many inquirers and conversions. Financial they feel most strongly the provincial, anti-for- support for such work should not be curtailed.

eign attitude of many Americans, and while here Increasingly there are openings for the direct will they chiefly see the evil side of American so- preaching of the Word to non-Christians in all cial life and the materialism in business circles, this area. More evangelistic missionaries, and or will they experience the friendly helpfulness native evangelists are urgently needed because of contacts with Christian homes and churches '? the great majority of the people in the Near East It is not difficult to decide which experience will cannot read or write-in Egypt only 1 in 9; in help them to spread blessing among their coun- Morocco only 1 in 50 can read. If they are evan- trymen and to promote friendliness with America gelized, it must be through the spoken Word.

and right relations with God. The greatest enemy of the Christian faith in It is impossible to estimate the extent of the the Near East is the godless materialism which is helpful influence exerted for the past twenty surging through this area and is undermining all years by the Committee on Friendly Relations religions. The only hope of stemming this tide among Foreign Students, of which Mr. Charles is to furnish a stronger force of Christian work- D. Hurrey of New York is general secretary. ers who believe and think out and live their This is one of the unselfish Christian pieces of Christian faith.

work established by the Y. M. C. A. It is con- Cooperative work is now established. The ducted under a strong interracial board and coun- Egypt Inter-mission Council, to which the various cil, with Christian student secretaries for Chinese, missions in this land belong, the United Mission- Japanese, Korean and Filipino national groups. ary Council of Syria and Palestine, the United This work is supported by free-will gifts. Last Jewish Missionary Council, the Near East Chris- year the total budget was about $33,000, which tian Medical Association, and the Near East was $2,450 more than the receipts. Such deficits Christian Council seek to unite the missionary cannot continue without seriously hindering the agencies at work in this area. Such cooperation work. Many Oriental students are suddenly is a distinct asset in the work and should prepare stranded in America and need help-as did Jo- the way for a more effective advance.

seph Hardy Neesima. Expressions of Christian Will the churches in the home lands stand by friendship will materially contribute to the pro- their missionaries in these days of great oppor- motion of Christian international relations. tunity? ROBERT P. WILDER, Cairo, Egypt.

Hundred Years After

ANew Voyage of Discovery to Santo Domingo By M. KATHARINE BENNETT, New York ]:..

Vice-President of the Board of National Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

EARLY one morning in February the steamer and vegetables, native hats and baskets, clothing dropped anchor a mile off shore from Santo and material, crude carvings, and cooked and Domingo, the city which had been "the scene cooking food, one senses the deep poverty of Santo of the glories and the misfortunes" of Christopher Domingo. Here a boy offers for sale a few citrus Columbus. Passengers waiting for the launch to fruits, his whole stock; a woman who may have take them ashore had time to realize the full flavor come miles to market has perhaps a peck of of the changes that have taken place in'the four vegetables; another offers a live chicken and hundred years since that great explorer and his should it be purchased she is at liberty to go home, sons built city walls and fortified their homes having cleared her stock; two quarts of stew or there. The ruins could be seen near the water soup simmering over charcoal, or a few hot native front, while in striking contrast, on the hillside cakes-these are sold to provide a family living.

beyond, glistened the new build- One gives thanks that no heat is ing of the Hospital Internacional, needed for houses, that the mini- the dedication of which was the mum of clothes are worn, that occasion of this visit. shoes can be dis pen sed with The history of the years is a among the poorer people. But long record of violence, of in- adequate food, shelter and clothes ternal disorders, of European na- do cost something and the pall of tions contending for the Island. poverty hangs over much of the Now the peace, the sunlight, the country, especially at this time soft tropical air and the warm when the whole world is in eco- greetings that weI com e d the nomic distress and Santo Domin- friendly invaders all seemed to be- go's sugar and other exports lie the story of the past. bring small prices.

The traveler e n t e r s the old Sightseeing invites one on all walled city through the Gate of sides-the beautiful old Cathedral San Diego, named in memory of where one sees the urn wherein the eldest son of the great dis- it is claimed rests all that remains coverer, the ruins of whose palace lie close at of Columbus; the first university founded on this hand. The new and the old mingle bewilderingly continent, ancient ruins. If one resists these even in this old section: almost facing the ruins temptations and keeps due west one enters the are modern office buildings, while beyond them are newer part of the city, where are wider and ancient houses. The narrow streets with their straighter streets and a more modern type of narrow sidewalks are typically Spanish, and busi- building, but where unpaved streets testify to the ness and homes are mingled in most casual fash- newness of the development and the inadequacy ion. Most of the buildings are of one story, for of city funds. A short distance beyond the Presi- Santo Domingo recalls the hurricanes that have dent's Palace the car stops before the new Hos- devastated her a number of times, and all through pital Internacional.

the city are woeful evidences of the disaster of Even in the mild and pleasant climate of the September, 1930, which left the city desolate. But Island there is much sickness due to improper modern ingenuity is finding ways of building to food, malnutrition, lack of sanitation and the im- resist heavy winds and the new Santo Domingo, possibility of securing medical aid. There is one quite unafraid, is going up four and five stories. physician to 8,700 people in Santo Domingo, as One must pause at the market for a moment, for against one to every 700 persons in the United amid its picturesque disorder of unfamiliar fruits States. For ten years this interdenominational [329]

A SCENE IN THE SANTO DOMINGO CITY MARKET school program after the American withdrawal, has necessitated the postponement of the educahospital has done its work in an inadequate, rent- tional program except for two or three small day ed building: it has graduated seven nurses, the schools in connection with churches. The Dominonly ones trained in the Island, and has opened ican Government is most desirous of enforcing the a new profession for Dominican young women as compUlsory school laws but has not been able to was as begun to provide better care for the s;ck. pay its teachers and many of the schools built A baby clinic is helping to reduce infant mortality during the American occupation are closed. One from a present high rate of about one-third of all of the appalling impressions a visitor carries away babies, and general clinics have been established is of the enforced idleness of men, women and in the city and out in the country, where thou- children. There is no work except for a few of sands of patients annually receive relief. With them; the tiny huts in which they live require this background of service it now has moved into little care; gardens grow so easily that they do the seventy-two-bed hospital built by the Board not demand much time; if the people can read, for Christian work in Santo Domingo through the they have few papers or books-there seems little aid of the cooperating mission boards, the Com- for them to do but sit and chat. They are inmonwealth Fund and individuals. Within are herently an amicable people, else quarrels and spacious, clean, cool wards and private rooms, fights might be the outlet for boredom. But chilclinic space, doctors' offices, laboratory, X-ray dren should be in school, industrial and agriculroom, elevator shaft, kitchens and dining rooms, tural training should be provided for the next laundry-all the arrangements and appliances of generation that it may be better prepared to utilthe most modern hospital, except, alas, that the ize the large natural resources of the country. elevator shaft still awaits an elevator, the X-ray Driving through the rural regions, one is disroom a machine and the laboratory room equip- mayed at the meagre school facilities, small, poor ment. The Board hopes that soon friends inter- buildings when there are any, and a smal1 fracested in the service will supply these needs. tion of the children in school.

Six hundred attended the service. The Hos- Under the leadership of Sr. Rivera a recreapital has made its own place in the city and sur- tional and social program is being developed in rounding country and among all classes and the Island. Boy Scouts and Girl Reserves are groups of people. A spirit of sympathy and of reverence is manifest. A new decade of service THE CINDAD NUEVA PROTESTANT CHURCH IN was begun-not only for the healing of bodies, but SANTO DOMINGO for the healing of minds and souls.

The program of the Board for Christian Work in Santo Domingo is not only medical but is evangelistic, educational and social. Limitations of funds and the uncertainty of the government's

FOUR HUNDRED YEARS AFTER COLUMBUS

churches of San Pedro de Macoris, and for Bara- hona; other places worship in inadequate rented quarters. As one sees the lack of spiritual lead- ership among the people, the utter absence of all things that would make life fuller and stronger, the hunger of their hearts, one wishes that a large group of Christian workers could be placed there simultaneously-men and women who would meet with small groups in towns and villages and in rural regions, who would go from house to house to talk with the people and tell them of that Love that passeth all understanding, of that hope that fulfils the promise of Life.

THE NEW INTERNACIONAL (MISSION) HOSPITAL IN In a country such as the Dominican Republic, SANTO DOMINGO CITY some three hundred miles in length and perhaps being trained, organized activities are replacing one hundred and fifty miles from n oarmthiltloiosnopuetoh~ idleness, and moral principles are being incul- where there is a population of about cated. Keen interest is taken in this newer type of service; educators and government officials are pIe, there are large sections sparsely settled' that not only encouraging its development but 'are participating in its extension. great hinterland, as well as the towns, mdst be On the day after the dedication of the Hospital rea~he? if Santo Domingo is to become fu1ly the tenth annual assembly of the Dominican Evangelical Church was in session in Santo Do- ChrIstIan. As one travels through this rural remingo City. It was heartening to meet the group of young Porto Rican and Dominican pastors who gion, one is continually appalled at the poverty had come from their respective fields-from Barahona, a hundred miles to the west, and from of the people, at the meagre facilities of any kind, La Romana, a hundred miles to the east, and from the north. Travel is not always easy in the Re- at the lack of churches, schools, and medical aid. public, for there are only two short railroads; three fine highways built during the American oWuitllotfhietsCehxuprecrhienocfeCahnrdisittsinricthheneUssn, itbeodthSmtaattees~ occupation lead out from the Capital, but the disaster of September, 1930, caused landslides that rial and spiritual, supply to this neighboring isblocked some of these and they have not been repaired. Other roads are bad and in wet weath- land that friendly heJp to which it so quickly re- ~r frequently not to be traveled. Seven Evangel- Ical churches have been organized; there are a sponds and which may help it to find a fuller and number of regular preaching stations and much itinerating work is done by the pastors. When richer life? Educated and kindly Dominicans one recalls the open hostility shown to the preaching of Protestant Christianity only a few years there are, but the problem they face is so great ago, it is encouraging to have Mr. Morgan say: that they welcome the cooperation offered them to help meet the economic, educational, medical so- cial, and spiritual needs of the Republic. '

The churches show promising increases in membership, b.ut the most encouraging feature is the growing recognitIon .of the young church as a positive factor in the life of the Dominican people. The Evangelicals-pastors and people–are looked upon with a growing respect and the church has become a center of real attraction for many.

The c~urch in the heart of Santo Domingo City was entIrely destroyed by the late hurricane and has not yet been rebuilt, but a second csheuctrcioh~ Cindad Nueva, has been erected in a new of the city on land donated by a development com- pany which evidently saw an asset in an Evan- gelical Church. This attractive church is crowd- ed to the doors at each service. A GROUP OF CHRISTIAN NURSES AT THE HOSPITAL INTERNACIONAL New buildings have also been secured for the

Spiritual Conquest of

By the REV. CHARLES E. PUGH, Leopoldville, Congo Beige Missionary of the Baptist Missionary Society T HE zeal, devotion and sacrifice of the pioneer claim the Gospel of Light and Life to the peoples missionaries who blazed the trail to the very walking in darkness and in the shadow of death. interior of the Dark Continent should be remembered with profound gratitude. Regions that The days of discovery were also the days of the today are traversed by railways and districts establishing of new missions. The kingdom of where motor-roads radiate out in many directions, Uganda was occupied by the Church Missionary were then toilfully crossed on foot week after Society; to the Tanganyika area went the repreweek. Beneath scorching tropical skies they sentatives of the London Missionary Society; in climbed high ranges, surmounting barriers be- Nyassaland, Scottish missionaries set up their hind which the interior of the Continent lay hid- banners at the Livingstonia and Blantyre Misden. Across the burning desert sands they made sions; the Universities Mission responded to the their way, tracing in the trackless wastes high- call from East Africa. American Presbyterians ways for God. Slowly they traveled on the great felt great concern for the peoples of the Camrivers, and their innumerable tributaries, in prim- erouns; the English Baptist Missionary Society itive dug-outs: seeing in the turbid waters "a claimed the vast area of the Congo country. Some pure river of Water of Life, clear as crystal, pro- months before Stanley emerged at the mouth of ceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb." the Congo at the end of his momentous journey Through the dense and matted jungle they forced across Equatorial Africa, a man in Leeds, Engtheir way by tedious paths, making avenues of es- land, saw visions of that river as a highway for cape for Africa's sons and daughters from the the messengers of the Gospel. Robert Arthingthick tangle of barbarism and animistic beliefs. ton, "the miser for Christ's sake," lived penuri- ously and gave over five million dollars for foreign Now steamers ply upon those very rivers and missionary work! Worthy of record is the fact streams. Railways penetrate jungles and plains. that representatives of the Baptist Society were High above the desert tracts and the equatorial actually passing up the Congo, to establish the forest fly the swift aeroplanes. Distant and once first mission stations within twelve months of the inaccessible points are now so closely linked that time that Stanley saw the Atlantic Ocean from distance is well-nigh eliminated. All this has been the Congo's mouth.

made possible by the pioneers who built highways Another secret of progress is the unshakable where none existed. Stricken ofttimes with mys- conviction of the missionary societies that their terious and insidious diseases; daring the perils activities in those regions were in full accordance incident to travel in unknown regions; undaunted with the Divine Will-assuredly gathering that by the danger of attack .from savage beasts and the Lord had "called us for to preach the Gospel from still more savage peoples, they pressed for- unto them." The price paid in precious lives was ward, saying: "With God all things are pos- great. The Church once again broke her alabas- sible." They laid down their lives in order thai ter box of ointment, very precious, and out-poured ways into Africa's very heart should be opened it for her Lord. The Fainthearts in the Church, for those who should follow. That is the first as they looked upon the sacrifice, asked again: secret of progress. The harvest of mighty faith "To what purpose is this waste?" But mission and strenuous service is being reaped today. boards refused to be discouraged. Though, at At the time of the great geographical discov- centre after centre where mission work had been eries in Central Africa associated with the names commenced, there were long periods of seemingly of Livingstone, Stanley and others, there was a fruitless toil, none seriously thought of the aban- singular readiness on the part of the Church of donment of the great enterprise. The Church Christ in Europe and America to enter the newly realized that only by the out-working of the Di- opened regions. The penetration of Africa was vine Law of Sacrifice could the Divine Will be interpreted by the Church as a summons to pro- done. Yet once again was the voice of the Master [332] heard saying: "Except a corn of wheat fall into Down the Congo River for hundreds of miles the ground and die, it abideth alone; but if it die she was taken to a mission station where she was it bringeth forth much fruit." made most welcome. In the school she learned to The initial periods of trial were followed almost know of the love of God in Christ and in after invariably, in country after country, by such years became a member of His Church. But she had always this secret grief-none could tell the tribe to which she belonged or who her people were. Daily she prayed that God would guide her to them. Then at last when a woman, the mission- aries who were specially her friends were sent to work at a new station eight hundred miles distant.

The young woman went with them with the hope in her heart that in this way her prayer might be answered. Somewhere about seven hundred and fifty miles from the place where she had first be- gun to offer that prayer, she found the tribe from which she had so long been separated. As the mission steamer, on which that journey up the Congo River was being made, came to her moor- ings one evening, the long-lost one suddenly saw SOME OF THE PUPILS OF A MISSION BUSH SCHOOL that the people, massed to watch the marvel of blessing as made the difficulties and opposition the white men's boat, had the same pattern of and persecution seem small in comparison. Abun- cicatrized tribal marks on their faces as she herdant evidence was soon forthcoming that long be- self possessed. Instantly she made her way ashore. fore men had begun to think of certain centres as A word or two of the long forgotten language she suitable for mission stations, those places had had spoken as a child came stammeringly to her been in God's plan and workers had been prepared lips. The astonishment of the villagers at this for them from the midst of wild, primitive and sudden appearance of a stranger who so obviously pagan peoples. belonged to their tribe presently gave way to joy as first one and then another, recognized in her A single instance will illustrate this. About the little one who had been carried away by the half-way across the Equatorial Africa there slave raiders so many years before. By drum- signal the news was conveyed to her father who stands a mission station with a church member- lived at a not far-distant village. Her mother ship today of over 4,000. Twenty years before any mission board so much as thought of com- mencing work in that region, before any white man had ever seen that place, a little chocolate- colored baby girl was born some forty miles west of it in a riverside village. God chose her to be the first native messenger of the Gospel to the people of her tribe. When she was about ten years of age Arab slave-raiders swooped down upon her village. Many of the villagers fled for safety to the nearby forest; others were killed in the fight; and many were captured. Among the captives was the little girl who had become sep- arated from her parents. Presently the long pro- cession of chained prisoners started on its long, long journey to the slave market on the East Coast. But God willed it otherwise. When scores of weary miles had been traversed, the raiders and their captives were suddenly confronted by pioneering Europeans. The prisoners were lib- erated, and swiftly vanished in the forest. One THE STEEPLE SHAPED HUTS OF TIlE BAMANGA captive remained-the little girl who was too had died in the interval. On the day following small to trust herself to the dangers of the un- father and daughter were re-united. Together known forest. The pioneers did not know what they traveled the remaining miles to the new mis- to do with the child. Then they decided to take sion station in the midst of the great tribe of her and leave her at a mission station. which she was a member. Hers were the first lips

to tell the Gospel story in that district. Through at all costs be averted. But of the good-will of all those years the guiding hand of God had been the greatest Spirit they have no thought.

upon her and she, like Queen Esther, "had come The missionary's task is to show that the Su- to the kingdom for such a time as this." preme Being-the unknown and unknowable God Another secret of progress is in the method -is the holy, loving Father-God who is deeply of presenting the Gospel message to the African. concerned that men of every tribe and tongue Livingstone used to say that all his travels and should know and love Him and be holy also. Above experience of native peoples in Central Africa had all He has given to men in His Son the perfect led him to the conclusion that there was no tribe example of holiness. This Son is to be the eman- without at least some knowledge of a God. Tribe cipator from the fear of evil spirits' power; the after tribe is found to have names for One who is only Saviour from sin, and the bestower of life over all. The names given to that One have a eternal.

The most powerful commendation of the Gos- pel to the African mind is the presentation of Him who himself said "He that hath seen me hath seen the Father." An increasingly wise evangel- ism is the secret of the astonishing growth of the Christian Church in Africa in recent years.

Another cause of progress has been that mis- sionaries have striven to build a Church that should be stable and pure. In almost every mis- sion the greatest care is exercised as touching those who are received into fellowship. Mission- aries and the members of the Church are much concerned with discipline. Africa is a land where privacy is unknown. The deeds of any member of the community are known to all. For that reason church discipline may be much more searching than it can be in lands where people live to them- selves. Yet in this constant effort after purity in the Church there is a danger. One of the most experienced missionaries has written: "One of the tasks of the missionary is to guide discipline in such a way that it makes for edification and not for destruction."

Other secrets of progress are the well-known forms in which missionary activity has expressed itself in every part of the African mission field.

By far the greater part of the work of educating the African is done by missions. The thousands YETOWA, A MEMBER OF THE ESOO TRIBE OF THE of bush schools that have come into existence, wherever missions have been established, have CONGO proved to be a wide door through which hosts have passed into the Kingdom. True, the pupils Note the cicatrized tribal marks of these forest dwellers who who receive instruction can only learn that which live near the junction of the Lomami and Congo Rivers. This man was photographed when first connected with the mission. He is new a leading Christian Evangelist.

variety of meaning, but there is a oneness of con- is incident to elementary education, but there they ception behind them all: supremacy. The tragedy are grounded in the great verities of the Gospel. of it is that between men and this far-away One, Such schools have been greatly used of God. A there roll thick clouds of superstition, ignorance. great proportion of those found in the more ad- and fear. He is "the Unknown God," and still vanced institutions received their first mental en- more tragically, the "Unknowable God." Africans lightenment from the village teacher-evangelist in believe that he may have been the Creator, but the bush schools. There are about nineteen thou- they long ago ceased to be ~he objects of His sand such centres of light in Africa, and more thought and care. He may have made all things than a million scholars gather at those centers that the eye can see, but He is no longer con- daily.

cerned about them. All men and all things are The production of Christian literature has also subject to the malign influence of a multitude of ministered in no small degree to the evangeliza- evil sDirits. Their ill-will is well known and must tion of Africa. Fifty years ago, when the vast

THE SPIRITUAL CONQUEST OF AFRICA

areas of the Continent were beginning to be ex- in Africa. The relief of pain, the preservation of plored, it became apparent how great was the com- life and the great fight against tropical diseasesplexity of the language problem. Fuller knowl- all have exercised their special ministry. But edge of the peoples inhabiting those areas re- probably the greatest value of the medical mission vealed a confusion that was Babel-like in char- is that its work helps so largely to free the native mind from the power of magic, and so points to A TYPICAL MISSION BUSH SCHOOL Him who is the Omnipotent One. The new knowl- There are over 1.900 such schools in Africa where more than edge of the body and its functions which the misa million Africans receive their first instructions in the Christian sionary doctor has brought; the introduction of way of life. new medicines; the demonstrable value of injec- tions; the new teaching as to the origin and disacter. But order has been produced out of chaos. semination of disease; the altogether astonishing Babel has been reversed. Over two hundred and skill of the surgeon-all these and kindred matfifty of the African tongues have been reduced ters tend to free the mind of the African from to writing, and at least the beginnings of a litera- the fetters of superstition. But the medical misture made in those varying forms of speech. At sionary takes his patients, and many others, furleast some portions of the Word of God are found ther-much further. Their confidence won, they in that number of languages, the earnest of a are ready to follow him along the pathway upon more complete literature that will presently be which they will presently meet Him who is the found in the hands of the once bookless tribes. Great Emancipator from every form of fear to In more than one district Christians are known which they have been in bondage. as "people of the Book." Very noteworthy is the phrase by which some of the Congo tribes distin- The value of training native Christian hospital guish between Catholicism and Protestantism: assistants is of the utmost importance. Herein, "The God of the Catholics," they say, "has no indeed, lies the great hope for a healthier Africa. book!" Such trained natives will not only be of service in the hospitals and dispensaries established in mis- Most of the missions, to the great advantage of sion stations, but they take charge of branch disthose among whom they work, as also to the pensaries at points remote from the centers of Church of Christ, have concerned themselves with missionary work. There they minister to people industrial development. The training of the eye who would otherwise go unhelped. In addition to and the hand has been deemed the complementary relieving pain, showing the way to health and part of the development of the mind and the en- combating diseases, they lead their own tribeslightenment of the soul. Missions have developed folk in their own way to the Physician of souls. old industries and created new ones. The prin- Such workers are the earnest of the African mediciple of the dignity of labor has been inculcated, cal men and women presently to be. and the value for character of proficiency has been emphasized. Missionaries have taught the most ONE RESULT-A CHRISTIAN MOTHER AND HER BOYS backward of Africa's sons to be efficient brick and tile makers, builders, stone-masons, carpenters, The evangelization of Africa can only be acengineers, engine-drivers, telegraphists, weavers, complished by the African working under the inand to follow many other trades. More and more fluence of the Spirit of God. Those m:ssions have attention is being given to training boys and girls achieved the largest measure of success which in tropical agriculture-than which there can be have taught their adherents the necessity for pernothing of greater value to those who are so essentially rural peoples.

It is impossible to exaggerate the importance of medical work to advance the Kingdom of Christ

sonal evangelism. To the results following the men and women the crowded market-places are efforts of the duly appointed teachers and evan- spheres where, as they mingle with their fellows, gelists must be added those attending the service they may reason with them of righteousness, temof the unofficial evangelists. The Christian river- perance and judgment to come. dweller has unique opportunities for proclaiming the Gospel, in village after village, on his long Whilst statistics regarding the progress of misfishing expeditions.. These journeys often last for sions are impressive, there is that which cannot several weeks. The Christian forest-dweller can be calculated-the influence of the loyal disciple. wield a wondrous influence as he travels far and In this way the Holy Fire leaps from heart to wide with his fellow hunters. The Christian heart, from tribe to tribe. In this, above all other woman sows the good seed of the Kingdom, as ways, all over the Continent, God is choosing the she trudges with her companions to and from the weak things to confound the mighty. He is makplantations in the bush or on the hill-side. For ing the African mighty through Himself to the pulling down of the strongholds of darkness.

The Missionary Message of the Cross The word "cross" in the Scriptures never occurs in the plural. To Christ the cross meant one thing, and nothing less: His sacrifice of Himself to save others. That is what it must mean to every disciple-self-abregation. To take up the cross and bear it after Christ is to undertake, like the Master, a life of self-crucifixion for the saving of others. It is to lose the self-life for His sake. It is to be willing to die, if need be, that others may live. When our Lord hung upon the cross His enemies tauntingly said: "He saved others: Himself He cannot save." No sneer ever hid a truth so sublime. In the Christian life, saving self and saving others .are utterly incompatible; and the one great difficulty with the whole body of professed disciples is that most of them are trying to save themselves, and yet be saved. And so it comes to pass that whole thousands go to church, come to the Lord's Table, utter prayers and bear the name of Christ, they live a life essentially worldly, and are engaged in no truly soul- saving work. They spend many times as much on self indulgence as they give to feed the hungry, clothe the naked, or even give the Living Bread to dying souls.

Consider what would be the result if every professed child of God could burn with Paul's passion for souls, could know the continual heart burden for the unsaved, that made it possible for him even to wish himself accursed that they might be saved.

That was cross-bearing. The Apostle Paul died daily; he was "crucified with Christ," he bore branded in his body the very marks of the Lord Jesus. Could ten thousand of the mil- lions of professed believers burn with such a Christ-like passion for souls, for one year, the Gospel would be carried round the globe within that year. Arguments and appeals are vain while you argue and appeal to the spiritual dead. Before the Church can "convert the world," the members of the Church must be converted. The real difficulty is not in unsanctified purses or unsanctified cradles, it is deeper-in sanctified hearts. "By their fruits ye shall know them." If you bear no witness for Christ, have you anything to witness?

A light that does not shine, a spring that does not flow, a germ that does not grow, is not more a contradiction than a life in Christ which does not bear witness to Christ. If there be a spring within, there will flow a stream without. If there be no stream, is there any spring? If there is no ray, is there any light? If there is no witness, is there any exper- ience? "He that believeth on me," as the Scripture hath said, "out of his innermost being shall flow rivers of living water." He who has no passion to convert, needs conversion. The saved man is not content to have unsaved men go unwarned, or the saving power of God to go unwitnessed.

It may well be doubted whether one who bears no part in testimony to Christ has any p.art in His salvation. Would that everyone might feel the full force of this paradox of mis- sions: "Christ alone can save this world, But Christ cannot save this world alone." ARTHUR T. PIERSON.

Missionary's

. :{ I By PAUL W. HARRISON, M. D., Muscat, Arabia Missionary of the Reformed Church in America b=================================~ D ISCUSSION of foreign missions is a con- missionary would expect or wish them to think fused chorus. One critic frequently an- otherwise. nihilates an 0 the r. Criticism, however, But, second, there are critics who have in their may be significant even when it is full of incon- souls an unfaded vision of their Master and sistencies, and not very accurately directed. It Saviour. From them we hear another type 'of usually tells quite as much about the critic as criticism which springs from the fact that God about the one criticized. Criticism of missiona- is not in a hurry, whereas we always are. Those ries is no exception. It is significant and can be of us who work in Mohammedan countries, such studied with profit. It di- as Arabia, hear a good deal of vides itself naturally into four this sort of thing. "Forty types. Why are foreign missions years' work and only a half First, there is the general unpopular? The critics are dozen Christians to show for distrust of the whole mission- numerous and vociferous. it" does seem a little slow and ary enterprise, and sharp criti- They object to the purpose, surely does call into question cism of its methods and re- the plan, the expense, the re- our methods and the quality of sults, which is due to a faded s u Its, the personnel. Dr. workers whom we send out.

vision of Jesus Christ in the Harrison has widely traveled But it does not call into ques- heart of the critic. The Church among church m e m b e r s, tion the validity or necessity of contains many men and women American students, and globe the enterprise. A good deal of to whom Christ means very lit- trotters. He discusses here the current criticism of mis- tle. The world outside con- concretely some of the pre- sionary results in India and tains still more. Some of vailing criticisms and their China is fundamentally the these men and women can re- basis. He also candidly exam- same sort. Look at the pain- member a time when Christ ines failures in the mission- fully dependent and w e a k was to them an absolute Mas- ary enterprise and the reme- Christian group in India! And ter and a much loved Saviour. dies. The discussion is clari- look at the present lack of They believed in missions then. fying to thoug,ht and illumi- competent and honest leader- They do not now. nating to vision. ship in China! See the almost There is nothing new in this heathen manifestations in the situation. From the days of Church in Africa! We demand the Apostle Paul till now, unshakeable confidence that feeble infant churches everywhere at one step in the validity of the Christian message and a come into the whole heritage which has been built burning desire to carry it to others have depended up for us by centuries of slow and painful prog· on the vision of Christ which is in the heart of ress. In our cities we construct buildings a hun· the messenger. We have never been able to set dred and two stories high in a few months, but up an exhibit which is convincing to men who the great redwoods in California were not pro- lack that vision. H. L. Mencken and John Dewey duced that way, and neither is the Church of have the same body of external evidence as has Jesus Christ.

the most earnest evangelist in New York. It does Criticisms of a third group are due to unrea- not convince them, and there is no exhibit on the sonable and unwarranted expectations, to a falla- foreign field that will convince them either. We cious notion of what the Christian group is, both always will have with us those who can see no at home and abroad. Many critics of foreign mis- difference between men within and men outside sions would find their thought clarified immensely the Church, and who doubt whether Christ has by recognizing'the fact that in America the Chris- any significance for men anywhere. To such men tian group constitutes a small minority set in the the missionary enterprise is pure foolishness. No midst of an un-Christian nation. That is not a [337]

matter of opinion. It is a matter of observation, form of government. The merits of that form a common, everyday fact. They would not be are past question, but its successful operation reguilty then of the statement recently published in quires a large number of strong, honest men. A a criticism of foreign missions, to the effect that dictatorship can function successfully with a unless we purify the impact of the West upon the tenth as many. Out in Arabia, Mohammed East, our whole foreign missionary enterprise is Effendi, under the dictatorship of Ibn Saoud, futile and indeed almost hypocritical. The im- spread his rugged honesty over the whole provpact of the West will be purified when the West ince of Hassa. One honest man was sufficient for is purified. The West will never be any purer a third of the peninsula. But the world does not abroad than it is in reality here at home, and that want dictatorships. It wants representative govreality is going to be very impure for a long time ernments and everything depends on producing to come. By its example and its testimony, im- honest men to carry the burden. perfect as they have been, the Christian group has accomplished great things. The nation has Now the missionary goes out to bring Christ left religious persecution behind; it has left sla- to the men and women abroad, to be the means in very behind; we are trying to shake off the alco- God's hands for creating a group of genuine discihol now; war is, we hope, in process of abolition. ples. But from the standpoint of the sociologist, The example of the group has been and is a sav- the by-products are of importance, too. Experiing influence, but we have to be satisfied with dis- ence shows that the lessons of honesty will be couragingly slow progress in the education of the learned by many who do not become complete dispagan society around us. ciples. In north India there are scores who bear the mark of Dr. James C. R. Ewing and Tyndall- The aim of the missionary is to create a group Biscoe. They are not Christians, but they are of Christ's true disciples in India and China and honest, and heavy burdens will be carried by them Arabia and all the other dark places. To that in the days ahead. The man who in his impaend we carry the Gospel to them. Doubtless, in tience clamors for immediate results and advises spite of our best intentions, a certain amount of that we abandon this enterprise of carrying Westernism still clings to us, but the missionaries Christ to foreign peoples, and instead spend ourdo succeed in carrying Christ and He draws men selves in giving them the material things they to Himself. His disciples in these other lands need, is as wrong as he can be. What these peowill have little difficulty in getting rid of the ex- ples need is a truly Christian group in their midst. traneous westernism that we have unintention- That is all that they need. Their natural endowally carried to these mission fields. A better ment is not defective; it is superb. view of our goal will save us from supposing that, because of incomplete results in the past, it is Institutionalized Missions time now to drop the Christian message and give to the people in China, for instance, the executive There is a fourth type of criticism of missionleadership that they need along engineering and ary work. It starts out by bringing to the misgovernmental lines. What China needs today is sionary enterprise an undivided loyalty to Christ not men of executive and engineering ability. She and a resolute devotion to His program of evanhas two hundred million of them already. More- gelizing all peoples. Such critics believe in the over education is not China's pressing need. missionary enterprise of the past, and they be- Thousands of her students have studied in Ameri- lieve still more in the missionary enterprise of the can universities, and tens of thousands in schools present. Most of all they believe in the missionat home. What China needs, as this same criti- ary enterprise of the future. They are concerned cism states in another paragraph, is men who to carry out Christ's command in the most effechave character. They have to stand up under tive way. They want to know God's will as to staggering temptations. Only character can missionary methods and policies. make possible real achievement. Criticisms of this type center about two prob- We gain nothing by stating our needs in ob- lems each produced by the missionary's success. scure words when plain words will do. What The first of these we may term the problem of de- America needs and what China needs is simply institutionalizing foreign missions. Work in new men who are honest. It requires no extraordi- and untouched areas has been associated with a nary ability to be a good public official, but it large amount of institutional work. This was indoes require an unbreakable type of rugged evitable and right and the service rendered by strength and honesty, which is about the rarest missionary schools and hospitals has been a very virtue on earth. China has made matters more beautiful thing. Men who would repudiate it difficult for herself by introducing the Republican simply have never seen it and do not understand it. But such work is essentially temporary. We do not send medical missionaries to Japan because if the mission field has anywhere else such deli- they have good doctors of their own now. In the cate and baffling problems as those in this field.

same way the educational work of the missionary Certainly there are none to which more earnest societies will eventually be turned over to the gov- prayer and careful study are being given.

ernments and the native churches of these differ- Finally it may not be out of place to say a ent countries. The process of de-institutionaliz- word regarding my own group, the Reformed ing our missionary work is made difficult by the Church in America, whose missionary policy shows wisdom and contains, I think, a valuable fact that our schools are felt to be dangerous de- suggestion for the whole enterprise. The Renationalizing agencies and therefore a great deal formed Church has had a very keen interest in of pressure is put on the missionaries to surren- its missionary work for many decades. It would der them to native control as quickly as possible, not be too much to say that her foreign missionand sometimes more quickly than is possible.

The present situation is made worse by the rise ary program has been her first interest. Into in these recent days of a powerful group of mis- that work she has sent a group of missionaries sionary leaders who are anxious to lead us in picked from her very best men. She is sending what I believe to be exactly the wrong direction, such missionaries now-Dr. Scudder in India, namely, into a greater and greater institutionaliz- Pieters in Japan, Eckerson in China; a group of ing of the missionary enterprise. They see a vision greater distinction could not be gathered from the of educational institutions, and rural reconstruc- whole roster of leaders at home. The first item tion units, and other rehabilitation schemes for the in the missionary policy of the Reformed Church underprivileged, such as it would tax the resources has been the sending out into her foreign work of the U. S. Government itself to carry out. The the very best men and women she has.

fundamental error here is a failure to distinguish The second item, and there are only two, is a carefully between what the foreign missionary can confidence which nothing has ever shaken, that profitably, or even legitimately, attempt and what the enterprise can be entrusted safely to those he must leave to the native Church which he has men. We have never wasted much time over the established. The native Church and the native criticisms which are so disturbing in some cir- governments will unquestionably be very slow and cles, mostly because far abler critics than any much time will be lost, but nevertheless there is who sit in editorial chairs come back every six a long list of things which it is the business of years to tell us where the work has succeeded and the missionary to let alone. where it has failed. They tell us what to pray The other problem around which cluster many for, and where additional support is needed. They constructive criticisms of present-day missions is tell us what work should be dropped. With such that of turning over our developed work to the men in the field, and the whole Church praying native Church and the relation of the foreign mis- and sacrificing at home, the power of God has been sionary to that Church. There are fields where put into the work, and nowhere has any combinathis problem has made no trouble. South Amer- tion of obstacles ever arisen sufficient to stop the ica is an example. Nothing is easier than to treat progress of the Kingdom of God on the foreign as independent a native Church which in point of field. The wisdom of God has been put into it too, fact is independent. No one on earth is quite so and nowhere have situations arisen so delicate and anxious to do that as the missionaries and their so difficult that the way ahead has not appeared.

boards. Conditions are different in India. There Every medical society listens with interest to the Christians have been drawn almost entirely such criticisms of the medical profession as may from the outcaste group, and the native Church be presented by intelligent people. Outside criti- is dependent-dependent for spiritual leadership, cism is helpful in that it defines sharply problems dependent for business judgment, dependent for that call for solution, and in that it gives useful initiative, dependent for outfiowing restless information as to the public mind and temper, but energy, and largely dependent for funds. Now every answer has to be found by the doctors. The there is such a thing as treating such a dependent missionary enterprise is no different; or if there Church as independent, and thereby making her be a difference it would be this, that missionaries independent, but there is also the possibility of are more conscious than physicians and surgeons, breaking such a Church down by giving her im- that they are God's instruments and that all their possible burdens. Out in China some real leader- efforts are simply "acted prayers." What we ship has been given by the China Inland Mission. want is not the thing that is merely expedient Their institutional work and organized churches or even wise. We want to discover what is pleas- belong to the Chinese Church. Unreached areas ing to God and then with courage and singleness are the field of the foreign missionaries. I doubt of heart we want to carry out His will.

Africa"s Question to the World*

..:( By H. W. PEETt Beckenhamt England ):..

A Review of "The Bantu are Coming" by E. Ray Phillips How would you have us? As we are, doomsday before finding any religious or ethical warrant Or sinking 'neath the load we bear; for it. Our eyes fixed forward on a star, Or gazing empty at despair? Rather the reverse of this fearsome attitude is true, Rising or faIling, men or things, that grave danger to our South African white civilization With dragging pace or footsteps fleet; lies in keeping the natives from progressing; in restrict- Strong, willing sinews in your wings, ing his opportunities for advancement. The statement Or tightening chains about your feet? that "you can't keep a man down in a ditch except by getting down there with him and holding him there" is T HESE lines by the American Negro poet, sound economics in everyday terms. J ames Weldon Johnson, pointedly put the question which Africa, and especially South Mr. Phillips has some tragic things to tell of Africa, is asking the world today. the conditions under which natives live in the Witwatersrand area, where two-thirds of them One answer is that of modern industry. There are in the gold mines. is also the answer of the Christian Church. These replies differ, as is most effectively brought out by More than 300,000 detribalized natives are living perthe Rev. E. Ray Phillips in his extremely interest- manently in towns today. These constitute a permanent ing book, "The Bantu are Coming." But should urban population. The average monthly wage for the there be the two voices? It is the problem of "heads of families in our Johannesburg native locations Christ and the social order again-another re- or villages is .£4.2s.6d. Deduct the following amounts: minder that the problem is world-wide. .£1.58. for rent; for transportation, lOs.; medical, church, and school fees, 7s.6d.; fuel, lighting and taxes, lOs.; and Not long ago, J. D. Rheinallt Jones, Adviser to you have a mere 30s. left for food, clothing, shows, recrethe new South African Institute of Race Rela- ation, furniture, etc., for a whole family, and for a tions, said: "The difficulty in South Africa to- month! And these native families have to pay exactly day is that, whereas some years ago the white the same for their food, etc., as the whites. man tried to force the natives to come out and work for him, now the Bantu is working too hard It's impossible, you say. Right! It is impossible. The and the white man is afraid the black man is go- mother is forced to wash daily to eke out the family ining to take his job." come of .£6.10s. to .£7.10s. which is a minimum necessity. Or, the mother may find it easier to become a brewer, and A South African educator told me that his in- make liquid poison in the form of Shokiana, Shimiyana, dustrial school was visited by a very prominent "Kill-me-quick," Qed'iviki, "Finish the work"-deadly South African leader who watched one of the boys concoctions that are readily disposed of to young single making a rough kind of shoe worn by farmers. men who visit the locations and slum yards, or who reside His remark to the instructor was: "That's all with these families as lodgers. Low wages are responsible right, but see that he doesn't go on to learn how for a large part of our illicit liquor traffic and vice in city to make anything better." This is the spirit of and town. fear which has given rise to the Color Bar Acts. It is the tendency in South Africa to exact labor ac- I suppose an overwhelming majority of white people in cording to European standards, but pay wages on an Af- South Africa fear that the encouragement of the native rican standard. Natives are paid only one-third to oneto advance means literally "taking the bread out of the sixth of the wages that are paid whites for the same class white man's mouth," says Mr. Phillips. "Give our chil- of work. Referring to this difference between white and dren a chance," they say. "The natives are going to get black wages, the Chairman of the Wage Board has stated: our jobs." . . . Dynamite should be provided from "In no other country in the world is there such a big gap." somewhere to blow this attitude to atoms, definitely and finally. As a "fear" it is in the same category as that The average wage for the 2,000,000 mine workof the natives who think that walking-sticks will grab you ers is about £40 a year each. Another million if you don't watch out! . . . It is cheap economic clap working for Europeans have only about £8 a year trap. And, of course, the Christian man may search until per person per annum. No wonder there is un- rest. "Each center of population is, in cold fact, • See "The Bantu Are Coming." by Rev. E. Ray Phj]i~s, Student a university where the black man and woman are Christian Press, London. receiving a liberal education in the Arts-all of them, good and bad-of civilized life. These Afri- cans right from the primeval grass huts are being lock-stepped into civilization as the arm i e s marched to Flanders fields."

[340 ] Mr. Phillips, who is an American missionary, is outstanding leaders of the race, I can frankly say a practical man. He has been in business, but he I have never run across the faintest desire on has given up good financial prospects to join with their part to inter-marry with the whites. The a group of other workers to show the Bantu that idea is simply not interesting to them. Wages? all white men do not just look upon him as mere Yes. Land? Yes. Housing ? Yes. The Pass industrial "cannon fodder." A small but increas- Laws? Yes. But inter-marriage? No. It is not ingly influential body of white men actuated by a live issue and it is only the whites who are seri- Christian motive realize this. Among them are ously bothered about it." several Anglican bishops and missionaries, as well as professional men. The Dutch Reformed As Dr. Robert Russa Moton, the leading Ameri- Church itself is stirring, and the younger genera- can Negro, said, "I want to be your brother in tion is facing the facts courageously. Christ, not your brother in law."

White South Africa won't have black Scouts or And the conclusion of the whole matter? Let Guides. But analogous native organizations, me quote at some length from Mr. Phillips' chap- "Pathfinders" and "Wayfarers," are coming into ter "Looking Ahead." existence for the children. Welfare work, adult education and other schemes are being put into I believe we shall find that our Gospel can get us over operation. The wonderful example of what has the color line in South Africa. And it is the only thing been done in America through the Inter-Racial that can. It is difficult to be consistently considerate and Council Movement has been followed up, and the brotherly to the blacks. There is so much about them that work of European and native joint councils is be- is wearing to one's moral fibre. The only way it can be ing centered in the South African Institute of done is by "looking at God over their shoulders." Christ Race Relations. saw the divine hovering over every human being. He saw the possibilities in man for infinite transformation. These may be palliatives to a certain extent, but they show that a new spirit is at work. Mr. That is the attitude! With that attitude toward the race Phillips himself has been especially to the fore in problem there is hope. African whites with that sort of making the cinema an instrument of betterment, grip on the situation would speedily transform the hymn and not, as is so often the case, of further de- of hate into a Te Deum; make a joyous picnic out of an moralization. agitator's meeting. Africa needs specialists in all the arts of Christian living. General Smuts truly stated at Decent recreation in the native compounds Oxford that "more and more the scientific and medical around the great cities is a crying need, and he aspects of mission work are coming to the fore. and his helpers have done much to provide this. He could tell many a story of how Si Dakwa (i. e. Africa needs consecrated, highly specialized men for the little drunken man, otherwise Charlie Chap- evangelism. Africa needs highly trained leaders in edulin) and Buster Keaton have brought light and cation who will train native teachers to make the isolated laughter into dark places. school-house hum with a continuous round of activities for young and old. As a community centre the native This is only the barest sketch of some of the school should supplement church activities for young and things that are being done, and you must read Mr. old. As a community centre the native school should sup- Phillip's own story to get the broad outlines of plement church activities by providing for cooperative sothe picture. cieties, mothers' meetings, child welfare, agricultural shows, etc., etc.; the youth should be mobilized for athlet- Time and again, in Africa as well as in Ameri- ics and music, tree-planting and gardening competitions, ca, you are met with the question, "But if the reading, Scouts and guides, Sunday schools and Bible native advances it will mean racial mixture. How classes, and extension into the backward districts with would you like your daughter to marry a black night schools, dramatics, home-work exhibits, community man?" To which Mr. Phillips replies: "During singing, and folk-dances. These and a host of similar years of association with South African native activities should convince the devil of the utter futility of people, and close friendship with many of the his trying to find any idle hands to keep busy.

And, of course, Africa will need medical men and hos- pitals for generations. Africa needs Christian social en- gineers, recreation directors, agricultural experts-but why go on? She needs everything that Christian com- munities of white folk have discovered that ministers to the development of fine men and women, high-souled, keen- minded, physically fit.

Christ's chief interest has always seemed to me to be not in getting men to understand Him, but to follow Him. He certainly taught us to judge the value of a man first of all by what he does. Moreover, to be able to reduce the sometimes absolutely impossible barrier of intellectual acceptance of dogma to a mere matter of the will to do, as a prelude to understanding the real message of Christ, opens for thousands opportunities for carrying their share of the world's load.

Sir WILFRED GRENFELL.

Rural Situation in Canada*

..:( By the REV. J. R. WATTS, Kingston, Ontario Professor in Queen's Theological College W HOEVER ventures to speak on the rural The period of rapid urban growth had a much church situation in Canada must confess later beginning in Canada than in the United himself at the outset an impressionist. States, and has never gone the same length. In The conclusions are based, not on exact study, but 1901 there were only two cities, Montreal and on opinions, the value of which is limited by the Toronto, with a population greater than 200,000.

range of his experience and his capacity for ob- In 1921 these municipalities showed a population servation. The fact is that up exceeding 500,000, and only to the present the rural situa- four others, Vinnipeg, Van- tion has not been to any extent Are you provincial in your couver, Hamilton and Ottawa, the subject of serious investi- outlook in spite of education, exceeded 100,000 (1921 Cen- gation or study. Some good reading and t r a vel? How sus, page 234, Vol. 1). In 1901, work has been done, but not much do you know of the 21.99% of the population dwelt enough to make it possible to rural situation in Canada? in cities, 10.38% in towns and speak with acknowledged au- T.hose neighboring provinces 5.3 % in villages, or an urban thority. For myself, I know cover an immense territory. population of 37.67%. In 1921 only the seven Eastern Confer- The situation differs vastly the proportions were, city ences, and such data as I offer from that south of the inter- dwellers 34.05%, town dwellers is drawn from a study of con- national border. What is the 10.89%, villagers 4.58%, or an ditions in this area. relation of the Canadian rural urban population of 49.52%.

To many this statement may problem to church union? It Another factor of prime im- seem to indicate criminal neg- is worthwhile to read Profes- portance in the rural church ligence, but it scarcely deserves sor Watts' paper on the sub- problem in Canada was the so severe an indictment. The ject and to learn some of the C h u r c h Union Movement.

problem in Canada has its own results of church union and Church union was born in the background, and against this the conditions that exist in West where an immense area it must be seen to be intelli- some of the Canadian prov- and a scattered and polyglot gible. inces. The paper made a deep population set the church a task One factor that must not be impression at Toronto. of great difficulty. It was many- lost sight of is the fact that motived, but always a major while our problems, north and urge was concern for the south of the international boundary, are similar rural and pioneer church. It became a prac- in many ways they do not emerge at the same tical problem in 1903, and from that date till time. A problem may have reached the acute it was consummated in 1925 it claimed the centre stage south of the border before it is anything of interest for the communions concerned. It more than emergent on this side. For illustra- was patent to casual observation, without exact tion, let me refer to two factors in the rural situ- analysis of the rural problem, that union, if it ation-the trek to the West and the drift to the could be achieved, would make an immense con- cities. Western migration of native born popu- tribution to the prosperity of the country church.

lation in Canada was only beginning in the nine- On this ground alone, to those of us who shared ties and did not reach its peak till much later. in it, it has already abundantly vindicated itself Foreign influx began to be felt about the begin- in results to which some later reference will be ning of the present century, and suffered arrest made.

only with the outbreak of the World War and It is not here or anywhere claimed that church the changed attitude thus engendered. union offers a complete solution of the problem * An address given at the Home Mis3ion Council Meeting in Toronto. that confronts the rural church. At most it can [342] only make a contribution, however significant, had between eleven and twenty-four, and twenty- for the obvious reason that the situation is com- one between twenty-five and forty-nine. Sixty- plex and must be approached from various sides, six out of seventy-nine had less than forty-nine economic, social and political, as well as ecclesi- members. For the whole country the average was astical. Rural Church Handicaps thirty-five. In an Ontario county, fifty miles from Toronto, the average per preaching place was As I see it, our rural churches are handicapped seventy. For the church in Ontario and the East in three directions which may be characterized the average membership per rural preaching place as ecclesiastical, economic and spiritual. is sixty. In the Toronto Conference it is as low First, there is the ecclesiastical handicap. We have too many congregations-far too many for as forty-two. effective working. Overchurching has two causes. First, parish boundaries are an inheri- Overchurching has several inevitable consetance from a day when distance was measured quences. In order to provide a congregation that in terms of unimproved roads and the speed of can approach self-support, the minister of necesfarm horses. The area over which one minister sity must cover a wide area and preach in too could exercise oversight was in this way sharply many places. In the area including Ontario and delimited. People came to associate church going the East, the average number of rural preaching with certain distances, and an inborn conserva- places per charge is 3.05. In the Maritime Contism tends to maintain time honored usages, ference the average is 3.65, and the best, London though the situation has been greatly altered by Conference in Ontario, is 2.34. In one Nova declining population and easier travel. Scotia Presbytery two ministers were serving eight preaching places, five had six, three had five, The second cause of overchurching is denomi- one had four, two had three and one had two. In nationalism. In Canada we have most of the an Ontario Presbytery six rural ministers had two fifty-seven varieties. Previous to the Presbyte- preaching places, five had three, one had four, rian Union of 1875 every Scotch theological quar- and one had five. Where the number of preachrel had an echo on this side of the Atlantic. All ing places exceeds three, a weekly service is imva.rieties of Methodism flourished lustily prior to possible and, in consequence, bi-monthly or 1884. These unions helped to mitigate, but did monthly services are all that is possible. not eradicate, the evil of overchurching. Then a greater forward step was taken in 1925, which With a congregation fractured into so many has been fruitful in results for the participating groups, with small membership and attendance, units. The harvest did not await the final steps, the meeting places are poorly equipped for anybut antedated it. When it was seen that union thing but hearing a sermon. Many of them are was inevitable, two or three types of cooperation an inheritance from the day when preaching was were adopted. In January, 1923, 1,245 charges, the major, and sometimes the only function of representing at least 3,000 preaching places, had the church. Even when it is locally recognized united to avoid overlapping. In Northern On- that a modern church has other functions these tario alone the saving thus achieved was upwards are neglected because it would involve equipment of $50,000 and seventy men. In the first two which it is not in the power of the handful that years of union 410 churches were consolidated congregate in anyone place to provide. The one into half that number, and if recent figures were virtue in congregational management is to keep down expense.

available that figure would be considerably aug- For the same reason the rural minister is, gen- mented. At the time of union there were 8,806 erally speaking and through no fault of his own, congregations enrolled in the United Church. To a negligible force in educational work. Preach- this must be added new work averaging 45 new ing three or four times on Sunday he has neither fields annually, but the work is now done in 7,633 the time nor the energy to give leadership in the centres. Sunday school and, in consequence, the work there Of course, church union has not solved the is carried on by untrained leaders who do the problem of overchurching. It was not sufficiently best they can in inadequate buildings with groups inclusive for that, affecting only a fraction of the too small for effective grading or to provide the Christian Church in this land. Denominational- stimulus for effective work. In the Maritime Con- ism, somewhat mitigated, remains the enemy of ference with 3.65 preaching places per charge effective religion. Everywhere Christian churches there are only 2.62 Sunday schools per charge, face one another in country and village, each mak- which means that only .72% of the preaching ing the work of the other more difficult. In one places have Sunday schools. But the situation area surveyed ten united congregations out of with respect to Young People's work is even seventy-nine had ten members or less; thirty-two worse. While the average for the whole area is

3.05 preaching places per congregation, the aver- support churches in areas that would easily be age for Young People's organizations is 1.56, self-supporting if it were not for denominational which means that in half the worshipping units overlapping and rivalry. there are no organized young people's groups. In the Maritime Conference, while there is an aver- A second cause of fluctuating, if not inadequate, age of 3.09 young people's organizations per urban support grows out of the character of a rural as preaching place, in the country there is only .36 contrasted with an urban community. Few urban per preaching place. In other words, only one communities are made up of one occupational place in three in the country attempts to organize group. The membership represents a fair crossits young people for Christian instruction and section of the community and includes wage earnwork. Or stated otherwise, nine times as much ers, salaried people and a score of occupational is being done for the young in urban areas as in groups who, in the seemingly inevitable fluctuthe country. Perhaps this will go some way to ations of business as at present organized, have explain the fact that the United Church has 15.2 an average stability of income that provides members per one hundred of Protestant popula- steadier support than can be looked for in the less tion living in urban areas and only 8.5 in rural diversified agricultural group that is a unit in its areas, and yet is comparatively the strongest rural prosperity and adversity. church in Canada. The third, and major cause of the meagre reve- When you try to picture the rural minister in nue of the rural church, and the most difficult to the light of these facts, what do you see? A man remedy, is the poor financial returns to agriculdevoted to his work, quite as alert as his city ture as an industry. I am quite well aware that confrere, but the victim of a situation he did not this is only an opinion, but as such I offer it; with create and which he often deeply deplores. As the exception of the casual laborer, the farmer rethings stand, he must do what he can by his visit- ceives less for his effort than any other group in ing and preaching to the tiny groups that form the industrial world. Taking capital invested, one unit in a rural charge. That makes up nine- hours of labor, skill and risk into account this tenths of his efforts. Such personal touch as he statement seems true to me beyond any peradhas with the young people of his congregation is venture. It is quite true that in times of depresin the home on the occasions when he visits there sion the farmer is not often in the bread line beand is fortunate enough to find them in and not cause his acres provide him with food and fuel. too busy to see him. He feels the handicap of it But churches are not financed in kind, and if and all, but when you say to him after his outburst when taxes are paid, the residue in money "is of honest indignation, "Why do you not consoli- tragically meagre. The rural church will always date your groups into more effective working be a penurious church until agriculture as an inunits?" he answers, "It cannot be done, because dustry has been rescued from its Cinderella-like to withdraw at any point is to invite next Sunday position among human avocations. So long as some competing group, fired by denominational men are preoccupied with the question of getting and short-sighted zeal, to enter and occupy for a living they have little marginal energy left to the glory of God." think about how to live, and the Church's mes- sage will fall on unresponsive ears. How all this The Financial Handicap is to be changed is too large a question to be en- tered on here, but when the Church makes its de- The second major disability from which the mand in these days for social justice, the farmer's rural church suffers is inadequate financial re- plight should be stressed more than it ever has sources. The church as an institution cannot been. Today he desperately nee d s informed carry on without suitable buildings, equipment spokesmen. and trained leadership, and for these a sufficient measure of financial support must be found in Lack of Spiritual Power the community served or in the Church-at-Iarge. Today the average urban church has at its com- A third group of closely interrelated disabilimand much more adequate and steady resources ties which weakens rural work has its source in than its rural neighbor. Omitting low standards the present temper of the Church. Lowered spirof giving, three causes lie back of this handicap. itual temperature means retarded growth and late ripening. A depleted spiritual capital means a The first is the overchurched condition of many moratorium or the repudiation of just demands. areas the main, though not the only cause of To accuse the Church of even a measure of spirwhich, is competitive denominationalism. A com- itual impotence is not an inviting duty, but there munity that could support one church adequately does seem some evidence to justify it. What is cannot and will not support three or four. As there to offer in proof? Well, first of all there is things are much home mission money is going to the lack of any clear-cut and commanding ideal of

THE RURAL SITUATION IN CANADA

what a country community ought to be and the necessary than are likely to occur in normal slowness of the Church as an institution to adjust times. But in three conferences, the MaritimE'. itself to the changing times. The institution is Bay of Quinte and London, which are charactertoo much the master of the spirit and too little istically rural, only 11.170 of the ministers are the servant. It requires a mighty dynamic to in the charges they were in 1926, and only 28.7% adjust an institution whose roots go deep in his- are in the fields they served in 1928. tory, and particularly when invested with sanctity, to the cataclysmic changes of the past thirty In one far eastern county only one rural minyears. Church effort in the country today is dis- ister in an area of 1,623 square miles had more concertingly similar to the method and message than four years to his record in one place. On of a generation ago. The most unchanged thing such terms no man takes deep root. A program in the country today is the Church. that includes the basic interests of a community, that goes on while he goes out are not for him, This accusation finds proof in the standards by because he does not continue long enough in one which ministerial success is measured. There is stay to make his influence felt or carry through too much of the dollar standard. A large salary any program that touches the permanent comis too frequently a synonym for ministerial worth. munity enterprises. The Church offers her meagerest support to her rural pastors, and then under-values them be- It is found again in the fact that our best cause she does not support them. You Gan count equipped colleges have little or no special training on the fingers of one hand the rural ministers who to offer the man, if such there be, who feels called receive more than the minimum support in any of of God to minister to a country parish, take root our conferences. You would need both hands to in it, master its problems, interpret its unique life count the men who fall below the minimum. And in terms of the spirit and speak for it as well since men are too much judged by the salaries as to it. they receive is it to be wondered at that the Church has not inspired in its rural workers a Three things must come to pass before the real sense of vocation? I have yet to hear of any country church can come into its own and merit man under forty years of age who remains by the entire confidence of the community it serves. choice a rural minister when the city calls, and Denominational prestige must sacrifice itself to a the Church has not yet grasped the significance much greater degree for the sake of the Kingdom of God. The Church must make herself more of that fact. heroically the champion of social and economic The proof of it is further seen in the tragic justice. In a place of repentance she must re- nounce vagueness for a clear-cut purpose and win brevity of the rural pastorate. The figures I quote a new sense of proportion which will make it seem apply only to the United Church and include areas no way strange for a man of noblest gifts, broadranked as student fields. The adjustments fol- est training and deepest insight to invest his life lowing union have made more frequent changes in a country parish.

A Challenge to the Christian Church In a report on foreign missions submitted to the but for a time there was much anxiety in the American Section of the Reformed and Presbyter- Christian community. The result of this persecuian World Alliance, Dr. C. S. Cleland calls attention tion will probably be only another step toward reto a depression in the spiritual world, previous to ligious liberty, for which the Christians of Egypt the business depression. The conclusion of the have been striving for generations. largest board is that "the results of economic depression have not been wholly discouraging, but The Emperor Haile Selassie the First of Ethiothat in many fields the native church has come to pia, at the time of his coronation is reported to a new sense of responsibility and sacrifice for main- have said: "In this hour in which my heart is taining and extending the work." lifted up to God, I must offer my heartfelt thanks for all the good that American missions have done The following two events of the past year indi- for us. They have helped to spread the Word of cate the spread of tolerance toward Christianity God and Christian teaching in all parts of the and the growth of religious liberty: country, and we especially thank the doctors, not only for their great service to the members of the "In Cairo there was during the past year an Emperor's family, but because they have given outbreak of religious persecution. A convert the blessing of ·health and strength to thousands from Mohammedanism was thrown into prison on of my poor people. May God prolong the lives of the charge of making attacks on Islam. When the His honored servants who have come to us from case was called for trial it was proved that the America." charges were false and the prisoner was set free,

Lepers!-Tw-o Pictures From

..:( By PROFESSOR ALBERT E. SUTHERS, ):.. Delaware, Ohio Department of Missions, Ohio Wesleyan University T HE impression of a Sunday morning in One of the warders guided me through the cor- Singapore will linger in my mind until my ridors of low, airy buildings with small fireplaces last days. A resident missionary invited and individual cooking utensils; then we entered me to visit a leper asylum for women, when he the dormitory, a long room, over the low walls of was to administer the sacrament and to baptize which the breezes played. Rough couches were an adult into the Christian faith. ranged on either side of a wide aisle after the We drove through the city streets, over the fashion of a hospital ward. The plain boards, boulevard and through the bazaar, where bare- resting on iron legs, were covered with a rattan breasted natives plied their trades or peddled mat on which was a folded blanket and pilloW, their multifarious wares; where stood black- and over this a canopy of mosquito netting. Piti- bearded Sikhs, sentinels of public safety, while ful human creatures were huddling, squatting, or around them swirled a racial sea-'ricksha men reclining on some of those cots-one with hands panting, tugging, straining at their human bandaged as though she would fain fasten more freight; draught-animals in a drenching sweat, securely the few remaining members which with heads swathed in tattered turbans or quaint- threatened to drop off; another with only stumps ly crowned with hats of straw; girls in gay for feet; others with swollen ears, itching legs, sarongs of fantastic batik, and men clad or un- discolored extremities and featureless faces. A clad in every conceivable fashion according to the few are wondrously vivacious, but many are em- innovations of conflicting cultures. There was a barrassed and seek to conceal a ravaged counte- dusky stripling, nude save for a loin cloth, and nance behind the remnant of a hand. On a couch here was an equally swarthy dude with topee, in the corner is a formless creature in whom the cane and gold-buttoned suit of immaculate duck. disease has run its limit. She rocks her body The pageant of the East is a perpetual fascina- back and forth, moaning dismally.

tion. Leprosy! Since childhood I had been familiar Presently we entered the open country, where with the name of the dread disease mentioned so nature in her prodigality softened and adorned often in the Scriptures, but it was always against the landscape with a riot of flower and foliage. the background of the loving presence of the The banana, bamboo, and cocoanut trees bedecked Great Physician who healed. Here about me were the countryside in wild profusion; here a banyan, living-dying, decaying human beings. Stricken an hibiscus, a lotus pond, and there an alluring with a great sympathy, my spirit reached and driveway lined with royal palms. Yonder is a ranged for Him. No man can look upon his fel- hedge over-topped by flaring poinsettias, pendu- lows in such a plight without feeling infinite pity.

lous plantains, pomegranates, and papaya fast My mind was in a turmoil, when a familiar ripening in an atmosphere heavy with the fra- strain cut in like a shaft of silver light through grance of the frangipani. a sombre sky. I could understand no word and Another mile and we pass a forest of rubber yet I recognized the music of a Christian song trees, standing in serried ranks, like soldiers on which came from a neighboring dormitory.

parade. A few fluttering leaves are tossed by a The Gospel-bells are ringing playful gust, and whirled in eddies about the Overland from sea to sea, mossy roots. Blessed news of God's salvation Past a turn in the road, we come upon a littl(> Freely offered you and me.

white asylum – the city of refuge for blighted The sweetness of those unaccompanied voices lives. It stands upon a grassy knoll against a quickened my step and smoothed somewhat my ridge of green. rebellious spirit. At the door the pastor met me, [346 ] HOETA SALIM, SUMATRA. THE LEPER COLONY OF THE RHENISH MISSIONARY SOCIETY and conducted me through a group of forty lep- were arrested with the vision of a table of spoters, in every stage of decomposition, seated or less linen, hemmed with the richest lace, on which squatting in a half-circle on the floor. Some stood a spray of flowers, the Book of Books, and of the sufferers were young girls hardly out of surmounting all the Cross. It was this blind lepchildhood, and here and there was a small boy. er's high altar to the living and all-seeing God. Scripture texts and picture postcards adorned the wall. The occasion of the gathering was the bap- *** tism of an adult into the fellowship of the body of Christ and the celebration of the sacrament of A week later another picture impressed itself the Lord's Supper. upon my mind. This was a leper colony of native houses, built according to Battak village plan and The Christian work was done by an elqerly architecture. At the gate is a store so divided blind leper, "Mary," a woman of singular faith, that outsiders may make purchases from the patience and spirituality. Seated beside the pas- street, while the patients within are waited on tor at the open end of the horse-shoe, she acted as from the rear. Coins offered by lepers are respokeswoman to her people, translating that rich ceived upon a small paddle and dropped into a ritual from English, not into her own tongue, but disinfecting solution ere it passes again into pubinto Cantonese, the language best understood by lic circulation. The one-roomed houses within her fellow lepers. She prayed-a long prayer be- the leper compound are raised a foot or two above ginning with petitions for the King and his house- the ground, the lower part plain timber, the upper hold and ending with the leper. There was no of bamboo and thatch. They are compact little mistaking the faith and fervor of that afflicted dwellings erected by the inmates themselves, each soul, and even though the language was unknown large enough to accommodate two or three lepers. to the visitor, the petition clearly breathed peace- There are nearly five hundred men and women in ful gratitude, vital fellowship, a living faith, and the compound, and their homes extend in long no complaint. well-kept lanes. To one side, and half-concealed in the shade of the grove, is a low kennel of The service concluded, we passed out, with the thatch and stubble with earthen floor. It is untune: "I Need Thee Every Hour" singing its way lighted and unventilated, except for the small into our souls. It was evident from whence that doorway through which a stooping man might stricken one drew her strength and peace. Pass- crawl. ing her private room in making our exit, my steps

"Why this?" I asked. the sands of a bamboo grove. The beauty of the "That is a non-Christian leper home of a type setting, at an altitude of three thousand feet that the natives used to erect and to which they among the mountains of northwest Sumatra, exiled any member of their family who contracted makes one catch his breath. Curtains of clouds trail across the smoking sides of Sibayak and LEPER HOUSES OF THE LAS SIMOMO COLONY, SUMATRA Sinabang on the horizon and shafts of gold gleam on fields of green. What a contrast! Without, the dreaded disease. We keep it as a reminder a world of health, hope and beauty; within, disto them of one of the differences in life which the ease and suffering, exiles from life, from family, love of Christ makes to men." from friends, from all that brings hope and joy- were it not for the love of Christ. One hut is distinctive. It is larger than the others and the front of its ridge-pole is curiously "You have shown us the work they do, the fashioned into the form of an animal's head not homes they build, the gardens they dig, the trades unlike a springbok in a fighting attitude. It is they pursue, but what do they say? What do the residence of the leper chief, who, at the time they think?" I asked. of our visit, sat in council with a score of others under some palms at the further end of the ave- "In working they forget much and laugh a litnue. They were deliberating on the question of tle," said my guide. "Mercifully much is veiled disciplining an offender against the rules of this from them, but in their serious moods their self-governing society. thoughts turn upward and they comment upon "Tabe!" said one and another as we passed by. , the impressive fact that Jesus Christ did not This is the Malayan form of greeting, the hands, palms together, gently raised toward the spurn the lepers but even touched and healed face and lowered in obeisance, while the deformed them. Like war-weary veterans yearning for features widen into a welcoming smile. home they speculate upon the experience await- This is the well-known Las Simomo Leper Col- ing them as painless spirits when this decaying ony of a Dutch Mission, and was founded in 1906 body has been left behind." by "Vanden Berg the Compassionate." "Las Simomo," meaning literally "Disappearing Wa- . "If I must have leprosy, may it be in Las Siter," was so named because of a small stream momo," I thought as I passed into the world of which ripples and bubbles and then loses itself in freedom.

A NATIVE LEPER HUT IN SUMATRA "Until I Found"

"0 tender Shepherd, climbing rugged mountains, And wading waters deep, How long wouldst thou be willing to go home- less To find the straying sheep? " 'I count no time,' the Shepherd gently answered, As thou dost count and bind The days in weeks, the weeks in months; My counting is just until I find. "'And that would be the limit of my journey.

I'd cross the waters deep, AndcIimb the hillsides with unfailing patience Until I found my sheep.' "

Hindu-,Moslem Relations In

..:{ By REV. B. C. ISHWARDAS, New York Jt: .

Recently of Ludhiana, Panjab T HE recent news from India has been very called "untouchables," in the enlightened state of disconcerting. We feel strongly that some- Baroda, is beyond our understanding. The news- thing specific should be done to check "de- papers from India tell the sad story that when structive tendencies" which are gaining ground. a Native State Government offered equal educa- We do not deny the fact that India must have the tional opportunities to unfortunate outcaste chil- freedom which is the right of all civilized people, dren, the caste people show their resentment by but we seriously question the violent methods withdrawing their children from the schools, which have been applied to achieve that goal. stone social workers, destroy fields and crops of Those of us who are out of India at this time the "untouchables," and pour kerosene oil into know how intensely all freedom and justice-loving wells used by them. Is it any less than tragic people are interested in India's struggle for politi- that, at this juncture, when India should be cal emancipation and in her general acceptance internally united she is torn asunder by commu- of the principle of non-violence on which her .na- nal strifes and sectional animosities?

tional program is based. For India to pin her In the political field the horizon is darker still.

faith in violence is to frustrate that high ideal- Lack of confidence between the rulers and the ism, and to lose the sympathy of many. ruled, promulgation of severe ordinances, impris- The great world leader, Woodrow Wilson, once onments, fines, dismissals from service and other said: "I would rather fail in a cause that will repressive measures are hideous pictures on the sometime succeed, than succeed in a cause that Indian screen today.

will sometime fail." If India has to spill human We watch with deep interest the participation blood in order to achieve Swaraj, she will discover of Indian women in the political struggle, and we to her sorrow the futility of such a procedure. believe that their cooperation is imperative to pull India must give heed to those words of Gandhi, India out of serfdom into sunny heights of inde- uttered last September in London: pendence, but our Indian sisters who are symbols "I, personally, would wait, if need be, for ages of gentleness, love and modesty will disappoint rather than seek to attain the freedom of my us if they take to violence. The situation is com- country through bloody means. I feel in the in- plex and intricate, but heroic men and women of nermost recesses of my heart that the world is high character and foresight can steer the Indian sick unto death of bloodspilling. The world is ship to its harbor of safety. Not cheap and senti- seeking a way out, and I flatter myself with the mental patriotism, but constructive thinking and belief that perhaps it will be the privilege of the courageous action, will hasten the coming of a ancient land of India to show that way out to the better day.

hungering world." The two major issues which require immediate There is nothing strange in the mere fact that attention are the Hindu-Moslem relations and the India is struggling for independence, but it is attitude towards "our kith and kin," the "un- unique that her leaders are seeking to attain it touchables." How are we to change age-long at- through bloodless and non-violent means–even titudes and to bridge these traditional gulfs?

through suffering and self-purification. What a May we suggest some moves which, in our hum- tragedy it will be if, under the influence of some ble opinion, can be very effective and successful impatient and high-strung nationalists, India in creating a conciliatory relationship in India's abandons that policy and resorts to physical communities.

force. 1. Religious heads of different communities in All true lovers of India are pained to see a India should get together and hold public meet- house divided against itself. The ugly scenes of ings on the. highways, and on the crossings of hatred and rioting in that most beautiful spot on towns and cities. From a common platform they the globe-the Vale of Kashmir-have caused us should issue strong appeals in the name of reli- to shudder. The inhuman tl'eatment of the so- gion to stop fighting and should live peacefully [349 ]

like good neighbors. Christian ministers, Hindu God." If the Christian Church in India takes 'priests, Mohammedan maulvies, and leaders of upon itself this responsibility, she would go a other religions should join hands in such an In- long way to interpret the spirit of Christ to India.

dia-wide peace campaign. In the past religious If we are true to the ideals of our Master we leaders have emphasized the controversial side would bring to bear all pressure for an amicable more, and have thus helped people to form strong settlement of the communal strifes of our coun- religio-social groups, suspicious and intolerant of trymen.

each other. All religions that uphold love and 5. We appeal to missionary forces in India to peace can help heal India's afflictions. convince thinking men and women, through the 2. On the college and university campuses press, teaching, preaching, and private inter- throughout India, the youth should do propa- views, the futility of a disrupted India. Mission- ganda work among students of all communities. aries in the past have led in education, breaking Inter-communal leagues, clubs, and groups should of caste and untouchability, abolition of sati and be started and love and reconciliation feasts infanticide. They have been brave in the de- should be held to promote cooperation and friend- struction of those hideous practices and rites.

ship. The youth of the land should play a large They can do the same now in the field of national part in this work of reconciliation, since they construction, where love and peace should be cul- understand the situation better. By fostering tivated. By so doing they need not embarrass such a program they can prepare for themselves the Government of India, for the government it- a better India. If some over-zealous communal- self wishes to see India rid of communal tension.

ist bursts out in oratorical excesses in the cause Missionaries are a potent factor in the life of the of his own community, a united voice of protest country, and through bringing better under- should be raised by the youth of the land in the standing among people, they will not only per- interest of the common weal. form a religious act, but will win India's coop- 3. The women, because of their unique endow- eration and gratitude for Christian cause. It is ment in gentleness, love, patience and devotion, a rare opportunity of service.

are better prepared to influence men in homes, so- 6. Mass meetings should be sponsored under cial circles and other groups to refrain from vio- organizations of public-spirited men and women lent methods in settling communal differences. who will devote their time and interest in the We appeal to the women of the country to do all cause of communal peace and goodwill. There is that lies in their power to create an atmosphere no dearth of such men in India, but apparently of confidence and love and to expel mistrust and some of them have not realized the seriousness communal selfishness. of the situation.

4. We urge Christian Indians to come forward If such a program can be introduced immedi- and make good use of their unique position, to ately, we believe that a peaceful and harmonious act as peacemakers between their Hindu and atmosphere can be brought about in which to Moslem countrymen. "Blessed are the peace- work out the future governmental system for makers, for they shall be called the children of India.

The Answer to Materialism In a time when the missionary enterprise is existence, we need, unterrified, to lift our heads, undergoing a fire of criticism and its friends are look into the faces of the wisest, most skeptical, as eager to accommodate as its enemies, we say and most scornful of mankind, and confidently rewithout qualification that, however important member how Jesus said, "If a man love me, he these matters may be, we need to remember again will keep my words, and my Father will love him, that "the world is our parish," that "there is none and we will come unto him and make our abode other Name under heaven among men whereby with him." we must be saved." The only power adequate to the hard, high mountains of human sin and need, Criticism, materialism, humanism, behaviorin a big world suddenly compacted into a single ism, secularism, nationalism-there is only one neighborhood, is the Gospel of peace. answer, the answer of the New Testament. We say it simply, but say it straight and strongly, Most of all when science, philosophy, and even the answer is a life, the life hid with Christ in theology are alike so uncertain about the nature God. and person of God as to raise questions about his -THE EDITOR-The Missionary Voice.

in India T-wo

Years Ago By the REV. JOHN RUTHERFORD BEFORE the time when William Carey landed cupied, but that the heathen population, added by adven- in India in 1793 there were brave Christian ture or conquest to Denmark, had already weighed upon men who had done what they could to carry the king. They could be found at many points of his the Gospel to the Hindus. Christian Frederick dominions, in Greenland, India, and St. Thomas, and they Schwartz, the Danish missionary, arrived at Tran- had filled him with misgivings, that he had not acted fairly quebar in 1750. His missionary service in India by them, that as a Christian prince he ought to have sent extended over forty-eight years, during which messengers to preach the Gospel to them. He was engaged time he never left its shores. He was the means in war with Sweden, and perhaps the seriousness of his of very greatly spreading the knowledge of Christ position at the time made his conscience sensitive . . . both among Europeans and Indians. But For ninety years there had been a Danish East India Schwartz, Christian hero though he was, was by Company under charter and protection of the crown; for no means the first to begin Protestant missions in ninety years Danish ships had sailed to Tranqueb.ar; India. The real beginner of modern mission work Danish merchants had traded and grown rich in it; Danish there was a German missionary from Saxony. soldiers had defended it, and Danish governors had ruled it; but no ship had ever carried a Danish missionary to Bartholomew Ziegenbalg was born in the little preach the Gospel. For these ninety years the Christian Saxon town of Pulsnitz in 1683, exactly two hun- conscience of the land had been asleep, and it was now dred years after the birth of a still more famous high time to awake. Penitent, perplexed and restless he Saxon, Martin Luther. It was a time when the summoned Dr. Lutkens, his chaplain, who found him por- German Church was awakening from the formal ing over a map of the coast of Coromandel. orthodoxy which had controlled the pulpit and dried up the currents of spiritual life. The Thir- The chaplain was asked to procure men to send out as ty Years War had brought troubles enough with apostles to the East Indies. The king had taken· his deciit, and men sought for something truer and deeper sion with a hasty energy, for while he was musing, the than was then usual in German theology. The fire had burned, and Lutkens with a joy he did not hide spiritual revival which supplied this lack was mis· heaped fuel on the fire. But the Church of Denmark was called Pietism, but its teachers and its results no more alive to mission work than other churches of that prove that, however it was nicknamed, it was a time, and such men as were wanted were scarc.ely to be true work of God. One of the headquarters of found. The chaplain paused for a moment, then said, this revival was the University of Halle, where "Send me!" The king was moved by the old man's self- Francke, well-known by his Orphan House, was sacrifice, but he could not part with him. He reckoned an outstanding leader. In Berlin, Lange, the rec- on his counsel, he must have him by his side; it was tor of the High School, and Spener, the king's younger men he wanted who could face the hardships and chaplain, were the heads of the movement. It the climate with less risk. "Get us the men," he said; was from this new life of German Pietism that whereupon Lutkens went out to seek. Ziegenbalg and Plutscho went forth to India. Lutkens turned to Lange in Berlin, and Lange Dr. Fleming Stevenson, in his "Dawn of the after consultation wrote to Ziegenbalg, then act- Modern Mission," gives a graphic account of how ing as pastor in a parish near Berlin. He prothese two men were chosen. posed that he should go to Africa or the West In- dies as a missionary, telling him of the king's de- On a March evening in the year 1705, King Frederick sire, and that Plutscho, one of his old fellow stu- IV sat in deep thought in his palace. As he looked over dents had been requested to accompany him. Ziethe papers on the table, his eye rested on the petition of genbalg thought the task too great for him, but a poor widow. Her husband and eldest son had been the feeling came that not to go would be to resist murdered in a native outbre,ak at Tranquebar, and she God's will, so he yielded. He and Plutscho sought redress and help. The circumstance was slight, reached Copenhagen on October 16, 1705, and and might have made little impression on a mind preoc- then found for the first time that their destination was Tranquebar, on the coast of India.

There is an old book, few copies of which are extant, which enables us to follow in some de- [351 ]

gree the fortunes of the two missionaries. The conduct of the Roman Catholics who used to decoy title is: them into Christianity by all manner of sinister Propagation of the Gospel in the East; being an Ac- practices and underhand dealings. Hence the count of the Success of two Danish missionaries lately sent fear which the heathen entertained of the new to the East Indies for the Conversion of the Heathens in missionaries: fourth, the fact that some hundreds Malabar: in several letters to their correspondents in of Roman Catholic converts were then wander- Europe, containing a narrative of their voyage to the ing about begging bread from door to door, neithcoast of Goromandel, their settlement at Tranquebar, the er food nor employment having been provided for divinity and philosophy of the Malabarians, their language them: and last, the fact that all who became and manners, the impediments obstructing their conver- Christians-except heads of families-are pression, the several methods taken by these missionaries, the ently ,banished from their whole estate and kinwonderful Providences attending them, and the progress dred and dare not come near them again. The they have already maqe. Rendered into English from the High Dutch, and dedicated to the Most Honorable Corpo- ration for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, hindrances in the way of conversion were very London, 1718. much the same then as now.

Official Opposition They set up a small charity school for Malabar After a long voyage of some months so unlike boys, providing them with food, and "instructing modern travel, they landed at Tranquebar, July them also in their and our language, and chiefly 9th, 1706. in the fundamental principles of Christian knowl- It was early in the morning, and they were ordered edge." A remarkable statement-our language, to remain in a house before the gate till the governor had that is German. In some respects this was an an- leisure to come in the afternoon. On his arrival, assum- ticipation of Dr. Alexander Duff's method of con- ing the utmost roughness, he asked what brought them veying instruction to Hindu students by means of there? They were a mere nuisance. What could he do? English. Ziegenbalg adds the rather astonishing That was no place for missionaries. They were not words, "Truly the training up of children will be wanted. What could the king know about such things? of the greatest consequence in this affair. If we And so he turned upon his heel, and withdrew with his suite to the fort. Petrified by this contempt for the king's were but able to purchase and to maintain many mandate, the two young men slowly followed, expecting of them, the work might undoubtedly spread that some one would inform them of the arrangements abroad in a little while and, under the blessing of made for their stay. But at the market square the group God, produce the desired effect." suddenly separated, and in a moment governor, council and chaplain had disappeared, and the square was empty. The As one means of raising funds to support this school he says, "we have fastened an alms box in sun had set, and as the houses were already shrouded in gloom, the strangers could not tell what turn to take, but watched and waited under the silent stars, wondering our house, but we find nothing in it but what we much what would happen next, and thinking to themselves put in ourselves. For this reason we have most that even the Son of Man had not where to lay His head. humbly petitioned his majesty the king of Den- The hostility of the Danish officials was what mark to assist us with some generous relief. But they had not reckoned upon. For the first few since this new work, both in its foundation and days they were sheltered by one of the governor's the succeeding progress, will prove very expen- suite, and were afterwards allowed to occupy a sive, we entreat also all the well wishers to the house where they settled down to their work. cause of God, to commiserate the deplorable state They immediately set themselves to learn Port- of these poor heathens, and by some charitable uguese and Tamil, or as Ziegenbalg calls it, "Ma- and plentiful effusions tending to the maintenance labarick," the two languages used there. They re- of the body, to advance the conversion of these solved that one of them should learn Portuguese deluded souls." As this appeal to the king of Denas his chief means of communication with the na- mark and to the generosity of Christian people tives, while the other should devote himself prin- who might be reached by Ziegenbalg:s letter, could cipally to Tamil or Malabarick. not produce any result "till two years hence," owing to the tediousness of the voyage between On October first, Ziegenbalg writes freely con- India and Europe, they proposed to use part of fessing that it is very hard to make any impres- their salary, and perhaps to borrow money upon sion on the minds of the natives, and gives these interest from the Malabarians, for the purpose reasons-the scandalous and corrupted lives of of proceeding at once in these endeavors. This the Christians who reside there: second, the idola- letter ends "My dear fellow laborer, Mr. Plutscho trous worship which seems to the heathen to have and my servant Modaliapa, the first fruits of the more pleasantness in it than the doctrine of heathens, send their kind greeting to you in the Christ, fancying as they do, that theirs is "of an Lord." earlier date and contains more curious and de- lightful pastimes" than the Bible, thirdly, that With great artlessness Ziegenbalg writes in an- their conversion is very much obstructed by the other letter:

MISSIONS IN INDIA TWO HUNDRED YEARS AGO

We find by experience that for propagating the Gospel tians and heathens begin to be convinced that God is with among the heathens, next to the grace of God, nothing is more expedient as for any outward help, than a blameless us; especially since they see that by His grace we endeavor life and a seasonable supply of money for establishing all manner of good foundations. to render our life and conversation conformable to the For the very existence of the charity school doctrine we preach to them; which, as we find, leaves genfunds were needed, as he writes repeatedly: "for the right settling and increasing whereof we must erally the strongest impression on people's minds. buy such children-and this now and then at a high rate too—as their parents are willing to part We ;must need's say that what we have undertaken with: which, one time necessity obliges them to; another time perhaps some other reasons, which hitherto in singleness of heart, has been attended with the God knows." conviction of many and the conversion of some souls. The No Letters for a Year first of our baptismal acts was solemnly performed in the In September, 1707, the year following their arrival, Ziegenbalg writes expressing his grief at Danish Church with five heathens which were christened not having received any European letters that year, notwithstanding their having written so fre- after they had given an account of all the articles of the quently to their friends. "Last year,'~ he says, "when the ships returned to Europe I fell danger- Christian faith. God hath assisted us so far ·that we have ously ill, and the distemper holding me above a month, made me pine away to that degree, that been able to build a church among ttoheusM, athlaebagrrieaantserhetrhe~ both myself and others with me began to despair which seems the more marvellous of my recovery. However, the Lord having been graciously pleased once more to restore me, it has difficulties were we met with in bringing it about. now so much the more excited me, entirely to spend the rest of my days in the service of God, How great their encouragement was, may be by how much the less my health was expected. seen from what he further says that though they My dear colleague having renewed with me this had been disappointed in their hopes of having a resolution, we began afresh to apply ourselves to church building erected "notwithstanding this disthe work we were sent about, notwithstanding the appointment we in the name of God and in hopes many oppositions we are like to encounter, most of being supported by our king, laid the foundacertainly believing that God would never forsake tion of a church, bestowing thereon all whatever us in a work sincerely begun for His glory." we could possibly spare from our yearly pension. Everyone that saw it laughed at it as a silly and He goes on to give a simple narrative of how rash design, and cried us down for venturing too the blessing of God had rested upon their work. boldly upon a thing, which they thought would certainly come to nothing. However, we prose- Soon after our arrival some well disposed Germans en- cuted our design in the name of God, a friend treated us to give them some instruction out of the Word sending fifty-six dollars towards it. By this forof God. We were glad of this opportunity and set up an wardness of our work the enemies were confoundexercise of piety in our own house. On the same day we ed, and some of them did then contribute somewere to begin, the governor sent for us to dinner, and thing themselves, towards accomplishing the having discoursed the point with us he said that he neither whole affair, which proved no small comfort to could nor intended to hinder in any way the work we were us. Thus is the building finished at last and fitted about, though he could be more glad to see it publicly done up for a church congregation. It lies without the in the Danish Church here. We replied, we would begin town in the midst of a multitude of Malabarians in our own house- till we received further orders from him. near the high road, built all of stone. It was con- Coming home we found the house crowded with people to secrated the fourteenth of August, which was the hear the Word of God. But some ill-disposed men highly eighth Sunday after Trinity, in the presence of a displeased with our design began to exclaim against it. great conflux of heathens, Mohammedans and However, this proved but a means to draw more people to Christians, who had a sermon preached to them our house, and some even of the first rank would now and both in Portuguese and Malabarick. then come to hear us, so that the room was hardly big enough to hold them. At last the governor sent his secre- In October, 1707, Ziegenbalg sent to Germany tary and enquired whether we had a mind to preach once a copy of "the Four Gospels done unto Malabarick a week in the church here. We presented the Danish after having them carefully perused according to Church with two and twenty psalm books; and from that the original," as well as several other minor time, viz., from the month of December, 1706, we have translations. An Indian idol made of gold had constantly continued to preach therein. By this means we been presented to him by some of the converts; had now a fair opportunity to lay the Word of God be- and this he sent as a present to the king of Denfore heathens, Mohammedans and Christians. The Lord mark. He continues: "For the present we are hath hitherto assisted us so powerfully that both Chris- destitute of all necessary supplies for carrying on the work, being in daily expectation of the happy arrival of the ships coming from Europe. I wish heartily you would send us all sorts of authors treating upon the several parts of philosophy and especially upon the mathematics, wherein some of the pagans, as I find now, are pretty well versed. Truly we don't design to stuff anybody's brain with useless trash of Aristotle's philosophy, though perhaps it may now and then prove some

accidental help for conveying good notions to Some months later, news arrived in England them about the substantial points of the Christian that the vessel carrying the printer and the Gosreligion; true divinity being the main point we pels had been captured at Rio de Janeiro by a shall drive at in all our conversation with them. French squadron, the printer made prisoner, and Should we be enabled to accomplish our design in the goods confiscated. Such were the perils of this, there is no question but we should see a com- the time. However, a negotiation was carried motion in the whole Malabarian paganism; some out, by which the vessel was ransomed and the of them being convinced already of the sottish- printer was set free along with the press and the ness of their way of worship." He also asks for paper; the money is not mentioned. The ship rebooks on church history and on the various reli- sumed her voyage, but Jonas Finck died before gions in the world, "particularly on the Moham- reaching the Cape of Good Hope. The printing medan whom we frequently converse with." press, paper and types were delivered at last to the missionaries at Tranquebar. "There hap- Bible Translation pened one thing at Brazil, when the French took possession of the ship, too material to be passed When Ziegenbalg and Plutscho had acquired over in silence. It relateth to the aforesaid 250 the Portuguese and Malabarick (Tamil) lan- copies of the Gospel of St. Matthew. Undergoguages, and were engaged in preaching the Gos- ing now the same fate the rest of the goods did, pel, they found that their greatest want ~as .a they were seized on by the French, and upon translation of the Scriptures. A translatIon III sight of their being Portuguese books, dispersed Portuguese existed but was rare, and not to be them among the inhabitants of that country, purchased even for ready money. They secur~d where perhaps, under the gracious influence of one copy printed at Batavia, and two other mIS- heaven, they may prove helpful towards the consionaries who were sent out to assist them bought viction of some of those in whose hands they were a second copy at the Cape of Good Hope. The left." New Testament in Malabarick did not exist. Ziegenbalg therefore set himself to do the neces- About November, 1712, Henry Plutscho arrived sary translation. He began the New Testament in London from India, bringing with him a Malaon October 17, 1708, and finished it March 21, barian youth to be educated at Halle for the serv- 1711. The New Testament in Malabarick was ice of the mission. In the end of the same year now an accomplished fact, but they had no print- three young men arrived in London from Halle ing press. on their way to Tranquebar to assist the mission- aries, one as a schoolmaster, the other two as When the volume of Ziegenbalg and Plutscho's printers. Further gifts of paper and books were given to these young men, and the East India letters,* from which we have already given ab- Company again carried the goods freight free "to the no small satisfaction of all the well wishers stracts, was published in Europe, it produced an to the design." immediate effect in Germany, Denmark and England. Many well wishers appeared and liberal When Ziegenbalg and Plutscho received the contributions were given to the work. printing press, they immediately set about using it, and happily they found that in the Danish The Society for the Propagation of Christian Company's service there was a man who in his Knowledge resolved to give assistance by sending younger days had learned the art of printing. an impression of the New Testament in Portu- The press was therefore set to work, and there guese, along with money for the support of their was printed off a "Primer" for the use of the charity school. The Society honored Ziegenbalg Portuguese school, and a specimen of the "Method and Plutscho by electing them corresponding of Salvation," of which some copies were sent to members, and funds having been contributed for Europe. the purpose, the Society also resolved to supply the missionaries with a printing press, six hun- Ziegenbalg gives a catalogue of "all the Maladred pounds of Roman and Italic type, and one barick manuscripts which either have been comhundred reams of paper. A printer was engaged posed by the missionaries themselves or by them to go with these goods to Tranquebar, and to translated from other languages, chiefly for the labor there as a schoolmaster and printer: his use of the Malabarick church and schools." It name was Jonas Finck, a native of Silesia. consists of no fewer than 32 works in addition to other fourteen Portuguese books and manu- * The secon(I part of the volume relating -Ziegenbalg's work is scripts with which the missionaries were pro- vided. At the end of this catalogue there are the entitled "An ..Account of the Progress made by some Misslonaries at words "May the Lord have mercy upon all Jews, Tranquebar in the East Indies for the Conversion of the Heathen in Malabar· of the Methods by them taken for effecting this work; of the Obstructions they meet with; and of the Proposals which they make in order to promote it: together with some Observations relating to the Malabarian philosophy and divinity. And concerning their Hramans, Pantares and Poets: London 1718." From it these particulars are taken. F. R.

Turks, Infidels and Hereticks! And take from to a widow which is a member of our church But them all ignorance, hardness of heart and contempt of His word, and so fetch them home to he soon was found out by his parents, who with great His flock that they may be saved among the remnant of the true Israelites and be made one fold clamor and violence breaking in upon him, told him plainly under one Shepherd, Jesus Christ our Lord, who liveth and reigneth with the Father and the Holy they would dispatch him with poison if he should persist Ghost, one God, world without end! Amen." any longer in a love to that new religion he was embrac- "I must needs say," writes Ziegenbalg, "that notwithstanding this people be led away by a ing; the mother having a dose of poison already prepared world of errors and delusions, they nevertheless give at times so pertinent answers in matters of for effecting that black and wicked design. These threatreligion as perhaps I should have never thought on before. I remember that some of our learned enings not producing the desired effect, they both, father in Europe have writ entire books upon 'Methods and Ways of Converting Heathens,' while they all and mother, fell down at his feet, and with most endearing this while argue with themselves only and fetch both the objections and the ansvers from their words endeavored now to gain by offers and promises what own stock. Should they come to a closer converse with the pagans and hear their shifts -and eva- could not be obtained by spite and malice. Home he went sions themselves they would not then find them so destitute of argument as we imagine. They are with his parents, where after a long discourse with them able to baffle now and then one proof alleged for Christianity with ten others brought in against he returned to us again accompanied by his father who, it. It requires an experimental wisdom to convey a saving knowledge into their mind and to with many fair words, entreated us to discharge his son convince them of the folly of heathenism and of the truth of Christianity." from the service of our house. To this we replied we were "The heathens have abundance of subterfuges willing to do it if he himself did require any such thing. whereby they endeavor to vindicate themselves and to frustrate the design of a missionary. If The young man all this while admonished the father not Christians find one error in the doctrine of the heathens, these will find ten in the life of the to fight against God. Hereupon the father quitted him Christians. It would be infinitely better if never any Christian had been among them; for then with great indignation, but soon after stirred up more their mind would be less prepossessed against Christianity, the free reception whereof is now than two hundred Malabarians who, surrounding the stifled by many inveterate sins and customs they have all along observed llmong Christians." young man at a convenient time, haled him into a house Baptism and Persecution and by force would make him forswear the Christian faith.

-He gives an account of the baptism of a Mala- He said he was willing to forswear what was bad but not bar poet, showing that the same methods are used now by relatives of converts to prevent their bap- what was good. tism as were employed 200 years ago. We shall let Ziegenbalg tell the story. Being once more got out of their clutches he would They now began to insult him everywhere. . . . His venture no more among the heathens hereafter; but most parents thought themselves more particularly obliged to confine their son to the old way of worship; and this they earnestly entreated us to baptize him with all convenient prosecuted awhile with much vigor and fierceness. They shut him up for three days together and left him all this speed, fearing the chief of the country might combine while without any food . . . after this his friends and relations rushed in upon him; and because 'twas just then against him and hinder him if possible from receiving this that one of their great heathenish festivals was to be kept, they would needs have him go to this pageantry; but they ordinance. When we saw his earnest desire for holy could not prevail. baptism and considering the nec·essity of going about it Being thus everywhere exposed to the insults and menaces of his enraged countrymen, he desired leave from without delay we fixed a day for that purpose. We bapus to retire to some place of privacy in a house belonging tized him the 16th of October last.

No sooner was this over but another threatening letter was sent to the governor by some of the young man's friends. . . . They required the governor to deliver up the poet into their hands. . . . The poet himself had a letter sent him by an eminent Black wherein his friends did promise to make him a governor of a whole country and swear obedience to him in the presence of the Bramans provided he would return to his former religion; but then again they threatened to burn him if he should presume to reject so splendid an offer. Our governor soon after received a third letter from another of their leading men, importing he would shut up all the avenues to the town unless he made the poet return to his duty. However our governor promised to return a smart answer to these busy heathens in order to allay if possible the commotion.

The Danish missionaries managed their work with much discrimination, anticipating methods on which we are somewhat apt to pride ourselves as if we had ourselves discovered them. Thus he writes: I must not forget to tell you that what taketh me most in this affair is the education of children in India. They are of a good and promising temper; and being not yet possessed with so many headstrong prejudices against the Christian faith, they are sooner wrought upon and molli- fied into a sense of the fear of God. To tell yOU the truth, we look upon our youth as a stock or nursery from whence in time plentiful supplies may be drawn for enriching our Malabar church with such members as will prove a glory and monument to the Christian profession.

An account is given of "a baptismal act per- formed by the .Roman Catholics in India." It is worthy of being narrated.

In the year 1709, and particularly towards the latter end thereof, everything was very dear in this country. The

scarcity was so great that abundance of Malabarians died From 7 to 8 supper. After supper, prayers; and about for want of necessaries, and others were forced to sell 9 the children lay themselves down on their mats.

themselves for slaves in that extremity. The Portuguese The Malabarick and Portuguese missionaries visit the Church here being 'very large and populous, took hold of schools every day, themselves teaching one or more hours this opportunity and bought up a great many of this as their other business will permit.

poor people for slaves, one being sold from 20 to 40 !ano We endeavor to spend the whole Lord's day as nigh as or from 8 to 16 shillings English. After they had pur- possibly we can in devotion and exercises of piety.

chased the number of fourscore heads, the Pater Vicarius In 1715 Ziegenbalg returned to Europe by order appointed a solemn day fur administering the baptismal act to all those souls at once. At the set day they went in of the physicians. He was received by the king one body or procession, being accompanied by some who of Denmark; then he hurried onwards and was beat the Malabar drums and others who played on the welcomed by Francke at Halle; his presence and flute, these being the usual instruments the heathen make his glowing appeals kindling anew the zeal of the use of both at their idolatrous. worship in the common pagods and in their public processions when they carry friends of the mission.

their idols about. . . . There were likewise some stan- Having married he set out again for India with dards attending the procession to give the greater lustre his wife, traveling through Holland and England. to so solemn an act and formality.

The whole pageantry being thus mustered up, the sacra- King George I received him, and the East India ment of baptism was ministered to those ignorant wretches without as much as asking them one question about the Company gave him a free passage to India. The substance of these transactions. Being sprinkled one after English king afterwards-in 1717-wrote to another they were led back in the same pompous manner; Ziegenbalg at Tranquebar a kindly and sympa- the aforesaid father ordering abundance of cass-a very thetic letter. small coin, 80 whereof make one !ano, to be thrown among the people as they went home. And these sorry perform- At Tranquebar Ziegenbalg labored with untir- ances whereby they make daily additions to the Church ing energy for two more years. On the 23rd of of Rome, are extolled by them as extraordinary acts of February, 1719, he died; his age was only thirtydevotion, and their church set out as the most flourishing of all others. six. The peace of God rested upon him. Sud- denly he put his hands to his eyes and exclaimed The following is the scheme containing the "How is it so bright as if the sun shone into my whole management .of the Malabar children at face ?" Then at his request they sang to him, Tranquebar : with the accompaniment of the violin, his favor- From 6 to 7 a. m. One of the missionaries says prayers ite hymn, Jesus meine Zuversicht (Jesus my conwith the children and the catechumens and expounds the fidence). The chords seemed to revive him, and catechism. his spirit passed away.

From 7 to 9 are the ordinary school hours. Part of In 1849 Dr. Alexander Duff visited the spot. this time is also used in preparing candidates for baptism. "I mounted the pulpit of Ziegenbalg's church," Likewise some boys are put to knitting in cotton.

From 9 to 11 the children continue their schooling. Some says Dr. Duff, "and with no ordinary emotion catechumens, being boys or men are instructed. The gazed around from the position from which Ziegwomen and girls are employed about knitting. enbalg and Grundler and Schwartz so often pro- claimed free salvation to thousands in Tamil, From 11 to 12 the children have dinner with such German, Danish and Portuguese. At the end of catechumens as cannot maintain themselves. Those catechumens whose relatives have deprived them of all neces- saries receive 15 cass apiece. The same is allowed them the wings on either side of a plain altar, lie the also for supper. mortal remains of Ziegenbalg and Grundler, two such men of brief but brilliant and immortal ca- From 12 to 1 the children have a resting hour. reer, in the mighty work of Indian evangeliza- From 1 to 2 they learn to write in the sand according to the customs of the country; but the more advanced are taught to handle the iron tool to fit them to print on tion."

leaves. The Portuguese children knit during this hour.

From 2 to 3 children at school. "Some time is spent As the result of those few years of work in with instructing the slaves in Christian knowledge. They India-1706 to 1719-Ziegenbalg left 355 Chrisare taught distinctly by themselves." The male cate- tian converts and numerous catechumens, a nachumens are knitting. From 3 to 5 children are at school. "Some time is al- tive church, the complete New Testament in lowed again to the instruction of the slaves." Tamil, a dictionary of 40,000 words, a mission From 5 to 6 "the Malabarick missionary hath all the seminary and the schools. "Certainly," says Dr. Malabarick youth, together with the catechumens before Duff, "he was a great missionary, considering hi.m, and goes over with them a part of the Christian re- that he was the first; inferior to none, scarcely ligion, and thus concludes the ordinary lessons of the day." second to any that followed him." The ancient volume which narrates his work in India ends The same is done by the Portuguese missionary in the Portuguese school where are now present catechumens, children and slaves. with these words: "John XV.16. I have chosen you and ordained you that you should go and From 6 to 7 some entertainment is given to the children: bring forth fruit, and that your fruit should rethe masters retire with them to "the leads of the house," main." and histories or natural occurrences are related to them or hymns are sung, &c. By J. HUDSON TAYLOR IP·· Founder of the China Inland Mission The occasion which called forth this letter, over forty ~oofudledfemnsiser,epwrheesreenbtyouarnoMthaesrtemr, iwghhtosbee oiwnnjurdeisd~ yea~s a~o, arose out of a "time of excitement in many statIOns III the Yangtze Valley." The hostility was main- tmct command to His disciples was "Resist not ly against certain Roman Catholic foundling institutions. evil; but whosoever shall smite thee'on thy right "An emissary of the Roman Catholics" brought four babies cheek, turn to him the other also." to Wusueh to be taken by steamer to Kiukiang. The peo- Third, if it would not be consistent for us to ipl!l-et,hbeeilrieinvdiniggntahtiaotnt,hseeipzeodoralnidttlme uthrdinergesdwaerWe etsolebyeankimlliesd~ use weapons for our own defense, should we leave our stations for such places as are, or can be, desIOnary who was waiting for a steamer; they also killed fended by the officers of our respective governa Customs House officer who tried to effect a rescue. ments? It seems to me that there are several There was fear that one of China's secret soCieties might important reasons against taking this course, un- less absolutely compelled to do so. make further trouble. (a) We are in our stations at God's command T~E ~resent time seems opportune for con- and as His ambassadors, and therefore have both sIdermg the course that we as mission- promise of, and claim to, His protection. Many of aries should adopt in times of excitement us hav~ gone to pl~ces far removed from foreign protectIOn on thIS very ground. Our risen and danger. Saviour has told us that all power has been com- First, let me remind you of the importance of mitted unto Him; and that, because this is so, we are to go everywhere, reckoning His unfailing the command not to speak evil of dignities, but presence better defense than that which the arm on the contrary to pray for those in authority. ?f fl~sh can provide. We have a rare opportunity ~h~ rulers of this land have often a difficult path; m bmes of danger of proving His promises for It IS not easy for them to take our part against ourselves, and before our converts. their own people. We do well to pray that they ~ay have courage and wisdom to act firmly and (b) We are continually encouraging our con- Justly. Such prayers should be public as well as verts to brave persecution and to suffer loss for private. Much may depend on their finding that ~~rist's sake, and they are very apt to think that Christianity promotes loyalty to the powers that It IS easy for us to speak in this way, seeing that, be, and the giving of honor to those to whom it is as far as they can tell, we are well-to-do and exdue. aipnnosddeadjnugtdoegrentohfoedyranwthgielelmrmsoearlrvlkeossvse.hroywWclhfoaeserniywtoheuerrne~aowlnleyduabcrete~ Second, we do well to recognize that we are not here as representatives of Western powers, and lieve that that our duties do not correspond with theirs. We are here as witnesses and representatives of the Sufficient is his arm alone and our defense is sure. Lord Jesus Christ. "As my Father hath sent me, even so send I you." Once, disciples mistakenly What a loss it would be if any of them should would have called down fire from heaven to think that we cared more for our property than avenge the Master Himself; but He rebuked them for their souls, or relied more upon a gunboat or and said, "Ye know not what manner of spirit ye a band of soldiers than upon the living God! are of. For the Son of man is not come to de- Years of teaching would not impress them as our stroy men's lives, but to save them." Again when conduct at such times may do. Moreover, their the soldiers would arrest our Lord, one of His dis- sympathy will be drawn out for us when they see ciples drew his sword in His defense, but our us willing to suffer for the Gospel, as they so often Saviour said, "Put up again thy sword into his hav~ to do. .~ time of danger is a grand opporplace; for all they that take the sword shall per- tumty for bemg an object lesson to the native ish with the sword. Thinkest thou that I cannot Christians. now pray to my Father, and he shall presently give me more than twelve legions of angels?" We (c) The moral effect of our action upon the may safely conclude that our use of any weapon • A letter to the missionaries of the China Inland Mission in 1891 Published in China's Millions, April, 1932. .

[357 ] heathen will, to a considerable extent, be the same We conclude, then, that the right course, and as upon the converts. A calm and confident de- the best policy alike, is to remain at our posts meanor will go far to disarm suspicion. The peo- whenever this is possible. We may well rejoice ple will not be slow to observe that we are not that it is so, and that duty does not require the afraid, and to conclude that we have no reason suspension of our work; .for life is short, and daily to be. But if we flee, they are sure to conclude people are dying without God. We have a glorithat we are guilty of some of the charges brought ous message to proclaimagainst us, and will be emboldened to attack and loot or destroy our premises. Even a dog will run Tell it out among the people that the Lord is King after you if you run away from him! -and never can we tell it so well as when our Some of the older members of our Mission have own hearts are resting and rejoicing in it in the passed through more serious times of excitement midst of danger. At such times faces will witness than the present. We have never at such times unmistakably for our Master, and our Rock will retired from a station; and though holding the be seen to be not as their rock, even our enemies fort has not always secured us against a riot, it being judges. has often done so, and has proved abundantly fruitful in strengthening the faith of our native A holy joy in God is a far better protector than converts. a revolver. The one might inspire fear and hate; the other will suggest innocence, and tend to in- An objection may arise in some minds that we spire faith in us and in our message. It may not are directed, if persecuted in one city, to flee to always bring deliverance-our Master was crucianother; to which we would reply that we are fied and Stephen was stoned; but blessings infinot to flee through fear of possible persecution. nitely greater than could otherwise have been If the Lord suffers us to be driven away, as St. achieved were the result. Paul so frequently was, the responsibility will then rest with Him; and He will surely work out There is something better than protection; but His own purposes through the trial. But let us the martyr's crown is prepared for few, and such not retire from fear of loss or danger, and by so are prepared for it. To us is given the dignity of doing perhaps leave our Master's sheep just when being ambassadors for the King of Kings; all His they most need the shepherd's presence and care. power is at all times behind us. We may there- fore boldly say, "The Lord is on my side; I will not fear; what can man do unto me?"

A 'Testimony from the Emperor of Abyssinia Some writers apparently regard it as their mission to prove the impracticability of any scheme of world evangelization, also to hold up to ridicule mistakes that foreign missionaries have seemed to make. Attacking foreign missions as valueless and futile has become, in cer- tain quarters, more or less of a fad.

A view of this work from the other side comes from one whose country has been a re- cipient of the advantages growing out of Christian evangelizing effort. The newly crowned ruler of Abyssinia has no doubts as to the success or the value of this kind of work. He has expressed his heart-felt gratitude "for all the good that the American missions have done for us." He particularly refers to the spread of the Word of God and to the work of the medical missionaries. He mentions the help the doctors have brought to members of his own family, and to the fact that they have given "the blessing of health and strength to thousands of my poor people."

This is refreshing testimony. One could not be in better position to judge the imme- diate advantages of missionary work in a country than this Abyssinian monarch who is an intelligent and observing man.

The Abyssinian emperor has not only given a valuable testimony concerning the worth of foreign missions but has given evidence of the faithfulness of the missionaries who brought the Bible and a spiritual type of Christianity and the hospital to this isolated people. The workers who have gone to that field have been wise in their approach and tact- ful as well as faithful in their ministry.

Hundred Years in West Africa*

By W. REGINALD WHEELER, New York I~"

West Africa Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions A SMALL, leather-bound volume contains the people gathering every Sunday to hear the Word of God. ~ minutes of the Executive Committee of the Western Foreign Missionary Society, The cry for help goes out to the Church to- day in the appeal of the West Africa Mission in written by hand, and evidently by the secretary Cameroun: of the society, Elisha P. Swift, "the Father and Founder of our Presbyterian foreign mission "Our hearts are torn in our concern for the work." The first entry is dated November 1, work. We tear aside the veil of our silence and 1831; the last March 10, 1837. The minutes thus speak-not for ourselves, but for the cause of the span the life of the society which was the fore- Kingdom and its coming in West Africa. The runner of the Foreign Board and the first foreign burden has grown beyond us. We shall bear it as Presbyterian missionary organization of the best we can. Our spirits shall not fail while the Church. Lord is on our side. But we believe that He wants us to speak clearly and say, 'We need men!' . . . At the second meeting of the Executive Com- The voice of David Livingstone is still sounding mittee, held November 9, 1831, approval was in our ears, 'Can the love of Christ not carry the given to despatch a mission that year, if possible, missionary where the slave trade carries the to Central Africa; in January, 1833, the first for- slaver?' Young men and women answered then; eign missionary of the Church sailed for Africa, and we believe they will answer now. We want and since then there has been a steady succession them. We need them-now." of those who have followed to West African shores. A word often heard in Cameroun is "akeva"- meaning "thank you." It is used when anyone First the work was planted in Liberia, and receives a gift or a favor. Bulu Christians say after two generations was turned over to the na- in their prayers: "Akeva Zambe," "We thank tive churches and to the Methodist Episcopal Thee, 0 God." Board. The Presbyterian missionaries and appropriations were transferred to Cameroun and During the past year this word akeva has been Spanish Guinea. In 1850 work was begun in the used in a new sense. The Christian Bulus heard Island of Corisco; in 1865 a station was opened that in America the Christians celebrated Thanksin Benito, Spanish Guinea, north uf Corisco; in giving and decided that they ought to have a 1870 the mission took over the work of the Ameri- thanksgiving in Cameroun. One chief, a Chriscan Board at Baraka, in French Gaboon, and in tian, said "The' event for which we are most 1892 Dr. A. C. Good made an inland expedition thankful is the coming of 'Nkoto' (Dr. A. C. into Cameroun, located the first inland station at Good), who came into our forests in 1892, bring- Efulan and blazed the way for the establishment ing the words of God and releasing us from the of the chain of stations that dot the forests of slavery and bondage of evil through the grace and what is now Cameroun. power of those words. Let us celebrate each year on October 8 the anniversary of the coming of – Today there are, in these forests, over ninety Dr. Good into Cameroun, bringing the words of missionaries of the Presbyterian Church, with a God." Thus Thanksgiving Day has been estabnative force of teachers and ministers of over lished in Cameroun and the words "Akeva 1,500, working with a communicant membership Zambe" have a new significance. of over 34,000, with over 40,000 children enrolled in the schools, with hospitals and dispensaries In reviewing the work of the West Africa Mistreating 51,000 patients every year, with a print- sion for the past year we see that the service of ing press turning out 4,804,825 pages of Chris- the pioneers has borne rich fruit and the call for tian literature, and with an average of 118,820 volunteers has been heard-for which we thank God and take courage. • From The Presbyterian Magazine.

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First, because this year the Christian Church in who come for treatment and care at the mission Cameroun has had the largest enrolment in its dispensaries and hospitals. The missionaries are history-nearly 35,000 communicant members. under great strain in trying to meet the needs of The Christian constituency is larger than that these sheep of the African forest, and we know for on an average 118,000 of these black Chris- with what joy they welcome reinforcements.

tians come each Sunday to worship God. Forty More than twice as many young people volun- years ago there was not one native Christian in teered last year for service in Africa as the Board that country. These Bulu Christians overcome (on account of financial limitations and the needs greater temptations and meet with greater diffi- of other missions) could send. But thanks be to culties in attaining church membership than do God for the six new missionaries that reached Christians in America. It is hard for them, so the Mission during the year.

newly come up out of the superstition and Finally we say "Akeva Zambe" because during savagery of their old life, to win their places in this year goals have been reached and work be- the church. One of these aspirants to church gun that for many years have been in the hearts membership wrote me, when I was in Cameroun, and prayers of the Mission. The founders of the a letter which in translation reads: work, 100 years ago, hoped to establish a chain Our Father: I beg to tell you that I believed God ten of stations and out-stations along the coast to times, but never went ahead. And now I have been newly the Congo. This year the Board approved of written (reinstated in the inquirers' class) and I wish you opening an out-station at Yokoduma, 30 miles to pray to God for me in this matter. I want you to west of the Moyen Congo in the easternmost secremember this matter across the sea always, because it tion of Cameroun, so that now a chain of stations is a shame to my heart. Greetings. and out-stations stretches from the coast to the Congo River Valley. Approval has also been given Thanks be to God for these thousands of Bulu to enter the interior of Spanish Guinea, an old Christians who have been newly written as in- field, south of Cameroun. The Mission still owns quirers and church members.

In the second place we say "Akeva Zambe" for residential property in Benito and Mr. and Mrs.

the reinforcements that have been sent to the McNeill have been assigned to this work.

Mission during the year. Each Mission has its "Akeva Zambe"-Thanks be to God for the particular strain tha,t must be met. The strain 35,000 members of the Church in Cameroun; for of the work in Africa comes from its very suc- the reinforcements that have joined the Mission; cess. It is the difficulty of trying to minister to for the fulfillment of the hopes and dreams of the thousands of Christians and those who wish to pioneers. "Akeva Zambe"-Thanks be to God join the "Tribe of God," to the more than 40,000 Who always leadeth us in triumph in Christ if we pupils in the Mission schools, to the thousands will follow Him. .

A VILLAGE WHERE THE MISSIONARIES ARE WORKING IN CAMEROUN. WEST AFRICA

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO OUR SUMMER SURVEY kitchen ceiling when the pro- 3. To consider how that power is gram is so festooned with them finding effective expression in the While fields lie fallowing, pro- that it would pass for old lace? world-wide enterprise of Christian cesses essential to future growth missions. are going on within the soil. And again, there is the matter Similarly the leisure time in of remodeling, deoorating and 4. To discover what this enterprise summer may well be made a sea- changing the furnitur,e. Why must become in the immediate future son of quiet assembling of plans freshen walls and draperies and and what they as individuals must be, for another year's missionary give your family the tonic of and what they must do, to deepen its endeavor. Whether the first seeing the sofa where the secre- spirit and direct its progress. autumn meeting initiates a new tary used to be when "the way year book or schedule (as is fre- we've always done it before" is Are you reading the books quently the case), or whether it the last court of appeal in the that will put you in touch with merely marks the emphasis of a management of your church af- down-to-date thought and adfresh beginning, it should be the fairs? ministrative plans? The slack efflorescence of summer re- season of summer is your opsearch and planning. Why not How about the reorganization portunity. Watch the columns start the preliminaries now with of your household along modern of Our Missionary Bookshelf in efficiency lines? Are you, as THE REVIEW, to find what is best SPRING HOUSECLEANING minister or leader, trying to worth your attention. Several wipe out the invidious lines be- of these are: The great annual festival of tween "home" and "foreign," American housewives is already and earnestly cultivating inter- "The Challenge of Change," upon us and the attack on the national friendship and world- by John M. Moore, 60 cents in winter's debris is well under consciousness? What are you paper; "Missions Matching the way. Let us not as Christian doing in your community to dis- Hour," by Stephen J. Corey, 50 workers make the mistake in place the race prejudice which cents; "Liberating the Lay emphasis of restricting the at- is now one of the greatest ob- Forces of Christianity," by John tack with vacuum cleaner and stacles to the progress of the R. Mott, $2.00; "The Presentpaint brush to mere things, Gospel at home and abroad? Day Summons to the World when it is more sorely needed in Mission of Christianity" (which missionary organizations and ATTENTION PASTORS! Dr. Grose, editor of Missions., even in pastoral methods. First calls "a Magnum Opus in misthere is the matter of sorting Are you awake to the fact sionary literature"), by the same out for the rubbish heap. Why that the survival of the mission- author, $2.50; "An Unscaled relegate to attic or alley the out- ary enterprise hinges upon the Peak," by E. Stanley Jones, of-date furnishings but sacredly alacrity with which its objec- $1.50; "God's World," by Corpreserve mission-circle methods tives and revised plans are in- nelius H. Patton, $2.00; "The of serving up programs, recruit- tegrated to the problems of our Foreign Missionary," by Arthur ing the membership, handling perplexed world today? As was J. Brown, $2.00; "The Church the finances, extending mission- stated by B. Fay Campbell and Missions," Robert E. Speer. ary interest among the younger among the objectives of the Stugeneration, etc., that are string- dent Volunteer Conference held SCANNING STUDY BOOKS halt with inefficiency? at Buffalo a few months ago, it is necessary This should be done early Next comes the attack upon with a view to making the most accumulated dust. Why sniff 1. To see a comprehensive view of of them in Schools of Missions about for the mildew of the the world today with its momentous during the coming season; basbasement but complacently tol- forces-social, intellectual, economic ing programs on them in your erate in the missionary meeting and spiritual-which everywhere con- several local organizations; havan atmosphere that is heavy dition and color human life. ing them presented at the prowith the must of ages? Why gram meetings as book reviews; sweep the cobwebs from the 2. To consider the extent to which promoting plans for their home Jesus is attracting to Himself the "at- reading, etc. Your Methods tention and admiration of the world Editor has now in hand a num- and is demonstrating His unique ber of new but well-attested power to bring life to individuals and to society.

[361 ]

plans for their use which she the invitations to which may be tries, especially in the matter of the will release in the near future. post cards with pictures of bridal veil. Watch this department for brides or bridal bouquets pasted down-to-date materials and de- on them. Have the devotional Philippines: All-American costume vices. See also article on "Best service on "'Broidery Work," as as likely as not. Otherwise, a long, Books on the American Indian" befits thoughts of hope chests slightly flared skirt not over a yard (July issue). and new homes. Then introduce wide, tapered in at hips; long, square- costumed brides from Japan, cut train looped up and tucked into MATERIALS AND IDEAS China, India, etc., each imperso- waistband at one side; a gauzy, wiry- nator telling her own story. As cloth jacket (over embroidered under- This is usually possible for a climax serve a bride's cake garment) with low neck and elbow higher efficiency and larger re- made like a huge Jack Horner sleeves; diaphanous neckerchief foldsults. A prime essential is the Pie-an imitation pie in a deep ed three-cornered, brought loosely assembling, classifying and in- pan with a brown paper over the around shoulders and crossed over dexing of missionary materials top for a crust, strings, protrud- bust. Dainty colors with elaborate for ready use. No; large en- ing through slits in this crust, embroidery (which may be cut-out velopes won't do. You need a being pulled simultaneously, re- flowers, etc., appliqued on swiss or letter file of stout manila paper, leasing slips of paper tied on cheesecloth). Always a veil. opening fan-fashion and con- their inner ends, each slip beartaining indexed par tit ion s. ing a suitable fact to be read by Chinese: Narrow red skirt (some- Hearken to a secret: The Meth- its recipient. These facts may times loose trousers instead); red, ods Editor's "sanctum" is as well bear on the ministrations of richly-embroidered jacket; either modimaginary as the equatorial line, Christian missionaries to the ig- ern veil on head or more ancient headbut like the latter, it marks a norance and suffering of women dress consisting of wire frame shaped reality. A photograph of the in non-Christian lands. At the somewhat like a crown and strung "sanctum" would reveal a port- close serve appropriate refresh- with pearls, dangling ornaments of able typewriter with a 12 x 18 ments–orangeade and bits of same over face. Sandals or slippers. letter file beside it; a neat file of cake tied up in white paper with denominational missionary mag- Assamese: Straight c lot h skirt azines and, of course, several narrow ribbon. * about two yards wide, not gathered volumes of THE REVIEW. From at waist but folded over at middle of sources all the way from cur- Mrs. D. G. Dunkin, of the Bap- front and pinned securely. Over this rent magazines to personal cor- tist Church at Warsaw, Indiana, is wound a long mekla or scarf, respondence comes the prov- writes: brought first rather snugly around the ender for the hungry file. Run abdomen, then up around the bust, your eye down the indices and Several of our members represented the end thrown gracefully over the read: Administrative P I a n s; brides from other countries and told shoulder. Shawl about four yards long Benevolences; Budget-raising; of marriage customs, in some cases brought loosely around head so as to Stewardship; Devotionals; Ex- describing their own weddings. The fall together over face when necesercises; Dramatics; Mis s ion devotional, based on the parable of sary, then allowed to fall down and Study, and so on through the the Ten Virgins, was entitled "Pre- be caught up gracefully over arms, alphabet to XYZ, in whose pared Wedding Guests." The roll call right end thrown over opposite shoulhinterland are the catalogues response co~sisted of verses of Scrip- der. All cloth of gay colors with elaband year books. Pause right ture concerning love, the Church the orate embroidery on margin (may be here until you secure this in- Bride of Christ, husbands loving their gimp basted on). Foundation undervaluable helper. Then keep it wives as Christ has loved the Church, garment worn by Christians. Sandals in neighborly proximity to a etc. Following the program an imi- or bare feet. complete file of THE REVIEW in tation wedding cake was passed whose Efficient Ways of Work- around from which were drawn pink India: Bright, embroidered, loose ing columns you will surely find ribbon bows to whose ends were tied jacket coming below bust or to waist; a storehouse of suggestions slips of paper containing facts about long sari or sash (wide strip of beauworth preserving. See whether the lot of women in less favored lands. tiful cloth) brought around body to you ever thought of the way of The unusual attendance at this meet- form skirt, with upper margins tied having your committee plan a ing was due in a large measure to the together in front and cloth bunched year's programs, or of the de- poster displayed in the vestibule two at center of front and back to afford vices for activating them, that weeks previously-a sheet of pink and fullness; then wound loosely around will be reported in our July white mottled cardboard bordered bust and up over head so as to drop issue. with roses cut from flower catalogues, over face when desired; end thrown the announcement in the center read- over shoulder. Underskirt worn by VALUES OF JUNE BRIDES ing: "June Brides from Other Lands Christians, and veil likely to replace Will Greet You"-Followed by an- head-folds of sari. Delightful variety is afforded nouncement of time and place. by announcing a Bridal Meeting, Japan: Elaborate head-dress-sil- HOW TO MAKE THE COSTUMES ver hair-pins at temples, tortoise-shell elsewhere; pieces of gold, silver, red Inexpensive bridal costumes may be and white paper used conspicuously improvised, bearing in mind that in- to decorate hair; thin, pinkish silk stead of a single standardized style in cloth over forehead as "horn-conceal- a given country, there may be consid- er," symbolizing meek, docile disposi- erable variation due to caste or sta- tion. Foundation undergarment of tion, and also that American features white, over that one of crimson, and are rapidly being adopted in all coun- over all voluminous, kimono-type drap- ery of beautifully embroidered crim- • Adapted from The Star in the East. son silk. Heavy-fabric, white girdle with gilt cord around it, silver vanity case dangling from girdle. The bridal robe is patterned with waves (typify- ing peace) and storks or tortoises standing for serenity and repose. Fan with lacquered frame and crimson tassel.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

THE FLORIDA CHAIN It was especially important to 2. To strengthen the church for a fresh start on the old road heaven- During the past winter a find someone who could under- ward "according to the Scriptures." Chain of Missionary Assemblies take the planning and direction of these Assemblies; also an 3. To present the international program called "Foreign Missions" was stretched across Florida. Advisory Committee on which which originated in the heart of God, for all nations which are "without One who attended them called would be outstanding mission- God and without hope." ary leaders. A State Chairman these assemblies the most re- was secured to carryon the 4. To declare again His full mesmarkable series of meetings he sage and to show results which prove had ever known. Dr. Robert E. lines of work essential to effi- the truth and power of the Cross of Speer suggests that the plan cient organization of local Christ today; to change the hearts and desires of men. might well be followed in other centers; the rapid tour from states. We have therefore asked city to city; the careful attention In addition to the general As- Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, the to finances; the program and semblies there were also mis- Advisory Chairman, to describe publicity. Florida was fortunate sionary addresses at the high how the Ass e m b lie s were in having exactly the right schools, colleges, out – of – door planned for and promoted, in leader for this in Miss B. Louise forums, men's clubs of various order that others may carry out Woodford, of St. Petersburg, kinds, women's clubs, Chambers similar plans elsewhere. Florida. of Commerce and other groups that do not often listen to ad- The Florida Chain of Mission- From the first session the As- dresses on such subjects. ary Assemblies was suggested semblies have been a success; all by the fact that two Schools of expenses were met; exceptional The local daily papers gave Missions were meeting in the programs were presented with remarkable attention to the Asstate, one having been started in lectures on the study books for semblies, often featuring an- DeLand seventeen years ago and the year. The program also in- nouncements, addresses and picanother in St. Petersburg twelve cluded Bible study, prayer serv- tures on the front page. years ago. It seemed a pity not ices, and, this year, a "spiritual to extend the blessing of such clinic." Great missionary ad- An idea of the character and schools throughout the state and dresses have reached over 150,- worth of the programs may be the nation, since people from 000 people. The registration gained by a mention of a few thirty or forty states were reg- card admitted to all sessions; of the program features. Dr. istered at the two schools. evening and Sunday sessions Robert E. Speer, who had never Speakers from the north and were free and offerings were before visited Florida, was welfrom the mission fields who taken. The small registration comed in every center by great came to bring the great mission- fee. of fifty cents and a dollar, audiences eager t@ hear his ary message were easily per- according to the length of the marvellous message. Mrs. F. I. suaded to extend their services Assembly (from two to six Johnson taught the book on to other centers. days) covered expenses. No ap- China with an effectiveness peals were made for funds. The born of her recent trip around Florida, with winter visitors general appeal was to build up the world. Missionaries who from every section of the coun- the work of Christ through the brought vivid pictures from try, offers a great field for this great mission boards, which are their fields at home and abroad experiment, but many have in- suffering in these days of de- reached the hearts of their quired whether it might not be pression. hearers through their own extried in other sections. In periences in proof of the pow- Florida, local committees are It was difficult to find er of the Gospel. organized in eight centers, and churches large enough to accomvisitors with leisure welcome re- modate the crowds. It was said Great groups of young people lief from idleness .and sports that the working of the Holy and register for the popular As- Spirit was plainly manifest "on gathered in every center to lissemblies. the Florida Road" during these ten to these speakers. Lunch- days of intensive prayer and . eons were given; homes were It seemed important to reach study. In several of the places out to the uninformed and those it was suggested that if the opened; men on the street and in the press spoke of the value of this international Christian demonstration.

who might-be prejudiced against team could remain for another Not least in spiritual potenforeign missions. A great ma- week the evangelistic fires tialities were the "spiritual clinjority readily acknowledge the would begin to burn as of old. ics" held each day in connecneed and value of home mis- The objectives of the Assemblies tion with the Assemblies, which sions, and this branch of the brought together for prayer and work has not been neglected in reveal their reliance upon the discussion larger groups than Source of Power. These may the Assemblies. Strong pre- be stated briefly: were found at the morning sentations have been made of 1. To set against gross materialism prayer services. Here all took and paganism in this land the simthe work in the mountains and part in prayer and discussion among our American Indians, plicity and spirituality of the message concerning the maladies which through vital speakers. of our Lord Jesus Christ. affect the work of the Church

today:-pernicious anemia that a cut-out invitation, crayoned game for every meeting help can be cured only by blood like the homes that group lives to keep the sessions interesting. transfusion; contagious diseases in may be made from brown If a group is too large to have of youth contracted through paper. all its members playing the dangerous germs in literature same game, appoint several and moving pictures; heart fail- If a poster is used, make sure children as sub-leaders for a ures, sleeping sickness and par- it is complete with details of variety of games. tial blindness. time, place, purpose, attractive design, etc., as well as "You Above everything, don't lose The question was often asked are invited." sight of your missionary goal, in the Assemblies, "Why can- nor allow anything to take the not this be done in other When supplies are to be con- place of your missionary instates 7" While Florida, with its tributed, instead of each child struction. large group of winter visitors, bringing one small gift, have a offers a maximum opportunity, box made to represent the art- A TEMPERANCE PAGEANT we believe a great work might icle of larger gift-say a clock be accomplished in groups of for school or mission. Then Requests have come at differstates organized along similar each child may place a coin in ent times from a number of peolines. For instance, a call has the box. If for Christmas gifts, ple for dramatic material come from Ohio, Kentucky and a summer tree on the lawn may through which women's mis- Tennessee, which might extend be decorated and gifts tied on, sionary societies and laymen's to West Virginia, Virginia and the accompanying meeting be- organizations within the church Georgia. If the boards will ing held out doors near this may present temperance as a send their best mIssIonary tree. Have the children write part of the world-wide missionspeakers, as they have done for personal notes to go with all ary task. Two prominent lead- Florida, to make a comprehen- the articles in boxes for mission ers have specifically asked for sive world program, there will centers. the publication of a splendid be a demonstration of "the pageant by Mrs. Middlebrook, Church on the March" which Let the children whose birth- Civics Chairman of the Womwill go far toward solving the days fall in a month be respon- an's Baptist Mission Society in perplexing problems of the sible for the program of that Southern California. world today. month. If there should be too many for one month, let them In this presentation, the part PLANS FOR JUNIORS choose the month on which they of the minister is taken by an prefer to help. And be sure the impersonator of Columbia; of By LELIA B. TAYLOR juniors care for the treat-very the groom by "Patriotic Citi- simple but suggestive of· the zen" . of the bride by "Miss Bureau Secretary for the Meth- particular month. Eighteenth Amendment" ; the odist Woman's Home Mis- flower girl by "Young Amer- sionary Society Have children make a scrap ica'" the ring or ballot bearer, book for each year's study, and "My' Vote" ; the policeman, There is something friendly teach them to have missionary "Law Enforcement"; the uninabout an invitation. Let the eyes as they look through mag- vited guest, "John Barleycorn," children make invitations at the azines. If you get too much etc., there being also the parclose of a meeting, or have sev- material, make two books, send- ents of the bride, and, as eral of them make invitations ing one to the mission under guests, Church, School, Labor, at home. Give each child three consideration. Make villages Capital, Home, Next Generainvitations to deliver, as they suitable for the group you are tion, Army. Navy, Color-Bearget to know each other better studying, asking the children to er Legislation and Nineteenth through the visit. There are help at each meeting, so they A{uendment. The pageant is good devices for holiday, church will be furnished with activity forceful, highly devotional and day, study text or regular and participation. truly dramatic. Those who have monthly invitations. If using seen it declare it one of the best the study text as a basis, be Have the juniors take care of missionary – temperance presensure to plan all at the same the meetings. They should serve tations which has yet appeared, time, for serial value, though in offices and on committees; and one more likely to attract the plans are to be activated but all must submit their plans the attention of the luke-warm later. Umbrellas are good for to the adult leader before the or uninterested than would ser- April, blossoms for May, etc. A meeting. mon or address. card cut in the shape of your particular state or county fur- Act the parts of the mission- The pageant, called "The Patriotic Wednishes a good device for fixa- ary stories to make them real. tion in the junior's mind. If ding," with full directions for its staging, may you are studying race groups, Make sure each child has at least one part on the program be obtained from L. R. Middlebrook, 2744 in each year. A governed play- time at the close of a meeting, Columbia Street, San Diego, California. Price nationality games and some new 30 cents per single copy.

Women"s Home and Foreign

ANNE SEESHOLTZ, 105 EAST TWENTy-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK; COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK; FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA CHRISTIANITY AND EDUCA- THE IMPERATIVE OF THE disturbs the whole life of the TION IN CHINA MOMENT institution. Some of its ablest CAN THE CRISIS BE MET? The teaching of the natural teachers will feel obliged to ac- and physical sciences at Yench- cept tempting offers they have Can the alleged conflict be- ing is dependent upon the in- hitherto refused. The situation tween science and religion be come from a very small endow- demands prompt action. demonstrated as unwarranted by the facts? Can we prove ment fund and annual grants We have emphasized above, that the modern sciences can be thoroughly taught, students from two trust funds. One of as central in all our thinking trained to do their own thinking in scientific fashion, re- these grants expires June 30, about Yenching, the bearing of search advanced, the fact-finding attitude of mind developed 1932. If the University can se- this problem upon the cause of in brilliant young Chinese men and women-and all this by cure before that time $500,000, Christianity. Need we emphasize Christian teachers in a Christian environment and so as as a partial endowment of the other vital aspects of the questo result in justifying and strengthening the religious spir- physical sciences, an additional tion? Yenching, for instance, it in the youth of China? $500,000 is offered to match this is training young men and This done, the tremendous influence upon the direction of gift. The income from the women in the pre-medical sci- China's future development cannot be over-estimated. This not $1,000,000 is absolutely essen- ences. It is one of the prindone, the sequel will be calamitous. tial to enable the University to cipal centers where those are meet the budget of the physical trained, who, after later thor- sciences. Without this income ough medical education, are to the whole division of the sci- become the leaders in the medi- ences will be without the means cal profession and in meeting of support and must collapse. the problems of public health for More than a year has passed China. From a purely human- since this conditional offer was itarian point of view it would made. Adverse financial condi- be disastrous to permit a fail- tions in America have prevent- ure in the division of the physi- ed the University from meeting cal sciences of the University.

YENCHING UNIVERSITY IS TO the condition. It must be met But from another point of view, – BE THE TEST in full by June 30, 1932. The also, this would be a human dis- The natural sciences are more decision between a completely aster. Scientists must be trained highly developed at Yenching victorious demonstration – the to be the vanguard in the eco- teaching of the physical sci- nomic rehabilitation of China. University than at any other ences within the encompassing Modern industry depends fun- Christian institution in China. spiritual ideals of a great Chris- .damentally upon scientific re- It has an able faculty in this tian University on the one hand search and technique. Nowhere group of subjects and a splen- -and the failure of such a else are men and women being did body of students, many of demonstration, with the result- trained with equal thorough- these being post-graduates. The ing apparerit defeat of the ness within a Christian environ- test of the adequate teaching of Christian ideal and all the con- ment to constitute this scientific science and scientific research sequences of such a defeat in vanguard in the industrial re- in a Christian environment is present-day China, rests upon vival of China.

proceeding at Yehching to the the question whether friends This is a challenge to every satisfaction of all who believe will provide it with $250,000 be- Christian man and woman of that the spiritual life can em- fore June 30, 1932, and another means who believes in the brace all aspects of life-includ- $250,000 shortly thereafter. world-wide compass of the ing scientific study and re- But pledges must be secured Christian view of life and in search. in the next few months. As- the supreme importance of hav- But a catastrophe threatens surances must be given to ing this Christian view demon- this experiment. teachers and students that the – strated in China.

As so often happens, the University will not fail them Will you consider yourself one catastrophe threatens solely from the side of financial sup- after the session 1931-32. Oth- of those prepared to aid in port. erwise unrest and uneasiness meeting this challenge?

[365 ]

MIGRANTS "IN OYSTERS" What are they doing in Heaven today only the immediate family, but Where sin and sorrow are all passed Adapted from Report by always there were aunts, uncles Helen Hunter away And joy flows like a river they say and cousins who lived there too. Darkness had begun to settle Oh, what are they doing today? over the little oyster community Just a little while to stay here, In this little community the at Shell Pile-so named because Just a little while to wait, migrants operated four poolof great piles of oyster shells Just a little while to labor rooms, four barber shops, two saved for planting in oyster Sweeping through the pearly gates. restaurants and two tailor beds later in the season. All shops. We learned that all the the oysters were shucked for A primitive group of folk migrants are from Maryland, that day and soon the revival were those migrants we found the largest group from Crisservices would start. As we "in oysters," not only in their field, others from Cambridge, stopped in front of the church, form of worship but in their Marion Station and Fairmont. just a few feet from the rows whole manner of living. There Some of the families had been of shacks, we could hear strains was the same picture of under- at our center at Houston, Delaof music in the distance. They nourished, uncared – for little ware. About two-thirds claimed drew nearer and nearer and children in cluttered, crowded, to live in Port Norris the year then out of the darkness unclean shelters, typical of around; they pick crabs, do doemerged a great "praying band" migrant camps. Some 1,000 Ne- mestic work, berry picking and -men, women and children- gro migrants had settled for farming. The others work at swinging up the road toward the the oyster season in these two church, and as they drew nearer and three-room shacks built on their homes for a season and their chanting grew louder and posts in the marshy lands that then "follow the crops" elselouder- the water might not soak through the poorly-laid floors. where. Seldom was a shack the home of During oyster season many of THE PRAYER OF EARTH TODAY the men "go up the bay" for Thou God of Nations: clams, crabs and oysters and Hear the prayer of earth today and the remaining number, with the Even as we bow, do Thou in wisdom answer, Lord. women, work in the shucking houses. They were paid thirty Disarmament is on our lips, cents per gallon, ten quarts Is in our hearts, yea, burneth in the soul of man: equalling one gallon. The first Send to us Gabriel-send Thou the hosts of heaven gallon each week was given to Among mankind . . . Yea, come Thyself and dwell with us. the employer for payment of Right Thou the wrongs that men have failed to right carrier. When an order was re- Might hath so many seasons been enthroned, ceived, employees had to work And arrogance hath ridden on the winds night and day until it was com- More subtle to embroil than might … plete. A good shucker could Each humankind a brotherhood could know, and make six dollars and above Nations oft in kindliness conferring daily. There were six oyster Today could bring the reign of "Peace on Earth" foretold. houses, one "across the river," one on the "Peak of the Moon," Conquer, 0 Lord, our evil with Thy good . . . one at "Bival'," and three on O'erwhelm earth's bedlam with Thy "Peace be still," Shell Pile. All were independ- Nor spare the chastening rod of Thine afflictions, ent companies. Formed for erring sons of earth. Yet, as we humbly pray, We registered fifty-six chil- forgive, dren under the age of six years. Endow with noblest Wisdom earthly courts, Later we discovered three more. Right then shall rule supreme with Mercy guiding Of one hundred and thirty-nine Enlighten, even as Thou spreadest light o'er all the earth school-age children only sev- Now, here, among Thine oft-offending creatures, 0 Thou great enty-four were registered in the Creator of the Universe, exalted uppermost in human hearts, two-room public school for the Enthrone the Prince of Peace, to reign supreme for evermore! migrants and twelve in the lo- cal junior and senior high By special permission of the author, W. E. Dyer, Toronto, Canada. Copyright, school. Many reasons were giv- Canada, U. S. A. and Great Britain, 1932. en. The two-room school was crowded; parents were not co- operative; and because the mi- grant is not a taxpayer, until recently he was obliged to pay small tuition fees monthly for each child attending school and so many were kept at home "to mind" younger brothers and sis- ters, while parents worked.

WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

Some three years ago this Special offerings were taken; over him. Helen fed him cabbage leaves; Lemuel gave him water to group of Negro migrants near all kinds of supplies were prom- drink; Mary gave him an apple. He Bivalve and Port Norris, New ised. Babies' baskets, cups and Jersey was discovered. At that bowls, spoons, babies' bottles hopped around the floor and seemed very happy, though at first a little time men on the oyster ships, and the like were transferred frightened. We put him in another room while we played games. As we when asked who did the shuck- from the cranberry center at sat in a circle and sang songs, Mary ing and where they came from, Whitesbog, New Jersey to Sh~ll suggested that we bring in Bunny so replied, "Oh, when tomatoes are Pile for the oyster season. StIll he could hear us when we got on our done in Delaware and Mary- children's chairs were needed. knees and said, "Thank you, Heavenly land, we send our trucks down The ingenious Mr. Johns made Father, for our bunny." there and bring 'em up here for a few out of orange crates but oysters." Never had we forgot- more chairs were necessary and We learned to play without fighting and cheating, and to share our toys with one another.

ten this but when budgets were a good friend in Vineland heard We hated to have our nursery school close and said we hoped it made year by year there never of the need and offered a num- would open in September and never was money to make a beginning ber of children's chairs and close again. in this field. Then last Janu- tables which had been rescued ary a young Negro woman, from a church fire. The cook A TRIP TO VELLORE Miss Helen Hunter, who has stove which had lost its two worked so effectively at the mi- front legs and leaned on a tree By a Recent Visitor grant center in Houston, Dela- trunk was a warm friend on It had been from the first the ware, chanced to stop in the those blustery days when the goal of our world tour. We Council office. She needed a job. little building literally swayed had seen many interesting At once this field among the and rocked with the winds. So sights on the way. We had oyster migrants flashed across wild were the winds and so been proud of Uncle Sam when our minds. But there was no strong was the rocking that the on the Steamer President Hoovmoney. Then we remembered children played they were on er, the largest passenger ship a special unemployment fund. board a boat. ever built in the United States, we sailed through the Panama Could this fund serve a double Groups and individuals in Canal, the biggest canal ever purpose, provide a job and start Bridgeton, New Jersey, collect- built anywhere. We had seen a migrant project? Those ad- ed various supplies. In Port with delight the beauty of the Norris, the Board of Health co- mountain places in Japan. We ministering the fund saw the operated through the County had seen with sympathy the great possibilities and the first Nurse; the Baptist and Metho- tragedy and the misery of the week of February the worker dist churches helped materially. flooded district in China. We arrived at Shell Pile. A sur- Along with all the cooperation had seen over and over with vey of the situation was our there was an attitude of indif- joy the ministry of mission staplan at first but deep down in ference and hopelessness toward tions of many churches-Conher heart Miss Hunter had these migrant folk. They were gregational, Presbyterian, Methhoped to make the beginnings considered a hopelessly bad, odist, Baptist, Reformed. But blood-thirsty, drunken and law- this in VeIlore was what we of a center. Soon Mr. Johns, less group, but the persever- came especially to see. We the pastor of the Negro Metho- ance, faith and vision of Miss looked on the memorial there dist Episcopal Church, Shell Hunter, Mr. Johns and Mr. of one dear to us; we saw that Pile, grasped the situation and Smith, the African Methodist memorial bed ministering to a he said, "Oh, I visited the cen- Episcopal pastor, conquered. heroic Indian mother with a ter at Hurlock and we must From a small and difficult behave a center like that for these ginning the center developed. baby in a wicker basket at its children 'in oysters'." With him At the close of the first day foot; we heard how that young Miss Hunter knew her family mother had walked in the very we visited the families in the would soon grow for Theodore, throes of travail, mile after shacks and were heartily wel- just four, announced, "We is mile, hour after hour, to the going to stay all night with hospital where the birth, which comed as friends of Mr. Johns; you." More and more children could not come naturally, might came. The attitude toward the then to his church, and plans migrants began to change. One be received by instrumental for the center were under way. storekeeper was amazed at the treatment. The beauty of the difference in the manners of the informal welcoming service There were several rooms on the children when they came to given by the pupils of the Med- buy. Miss Hunter writes: ical and Nursing Schools, the second floor of his church which garlands hung on our necks, So very many, many events of in- the brightness and smiles and he said could be converted into terest, I wish I could tell you all. A laughter that surrounded us a center. The cooperation of big day among others when a pretty were for her sake, but came to white bunny came to visit us. We put us all. the African Methodist Episco- him in a baby basket and put netting pal, Methodist Episcopal and Baptist groups in Port Norris, Bridgeton, Vineland and neigh- boring towns brought oppor- tunities for presenting the needs of this field at local and district meetings.

We spent a morning exam- found the bus surrounded by ing, advising, comforting or mmg carefully the splendid forty or fifty patients, the doc- preaching to little companies equipment of the enlarged Med- tor examining each one careful- who were glad enough to have ical College just outside the ly, giving prescriptions to be some distraction. It was a day city, which is already so far filled by the druggists, or in- never to be forgotten. finished that its outer appear- structing relatives in cases of ance is very nearly what it will severe illness to have the pa- It was an heroic ordeal of be in full completion, .and its tient at the roadside and ready labor, patience and weariness to be taken to the hospital that for the doctors and nurses. How internal arrangements are also evening on the return of the gently they examined, one by made clear. The magnificent ambulance. It was a goodly one, all kinds of physical missite, at the base of two great sight to see the pretty, alert, ery that passed before them, hills, looks for miles over cocoa- young Tamil doctor, with a yel- did various operations, instructnut groves and rice fields far low flower in her black hair, ed parents in the care of chilinto the rich valleys and on to examining, prescribing, counsel- dren; and all the time facing the impressive mountains of ling; to see the Bible woman through the grating, while the southern India spreading before talking to the company who oil and instruments and disinus in a beauty and grandeur fectants were being prepared, that will stir the hearts of gen- were waiting their turn with this struggling, clamoring army erations of future students. the doctor; to see the readiness of lepers stretched out their of the car with its let-down arms, shouted and pushed to be We were taken by Dr. Ida S. operating table, its mats and given a place at the operating Scudder herself with other pillows, its packed drugged window. The stoic calm with American and Indian physicians shelves, prepared either for reg- which these lepers bore the painand nurses into the very heart ular work or for emergency op- ful thrust of the finger-long inof the present ministry of Vel- eration. We left it still serving jection needle, the suppressed lore to the misery, poverty and as we went on to the dispens- groan if it hurt too much, the disease which so abound in the ary out-station. women and little children among crowded, muddied Indian vil- them, are sights and sounds lages. This work has developed This we reached about 10 :30 never to be forgotten. into a combination of ambu- and found a multitude waiting, lance and dispensary service 500 to 600 people then and oth- It seemed like a direct transwith personal and Gospel min- ers coming, so that at the end planting of the Spirit and Power istry. There are five different of the day 983 had been cared of Christ in its exact repetition routes into the country district for, perhaps 600 of them being as these scarred, disfigured mulin which this work is carried lepers craving the injection of titudes reached out their arms on. It requires a carefully co- in petition, and the good physiordinated and administered or- the oil which soothes, stays and cian touched them freely, fearganization. sometimes cures the terrible dis- lessly as Christ did, and said, ease. They came from fifteen, "Be thou clean," and they were Our caravan set out in three twenty, and even thirty miles clean, or began to be so. It was sections. At 6 :30 A.M. a young away. Some had started the a day long to be remembered. American doctor with an Indian day before and spent the night on the road or sleeping on the AIDS TO STUDY nurse started for the farthest ground at the station. Throngs outpost station some twenty came from the little grass huts Those g l' 0 ups studying the of the village itself. Bullocks American Indian during this miles away. Here the greatest and bullock carts mingled pro- year will be glad to know that aggregation of patients must be miscuously with the crowd there programs and leaflets are availprescribed for and prepared for gathered. They brought men, able from the office of the Counthe ambulance. At 7 :30 the cil of Women for Home Misambulance started with an In- women and children with ter- sions. These pertain to the indian doctor and a member of rible sores or diseased eyes or terests and problems of the Inthe senior class of the college serious sickness. The pressure dian boys and girls in the nonand a Bible woman, prepared for attention was such that a reservation Government Indian to stop at previously designated two-room cabin had been pre- Boarding Schools and how they pared. At one window the pre- are being met by the Religious stations along the way for such scribing physician sat while the Work Directors who are placed patients as might have gath- throngs clamored and crowded in these schools by home mission ered there. With the ambulance upon it. At the other, the help- boards through the Home Miswas a full supply of ordinary er gave injections to the lepers sions Council and Council of drugs and two compounders as fast as the need of such was Women for Home Missions. trained in the College School of indicated by the prescribing Pharmacy. At 9 o'clock Dr. Photographs and snapshots Scudder and our party started, doctor. Here, too, during the depicting young Indians in the planning to overtake the ambu- long tedious waiting a Bible schools and on the reservations lance at some of its stops along woman and the local missionary will be loaned upon request. the way. This we did at the went through the crowds greetfirst small village, where we

CONFERENCES AND 3 Chautauqua, N. Y. (foreign)-Au- He goes not forth to proclaim gust 21-27. SCHOOLS of MISSIONS Mrs. Randall Widrig, Chautauqua, a theory or creed, but to share N. Y. a divine quest. He would be no The s e interdenominational man's conscience but· the comconferences and schools of mis- SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER panion of every man who has sions which will be held in vari- the upward look. ous parts of the country dur- Dallas, Te:1)as-September 25-0ctoing the summer and faU months bel' 3. He carries the cross of the of 1932 are places of opportun- world's sin and need which ity to those who would equip Mrs. George A. Brewer, 4301 Ed- Christ laid upon him, and he themselves for leadership in lo- mondson, Dallas, Texas. budgets himself against it. His cal church groups, and are, as body, his mind, his inner life, well, sources of inspiration and Dallas, Texas (Negro)-October 2- his heart of love, as well as his Christian fellowship. October 7. money, are all coordinated for efficient and abundant living. Mrs. C. R. Boswell, 1719 Allen St., Dallas, Texas.

HOUffton, Texas-October 12-16. Mrs. W. E. Ferguson, 1519 Haw- thorne, Houston, Texas.

JUNE-JULY Washington, D. C.-October 26-27. He will spend no more on him- Mrs. William L. Darby, 123 The self than is necessary for health Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn.-June Ontario, Washington, D. C. and efficiency and he will spend 1-5. no less, unless limited by his Baltimore, Md.-October 27-28. Mrs. J. R. Leavitt, 1693 Ashland Mrs. C. Newton Kidd, 3231 Vick- resources, than is essential to Ave., St. Paul, Minn. ers Rd., Baltimore, Md. his greatest service. His recre- Winona Lake, Ind.-June 22-28. ation and his culture, mental Mrs. Frank Jensen, 1114 W. 81st NOVEMBER St., Chicago, Ill. Warren, Ohio-November 3-4. and spiritual, are all budgeted Boulder, Colo.-June 24-31. Mrs. J. Roy Smith, 1045 S. Uni- Mrs. George Konold, 314 Scott St., toward the coming of the King- versity Boulevard, Denver, Colo. N. E., Warren, Ohio. dom of God on earth. Lake Geneva, Wis.-June 27-July 4. The dates and chairmen for the Mrs. Henry Harmeling, 6131 Florida Chain of Missionary Assem- Every follower of Christ is, Archer Ave., Chicago, Ill. blies to be held in the winter of 1933 by definition, a missionary.

Wilson College, Chambersburg, Pa. will appear in a later issue. HARRY MIDKIFF. June 28-July 6.

Miss Martha C. Hartman, 400 S. QUALIFICATIONS OF A 45th St., W., Philadelphia, Pa. MISSIONARY 1 Blue Ridge, N. C.-June 28-July 6.

Dr. W. Knighton Bloom, 933 An ideal missionary is a man Spread the Light! Spread the Light! Woodward Bldg., Washington, of God and a man of humanity. Till earth's remotest bound has heard D. C. He has that personal contact The glory of the Living Word; with reality which gives an in- Till those that see not have their 1 Silver Bay, Lake George, N. Y._ alienable sense of security and Jun~ 28-July 8. power and that affectionate re- sight; Rev. Walter Getty, 150 Fifth Ave., Till all the fringes of the night New York, N. Y. Are lifted, and the long-closed doors Mt. Hermon, Calif.-July 2-9. Mrs. W. E. Crouser, 1128 Lincoln gard for his fellows that leads Are wide for ever to the light. Ave., San Jose, Cal. Spread the Light! him to sense their needs and Northfield, Mass. (home)-July 5-12. -JOHN OXENHAM. Mrs. Virgil B. Sease, Parlin, N. J. pour himself out to meet them.

1 Asilomar, Calif.-July 5-15. His mind is not static, for it Mrs. R. W. Blosser, 222 Moncada constantly receives the pro- Way, San Francisco, Calif. gressive revelation of the Spir- Bethesda, Ohio-July 11-15. Miss Mary I. Scott, 310 Tomlinson it. "Status quo" to him is as LET US HAVE PEACE Ave., Moundsville, W. Va. abhorrent as it is to nature. The earth is weary of our foolish Northfield, Mass. (foreign)-July He realizes that the door to the wars; 12-20. Kingdom of God is not so low that he must decapitate himself Her hills and shores were shaped for Dr. Emily J. Werner, 235 E. 49th to enter it,and that it is as im- lovely thlngs, St., N~w York, N. Y. portant to grow i,ntellectually as to grow spiritually. Yet all our years are spent in bicker- 1 Seabeck, Wash.-July 26-August 5. ings Rev. Fred Grey, 6 and University, Seattle, Wash. Beneath the astonished stars. April by April laden with beauty comes, AUGUST He keeps himself sensitive to the spirit of the age that he Autumn by Autumn turns our toil to Mountain Lake Park, Md.-July 30 may interpret to it the Spirit gain, to August 5. of Eternity. His hatred of sham and his passion for right- But, hand at sword-hilt, still we start Mrs. ,Richard Hall. 420 Walnut eousness are tempered by his and strain Ave., Fairmont, W. Va. tolerant Christian love. To catch the beat of drums. Kerrville, Texas-August 10-17. With life so fair and all too short a Mrs. George A. Sprague, 319 E. lease 12th St., Dallas, Texas. Upon our special star! Nay, love and trust, 2 Chautauqua, N. Y. (home)-August 1 Conducted by Missionary Education Move- Not blood and thunder, shall redeem 14-19. ment. our dust. Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, 105 E. 22nd • Conducted by Council of Women for Home Let us have peace! St., New York, N. Y. Missions. -NANCY BYRD TURNER. • Conducted by Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions.

the entire family-14 sisters, report of the West Africa Pres-

several brothers, and in cousin byterian Mission. Average Sun- Moslem Opposition in Egypt relations, 350 children under 7 day morning attendance at the years of age. fifty-four organized churches As the result of a young Mos- totals 112,000. Of these, 91,485 lem being brought to Christ and Last May, Mohammed was are professing Christians. baptized, strong opposition to married to a graduate of the Twenty-five churches are entiremissionary work in Egypt has American Girls' College in ly self-supporting. A new brick been shown in the native news- Cairo. church is under construction at papers. In an appeal to "Brother Elat to seat a congregation of Moslems" in one newspaper the In Spite of Cuts 3,000. Forty chiefs in the Yao- Rector of AI-Azhar University unde district are ready to build declares that he received "many Most departments of the Pres- houses and chapels for teachers complaints against the acts of byterian Missions in the Congo as soon as more missionaries certain missionaries who attack have suffered a 50% cut in ap- are available. Islam in Egypt, the crown of propriations. Private contribu- Moslem countries, whose official tions of missionaries, largely out Methodist Leper Work religion is Islam." Al Siyassan of their own salaries, and the and other pUblications called generosity of some native The new leper colony, near upon the Government to prohibit friends have averted much of Minga Station, in the Methodist students from attending Chris- the injury. One native young Episcopal Congo Mission, has tian schools, and appealed to man wrote to a Luebo mission- been in operation about a year. Egyptian parents to keep their ary, saying: "I have heard that Improvement is reported in all children away from foreign your funds have been greatly cases, and several apparent schools of every kind. The claim cut. My salary this month was cures are under the special obwas made that the young man 1400 francs ($56). I am send- servation of the doctor. Daily was converted under hypnotic ing you 1000 francs and reserve sunrise prayer meetings are held influence. The question is raised 400 for my living expenses." in the neat church built by the as to what measures are to be While this is an exceptional lepers themselves, and fifteen taken "to prevent missionaries case, the spirit has been remark- are ready for baptism and to be inducing young Moslem men to ably good. The general plea is received into the church. The abandon their religion." "Cut out things, but not people." "kapita," or head man, of the Since a union of mission insti- colony is Senga Paula, who was The New Generation in Egypt tutions might make it possible found to have leprosy while to maintain a centralized work, studying to be an evangelist, and The best students do not, as a an effort has been made to com- thereupon became evangelist to rule, come from the homes of bine Bulape Bible School with the lepers. Sunday School chilrich pashas and beys in Egypt. the Morrison Bible School at dren of Belgium support several But these young men are bound Mutoto, and eight students vol- of the Congo lepers, while one to occupy places of influence. unteered to go with their fami- leper is supported by a Metho- From this point of view, it is lies to Mutoto. Others have fol- dist woman of Poland, who worthwhile for them to receive lowed, and the· students from wishes to be simply kp.own as their training under Christian Bakuba at the Morrison Bible Madam X. influences, even though they School are among the outstandmay not become Christians. ing men. This school continues Treatment for Yaws to overflow with students, and A young former student of the the crowded housing conditions Bush Negroes are said to be American University of Cairo, are not yet relieved. There are nearly 50% infected with yaws, whose name is Mohammed Jesus, 250 men enrolled in the regular a loathesome skin disease. Of was a Moslem who left the Uni- Bible training department, with the remaining 50%, about 15% versity several years ago. He 234 women, most of them wives have leprosy, while other tropiwas a good fellow but was most of these men, receiving training cal diseases are so common that unsuccessful from the scholastic in the Women's Department. few of the natives are healthy. standpoint. Today, he and his brother are in charge of a large Church Attendance Grows Injections of salvarsan have estate in the Delta and are re- proved effective in the treatment sponsible not only for running More people are going to of yaws. Patients, after five or the estate, but for the welfare of church in West Africa than ever six weeks, are able to resume before, according to the annual [370 ]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

their work, and both women and Successful Negro Missionaries one of the older Moslem pupils men who had become misshapen recently asked permission from look normal. But funds to sup- Ten years ago, the Rev. Henry her family to attend church ply the salvarsan are lacking in C. McDowell and Samuel B. service on Sundays. At the bethe Moravian Mission. Sleep- Coles, American Negro Congre- ginning of the year she had not ing sickness is still a deadly dis- gationalists, began work at Ga- been interested. Her brother ease, from which 100,000 Afri- lengue, Angola, twenty-five miles wrote that he would prefer that cans are said to die every year. from the nearest government she did not attend, but she could post and a hundred and fifty do as she wished. Now she at- "Hitting the Same Spot" miles from the Dondi station of tends the Christian service by the American Board. Their sup- her own desire. Another Mos- Mrs. Dan Crawford writes porters, the 30,000 Negro Con- lem girl has requested the same from Luanza Mission, Congo gregationalists, allowed them an privilege. There is an increased expense budget of $1,100 a year. interest in Bible study among BeIge: After eight years we note some the older girls, especially in the of the results: teachings of Jesus Christ. This In our little Bible schools we give a is not confined to anyone Luban Bible to all who learn to read Thirty buildings in brick and group, but is marked among it quickly; while all are taught to cement, a boarding school with Christians, Jews and Moslems memorize the Scriptures. It would three hundred boys and girls, alike. astonish you to hear little tots repeat- and dormitories equipped with ing whole chapters without a mistake. uniform beds, lockers, tables Campaign Against Moslems and chairs all locally made. A God has given our Africans won- medical work cared for by the The Soviet regime in East derful memories, and we are striving missionaries; a power mill Turkestan is causing an exodus to store them with His very own grinds maize into flour by the of Moslems. Many are coming words. Our precious Luban Bible in ton; there is a blacksmith shop, into the Panjab and Delhi. The the hands of a reading population is a seed-testing service, brick- Statesman, published in Calcutthe best antidote to Rome's teaching. yards and tile yards. Two hun- ta, says: But we have need of much patience; dred and fifty acres have been and sometimes our natives, sensing cleared and put into cultivation. Religious restrictions began with this, remind us of a quaint proverb of The native oxen h a v e been the banning of all religious teaching theirs. Even a wily old chief quoted trained and the natives trained in schools and all missionary efforts, it to me, when he guessed I was think- to drive them. Fifteen miles of and, as Moscow's influence grew, ing that my visits to him and his peo- blind ditching have brought into spread until the Koran and other reple were useless, because fruitless. cultivation extensive lowlands ligious books were seized. In order With an encouraging grin on his sin- that the natives thought never to prevent attendance at mosques, the scarred face, he said: "Weary not in could produce crops. Eighty authorities imposed high taxes on all your journeys hither. Ever remem- acres of woodland have been en- worshipers, while preachers and leadber the saying, 'Keep hitting on the closed with hog-tight fences of ers who rebelled against these meassame spot-sooner or later you'll raise nat i v e materials, furnishing ures were imprisoned, shot, or sent a lump!'" pasture to numerous pigs, sheep to Moscow and never heard of again. and goats. Elsewhere herds of Religious schools were closed and A Great African Church cattle are being raised for beef Moslem children compelled to attend and dairy products to supply an schools where atheism was preached, It was a gala day for Elisa- impoverished Negro community. and they were taught to despise the bethvi1le, Belgian Congo, when faith of their parents. Passports the Wallace Memorial Church Ten out-stations have been es- were refused to those who wished to was opened for dedication and tablished, eve r y one with a fr.o .on pilgrimages, and fasting for re- 2,000 Africans poured through church, school teachers' resi- lIgIOUS reasons was made a punishable its big doors in a few minutes. dences, and Christian village. offense. There are two or three trained The bell, the gift of Professor Christian leaders at each of the Mt. Carmel Bible School and Mrs. William B. Hill of Vas- out-stations, w h i c h are also sar College, told the worshipers headquarters for farm demon- The first report of Mt. Carthat the eventful day had ar- strators, trained at Galengue in mel Bible School to be issued rived. The Rev. V. D. Longfield, the rudiments of scientific farm- since the death of the Rev. S. who designed the building and ing. The total Christian com- B. Rohold, superintendent, has erected it with African labor, munity in the Galengue field is recently appeared. The work opened the doors to the waiting estimated at a thousand. has been carried on by the Rev. Dr. Christie and Mrs. Rohold, throng. WESTERN ASIA assisted by a consecrated band The building was designed for of helpers. It is gratifying to Moslem Girls Turn Toward read of the steady favor the 1,100 persons, but 2,000, either Christ Bible School is winning with "sitting, squatting or standing," many of the Jewish people in occupied all the floor space. Dr. At the American Presbyte- the Holy Land. In ministering J. M. Springer, of the Methodist rian School for Girls in Beirut to the spirit, mind and body the Mission, spoke from the text, School is doing a unique piece "Sir, we would see Jesus." of service. Men, women and The building is of steel and masonry, wood being eliminated because of the white ants. None of the natives had ever done any work of this kind but the building, with its steel ceiling, was completed without a casualty.

children of many nationalities on the freedom of women, un- new understanding of the power of and speaking diverse tongues, veiling, etc., without any restric- the Crucified and Risen Saviour, and come for healing of the body, tions. a wider vision of His Kingdom. or for teaching, and all hear the Gospel so that many are led Christian mISSIOnary work The National Missionary Society into the knowledge of the truth has suffered because of a misas it is in Jesus Christ. understanding of an order by the This is the only interdenomi- Minister of Education forbid- national Indian Christian mis- Vacation Bible School at ding propaganda by foreigners, sionary society. It was found- but this decree was aimed ed twenty-five years ago, and is Kokkinia against Communists and was supported, directed and manned misinterpreted by local officials entirely by Indians. The presi- In Kokkinia, the largest refu- who completed itinerating mis- dent is Bishop Abraham Mar gee camp in the suburbs of sionaries to cease their activi- Thoma of the Evangelical Sy- Athens, many Armenians are in ties. rian Church and the first genneed of economic, intellectual eral secretary was V. S. Azaand spiritual help. Because of The courses of study in Mis- riah, now Bishop of Dornakal. the encouragement of American sion schools have conformed to The aim of the society is to friends, Kokkinia camp youth the government program, with preach the Gospel in unoccuwere again privileged last year the exception of teaching the pied parts of India and to deto have a Daily Vacation Bible Koran and Moslem law. Ethics velop a missionary spirit and School, with 330 students from has been taught instead and in- activity in the Indian Church. four different Armenian recog- cludes the teaching of Bible It started without funds, sendnized schools. Armenian Evan- characters and the principles of ing one missionary to the Pangelical, Zavarian, Arm e n I a n Christianity. This seems to jab, with no guarantee of sup- Catholic, Mkhitarian, and Arme- arouse no opposition from the port. The society now has work nian Nationals were enrolled. Minister of Education. in eight provinces, in ten lan- guage areas, supports 116 work- The Armenian Evangelical INDIA, BURMA, CEYLON ers in forty-eight centers. The Church of Kokkinia loaned the income has increased from 382 use of their building for the A Mission of Fellowship rupees to about 90,000 rupees. school activities. It maintains, besides evangelis- The churches in India are tic work, one hospital, three dis- Progress of Persian Women planning to send such a mission pensaries, one child welfare and to the churches in Great Bri- maternity c e n t e r, one high A woman's branch of the Red tain and Ireland. The members school and hostel, 33 primary Lion and Sun (the Persian expect to reach England about schools, one printing press pubequivalent of the Red Cross) has mid-September, and meetings lishing Christian periodicals in been organized under the lead- are being arranged with local four languages. The Ashram ership of a graduate of the Pres- clergy, theological and other idea has been adopted with rebyterian Mission School for students, laymen and women markable success at Tirupattur Girls in Teheran, the daughter and teachers. The aim is in- in South India. Woman's work of a Minister of the Court, sec- tensive rather than extensive, has also been largely developed. ond only to the Shah in power. and several days are to be spent Another group gave an art ex- in each place. The Revolt of Women hibit at which all the exhibitors were Persian women. The veil The Bishop of Dornakal is to In the land where the code of is rapidly being discarded by lead the mission, and it is ex- ethics for the Hindu woman is women not only in the capital pected that the Rev. A. RaIla "There is no god for woman but but even in such formerly fanat- Ram, Secretary of the Student her husband," it meant revolt ical cities as Tabriz and Meshed. Christian Association in India, when 500 delegates to the In- At the last commencement in the and Mr. A. M. Varki, Principal dian Women's Congress adoptgirls' school no veiled girls were of the Alwaye College, Travan- ed the following resolutions: among the graduates. A group core, will accompany him, toof Moslem families in Meshed gether with a Burmese woman. 1. That the custom of sanctioning are said to be working for complete freedom for women. The pre par a tor y leaflet polygamy should be prohibited by leg- Christian converts from Islam states: islation. are among the first to seize the opportunities for u n v e iIi n g. This is the initial effort of the kind, 2. That all interference with the While the government has never and the progress of the mission will issued orders prohibiting the be followed in other lands with in- remarriage of widows should be vigveil, it has instructed officials to tense interest. If undertaken and orously prosecuted by the laws. see that unveiled women should carried out in the right spirit it may not be molested. The Christian mark a new day in the life of the 3. That public opinion should be magazine for women, The World world-wide Church of Christ. To the of Women, is publishing articles younger churches of the East it will mobilized against continuation of the be an opportunity of Christian fellow- ship and witness that has hitherto purdah, the dowry, and other ob- been denied to them, while to the churches in the West it may brIng a noxious social systems.

4. That a single standard of mo- rality should be applied to regulate the social life of both men and women. 5. That the recent Sarda cAhiclt~ which prohibits the marriage of

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

dren under the age of 14, should be 150 unions and some 60,000 hands of Indian non-Christians, strictly enforced. members. They hold enthusias- money spent from public reve- nues on maintaining the Angli- 6. That legislation should be en- tic conventions in their vernacacted granting daughters the right of ulars, which shows how largely can Church is bound to vanish. equal inheritance with sons. the work is shared by Indian 7. That women should be allowed women. Literature and scien- -Po O. Philip, The Christian tific instruction for the young Century. to compete with men in spheres of science, art, and commerce.

A Social Upheaval Coming are stressed, with picture leaf- Christian Students in Burma lets, charts, slides, dramas, pub- Rev. William Paton, writing lic meetings and pledge signing. The Karen Theological Semiin the International Review of nary, Insein, reports an un- Missions, predicts a social up- The Nationalists are all for pro- usually large enrollment, "the heaval in India. He says: hibition. largest and best qualified that I have known in my ten years "I believe that we are at the Almost all the d e pre sse d here," according to Dr. H. I. beginning of a social movement classes and aboriginal tribes Marshall. He reports on the -it may well become an up- testify that prohibition is the spiritual life of the Seminary: heaval-which may render the only solution for many of their "Never before has the life of type of pol i tic a I discussion economic ills. A committee ap- the student body been so warm. largely obsolete. . . . An official pointed by the Bombay Govern- The prayer room, opened last in Lon don, speaking with a ment to inquire into the condi- year, is often occupied both day wealthy high-caste member of tion of these classes reports: and night. There are more than the Round Table Conference, "The question of the use of in- a dozen prayer bands which asked whether there might not toxicants affects the social and meet to share their experiences be the possibility of the out- economic condition of all back- and intercession for definite obcaste population rising against ward classes to a great extent. jects. Not the least is the praytheir caste masters, who had so Large masses of these people, er for the Burma for Christ long kept them in subjection. when asked why they do not Movement. Many students have The Brahman replied : 'You voluntarily abstain from drink, had their lives r a d i call y speak of possibility, I should reply 'But why don't you get changed within the past few say a certainty.' An Indian the Government to close the months by the quiet working of economist, qualified by reason drink shops?' When drinkshops the Holy Spirit. The results of the office he holds to speak are reduced in number or the have been truly wonderful, and with authority on the economic quantity rationed to them in a for this we are humbly gratetrends in India, reminded me Taluka or District, the total ful." that the F r e n c h Revolution consumption goes down and the took place, not when the French people concerned are benefited Golden Opportunities serfs had touched their lowest morally and materially."

point, but when they had begun, Retrenchment in India The consecrated sowing of through education, to know how Ever since the establishment seed begun by Adoniram Judson low they had been. With the de- of the British Government in Invelopment of literacy, which is dia, the clergymen and bishops in Burma culminated in a Jub- of the Anglican Church who ilee Convention in Bhamo when now being pressed by provin- serve the British civilian and 7,000 Kachins came from the military population in I n d i a cial and local authorities as have been supported from the hills, former wild tribes, to meet never before, and the conse- public revenue. When the An- in song and prayer, and plan quent recognition by the poor of glican Church in India became independent of the Church of to extend their blessings to the villages how low their con- England, provision was made others still in darkness. In the Myitkyina field the past few dition is, there must be an irresistible movement on their years four thousand slaves in part which will amount to anarchy." the "Triangle" were released. These are knocking at the door. for support from other than gov- A little group of believers 250 For a Dry India ernment funds. Chaplains at- miles north of Myitkyina have Over fifty different organiza- tached to the British army in for months been expecting their tions in India are working for India are paid from Indian rev- missionary to come and assist temperance. The majority are enue. them in dedicating their chapel; entirely Indian, by and for non- The Government of India at and recently a worker reported Christians. With the help of . present incurs expenditure on a movement towards Christianmissionaries and sympathetic the ecclesiastical department to ity just over the border in English officers these organiza- the extent of Rs. 3,200,000 per China adjoining his field where tions have secured three "dry year. Their recommendation .is 160 families of Kachins have areas" in different parts of In- that this amount should not be broken down demon altars, and dia. One of the earliest forces charged to the Indian revenues. in their primitive way are call- at work was the W. C. T. U., With the Government of India ing upon God. -Burma N eW8.· and this organization now has passing more and more into the

CHINA spirit of our Saviour that each may Communistic army moving to- see clearly in his neighbor and enemy The Unfinished Tasks what it is which makest thy love to ward Amoy upon the work and abound towards him. We confess our property of our inland stations, What burdens the soul, whit- sins as a nation and as a society. We Changchow and Tong-an, and have had the pride which claimed the personal losses suffered by ens the hair and wears on the missionaries. Missionaries from constitution of the missionary much from others and was less con- Changchow and Tong-an are reis the vivid realization of the cerned with its moral weakness. We ported safe at Kulangsu, an islwork that should be done and have not set first things first, but, and in the harbor of Amoy, rather, would have all things added while there is anxiety regard- unto us now; and then we have de- ing those who are in Sio-khe. b e i n g able to accomplish so ceived ourselves that there was a rule little. of God's righteousness in our hearts. Strengthen in us, All-Father, the sin- Yesterday I passed near two hundred villages which I have cerity of our penitence, and help us Communism in China to be true to thee and thy laws as The present extent of comseen but have never yet had the we would be faithful to our dear countime to enter with the message try. Grant unto us peace in our time, of salvation. A month ago I not the peace of cunning politicians munism in Chi n a may be took a rapid eight day trip vis- who have lied their way to an empty iting thirty chapels and I passed learned from the following fig- success, not the peace of slaves who within sight of fifteen hundred ures : It has five generals in have lost their souls, but the peace command of four armies total- of free men who have cleansed their (estimated) villages that never hearts by honest requital for wrongs ing 60,000 men. They have ochad a chance. they have done and who seek to build Many parents in desperation thy Kingdom of love and righteous- cupied five provinces, a terri- tory of 50,000 square miles and over the plight of their children ness with labor and sacrifice and are being assisted by Russia brotherly cooperation between men have offered them to me, but and states. And this we pray through financially and have won the we have never had an orphan- Jesus Christ our Lord. sympathy of millions of peasage nor any prospect of estab- This prayer, published in The ants and workers. Whenever lishing one. I have ridden by Chinese Recorder, is a wonder- they are attacked by governbabies left lying and crying in ful prayer, born of the hearts of ment troops, large contingents the middle of the high road, the Christians of those coun- of the latter desert to them. knowing that I had no way to tries and shines like a new star In the course of two years they raise the m and hoping that of hope in the Far East. some kind Chinese would appro- have called forth 28 mutinies in priate the child before some the government army and 128 dog dragged it away. Unoc- Trouble Around Amoy strikes in Shanghai alone. T. cupied areas? Unfinished tasks? We are up against raw heathen- Communist armies, u n d e r T. Lew rep 0 r t s that of 600 ism, not an academic theory. General Sun Lien-Chung, have been advancing in Fukien prov- books which were printed in -REV. C. H. PATTERSON, Sut- ince and threatened to capture China in the first half of 1930, sien, China, in The Christian Amoy. The Sino-Japanese con- Observer. flict and the unrest in Kwang- at least two-thirds treat of so- tung, Kiangsi and o~her prov- cial problems and four hundred Prayer of a Chinese Christian inces have made it dIfficult for the Nanking Government to are either printed by commun- The C h r i s t ian people of ists or are of communistic ten- China, Korea and Japan ap- send relief. Changchow, one of the cities dency. The leaders are well trained, many having studied in Moscow and other European cities.

pointed a day of prayer in .con- of Fukien, and a station of the Don't Be Discouraged nection with the present SItua- London Missionary Society and tion and a prayer was prepared of the Reformed Church in "The impression given in a by Mr. S. C. Leung, a qhinese America, has been occupied and Philadelphia paper," writes a Christian, as a suggestIon of looted by the Communist army Chenchow missionary, "was the kind of prayer to be offered. which is reported to have raid- that conditions in China were It is admirable in substance ed the m iss ion a r y homes, far more hopeless than we reand spirit: churches and schools, as well as gard them out here. One of the o God our Father, teach us to pray other foreign property. Appre- statements was that Hunan, Kiat this time for our countries, China, hension is felt for Sio-khe. At angsi, and Hupeh were so over- Korea and Japan, for our statesmen and soldiers and people, for all who Amoy there are over one hun- run with bandits that the work have control of policy and for all who dred Americans. Here the Eng- was being stopped, and mission- are leaders in the making of public lish Presbyterians, the London aries having to withdraw. It is opinion. Grant a new spirit in us Missionary Soc i e t y, the Re- true that there has been a great men that in the midst of these national exasperations our search for truth formed Church in America, the deal of banditry, but Kiangsi is Seventh-Day Adventists and the the one province which has been may be more earnest than our desire to guard our rights or to establish Y. M. C. A. are at work. hardest hit, while almost all our our national prestige. Give unto us "This message," says Dr. W. work is open, and has been kept a great reverence for facts and a greater horror of lies and misleading 1. Chamberlain, "is disturbing open, since August, 1930, and propaganda; and so stir up in us the both as to the effect of the women and children have been

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

back in the stations since the Norwegian Lutheran Mission America) and among Japanese beginning of this year. For a long time this society prisoners at home. At the last At the Language School in Peiping at least thirteen mis- hoped to extend its work in the annual meeting of the Council sionaries are preparing to enter Hupeh and Honan provinces, it was voted to organize a Hunan province this fall for Japan Foreign Missionary Aswork; and the various mission but after exploration in northboards would not be sending ern Manchuria decided to be- sociation, 10 0 kin g to work them into these stations unless gin work in that region. This the missionaries already there among Japanese and other races felt that it was safe and the op- new undertaking will be close over-seas. Christian work is not portunities for expanding the to the work of the Danish Mis- in general permitted in prisons sion Society and thus these two but with tact a beginning may continental groups will be able be made in prison evangelism. to work with a united outlook. work great. It seems that there has never before been such an Forward in Western Szechwan Religion in Japanese Diet earnest seeking to know at least what Christianity has to offer, An evangelistic ten t cam- The National Christian Counor what any other "ism" may paign in Western Szechwan have to offer, and there is a tre- produced widespread interest, cil of Japan announces that in mendous opportunity now to and real results. An open door make the love of God in Christ for evangelism is found both in the newly elected diet there are Jesus, and his salvation and the city of Chihshiu and in the power known throughout this vast unreached territory east eleven Christians: five Congrecountry. and south. Kulin is the center of a large unreached district. gationalists, two Baptists, two Hopo Mission Celebration In Western Szechwan there Unitarians, one Methodist, and A placard outside the main are vast tracts of unevangelized entrance to the American Bap- territory, comprising over 125,- one Presbyterian. This is pertist Hopo Mission Chapel, South 000 square miles, truly virgin soil. Two or t h r e e journeys haps as large a number as ever have been made to the border before, but in relation thereto it is significant to observe that the proletarian and liberal ele- ment has steadily declined from a maximum of ninety-two in 1919 to but fifteen in the pres- ent diet. .

China, read "Thirtieth Anni- with encouraging res u 1t s. A versary of Christian Work on similar call comes from the wild the Hopo Field-Give God the regions of Kinchuan to the Hardships of Japanese Clergy Glory"; and this was the cen- north and the Tibetan grass- In the matter of salary retral thought in the celebration lands to the west. duction the case of the Japan- held last January. Through the ese clergyman is vastly differ- years certain objectives have JAPAN-CHOSEN ent from that of the American been kept in view: that after resident missionary. The J ap- the church work was estab- All-Japan Christian Conference anese is paid in yen. A clergylished, including a missionary man with a family may be paid located, there should be provi- The present year is the last Y1500 a year. Throughout the sion for Christian education for of the three for which definite greater part of last year his boys and girls from Christian plans of work were laid in 1929 salary was costing at the rate families, and adequate medical for the Kingdom of God Move- of about $750. With the sudden care for the central station and ment. The National Christian fluctuation in exchanges over out-stations; in short, that a Council has decided to convene the year-end, that salary would well-rounded work should be de- an all-Japan Christian confer- now cost a little less than $500 veloped, leading ultimately to ence in the autumn, at which -a saving of 34 per cent. When self-support, self-government, plans for 1933 and succeeding his sal a r y is reduced 10% and self-propagation. During the years will be determined. It is (Y150), there is a further dolyears about 500 have been bap- proposed to consider the whole lar saving of 6%. tized on this field. A coopera- question of the place of the However, the native clergytive hospital was I a u n c h e d Church in the life of Japan to- man does not suffer a net loss twelve years after the Mission's day~ This is forced upon Chris- in purchasing power of 40 %, beginning, erected by the Chi- tians both by the recent launch- since Japanese domestic prices nese themselves and equipped ing of an anti-religious move- are not quickly sensitive to flucby Edward Canby of Dayton, ment, and by the situation tuations in exchange. But his Ohio. On the last Sunday of which exists between Japan loss is fully 20 % or more, 1931 there were sixteen bap- and China. where the home church intends tisms, making a total of thirty- The National Christian Coun- a 10% reduction and where his one for 1931. On the first Sun- cil is contemplating two new American colleague in the field day of 1932 there were six fields for evangelism, namely, is receiving a substantial inmore, or thirty-seven in less among J a pan e s e emigrants crease. The following table may than thirteen months. abroad (especially in South help to make the matter clear:

Nom. Sal. Nom. Sal. Increase Per- board binders on the inner flap tically all this Korean popula- Feb. '32 Decrease -ce-ntag-e of which the rules and regula- tion is more or less migratory, tions of the Shinseikai had been so that self-supporting, well es- — printed, together with an invi- tablished churches can hardly – – – – – Feb. '31 tation to write or call. In ad- be hoped for. Today, there are dition to the above t wen t y 42 meeting places for Chris- — pIa c e s, the Kingdom of God tian service. Every corner of American Weekly is placed in the Waka- Japan has been touched, so that yama Public Library and four the whole task is blocked out. married $250- $225- (Inc) Increase of the leading barber shops of missionary .. cY701 Y200 -abo-ut 1-5% the city. Every week Mr. Bu- -Korea Mission Field. chanan makes the round of all — these places and puts a new Three Year Program – – cY502 Kingdom of God paper in the Japanese binder. This gives him many After much discussion and clergyman… c$63- c$37%- (Dec.) Decrease opportunities to speak and dis- prayer, a Three Year Evangel- Y112Y2 Y12.50 about 20% tribute tracts to those in the istic Program was adopted last Y125 waiting rooms, hospitals and year by Korean churches. barber shops. -The Living Church. First Year. United effort on Bi- Church on Wheels ble study, especially on the reading of Forty Years on the Road the Bible throughout the Church, as W. J. Callahan writes in the the basis for a real revival in the A year ago Rev. 'Senzo Sato Missionary Voice of the Tent Church. retired from active service in Evangelistic Band, an attempt the Reformed Church Mission. to win rural Japan for Christ: Second Year. United effort to give For forty years this evangelist the Gospel, especially the printed Goswalked the roads of Japan with The test used is large enough for pel, to all Korea. the message of Jesus Christ. any probable audiences in country On his shoulder he carried a towns and villages, say with a capac- Third Year_ United effort to inflag bearing in red a figure of ity of from 250 to 400 people. There crease the production and reading of the Cross and these words: are tent sleeping accommodations for Christian literature. a considerable portion of the staff. We THE STORY OF CHRISTIANITY take along a cook tent, with a port- Special stress was laid on able gasoline stove and equipment for Bible Study Classes and Cor- Death Upon a Cross, feeding fifteen or twenty, or even respondence courses. A con- Resurrection-Salvation, more, of our regular staff. certed effort was made to re- Now the Day of Grace, claim backsliders and to reach Now the Day of Salvation. We remain on one location eight non-Christians. days, putting on a double program of In one hand was a bell of the educational and evangelistic work. -Korea Mission Field. type street peddlers use to pro- The former is for the children from claim their wares. Hanging on local government schools, is held in Out of the Fold his left wrist was a bag con- the afternoon, and follows the organtaining the things he distribut- ization of the Daily Vacation Bible In the Syenchun field, where ed free-Bibles, picture cards School. The evangelistic program is 5 per cent of the people are and verses for the children, and carried on in the evening and is for Christians, most of the rural various tracts and Christian adults only. Our activities are con- population is within reach of literature for the older ones. He fined to the rural districts, small the 243 churches and preaching also carried on four outside towns and the open country, where places. Very few regions can Sunday schools and preaching sixty per cent of Japan's agricultural now be found in which people places, beside his regular Sun- popUlation lives. cannot get to church service on day school and church work in Sunday if they wish, and in the town where he lived. Now The more than 70 years of which Christians cannot get to that he has ret ire d he has missionary effort in Japan has unevangelized villages to preach. moved his family to Tokyo so been among the 40 % of her The fact that new churches are that his daughter c 0 u I d the people who live in urban sec- being established eve r y year more easily attend some Bible tions. shows a healthy spread of the school and thus prepare herself work. More emphasis should for the same kind of work in Koreans in Japan be upon our unfinished task and which her father was engaged. far less upon our past achieve- Christian w 0 r k among the ment. More men and m 0 r e -Christian Intelligencer. 400,000 or more Koreans who funds are needed if each mis- live in Japan was begun in sionary is to spend adequate Barber Shop Evangelism 1909 when a Korean pastor was time in preaching the Gospel sent over to make a survey. He to non-Christians – not the One interesting feature of the organized a church for Korean "ninety and nine" in the fold, Shinseikai (New Life Associa- students in Tokyo, which, until but the ninety and eight out of tian) work at Wakayama has 1922, was the only one for Ko- every hundred in Chosen who been the use made of the week- reans, although there were out- as yet have not heard the Christ ly Christian paper published by stations at Yokohama and in call. the Kingdom of God Movement. villages around Tokyo. Prac- Early last fall twenty of the leading doctors and dentists of the city asked for permission to put the paper in their waiting rooms and hospitals. This was granted; and the papers were put on neat but strong card-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

AUSTRALIA AND THE At each institute many signed a building so dilapidated that the PACIFIC disarmament petition to be sent cornices were falling down and Revival in Australia to the Geneva World Disarm- the rain cam e pouring in ament Conference. In addition through the roof. The new mis- steps were taken in at least two British papers tell of a institutes to mobilize pub I i c sionary began with religious marked revival of church life opinion a g a ins t compulsory services, but preaching alone throughout Australia, and of re- was inadequate in a community vived interest in the Church on military training in high schools inhabited by so many persons the part of outsiders. Letters and in the university. handicapped by age, unemployand newspapers from Australia -Christian Century. ment, and countless other mis- are quoted regarding the fact On the Isle of Bali fortunes. Knowing of the history of the and fervor of the movement. At The year 1931 saw the first Sydney, for example, business mod ern missionary effort in Morgan Memorial Goodwill In- Bali, widely known as a tour- dustries in Boston, Mr. Scully men have been holding a prayer ist resort, directly east of Java. began to adapt the Goodwill plan meeting, including politicians, Its million and a half people to his own particular situation. are mostly Hindus. Missionary He placed burlap sacks in the newspaper and professional homes of the well-to-do people men.

Progress in New Zealand work had been strictly forbid- of Cincinnati and took his entire Ten years ago the New Zea- den by the Dutch Government, savings to purchase an automoland Methodist Church assumed but eventually a Chinese worker bile to gather in bags full of responsibility for the mission- was permitted among the Chi- clothing, shoes and papers. ary w 0 r k in the Solomon Is- nese of Bali and this proved an He went to a rich resident of lands previously carried on by entering wedge. The first con- Cincinnati and prevailed upon the Methodist Missionary Soci- verts won were Chinese, then him to make the first payment ety of Australasia. Within this two young men whose fathers on a larger building. Then the time the number of European were Chinese, the i r mothers Cincinnati Goodwill Industries Balinese. They soon brought and native workers has been their Balinese relatives to the began in earnest. Soon there Gospel services. Now thirty in were all sorts of activities, workmore t han doubled. Medical rooms, a day nursery, children's work has been developed by the appointment of trained medical all have been baptized, twenty- settlement clubs, a church, and six being pure Balinese. Gospel workers, both doc tor sand daily religious services. nurses. The work of boats and tracts have been printed in launches has expanded. Com- this language and it is hoped Today the Cincinnati Indusparative figures tell the story of that government permission to tries occupies an entire city progress: block, and the property is valued install more workers may be at $225,000. Six Goodwill stores 1922 1932 granted. located in different sections of European workers ….. 8 18 NORTH AMERICA the city supply the poor with articles of clothing, furniture, Catechists and native Youth and Prohibition etc., at small prices. A beauti- ful day nursery cares for chilteachers ………… 74 174 The Allied Forces for Prohi- dren whose mothers work dur- Native local preachers. . 67 140 bition, headed by Dr. Daniel A. ing the day. On another floor Native class leaders. . . . 58 112 Poling, are conducting special are rooms where boys and girls Day schools ……….. 65 142 meetings for young people, and are kept out of mischief after Day school teachers…. 90 169 local councils of Allied Youth school and are taught various Native members ……. 3,406 6,134 have already been formed in handicrafts. In the community Attendants at pub 1i c more than 200 cities, including building recreation programs representation in every state in are conducted. On Sundays peoworship …………. 7,870 11,810 the Union. More than 150,000 ple of the community, and bene- -The Open Door. boys and girls have enrolled as ficiaries of the Industries and active participants in this new the settlement, gather in the Youth Conferences in movement. Young people are little Gothic church to worship. Philippines becoming a vital force in pro- moting support for government -World Service News. Six young people's institutes enforcement. have recently been held in various parts of the Philippinesone at Cebu in the southern islands, and five in Luzon. In all these youth meetings a definite attempt was made for the first Headquarters are at 419 Missionary Homes at Ventnor time to drop denominational Fourth Ave., New York. lines. All were one in spirit and In a residence section of At- . purpose, all seeking more truth, Helping Unfortunates in lantic City, a "White Com- Cincinnati pound" is operating as a home inspiration and fellowship with God and with one another. It When the Rev. Richard E: for foreign missionaries of all was the first time that many of Scully went along the railroad denominations while on fur- these young Filipinos had faced looking for his Methodist mis- lough. These homes are the gift the problems of war and peace. sion house, he found a one-story of Mrs. George W. Doane, and

are provided rent free to mis- programs could be sent out in grow up as heathen. At present sionaries. advance, giving the hymn num- there are 27 centers where a The centenary of the birth of bers, the responsive reading and session of one and a half hours Dr. William Howard Doane, the Scripture lesson. When the is held on some week day, after February 3, 1932, was celebrat- group assembles, a leader would school hours. The teachers are ed by the dedication of "Sunny give the call to worship. They largely volunteers from the pub- Side," fifth unit of these Houses would sing and pray, and read lic school teacher membership of Fellowship. The new build- responsively. A broadcasting of the association. ing contains, among other fea- church could be designated for tures, a children's play room, a the purpose and sermons pre- College Students in Churches work room for those who enjoy pared with these rural groups Statistics for the school year craftsmanship and a library in mind. A home study corre- 1929-30 show that 87 per cent which can be enlarged to an au- spondence course would supple- of the students at publicly con- ment this work to excellent ad- trolled colleges and universities ditorium holding 150 people. belong to some church.

'[he Churches Without Color vantage. Line Spiritual Emphasis Causes of Crime The Congregational churches The Presbyterian General As- Haphazard employment, blind organized the American Mis- sembly's Committee on Spiritsionary Association eighty years ual Emphasis last autumn con- alley jobs and long periods of ducted Spiritual Emphasis Con- idleness between jobs were imago to combat slavery and bring ferences for ministers in five portant contributing factors to Christian education to the Ne- centers – Baltimore, Rochester, crime and delinquency in 1931, Col u m bus, Indianapolis and according to the Year Book of gro. Fisk University, Tallade- Kansas City. It rep 0 r ted a ga, Straight, and Tougaloo are hearty response in every sec- the National Probation Associasome of the colleges that grew tion so that eight synods and tion which has just been pub- 144 presbyteries held retreats lished. out of the enterprise. In these on Spiritual Emphasis for their schools white and Negro teach- members. The members of the The National Probation Asso- General Council entered into a ciation is an association made ers work on an equality. Ober- solemn covenant to a league of up of juvenile co u r t judges, intercessory prayer for God's probation officers, psychiatrists, lin, a Congregational church guidance; that church members criminologists and others interschool, admitted Negroes on be called upon to definite self- ested in the treatment and preequal terms with whites early in denial to the end that Christ the 40's. vention of crime in the United States. All Saints' Protestant Episcopal Church, a venerable edifice The five causes listed in the Year Book are: in the heart of the lower east side of New York, has a congre- gation that is 50 per cent col- and His Cross may be made First, lack of a sufficient regular family income to insure health and at ored. In the effort to bring new more personal and real; that least a minimum of decency and comlife into a very old work, the pol- through carefully prepared mes- fort. icy is that the doors stand open sages an effort be made to unite Second, inefficient and dishonest in welcome to all the people of the ministry of the church in a standards of government. Third, lack of vocational guidance the neighborhood, including a campaign for Scriptural preach- and clinical facilities in the schools. nearby colony of Negro people. ing. The confirmation class of 1930 Fourth, the lack of proper recreaincluded 10 of them and 10 white Protestant Teachers and the tion facilities. people; last year there were 7 Bible Fifth, the inability of the Church to hold the young people of today.

Negroes and 15 whites, includ- On December 8, 1916, forty The majority of these offending a Hebrew, a Chinese and an public school teachers in New ers have drifted away from the American Indian. Into the con- York City met and organized influence of the Church for a gregation of Poles, Russians, the Protestant Teachers' Associ- variety of reasons. Italians and peoples of other ation. Since the Bible could not be taught in the public schools, A Distant Outpost lands come the colored race. and no time could be taken from An example of how isolated A Church of the Air the regular curriculum for its some missionaries are, even in Rev. William Payne, of Trin- exposition, these Christian men this day of airplanes, fast ships ity Episcopal Church in Ma- and women planned after-school and railroads, was reported in dera, Cal., has a plan for a religious instruction for those The Northern Tribune, a Cana- "Rural Church of the Air." He who would come. The associa- dian paper. The Rev. George suggests the forming of neigh.:. tion has grown to a membership Morrow, a missionary at Rupert borhood g r 0 ups, in sections of 7,000, supported I a r gel y House, Quebec, about 100 miles where the nearest c h u r chis through the annual dues of one east of Moose Factory, a village miles away, these groups to dollar. These teachers are de- in northern Canada, is almost form units of the Church of termined not to let boys and completely isolated. Newspapers the Air. From headquarters, girls without church privileges reach Rupert House only once a

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

year; the mail leaves and arrives sations of choice articles from pected, and sometimes accused at irregular intervals, requiring leading religious publications; and arrested," writes Mrs. John as long as two months to go one and general religious news. The T. Molloy, Presbyterian missionway. Measured by the time re- purpose is to make the best in ary at Merida, Mexico. "In one quired to reach even near settle- print available for the blind, place the work of the church ments, Rupert House is probably and to supply it free, funds be- was prospering until a drought as isolated as many spots in the ing asked from various Boards came. The Protestants were ac- African jungle. Its temperature of Publication and of Home cused of being the cause of it." also keeps it dependent for many Missions Boards. of its necessities on the help of Continent-Wide Evangelism Negro Progress the outside world. This help is A comprehensive evangelizaoften difficult to get, especially Since the Civil War the Ne- tion campaign for all Latin after the annual freeze-up. In groes in America have made re- America is proposed by Mr. the beginning of 1929 Mr. Mor- markable progress. This does Harry Strachan. This is to have row suffered a compound frac- not mean that they are excep- a consecrated native evangelist ture of his hip while building a tionally industrious or capable and his wife carrying on an intoboggan slide for his Indian of advancement in culture and tensive crusade of evangelism in charges. A dog team carried him material improvement but con- everyone of the twenty repubslowly over the snow to Moose sidering the fact that most of lics at the same time. While Factory, from whence a call was the American Negroes were putting all the emphasis on sent out for medical assistance. then ,slaves and have always evangelism, these twenty couples A doctor came by airplane from been seriously handicapped on would cooperate with the vari- Cochrane, a distance of 150 account of their color and pre- ous evangelical organizations on miles, and the injured man was vious condition, they deserve the field, and thus help to extend taken there for hospital treat- great credit. There was a time and consolidate such work. Later ment. when many white Americans additional evangelists would be thought it worse than useless required for some of the larger Rupert House is situated on to attempt to educate the Ne- republics. As soon as possible the Quebec side of James Bay, gro. Here are some evidences it is hoped to place twenty effian extension on the southeastern of progress reported by the cient missionary couples to copart of Hudson Bay. It is re- 1931 "Negro Year Book": ordinate and complete this minported to be the oldest estab- istry. lished post of the Hudson Bay 1866 1930 Company. In the summer about 12.000.000 Through the Bible Institute, 250 to 300 Indians gather in the Negroes in America 4.0OU.OOO the only one of its kind in Latin town. Their greatest problem is Homes owned by 750,000 America, a considerable number poverty. Funds to purchase a 12.000 70,000 of native young men and women radio for community use may Negroes 2,100 have been trained with a view to 1,000.000 evangelizing their own people. soon be raised by outside aid and Business enterprises. 20.000 $2,600,000.000 All those graduated are doing it is hoped that the Federal Gov- Farms operated.. , .. faithful work, and this year sees ernment of Canada will fit an 800 the largest number in training airplane for medical work in the Wealth accumulated. $20,000,000 83.7% the school has had. remote settlements on the shores Schools for higher 56.000 of James and Hudson Bays. The 15 education $61, 700.000 Percentage of literacy 10% $3,500,000 42.000 Negro teachers…. " 600 5,200.000 Expenditure for edu- Cocnattriiobnut~d . 'b; .. N~- $700,000 groes ………… $80.000 Negro churches ….. 700 Negro c.h.u..rc.h…m..e.m..- 600,000 bers extension of the railroad line to Negro Sunday Moose Factory is also hoped for by residents of Rupert House. SuSncdhaoyolSs ch~l' i;~~il~ 1,000 36.000 Reaching the Indians 50,000 2.150.000 U n d e r the Presbyterian Negro c.h..u.r.c.h..p..ro..p… $1.500,000 $200.000.000 erty Magazine for the Blind LATIN AMERICA Church in Mexico, three well- trained men have taken up The John Milton Foundation work among the 227,000 Maya is perfecting arrangements for Undying Religion in Mexico Indians. A mission has also issuing a religious magazine At Cansahcab, Mexico, several been opened for 517,000 Mexifor the blind in Braille. This persons were threatened with can Indians, the second largest is an effort on behalf of the expulsion from their homes be- Indian tribe in the three-Amer- Protestant forces to do for cause they held religious serv- icas. The Latin American Protestant blind what the Ro- ices after having received per- Prayer Fellowship is making man Catholics, Hebrews and mission from the town authori- contacts with the large tribe of others are doing for those of ties to do so. The men went to Othomi Indians, which adjoins see the governor, but found him the great Mexicano tribe. Last their faiths.

The magazine will be for out of town. However, they are year an opening was made to adults; will contain Bible or continuing their religious serv-' reach between 750,000 and Sunday-school lessons; general ices. 1,000,000 Indians, a far larger religious articles, some original, "When anything goes wrong, number than in any previous but chiefly reprints or conden- Protestant Christians are sus- year.

Guatemala's President and the The countries represented in Thus it comes about that the Bible the student body are Bolivia, man who, for physical reasons, Peru, Colombia, Panama, Cuba, could not go to the foreign field, Some months ago a copy of Puerto Rico, Guatemala, Hon- and who therefore might well the first translation of the New duras, . Nicaragua and Costa have considered himself exempt Testament in Cakchiquel was Rica. Nearly all the denomina- from the missionary obligations, presented to Guatemala's presi- tions are represented. is paying the cost of supportdent by a missionary and a rep- -Latin American Evangelist. ing ten missionaries on the resentative of the American field, that is, by his money he Bible Society. The following In Southern Peru is multiplying himself tenfold. definite result is noted. An Indian Evangelist had gone to the In the country south of Lima Protestantism in France town of Comalapa to hold a in Peru, there are only twentyservice. At the close, an Indian five evangelical missionaries, French Protestants in France man said that he wanted to ac- which means that each has a number about 750,000, while cept the Lord as his Saviour. parish of 112,600. Cuzco, with the number of pastors is pro- Afterward the worker inquired an area of 55,000 square miles portionately larger than in such how he became interested in the and a population of 700,000, Protestant countries as Norway, Gospel. He then told the fol- has nineteen foreign and four Finland or Switzerland. The lowing incident: national workers. South of it largest group is the historic is Apurimac, with an area of Reformed Church of France, The Indians in his town had 8,200 miles, a population of one of the oldest Presbyterian some kind of protest to make, 280,000 and two foreign work- Churches. There is also the so they appointed this man to ers. Arequipa, with an area Central Evangelical Society of see the president. The presi- of 21,000 sq. miles, a popula- France, the Free Evangelical dent told him that the Indians tion of 360,000 has four foreign Church of France, and the Rein Comalapa were bound by too and three national workers, all formed Church in Alsace-almany old customs that were belonging to the E.U.S.A. Two together 694 parishes holding holding them back and keeping more of the ten southern de- the Presbyterian system. them poor. The thing they partments are occupied by Sevneeded was progress, and tak- enth Day Adventists-Ayacucho Religious Conditions in Europe ing out of his pocket his Cak- with a population of 320,000 chiquel New Testament, he having two foreign workers, Dr. J. Ross Stevenson, Presihanded it to the Indian and and Puno with twenty-nine dent of Princeton Theological told him that in that Book he among a population of 700,000. Seminary, reporting on condiwould learn true progress. The The remaining five, containing tions in Europe, thus briefly man read some from the Testa- a total population of 455,000, reviews Protestant churches in ment there before the presi- have no Protestant workers at various European countries. dent, and after he returned he all. hunted up some of the believers In Russia. A special comto learn more. The result was -South America. mittee on relief has been his public testimony for the formed under the auspices of Lord. EUROPE the Central Bureau, on which representatives of the British, Bible Institute of Costa Rica "Going into All the World" German, Baltic, Swiss and Orthodox churches are repre- The strategic task of the The English Baptist Mission- sented. Millions of Christians present is to train young Latin- ary Society tells a story that are in distress. Americans for work among sounds like a romance. Several their own people. years ago a candidate for mis- Protestant benevolent institu- sionary service presented him- tions in Germany are fighting The Bible Institute of Costa self, but was rejected because for their very existence. Every- Rica was founded for this pur- of health considerations. He where expenses have been curpose, and as a corollary to the thereupon went into business at tailed far below the level of Latin-America Evangelization home, with the sacred resolve efficiency, to the great satisfac- Campaign. Since the inception that all the profits he might tion of radical labor parties. of the Institute, thirty-seven make should go to "fill his E u r 0 pea n Protestantism's graduated students have gone place" on the foreign field. Reg- strongest bulwark is Germany; back to their own republics, ularly, year after year, he has from here must come the power practically all in missionary sent in his remittance accord- to resist further encroachments service. Some are outstanding ingly.· Every year the amount of militant atheism from Rusmen; others of lesser gifts are has been larger, until the sia. doing valuable work. Seven amount just received reached non-graduates are engaged in £3,500, equal at normal rates Institutions for Protestant missionary service. of exchange to more than welfare work in Poland are in $17,000 in American money. a grave situation. Four hun- The enrollment for 1932 is dred people are sheltered at the forty-three men and women. Stanislas homes and there is

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

great anxiety as to the food women and twenty-seven men. ized in Athens. In Roumania supply for the first five or They are today working for the Baptists have increased during six months of 1932. Both Lu- Kingdom of God in many places the past ten years from ten theran and Reformed churches in the Near East. thousand to forty-five thousand. in Transylvania are facing the Strong groups are found in ruin of schools and works of GENERAL Germany, with sixty-five thoubenevolence. sand, and in Sweden with about Life in Eastern Orthodoxy the same number. A large ma- Evangelical hospitals, deacon- jority of the 12,000,000 Bapesses' homes and training International m 0 vern e n t s tists are in North America. schools in Hungary are in dis- among the churches and the tress. publication of a book by the Protestant Medical Missions World Student Christian Move- In Syria 95 per cent of the ment have tended to revise im- Some interesting figures repopulation is out of work. Pas- pressions as to the decay of the lating to medical mission work tors are unpaid and congrega- Eastern Orthodox Church. Ad- have recently appeared in "A tions are in danger of losing herents of this Church number Record of Christian Work of manses and parish houses. between 146,000,000 and 150,- Protestant Mis s ion s." From 000,000. They are found in these we learn that there are The Bel g ian missionary eastern Europe, and in parts of at present 858 hospitals conchurch is sinking under a debt, Asia and Africa. They are dis- taining 31,264 beds. In these and poverty hinders the exten- tributed, geographically or na- institutions during 1930, 389,- sion of evangelical religion in tionally, throughout t wen t y 712 in-patients were treated Czechoslovakia. autonomous patriarchates and and 198,844 operations per- archbishoprics, the Russian pa- formed. There are, in addition, In one instance only the triarchate being the largest, 1,686 dispensaries, at which no news is better than last year. nominally wit h 120,000,000 fewer than 10,411,539 attend- A new working basis has been souls. ances were recorded in 1930, formed which seems to assure and 137,152 visits paid to harmonious relationship be- Prof. Kefan Zanlcov of the homes of patients. There are tween the Reformed and the University of Sophia is author 513 indigenous medical men, Lutheran groups in the Ukraine. of the book mentioned in which and 99 medical women serving stress is laid not upon creed or in these hospitals; also 1,055 The Athens School of Religion ritual, but upon religious ex- trained nurses. Men medical to Close perience. He believes that good assistants number 2,597, and is coming to his Church through women assistants number 2,861. It is to be regretted that, its present troubles. "The sep- For every 25 missionaries there aration' of church and State, the is one medical missionary. after ten years of successful Soviet Government's perseCljoperation, the American Board tion and the complete national- Religi~us Census of the World has decided to close the School ization of church property, the of Religion at Athens. This is practical collapse of the church The organized religions of the due chiefly to financial difficul- organization, its purification world are approximately as folties. The enterprise is to be through trial by fire and martyr- lows, based upon recent statiscombined, so far as is possible, dom may be the occasion of a tics: with the Presbyterian School of new, mighty upthrust of its in- Religious Workers in Beirut. ner, creative powers." Roman Catholics.. 310,000,000 Professor Levonian and some Orthodox Catholics 120,000,000 of the other teachers at Athens Baptist World Alliance Protestants …… 200,000,000 will go to Beirut to continue their service but the loss to The Baptist World Alliance Total Christians 630,000,000 Greece will be great. Professors was organized twenty-six years and students have been able to ago, for the purpose of bring- Jews ………. . 15,000,000 work with the ref u gee s in ing Baptist groups into closer Mohammedans .. . 240,000,000 Athens and there was hope that cooperation. It has no legisla- Buddhists ……. . 130,000,000 opportunities would grow for tive authority, but is a forum Hindus ……… . 230,000,000 evangelical contacts with the for the discussion of academic, Confucianists and Orthodox churches, stu den t s theological and m iss ion a r y also spent vacation time in problems. At the Fourth Con- Taoists …… . 350,000,000 evangelistic work among Mos- gress in Toronto, Baptist dele- Shintoists …… . 35,000,000 lems in Crete and in colportage gates from more than sixty dif- Animists ……. . 135,000,000 work in Macedonia. ferent countries were present. Miscellaneous …. . 60,000,000 There are Baptist churches in In the past ten years, ninety- every country in Europe except' Total nontwo students have been regis- Turkey and Albania. A Baptist Christians … 1,103,000,000 tered at the school. These in- church with nearly a hundred clude a German, Turk, Russian, members was recently organ- Chinese, Hungarian, Syrian, in addition to Bulgarians, Greeks and Armenians. Thirty-eight have been graduated – eleven

Missionary

Recent Boo~s Reviewed for the Readers' Information The Course of Christian Missions: A Epoch are dealt with in a sepa- applies. This, with some other History and an Interpretation. By rate chapter and then follow principles, opens the way to a William Owen Carver. 320 pp. $3.00. chapters on India, China, Japan, study of Egypt, 'Syria, Palestine Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. the Near East, Africa, and and other mandated areas, and 1932. other mission fields. This geo- these studies have missionary graphical division of the mate- interest. They open the ques- There are a number of his- rial has its disadvantages, but tion of the right and ability of tories of the missionary enter- is perhaps unavoidable. Mis- weaker nations to govern themprise in the English language, sions to the Jews receive scant selves. but nothing quite so elaborate attention, in scarcely five pages. and scholarly as the series The bibliography is inadequate The c hap t e r entitled, "Is almost completed by Dr. Julius and there are too many mis- There a M 0 r a I Cod e for Richter of Berlin. The present prints and other inaccuracies, States?" develops three theses volume is not only a brief his- e.g. Homach for Harnack. Al- -that states may be subjects tory but an interpretation. The together this succinct and com- of right, that the fundamental author is Professor of Com- pre hen s i v e record is well principle of right is the same parative Religion and Missions adapted for its purpose. for states as for individuals, in the Southern Baptist Theo- and that the same principle aplogical Seminary, Louisville, S. M. Z. plied to different cases gives Kentucky, and his earlier books different results. This leaves on Mis s ion s were received The Spirit of World Politics: With the decision of international refavorably. An enormous amount Special Studies of the Near East. lations on the same basis as are of fact is crowded into the By William Ernest Hocking. 571 personal relations-sometimes twenty-three chapters of over pp. $5. Macmillan. New York. sun-clear, sometimes difficult to 300 pages of the present determine and liable to be involume, closely printed and Believing that the relations fluenced by conflicting motives. without footnotes. We admire among nations are determined Professor Hocking has given us the standpoint of the writer who less by principles or by self- a thoughtful discussion, worthy says: interest than by a spirit which of the attention of students of constantly gropes for principles, missions. His treatment of the Christian missions are rooted in the Professor Hocking of Harvard question of Islam and its con- Christian concept of God. They are University analyzes the situa- tinuance will not meet universal continued and perpetuated by reason tions under which nations are Christian acceptance, but it of the Christian experience of God. thought of as "backward." This brings to light some facts little It is not possible to hold steadily the idea gives a measure of war- realized by most students of true Christian idea of God and not to rant to the stronger nations world movements. undertake to share that idea with all which are ready to exploit other men. Christianity has from the weaker ones. There has come CLELAND B. McAFEE. beginning been a missionary religion. to be a very debatable convic- It has not been uniformly and con- tion that "the world's resources The World's Danger Zone. By Shersistently missionary. Its missionary are to belong to those who can wood Eddy. 119 pp. $1.00. Farhistory, with its variations, lapses and best use them." If one nation rar and Rinehart. New York. 1932. revivals, has run parallel to the his- has natural resources which it tory of the adherence of the pro- is not prepared to use, it is as- This book comes with a fessed followers of Jesus to His in- sumed in wide circles that other rather lurid wrapper and its terpretation of God in His character nations who are prepared to use contents are in harmony with and in His relation to the human race. them may properly seek them, the cover. Dr. Eddy usually Whenever and in what measure the even by force, on the theory writes in vigorous language and Church of Christ has been Christian, that in the long run this will never hesitates to "point with it has been missionary. be good for the weaker nation. alarm." He has certainly had This theory does not work in many opportunities for observa- After sketching the founda- reference to private property in tion for he has spent much of tions of Christian Missions, in the nations themselves; it is the last thirty-four years in four chapters, we have an ac- only between nations that it Asia. His addresses have been count of Sporadic Missions in heard by myriads of people and the Middle Ages until the Evangelical Revival in five chapters. Carey and the New [382 ] his fourteen books have been Mr. Andrews' treatment of shown, the author reveals his widely read. He deems Man- the m iss ion a r y history of acquaintance with Bible narchuria "the world's danger Alaska is exceedingly satisfac- ratives which filled a large part zone." He was in the Far East tory. He relates the story of of his education and helped to when the Japanese military the establishment of the various color his thought and forms of movement began, and he vividly missions fairly and at the same speech. The story gives large describes conditions in China time shows the important place place to African belief in magic and Japan that are involved in which early missionaries oc- and in witch doctors and it. He believes that "Japan cupied in the Territorial de- African character and habits would have had a strong case velopment. His attitude toward are clearly depicted. Chaka reif she had published a list of the missions is sympathetic and veals the man who puts ambigrievances and set a time limit this fact alone makes his book tion first and shows the ruin for settlement." (page 44); but more valuable as a reference of human instincts by the rule that if she persists in her for those who are interested in of force. The book is a tragedy present course "Japan must face things pertaining to that Terri- artistically developed and with the terrible responsibility of be- tory. a lesson, not only for Africans ing the cause or occasion of the but for those of other lands. break-up of China and the A. J. MONTGOMERY. forming of a large Communist Under Seven Congo Kings. By R. H. state in the heart of the Far Chaka-An Historical Romance. By Carson. Graham. Illus. Maps. 8 East, a war with Russia fol- Thomas Mofolo. Translated from vo. 293 pp. 68. Carey Press. lowed by internal revolution in Sesuto by F. H. Dutton and W. R. London. 1931. Japan, and a world war which Moule. 12 mo. 198 pp. 78. 6d. may again draw into its seeth- Oxford University Press. London. The author was a companion ing vortex all the principal na- 1931. and successor of the well known tions of the world." (page 51) missionaries Comber, Wicks and Let us hope not. Few books from Central Grenfell and was himself a Bri- African writers have thus far tish Baptist missionary in the A. J. B. been translated into English. Portuguese Congo for thirty- This is especially true of fic- seven years (1888-1925). He Story of Alaska. By C. L. Andrews. tion. A wealth of native folk therefore speaks with c 1ear 12 mo. $3.50. Lowman & Hanford tales and bits of African phi- knowledge of the country, the Co. Seattle. 1931. losophy have been gathered by people and their history. One missionaries and others but the characteristic custom of the The need of a reliable history purely African literature is yet country has been that succession of the territory of Alaska has in its infancy. does not pass from father to son long been felt. Bancroft's his- but to the son of the chief's eldtory was given to the world in The author of this African est sister. The people were for- 1885, and since its publication romance is from Basutoland merly cannibals and one of the much has happened in our and was born in 1875, the son kings was known to have eaten northern territory. Mr. An- of a Christian Masuto. In his a piece of the heart of a Portudrews brings the story up to youth he lived in the beautiful guese and was said to have condate and is a boon which and fertile mountains, tended verted the skull into a drinking writers and students will ap- oxen, joined in the hunt for cup. preciate. The author is pecu- game and attended a native liarly qualified for his work Christian school founded by the Christian progress a r 0 u n d since he has lived in Alaska for Paris Evangelical Missionary San Salvador, from 1887 to more than forty years and has Society. Later he entered a 1929, is graphically described. first-hand' knowledge of every normal school and studied the- The New Testament has been part of the territory. As news- ology at Morija. For a time t ran s 1ate d and numerous paper writer, photographer and he taught school, later became churches and schools estabgovernment agent his oppor- a clerk and proof reader and lished. Among the duties of tunities for gleaning informa- began to write. He now is a church membership are: (1) tion have been unusual, but in storekeeper and an influential Attendance at every service; addition to this he has acquired member of the Progressive As- (2) meekness in receiving a mastery of the Russian sociation. reproof; (3) readiness to tongue and possesses one of the warn others; (4) witnessing to two most valuable collections of Thomas Mofolo has written the Gospel; (5) habits of prayer Russian privately owned source several novels describing native and giving. The church, thus material in the United States. life. His present historical ro- instructed, has continued to His work is fair to all, compre- mance takes us back a century grow in strength and supports hensive and carefully docu- ago before the Christian mis- its own evangelistic work. mented. There is no question sionaries had begun to influence that it will be the authoritative Basutoland. He describes primi- The stories of hardship, herohistory of Alaska for many tive life and reveals the cus~ ism and victory contained in years to come. toms and thoughts of his this history are full of interest. people. While the influence of They describe how witchcraft Christianity is not directly

was combatted, how supersti- pIe: to take "the Bible as the English Bible will find this an tion was overcome, how vices rule of faith and practice" put down. Mr. Graham says: seemed to solve all problems. easily understood and instruc- "We must not suppose that any part of aministic religion is a With candor and discernment tive manual. It shows how to groping after God. . . . It is Dr. Garrison follows this move- really demon worship." Any ob- ment through its more than a understand, enjoy, authenticate, ject may be made into a fetish century of frontier experience. or charm and most of them are His treatment of the potential study, wield, enthrone and de- grotesque, ugly or obscene. values and weaknesses of this communion, so distinctly Amer- fend the Bible. The chapter on The author graphically de- ican, is of great value to any scribes the early fierce opposi- student of Western Christianity. "How to Study the Bible," which tion to the Gospel, followed by striking conversions, and faith- FINIS S. IDLEMAN. occupies more than one-half of ful examples of Christian life, testimony and service. The How to Master the Bible: The Meth- this comprehensive and refresh- Portuguese have put some hin- od, the Power, the Joy of Bible drances in the way by decreeing Study. By Martin Anstey, 240 pp. ing book, presents the synthetic, the use of the Portuguese lan- 2s. 6d. Pickering & Inglis, London. guage in books and in schools so parallel, topical, typical, cyclothat books in the native lan- Those who would master the guage have been burned and paedic, microscopic and explantwo hundred schools have had to be closed. The Roman Cath- atory methods. Ministers, Bible olics have also hindered the work by their opposition. teachers and theological students The history has no index but will find the book suggestive, inis supplemented with six valuable appendices on dates, secret formative and quickening to societies, government decrees, growth of the church and a full faith. D. O. SHELTON. bibliography. (Continued on 3rd Cover) Religion Follows the Frontier. By W. E. Garrison. 317 pp. $2.50. Your Unusual Opportunity Harpers. New York. 1931. • What means can be employed to bring the Gospel of Christ and This is one of those rare vol- its benefits to the American Indian? … What part does the modern umes that has as its immediate Chinese woman play in the creative, constructive work now going concern a single communion of on in China? … These problems are discussed in the Home and the Church universal but makes Foreign Mission Study Books for the coming year. universal appeal to every Christian of whatsoever communion. • FACING THE FUTURE IN INDIAN MISSIONS-Pdrt 1-0utlook on It is the history of the develop- Indidn Missions, by Lewis Meridmj Pdrt 2-The Church dnd the Indidn, by ment of the Disciples of Christ, George W. Hinmdn-tells of work dnd problems of Christidn Missions dmong but the treatment is on such gen- the Indidns. eral bases that its deductions are applicable in large measure • LADY FOURTH DAUGHTER OF CHINA, by Mary Brewster Hollister to all Christian groups. It is -d fdscindting study of China's new womanhood told by a missionary, deals written so impartially and with with the constructive Christian forces at work in China in spite of war, revolusuch evident fairness that it can tion and flood. not be regarded as special pleading. It is a history-not an YOU WILL WANT TO READ BOTH THESE BOOKS apology. OUR UNUSUAL OFFER IS Dr. Garrison's unique contribution to American church his- One Year Subscription to Review … $2.50 } ALL TH REE tory is the psychology of a peo- Facing the Future in Indian Missions.. 1.00 FOR $ 3 . 00 ple who had their origin on the Lady Fourth Daughter of China. . . . . .75 SA VE $1.25 frontier life of a new nation and followed the course of the em..; $4.25 pire westward. The sense of freedom and enthusiasm inher- RENEW your own subscription or send REVIEW to a friend ent in that atmosphere is found in this religious movement. The – for one year and ask for the books … DO NOT DELAY! process to the pioneer was sim- Fill OUT COUPON BELOW AND MAil AT ONCE. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Date ……………. .

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Cave Its N….. to Cliurch. Report of a Deputation. (Continued from page 884) 296 pp. $1. World's S. S. Assn. TAXICAB New York. Christ Down East. By R. G. Burnett. 8 vo. 160 pp. $1.25. Revell. 1931- an Taxira" is abbreviation of taxiftUtfNa6- The Village Teacher's Guide. A Book of Guidance for African Teachers. The slums of East London .io/.I-a vehicle carrying an instrument for Edited by J. W. C. DougalL 135 still furnish stories of romance, automatically registering the fare. The narne pp. Also The Visiting Teacher, adventure and miracle. There rabrio/II is the diminutive ofthe French rab- supplement to the above, 82 pp. hell is sometimes exchanged for riolt. meaning"" leap" like that of a goat. 28 6d. Sheldon Press. London. Heaven and the wiles of the and was applied to this type of carriage devil are overcome by the Grace because of its light. bounding motion•. Religious Education in the Philippines. of God. The editor of The East- Cab,iole came from the Italian cap,i.l" Archie L. Ryan. Illus. 205 pp. end Star gives first han d meal1ing "a somersault," from Latin cajJtr Methodist Pub. House. Manila. glimpses of f a 11 e n women, f'a he·goaf' .. '''/Jt'1I ". she..goat." There are drunken seamen, street Arabs .thousands ofsuch stories about the origins Jainism in North India. 800 B. C.- and criminals, many of whom of English words in A. D. 526. Chimanlal J. Shah. were reclaimed in the East End Illus. 251 pp. Re 1.4 and Re. 1.12. Mission. He shows that the WEBSTER'S NEW Longmans, Green. London. power of Christ to work mir- INTERNATIONAL acles is as great in London to- The .Religion of Tibet. Sir Charles day as it was in Judea in the DICTIONARY Bell. Illus. 235 pp. 188. Oxford first century. These stirring nar- University Press. London. ratives strengthen faith and fur- "The Supreme AuthoritY' nish wonderful il1ustl'ations of The Legacy of Islam. Edited by the the worthwhileness of slum Write for Free Booklet. which late Sir Thomas Arnold and Alfred work. SUkgests how you ma.y obtain a Guillaume. Illus. 416 pp. lOs. ·Oxford University Press. London. Obituary Notes command of English "through As a Jew Sees Jesus. E. R. Trattner. (Continued from 2d Cover) tt;,rlgit:.~wledl'e ot word 232 pp. $2.75. Scribner;, New York. was dev6ted to Moslems; his knowl- G. &. C. MERRIAM edge of Islamic literature was wide COMPANY Modern Civilization on Trial. C. Deand profound and he wrote many help- lisle Burns. 324 pp. $2.50. Macful treatises on the subject. Among Sprlnafield. Mae,. millan. New York. the best known are "The Faith of Islam," "Life of Muhammad," "Out- New Books Dangerous Drugs. The World Fight lines of Islam," and "Studies in Is- Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotics. lam." Modern South America. C. W. Dom- Arthur Woods. 123 pp. $2. Yale ville Fife. 320 pp. 218. Seeley, University Press. New Haven. *** Service. London. The Course of Christian Missions. Mrs. Carrie Louise McMillan Buck, Fiji and Fijians, 1835-56. G. C. Hen- William Owen· Carver. 320 pp. $3. the widow of Dr. Philo M. Buck of derson. Illus. 338 pp. 258. Aus- Revell. New York. India, and the mother of Professor tralian Book Co. London. Oscar M. Buck of Drew University, The Foreign Missionary. (Revised died in Cawnpore, India, on April Russia and the Soviet Union in the Edition). Arthur Judson Brown. 10th. Mrs. Buck went to India in Far East. Victor A. Yakhontoff. 412 pp. $2. Revell. New York. 1871 and had spent 54 years in active 454 pp. $5. Coward-McCann. New missionary service under the Metho- York. The Interwoven Testaments. H. C. dist Episcopal Church. She was born Moore. 50 cents. Southern Bapin Gettysburg, Pa., October 28, 1844, The Challenge of the East. Sherwood tist Convention. Nashville. and sat on the speakers' platform when Eddy. 265 pp. $2.50. Farrar & she heard Abraham Lincoln deliver Rinehart. New York. The Imperishable Message. Report of his famous Gettysburg Address. Mrs. the Board of Foreign Missions, Buck was especially active in India International Survey of the Young Methodist Episcopal Church. 192 in work for women and saw the work Men's and Young Women's Chris- pp. 25 cents. New. York. grow until the Methodist Church in tian Associations. 425 pp. $2. Y. that land included over 500,000 mem- M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. New Korea. The Hermit Nation and Its bers. York. Response to Christianity. T. Stan- ley Soltau. 123 pp. 3s 6d. World *** The African Child. An Account of Dominion Press. London. the International Conference on Miss Mary Elizabeth Talmage, for African Children, Geneva. 125 pp. Lyra Mystica.. An Anthology of Mysfifty-seven years a missionary in 28 6d. Longmans, Green. London. . tical Verse.· Charles Carroll Albert- China under the Reformed Church in son. 496 pp. $3. MacMillan. America, died in Amoy on April 6th Manchuria Year Book, 1931. 347 pp. New York. at 77 years of age. Miss Talmage, East Asiatic Economic Investigathe daughter of Dr. John Van Nest tion Bureau. Tokyo. The Partiality of Jesus. E. C. Com- Talmage, who went to China in 1847, fort. 154pp. $1.25. Reformed was born in Amoy in 1855 and was a South and East African Year Book Press. Grand Rapids. pioneer in the education of Chinese and Guide, 1932•. A. Samler Brown girls and women. She was a niece of and G. C.Brown. 921 pp.. 28 6d. Th.e Spirit of World Politics. William the Rev. Dr. T. deWitt Talmage of Union Castle Mail S. S. Co. Lon- Ernest Hocking. 571 pp. $5. Mac- Brooklyn.. Her sister,MissKatherine don. millan. New York. Talmage is still active in the work at Amoy. Seeing Ourselves Through Russia. Henry T. Hodgkin. 110 pp. $1.25. Long & Smith. New York.

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You a Reasonable Faith?

Face the Facts Joyfully READ ~~WHY BELIEVE IT?"

By DELAVAN L. PIERSON, M.A.

Author of the "Life of Arthu'l' T. Pierson," "For Each New Day,"

"Pacific Islanders," etc.

Full of facts, readable, stimulating, convincing; a study of faith and conduct in the light of revelation, reason, science and experience.

CHAPTERS FOR MODERN YOUTH BELIEF PRACTICE Tests for Truth The Christian Life The Riddle of the Universe Why Work? Can We Know God? The Value of Money The Credentials of Christ Shall We Play? The Reality of the Spirit Marriage and Divorce Concerning the Trinity Effective Prayer What Is the Bible? Life and Its Meaning Creeds and Their Consequences Death and Its Sequel Deals helpfully with multitudes of practical present-day doubts and problems.

The book is interestingly written and into it is crowded a vast amount of instruction in things that matter most. To possess, within the compass of the volume, a clear and comprehensive portrayal of what is essential Christianity, is a priceless enrichment.

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These chapters are concise, lucid, convincing, sane. . . . Every conclusion is based on the clear teaching of Scriptu1"e and is supported by the testimony of science and philosophy and Christian experience.

THE REV. CHARLES R. ERDMAN, D.D., LL.D., Princeton, N. J .

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The Missionary Review of the World — May 1932

1932

THE "Lo Mo" of San Francisco Arthur J. Brown An Intense Probletn in Persia James H. Linton A Moravian Bi–Centennial J. Taylor Hamilton Do Foreign Missions Cost Too Much Cleland B. McAfee In the Reign of King Msidi Mrs. John M. Springer

Items The Rev. Juan E. Gattinoni, Super-

intendent of the Buenos Aires district The Rev. Will'on Carlile, founder of of the Eastern SDuth American Meth- odist Episcopal Church, was recently the Church Army of the Church of elected a bishDp by the Central Con- England, celebrated his eighty·fifth ference of SDuth America in session birthday anniversary on January 14th. at SantiagD, Chile. He will have This Church Army, which he founded episcopal residence in Buenos Aires, sixty years ago, has now a thousand where he was pastDr frDm 1920 to commissioned officers. He gave up his 1930. Bishop Gattinoni was born in business as a prosperous silk mer· Italy and went to Argentina as a chant, and chose poverty that he child. might minister to the needy in the slums of London. For fifty years the (Continued on 3d Cover) Church Army has sought to win men, women and children to Christ. OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMEN:r Fastest *** Statement of the ownership. Dlanagement. etc.. required by the Act of Congress of !Aucrossing The Rev. J. W. C. Dougall has re- gust 24. 1912. of the ~Issionary Review of signed from the principalship of the the World. published monthly at Indianapolis. TOJAPAN Jeanes School in Kenya to serve as Indiana. for April 1. 1932. educational adviser to the missions in AND Kenya and Uganda. Mr. Dougall is State of New York. County of Westchester. 08: taking a year of studies at the Lon- Before me. a notary public, in and for the CHINA don Day Training College and hopes to take up his duties in Kenya in state and county aforesaid. personally ap- Fastest crossing of the Pacific is September. peared Delavan L. Pierson. who. having been by Empress Direct Express route. duly sworn according to law. deposes and says 10 days flat from Vancouver to *** that he is the editor and business manager of Yokohama. the Missionary Review of the World. and that Hastings K. Banda, the son of a the following is. to the best of his knowledge Empress of. Asia and Empress of chief in Nigeria, Africa, received his and belief, a true statement of the ownership. Russia, largest and fastest liners on Ph. B. degree at the recent convoca· management. etc., of the aforesaid publication thisrun,olfer First Class forthe most tion at the University of Chicago. He for the date shown in the above caption. re- fastidious •.. AT NEW LOW FARES. is the first member .of that tribe to quired by the Act of Congress August 24. 1912. become a Christian as well as the first embodied in section 411. Postal Laws and For a crossing with Honolulu to receive any education beyond the Regulations. interlude, book by Empress of sixth grade. His home is in the heart Japan, largest, fastest liner on the of the Livingstone country, where 1. That the names and addresses of the Pacific. Or take luxurious. Empress Scotch Presbyterian missionaries publisher. editor and business manager are: of Canada, her running mate. Sail· work among his people. He plans ings from San Francisco or Los to study medicine and will then re- Publisher–Missionary Review Publishing Angeles connect with them at turn to minister to his own people. Co., Inc., 156 Fifth Avenue. New York. New Honolulu. Enjoy the smart, sump. York. tuous luxury of their First Class. *** On all Empresses, a Tourist Class, Editor and Business Manager-Delavan L. of true Empress standard. Countess Margit Bethlen of Hun- Pierson. 156 Fifth Avenue. New York. New gary was ordained as an elder in the York. All Empress sailings from Van· First Magyar Church of New York couver (trains go direct to ship. recently. Countess Bethlen, who is 2. That the owners and the names and ad- side, baggage checked through to the wife of the former Premier .of dresses of stockholders owning or holding 1 state·room) and Victoria: Hungary, has been .on a lecture tDur per cent or more of total amount of stock are: in this cDuntry fDr several mDnths. Owner: Missionary Review Publishing- Co.• Fastest by Direct Express The Rev. Ladislaus Harsanyi, pastor Inc.. 156 Fifth Avenue. New York: Stock- Empress of Canada .. May 7. July 2 .of the church, asked the questiDns .of holders: Mrs. Wm. Borden. New York: Empress of Russia. May 21,July 16 ordination. Edwin L. Bulkley. Englewood. N. J.: H. N. Dougherty. New York: D. J. Fleming-. New Fastest Via Honolulu *** York; Dr. and Mrs. C. R. Erdman. Princeton. Empress of Japan .• June 5. July 30 N. J.: S. H. Gillespie. Morristown. N. J.; W. Empress of Asia .. June 18, Aug. 13 Canon Anson Phelps Stokes, .of the A. Harbison. New York: W. B. Hill, Pough· Protestant Episcopal Cathedral,Wash- keepsie. N. Y.; Mary L. Howard. Hartford. Reduced round trip fares. ington, D. C., has accepted an invita- Conn.: Manly R. Hubbs. Huntington. L. I.; Information, reservations, from tion of the Carnegie FoundatiDn to Mrs. A. McD. Kortright. Huntington. L. I.; your own agent or Canadian Pacific deliver a course .of lectures in the R. A. Long. Kansas City. Mo.: Walter Mc- offices in New York, Philadelphia, colleges of South Africa. He expects Dougall, Upper Montclair. N. J.; D. L. Pier- Chicago, Montreal and 3 1 other to leave in May and will visit Egypt, son. Upper Montclair. N. J.; E. R. D. Pierson. cities in United States and Canada. Uganda, Kenya, Tanganyika, the Upper Montclair. N. J.: James H. Post. New Belgian Congo, and South Africa. York: S. F. Shattuck. Neenah. Wis.,; R. E. CANADIAN Speer. New York; lIrs. J. Livingston Taylor. * '* * Cleveland. Ohio. PACIFIC Dr. Robert R. Moton, Principal of 3. That the known bondholders. mortg-ag"". Tuskegee Institute, has been awarded and other security holders owning or holding the Spingarn Medal. for '1932 by the 1 per cent or more of total amount of bonds. National Association for the Ad- mortgages or other securities are: None. vancement of CDIDred People. The award was made "for his thoughtful 4. That the two paragraphs next above. leadership of conservative .opinion and giving the names of the owners. stockholders. actiDn .on the NegrD in the United and security holders. if any. contain not only States, as shDwn in the U. S. Vet- the list of stockholders and security holders erans' Hospital contrDversy at Tus- as they appear upon the books of the com- kegee; by his stand. on education in pany but also. in cases where the stockhold..r Haiti; by his support .of equal oppor- or security holder appears upon the books of tunity for the Negro in the American the company as trustee or in any other public SChDDI system, and by his ex- fiduciary relation. the name of the person or pressiDn of the best ideals .of the corporation for whom such trustee is acting. NegrD in his book, 'What the Negro is given; also that the said two paragraphs Thinks.' H contain statements embracing affiant's full knowledge and belief as to the circumstances and conditions under which stockholders and security holders who do not appear upon the books of the company as trustees. hold stock and securities in a capacity other than that of a bona fide owner; and this affiant has no reason to believe that any other person; as- sociation. 01" corporation has any interest direct or indirect in the said stock. bon,ds. or other securities than as so stated by him.

DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Editor and Business Manager.

Sworn to and subscribed before me this 28th day of March. 1932.

[SEAL] EDITH ARER. Notary Public.

to Remember THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

May 2-General Conference of the DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, At- lantic City, New Jersey. Vol. LV' M~y, 1932 No.5 May 5-11-Biennial Convention of the Page YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN Asso- FRONTISPIECE-Scenes in the Country of Msidi, Central Africa .. CIATIONS, Minneapolis, Minn. TOP'ICS OF THE TIMES……………………………….. 259 May 15-2I-CHURCH CONFERENCE OF SOCIAL WORK, Philadelphia, Pa. Reports on the Crime Wave A Time for Courage and Sacrifice Meeting Deficits and Making Budgets Facing the Crisis in England May I8-Annual Conference, METH- ODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH, Colum- "LO MO" OF SAN FRANCISCO…………………………. 263 bus, Ohio. By the Rev. Arthur J. Brown, D.D., LL.D., Secretary Emeritus of th"" May I8-20-THE COMMUNITY CHURCH Presbyterjan Board of Foreign Missions WORKERS OF U. S. A., Buffalo, N. Y. AN INTENSE PROBLEM IN PERSIA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 267 May 24-28-A GENERAL SYNODICAL MEETING OF THE REFORMED CHURCH By Bishop James H. Linton, Missionary Bishop of the Church Mis- IN THE U. S., Cleveland, Ohio. sionary Society May 26-General Assembly, PRESBY- A MORAVIAN MISSIONARY BI-CENTENNIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 TERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A., Denver, Colo. By J. Taylor Hamilton, D.D.. Bishop of the Moravian Church May 26-General Assembly, PRESBY- TH~ PRINCETON DECLARATION ON CHURCH AND MISSIONS 274 TERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S., Mon- treat, N. C. DO FOREIGN MISSIONS COST TOO MUCH? …………….. 275 June 2-General Synod of REFORMED By the Rev. Cleland B. McAfee, D.D.. LL.D., Executive Secretary of the CHURCH IN AMERICA, Kingston, Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. N. Y. "NIGHTS WITH GOD" IN AUCKLAND …………………… 277 June 8-15-Annual General Confer- ence, CHURCH OF THE BRETHREN, By the Rev. A. S. Wilson Anderson, Ind. "IN THE REIGN OF KING MSIDI" ………………………. 279 June 14-24-Southwide Conference of the Young Woman's Auxiliary, By Mrs. John M. Springer, a Missionary of the American Methodist Woman's Missionary Union of the Episcopal Church at Jadotville, Central Africa Southern Baptist Convention, Ridgecrest, N. C. MAHATMA GANDHI OR CHRIST IN INDIA ……………….. 284 June 16-20-Annual Convention of the By C. L. Sury, B.A.. LL.B., Lahore, India WOMEN'S GENERAL MISSIONARY SO- CIETY OF THE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN THE CHRISTIAN APPROACH TO THE JEWS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 286 CHURCH, Columbus, Ohio. By the Rev. John S. Conning, D.D., Director of Jewish Work, Board of June 20-July 2-INSTITUTE OF INTER- National Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. NATIONAL RELATIONS, NORTHWEST- ERN UNIVERSITY, Evanston, Ill. FENNELL PARISH TURNER-A Friend and Fellow Servant ….. 292 June 20-July I-Conference for Min- By the Rev. J. Lovell Murray, D.D., Director of the Canadian School isters and Religious Workers, and of Missions, Toronto, and formerly Educational Secretary of the one on Church Work in Cities and Student Volunteer Movement Industrial Communities, will meet jointly this year at Union Theolog- MISSIONARY EDUCATION IN THE LOCAL CHURCH ………. 295 ical Seminary, New York City. By the Rev. Norris L. Tibbetts, Pastor and Director of Religious Edu- Mission Suisse-A Correction cation in Hyde Park Baptist Church, Chicago, Ill.

Our attention has been called to an EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING ………………………. 297 error that appeared in our December, 1931, issue (page 9(0) in reference to Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison the change of the "Mission Suisse Romande" to the "Mission Suisse dan WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 301 I'Mrique du Sud." The facts are given as follows by the Rev. D. P. Edited by Annp. Seesholtz and F10rence G. Tyler Lenoir, Secretary, whose address is 2 Cheman des Cedres, Lausanne, OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK …………. . 305 Switzerland: A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events "In 1929 the name of the society was changed, in recognition of the aid OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF ………………………… 317 given to the mission by various friends in the German-speaking Can- Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information tons. It had previously been under the Protestant churches of French- Publication Office 40 S. Meridian St., Indianapolis, Indiana speaking Switzerland. The society's fields of labor are in the Transvaal Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City and in Portuguese East Africa. The mission supports 100 missionaries Entered …. second-class matter at Post-Office, Indianapolis, Ind., under Act of and requires half a million Swiss francs for its annual budget. At the March 3, 1879. last annual missionary assembly the subscribers showed their firm resolve 25 cents a cop}'-$2.50 a year Foreign Postage 50 cents a year to maintain the work in spite of the present financial difficulties. The Published monthly-All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1932 by tbe Swiss Mission continues in faith to carryon the work God has given her MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., INC. to do." Board of Directors ROBERT E. SPEER, President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MILTON J. STAUFFER WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President A. L. W ARNSHUIS WALTER MCDOUGALL, Tre….urer MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH

MEMORIAL CHURCH. ELISABETHVILLE. "SWANA"-CHARLES A. SWAN. MISSIONARY

CENTRAL AFRICA MSIDI'S PEOPLE.

Here are crowd'S of Christian Africans entering the Church which is built on the spot where fifty years ago witchcraft and murder were practiced.

MWENDA. MSIDI'S SON. AND HIS HEAD WIFE. BUHI-IN A LUBA WOMAN OF THE PRESENT DAY-NEAR BUNKEY~. FOREIGN DRESS. IN NATIVE DRESS.

SCENES IN THE COUNTRY OF KING MSIDI, CENTRAL AFRICA Rl3VIB ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER FIVE MAY, 1932 Topics. of the Times REPORTS ON THE CRIME WAVE What are the causes of this unhealthy state of Police reports for New York, and for most of society? Police magistrates and students of social the other large cities of the United States, reveal conditions declare that today these crimes are not a distressing and ominous increase in crime. The generally traceable to the economic depression or number of lawbreakers, their boldness. and the even to a larger use of intoxicants and drugs, proportion of youthful criminals, have all in- but they are due mainly to inadequate moral and creased since the World War. ThE:! police com- religious training. In other words crime, which missioner reports that in spite of all that 20,000 is an infraction of human laws, is due to a lack of policemen can do to protect life and property in a true sense of sin, which is a disregard for God's laws. The great safeguard against crime is char- New York City, murders there have risen 16% acter, and the basis of character is right relationduring the past year. The causes for these kill- ship to God. In proportion as men and women ings are described as due to personal quarrels and disregard God and His laws, they think lightly gangster disputes, to bootlegging and robbing, to of sin and crime increases. When personal de- "love affairs" and family quarrels. The cases of sires lead men to disregard the rights of others, they hesitate to break the laws of society only on assault and robbery have also increased by 23 % the basis of expediency. The cure for crime is the destruction of its root-sin-plantingin its and "holdups" 60 % in one year. Arrests for homicide have multiplied threefcld in 30 years.

The most disturbing feature of this report is, place reverence and love for God and unselfish however, the growth in the number of youthful goodwill for men.

criminals and in the women taking active part in America's weakness today is due to the fact crimes of violence. A few years ago practically that our homes are not sufficiently the center of all those arrested were middle-aged men experi- family life and the place of effective religious enced in crime. Today a very large number are training. The Church is neglected by parents who young men between the ages of seventeen and formerly attended, but now are failing to set a twenty-one, with a liberal sprinkling of young worthy example to their children. Multitudes of women. Of the 477,324 arrests made in New parents are actually afraid to restrain their minor York City last year, 6,327 were children under children in their reading, their amusements, their sixteen, and 136,949 were between sixteen and companions and their habits. They are no longer twenty-five years of age. true representatives of God in the home, for like The report of the New York Society for the David in his dealings with his son Adonijah Suppression of Vice is also disturbing. Last year (I Kings 1 :6), they fear to displease their chil- over five thousand obscene books and many thou- dren by correcting them. The result is disaster.

sands of similar pamphlets and pictures were con- What can be expected when society becomes dis- fiscated and destroyed. The prosecutions and con- eased at its base and when parents and the home fiscations would have been much more numerous no longer exercise a powerful counteracting influ- were it not for the fact that the censorship and ence to the allurements of the world, the flesh, and judgment as to what literature is obscene is much the devil?

less strict than it was twenty years ago. The America needs to return to the God of our type of theatricals and "movies" permitted is also fathers, as He is revealed in Jesus Christ, His reported as increasingly objectionable from a son. Many times judges on the bench have de- moral point of view. Some dance halls and clared that Christian training is the only hope "speakeasies" are naturally the breeding places of of youth, and youth forms the foundation of vice and crime. society.

[259]

MEETING DEFICITS AND MAKING BUDGETS China Inland Mission The "period of economic readjustment" through Income for 1931 shows increase of nearly 10% over 1930. which we are passing has been one of the causes The Mission makes no definite budget but spends accordfor the falling off in gifts to missions from 10 to 35 percent. It is not difficult to see what this ing to ,amount received. means. If a mission board has based its budget No reduction in remittances. Missionary salaries have on $1,000,000 income, is supporting on the field 600 missionaries and helping to maintain 100 been slightly increased to meet drop in silver market. schools and hospitals, then a reduction of the in- New missionaries have been sent out-two hundred in come to $700,000 or $800,000 means that the work the past two years when the "Forward Movement" has or the workers must suffer a severe cut. In most been in progress. cases, the expenses have been kept as low as seems Not anticipating curtailment in missionary program; consistent with efficiency, so that such a cut means seeking to enlarge evangelistic activities. either dismissal of workers, reduction in salaries, the closing of schools and hospitals or reductions Christian and Missionary Alliance all along the line. The latter has been the course followed during the past year in most cases. One Receipts considerably below 1930. society, the China Inland Mission, has, however, No fixed salaries paid; slight reduction made in allowin the last two years, been enabled to send to the field 200 new missionaries without reducing the ances fbr living expenses, pro rata to receipts, after living allowances of its workers. fixed charges ,are met. Native churches are assuming increased responsibility. A letter to the treasurers of the foreign mission Missionary interest at home is promoted by prayer and boards has brought out the following facts as to Bible study, literature and conferences. what adjustments have been made to meet the Hope to send out twenty or more new missionaries this reduced incomes. These statements are not all year. on the same time basis as fiscal years end at different dates. Methodist Episcopal Board of Foreign Missions American Baptist Foreign Mission Society Decrease in income about 18%. Budget is $1,000,000 less than three y;ears ago. Decrease in receipts to date about 13%. Serious reductions in property account and reinforce- All home staff voluntarily accepted 10% reduction and missionary salaries cut 10%. ments. No ,avoidable additions to appropriations. Home base expenses reduced and most of foreign property No reduction in salaries at home or abr.oad. items 11ave been cut from the budget. Voluntary offerings by members of the executive staff. Contemplating a reduced budget for 1932-3. Campaign to secure 100,000 individuals in churches who Board of Missionary Cooperation is promoting "The Main- will support missionaries on basis of $5 a day.

tenance Movement" to stimulate the church. Considering withdrawal from some fields, if slump con- Board hopes to maintain present scale of work. tinues, but opposition to this course is strong.

American Board (Congregational) Methodist Episcopal Church, South Income shows net loss of 15%. Income decreased $260,000 in past year-about 25%. No reductions in budget thus far but expect to reduce Budget reduced $500,000 (generally) since 1930-no new appropriations after September 1st. buildings authorized. Salaries at home and abroad reduced 5% to 10% from Headquarters staff and missionaries have accepted 10% May 1st. cut. Voluntary contributions by missionaries and home staff Plan intensive cultivation of home church with district amount to about 5% up to May 1st. institutes to discuss whole program. Chief reductions in appropriations to work under native Situation will be considered at annual meeting.

churches or missions; also in appointment of new mis- Moravians sionaries and in decrease in present staff. Proportionate cut in home expense and promotion work. Decrease of income from contributions 10%, and from Commission on Missions is sponsoring a "Dollar per Mem- investments about 12%. ber" plan to make up deficit; missionary education and information is promoted. Nicaraguan field budget cut about 25% and other adjust- Prudential Committee faces the difficult problem of budget ments made in the missions. Apparently a further cut readjustment. must be made next year.

American Friends Board of Missions Constant effort to arouse the church.

Anticipated deficit of 30% in budget.. Plan to reduce next Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions (U. S. A.) year's budget 30%. Reduced receipts to date about 13%. Reduction in salaries; missionaries not yet called home. No change in authorized ,appropriations as commitments Drastic cuts in fields where self-support is most possible. Seeking to arouse interest by information and encourage- have already been made for the year. Missions all over the world notified of a reduction of 10% ment through church papers and local meetings. in the expenditures for the first quarter of the year. A similar reduction has been made in home administra- tion in salaries of staff. Efforts made to acquaint church with the situation and the opportunity. Missions asked to report on possible reductions-to be considered later.

Presbyterian Church in the United States (South) Decrease in receipts to date about 19%. Has been a 33% cut on all "work appropriations" for the field, and a 10% cut in official and clerical salaries at home base, missionaries' salaries, children's allowances and union work.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

January was month of special appeal to churches through Situation put before the churches. Called for month of correspondence, church papers, etc. self-denial in March.

Further reduction probable; one-fifth of debt and all cur- Considering readjustment expenses in order to meet rent year deficit must be included in budget for next possible further reduction in receipts. year.

Protestant Episcopal-Domestic and Foreign Missions TIME FOR COURAGE AND SACRIFICE Decrease in income 1931 was 15%. Pledges for 1932 show Evidently most of the mission boards and the decline of 22% from those of 1931 and 13% from re- missionaries on the field face a very serious finan- ceipts of last year. cial situation. The decrease in gifts, and in in- come from investments, has already meant a stop- Appropriations for 1932 reduced $576,654 or over 13%. ping of advance work and a cessation of building Budget still $400,000 short.

Salaries of all officers, employees and missionaries (over 3,000 people) cut 10%. Other cuts in every field of in most fields, the withdrawing or withholding of operation. some missionaries, less help to the nat i v e churches, and less adequate support for the work- Church is called to make special offerings by Whitsunday ers. It may be necessary and advantageous to re- (May 15) to realize additional $400,000 to meet the re- adjust and curtail expenditures in other direc- duced budget requirements and avoid further curtail- ment of missionary program.

Efforts being made to arouse the majority of church tions, at home and abroad, and to put still larger membership not now giving regularly to missions. The National Council calls for emphasis on need for responsibility upon national churches. There are encouragements and blessings, as strengthening practice of stewardship by church mem- bers. well as causes for disquietude, in the situation.

Seventh Day Adventists The effect on the world-wide work may not be Decrease in income this year about 9%. wholly harmful.

Necessary to reduce· appropriations for 1932 as the Mis- While missionary leaders and workers have sion Board does not borrow money to conduct its foreign or home work. been seeking the guidance of God, all are today more than ever looking to Him as the only hope. Salaries of home staff and of missionaries all reduced 10%. Building operations and institutional expansion Missions and mission boards are looking earn- have been checked. estly to discover and correct the mistakes of the Board is seeking to arouse home church and to lay larger past so that they may prove still more faithful responsibility for self-support on the church in the field. stewards. Some missionaries on furlough remain at home. The decrease in material income is leading There will be a general revision of budgets to meet the Christians to appreciate the spiritual values more, emergency.

United Brethren in Christ is showing many things we can do without, and is teaching valuable lessons in sacrifice. Decrease in income l,ast year about 12%. Bequests have been used for current expense funds in While the personal incomes of Christians in place of for building and equipment. Appropriations the home church have decreased from 15% to reduced 15 % in two years; some missionaries on fur- 100%, their contributions to benevolences have lough detained at home. generally decreased only between 10% and 35%. No reduction in salaries, but secretaries, clerical help and missionaries have voluntarily contributed 10% to Loy- There are few, if any, signs of pessimism, dis- alty Gift Fund. couragement or lessening of faith and effort on Aggressive steps taken to ,arouse the church by an Every the part of pastors and others in positions of re- Member Canvass in May. Woman's Department plan- sponsibility. ning a "World Mission Advancement Day" next autumn to raise special fund to return furloughed mis- Cuts in salary and in appropriations have been sionaries. Plans made to cultivate Sunday Schools met cheerfully and often voluntarily offered by more system.atically. those most deeply affected. Some have impover- .

No plans for further curtailment of missionary program. ished themselves to aid the work. No stations abandoned and no work closed. Larger re- The real basis of hope-of certainty-as to sponsibility is placed on national churches. progress and ultimate victory is in the fact that Un'ited Christian Missionary Society (Disciples of Christ) "the battle is not ours but God's." It is His cam- (Foreign mission expenditures are about 50% of total.) paign; His resources are scarcely touched, much Decrease last year in income 7% over previous year and less exhausted; He has not surrendered to the 13% for first eight months of this fiscal year. enemy; He has not become discouraged; He has not withdrawn his commission to spread the news Budget reduced $350,000-about 20% for the past three of life through Christ to all the world. He has years.

All salaries at home reduced (including secretaries, clerks and missionaries). No reduction of foreign missionary not lost faith in His servants.

salaries. There have been many darker days in the past Cuts made in all departments about equally. Mission- -politically, socially and economically; there are many spots on earth today where we find worse aries withdrawn from Tibetan border, and some from conditions than we find in the homes and offices in the Philippines, Japan and Puerto Rico; native churches are assuming larger responsibility.

America where the depression is felt most keenly. is being saved this year, principally by 5% cuts in salaries The sun is shining beyond the clouds. When ex- at home and abroad, the decision to withdraw from any perience and a closer fellowship with God has of the Society's spheres of service abroad has been posttaught us needed lessons Christians will be poned. stronger and wiser, more sacrificial and more effective in fulfilling their responsibilities as repre- The Baptist Missionary Society last October decided sentatives of Christ on earth. upon a reduction of expenditure of £17,000, and the For- eign Secretary was sent to India and Ceylon to confer FACING THE CRISIS IN ENGLAND with missionaries and church leaders as to how the reduc- tion can be effected. No missionaries are to be recalled The missionary societies in Great Britain are and no reduction is to be made in allow,ances, but in some encouraged to find that things are not so bad as areas, a larger measure of responsibility will be handed it was feared. All the societies have had to face over to native churches. While there is a deficit of increased expenditure because of the high bank £10,259 on last year's accounts, the income in contriburate, and unfavorable exchange rates. This item tions from the churches showed an increase of £2,000 alone means a charge of from $10,000 to $50,000 over that of the preceding year. A special eff.ort is to for the year to several societies. The difficulties be made to raise the income again for the present year. seem to have aroused the Christian givers, themselves hit by reduced salaries and increased taxa- The Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society is basing tion, to make great sacrifices. The result is that its present efforts on the assumption that only one-third the home incomes of the Missionary Societies in of the church members are giving to the missionary work. Instead of devising special schemes for raising money, its the British Conference is only 5 % less for the energies are directed to spreading and deepening mis- sionary interest. The normal income of the Society from past year of crisis than the record home income the home districts decreased £10,000 in 1931 as compared of the boom year, 1921. The general decrease in with 1930 and £17,000 as compared with 1929. The whole gifts to missions this past year has been less than staff at home and abroad has imposed on itself a 5% salary cut, while a 2% % reduction in the s,alaries of na- 2%. tional workers in India, China and Africa has been ac- cepted. There are to be no withdrawals-the work every- The Secretary of the Conference of British Mis- where is to be maintained at minimum cost, ,and vacansionary Societies writes "that Church members cies with very few exceptions are being filled. are prepared to make every sacrifice in order that the response to the needs of the work of the King- The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel has issued dom of God shall be at least as striking as the re- a statement that the Society does not expect to curtail sponse of the nation to the needs of the State. . . . grants, or recall any missionaries. Vacancies can be filled if suitable candidates are forthcoming. There have been "Mission Boards are convinced that there is no voluntary surrenders of salaries at home and abroad, and occasion for pessimism or panic. They have had economies are being effected in certain fields through abundant evidence of a new spirit of sacrifice self supp.ort by the daughter churches. among supporters at home, missionaries in the field, and the native churches. In field after field The Foreign Mission of the Presbyterian Church of missionaries have asked that their salaries should Wales is making no cuts in salaries, but a 5% cut in forbe cut rather than that work should be aban- eign grants is to be met by economies and withdrawals. doned or crippled, and with great reluctance There is to be no capital expenditure on buildings for the boards have had to take advantage of this g2ller- next five years. A strenuous effort is being made to exosity. . . . plain the position to members of the denomination and to encourage contributions. "It looks as if the crisis were going to mark the beginning' of a new era in missionary work in Primitive Methodist Missionary Society expects that the which the contribution made by the churches of present deficit ,of more than £2,000 will be increased. The the West may differ considerably from that which S;Ociety hopes to avoid cuts in missionaries salaries. they have been making for the past one hundred and fifty years. . . ." The Church of Scotland Foreign Mission Committee is planning a reduction in expenditure from the general Some of the important British Missionary So- fund at the rate of £10,000. Ways and means of effectcieties give interesting information as to the ing the necessary economies are under discussion. present position and as to plans for the future. The general application of measures for econ- The Church Missionary Society had a deficit last year omy cannot be made without the work of the misof more than £20,000. Cuts have accordingly been made sionary societies being handicapped, but it is enin grants to missions, allowances to missionaries and couraging to note that little work is being abanhome organizations and a further reduction of expendi- doned, that vacancies are being filled with few exture by £30,000 if necessary is contemplated. The ceptions, and new recruits are not being held back budgeted expenditure for the current year is £476,294. in Great Britain. The British are a great example of courage and fidelity in facing responsibility- The London Missionary Society was forced last year whether national or religious. to consider the withdrawal of missionaries from certain fields, but the response to a challenge to increase the in- Every Christian needs faith and courage, tocome £15,000 was so encouraging that while nearly £9,000 gether with a clearer vision of God as revealed in Christ; a deeper appreciation of the condition of men without Christ; a greater sense of our own indebtedness and a more intense devotion to the cause of our Lord and Redeemer.

"Lo Mo"" of San

The Story of Donaldina Cameron and Her Work For the Rescue of Chinese Girls By the REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.~D., LL. D., New York ):..

Secretary Emeritus of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions; Author of "The Foreign Missionary"

I N all the widely extended and diversified work so the dealers in this slave trade adopted the de- of modern missions, it would be difficult to vice of having each girl met at the steamship pier mention any of deeper human interest and by a hil'ed Chinese who swore that she was his more thrilling adventure than the effort. to rescue wife, and to prove his claim presented a photo- many of the Chinese girls who have been brought graph that had been sent to him in advance. If to America. "Brought" is the a girl was too young to pass proper word, for with the ex- the immigration official as a ception of the comparatively WORTH SAVING wife, the Chinese made oath small number who have come that she was his daughter.

as wives or daughters of re- The plight of the poor girls spectable Chinese men, these was pitiable. All were young, girls did not come voluntarily some of them mere children.

but were imported under They did not indeed have the false representation to be- Christian idea of the sin of come virtual slaves for im- impurity, but they were treat- moral purposes. Some of them ed as prisoners. Save in the had been kidnapped in China m 0 s t expensive establish- and others had been bought ments, they were closely con- from poverty-stricken par- fined in wretched, dirty tene- ents who valued sons but ments, cruelly whipped if were callously indifferent to they disobeyed their evil mas- daughters. There was a prof- ters, and subjected to every itable market for them on the imaginable abuse. Health was Pacific Coast where about soon wrecked and then the twenty-nine out of every broken, worn-out little body thirty Chinese were men, was hurried to the Potter's most of whom had lax no- Field.

tions of sex morality or none To the Christian women of at all. Brothel keepers were California belongs the honor ready to pay high prices for of leadership in the effort to girls. Standard rates ranged rescue these unfortunate vic- from $200 to $500, but excep- tims of man's greed and lust. tionally attractive girls some- In 1873 a group of five Prestimes brought as high as byterian w 0 men, who s e $3,000. hearts had been stirred by the The· law restricting Chi- wretched lot of the little Chi- nese immigration was evaded nese slave girls in San Fran- by bringing the girls in as cisco, determined to under- "Picture Brides." Wives of take a work of rescue, and Chinese men who were al- for this purpose they organ- ready in the United States ized themselves as the Wom- were permitted to enter, and en's Occidental Board of Mis- [263 ]

sions. Realizing that rescued girls would have to told heavily upon her; but her spirit was as un- be sheltered and cared for, a small house was se- conquerable as it was beautiful and she carried cured on Prospect Street, San Francisco, with the burden of the superintendency with unflag- Miss S. M. Cummings of Philadelphia as the mis- ging devotion for fourteen years when, in 1885, sionary in charge and Mrs. Tam Ching as Chi- she was joined by one who was to become famous nese assistant. The rooms were soon filled, and as one of the Christian heroines and saints of the in 1876 larger quarters were secured on Sacra- universal Church, Miss Donaldina Cameron, mento Street. This building, too, was outgrown Mother "LoMo," as the Chinese affectionately call her.

Descended from a Highland chief in Scotland, Miss Cameron's parents had emigrated to New Zealand where Donaldina was born at Clydevale, July 26, 1869. When she was two years old, the family came to California and settled on a ranch in the San Joaquin Valley. After the death of her mother, her father removed first to San Jose, afterward to Oakland, and finally to the San Ga- briel Valley where he became manager of the fa- mous Puento Ranch. Donaldina attended the school in San Jose and Oakland and later entered the Normal School in Los Angeles. Her physical THE REFUGE AT 920 SACRAMENTO STREET and mental development were influenced by the and the present building was obtained as the com- free outdoor life of a California ranch where she bined headquarters of the Occidental Board and rode horses and took part in athletic sports. Mrs.

the Rescue Home. All over the world "920 Sac- P. D. Browne, who had become a friend of the ramento Street" became known as the center of a family during their residence in Oakland, occa- beneficent work for humanity and Christ. Many sionally visited at the ranch and Carol Green Wil- missionaries traveling to and from their fields in son, in her remarkably interesting book, "China- eastern Asia and many other Christian workers, town Quest," says that during one of these visits including the writer of these pages, have reason in the summer of 1885 Donaldina listened en- to remember the happy atmosphere of that blessed haven of Christian love and hospitality.

The leading spirit in this movement was Mrs.

P. D. Browne, a woman of remarkable force of character and missionary devotion. She it was who called together the original group, and when the Occidental Board was formed she became its first president. Only one of her indomitable energy and courage could have made headway against the opposition of the unscrupulous men who profited by the traffic in Chinese girls and the apathy of many Americans who felt that nothing could be done to combat successfully the evil. But Mrs. Browne was equal to every emer- gency and she labored with indefatigable zeal in raising funds and enlisting the cooperation of the women's societies, many of which she herself was instrumental in organizing.

Miss Margaret Culbertson, whom Mrs. Browne CAPTAIN ROBERT DOLLAR VISITS THE HOME persuaded to take charge of the Rescue Home in chanted as Mrs. Browne described her busy days 1881, was also a remarkable woman, who had in the fascinating city of San Francisco. With gone to California from western New York as glowing eyes she talked of the Chinese girls res- governess for the children of a brother of that cued by Miss Culbertson from brothels and opium pioneer magnate, D. O. Mills. Miss Culbertson dens. Suddenly she said to the young woman by and Mrs. Browne quickly became friends, and her side: "Dolly, don't you want to do some- when a successor to Miss Cummings was needed, .thing? Won't you come up and help Miss Cul- Miss Culbertson accepted the post. Her health bertson at the Chinese Home? She's getting so was not robust and the nervous strain of the work frail, and now that Miss Houseworth has to leave

"LO MO" OF SAN FRANCISCO

SOME OF THE RESCUED GIRLS IN MISS CULBERTSON'S TIME So began a career crowded with adventure, and characterized by a courage, devotion and reshe will be so overburdened." Miss Cameron sourcefulness that make the story of thrilling in- terest. The failing health and finally the death heard this appeal and afterward descr~bed her of Miss Culbertson in July, 1897, threw the whole burden of the rescue work upon the shoulders of momentous decision. She said to a friend: "I Miss Cameron, then only twenty-eight years of age. The widely extended and diversified operajust stepped into that great task as blithely as 1 tions that she has since directed have been sum- marized by Mrs. Eva Clark Waid, as follows: stepped into your car today, in no way guessing The work of the Home is primarily that of rescuing what lay ahead, in no way prepared to undertake slave girls who have been brought unlawfully into this country and the search of these girls may lead from it. . . . From the first, I loved Miss Culbertson. I Seattle to Ph~nix into every f.orm of den or secret haunt of vice. Tidings concerning these girls come in every loved the Chinese. I never remember feeling any- way, by whispered word or secert note or police inquiry, often from Chinese themselves who know Miss Cameron's thing foreign about them. Never will I forget the indomitable courage and unfailing persistence. All over the United States her name is feared by Chinese and white laughing face of Ah Ying, the first Chinese girl I lawbreakers and oppressors of childhood. Tragedy and sordid crime tax to the breaking point the sympathy and came to know, as she tapped so gently on my door abilities of the workers. Threats and peril and danger are their daily portion. That rescue work is not at an to announce 'Lunch is ready.' " end, even in this enlightened day, seems sure when a San Francisco paper can carry in a flaring headline, as it did Very soon after Donaldina's arrival at Sacra- DONALDINA CAMERON IN CHINESE COSTUME mento Street, Miss Culbertson called her to the office and said: "Are you sure you will not be afraid in this work?"

"Oh, no!" she answered quickly.

"It isn't too late to change your mind there are dangers, you know."

Immediately her Scotch blood was aroused.

"Why?"

Without raising her voice, Miss Culbertson ex- plained that on that very morning the girl who was cleaning the halls had found a strange look- ing stick. Police were called and after a hasty investigation declared that there was enough ex- plosive in that "stick" to blow up a whole city block. This was unusual, for the Chinese seldom went so far with their bitter threats against the Home. But the latest slave girl rescued by Miss Culbertson had represented such a high purchase price that the owner had attempted to wreak di- rect vengeance. Then Miss Culbertson said quietly to her new helper: "Now, are you going to stay?"

"Are you?" just as calmly returned Donaldina Cameron.

"Of course."

"Then I shall stay, too."* * Chirw,town Quest, The Life Adventures of Donaldina Cameron, by Carol Green Wilson, published by Stanford University Press, Stan- ford, Calif. pP. 8-11. .

not long ago: "Five Slave Girls Rescued in Raid." This involves a fight with the evil men who have paid was the story of a recent raid by the police and our Mis- a high price for the girl and who fiercely oppose sion Home force. the effort to take her to the Home. Not infre- quently it has been necessary to break open with Other types of work have naturally fallen to the Mis- an axe doors of vile resorts; it has been necession Home. Cases have been committed by courts; orphan sary to contend against shyster lawyers who dechildren and nameless babies have become the charges fend the resort keepers in court proceedings, and .of the Home; business girls have found here shelter and to face hired scoundrels who pretend to be innosafety after business hours. A variety of care and train- cent husbands or fathers. But Miss Cameron ing must be provided for such a varied household-med- has learned all the tricks of the trade and has so ical care; schooling for these girls who cannot be allowed gained the confidence and esteem of policemen, to leave the Mission Home because of court pr.oceedings judges and reputable lawyers that they promptly for fear of kidnapping; trainin'g in household work; indus- respond to her calls for assistance. trial work that they may be able to make a livelihood with weaving or embroidery; and above all and thr.ough In reply to a recent visitor's question as to it all training in true Christian knowledge and living, whether the slave traffic in Chinese girls has such as has transformed these hundreds of girls who have really ceased, Miss Cameron said: "Not exactly. been sheltered by the Home. Through the generosity of Sergeant Manion and I were just discussing that a friend, Tooker Home in Oakland was provided to care question yesterday. We find that such girls are for a large group of the younger girls and the Baby House not often brought into San Francisco any more. charms all visitors. A new building on a site given by Our police are too quick for them. But in other Captain Hobert Dollar has provided more adequate ac- cities up and down the Coast, and even in the commodations for these younger groups. But the Rescue East, we are told that conditions are far from Home with its devoted group of Christian w.omen and its right." tender ministry to Chinese girls during fifty years remains on the San Francisco hillside. Over two thousand The Presbyterian Board of National Missions, girls have been under the influence of the Home and have which took over the care of the work in 1922, is gone out to be useful members of society, some in China continuing the warmly sympathetic support that as teachers .or home makers, some as helpers among their was formerly given by the Woman's Board of own people in the United States, many in homes of their Foreign Missions. This Christ-like ministry for own in America, and, some as business girls in the new the unfortunate Chinese girls on the Pacific Coast world opened up for Chinese women.t has a strong and continuing appeal to the Chris- tian heart of American womanhood. Many stirring experiences in Miss Cameron's life are described in Miss Wilson's fascinating story of the work. Almost every case of rescue t Leaflet, by Mrs. Eva Clark Waid, publisbed by the Presbyterian Board of National Missions.

Our Gifts to Benevolences According to the statistics compiled this year by the United Stewardship Council (of which Rev. Harry S. Myers, is Secretary) the total gifts of twenty-five leading denominations in " North America, for churches with a total membership of 23,416,365, last year amounted to $507,491,165. The benevolent gifts from this group amounted to $106,278,015, or about one- fifth 'Of the total. Gifts for foreign missions are not segregated. .

The highest per capita giving per annum for benevolence is found among the United Pres- byterians, ($12.65 each) and the lowest is among the Southern Baptists ($2.03 each). Many of these people are extremely poor and live in small communities. The largest denominational per capita giving for congregational expenses is in the Protestant Episcopal Church ($37.25 each) which stands twelfth in benevolence giving. The lowest per capita giving for congrega- tional expenses is from the Brethren ($7.43 ea:;h). They stand next to the Protestant Epis- copal in benevolence.

The denomination spending the largest total amount annually for congregational expenses ($75,712,174) is the Methodist Episcopal, which stands also first in total gifts to benevolence ($15,848,547). They stand twelfth in per capita giving. It would be interesting, if possible, to compare the per capita personal living expenses of members of these denominations, and the amounts expended on luxuries and amusements, with their per capita giving. Each one who keeps an account can compare his or her expenses and gifts. It would be an arresting study for many Christians.

Intense Problem In

By BISHOP JAMES H. LINTON, Isfahan, Persia I!:"

Missionary of the Church Missionary Society H ERE are the bald facts, hot from my heart. engagement, and you can wait till you are free I cannot, for obvious reasons, give the and then marry her." real names. I was on a tour and reached the town of X late What an alluring way! How the man's own in the afternoon and found myself right in the heart longed to accept it! But he said he would thick of a very intense problem. Mirza is a Chris- do nothing till I arrived and he could talk it over tian working in a business house some miles away with me. Friends go on, pressing, pressing. from the town. Some years ago, whil~ he was "Fool," they say, "why wait for the Bishop? still a Moslem, he took a temporary wife, which Sign the contract and leave the rest to discuss is allowable under the Shiah Islamic law in Per- with the Bishop." sia. She was a widow with two children. Later he made her his legal wife. Some time after his Then came the news that I was arriving on marriage Mirza was converted and was baptized. Wednesday, and poison gas methods gave place He also won his wife for Christ and she, too, was to a veritable barrage in which even the girl's baptized. Then came a Moslem priest who told mother joined. Her father is dead, and her this wife that, as a Christian, her children could brother claimed the right to act instead of her not succeed to her late husband's inheritance. As father. He rushed off for a Moslem priest, and a result she renounced her faith in Christ and in her name he signed a contract of marriage. there began disaster in the home. She began to go into debt without the knowledge of her hus- When I arrived I was told the thing was finband, until he never knew what he possessed or ished and there was an end of the matter. But did not. She sold his clothes, gave away the sup- they had forgotten. Some weeks before a new law ply of wheat he had bought to last for a whole was passed, and among other clauses was one year, and finally, for a long time she refused to which took away from a brother this power of be a wife to him at all. Home was home no making a contract of marriage for his sister. longer. A year ago he told me a good deal of Only the father can now do this, and he only durthe story, and I urged him to do his best to wipe ing ·the girl's minority. When she comes of age out his debts. This has used up all his savings she can renounce the contract if she will. for many years. All the joy went out of Hfe, but he stood firm in his Christian witness and tried to The barrage which had been directed on the win his wife back to Christ. man was now turned on the girl also. Her rela- tions may have had some other hold on the man, Mirza has a young cousin, a sweet girl of I do not know. The girl asked her school prineighteen who, from her childhood, has always cipal to stay with her, asking for her protection. looked upon him as her favorite cousin. When The man came into town and demanded that the she was a child he played with her and was her girl be given to him! In despair they asked me hero. Being cousins they see one another freely, to see him. Though he had said that he would do -and she, too, is a very sincere Christian and a nothing till I came, now he refused to see me. teacher in a mission school. In his so bitter ex- "I will have her," he said. "Whether tonight, or perience with his wife, Mirza turned to his cousin in a week or a month. She shall be mine. You for sympathy and love. The voice of the tempter shall not keep her from me!" comes to him: "You are a Persian. The law allows you to take another wife. Why not take I found the woman missionary principal nearly her? You both love one another. Take her." broken with anxiety and advised that she ten the relatives of the written request for protection But Mirza and his cousin know that as Chris- that the girl had given her. If they gave any furtians they cannot accept that way out. ther trouble she would tell the police. That seemed to frighten the relatives. "Well," says the tempter, "at any rate sign the legal contract which need not be more than an Then Mirza'asked that the girl go to his house and there openly declare that she would not have' anything to do with him-"Come for only ten minutes." She refused and finally he went away.

[267 ]

That night I was asleep, tired out after the sired to have." And now–! Was it all for journey, when, about 10 :30 o'clock, I was called. nought? Surely not, or what is the use of our The missionary said that they had come again to being out in Persia preaching the Gospel of Him her house to demand the girl-"Just for ten min- who saved Peter by His prayer. "I have prayed utes." The girl would do nothing till she con- for thee," Jesus said, and His prayer was ansulted me. Off I went to the other end of the swered. He triumphed over Satan by His prayer. town with that missionary, who felt her own We prayed too, and, glory to Him, her faith has honor bound up in the honor of the girl. I found not failed. God does answer prayer. The girl is the girl quite firm in her resolution to stand by in the mother's house, and we are praying. Nothher Christian principles. She knew quite well ing less than sacrificial prayer is worth anything what was behind that request to go to his house in a case like this. Is it worth it to you as a for ten minutes. Christian mother or father? What is it worth for our Father in Heaven? We prayed together, and I advised her to offer to go to her mother's house for ten minutes, on I went off to the village where Mirza was at condition that the missionary go and stay with work and found him in his office. He was surher all the time. They accepted this, and she prised to see me and my heart went out to him. went and definitely declared that she would have He had aged since I saw him a year ago, for he nothing to do with the contract her brother had was grey and haggard. We talked; we prayed. made. You could not but feel for him. God feels for him, too. It is not blame, but love, fellowship, Next morning I had a heartbroken message and above all, trust that he needs. He changed from the missionary: "Her mother came at half- completely when I spoke to him in words of sympast three in the morning and took the girl away. pathy. I said that I trusted him to come through I could do nothing to keep her when the mother triumphant. We knelt and prayed together, and demanded the girl." he pledged himself to me and to God that he would have nothing more to do with the girl till The Devil! How he worked that night for vic- God made him a free man. So God triumphed tory? Was all lost ? No, for Jesus is on the over the strongest human desires that a man has. throne. God! How we prayed that day for the girl; for the man. Does God hear? Does He an- We hold on in prayer, in faith-for him, for swer prayer? her. The temptation is not over.

Swiftly the message went round to the inner "Why should he not divorce his other wife," circle of praying people. If the devil put his bar- says the world. "He married her as a Moslem, rage of temptation around those two of God's and such marriage is not necessarily lifelong in children, we put our barrage of prayer around its implications." True; but he became a Chris- God's throne. It seemed hopeless. She was in a tian and so is under the law of Christ. Persian home with the Persian outlook on marriage. "His legal wife renounced her faith," says the world. So the devil argues. But we come back "Why should he not have two wives?" said the to Christ. "He was in all points tempted like as mother, "any Persian is entitled to do so." But we are." That brings Him very near in times not any Persian; not a Persian who has become like this. It is true. "Sympathy," the same pasone of Christ's men. sion-for He was very human. The same pas- sion that swings and sways the life of every other Humanly speaking, all was lost. Evil seemed man, that passion Jesus in His humanity knew. to have triumphed over good, over God. The girl That is why I trust Him to help Mirza and that was in the power of the man who loved her and girl. That is why I think it is worth praying longed to have her as his wife. for them. That is why He "is able to succour them that are tempted." That is why "He ever Do you mothers, fathers know what sacrificial liveth to make intercession for us," and if that prayer is? Sacrifice? Well, it is just that. Be- is what Jesus lives for what do we live for? fore I left the town that woman missionary was in the hospital-broken. She had spent days and nights in prayer for the girl whom "(Satan de- There are no times in life when opportunity, the chance to be and to do, gathers so richly about the soul as when it has to suffer. Then everything depends upon whether the man looks to the lower or the higher helps. If he looks to God, the hour of suffering is the turning hour of life. PHILLIPS BROOKS.

A Moravian Missionary Bi~Centennial

By J. TAYLOR HAMILTON, D. D.

Bethlehem, Penn. Bishop 0/ the Moravian Church I N the providence of God the Moravian Church who had opened their lives to the influence of the will this summer round out two hundred Holy Spirit, in implicit reliance on the Bible. years of unbroken missionary activity among When, in the early dawn of an August day in heathen people. It is of God's grace, that the 1732, two young men, Leonard Dober and David preaching of her heralds has ever been and still Nitschmann, set out from Herrnhut, Saxony, remains Christo-centric. Him they have sought with the slaves of the island of St. Thomas -as and still seek to magnify; in His name there is their objective, they were bidden Godspeed by salvation but in no other name; His was the com- young Count Zinzendorf. More than any other plete atonement once and for all; lifted up on the man this young nobleman had been the human cross, He draws all men unto Him. Through their instrument in bringing about that revival amongst experience with many races, the Moravians can the people to whom he had given a refuge on his testify that the Bible is the book of all humanity estate, when they fled from religious tyranny. It -God's inspired revelation to man. was.a little village of some six hundred, mainly It need not surprise us that the story of the refugees for conscience sake, who formed their two hundred years is not one of unbroken and un- home base. But this little congregation had ex- interrupted advance. Ebb and flow are observ- perienced a baptism of the Spirit of God five years able in the history of the Church universal. .Sim- previously and its membership had been witness- ilar fluctuations are to be observed here. Here, ing widely in Christendom. Only such an experi- too, pulsations of inner life have left a record in ence could explain the cheerful spirit in which corresponding vigor of active missionary zeal, and the two pioneers made their way to Copenhagen, a relation may be traced between the decline of mainly on foot with only a couple of gold coins a spirit of revival and a lessening of aggressive between them, with no assurance of a passage witnessing together wit h concentration upon across the Atlantic and with no very clear idea placid cultivation of virtues at home, whilst the how they must make their living after reaching status quo in the foreign field was at best only St. Thomas. They did know that the Gospel of maintained. Christ is the power of God unto salvation; and Another parallel may be noted. Movements of they had confidence in the Good Shepherd whose world history have exerted an influence both in voice they knew they were following.

the life of the Church universal and in the con- This same revival spirit explains how within dition of Moravian missions. Every history of the ten following years Zinzendorf could despatch Christianity has to take into account the decay other Brethren to the Eskimos of Greenland, to of the Roman Empire and the deluge of barbar- wild tribes of Northern Russia, to the natives of ism, the military menace of Mohammedanism, the Gold Coast of Africa, to the Hottentots of the the reactionary naturalism of the Renaissance, Cape of Good Hope, to Negro slaves of Dutch and the self-sufficient agnosticism of the machine Guiana, to Arawak Indians of what is now Brit- age. Similarly, when the story of Moravian mis- ish Guiana, to Indian tribes of North America, sions is told, wars' destructiveness and their plac- and to the Singhalese in Asia. Before another ing impediments in the way of intercourse, as decade had passed other missionaries sought to well as their engendering mistrust and suspicion reach Kalmuck Tartars of Russia, attempted to and hates, also help to account for ebb tides in herald the Gospel in Persia, gained a footing on the enterprise of world evangelism. the mainland of India, perished when seeking to Like all effectual testimony Moravian missions found work in Labrador and contemplated a mis- were a fruit of personal experience of assurance sion to Abyssinia. Not all these undertakings at- of the grace of God, granted to faith. They were tained permanence, yet by 1747 converts had been the product of a deep religious revival among men won among eighteen different races. In some [269 ]

stroyed. Servile wars scattered the Arawak con- verts and occasioned the razing of mission sta- tions in the Guianas. War hampered communi- cations by sea and cut off missionaries from their base of supplies in men an~ means; and in great measure accounted for the abandonment of the at- tempt in India-that and the excessive mortality experienced there. During the Napoleonic wars the missionaries in Greenland were reduced to great straits; they had no bread and their cloth- ing gave out. For three years they could get no seeds to grow the crop of vegetables that gave some variety to their diet in times of peace. For a number of years flour was at an almost prohibi- tive price in Dutch Guiana.

Nevertheless in this very dark era the kind hand of God could often be discerned in the won- derful preservation of heralds who had been brought into perplexing positions. It was of His goodness that sympathy, called forth by these very experiences, on the part of Christian friends beyond the limits of the communion of the Breth- ren, in 1817 led them to found the London Asso- ciation in Aid of Moravian Missions, a society that still carries on its generous auxiliary activity.

The One Hundredth Anniversary The celebration of the one hundredth anni- cases hostile governments or governors interposed versary of the founding of Herrnhut in 1722 and a veto, or prejudiced religious leaders made such the recalling of God's wonderful dealings with the representations to officials of great trading com- fathers in 1727 prepared the home churches for a panies that held concessions in colonies, that the fresh experience of a season of refreshing from work was temporarily rendered impossible. In the presence of the Lord, that culminated in 1841 other instances the pioneers laid down their lives and the years immediately following. This in before organizing converts into a church. Some- turn bore fruit in missionary expansion and exem- plified the truth that the witness-spirit and suctimes war interfered with their work. In the decades following the death of Zinzen- cessful witnessing are closely connected with the dorf in 1760, and until the close of the Napoleonic revival-spirit, the two standing in the relation of wars, almost ceaseless strife in Europe and in cause and effect over against one another. various colonies partly accounted for a period of With the General Synod of 1848, the first of something like an ebb in Moravian missions. Yet these convocations after the full experience of the even in these years advances were attempted, new revival, began the modern advance of Morasuch as an entrance into Egypt with Abyssinia vian mISSlOns. That synod deliberated on ways as the objective, various undertakings in India and means for the more complete and effective and on the Nicobar Islands. Permanent success organization of existing fields and in particular attended the second landing in Labrador, contin- concerned itself with the problem of preparing uously occupied since 1770, and the Hottentot Mis- sons of certain of the newer churches to minister sion was re-established in 1792. Yet war ham- to their own people. It visioned the goal of ultipered. It accounted for very heavy financial mate financial self-dependence in these fields. But losses at the home base. It prevented the pass- it also determined that a favorable response age of missionaries to and from their posts. It should be given to several invitations to enter on led to and explained major reverses in the prom- new work. And the Church as a whole welcomed ising work among American Indians, notably the and became accustomed to the policy of expandestruction of the Christian Indian villages in sion.

Ohio and the massacre of the converts at Gnaden- As a result, in the rather more than eighty huetten. During the War of 1812 the Christian years since then new enterprises have been be- Indians of Fairfield, Ontario, saw their homes de- gun in Nicaragua, Western Tibet, Victoria, among

A MORAVIAN MISSIONARY BI-CENTENNIAL

(LEFT) A GROUP OF BUSH NEGROES AT HOME IN SURINAM, (DUTCH GUIANA) SOUTH AMERICA (RIGHT) A SUNDAY SCHOOL CLASS IN THE MORAVIAN MISSION AT LEH, LADAKH, LESSER TIBET A, W, HEYDE OF LEH (LEFT) AN OPEN AIR SCHOOL FOR EVANGELISTS OF THE MORAVIAN MISSION IN NICARAGUA CENTRAL AMERICA

the lepers of Palestine, in Demerara, in Alaska, in The World War most seriously affected Mora- California (Indians), in East Equatorial Africa, vian missions. Prior to it Herrnhut formed the in North Queensland, among the Asiatic contract missionary headquarters, with an international laborers imported into Dutch Guiana, and last of board, enjoying the hearty cooperation of auxilall, in 1930, among the Indians of the eastern iary boards in Britain and America. The war neregions of Honduras. With the best of intentions, cessitated financial decentralization, and for some however, for lack of men and means at least years communications were blocked. Administratwenty-five calls to enter upon other new work tion was also decentralized, and remains so. But have necessarily been declined during this period more than this, the financial support of the worldof advance. True, not all the fields actually en- wide undertakings was very seriously affected. tered were accepted as an objective beforehand; During the many years of missionary operations nor has every field been permanently held. When endowments had been built up, largely from legthe appeal of Gutslaff caused Pagell and Heyde to acies, for the pensioning of retired missionaries be sent from Herrnhut in 1853, it was in the hope and for the education of the children of missionthat the great Chinese Empire might be entered aries while active in the regions beyond, for the from the west via India, up the Indus valley and training of teachers and ministers in the lands across passes of the western ranges of the Hima- where new churches arose, the last mentioned enlayas. But, under orders from China proper, of- dowments being especially needed in view of the ficials blocked the way by a boycott that prohibit- type of peoples among whom the missionaries ed the supply of food. So the pioneers remained worked-peoples not blessed with money power. at Kyelang, many thousands of feet above sea level and commenced Christian work among the lama- Practically all the funds invested in Germany ridden Tibetan-speaking Buddhists. In 1848 a were swept away in the crash of Germany's finanmission was begun among the terribly backward cial system through the War and the subsequent black fellows of Victoria, Australia, and was at- period of inflation, and business undertakings in tended with success. But it proved to be a minis- Africa and South America also suffered most seritering beside the death-bed of a race. So their ous losses. A very heavy debt of honor now rests kinsfolk in North Queensland, reputed cannibals on the Moravian Church for the care of retired though they were, received the attention of Mora- missionary veterans and for the education of the vian missionaries, who were backed by the finan- children of those in the service. Indeed, the cial support and the practical sympathy of devot- American Province North in the United States is ed Presbyterians in Australia. Since the World so conscious of this, that it proposes to start build- War this last field has been wholly taken over by ing up a special fund as a chief feature of its bithe Presbyterian Church of Australia. centenary celebration, notwithstanding the pres- ent general depression. The Influence of War In spite of the seriousness of the present mis- During the past period of missionary advance, sionary situation and in spite of the causes for as in the former, war proved to be a mighty hin- anxiety the American Moravian Church perceives drance. The Kaffir mission in South Africa re- very much reason to thank God and take courage, peatedly experienced this in the first half of the as it proceeds to keep this significant anniversary. nineteenth century. During the American Civil God has done great things for us, whereof we are War the Cherokee Mission was so disrupted and glad. When Count Zinzendorf died in 1760, about received such blows, that it never really recov- fifty missionaries were at work and the baptized ered. The great World War involved the intern- membership in the mission fields has been estiment of German missionaries in India and in mated at that time as about 3,000. In 1848 the East Africa as prisoners of war, sometimes under total membership in those fields was about 64,000. terribly trying circumstances, they being separat- At the outbreak of the World War the total baped from wives and children, all being ultimately tized mission membership was 100,606. The latrepatriated. In East Africa it carried with it the est available statistics give a total of more than desolation of mission stations, involving heavy 135,400, served by 262 missionaries from the financial losses, at least temporarily put an end to home lands and 51 ministers and 16 assistant mineducational work in general and the training' of isters of the newer churches, with 408 of their native church workers in particular. In recent fellow-countrymen formally authorized to conduct years disturbances in Nicaragua have involved religious worshjp. In 240 mission day schools the martyrdom of a missionary and the temporary 40,806 children were being taught by 716 teachers. withdrawal from several important centers of ac- The ten advanced schools had 282 students in tivity, Indian converts taking refuge in the bush. charge of 32 teachers. Labrador, Alaska, Cali- fornia, the West Indies, Honduras, Nicaragua,

Demerara, Dutch Guiana, South Africa, East philus Solomon Schumann, the Apostle of the Equatorial Africa, the Western Himalayas and Arawaks in Berbice, who was permitted to bap- Jerusalem with its home for lepers, all of them tize more than four hundred Indians during his yet offer a scope for the zeal of the successors of comparatively brief day of work. Grunewald, Dober and Nitschmann. Sieboerger, and other missionaries in Nicaragua From the standpoint of missionary strategy gave the Miskito Indians the New Testament, realone the spending of energy among so many vari- vised by George R. Heath. A harmony of the ous backward peoples, in place of concentrating Gospels in Kaffir was the work of Moravian mis- on some one or two large nations that had de- sionaries, though the Kaffir Bible, printed in Lonveloped a native type of culture, may be open to don in 1879, was the work of Scotch missionaries. criticism as not being the best missionary policy. The New Testament, which in part or the whole But from the days of Count Zinzendorf, the Mo- has been done into four languages of what is now ravian Church has regarded it a duty to follow Tanganyika Territory, as well as hymnals and what seemed to be the call from our Saviour to manuals of doctrine came from the pens of misgo where great need existed among otherwise neg- sionaries of Herrnhut and of Berlin. Augustus lected people. Moravians have long been aware J aeschke, Heyde and Redslob and Augustus Her- that this entails special difficulty in bringing the mann Francke have as their common monument new churches to the stage of self-maintenance in the New Testament in the classical Tibetan, and men and means as a basis for further self-expan- Francke translated St. Mark's Gospel into four sion. Their first fruitage among the -ordained little known dialects of the Western Himalayan ministry of the newer churches was John Buckley, region. Space will not permit a recounting of ordained in Antiguae in 1856, when the abolition works prepared in connection with missionary unof slavery was of comparatively recent date. dertakings that failed of permanence. Schools for the training of native teachers had their start with the founding of the normal school It goes without saying that in the two centuries in Genadendal in Cape Colony by Bishop Hallbeck many Moravian missionaries have laid down their in 1838. lives for Christ's sake, some being lost at sea, many carried off by fevers, and some being On the other hand, the fact that -many of the martyred, like Carl Bregenzer recently at his early missionary undertakings were a m 0 n g post in Nicaragua. Yet God permitted many to slaves or among races that had felt the impact of give notably long years of service. The veteran Europeans simplified the linguistic approach. apostle of the Delawares, David Zeisberger, was Negroes cruelly torn from tribal homes in Africa active for sixty-two years. In the early period of acquired some use of their masters' speech; thus the Greenland Mission quite a number had more arose the "Negro-English" of the American trop- than forty years to their credit and Jacob Beck ics. This rendered the translation of the Scrip- was at work there for fifty-four years. In modern tures and of hymns a comparatively easy task. times Augustus William Heyde retired from the Similarly in South Africa the Hottentots substi- Tibetan mission in 1903, after more than fifty tuted the Dutch of the Cape for their own tongue. years in the field, and Frederick Augustus Hagen- But in many cases Moravian missionaries had to auer, who retired in 1907, gave more than fifty do linguistic work of a high order as pioneers in years to the black fellows of Victoria. Clement the opening up of strange languages or even in Oehler served at home in America and in the the reduction of these to writing. Moravian mis- West Indies and, though in retirement, is still sionary literature embraces 718 works in 17 lan- active after more than fifty years of service; and guages or groups of languages. The Bible or sep- Frank Wilde in J amacia, though technically rearate books of the Bible will account for 185 tired, does the full work of a missionary and may, works. John Beck and John Conrad Kleinschmidt please God, soon round out the half-century, while and Samuel Kleinschmidt are names that stand a number of others, like William Weinland, first a out in connection with the translation of the Scrip- pioneer in Alaska and then in Southern California tures into the Eskimo of Greenland. A. Erdmann among the Indians, and several in the West Inand Theodore Bourquin and Albert Martin are dian work, like Augustus B. Romig, and Bishop remembered in connection w.ith Labrador. Edwin C. Greider, went on well towards that mark.

"The Lord hath done great things for us, where- Various missionaries have done like work in of we are glad." Our special yearning at this connection with parts of the New Testament for time is for a season of refreshing from the pres- Alaska. In his more than sixty years of active ence of the Lord, that a renewal of our days may service among the various clans of the Delawares be brought about, with the coming of power from ::md the Six Nations, David Zeisberger was in- above, for more implicit obedience to the call and defatigable in literary work, and so was Theo- ~ more efficient consecration.

The Princeton Declaration on the Church and Missions A group of leaders, deeply interested in the development of greater missionary interest in the home church, and larger spiritual fruitage in the work abroad, met in Princeton on April 12th. There were present missionaries, pastors, laymen, seminary professors and board secretaries. These did not officially represent any organizations but met informally for con- ference and prayer. After careful consideration of the present crisis, through which many boards are passing, the following statement was adopted.

In the next issue of THE REVIEW we expect to publish extended comments on this State- ment, especially as it relates to the causes of apparent decline in missionary interest in the home churches and the supreme need of the hour. The Princeton Statement is signed, in be- half of the group, by a special committee consisting of Dr. Robert E. Spear of the Presbyte- rian Board of Foreign Missions, Dr. C. S. Cleland of the United Presbyterian Church and Dr. T. H. Mackenzie of the Reformed Church in America. It is as follows: In response to the call of the Committee of Foreign Missions of the Western Section of the Alliance of the Presbyterian and Reformed Churches, a group of members and officers of the foreign missionary agencies of some of these churches (the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., the Presbyterian Church in the U. S., the United Presbyterian Church and the Re- formed Church in America) met in Princeton on April 12, 1932, and after a day of prayer and conference and discussion voted to record: 1. Their gratitude to God for the measure in which, in spite of difficulties and finan- cial depression, their churches have been enabled to maintain their foreign missionary work; 2. Their assurance that by the blessing of God these churches will in due time restore and enlarge their work abroad and will go forward to the full accomplishment of their duty in association with the national Christian churches which have been established and with which it is their joy to cooperate; 3. Their unfaltering confidence in the true basis of missions; in the great acts of God for the redemption of mankind, and in particular in the historic fact and the univ~rsal meaning of God's deed in sending His only begotten Son to be our Saviour, and in His incarnation, His life and teaching, His death on the Cross for the redemption of the world, and His resurrec- tion as the beginning of a new God-given life for redeemed humanity; 4. Their conviction that the uniqueness and universality and absolute significance of Christ and His Gospel must be unswervingly maintained by our churches against all move- ments of syncretism or adjustment which compromise or imperil belief in the aloneness of our Lord Jesus Christ and the unique indispensableness of His Gospel, and that nowhere save in this truth of Christ and about Christ is there any hope for the love and righteousness and power of redeemed human lives and a redeemed human society; 5. Their joy in all the movements of change, or turning and over-turning, in the atti- tudes and conceptions of men's minds, in missionary methods and processes, in political and economic conditions, in the Church and in the world, which serve to lead men to Christ as the only Lord and Saviour, and to bring Christ to His rightful place as the only Lord and Mas- ter of mankind.

6. Their abiding faith in the Church as the enduring agency of the Gospel and their re- liance on the Holy Spirit as the sole source of its power.

7. Their deep sense of the need of prayer and their hope that all to whom God has entrusted leadership in the missionary enterprise should realize that prayer is their most important work; that prayer should be the atmosphere and spirit of our mission board of- fices, and that in missionary cultivation throughout the churches primary emphasis should be laid upon the development and strengthening of prayer groups and upon individual interces- sion.

Foreign Missions Cost Too Mu.ch'?

By the REV. CLELAND B. McAFEE, D. D., LL. D.

..:( New York j:..

Author of "Changing Foreign Missions"; Executive Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

A COMMON objection to current foreign mis- (a) Administrative costs may be carried in £".. sionary work is that its administrative small items at many local points. Pastors, church costs are too high. Most of its critics officers, women, committees of higher church have passed the point where men scoffed at bodies could and do carry many such items of "spending ninety cents of each dollar to get the service. Few can give full time to them; they other ten cents to the mission field." That was are compelled to slip the added expense of time never true, unless possibly in some irresponsible and money into busy lives otherwise supported.

organizations. The larger Mission Boards and Independent or voluntary agencies for mission- Committees have never de- ary work sometimes announce served such unfounded criti- that there are no costs for ad- cism. Does it "cost a dollar to send ministration and that all con- But there is a more rational a dollar" for missionary work tributions go direct to the field. This really means that some criticism of "too large an in foreign lands? If not, men give their money entirely overhead" expense. It is diffi- how much does it· cost and cult, however, to tell exactly w,hat is rightly chargeable to or largely to support the home where "overhead" ends and missionary administrations? end of the enterprise, paying the actual work begins. Busi- Why is it necessary to have the cost of securing and admin- expensive headquarters and ness organizations exist for the to employ so many salaried istering the money to support purpose of making money and officers and clerks? Dr. Mc- the work at the foreign end. they count it wise to spend Afee, who has wide experience Somebody must pay the necesmoney in order to get money. in the pastorate, in the theo- sary costs of administration Missionary agencies exist for logical seminary, in mission- and promotion. If a volunteer the purpose of extending the ary travel and in Mission worker can use time otherwise Kingdom of God by the wise Board Executive work, an- requited or living otherwise spending of money, not to make swers these questions clearly. provided, he must not theremoney. They are compelled to Most criticism comes from ig- fore have the impression that spend money in order to raise norance rather than from this obviates administrative money, and it is difficult to cost. Every Mission Board reknow where the line should be knowledge of the facts. ceives a large amount of volun- drawn in "overhead" costs. tary service for which it makes Still it remains true that all no payment in money, but as observers of missionary agencies should be the work grows it requires more complete atten- concerned lest the administration of the work con- tion than can be given by the odds and ends of sumeS too much of the available funds. Adminis- time and strength of busy people. The problem is trative staffs may become too large, administrative to determine when that time comes and then to salaries may be too high, administrative programs prevent the work of salaried people from cutting may become too heavy and expensive, administra- off the service of volunteers. Much of the work of tive methods may become too intricate. the Boards is really the business of people in the Most Mission Board officers and members con- home church, pastors, officers and others. Com- sider that the costs are higher than they wish, but mittees of church members and officers might do they mean that they are more centralized than most of the promoting and collecting, the spread- they ought to be. A large work cannot be car- ing of information, the maintaining of inspira- ried on effectively without expense and consider- tion, and the like. It is exactly this that causes able expense. This expense may be distributed at most of the overhead cost in the missionary en- three points. terprise. Churches which have retained this local [275 ]

activity have low "overhead" in their Boards. In necessities. Christians live in their Father's churches whose salaried workers have taken over world and He cannot mean them to live in a nigthis responsibility, relieving local leaders of the gardly fashion. Missionary homes steadily imburden, the "overhead" is high. Much work must prove as the pioneer stage passes; facilities for be done to maintain the interest of the home travel increase and the allowances for various inchurch and to increase its gifts. If this were terests, and more elaborate equipment, all call for done by local leaders, it would distribute the load more and more money. How much of this is unof missionary costs in such small amounts that it necessary "overhead" and how much is to be would not be oppressive anywhere. The irony of charged to direct missionary work? Clearly the it is that local leaders who fail to do this often money is not wasted, for it puts better facilities resent the activity of their central Boards and at the disposal of the most carefully selected group Committees in trying to make up for such failure. of workers now in the service of the Church. It would be a counsel of perfection to suggest Thoughtful missionaries everywhere are setting that all of this work might be cared for by local themselves to watch the whole outlay with care leaders, for the central agencies have access to and to guard against scaling the work at too high knowledge and inspiration which local leaders expense. cannot secure directly; it is wholly possible, however, that much has been undertaken by central The Home Office agencies which really belongs to local workers whose service would greatly enrich the whole en- (c) There remains that administration which terprise. is generally the one in mind when "overhead" and missionary costs are questioned-namely, the Field Administration Expense home Boards and central agencies. These have their headquarters either in a rented place or (b) Part of the administrative costs are on the owned building, or possibly in the back parlor of field. As missionary work grows larger it proves a kindly person who does the work at night, or necessary to have certain unifying organizations in a minister's study where the pastor gives of his and agencies which lift the load from the mission- own time or that of the church. At the long last aries in their distinctive tasks. It is a waste of all this has to be paid for. There are secretaries, time for the average missionary to be treasurer treasurers, clerks, messengers, speakers, departof a large mission. It requires bookkeeping, ments increasing in number and size as the work reckoning in local currencies, watchfulness that grows. This third administrative force is the benevolent gifts are rightly applied-a skill and most obvious one and its costs are most easily time which the average missionary does not have. calculated, but it is only one of the three. As This involves a mission treasurer, who will give either of the other unloads responsibility, the cenmore and more time to the work as the mission tral agency has to take it up. And this explains develops. Field problems arise also, and it be- much of its cost. What local leaders do not carry comes necessary to set apart capable men for ad- must still be done. Each denomination or church ministrative work, to go on short notice to a place body has laid on its Mission Board the duty of of complication or danger, to give advice where maintaining the work, so that any reduction of difficult situations arise, to determine policies, to local leadership shifts the work increasingly upon hold the work in balance. All the larger Boards the Board. This centers the costs at one point, try to increase the administrative work on the sometimes making them seem unduly high. The field and to reduce it at the home end. More ques- same amount, spread over the local leadership, tions are settled on the field and fewer are re- would be counted reasonable. served for home offices. This is administration as truly as though it occurred in New York or In the same way, until decisions are made on London, but because it is on the field it is not the field, they must be made in home offices and usually reckoned as "overhead." they are safe only if there are consultations by several minds. Many decisions so involve But even here there is reason to be watchful. the home church that they cannot be made on the The entire missionary enterprise can easily be field. It is necessary to have a home office, sensiscaled on too high a standard of expenditure, tive to what the home church may be expected to though this is seldom a fault. Many missionaries provide in men and money and prayer. This inlive too simply and rigidly for their bodily endur- volves a staff of varying size according to the deance. A few have independent means or are velopment of the work. A Board with an annual aided by friends. Most people in civilized lands turn-over of four million dollars cannot handle are now living beyond the point of real need and the money carelessly or without consideration; it have made of their fathers' luxuries their own cannot wisely leave decisions to hasty thinking by

DO FOREIGN MISSIONS COST TOO MUCH?

those who can give the work only the leavings of ference workers for six days and preachers or their time and strength. Capable workers must speakers on the Sabbath, often with wearisome be employed and their salaries must be provided. travel added. Those who have independent incomes, as some have, can carryall or part of their living costs Other central costs of administration are those themselves. If not, they must be cared for out of receiving, caring for and transmitting funds of available funds. If special funds could be se- according to the will of donors; providing and iscured for salaries and other expenses, so that mis- suing promotive literature; guiding local leaders sionary gifts shall not be used for this purpose, on points which are better known to the central this merely would mean that a few individuals agency because of its contact with the field; seshall be asked to pay for the transmission and curing and caring for candidates; furnishing itinsafeguarding of the gifts of others. Good judg- erant speakers; meeting and speeding furloughed ment would suggest instead that all gifts pay and returning missionaries; purchasing supplies their own way. This demands that costs shall be ordered from the field both for general and perkept at the lowest point consistent with good ad- sonal use; caring for medical requirements of ministration. candidates and furloughed missionaries, maintain- ing inter-church and inter-board relationships for As a matter of fact most missionary agencies the prevention of duplication and confusion on the move on a much lower financial scale than the field and at home; keeping accurate and helpful lichurches which they represent, they provide lower braries and files-in short, standing helpfully besalaries than pastors of comparable standing in tween the home church and the field force, servthe church. Indeed, it is often difficult to secure ing both. the services of men who are wanted on board staffs because they do not think they can afford to All this involves financial outlay, and without accept the financial provision offered. The offices constant care the costs creep up. But there is of many boards are far less adequately equipped much less ground for criticism of these agencies than the studies of pastors in the same cities; the than the critics generally think. In proportion to demands on board workers are apt to be on the the work required, they are on a scale quite as seven-day week scale, for they are office and con- modest as other church agencies, and on a far more modest scale than business enterprises of the same dimensions.

"Nights With God" In Auckland By the REV. A. S. WILSON, J!: ..

Christchurch, South Island, N. Z.

H ARRY DAWSON was an Australian busi- date arrived the same state of affairs was appar- ness man who represented a commercial ent. We finally decided to start "after Easter!" house in New Zealand. Since the pastor of the Grange Road Presbyterian Church in On Good Friday the workers made a house to Auckland was to be away, Mr. Dawson was asked house canvass to invite people to the meetings, to supply the pulpit one Sunday in January. He and many came back telling of the exquisite joy readily agreed to take the services for two Sun- of soul winning. A prolonged prayer meeting days, if the pastor wished it, and two nights a was held that night. week in addition. He had done a considerable amount of evangelistic work and offered to hold a In the quiet of eventide two young fellows, apshort series of mission services. January is a pealed to in the visitation, came seeking Jesus holiday month for New Zealanders and when the Christ. This so delighted the young workers that time came the church seemed unable to throw off they went out to look for others and held a prayer the holiday spirit. The officers agreed to postpone meeting on the footpath. The glow of the Spirthe series of special services, but when the next it's power was present. About midnight nearly everyone went home, but seven remained to spend the night in earnest prayer for the district

of Mt. Eden, for the city of Auckland, and for As a result of months of such a weekly rendezthe services. vous there arose the Prayer and Revival Cam- paign which aimed to help all the churches in Evangelistic meetings were held each night and their work. From this center various united another all night of prayer was announced. This evangelistic campaigns have sprung up and have time twenty-six attended and four were brought produced great results for the glory of God. in from the streets. Mt. Eden is a no-license district so that these wayfarers were quite sober. Dr. W. H. Pettit journeyed to Grange Road Three came out for Christ that night and joined early in the series to verify the reports of the the band of praying ones. Among this group happenings. So convinced was he that this was was a bright, educated young fellow, leader of the a work of the Holy Spirit that he addressed a big Christian Endeavor Society at the Tabernacle meeting of "Brethren" from various parts of the built by Thomas Spurgeon (son of C. H. Spur- city about the fruits of the meetings. They were geon) and now ministered to by the Rev. Joseph so moved that they arranged a series of special W. Kemp. Over seventy people came to the next prayer times all over the city. The wife of an night of prayer and the same glow and power was Anglican clergyman declared that she had never present. Every night the ordinary meetings went known such ease in approaching people about the on; in fact, they lasted for seven weeks. On Fri- things of God. The general manager of one of day evening they filled the body of the church and the largest business houses in the city said that many remained all night. On the fourth "all in all his years in Auckland no such spiritual atnight" meeting one hundred and forty stayed mosphere had been abroad. The Secretary of a until about 6 :30 a. m., and even then it was diffi- large New Zealand enterprise, who had not been cult to close. People in the city began to take near a revival meeting, became acutely conscious notice; these meetings became a topic of conver- of unhappy estrangement from God. He sought sation on trams and buses. Some were awed; a prominent Christian business man and yielded some treated it with scorn and ridicule. The himself to God. "nights with God" each Friday continued, the numbers soaring until some 250 were present. Many heard the word: "If I regard iniquity in From eight o'clock until midnight the meeting my heart the Lord will not hear me," and they was general with one or two addresses. Among stepped out to surrender for sanctification by the speakers were Rev. E. R. Harries, Chairman faith and for the fullness of the Spirit. No one of the Cambridge Convention; Mr. Chas. J. Rolls criticized or wondered for everyone seemed in and the Rev. Joseph W. Kemp of the New Zealand sympathy. Like Archbishop Leighton, they were Bible Training Institute; the Rev. John Laird, "driven from natural independency to make M. A., a Baptist; the Rev. R. C. Roberts, B. A., Christ all their strength." As Dr. Robert Dale B. D., President of Auckland Ministers Associa- said of some at D. L. Moody's gatherings in Bingtion; Dr. W. H. Pettit, the Rev. F. H. Radford, ley Hall, they came "anxious, restless, feeling Harry Dawson and the Rev. A. S. Wilson. after God in the darkness" and before our eyes their faces were filled with light. People came in goodly numbers. Grange Road is one of the oldest churches in Auckland, having The sense of unity in these gatherings was the been built by Bishop Selwyn in 1865. A quarter unity of the Spirit. A company of ministers of a century ago it was purchased by the Baptists were discussing the "all nights" sympathetically and has become a sacred, holy place to many. and with wonder. One of the oldest said: "What Passersby were amazed to see the old property has struck me is that at four in the morning the ablaze with light at one o'clock in the morning Anglican at one end, the Plymouth Brother at the and a score of cars standing in front. Songs of other, and all the denominations between, strike praise were led by the pipe organ and the over- the same note." Glory to Jesus Christ, the wonflow of joy was very reverent. At midnight the derful Saviour! worshipers passed to the Social Hall singing "We're Marching to Zion." There the atmos- We are reminded of the words of Bishop phere became like heaven upon earth. There was Moule: "The secret of continuance is taking earnest crying to God that He would look upon pains to keep up intercourse with God." The Auckland as Christ looked upon· Jerusalem. For- "all nights" remind us of the intercessions of eign lands were also remembered and God heard, Jesus when not by streams of penitents, but by reviving His own people and leading them to engage in per- Cold mountains and the midnight air sonal soul winning.- Witnessed the fervour of His prayer.

THE SON OF KING MSIDI, WITH HIS HEADMEN AND MUSICIANS, READY FOR A

"In the Reign of King Msidi"

What the Missionaries Faced in Africa Forty Years Ago By MRS. JOHN M. SPRINGER, Jadotville, Central Africa Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church T HE sun shone brightly on the capital of Few doubted the guilt of the queen and her Msidi at Bunkeya, the Congo, in the heart older son, Mungo. All the other five hundred of Africa. The city was washed clean by wives of Msidi were sure of it, and the young the torrential rain of the preceding night. But wife, Tava, hated Mataya with venomous jealthe great capital was wholly unmindful of the sun ousy and longed- with all her savage heart to see or of the rain-washed town. If anyone gave a Mataya stoned and her body pulled limb from thought to the rain, it was to trust that it would limb. Then she, the beautiful Tava, would be ingive a good crop of corn, or mealies (mataba). stalled as queen. She stood among the other women, silent, scornful, hated by them as much as For the entire village was concerned with one she hated Mataya. It was a town where hate thought, "Would Queen Mataya be proved guilty reigned supreme. of witchcraft and of causing the death of her younger son, Muti, who had been killed in This was in December, 1887. Msidi, the king, battle?" sat on a low stool under his verandah. He was a [ 279]

man of about 60, stout but vigorous, with power- of things. The sorcerers were brilliantly and ful, sinewy muscles. His round, almost childlike fearsomely painted, bedecked with feathers and face, utterly belied his character. A short, snowy with fantastic apparel and headgear. They were beard covered his chin. He was king by right of watching the bones while the king was watching prowess and unrelaxing tyranny over the whole the diviners. country. His name carried terror throughout Central Africa. Msidi had his share of superstition but he also had knowledge of the methods o{ the ngangas. King Msidi's eyes took in the whole scene with- They were clever politicians and tricksters. They out seeming to see anything. He saw Mataya, would bear watching, especially the wily Tombo. now middle-aged, beginning to grow fat like him- Msidi knew that Tombo had good reason to hate self. She was sitting on the ground near her elder Mataya, for she had once reported his plots to son and favorite. The king did not like this son, Msidi in time to frustrate them. Tombo had laid in wait to get his revenge. LUBA WITCH DOCTORS WITH THEIR IMPLEMENTS OF TRADE Molenga, Msidi's brother, had been the one sent nor did he trust him; but always preferred Muti. to fight the rebel villagers and Muti had been sent Perhaps Mungo had killed Muti to get him out of with him. Molenga now sat at one side with a the way. "Yes," thought Msidi, "and he might do hundred or more of his warriors around him. He the same to me if he got the chance. Well, the might need them. One never knew. If worst chance had not come yet." came to worst he would die fighting and not like a dog. His lips tightened and he ground his From the corner of his eye he caught a glimpse teeth. of Tava's face. A beauty! As beautiful as a diamond-backed puff-adder and just as trust- Molenga was also superstitious, and he was likeworthy! She was ready to strike now with her wise shrewd. He and Tombo had been together deadly fangs. Today it was Mataya and her son. from youth; they had wrestled and fought to- Tomorrow she would strike the king, if she gether and had engaged in games of skill. They thought her would-be paramour, Tombo, could get had also experimented at witchcraft and knew the throne. Tava would bear watching. something of these clever sleight-of-hand per- formances. He knew Tombo's ambition; he would In the open space in front of Msidi sat the get rid of Mataya and Mungo; then he, Molenga, clever Tombo and his group of ngangas (witch would be next and the final blow would be aimed doctors) divining with bones, stones, toe-nails, at Msidi. bits of leaves, bark, elephants' tails and all sorts Molenga mentally decided that Tava, that slim beauty with the eyes and heart of a cobra, would also bear watching.

Tombo rose to his feet like a man in a trance. The bones had spoken and as chief nganga he must give their message. He began to sing in a dreary wail and to sway from side to side, holding the onlookers spellbound. He reminded Msidi of a snake about to strike.

"Muti come to the hut of Mataya," he chanted in high falsetto. "He want gun; he with Molenga go fight. Mungo say, 'Why you go? Msidi no love you; chief he no love me. Why must we fight his battles?' "

A murmur like distant thunder greeted these words, for the mob felt that Mungo was as good as dead already. How their fingers itched to get at him! The witch-doctor continued: "Mataya now say to Mungo, 'Unfwa, listen! Give him gun. What matter if he be killed! It is not the king who will mourn him. Let him go and die.' "

That seemed to settle Mataya's doom. "This is the word of the spirits," wailed Tombo, "this is the word of Tombo and the ngangas who divine the things of darkness. This is the word

"IN THE REIGN OF KING MSIDI"

of Muti who speaks by the divining. Tombo give two prisoners. His heart was sick with the con- Muti charms. No bullet can hit Muti when he stant witchcraft, bloodshed and violence. wears the charms. Muti sleep; in the darkness the evil spirit of Mungo come out of his body and It took extraordinary faith and grit for Fred go to Muti. His spirit take away the charms and Arnot to spend five of youth's best years in getgo back the same night to Mungo's own body. The ting to this capital of Msidi. It took courage to next morning Muti go to battle without charms. keep on going toward the city when he was told The bullet come; it pierce the body of Muti; he that Msidi had vowed to place the head of the die. He know then that his mother, Mataya, and first white who should enter on a long, sharp stick his brother, Mungo, they make him die." in the center of the capitaL In another minute the savage mob would dash A KATANGA WITCH DOCTOR IN FULL DRESS the two victims to death, tearing them apart. The people insanely thirsted for blood. Yet not one But Fred Arnot never wavered. He spoke to of them dared to lift a finger until the king spoke. God about it and then went calmly forward. His For a few seconds King Msidi was silent, but he head was still on his own shoulders, and he was dared not keep the mob waiting long. now expecting the arrival of two other white men -Swan and Faulkner. Then he could leave for Once he loved Mataya. She has been true to Scotland, recuperate after five years of extreme him. Tava could rouse his passion, but he could hardship and return with reinforcements. never trust her. Still he must not lose his hold on this herd of dogs. Hyenas! How he hated them! As soon as Msidi received the news of the com- No one had any clue to the thoughts behind the ing white men he saw a way whereby he could king's masked'face. At last he spoke: save his face and his wife and son also. With his usual dignity, he rose to his feet and said in a "The spirits say that Mataya and her son are clear, loud voice, "I must haste to send messenguilty of the death of Muti. I, Msidi, will see gers to meet the white man. You are dismissed. that my son is shot dead. I will hold Mataya that The white man shall not find blood when he comes. she may see it done. I will attend to her later. This is my son; this is my wife. Let no one touch them. I am Msidi, and I will do the execution."

It was a daring thing even for the powerful tyrant; but he liked to do daring things. He loved to do the unexpected and to show his power. Whether he could have curbed the madness of the superstitious crowd would have been hard to say. But at that very moment a runner pushed his way through the crowd and, throwing himself at Msidi's feet, rubbed white clay on his face and chest and shoulder to show that he had a white heart. Then he sat back on his heels and clapped his hands three times.

"Mutende (peace) ," said the chief. "Speak r What news?"

"I come from the Abalungu, white men. Two suns ago one he sleep at Molenga. The other, he sick; come polipoli (slowly). The mulungu is on the path now and arrives today. I come to tell his message."

Tava veiled the passionate hatred in her black eyes and Mataya hid her sudden joy and relief behind her lids. As for the volatile crowd, it now forgot all about the two victims in the excitement of a white man arriving, for in those days white men were scarce in Central Africa.

Only one white man had so far dared venture into Msidi's kingdom. The missionary, Fred Arnot, had come and at this moment was standing on his little verandah on the hill overlooking the town and wondering what would be the fate of the

I give Mataya my pardon. My son must go to a hideous, wanton, callous cruelty which the young far country. I will not have him here. I have missionary could never forget.

spoken." On another occasion, when young Swan re- That same day Msidi received Mr. Charles A. turned from hunting to supply his need for meat, Swan, as he had received Mr. Arnot. He was as he entered the town, he saw two of the king's even more cordial, and much to the embarrass- soldiers rush out upon two women and run them ment of the young man Msidi sent him a present through with their long spears, and drag the of fifty wives, each one loaded with grain. It hearts from the victims before their bodies fell to was a ticklish situation, for there was reason to the ground.

fear that, if the women went back discarded, they He went to the chief and denounced the men would all be put to death. Mr. Swan managed who had committed the brutal outrage, but Msidi to refuse them in a way not to offend Msidi, and looked at him with a slight twinkle of amusement the women were taken back into the king's harem. and, speaking as to a fractious child, said, sooth- ingly, "There! there! Swana, why make such a Later, when he was better acquainted with fuss! They were only women!" Msidi, Mr. Swan said to him, "Msidi, how many wives do you have?" One day the chief sent for him to come and greet his favorite wife, Chitompe, who had just The king gave him a sly wink and said, "Did come back from a war expedition. "On reaching you ever try to count the raindrops as they fall '! the king's place," said Swan, "we saw the King Neither can I count my wives. Perhaps there are coming out with a head-dress of parrots' tail five hundred. But I will let you have half of feathers; his body and his arms were covered them." Msidi had a sense of humor. with cloth of gaudy colors, and his face whitened with pipe clay (sign of a white heart). The king was proud of having a white man in his capital. He was shrewd enough to realize that "Then came Chitompe, borne on her litter, he could not always keep out the white men, and dressed in a similar manner. The warriors folit would be well to have a missionary at court as lowed, walking slowly and singing their war a friend, or, perhaps, as a buffer. chant, while the skulls of their victims were car- ried either in their hands or dangling from their He often classed himself with the white men waists; one even had a skull hanging from his and would say to his subjects: "We are not dogs teeth. They began a monotonous dance amidst like you Bantu."

But he never quite understood the white man's the firing of guns, and then in an orderly manner, morals and tried to develop in him a more Spar- one by one, brandishing their spears, they laid tan character. He called Swan, "Swana," and the skulls at the feet of the king."

one day said, "Swana, there is to be a fine, official, Msidi was kind to his "Swana," but it was formal execution of prisoners, and I want you to hopeless to try to turn him from his evil ways. come and see it." At times he was like a kindly old Grandfather This was equivalent to a command and, though Jekyll, and then suddenly he would become a Mr.

the white man did not relish attending, he decided Hyde. Frequently he would arise from a night's that he could not avoid it. Both Arnot and Swan sleep or debauchery in one of his worst moods and were fearless hunters for game, but neither could would snarl, "M-m-m! Something's wrong. I feel countenance cruelties. Hoping that the execution it in my bones. It will not be right till I smell would have some semblance of dignity, Mr. Swan blood." Then he would give orders to have some met the chief and they went to the place of execu- poor wretch brought to his house and killed be- tion. Then he realized that the affair was consid- fore his eyes. "Swana" would try to reason with ered in the light of a fine sport. The poor him, but when in his better moods the king would wretches were trussed firmly and placed on their say patronizingly, "Ta, ta! Swana. You don't knees at regular intervals in a long row. Opposite know these dogs. I do. I know how to deal with each prisoner was an executioner-great, brawny them. This is the only way to keep them in savages, each with a long knife or cutlass in his hand."

hand. When all was ready, Msidi gave the signal, "They were a wild, savage lot," said Mr. Swan and the executioners all started at full speed. On forty years later; slaves which he had captured reaching the victim, each struck a tremendous for the most part, and, while fear made them blow just over the left shoulder blade, and, if the obey, they hated him and he knew that many were blow was a success, he reached in and pulled out ready to kill him at the first opportunity.

the heart with a jerk. The one who did this first Eventually the thing which Msidi most feared was the winner and tossed the still palpitating came to pass. The Belgian officials arrived to es- heart back and forth among his fellows. It was tablish their government in the country. The

chief called "Swana" and told him to drive the to go to the sea without expense." He bade Msidi white men away. But Mr. Swan told the chief farewell, never to see him again.

of the pact made in Europe and that it was not The discovery of copper took Msidi into the possible to send them away. Captain Marinel copper country where he was warmly welcomed asked the young English missionary to act as in- by the chief, Katanga. Copper has been the terpreter, and he agreed on condition that there means of opening up all Central Africa and has should be no fighting started by the white men. resulted in the establishment of two large mining At the close of the interview the chief ordered centers-Elisabethvil1e and Panda-Likasi (now his men to clean out some large huts which were renamed J adotvi11e) . The latter is only sixty kilbeing occupied by his wives in the center of the ometers from Bunkeya, where Msidi's son, Mwentown, and these were turned over to Captain Mar- da, now lives. Motor roads lead from the capital inel and his men. to the railroad which intersects the whole conti- An hour or so later, while Mr. Swan was stand- nent from Lobito Bay on the west to Beira on the ing on the outskirts of the capital, chatting with east. the white men whose loads were being carried into the huts now ready for them, it seemed as Forty years passed before Mr. Swan saw Bun- 'if a gatling gun had suddenly gone mad. Bullets keya and the Katanga again. As he entered the flew in every direction, followed by shrieks of the wounded and terror-stricken inhabitant&. Before they could recover from their surprise, there came a tremendous explosion, and soon the grass roofs burst into flame. It seemed as if the entire town would be burned.

In the haste to carry out the chief's orders, the floors of the huts had been hastily swept, and the cooking fire, which is always in the center of a hut on the dirt floor, was not carefully cleared away.

The porters brought in their loads, and dumped them down carelessly, glad to return to their own country near Bihe. Many of the loads containing ammunition were dumped on the hot fireplaces where a few live coals still remained. The cartridges soon voiced their resentment and bedlam ensued. Msidi seemed quite indifferent to the loss of the huts or of the fifty or more people who were killed and wounded. Mr. Swan suspected he was glad so much ammunition was destroyed.

Captain Marinel suggested that Mr. Swan ac- LUBA. QUEEN AT KABONGO company him to Lusambo as interpreter and that (Note the Egyptian type af face) he then go down the river to Boma and to Eng- capital a host of neatly dressed Christians came land for a much-needed holiday. When he told out to meet him, singing hymns of praise and the chief that he was leaving, Msidi showed fear thanksgiving to God. It was an overwhelming for the 1irst time. "Don't go, 'Swana'," he begged sight for the man who had lived four years in with foreboding. "If you go the white man will those early days amid cruelty and bloodshed. kill me." But Arnot had already returned to Africa with a party of missionaries, and Dan Craw- "No one dared to accept Christ in those days," ford and a companion would likely reach Msidi's he said. "He would have been killed instantly town any day. had such a thing been known. The only man I ever knew to be converted in my time fled to a "It will depend on you," he told Msidi, "whether distant tribe where hE:' won many to Christ before or not you are killed. I have tried to be a true he dared return after the death of Msidi. . friend, but this wholesale murder cannot go on As soon as Msidi was ki11ed, the people scattered, forever. You would not believe me, and now you for most of them were captives and slaves. have begun to distrust my friendship. I can do no more, and other friends are near at hand. I "What changes we see today! They are inam worn down with hardship and fever, and have credible. Think of a beautiful church in Elisano money to travel, but this offer will enable me bethville and Christian natives to fill it! It is nothing short of a miracle."

Gandhi or Christ In

By C. L. SURY, B. A., LL. B. Lahore, India M AHATMA GANDHI'S pronouncement on tians showed their willingness to forego rights on the place of the Christian missionary en- the basis of communalism, so that the Christian terprise in the national regime for community was the only minor group to take a which he is working has caused a certain amount patriotic stand in the fundamental problem of miof concern amongst the serious-minded Chris- norities. Christian patriotism is rewarded with tians. It brings to the front a very important an injunction forbidding us share our spiritual aspect of religious liberty in India. The issue is experience with others. all the more grave because the Indian Nationalist leader, in spite of the professed largeness of his Mahatma Gandhi's conception of religious truth soul, has singled out one minor community-the is evident when he says that one religion is as Christians-to be the target of his observations good as another and that India does not need regarding what he calls "proselytizing." spiritual light from abroad. Truth is universal and is therefore incapable of being regarded the Mr. Gandhi's own co-religionist, Mr. Rama- property of anyone race or nation. But one peonand Chatterji, President of the last conference ple may have a much clearer view of truth than of the Hindu Maha Sabha in Karachi, declared another. that "the Hindus should be conceded their rights of proselytizing." That statement evidently has Dr. Wendell Thomas, who has made an exgone unchallenged by the Hindu Mahatma. No haustive study of the Hindu movements in the member of the National Congress has thought it United States of America, clearly shows in his fit to comment on the declaration of the President book "Hinduism Invades America" that none of of Maha Sabha. those movements could have made any progress if the Hindu missionaries had not been supported The Mahatma apparently is afraid to touch the by American admirers. Maulvi Sadar-ud-Din of major minority group, the Mohammedans, for he Sialkot, who, until his return to India, was the desires to cultivate a sort of peace mentality. Imam of Woking Mosque in London, has a ro- Anyone acquainted with the missionary work mantic tale to tell of the Ahamadiya Mission in which is being energetically carried on by the England. Ahamadiyas of Lahore and Qadian, can foresee the communal opposition which would follow if Dr. E. Stanley Jones, one of the most precious Moslems were denied the right to propagate their gifts of America to India, once illustrated the faith among others and to make converts to Islam. spirit of tolerance by quoting Voltaire, who said, The right to win converts is an important element "I disagree with everything you say, and yet I of both the Mohammedan and Christian religions. would fight to the death for your right to say it." On this, in the last analysis, will hang the satisfac·· As a follower of Jesus Christ, my Master in a tory solution of the communal problems in India. democratic form of government, I have a right to say that without personal regeneration through Indian Christians make suitable material for faith in Christ no one can have a clear concepa stable and constitutional government. This tion of political freedom. Mahatma Gandhi has fact, stated by the Bishop of Portsmouth, is sub- a right to accept the Sermon on the Mount as stantiated in times of political crises. At the truth, but not one has a right to restrict my lib- Round Table Conference, Indian Christians were erty to proclaim this Gospel as it has been made the only minor community whose representative, real to me. the late Mr. K. T. Paul, repudiated communal representation. This was done in the interest of No Christian believes in merely adding to the India's national welfare at a time when other number of adherents, but we believe in the evanmajor communities were fighting over the distri- gelization of the world. As evangelical bebution of the political loaves and fishes. lievers, we are witnesses and not advocates. In the words of the Master, "We speak that we do In the statement submitted by the Indian Chris- know and testify that we have seen." tian Conference to the Simon Commission, Chris- [284 ] MR. M. K. GANDHI AS A STUDENT AT OXFORD MAHATMA GANDHI AS A LEADER IN INDIA There is no freedom more fundamental than the Indians, as a nation, are communally-minded right to belie've and true liberty includes the right and as citizens we are sadly lacking in publicto share with others our experience of God's sal- spiritedness. Recent riots and our political convation. Christian conversion is a matter of first ferences serve as good mirrors showing us our old hand knowledge, both intellectually and experi- nature that needs to be changed. mentally. All men stand in need of spiritual conversion of this kind. Regeneration is a cre- Education may improve our old nature but canative act of God's spirit and is made possible by not change its essentials. Education is therefore entire surrender to God as he is made manifest inadequate. We need a thorough transformation in the person of Jesus Christ, the first step there- in our sense of values and in our very nature fore being an appropriating trust in Jesus Christ through direct contact with Him who is the Truth. as our personal Saviour. This will help us to become Christlike. "Truth shall make you free." My prayer therefore is that India may learn to appropriate both truth and freedom.

Why Missionaries Seek Converts Mr. Gandhi has been advising missionaries to keep to their philanthropy and to drop their efforts at conversion. He is interpreted to have implied that he would drive out missionaries if he could unless they were willing to accept his terms. His views of religion are those of a Hindu. A Hindu with his deeply-rooted belief in destiny cannot believe in converting others or in letting them convert him. Gandhi most definitely advocates that a man should abide in his own ancestral religion. This is part of the doctrine of Swadeshi. The missionaries listen to him courteously, and go on with their work in all its completeness, for Christianity is not like Hinduism in this matter-for it conversion is an essential doctrine.

EDWARD SHILLITO.

Christian Approach to the ]e-ws*

"~I By the REV. JJ'OewHishNWSor.kC, OBoNa~Nd IoNf NGa,tiDon. aDl .M, NisseiownsY, ork Tt. •.

Director of r Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

I T is a pathetic fact that the Christian Church semitism of Poland, Roumania, Germany, and in its approach to the Jews through the cen- other lands is driving the Jews in upon them- turies has rarely been Christian. Seldom has selves in self-defense. Though our own two it been wise. Prejudice and unchristian conduct, neighboring lands have given to the Jews a larger often fostered by an intolerant theology, have hid- liberty than they have ever known, there is yet den the face of Christ from the people that gave enough of prejudice and dislike to neutralize Him birth and with whose fol- much of the Christian mes- lowers they have always been sage. The Church that would in contact. The methods of ap- For hundreds of years the successfully interpret Christi- proach employed furnish the Jews in Europe were isolated anity to the Jews must give most shameful examples of in "the ghetto" or "Pale of diligence to the practice of its spiritual malpractice that any Settlement." The "Christian" fundamental ethic.

race has been called upon to approach to the Jews was In view of the number, qual- endure. with curses and reviling, with ity, and increasing influence of Across the years we see a sticks and stones. Is it any the Jewish people, it is amazpeople in an endless procession wonder that these Jews re- ing how little has been done by of suffering-here a massacre; viled in turn the Christian the Christian communions of Saviour? The result is seen there a multitude in exile; yon- in America today. But the North America to bring within der an auto-da-fe; at this point the sphere of their interest and communities of Jews driven in- atmosphere has c I ear e d. effort this historic race to to Christian churches on Holy Christians are studying the which they owe so great a debt. Cross Day to listen to tirades true "Christian approach to The first real steps that have the Jews" so as to commend against their faith and denun- the Gospel of Christ. Dr. Con- ever been taken by the Chrisciations 0 f the i r stubborn ning, who has been working tian forces of these two lands pride; at that point ignorant to consider unitedly their re- with and for Jews for nearly mobs, shouting "Christ-kill- half a century, presents here sponsibilities and opportuniers," perpetrating unutterable the way of approach that is ties within this field are of rewrongs against a defenseless cent origin.. Thirteen months the way of Christ. people-everywhere there have ago at the Home Missions Con- been legal discriminations and gress in Washington that great social ostracisms without num- representative body definitely ber. Scarcely a generation has passed since expressed its attitudes and convictions, and re- Pobiedonostieff, the Procurator of the Holy Rus- ferred to the Home Missions Council the task of sian Synod, set out to compel Jewish conformity appointing a committee through which the resolu- to the State Church by organizing pogroms in tions of the Congress might be translated into ac- Jewish communities. His policy, as he explained tion. Last May the International Missionary it, was: one-third will be slain, one-third will Council, under the leadership of Dr. John R. Mott, emigrate, and one-third will enter the Orthodox called together at Atlantic City a group of Chris- Church. tian leaders representing various Christian agen- It is against this background that Christianity cies in North America to consider the problems in America must make its approach to the Jews, connected with a Christian approach to the Jews.

for most of the Jewish people in this country have The findings of this conference are without doubt come from eastern Europe. Even now the anti- the most valuable contribution that has yet been • Report presented at the annual meeting of the Home Missions made to the study of this subject, and a North Council held in Toronto. January 4-6. 1932. American Committee was appointed to give effect [286 ] to the recommendations. The third and most tional practices have been faring badly. (2) important step was taken in September last, when Modern thought has made serious assaults upon these great missionary organizations decided to the citadel of orthodoxy. Science and philosophy coordinate their efforts in this field by the ap- have called in question its fundamental concepts pointment of a Joint Committee on the Christian and claims. They have scouted the notion of di- Approach to the Jews. This was made up of vine sanctions for its most hallowed customs. (3) representatives of the Home Missions Council, The secular spirit of our time which has been test- Council of Women, Federal Council and Interna- ing every faith has taken large toll from the synational Missionary Council. gogue.

The principles upon which such a service should The cumulative effect of these and other inflube projected are now rather well defined, but the ences has been to change the whole character and working out of an effective program carries us outlook of Jewish life. Departures from orthointo a field of relationships so complex that large doxy within Judaism may be roughly classified as sympathy and understanding are demanded. Conservative and Reform. All three, however, There are in addition unusual circumstances in constitute but a fraction of American Israel. The the Jewish life of America that emphasize the largest fraction, which renders no allegiance need and urgency of adventurous and construc- whatever to the synagogue, is comprised of at tive leadership. Indeed, there has probably been least three elements-the intellectuals, who have no period since Jesus walked the earth and Paul accepted a materialistic philosophy of life; the proclaimed his message in the synagogues of the working people, who have largely adopted socialdiaspora when the Christian faith had such an ism with its doctrine of human brotherhood as opportunity to commend itself to the Jewish peo- their religion; and that large class of well-to-do ple as it has today in America. irreligious, who give themselves to the pursuit of pleasure and gain. Modern Judaism This situation is giving the Jewish leaders the First, we should recognize that we have now in utmost concern. Their councils are filled with these western lands the largest and most influen- foreboding as to the whole future of their people. tial Jewry in the world. There are here approxi- Things are not as they were, and they realize that mately 5,000,000 Jews, one-third of the Jewish no amount of repining can turn back the hands population of the world. And here they are at on the dial. Their perplexity finds frequent and the peak of their experience with respect to free- varied utterance. Sometimes the blame is placed dom of opportunity, culture and achievement. In- on traditional Judaism and its failure to meet the dividuals and groups within Jewry will doubtless needs of modern life. Dr. S. M. Melamed thus occupy still larger places in the life of these two comments on orthodoxy in the Reflex: neighboring nations. Already the leadership of world Jewry has passed into their hands. What The Hebrew word galuth does not only signify disperhappens to the Jews in America will largely de- sion. Its true meaning today is "sighing under the yoke termine the future of their people throughout the of an oppressor." Rabbinic Judaism is a greater galuth world. In our plans for the extension of the for the Jew than all the oppressions of all the anti-semitic cause of Christ within our borders, we do well to governments combined. The reaction to oppression on the consider earnestly our relationship to this virile part of a government is either resistance or attempt at and resourceful people, who already sit at the revolution, but the reaction to the oppression of rabbinic springs of influence and give more than their Judaism is the destruction of the Jewish soul and mind. share of direction to the life of our people. Rabbinic Judaism is choking the Jews to death intel- lectually and spiritually. Then we should consider the revolutionary changes that have taken place in Jewish life and On the other hand, Reform Judaism also comes thought within recent years. The disappearance in for criticism because of its failure to meet the of the ghetto and the emergence of Jews into the present crisis in Jewish life. Dr. Solomon Goldcommon life of the world have had disastrous ef- man, in his recent book, "A Rabbi Takes Stock," fects upon their traditional beliefs and practices. says: In their new conditions they have met three disintegrating influences: The end of almost a century of religious conflict in Jewry finds neither Orthodoxy nor Reform with any vic- (1) Modern industrialism is a force with which tory to record: finds, rather, both so impoverished in spirorthodoxy had not reckoned, and against which it itual and intellectual resources that neither can hope to has been waging a losing battle. In the factory, meet the new chaJlenges of our own day. the warehouse, and the department store, the Saturday Sabbath, the dietary laws and other tradi- Another utterance in the same key was recently sounded by Rabbi Stephen S. Wise of New York, in one of his sermons on "The Agony of Israel," when he said:

The agony of Israel is that we bear ourselves for the Jewish working people socialism has taken the most part as if there were nothing to safeguard, nothing place of Judaism. They claim that its emphasis more to cherish, nothing left to preserve, and as if there on brotherhood and its call to humanitarian servwere to be no future-this the end. Religion! Are we ice adequately replaces the faith of their fathers. not becoming its destroyers rather than its guardians? Others are seeking satisfaction in new thought, There is something which calls itself religion current in ethical culture, theosophy, spiritism, Christian certain smug circles of Jewisb life bere and in otber Science and other modern cults. lands. For the most part it is nothing more than a poor pulseless imitation or simulation of a decorously unvital Christianity also is having its chance. The old mysticism. And save for this there is little, if any, so- antagonisms, bred in eastern Europe, grow less called religion in the household of Israel-orthodoxy being virulent in the free atmosphere of America, and almost as dead as reform. as the older generations pass. Jews today are more open-minded than they have been for many The difficulty of maintaining a Jewish life centuries. Many are examining the faith from under modern conditions is frankly recognized. which their fathers have been so long estranged. In one of his essays dealing with current religious They are reading the New Testament and other problems, Rabbi Mordecai M. Kaplan says: Christian literature. They are listening to mes- sages over the radio, and occasionally they visit The most heartbreaking disillusionment which we Jews Christian churches. A considerable number, dishave faced in our entire history has been the one follow- satisfied with Judaism, are finding the answer to ing the removal of our civil and political disabilities. The their deepest longings in the faith of Christ. It least we expected was that we would henceforth find it is estimated that at least 20,000 are now identified easier to be Jews. The fact is that it was never so hard with Protestant Christianity in America. to be a Jew as nowadays. Perhaps the most significant movement in Jew- The tie that binds most Jews together today is race rather than religion. A Jewish author and ish life within our generation is the changing atstudent of Jewish life remarked to me recently, when I suggested the possibility of a revival of titude of Jews toward Jesus. For fifteen cen- Judaism: "Religion is no longer a factor in J ewish life." It is for this reason that many Jewish turies no reputable Jew ever named that name. leaders are placing their reliance upon Jewish culture, rather than religion, for the survival of But the long silence ended definitely when Profestheir people. This is the underlying motive in modern Zionism. It is hoped that by a return to sor Klausner of the Hebrew University, Jerusathe ancient homeland of many thousands of Jews there will come about a quickening of national lem, published in Hebrew for Hebrew readers his consciousness which will stimulate Jewish life throughout the world. Arthur Ruppin declares scholarly and critical study, "Jesus of Nazareth." Zionism to be "the last desperate stand of the Jews against annihilation." The Zionist hopes of This has been followed by such volumes as Emil Jewish leaders, however, are not being realized as fully or as rapidly as they had planned. The Bal- Ludwig's "Son of Man," and Rabbi Trattner's four Declaration, as interpreted by the British Government, affords no basis for the aspirations "As a Jew Sees Jesus." The value of these studof extreme Zionists for an all-Jewish Palestine. The presence in the ancient homeland of an Arab ies in giving Jesus His proper setting in Jewish and Christian population five times greater than that of the Jews, who also claim their rights in life may be freely acknowledged, but the Jesus the land through many generations, must necessarily postpone the realization of Zionist dreams they portray is not the Jesus of the New Testato an indefinite future. ment or of Christian experience. It is a purely Religions Among the Jews human portrait that is set before us. In a day It would be a mistake, however, to think of the Jews as an irreligious people. The religious in- ~hen Christians generally are learning to apprestinct lies deep in the heart of the Jew, and many devout Jews within the synagogue bear testimony CIate the Man of Nazareth, as He is seen against to the spiritual values which they are finding in the practices of the ancient faith. Even among the background of His own land and of His own the large number who have forsaken the synagogue there are many who are eagerly searching times, Jewish authors do not hesitate to say that elsewhere for spiritual satisfaction. For young He was nothing more than that-the product of Jewish development on Jewish soil, a Jew who lived and died a Jew, who never claimed divinity, and never dreamed of founding a new religion.

Here we have a distinct challenge to the Church_ We need, in answer Jtoesutsh.eseThveoluJmeweis~h a new apologetic concerning situa- tion demands this of us.

From whatever point of view we regard this re- markable people we are summoned to consider what our approach to them should be. Any worthwhile Christian approach should include the following: (1 ) Understanding and appreciation. One reason why the work of interpreting Christ and

THE CHRISTIAN APPROACH TO THE JEWS

Christianity to the Jew has advanced so haltingly problem we have to face in a Christian approach. is that few Christians really know the Jew. He While there are in all our churches gracious souls lives in our midst and shares our common activi- who have conquered racial antipathies, there are ties. It is taken for granted that he is actuated also those who have never been delivered from the by the same motives, sees things from the same sway of primitive instincts and unregulated angle, and responds to the same appeals as our- prejudices. Any effective approach to the Jews selves. But the soul of the Jew is his own. He therefore involves a thoroughgoing educational has his own heritage. He has been shaped by his program in all our churches for the eradication own traditions. He views things through his of prejudices and the creation of truly Christian own eyes, and applies his own standards of meas- attitudes. The church cannot successfully at the urement. The constant complaint of the Jew is same time preach its Gospel and deny its fundathat he is misunderstood and that his religion is mental ethic. misrepresented. An important step in the cultivation of better This charge, without doubt, is largely true. Few attitudes was taken by your Joint Committee in Christians know anything of Jewish history sub- sending out the following message concerning our sequent to the New Testament period. They have relations with our Jewish neighbors at the Christlittle understanding of the long struggle for sur- mas season which was signed by the heads of alvival that has marked the passage of the Jews most all the church bodies and Christian organthrough the centuries, of the ill-will, injustice and izations in the United States and Canada: persecutions to which they have been subjected. They do not dream of the chasms of misconcep- At this season when the Christmas message of peace to tion and prejudice that separate Jews from Chris- men and good will is being sounded through the world, tians, of the bitter memories of personal and ra- we Christians of the United States and Canada, mindful cial wrongs that are cherished, of the unyielding that this message was first proclaimed in the land of attitude of opposition to Christianity that has be- Israel to the Jewish people and that it has come to us come an integral part of the Jewish tradition. through them, earnestly seek to emphasize its significance for us today believing that the message from ancient And, strange to say, little has been done to Palestine, if truly accepted, can mellow and exalt all hubring within the sphere of modern missionary man relationships and hasten the time when men shall study this great people whose religion is so closely dwell together in peace. identified with our own, and whose progress down the years furnishes more of vital knowledge, in- We deplore the long record of wrongs from which the terest and inspiration than can be drawn from Jewish people have suffered in the past, often from the the history of any other non-Christian people. We hands of those who have professed the Christian faith have textbooks for Indians and Mexicans, for and who have yet been guilty of acts utterly alien to Orientals and Negroes, but none for the race of Christian teaching and spirit. Jesus. Very evidently we are not going to get very far on our journey toward the Jew until we We declare our disavowal of anti-semitism in every form know something about his background and his and our purpose to remove by every available means its mental characteristics. causes and manifestations in order that we may share with our fellow citizens of Jewish heritage, every political, The Christian Attitude Toward Jews educational, commercial, social, and religious opportunity.

(2) In a Christian approach to the Jews there We urge upon Christians everywhere the cultivation of must be the cultivation of right attitudes. It is understanding, appreciation, and good will toward the a strange fact that Jews have rarely been popular Jewish people to whom we owe so much. We call upon all citizens in the lands of their sojourn. There are Christians as they commemorate the birth of Jesus at few lands in the world today in which it is not a Christmas this year, to join us, through personal influence, serious handicap to be a Jew. Even in our own the teaching of the young at ho.me and school, and in other land there is, in places, a pronounced anti-Jewish ways, in earnestly seeking the removal of anti-Jewish sentiment. Jews find themselves excluded from prejudices and their consequences and the advent of a certain hotels, apartment houses, clubs, and new era of friendly fellowship and cooperation w.orthy of schools, and in seeking employment they often the faith we profess. face the legend, "No Jew need apply." To a highly sensitive people such discrimination is a (3) In an approach to the Jews use should be constant irritation. Slights may be harder to made of existing agencies. The traditional apbear than blows. It is the existence of this proach to the ,Jew has been through a mission in spirit, in some measure within the Christian a ghetto, which dealt with immigrant Jews church, that constitutes the most embarrassing through Yiddish addresses and Yiddish litera- ture. As conditions of Jewish life change this method of approach can no longer meet in any adequate way the Jewish situation. The ghetto is no longer characteristic of Jewish life, and Yid- dish is less and less used by American Jews. The great majority of Jews today live in American neighborhoods, sharing the life of the people about them. They resent being singled out from

their neighbors for a separate Christian ap- working and aggressive and claim more than proach. For this unreached multitude, scattered their share of honors, with the result that preju- over many thousands of neighborhoods, new dices are aroused, and out of prejudices are born methods are necessary. ostracisms and dislike. The growing anti-semi- Fortunately we have in this country an un- tism in our educational institutions will test our paralleled opportunity to bring the Jewish people resourcefulness to the utmost. Conferences with within the range of Christian influence. Accord- student leaders, seminars, and round table confering to the "American Jewish Year Book" Jews ences of the Stanley Jones type are necessary are living in 9,712 different places in the United steps in the removal of bitterness and the mellow- States. The situation in Canada, in proportion ing of student contacts.

to the population, is quite similar. The signifi- (4) An approach to the Jews also calls for a cance of this fact is that today ninety-five per ministry of interpretation. It is important here cent of the Jewish people on this continent are that Christians should clarify their objectives in living in proximity to Christian churches or their approach to the Jewish people. Jews charge Christian neighborhood houses. There are many Christians with cherishing the deliberate purpose thousands of churches of the denominations rep- of destroying Judaism, the religion in whose resented in this Council that have Jews living in bosom Christianity was nourished, and the syna- their own parishes, and many of the neighborhood gogue, the spiritual home of Christ and all his houses have also Jews living at their doors. Ob- apostles. As a people engaged in an eternal viously we can no longer think of our responsi- struggle for survival in the midst of an alien en- bility to the Jews in terms of a mission here and vironment, such efforts are regarded with resent- there in a ghetto, we must think of them also in ment and with the determination to resist them terms of the many thousands of churches and to the uttermost. It is from the standpoint of neighborhood houses under the shadow of which survival that we must interpret most of the oppo- they are now living. We have here a normal, sition that Christianity encounters from the Jew- effective, and God-given opportunity to do some- ish people.

thing really worth while for the Jewish people. In this connection it is important for us to con- The local church and the neighborhood house have sider whether our aim is to proselytize and build in many ways the advantage. Hundreds of up the church at the expense of the synagogue or churches have already discovered that Jews, in- to evangelize or share with our Jewish brethren stead of being unreachable, are as responsive as the spiritual treasures we have found in Jesus other people to an intelligent and sympathetic Christ. So long as the synagogue refuses to have Christian approach. There is here a very call of fellowship with those of their own number who God to every church having Jewish neighbors. If have found in Christ God's answer to the cry of every church in the United States and Canada their hearts for peace and pardon and spiritual facing this opportunity accepted in some sp~cific power, so long will it be inevitable that such Jews way its responsibility, the aggregate of service will seek in the church the fellowship that is dewould far exceed anything that has hitherto been nied them in the synagogue. But that is the prob- attempted. lem of the synagogue and not of the church.

Such a service calls for conference with pastors Our primary concern is to share with the Jews and church leaders for the enlistment of local the evangel, the good news that centers in the perchurches in this program, and the organization of son of Jesus. As expressed in a finding of the groups for study and service. It also involves Atlantic City Conference: "We believe that, courses of lectures in seminaries for the prepara- having found in Jesus Christ, our Redeemer, the tion of those who will furnish future leadership supreme revelation of God and having discovered in this work. our fellowship with Him to be our most priceless There is also an alluring opportunity for serv- treasure and the only adequate way to spiritual ice among Jewish students in our colleges and life, we should have an overmastering desire to universities through student pastors and other share Him with others and very specially with Christian workers. This is a field that has those who are His own people according to the scarcely been touched and yet, if we are to mold flesh."

the relationships of our Jewish and Christian Anyone who is familiar with the approach of leaders of tomorrow, it is here that we must be- the Church to the Jews from the second century stow our earnest attention and ripest thought. on, must stand aghast at its failure to present to The number of Jewish students in our higher them the Christ. Of bigotry, controversy and schools of learning is out of all proportion to their antagonism they have had more than enough.

percentage of the population. They are hard Through such things the face of the greatest Jew

of history has been veiled from their eyes. It is to enter the whitened harvest field also emphanow our high privilege to make Him known in sizes the need of a united and worthwhile apterms of sympathy and understanding. The su- proach. Here for the first time in history Jews preme need of the Jews is Jesus Christ. Bewil- in large numbers are in contact with Evangelical dered and groping for their way, He is the an- Christianity, and they present to us the most swer to their quest. He is now beginning to searching test of its reality and power. There emerge in Jewish thought from the mists that can be no assured future for Gentile Christianity have enveloped Him. . They are coming under the in these western lands if we fail to discover an spell of His matchless personality, but they do not effective approach to the Jews. If we are sucknow Him. That requires contact with those cessful, it will have its repercussions throughout who have an experience to share and a spirit to the world. The work is vast and complex, and it exhibit. The supreme need in this field is inter- is only through our joint endeavors that we can preters. To enlist and prepare them is the find a solution for this age-long problem. To Church's urgent task, for the interpretation of bring about a rapprochement of Jews and Chris- Christ to the Jew requires more than words, it tians for the establishment of the Kingdom of demands the whole life. God within our borders is the responsibility that rests upon us and calls for our best thought, our This brief conspectus of the Jewish situation willing cooperation and our earnest prayers. on this continent and of the providential challenge Missions and the Present Crisis* The history of the Church shows that new op- to bear one another's burdens. Opportunities for portunity and fresh responsibility come at such sacrifice will emerge, which will throw men and times as these. The central fact in human affairs women back on God and draw them into closer is that Christ stands in the midst of His Church, Christian fellowship with one another. And as the very Word of God, identifying Himself with we realize that the situation contains the possihuman life and giving to men faith and hope and bility of such spiritual gains for all of us we shall love. The crisis is a trumpet call to turn all eyes be stirred to ensure that nothing God requires to God. from us shall be wanting.

The missionary societies have a special contrib- The young churches in non-Christian lands must ution to bring into the response of the Church to this call of God. They represent its world-wide have a special place in the hearts and prayers of mission and direct its work overseas, a work beset at the moment with great problems, but at- the home churches in this time of crisis. These tended with the most inspiring success. churches, ranging from large' communities to To the missionary committees will fall the task of adjusting resources to needs, but the necessary small isolated groups, are the sure pledge of the adjustments can be carried through with a sympathy and an understanding that will make the great world-wide Church of Christ that is to be. work not a hateful task but a sacrament. Christian statesmanship is called for so that the ad- They are all facing heavy odds with great courjustment of policy to the new situation may be truly constructive. Enriching cooperation is made age. The crisis will make big demands on them, possible as we get closer together to ensure that, while economies have to be effected, the Christian and it is our privilege to enter into such a deeper witness is not lessened but rather strengthened. fellowship with them, as they too make their sac- The supporters of the work-responding sacrificially, while themselves so hard hit-and the rifice, as may make the crisis a blessing both to missionary committees may both acquire a keener sense of stewardship as they envisage the position them and to us. The needs of the situation will of the men and women representing them on the frontiers of the Kingdom, and the hopes and fears call each member of the younger churches to more of the young churches in non-Christian lands. The missionary work of the Church is one of the great devoted personal service, and they will have much schools where at this time we may all learn anew to teach us of their experience of God in Christ • A Message from the Standing Committee of the Conference of Missionary Societies in Great Britain and Ireland. as they shoulder larger responsibilities and rely more entirely upon Him. '

Those who believe that in Christ lies the hope of the world will reckon up anew their resources in God. All the difficult roads of these days of crisis lead to God if we choose to turn our steps to Him. He has much to say to His Church if we only listen. The Church was founded and its mis- sionary work entrusted to it just for days like these. .

Lift up your hearts. We lift them up unto the Lord.

Parish Turner-A Friend

FelloV Servant D"lucaj By the REV. J. LOVELL MURRAY, D. Toronto, Canada 11="

Director of the Canadian School of Missions, Formerly Educa- tional Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement A FEW weeks ago there passed from view and the intercommunal fellowship of all Christian be- .I".. entered into the greater life, a prince of lievers. friends and a stalwart among the servants In the year 1897 he married Rose Vaughan, of of the missionary enterprise. He was distinctly Nashville, who continued to the end an inspira- a leader, but the word tion to her husband and a "servant" is the truer term tower of strength in his to write across his record. work. In the year of his He aspired only to be use- marriage Turner was called ful; it was his personal by the Student Volunteer gifts and qualifications that Movement to be its General kept him in the front line. 'Secretary. Those were the Fennell P. Turner was "early days" of the great born in Danielsville, Tennes- movement, which originated see, on February 25, 1867, at Mount Hermon in 1886 the son of Rev. W. A. Tur- and was formally organized ner, a minister of the Metho- two years later.. When Tur- dist Episcopal C h u r c h, ner took the lead in its first South. While still a Van- decade, its spurs had been derbilt University under- won and the crusading pas- graduate, he was for two sion of its youthful years years principal of Dixon continued to be powerful in Academy. He was gradu- the colleges. It was still in a ated in 1891 and entered formative period, its tech- Vanderbilt Theological Sem- nique was in the making and inary and also became as- many 'college presidents and sistant editor and business professors, mISSIOn board manager of the Tennessee leaders and religious jour- Methodist. Religious jour- nalists in the United States nalism won the competition and Canada were dubious for his interest, for he about its value and its per- dropped his theological work manency. It was Fennell after the first year and con- Turner, together with John tinued with the paper till FENNELL PARISH TURNER R. Mott, who continued as 1895. It was a turning Chairman of the Executive point in his life when in that year he was ap- Committee from 1888 until 1923, who gave the pointed State Secretary for Tennessee of the Movement an established place in the sun of Young Men's Christian Association. That was academic and Church approval. Their strong, the beginning of an unbroken connection with in- wise and spiritual leadership kept the aim of the terdenominational activities that lasted for over Movement single and fervent, its genius distinc- thirty years. Yet he was always Church con- tive, its orientation true. There were many bat- scious. He was to the end a shining example of tles to be fought, misunderstandings to be cor- the compatability of intense loyalty to one's own rected, budgets to be balanced, problems of organ- communion and fervent, active enthusiasm for ization and relationship to be solved. But no one [ 292] ever saw Turner lose faith or hope, dodge a diffi- pointing candidate secretaries. Going further he culty or decline a responsibility. He gloried in conceived the idea of an inter-board organization the fact that the Movement was a movement and in 1911 brought about the formation of the rather than an organization and that it had never Board of Missionary Preparation. In addition to drawn up a formal constitution and by-laws. But his other work he carried the responsibility for he kept our minds fixed on what he called the this useful and growing agency until 1916 when "fundamental principles of the Movement." the double duty became too great and President These principles on which he rang the changes Frank K. Sanders of Washburn College was called are still an unwritten constitution and to them to be Director of the Board.

the Movement owes much of its growth and influ- ence. With the Foreign Missions Conference He was a ceaseless, and at times a feverish toiler. For example, he took elaborate pains with As General Secretary of the S.V.M., Dr. Turner the literary tasks that often fell to him. Besides made it a point to keep in close personal touch initiating some important missionary publica- with all the "sending societies." The secretaries tions, he wrote several -pamphlets and magazine of these boards came to look upon him as a valued articles and edited a number of volumes, includ- colleague and in the annual Foreign Missions Con- ing reports of the Student Volunteer Movement ference, which he always attended, they recog- and other gatherings. He was equally careful nized his wide knowledge, sound judgment and about every other aspect of the work. "Take organizational gifts by appointing him to various nothing for granted" was one of his slogans. He important committees. In 1918 he was made was early at his desk and usually he was the last Recording Secretary of the Conference and in the to leave in the evening. If, as was true probably following year he gave up the General Secretary- twice a week, a light was burning in the office at ship of the Student Volunteer Movement to be- night, it was almost invariably in Fennell's room, come full-time Secretary of the Conference and of for he was a familiar figure on the night trains to its interim committee, the Committee of Refer- Montclair, New Jersey, where the Motts and Tur- ence and Counsel. In this highly important posi- ners made their home together. He had a charge tion he remained until 1925. Missionary leaders to keep and he was true to it; he had a job to do of all communions in North America know with and he let it monopolize him. His colleagues al- what devotion and success he carried forward this ways found him taking up the heavy end. He work with its many ramifications during those six carried his work about with him. Often in the crowded years. For its present position of dead of night when he would be wakeful and strength and usefulness the Foreign Missions wrestling with a problem he would click on a Conference is deeply indebted to the sagacity and light to jot down some idea that occurred to him energy of Fennell Turner. It was a service be- or some item that must not be forgotten. He mas- yond price or praise to the cause of missions.

tered his work and was mastered by it. Though It was natural that his talents, his broad inter- powerful in frame, he had some physical weak- ests and extensive knowledge should be drafted nesses and with these he dealt faithfully in every freely by other organizations. He served on the way except resting. At times when his physician General Committee of the World's Student Chris- urged the necessity for a vacation, he would say, tian Federation, on the Board of the American "I found that out off my own bat. But I'm put- Christian Literature Society for Moslems, on the ting it up to you to get me back to par while I am Editorial Council of the Missionary Review of the in the saddle." He did not choose to dismount. World, on the International Missionary Council, During his energetic administration the Move- on the Executive Committee of the World Alli- ment advanced steadily in the confidence of the ance for Promoting International Friendship mission boards and in its hold upon the student through the Churches, and on the Administrative life of North America. Up to the year of his Committee of the Federal Council of the Churches resignation 8,140 Volunteers had begun their mis- of Christ in America. He was a delegate to the sionary service in all corners of the globe. World Missionary Conference in Edinburgh in He was one of the first to take up seriously the 1910 and to the International Missionary Confer- problem of missionary training, which is twin ence in Crans, Switzerland, in 1920. He attended brother to the problem of recruiting, although it in 1916 the Panama Congress of the Committee has only been tackled in earnest in recent years. on Cooperation in Latin America (having been a Turner canvassed the subject with board secre- member of the committee of arrangements) and taries, missionaries and professors of missions. in 1925 represented the Foreign Missions Confer- He arranged conferences on the subject. He ence at the Montevideo Conference, held under helped several boards to see the necessity of ap- the same auspices.

In all of these relationships he gave his best. deal to me. Fennell was continuously enrolled in That he was chosen for so many important serv- the great Academy of Friendship. And he was ices was a high tribute to his abilities and wis- an apt student.

dom. Further recognition came when Hope Col- We soon recognized that in a sincere and unlege, Michigan, conferred the degree of L.H.D., affected way his life was truly spiritual, anchored honoris causa and when the Vanderbilt University in the realities of Eternity and God. When he Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa elected him to mem- entered any group or activity he seemed to bership in 1931. strengthen its religious tone. He often spoke of In 1925 he relinquished the Secretaryship of the the danger of organizations being "concerned Foreign Missions Conference to become Secretary more with mechanics than with dynamics." His of Missionary Education and Foreign Extension example was a quiet challenge to his colleagues to of the General Sunday School Board of the Meth- be better men. We found him to be unselfish at odist Episcopal Church, South. This meant that all times. He was ready and glad to work with- he had "fetched a compass," for he was now back out recognition. He wanted results, not credit.

in his beloved Tennessee and in the particular Many an idea was set forth, for which the kudos service of the Church of his fathers. He was in- went to others. He was kindness incarnate.

vited in 1930 to become a member of the Fact While still a youth he undertook heavy obligations Finding Commission of the Laymen's Foreign in behalf of others which involved a sustained Missions Inquiry. He joined the section assigned self-denial through many years. But he found to India and spent a busy year in making inves- pleasure in carrying that load. And many an- tigations in that land and in writing his report. other load as well. Those immense shoulders This proved to be his last undertaking here. He overcrowded with duty and responsibility were returned in poor health and went to California to always hospitable to the burden of a troubled rest, hoping soon to be ready to resume work. person who came his way. But the Master of all good workmen had planned that his next assignment should be in another We were often made aware of his rigidity. He world. So on the night of February 9th last he was unyielding in his convictions and tenacious in went Home to God. his judgments. At times this was interpreted by some as stubbornness, especially when he would hold up the work of a committee to fight for his Elements of Strength point. But we who knew him best realized that it Every fellow-worker of Dr. Turner would agree was the attitude of a robust character with a keen that the great contribution he made to his gen- sense of responsibility. He was impatient with eration was not through his talents and his en- superficial thinking and with the attitude that ergy, but by the touch of his rich personality. change is to be reckoned as synonymous with How graciously potent it was! At our very first progress. So time and again he would be found meeting he impressed us all as a gentleman, every skating back from the forward line and preventinch-and there were six feet of inches-the per- ing an opponent's score by his solid defensive fect Southern gentleman. We rallied to a man so play. full of the joy of life, interested in a wide variety of things, jovial, optimistic, with a ready smile, a He impressed us by his bigness. He was a conhearty laugh and a flair for all that was sunny firmed interdenominationalist and internationaland funny. We saw in him a great lover ot ist. Conservative by nature, he was tolerant of men. People rather than organizations interested those who differed from him and he held the finhim. He gave time and attention to them lavishly est fellowship with men of widely varying belief and thought it well invested, even though it played and tradition. Always frank, always above board, havoc with his schedule. He was an enthusiastic he seemed able to look through incidentals to the personal Christian worker. He loved children. As essence of a matter. He thought in large terms and he did things in a generous, noble way.

a comrade he was a towering success. Friendship And observing closely through the years we saw with him was a two-way traffic. He inspired love a personality and a career marked by simplicity.

and unrestrained confidence for we found him He was easy to understand. He had chosen a few opening his heart to us and we knew that he loved central convictions and purposes and around us and was loyal. On a railway train he once these he organized his life. To his convic- asked me, "How do you think of Christ? You tions he gave a loyal adherence and into the real- know," he said, "some think of Him chiefly as ization of his purposes he poured the strength and their Master, others are most conscious of Him as passion of his days. Therein lies one chief secret their Redeemer. For my part, I habitually think of Fennell Turner's effective self-giving to move- of Him as my Friend." That explained a great ments and men.

Education in a Local

..:( By the REV. NORRIS L. TIBBETTS, Chicago Pastor and Director of Religious Education in Hyde Park Baptist Church M ISSIONARY education is primarily con- bring friendships among Christians in different cerned with developing the habit of think- parts of the earth, the world view is enriched and ing in world terms about the highest wel- the world ties are strengthened. But opportuni- fare of people. Long before the average man's ties for such personal contacts are usually lim- thoughts went much beyond his neighborhood and ited. The church in this generation is concerned almost never beyond the nation, the Christian with a missionary movement the extent of which Church was bringing the farther corIiers of the has greatly diminished the personal aspect for the earth to the attention of its local church, but enormously members. Conscious first of a increased the significance of message born of a personal ex- The advance of Christian mis- the missionary affairs. Misperience of the power of Jesus sions has radically changed sionary education today must Christ, there have been men the Church. Narrow vision bring to people some sense of and women who, like the and sympathies are signs of this world-Christian movement. Apostle Paul, saw next a vision ignorance. Information proof a needy world. The sense motes breadth of interest and This can be done in part of a mission and of a message develops I a r g eheartedness. through the preaching. I am to people in their need has sent How may intelligent mission- not thinking of the missionary the missionaries forth. These ary interest be promoted in a sermon which specializes on were the first to think cre- local church? May we not some world theme, often for atively in world terms about lose character and enthusiasm the purpose of raising money. the highest welfare of people. unless we understand why we Coming at irregular intervals, should give ourselves to this such a sermon may stimulate Those who remained at home world-wide enterprise and un- interest and achieve certain followed with their interest less we have first-hand knowl- immediate results, but it can and support the missionaries hardly be expected to develop who went abroad. Naturally edge of the workers? the habit of thinking in world the horizons lifted and the terms. This will come only as provincial outlook of the local a result of the constant stretch- church began to take on the ing of the mind with thoughts characteristics of a world View. But it was a that reach out into the world at large.

world view nourished by definitely personal in- There are at least two ways which I have ob- terests. In its earliest stages, Baptist mission- served by which preaching can develop the world I ary enthusiasm, for instance, focused in Adoniram view. The first is by widening the application Judson in Burma. When the first converts of principles or truths until they are seen in their joined the missionary, they came intimately to the widest world setting. The other is by the use of attention of the local church. I think this sense illustrations gathered from the literature or ex- of personal relationship was extremely impor- perience of other nations or races. Uncon- tant as it kept alive the interest which gave sup- sciously the boundaries of the mind are ex- port to the enterprise. But it was only the be- tended to share with appreciation the thoughts ginning of a comprehensive outlook. It was like and lives of distant people. The latest develop- a wedge of thought and interest driven into the ments in our missionary emphasis have given to blank wall of the world's larger life. this type of preaching a new significance. Hav- The modern church is not thinking in terms of ing judged other peoples by the Christian stand- a single missionary here and a handful of Chris- ard and found them wanting, we have sent mis- tians there. There are hundreds of missionaries sionaries. Now these peoples, who have learned and thousands of Christians. If circumstances from us these Christian standards, turn back [295 ]

our judgments upon ourselves. 'Ve have been of the Missionary Enterprise," to a group of compelled to realize that when we preach to the people steadily increasing in numbers and interneeds of the world, we preach to the needs of est. This is a revealing fact. People who are acour own land. When we preach to the needs tively engaged in the missionary enterprise may of our own land, we preach to the needs of the need to realize the background of the modern world. Preaching may make a people world-con- movement. They may need a restatement of its scious. purpose. Evidently there is a desire to know why the work should be carried on. In our generation Various group projects within the church help we are promoting an enterprise which was initiatto develop the habit of thinking in world terms. ed by O1U forefathers. It issued forth from their World friendship and mission study courses have experience on a flood tide of enthusiasm. May 'we increased knowledge on world affairs. During one not reach a point where our enthusiasm will begin entire year the program of the Business and Pro- to wa,ne unless we discover, as a result of our fessional Women's Club centered in different thought and experience, why we should give ourcountries of the world. The program for the selves to this enterprise in our day as other genchurch school has been concentrated usually in a erations gav.e themselves to it in their day? I besingle month. I think this could be fairly criti- lieve we should seriously consider whether the cized. A new plan extends the program for con- church in our modern world does not carry a sidering world relationships to two months, and double responsibility, first to keep the missionary is the outgrowth of a curriculum whose entire enterprise m01Jing forward, but second, and funpurpose is to broaden the student's thinking in damentally as important, to interpret the reason terms both of God and of his fellowmen. It for and the purpose of this enterprise so that it would not be particularly helpful to describe these will challenge the enthusiasms of our day. various projects in detail. The underlying principle is that interest in the missionary enterprise This church has been fortunate in its contacts is sustained as the world view is cultivated and with world movements. Men and women in its extended. Both by what we think and by what membership have had positions of responsibility we do the habit of thinking in world terms is on many boards and commissions that have dealt developed. with world affairs. One of its ministers went as Barrows lecturer to India. World-mindedness is Ever since our particular denomination set contagious and through the interest and leaderaside one month for intensive missionary edu- ship of such men and women, the thinking of the cation, this church has cooperated with the pro- church has been extended to embrace widely sepgram. This cooperation has been of two kinds. arated areas of the earth. Not every church is so First, the special book of reading has been wide- blessed. But what has happened here in notable ly distributed in the homes, primarily through degree can be reproduced elsewhere. children of the church and school. The ideal is to have the designated section read each day by I come back finally to the importance in misthe family together. In the next place a series sionary education of the personal element. Withof church night meetings has been arranged. For out diminishing my emphasis on the importance several years missionaries and foreign students of developing a world outlook which can discern spoke. This was an important contribution to and appreciate trends and movements, I should the world view of the people. Twice lectures have like to add a word of ~mphasis on the value of perbeen given over a period of four weeks illustrated sonal contacts. Great events stir us as we grasp with stereopticon and moving pictures. These their meaning and their power. But the influence were not successful, due primarily to the limita- of example and the power of personality are best tions of the pictures. Personally I should say able to reach the hidden springs of human interthat the most vital method of missionary educa- est and action. For instance, I have followed Sam tion has been the least developed. I mean visual Higginbottom's work at Allahabad because in stueducation through motion pictures intelligently dent days I heard him speak and felt the influand artistically filmed. Until great improvement ence of his personality and because in later years is made, motion pictures from the field, in my a friend of mine went out to join him. Therejudgment, do more harm than good. fore, beside the important task of developing our thinking in world terms about the highest wel- During the time that this intensive program has fare of all people, I should like to place the value been presented, the most significant meetings have of making some personal contacts which will give been those which dealt with the philosophy of the to us the feeling that in and through our friends missionary enterprise. One year for five weeks we are sharing in the world-wide Christian ena professor of missions in a divinity school lec- terprise. tured on "The Whence, the Why and the Whither

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO SPRINGTIME PROGRAMS vegetables and flowers, have a ers (released from container as poster for each meeting, using it in gift-shower), autumn leaves, Nothing short of the most al- for advertising purposes in the fruit baskets (specifically lining luring presentation of the best vestibule beforehand, then hang- up the fruits of definite missionpossible missionary material is ing it near the leader's table as ary efforts), holly berries (at worthy of a consecrated pro- an illustration and visualization Christmas meeting), a missiongram b u i Ide r. "The King's of some feature of the theme. ary bouquet, etc. In general, the Business" requires not only You will find that leaders of the appreciation of a meeting is in "haste" but our utmost en- successive meetings vie with proportion to the number of peodeavor. Are you giving that to each other in having the most ple taking part in it within its your m iss ion a r y teaching, attractive posters: and when, at time limits, and this manner of preaching or programs? So long the close of the series, the whole serving current events affords as skilful seasoning conditions collection of posters is hung excellent opportunity to use the the acceptability of food, we around the room for compari- timid folk. should never consider negligible son, some small reward may be the higher art of the program given for the production of the The devotionals are effectivemaker, carefully studying her one best adapted to its purpose. ly designated as "Meditations," appeal to the normal appetite. This is optional. and they come nearer to being Out of 35 years' experience as truly devotional if placed at the pastor's wife and mission circle The serial title may well be close of the program when prayworker, the writer can positive- "World Gardening," or "Our ers grow naturally out of fresh ly g u a ran tee that sufficient Missionary Gardens," the motto information and inspiration. pains, prayer and preparation being either "The Field Is the Freshen the devotional period will draw the audience. (The World" or "As the earth bring- with variety which forces the "preparation" covers attractive eth forth her bud, and as the auditors to think and feel. advertising. Many an excellent garden causeth the things that program finds its extinguisher are sown in it to spring forth, Excellent meditation themes "under a busheL") so the Lord God will cause right- may be selected from the follow- eousness and praise to spring ing assortment and fitted to the One of the most picturesque forth before all the nations." topics chosen: and attractive figures under which to develop a series of The leader of each meeting Grapes Sweet and Sour-Jer. 31: studies for juniors, intermedi- may be called the Head Gar- 29, 30; Num. 13:17-24. ates, high school students or dener or Head Florist, and other woman's circles is that of gar- participants, "assistants" or The Harvest Perspective – John dening. While its inception is "helpers." 4:27-38. seasonable at this time of year, it readily lends itself to the Current events, when used, Help Wanted-Matt. 9:35-38. whole round of the calendar, will be rendered more attractive Lessons from the Lilies – Matt. and may be arranged to cover a by being designated seedlings, 6 :25-34. study book, an intensive consid- an autumn salad (typed and Combatting Garden Pests – Gen. eration of some special field, or pasted on crepe paper lettuce 4:9; I Tim. 4:12; Eccl. 9:10. a sequential list of general top- leaves and passed around among The Secret of Successful Gardening ics. The outline herewith given the audience to be read), a bou- -John 15:1-6; I Cor. 9. is a composite of several excel- quet of forget-me-nots (slips of Nature's Law of Sowing and Reaplent contributions for this de- paper containing t e r s e news ing-Gal. 6:7-10; II Cor. 9:6. partment, hence no individual items tied to tiny artificial for- The Probl~m of the Weeds-Matt. trademarks can be noted. get-me-nots and given out to be 13 :14-30. read, as above), June rosebuds Increasing the Yield-John 15 :1-8. At the beginning, commandeer (items en c los e d in artificial a number of illustrated seed cat- buds), field flowers, May baskets Many appropriate songs will alogues and from their attrac- (items passed around in lovely suggest the m s e Iv e s, among tively colored pictures of fruits, decorated baskets), April show- which are "Thank God for a Garden," "I Know a Garden," "In the Garden," "Bringing in the Sheaves," "What Shall the Harvest Be?", "Sowing Seeds of Kindness," etc.

[297 ]

The following list contains a Current Events under caption TO PROMOTE THE CAUSE OF variety of program topics from "Sample See d Packets," the which the committee may select items being enclosed in tiny en- TEMPERANCE its own sequence, after which it velopes with floral or vegetable decoration on 0 u t sid e, and By MRS. Lucy E. VAN KIRK is an easy matter to sub-divide passed out for a group of women the themes and fit in suitable to read distinctly. Select items Editor and Business Manager of meditations and current events: about missionary publications if The Ohio Messenger possible. We Study the Seed Catalogue. "Our missionary Gospel today The program may be in the has its message as of old for Preparing the Soil (pioneer efforts form of a synthetic catalogue, every life, but also and increas- its back of green paper with gay ingly for all of life. What is in various fields, or a study of the taking place in America today is cut-outs for decoration and the not something apart from our initial efforts of any given mission- words, "Missionary Seed Cata- missionary task, but something logue for 1932" in plain view of that is woven into its very fabary). the audience. Inside pages may ric. Industry, commerce, poli- feature the different items of tics are not apart from missions, Home and Imported Products (a the lit era t u representation, but something that is woven into bright pictures cut from actual its very fabric. We must evan- Home and a Foreign theme, under the catalogues possibly being used. gelize these asp e c t s of life, This catalogue may be placed on bringing them into h arm 0 n y titles "Oriental" and "Occidental"). an easel and the pages turned by with the teachings of Christ. the leader as the meeting pro- . . . In our protest against con- Our Neighbors' Gardens (studies of gresses. The items would be ventions that hamper and regu- specific to the organization using lations that go to extremes, we Canadian, Mexican or West Indian the program, but might include: run the risk of losing sight of the eternal fact that all life is missions). 1. Hymn, "He That Goeth Forth with guided by law. The widespread Weeping." violation of the prohibition law Community Gardening (local social and the condoning of such VIOla- 2. Head Gardener's Introduction- tion by those in high places of service studies, or a guest-day meet- the first need is for seeds, new, social and political influence is a certified, free from weeds, and of striking example." ing with similar organizations of specific kinds inclusive of the other churches). . Word of God and other informa- -"The Challenge of Change." tive material in harmony there- The Nursery (study of work of with. As we all know, there is a movement on foot at the present juvenile missionary organizations, or 3. Talk: The Hardy Perennials- time to break down law enforce- new mission study books. ment and nullify those laws that of kindergarten and primary work on do not coincide with the views of 4. The Annual Fruits – crisp sum- certain individuals and interests. home or foreign fields). maries of other books inclusive of This, if successful, would bring those in Competitive Reading Con- chaos through disregard for all The Garden of Herbs (medical mis- test. law. Every Christian should be alert and actively engaged in sions) . 5. Song, "Thank God for a Garden." studying out an intelligent plan 6. The Salad Vegetables-new leaf- to promote respect for law in The Garden of Books (presentation general, and in particular to pre- lets and pamphlets refreshing to vent bringing liquor into our of study books or competitive reading jaded appetites and of tonic value. midst through bootleggers and volumes) . 7. The Monthly Roses – missionary other means. What can we as periodicals, stressing THE REVIEW missionary leaders do? Patriotic Gardening-a study in as the hardiest one, not specific to The great need is for educa- Red, White and Blue (summer meet- individual denominational gardens tion to meet the propaganda of but adapting itself perfectly to those who would modify or nulin?, on Civics). every soil and climate the world lify the existing laws on the over, hence indispensable in every question. "Youth," says a recent The Harvest Home (autumn meet- garden. writer, "is the prey of the edu- cators of intemperance-those ing on results on mission fields). Meditation: The Parable of the who would destroy rather than Wheat and Tares, Matt. 13 :24-30, build character. The leaders of Garden Information (reports of showing need of great care in se- tomorrow should be given every lection of proper seed if we would opportunity to know the highest conventions, etc.). have the maximum harvest. ideals and enrich their own lives S. Sample Seed Packets. To avoid with them." In the Garden of the King (Christ- an unduly long program, it may be better to distribute these to all mas meeting, with possible program at the close, to be taken home, read with mind in receptive mood. on "Following Christmas around the planted in the heart and nurtured with prayer. Flowers of love and World," viz., giving accounts of cele- service are then due to blossom. (Envelopes may contain either brations on various mission fields). leaflet literature or carefully se- lected clippings from THE REVIEW, A Garden Party (summer meeting the selections being typed if one wishes to avoid destroying the out of doors). magazine.) An Indian (Of African. etc.) Gar- den (study of a specific field).

How Does Your Garden Grow? (re- port of denominational progress).

A Garden Magazine (presentation of any given number of The Review.

in its various features and departments) .

A SAMPLE GARDEN PROGRAM Invitations, on apple – g r e e n bristol board tied with dark green cord: A garden you will want this year, And now the time is drawing near When you will want some tested seeds- These every careful gardener needs, Unless you'd raise a crop of weeds Within a garden drear.

Poster featuring seed packets -sketched and named, or actually tied to the bristol board, with invitation, time and place of meeting inscribed.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Plan for short, pithy talks in See that the program commit- than are the money-ralsmg methods such as fairs, suppers, etc" for profit. the Sunday School. tee in the Woman's Missionary Start a pledge-signing cam- Society makes a place for down- 6. Resolved, that the stewardship of time is of greater importance to paign, using something like this: to-date consideration of the sub- the furtherance of the Christian en- "I hereby declare my purpose to ject each year, or has temper- terprise than the stewardship of money. abstain from alcoholic liquor as ance news items introduced into 7, Resolved, that Home Missions a beverage." the regular programs.* has been helped more than hindered Ask your pastor to preach a Have a con t est or debate by the moneyed interests of America. rousing temperance sermon among the young people with from time to time, and give his either prizes or announced deci- Topics for Discussion: efforts such support as shall sions at the close. hearten him to do his utmost. 1. Is our community a friendly Hold poster contests. Educa- place for the representatives of The Women's Home Mission- tional posters catch the eye and various nationalities that live here? ary Society of the Methodist hold the attention better than Church recently offered three words. 2. How would people of other money prizes to Queen Esther races and nationalities be likely to answer that? Circles for the three best post- 3, Do all representatives of other races in our community have a fair DISCUSSIONS AND DEBATES chance for econo;mic progress?

ers submitted under certain con- One of the most profitable 4. Are there church opportunities test rules, the sub j e c t being ways in which to bring a dy- for people of all races in this com- namic· subject before an audi- munity, either in separate churches or "Why Should United States Cit- ence is through the medium of through hospitable attitudes that welizens Be Total Abstainers from a debate or pro and con discus- come all sorts of people in one Alcoholic Beverages?" L a r g e sion. The slight element of church? prizes would be likely to attract competition whets the appetites real artists, so the offering of of the hearers, who unconscious- 5. In what ways am I interpreting ly align themselves now with Christianity to the foreigners whom smaller ones brings in the ama- one side and now with the other, I know? teurs who most need the temper- while the effect upon the conance education. testants themselves is self-evi- 6. Is the Woman's Movement in dent. Care should be exercised India a bane or a boon? Use to the limit the loophole in the statement of the topic, offered in the public schools by however, as it is of questionable 7, Has Christianity played any the law for Scientific Temper- ethical v:alue to lead a speaker part in that awakening? ance Instruction. Often your to argue against his ideals. minister or some other qualified 8. What is likely to happen to person will be allowed to address A request which came not civilization if this new movement is the pupils on the subject. long since to THE REVIEW re- not christianized? garding questions for debate Utilize your citizenship privi- leads us to submit the following, 9. Why should we support colleges leges to the limit. Elect men to with earnest recommendation in the Orient which are run mainly office who really believe in law that the method be utilized in by Orientals? enforcement, then stand back of all adult departments of church these officers and hold up their life: 10. What are modern college stuhands as they endeavor to be dents in China doing for their own true to their oath of office. Com- country? mend them heartily for the brave, loyal things they do. We If questions like the above are are all too ready to criticize. to be thrown open for general discussion, it is well to prime The Fourth General Council 1. Res'olved, that David Living- sever:al people beforehand to of the United Church of Canada stone made a greater contribution to lead out in the arguments or has expressed itself as follows: progress in Africa than Cecil Rhodes. topics.

2. Resolved, that evangelism is PROGRAM SEEDLINGS "The Play Hour Series" is a publication suggesting games, stories and refreshments to be used in connection with pro- Inasmuch as the (liquor) traffic is more important in the foreign field grams from a large variety of now attacking the home in a new and than education. foreign lands. (Presbyterian subtle way, we heartily endorse the Board of Foreign Missions, 156 proposal of the Board, in cooperation 3. Resolved, that the missionary Fifth Ave., New York. Price has helped the progress of humanity with the Woman's Missionary Society, more than has the non-Christian ex- 10 cents.) plorer. At the annual meeting of the to promote a campaign to secure the definite exclusion of alcoholic bever- 4. Resolved, that the missionary is Chicago Presbyterial last April, ages from the homes of our people, a greater asset for world peace than a fine pictorial presentation of and recommend that all ;ministers, of- armaments. the officers for the coming year ficials, members and adherents of the was arranged. A wide frame United Church be urged to give the Ii. Resolved, that the faithful prac- was constructed behind an easimovement their heartiest cooperation tice of the stewardship of money on the part of church members is a ;more and support. profitable method of financing the Church and its world-wide enterprise Similarly w i I I you not en- * Denominations having a Temperance Divi- ly drawn curtain on the platdeavor to line up your church, sion in their national organization may obtain – form. A woman was seated near literature on the subject from their own headcommunity, newspapers and quarters. Otherwise it win be furnished at by with an album on her lap as- schools to render ours truly a cost by the National Publishing House of the suming to show to a new, young "dry" nation? Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Evans- member of the society pictures ton, Illinois.

of its officers. These latter were the December meeting, a candle ter spirit and enlisted a greater arranged in groups of three or was lighted on the Christmas number for the presentations. five as tableaux within the tree for each dollar received. It frame and remained motionless is remarkable how the setting of An inscription on a year book while the demonstrator cleverly a picturesque goal like that will recently inspected was as fol- spur to added activity. lows: "'Nited' does not spell described them, not even ven- 'united' without 'u' in it. 'Sccess' turing a smile at some of her Another "Manly Missionary does not spell 'success' without facetious remarks. Then when Meeting" is reported as most 'u' in it. 'Chrch' does not spell the curtain was closed again, successful. First there was a 'church' without 'u' in it." another page of the album was song-fest by "the vocal men"; turned to afford opportunity for then a salvo of twelve guns by As an intermediate step in the the posing of a new group. "the minute men" (presumably welding of the world fields so as brief missionary t a I k s 0 r to do away with the invidious A Mother-and-Child meeting items) ; a quartette by "the male concept of "home" and "forlends itself to the effective pres- men"; an address, The Bible a eign," Mrs. W. J. Armstrong, of entation of certain subject mat- Missionary Book, by "the flower Cambridge, Mass., writes: "It ter, either home or foreign. Any man"; another address, Jonah is my idea to try to have news person not having a little child Whaled into a Foreign Missionor grandchild may borrow one ary, by "a lawyer man"; an in- from all our fields at each meetfor the occasion, this being her strumental solo by "a music ing instead of the usual one of ticket of admission. man"; a short address, Christ a giving exclusively home or for- Foreign Missionary, by "a Bible eign information. I hoped in One missionary society took School man"; and The Bible a this way to try to hold the world up its collection in a milk bot- Missionary Story, by "a car- as the field before our people. tle, asking each one in the audi- penter man." That would sure- Naturally a missionary talks ence to place with it the price ly bring out the male member- about her own place of service of one day's luncheon. ship of the church to at least one most; but our speakers have missionary meeting. Let us look been asked, wherever possible, The history of our great mis- forward to the day when there to indicate how their work is sionary hymns is being present- need be no gender for the term, typical of other fields. We have ed in a five-minute interval at "missionary meeting." had a resume (by one of the each successive meeting during program committee speaking the whole year, by a resourceful *** woman's society. before the address) of the most A Tacoma woman's society vital statistics and conditions of *** reports that at the meeting pre- the phase of the work of the vious to the preparation of a A "Manly Missionary Meet- new year book, the chairmen of presentation to follow." ing" is held once a year by the the seven circles into which the woman's society in the First organization was divided were *** Baptist Church at Battle Creek, called to the front and allowed Michigan, the mayor presiding, to draw from a like number of "A Reception for the Newa topic of general civic interest slips of paper the president held being discussed and the public in her hand one slip each, not comers" is an annual event in generally invited. having seen what was written one progressive organization. on the reverse of the slips. Each At the First Baptist Church such inscription specified the At each annual meeting for the in Washington, D. C., the wom- date on which that circle was to election of officers, newcomers an's year book bore the follow- sponsor a program meeting, the during the past year were espeing inscription: "Our aim for color of the paper indicating the cially invited to be present, a 1931: (1) Every woman know- nationality to be studied-yel- note with R.S.V.P. attached ing, praying, giving. (2) Every low for the Japanese or Chinese, having been sent. Each new woman reading at least three brown for the Hindus, etc. At woman as she entered the room missionary books this year. (3) its next meeting each circle de- was given a flower and a card Some missionary magazine in cided what field included in its with her name written on it. At the home of each member. (4) assignment it would study, also the close of the service, after the Every member of the society chose its topic and a program officers had been duly elected, participating in White Cross leader. These decisions were work (missionary sewing, etc., handed to the president by a the newcomers were invited to for hospital or other field certain date so as to be incorpo- the front to stand in line with needs) . (5) Everyone con- rated in the year book. This the officers for an informal retributing regularly to mission- plan has developed more free- ception. Many expressed their ary funds. (6) Enlistment of dom and initiative among the appreciation of this opportunity new members. (7) Everyone women, also given them a bet- to meet so many members of the studying the Bible. It would be church. Why not do this at the interesting to know how nearly first autumn meeting of your or- that aim was attained. ganization and accomplish the When the mite boxes of a cer- double purpose of introducing the newcomers to the membertain circle were brought in at ship and to the work of the so- ciety, giving a sample copy of THE REVIEW as a souvenir?

~'====–===================t'~

Women"s Home and Foreign Bulletin ANNE SEESHOLTZ, 105 EAST TWENTy-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK; COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK; FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA "Under Heaven, One Family"

Among the New Books To Aid in Understanding CHINA and THE AMERICAN INDIAN FACING THE FUTURE IN large groups and furnishes a WORKING FOR A NEW wealth of background material. INDIAN MISSIONS At the close of that chapter he CHINA says: "The task of the Chris- Part 1. A Social Outlook on Indian tian missionary who would serve Lady Fourth Daughter of China. By Missions. By Lewis Meriam. Part the American Indians is vastly Mary Brewster Hollister. Pub. by II. The Church and the Indian. By more difficult today than it has Central Committee on the United George W. Hinman. Pub. by Mis- been in the past, although not Study of Foreign Missions. Cloth, sionary Education Movement and involving as much danger and 75 cents; paper, 50 cents. Council of Women for Home Mis- hardship. The Indian life of sions. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents. earlier days was relatively sim- "Lady Fourth Daughter of ple and primitive. The things China" first attracts the reader Part I enables us to see the missionaries had to do then were by its cover. On a yellow backsituation among American In- simple compared with the com- ground I Lai Cho, one of China's dians through the eyes of a re- plexities they face today and young artists, has drawn a search specialist who faces facts will face increasingly in the fu- graceful spray of lan-hwa, the very frankly yet is thoroughly tureas the Indians seek to find western epidendrum. On opensympathetic with these people. their place in our modern civi- ing the pages one has one's curi- Dr. Meriam recently made a sur- lization. In the days of the pio- osity excited by an artistic map vey at the request of the Indian neer. missionary the challenge of the twenty-eight provinces, office and was the chief editor of was to work for the Indian while enticing Oriental faces the report of that survey which people. T 0 day the challenge, peep out of every chapter. The is one of the most important doc- even greater and more difficult book's whole makeup clamors, uments of many years on "The "Read me." Problem of Indian Administra- (Continued on page 302) tion." "The touch of His Hand is the [ 301 ] breath of Spring." With these In the first chapter, Dr. Mer- (Contir:.ued on page 302) iam divides the Indians into five

FACING THE FUTURE IN gestions of things which local Living Issues in China. By Henry T. Hodgkin. Pub. by Missionary Edu- INDIAN MISSIONS- church groups may do for In- cation Movement. Cloth, $1.00; pa- dians near at hand and methods per, 60 cents. Continued of helping those on the reserva- tions by assisting in the sale of This is the sort of book one and therefore more stimulating, articles made by them. There is might expect from a secretary throughout a distinct emphasis of the National Christian Counis to work with them." on the value of Indian arts and cil of China. It is not a recital crafts and the earnest desire of missionary successes to per- Following this comes a dis- that all of the best things of suade the American c h u r c h their culture be preserved. member that missionary work is cussion of "The Need for Mu- worthwhile after all. It is a sur- -MAY HUSTON vey of the situation in the large, tual Understanding" with chap- a facing of the most urgent WORKING FOR A NEW problems of the Kingdom of God ters on Health and Education, in China. It treats in turn cre- CHINA-Continued ating a new state system, edu- Making a Living, Family and cating the vast Chinese popula- words Mary Brewster Hollister tion, reconstructing social life, Community Life, showing ways ends her introduction to this providing adequate economic year's mission study book. His support, r a i sin g the physical by which the Government forces Hand must indeed have touched standard, securing right inter- the author for the breath of national relationships, comparand the missionaries may co- Spring blows through all her ing Chinese religions and Chris- writing. tianity, promoting the growth operate. The very fact that the of the Christian Church. Mrs. Hollister was born in new administration of Indian China and "We could almost say It is simply assumed that the she was a missionary in China Christian Church of the West is Affairs in the Government has from birth until two years ago." responsible for understanding She brings to her work the best these issues and helping to meet recently brought into the service touchstone for any book-the them. Therefore the difficulties love of her subject. are frankly considered, together so many men and women of out- with matters open to difference The author's theme is Chinese of opinion. The person who standing ability, indicates a new women and their part in the cre- wants to know nothing more ative, constructive work that is about missions than how much day for the American Indian. going on in China in spite of good a dollar will do, will nat- war and famine. Fortunately, urally be disappointed in this These. appointments have been "L a d y Fourth Daughter of book. Those who wish to get a China" is not a mere text book view of the situation as seen by because of experience and train- but has in it a fine store of in- a broadminded, progressive mis- formation for leaders and speak- sionary leader who has served ing and their ability to under- ers on Chinese subjects. With as a missionary on the field, a rare skill the writer has used ex- board secretary in Great Bristand and apply the science of quisite illustrations from Chi- tain, and a head of the National nese literature, history and, Christian Council of China, will human relationships. above all, the dear women she find it a challenge to thought, has known, so that they are no faith, and effort. In Part II, Dr. Hinman traces longer strangers living in a far country, but our friends and the work of pioneers in the es- neighbors. One of the charming stories in the book is of a poor tablishing of Christian missions among Indians. Realizing the need of better living conditions among these people, they did what they could to alleviate suf- fering, encourage calneadnleisnteasbs~ supply better homes lish schools and c h u r c h e s.

Through the Christian message, many I n d ian families have found joy and peace as well as better homes, cleaner bodies and minds free from superstition, and have become leaders of their own people.

Now that the Government has begun to meet the physical and educational needs more ade- quately and is offering a chance for religious education training III the schools, the missionary has a better opportunity for old Chinese woman left desolate The strength of the book is in spiritual work than ever before. in her old age. its breadth and balance of treat- The cooperation of denomina- "But aren't you ever lonely or ment and the fundamental chartions in placing religious educa- afraid?" she was asked by Mrs. acter of the problems dealt with, tion directors in a number of Hollister. rather than in wealth of illustra- government schools is welcomed "Gold and jewel s," she tion or impressionistic style. In and is offering a training great- crooned to the inquirer, a radi- connection with each topic the ly needed by the students. Nu- ant certainty in her face, "Jesus' liabilities as well as the assets merous illustrations of the influ- people are never lonely or afraid. are frankly considered, together ence and helpfulness of mission- . God makes company with us." with practical suggestions for aries of the various denomina- Whoever t a k e s up "Lady Christian cooperation. tional boards are given showing Fourth Daughter of China" will There is a good bibliography. that the Indian field has many find that "God keeps company For those who use the book in hopeful and rewarding features. with them" every step of the discussion groups a leader's The book gives practical sug- way. -GERTRUDE SCHULTZ manual is prepared, suggesting

WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

methods for groups willing to race as a whole as it exists to- realize that they and young Chiwork and also for those from day, in our midst yet at the same nese Christians are facing towhom little outside preparation time anomalously sidetracked or gether the same essential prob- inconsequently trailing behind. lems of life in the modern world can be expected. Our responsibility tow a r d and sharing the same aspira- -T. H. P. SAILER them, how to understand them tions. It is one of those books- AN EXPRESSION OF YOUNG and the i r peculiar problems, of which, happily, there is an in- their native aesthetic and spirit- creasing n u m b e r nowadays- INDIANS ual gifts and the contribution that will make its young readers Indian Americans. By Winifred Hul- these can be to us, this book say, not, "How strange the y bert. Pub. by Missionary Education shows in a way to stir us all to are!" or "What queer customs Movement and Council of Women for Home Missions. Cloth, $1.00; appropriate attitude and action. they have!" but "They are meet- paper, 60 cents. If we overlook the Indians or re- ing the sam e difficulties we Here is a book that removes gard them as a subject suffi- meet" or "They are asking the from the realm of the taken-for- ciently well taken care of, we ig- same questions we ask." It is a granted while only half under- nore a whole area of interest at book for youth by youth. Each stood and largely neglected, a our door. "Indian Americans" of its seven chapters is written subject which has long burned gives us the key to understand- by an outstanding Chi n e s e for due attention and apprecia- ing and cooperation. Christian who is especially qual- tion, that of the aboriginal na- -OLIVE RICHARDS ified by training and experience tives of our country, the "red to handle the particular theme men," the American Indians, or, CHINESE YOUTH ON ITS assigned him. The general edi- tor, Dr. William Hung, is Proas the author fitly terms them, WAY TO LEADERSHIP fessor of History at Yenching Indian Americans. Too Ion g Ling Yang. By Ethel T. Thompson. University, Peiping, and has have these our first fellow coun- Pub. by Central Committee on the trymen been looked upon by United Study of Foreign Missions. lived in America, not only as a most of us as a picturesque fea- Board, $1.00; paper, 50 cents. student but also as exchange ture of the land, subdued and A fascinating story of a boy professor at Harvard. harmless but alien to ourselves of new China and his sister. The In an introductory chapter and properly placed in schools story begins with a dragon race that summarizes skilfully the and reservations of their own. and moves on into the exciting present trends in China and ex- Or else we have accepted them life of a boy and girl in New plains the plan of the book, he as one with ourselves, an assimi- China. says: lated citizenry h a v i n g equal Some of the 0 u t s tan din g "The several chapters of this rights and privileges and so to events are: a school athletic book represent an attempt to debe dis m iss e d from further meet; a trip up the river by junk scribe certain important phases thought. and wheelbarrow; encounter of this chaotic life (of China to- Winifred Hulbert, the author with bandits and rescue; first day) and to indicate the direcof the present boo k, after contact with the Jesus-people; tions which the struggle in months of travel and association the coming of the missionary thought is taking. Outside of a m 0 n g them and those who doctor into Ling Yang's home; China there are also young peoknow them best, with intensive the opening of the new hospital; ple who dream the dreams that critical and sympathetic study the dragon parade. challenge reality. The y may of them, presents them in a new The story closes with Ling wonder how their fellow-dreamlight so striking in its interest Yang starting off to prepare to ers are faring in China. . . . and challenge that it addresses take his place in training for We have picked out six major itself to all of us who wish to be "New China." "I wonder how social relationships in the life of reasonably right in our thinking well I can learn to live and teach China's young men and young concerning them. Intended spe- the Christian way. No other women-the family, the school, cifically for young people, the way is good enough for New the vocation, the nation, the book undertakes to interpret the China." world, and religion-and have race in its present-day status The book has been illustrated tried to tell how in each of them from the point of view of the by a young Chinese artist, who the old and new forces and ideas young Indians, their ambitions, has also drawn the very attrac- are in conflict." their problems, their possibili- tive cover design of the dragon The distinguished aut h 0 r s ties, but involved as they neces- race. whose chapters Dr. Hung has sarily are with the difficulties -GERTRUDE SCHULTZ thus brought together have been and disadvantages of their racial As It Looks to Young China. Edited extraordinarily successful in heritage and tradition on the by William Hung. Pub. by Mis- presenting their respective sub- one side, and on the other side sionary Education Movement. Cloth, – jects vividly and con c ret ely their relations with a dominant $1.00; paper, 60 cents. through the stories of individ- race, our own. It succeeds in Here is a book that will help uals and through illustrations giving a telling picture of the young American Christians to drawn from personal experi-

ence. The result is a book that Three Arrows: The Young Buffalo primary children the attractive is unusually effective not only Hunter. By E. Ryerson Young. Pub. little volume, "Chinese Children for study but also for general by Missionary Education Movement of Woodcutters' Lane" by Prisreading. The closing appeal to and Council of Women for Home cilla Holton, which contains the American Christian youth to en- Missions. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 adventures of a little Chinese ter into deeper fellowship with cents. girl and her small brother. And their Chinese Christian brethren the course for Juniors will not and to work with them in the For years we have been clam- be complete without rea din g great future tasks of the King- oring for a good home mission "Ling Yang." dom of God in China forms one book of the adventure type to apof the most stirring messages peal to boys. "Three Arrows: A "Picture Map" of China that has come out of China in The Young Buffalo Hunter," ex- filled with interesting symbols recent years. actly fills the bill. I tried it on and pictures together with the one boy who became so interest- "Teaching Pictures on China," For leaders of young people's ed that extreme pressure was "Chinese Snap Shots" (picture groups a course on China, based necessary to persuade him to sheet) and "Paper Dolls" will primarily upon the material pre- quit reading and go to bed and prove valuable source material sented in the above book, has when his father arose the next for all teachers. been prepared by Miss Ruth Isa- morning he found the son awake bel Seabury. It is entitled, "In- ahead of him and rea din g, Many Moons Ago and Now. By Kathtroducing Young China." Price, "Three Arrows" in bed. It is a arine Gladfelter. Children of the 50 cents. tale of Indian missions in the Great Spirit. By Florence C. Means early days with enough thrills to and Frances Somers Riggs. Pub. -FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL satisfy the most avid reader of by Missionary Education Movement wild adventures. and Council of Women for Home FOR BOYS AND GIRLS Missions. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 Manuals. cents.

The Young Revolutionist. By Pearl For the leaders of intermedi- Indians never fail to be an in- S. Buck. Pub. by Missionary Edu- ate groups there will be two ex- teresting topic of study and in- cation Movement. Cloth, $1.50; pa- cellent manuals, "Youth and vestigation to children. Two per, 75 cents. Revolution in China" by Alfred helpful course books have been D. Heininger, formerly a mis- prepared for leaders of children, Intermediates are particularly sionary in China, and "Friend- "Many Moons Ago and Now" fortunate this year because two ship Fires" by Winifred Hul- for Juniors, deals with three of the most interesting mission- bert, author of "Indian Ameri- main divisions of Indian life in ary books ever to be published cans." These are to be used in are provided for their use. As connection with the two reading the United States-e a s t ern far as I can remember we have books mentioned above. woodlands, pIa ins, and the never before had any kind of Southwest. This book contains missionary book written by the -GILBERT Q. LESOURD suggested procedures together most popular author of the day. with source materials, sugges- This year we have it in "The New Joy. By Carolyn Sewall and Young Revolutionist" by Mrs. Charlotte Chambers Jones. Off to tions for worship, manual work, Pearl S. Buck, whose novel, China. By Helen Furman Sweet service enterprises and other ac- "The Good Earth," has been a and Mabel Garrett Wagner. Pub. tivities. The material is so arbest seller for over an entire by Missionary Education Movement. ranged that the leader may use year. No other novel has had Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 cents. it in its entirety or any portion such a record for many years. With China claiming so much of it which she may desire. "The Young Revolutionist" is attention in the headlines of our "Children of the Great Spirit" a great book, just as well writ- newspapers these days, leaders ten as the author's larger vol- will especially weI com e the for Primaries deals with seven umes and equally compelling in timely appearance of stu d y different Indian tribes – Iroits interest. It is a tale of mod- books and story books on this quois, Sioux, Seminole, Hopi, ern Chinese youth torn by the great country. "New Joy" and Navajo, Mono, Tlingit. The instrife between the old and the "Off to China" are the study new, aflame with patriotism, books for Junior and Primary troduction and each of the seven blindly devoted to ideals only g r 0 ups, respectively. These chapters are full of valuable half understood, groping hun- books give suggested procedures suggestions, source materials grily for a religious faith and and source materials and are eagerly helping to build a new rich in suggestions for worship, and activities. As an aid in China. Adults will like it as manual work, service enter- teaching the course, leaders will well as intermediates and all prises and other activities. The wish to secure the "Teaching who read it will gain a new un- stories in each book were writ- Pictures on the American Inderstanding of Chinese youth ten in China and are colorful dian," "North American Inand an appreciation of the value and interesting. To accompany dians" (picture sheet), "Indians of Christian missions. the course book the leader will of the Sou t h w est" (picture wish to put in the hands of her sheet), "Picture Map of North America" with special "Ameri- can Indian Insert Sheet."

-HAZEL V. ORTON

* .Ca

Our W orld;vvide Outlook A Missionary N.ewspaper of Current Events -.." WI'

JAPAN-CHOSEN The villagers desired to buy it in cooperated with religious teach- but could not raise the money., ers in making the curricula of T,he Antidote to Materialism They consulted together and value.

The Japanese minister of edu- finally decided to sell the girls of The Kingdom of God program cation has addressed a commun- the village, 57 of their own ication to the Christian mission- daughters, into the vice system is also establishing Gospel night aries in w hie h he declares: schools in Tokyo and other "Hitherto the policy of our min- in order to secure the desired cities. One visited recently had istry has been too materialistic, enrolled 168 men and women of and this had led to the regretta- land. This is almost unthink- twenty different professions for ble result of a decline in public able in 20th Century Japan, and and private morality, a revival the pity of it is that there has three nights a week for three of communism, and even in the months. The course of study inlast few years of a pronounced been no public outcry about the cluded the following subjects: matter. This shows that public The life of Christ, Old and New opinion is still asleep on this Testament studies, theology, the matter.

anarchistic spirit.. We must In October thirteen girls in relation of science and religion, from now onward spiritualize the Matsushima licensed quarter sociology and social service, muour educational system. For in Osaka went on hunger strike, tual aid and cooperation, com- this purpose the cooperation of demanding more humane treat- parative religions, church pol- religious educational institu·· ment. They appealed to the icy, Sunday school methods, tions seems to us absolutely nec- Osaka Branch of the Proletariat methods of evangelism, music essary, and we consequently Woman's Association and filed and the fine arts of religion, etc. make an urgent appeal for your their requests for freedom from help." this degrading life. Against the Child Recognizes the God-Like Mild Inoculation spirit of the times the Osaka police refused and sent them "In Osaka, at the Tennoji '·Some in America," says Miss back to their owners. Edith Curtis of Osaka, "believe Kindergarten, a lit tie g i r I honestly that offering Christian- One keeper in Osaka died in whose mother had a violent temity to other peoples is an in- November and, by his will, freed per said to her on returning fringement of their racial and from kindergarten, 'Mother, you the seven inmates of his house national rights. I wonder," she cancelling the Y7000 which they are not God. Father is not God. adds, "if they realize what other still owed him. But my teacher is just the same religions have done, or have not as God. At home, when I am done, for people and how by de- All-Japan Christian Conference naughty, you scold me, and even strike me, but teacher only grees non-Christians are seeing the peace and joy that comes in- An all-Japan Christian con- smiles and puts her arm around ference is to be held in the au- me, and that makes me want to to the lives of those who know tumn of 1932 to re-appraise the be good.' Another child in the Jesus Christ." "Is America in- situation which the Christian oculated so thoroughly," as E. churches are facing in the Em- same kindergarten was in the pire, and also to formulate a Stanley Jones says, "with a mild follow-up program when the habit of wearing a c h arm form of Christianity that the present three year campaign of around her neck, as many Japreal thing won't take 7" Some the Kingdom of God Movement anese children do, to protect her comes to a close in December, of the missionaries fear the in- 1932. from sickness or evil spirits. The teacher had been telling the oculation has proceeded danger- story of Moses and the golden ously far. calf, explaining the difference Wholesale Prostitution Reasons for Encouragement between bowing down to images While some girls are being and praying to an unseen God who can really hear our prayers freed from slavery in Japanese More than 50 ,peasant Gospel and answer them. That night brothels others are being fed schools have been successfully when she was undressing she into the system. A distressing conducted during the past year. took off the charm, saying, 'I story comes from Yamagata and a half throughout Japan. don't need to wear this any Prefecture. A block of public Agricultural, social and religi- more. God is going to take care land had been opened for culti~ ous instruction is given in these of me.' "

vation and put on the market. rural schools, and officials have -Genevieve Davis Olds.

[305]

A Christian Dentist School Association, writes the made rapid progress during this Five or six years ago a young Daily Vacation Bible School at period. Three churches – the dentist's ass i s tan t in Kobe, Changsyeng began late, expect- United Brethren, the Congrega- Japan, was baptized in the Kobe ing to continue only one week. tionalist and the Presbyterian- Union Church, established pri- The children were so greatly have gone together to form the marily for the foreign commu- interested that they begged for United Evangelical Church of nity. He was suffering from tu- another week, and the principal the Philippine Islands. The of the day school was asked if it moderator of this new church is b e r cuI 0 sis, but his illness would be possible to defer the a Filipino. The Methodist Episbrought him to God, and then opening of the public school. copal Church has recently ap- God gave him back health. He This the non-Christian principal proved a program outlined by identified himself with a church the resident bishop for a tenand threw himself into its work. of a non-Christian school nat- year development with funds Having become a qualified den- urally declined, but so many of tist, he borrowed money for the pupils enrolled in the Sum- and personnel from abroad, folequipment, opened an office and mer Bible School and "cried so lowed by another ten-year period achieved success. He is now the much" that the teachers decided in which both missionaries and chief financial supporter of his to extend the vacation for one grants-in-aid will be entirely week and the Daily Vacation church, a teacher in the Sunday Bible School resumed its session withdrawn. The Disciples of school, frequently fills the pul- for the second week. Christ, facing serious deficits in pit, and makes a deep spiritual their missionary budget in the impression on all who meet him. -The Presbyterian. United States, have decided to He asked the municipal au- Work Among Chinese in Chosen withdraw almost entirely durthorities for a permit to preach ing the present year. Their mis- With the help and under the on Sunday afternoons in the auspices of the six missions con- sionaries bel i eve that their park, and for years has preached stituting the Federal Council of churches have progressed suffifrom one to four o'clock Sunday ciently to enable them to become afternoons, whenever the weath- Protestant Missions in Korea, entirely indigenous. er and his own health permitted. He has made himself a thorough an executive committee of that -E. K. Higdon. organization has the definite ob- Bible scholar, and incidentally jective of giving the Gospel to Methodists in the Philippines every Chinese in Chosen. The has learned to read his New last census showed 91,466 Chi- A Ten Year Plan for the Phil- Testament in Greek and his Old ippine Islands is proposed by the Testament in Hebrew. His home nese in Chosen, but more recent Methodist Church, comprising a is a gathering place for the evacuations have probably cut program of spiritual progress. young men of the church and The plan provides for the erecneighborhood. the number in half. They in- tion of churches and student clude business men, members of centers in strategic locations; -The Christian Observer. the consular service, mechanics and farmers, scattered so widely for keeping a staff of nine mis- sionary families regularly on The Gospel and Unemployment that much expense is involved for itinerating. Christian Ko- During the past year unem- reans assist in every way pos- the field; also for cooperation ployment has brought distress sible, and prove their interest by with the Presbyterian, Disciples, to some 250,000 in Tokyo. The attending the meetings. Itin- United Brethren, and Congre- Baptist Tabernacle has endeav- gational Missions in securing an ored to demonstrate intelligibly erancies have covered nearly all adequate endowment for the what the Gospel stands for in the towns and villages on and Union Theological Seminary, daily life. With funds supplied near the railway and some of Manila. It is believed that an by both Japanese and foreign- the bus lines, with the result that 1,141 Chinese and 112 Ko- investment of 400,000 pesos ers, tents were erected on the reans have expressed themselves from American friends of the ground of the Fukagawa Chris- as desirous of becoming believ- Philippines would call out gifts tian Center; floors were con- ers, or of knowing more of the from the Filipinos of 1,000,000 structed and stoves provided; Christian religion. pesos during the next ten years.

and from December first until Bishop Lee believes that an May first 6,504 frev lodgings ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC indigenous, self-supporting and and 13,008 free meals were sup- self-directing Church may be Self-Determination in the plied to the unemployed. One well begun within this period of Philippines thousand t w.o hundred and ten years.

twenty-five different men were. Within the last ten years, two For Lepers at Culion helped. Twice a week special of the outstanding denomina- Gospel meetings were held. tions in the Philippines have The work for lepers in the gone on record officially as fav- Crying for Bible School oring Filipino aspirations for Philippine Archipelago is being political self-determination. The carried on by four agencies: Dr. J. G. Holdcroft, General Filipinization of the church has Secretarr of the Korea Sunday 1. The g 0 vel' n men t as- sumes responsibility for all lep-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ers and is endeavoring to seg- sion to prevent or lessen evils God and the Depression gregate them in the leper colony that come from the manufac- A call to prayer sent forth to at Culion. The population there ture, sale and use of intoxicants. Christian p e 0 pIe throughout is approximately 6,000. It is not a question of state Canada and the United States by 2. The Leonard Wood Memo- rights or personal rights and a group of business and profesrial is organized to study leprosy preference any more than is the scientifically, and has at its dis- sional men of Alberta, Canada, posal the sum of $2,000,000, traffic in narcotics and firearms. declares that there is no natural given in the United States. Its It is a question of the protection explanation for the pre sen t purpose is the eradication of leprosy. It is concerned merely of the weak, and the greatest "astounding" world-wide buswith the scientific study of lep- good for the greatest number. iness depression. They assume rosy and its prevention or cure. their share of responsibility and No part of its funds is available To learn facts about prohibition for lepers. and the liquor traffic it will be guilt for the depression in not worthwhile to procure a recent recognizing the existence or 3. The American Mission to copy of the "Quiz Book" from claims of God or His power to help. the Anti-Saloon League, Wester- ville, Ohio. This document has five divi- Lepers supports a missionary in Better Than a Brewery sions : a list of the facts, i.e.

Culion and helps the lepers in unemployment, overproduction, other ways. The owner of a large, now un- universal impotence in finding used, prewery became interested 4. The Philippine Anti-Lep- in the Goodwill Industries that the solution. Then follows the rosy Society was organized a help to furnish employment to few years ago to help the leper needy people of Terre Haute, In- assertion that divine displeasure patients. A careful and thor- diana, and donated the bricks is alone responsible for the situough survey was made two years from his brewery to build a new ation : next, confession that ago and revealed an appalling twenty-five thousand dollar comcondition with regard to former munity house and a three-story business men have conducted aflepers who left the colony and Goodwill industrial plant. The fairs as if profits were their sole tried to rehabilitate themselves. city of Terre Haute paid its un- objective, and have not loved Often they found, after years of employed artisans and laborers their neighbors as themselves; residence in the colony, that all to raze the old structure and that God's existence is not recogtheir family had died or were erect the new community house, nized. A day of prayer and scattered. They were feared, which was dedicated on January fasting is suggested, and finally and unable to obtain work. The the promise to do whatever is necessary to show their repent- ance and their obedience to God.

Anti-Leprosy 'S 0 c i e t y helps 28 by Bishop Edgar Blake of the Canvass Brings Results these discharged patients to find Methodist Episcopal Church. An new footholds. enlarged Goodwill Industries St. Louis church members had plant was also dedicated in Pitts- a revelation in the survey and NORTH AMERICA burgh by Bishop Herbert Welch. visitation evangelistic appeal of 85 white and 26 color e d The Goodwill methods provide churches, directed by Dr. A. Youth and Prohibition work for the handicapped and Earl Kernahan of Washington, While certain forces are agi- unemployed instead of pauper- D. C. Approximately 5,000 tating a repeal of the Prohibi- izing them. Social leaders are awoke to their responsibility, tion Amendment and a poll is urging the development of such and undertook a house-to-house being made to discover public work instead of giving a dole to visitation, with personal appeal sentiment, hundreds of young the unemployed. During the to non-church folk. The survey men and women attended the past four years the Goodwill In- covered 576,125 white persons 25th Biennial Convention of the dustries in sixty cities of the and 41,689 colored. Tabulation Anti-Saloon League held at United States have paid out $5,- of the findings for w hit e Washington, D. C., from the 544,241 in opportunity wages to churches showed 111,791 per- 15th to the 19th of January. In handicapped and unfortunate sons of all ages not attending place of the old slogan, "The people, and $1,902,420 in service Sunday schools, and 72,651 Saloon must go," the new tem- wages-a total of $7,446,661. white persons who have been perance battle cry is, "The Boot- Discarded materials collected members of or prefer Protestant legger must go." The old con- from many sources provided $9,- churches. At the end of the first flict was to take the saloon out 357,294 of the $11,697,060 re- week of personal evangelistic of politics and out of the com- quired to carryon the total appeal, 5,521 persons had given munity; the new fight is to take work. These industries have also their names for church memberbootlegging out of commerce greatly stimulated the morale ship. and the hip flask out of social among the unemployed through· life. Temperance and total ab- daily chapel services, churches of Italian Pastors Answer Pope stinence are personal moral Goodwill, rescue missions, and The Italian ministers of evanquestions; prohibition is a gov- personal work in Goodwill work- gelical faith in New York and vicinity, on January 4, adopted ernmental and patriotic provi- rooms, stores, and homes.

a paper commenting upon the coal regions. The mild winter, conducted in the poorer sections Papal Encyclical, Lux Veritatis, the competition of oil, electricity of the city and these have aided appealing for the return of the and water power have dealt a greatly in the fight against ma- separated Christian bodies to blow to the coal industry. laria. The majority of the staff the Church of Rome. They crit- The great problem lying back is Dominican. icize the Pope's manner of ap- of the immediate emergency is At Cap Haitien proaching the subject of church that of finding some new field of union, and call upon him to labor for these people, who are Rev. A. Groves Wood, Baptist "convene a true Ecumenical largely of American stock. missionary in Haiti, reports a band of about 30 thoroughly con- Council, to which all Christian Indian Mission Fire bodies will be represented and verted believers preparing for freedom of discussion permitted The United Lutheran Mission house at Rocky Boy Indian Mis- baptism in Cap Haitien. Servto all, so as to promote the de- sion, Montana, was completely ices are so well attended that sired reunion of all Christian destroyed on Sunday morning, many have only standing room. March 6th, during the Sunday churches on the fundamental po- school hour. Fortunately no New converts must face persesition of the Bible." cution; three have been turned -Christian Advocate. out of their homes because of Jerry McAuley Cremorne lives were .lost. The building their faith, but in each case a Mission housed industrial work and Christian home has opened to re- products, young people's activi- ceive them. Cap Haitien is re- For fifty continuous years the ties, Missionary Society and part puted to be the hardest town to of the Sunday school. It must win in Haiti. Jerry McAuley Cremorne Mis- be replaced at the earliest date sion, founded by the Apostle to so as not to jeopardize the work Bi-centennial in Virgin Islands the Lost whose name it bears, Special services were held on has been ministering twenty- w h i chis done successfully four hours a day to the spiritual the island of St. Thomas in the and bodily needs of the needy in among 600 Cree and Cherokee week beginning April 1st, in Indians.

the Tenderloin of New York. Move Toward Union commemoration of the 200th Today the electric sign over its anniversary of Moravian mis- door, "Jesus Saves," is working A plan for the union of the sionary work. It was in that through the love of God to trans- Presbyterian Church in the U.S. island that the first missionaries form human derelicts into self- A. and the United Presbyterian of the "United Brethren" as supporting, useful members of Church of North America has they were called, began their society, reuniting families and been completed and will be pre- work. Each congregation of saving souls to bear personal sented at the two general assem- Moravians throughout the world testimony to God's goodness. blies. The plan specifies that in has written a letter to the con- Through its superintendent and the event of union the name of greg.ation in the island of St. his assistants, and through the the church shall be the Presby- Thomas. Moravians have always prayers and financial support of terian Church of America. It planned their work on an interfriends, discouraged and some- looks forward to 1934 as the national scale, and their work is times desperate men have found year for the consummation. an inspiration to other societies. food, shelter, Christian friend- There will be further opporship, and, greater stilI, the saving friendship of Jesus Christ. LATIN AMERICA tunity later in the year for Mo- ravians in other countries to The Mission's fiftieth anni- Health Work in Santo Domingo celebrate wit h thanksgiving versary was celebrated March 6- 17 with appropriate services The new building of the Hos- these 200 years, but it is fitting each night. pital Internacional was opened that the first notes of thanksgiv- in Santo Domingo on February ing should be heard from the Save the Children 16th. The president, Mrs. M. island of St. Thomas. An organization known as the Katharine Bennett, officially rep- resented the Board for Christian Newspaper Evangelism in Brazil International Save the Children Work in Santo Domingo, under In the effort to spread the Fund has been organized, with whose auspices the hospital is Gospel over a large area in headquarters at 156 Fifth Ave., operated. The ceremony was at- Brazil and to enter doors closed New York. Its object is the tended by high officials of the na- to evangelical workers, it is care of children in the stricken tional and city government, and planned to pub lis h a little mining districts of America and . was an outstanding event in the monthly paper called Light and to help secure funds for work life of the city. This institution Life. It will be advertised in among children in other lands. is recognized as the leader in its the Bahia dailies that this paper At present the Fund is endeav- field and maintains the only will be sent free to anyone for a oring to provide clothing and training school for nurses in the period of six months. Some of medical aid for at least 20,000 republic and the only baby the fields are so large that the destitute children in Kentucky clinic. Regular clinics have been missionaries can only visit some

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

points once a year. Light and Mennonite Central Committee school in Valparaiso. Some of Life will be sent to these isolat- will superintend the coloniza- the teachers have been educated ed places in an endeavor to con- tion. in mission schools and never serve the gains and awaken in- have received the State certifiterest in the Gospel during the For most of the refugees, the cates. However, two have gone absence of the missionary. arrival at Paraguay will mark to Normal School to continue the end of a long trek from the their studies, and missionaries A mother and daughter are Volga River, into Manchuria, in are receiving encouraging renow attending the Bahia Church constant fear of recapture by ports. The two young women as a result of newspaper evan- Soviet patrols. Various relief and a third, who was once a stugelism. There are many in Bra- agencies have been providing dent at the Central Escuela Popzil hungering for the Bread of food and shelter until arrange- ular, have been called shining Life. Newspaper evangelism ments for permanent settlement sparks. By their honesty and seeks out those searching for the elsewhere could be made. The unselfishness they have succeedtruth and brings them into con- Lutheran contingent will prob- ed in interesting others in Christact with Christ. ably be sent to Brazil, though tianity. The girls con d u c t some hope of permission to enter prayer meetings in their room, Single-Handed Evangelization Australia is still held by the and many students assemble to American Lutheran authorities. listen. Dr. Tucker of the American Smaller groups belonging to Bible Society's Agency in Brazil other denominations will throw Bible Burning in Bolivia tells of a Gospel work carried in their lot with either the Menon for 30 years· by a man from nonites or the Lutherans. Mr. Charles H. Larson, mis- Toronto, Mr. Perrin Smith. -The Christian Intelligencer. sionary of the Bolivian Indian Without help from any church Mission, writes: or society and, realizing what New Interest in Peru property he possessed, set out "Last November brought two alone to the heart of the state of The Rev. Harry Strachan, missionary priests to Capinota Maranhao. Soon he was engaged passing over Peru with the help to hold a mission and to prepare in an intensive evangelization of of an aeroplane, has brought the way for the bishop, who a great area calling for long and such a message from God that came a week later. arduous journeys on horseback Christian sowers and reapers over difficult and little known have been able to rejoice to- "The priests told the people trails. Everywhere the message gether. Dr. Montano, of Lima, t hat Protestant missionaries was given-in farmsteads, vil- tells how the meetings conducted were the most immoral and imlages and towns, and nearly al- by Mr. Strachan produced the becile of folks, and that all who ways in the open air, as still is effect upon the city that they had were deceived by us would turn his custom. His labors have hoped and prayed for but which out the same. A great effort was been so abundant and so blessed had been hindered by the out- made to collect the 'bad Protthat now he can make journeys break of revolution. estant literature' to burn (Bibles of many weeks' duration, yet and New Testaments considered every night rest in the house of Dr. Montano writes: "The the worst of all). They got about some believer. At present, he is church was filled, the people fifty New Testaments from folks supporting several native work- listening with rapt attention as who went to confession. ers by selling milk and honey in is seldom seen, and apparently the city of Barra where he is so hungry for the Word. The last "When the bishop came they respected as to have been offered meeting of the series was mar- made a bonfire of all this literathe post of mayor, which offer vellous. Of the three hundred ture. The bishop also told the he declined. and fifty people present, almost people afterwards that they -The Sunday School Times. all remained, and many indicat- ought to bring in their firewood ed their desire to know Christ and burn the Protestant mis- Refugees Bound for Paraguay and follow Him. At the close sionaries as well." we gave out two hundred and The first contingent of the 1,- ten Testaments of the Million -The Moody Monthly. 700 or 1,800 Christian refugees Testament Cam p a i g n. The from Russia left their tempo- outcome of these services has EUROPE rary haven at Harbin, Manchu- been a most valuable impulse to ria, early in February. Three our work." Evangelicals in Spain hundred Mennonites sailed from Shanghai for Marseilles in Feb- -South America. Evangelical Spaniards welruary and these two groups will comed with rejoicing the estabbe transported to Argentina, Teachers in Chile lishment of the Republic. It thence to Paraguay, where the represented the purification of refugees will settle. The Nan- The new law which permits national life. It means a spiritsen Refugee Commission is ar- only te.achers with State certifi- ual liberation of Evangelicals, ranging transportation and the cates to teach in Chile has affect- giving the full right to worship ed the Central Escuela Popular, according to our conscience. . . . a Presbyterian Mission .girls' Weare pleased that the first president of the Republic is a

man of religious faith and has liens is pastor, has opened a The Gossner Mission Society, invoked divine guidance, repair- new outstation at Boulogne-sur- organized in 1836, works excluing privately to the church to Seine, and a book shop is in full sively in India. It has 7 misrender his vows. swing. Cheering reports come sionaries, 885 native helpers, from West Africa, Normandy, 119,922 converts, 5,106 proba- The new Spanish constitution Brittany, Fontenay and the tioners, 5,419 male and 1,730 feis superior to many that are in Paris "Black Zone," where this male students. force among nations considered church supports w 0 r k e r s. among the most advanced. With- Through the Gospel Sky-Sign The Leipzig Mission Society, out falling into extremes it has Mission, i I I u min ate d texts, organized in 1836, has its fields solved problems which, like that flashed from the roof of the Tab- in India, East Africa (Tanganof the separation of Church and ernacle, are read daily by hun- yika). It reports 55 mission- State, have taken thirty years to dreds of people. Large numbers aries, 640 native helpers, 31,764 solve in other countries and of unconverted people attend the converts, 3,155 probationers, which are yet to be solved, as in service, and last year thirty- 11,163 male and 6,798 female the Argentine Republic. An two converts, mostly ex-Roman- students. Italian paper says, "Spain teach- ists, were baptized. es." The new constitution has The Hermannsburg Missionsolved the religious problem, giv- German Evangelical Missions ary Society was organized in ing just and fair solutions, ap- 1849. It works in Natal, Transproving the freedom of worship, A survey of the eight oldest vaal and Abyssinia. It has 108 the secularization of.the ceme- G e r man missionary societies missionaries, 254 native helpers, teries, the respect for the con- gives the following summary: 105,495 converts, 1,001 probascience of soldiers and marines, tioners, 5,080 male and 7,309 feand civil marriage. All these are Moravian Mission, which is male students. questions which the Spanish celebrating its 200th anniver- Evangelical Alliance and all sary this year, 62 missionaries, Hungarian Christian Students Spanish Protestants had written 540 native h e I per s, 38,576 on their banner. heathen converts, 1,824 proba- The winter conference of the tioners, 8,388 male and 7,699 fe- Hungarian Student Christian -Espana Evangelica. male pupils. It works in East Movement this year coincided and West Africa and Nyasaland. with the 25th anniversary of the Turning from Marx to God founding of the movement. The The Basel Mission Society, or- significance of this movement in An American correspondent ganized in 1918, has 192 mis- developing permanent Christian of The Presbyterian Banner in sionaries and 1,894 native help- leadership is proved by the thou- Falkenstein, Saxony, writes: ers in China, Borneo, India, the sands of its former members "Prayers go up from the back Gold Coast and Cameroun. It now in positions of authority room of the textile factory. The reports a total of 65,596 heath- and influence throughout Czechworkers are praying for help. en converts, 7,259 probationers, oslovakia. Prayers go up from the prayer 27,706 male and 7,127 female halls on a dozen corners of pupils. Learning from Russia Falkenstein. The jobless of 'Red' Falkenstein are on their The Berlin Mission Society, Nobody has ever called me a knees. 'Red' Falkenstein has organized in 1824, is at work in Bolshevik, or accused me of too turned from Marx to God. In China, South Africa and East great sympathy with the Rusthe midst of the 'hardest winter Africa. It reports 166 mission- sian Soviets; yet I confess to in 100 years,' this community of aries, 1,797 native helpers, 89,- real admiration for the Moscow 15,000 souls has a higher per- 927 converts, 3,087 probationers, Government on some counts. In centage of unemployment and of 24,827 male and 17,945 female certain particulars it has shown misery than any other in Ger- more sense, more strategy and many. It seems likely that in all students. more statesmanship, than any its troubled post-war history other government or organiza- Germany can present no more The Rhenish Mission Society, tion on earth. The Russians are impressive proof of popular be- organized in 1828, is working miles ahead of the Church with wilderment than the 'flight to principally in Cape Colony, respect to one of the Church's religion' in one-time revolution- South and West Africa, Suma- own particular problems. ary Falkenstein." Is anyone tra, Nias, Mentawei, China. It moved to brand this as supersti- reports 270 missionaries, 1,404 Upon the subject of youth tion? We would rather cast in native helpers, 435,236 converts, training they have seen straight our lot with these Germans and 20,782 probationers, 35,396 male and acted sanely. To them it their faith than with the philoso- and 14,603 female students. has been clear from the first, phy of materialistic atheism. and of uppermost importance, The Bremen Mission Society, that they must prepare a new Pastor Sailliens in Paris organized in 1836, is at work in generation of Russians if they English and French Togo and are to make their experiment a The Paris Tabernacle Church, the Gold Coast. It has 14 mis- success. So from the cradle to of which Pastor Reuben SaiI- sionaries, 269 native helpers, maturity, they have drilled the 30,518 converts, and 7,505 stu- dents.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

young people intensively in the the formation of a Medical Mis- brought white ministers, while principles and practice of Bol- sionary Association, representa- by truck, by bicycle, or wearily shevism-thus creating a rather tive of all the churches, the ob- trudging along on foot came the ominous situation for religion jects of which would be: native representatives. One eland for world order. der, a delegate to Presbytery, 1. To coordinate the work of who is also an important govern- -William T. Ellis, LL. D. medical missions with a view to ment headman, came in his per- ensuring their distribution in sonally-owned Ford truck driven AFRICA the most needy areas. The first by a native chauffeur; bicycles step towards this would be a were common among the native "The Tireless Missionary" medical survey of the country to brethren. Not many years ago ascertain the population, preva- the white II!-en all rode bicycles, On the edge of the worst slum lence of disease, and existing fa- and the natIves were all on foot. in Cairo, a quarter with the rep- cilities for medical treatment in utation of having the largest various areas. There were present at this criminal population and the meeting of Presbytery at Mchighest infant mortality in the 2. To educate public opinion Lean Station in Cameroun, West city, the missionaries of the as to the need for medical mis- Africa, 39 ordained ministers of Church Missionary Society have sion work, and especially to im- whom 17 were missionaries. a bulletin board at the mission press upon the government and Probably 45 of the 50 churches entrance. On this board they the Provincial authorities the were represented by elders; post a large Bible picture, value of the work being done, while 30 licentiates and local changed each week, and call it and to obtain increased facilities evangelists were also present. "the missionary who never gets for such work. tired." There is a printed ex- These men gathered on the planation of the picture in Ara- -South African Outlook. benches in the Lolodorf church. bic. The picture has never been From whence have they come? torn or stolen, and all day long Adopting Babies From Batanga on the coast to little groups gather and gaze at 400 miles inland almost to the it while one of their number The McBurney Orphanage at eastern border of Cameroun reads the explanation. Elat recently reported 69 or- and 200 miles from Bafia on th~ phan babies under their care. north to the border of Spanish A book is usually mentioned, There are also 60 childless fam- Guinea on the south, and then which people are invited to come ilies waiting for babies to adopt. on along the Spanish Guinea into the mission and buy. The They cannot just say "give me coastline for another 150 miles. missionaries observe a cycle of a baby"; they must present a prayer, including a day when written application telling of A fine group of men are the the work of providing literature their wish and Christian expe- native ministers and licentiates. is especially remembered. The rience. Unless they are church They show evidence of their edufirst day when the work was so members they cannot have a cation and training in the alert remembered was the first day child. Their church session or look and frank countenance. A that anyone came in to buy one of the missionaries must well-dressed Bulu minister from books. Two Moslems were the also recommend the couple. The Bafia is stationed among a tribe first customers. foster mother must also spend famous for their scantiness of two months at the orphanage apparel. The native minister, Really good religious pictures, caring for the child she wishes, long in charge of the Efulan especially in the large sizes, are under the supervision of matron church, in his earlier experience of great use in dealing with pa- and nurses. She is also visited dwelt among cannibals. The tients in hospitals who cannot as frequently as possible after white-mustachioed elder of the read, and also for Bible women the child leaves to see that all Corisco church traveled 150 who take them about for teach- is going well. As far as possi- miles in an open surf-boat on the ing in people's homes. ble the babies are returned to ocean, and then 70 miles by mo- their own tribe and have been tor .to attend this meeting. Medical Mission Cooperation sent to the homes of masons, car- penters, chauffeurs, teachers Christians "Turn Malay" A great deal of discussion is and evangelists-the latter pretaking place as to the best means dominating. Never are the ba- The Pilot, official organ of of providing medical services bies forgotten in prayer when Cape Town Diocese, states that for natives in rural areas. In the nurses meet for morning many Christian men and women the South African Medical Jour- worship. are lapsing into Mohammedannal Dr. A. W. Burton strongly ism. Not infrequently men "turn advocates "coordinating all serv- A Picturesque Presbytery Malay" to marry Moslem girls. ices in the interests of the na- In one parish a confirmation tives at the mission centers al- On that warm, mid-December class of forty girls was asked to ready established" and adds that day strangers were passing over hold hands up if they knew any "at such centers medical serv- every road leading to the mis- Christian girls who had gone ices could with much advantage sion station. Fords, Chevrolets, over to Islam; practically every be added." In view of this in- Chryslers and mot 0 r c y c I e s terest, the time is opportune for

hand went up. The reason why of Jerusalem and has been sent to Persia in 1926 as a short-time the Moslem is stronger for Islam to the pro-Arabian Committee volunteer teacher in Stuart Methan the Christian is for Christ, for consideration. It is recom- morial College. He acquired a the article suggests, is a want of mended that this conference be working knowledge of Persian teaching among the colored peo- under the chairmanship of a and spent his spare time in ple, where the lapses take place. neutral person, upon whom both evangelizing the Persian vil- Church people are not suffi- sides and also the English Gov- lages. During the bitter winter ciently grounded in their re- ernment could agree; that Pales- in Isfahan, day after day he ran ligion, and too much is taken for tine be divided into separate ad- a soup kitchen in the poorest granted. There is great need for ministrative districts; that Jew- part of the city. His evangelisthe constant instruction of sim- ish interests be concentrated in tic tours carried him into remote ple church people living in Mos- one of these districts, to be called mountain districts where he was lem districts, on the imperative "National Home for :fews"; that in peril of robbers. Once he was duty of standing fast in the the Jewish district be part of the arrested and kept a prisoner for faith, and on the falsity of the Palestinian State and be subject a week, which time he devoted religion of Islam, so that they to the Palestinian Constitution; to evangelizing the soldiers may know how to give a reason that the constitution assure full guarding him. It was an experifor the faith that is in them. autonomy for the Jewish popula- ence in all kinds of hardships- tion, but only with regard to intense cold, intense heat, ver- -South African Outlook. inner Jewish affairs; that it also min, short rations, and much guarantee to the Jews a due par- else. WESTERN ASIA ticipation in the general govern- ment of the land. It is also pro- His devotion cost his life, and Near East Christian Council posed that inhabitants of the he has passed on after an attack Jewish District be given a time of typhus. In his clear mo- The chief factor in the deci- to emigrate to other districts if ments he was much concerned sion to organize the Near East they wish. Both sides are to about the police of Isfahan. He Christian Council was the Mos- have the privilege of appeal to used sometimes to ride down the lem problem. In order to more the League of Nations against main avenue of the town on his effectively and rapidly evangel- any decision of the Tribunal. bicycle without a lamp, so that ize the 77,000,000 Moslems of the policeman who would stop the Near East, it was seen that -Alliance Weekly. him might hear about Jesus. closer cooperation was essential "Nurse," he cried in delirium, among the hundred societies, Mohammedanism in Cyprus "do you know the police have with their 2,000 missionaries at only one quilt and no charcoal work in that field. Accordingly, Mohammedanism too kits and it is so cold!" and he threw the C 0 u n c i I was definitely start in Cyprus when the island his own eiderdown quilt off the launched in 1927, and about was conquered by the Osmans in bed. His last prayer was a 50 % of the mission workers are 1571. There are 65,000 Turks thanksgiving to God for the now in its fellowship. who belong to the Sunnite-Hani- friendship of Jesus. fites. The Order of the Mewlewi The influence of the Central has a dervish convent in Niko- Bishop Linton writes: "We Literature Committee for Mos- sia, which is ruled by a hered- praise God for Clifford Harris lems extends far beyond the itary sheik. There are three who gave his life for village Near East; in fact, wherever Turkish dailies. A Mohamme- evangelism in Persia and for the missionaries work among Mo- dean-Christian con g r e gation hammedans, its literature may there is very small and station- poor of Persia." be used. Other Committees are ary in its development. The -Sunday School Times. on Christian Education; on Mis- island is provided with literasions and Governments; on Jew- ture by the students of a religi- INDIA AND BURMA ish work-it is thought by some ous seminary in Athens conductthat christianized Jews make ed by Prof. Levonian. So far Influence of Books the best missionaries to Mos- there have been circulated 2,050 lems; and another on Relations copies of the Scriptures and A reading room in Nasik City to Ancient Oriental Churches. A there was a great demand for is doing a useful work. For sixth Committee is very impor- literature in the new alphabet some months there has not been tant, that on Evangelism. The based on the Latin. An Ar- seating room for those who Rev. Robert P. Wilder, D.D., is menian pastor reports that he come. Time was when trouble General Secretary of this Coun- has visited 622 villages of the making persons used to snatch cil. island and preached unhindered. from readers' hands books on the Christian religion, and give Palestinian Jews and Arabs A Volunteer in Persia them instead other books to read. Once a Brahman student A round-table conference of Clifford Harris, educated in protested: "Mr. Gandhi and Jews and Arabians to consider the "Blue Coat School," London, other leaders have decided to orpoints by which these two peo- and at King's College, went out der their conduct by the teachples could work together, has ing of the Lord Jesus Christ. the approval of the Grand Mufti They have given an uplift to all

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

India. Mr. Gandhi himself has little personal luggage and a pile their children to the schools ato b s e r v e d Christ's teaching: of Gospels. On the first journey tended by children of caste 'Love your enemies; if anyone he met an educated gentleman, Hindus. But with the Baroda smite thee on the one cheek, of- who seemed to be interested. Government standing firm, refer to him the other also,' and "But after all, what is the es- sentment cannot hold out in so doing has given India an sence of the true religion ?" against an increasingly enlightexcellent example. Under his asked the gentleman. "Is it not ened public opinion. own supervision Bible teaching sufficient for one to obey one's is given in Ahmedabad ColJege. conscience?" "T rue religion," Pandita Ramabai Hostel So if there is such good teach- answered the student, "is that Wilson College, Bombay, has ing in the Bible, why should we which brings a man freedom and completed a scheme whereby not read it?" From then on no lifts him out of the mire of sin." twenty Indian women students further trouble occurred. "I confess that I am not a re- are provided with hostel facili- -C. M. S. Outlook. ligious man," con tin u e d the ties in the new building named stranger. "I have to work hard the Pandita Ramabai Hostel. Shock Troops Not Shaken to earn my living and support When the American Ramabai The North India Methodist my family. Some day I hope to Association was dissolved a few Conference ref use s to give have time to study the subject years ago, it transferred its ground. When its appropria- of religion. I believe in getting fund of a lakh of rupees to Wil- tion was cut 9,000 rupees this salvation from my own religion son College for this purpose, and year, its best known member, E. which I have inherited from my gave a further sum of Rs, 20,- Stanley Jones, offered to make fathers." 000; Wilson College authorities up one third of this amount, "But have you studied the supplied the balance, and the each missionary family agreed Bible?" asked the student. "Have Church of Scotland Mission the to give 45 rupees each month for you a copy?" site.

one year and the Conference "Yes, I have a copy," was the American Aid in Dornakal voted a 10% cut on all salaries answer. "It was given me oy the Bible Society when I grad- Since March 1, 1930, the Anabove 45 rupees a month. -Christian Advocate. uated .at Calcutta. But I have glican Church in India has been not read it much." a free and independent branch Gandhi Exhorts India Christians He promised to read the book of the Anglican Communion; no Just before his arrest, Mahat- and the two men parted. longer the Church of England in ma Gandhi issued the following -W. E. H. Organ in The Stu- India, but the Church of India, message to Indian Christians: dent Outlook. Burma, and Ceylon; free to for- I trust that in the struggle on Schools for "Untouchables" mulate its own Constitution, Canons, and order of service. It which the country is about to embark One of India's most difficult has before it the task of giving Indian Christians who tender their problems is that of the "un- a characteristically national inloyalty to the one whom they call the touchables," involving social, terpretation to Christianity. Prince of Peace will not be behind economic and religious ramifica- The Episcopal Church is now to any community in the struggle which tions. The Round Table Con- cooperate, and missionary work is essentially based on peace. I suggest that service in the national strug- gle is an infinitely greater safeguard ference gave prominence to the will be commenced in the Dio- question and many Christian cese of Dornakal, which for for the protection of a minority that missionaries have been working has rendered such service than any for years upon the problem. A many years has had vigorous paper security. mass movements. During the I would like to lay stress .on .khad- dar (homespun cloth) and prohibition. solution seems to have been be- last decade the average increase gun in a recent decision in the in church membership has been … r hope that every Christian home Baroda State, abolishing special schools for "untouchable" chil- over 7,000. In point of memberwill be adorned by the installation of ship the diocese is the largest in the spinning wheel and every Chris- tian .body with khaddar spun and woven by the hands of our poor coun- dren, and opening the govern- India, yet vast tracts are still trymen and countrywomen. ment primary schools to these untouched by any evangelistic children. This has caused some agency. I have never understood how a resentment among Hindu vil- Christian can take intoxicating drink. The particular field that has Did not Jesus say to Satan when he went to seduce Him, "Get thee behind lagers, resulting in oppression; been offered to the Episcopal me, Satan"? Is not intoxicating drink Satan incarnate? How can a Chris- crops of "untouchables" have Church lies in the Hyderabad tian serve both Satan and Christ? State, an Indian Native State. been destroyed, kerosene poured A ·Pilgrim with the Gospel into their wells and one social Eventually, it will be called upon worker was stoned. In some to share in the activities of the A student in the Central Prov- villages caste people withdraw whole diocese. There is also inces decided to spend part of their children from the schools scope for inaugurating and de- ·his long vacation bearing wit- and in others there is a move to veloping the educational, medi- ness for his Lord. He set out on get the "untouchables" to give cal and economic activities of a journey, partly by train and a written statement to the effect the Church.

partly on foot, carrying a very that they are unwilling to send -Spirit of Missions.

Lutheran Advances added the other thirty-seven per J esse Lee Corley on behalf of the cent because the work was al- World's Sunday School Associa- The Board of Foreign Mis- ready planned and workers em- tion. Dr. Corley was in China sions of the United Lutheran ployed, but this situation cannot from October, 1930, to Septem- Church reports that the Andhra be met another year. Our writ- ber, 1931 as chairman of the Evangelical Lutheran Church ing of retrenchment does not deputation of five that made the in India, in its annual conven- mean that we are willing to re- survey. Twenty-seven centers tion last fall,' ordained twenty- trench without making a sac- were visited, four t r a i n i n g three native Indian men to the rifice ourselves, and we are al- schools held and two national Christian ministry. This is the ready giving for support of work gatherings. first class to be ordained since that seems urgently necessary the Andhra Evangelical Luther- no less than $3,000." The National Committee for an Church was reorganized. It Christian Religious Education was also decided by the Board CHINA AND MANCHURIA in China was formed as the that no person appointed to in- Committee on Religious Educadependent charge of work un- Manchuria or Manchoukuo? tion for the National Christian der the General Work Commit- Council. Dr. C. S. Miao and tee in India shall be permitted On February 26, the new Rev. Ronald Rees are the gento stand for any elective govern- State of Manchuria was named eral secretaries of the new commental office during the next "Manchoukuo." – The w 0 r d mittee. twelve months, except by ap- "M a n" meaning Manchuria, proval of the General Work "Chou" meaning a large area, Students Turn to Christ Committee. and "kuo," being the generic name for a nation or state. Out of the group of students Burma Observations Changchun was made the capi- in Foochow College, China, who tal, according to a statement is- decided definitely to become Rev. B. C. Case, Baptist work- sued by the "Administrative Christians during the recent viser in Pyinmana, Burma, after a Committee" at Mukden. The it of Sherwood Eddy, 33 have visit to the rural conference at ruler of the country, the state- been received into church mem- Nagpur, India, says: "I have ment continues, shall be called bership and 25 have expressed a had opportunities to observe Chin Cheng, meaning Dictator, des ire for further training. other mission activities, aside and he was provisionally install- Christian schools in China, says from those related to agricul- ed as such until formally initi- Rev. Ralph R. Shrader, have ture. There seems to be a great- ated "by the will of the people, ceased to be "the" Christian er understanding and acceptance according to the constitution to schools and are becoming "our" of the spirit of Christ by edu- be promulgated in the future." Christian schools. Many of the cated Hindus than appears prev- students who were drawn away alent among the educated Bud- A new five-colored flag has from the Church by Commudhists in Burma. The theistic been adopted as the banner of nism, or who were repelled by background may help to make Manchoukuo. The bottom of what seemed to them "ultrathis easier. I heard remarkable yellow, with red, blue, white and conservatism" are now giving statements of the recognition of black bars above. that institution another trial. Christ's uniqueness and adora- "We have led these young peotion of him by Hindus at meet- The name of the new era is ple out of their old ways of ings to celebrate Christmas. Ta Tung, meaning "Great Un- thinking;. they can never go Part of this may be due to the ion," and the temporary Dicta- b a c k. We must see them generations of Christian teach- tor, selected by the Japanese and through," says Mr. Shrader, ing carried on in mission schools under their protection, is Henry who believes that if the Chriso~ the land. . . This trip has Pu-Yi, the former Manchu "Boy tian Church fails to win the alglven me a greater appreciation Emperor" of China. He is a legiance of these young people, of and admiration for India and young man of about twenty-sev- through misunderstanding or its spiritual attainments." en years of age and is without lack of vision, many of the best any governmental experience. and most idealistic will turn to Missionaries Help Reduce Deficit Communism. A body of 2,000 old Kirin In Burma the national teach- troops, as the forces opposing Conflict in Kiangsi ers have decided to give a the dominion in Manchuria are month's salary or more to help known, are operating on the Communist forces govern and carry their schools through this western section of the Chinese devastate large areas in Kiangsi. year.of cut bUdgets. From Miss Eastern Railway. The Japanese In Yuanchow, men and women Lettie Archer, Baptist mission- have established a strong garri- have been ordered to forsake the ary in West China comes the son at Harbin. worship of God and take up the statement: "We receive from Communist cause, and on refus-' the Woman's Foreign Society Religious Education Plans ing to do so many have been but sixty-three per cent of what murdered. In about eight cenwe must use. This year we have "Religious Education in the ters it has been impossible to Chinese Church," is a report which tells of the work of Dr.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

carryon Christian services, but any education and from non- mittee on work for Moslems, generally they courageously con- Christian homes, thronged the through which all missions tinue to meet secretly. The gen- classrooms and overflowed the working among Chinese Moseral impression is that interest yards. The girl teachers were lems might cooperate. Special in the Gospel is greater than swamped and sent out an S 0 S literature and special training ever. to the boys who were itinerat- for the missionaries are re- A new venture in Nanchang ing. The latter responded and quired, and can best be provided is a Gospel message in the ad- hurried in to help the girls take in cooperation. vertisement columns of a local care of this mob of lively, noisy newspaper. The same message and interested children. Oldest Chinese Baptist Church appears every day for a week, The school lasted for four The oldest Chinese Baptist and is changed each Monday weeks and over 180 attended church in the world is located at m 0 r n i n g. Several inquiries faithfully, rain or shine, during Bangkok. It is said to be the have resulted and one inquirer the hottest of the season. The oldest organized Chinese Prothas been definitely converted. youthful teachers showed a fine estant church in the world and Another wrote that he had lost spirit of enthusiastic service. has been meeting in the same all his relatives in bandit trou- place for a hundred years. bles and was in despair and was A special Bible class, held by thinking of becoming a Bud- the pastor, was attended by the A variety of work is carried entire group of eighteen volun- on, including a kindergarten, dhist monk. The first message tarily. The great principles of numbering twenty-one. A colspoke to him, the second seemed Christianitywere expounded and porteur is doing excellent work to be just what he was needing, questions were asked and an- in Chinese and Siamese. About and he wanted to receive liter- a mile away from the old church ature which would tell him more swered. One result is that the a mission has been opened and a of the Gospel. group unanimously dec 1are d school started. their intention 'to join the Chris- -China's Millions. tian groups in their respective An Encouraging Experiment schools and to make friends A Place to Pray In China one of the most diffi- with the Christian leaders there. Over the pulpit of the church cult jobs for the church pastor This experiment gives much en- at Chungju is an electric light is the finding of work for the which burns all night long, so young people of the church. Our couragement for the future of that any persons wishing to East Suburb Church in Tsinan, enter the church to pray may do Shantung, has tackled this prob- the Church and Christianity in lem with good results. so. One of the doors is always China. open. Often before daylight K. K. THOMPSON, Presbyterian Mission, Tsinan.

Eighteen young Chinese con- General Asks for Prayer Christians will come to pray be- fore beginning the duties of the nected with the Church include The Chinese army general in day, as few, if any, of them have thirteen g i r I san d five boys command at Yangchow request- any private places in their ed local Christians to have a homes for prayer. The average who are attending Senior High series of special prayer meet- size of the rooms is 7 x 7 feet Schools in Tsinan, Tungchow ings for China. He attended one and these are often occupied by (Hopei), and in Peiping. Not of the meetings and talked three or four members of the all are baptized members, but plainly about the weakness of family who sleep on the floor. they are all friendly with the the Chinese character, and how C h r is t ian movement. These they did not need to fear Japa- By Families, Not Individuals young people returned last sum- nese airplanes and cannon so mer for their vacations, and the much as their own hearts. The A radical change in method Church leaders decided to ask Rev. E. H. Forster says the has been made by the Episcopal the girls to take up some regular meetings showed a genuine Mission in Changshu. Except in Christian service in a Daily Va- Christian attitude, there was very special instances, single incation Bible School. The boys m u c h earnest prayer that the dividuals are no longer baptized, were organized into a preaching truth might be known, that but it is insisted that whole band under the leadership of one officials of China and Japan families come together, or wait. of the older evangelists to make might act with justice and This is an experiment, but reshort trips into the nearby coun- righteousness, and that the sults for the past three years try towns, where they would sing hands of the League of Nations have justified the attempt. The hymns, preach and hold conver- and a 11 other organizations obvious advantage is that it sations with those interested. working for world peace might makes for stability in Christian be strengthened. belief and practice for each These eighteen students unan- person. There have been in imously agreed to take up these Moslems in China projects. The Daily Vacation Bible School enrollment mounted the past many instances of los- until 280 were registered. These The National Christian Coun- ing members of the Church beboys and girls from the neigh- cil of China has under consider- cause in a family where only borhood, most of them without ation the formation of a com- one member is a Christian,

it is most difficult for him origin, representing the Presby- pected that Buddhism will enact to refuse to take part in the terian, Lutheran, Baptist and a more vigorous propaganda in numerous heathen rites in con- other Protestant denominations. Europe. nection with the worship of There are now branches of the household gods, and ancestors. Alliance in New York, Phila- The Bible for Siberian Exiles For a son to refuse the sacrifices delphia, Pittsburgh, Toronto, due to his father or mother is Chicago, Los Angeles and San The work which the National unthinkable. A Christian son Francisco. In 1925 the Inter- Bible Society of :::lcotland is domay be able to pass this filial national Hebrew Christian Al- ing among Siberian exiles in duty on to one of his non-Chris- liance was organized with head- Manchuria has been more and tian brothers, if he has any. If quarters in London, England. more fruitful. Directors of the not, and the duty falls upon him, Now there are alliances in four- three Russian High Schools at very often his Christian con- teen countries of the world. Sir Harbin provided all the children science is stifled by the pressure Leon Levison, of Edinburgh, an with copies of the Gospels. Siof family and relatives. On the elder of St. George's Church and multaneously complete Bibles death of a Christian member of president of the board of direc- were bought by the Parents' the family its connection with tors of The Life of Faith (the Committees of these schools, and Christianity is ended. organ of the Keswick Move- distributed among the school ment) and The Christian, of children. Thus over 200 copies This method makes for London, is the president of the of the Bible, and over 2,000 Gosstronger roots and a growth that International Alliance. pels were distributed. will continue throughout succeeding generations. The Alliance has a threefold Copies of the Gospels have mission: also been circulated among refu- -Spirit of Missions. gees coming from Soviet Russia. 1. A united Hebrew Chris- Again and again, refugees ex- Stirring Times in Manchuria tian witness to' the Church that claim that the Gospels are of Israel is still beloved of God and more value than food and cloth- We are having stirring times that the Christian has a mis- ing. In spite of Bolshevik athein Manchuria. Until recently we sionary duty to the Jews of the ist assertions that the entire were entirely free from the world. younger generation is godless, troubles which were rending the evidence accumulates that the south asunder. Now it seems 2. It aims to proclaim Christ opposite is true. Both in Rusour turn to know what danger to unbelieving Jewish brethren sia and Siberia are new revivals, and distress mean. We are in and urge the acceptance of Him chiefly among young people. At the very center of the struggle as a personal Saviour. one place in Russia, the secrezone. tary of a Communist Youths' 3. To present a tangible ex- Movement was converted. He Our great concern is for our pression and testimony to the had been a leader in all commu- Christians and the evangelists unbelieving world that the Gos- nistic movements among the who have their wives and chil- pel is as strong today as ever in Youth. Other similar cases are dren and are from North China. the conversion and regeneration recorded. It is all we can do to keep some of Jews. of these quiet. Among One Million Bataks The Hebrew Christian Alli- We desire most earnestly that ance Quarterly, is published in Dr. Warneck of the Rhenish China may not be crushed, nor Chicago, and is a magazine of Mission in Sumatra states that have any of her possessions exceptional merit. Jacob Peltz the chief problem at present is taken unjustly from her, but we is managing editor. the care of the Christians and feel that the leaders of China es- further extension of the work. pecially need to be taught a les- Growth of Buddhism There are one million Bataks of son in simple justice and hon- whom one-fourth are Christians. esty. China must learn that she The International Buddhist Protestant missions have' two cannot be reckoned as on a plane Union plans to hold a Buddhist energetic opponents, Islam and with other great nations while 'world congress in December, Roman Catholicism. There is foreign life and property are un- 1932. The place of meeting is to urgent need for more European protected. China needs 0 u I' be Siam, if the king of that coun- m iss i onaries. A theological prayers now as never before. try agrees, if not, in Rangoon. school is being started in Java The vice-president of the Maha- for the training of native pas- -{Mrs. J.J Rosalind Go- bodhi Society in London, B. L. tors and workers and all mission forth. Broughton, is at present en- societies in the Dutch East In- gaged in a tour comprising Bur- dies are cooperating. Schools GENERAL ma, Siam, Cambodia, China, and are increasing, but in the land of Japan in order to inaugurate the Bataks thousands are still The Hebrew Christian Al1iance consulates of the International waiting for the Gospel. Buddhist Union. The effort is This organization of Christian being made to get all divisions Jews was founded in 1913, in of Buddhism all over the world Pittsburgh, Pa., by a group of into closer cooperation. It is ex- Christian ministers of Hebrew Our Missionary Bookshelf Recent Boo~s Reviewed for the Readers' Information A. C. Dixon, A Romance of Preach- else, A. C. Dixon was one of the Education Be L eft tot h e ing. By Helen C. Alexander Dixon. greatest preachers of his gener- State?" "The T r a i n in g of 324 pp. $5. Putnam. New York. ation, sound in the faith, and Teachers," "The Education of 1931. tireless in evangelical zeal. Women and Girls," "Missions and Governments." Few non-professional writers Mrs. Dixon has measured up undertake three extended biog- to her task. Although she her- There is no claim for originalraphies in one life time-a dis- self is a Britisher, the chapters ity in the positions taken and tinction achieved by Helen C. on American history in the time defined. The principles stated Alexander Dixon. The life of of the Civil War and reconstruc- are educationally sound. The her father, Richard Cadbury of tion period not only reveal tact chief difficulty, as the authors Birmingham, England, and the and grace but form a worthy point out, lies not in the statelife of her former husband, contribution to the bibliography ment of the principles but in the C h a r I e s M. Alexander, are of American history. She could securing of their practical appliworthy of the splendid recep- write with especial sympathy on cation. But the very exposition tions accorded them. Her third Dr. Dixon's London ministry, of, and the focusing of minds biography, the life of A. C. Dix- and in the delineation of his life upon, such principles will help on, her second husband, is, in as a great international preach- to produce in time a unified miscertain respects, her supreme ef- er she has excelled, showing sionary opinion and allegiance clear insight into the facts and and program, and the Christian fort. forces which made Dr. Dixon an movement in Africa is under ob- The art of the SCUlptor or the able servant of God. ligation to Dr. Oldham and Miss Gibson for this able and timely portrait painter is called upon to L. S. CHAFER. book. reproduce one view of a human face and figure. The biographer The Remaking of Man in Africa. By W. R. WHEELER.

undertakes the stupendous task J. H. Oldham and B. D. Gibson. of reproducing a life with all its 183 pp. 28 6d. Oxf,ord University Press. 1931. tim e periods, temperaments, Missions in the Bible. By J. B. trials and triumphs. Lawrence, D.D. 186 pp. Baptist In at least three respects the Home Mission Board. Atlanta, Georgia, 1931. biography of Dr. A. C. Dixon This is a study and exposition was no easy task. He was a of the "broad outlines of a pol- Southerner by birth and, living icy of Christian education" in Though published primarily in the time of the Civil War, was Africa. Dr. J. H. Oldham, the for the use of the churches of naturally influenced by the bit- Secretary of the International the Southern Baptist Conven- ter feeling which war invariably Missionary Council, has traveled tion, this handbook for the study engenders; yet in the greater widely through East and South of the missionary teaching of portion of his American minis- Africa, and has intimate knowl- the Scriptures will prove "a try he was a beloved pastor of edge of things African, both friend in need" to pastors, northern churches, evidencing missionary and governmental. teachers and all earnest church the fact that his passions were Miss B. D. Gibson is the Assist- workers in other communions.

heaven-born and his love of ant Secretary of the Council. It is well planned. Beginning souls was universal. Likewise The authors state their pur- with the definition of the mis- Dr. Dixon was international in pose to be "the progressive evo- sionary enterprise as "a divinely service and sympathy at a time lution of a coordinated policy of imposed task," not "an arbitra- when national interests were Christian education, thought out ry self-chosen diversion of reli- uppermost because of the World in the light of the Christian giously-minded individuals," the War. Few could have served meaning of education and the introductory chapter reviews Great Britain with more sym- missionary purpose, and closety the agencies through which the pathy and loyalty than he did as related to the living forces in work is carried forward, and pastor of the Spurgeon Taber- modern Africa." presents the Bible as the mis- nacle in London during those The chapters deal with the sionary charter and source book agonizing years of strife and subjects "Education and the of missionary instruction. Six suffering. But more than all Missionary Pur p 0 s e," "Can chapters r e cor d "Missionary [317] Teachings of the Old and New years right before us if the over- in Africa more constructive and Testaments," "The Mission and whelming challenge on both permanent by the training of Message of Christ," "The Mis- fronts is to be met." The third better helpers; and that he could sionary 1m per a t i v e of the lecture' deals with opposing get away from that somewhat Church," "The Divine Plan of forces and the other two are on patronizing attitude of white Support," and "The Work of the "The Secret of Liberating a toward black for which he sees Holy Spirit in Missions." These Greater Lay Force." no cure. R. E. HOFFMAN.

studies furnish a wealth of ma- In this, as in all of Dr. Mott's terial for sermons, addresses and class discussions. Instruc- books, the style is the man. Zealots of Zion. By Hoffman Birney. There is a great wealth of bio- 12 mo. $3.50. Penn Publishing Co. tion concerning stewardship and graphical illustration, although Philadelphia. 1931. giving is intensely practical, as developed under the following some names of leading Christian Much attention has been atcaptions: Giving; everyone laymen of our generation are tracted to the Mormons within giving; everyone giving every conspicuous by their absence. the last decade. Book after week; everyone giving at least The bibliography contains over book has appeared dealing with a tithe; everyone giving to two hundred titles and makes some phase of their remarkable every Kingdom object! The au- the work invaluable for refer- history. Mr. Birney's volume is thor trenchantly rem ark s : ence. an unusual treatment of an un- "Weekly giving will fuse the im- usual subject. He resists the pulse of stewardship and cast it S. M. Z. usual temptation to play up such into the mould of habit." The colorful personalities as Joseph dynamic of the missionary en- On the Edge of the Primeval Forest. Smith, Jr., or Brigham Young. terprise is found in Love, the By Albert Schweitzer. Translated Ignoring the greater lights, he love of Christ shed abroad in from the German by C. T. Campion. gives us an absorbing story of our hearts by the Spirit in eter- 180 pp. $2. Macmillan. New the humbler actors in the develnal, optimistic, victorious Love. York. opment of Brigham's great Mor- mon empire. These men, with The lessons of each chapter In the parable of Dives and their stark zealotry, their crude are brought into relief by ques- Lazarus, which Dr. Schweitzer theology and their blazing fations prepared by Mrs. Una applies directly to us, Caucasi- naticism, march through his Rob e r t s Lawrence, Mission ans represent Dives and Lazarus pages like the actors in a Greek Study Editor of the Home Mis- represents the colored f 0 I k drama. Probably the best part whom we could relieve. Instead of the volume is Mr. Birney's sion Board. BERTHA G. JUDD. we have brought them strong drink and certain diseases, and so are their debtors. "Hence," he treatment of a confessedly diffi- cult mat t e r, the Mountain Liberating the Lay Forces of Chris- says, "I resolved, when already Meadows Massacre. No fairer tianity: The Ayer Lectures for 1931. 30 years old, to study medicine By John R. Mott. 175 pp. $2. and put my ideas to test out there." To pay the expense he statement ever has been put in Macmillan. New York. 1932.

An excellent and timely book used his earnings from organ print and yet it is doubtful if a on a great theme. Dr. Mott concerts and from his book on severer arraignment of the Morstates his argument in the open- Bach. How this remarkable mon priesthood ever was made. ing sentence: "The most vital man, having already attained The author convinces his readand fruitful periods in the his- eminence in music and theology, ers that this slaughter of 120 tory of the Christian Church carried out this deliberate pur- men, women and children was have been those in which laymen pose, the difficulties and ro- the greatest atrocity ever comhave most vividly realized and mance of it all, are drawn in mitted in America. It still remost earnestly sought to dis- startling clearness with a rich mains a bar sinister' upon the charge their responsibility to background of life in the jungle, M 0 r m 0 n system. M 0 r m 0 n propagate the Christian faith. some of the most prevalent dis- writers have not shown re- This fact was impressively il- eases, problems of mission or- straint in presenting the i r lustrated in the days of the early ganization and the results of be- claims as to the "fruits of coming Christians in the life of Mormonism," but one wonders Christians. " whether they will not need to The first lecture is a historical the people. sketch of the contribution made Dr. Schweitzer is still the pitch their claims a little lower by laymen to the Christian master musician in this Sym- in view of such an irresistible Church in its world program phony, with its theme of a life arraignment. A. J. M.

down the centuries and in every abandoned to the relief of huland. The second lecture is a man need, in the "Fellowship of The Moral Crisis in Christianity. By strong pie a for augmenting those who bear the mark of Justin Wroe Nixon. 8 yo. $2.00. these lay forces because of pres- pain" and so can never be free Harper & Bros.. New York. 1931.

ent conditions in the church and again to forget the others who Is Christianity ethically adein the world at large. "A vast- still suffer. quate for such a time as ours? ly greater lay force must be lib- Yet one could wish that he That, Dr. Nixon holds, is the erated, mobilized and used in the were able to make this fine work crucial question for religion to-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

day, on the answer to which re- can hope to achieve a unified and acter. Khama was the last of ligion's hold on future genera- harmonious society. But this re- the great Kafir kings who were tions will chiefly depend. In the sult, Dr. Nixon contends, can be at once supreme ruler, supreme midst of acute economic distress, attained only by a profounder court j u d g e, commander-in- shifting moral standards, con- and truer view of life than the chief of the army and head of flicting social ideals and a wide- current "humanism" offers; it the treasury. He ruled with his spread secularistic temper, can requires as its basis the insight brain rather than with bat- Christianity give positive guid- into reality that is found in talions, though he was a power- ance? Dr. Nixon answers in the Jesus Christ. S. M. CAVERT. ful and skillful general.

affirmative, but in no spirit of Khama practically compelled easy complacency. He discrimi- The Rural Mission of the Church in his people to accept Christianity natingly analyzes present condi- Eastern Asia. By Kenyon L. But- and introduced a communistic tions, both in the world at large terfield, Foreword by John R. Mott. system of trading. We see him and also in organized religion, Pamphlet. International Missionary never ignoring the gravity of Council. New York. 1931. here grow from a "naked head the situation or clinging to any boy into a circumcised savage, a superficial optimism. Dr. Butterfield has rendered a skilled lion hunter, a desert valuable service to the mission- -dreamer, a baptized Christian, a This volume is the first series ary cause through his visits to rebel against his father's stern of lectures on the new Walter India and eastern Asia. His ex- Rauschenbusch Foundation at perience, good judgment, genial rule, a hater of tobacco and al- Colgate-Rochester D i v i nit y personality and spiritual aims cohol, a politician outwitting School. The lecturer is a former enabled him to look deeply into Paul Kruger and Cecil Rhodes; pupil, friend and colleague of rural problems and to suggest a top hatted diplomat winning Dr. Rauschenbusch, later be- solutions that have already born the protection of Queen Victoria came his successor in the profes- fruit. In this report Dr. Butter- and Joseph Chamberlain in the sorial chair and is now a field gives the results of his face of powerful opposition; a preacher in Rochester. We may visits to Japan, Korea, China, military conqueror of many wisely look to him for a discern- the Philippines and Siam. We ing interpretation of what has need to realize the importance of tribes, a taker of tribute in catbeen taking place in Christian the vast but neglected rural tle, slave girls and ivory; a pilthought and life during the fields. Every missionary or ad- lager of kraals; an autocrat, quarter of a century since the ministrator of mission work gentleman and philosopherappearance of Rauschenbusch's among rural populations should this strange mixture was born epochal treatise on "Christianity carefully study these findings in 1828 and died in 1923 at the and the Social Crisis." and recommendations. No pow- age of ninety-four still grasping er, other than the Spirit of God, the scepter of authority." Frankly recognizing that "so- can bring life to these neglected areas but by human instrumen- It is a remarkable historycial Christianity" is now in well worth reading and shows something like an eclipse, Dr. what strength lies in African character.

Nixon finds the major explanaJ tality this Spirit is brought into tion in two things. One is the touch with men. tendency of some to treat Chris- The Lutheran Hour. By Prof. Walter A. Maier, Ph.D. 8 vo. 324 pp.

tianity as a religion of escape Khama, King of Bamangwato. By $1.50. Concordia Pub. House. St. from the real problems of life in- Julian Mockford. Illus. 8 Vo. 322 Louis. 1931.

stead of a means for world pp. lOs. 6d. Jonathan Cape The r a d i 0 has e nab led transformation. The other is London. 1931. speakers to send messages to the tendency to reduce "social One of the most remarkable hundreds of tho usa n d s of Christianity" to a program of chiefs of South Central Africa listeners simultaneously though external reform rather than a was Khama, the friend of Liv- they are thousands of miles means of expressing a positive ingstone, who ruled his country apart. It is a near approach to philosophy of life grounded in with a strong hand, acted as ar- omnipresence. The Spirit of deep convictions. In his own bitrator in disputes, established God speaking through a human thinking, Dr. Nixon arrives at a schools, abolished witchcraft voice, heard but not seen, may synthesis of the personal and the and polygamy, and went to Lon- influence millions of lives. The social aspects of Christianity by don to plead with Queen Victoria Lutheran Layman's League has showing that the real issue is to maintain a protectorate over rendered a wide service over whether it has a redemptive his kingdom and to help him thirty-six stations in providing quality that can produce a new keep out strong drink. His the addresses by Dr. Walter A.

type of personality and through character was strong, though not Maier, Professor of Old Testa- it a new type of social life. ·If, faultless, his career was pictur:- ment in the Concordia Theo- as the author shows, the individ- esque and powerful. This story logical Seminary at St. Louis.

ual can find through Christ and of the great chief is a valuable The thirty-six half hour sermons His teachings an inner unity and history of his country and a well are clear, practical and biblical, peace in his own soul, then we balanced portrayal of his char- taking up such subjects as

MISSIONARY EDUCATION IN A LOCAL CHURCH

Blinded Morals, Truth from the Chicago Theological Semin- urrection, also, has meaning for Heaven, The Folly of Atheism, ary by the President profess to Prophecy, C rea t ion, Faith, give five pathways for the per- us only on the spiritual level. Purity, Modern Marriage, Im- plexed seeker in a Godless age mortality, Christ's Coming, The That the body of Jesus should be Use of the Sword, The New to the realization of the presence Birth and God's Solution for of God. Through nature, science, brought back from the tomb, re- Youth's Problems. These radio humanity, worship, and through sermons resulted in conversions, Jesus Christ the perplexed soul animated, and given a brief adrestorations to Christian faith, may find the way back. While renewed church memberships the book contains many excel- ditional physical existence for a and Bible study. Reports of lent thoughts the pathway to the these results have come from presence of God is entirely omit- few days among his followers, such widely scattered points as ted-namely, through the Holy Quebec and Mississippi, Cali- Word and the Holy Spirit. The helps us not at all. Indeed it fornia and Massachusetts. author frankly disavows his be- lief in the Virgin birth and the only troubles us. It raises far The Pacific. By Stanley Rogers. II: resurrection of the bod y of lustrated by the Author. 8 vo. 254 Jesus. He says: "And so the res- more questions than it satisfies. pp. $2.75. Crowell. New York. 1931. The only resurrection we are in- This volume, with drawings terested in is a continued spiritby the author, only skims the surface. It is not a narrative of ual presence-a discovery that personal conversations or experiences; it is not a study of there was something about Jesus the people or the geology, fauna and flora, for the author has that was unextinguishable." We never traversed the ocean and islands of which he writes from think that Dr. Palmer "raises a window overlooking the London River. He gives a rapid sur- more questions than he satisvey of the Pacific, its islands and discoveries; tells something of fies." S. M. Z. how the islands were formed; recounts stories of w h a I e s, Whither sharks and other fish and ex- Chinese Youth Today plains the importance of the Pacific and of the Panama Canal. Read the Graphic Story He tells some thrilling tales of shipwrecks and p ira t e s, but A YOUNG REVOLUTIONIST seems never to have heard of the adventures and achievements of BY PEARL S. BUCK the Christian missionaries. He speaks of the New Hebrides but The Author shows the Sdme knowledge of the Chinese dnd the Sdme literdry omits all mention of John G. skill displdyed in "Good Edrth." But this new narrative reveals the influence Paton; mentions Pitcairn Island of Christian Missions. She portrays the modern Chinese youth torn by strife and the crew of the "Bounty" between the old and new, aflame with patriotism, blindly devoted to ideals but does not know how the de- only half understood, groping for a religious fdith and eagerly helping to build generate mutineers were trans- a new China. formed into Bible-loving Christians; he tells of the Hawaiian DO YOU WANT TO RI:AD THIS BOOK? Islands but not of their remark- HI:RI: IS AN UNUSUAL OFFI:R-GOOD UNTIL JUNI: 1st: able regeneration. It is the same with Fij i, Caroline and Marshall A One Year's Subscription to the Review … $2.50} B h f Islands and Samoa. He scarcely A Young Revo Iutl·onl.st. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 SoAtY or $2.50 mentions Papua. It is an inter- — 1: • . .75 esting but very inc 0 m pIe t e $3.25 scrapbook on the Pacific. If You Wish the Book in Cloth Add 50 Cents Paths to the Presence of God. By Al- bert W. Palmer, D. D. 105 pp. ——–F—I–L—L_ .. -O._-U—-T—–_C._.O__ ."U.. -P-_.O_–N-_._.–B—I–:_L..O…W. __….A…N…D_-_._-R—I-:–T–U—_R._N——-A-._T- ….O…N—_C.. I: $1.00. The Pilgrim Press. Boston, Mass. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY Ddte ……….. .

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Books Obituary Notes Bishop and Mrs. Brenton T

of the Methodist Board, have returned The Advance Guard. 200 Years of The Rev. Dr. Melancthon G. G. to America. Bishop Badley expects Moravian Missions, 1732-1932. 95 Scherer, Secretary of the United Lu- to give a series of missionary ad- pp. Is. Moravian Book Room. theran Church in America, died in dresses. London. New York City on March 9th. He was born in Catawba County, North *** The Miraj Medical Mission. Sir Will- Carolina, March 16, 1861, and from iam J. Wanless. $1.50. Revell. 1914 to 1918 was president of the The Rev. John Ritchie is at work New York. United Synod of the Evangelical Lu- again in Lima, having accepted the theran Church. He was an able the- charge of the Upper Andes Agency of Do You Remember Sinclair Steven- ologian, an excellent counselor, de- the American Bible Society. Mr. son? Margaret Stevenson. Illus. voted leader, and a staunch friend. Ritchie has been spending a few weeks 257 pp. 6s. Blackwell. Oxford. in London. Miss Harriet Riddell, pioneer in Wilbur B. Stover. Pioneer Mission- work among Japanese lepers, died '* * * ary. J. E. Miller. 208 pp. Bret}1- February 3d, in her 77th year. Miss ren Pub. House. Elgin, Ill. Hiddell had completed more than 40 Mr!'1. Robert E. Speer, President of years of service in Japan and was the National Board of the Young I. Lillias Trotter. Lalla Lili, Founder twice decorated by the Japanese gov- Women's Christian Association for of the Algiers Mission Band. ernment. Last year she received a the last twelve years, has retired Blanche A. F. Pigott. Illus. 245 gift from the Empress Dowager, with from office, but will continue on the pp. Marshall, Morgan & Scott. the promise of an annual grant for board of directors. Mrs. Frederic M. London. years to follow. Paist, of Wayne, Pa., the new presi- dent, has been a member of the Na- Doctor Vanderkemp. A. D. Martin. Dr. George M. Fowles, ·from 1!113 tional Board and presiding officer of 2s 6d. 195 pp. Livingston Press, to 1924 the Treasurer of the Board five of the organization's national London. of Foreign Missions of the Methodist conventions. Mrs. Paist is the sister Episcopal Church, died of a heart at- of Dr. Ray Lyman Wilbur, Secretary Journal of Thomas Williams. Mis- tack at his home in New York City of the Interior. sionary in Fiji, 1840-185:3. 2 vols. ·on March 30th. Dr. Fowles was born Illus. 42s. 606 pp. C. C. Hender- fifty-five years ago, was a graduate *** son. Angus & Robertson. Sydney. of Boston University School of The- ology and at the time of his death Dr. W. W. Yen, Chinese Minister at Missions in the Church of the Breth. was President of the Foundation for Washington, is a member of the Prot- reno Their Development and Effect Human Welfare. estant Episcopal Church. Upon the Denomination. Elgin S. Moyer. 301 pp. $2.50. Brethren The Rev. Thomas H. Clough, for *** Pub. House. Elgin, Ill. thirty·seven years a missionary to the Seneca Indians on the Cattaraugus Mr. R. A. Adams, for 25 years sec- Japan. Some Phases of Her Problems Reseryation, Cattaraugus County, N. retary of the Bombay branch of the and Development. Inazo Nitobe. Y., died on March 2, at his home in British and Foreign Bible Society, has 398 pp. 18s. Benn. London. Buffalo. retired from that office. During his reriod of service the Bible distribution International Commission of Enquiry Mr. Clough was in charge of the ill Western India has greatly in- in Liberia. 129 pp. $1.25. League Church of the Good Shepherd and the creased. of Nations. Geneva. Church of the Redeemer on the Seneca Reservation and of St. Andrew's * * ;of! Gold Coast at a Glancl'. Cameron C. Church, Irving, New York. Alleyne. 143 pp. $1. Hunt Print- Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, Editor of ing Co. New York. He would take no remuneration for The Moslem World, sailed for Europe his services, though his resources on April 15th and expects to return Tribes of the Niger Delta. Their Re- were meager. In his later years he to America July 22nd. He is to give ligions and Customs. P. Amaury became nearly blind and nearly deaf, addresses at the May missionary Talbot. 350 pp. 18s. Sheldon but still continued to perform such meetings in London and has similar Press. London. parts of the service as he could from engagements in Liverpool, Ipswich, memory. Cambridge, York, Scotland, Ireland, Racial Segregation in South Africa. Prance and Germany. In America he An Apneal. W. Aidan Cotton. 158 *** is to address conferences at Massan- pp. 2s 6d. Sheldon Press. London. etta Springs, Grove City, and Stony Personal Items Brook.

(Continued /1'om 2d Cover) IMunshi Ganeshi Lal Brown America. The Story of aNew Prof. Erling Eidem, who has. been I ~ and Son Race. Edwin R. Embree. 311 pp. chosen to succeed the late Archbishop $2.50. Viking Press. New York.· Soderblom, was New Testament pro- I 9 Drummond Road, Agra, India fessor in the University of Lund. The Mexican Immigrant. His Life- Constitutionally, the Archbishop is i. Dealers in story. 288 pp. $5. University of also the president of the Swedish Chicago Press. Chicago. Church Mission. The new archbishop I Indian Curios, Jewelry and long ago published a series of ar- Liberalism in Mexico, 1857·1929. Wil- ticles entitled, "Biblical Missionary , Photographs frid H. Callcott. 410 pp. $5. Stan- Thoughts" in the Svenska Kyrkans ford University Press. Stanford. Missionstidning which attracted wide By Appointment to His Excellency attention. He also took a leading The Governor of United Provinces Mexico. A Study of Two Americas. part in the new translation of the Stuart Chase. 338 pp. $3. Mac- Bible into Swedish. write for prices or millan. New York. Send For Sample 100 Rupee Box *** Haiti Under American Control, 1915· of Interesting Curios 1930. Arthur C. Millspaugh. 253 Dr. J. S. Ryang, general superin-. pp. $2.50. World Peace Founda- tendent of the Korean Methodist They Make Wonderful Gifts tion. Boston. Episcopal Church, will attend Gen- eral Conference at Atlantic City in All Joods carefully Pdcked dnd Porto Rico. A Caribbean Isle. R. J. May. Dr. Ryang is a graduate of shippe prepaid. Van Deusen and E. K. Van Deusen. Vanderbilt University and Yale Di- 342 pp. $3.50. Holt. New York. vinity School. Send pdyment by Postal or Express Order

Christ Known to

The Good News of the Way, the Truth and the Life through Christ is interpreted to Moslems through the Literature published in Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Urdu, Panjabi, Chinese and other languages spoken by Moslems in all parts of the world. You can help to supply this much needed Christian literature for millions who have never heard this Good News-in Egypt Palestine Malaysia Morocco Turkey China Algiers Arabia Java Irak Sumatra Tunis Persia South Africa Syria India You may not be able to go but you can help the missionaries in these countries through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems This Society does not send missionaries but cooperates with the Nile Mission Press and Interdenominational Committees on the field.

BOARD OF MANAGERS William 1. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson, of New York, Vice-Presidents Mrs. William Bancroft Hill, Honorary Vice-President Mrs. William Borden Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Dr. James Cantine, Cor. Sec. Rev. Robert W. Searle, D.D. Rev. Thomas S. Donohugh Rev. A. C. Snead Mrs. J. M. Montgomery Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Treas. Rev. Mills J. Taylor, D.D. Dr. John H. Raven Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D.

Gifts may be sent to The Treasurer at 116 East 68th St., New York City.

Apply for information and literature to The Moslem World, 156 Fifth Ave., New York.

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1932

1932

The Church in'Life of the Nation Newton W. Rowell A Divided Church and Missions Cleland B. McAfee Open Door in Savage New Guinea R. Taeuber Self-Criticisln of Missions Today Oscar MacMillan Buck Student Evangelists in Burlna H. I. Marshall

Items Dates to

KAGAWA'S The Rev. John A. Mackay, D. D., April 29-30-Editorial Council of the formerly a missionary in South Alner- RELIGIOUS PRESS, Washington, D. C. NEW BOOK ica, has been elected a secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the May 2-General Conference of the New LiFe Through God Presbyterian Church. U. S. A. He METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, At- expects to begin his service with the lantic City, New Jersey. Toyohiko Kagawa Presbyterian Board June first, devot- ing June and July to the work of May S-U-Biennial Convention of the Translated by Elizabeth H. Kilburn. Edited, the missions in Guatemala and in YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN Assoand with an Introduction by Kenneth Saunders. The Mexico where he now resides. CIATIONS, Minneapolts, Minn. Japanese teacher and evangelisl gives us a line, peDetrative Btudy of the ali-supplying, all.embracing Btream Dr. Mackay is a native of Scotland May 15-21-CHURCH CONFERENCE OF of Bpiritual life which emanates from God ……. $1.50 and is a graduate of Aberdeen Uni- SOCIAL WORK, Philadelphia, Pa. versity and of Princeton Theological William Owen Carver, D.D. Seminary. At Aberdeen he was honor May 18-Annual Conference, METH- man in Philosophy and in 1915 won a ODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH, Colum- The Course of scholarship in Systematic Theology at bus, Ohio. Christian Missions Princeton. From the Seminary he went to Spain, perfected his knowl- !.lay lS-20-THE COMMUNITY CHURCH A succinct yet comprehensive record which traces edge of Spanish and in 1916 went as WORKERS OF U. S. A., Buffalo, N. Y. the main line of the history and developmelltof Christia. a missionary of the Free Church of MlsaioDB from their beginning to the present day .. $3.00 Scotland to Peru where he founded May 24-28-A GENERAL SYNODICAL the Anglo-Peruvian College. He is the MEETING OF THE REFORMED CHVRCH Charles Allen Clark, Ph.D. author of "The Other Spanish Christ: a Study in the Spiritual History of IN THE U. S., Cleveland, Ohio. Religions of Old Korea Spain and South America." May 26-General Assembly, PRESBY- These studios have behind them nearly thirty years *** TERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A., of painstaking rosear"h on the pari of their compiler. A noteworthy study of an Important theme……. . Rev. L. Bentley, missionary of the * . . Denver, Colo.

._…………………………..1lIuatrated, $2.50 Presbyterian Church at Hamadan, * W. Reginald Wheeler Persia, has been selected to organize A Correction. In our March issue an error was made in stating that The Words of God in an the Sunday School work of Persia. Rev. Dr. L. Myron Boozer of Iowa, AFrican Forest: … … had been elected president of the … Board of National Missions of the The Story of the West African Mlsaion Presbyterian Church and Miss Ann E. JEAN KENYON MACKENZIE Bays: "A re- Dr. Conrad Hoffmann, secretary of Taylor, vice·president. It should have the International Committee on the been stated that Dr. Boozer was counting of the deeds of Christian adventurers _ _ _ Christian Approach to the Jews, and elected chairman, and Miss Taylor heroic and illustrious, shining out in lonoly places __ Dr. J. S. Conning, chairman of its vice-chairman of the National Staff a great contribution 10 Missionary literature." …. $3.00 North American Committee, have re- which met in Columbus, Ohio, in Jan- cently made a tour in the Middle West uary. This Staff is composed of the Arthur Judson Brown, D.D. and Pacific Coast States to form per- Staff Officers of the National Board manent local committees to undertake and the Executives of Synods and The Foreign Missionary the work of the committee in its area. especially designated presbyteries. Dr. Hoffmann is spending some A new and thoroughly revised edition of a missionary months in Great Britain and then *** elassic. Dr. Brown has brought his line study right goes to the Continent and to the Near up to date, and (if that were possible) lacreased ils A Correction-Dr. Judd's Address. value and significance………………….. Net $2.00 East. It should have been stated in con- nection with the reIJQrt of the address J. C. Winslow and Verrier Elwin *** of Dr. Walter H. Judd of China, be- fore the Student Volunteer Conven- Gandhi•' TInhdei.anDawFrneeodfom A. Victor Murray, of England, has tion in Buffalo, that the article as recently gone to Nigeria, at the invi- printed in the Review was made up of KIRBY PAGE says: "Few Britishers are SO well tation of the missionary societies in portions of the stenotype report which qualified to interpret the sigailicance of Mahatma Gandhi Southern Nigeria, to consult with the Dr. Judd had not had an opportunity to correct. This address, as corrected as are the authors of this volumea Here is an iB- (Continued on 3rd Cover) by him, is being published in the re- port of the Convention, and in a spevlgorating volume for all persons who are concerned cial leaflet put out by the Student about the future of Christianity in the Orient." …$1.50 Volunteer Movement.

Charles Ernest Scott, D.D.

*Chinese Twice-Born A group of authentic, Individual records, each and aU oC which discover the Gospel of salvation, operative In the life of a Chinese ChristilUl …………….$1.50 Indian Work .~ .JL. ~- TH-E-B- OA-R- D -O- F ~ FO~R~ EI~ GN~~ M~ IS~ SIO~N~ S .~ ..sz.., Lereine Ballantyne DEPARTMENT OF ANNUITIES Spirit Fire YOUR GIFT NOW A Story of the Petum Indians A graphic, absorbing pleinre is rendered of Indian liCe in a day when dreams were reg.rd.d~as being 'aU-important and a vigilant search maintained for the Tree oC Life ………………………………$1.50 Warren Eugene Crane WILL BRING TO YOU THE BLESSING OF GIVING WHILE LIVING AND THE Totem Tales: GUARANTEE OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS THAT YOU WILL HAVE AN Indian Legends Prepared for Childroll Mr. Crane has devoted more than sixteen years to a INCOME FOR LIFE careful study of Indian lore, and knows his 8ubject ERNEST F. HALL, Secretary 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK thoroughly……….. , ., ……………………$1.00 Fleming H. Revell Company New York – 158 Fifth Avenue PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A.

Chat THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

It' is cheering to hear words DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor of appreciation of the REVIEW in its new form-such as the fol- Vol. LV Ap,ril, 1932 No.4 lowing: Page We are more and more con- FRONTISPIECE-The Hon. Newton W. Rowell, K. C., LL. D…… . vinced of the usefulness of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE TOPICS OF THE TIMES ………………………………… 195 WORLD and we urge its reading India in the Balance Efforts for Peace in the Far East everywhere possible. Threatened Danger in Asia Missions and "War" in China AMELIA D. KEMP, Fifty-four Years Young Executive Secretary of the Women's Missionary Society THE CHURCH IN THE LIFE OF THE NATION., …….•…….. 199 of the United Lutheran Church. By the Hon. Newton W. Rowell. K.C .• LL.D.• leader in the Liberal Party I bought *a co*py*of THE RE- in Ontario; member of the International Missionary Council VIEW at the Florida Chain of A DIVIDED CHURCH AND MISSIONARY EFFORT …………. 202 Assemblies in January. It ap- By the Rev. Cleland B. McAfee. D.D.• LL.D.• author of "Changing Forpeals to me as the best maga- eign Missions"; Secretary of the Board of Foreign MissionSi :Presby- terian Church. U. S. A. zine' of the kind I have ever read. It inspires me and gives AN OPEN DOOR IN SAVAGE NEW GUINEA ………………. 205 me hope to continue with church By the Rev. R. Taeuber. Executive Secretary of the American Lutheran work. Mission in New Guinea MRS. CHARLES M. FISHER, SELF-CRITICISM OF MISSIONS TODAY ……….. ~" . . . . . . . . .. 209 Miami, Florida. By the Rev. Oscar MacMHlan Buck. D.D., author of "India Looks' to *** to , ',Her Future"; Professor of Missions and Comparative Religion at be allowed Drew University Might I say how STUDENT EVANGELISTS IN BURMA …………………….. 213 captivated I am with the new By the Rev. H. I. Marshall. Missionary of the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society at Il)selri. Burma fDrm and dress of THE MISSION- ARY REVIEW. The March num- DO OUR MISSIONARY HYMNS NEED REVISION? ………… 216 ber has just been placed on my By the Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer. D.D.. Editor of The Moslem World; Professor of Missions and Comparative Religion. Princeton Theodesk and it is most attractive, logical Seminary and I, with its many subscribers, hope that it will continue to serve an ever widening circle of THE UNTOUCHABLES BY WHOM WE TOUCH INDIA ………. 219 interested readers. By the Rev. Warren H. Wilson. D.D.. Secretary of the International Association of Agricultural Missions; Town and Country Work. MAMIE C. G. FRASER, Presbyterian Board of National Missions Secretary of the Women's Missionary Society, HINDUISM VB. CHRISTIANITy………………………….. 226 United Church of Canada. By the Rev. J. Harry Cotton. D.D.. Pastor of the Broad Street Presby- terian Church. Columbus, Ohio, and Joseph Oook Lecturer to India, *** 1931-32 Look for These CHRIST'S METHOD OF EVANGELISM ………………….. " 227 "The Mother of a Thousand Chi- nese Girls" By Dr. Sam Higginbottom. Principal of the Allahabad Agricultural In- stitute; author of "The Gospel and the Plow in India" The story of Donaldina Cameron and her heroic work for A CHRISTIAN MISSIONARY TO MORMONS-William Mitchell Paden …………………………………………….. 229 Chinese girls in San Francisco by Dr. Arthur J. Brown. By the Rev. A. J. Montgomery. D.D., Department of Alaska. Indians and Mormons. ,Board of National Missions. Presbyterian Church. "On the Edge of the Great U. S. A. ,I" Closed Land" The story of Moravian work THE POWER OF INl)lA'S WOMEN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 230 in the mountains of Lesser Tibet by Bishop Arthur Ward. By E. Marie Holmes. Principal of the Girls' Boarding School of the American Baptist Mission at Ganhati, Assam "A Missionary's Critics" EFFECTIVE WAYS O-F WORKING ……………………….. 233 Some interesting observations Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison by Dr. Paul W. Harrison of Arabia. WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN… . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 237 Edited by Anne Seesholtz and Florence G. Tyler "How Can Christians Win the OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK …………………………… 241 Jews?" A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events An address by Dr. John S. OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF………………………… 253 Conning, the national leader in wDrk for Hebrews in America. Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information "Are Missions Too Expensive?" Publicatio)l Office 40 S. Meridian St.• Indianapolis, Indiana A study by Dr. Cleland B. Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue. New York City McAfee who knows the cost and Entered as second-class matter at Post-Office, Indianapolis. Ind., under Act of the results from many angles. March 3, 1879.

"Can Mr. Gandhi Save India?" 25 cents a c':'py-$2.50 a year Foreign Postage 50 cents a year By an Indian Christian who Published monthly-All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1932 by the sees more than one side of the MISSIONARY REVIEW: PUBLISHING CO., INC. question. Board of Directors WHAT SUBJECT WOULD ROBERT E. SPEER. President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MILTON J. STAUFFER YOU LIKE TO HAVE WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD A. L., WARNSHUIS PRESENTED? WALTER MCDOUGALL. Treasurer SAMUEL M. ZWEMER WM. B.' LIPPHARD DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary ERIC M. NORTH

HONORABLE NEWTON W. ROWELL, K.C., LL.D., OF

President of the Toronto General Trnsts Corporation: Liberal Leader in Ontario's Legislature, Delegate to First Assembly of League of Nations, Member of the International Missionary Council. (See article page 199.)

NARY

RJ3VIB ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER FouR APRIL, 1932 Topics of the Times INDIA IN THE BALANCE of the All-India Nationalist Congress to speak for India has been denied and strict police and mili- Keen disappointment was felt in all circles be- tary measures have been adopted to maintain law cause of the failure of the second Round Table and order. Conference in London to bring peace in India. It was hoped that the presence of Mr. Gandhi and Great Britain has clearly asserted her willingthe friendly attitude of Lord Irwin and Premier ness to grant India dominion status and to turn MacDonald might help to solve the difficult prob- over control of various departments as soon as lem of India's future government and her rela- practicable. Committees are already working tion to the British Empire. Mr. Gandhi went out various problems with the help of cooperathome disappointed and found India seething with ing Indians and the Viceroy has summoned modunrest and lawlessness in Bengal and the North- erate leaders who were prepared to confer on fuwest Provinces. ture plans. Many Moslems and other Indians are supporting the government in their efforts to The great obstacle to immediate self-govern- maintain peace and are ready patiently to work ment or full dominion status as a part of the Bri- out a satisfactory plan of cooperation. A sign of tish Empire seems to be the inability of Indian the times is evident in the appointment of women Hindus, Moslems, "untouchables" and various mi- to take the place of Nationalist Congress leaders nority groups to agree on representation and gov- who have been arrested. An eighteen-year-old ernmental control. The leaders of all classes in Brahmin woman has been appointed dictator of India agree in seeking self-government, but the the Poona Youth League and another Brahmin Moslems fear the overwhelming plurality of 238,- woman is dictator of the Maharashta Congress. 000,000 Hindus; the Hindus fear the warlike Women are also taking part in the violent revoluspirit of 77,000,000 Moslems, and the 50,000,000 tionary activities in Bengal. "untouchables" and other minorities are not willing to trust their fate to either great party; con- Mr. Gandhi stands for many commendable sequently they have been unable to agree on any ideals-including the abolition of child marriage, plan of representation and control. Moslems and of "untouchability," of the drink and drug traffic Hindus seem ready to attempt self-government, and of violence-but he is antagonistic to the only hoping to work out their problems without Bri- existing political government at present capable tish help. Great Britain, however, feels a re- of maintaining peace in India, and is opposed to sponsibility for the peace of India and is not ready the only spiritual power that can bring life and to risk the destruction of the peace, prosperity, satisfaction to his fellow countrymen, through civilization, and institutions she has built up Jesus Christ as divine Lord and Saviour. through a century and a half of effort. THREATENED DANGER IN ASIA Mr. Gandhi returned to India and urged wide civil disobedience, boycott and non-cooperation China's great affliction and Europe's preoccuwith the Indian Government. This program can- pation have offered the dominant military party not be carried out with non-violence and already in Japan an opportunity to strike a blow at China. several serious disturbances have occurred. At This is in spite of strong opposition within Japan Bombay the "depressed classes" made demonstra- itself. While there may have been provocation in tions against Mr. Gandhi, who claims to be their the disturbances in Manchuria and in the insecurchampion. As one inevitable result of the rejec- ity of Japanese life and property in China, nevertion of British proposals and the campaign of civil theless the Japanese are not justified in ignoring disobedience Mr. Gandhi and other nationalist treaty obligations or in allowing the militarists leaders have again been imprisoned. The right to invade the territory of their neighbor, regard- [195]

less of the consensus of world opinion as repre- cil asked Christian bodies in every country "to sented in the League of Nations. Intelligent Chi- implore the governments concerned to use for- nese and other clear-visioned observers on the field bearance and to settle disputes by peaceful means, acknowledge ignorance, rashness, selfishness and renouncing the use of force." This message was foolishness of many Chinese leaders which are transmitted to the representative Christian bodies largely responsible for political and economic dis- in Europe.

orders. These hinder the efforts to establish a It is reported from Japan that last October the stable government, but Japan's economic and na- Japanese police suppressed an entire edition of a tional interests could have been maintained by more peaceful means and by the promotion of magazine in which Dr. Kagawa appealed to a betfriendly cooperation. ter method than war for the solution of Man- churian problems. The government endeavored China, with over 400,000,000 people, offers a to protect Dr. Kagawa's life from assaults which wonderful market and a valuable friend for a might have resulted from his efforts to stem the friendly neighbor. China may be divided but will tide of the war sentiment. All who know him not be easily conquered, though she may suffer realize that he is not afraid of death, but that he greatly. If the League of Nations and America is wise and patriotic and self-restrained. A bold fail to effect her rescue at this crisis, her people anti-militaristic stand by any Christian individwill not only feel bitterly toward the enemy who ual or group would merely feed the fires of milihas attacked her, and toward those who stand idly tant patriotism ablaze in Japan. Dr. Kagawa by and see her despoiled, but China may turn has engaged the services of a full-time peace again to Communistic Russia and accept her god- worker, and has announced world peace as less program or she may naturally conclude that another of the definite goals of his "Friends of strong armaments and a militaristic policy are Jesus" and the Kingdom of God Movement. her only safeguard. If the Chinese people, com- Motoichiro Takahashi, an ardent peace advocate, prising nearly one-fourth the human race, be- is undertaking to promote a program for changcome fully militarized and seek revenge by force ing the attitudes of the coming generations in of arms they will menace the earth. In the mean- world relations even if the present war temper time outward attacks are healing many internal of the Japanese is beyond his influence. disorders and in this respect may prove a blessing in disguise. The patriotic fervor exhibited by If the settlement of international disputes were all classes, especially by students, has reached a left to Christians, there would be no wars, but it boiling point. If Christian institutions in China is difficult for Christians to exert sufficient direct and the Christian missionary forces can succeed influence to change the course of their governin teaching the Chinese wisdom and self-control; ments. Their responsibility is to educate and if they can promote the Christian spirit, while at agitate for international goodwill, for the extreme the same time they develop loyalty to country and limitation of armaments, for discarding aggresto treaty obligations; if America and Europe will sive policies and for peaceful methods of settling stand for justice and honor and will adequately controversies. The value of treaties, of league befriend afflicted China at this time, the effect will covenants and of world courts is now being tested. change the course of history-not only for China Will these agreements that have been entered into but for Asia and for the world. Evidently the by government representatives influence future Christian task in Asia is not yet completed. national action, when such a course seems to be against a nation's material interests? Is such a EFFORTS FOR PEACE IN THE FAR EAST provision as was adopted in Article XVI of the League of Nations Covenant to be disregarded Times of conflict and difficulty are opportuni- because it may injure trade or involve economic ties for Christians to show the Spirit of their loss? Great progress has been made in the past Master. When the Chinese crisis was at its be- half century in the settlement of racial, economic, ginning, President Chiang Kai Shek called a national and international disputes, for certain group of Christians to meet for prayer in Nan- moral rights and ethical prinCiples are acknowl- king, and his wife held daily prayer meetings with edged today, which were formerly ignored in a group of Christian women. The National dealing with weaker nations or groups, and the Christian Councils of China and Japan ex- machinery has at least been set up to deal with changed friendly messages advocating patience these questions. But selfish human nature has and asking for fellowship in prayer. Christians not radically changed and the only hope for the in America and England have joined in this establishment of God's Kingdom among men is world-wide fellowship of prayer. A cablegram through the new life and power that comes sent in February by the National Christian Coun- through the living Christ, taking possession of the cil of Japan to the International Missionary Coun- individual.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

MISSIONS AND "WAR" IN CHINA in Hongkew where St. Luke's Hospital is also lo- The sympathy of the civilized world is largely cated. A shell burst on the grounds of the Shangwith China in the present struggle against the Japanese invasion. This is in spite of past and hai University (Baptist) on WInhlaanngdpMooisRsiiovner~obmu­t present disturbances in China that have involved did no damage. The China widespread destruction of foreign property and have often included the abuse and death of for- pound in Hongkew was recently sold and the headeigners and of Chinese Christians. Foreign aggression, misunderstandings and false ideas have quarters moved to the International Settlement. caused much suffering, but strong nations must deal patiently with one that is weak or in a state The Bible societies lost valuable plates and books of transition. Like Russia, China is today trying a great experiment in reconstruction but un- in the destruction of the Commercial Press in Chapei. The Presbyterian Mission Press, which was also damaged, had recently oeen sold. The Southern Methodists have valuable property in Hongkew but no serious damage has been re- ported.

like Russia, the leaders of China have not adopted 2. American missionaries thus far have not rea godless philosophy and are not endeavoring to ported personal losses. Many of them have been disturb the social and economic status of other busily engaged in relief and rescue work, and a countries. If bandits, disorganized groups of sol- Southern Baptist missionary, Miss Rose Marlowe, diers and other lawless elements have caused was roughly handled by Japanese irregulars when damage to Japanese life and property, this is due she was visiting mission property. Many missionto unsettled conditions and is not chargeable to ary women and children, under advice of the ~AumseirhicaanndconZsaunlz, ohkav(estaletifotnsNaonnkinthge SYoaoncghtosw~ the Chinese people as a whole or to the government. RIver) and have temporarily taken threefiurO~"oestsin. Shanghai. The men have remained at The Japanese armed invasion of Manchuria has resulted in the establishment of an autonomous Chinese government under the former "Boy Em- The Bible Training School for Women, conducted peror," Henry Pu-yi, under Japanese protection, by Miss Parmenter (formerly of Nanking), is in and separated from the national government the Kiangwan section, which was occupied by the Japanese, so that the pupils and teachers were (Kuomintang) and without reference to the will moved to the China Inland Mission headquarters of the residents of Manchuria. The Japanese invasion of Shanghai has been carried forward in the International Settlement. Women and children have also moved from Shanghai Univerin spite of the protests of American and Euro- sity, on the Whangpoo River about four miles pean governments and has brought death to thousands of Chinese and destruction to millions of east from Shanghai center, and the nurses of st. dollars worth of property. It has also endan- ?"ered the lives and property of many foreigners Luke's Hospital, conducted by the Protestant III an~ out of the Foreign Settlement, one part Episcopal Church in Hongkew, were obliged to of WhICh (Hongkew) was made a base for Jap- move the patients to St. John's University in Jessanese military operations. field (west of Shanghai). Apparently st. John's was not opened after the Chinese New Year holi- A letter from the REVIEW to American mission days. Missionaries have also been obliged to boards having work in the Shanghai area and in leave their apartments in Young Allen Court, Manchuria asked the following questions: Hongkew.

. 1. Has any of your mission property been damaged 3. Many Chinese Christians in Shanghai have III the recent Japanese-Chinese conflict or your work inter- suffered the loss of their homes, their business, rupted? their personal property and their churches in 2. Have any of your missionaries left their stations on Hongkew, Chapei and Kiangwan. Many refugees account of the present disturbance? have not been heard from and other Christians have doubtless been members of the Chinese 3. Have any Chinese Christians in your mission suf- army. Chinese members of the Young Men's and fered because of the Japanese military activity?

4. ~as. the present conflict and the outlook changed your mlsslOnary program in China? Young Women's Christian Association staffs have Answers received to date from twelve boards suffered; both the foreign and Chinese members give the following information: are busily engaged in relief work for refugees, thousands of whom are in the International settle- 1. Practically the only mission properties re- ment and in the French Concession. ported damaged in Shanghai are Chinese churches in Chapei and Hongkew districts. Some of these 4. The mission boards look upon the present are connected with the Christian and Missionary disturbance as temporary and plan no change fn Alliance (whose headquarters were in Chapei); their policy in China. The unrest has caused de- others belong to the Protestant Episcopal mission lay in building the new St. Luke's Hospital and

other forward movements have been hindered; the the Nominating Committee, the following Difinancial losses of Chinese Christians may mean rectors were elected to serve for the ensuing year: curtailment in expenses, but the present crisis clearly shows the need for more earnest spiritual Dr. Robert E. Speer, President-Executive Secretary of work in China and in Japan; the China Inland the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, U. S. A. Mission and others report increased evangelistic opportunity around Shanghai. Dr. Wm. 1. Chamberlain, Vice-President-Secretary, Board of Foreign Missions, Reformed Church in America. The only American societies having work in Manchuria are the Presbyterians, the Methodists, Walter McDougall, T1'easurer-Manufactul'er, New the United Church of Canada and the Y. M. C. A. York. and Y. W. C. A. The Methodist and Presbyterian work is among Koreans near the eastern Man- Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary and Editor. churian border and in Harbin. Y. M. and Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, President of the Council of Women Y. W. C. A. work has been somewhat interfered for Home Missions. with by the Japanese demand that activities close Dr. Samuel McCrea Cavert, General Secretary, Federal before dark. The work among Koreans has also Council of Churches of Christ in America. been more difficult. The foreign workers have re- Rev. Wm. B. Lipphard, Secretary, American Baptist mained at their posts to encourage and strengthen Foreign Mission Society. their people in danger and distress. Dr. Eric M. North, Secretary, American Bible Society. Dr. Milton T. Stauffer, Pastor, Reformed Church, New The situation in eastern Asia, in India and Brunswick, N. J. throughout the world is convincing evidence of Dr. A. L. Warnshuis, American Secretary, International the supreme need for extending the sway of Missionary Council. Christ over the hearts and lives of men of every Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, Editor of THE MOSLEM race and nation. Christians in Japan and China, WORLD and Professor of Missions at Princeton Theoin America and England are earnestly praying logical Seminary. and working for peace, not only through disarmament and treaties but through united prayer and During the past year one of the original memeducation, and by the manifestation of the Spirit bers of the Board, Mr. Fleming H. Revell, entered of Jesus Christ whose realm knows no national into Rest and left a vacancy difficult to fill. Two or racial boundaries. stockholders, Mrs. Margaret B. Fowler and Mrs. Wm. Reed Thompson, and a valued friend and FIFTY-FOUR YEARS YOUNG member of the Editorial Council, Dr. Fennell P. Turner, also have rested from their labors. For over half a century THE REVIEW has served the missionary cause as an independent and evan- The main features of the Annual Meeting were gelical magazine with a world-wide outlook. No three addresses-by the President of THE REone can tell the number of volunteers who have VIEW, by the Rev. Jay S. Stowell, Publicity Secrebeen led, through reading THE REVIEW, to de- tary of the Board of Home Missions and Church vote their lives to missionary service; or the num- Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and ber of pastors and other Christians stimulated to by the Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D. D., of Princetake a deeper interest in the work of the King- ton. Dr. Speer spoke of "Some Current Missiondom; or how much prayer and giving has been ary Problems and their Solution." Mr. Stowell promoted by reading one or more of the 5,000 reviewed the present conditions in the United articles printed. That such results have followed States as created or indicated by poverty, neglect the publication is abundantly shown by personal and irreligion. He pointed out the tremendous testimonies and by correspondence. Wide influ- importance of the Home Mission enterprise and ence has also been exerted through the many quo- the need for regenerating many neglected areas tations and translations printed in magazines in in American life. Dr. Zwemer's stimulating admany lands. dress on "Missions in the Mohammedan World" was illustrated with stereopticon views. For the past sixteen years and a half THE RE- VIEW has been controlled by an interdenomina- In the present crisis in Christian life and work tional Board of Directors, whose chairman from at home and abroad it is especially important that the first has been Dr. Robert E. 'Speer and the faith in the Word of God and in the Son of God; Treasurer, Mr. Walter McDougall. At the recent emphasis on the spiritual resources and prayer; Annual Meeting, held on the afternoon of Febru- setting forth the need for united action among ary 11th, a large number of stockholders and other Christians of every name, under the guidance of friends gathered at 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. the 'Spirit; advocacy of sacrificial service and a After reports by the Secretary, the Treasurer, and forward movement policy-for all of which THE REVIEW stands and has stood for over half a cen- tury-that these should be continually held up be- fore the Church and should be the guiding prin- ciples of the coming generation. There is need for such an evangelical, interdenominational, inde- pendent magazine.

Church In the Life of the Nation*

By the HON. NEWTON W. ROWELL, K. C. I Toronto, Canada I~"

~========~==~==~~~==~============~ W E are living in one of the m.ost interesting measureable degree in improving the condition of periods of human history. The marvel- the masses of the Russian people, the results will ous discoveries of science are giving us not be confined to Russia, but its repercussions an ever-expanding universe, but an ever-contract- will be felt throughout the world. It is a great ing world. We have been thinking in the past in constructive, as well as destructive, experiment, the terms of countries, or continents or :nationali- and if it must be tried out, one is glad that it is ties. Now, we must think in being tried out elsewhere than world terms, for we are living History affords no parallel to on this continent. in a world era. The last war the present world situation- In China, where dwells onewas truly a world war-and especially in the reconstructhe first world war-for all the tion going on in Russia and in fourth of the human race with great nations were involved in China. We must 'have a world no common language which all it, and it affected every human outlook or we will be left be- can understand, with no modbeing on this planet. Now we hind. The Christian Church ern systems of transportation have a world court to settle dis- has a responsibility in nation- to connect the widely sepaputes between nations; we al and international affairs. rated parts of their country, have a world bank at Basle to Shall militarism or national- unaccustomed to self-governdeal with problems of world ism or atheism or Christian ment, we are witnessing the finance; and we have a world principles prevail? The for- spectacle of a great people endisarmament conference. We mer president of the Council deavoring to change fundamust have a world outlook. of the Government of Canada, mentally their political, eco- Transportation and communi- a leader in national and inter- nomic, educational and social cation are making of the na- national statesmanship, and a institutions in the short space tions one great community. member of the International of a few years. History af- Missionary Council effectively fords no parallel. It is a task While we are pas sin g shows the importance of the for supermen and if the results through an acute depression in Christian Church in national are disappointing to them and the business cycle, we are, at to us, we need not be surthe same time, witnessing life. prised. We must, however, fundamental changes in the po- recognize the great signifi- litical and economic structure cance of the Chinese revolution of society. One might illustrate these changes on the rest of humanity. Notwithstanding the by reference to Russia, China, India, and, to some civil wars and banditry, the Chinese are essen- extent, Germany. I shall content myself with tially a peaceable people, and if they find they referring to Russia and ChiI).a. cannot defend their frontiers or secure redress Russia is trying out one of the greatest politi- of their grievances, save by force, they have the cal and economic experiments in history. While courage, the energy and persistence to arm them- we do not accept either the political or economic selves and endeavor to secure by force what they theories of the Soviets and are fundamentally op- cannot secure by right. The situation in China posed to their attitude toward religion, we must, is one of the world's great problems today.

nevertheless, recognize that the success or fail- In the midst of these great movements and ure of the Russian experiment will have a pro- others, one might mention there is developing an found effect upon the course of human history. extreme form' of political and economic national- If the Russian experiment should succeed to a ism which is tending to separate the peoples of • An address g;ven at the annual meeting of Home Missions Council. the world into competing and hostile groups. Toronto. January 5. 1932. This extreme, political nationalism is expressing (199]

itself in increasing armaments, and extreme eco- Second: To Christianize our ecclesiastical renomic nationalism, in mounting tariffs that are no lations. The Church, divided as it is today, is longer merely for protection but are primarily wholly unequal to the task of grappling with and for the exclusion of the products of other nations. overcoming the forces arrayed against her. In Whole nations appear to be under the delusion view of the magnitude of the problems which the that they can continue to export without import- Church is facing, how is it possible to justify the ing. They appear to be losing sight of the funda- expenditure of time, energy and money by differmental fact that trade is essentially barter-na- ent denominations in the same community comtions cannot, in the long run, sell, unless they are peting with each other, when the time and energy of one would serve the community better and reprepared to buy. lease the remaining resources of men and money for other and more important tasks. How can One of the disastrous results of the last great the Church speak with the voice of authority to war, and of the growing political and economic a disturbed and distracted world so long as the nationalism of the past ten years, is seen in the several branches of the Church continue to spend present world-wide depression, in which millions their energies in competing with one another, have food to sell and cannot find buyers, and mil- rather than in facing together the common task? lions in need of food have not the money with Never was the need greater than at the present hour that the whole Church should pray the which to purchase it. From these results we can- prayer of Our Lord "That they all may be one . . . that the world may believe that thou has not escape until we remove some of the contrib- sent me." uting causes. Third: To Christianize our social and eco- When the last war was fought it was said to nomic relations. What is the Christian attitude be a "war to end war," and men who gave up toward business? Surely the great objective their lives fondly believed their sacrifice would should not be what it is-simply to make money not be in vain, and yet all the great powers are regardless of the methods by which it is made! spending substantially more on armaments today The Church must proclaim that in business as in than they did in 1913. These increased arma- morals there is a fundamental right and wrongments not only add to the burden of taxation, man should practice the right and ~,' ld the which is weighing down upon the peoples of most wrong. lands, but they increase suspicion and distrust among nations. Everywhere there is fear, in- What is the Christian attitude toward the restead of faith, distrust instead of confidence, and lations of labor and capital? Surely it cannot be the very foundations of our political, economic, that of class war! It must be that of cooperation social and religious institutions are being chal- between the two, recognizing the fundamental lenged as never before. rights and privileges of every human being.

In the midst of the confusion, one hears on Fourth: To Christianize our racial relations. every hand the increasing proclamation of a Millions of people repeat daily Our Lord's Prayer, purely materialistic interpretation of life. and how frequently those who pray fail to appre- ciate the significance of the petition "Our Father" What Shall the Church Do? and of the truth of the declaration of St. Paul, "That God has made of one blood all nations of Under these conditions, w/w,t is the place and men for to dwell on all the face of the earth." function of the Church in the life of the nation? The Church should set its face steadfastly against all racial prejudices, and seek to remove these First: So to present the life and teachings of prejudices by the proclamation of the Gospel of Christ that men may choose that Way of Life. It human brotherhood. is revolutionary teaching-it was revolutionary in the first century. It was said of the first Chris- Fifth: To Christianize our international relatian leaders that they were "turning the world tions. No emotions are more easily stirred than upside-down." It would be .revolutionary in the those of national animosity, and no emotions are present century, and if put into practice the less Christ-like. The Church must set its face charge against its leaders would be the same as against the unreasoning nationalism which would nineteen centuries ago. cultivate ill-will towards other people, and pro- claim the Gospel of Goodwill. The world is so The world is cursed with selfishness, individual shrunken in size that our humanity is now one and national. We expect it and suspect it every- great community and the nation state is no longer where. It lies at the very root of our troubles. an adequate organization to meet the needs of hu- One of our greatest needs is a new birth of unselfishness, where the joy of life will be found in service, not in self-gratification. "For whosoever will save his life shall lose it, but whosoever will lose his life for my sake the same shall save it."

THE CHURCH IN THE LIFE OF THE NATION

man society. It is essential that there shQuld be of Canada herself and of all other creditor CQunsome system of organized cQoperation among the tries if inter-governmental war debts and repara- nations for the preservation of peace. It is fQr tions were entirely cancelled. I believe it would this purpQse that the League of Nations and World give the world new hope and new courage, and Court have been established, and they have al- start the wheels of industry moving again. The ready made a great contribution to international creditor nations would, in the end, gain vastly cooperation and to world peace. I am not here tQ- more by the improvement in their own industrial night to appeal particularly fQr the League of Na- and economic condition as part of the general tions or the World Court, but I submit the reSPQn- world recovery, than they could possibly lose by sibility rests .on those who are not prepared to the cancellation of these debts. accept these organizations as instruments for international cooperatiQn and the preservation .of Existing military armaments are inconsistent peace to devise some other and better methQd with the Christian conception and ideal of interwhich all can accept. Organized international co- national relations. It would appear tQ be essenoperation is essential, if our civilization is to sur- tial that these armaments should be reduced if vive. Our experience and belief in Oanada is that humanity's fears are to be allayed and its burdens in the League of Nations and in the Permanent lightened and peace made possible. Court of International Justice we have suitable organizations fQr internatiQnal cQQperation,' which, Under existing conditions tariffs, formerly prothe more fully they are availed by the nations, tective, are, as I have already said, becoming exthe more adequately they will meet the world's clusive. They are driving nations apart in need. thought, sentiment and feeling, and are tending to make some nations bankrupt. The tariff ques- The United States has been represented .on the tian is ceasing to be purely an economic question; Permanent Court by one of its most distinguished it is becoming a moral one, affecting the welfare jurists ever since the Court was organized. The of humanity. There must be substantial reduc- President has nQW signed the Protocol for adher- tion in tariffs if international trade is to be reence of the United States to the Court, and it is vived. before the Senate for ratification. May one express the earnest hope that the United States, The task of the Church was never greater, which led the way in the movement for the cre- never more urgent, never more inspiring. I know ation of the Permanent Court, may soon become of no agency which can make so large or so valua member of that Court, and thus add greatly able a contribution to the permanent solution of tQ its prestige and strength. these grave and menacing problems as the Church. While these problems in many of their The Burden .of War aspects are political and economic, they are funda- mentally moral and religious-not that the Church As a result of the last great war the world is should attempt, in its corporate capacity, to solve struggling under a burden of inter-governmental these problems, but it clearly is the mission of the war debts and of reparation obligations which Church to create that atmosphere of brotherhood the debtor nations are incapable of discharging. and of goodwill among all peoples, which would Canada is one of the creditor nations in respect of not only make the solution of these problems posreparations, and she is not a debtor nation in re- sible, but would insist that the problems should spect of inter-governmental war debts. She in- be solved in the spirit and atmQsphere of .goodwill curred enormous obligations during the great war, and of brQtherhQQd. I can imagine no finer or but, like the United States, she owes these obliga- greater opportunity for service tQ the nation and tions to her own people. I have no hesitation in to the world than that enjoyed by the Christian saying that I believe it would be in the interests minister of today, for in his message lies human- ity's greatest hQpe for the future.

"0 tender Shepherd, climbing rugged mountains, And wading waters deep, How long wouldst thou be willing to go homeless To find the straying sheep?

"'I count no time,' the Shepherd gently answered, As thou dost count and bind .

The days in weeks, the weeks in months and years; I seek until I find, "'And that will be the limit of my journey.

I cross the waters deep, And climb the hillsides with unfailing patience Until I find my sheep.'''

A Divided Church and

Effort By the REV. CLELAND B. McAFEE, D. D., LL. D., ..:{ New York ):..

Author of" Changing Foreign Missions"

W ITH all zeal for a closer fellowship among rates brother from brother. Nobody wants the churches it must be admitted that the this kind of division and those who still best modern missionary work has been believe in the existence of denominations mean done by a divided Church. Where the Roman that the spiritual unity of Christian broth- Catholic Church has had undisputed sway in ill- erhood shall be maintained. If this can be troducing Christianity the 're- done, the rest will take care of suIts do not make one wish for itself.

such possibilities too widely. Is denominationalism the Moreover, the mission field On the whole, a healthier and "scandal of Christendom" at is the scene of many helpful more vigorous religious life home or abroad or are the di- movements toward union and results in lands where the visions a necessary expres- of a vast amount of coopera- Protestant forces are at work, sion of individuality? Does tive work, both among mis- and these are divided forces. It the mUltiplication of sects in sionaries representing Western would be poor argument to the Protestant Church in- Churches, and among the na- suggest that it is their division crease friction and administra- tional Christian groups formed that gives them power. All tion expense and decrease effi- from their work. These coop- that is now argued is that their ciency or does it increase in- erative enterprises cover a divisions have not hindered a terest and giving and decrease wide range-education, medi- certain degree of success in the danger of politics and cen- cine, translation, Christian lit- commending the religion of tralized power in the Church? era t u r e, training Christian Christ to those in mission Dr. McAfee ,has had wide ex- workers, establishing churches, lands. perience as a college and sem- and much more. There are We cannot argue that if only inary professor, a pastor, p a i n f u I exceptions-a few all the churches would unite in moderator of the General As- among the definitely organized one church we should then be sembly, world traveler, stu- churches, and rather more able to "win the world" speed- dent and missionary execu- among groups following par- iIy. Indeed, one of the baffling tive. His view of the situa- ticular lines and declining to facts of American life is that tion is worth pondering. cooperate with others. But so many instances occur in anything that gives the im- which the reduction of church- pression that the mission field es to one in a community does not result in deep- is the scene of strife and faction and confusion ening the religious life Or accomplish the chris- because of church divisions exaggerates the fact.

tianizing of the people. Possibly the Christian One wishes the story could stop there, but that faith is too rich to find an outlet in one form of would not be right nor accurate. Existing expression, either of belief or of practice or of church divisions are at many points terribly worship. If two groups of Christians could be costly to the missionary enterprise. The Chris- thoroughly Christian and accept each other as tian faith has been shamed before the unbelievers fellow-believers, they might do better service for of mission lands. Factions have even taken Christ as two groups than if they became one. cases into national courts, making plain the rea- The curse of division is that it cuts down into sons for the Apostle's horrified exclamations the spirit of believers so often and really sepa- against such unworthy practices. Small bodies [202] have refused to take part in joint efforts to make costs on the field are often heavier than they Christ known, because of some pressure from the ought to be and these are almost never reckoned home field. Many missionaries would go much among the items of "overhead" because they are farther than their supporting constituency would outside of America; They are still "overhead,"

permit in recognizing the equal Christian wit- however, since they are part of the cost of getting ness of other workers. Divisions in the West the work done.

are sometimes duplicated in the East on terms It is a grave question, which we ought to face, which would be ridiculous if they were not tragic whether it is necessary to maintain separate mis- and are often based solely on traditions brought sion boards and committees, with secretaries, in bodily from the West. treasurers, clerks, publications, promotion work- ers, using a considerable percentage of gifts for Three Serious Hindrances the purpose, when a number of them could be united at a great reduction of cost. It is the duty At least three serious hindrances can be traced of each board to keep a steady eye on its outlay, to church divisions among ourselves. but there is no escaping a heavy load of expenses I. These divisions result in a heavy increase by any supervision. Many dollars are used in adof "overhead" in missionary administration. It ministration because of church divisions in the is a testimony to the essential missionary nature West which could be released for field work if of the Christian faith that virtually all of the the divisions were healed or ignored. Western divisions have missionary work in other lands. No sooner does a group break away from The Influence on the Mission Field an existing body than it proceeds to undertake missionary work of its own. Sometimes the II. These divisions have a constant and in- smaller groups are deceived into thinking that evitable influence on the growing Church on the their work has no overhead cost because there is field. Most of the field divisions are the out- no paid secretary nor rented office. All the work growth of Western divisions, though many are is done voluntarily and without salary. But the now kept alive by nationals who are more earnest person who does the work has to live and all that in maintaining them than the missionaries. In happens is that somebody else pays the cost of several instances the missionary force by large living-a church which releases a pastor or a majority would have wiped out a divisive distinc- church worker long enough for this extra work, tion but the national believers stood with the mis- or an individual who makes this his gift to for- sion minority and refused to agree to any such eign missions can give less directly because action. This is often reckoned a particularly loyal he pays the collecting and transmitting costs of course on the part of the nationals. In most in- the enterprise. As the work grows, it becomes stances they have learned their lessons from ear- inevitable that someone must give more time to lier or present missionaries who brought it from it and presently an assistant secretary or treas- the West. In one country I had occasion to list, urer is employed and a modest office is rented so with a veteran missionary, all the thirteen sep- that supporters can be kept informed. Printing arated Christian groups, some in sharp antago~ bills begin to be larger than purely voluntary nism to the others, and I found that not one of gifts will meet, so they absorb the gifts of some them had originated in the land itself. All had donors, part of which might have gone directly been imported from America or Great Britain.

to the work. From this point on costs are sure On the other hand, there are cases where na- to increase and the best anyone can do is to resist tional groups wish to obliterate the division increased expenses at every point. which has been brought from the West and find But it would be possible to administer the that they can do this only by severing their rela- American or British end of several boards or com- tion to the sending body to which they owe their mittees at slightly more than the present cost of knowledge of Christ. The hand of the West one. The three or four largest boards in America reaches over to restrain them and to maintain could unite their forces and reduce their "over- among them the conditions which have seemed head" to little more than the cost of the largest. necessary on this side of the sea. But when West- They deal with the same problems, cover the same ern divisions are healed it is discovered that these fields at many points, could meet the same difficul- restraints are not necessary and the groups flow ties in ten fields as easily as in eight, and could together. It would release many national groups release a great deal of money for field work. Ad- for their larger and more efficient service if the ministration costs more at the point where all divisions of the sending churches were healed.

bills are highest, namely, in the home offices. Even III. The divisions in the Christian Church so, it must not be overlooked that administrative tend to magnify distinctions within the Christian

message rather than to emphasize the central initial, simpler steps in the Christian faith. But heart of the message which is common to all in- the serious danger is that in presenting to new telligent believers. The Gospel got its start in believers the special accents which mark us here the first place on very simple terms. The divisions we may shadow to their minds the big, central which now mark the Western Church' are not realities by which we all live. As wise helpers of native to the Gospel but are native rather to us. the faith of our brethren we have no wish to close It is not fair to load up the Gospel in a new land any pathway of discussion which may open bewith acquired elements which are not essential fore them, but our own part is to give them right beginnings in the simpler faith with which the to it. church starts. Courses that rest on our divisions We need not minimize the importance of the really misrepresent the Christian faith, which is meant to bring us together, not to separate us as things that divide us, but there can be no doubt believers. that the things that are common to us are the greater things, the central things, of our faith. Avoiding any exaggeration of the hindrance Or, to word it differently, the simpler things of caused in the missionary movement by our Westthe Gospel are the common things; the more in- ern divisions, there is danger and hindrance tricate things, the profounder implications of the enough in those divisions to drive us to heal them, faith are the debated things which are the ground or at least to ignore them, when we undertake to of our differences. We need not decry our own give others the essential Gospel through which we divisions even when we deprecate the transmis- have been saved. sion of them to others who have still to take the Present Trends in Foreign Missions Dr. Cornelius H. Patton in his address at the opening session of the conferences for the newly appointed missionaries of the American Board, set forth the following four- teen points showing some of the present-day trends in foreign missions: 1. To transfer leadership and ownership to the national Christians of each land as early as pos- sible.

2. To recognize more fully the responsibility of governments and to cooperate with them in so far as fundamental Christian principles allow.

3. To encourage and conserve the values of indigenous religion and culture wherever found, seeking always to domesticate Christian ideals and institutions in the environment and tradition of each land.

4. To maintain, as may be necessary, the distinction between Christianity and so-called Christian ci viliza tion.

5. To interpret the Christian message in such a way as to make it applicable to the total life of a people.

6. To make evangelism complete by emphasizing the Christ-sp,irit as the saving element in all proc- esses of social improvement.

7. To stress the improvement of rural communities as the special need of the hour.

8. To adapt education to the circumstances .of a given people and as furnishing the background for national strength as well as for the development of the religious life.

9. To offer motive and guidance in the effort to save the people of the East fr.om the mistakes of the industrial order of the West.

10. To work for the consolidation of the Christian forces throughout the world.

11. In the selection and training of missionary personnel to insist upon the highest degree of effi- ciency attainable.

12. To help people at home and abroad to realize and appreciate the world of our day as a unity of interests and aspirations.

13. To attempt to preach the eternal Gospel by word and in terms that men and women of this age will understand.

14. To find in the leadership and saving power of Christ the only hope of a distressed and bewil- dered yet spiritually hungry world.

Dr. Patton added that the American Board could honestly lay claim to having worked through the years along these lines with perhaps the exception of three which are new to the entire Christian world. -The Congregationalist.

Open Door in Savage N e"W Guinea*

By the REV. R. TAEUBER, St. Paul, Minnesota Executive Secretary, American Lutheran Mission in New Guinea W HEN the Venerable Senior Lutheran Mis- Gospel) even in the remote corners of the terri- sionary, Dr. John Flierl, and Missionary tory. While in the year of our Lord 1900 only Tremel first landed at Simbang forty-five two natives in that district had been converted years ago, no one was on the beach to meet them. to Christ, during the following thirty years After having pitched a tent to store their belong- 30,000 have been baptized after a thorough in- ings they went over to the nearest village looking struction lasting from three to six years. Dur- for natives, but not a soul could be found. The ing the year 1929, 4,000 natives were baptized men, women and children, together with every- and 4,633 others attended preparatory classes.

thing movable, had disappeared into the bush. This growth has been realized in spite of small These ambassadors of Christ realized that they beginnings, adverse times and paralyzing condi- were not wanted and were con- tions, and notwithstanding the fronted by an enemy behind a fact that during the World wall of passive and active re- War the mission was cut off sistance. The doors of New from its mother Church in Guinea were closed to them and Germany and was put into fortified with innumerable and hands entirely unprepared for a p par ently insurmountable the task. The work has devel- barriers. oped wonderfully and is now The New Guinea natives expanding at such a rate that were bloodthirsty savages and the churches at home have had cannibals. It is a miracle that to serve notice to the missiona- they did not kill and devour ries on the field that for eco- these white intruders. But as nomic reasons curtailment was ancient enemies were smitten necessary.

with blindness, so these na- The present white staff con- tives were smitten with fear TYPICAL OF THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN sists of thirty-six ordained misso that they did not dare to DARKNESS AND LIGHT IN NEW GUINEA sionaries, including one doctor, touch God's servants. Natives six nurses, twenty-one lay mis- after their conversion to Christ have said: sionaries, three women helpers and thirty-six "When we saw the big steamer far out off the married women.

coast, we thought that God had come down and There are twenty main stations, two seminaries, was rocking himself on the waves smoking a big four coconut plantations, one sawmill, two sup- cigar." The missionaries were thought to be ply stores, a health station, hospitals, schooners gods because of their white skin. and motor boats. In 170 schools 196 trained native It was only after fourteen years of hard and teachers are instructing 4,853 native children.

sacrificial labor by the pioneers that they saw There are also approximately 500 native helpers.

the first fruits of their faithful service. Then, in The outstanding feature of this mission is the 1900, they baptized the first two Papuans to ac- training of native evangelists. The Papuan cept Christ in that part of the island. Since then Christians are taught to consider it their duty the wall of pagan resistance has been crumbling to bring the miti (the Gospel) to their pagan more and more. Cannibals are still to be found neighbors and to the strangers in the interior.

in the interior and only recently two missiona- This is done at great sacrifice and even at the ries had to flee from spears and arrows. But on risk of life. Usually when a class is baptized the whole the doors are open to the miti (the some of the members volunteer to help in mission • Observations on my visit to the Territory of New Guinea, 1929-30. work to become trained helpers or to do "their bit" as untrained workers. R. Taeuber.

[205]

pause. Someone from the a u die n c e then asked: "Have you nothing to say?" Finally a tall Timbe man arose and said: "Our heads are hanging low. We will learn the new way."

At Quambu I had been invited by the native to at- tend the first confirmation and, with their missionary, to lay my hands on the young converts. At the close of the service a na- tive with troubled features arose and with bowed head slowly and hesitatingly came forward. At the lad- der leading up the plat- A CONGREGATION IN THE LUTHERAN MISSION. MANDANG, NEW GUINEA form, 10-12 feet above the ground, he paused, while During my visit to this far-away mission field all eyes were fixed on him. According to na- it was my privilege to attend several baptismal tive custom no one asked what he wanted, but festivals. At Sombore, a station 8,000 feet high all waited patiently. Suddenly his irresolution in the Cromwell Mountains, I saw Missionary seemed to vanish and he ascended the platform Wacke baptize the first fruits of that village- and said: thirty-two men and women. Ten years ago they "I want to make a short speech. Do you see this were cannibals; now they have become missiona- pUlpit with or without fruit? There is no fruit," ries of Christ. At the close of the services sev- he shouted at the top of his voice, while the audieral young men volunteered to become helpers, ence nodded assent. He continued: "I had while close by on the slope of the hill sat about hoped to present today my boy as a candidate for 150 people of the Timbe tribe, half naked, with the helpers' school, but my wife refused. I contheir grim savage faces and unsteady eyes. Their sulted her brothers but she would not yield to spears, bows and arrows were always at hand. their appeals. What can you do if you have such Will these, too, become Christians? a stubborn wHeT'

During the afternoon celebration one of the na- Saying this he de!,cended. Later the congre- tive teachers called for a Timbe woman (named Pui- pui) and, pointing to her as she stood before all the people, shouted to the Timbe men: "You Timbe are not men, you are women; you fear the spirits of the dead and the sorcerers and your neighbors. You would like to try the new way, but you are cowards. This woman here has the heart of a man, she has courage and has shown you what to do."

He paused and then INTERIOR OF THE SIMPLE CHRISTIAN CHURCH AT AMELE. NEW GUI~EA asked : "Now tell me, am I right or did I tell you a lie '?" There was a long

AN OPEN DOOR IN SAVAGE NEW GUINEA

gation took matters in hand and the boy is now preparing for m iss ion work.

Going up the Markham Valley for more than sev- enty-five miles on horse- back, I rode through a forty-mile stretch without passing a single village.

Years ago the Laewomba tribe had killed most of the inhabitants. The few remaining people settled farther up the river or took to the mountains.

Now the Laewomba are sending Christian evangel- ists to their benighted fel- TRAINING A NEW GUINEA BAND-WITH BRASS INSTRUMENTS AND SEA SHELLS low Papuans to bring them peace of heart and life. was creeping down from the mountains. The missionary pointed to one of our black carriers On the grass plains of the Azera district on and said: the upper Markham, we passed through village after village. A great change has taken place and there is a marked contrast between former "The other day this young man confessed to me conditions. The Christian settlements are clean- that ten years ago his father and other men of the er and more orderly. Men and women work; the village, while hunting in the bush, had suddenly children attend school; the natives greet you in come upon a woman of a hostile tribe. They seized a friendly manner; their whole life and appear- her and triumphantly carried her back to their ance shows that a new spirit has taken possession own village where she was hung all night,. danof them. gling from a pole to which her hands and feet had been tied under one of their huts. To prevent We were about to enter one village as darkness her screaming a man broke her jawbones with a club. The next morning this young man now carrying my pack, then a boy of about ten years, was se- lected to kill the woman with a wooden sword, after which the villagers feast- ed on her flesh."

Entering the village we heard another sound-not the screams of the poor captive woman but the tones of a little church bell calling the villagers to wor- ship. Anutu (God) was being honored in the small bush chapel after ten years of mission work; what a change!

A few years ago the Pa- puan natives were accus- BAPTISMAL SERVICE IN THE LUTHERAN MISSION AT CARABO tomed to trade children for f 0 0 d supplies, especially

durillg a famine. While some ate their ac- of his head to the soles of his feet, appears wear- quired yams, taro and the like, others feasted ing a demon mask. Beating his drum he dances on the. flesh of the bartered children. Now these into the open square continually praising himself people take their children to as the prince of darkness, of other villages, not to sell but lies and all evil and promising to put them in the mission his followers joys of life.

school. Then the beating of another Unbelieving skeptics who drum is heard as a snow-white scoff at Christian missions figure emerges from the bush should go to New Guinea and and also enters the square. He look into the eyes of former announces him s elf as the savages and cannibals and Prince of Light and Love and listen to their songs and demands obedience to Anutu pra~ers, .. and his miti (the Gospel); The Christian Papuans not he calls men and women to only meet for worship but they struggle against the power of also· have other mission gath- darkness, and to bear a cross; erings. Melanesian Day is a he promises true joy and happi- festival that lasts several days ness in the way of the Light and is attended by thousands and a blessed life hereafter.

of Christian and non-Christian The dark figure disappears in- natives. By sermon, pageant to a pit that has been prepared and dialogue the native teach- and covered with palm leaves ers, elders and others endeav- while the white figure raises or to deepen the knowledge the drum amid shouts of vic- and interest of the visitors and tory. The dark figure emerges to arouse enthusiasm for mis- A CHRISTIAN LINK BETWEEN THE RACES again to illustrate the reactions sion work among their be- of heathendom, but finally the nighted black brethren. They DR. J. FLIERL. THE SENIOR LUTHERAN dark figure flees into the bush have a unique way of illustrat- MISSIONARY. WITH HIS GRANDSON AND and disappears. The light of A NEW GUINEA CHILD.

ing Biblical teachings and Christian life. For the miti (the Gospel), of Anutu (God) has won.

example: Heathendom must be conquered.

The beating of a native drum far off in the bush May God give abundant light to His people in comes nearer and nearer. Thousands of eyes are New Guinea and help them to conquer darkness.

turned in the direction of the sound. Suddenly May His face shine upon them and may He be a dark figure, painted jet black from the crown gracious unto them.

WHAT IS THE COMPENSATION?

The full story will never be told of what missionaries have endured. Much of it has been borne in secret with that silent patience that seeks recompense only from God. They have said good-bye to parents and friends, many of whom they have never seen again on earth. Often on their return, they have only memories of father or mother and a marble slab or a plot of green in the graveyard. They send their children home and, having com- mitted them to God, settle down again to bear without complaint their wistful loneliness. The past few months have revealed all too poignantly the sufferings and the heartaches of our missionaries despite the courage with which theY have endured. Sdme are beset by dangers untold, by flood and famine and· banditry and war. Their hearts are broken by the sight of the need and suffering around them. They are burdened with the overwhelming weight of crass superstition and idolatry.

A missionary was asked what compensation he had found in his work for all the sacri- fices he had made. He took from his pocket a letter, worn with much handling, and read this sentence from an Oriental student: "But for you, I would not have known Jesus Christ, our Saviour. Every morning as I kneel down before God, I think of you and I pray."

"That," said the missionary, "is my compensation !" REV. C. DARBY FULTON, D. D.

Self;,Criticism of Missions Today*

By DR. OSCAR MAC MILLAN BUCK, Madison, N. J.

Professor of Missions and Comparative Religion at Drew University W E are in the beginnings, not merely of a sand mISSIOnaries in so-called non-Christian new age, but of a new decade that carries lands; they help in the support of over sixty-five the characteristics of a new age. In this thousand native teachers and preachers and workdecade of the nineteen hundred and thirties our ers; they conduct almost twenty thousand schools intercontinental consciousness has become vivid and educational institutions, from the kinder- and permanent. In this decade we have made a garten to the university, with over eight hundred definite commitment to a new world order. We thousand students; they are carrying on over have made an attempt to re- four hundred hospitals in one turn to "normalcy," such as we hun d red and twenty-three knew before the World War be- Are we up-to-date in our countries and imp 0 r tan t gan to tear up our Western civ- missionary methods? What is provinces. It is obviously im- ilization by the roots. The this Christian enterprise ac- possible in the short space of present goal is not "Back to complishing today in a mnd half an hour to critically ap- normalcy," but forward into a like India? We are at a crisis praise the place of this enor- new world-wide order, inclu- -perhaps the greatest since mously developed enterprise in sive of all the continents, all the Crucifixion. The mission- the midst of this extensively the races, all the nations, all ary enterprise and the Church developing world transforma- the classes and both sexes- itself is being severely criti- tion.

forward into the mist with the cized by the youth and those Let me say three things at ground trembling under our outside. the outset. First, I realize feet. The year just closed is Dr. Buck has just returned that this is a very serious time one of the most critical and sig- from a tour of India for the in which to criticize the mis- nificant in the history of man- purpose of examining criti- sionary enterprise. Christian kind; the new year before us cally the work on the field. He missions are in a retrenchment summons us to new thinking, shows some of the changes movement of considerable mag- new relationships, new organi- that must be made if Chris- nitude and of considerable zations, new fears, new hopes, tianity is to be at the heart of danger. It is possible that this and new deliverances. the forward movements in all great adjustment to new lines We are in the midst of the lands-not only on the edges. and new positions may end in great world-wide movements, His constructive criticisms catastrophe. The breakdown anyone of which is sufficient are worth reading. and the breakup of the work to revolutionize the world as of the previous generation we knew it away back in the would be a calamity. What nineteen hundred and twenties. I have been the church needs today is not criticism, but asked to appraise the present Christian mis- confidence, and any criticism that is careless, sionary enterprise in the light of this rapidly wild or reckless may do incalculable damage to a developing world situation, an enterprise which movement that has at its heart the redeeming reaches its fingers into the depths of all the con- Gospel of Jesus Christ.

tinents and which has its footholds on the borders Second, I realize that many missionary leaders, of all lands. those at the heart of the administration, are fully The Protestant churches of North America conscious that great changes are needed in the alone put thirty-five million dollars a year into missionary enterprise today. The good field mar- this commitment; they keep over fourteen thou- shal of the Protestant missions, Dr. John R. Mott, has published a volume entitled "The Present-Day • From an address on "A Critical Appraisal of the Missionary Enter- Summons to the World Mission of Christianity." prise in the Light of This Present World Situation," delivered at the One of the secretaries of the International Mis- Eleventh Quadrennial Convention of the Student Volunteer Movement, Buffalo, New York, December 31, 1931. sionary Council dares to quote from a friend who [209]

said, "Within ten years the Protestant missions missions were prominent in the procession that will be so different as to be scarcely recognizable." marched around these ancient Jerichos of super- In the current number of the International Re- stition, ignorance, darkness, injustice, oppression view of Missions Dr. Qharles R. Watson, a for- and grief. mer Mission Board secretary, and today the President of the American University in Cairo, says: Having said this by way of introduction, let me "Frankly, it is missions as such that now need re- say that my criticism, my appraisal of Christian thinking; that the world changes since 1914 have missionary enterprise is not out of books, but it been revolutionary will, I think, be universally is out of my own experience. I myself come out conceded; that missions have experienced any of confusion of mind. I am just out of India, drastic changes will be claimed by no one." Both whither I went as secretary of the commission on the mission field and in North America there sent by the International Missionary Council and are many who realize that the Christian mission- cooperating bodies to study the Christian colleges ary enterprise is at present inadequate for the of India. I was also in India five years ago for nineteen hundred and thirties. We do not need eight months as the companion and associate of to drag such leaders into a more adequate pro- that modern St. Paul-Dr. Stanley Jones. gram and strategy. They are moving as rapidly as we will let them move into a program that is When I returned to India this last year I found adequate for the coming day. in five years such changes, such a shift in the whole missionary enterprise and its relationship Third, I do not intend to criticize the Christian to the life of the land, that I was thrown for a missions on the basis of failure in the past. Fail- time into great darkness and confusion of mind. ures there have been, but failure there has not I have had to work my way slowly out of that conbeen. Reverse the picture. Those things which fusion and I speak of the things which I have seen have been put into statistical tables and which and the things which I have learned. many have considered as the principal result of Christian missions, put those in as the by-product, An IDustration From India and what have been considered as the by-product, consider as the principal results of Christian mis- Let me take India as an illustration of what I sions, and what do we see? Static civilizations have to say in appraising the missionary enterhave become mobile. My mother went to India prise. This is the oldest and in some ways the sixty years ago. (She is still living, thank God.) most successful of our mission fields. During those sixty years she has seen an India that was static and inert aroused and moving so In the first place, the Christian missionary enrapidly that any man who is away from India for terprise is being forced from the heart of these a few months goes back to find a strangely great movements, which are developing and exchanged land. panding with such rapidity, out to the circumfer- ence of these movements. On the one side we Another great phenomenon is the "approxima- have this situation developing so rapidly along tion of religions." The great religions of the many lines as to be almost revolutionary, and on world are moving toward Christianity and are the other side we have a great Christian institubridging the chasms that separated them from tionalism with machinery, heavy and intricate, Christian ideas and ideals, from Christian prin- unable to adjust itself quickly to the turns in the ciples and ethics. Again, it is not an exaggera- road. Christian missions seem to lack a steering tion to say that the conscience of the world today gear equal to the heavy mechanism which they is more Christian than it has ever been. The min- possess. Conditions have changed so rapidly that istry to the under-privileged and to the sick has they have not been able to adapt themselves to gone far beyond the Christian Church, and has these tremendous changes in Indian life. As a now become the concern of States. Christian result, these great movements are going past us. friendships have had a powerful influence. The They may not be un-Christian, or anti-Christian, ethical wholesomeness of many Christian lives and one might welcome this fact, but they ignore and of Christian homes established in non-Chris- Christianity, as they move toward their goals. tian lands tell the same story. The proletariat The Christian missionary enterprise, if it is to movement, the women's movement–all these play its part in the nineteen hundred and thirties, great transformations in the life of the mission and to speak to men's consciences and minds with fields are results, in a large measure, of the Chris- authority and power, must move into the center tian missionary enterprise of the Protestant of these great movements. That involves a new churches. We do not claim that they are alto- strategy, a new alignment, and a new effort on gether due to missions-but at least Christian the part of the Christian churches. It means withdrawal at certain places; concentration at other places. It means unified thinking and con-

SELF-CRITICISM OF MISSIONS TODAY

certed action on the part of widely different de- education in the nineteen hundred and thirties nominations. and forties. Said one official, "The finest thing Take the Nationalist Movement in India. What that Christian missions could do in India would outstanding Christian leaders have we in this be to close all its men's colleges and turn them movement, and Protestant movements have been into women's colleges." We are not awake to our in India for two hundred years? There are some opportunity. There are only three small Chrisyounger Christian men coming on. It was a tian colleges and three larger colleges for women great loss to the Christian Church of India when in India. Only three and one-half per cent of the K. T. Paul died last year, for he was rapidly mak- students in Christian colleges of India are in the ing his way into the inner councils of that great women's colleges. Ninety-six and one-half per development. But Indian Christianity is still a cent are in the men's colleges. The women are minority group on the edges of the Nationalist not doing their share in this great, developing women's movement in India, which carries the Movement. Take the great movement of the proletariat of regeneration of India so deeply in its heart.

India. These fifty million untouchables, a part The Influence of Education of the proletariat movement of the world, are moving forward without wise Christian leader- Take the field of education. Our educational ship and without efficient lay leaders. They work is not in the heart of the movement of the desperately need wise, trained leaders who can day. It is being pushed to the edges. Christian lead this multitude out of their Egypt of disabili- missions have had a splendid record in education.

ties into their Canaan of equalities with other peo- Eight per cent of the colleges of India are Chris- ples in India. Christian missionaries were the first tian. Sixteen per cent of the students who go to go to the untouchables. We were the ones that through colleges in India go through Christian drew attention to their lot. We walked into their colleges. We have the opportunity to mold one hovels and flashed the light of a better day into out of every six college graduates, but the printheir dim eyes. We sat down and, pointing with cipals of these colleges recognize that we are slip- .our fingers to the letters of the alphabet, taught ping, and it was because of their request that this them to read. We made out of them a separate commission was sent out to suggest how the community, so that they were no longer untouch- Christian colleges of India could work back into ables-they were Christians-a separate fold. We the center of things. We are tied to a state sysdid not constantly keep sending leaders back, as tem of education which is still wandering in the Moses and Aaron were sent back to their fellows, wilderness, which is determined by the poverty of with the word "Thus sayeth the Lord God, let my India rather than by what is good for India's welpeople go"; and now Gandhi claims to be their fare; in this situation the C:p.ristian colleges find champion. The spinning wheel and the "un- themselves unable to use adequately the opportutouchables" are his favorite themes. nities which they themselves create. There are The Great Women's Movement more non-Christian teachers in the Christian col- leges for men in India than there are Christian Take the great women's movement in India to- teachers. There are three hundred and ninetyday. The president of the Women's Educational seven non-Christian teachers in the thirty-two Conference, speaking at Lahore, said that the Christian colleges for men, while the Christian Christian missionaries were responsible for the teachers number three hundred and fifty-seven. In beginnings of the women's movement in India. many a Christian institution non-Christians are She paid a high tribute to the Christian mission- teaching science and philosophy-two tremenaries, but their leadership is largely gone from dously important subjects for the nineteen hunthe women's movement in India. Theosophists dred and thirties.

lead the procession now. Christian missions for There is, of course, an overwhelming prepon- women have been too suspicious of the Nationalist derance of non-Christian students in Christian Movement, too unwilling to trust that movement colleges-eighty-seven and one-half per cent in with its traditions and ideals out of the past of the men's Christian colleges are non-Christian.

India. And yet we still hold a very strategic In India the largest American college has a stu- place in the women's movement. Christian wom- dent body ninety-seven per cent non-Christian, en's colleges are the best all-round colleges in In- and the largest British college has also a non- dia. We were told there that the finest thing that Christian student body ninety-seven per cent.

Christian missions could do in India would be to With a faculty so largely non-Christian, and with prepare for the great avalanche of Hindu and a preponderatingly non-Christian student body, Moslem women who would be demanding higher how can we expect Christian colleges of India, or

of any land, to create more than a mild Christian missionary enterprise before we can go far in influence? They ought to be making a profound meeting, joyfully, adequately and enthusiastically, Christian impact upon the situation. With the the claims of this new decade. In large measure crowded curriculum and the efforts to keep up the best youth of the colleges and of the churches with the administration and the routine, our have been lost for the missionary task of the Christian missionaries can not give themselves Church of Christ. We must speak a vocabulary adequately to personal contacts with men and that they can understand. We must move out women, or with students. into a world that they appreciate as the world in which they live. Every newspaper sounds the Again, I would like to say that the great fallacy bugle call. A new world is forming for better or in modern missions is the conception that many for worse. For one thing the student today is out means much. It does not. Many Christians do of patience with the word "home" and the word not mean much Christianity. Many centers oc- "foreign." He wishes to deal with the whole cupied do not mean much accomplished, and many world and not a divided world. These movements, institutions do not necessarily mean much Chris- these crises, these clashes of which we hear, tian influence. We must not depend on the statis- stretch clear across the continents in these ninetical tables to estimate the power of Christianity. teen hundred and thirties. Is it not time to take The Kingdom of Heaven is not a chamber of com- the word "foreign" out of the Christian missionmerce. In the strange mathematics of Jesus one ary enterprise? We must enlist the youth of the may be more important than ninety and nine. world in the service of Christ for all the world. The most stirring things I saw in India were not buildings or crowds. Among others, a most I close with two brief words of hope. This is a stirring sight was the face of a Burmese girl be- day when God is working. Jesus Christ in His longing to the Gospel Team sent to India from day saw the Kingdom of God moving across the Judson College, Burma; another was a young threshold to form a new era. He went out to meet Christian apologist in a small village of India, it at dawn, and expected God to work His martalking to a crowd of Mohammedans; and an- vels in that new day. He kept this attitude of other was a Lutheran communion service at expectancy to the end. As He hung on the Cross Guntur. Not many necessarily, but much. He was still eagerly expectant-and just beyond' "this day" loomed "paradise." God is creating Too Much Finances and it is time for us to work with Him.

Again, I am convinced that we have put finances The last thing I say is that we must not forget too much to the front in modern missions. At the Power that may dwell in a single human perhome we have made the collection plate and the sonality. Under the influence of this Power eleven duplex envelope rather than the Cross the symbol disciples "turned the world upside down." One of missions; as a result, we seem to say, "If any disciple became the great apostle to the Gentiles. man would be Christ's disciple, let him join the Two German students set the Protestant missionchurch and make his subscription and so follow ary enterprise to going in Europe. One young me." We have spoiled a good word "missions," English cobbler and one young Cambridge don which means "sending," and have made it mean woke the churches of England to look across the "spending." Sacrificial enthusiasm was charac- seas. Five college students started the Foreign teristic of the first missions and finances were Missionary Movement in North America. A secondary. When enthusiasm dies out we must handful of young men at Mt. Hermon heard the struggle to keep up the finances. What we need call and seized the opportunity forty-five years to do is to bring in the tides of enthusiasm for a ago and started the greatest Christian crusade of new world, a Christ-like world, and the finances all history. The power in the personality of will be lifted by the impact of the tide. Jesus is not exhausted. I do not believe that we have yet reached the frontiers of the dream, the Other constructive criticisms I might make, but hope, the enthusiasm of Jesus Christ for the let me close by saying that the youth, the best of world. According to His faith it will yet be done our Christian youth, must be recaptured for the unto Him.

There is no denying the faet that there is much muddled and confused thinking today with regard to Foreign Missions. and there is assuredly widespread ignorance and misunderstanding. It is to be feared also that there is a great deal of nllsrepresentation.

When. for example. it is stated that the Foreign Missionary work of the Church has lost sight of its primary evangelistic purpose and has become educational and philanthropic, the statement represents either ignorance or misrepresentation. The Foreign Mission work of our Church stands solidly on the great commission of our Lord. Its representatives have gone out to preach the Gospel, to make Jesus Christ known as the only Saviour of the world; to tell the stOry of His life and His death and His rising again, and to declare the meaning and the joyous message of His Cross and His Resurrection. RoBERT E. SPEER.

A STUDENT GOSPEL ITEAM STARTING OUT FROM KAREN AND BURMESE

Student Evangelists In Burma By the REV. H. 1. MARSHALL, Insein, Rangoon Missionary of the American Baptist Missionary Society H ONK! HONK! sounds the horn of the big ciation-"Climbing Jacob's Ladder" or "Lord, motor bus as it stands outside the door of Make Me More Humble." the dormitory of the Karen Seminary at Insein, not far from Rangoon. The driver is im- The last fellow comes running out with his patient for he has been waiting half an hour. cornet under his arm and, as he tucks his last With utter disregard of time he has come half an book into his bag, makes a flying leap at the back hour earlier than the time appointed. The boys, step of the bus as it starts down the hill. The coming from the dining hall, have run up to their sound of the songs die out in the distance and anrooms to get their Karen bags in which there is a other student campaign has started on its way. blanket, a Bible and a few song books. Others rush up with brass band instruments and a big A week or more ago a call came from some bass drum. This must be tied on the back of the rather discouraged pastor of a Karen village bus because there is no room inside. church, asking that a group of students come out and help him stir up the spiritual life in his vil- This is not a theatrical company starting off for lage. The group of Christian students was sea tour in the country, but an evangelistic band of lected and has met to pray that God would theologs and one or two teachers. They climb into cleanse their hearts and prepare them to become the bus, the bags are put under the seats and the channels of blessing to those to whom they go. crowd which gathers to see them off starts to sing They also pray that the Spirit of God will prepare a chorus: "Our Motto Is Service," "Living for the hearts of those to whom they are going, and Jesus," or "Dear Old Pals," or they may begin that they, as a group, may be welded into a spiritone of their favorite Negro spirituals, which the ual unity, with power from on high. Karen boys delight to sing with so much appre- When the bus has traveled some distance they enjoy another devotional quiet time, disturbed [213J

only by the throbbing of the engine. By the time all squat on the floor. Surrounding villages and the appointed village is reached the group has their opportunities are discussed, also the needs been welded together by song and happy pleas- of the school children. The work is divided among antry and prayer. They have become jolly pals the various members of the team: the school and are ready to stand by each other under all where they will conduct song services, teach Bible circumstances. They announce their arrival by a classes, play games and tell stories to the little song or a tune on a horn and the village children tots. Others in apostolic fashion, two by two, will come running out to gaze on the new arrivals with visit the houses of the non-Christians, or of back- all the ecstasy that the American small boy greets sliders. After the plans for the morrow have the arrival of the circus. been completed each member rolls up in his The Church elders come and lead the way to blanket and soon all are off to "the land of nod." the house which is to be the headquarters of the The next day after morning rice each member campaigners for the next two or three days. All living together in one house helps to keep the of the team retires to his corner with his Bible unity of the group and to maintain the high spir- preparing for his assigned work. Then the visiitual level at which the leaders, whether mission- tors go out and begin their round of calls at the ary or Karen, always aim to keep the team. homes. Everything is characterized by personal witnessing. "Preaching" is not allowed. Recent- That evening lights are taken to the village ly one young man, with his two companions, came chapel, or are hung on bamboos in the open place to a house where an old man was puttering between the houses, and mats are spread on the around on his back veranda. The student asked ground. Only those who have to remain at home the privilege of coming up and talking to him to watch for fear of thieves stay away from this about Jesus.

meeting. The band arrives and begins to tune The old man replied gruffly that he did not care up. The children draw in closer and closer. After anything about Jesus. The student replied, "Will the leaders have had a few moments of prayer, you allow us to come and talk about ourselves?"

the whole team comes and opens the exercises The old man had no objection, so the young men with a song. Good feeling and jolly fellowship went up and squatted beside him. After a few abound for they feel that Christ has made life words of general conversation the leader began full of joy and has given them freedom from the telling of his early childish pranks, then of how terrifying fears of heathenism. he came to have a more serious view of life as he The songs and stunts that follow are side- learned its meaning through Christ. splitting and the people enjoy it. Laughter makes The old man had dropped his work and was impossible any active opposition on the part of listening intently. Then he said: "Come into the those who dislike Christian preachers, or of house and sit down," and with true oriental hos- Buddhists who come expecting to hear their re- pitality spread a mat for them to sit on. The ligion maligned. Even opponents find themselves other two students each told his experience and enjoying the evening so much that when one of answered a number of questions. They so won the students is introduced as having something the old man's confidence that he was glad to join to tell about himself that they eagerly listen to with them in a prayer to God for help and guid- his Christian testimony. ance.

One Christian student tells what a disobedient Only two or three houses may be visited in a and foolish young man he once was, and then how morning, but in almost every case the visit is a new spirit and new life came into his heart and long enough for the students to tell their experi- he became a Christian with changed ideals and a ence and explain it and to "pray through" with new joy and outlook on life. All are interested some member of the household who shows a real from beginning to end and hardly realize that this interest. Many decisions for Christ have been is the religion that they had looked upon as some won in this way.

new foreign foolishness. Other members of the team go to the village After the concert the village teacher, or pastor, school where they teach Gospel choruses to the and one or two elders are invited to come to the children, or action songs that are greatly enjoyed.

guest house and unite in prayer. Tomorrow is Then follow Bible lessons fitted to the children of another day with exacting duties and privileges. the different ages. At intervals all go out in the They pray "to be led to make out the best pro- open for a group game and some of the village gram," "to use men to the best advantage and to grown ups may be inveigled into limbering up win the largest number of those who have not and playing volley ball or "three-deep." The found the abundant Life." A regular "round morning ends with more songs and rousing testi- table" is held even though there is no table and monies by two team members.

STUDENT EVANGELISTS IN BURMA

The afternoon follows much the same routine is difficult to give each one the needed personal and after the last service the members of the Gos- help. They are told the importance of "food, air pel team transform themselves into a football and exercise" (Bible reading, prayer and service).

team and playa game with the village boys. The The village teachers are given the names of those people of Burma are taking to football (soccer) who responded and the church, if there is one in all over the country and such a game is sure to the village, is urged to follow up the work.

bring out a crowd. This serves as good publicity Next morning amid the villagers' hearty shout to advertise the meeting in the evening. The of "Return Happily," the team starts back with good fellowship of the team and their fair play songs of rejoicing and thanksgiving. In the bus makes a favorable impression. they may hold a "round table" in which each The evening program is not like an ordinary member tells what this excursion has meant to evangelistic service for a crowd of Burmese and him. Wonderful testimonies reveal the effect on Karen villagers does not look much like an Ameri- their own lives. Their dull routine of classwork can church audience. Non-Christians do not get has taken on a new meaning. They have found much out of an ordinary sermon. How many such have been wasted on the desert air! The first point is to win their attention, then their interest and then to instruct them. The band opens the meeting and is a never failing drawing- card. Next comes a concert, which perhaps more resembles a variety entertainment. There are songs, comic and serious, various stunts to pro- voke the opposition-killing laughter, and a simple Bible drama. When the people feel happy they are much more receptive to the joyful Gospel mes- sage than when they are oppressed by the fear of the law.

When the concert is over and the last lingerers have gone home, some boys are still seen holding quiet talks with those whom they met in their house to house visits. Finally, no matter how late the hour, the team enjoys a devotional hour be- fore retiring. Experiences are exchanged, plans for the morrow talked over and prayed over and then the silent figures are seen wrapped up in their blankets on the floor. Some empty spaces show that a few are seeking to get still closer to the great Source of Power. They quietly steal off to a quiet spot and there pour out their souls to God in prayer that certain ones may not fail to A GOSPEL TEAM READY FOR A FOOTBALL GAME. (MR. DYER IS THIRD FROM THE RIGHT) make a decision for Christ on the morrow.

Sunday services may be dispensed with and the weak spots in their armour which they resolve to day spent in personal work. Everything points repair while there is yet time. A new vision of toward definite decisions and at the close of the Christ has been experienced and some have a new forenoon testimony meeting for the older chil- realization of what service really means. They dren, an invitation is given. In the evening there have experienced the joy of the reaper. After is another concert with its usual good fellowship such an experience nothing short of life-changing in which each item is given with a purpose. will satisfy one for a life work. While one member of the team, or one group is on the platform, the others sit with bowed heads, The church visited has also taken on new life. praying that the word spoken or sung may carry The pastor has seen over the edges of the high a message to some one in the audience. ruts into which he had fallen. The elders have had a vision of their duties and the Christians As the final invitation is given the members have found a new joy in their worship. Most of of the team scatter among the listeners, giving a all, the theological seminary is no longer a place quiet word of exhortation here and there. Usually for dry theorizing and dead orthodoxy, but it is a the effort is not without its reward and some- place where there is a pulsating, abundant life times the number who respond is so great that it that must be shared with those who have it not.

Our Missionary Hymns

Revision?

By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D., ..:( Princeton, New Jersey Editor of the Moslem World; Author of "Across the World of Islam," etc.

t – "FROM- GREENLAND'S ICY MOUNTAINsn T HERE are diversities of gifts but the same canon of St. Asaph in 1817 and soon after was ap- spirit. Some missionaries have been pio- pointed Bishop to Calcutta, as successor to the neer explorers, others bold apostles or flam- first Bishop, Dr. Middleton. Bishop Heber is ing evangelists; some have exercised gifts of heal- described as a brilliant scholar, a true poet, a ing, others of administration; some have been devoted parish clergyman, a fascinating persondistinguished scholars and linguists or translators ality, loved and admired by all who knew him. of the Scriptures. Reginald Heber (1783-1826) The Earl of Shaftsbury spoke in highest terms of became immortal through his missionary hymns, his character, saying: "No man ever equalled written both before and after he went out as Bishop Heber. His talents were of the most exthe second Anglican Bishop of Calcutta. Among quisite character. If he were not a Socrates, able his fifty-seven hymns, five are well-known in the to knock down by force of reasoning the most churches today: "Hosanna to the Living God"; stubborn opposers, he was like Orpheus, who led "Brightest and Best of the Sons of the Morning" ; even stones and trees by the enchantment of his "Holy, Holy, Holy"; "The Son of God goes Forth music." Bishop Heber was a warm supporter of to War"; and "From Greenland's Icy Mountains." the missionary societies of the Church of England Dr. Eugene Stock characterized the last of those and of the Bible Society. He made earnest efforts mentioned as the greatest of all missionary to unite the Church Missionary Society and the hymns. It has been very widely used and has Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, saying, been translated into the leading languages of "Why should there be two societies for the same Europe and of many on the mission fields. Is the precise object?" He actually formulated a plan of hymn, as some say, "too old-fashioned and con- union. ventional for present-day use"? One meets with strong prejudice against certain of its expres- Bishop Middleton had declined to license the sions, but closer study will reveal new elements of missionaries in Bengal or to ordain natives, alpower and beauty. though he learned to value their services, but Bishop Heber's policy was quite different. He Reginald Heber was born at Malpas, Chester, avoided friction with the civil authorities, made England, and at an early age began to write friends with the Baptist and Congregationalist poetry. At Oxford he produced a prize poem en- missionaries, and put the work of evangelization titled "Palestine." Later he traveled in Northern at the front. He sought to build up educational Europe and became rector of Hodnet in 1807. In institutions and to increase the number of mission 1815 he delivered the Bampton lectures, was made stations. But his excessive labors in a trying cli- [216] mate were brought to a sudden termination by In the revival of 1858 several converted sailors death from apoplexy at Trichinopoly on April 3, were on board the "North Carolina," a frigate of 1826, at the early age of forty. the U. S. Navy. When they compared nationalities Four years before his consecration as Bishop it was found that ten countries were represented.

he wrote his great missionary hymn under cir- One man said that he came from Greenland, cumstances that are most interesting. whereupon they spontaneously and heartily sang Dean Howson, in the Art Journal for June, the international stanzas of this old hymn.

1873, relates that Mr. Heber, then rector of Hod- When Dr. Alexander Duff returned from Cal- net, was visiting Dean Shirley, dean of 'St. Asaph cutta on his first furlough and thrilled large audi- and vicar of Wrexham, his father-in-law, just be- ences with his appeals for India, he closed a pow- fore Whit-Sunday, 1819. A royal letter had been erful address given before the Church Missionary issued, calling for missionary offerings in aid of Society with these words: the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, on "Oh, that the blessed era were greatly hastened! that particular day. Mr. Heber had gone to hear Oh, that the vision of that mitred minstrel who the dean preach and to take his share of the erewhile sung so sweetly of 'Greenland's icy Sunday evening lectures just established in that mountains' and 'India's coral strand' were speedchurch. On the Saturday previous, he was asked ily realized! that glorious vision wherein, rapt to prepare some verses to be sung at the close of into future times, he beheld the stream of Gospel the morning service. Sitting at the window of the blessings rise, and gush, and roll onward till it old vicarage, in a short time he produced this hymn-except the lines, "Waft, waft, ye winds, embraced every land and circled every shore- His story," which he wrote later. Only one change was made in the copy-"heathen" being put in- Till like a sea of glory, stead of "savage" nations. This was the first of It spread from pole to pole. modern missionary hymns that speaks imperatively to the conscience and at the same time with "Even so, Lord Jesus! come quickly: even so. persuasion and tenderness. It came as a trum- Amen." pet-call to duty. And then we are told that Duff sat down amid Not until 1823, when the hymn came to Ameri- a tempest of applause. can notice, did it receive the appropriate tune by Dr. Lowell Mason, now so familiar. The story of Does the hymn still appeal today? Or does it its composition reads like romance. need revision? Noone disputes that its language is chaste, its structure logical (once we grant the A lady residing in Savannah, Georgia, had in premises) and that it conforms in its imagery and some way become possessed of a copy of the rhythm to the laws of good hymnody. words, sent to this country from England. She was arrested by the beauty of the poetry and its The fact is that this hymn offers a concise possibilities as a hymn. But the meter of 7s, 6s, summary of the modern missionary enterprise as D., was almost new in this period; there was no conceived by the men who laid its foundations. tune which would fit the measure. She had been The first stanza proclaims the universality of the told of a young clerk in a bank, Lowell Mason by task; the second its necessity,. the third its name, just a few doors away down the street. It urgency,. the fourth its certainty of accomplishwas said that he had the gift for making beautiful ment. One could scarcely crowd an argument for songs. She sent her son to this genius in music, the basis, the aim, the motive and the goal of and in a half-hour's time he returned with this missions into smaller compass than we have in composition. Like the hymn it voices, it was done these four verses of eight lines each. at a stroke, but it will last through the years. An article recently appeared in the Christian An interesting passage in Heber's "Journal of Century deprecating "the slump in foreign misa Voyage to India" refers to the "spicy breezes" sions," and the writer gave reasons for decrease in that can be detected under certain circumstances, gifts and candidates. His diagnosis was masterly. thirty or forty miles from Ceylon. He said the churches today have lost the sense of Christ's supremacy and the unique character of His message. He is looked upon by many as only one among many saviours. Men have lost the sense of urgency; no longer do men worry to save Whatever may be true of odors wafted by lost souls or to evangelize the world in one gener- breezes from Ceylon seaward, there is no doubt ation. They have lost the sense of Christ's suffi- that the odor of the sweet ointment of this mis- ciency; there is no longer the calm assurance that sionary hymn poured out for Christ has been He alone can meet all of humanity's needs and wafted as a witness to all the world for over a aspirations.

century. It has been an inspiration to missionary If this be true of some of our churches and some gatherings held in many tongues. of our pulpits, then Bishop Heber's hymn comes

as a challenge. Chains of error still bind men and "Perhaps one of the most illuminating ways to women and little children in Africa and India. Lady Simons' recent book on "Slavery" and Kath- study idolatry sympathetically and scientifically is erine Mayo's "Volume Two" on child-marriage in India, make one ashamed of humanity. Along to watch what is done with a broken idol. The many an ancient river and in many a palmy plain superficial observer or the globe-trotter often THE RIGHT REV. REGINALD HEBER. D. D.. BISHOP OF CALCUTTA says: 'The Indians only think of their idols as there are still seen the horrors of heathenism and photographs of the divine, and they mean to them there are those who call us to deliver them from age-long error and darkness. exactly what the Sistine Madonna does to us.' If such an one really desires to learn whether an It was not the intention of Bishop Heber to assert that the inhabitants of Ceylon were sinners idol be only a photograph, let him watch what is vile above other men, but to point out, by one example of conditions in his day, the need for a done if a linga be broken. We have seen that it Saviour from sin in all its terrible forms in all the world and the tragedy of spiritual blindness cannot be repaired or mended, but must be rein the worship of the creature rather than the moved, and no man, Brahman, mason, or low- Creator-whether on the Gold-coast of Chicago or of West Africa- caste, dare enter into the inner shrine and lay Bows down to wood and stone. hands on a broken linga. "

There is no more sympathetic and truthful de- "When finally a sacred bull, by means of a gold scription of Hinduism extant than "The Rites of the Twice-born" by Mrs. J. St. Clair Stevenson or silver wire, has drawn the broken idol out (1920). It gives the detailed life-story of a Brahman from birth and babyhood to death and of the temple, it can be touched; so then the the funeral pyre. In the chapter on temple worship she writes: Brahmans take it, pack it up most carefully with sweets or sugar, and some high-caste gentleman, carrying it in his hand, drives or goes by rail to the sea. There he goes out in a boat and drops the parcel containing the linga into deep water."

Mrs. Stevenson alludes to the resulting Sakti- worship. "So widely spread is this sect that no book on modern Brahmanism would be complete which did not refer to it. For the sake of truth it may even be the terrible and austere duty of some one to investigate it but the present writer confesses herself unable to sully either her pages or her memory with further details."

"Can we whose souls are lighted with wisdom from on high" continue to discus-s the spiritual values of higher Hinduism and deny to the masses of India the lamp of life? If we no longer feel the urgency of our message it is because we have lost the overwhelming sense of its necessity. He who knows what salvation is for himself must share the good news.

Salvation! 0 Salvation! The joyful sound proclaim Till earth's remotest nation Has learned Messiah's name.

There is no substitute for the missionary pas- sion. To revive the spirit of evangelism, to restore the note of immediacy, to convince the world that we have a message sufficient for all men, every- where and always, we must go back to the Gospel as proclaimed by the apostles: "Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures and rose again."

Waft, waft, ye winds, His story, And you, ye waters, roll, Till like a sea of glory It spreads from pole to pole.

This missionary hymn does not need revlsIOn. It needs reiteration and revival. Mrica and India and we ourselves still need the old Gospel.

Untouchables by Whom

Touch India* By REV. WARREN H. WILSON, D. D., New York Secretary of the International Association of Agricultural )::.. Missions and a Member of the Mass Movement Survey Commission for India I T may be well to state what the mass-move- mands put a severe strain upon the missionaries ment in India is. From about 1880 to 1900 and tested the resources of the missions, which many converts came to the missions in India had not the facilities nor the experience needed from the outcaste or depressed classes. These to train so many illiterate and degraded people.

are of castes below the estima- It was not an attractive.task, tion of Hindus, but within the yet the missionaries have gone Hindu religion, who inherit at In India a population nearly about it bravely, and I am told birth the doing of menial and one-half the population of the t hat three-fourths of the degrading tasks in the villages United States is considered Christians in India are drawn of India. They are untoucha- "untouchable" by the various from this level of Indian socible; and in South India they castes. They are condemned ety.

are unapproachable. S 0 m e by birth to poverty and the The Survey Commission, en- come from aboriginal tribes most menial tasks. The Hin- gaged in the work of prepar- whom the Hindus and Moham- du religion and social system ing information that will be medans have oppressed. They offers them no escape except made available to all missions, sought Christian baptism, in t'hrough death. Christianity visited about two hundred vil- many cases confessedly, be- alone has offered them life lages in selected sample areas.

cause of its justice to the op- and hope. Multitudes have We interviewed about 11500 pressed, and for social and eco- sought this way out. What heads of families, making rec- nomic advantage. ,has been the result? What ords of their economic, social, They were not sought out by are the failures and the suc- educational arid religious expe- the missionaries in any way cesses recorded in Christian riences. There are said to be commensurate to the numbers missions? Dr. Wilson, who forty to sixty millions of these converted. They came of them- has recently returned from depressed classes in India.

selves. Many missionaries are inspecting many of these out- They usually live, at least in still in doubt as to their real caste communities, reports North India, on the hottest'- conversion and are still slow vividly what he has seen and and least desirable margin of to expect anything good from what he considers the next the village, outside the wall, in such wholesale "conversion." steps for their elevation and mud-houses, possess a few bul- The untouchables not only con- christianization. locks or buffaloes, some chick- fessed that they sought mate- ens, pigs and a few tools.

rial and social benefits, but Some of them pOssess a little they also demanded that the missionaries baptize land. All are forth-putting in business and are all the members of their families and all the fam- beginning to accumulate rupees. But their status ilies of their status in their villages. These de- is little changed, so far as we could observe, by reason of their conversion to Christianity. They • An address at the Twelfth Anniversary of the Association of Agri- still have the cleaning of the sewage refuse from the houses, sweeping the streets, carrying mescultural Missions. The Mass-Movement Survey. to assist in which sages and doing other menial services at birth and death, which are accounted unclean. Dr. Wilson was called to India. was one of three systematic studies On the other hand, these outcastes are secure made last year. The report is being prepared by Dr. J. W. Pickett. against hunger. They are paid in clothing and the director of the survey. It will be published by the National Chris- tian Council of India. The Institute of Social and Religious Research . has had much to do with all these studies which are an expression of the critical and intellectual spirit which desires to know the truth and to act upon experience. W. H. W.

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food, and within their social degradation they are The mission colleges are a problem by them- protected by Indian society, as others are pro- selves and their stateis to be found described in the tected who perform an office and fulfill their part. report of the Commission on Higher Education.

Their families are usually small; and in spite of Dr. Lindsay's statement confirms my observation all that has been said in some recent books, few that the colleges are doing nothing extensive for children are born to them. They have found some the untouchables who make up so vast a majority way of adjustment to the over-population of the of the Indian Christians. Medical service shows land that would surprise some. Their families are up better; though here also the larger hospitals just large enough to continue the stock without are used for the most part by the better educated increasing the "pressure on the land." classes, and by the wealthy whose fees and contri- I was surprised at finding these people neither butions help to support them. Agricultural mis- brutalized nor miserable. Their features are like sions come nearer to the depressed classes. The our own. Poor as they are, they show in their larger stations, like that at Allahabad under Dr.

faces none of the bleak and sodden hopelessness Sam Higginbottom, are so costly and thorough in of the British and American paupers. Bitterness their operation that they render a service to the we did not encounter, nor beggary in the villages. wealthy landowners that the poor ryot might These Christians, the first such converts in India, envy; yet they too are helping the poorer farmers.

ask no rice. They feed and clothe themselves; The smaller units in agriculture, such as Slater's and in the better missions they even support their poultry-and-goat enterprise at Etah, and Go- pastors. In a few places they contribute to the heen's farm at Sangli, come nearer to the common support of their village teachers and even to the people. As in medical service the great hospitals salaries of their administrators. Their women justify the existence of the smaller dispensaries, are subordinated; but working in the fields as so in agriculture the larger units teach and digni- they do, and freely going about the mohallas in fy the small. It is different in the case of the col- which are their houses, they exhibit a wholesome leges, which have become isolated from the' mis- and comely vigor. I never witnessed an immod- sionary enterprise.

est act of a woman while I was in India. There remains for the depressed classes only It may be well to mention what the churches the pastorate, with its attendant parochial school. India needs manses and school houses for the are doing in discipline and enrichment of the lives training of the villagers who have come in so of these unwanted Christians. There is one great numbers into the churches. Some missions broad distinction between the American and have not learned this distinction and most of those European missions. The Americans excel in in- which have not so learned are American missions. stitutions, the Europeans in pastorates. The for- The reason is that one I have given, that the mer like something big, whether it is a motor- Americans do not value the pastorate as the Euromechanic-school or a hospital, and theirs it is to peans do. The local parish is an European inhersupply colleges-except in the biggest cities where itance that has been derived from established the colleges are Scotch. The Europeans believe in churches. The governments of Europe generally the resident minister and teacher; they count not established parsons in villages and open country themselves to have arrived until there is a pastor places as representatives of government, and the living in the village, with a catechist near at Free churches that have derived their forms from hand, bringing to the problem the reinforcement that establishment carryon the same tradition. of personal influence to complete that of the The result seems to be that our American religispoken word. The root of this difference may be ous groups have, as a rule, a poorer record in servin the greater satisfaction the Europeans seem to ing the poor, and the Europeans do better in this have in the worship of God; and the greater be- respect. The only agency we discovered in India lief on the part of Americans in something utili- doing satisfactory work for the untouchables was tarian. European missions usually organize a village resident pastorate, reinforced by a their work about a church, and the American teacher who was also a village resident. about a station composed of school, dispensary, mission bungalows and church. The Europeans go to the village as the goal; Americans progress The Bishop of Dornakal, an Indian of the An- as far as a mission-station and send their or- glican Church, claims that in his diocese there are dained Indian ministers into the villages, to re- a thousand villages in which there is worship of turn home at night to the compound. There are God every night. What we saw supports the exceptions-notably the American United Pres- statement. The London Congregationalists in byterians who are promoting village pastorates; Travancore maintain resident village pastors and but this statement covers the work which I saw teachers, supported by their people in the village in traveling 22,000 miles in India. in which they live. This mission will not ordain

THE UNTOUCHABLES BY WHOM WE TOUCH INDIA

any minister until he has a village church that will be financially supported by the government."

support him. Meantime, although the British Government has The best example of this type of work we en- been wisely attentive to the needs of the people countered was at Govindpur in the Ranchi Dis- on the land, it has made efforts to develop such in- trict, where an Aboriginal Tribe, persecuted and dustries, and in these efforts has almost impover- exploited for centuries by Hindus, has been evan- ished the village artisan. Yet the Indian work- gelized, in the first instance by German Lutherans. man prefers his village and his bench, and his Their converts still wear the scanty garb without work in steel or leather, silver or gold, alongside hats, without shoes, and except on Sundays, the the village bazaar, rather than to live in a city men and most of the women wear no garments and to work in a factory. So far as artisans sur- above the waist. They support their pastors and vive in the Indian villages, they represent the cre- help to sustain village catechists as well as their ative artistic passion, which in India is as old as president and secretary. For it is an autonomous civilization, in a fight against the industrial ten- church. dencies of Great Britain and in competition with "The Pressure on the Land" the westernized mind of educated India.

The one fact which explains most completely The one impression therefore that I bring you the situation in India is called "the pressure of from India is of the vast agricultural people, not the people on the land." India is an area of moun- in our sense reluctantly tilling the soil until they tain, desert and fertile river valley about the size can get a white collar job or a wage in some city, of Europe without Russia, or about the size of our but contentedly and passively preferring the vil- Mississippi Valley with New England added. It lage in the face of all westernizing influences and is populated by two and one-half times as many every seeming advantage. Most visitors to India people as live in the United States and in sixty do not realize that it is an agricultural country, years the population has increased by 45.6%. and few are confronted with the agrarian passion These people are rural, dwelling in over 500,000 of the people. This is my testimony, living as I villages-nobody knows how many-some of them did in the villages of India, that their appetite for going to the few great cities for a job, but most the soil and for their labor in the fields is a pasof them coming home to live in the village. The sion for which we have no language in our West- Indian is not persuaded of the advantages of city ern vocabulary of emotion. We have assumed that life. He loves the village and the little town. I all kinds of people desire to be industrialized. Inam told that two-thirds of the population of Cal- dia is a denial of this assumption, and until our cutta and Bombay are transients and only five social wisdom is better, and our social vocabulary and one-half per cent of the whole population of is larger, we will not be able to express to our- India is industrialized. The powerful influence selves the agricultural appetite of the 351 million and example of Great Britain has made America people of India.

an industrial nation willing to see her farms aban- Now the people of India have their methods of doned and helpless at the sight of agriculture im- rationing this population. The first of these poverished. But England's example has not methods is caste. We have heard of caste on other changed the agricultural preference of India. In occasions. It is abhorrent to our Western minds. spite of tariffs and tax adjustments, made during Let me present caste as a method of living on the 100 years by the British Government in the inter- land and a method of rationing dwellers on the est of the factories of England and later in the in- land. Caste is the organization of society by terest of the factories of Bombay, Ahmedabad, which they all get food. Let no American or and Calcutta, the peasant of India works for European scorn these methods of organization wages reluctantly and soon returns to his village until he has pondered the fact that there is no and his home. He prefers to drive his ox rather breadline in India, though there are bad times there. There is no poorhouse, no almshouse, no than be driven by a foreman. soup kitchen, except when famine comes, and no Strange to say, even the efforts of government general method of treatment of the ailing by asy- lums. But the poor and the hungry live the family cannot establish many industries in India. Mr. life and live it at home, and they do not starve, Garratt in "An Indian Commentary" tells the story of the Tatanagar Works at Jamshedpur which were located at a point favorable for the se- except in times of general catastrophes or calamicuring of raw materials. They have the vast labor ties.

supplies of India at their disposal. The govern- The second method is the joint-family system ment has favored them in tariffs and bounties and by which when a man, who goes to the city for a by the purchase of their product. But after job, is out of a job, he can come home and live with twenty years the Tatanagar Works "still needs to his family; and that family is organized after a

manner of which we are incapable. Grandparents, traders, brokers and speculators, by any system of and parents, and children live together. The sons' direct exchange, we could make it possible for our wives are under the dominion of the grandmother land to support a much greater population with- and the children hardly know which is their own out the scandal of unemployment.

mother among the parents of the household, eat- Debt and the Poor Man ing as they do of the rice that is cooked on the Moreover the debt situation in India which is one fire and living on the one estate. All I have to so generally deplored should, I believe, be looked say about that system is that it works. at from the poor man's point of view. The In- The third method of life in India that helps the dian peasant who borrows must not be regarded as a sheer fool. The money lenders are not the people to have their food is the village system by which caste and the joint-family are permitted to only cunning men in India. The peasant who bor- rows has often no intention of repaying until he organize the vast multitudes of India in their re- is compelled. He is the only man in India who lation to the soil with mutual production. Not gets prompt service under the inflexible and rigid in any spirit of benevolence, but by tradition, the people live together in these villages. They are described as "a human organization whose pur- credit system of that country. His wants are atpose is the exploitation of the soil, with a view to tended to. He gets money when he needs it. He pays it back when he is compelled. It is true that ensuring a livelihood for the community." since the Indian peasant is a bad risk he pays a A System Akin to Slavery high rate of interest. The principal comes back I found in India also certain modifications of to the lender in the form of excessive interest.

the economic liberty of the individual which were But it seems to me that we should look upon it abhorrent to missionaries and officials. They seem from the point of view of the Indian peasant, and to be, and they are, forms like unto slavery. I not of the American economist or reformer.

mention them only because they seem to be meth- Mr. Gandhi has said that "when you think of ods by which the population is rationed. The the poor you should think with a poor man's "Kamia System" prevails in parts of India. Un- mind." I have attempted therefore to mention der this system a man can sell himself to a credi- those methods of Indian village life which seem tor who loans him even a small amount of money, to me to be adjustments to the pressure of the and the debt may be continued even into his son's people on the land. They have a certain use, at life in the next generation, while the debtor is put least in rationing the population and distributing in a servile relation to the creditor. The courts to each one those essentials of life which are need- have been unable to extinguish this system of ed by us all, namely, food, shelter, and clothing.

near-slavery. I mention it only because its pur- Having these the Indian peasant is all too content.

pose is to secure bread and shelter; since it works It is a cause of grief to the European observer and continues, it should first be inspected before that he does not seem to desire to increase his the attempt is made to abolish it. standard of living.

In the Ganges Valley we found the "Jajmani This system was of interest to me because of System" by which certain families of outcastes, or its efficiency in distribution of the products of the untouchables, were subjected to other families soil among a vast and steadily increasing popula- more respectable and elevated. But by this sys- tion, upon a soil that can be increased only within tem these untouchable families are fed, housed narrow limits.

and clothed. For all its subordination and its like- The Government of India is a government that ness to serfdom, it is a social relation that has a considers the poor. Being ourselves a young coun- money value, and the untouchable family can sell try we in America have not risen to that height.

fora price the right to serve their superiors. Fur- Our government considers the well-to-do, or at thermore, we discovered that those untouchable least the upper middle class. Its economic doc- and depressed outclassed households were by this trine is the preservation of prosperity. Not so method protected against want and hunger. the Government of India. Machinery has been Throughout India we also found that the people perfected by that government, through a century of the villages are protected against the encroach- and a half of experimentation, to a perfection that ments of the trader class by a system of local in this century has practically abolished famine markets. In the Ranchi District these markets and has greatly reduced the death rate by certain are out under the trees near the village, and to diseases. The increase in the population of India them the villagers walk, carrying their products is partly a result of these activities I am about to from one to five miles, trading with one another describe. Briefly speaking, the government's pol- without the intervention of a merchant class. If icy of farm relief is a response to the reports made we in America could eliminate the middleman, by every District Magistrate to his superiors.

THE UNTOUCHABLES BY WHOM WE TOUCH INDIA

When these reports give notice of scarcity in a we do not know about. For years John Goheen section described, the attention of the whole gov- has been the president of his mission at Sangli ernment is turned in that direction. If later the and you never hear of him. The work of E. E.

responsible officer, that is, the collector in that dis- Slater at Etah is mainly bestowed upon the devel- trict, reports want, then a technical ministry of opment of poultry, and now of goats, for the im- the government proceeds to lighten taxation, mak- provement of the diet of the villagers in the Gan- ing a particular kind of loan, alert to prevent what ges Valley. You have probably never heard of may follow. Slater's work, but he also has been for years the If famine follows, the third descent toward hun- president of his mission. Now the Government ger, the Government acts at once; a state of fam- has approved of a grant for an enterprise of his ine is declared, the Government suspends taxes, that will set him forward for five years in his plans releases people from other obligations, issues loans for the physical and economic prosperity of these where necessary, and Jllldertakes to employ and to villages. I could speak at length about these agri- feed the population in the territory described. cultural enterprises which I have seen and of Famine used to be the gaunt spectre of India, ac- which I have heard. The passion for the land companying war and disease. Thus it desolated among the Indian peasantry makes agricultural the land and kept the population down. Now al- missions easy, so that it is no exaggeration to say though by the nature of the country and the im- that the teaching of agriculture in India is better mensity of the population there is famine some- than it is in America.

where every year, the range of it is limited, and India is a land in which prosperity is evident. its effects upon the people are forestalled by a wise It is not the prosperity of lip-stick, silk stockings, Government. India is a land in which not only radios and automobiles that are "put across" by is the instinctive and traditional life of the people high pressure salesmen. India does not welcome organized for living upon the soil, but also where the salesman of that kind, and does not much dethe attention of the Government is mainly direct- sire the uniform product. But the Indian peasant ed toward the same end. is traveling; the trains are crammed with white- clad and white-turbaned figures. The railroad In that spirit the Government has promoted co- stations are the centers of enthusiastic throngs operative organization for rural credit, and for of trippers. Motor lorries are filled to the roof certain other agricultural processes with some with bright and alert villagers going from place success. I am not one to believe that cooperation to place. The people today dress better, I am told; can be promoted by either a government agency they are buying the manufactured products of Inor by a religious agency as well as by the people dia and of Europe in increasing amounts. They themselves. But one must admit that in India the are lighting their houses with kerosene, and their Government and certain of the missions have had cities and towns in an increasing degree with eleca record of success. Agricultural science, both in tricity. The very unrest of India is evidence, to experiment and in teaching, is an agency of the the social philosopher, of minds released from the Government. Vast irrigation projects have been fear of hunger to yearn after greater liberties. used to extend the arable areas, some of which ex- India prefers prosperity, not as an attainment of ceed the magnitude of the Suez Canal, and one social elevation, but as promise of enjoyment in alone will water an area as great as the irrigated feasts, in clothing, in more abundant food and in area of Egypt. Last of all the Government has travel. The Indians are the original "ultimate attempted by industrialization to elevate the consumers" and their prosperity is evidenced, not standard of living of the people of India.

Some Agricultural Missions in building bigger factories, but in using the goods. The Indian does not attempt to reach a Now I went to India intending to spend my higher level of economic expenditure when money comes to him, but he attempts to enjoy his money spare time in the study of agricultural missions, at once in feasts, garments and in the showy enand found that the great work of Sam Higginbot- joyable experiences of a glad consumer. tom has been more successful than even Sam himself has reported. His enterprise at Allahabad ought to be pictured and celebrated by a more elo- But this prosperity lifts the lid of the kettle quent pen. His success in building soil and creat- of fears and fills the house with the steam of as- ing orchards, and his attainment in teaching agri- piration. To change the figure a little, it opens culture, are far beyond anything we have real- the throttle of the boiler and permits the steam ized. An Englishman, well informed, once said to power to go out to the engineering of all human me that Sam Higginbottom is the greatest mis- dreams. India has always been a land of abstrac- sionary in India. But I was even more interested tions and aspirations, expressed in schemes and in other agricultural projects of a modest sort that idealized performance. Now with just enough

prosperity, widely distributed among the poor, the But the amazing thing I found in our mission people of India want what they never wanted be- work is that, in spite of the great number of fore. women missionaries, nothing adequate is done for The first thing they want is justice, equality. the Indian woman as a woman, a wife, a mother No, it is not the first. What the people want first and a citizen. In a few places obstetrical work is of all is land. One is saluted by beggars, not in being done for her in the experience of child- the villages, but in the seaports and at the rail- birth. There is medical work by women for road stations. In villages they did not ask for women which cannot be too highly praised.

money or for bread, but they did many times ask Zenana mission work is organized in sections for land. That is the first aspiration of India. where purdah confines the woman to the house.

Indeed land is the first pledge to justice and equal- But the women of India are not adequately ap- ity. But the lawyers of India and the pedagogues proached as such by the women of America.

are the two largest educated groups. They want Christianity has done much for women in Amer- justice. They have read about European systems ica. The Gospel has been laid hold of by our that match the dreams of the Indian philosopher American women in the past fifty years and be- with reality. They have a hunger for equality cause of its teachings great organizations have which the peasants express in saying "give us been formed in our American churches, the most land." The townsmen and the lawyers, and the powerful, the most administrative and the most college professor express it in saying, "give us enjoyable, by which women do missionary work independence, Dominion status or freedom from at home and abroad. It is a great feminist or- England." ganization, but none of it gets into the experience What India Wants of our missionaries abroad. The first satisfaction of the hunger of India will, I think, be a move- But the desires of India are not expressed by ment by American women to advance the mind her lawyers or her pedagogues. Their education and spirit of Indian women living in the jointis European and therefore their social hunger is family system so that they may become more in- European. What India wants is what a poor man telligent wives, and mothers, and citizens. desires. If I may interpret the hungers of India from their organization to which they have ad- To this end our own education, and the present hered, from their joint-family system, from the system of education in the Indian schools and colclustering in villages from which they have shown leges are equally unfitted. Some harm is done by no departure, from the tenacity with which they mission schools in so influencing the minds of live in the same section after decades of railroad their young women graduates that they never organization, after a century of good roads, and a marry. A sterilizing operation is performed on century and a half of good government, I would their mind that prevents them from having a say that the hunger of India is first of all for a home or children. What we need is an underhome, a habitat for the joint-family, with land as standing of women by women in terms of the life its basis. The Government's effort to supply In- they must live. The source of it will be found dia's need has been, I suppose, the greatest colon- very largely in our poetry and our fiction, in which ial project in human history. But there is right the woman at home in America and in Western here an unsatisfied want of India which the Gov- Europe has been understood-her fortitude, her ernment can never satisfy. The Indian wants a gentleness and her dynamic power through her home, a family life, a habitat for his joint-family husband, her children and her neighbors. The organization by which he is fed, and housed, and mission to the home in India cannot be accomclothed. The satisfaction of his want will be given plished by those who condescend. It requires the him in the training of the women of India. preparation of women, before they go out from Christian lands, in the history and the nature of Everywhere throughout India the woman is the family life, for which few of our universities are chief expression of the hunger of India. Do not now equipped. think that all the Indian women are either brow- beaten or enslaved. They are wholesome looking The Indian also has hunger for beasts; he loves creatures, showing none of the scars of the de- his ox and his buffalo. He is said to worship the plorable degradation one so often hears about. If cow. I cannot endorse the worship of the cow, she is browbeaten or degraded she does not often but I can justify the feelings of the illiterate who, show it. She is in a subordinate· position, but with his ancestor before him for a thousand years, subordination is universal in the Indian social has lived with his hand on the hairy hide of the life. The women are recognized by all writers as bullock or the grotesque head of the buffalo, and a great obstacle to progress, to justice, and to who thinks of them with religious gratitude. We Christianity. must not lightly turn away from their feelings.

THE UNTOUCHABLES BY WHOM WE TOUCH INDIA

But the greatest hunger of India is to be free of Scripture committed to memory, seemed to me from fears. The Indian peasant wants to stand the best attainment in India.

up and look his fellows in the face. This simple n is a strange thing to read the words of this change of posture is the most complicated thing in Hindu lawyer giving high praise to missionaries the world. I have been reading the story of the of the Cross of Christ, and saying that they Mundas and the Uraons, aboriginal tribes with brought to these persecuted Mundas and Uraons whom I spent the months of March and April last manly independence and moral dignity. That year. They have been persecuted, exploited, seems to me to be the highest tribute to be paid robbed and oppressed by Hindu masters. These the Christian religion as to its ability to satisfy parasites have pursued them out of the Ganges the hunger of a great people. These aboriginal Valley and up into the higher mountain lands, into tribes build no colleges, establish no hospitals; the deep jungles, where the Mundas and Uraons they have provided the people only with the have cleared the soil with unbelievable labor and preaching of the Christian Gospel and the minis- have built their homes. One remote place after try of Christian pastors living in the villages.

another has been conquered by their heroic toil The hunger of India calls for very much that we and now the jungles have been cleared and made cannot give, but the one offering we can make is habitable. For centuries they had no protection acceptable to the very heart of India, namely, except to fly at their oppressors and burn their teaching moral dignity to the women in the homes houses, kill their wives and children, supposing and to the men in the villages. This is a by- that by terror they might secure some release. product of Christian teaching. The purpose of The courts and the laws of the British Govern- the Gospel is to bring men to worship God, but ment when Britain became the ruler of India were this by-product in the present need of India is ineffective, according to Mr. Roy, the lawyer who most precious.

has written the story of the Mundas. But he pays For the satisfaction of the Nationalist spirit of tribute to the Christian missionary who brought India, however, we have much to give. An Indian to these persecuted Mundas and Uraons the Word prince in New York recently asked Americans to of God, lived by resident missionaries, and exem- give India agriculture and medical missions. With plified in the lives of German, English and Bel- the growing spirit of national independence India gian Christian ministers. will accept the education we can give, the agricul- This Hindu writer pays a surprising tribute to ture and the medicine. These the churches are "their conversion-and the consequent growth of eager to convey to the peoples of India, and the manly independence among them." He says: "In growing spirit of India will accept those gifts as Mundari and Uraon villages of the Ranchi Dis- gladly as we give them. But my conviction is, trict, the most careless observer can tell the house after this period of service and observation in of a Christian convert of some year's standing India, that the greatest offering we can give is the from that of his non-Christian fellow tribesmen by resident pastor living with the people. I well the greater cleanliness of the Christian's house know that our American missions differ from the and the general neatness and orderliness of every- European in the low esteem we place upon the thing about it." Elsewhere he asserts that Chris- work of the ordained Christian minister. Ameri- tian missions have given, what British laws and cans delight to see a vast hospital with the Cross courts could not furnish, namely, moral dignity to over its door. Europeans are not so sure that re- the oppressed folk. Among the Mundas and ligion can express itself as well in a hospital as in Uraons the Germans have maintained no hospi- a house of worship. Americans delight in a so- tals. Their leaders deplore their lack of a college called Christian college. Europeans probably for the higher education of leaders, being, I sup- have long distrusted the connection between the pose, unaware that the Christian colleges fail to Christian religion and secular education. We are educate the children of villagers. But they have only beginning to feel that distrust. But the Euro- pastors living in villages where their churches pean carries his interest in religion clear through are located, and catechists in the villages in which to its expression in the congregation and the pastheir people live. In this they are like the other tor. They believe in bishops who are also pastors European missions I have mentioned. In this at l.arge. But religion is adequately expressed penetration to the villages with the Gospel, not to an European only in the congregation and only spoken, but lived, by trained and ordained the pastor. All our mission work ought to be men, they exemplify the highest attainment of the reorganized so that the offerings of America Christian Gospel, among an oppressed and ex- should be in· proper balance, and the center of equilibrium must be the pastor living with his ploited people. Their services of worship, elabor- people. And we should send women trained for . ate in ritual, noble in music, and abundant in use teaching the home-dwelling woman in villages. By the REV. J. HARRY COTTON, D. D., Columbus, Ohio Joseph Cook Lecturer on India for 1931·32 M y present visit to India has made increas- gelism. They especially attack the use of hospi- ingly clear to me the fact that Christian- tals and educational services as opportunities to ity can make no peace with Hinduism. win disciples to Jesus Christ. It is possible that No honest visitor can deny the excellent things in there have been breaches of good taste in the Hindu philosophy and practice. :6ut we went to matter of trying to convert sick people. But it is Benares. There we saw the crudity, the filth, the as true that the fundamental reason for all this superstition and the pathos of Indian faith. The opposition to proselytism is the fear that the golden temple, the most sacred temple of Benares, Christians are growing too rapidly in numbers was crowded with visitors coming from the for the comfort of Hinduism. Part of this fear is Ganges where they had bathed .and prepared to political as in the case of the Hindu Mahasahba.

make their offerings. Within the temple was no This organization is pledged to win back to Hin- image of any god, but only the phallic symbol, duism as many of its former adherents as pos- so constantly seen in Indian temples. sible, simply to strengthen the Hindu political A few days later we sat on the steps of a clean, position. Tremendous pressure was brought chaste little temple on the banks of one of the against Christians during this past census to get rivers into which the Ganges breaks up before it them to declare themselves Hindus, whatever pours itself into the Bay of Bengal. We sat, their belief.

watching the river flow by, and talked for two A great center of missionary work that we hours with a monk of the Ramakrishna mission were privileged to visit is Allahabad. It is one on the things of the spirit. I was impressed by of the holiest cities of India, for it is here that his ideals of oneness with God, peace of spirit the Jumna and the Ganges rivers join. If one is and absence of injury. But when I mentioned to believe the Indian traditions, a third river what I had seen in Benares and told of the multi- comes out of the ground and joins the two. Here tudes who were washing there to have their sins at the great feast, or Mela, in January over a removed, he could take no exception. It was their million pilgrims gather each year and bathe in faith, he said, they could find peace through those the mingling of the waters. Here in the midst rites. In a later incarnation they might be born of Hinduism, the Presbyterian mission is conduct- into higher insight. ing a great work. Across the Jumna River from It is this easy-going acquiescence with things the city is the wonderful Agricultural Institute as they are that so thoroughly condemns Hindu- of Dr. Bam Higginbottom. Here the Christian ism. With this attitude the Gospel of Christ, Gospel seeks to bring to India the abundant life.

with its urgent Gospel of redemption, can make Here are experiments in cattle-breeding, with milk no peace. carefully weighed and tested for each separate On the other hand I have been impressed with cow, food weighed and varied in experiment, the the eager reception that students give to the whole thing done most scientifically. Here are Christian message in India. In Lahore I was in- two agricultural schools, one for men of college vited by the principal to speak in the Sanatan standing, doing advanced and scientific work, and Dharma College one noon. The classes were dis- one for young men from the mass movement missed and over 400 students gathered under the areas who, lacking education, are yet permitted trees. Here they sat on the ground or stood and to learn by practice the principle of sound farm- listened for almost an hour to a lecture on Chris- ing.

tian faith. And this is one of the most orthodox If the Indian village can be put on a sounder of Hindu colleges. economic basis and the frightful poverty allevi- It is equally true that many Hindu thinkers and ated, even in a slight way, it will be the first step leaders are today opposing what they call prose- to advance along many lines cultural, sanitary lytism and what the Christian church calls evan- and domestic, as well as religious.

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Christ's Method of

..:( By DR. SAM HIGGINBOTTOM Allahabad. India T o the thoughtful, devout Christian who is the world and preach the Gospel to every creature seeking to know and to do God's will in … cast out demons … and lay hands on the spreading the good news of Salvation sick." (Mark 16 :15-18.) According to Matththrough Jesus Christ, our Lord, there arise ques- ew's record He sent forth His disciples to "teach tionings. The progress of winning the world to all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Christ seems very slow. There is so much ef- Father, and of the Son and the Holy Ghost, teachfort and with so little apparent result. Chris- ing them to observe all things whatsoever I have tians do not question the adequacy of the Lord commanded you." (Matthew 28 :19-20.) Jesus to save to the uttermost all who come to Him in faith. They believe that the power is We are on safe ground, therefore, when we there; why then can we not more completely ex- urge preaching as an important and essential perience that in carrying that saving knowledge method in the spreading of the Gospel. But is to every creature'? preaching alone sufficient'? May we expect the world to come to a saving knowledge of the Lord In all cases of doubt and questionings our re- Jesus through preaching alone? sort is to the Word of God. Let us then, in all reverence, see what light His Word will throw I believe that the Lord Jesus sets forth that on these questions that may help us in our great more than preaching is necessary. The Gospel, task. We assume that those who bear the ves- as revealed by its Author, has three forms of acsels of the Lord are clean, that they have experi- tivity, all of which He used. They are like a enced the new birth, that they are consecrated, rope with three strands-Preaching, Healing, that they purpose to do the will of God as they Teaching. understand it. To PREACH is to proclaim as a herald, to trum- Is the method that we use today to spread the pet, to inspire to action. Gospel the same that our Lord gave us, both by specific command and by example'? Do we put To HEAL means to restore to health, both body the emphasis where He put it'? Do we preserve and mind; to cure disease, both of body and mind; the balance between the different ways of spread- to make whole or healthy; to cast out evil ing the Gospel that He exemplified in His own spirits. ministry? To TEACH means to instruct, to cause to learn. Jesus Christ announced His program for His There is in teaching the idea of repetition, of conown ministry in the synagogue at Nazareth tinuing till the truth be grasped by the learner. (Luke 4 :18-19). "The Spirit of the Lord is upon me because he hath anointed me to preach The Gospels clearly distinguish between the Gospel to the poor; He hath sent me to heal preaching and teaching and healing. We do well the broken hearted, to preach deliverance to the to follow the lead of the Gospels. "Jesus began captives and recovering of sight to the blind, to to preach." (Matt. 4:17.) "Jesus went about set at liberty them that are bruised, to preach all Galilee teaching in their synagogues and the acceptable year of the Lord." preaching the Gospel of the Kingdom, and heal- ing all manner of sickness and all manner of dis- Preaching takes first place in this program; ease among the people." (Matt. 4 :23 and 9 :35.) but not to the exclusion of healing the affiicted and delivering the oppressed. We note that The word preach and its derivatives is used Jesus spent much of his time in preaching. thirty-one times in the Gospels. Christ gave the (Matt. 4:17; Matt. 11:1; Mark 1:38.) command to preach always in conjunction with coordinate commands to heal and to teach. He Jesus himself preached and he appointed and preached, He healed, He taught, as a harmonious sent forth His disciples to preach, and also gave blending. It is unthinkable that He would spend them power to heal the sick, and to cast out de- this time doing the less important-when the mons. (Mark 3 :14-115; Matt. 10 :7, 8.) more important was to be done.

Our Lord's final word to His disciples after His The word ·"teach" and its derivatives is used crucifixion and resurrection was to "go into all forty times in the Gospels.

Our Lord was fully occupied with praying prec- edent to preaching, teaching, healing and attend- [227]

ing weddings, dinners, funerals and other social ample, not only of our Lord, but of the most suc- functions. cessful foreign missionary the Church has ever When Jesus was on earth there were in the known? We have no record that our Lord Jesus synagogue regular religious services for worship ever rescinded or abrogated His commands to daily as well as on the Sabbath, and there was in preach, to heal, to teach what He taught.

addition a day school held in the synagogue. This If this is true, then by what authority do we was where Jesus received His secular education. neglect them? Should we not obey Him fully?

His love for the children was probably fostered In December, 1903, I attended a Christian Stuby contact with them in these schools. dents' Conference at Etawah at which was a num- ber of recent Indian converts. I asked each one Jesus was evidently a good speaker, enunciated privately what it was in Dr. John Mott's mesclearly, did not speak too fast, and properly modulated His voice so that all could hear. sage that has caused him to take another stand. What we call "The Sermon on the Mount," Each one said that Dr. Mott had put the matter as teaching is unsurpassed and unsurpassable; in such a way that they felt it natural to carry unique, as Christ himself is unique. I suppose out their preconceived desire to openly confess that He repeated much of this teaching in the Christ. Some had been secret believers for years synagogues. When He saw the multitudes "as and all had given years to Bible study in mission sheep not having a shepherd He began to teach schools or colleges. During my life in India, I them many things." (Matt. 9 :36 and Mark 6 :34.) nave sought to trace the cause that has led to If the literate Jews in the villages needed to be men's conversion. I have never heard of anyone, taught many things, how much more do the mul- totally ignorant of the Gospel, who has been pertitudes need it in our Indian villages r suaded to accept Jesus Christ as his Lord and Jesus differentiated between preaching and Saviour after hearing it preached once. Con- teaching. He went up into the temple and version has come as the result of study and pon- taught. (Matt. 26:55; John 7:14; 8:2; 18:20; dering.

Mark 8 :31; 9 :31; 12 :35; Luke 19 :47.) "He was I am convinced that Christian schools and colteaching in one of the synagogues on the Sab- leges where non-Christians are taught by spiritbath." (Luke 13 :10.) filled men and women are about the best evan- We see that our Lord by command and exam- gelistic agencies we have. Boys and girls enter ple used preaching, healing, and teaching as es- the mission schools at an impressionable age.

sentials in His Gospel of Salvation. If we com- They watch the lives of their teachers. In the pare our present method with the method of daily Bible study period they can ask questions Jesus have we anything to learn? Should evan- and hear the answers. A careful distinction gelistic workers spend all their time preaching as should be drawn between the ingathering of edu- that term is commonly understood? Should their cated Indians and the ingathering in mass move- training include healing and teaching? Does the ment areas. When the educated men and women emphasiR on preaching to the exclusion of these are converted it means that the Holy Spirit has other two factors lead to the right attitude of persuaded them to accept the Lord Jesus as their mind on the part of the preacher? Does preach- Saviour. They are really born again. In the ing alone tend to develop spiritual pride, self- case of most mass movement converts, baptism righteousness and exclusiveness? Does it lead to does not necessarily mean a true understanding of that ingathering into the Church and the King- its significance or a definite committal to the Lord- dom that we have every right to expect from the ship of Jesus. Usually such converts are dissatis- promises and encouragement and presence of our fied with their position and see a w.ay out through Lord and Saviour among us? Does the preacher baptism. They desire a change but do not un- need these other activities to keep him balanced? derstand what the change involves. They must be The writer of the Acts, which is one of the most taught and built up in faith and character. In vital books of the Bible for us at the present day some missions many years of mass movement in India, says: "The former treatise have I work produces only a small minority of converts made, 0 Theophilus, of all that Jesus began both who are fit for full church membership. I firmly to do and to teach." The last verse of the Acts, believe that the mass movement is of God. The which seems to break right off in the middle of results are unquestionable, but we need to be things, says: "PauL… preaching the King- careful and to analyze the various factors. The dom of God and teachIng those things which con- New Testament lays down the three-fold mission- cern the Lord Jesus Christ, with all confidence, no ary method: preaching, teaching, healing. These man forbidding him." Should we not bring the are coordinate, and we cannot ignore anyone of Acts to a logical conclusion by following the ex- these methods without injury to the cause.

A Christian Missionary to

The Rev. William Mitchell Paden, D. D., of Salt Lake City By the REV. A. J. MONTGOMERY, D. D. ]:..

Board of National Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., Department of Alaska, Indians and Mormons O NE of the great men of the West, a distin- 1912. One of the missionaries present struck a guished missionary to the Mormons, died spark of deep emotion in the hearts of all by re- in Salt Lake City, Utah, September 17, ferring to generous help which Dr. Paden had so 1931, at the ripe age of seventy-seven years. The freely given. As adviser and guide, as friend death of Dr. William M. Paden marks the removal and sympathizer, he is enshrined immortally in of a last link in the chain of distinguished home the hearts of those who knew him.

missionaries of the Roc k y . Many of Dr. Paden's activ- Mountain district. The fame ities led him out into the field and influence of such men as of nation-wide interests. Some the late Bishop Spaulding, Dr. years ago, when the Mormon Thomas C. Iliff, Dr. Wishard hierarchy deemed it advisable and Dr. Martin were not local to make a practical test of the but nation-wide. Such men of strength of the feeling in the the old guard sounded no retreat United States in regardtopolyg- and sought no compromise, but amous marriages, Brigham H.

contended earnestly for the Roberts ran as a candidate for Christian faith amid many dif- representative in Congress. He ficulties. Now the last survivor was openly known as a polyg- of that splendid pioneer group amist, and with Mormon back- has entered into rest. ing was elected. A wave of William M. Paden was en- indignation swept over the na- deared to the missionaries of tion. Protests began to rise the Presbyterian Church and to from coast to coast, and it was those of all the other Protest- evident that the sense of de- ant denominations working in cency of right thinking people Utah. His was a deep and prac- had been outraged. It was Dr.

tical sympathy. He always un- Paden, along with Thomas C.

derstood. He knew their prob- THE REV. WILLIAM M. PADEN, D. D. Iliff and Clarence Thurston lems and the pressure which Brown, who gathered the evi- the Mormon authorities could dence, directed the campaign bring to bear on any particular spot. His mind over the whole nation and organized public was philosophical and analytical, and he could in- sentiment that denied Roberts a seat in Con- terpret the peculiar phenomena to be found in gress. Thus the Mormon hierarchy had its first Utah where Christianity is still a minority reli- experience of the force of the vox populi.

gion. For sixteen years he occupied positions in Later, when Apostle Reed Smoot was elected as his church which demanded close supervision of senator from Utah, again there was a protest the field work, and was brought into intimate con- raised against seating in Congress this high dig- tact with the homes and lives of many missiona- nitary of the Church of the Latter Day Saints.

ries. He was keen and sympathized with their Dr. Paden was called to be the chairman of the burdens in a very practical way and often made Utah Citizens Committee, which framed and it possible for a missionary family to meet a cri- pushed the protest. Though they did not succeed sis, financial or otherwise. in preventing· the seating of Mr. Smoot, neverthe- A memorial service was held for Dr. Paden in less the agitation led to a national disapproval the First Presbyterian Church of Salt Lake City, of the practice of polygamy and caused the presi- where Dr. Paden had been pastor from 1897 to dent of the Mormon Church to abrogate its prac- [229]

tice. After the admission of Utah as a state and Paden rendered was to give an address on Morthe enactment of a federal law against polygamy monism to the young people's classes of the Sunthe approach of Christian missions to Mormonism day school of the University ward of Salt Lake was greatly changed. Dr. Paden's personality en- City. Two classes were consolidated and Dr. Paabled him to bridge the gap between the old and den was given an earnest hearing as he skilfully the new. The technique that was found useful called attention to some of the deficiencies and in the days of Dr. Wishard's pioneering had be- trends of their Mormon religion. come less valuable. New attitudes, new contacts and new approaches were required. Unusual Perhaps the greatest service of this home misqualities of mind and heart are needed to change sionary of the Christian church has been along from methods that have been endeared by use and the lines of cooperative effort. In all Utah and sacrifice to entirely new approaches, yet this in the southern part of Idaho the Mormons prechange was made by Dr. Paden and others. Facts dominate and dominate in every way-politically, have justified the change and evidence is not lack- in business, socially and religiously. Mormonism ing that within "Mormonaria," to use one of Dr. is a clan, with clan thinking, action and move- Paden's whimsical terms, there is now going on a ment. It is impossible to describe adequately the ferment which may in the future be evidenced in solidity of the opposition to the Christian propamost surprising results. ganda. Christianity is a minority religion and for that reason separateness on the part of the No man ever fought the evils of Mormonism various Christian groups would be without exmore effectively than Dr. Paden, and yet he was cuse. A Home Missions Council was organized generally on friendly terms with its leaders. Dr. for Utah and has functioned splendidly. Work- Edward Laird Mills, editor of the Pacific Chris- ers in that state boast that competition has been tian Advocate, in an editorial on Dr. Paden, calls eliminated; allotments of territory have been attention to the fact that on a certain Sunday made and accepted, and an interdenominational morning in the fall of 1916 Hon. Brigham Roberts, Christian workers' conference is held periodically. Dr. Paden and himself sat down together at break- Nowhere can a better cooperative spirit be found fast in Richfield, Utah. No one would ever have among religious bodies. In all this Dr. Paden guessed that two of the men had been opponents wrought valiantly with the purpose of presenting in a bitter struggle. One of the last services Dr. a united and loyal front for Christian advance.

The Po-wer of India's Women By E. MARIE HOLMES Gauhati, Assam, Principal of the Girls' Boarding School, American Bat>tist Mission W OMAN anywhere is baffling, elusive; the Rajput Rani Padmani, Queen-mother of twelve Orient is always secretive, mystical. So an sons, outwitting Allah-ud-din, and effecting her Indian woman is a double conundrum. husband's rescue. Who can read the mind of the woman whose dress screens her face from one's gaze? Who can know There are also the unnamed and unnumbered the heart of one whose customs are curtains of women of Chitore, each dressed in her wedding concealments? For a score of years I have counted gown, and each holding her children by the hand, Indian women among my friends, but today I am as she calmly walks into the flames of Johar-the not so sure, as I was fifteen years ago, that I have even a slight understanding of my Indian sister. death of honor-while her husband goes forth to She so often fails to react as I expect. She is sell his life at a high price, so that when Allahalways surprising me. As I read history I marvel ud-din enters Chitore it is a smouldering city of at the brilliant chapters written by veiled women the dead. who courted seclusion. As I read the signs of the times, I am amazed at the power of soft voices There is Razia Begum, daughter of Altamishspeaking from the folds of concealing draperies. declared by her father to be worth more than a score of sons-sitting on the throne of Delhi by Foremost in any review of Indian women is the the nearly unanimous vote of the nobles.

There is Isa Begum, bestowed upon one of the chief officers of the man who had defeated her

THE POWER OF INDIA'S WOMEN

husband in battle, locking her new master in her the villages married women were not allowed to room, bidding her ladies stab him to death and have hypodermics for Kala-azhar, because this throw him from the window, while she sends word kept them away from the work of the house and to her husband's conqueror: "I am the wife of field too long. When I protested that even wives Yunas. Contrary to law, you gave me to another would die of Kala-azhar if they did not take the man, so I slew him. Come and slay me if you prescribed injections, this girl (herself a young choose." wife who had not been allowed to finish the treat- ments) said, "When one wife dies, it is very easy There is Mahum, beloved wife of Babar, to to get another." This will not continue to be the greet whom the Emperor runs barefoot, bare- case when the women, who have so recently taken headed, six miles out from Agra, coming back to public platforms, extend their mission to the over the dusty road walking alongside the royal village. chair and holding Mahum's hand. The growth of the spirit of nationalism has There is Nurjahan, the bride for whom Jehangir opened a new world for the women of India. They waited fourteen and six years, becoming the are grasping their new opportunities with the old power behind the Mogul thron€. spirit of abandonment and self-sacrifice. This is the human material from which the Spirit of God There is Mumtaj Mahal, the mother of thirteen is calling forth a church of Christ in India. It is of Shah Jahan's children, and the refining influ- from this heritage of loyalty, bravery, constancy ence in his life, the inspiration for the Taj Maha!. and devotion that already the Christian Church in India boasts an honor roll of such women as There is Kisen Kumari, the beautiful virgin Chandra Lila and Pandita Ramabai, Lilevati 'Singh Rajput Princess of the nineteenth century, who to and Lakshmi Goreh. end the civil strife caused by rival chiefs demanding her in marriage, stands unflinching to receive Not unlike Sadhu Sundar Singh's testimony the steel of her brother's dagger. When his cour- concerning his mother's influence is the tribute age fails and the dagger falls to the floor, she which Isahoc K. Marak gave his mother at our holds three draughts of poison to her lips with recent Gauhati Bible Class. He said: "My mother steady hand. When these fail to act, she requests must have been a very religious woman. Although a deadly dose of opium, and lays her down to she died when I was but a boy, I can remember sleep, knowing that she will never waken. how she prayed with me about many things. The hymns I remember most distinctly are those she These are not poets' tales, but historical annals sang to me when I was a child. She so filled my of the royal women of India. young life with spiritual things, that becoming a Christian seemed as natural as growing in physi- When such women were queens and empresses, cal stature." must not here have been multitudes of women of like spirit among their sUbjects? The Rajput cus- It is in the women that the real strength of tom of Johar, the Hindu suttee, prove that femi- Hinduism lies today. It is the women who cling nine constancy, devotion and intrepidity were not most tenaciously to caste, to purdah, to ceremoconfined to royalty. nies. In Moslem homes it is the women, usually the older women, who watch most vigilantly for What of the Indian womanhood of our day? Is any suggestion of departure from their faith, and it strong and courageous? Does the spirit of hero- who repulse any statement that may be at variism survive? Recent events indicate that it does. ance with accepted Moslem belief. I believe that if the men of Hindu and Moslem households were Regardless of what we may think of picketing to tear down the purdahs of their homes and inand of other non-cooperation activities, we must vite their women out into public life, the women admit that the women of India made a large con- would respond by weaving heavier purdahs and tribution to the success of the movement that has staying more closely behind them. Times without taken India to the foundation. number I have seen zenana women exalt their restrictions under the purdah system, much as a Is Mahatma Gandhi imprisoned? Mrs. Naidu newly betrothed girl parades her diamond ring. succeeds him in command, and Mrs. Gandhi car- But when, if ever, discarding purdah appeals to ries on bravely according to her ability. the women of India as a duty, they will discard it Does R. C. Das fall? His wife steps into the as their own right.

breach. I think of Soniram Borah's quiet little illiterate girl-wife, successfully thwarting her husband's Do lawyers and leaders of men talk of annulling well-laid plans to put his son in a mission boardthe Sardar Act? Women hold mass meetings, and voices that were but recently wont to whisper softly behind purdahs, thunder forth from public platforms, "The Sardar Act .shall stay/" A far cry, that, from the Laws of Manu! It sounds like a voice from another world than that of the Kamrup Indu villager, who told me last week that in

ing school. She had no physical force; she did not not have money, not even egg money (although raise her voice. She used her tongue most effec- they do have eggs of varied grades!) but they tively by not using it at all. For days on end she give what they have-the rice that they help did not speak to her husband nor to anyone else transplant, that they husk and clean, that they in his presence. She did not cook his rice. She cook for the daily meals. With this "rice money"

would not brew his tea. Thus she prevented her they support evangelists and teachers and send son from being sent to a mission school. girls (and boys) to school-not their own boys All over the land there are many sons of India and girls, but children of the community who give who would become professed followers of Jesus promise of becoming leaders. It was the sacrificial Christ were they not the sons and husbands of giving of the women of 'South Kamrup that re- quiet women who will not allow any such depar- sulted in the opening of the Gauhati Boarding ture from their ancestral faith. If India is to be School for Girls. In those days a man was usually won for Jesus Christ, the women of India must chairman of the Woman's Committee, and often first be won for Him. some of the other brethren attended the Woman's The mother of Sadhu Sundar Singh was never Meeting with him when they wanted to influence numbered among the women of the Indian the distribution of the Woman's Fund, but they Church, but his biographer states: "It was his never found the women sleeping nor were they mother, above all, who fostered and guided his easily dissuaded from a course upon which they unique religious bent. Many have marked the had decided. When they determined to help open love that beams on his face whenever he speaks a boarding school for girls, no plea that there was of her." The Sadhu himself said: "The mother's a greater need for village pandits could dissuade bosom is the best theological college in the world. them.

. . . It was the Holy Ghost who made me a Chris- During those first years of contact with our tian, but it was my mother [who died when he was fourteen] who made me a Sadhu." village Christians I was often indignant when I As I consider the place of women in the Indian saw the men of the family wrapped in a blanket Church, I am reminded also of the testimony of woven by the women, while the women sat with the Rev. Romanus Doimari concerning the rapid no warm covering and exposed to the penetratgrowth of the Christian Church among the Kach- ing cold as they nursed their babies.

aries of Mongaldai. He said: But the Gospel is taking deeper root now and It was largely the women who sowed the Gospel seed; good things are more evenly shared. While a it was the women who gathered the harvest. They cast father wrote us a few days ago saying that he away their characteristic testimony and their former fear w:as planning to take his daughter out of school of strangers. Binding their babies on their backs, they after this year, as he did not propose to spend any went in groups to near and far villages, while the women more money educating girls, such an attitude is who could not accompany them remained in the village more typical of the old days than of the present. church praying for the success of those who went. None Many of our Christians now seem quite as interof these messengers could read, but they had memorized ested in educating their daughters as in educating a hymn or two, and they could speak of their new-found strength, joy, and peace. Sometimes they were ridiculed; occasionally they were threatened with beating, which the their sons. This may be due in part to the new women invited by presenting the side of their face and realization of the economical asset of an educated saying "Hit! Hit! It would be sweet to bear a blow for daughter, or it may be due more to the realization Jesus!"

Do you wonder that the Mongaldai Church, that an educated Christian girl can make a large after fifteen years, now numbers over 5,600 bap- contribution to the Christian community.

tized believers? There are still but few women in I do not know what proportion of the 5,000,000 this community who can read their Bibles or their members of the Church of Christ in India are hymnals, but they are greedy for teaching. What women, but I do know that many of the teachers they have received of the Bible has greatly trans- and lady doctors and most of the nurses serving formed their outward appearance as well as their this great nation are drawn from this group of inner attitudes.. The splendid advantage to which Christian women.

they have used the little they have been given is As a nation India is alive to the political power an indication of the potential leadership in this of its womanhood. ~s a church we must be alive group, which training would develop. to the spiritual might of the women of the Indian In our districts in the lower valley the women Church and to the urgency of need of winning the of the Church are the generous givers. They do rest of India's womanhood for Christ.

Ways of

'fested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO INTRODUCING MADAME as I know, I am unique in that your utmost for the extension of field. the Kingdom of God to the utter- MISSIONARY REVIEW most parts of the earth. I am a News Publication, and In view of the paramount im- I give you in a nutshell an ac- I am a giant Bulletin Board portance of the cause involved, count of the big things that are whereon the Women's Home and current retrenchment may well happening on mission fields at Foreign Mission Societies post begin with something less vital home and abroad. the reports of events of greatest than the missionary magazines. import in their special work. Cut out everything in daily diet I am a Book Review. I prebut the food essentials before sent well-written digests of lead- In my Effective Ways of you sacrifice the monthly visits ing books bearing upon the Working, I am a compendium of of THE REVIEW. If you would theme which is my very life. Any the best methods for increasing hearten the church folk to make volumes found in Our Mission- interest in the missionary entheir utmost endeavor to maintain the missionary cause, unim- I deavor 'of the home church. I paired by the economic condi- speak only of outstanding plans tions, get THE REVIEW into new ~'::'~;:Jl:~ tried and proved good in the exhomes as soon as possible. You perience of successful people of can if you convince them of its f—- all Christian denominations the importance and value. One can 11-=—- world over. If you would make hardly conceive of any Christian Ir-~-~ the very best of your church perreading the inspiring articles of sonnel, from pastor to Sunday a single issue and turning to say, ~-==- ~ -=-::: –:– School kindergarten workers, "But I don't take much stock in listen to my counsel and try out missions !" To obtain new sub- —- =– – – ll~:::-~ for yourself what fits your needs scribers, try the following: — — and conditions. -~ A forceful speaker, attired in Now I want to know you all a costume something like the il- ary Bookshelf will be forwarded better. Will you not invite me lustration, is introduced by the to you promptly upon receipt of to call in your homes once a program leader and proceeds their price. I attend to that per- month and show you how to do with her talk, touching the dec- sonally. the most efficient team work orations on her dress as she de- with Jesus Christ in winning scribes the corresponding de- I am the composite voice of the world for the reign of love? partments or features. some of the world's greatest My traveling expenses are only missionary writers and states- $2.50 for a year's regular month- Leader: This is Madame Re- men who contribute articles on ly visits, or 25 cents for a single view, the embodiment of that the dominant themes of the day. call. How many of you are ready peerless publication, THE MIS- to invite me? I assure you I SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. I am a spyglass through can pay my way, in the coin of We have asked her to speak to which you can obtain a World- service. Have I any old friends you frankly of her peTsonality, wide Outlook. Through me you her hopes and her aspirations, may see the near and the far in the audience who can vouch for she is a great personage and events of the missionary cam- for my worth? there is no one like her in all the paign, catching inspiration to do world. (Omit this last query if no subscribers to THE REVIEW are Madame REVIEW: Friends, I in the audience; but should there am fifty-four years old-though be any present, let them rise and I know that I look like a debut- give brief testimony to the value ante. In all those years I have of the publication. In any event, been faithfully giving an interdenominational review of world- immediate efforts should be wide Christian progress. So far made to secure new subscribers, or have at least a single sub- scription in the name of the chairman of the program com- [233]

mittee, or place the magazine in grams on "The Challenge of Mrs. Fred A. Little, of Calthe nearest public library. Don't Change," in the January issue, vary Church, Anaheim, Califorwait for the mood of the audi- in the Garden Series soon to fol- nia, says: "I arrange a poster ence to spend itself.) low this, and in subsequent out- to meet the program situation [Acknowledgment of suggestion for illustra- lines. A dominant purpose is and calculated to force the tive cut, to Mrs. Jessie H. Burr, in Missions Magazine.] necessary to produce a dynamic truths home, as well as to fur- poster. nish a decoration for our church PUBLICITY THROUGH parlor. First I purchased plas- POSTERS Mrs. Dorothy Crockett, in her ter board of the required size Star in the East, tells of "Ac- What about having an attrac- quaintance Posters and Map when trimmed, and framed' it tive poster to advertise mission- Work" for the purpose of im- securely, giving it two coats of ary events? Visualization to in- pressing field and station facts. flat white pajnt. This is used terpret verbalization has estab- "The ability to connect names of on an easel as permanent suplished its worth beyond the need missionaries with the correct port for posters. For my poster for argument. One must be stations and to think of the right backgrounds I use the reverse painstaking and imaginative, buildings when a station is side of white wall paper-two but not necessarily an artist to named, to know: of an unusual lengths and lapped over in the be a successful poster maker. work connected with a certain center. On this I develop my Often a person not gifted as a place-these are quite lacking picture. For instance, a candle speaker or executive may here with most of us." Mrs. Crock- stick as a symbol of service was ett describes field posters whose developed in beautiful colors, find opportunity for service. The materials are not elab- production is assigned to groups the candle portion, including orate or expensive. These may of women and girls in the or- bright flame, being shaped and include colored crayons, inex- ganization. Draw a dim outline pasted in. A lighted candle was pensive water color paints, li- of a country on a cardboard placed at the side of the poster." brary paste, colored papers and sheet two by three feet in size, Our readers will do well to ordinary cardboard, carbon pa- and on this paste pictures from save the following description of Mrs. Little's poster for a New per for tracing, inks of several your missionary magazines. Year's meeting, and try it when tints, lettering pens for shading, On the map of Africa, for in- the appropriate date arrives. marking pencils (including a stance, may be grouped illustra- The title was "Chimes of a New white one to use with dark pa- tions of the sort of work done Year." First may come a New per), a carpenter's pencil with there, or printed matter con- Year's greeting and the unveilits broad graphite to use in vari- cerning this work, with the il- ing of the bells, the latter being ous widths, or notched to make lustrations around the edge as a the poster of the day, which furletters of two or three lines; border. Inscribe neatly at the nishes the suggestions for the samples of wall papers; cutouts bottom a selection of pithy facts. coming year. from fashion magazines, seed catalogues and illustrations On another chart containing Lifting up one loose belI on from advertising pages; various the outline map-say of Japan- the poster sheet, the leader finds Dennison devices; other items place and name the mission sta- underneath, "To hear as little as may be added as need develops. tions, from each of which a possible to the prejudice of A printing outfit with block let- string radiates to a point where others." ters (often to be found among red-bordered labels fasten down children's toys), is useful but all the ends. "At a point out- Under the second she reads, not necessary. Many prefer to side the map previously plotted, "To believe no ill of anyone unc~t out large letters from maga- less absolutely forced to do so." zmes and handbills, pasting fasten the ends of the strings them carefully on the poster to to the board, each being held in Under other bells are, form the text. Your wall paper place by a gummed label which "Always exemplify Christian dealer will give you old sample bears the name of a missionary love" ; books which have a wealth of or missionary family. These labels will appear best arranged "Radiate good will and sun- in a column. . . . Paste a pic- shine" ; "When I am inclined to criti- 4langdascrdapeens,orfloflworearls, leaves, etc. ture of your church in the cen- cize the faults of others, I will catalogue is ter of a chart, draw about it take a good look in the mirror SImply a treasure trove. A lit- ever-widening circles represent- and ask myself, 'What manner tle system in labeling and classi- ing the fields of work for which of person am I'?" fying these materials will great- your church is responsible. In Any other locally or univerly expedite their use. . the ring labeled Home Missions, sally applicable texts may be re- How to Begin paste small pictures of mission- vealed in the ringing of these aries at work in your denomina- chimes, each one being made the Always evolve the poster from tional home fields, while in that topic for a one-minute talk if dethe theme. Note the close rela- labeled Foreign Missionaries, sired. tionship between subject matter assemble pictures of your work- "Christian Americanization and picturization in the pro- ers abroad." Chimes" may appear under the

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

last bell as the theme for the facts for each poster. You may large visiting card bore a green cross in the upper left hand corner, and talk of the service. be sure twice the attention was across it was written: "High Lights in Our Mission- paid to the living groups that "Mrs. A is requested to view with ary Work in the Past Year" is would have been accorded the us the Battalion of Life as It Marches suggested as another topic for pictures; and the participants on Its Crusade of Compassion. Seat discussion. No. 63 is reserved on the reviewing had indelibly impressed upon Thus the whole program, in them the factual things for stand." The December card bore a Christaddition to the initial inspira- which they stood. mas seal (a lighted taper) and the tion, may be developed through words, "Our dear friend, Mrs. B, may the "chimes." "Moving mottoes" furnish an- keep Christmas with the women of other feature-a procession of many lands by sending the light to Animated Posters boys moving slowly across the their darkened homes." platform bearing aloft card- These are even more dynamic board banners inscribed with The January card bore a tiny calthan the pictures. Mrs. Crock- striking missionary sentiments, endar for the month, the date of the ett suggests that at an evening's each boy stopping in the middle meeting being marked in red. The social gathering, attractive per- of the platform to speak very written suggestion was that Mrs. C sons wear posters replete with plainly his own motto, then all might make a New Year's resolution facts, after the style of the ad- the banner-bearers line up fac- to attend the meeting on that date. vertising "s and w i c h man." ing the front in a most forceful Needless to say the facts will re- silent address. These plans, and Another card bore a picture of a ceive more marked attention. others which will suggest them- baby's face and the urgent invitation selves, will not only liven up the for its recipient to bring her daugh- As a variation of her original presentation of missionary pro- ter, granddaughter or niece to the plan, Mrs. Crockett considers grams and increase the attend- party which had been arranged for having women dressed in white ance but will deepen the impres- the Little Light Bearers. wear outline maps of mission A sheaf of wheat painted in the upper left hand corner was the in- signia for an invitation to a Harvest Home Rally in the autumn.

fields in some jaunty way-Ja- sions produced and tend to link An offering box on another card inpan, for instance, being "airily formed the recipient that such and slung from the left shoulder," them up with life. the Philippine Islands suspend- Advertising Through Invitations such a date had been set apart to ed in several sections, etc.; four "Count Your Blessings" (Thank-of- fering meeting).

or five outstanding facts about Happily, the pulpit or calen- MAKING A PARISH each such country being plainly dar announcement of "the usual MISSIONARY-MINDED inscribed on its map. Conscious- missionary meeting" is becomly or unconsciously, guests will ing obsolete. A curiosity-tickling By the REV. G. D. BUSCH forecast of an attractive pro- Pastor of read over the facts as their gram will usually bring the aubearers mingle with the com- dience-providing they have not Grace Lutheran Church pany all evening. Before the been deceived in the past as to Toledo, Ohio gathering disperses, guests are the worthfulness of the goods asked to jot down all the data advertised. The Woman's Mis- [In writing up methods we are they can recall, even the poster sionary Friend, a Methodist inclined to strive for something folk laying aside their adorn- monthly, says: extraordinary and often, alas! ment and writing what they not realizable under average con- A notice to all and sundry may be ditions. The unique value of this have noted upon others. This overlooked, but an invitation is an- contribution by a man who has review might well serve as a other story. It is delivered by mail or evidenced his own qualifications wind-up after a School of Mis- in person to the individual and indi- by serving as a valued member sions. cates that she is expected at the meet- of the Committee on Religious ing. Education in the United Lu- Miss Mary C. Wiley, of Win- theran Synod of Ohio, as dean There were five women striving to of the School of Religious Eduston-Salem, N. C., had an an- increase the attendance of the mis- cation at Lakeside School of Misnual display of "animated pos- sionary meetings. Each was responters" in a Presbyterian church.

Using as patterns certain pic- sible for 25 of the 130 members en- sions, as dean of the Toledo Luture-posters sent out annually rolled. One of the five, availing her- theran Training Sunday School by the Southern Presbyterian self of the opportunity for leadership, Church, a local committee sub- Institute, as well as editor of consented to plan the form of invita- The Toledo Lutheran, is that it tion, make four copies of it-one for stituted real people for the pic- each member of the c.ommittee-who, illustrates the foundation work ture-folk intended to be hung on in turn, should prepare from it the the wall. Every detail of cos- a consecrated, systematic and tume and posture from the mod- number assigned to her. Five days tactful minister can accomplish previous to the meeting all invita- under very adverse conditions.] els was painstakingly worked tions were to be delivered. On that out, the groups thus evolved being used as tableaux while a day the members of the committee, Through a number of circumreader standing at one side gave wherever they might be, united in' stances, a desire on my part to very distinctly the title and praying at the noon hour for God's serve as a foreign missionary blessing on their effort. was not fulfilled and I accepted a call to a parish of 600 souls in The resulting invitations we r e unique and effective. For October a

one of the thriving industrial project of home mission activi- gram proved the most difficult.

cities of the Middle West. The ties, namely, the raising of funds We are just undertaking a pro- combination of Teutonic ances- to purchase and hold land for gram of study and support. But try and membership in a church future expansion. But in the the men have rendered one out- noted for its conservativeness, fall another special season of standing service. Great difficulty backed by a history of twenty- missionary education presented had been experienced in raising five years of parish existence, itself, known in our church as the total church budget, espe- made me realize very early that "inner missions," more widely cially in getting an idea of the a program, not publicly stated, known as social service–the ob- weekly income to be expected.

was necessary to bring about a ligation of Christians to care for Just prior to the beginning of ministry that might earn the their less fortunate brethren. my pastorate, the missionary- Saviour's approval. During these past two years of minded financial secretary ef- The initial problem was that severe distress, this part of any fected a change in the manner of "what to preach." This point well-rounded missionary pro- of presentation. The greatest of attack offered the least oppo- gram has proved one of the best stress was placed upon the be- sition and required the least re- worth while. nevolence budget – "for others" adjustment in the life of the -which included not only miscongregation. Their very tradi- With the preaching program sionary but also educational and tions helped me. Accustomed as out of the way, the next problem merciful work in which the conthey were to a regular routine to study was that of the efforts gregation was interested. Eduof worship known as the Church and attitudes of the organiza- cation in such simple matters as Year, in which the great festival tions within the church. I was the .amount of money given for seasons – A d v e nt, Christmas, fortunate to discover a capable foreign missions and the amount Epiphany, Lent, Easter and Pen- and missionary-minded group of for home, "how little is paid for tecost-were observed, it was a women in my woman's auxiliary, salaries and overhead," coupled comparatively simple matter to in which there was little to do with an appeal to take part in gear my missionary preaching except to show by word and ac- the world program, raised the with it. The Sundays before tion my appreciation and to be- benevolence budget almost one Christmas, known as Advent, in speak their prayers for the work thousand dollars over that of the which the Scripture lessons and of the church. previous years and also made prayers turned their hearts to- the current expense less of a ward the coming of the Christ, The program of religious edu- problem. were used by me to emphasize cation in the Church School had the striking parallel between the endeavored to include some mis- Looking back over four years, heart-hunger of the Graeco- sionary attitudes, but had not there still remain lands to be Roman world and the world to- progressed very far. Three ad- conquered. The preaching proday. The period of Epiphany, vanced steps were taken: (1) gram becomes more balanced. which always has been utilized Envelopes were provided and an The old prejudices and attitudes as a "foreign missionary interest opportunity afforded the chil- of the congregation are slowly time," gave me an extraordinary dren to contribute to the mis- dying and the missionary-mind opportunity to present Jesus as sionary cause. (2) Missionary is winning. I now dream of "the desire of all nations" and to stories and exercises were in- two great steps – one, a school turn the minds of the congrega- cluded in the worship during the meeting on a week-day night for tion to the need of spreading the Church School hour. (3) The the whole congregation in which Gospel. greatest interest-arouser was the this progr,am of missionary- assumption of definite responsi- mindedness is the center, and To handle the problem of bility for two churches and two the other, a group of individuals motivation, the season of Lent schools in our mission in India interested so much in particular proved a God-given opportunity. known as our "parish abroad." phases of the missionary pro- Traditionally it is the period of The interest was maintained by gram as to be willing to support, evangelism, with the need of ac- talks on this parish and by show- financially and otherwise. indicepting Jesus as a personal Sa- ing pictures taken at first hand. vidual projects. It is hoped that shortly we shall viour as the main theme. The have a reel or two of movies. There are, however, some unlocal conditions, however, made The financing of the Church solved problems connected with it necessary to stress the duty of School has been assumed by the the movement and one of these a Christian as a cross-bearer, so congregation and a place in the is how to efficiently follow-up this particular phase of mission- church budget was found for those who, through the camary activity received renewed religious education, thus open- paign, have signified their puremphasis. ing the way for a more intense pose to ally themselves with From Easter to the summer cultivation of the missionary Christianity and the things for season, because of local condi- spirit in the school. which it stands, and to really tions, the mind of the congrega- Due to certain local affiliations, conserve for the future the work tion is occupied with a definite the men's portion in the pro- of the movement.

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Women"s Home and Foreign Bulletin ANNE SEESHOLTZ, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK; COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK; FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA PRAYER AGAINST WAR Uy together with an increasing from the time when it was first o Lord, since first the blood sense of our common blood and presented to the Senate by Presi- destiny, that peace may come dent Harding in 1923 up to its of Abel cried to thee from the on earth at last and thy sun present status in the Senate, the ground that drank it this earth may shed its light rejoicing on follow i n g conclusions were of thine has been defiled with a holy brotherhood of peoples. reached: the blood of man shed by his brother's hand, and the centu- -Walter Rauschenbusch in As the question of the World Court ries sob with the ceaseless hor- "Prayers of the Social Awaken- has been pending in the Senate for ror of war. Ever the pride of ing." nine years, the Seventh Conference on the Cause and Cure of War believes kings and the covetousness of that further postponement of action the strong have driven peaceful SEVENTH CONFERENCE ON thereon cannot be justified. nations to slaughter. Ever the THE CAUSE AND CURE songs of the past and the pomp At this time, while the Disarma- ment Con fer e n c e is meeting in of armies have been used to in- Geneva, the psychological effect of OF WAR the United States adherence to the flame the passions of the people. By Elinor K. Purves Court would be stimulating and help- Our spirit cries out to thee in ful. Continued inaction is certain to revolt against it, and we know The Seventh Conference on be interpreted as a lack of internathat our righteous anger is an- the Cause and Cure of War was tional cooperation which will comswered by thy holy wrath. held in Washington, D. C., Jan- uary 18-21, 1932. This Confer- plicate the work of the Conference. Break thou the spell of the en- ence was composed of 650 dele- Public opinion in this country, chantments that make the na- gates from eleven women's ortions drunk with the lust of bat- ganizations, two of which are affinned by a great majority of the tle and draw them on as willing the Council of Women for Home newspapers, the American Bar Astools of death. Grant us a quiet Missions and the Federation of and steadfast mind when our Woman's Boards of Foreign sociation, the American Federation of own nation clamors for ven- Missions which together had 99 geance or aggression. Strength- delegates. Labor, the United States Chamber of en our sense of justice and re- Commerce, and a great multitude of gard for the equal worth of American citizens represented in such organizations as those composing the Conference on the Cause and Cure of War, supports the World Court wholeheartedly, and this opinion should find sympathetic reflection in senatorial action.

other peoples and races. Grant The theme for the Conference The Declaration of Opinion in to the rulers of nations faith in was "World Paradoxes" and regard to the General Disarmathe possibility of peace through the program included discus- ment Conference, after calling justice, and grant to the com- sions of the economic causes of to remembrance the obligations mon people a new and stern en- war, the Manchurian situation, of the signatories to the Verthusiasm for the cause of peace. the Polish Corridor, and the sailles Treaty in regard to dis- Bless our soldiers and sailors for new Russia as possible threats armament, the similar obligatheir swift obedience and their to the peace machinery set up to tion of the United States in its willingness to answer to the call prevent war; the strengthening separate treaty with Germany, of duty, but inspire them none- of this peace machinery, dis- the promise through Article 8 of the-less with a hatred of war, armament as a means to peace, the Covenant of the League of and may they never for love of and the part which should be Nations in regard to disarmaprivate glory or advancement played by the United States in ment, the work of the Preparaprovoke its coming. May our the movements for the peaceful tory Commission of the League young men still rejoice to die for settlement of international dis- in preparation for the General putes. Conference ctahlleedfoflolorw1i9n3g2~tcaotne­- their country with the valor of The Conference put itself on cluded with their fathers, but teach our age nobler methods of matching our record as in former years in ment: strength and more effe.ctive favor of the adherence of the Therefore, we, the delegates to the ways of giving our life for the United States to the World- Seventh Conference on the Cause and flag. Cure of War, in ·confer.ence assembled Court, and ina Declaration of at Washington, D. C., January 18-21, o thou, strong Father of all Opinion which reviewed the his- 1932, look to the American delegation nations, draw all thy great fam- tory of the World Court Treaty to the first General Disarmament Con- [237]

ference, meeting at Geneva, February DISARMAMENT PETITIONS into the offices of the Council 2, 1932, to insist upon the bold reduc- and the Federation, and when tion of every category of armament By Florence G. Tyler the date of sailing came, the indicated by the report of the Pre- church women had sent in not paratory Commission. On Saturday, February 6, the 60,000 but 140,000. About 5,000 women of the world had a spe- more signatures have been re- The following Resolution was cial part in the Disarmament ceived since then. These petialso adopted: Conference for it was on that tions were sent from the office day that the petitions signed by of the National Committee on Whereas, the Seventh Conference millions of women all over the the Cause and Cure of War with on the Cause and Cure of War, now world were presented, and those those collected by ten 0 the r in session in Washington, has noted who were watching the news- American women's organizawith interest the identic note of the 'papers read with a great thrill tions, in bundles of 12,500 sig- Secretary of State, delivered on Janu- the account of the presentation, natures, to Geneva, and there ary 8, 1932, to the governments of and of Miss Mary Dingman's they were added to the petitions Japan and China; and speech. of the women of France, Eng- land, Holland, Japan, Germany, Whereas, it has noted in particular The National Committee on etc., over 8,000,000 in all, and the declaration that the United the Cause and Cure of War set Miss Dingman made the presen- States does not "intend to recognize out to secure the signatures of any situation, treaty or agreement 1,000,000 women of the United tation speech to the Disarmawhich may be brought about by States of America to the peti- ment Conference. As Chairman means contrary to the covenants and tion to the International Dis- of the Disarmament Committee, obligations of the Pact of Paris of armament Conference being she represented the fifteen in- August 27, 1928, to which treaty both held at Geneva, which read as ternational organizations hav- China and Japan, as well as the follows: ing headquarters in Geneva United States are parties,"

Therefore, Be It Resolved, that this Conference express to the Secretary of State its appreciation of this farreaching interpretation of the Pact of Paris, so that it acquilles increased effectiveness as an instrument for en- We, the undersigned women of the with branches in fifty-six counsuring reliance upon pacific means United States, hereby petition the In- tries and a combined memberrather than upon measures of war ternational Disarmament Conference ship of 45,000,000 women. for the settlement of international to gratify the expectations and hopes disputes. of the world by putting into im- The petitions, coming from The Conference prepared the mediate and unhesitating effect the many lands, were accompanied following objectives for its pledges already made for the reduc- by delegations of women from member organizations for the tion of national armaments. those lands, and following Miss year 1932, suggesting that they Dingman's presentation speech, take some action in regard to The Allies and Associates pledged these women delegates formed them: world disarmament to their adver- in a long line and advanced one saries; the Covenant of the League by one, toward the tribune's 1. That the Disarmament Confer- of Nations promised it; great nations table where two secretaries reence take first place in the programs have solemnly agreed that interna- ceived from them their bundles on International Relations of all the tional disputes shall be settled by of signatures. The American pemember organizations so long as the peaceful methods without resort to titions were bound with red, Conference remains in session, and war; and, lastly, through the Briand- white, and blue bands, and each that resolutions and opinions in re- Kellogg Pact, war has been re- bundle of 12,500 signatures bore gard to it be registered with the De- the name of the organization partment of State and the Disarma- nounced. which collected them. Within a ment Committee of Women's Inter- Clearly, the next step is the bold few minutes the table on which national Organizations in Geneva. the packages were piled was full reduction of every variety of arma- to overflowing. The secretaries 2. That there be continued an in- ment. To do less would violate treaty began filling big baskets from sistent demand for the ratification of obligations, awaken suspicion and inthe WorId Court Protocols. cite fresh war talk. 3. That increased and sustained The assurances of peace will becooperation of the United States with come invincible when the reduction of armament for which we plead has been secured. Wars will cease when governments so resolve.

the League of Nations be advocated. An allotment of 60,000 sig- the overflow, while outside in 4. That compulsory military train- natures was made to the church women to be secured through the corridors hundreds of other ing be opposed. packages, too heavy to be car- It was also proposed that the the offices of the Council of ried, were piled high against member organizations f 0 c u s Women for Home Missions and the wall.

their attention on, and make a the Federation of Woman's Many 0 the r organizations study of, the economic roots of Boards of Foreign Missions of were represented and many international disputes, the new North America. In some of the other speeches were made. The implications of neutrality under denominations an effort was most impressive of these was the Paris Pact, the treaty mak- made to reach the "last society made by James Frederick Green ing powers of the Senate, the in the last church." Some of Kansas City, a student of recognition of the United States groups took it very seriously, Yale University speaking for of Russia, the question of the re- and some groups not so serious- the Intercollegiate Disarmament vision of the war debts, and the ly. But for weeks previous to Council of the United States, January 1 the petitions poured who said in part: American assets for peace.

WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULETIN

Behind your deliberations stands sented the Council at the eighth the governments to the General staring down on us the spectre of quinquennial meeting of the In- Disarmament Conference. Mme. death. Other speakers have much Paradowska-Szelagowska is a at stake, but we have even more, for ternational Council of Women member of the Peace and League we are literally fighting for our lives. in Vienna in May, 1930. Miss of Nations Commission and of It is our generation who will be re- Kydd might be termed "the the Alliance of Women for Suf- quested to destroy the best of human Prime Minister" of the women's frage and Equal Citizenship. culture, perhaps civilization itself, organizations in Canada. She has taken an active part in for causes which future historians the pacifist movement in Poland. will discover were erroneous. Dr. (Madame) Pauline Luisi is one of the most prominent Dr. Mary Emma Woolley is In every club and fraternity house figures of the Feminist Move- President of the American Asin England and America, we never ment of South America, and the sociation of University Women cease to ask, "Were these 10,000,000 first woman to be sent officially and a member of the National young men who loved life as whole- to the League of Nations by a Board of the Young Women's heartedly as ourselves, victims of an South American government. illusion when they fell on the world's Mme. Luisi, who was the first Christian Associations. She battlefields, fourteen years ago?" woman of her country to obtain has been for thirty-one years a doctor's degree, has given President of Mount Holyoke We remain unconvinced as to the many years of her life to medi- College for Women and is known wisdom of our predecessors. Were- cal research and was appointed as one of the foremost women spect the noble dead, but we question head of the clinic at the Medical educators in the United States. the judgment of those who sent them Faculty of Montevideo. She Her college is outstanding for to their deaths. Organized slaughter then gave herself up entirely to dis c u ssions of international does not settle a dispute, it merely the Feminist Movement of Uru- questions and for freedom of silences an argument. guay and to the protection of thought. Dr. Woolley is also a women and children. She was member of the American Society The Disarmament Conference delegated by the Government of for Judicial Settlement of Interis still in session. The reiterat- Uruguay to the League of Na- national Disputes, the League ed request of millions upon mil- tions to represent her country at for Permanent Peace Through lions for reduction of arma- the Consultative Commission for ments cannot fail to have made the protection of children and the Churches, and the Institute an impression, but church wom- young people, and is a member of International Education. She en must continue to work and to has traveled in Japan, China pray for this cause until nations of the International Committee and Manchuria and has attendshall find a way by which they of Experts on the White Slave ed from the beginning the Panmay live together without war Traffic. Mme. Luisi is President Pacific Conferences as a memin a world where Jesus' way of of the Alliance of the Women of ber. life is known and followed by Uruguay, President of Honour all men. and founder of the Uruguay Na- On Friday, February 5, a din- tional Council of Women and of ner was given to the women NOTES FROM GENEVA the Uruguayan-Argentine Abo- delegates to the Disarmament lition Committee, and a member Conference by the Disarmament The five women delegates to of the International Alliance for Com mit tee of International the International Disarmament Suffrage and Equal Citizenship. Women's Organizations. Most Conference at Geneva are Mrs. She was also appointed a dele- of the fifteen organizations con- Corbett Ashby of Great Britain, gate of her government to the stituting the committee were Miss Winnifred Kydd of Can- Fourth International Labor Con- represented. ada, Dr. Pauline Luisi of Uru- ference and to the Congress of guay, Mme. Paradowska-Szela- Social Hygiene in Paris. The dinner was presided over gowska of Poland and Dr. Mary by Madame Ramondt-Hirsch- Emma Woolley of the United Mme. AnnaParadowska-Szela- mann of the Women's Interna- States. gowska is Vice-President of the tional League for Peace and Polish Progressive Women's As- Freedom who, before introduc- Mrs. Corbett Ashby, who took sociation, head of the Interna- ing the delegates, spoke of the a degree at Cambridge, was tional Section and member of symbolic significance of the eight formerly President of the Wom- the General Council of the Women's Liberal Party of Great Bri- en's Association for Social Serv- millions of signatures to the tain and a distinguished leader ice in Poland. She was appoint- peace petitions from men and of the Constitutional Suffragette ed Assistant Delegate in the Pol- Movement. She is President of ish Government's delegation to women all over the world and of the International Alliance of the 12th Assembly of the League the influence they might exer- Women for Suffrage and Equal of Nations and she propounded cise on the Disarmament Con- Citizenship as well as President there in the name of the Polish ference as representing the earnof the British branch of the Government a resolution con- est desire of millions of human same organization. cerning the women's participa- beings to be allowed to live nor- tion in the delegations sent by mal, peaceful lives. Miss Winnifred Kydd, M.A., McGill University, has taken an Dr. Woolley stated her imactive interest in social move- pression of solidarity among the ments. She is a former President of the National Council of women's international organiza- Women of Canada. She repre-

tions in working towards the live we shall not take up arms ficult part of the field, his own comachievement of a great end. against each other." munity.

Miss Kydd said that she had The Prince of Wales, Premier The address was concluded traveled all over Canada and had Bennett and President Hoover by the following challenge to noted with satisfaction the educational value of signing the pe- are to be invited to the dedica- faithfulness: titions, and believed that such education helped to form public tion and the Governors of all All life is an adventure, and if we opinion in all countries, and that states, Premiers of provinces are to interpret Christ today we must the cause of disarmament would and of republics. not fear the risk. Men venture every be g rea t 1y strengthened by day for possibilities only. Cannot the women's work in that respect. An International Peace Picnic Christian take the risk for Christ? will be held at the time of dedi- But risk is only one side of adventure; Mme. Paradowska-Szelagow- cation. no adventure is ever brought to a good ska emphasized the necessity for issue without its prosaic activities. moral disarmament and for an There will probably be a uni- There are pitfalls to escape, heights intensive education of youth to versal broadcast as one of the to climb, dragons to be slain, but there dispel the clouds of hate and International Radio Corpora- are long stretches of fiat, dull road fear which were still a heritage tions has requested the privilege, along which the adventurer must plod. of the great war. and arrangements are being The Christian cannot achieve his ad- made. venture in one long thrill of enthusi- Dr. Luisi also stressed the asm; he must carry it through the great value of educating youth The endowment of $5,000,000 weary miles when he can just drag in pacific aspirations and told of is being raised by popular sub- one foot after another; the last lap is the work being accomplished in scription. The first cash contri- the one that counts; he must press Uruguay, Brazil and Argentine bution from Canada was the on, not only when his enthusiasm in revising the texts of history gift of a school girl in New enables him to mount on wings like books and inculcating the ideas Brunswick, being prize money an eagle, not only when his strength of political arbitration instead is able to run and not be weary, but of war. won by her exhibits at the local most of all when the utmost he can summer fair, her own personal do is to walk and not faint. That is Mrs. Ashby pointed out that donation to the Peace Garden. the way of the adventurer who would the great task of preventing war interpret his Master to the life of belonged to men and women ADVENTURE AND COM- today, in perhaps the hardest spot on alike for the very existence of earth-his own community. the race was at stake. MUNITY WILL YOU BE ONE? A new member has been wel- Dr. Mabel Cartwright, who is comed into the Disarmament "Thy gentleness hath made Committee of Women's Inter- President of the Woman's Auxnational Organizations – Ligue iliary, Ontario Diocese, Church me great," sang the Psalmist. des Femmes Oberigues et His- of England, gave a stirring adpano-Americaines. This organ- dress at the Annual Meeting of On the Peace stamps, issued ization comprises women from the Home Missions Council and all the South American coun- Council of Women for Home by the Council of Women for tries as well as from Spain and Missions at Toronto, on the Home Missions to further the Portugal. theme, "Adventure and Com- munity." Concerning the adven- Eva C 1ark Waid A PEACE GARDEN ture of peace, she spoke as fol- Memorial Fund for W 0 rId Peace, is The United States is joining lows: "the dove of peace" with Canada in the establish- flying over the great ment of an International Peace There is the adventure of peace; wide world. The Garden to be located about peace has become the supreme adven- w hit e bird may thirty miles from the exact geo- ture of our civilization. It ought to see m ineffective graphic center of North Amer- be natural for the Christian to think against battleships and aerial ica. Manitoba and North Da- of men and women as children of our warfare, and yet it rests not kota have each given 1,500 acres Father. The adventure of love is day or night but flies on symmaking a total of 3,000 acres. greater than the adventure of hate; and if the Christian is to make the bolically over the war-cursed This Peace Garden will be adventure of peace today he must do dedicated on July 14, 1932, the it with energy and passion, with a areas. suggested words of the dedica- positive faith in the patience and It will be remembered by the tion being, "To God in His power of God. Every warrior of peace Glory, we two nations speaking is called to a warfare with ignorance many who knew Mrs. Waid that a common language, dedicate and disease, with sin and hatred, with she gave herself wholeheartedthis Garden and pledge our- lust and cruelty, a warfare in our ly to bringing peace among the selves that as long as men shall own community where there are ig- norant ones to be taught, children to nations in our day. be trained and protected, sinners to The goal of the Fund is ten be shown the way of repentance, strangers and lonely ones to be be- thousand dollars to be invested friended, the spirit of unkind, malici- and the interest used annually ous gossip to be cast out by the spirit for the Council's work of Inter- of charity. The social unit is the national Relations. The plan neighborhood, and the adventurer for includes the idea of ten thousand peace must not only pour his prayers women each using a dollar's and support into the machinery of the worth of the Peace stamps to League of Nations, but must work out establish the Eva Clark Waid goodwill towards men in that very dif- Memorial Fun d for World Peace.

INDIA-BURMA The second baptism was that Victory for the

of Haidar Ali, a Mohammedan Movement Among Higher sent by the pastor of the Jullun- The untouchables in India are Castes dur Church. He declared that now demanding permission to it is the purpose of his life to bathe in the Ganges, says the The Telugu country has been enter the theological college and Rev. C. F. Andrews. famous for its mass movement preach the Word of Life in towards Christianity among the Christ to Mohammedans. In the village of Vykom, the lowest castes. In the same area untouchables were forbidden to during the last five years there The third baptism was that of pass through a certain road, has been a notable movement to- a mother and child from a hum- which ran near the temples. wards Christianity among the ble village home. The mother Some determined to defy the rehigher castes. During this pe- had been taught by her husband striction and, with some of riod over 20,000 people from the and by a Presbyterian mission- Gandhi's followers, marched in higher caste Hindu communities ary at Kasur. procession down this road. The have j 0 i ned the Christian orthodox Brahmins came and Church, and every year over 2,- The fourth baptism was that beat them. The rebels against 000 such people continue to ac- of Khan Mohammad, his wife tradition took it without comcept Christ. and baby. plaint, but the next morning they came again, and were again A potent influence in this re- Fully realizing that baptism beaten. After several days of markable movement has been meant persecution and suffering, this procedure the Brahmins the changed life of the outcaste isolation and enmity, these peo- called the police and had the Christians. The coming into the ple still were bold to accept with marchers arrested and sent to church of such large numbers of joy the sign and seal of their prison. Hundreds more conthe higher castes is making new faith in Christ and promised to tinued to come. Finally, the demands on the leadership.· A go forth and bear witness to the Government put a cordon of new type of religious and devo- d eat h and resurrection of police across the road and Gandtionalliterature is needed, and a Christ, no matter what the op- hi's followers stood in front of better educated and equipped position might be among their the cordon, in the attitude of ministry is in demand. If this Mohammedan friends. prayer for twelve hours daily, in movement continues the stigma six-hour shifts. Mr. Andrews usually attached to Christian -Rev. Frank B. Llewellyn, said, "the orthodox Brahmins converts that they are from the Kasur, India. still occasionally beat them, but outcastes will disappear, and they gradually grew ashamed, Christian life and thought will All-India Christian Conference and the villagers loved them begin to be influenced by Indian more and more." culture which is the peculiar pos- The All-India Christian Consession of the middle class Hin- ference, an organization of In- At last, after a year and four dus of the higher castes. dian Protestant Christians, met months, the Brahmins gave in in annual session at Poona early and sent away the police. They -Po O. Philip in The Chris- in February. The conference re- said, "We cannot stand this any tian Century. affirmed its approval of the es- longer. You may pass through tablishment of a united church the road." Four Recent Baptisms for India; viewed with regret the general apathy of the Indian The s t rug g I e had been Recent baptisms of four peo- Christian community towards ple from Lyallpur, a village near the swadeshi movement for pro- watched with great interest all Lahore, are of unusual interest moting home industries and and spiritual significance. S. handicrafts; con d e m ned in over India. "Their bravery and Narindar, Singh Nibbar, after strong terms anarchy, murder he had wavered between Christi- and violence of all kinds; and their victory," said Mr. Ananity and Hinduism for seven urged the Government not to reyears, presented himself for sort to repressive measures to drews, "have opened to the unbaptism. Although he was a check civil disobedience. It was mature man of forty-seven decided to appeal to the National touchables not only that one foryears, and one of authority in Congress to discard the civil dishis home, he had to come steal- obedience movement. bidden road, but all the roads thily for fear his relatives might hear of his intentions. -Po O. Philip. that had been forbidden to them in Southern India. Untoucha- bility in India is dying."

-Alice Stone Blackwell, in The World Tomorrow.

[241]

A Christian Party megal not the case. Many non-Chris- the other section, thirty-nine have tians feel that just as sterling taken the stand. The headman of Under the special ordinances has gone off the gold standard, the village remains outside, and like promulgated by the Viceroy all Christianity in several of these many other chiefs is determined to organizations connected with countries has gone off the Christ cause trouble. The Christians of the the Indian National Congress standard. In his 'History of north section have asked that they and having sympathies with it Japanese Religion' recently pub- be allowed to go over to the other can be declared to be illegal. The lished, Dr. M. Anesaki of the side. Permission was refused, and Christian Nationalist Party of Tokio Imperial U n i v e r sit y they are told that they must not even Bombay has now come under writes: 'Many people call mod- erect a building for worship. Furthis ban. It was composed of ern civilization Christian, but it thermore, if they continue in the faith Christian. Indians of various de- is evident to every unbiased ob- they must remove themselves to a nominations, including the Ro- server that Christianity is not place far from the village and from man Catholic, who were in sym- taking the lead in civilization, their rice lands. The converts remain pathy with the Congress. To but is struggling to accommo- firm-they have decided to erect their avoid the arrest by Government date itself to it.' This is the place of worship and await the headthe committee of the party has view of educated Indians." The man's move. Weare looking forward been dissolved. Reformer adds, "Indians outside to a gratifying increase among the Christianity are reconstructing Tangkhul Christians in the near fu- Plain Speaking ture. There are more than 400 con- verts in this village of Tushen. A British officer in charge of for themselves the Christ idea." Criminal Tribes Work in Shola- – Watchman-Examiner. pur believes that the only perma- Indian Scholar's Testimony nent way of reclamation is the CHINA one that leads to Christian citi- Mr. Chunilal Mukerji, Bengali zenship. After visiting a Boys' Christian scholar and author The Commercial Press Loss Reformatory in the same dis- who accepted Christ in 1922, in trict an English judge declared an article contributed to Dnyan- The American Bible Society to those in charge, "these people odaya, says: lost valuable books and plates need what you and the Christian through the destruction of the religion can do for them." A I regard the New Testament as of- Commercial Press in Chapei, non-Christian instructor arose fering the most complete religion to Shanghai. Two members of the in a staff conference with repre- human beings: First, because it is Bible Society's native staff who sentatives from all over the based on love as shown by its un- resided in the war area were presidency and said: "The Scout wearied attemp,ts at the alleviation of also reported missing. The Comand Guide movements are good human suffering. mercial Press was the largest so far as they go, but they do not publishing plant in Asia, and go far enough. These people Secondly, it grew out of actual employed about 1,500 workers. dealings with men and women of di- It printed many of the Scripneed something more vital than verse natures which oftentimes proved tures published by the Amerimoral training. They need re- a source of unspeakable tribulation, can Bible Society in Chinese and ligion." When someone asked: as the epistles of St. Paul ceaselessly printed much other Christian lit- "But it was the Hindu religion exemplify. erature. The loss in investment for which you were pleading, was about $3,000,000. was it not?" he replied, "No, Thirdly, it meets, as such, the manthese Criminal Tribes need a ifold requirements of human life. Christianity in China way of life that will teach them to live together in love. The Fourthly, it inculcates spiritual The Christian Church has Mohammedan religion does not principles which are not so abundant- been steadily growing in China teach us that; nor does the Hin- ly found in non-Christian scriptures for a century. The fact that its du religion. I mean the Chris- and which are capable of endless di- membership is much larger than tian religion." versification. that of the Nationalist Party is in itself eloquent. What is, how- Fifthly, it is not a complacent rev- ever, of far greater moment is eling in pious speculation, but a body that it has a group of leaders of of utterances begotten of the deep whom Dr. Cheng Ching-yi, sec- travail of consecrated hearts. retary of the National Christian Council of China, is an out- Sixthly, it embodies a system of standing example-men of cour- unimpeachable ethics. age, brain, will, and sacrificial devotion. The National Chris- Seventhly, every word of this won- tian Council, on Dr. Cheng's in- derful faith is sealed with blood, for spiration, has called all the almost all the apostles died martyrs. Christian community in China in this hour of peril to their land "Oft' the Christ Standard" Four Hundred Converts not to make Christians National- ists, but to make the nation A Hindu newspaper, The In- . From the northeast area of Christian. A concrete educationdian Social Reformer, comments Manipur State, Assam, are re- al, evangelistic and social "Five on the report of the Lindsay ports of new villages having Year Plan" of action for doub- Commission on Christian Higher yielded to the claims of Chris- Education: "Throughout their tianity. A Baptist missionary, report the commissioners tacitly William Pettigrew, of Kangpokassume that Christianity is to- pi, tells of what is going on in day the same stable factor in Tushen: the countries from which mis- The village of more than 100 houses sions come as it was seventy is in two sections; the whole of one section, forty-six houses, has accepted years ago. This, of course, is Christ. Of the fifty-four houses in

OUR WORLD-WIDg OUTLOOK

ling the membership of the 46% were Christians with most hear the devil laughing, Christian community and edu- church affiliations. Religious "What can you do now?-I have cating it for the service of God work has been carried on as finished him." and man in China is being vig- usual, and has been quite· satis- -Dr. William H. Dobson, orously prosecuted, a spiritual factory, in spite of troublous Yeungkong, China. counterpart to the Soviet Five times. Fellowship Groups and Year Plan of economic advance. Bible classes were organized at Military Occupation The New Government the beginning of the term, and Owing to the large number of government troops gathered in Christian leadership appears they have been well attended. Yencheng, Honan, to fight the to be less prominent in the new The work of the Seminary is rebel army, every available government than in its prede- prospering. A new constitution building was commandeered for cessor. Nevertheless Christian- billeting the troops. The generity is more free from attacks has been worked out, definitely al and his headquarters staff octhan was formerly the case. defining the relation of the Sem- cupied the mission compound. With the exception of Kiangsi and perhaps parts of Hupeh, inary to the University. Twelve Two machine guns were on the ground with the gunners students are in attendance. En- tire enrollment in the Univer- sity is 1,988.

where communists are active, Superstition and Doctors standing by and the guard with Christians go about their work fixed bayonets. In spite of this much as usual. Christian schools In South China if a person is formidable appearance of the are going forward, though there too ill to recover he must not be entrance to the church, hundreds are losses in elementary schools, allowed to expire in a hospital of Christians passed through and one senses a more hopeful or any other strange house, or this gate as usual for services.

spirit throughout the whole his spirit will haunt his earthly This is only one of many mili- Christian movement. home. tary occupations in recent years.

Hopeful Reaction Some time ago I was called to After the evacuation the mis- see a young man in great pain. sionary returned to find his resi- A reaction from the law pro- While on the way I met a sedan dence among the other buildings hibiting religious teaching in chair with the patient sitting up- occupied. Three months later schools is apparent among the right, undergoing the bouncing the soldiers vacated, leaving a pupils. Tunghsien reports that which the stiff chairs and poles legacy of dirt and vermin which there is whole-hearted partici- make in this region. After all made the succeeding summer pation in all religious activities sorts of methods to relieve his months very trying. at Goodrich Girls' School. There obstruction, his folks were told is a "Church Members' Meet- that an operation was the only The Yencheng church suping," with an average attend- way to save his life; that he had ports its pastor and other Chrisance of fifty, and a Bible class of six chances out of ten to live. tian workers, and is trying to from eighteen to twenty mem- The father of the young man reach out into its parish of a bers. From sixty to ninety girls consented to the operation, but million souls with the Gospel. attend church every Sunday the women said "No!" The last annual conference was attended by eight hundred morning and every girl in the They took the boy home to die Christians from various parts of senior class is either a member because they were afraid if he the district and the messages or on probation. All this is ab- died away from home his spirit from the Word of God were a solutely voluntary. The girls would haunt them, seeking his means of blessing and inspirasing hymns before they go to home. tion to many hearts. Fifty out bed, as they used to do in the old With every patient brought to of many candidates examined days. the hospital the doctor must for baptism were received.

The Rev. George W. Shepherd, state that he is sure the treat- Pray for an increase during now in Ingtai, reports that every ment will cure. If not, they this year in spite of flood, brigboy and girl in the two mission take away the patient. andage, and civil strife.

schools voluntarily attends both As a result of such supersti- -Rev. Ernest J. Davis, China church school and w,orship on tion only the girl slaves, con- Inland Mission. Sunday. In addition there are cubines and a low type of men fifteen volunteer teachers who submit to serious operations or meet weekly with the missionary JAPAN-CHOSEN and the pastor for teacher train- treatments. None of them go The Grievance Against Shanghai until they have tried the whole ing. University of Shanghai gamut-superstitious practices, Shanghai is the source of native quackery and old wives' much trouble for Japan, for it is potions. the headquarters of the efficient In 1930, 43% of the students By the time the patient lands organized boycott on Japanese in the University of Shanghai in the hospital he is a physical exports into China. It is also were Christians. In 1931, about and financial wreck-one can al- the headquarters of a Korean

"provisional government" which Selling Girls Since a large number of the has kept the movement for inde- The depression, according to theological students belong to pendence alive in Korea. Shang- the New York Times, has this church, they are trained in hai is also the source of consid- brought back to two villages in Sunday School and church work. erable communist propaganda the Yamagata Prefecture the which finds its way into Japan. practice of selling young girls. There are 12 elders, all of It is a center of industrial un- Out of 469 girls in West Kokuni them Japanese, three of whom rest, and from its shops have between the ages of fifteen and are women. There are 16 deagone tons of anti-Japanese prop- twenty-five, 110, in r e c e n t cons, five of whom are women. aganda. months, have been sold to the The Sunday School has an av- keepers of licensed brothels and erage attendance of 170. There Japan w ish e s to control more than 100 have been placed are 35 teachers and officers in Shanghai and the lower Yangtze as waitresses in cafes of tea its three departments. Then because of the economic poten- houses of ill repute in neighbor- there is a Ladies' Aid Society of tialities of its hinterland. Japan ing towns. The prices paid about 100 members; a .Men's formerly shared in the operation range from $150 to $400, but a Bible Class which meets once of huge smelters near Hankow, commission is deducted for brok- every week for study; a C. E. but these and her forty-two erage. This recurrence of a Society for college boys, and a great textile mills have suffered practice largely obsolete led to Junior Society for high school greatly from industrial unrest. inquiries by prefectural authori- students; two Lydia Societies The occupation of Shanghai and ties and the agricultural depart- for girls of Junior and Senior the lower Yangtze might lessen ment of the Imperial University. age; and a Y. M. C. A. for stuthese hostilities and permit Ja- It seems 85 per cent of the land dents of the Sendai Imperial pan to continue the exploitation of that county is covered by gov- University. of those invaluable minerals ernment forests in which the while trade, relieved of the peasants have no rights. The -Dr. Elmer H. Zaugg. weight of the boycott, expands. amount of arable land is not great enough to support the Increase of Religious Sects -The Christian Century. people, and some years ago the district purchased from the gov- The phenomenal development The Influence of Christianity ernment some of the waste of various religious cults among woodland. This cost half a mil- the Japanese proves their desire No amount of sophistry will lion dollars of which West Ko- for assurance of spiritual realihide the fact that it is the Chris- kuni, with a population of about ties in a world of stress and tian workers and Christian 4,700, had to undertake $7,500. strain. The "Human Way" cult, civilization that have lifted Taxation has risen and the vil- though less than five years old, Japan above the darkness of old lage is now in arrears more than is said to have 200,000 adherideas and backward customs, $15,000. Salaries are unpaid ents, among whom are educaand put her on the path of prog- and this year, to add to the dis- tors, government officials and ress and higher culture. tress, crops failed. military leaders. It is signifi- cant that few of these sects offer Let us ask who it was that A Live College Church any material or economic adtaught us in this struggle for vantages, though some promise uplifting ourselves! The answer healings of bodily infirmities to is perfectly simple. The Chris- the most faithful.

tians and Christian ideas of love, When the North Japan Chris- National Presbyterian Ohurch humanity, justice, and proprie- tian College in Sendai grew larg- of Korea ty, therefore Christianity. J ap- er we came to feel the need for The National Presbyterian a n e s e Christians professing a religious organization within Church of Korea has been ortheir belief in the Bible and go- the school that would exert a ganized eighteen years. It is a ing to churches may not be large, thoroughly self-respecting, indebut the Japanese men and wom- direct Christian influence upon pendent Church; has adopted and revised its own standards; en who think as good Christians the students and that would and incidentally has developed a do without knowing it, and are provide facilities for training group of constitutional lawyers propagating and acting up to fully able to hold their own with the students to do Christian the sargons of Presbyterianism, Christian ideas are innumerable. work after they left the school. whether in Scotland or the In fact, it may be said without So about eight years ago the United States. It faces its reexaggeration that if Christian- sponsibilities unafraid; ordains ity as a religion be making but school church was organized its workers, conducts its mission slow progress in Japan, the work at home and abroad; han- Christian ideas may be said to with 93 charter members and have already conquered the . each year the number has incountry. creased by about 100, so that now there are about 758 mem- bers. From the standpoint of numbers it is one of the largest -Japan Times. churches in this part of Japan. dles its finances; encourages its

OUR WORLD-vYIDE OUTLOOK

woman's work; administers dis- ISLANDS OF THE SEA gard it as a sacred trust. Aloha from cipline; guards its prerogatives the Hawaiian Islands and a merry carefully; at the same time it co- Aloha Na Makamaka Hawaii Christmas to the American Board! operates most cordially and fraternally with the missions labor- Across nearly six thousand The Independent Church ing side by side with it for the miles-from Boston to Honolulu accomplishment of the big task -the first radio-telephonic mes- The Aglipayan Church of the of evangelizing the 20,000,000 of sage was sent Wednesday eve- Philippines is a combination of Korea's population. Only one- ning, December 23, 1931, from about 10 per cent high church fortieth of the people are as yet New England to Hawaii, and a Episcopalianism, about 85 per Christian. brief conversation carried on cent of the kind of nationalism between the American Board represented in America by the A Marvel of Modern History and the Hawaiian Evangelical D. A. R., the old guard Republi- Association, and 111 churches cans and the American Legion, In a period of forty years a of six nationalities in Hawaii. and about five per cent of the thousand Christian churches worship of science. have been established in Korea. Dr. Leavitt delivered the first The growth of the Christian formal radio-telephonic message Doctrinally, the Aglipayan or communities, the early natural- between New England and Independent Church has evolved iuition of Christianity in the Honolulu. He said in part: to the place where it is as far Korean environment, and the from Rome in belief as the far-reaching influence of the re- On this historic occasion the Amer- Philippines is removed from ligion on the thought and life of ican Board of Commissioners for For- Rome in distance, the Catholic the people, have been remark- eign .Missions greets again the Ha- Dictionary to the contrary not- waiian Evangelical Association in the withstanding. Bishop Aglipay able, and the present day Ko- fellowship of a great and common in various statements has speci- purpose. fically repudiated the Catholic rean is awakening under the in- doctrines of the supremacy of For 112 years strong ties have the pope, transsubstantiation, fluence of Western culture. One bound the best that is in America to the adoration of Mary, the celi- the best that is in the Hawaiian bacy of the priesthood, the has only to walk through the Islands, ever since that famous band priest's power to forgive sins, of missionaries embarked on the brig ecclesiastical indulgences, and streets of certain cities on any Thaddeus for the Sandwich Islands in purgatory. On the other hand 1819. his movement is equally fa; Sunday and notice the number f.rom Protestantism. Every Ag- The first act of communication re- hpayan church has its images of closed business shops to un- quired 159 days to complete. Today and every priest wears robes derstand something of the great Boston speaks to Honolulu not only much like those of the Catholic lip to lip, in an instant of time and Church. Although Aglipay was impact that Christianity has annihilating space, but in a deeper friendly with Protestant groups, sense, from soul to soul. there has been a gradual withmade on this land. Christian drawal until now there is little progress in Korea is partly indi- The reply from Honolulu was or no contact. This is largely heard through seven sets of ear due to the strange mixture of cated by the following statistics phones distributed among those ultra-moderJ.ljstism in theology, taken from "The Korean Mis- present. The Hawaiian friends ultra-CatholIc practices, and ul- were assembled in the Throne t r a-nationalistic preachments sion Year Book" for 1928: Room of the Capitol building in which the Independent Church Honolulu. Mr. Arthur Alexan- presents. Total missionaries. . . . . . . . . . 491 der, vice-president of the Ha- waiian Board, said: -The Christian Century. Churches or groups.. . . . . . . . 4,147 Friends .of the American Board: ANew Mission Boat Communicants or full mem- The change that has taken place since the first missionaries arrived in Mrs. Henry W. Peabody is rebers .'……………… . 111,134 March, 1820, is almost incredible. joicing that God has provided Today we are conversing directly with means for the purchase of the Catechumens or probationers 64,697 you in Boston. In 1820 it took over Fukuin Maru. The Association a year to get even a simple question of Baptists for Evangelism in Baptized children ……… . 22,039 answered. We cannot realize the iso- the Orient will operate the boat lation of the early missionaries to in a group of the Philippine Is- Other adherents ………. . 58,318 Hawaii and the hardships that they lands which are now without suffered. In less than f.orty years missionaries. Mrs. Peabody's Sunday Schools, adult and they had made of them a Christian own enthusiastic words written nation. from Orlando, Florida, are: primary …………… . 4,763 They did more than christianize Our prayers are answered and the Sunday School scholars …. . 220,335 Hawaii. They helped the Hawaiian check for the purchase of the Fukuin Government to maintain its inde- Teachers in Sunday Schools. 14,370 pendence. They founded the present school system, and paved the way for Bible Classes (four days or the racial harmony and c.ooperation that is one of the features of our life longer ……………… 3,285 today.

Bible Class attendance, men. 49,218 In 1863 y.our board withdrew its support and transferred the local Bib 1e CIa s s attendance, work to the Hawaiian board. We re- women .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,667 Korean contributions, 1927, yen ………………… 1,245,757 Korean contributions, 1925, yen ………………… 1,147,149 The average gain in number of communicants was an average of 24 per cent, while the average gain in giving was 250 per cent.

–Dnyanodaya.

Maru is in my hands. The cost of training in Sunday schools or meet the increasing needs conmaintenance will be kept down to the otherwise. It is clearly evident fronting it. In addition to all very lowest figure. We can save much that one of the most effective its regular work, it is now act- ways to combat the crime prob- ing as a central agency for the by having our students serve as crew. They will have plenty of time f.or evangelistic work while the ship is in lem in Chicago and other cities relief of the unemployed people port. The zone where the boat will operate is not in the typhoon zone. is to plant the church firmly in of our church. The society is The captain feels perfectly safe in every community with an ag- doing this work most wisely, eftaking his family with him for six fectively and sympathetically." gressive missionary program. The society has increased its months of the year, and his wife is -The Churchman.

such a finely equipped Bible teacher Mohammedan Activities original budget through the centhat she can be a whole faculty if tury from $1,000 to $375,000, needed – especially as the boys will Many Moslems live in New have had some training in the Bible York and vicinity. Most of these and this winter finds its re- School in Manila. come from Syria, Palestine, Tur- sources taxed to the breaking key, Persia, North Africa, Iraq, point with the ceaseless appeals NORTH AMERICA from destitute families.

League of Evangelical Students Arabia and India, and little is The Need for Volunteers being done to bring them into About six years ago the Na- living contact with Christ. Last The missionary enterprise has tional Young Men's Christian year a Christian Armenian, Esa a living challenge to Christian Association organized an inter- Kazazian, from Baghdad, began students of the present generaseminary conference. Some dele- to do work among them, distrib- tion, as was clearly shown at gates desired a doctrinal basis, uting Christian literature and the Buffalo Student Volunteer and, failing to secure it, organ- seeking to win them to Christ. Convention. The opportunity for ized, at Pittsburgh, an inter- Mr. Kazazian was backed in this missionary service is reported by seminary and inter-collegiate work by the American Bible a large number of the mission body with the following article Society, the American Tract So- boards. This reveals a significant in its constitution: ciety, and the American Chris- and urgent need. Nearly 600 Qualifications for membership in the tian Literature 'Society for Mos- openings are definitely financed, lems. Most of these Moslems and 250 other calls, are provileague shall be faith in the Bible as work in factories, and, as Mr. sional on special funds. For the infallible Word of God, and acceptance of the fundamental truths of the Christian religion, such as: The Kazazian says, "are astonished evangelistic work there is urgent Trinity, the virgin birth of Christ, need for 229 ordained men and to learn that some one in Amer- 133 trained women. The edu- His divine and His human nature, His ica cares for their souls." cational field requires 67 men substitutionary atonement, His resurrection from the dead, and His com- A colporteur observed that Mohammedans have lately been and 176 women with adequate ing again.

The League of Evangelical working among Negroes in the preparation and personal quali- Students has gone on success- Pittsburgh region. The Mohamfully and now is planning to es- medan argument is: "Christians fications. Hospital work and tablish in every institution of brought you here as slaves and pioneer medical service calls higher education in North Amer- have oppressed you. We Mo- for the consecrated skill of 67 ica a group devoted to the pro- hammedans are all brothers. The men physicians, 44 women phymotion of spiritual life, and to Bible says Jesus was buried in the propagation of New Testa- Palestine; but here we have a sicians, and 98 nurses. Other ment Christianity. picture of his tomb in India." specialized tasks demand trained agriculturists, carpenters, treas- Chicago a Mission Field There is a definite need for mis- urers, an experienced librarian sionary work to fortify Negroes and a college president.

The need is for intelligent and Chicago offers one of the and others with the Scriptures. earnest Christian youth moved by the spirit of Christ and posigreatest missionary fields in the world, the Ven. Frederick G. Protestant Episcopal Mission tive faith and conviction-and Centenary with adequate preparation. Deis, Archdeacon of Metropoli- tan Chicago, declared. He esti- The 100th anniversary of the Jews Turning to Jesus mated that 25,000 Episcopalians Protestant Episcopal City Misare "lost" to the church in Chi- sion Society of New York City In an Orthodox synagogue of cago at the present time through was celebrated in January at Brooklyn not long ago, during lack of a sufficient missionary special services at the Cathedral certain days of repentance and program and machinery for of St. John the Divine. Bishop prayer, Jews were seen lying on keeping in touch with a shifting Manning, president of the or- their faces crying to God for metropolitan population. ganization, paid the following protection upon them and their Statistics show that the aver- tribute to its growth and useful- persecuted brethren, especially age age of gangsters range from ness: in Russia. One elderly Jew liftseventeen. to twenty-two years. "The society has stretched its ed up his hands towards heaven, Statistics also prove that few of facilities to meet each new op- and in an agony of soul cried our gangsters ever had any portunity and has striven to out: "Oh that Thou wouldest

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

rend the heavens, that Thou wegian Lutheran Church and an ancient horn to call his people wouldest come down. Lord, send the Augustana S y nod. The together for worship. our Messiah, and should the Council held its second annual Jesus of the gentiles be the one, meeting in Chicago on Janu- Last spring the mission cared grant us a sign that we may be ary 26. for the natives in Kokrinnes sure and forgive our guilt Village during the epidemic of toward Him." A changed atti- Interracial Cooperation in influenza. The ninety-four miles tude toward Jesus Christ is in Tennessee between the two villages was evidence, and though inadequate covered by dog-teams spaced in yet shows that contempt is giv- It is encouraging to note the relays to make a continuous ing way to recognition. In a improvement in interracial rela- journey. Baltimore publication, The Med- tions in the southern states. The iator, was an account of a me- activities reported by James D. -The Churchman. morial service for Jesus, which Burton, Secretary of the Interopened with a reading of the racial Commission of Tennessee: LATIN AMERICA Sermon on the Mount. is cheering. Many conferences have been held in the past year Will Mexico be Dry? The Rabbi's sermon consisted and city and county leaders have of six reasons why Jews should been enlisted in the w 0 r k Temperance is making headregard Jesus as a great teacher: throughout the state. Close con- way in Mexico and steps are be- tact is maintained with state ing taken to make the nation (1) Because He lived as a Jew, departments of health, educa- dry. The movement is sponmingled with Jews, and observed their tion and various institutions sored not only by church organfestivals. (2) He died as a Jewish looking to the improvement of izations and women's societies, patriot, for principles and convictions. community life in race relations. but is also promoted by the Gov- (3) His religion was the religion of Better accommodations for col- ernment. In 1929 President Gil the synagogue. He taught the father- ored people have been provided initiated an anti-alcohol camhood of God and the brotherhood of in some localities, an anti-lynch- paign, and began propaganda in man. (4) Jesus was a Jew in His ing bill has been endorsed by schools and other Government criticism of the Jews of His day. (5) white leaders, more adequate organizations; he ordered tem- Jesus was a Jew in that He influenced police protection in Negro com- perance programs regardless of the Jewish race by His personality. munities; better economic and the personal opinion of the In other words, because Jesus was a educational conditions h a v e teachers. Though the present kinsman of the Jews they became of been promoted and morals have administration does not push the world importance. (6) Jesus was a been improved. There is great campaign as did Mr. Gil, the Jew in His influence on the history of need for better state institutions movement has a momentum that humanity. He introduced the ideas of for juvenile delinquents, the will not stop. A recent law Judea into the whole universe. feeble-minded, the sick and the closes saloons from Saturday helpless. Adequate protection, night till Monday morning. Hav- Lutheran Home Mission Council justice and opportunity should ing the saloons closed this one be given to all. day, the biggest spending day of This Council for North Amer- the week, has made a great imica was organized in 1930 to Alaskan News pre s s ion in Zitacuaro. The give encouragement and infor- prison keeper complained that mation in home mission work The United States Govern- he did not get enough men in jail and method; to study and sur- ment is using the old army post on Sunday to work the roads vey home mission fields; to adopt buildings at Fort Gibbon, Alas- during the week. Since Sunday principles according to which ka, as h 0 s pit a 1, orphanage, is the biggest market day, and home mission fields may be oc- school for the blind, etc., for the families come to town from cupied and worked without du- natives. Rowe Hall, which cares miles away, the enforcement of plication of effort and expense for the children, has more than this law is a genuine blessing. and without unfriendly compe- proved its worth, but it must be tition. To carry out this latter closed owing to lack of funds. Disturbance in Central America purpose, it is suggested that Deaconess Bedell of the Episcolocal Home Mission Councils be pal Church hopes to open it as The Central American States formed in all large Lutheran soon as she returns from her are still centers of earthquakes centers where there is a major- furlough. and of political upheavals. San ity of cooperating bodies. Such Salvador has had a recent shorta council has already been or- Henry Moses, mISSIOn lay lived rebellion· and in February ganized in metropolitan New reader and interpreter at the disturbances in San Jose, Costa York and has demonstrated the Protestant Episcopal Mission of Rica, caused the United States feasibility of this procedure. Our Saviour at Tanana is hord- Legation to be abandoned when Bodies cooperating in the na- ing services in the cabins of the the barracks across the street tional organization are the Unit- natives. Blind Paul, for thirty- were being bombarded. A rebeled Lutheran Church, American five years conducted them, using lious movement was led by Man- Lutheran Church, the Lutheran uel Castro Quesada, defeated Free Church, United Danish candidate for president. All Church, Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church of America, Nor-

streets were deserted and busi- been brought into the church. being fought for the right to be ness paralyzed. Costa Rica is a Little settlements and groups Protestants without detriment small mission field occupied by are holding their own services to their citizenship rights.

the Methodist Episcopal Church, in the absence of the missionary, Evangelical Christians are not the Anglicans and the Central and are looking forward eager- to be looked upon as the pro- American Mission. ly to his return visit. teges of foreigners and a for- Brazil Calls Loudly With Iquitos, Peru, as head- eign religion, but as one hundred quarters, missionaries of the In- per cent Peruvians with some- Brazil needs more mission- land South American Union thing in quality which the ordiaries, especially in the Amazon itinerate up and down the hun- nary Peruvian does not possess. valley and the central tablelands. dreds and thousands of miles of The Evangelical church seeks "The vast hinterland, now waterways, a work which has the regeneration of the individshrinking in size because of the only begun to bring results. This ual and aims to convert the comnew motor roads, demands an region has been and is still one munity to tolerance if not to active missionary campaign," of the "uttermost parts," and faith." says Dr. Erasmo Braga, out- with Tibet form the last two – World Dominion. standing Brazilian leader. There regions closed to the Gospel. EUROPE are twenty-three Protestant Protestant Rights in Peru Methodist Union in Britain missionary societies, with about five hundred missionaries, in- The Rev. John Ritchie of Peru A few years ago there were cluding wives, at work in about writes that the maximum of self- five Methodist denominations in eighty stations in Brazil. The government ought to be the nor- Great Britain: the Wesleyan, native Christian staff numbers mal procedure in a Christian the Primitive, the United Free, 713, of whom 250 are ordained Church whose members are led the New Connection, the Bible men. The Evangelicals have 750 of the Holy Spirit. He says: Christians. Then there were organized churches, with over "The native church should be three: the Wesleyan, Primitive 122,000 communicant members, foreign only to the extent of its and the United, which gathered not counting the 350,000 mem- heavenly character and not on in the other two. bers of the German Lutheran account of its earthly deriva- In September, 1932, there will Church in the southern states. tion." be only one. The present population of Brazil Mr. Ritchie says that converts The union has been achieved is over forty million. Thousands are insisting on their status as with patience and goodwill on of cities and towns are un- Peruvians as well as Christians. all sides. Each church has its touched by the Gospel; the vast It is the policy of the church of own distinctive traditions, which interior, with over 1,000,000 In- Rome to exclude Protestants have gathered around them the dians, is practically unreached. from the cemeteries. But the radiance of many memories. Evangelical Christians, under But the union will be complete World's Sunday School Mr. Ritchie's advice, insist on and there will be no minority Convention their rights as Peruvian citizens keeping out of the new church.

The first assemblage of Chris- to use the village cemetery. An African in Liverpool tians from all over the world to "This stand has been successbe held in South America will be fully taken throughout the inte- A convert of Mary Slessor of the World's Sunday School As- rior towns and villages and in Calabar, named Ekarte, went to sociation Convention in Rio de many places Protestants have sea and found himself stranded Janeiro, July 25-31. At least been allowed to use the pub- in Liverpool, where he was led fifty nations will be represented. lic cemetery, thus establishing to undertake the help of other A youth conference will be a precedent which will be diffi- Africans who came on steamers one of the features. In addition cult to overcome. The native to the port. He visits all the to the main program, institutes Christian desires to avoid taking ships which carry African and seminars will be held for a any course which would make crews so that now the men more intensive study of Chris- them a community apart from know him and look to him for tian education in its world-wide their fellow countrymen. help in difficulty.

aspects. For the multitudes who . "The native Evangelical synod Ekarte lives in a little room cannot attend, but who are eager has also refused to establish in a poor quarter. There you to be personally identified with mission schools and is insisting may find him teaching colored the convention, there is an Inter- that their children be received men or children the catechism cessory Prayer Membership. into the state schools and be ac- or hymns or discussing pass- World's Hardest Field corded decent treatment by the port complications. Or he may nun-trained school mistresses: be rushing to the hospital or to During the last two years hos- As teachers become accustomed the police court to help an ar- tility and distrust on the part of to having the children of Evan- rested sailor. The hospitals are Amazonian Indians has been gelicals, intolerance wears down. miles away, and Ekarte has to overcome and 645 converts have The battle is not won but it is walk the whole distance once or

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

twice a week to visit all in which Its initial undertaking was at of the city councils and regional there are colored people. Mirzapur, United Provinces of congresses.

This convert of Miss SIessor India, buying the London Mis- Today in Spain there could be has absolute faith in prayer. sionary Society's £5,220 plant. employed as preachers and lec- A writer in Life and Work says: In West China it is working turers all the pastors working "On one occasion I brought a with Bishop Cassels, and in in all the Spanish-speaking parcel of food for himself, South China it has absorbed the countries. There are less than knowing that if I gave him Emmanuel Medical Mission at· a hundredth part of the workers money he would directly give it Nanning, formed by Dr. and needed, and these are so poor to others. When I presented it he Mrs. Lechmere Clift. In Burma that even those who receive the remarked that he had been pray- it has begun extensive missions highest salaries would be unable ing for three seamen who were and has taken over the Deaf and to eat in the United States, not destitute and starving and now Dumb School and Orphanage for to speak of rent and clothing.

the answer had come. Within evangelizing the eleven thousand The highest salary for a pastor four days he had got one of deaf mutes of Burma. in Madrid in terms of dollars them a position on a liner going North Africans in France would be $40 a month. Their back to Africa. A week later congregations are also poor.

he secured similar positions for At present there are about Germany and England are dothe other two." 110,000 North Africans, Ber- ing something but their help is -Ernest Gordon. bers, Arabs and Kabyls from meager. If the North Ameri- Algiers in France. Many of can boards working in Latin Religious Interest in England them have come in contact with America could help Spain at present they would help the The statistics published in the Prc)testant missionaries in their work in all Spanish-speaking official yearbook of the Church home lands and while in Paris countries, because Spain is now of England give grounds for an attend Protestant services. A becoming more and more the group of Mohammedans comes leader in all those countries. encouraging view of the state of regularly an hour's ride by bus religion in that country today. -Juan Ortz Gonzales. During 1930 there were in the to take part in the meetings and 12,801 Anglican parishes 420,- the driver, a Kabyl, leaves his Protestant Academies in 281 baptisms, or about 75 per bus parked in the street to go Germany cent of the total number of in himself. A former student of births registered in England in El-Ahzar University is an at- The most noticeable way of that year. Add the baptisms in tendant at services, and a Kabyl balancing the German budget Methodist, Congregational, Bap- who became a Christian and re- has been by reducing the salaries tist and other churches and it be- turned to his home country re- of state officials of all classes. comes evident that the number ports that, notwithstanding con- Particularly drastic is the deciof families that ignore religious stant peril of life, he has so far sion that out of 15 pedagogical observances must be small. For distributed about 1,250 portions academies, in which since the the attendances at religious wor- of the Bible among his people. war the ele~entary school teach- ship the yearbook estimates that A New Spain ers have been trained, only six the attendance of "adult regular will remain, and how long those worshippers" at Anglican serv- Last summer I traveled 4,500 will remain open is uncertain. ices is at least 6,500,000. The miles in Spain and talked with It is significant of present poaddition of Non-Conformist more than fifty Protestant pas- litical conditions that the nine Church worshippers would bring tors, representing different de- academies sacrificed are all the total number up to about 10,- nominations. Protestant, while the two Cath- 000,000. Though the number of Span- olic academies, and the one in ish Protestants is small (scarce- Frankfurt with no religious af- Bible Churchmen's Society ly 12,000 among more than 22 filiations, will continue their The Bible Churchmen's Mis- millions) , the Evangelical move- work. This means that the sionary Society was organized in ment has been an important fac- Catholic influence has bee n 1922 by members of the Church tor in bringing about the re- strong enough to protect their of England and in the seven public. Some of the secretaries cultural institutions, while the years of its existence its yearly in the present government were Protestants are not in sympathy income has passed from £25,144 pupils in Protestant schools, and with the present Prussian govin 1923 to £57,000 in 1930, in an are not ashamed to confess it in ernment. uninterrupted increase. It has public. I found everywhere -The Christian Century.

commissioned 116 British mis- that, among the most influential Religious Interest in Bulgaria sionaries and has 68 in training. men of this government, Prot., Ten of these are physicians and estantism is well thought of. A wave of religious interest there are already 87 native Some of our pastors have even seems to have appeared in the workers. It is pledged to pioneer been offered the office of provin- University of Sofia. Not only is advance wherever possible. cial governor or the presidency the Bulgarian Student Chris-

tian movement at a high point merly American Presbyterian pIe in evangelism; vacation Bible Schools; an aroused in its activity, but a strong Mission, Cameroons, and Mrs. "Health Sense"; intensive study of Egypt's agricultural removement among Russian stu- H. D. Hooper, formerly Church sources with a resultant lessen- ing of rural poverty; better dents has also come into promi- Missionary Society, Kenya, as roads-a challenge to the evan- gelist, and finally greater lennence. The three days' confer- associate editors. Mr. Hubert iency on the part of the govern- ment toward Christian instrucence of the Russian movement W. Peet, of the Far and Near tion.

in Sofia, just closed, was the Press Bureau, is managing edi- A Wordless Worship first ever held there, and one of . tor. Men calling themselves prophthe best held anywhere in recent ets have been a recurring feayears by Russians, according to Effects of Christian Education ture of the Christian movement in West Africa. More than a an experienced leader who was The answers given below were year ago such a man began to written by students at the close preach and heal on the western present. New cooperation be- of a year's course on "Problems border of the Ekiti country. His of Religion," given at the Amer- method is to pray, quote Psalms, tween all Russian student or- ican University at Cairo. lead in singing hymns, preach the coming of the end of the age, ganizations in the University of I used to believe that tying rags to then call on his hearers to sur- Sofia was one by-product of the tombs and lighting candles at them render their idols and confess would bring good luck, but now I be- their sins. Water brought by meeting. the credulous is blessed and lat- -Donald A. Lowrie in the er drunk for their healing. Tak- ing advantage of this awakened Christian Century. zeal, two missionaries of the C. M. S. opened work at Kpata, in Athens School of Religion Closes lieve nothing of that sort. This course the Bassa country. A school has made me see that true religion was started, although it had no equipment beyond a blackboard, The School of Religion at should lift the standard of my con- and a hundred children attend- Athens, the only surviving duct.-A Palestinian Moslem. ed. A dispensary opened and there were fifty patients a day. American Board school for the This course has strengthened my Last February a message came training of religious leaders for belief in a good God. – A Russian from villages in the bush: all of the Near East, is to be Atheist. "Please send us some one to help closed next June, according to us! We do not even know how I believe this course has taught me to pray." This it was impos- what true religion is. If I have sible to do but a few months lat- er another message came saying learned only this from the course, it that they had built a church. present plans. It is arranged is enough.-A Palestinian Moslem. They had given up their market that the training for leadership In primary schools, I learned that on Sunday, and met in the the Koran was the true word of God church; there they stand up, given at the New Bulgarian -perfectly correct, no mistakes and kneel, sit down, but no one says Seminary and at the Beirut no errors. I could not discuss with a word, for they do not know what to say, or how to pray. School for Religious Workers of my teacher that this was not right or he would have beaten me and might Basuto and Barotse the Presbyterian Mission may to have expelled me from school. – An some extent make up for the Egyptian Moslem. In the oldest field of the Paris loss, but the regrettable action Evangelical Missionary Society was unavoidable, owing to finan- -Recent Bull e tin of the -Basutoland-t h e church is cial conditions. American University. looking forward to celebrating its centenary in 1933. Basu- AFRICA Egypt's Problems and Progress toland feels the world depres- sion, but in spite of prevailing Listen to Africa Miss Finney of the American poverty the church maintains a Mission at Tanta, Egypt, out- healthy growth. The number The International Committee lines some of the problems met of declared new converts has on Christian Literature for Af- there. As rural mission schools risen from 2,000, the average rica has planned to issue a pe- are being replaced by the better riodical to be published six times equipped government schools, a year, for village people and the need arises for preaching school children in Africa. It centers to become the nucleus of will be called Listen, News from future churches. The increase Near and Far. The publication of government schools enlarges of the paper has been made pos- the reading public, thus calling sible by the generous financial for larger supplies of good readsupport of the American Com- ing material, and providing a mittee on Christian Literature widening opportunity. for Women and Children in Mission Fields. It will be pub- The national aspirations of lished in English, and it is present day Egyptians must be hoped that it will be read by met by inspiring the younger teachers and others who know generation to real service for English in the villages, and in their country. Addiction to narclasses in schools where English· cotics, the difficulties of converts is taught. The Rev. H. Stover from Islam and woman's posi- Kulp, of the Church of the tion under Islam never cease to Brethren Mission, Nigeria, is be problems. editor of the paper, with Miss Jean Kenyon Mackenzie, for- As to progress, Miss Finney 1i s t s decreasing fanaticism; greater interest of young peo-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

annual increase for years past, ans and the Chinese. Out of stantinople correspondent of the to 3,000. As to church contri- t his preliminary conference Manchester Guardian, particu- butions for support and exten- came plans for an International larly affects many foreign insti- sion, this year's diminution is Club. The Chinese and Indians tutions of education, which are only £740 (£7,302 as against favor the purchase of a build- m 0 s t I y missionary and are £8,042 in 1929), and of this ing at once. This absorbingly founded for religious purposes.

£7,302, £407 was for work interesting enterprise has met Angora claims to have estab- among their countrymen on the with the unanimous approval of lished religious liberty, but on Rand. The main development all races and should provide the the other hand monastic associ- is in the mountain region of the contacts out of which a spirit of ation is denied, and the Angora Maloutis, which occupy more understanding may develop be- leaders have abandoned Islam.

than two-thirds of the country, tween the vanguard of each There is no interference with reliand to which the increase of group. gious worship, and the mosques are population drives more and more -The Congregationalist. still well frequented by the working and lower middle-classes. Six thouinhabitants every year.. These WESTERN ASIA sand clergy, hodjas and imams and muezzins, are paid out of the budget have been ministered to by na- Three American Colleges of the state, though there has been tive evangelists, supervised by fully ordained native pastors, Seventy-six years ago a ship some protest. but the growing complexity of sailed from New York for the The Angora leaders do not think it the situation requires a Euro- Orient bearing two men of despean worker, and it is hoped tiny, Daniel Bliss and Tillman advisable for the organization of re- ligion to be outside state control. It that one may soon be installed. gives them a better hold on the preachers. But its semi-establishment -The Christian. C. Trowbridge, who with Cyrus does not mean its state recognition. Hamlin, already a missionary at It is really a police measure. Younger Generation Sacrifice Constantinople, were to be col- The Guardian's correspond- Many young Christians in An- lege builders in the Near East. ent finds an intellectualist, magola, West Central Africa, have Robert College, founded by Dr. terialist, modernist spirit, torefused positions that would Hamlin, is now in its sixty- gether with a natural reaction mean comparative wealth in or- eighth year. 'Syrian Protestant against all that was the foundader to continue teaching under College, founded by Dr. Bliss tion of the Imperial regime. conditions little short of pover- and now the American Univerty, reports Dr. Henry S. Hollen- sity of Beirut, is in its sixty- When it comes to interreli- fifth year. Dr. Trowbridge re- gious propaganda, the question beck, of Sachikela. They have turned to America sixty years dedicated their lives not only to ago to take the steps necessary is very different: the school activities but to evan- for the establishment of a third gelistic efforts. They find a college at Aintab, now Aleppo Here the Turks remain extremely growing desire for the Christian College. sensitive. Recently there have been message in unoccupied villages. several cases of protests and police This youngest of the three col- investigations regarding supposed leges received public endorse- conversions to Christianity effected by ment at the annual meeting of for e i g n educational institutions. the American Board in Salem in "They teach on meager allow- 1872, and was to embody plans Whenever such cases arise there is a ances, and one young man re- far in advance of the time. The popular call for the expUlsion of forfused a position as carpenter other two colleges had been eign educational orders and establishfor a prosperous company even chartered by the State of New after considerable pressure was York as American institutions, ments. brought to bear upon him, and The g,overnment sends investigators he was told he might name his own salary." and sometimes favors the idea of re- quiring that the directors of such in- stitutions shall be Turks. It is forced by public opinion to prevent all lib- erty of religious propaganda. Ango- ra's main preoccupation is to keep all Four Races Confer the ideal being a foreign college, its citizens very Turkish and na- tional. Chinese, Indians, Eurafri- independent of the mission, on A certain amount of Christian cans, Bantu, one Scotchman, an Turkish soil. The initiative for Englishman and an American the founding of the college at p,ropaganda does go on. The New sat down together recently and Aintab had come from the native Testament is now being translated discussed ways and means for churches. into the new Turkish language by a developing interracial under- committee in which Turks take part. standing in Johannesburg. The Religious Liberty in Turkey 2,000 Chinese have nothing in -Literary Digest. Liberty of worship in Turkey Wireless Station at Mecca common with the 10,000 Indi- appears to manifest itself large- The Moslem World (New ans, nor the Indians with the ly in religious indifference, ex- York) reports that the Marconi rest. The 30,000 Eurafricans cept among Christians. Company has asked the Egyp- are scarcely better off. The There is strong protest, some- tian government for a Moslem Bantu are constantly finding times followed by persecution, engineer of the State Telegraphs new friends among the whites, when Christians seek to convert to supervise the installation of but know little about the Indi- Moslems. This, says the Con- wi reI e s s apparatus in the

Hedjaz. Hamdi EI Kordi Ef- bic: "I am the Light of the separate the convert from the refendi will, before going to the ligious thought and feeling in which Hedjaz, visit London in order to World." obtain the necessary instruc- he was brought up and to attach him tions from the Marconi Com- MISCELLANEOUS NEWS to a new and foreign religion. Bepany. It is thought that the lieving that his own religion has been Moslems plan to open a wireless When the English Were Heathen finally determined for all time, he instation at Mecca. Missions are not modern! sists on unreserved acceptance of its According to Al-Muquattam Back in A.D. 598 Gregory made creed, ritual, and organization. (Ac- (Cairo), the Department of Pil- an appeal to Christian Africa cording to Basil Mathews, "the congrims in the Hedjaz reports the on behalf of pagan England. number of pilgrims arriving at Nearly 1,350 years ago he wrote vert to Christianity from another Mecca last year as follows: to Eubogius of Alexandria, in faith is a kind of spiritual scalp to northern Mrica: "The English hang up in our wigwam.") The actual The total was only 70,000, distrib- race, situated in the far corner u17te,~d17a;s Ifnodllioaw, s9:,62E0g; ySpyt,ri4a,,99321;9;JaPavla~ of the earth, has hitherto been ministry of Jesus gives us the true estme, 456; Sudan, 929; Yemen, 857; in unbelief, worshiping stocks conception of the missionary enter- Cape Colony, 71; Mesopotamia, 201' and stones. But, aided by your prise. Evangelism is the outflow of Algeria, 184; Afghanistan, 173; TUl': prayers, I sent a monk. Now, key, 279; Persia, 150; Hadramaut, letters have arrived telling me the divine love "which seeketh not its 130; Somali Land, 90; China, 85; and of his work. They show that he, own." Its supreme concern is with other countries, 2,268. Before the and those sent out with him, the life within the soul. The success World War the annual pilgrimage was shine amongst that nation with of the Hue evangelist is not in the three times as great as it is now. such miracles that they seem to number of ac,cessions which he is able imitate the mighty works of the to record, but in the spiritual influence apostles. At Christmas, more which he is able to exert, even though than 10,000 English people were such influence never issues in a single baptized. I tell you this that you may know what your accession. Where the mere proselytist might feel he had finished, the evan- prayers are doing at the world's end." gelist would feel that he had hardly -The Congregationalist. begun.

-The Congregationalist.

An Isolated Hospital Depression Brings Folks Back The hospital in Meshed, Per- "Reacting from the materialsia, is the only Christian hospi- ism of the decade that ended in tal for an area more than half 1929, mankind is finding its way the size of the United States. back to the church through the The nearest Christian hospital doorway of depression," said to the west is 560 miles away Bishop Wyatt Brown in adin Teheran. The nearest to the d res sin g the twenty-eighth southeast is 700 miles, as the Missionaries in Foreign Fields annual convention of the Diocese crow flies, at Peshawar. The A bulletin recently published of Harrisburg on January 26-27. nearest to the east is 3,000 miles by the graduate school of the "The economic situation in in Peking, across the whole American University, Washing- which we find ourselves is a breadth of Asia. The notice ton, D. C., presents the results challenge to the Church of boards at the head of the white of a study completed by the "cu- Christ. The appeal of the beds in the Meshed wards show mulative digest of international Church will be heard today as it patients from all over the lands law and relations," and gives has not been heard, yearningly of western and central Asia. some interesting figures con- and gladly, by thousands and Bag'hdad's New Religious Center cerning the number of missiona- thousands of the unchurched. ries now in service in foreign "Despite its unprecedented Several years ago Dr. Samuel countries. A total of 7,809 prosperity, the decade from M. Zwemer and Dr. James Can- American missionaries are now 1919 to 1929 had 'tragic results tine sought funds for a church stationed in 87 foreign coun- in the life of our people.' The to meet the needs of the native tries. Nearly one-half of these, American people were on a gaily Protestant congregation organ- or 3,712 missionaries, are lo- decorated toboggan, s lid in g ized by English missionaries in cated in the three countries of down a spiritual hill, amidst Baghdad. This organization, China, India and Japan. The great cheering, having lots of composed of families that had figure reported for American fun. Then came October, 1929. come out from the several Orien- missionaries in China is 1,846; God called His people home. The tal churches that make up the India, 1,351; Japan, 515. burden of poverty which has re- Christian minorities of the Near Evangelize or Proselyte sulted demands the Christian East, has always been independ- generosity and charity and deent of the United Mission, and A part of the Christian votion Qf us all." they wished a building of their Church is so afraid that it mig h t "proselyte" somebody Rev. Paul L. Warnshuis of Denver own that would be a real center that it hesitates to evangelize has been elected assistant director in for evangelistic work among anybody! Bernard Lucas in his its Department of City, Immigrant, Moslems at Baghdad. The build- book, Our Task in India, makes and Industrial Work, under the Presing is now completed and in- some significant distinctions: byterian Board of National Missions. cludes a chapel, seating over a Mr. Warnshuis will be superintendent hundred. A large plaque is in- The dominating idea of the pros- of Spanish-speaking work in the scribed with the words in Ara- elytist is the advancement of his own Southwest, an office to be left vacant particular religion. His aim is to by the withdrawal of Dr. Robert N. McLean.

Missionary

Recent Boo~s Reviewed for the Readers' Information The Negroes of Africa: History and known how to create and from which as the protector and succor of Culture. By Maurice Delafosse. 313 they are often able to obtain surpris- pp. $3.15. Associated Publishers, ing melodies, their recitative chants friendless children throughout Inc. Washington, D. C. and poetic improvisations, the ele- Great Britain.

This is a translation and a gance of the jewelry and the potteries Mr. Wesley Bready prefaces combination of three important which they manufacture and of cerlittle books by a former gov- the narrative of this great phiernor of the French Colonies and tain of their sculptures on wood and lanthropist and reformer with an outstanding authority on the on ivory, the design and the color of an interesting chapter on the African Negro. Maurice Dela- their mats and tissues, the good taste fosse, who died in 1926, was considered the leading authority on of their talent for ornamentation are history of social reform in Engthe peoples and languages of the incontestable proofs of artistic West Africa, where he spent faculties which are called upon to give land, directly attributing it to seventeen years. The book is an . the Evangelical Revival; and if extremely interesting compen- forth more and better than they have dium on African History and been able to do up to the present. in some instances the less con- Ethnology. The author holds that "the Negroes of Africa are The isolation in which natural bar- spicuous reformers were not not, properly speaking, autoch- riers have for too long a time closed thonous, but come from migra- their habitat has made of the African recognized as Christian in the tions having their point of de- Negroes, in relation to the more fa- Evangelical sense, they in turn parture towards the limits of the vored Europeans, backward peoples, Indian Ocean and the Pacific." found their inspiration and sup- The Pygmies or Negrillos, he be- or more exactly, retarded peoples: port from this source. lieves, are the autochthonous Africans. they have lost much time and they Dr. Barnardo was in early life greatly influenced by the writ- Succeeding chapters trace the will not be able to catch up in a day Development of Negro Civiliza- or in a century. But they have certion in Antiquity, Negro Africa tainly not said their last word and ings of Voltaire, Rousseau, and in the Middle Ages, the Euro- their history is not finished. Perhaps pean contacts with West Africa it is only beginning and this book is Paine, and probably would have and the Slave-trade, the Central only a preface. and Eastern Sudan; then fol- subscribed himself a skeptic. It lows an account of Native Po- S.M.Z. was the famous Irish revival litical Organizations, Social and which proved the turning point Family life, and Religious Beliefs and Practices. in his outlook when at the age of Dr. Barnardo: The Friend of Little seventeen he was led to Christ Each chapter is documented Children. By Wesley Bready. 271 with a select bibliography, al- pp. $2.50. Revell. New York. by his brothers. This period in though mostly French authori- his life is indicative of his subties are cited. There are four maps and an unusually full in- The Evangelical Revival of the sequent service. dex. Optimism, insight, and sympathy are rare qualities in 19th Century has been criticized The experiences immediately a book on the Negro, but they in that it limited the scope of the following his conversion have are all found here. He says: Gospel. Superficial observers been common to many. For a affirm that its chief concern was time he was strongly influenced It is impossible not to recognize with the souls of individuals and by Plymouth Brethren, but their that the African Negroes are remark- failed to recognize the signifi- interpretation of Scripture did ably gifted from the point of view of cance of what they term the "so- not give that freedom of soul he the arts. Their innate musical dispo- cial gospel." And yet it was dur- associated with Christian fellowsition, the instruments that they have ing this very period that the ship, and he became a member public conscience was awakened of the established church. There to prevailing evils. Wilberforce followed a season of deep mis- in the British Parliament be- sionary zeal coming under the came the protagonist of the slave influence of Dr. Hudson Taylor, trade; Plimsall espoused the and he volunteered for work in cause of sailors and introduced China, and it was while a medi- bills to insure greater safety to cal student in London, in prep- men who go down to the sea in aration for service in China, that ships; the Earl of Shaftesbury young Barnardo received the so identified himself with many. "call" for his life service among philanthropies as to make his the waifs, first in the slums in name cherished in the memory London and later throughout the of the nation; and Dr. Thomas United Kingdom. The incidents Barnardo became no less known connected with his changed life [253]

plans and the early experiences of 1,000 thoroughly trained therefore of great significance: "From conversion till death are frequently thrilling and COll- young artisans. Barnardo was an avowed Evanstitute a romance of city mis- In view of the service of this gelical. But this does not mean that his religion was static. sionary work. Like many others, indefatigable servant of God, Quite the contrary! The evolu- tion of his convictions is appar- Barnardo found "the reward of this great reformer and social ent. In youth, under the influservice more service" and grad- worker, it seems strange that no ence of Brethrenism, he inclined to the belief that the Lord's Taually to his numerous duties was state honor was bestowed upon ble should be open only to the immersed. In middle age, a libadded evangelistic work. him in recognition of his eral non-conformist, he was much less concerned about doc- As his work expanded he be- achievements. But Eng I and trines and dogmas as such: while during his last twelve came conscious of evils requir- never conferred upon him the years, a lay-reader in the Church of England, he was ready to coing legislative action and Dr. coveted prize of her citizens, operate with all, whatever their affiliation, if only they 'loved the Barnardo, the medical home either knighthood or baronetcy. Lord Jesus Christ in sincerity and truth.' " missionary, became the states- These years of unremitting laman reformer. His arduous la- bors were not without oppo- W. R. MOODY. bors were supplemented by the sition. Nothing invites critihsuepavpyortbuorfdehnis owf otrhke, feivnearnciinal- A Merry Mountaineer. By R. W. cism or even bitter opposition Howard. 93 pp. Is. Church Miscreasing calls for his help in like evidences of success. Dr. sionary Society. London. 1931. evangelistic work and consulta- Barnardo experienced trials of This is not the story of a tion with government officials in nearly every character. Reli- mountain dweller, but of a young Englishman, Clifford Harris, plans. The extent of his activi- gious bigotry was perhaps the who, as a teacher in the Stuart Memorial School in Isfahan, ties was almost superhuman. cause of his greatest trial, but Persia, found delight in moun- tain climbing. For three and a "Throughout the forty years of . gossip was also circulating im- half years his work in the school was teaching English, his rescue work it is doubtful if pugning his motives, charging but he also led the boys in ath- letic sports and at the summer he averaged six hours' rest per ill-treatment of the very children camp in swimming and hiking. night," says the biographer, he so dearly loved, and even "and often, for months, he accusing him of misuse of funds It became his custom to go out worked sixteen to eighteen hours entrusted to his care. Through to the villages on the weekly a day." these trials he emerged with Friday holiday, tramping and dragging a sled with his kit and The full results of Dr. Bar- greater public esteem and fully a lantern and slides to show pic- tures on the life of Christ to the nardo's work can never be exonerated in each case. villagers. The call of the vil- lages was to him overwhelming. known. Some idea of conditions To what may the phenomenal He wrote: "These little groups always thrill me; we have so in London's east end early in the success be attributed? Others much to share and give, for their religion has not the same spirit- 19th Century may be realized by have had genius in organization, ual power in it as ours and is not joyful." One secret of his winthe fact that "74.5 per cent of others have had a similar capac- ning personality was his joy- that "radiance" that characterall the children of the slums in ity for unremitting labors, and ized the early Christians. He hoped to make it his life work the metropolis died before their others have had equal training, "to live in the villages among the Persians like a Persian," fifth birthday." One wonders but their labors have not thus even planning to support him- self as a tinker, and also giving how any could have survived the been crowned by any such suc- simple remedies.

terrible unsanitary conditions cess. There may be various an- In the bitter winter of 1930, and moral degradation in which swers, but it is of interest to so many lived. Ignorance, know that to which Dr. Barnar- drunkenness, and all forms of do himself assigned the suc- immorality were widespread. cess. Once, when asked to what In this atmosphere Dr. Barnar- he attributed the extraordinary do found hoards of destitute fact that 98 per cent of those children inured to vice, aban- who had gone from his "Homes"

doned by their natural guardi- to the colonies had made good, ans, and constituting a grave he replied without hesitation, menace to the future as well as "Every boy and girl that goes the present. After forty years from our care I personally inter- he achieved the extraordinary view on their relationship to record of having "fathered sixty Christ. To this I assign every thousand children" whom he had degree of success that has been rescued from the untold evils attained."

and misery of their surround- Even a sympathetic biogra- ings and trained for some useful pher cannot adequately delineate occupation. The modest expendi- the essential characteristics of ture of two hundred pounds his subject. Those of us who grew during his life to an an- knew and loved the great doctor nual budget of $1,000,000, with are indebted to Mr. Bready for an average daily enrollment of the portrayal he has given of 7,000 and an annual migration this great soul. His summing party to Canada and Australia up of Dr. Barnardo's religion is

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

when there was great destitu- the Panjab; and third, the pro- Negro Year Book: An Annual Ency- clopedia of the Negro, 1931-1932. tion, he helped feed 250 starving ceedings of the Presbyterian By Munroe N. Work. 544 pp. people a day. He contracted ty- Centennial Celebration includphus fever, and in delirium he ing three masterly addresses by $2.00. Negro Year Book Publishwas still climbing mountains. Dr. Robert E. Speer, on the ing Co., Tuskegee Institute, Ala- bama.

On the morning he died he said: Founders and the Foundations, All who are interested in the "It will be great up the moun- Elisha P. Swift, and Walter supreme national racial problem tain with Jesus." To quote Lowrie. It was the latter, of the United States will welfrom his last sermon: "Faith Walter Lowrie, who declared in come this new edition of an means a passion, an enthusiasm, 1847: "The Pre s b y t e ria n annual which has won its way as a consuming zeal, that eats up Church is a Missionary Society the standard work of reference everything. " the object of which is to aid in on matters relating to the the conversion of the world, and Negro. The present edition is a ANNIE RHEA WILSON. every member of this Church is distinct improvement on earlier a member for life of said So- ones. The material is new and in- Missions Matching the Hour. By Ste- ciety, and bound to do all in his cludes practically every aspect of phen J. Corey. 8 vo. 184 pp. 50 power for the accomplishment cents. Cokesbury Press. Nashville. of this object." interracial relationship. There 1931. are special chapters on Racial As we read the story of these Consciousness, Discrimination Changing conditions at home great founders who laid the Against the Negro, Segregation, and abroad present a new chal- foundations of a world-wide The Negro and Politics, and the lenge, new needs, new problems missionary enterprise through Progress of the Negro Race, and new opportunities to the the Presbyterian Church, recall both as property owners and in Church of Christ. Dr. Corey, their sacrificial love, noble, un- agriculture and business. Imthe President of the United selfish service, we can not help Christian Missionary Society, wonder why the church today portant inventions made by presents the case briefly, clearly cannot dream as nobly and dare Negroes during the past five and effectively. First he studies as boldly as did these great years are listed as are the names "Missions under Fire" and the predecessors. of those who earned scholastic effectiveness of Christianity it- distinction and are known in the self is challenged. He meets the S. M. Z. world of literature. The progcritics with facts rather than ress of Negro education and of with theories; he challenges the The Friendly Farmers. By Elizabeth the work of the church are enmodern spirit of secularism and Harris and Gertrude Chandler couraging. The statistics are shows the need of the world to- Warner. 12 mo. cloth, $1.00; pa- seemingly accurate and cover day, the need of the Church and per, 75c. Friendship Press. New such matters as the Distribution the ability of Christ to meet York. 1931. of Population, Mortality and these needs. Pastors of all de- Lynching. There is an excellent nom ina t ion s will find this This course for Primary boys account of the Negro in Latinvolume especially suggestive .in and girls on rural life around America, in E u r 0 p e and in preparing sermons on the Chns- the world is written by an As- Africa (pp. 381-435). This sectian solution of some present- sociate Professor in the Ele- ond section is of special interest, day missionary prqblems. It is mentary Department School of because it deals with European particularly designed for mis- Religious Education, B 0 s ton policies in the Dark Continent, sion study classes. University. oShe has prepared the labor problem, forced labor, the pro g ram s and supple- and slavery which still exists ~n mentary material for the nine stories written by Miss Warner, the twentieth century. There IS the author of "Windows in The Centennial of the Western For- Alaska" and other volumes. a bibliography of all work.s re- eign Missionary Society, 1831-1931. lating to the Negro publIshed Edited by James A. Kelso. 234 pp. Leaders of children's work in during the past five years, and Published under the auspices of the the Sunday School or in missi~m­ ary circles, not to mentIOn a d ire c tor y of newspapers, Committee of Pittsburgh Presby- age n c i e s, and org!lni~atio~s. tery. 1931. mothers, will find that these This invaluable matenalls avaIl- This memorial volume con- tales will .open the eyes of boys able in no other place. sists of three parts-first a brief and girls, to their debt, not only S.M.Z.

history of the Western Foreign to the American farmers, but to Mis s ion a r y Society by the the farmers all around the God, the Eternal Torment of Man. By Reverend Thomas C. Pears, Jr., world. Children very much alive Marc Boegner. 165 pp. $2.00. second, a biography and an ap- are happily depicted but we are Harpers. New York. 1931.

preciation of Sadhu Sundar disappointed that the last story The word "torment" is rather Singh, the apostle of the East does not gather up the threads startling in such connection.

and West, who was brought to of the earlier chapters and come The author took it from Marcel Christ through the influence of to a more definite climax. Arland's sentence: "All ques- Presbyterian mission schools in J. C. C. tions revert to a unique problem,

that of God; God, the dreadful burgh Medical Mission Training ism and rural education. This torment of men, whether they School. During his studies in worthwhile study of the situastrain to create him or destroy Scotland Alexander came into tion and the need in Korea is him." vital contact with such spiritual prepared by a Korean woman, giants as Moody, Drummond, dean of a woman's college, who The contents of the book show Balfour, Lightfoot, Boyd Car- presents the problem, considers that the author uses the term penter, Ion Keith Falconer and the forces and methods already "torment" to indicate the striv- Robert Laws of Livingstonia. at work in Korea and other ing after God that was voiced He went to Aden and then to lands, and suggests some ways in Job's cry: "Oh, that I knew Lovedale, South Africa, where in which the Korean problem where I might find Him!" and he found a wife, and then to may be met. Missionaries in by the Psalmist's: "My soul Cairo, before he reached Hebron, other lands than Korea will also thirsteth for Thee, my flesh Southern Palestine, in 1892. find it worthy of study. longeth for Thee in a dry and thirsty land where no water is." Dr. Paterson's thirty years in The Progress of World-Wide Missions. Even after the soul has found the mountains of Judah were By Robert H. Glover, M. D. Ninth God, there are fears that one years of fruitful service, full of edition. 8 vo. 418 pp. $2.50. does not understand and serve interesting experiences and Richard R. Smith. New York. 1931. Him aright, and the tragedies some thrilling adventures proof life are ever raising the vided by war, massacre, robbery This book, which has already troubled que s t ion: Why? and various plots. The life story proved its usefulness, now ap- "Everywhere about us today," is full of information, of interest pears (with six maps) in a resays the author, "we are detect- and inspiration. It is marred by vised and enlarged edition. It is ing the echo of a deepseated un- a perpetuation of one or two trustworthy, readable and ineasiness which is troubling grievances and a desire to de- forming. It covers the world men's souls, and we assent to the fend Dr. Paterson against criti- and is the best recent history of utterance of a contemporary cisms which might better have world-wide missions. To read it thinker: 'More than ever God is been allowed to die. carefully is a liberal education occupying the first place in the in the principles, forces, aims thinking of our youth!' " Marches of the North. By E. Alex- and progress of Christian mis- ander Powell. 8 vo. 311 pp. $4. sions. Dr. Boegner, who is pastor of The Century Co. 1931. the Reformed Church at Passy, The World Dominion. Edited quar- France, and President of the Canada is largely an unknown terly by Dr. Thomas Cochrane, Pro t est ant Federation of country to those outside of the 48. 6d. a year. World Dominion France, discusses the whole sub- Dominion. It is worth knowing; Press. London and New York. 1932. ject thoughtfully, helpfully, and its variety, beauty and producwith documentary references tiveness give the vast sketches Dr. Cochrane, who was for that show a wide range of read- of country and mixed inhabi- some years an L. M. 'S. medical ing. He is in full sympathy with tants an interest to travelers, missionary in China, is rendermodern thought, but he is con- merchants, hunters, agricultur- ing a real service through the vinced that life without God, the ists and missionaries. As an publication of his independent God of whom Jesus Christ was American newspaper correspon- missionary quarterly. This magthe most adequate revelation, is dent and a wide traveler, Mr. azine, and the brochures on varifruitless and yain. The reader Powell shows that he is a keen ous fields, published from time may not agree with every state- observer and a fascinating re- to time, emphasize especially the ment, but he will feel that the porter-as will be recognized by need for reaching speedily the author is earnestly striving to those who have read his "Last unevangelized multitudes in nonset forth truths which for him Home of Mystery"; "Thunder Christian lands, the prime imare not debatable since they are Over E u r 0 p e" and other portance of using Apostolic a part of that revelation which volumes. Here is an exception- methods of proclaiming the God is ever making of Himself. ally readable description of the New Testament Gospel, calling different provinces of Canada- in question the value of large in- A. J. B. its seacoast, rivers, fisheries and stitutions and secular education gold mines. in mission work, and showing Paterson of Hebron. By W. Ewing, the need for faith, courage and M.D. 8 vo. 256 pp. 88., 6d. Clarke Rural Education for the Regeneration dependence on the Spirit of God. & Co. London. 1931. of Korea. By Helen Kittenk Kim, Ph.D. Pamphlet, Ewa College, Seoul, The January issue of World The "Hakim" or medical mis- and Methodist Episcopal Board, New Dominion contains valuable arsionary lived and worked in the York. 1931. ticles on Persia and the Latin mountains of Judah for thirty World, Arctic Canada, A Chalyears. He was the son of David We are just beginning to real- lenge to Youth, and the Solomon Paterson, a Scotch missionary in ize the importance of giving Islands. The magazine is full of Madras, India, where Alexander more attention to rural evangel- interest and stimulates to faith was born in July, 1867. Later and action. the father became for two years superintendent of the Edin-

Books service in 1882. For many years he Announcing a New

was connected with the Vincent Miller Liberating the Lay Forces of Christi. Academy at Soochow. Thoroughly Revised Edition of anity. John R. Mott. 175 pp. $2.00. Macmillan, New York. 1932. *** The Progress of The Foreign Missionary. Arthur Jud- Mrs. S. C. Peoples, for forty years World -Wide Missions son Brown. 412 pp. (13th edition, a Presbyterian missionary in Siam, revised.) $2. Revell, New York. died at Berkeley, California, on J an- By Ih. 1932. uary 12. Rev. Robert Hall Glover. M. D•• F.R.G.S. The Mahadi of Allah – The Story of *** the Dervish Mohammed Ahmed. Home Dlreclor. China Inland Million Richard A. Bermann. 317 pp. $2.50. The Rev. Walter Oettli, D. Theol., Macmillan, New York. 1932. inspector of the Basel Mission since A comprehendYe hislory and .elerence book 1909, died recently of pneumonia at Ihal .hould be in Ihe library 01 eygry one Religion of Old Korea. Charles Alden Berne, Switzerland. He attended the Inleresled in mission.. A slandard and a Clark. 295 pp. $2.50. Revell, New International Missionary meetings at classic written by a r••1missionary slale.man. York. 1931. Crans in 1920 and at Lake Mohonk in 1921, and the first meeting of the "For yeors there has been a growing demand Story of Alaska. C. L. Andrews. $3.50. International Missionary Council at for such. missionorv text-book as this. It I. on Lowman & Hanford, Seattle. 1931. Oxford in 1923. Indispensable work for .il desiring concise In- formc!ltion on every phdse of m;ssion4rv en- The Secret Veld. Francis Carey Sla- *** deavor. It rinRs true to the Gospel Message."' ter. 312 pp. 7s., 6d. Grayson, Mayfair, London. 1932. Dr. Fennell P. Turner, for twenty- -SUNDAY SCHOOL TIMES two years (1897 to 1919) secretary Christ Down East. R. G. Burnett. of the Student Volunteer Movement With Maps, Full Indices, Bibliography, 160 pp. $1.25. Revell, New York. and later (1919 to 1928) secretary 1931. of the Foreign Missions Conference of Etc., Octavo. 418 Pages, $2.50 • North America, died of a heart at- The Development of the Missionary tack in Santa Cruz, California, on Ray Long & Richard R. Smith, Inc. and Philanthropic Institute Among February 9th. Dr. Turner was born the Mennonites of North America. in Danielsville, Tennessee, February 1l! Ea.1 41s1 Sireel. New York Edmund George Kaufman. 416 pp. 25, 1867, and has rendered a remark- Mennonite Book Concern, Berne, able service to the cause of Christ in Personal Items Ind. 1931. many lands. He was a delegate to the World Missionary Conference in (Continued from 2d Cover) Challenged. Caroline Atwater Mason. Edinburgh in 1910, and to the Jerusa- 100 pp. $1.00. Revell, New York. lem Conference in 1928. He had re- Christian Council, the missions and 1932. cently returned from a tour in Asia churches there in regard to the con- as a member of the Laymen's Inquiry tribution which Christian education The Goodly Fellowship. P. L. Garlick. Commission. may make to the welfare of the peo- 145 pp. 2s. Church Missionary ple in Nigeria, the steps necessary to Society, London. 1932. *** make this contribution as effective as possible, an!! the relation of a pro- "Follow Thou Me." George W. Tru- The Rev. Thomas C. Horton, one of gram of Christian education to the ett. 241 pp. $2. Ray Long and the founders and the first superin- plans, intentions and policy of the R. R. Smith, New York. 1932. tendent of the Los Angeles Bible In- government. stitute, California, died at his horne Bible Verses to Memorize. Selected near Los Angeles on February 27th. *** by Helen Miller Gould Shepard. 96 He was for some years an associate – pp. 50 cents. American Tract So- of the late Dr. Arthur T. Pierson in Dr. Wellington Koo has been ap- ciety, New York. 1931. Bethany Church, Philadelphia. Later pointed by the Chinese Government as he conducted a Bible school in St. Minister of Foreign Affairs. Dr. Koo Seventy Other Best Bible Stories. Paul, Minnes.ota, and in Dallas, Texas, carne to America as a boy, took a George Goodman. 278 pp. 3s., 4d. and was instrumental in leading Mr. course at Cook Academy, and was Pickering & Inglis, London. 1932. Lyman Stuart to found the Los An- graduated from Columbia University. geles Institute twenty-four years ago. He has been Premier of China and A Prayer Book for Boys. Compiled He was the founder and president of Minister both to Washington and to by Margaret Cropper. 64 pp. $1. the Fishermen's Club, a men's organi- London. He represented the Chinese Macmillan, New York. 1932. zation for personal evangelism. Government at the Peace Conference in Paris in 1919 and at the Washing- Highways to International Goodwill. *** ton Conference in 1921. While at Walter W. Van Kirk. 190 pp. $1. Cook Academy, Wellington Koo took Abingdon Press, New York. 1932. Bishop Francis Wesley Warne, D.D., an open stand for Christ, but it is not a retired bishop of the Methodist known whether he is now identified Annual Report – American Board of Episcopal Church, who gave forty-one with the Christian Church in China. Commissioners for Foreign Mis· years of service as a missi.onary in sions. 1931. 172 pp. Published by India, died on February 29th in *** the Board. Boston. 1932. Brooklyn, New York, where he has been residing since his retirement in Fred W. Ramsey, Cleveland busi- The Conquest of Gloom. James L. 1928. Bishop Warne was born in ness man who succeeded John R. Mott Gray. 158 pp. 3s., 6d. Marshall, Erin, Ontario, Canada, on December as general secretary of the National Morgan & Scott, Ltd., London. 1931. 30, 1854, received his education in Council of the Y. M. C. A. in 1928, has Albert College, Canada, and in Gar- resigned. The responsibilities of the Obituary Notes rett Biblical Institute, Evanston, Illi- secretaryship will be carried by a nois. Under the Methodist Church of commission composed of five secreta- The Rev. John Newton Hayes, D.D., Canada, he served as a missionary in ries. retired missionary of the Presbyterian Manitoba and in December, 1887, was Church, U. S. A., died on February appointed a missionary of the Meth- *** 10th in Shanghai, China. Dr. Hayes odist Episcopal Church to India, was born in Big Hollow, N. Y., in where he did evangelistic and educa- G. B. Halstead, social director at 1850 and was appointed to missionary tional work among the low-caste peo- Lucknow Christian College, India, ple. In 1900 he was elected a mis- has resigned under pressure of the sionary bishop to India, and in 1920 British-Indian Government because of a bishop of the Methodist Episcopal his alleged outspoken sympathy with Church. Mahatma Gandhi and the activities of the Nationalist Congress. The stu- dents of the college declared a "har- tal," Dr period of mourning, to express their sympathy with Mr. Halstead.

THE MOSLEM

FOR APRIL SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor PERSIA AND SHIAH ISLAM hold a prominent place in the April Number. Dr. Zwemer writes editorially on the Shiah Saints. "Some Bektashi Poets" are introduced by the Reverend J. Kingsley Birge, of Istanbul. The Reverend F. M. Stead of Persia describes the Ali nahi Sect. The evangelicdl fervor of the New Persian Church is revealed by the Reverend William N. Wysh"m. "New Forces in Old Morocco" are discussed by Jdmes Hdlddne, of the Southern Morocco Mission.- Professor Amry Vdndenbosch presents a careful study on "Christianity and Government in the Netherlands Indie…. The important Pdper by Professor Duncan B. Mdcdonald on the medning of Ruh (Spirit) in Islamic Thought, begun in the January issue, is completed in this number. A young Orientalist, Joshua Finkel, writes on "Old Israelitish Trlldition in the Korlln." "'s Islam a Christian Heresy?" is the question discussed by Professor Frank H. Foster of Oberlin.

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Brilish Represenlell.e_MARSHALL, MORGAN" SCOTT, 12 Pelernoller Buildings, London Price in Greet Brileln, Eight Shilling., nel Why Not Be Informed? If You Wish to Know the Facts About Present Day Missions, THEN READ MISSIONS MATCHING THE HOUR pr.!~I!!~~I~~~~SI~~~~~lety This book sets forth the supreme task of Christians everywhere to mellsure up to the present opportunities and the challenge of the unchanging gospel of Christ in this changing world.

The author states the facts clearly and IIppellls to the Church to recognize its obliglltion. and to do its part in bringing men and women into harmony with Christ.

This very interesting and thought-provoking study of Christian Missions presents Missions Under Fire Abiding Aims and Motives Meeting the Critics The Testimo~J. of Results The Challenge of Secularism Jesus in the World's Mind Today The Church's Need of a World Field HERE IS YOUR OPPORTUNITY TO READ THIS BOOK I Through a special arrangement with the publishers we are H Can Y D It? OW Rellew your OWN .ablerlpllon or IIble to offer readers the opportunity to secure the above 0U 0 book ABSOLUTELY FREE. • lend the REVIEW 10. friend for one year, and a.k u' lor. Ir.e eopy of "MISSIONS MATCHING THE HOUR"

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The Missionary Review of the World — March 1932

1932

The Present Missionary Outlook Robert E. Speer How An African Preacher Preaches Mrs. John M. Springer Sotne Recent Changes in Mexico Ralph E. Diffendorfer .

The Dynatnic of Hotne Missions John McDowell

Items Dates to~Remember

Mr. James Frederick Talcott, the March 7 and 8-First Annual Meeting son of the late James Talcott, has of the COMMITTEE ON PROMOTION, been elected president of the American HOME MISSIONS COUNCIL and COUN- Bible Society, succeeding Mr. E. Fran- CIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS, cis Hyde, president for the last seven Fort Pitt Hotel, Pittsburgh, Pa.

years. Mr. Talcott comes to his new Rev. J. S. Stowell, Chairman.

position with a deep interest in the March 7-9-National Conference of work of the society. JEWS AND CHRISTIANS, Washington, D. C. ••• May 2-General Conference of the Rev. Robert O. Franklin, for 17 METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, At- years a missionary in Siam and for lantic City, New Jersey. five years president of Bangkok Chris- May 15-21-CHURCH CONFERENCE OF tian College, has been appointed sec- SOCIAL WORK, Philadelphia, Pa.

Direct Express . .. to retary of the American Bible Society May 18-Annual Conference, METH- in charge of the agency in Siam. He ODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH, Colum- JAPAN succeeds Rev. Robert Irwin, who re- AND tires after 20 years of service. bUB, Ohio.

CHINA • •• May 18-20-THE COMMUNITY CHURCH WOIUa:RS 01' U. S. A., Buffalo, N. Y. Direct because straight Dr. F. H. Otto Melle returned to across. Express because of Empress Germany in November after having May 24-28-A GENERAL SYNODICAL speed. Yokohama is only 10 days traveled through the United States MEETING 01' THE REFoRMED CHtTRCH from Vancouver. Shanghai a short effectively presenting the situation in IN THE U. S., Cleveland, Ohio. 4 days beyond! Germany, especially the interests of May 26-General Assembly, PRESBY- Empress of Russia and Empress TElUAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A., of Asia are the largest and fastest the Theolopcal Seminary at Franlt- Denver, Colo. liners on this route. They offer new forl-on-Mam, of which he is the presireduced fares! May 26-General Assembly, PRESBY- dent. ••• TElUAN CHURCH IN THE, U. S., Mon- Want to go via Honolulu? Em. press ofJapan, the Pacific's largest Rev. Dr. L. Myron Boozer, of Iowa, treat, N. C. and fastest liner, and her speedy running mate, Empress of Canada, has been elected President of the June 2-General Synod of REFORMED tllke this route. The crossing is but CHURCH IN AMERICA, Kingston, ;J days longer. These Empresses Board of National Missions of the N.Y. connectatHonoluluwith San Fran. cisco and Los Angeles sailings. Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., suc- June 16-20-Annual Convention of the WOMEN'S GENERAL MISSIONARY SO- Sumptuous First OIlSS on all Em- ceeding the Rev. Joseph A. Vance, CIETY OF THE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN presses ••• a Tourist Class of true "Empress" standard. D. D., of Detroit. Miss Ann Eliza- CHURCH, Columbus, Ohio.

All Empresses sail from Van- beth Taylor of New York was elected couver (where trains go to ship- Vice-president, succeeding Mrs. F. S. side.•• baggage checked through to Bennett. . state-room) and Victoria: ••• June 23-July 4:-COMMITTEE OF THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY COUN- Direct Expr~ss Dr. W. W. Yen, the new Chinese Empress of Asia, Apr. 23, June 18 minister to the United States, has CIL, Herrnhut, Germany. Empress ofRussia, Mar. 26, May 21 been for a number Of years the chair- man of the Board of Managers of July 12-17-Annual Meeting, NORTH- Viii Hf»I(JiRiR Yenching University. Empress of Japan, Apr. 9, June 5 ERN BAPl'IST CONVENTION at San Empress ofCanada, Mar. 12,May7 ••• Francisco, Calif. .

Reduced Round Trip Fares. Gipsy Smith, "the world's foremost July ,25-31-WORLD~ SUNDAY SCHOOL Information, your agent, or any evangelist," has recently closed his CONVENTION, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Canadian Pacific office:NewYork, Philadelphia revival campaign of Philadelphia, Chicago. Montreal three weeks. August 23-28-General Conference of and 31 other cities in U. S. and Can. SEVENTH-DAY BAPl'IST CHURCH at (Continued on 3rd Cover) .Adams Center, N. Y. CANADIAN October 18-24:-FIVE YEARS MEETING PACIFIC OF THE FRIENDS, Richmond, Ind.

~ THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS ~ DEPARTMENT OF .ANNUITIES YOUR GIFT NOW WILL BRING TO YOU THE BLESSING OF GIVING WHILE UVING AND THE GUARANTEE OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS THA"r YOU WILL HAVE AN INCOME FOR LIFE ERNEST F. HALL, Secretary 156 FIFI'H AVENUE. NEW YORK.

~ PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S.A. .~

Chat THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

The February REvIEw received even a DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor warmer welcome than was given to the Janu- ary number. The list of enthusiastic readers Vol. LV March, 1932 No.3 and boosters for the REVIEW is increasing. Are you one of them? Page Does your pastor take the REVIEW? Is it FRONTISPIECE-Shanghai-and the Present Scenes of Conflict •••• 130 circulated in your missionary society? Are TOPICS OF THE TIMES ••• , ••• , •••• , ..• , ••••••• , .•.•.•• , ••• , ., 131 you taking advantage of the "Effective Ways of Working" so helpfully suggested by Mrs. Opposing Forces in China Mr. Gandhi and Christian Missions Aitchison for increasing missionary interest at home? Studying Foreign Mission Problems BE A BOOSTER ASPECTS OF THE PRESENT MISSIONARY OUTLOOK. . • • • • • •• 135 Here are some of the recent comments on By Dr. Robert E. Speer, Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, our February number: Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

"We wish to congratulate you on the appear- HOW THE AFRICAN PREACHER PREACHES. " , ' •• , '" , •• , ' •• 140 ance of the REVIEW as well as upon its con- tents. The material it contains is very inter- By Mrs. John M. Springer, a missionary of the American Methodist esting indeed." Episcopal Church at Jadotville, Belgian Congo JAMES V. CLARKE, THE CHRISTIANS AND THE JEWS ••••••••.••• , ..•••. , • • • . • •• 144 Managing Editor of the By Max I. Reich of Morrisville, Pa, • • • Presbyterian Advamce. SOME RECENT CHANGES IN MEXICO., ••• , ••• " . " . " ••••••• 145 "You have wonderfully improved the RE- VIEW in its form and its articles." By the Rev. Ralph E. Diffendorfer, Secretary of the Board of Foreign • • • PROFESSOR HARLAN P. BEACH. Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church .

"I like the new form very much and think CHRISTIAN PROGRESS IN PUERTO RICO •.• , •..• " .••••. ,… 147 you have improved the contents. The Febru- ary issue is splendid." By Jarvis S. Morris of San German, Puerto Rico WILUAM R. KING, THE DYNAMIC OF HOME MISSIONS .•••• , •••..• , , , , , , .• , . • • •• 149 Executive Secretary of the By the Rev. John McDowell, D.D., President of the Home Missions • • • Home Missions Council. Council and Secretary of the Board of National Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. "The REVIEW in its new apparel arrested my attention at once and I think it is a very great WHAT PROGRESS IN HOME MISSIONS?,., ••• , .• " .• ,.,., ••• 155 improvement. The articles arrest attention." By the Rev. William R, King, D.D., Extracts from the Annual Report MRS. JOHN FERGUSON. of the Executive Secretary of the Home Missions Council President of the ADVENTURES AMONG THE AMAZON INDIANS •••.. , •• , .•••• 159 National Council of A review of "The Challenge of Amazon's Indians" by Mrs. Arthur F. • • • Federated Church Women. Tylee. Reviewea by Dr. Thomas C. Moffett, Secretary of the Com- mission on the Indians of Latin America "I congratulate you on the last two issues of the REVIEW. I like it very much better STUDENTS AND MISSIONARY INTEREST •••.•..•• , . . . . . . , .••• 161 in its new dress." By the Rev. William M. Miller, a Presbyterian Missionary on furlough MILLS J. TAYLOR. Associate Secretary, FACE TO FACE WITH HUMAN WRECKS .• " …• , ….•…•• ,. 163 Board of Foreign Missions, United Presbyterian Church By the Rev. Walter Amos Morgan, Pastor of the First Congregational Church, Chicago, Illinois of North America. WORLD FRIENDSHIP BOOKS FOR CHILDREN • . . . , • . . . , • • . • . .• 166 WHAT IS YOUR REACTION? By Hazel V. Orton, Secretary of Elementary Work, Missionary Educa- Most of the Author8 in the present number tion Movement need no introduction. Do not fail to read the article by Mrs. Springer who has been FAIR PLAY IN LATIN AMERICA ……………………….. 168 for over thirty years a Methodist missionary in Central Africa. American preachers and EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 169 speakers will find some valuable suggestions on how to keep their audiences awake. Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitehison Mr. Max 1. Reich is a Hebrew Christian, WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN, , , , ….• , ….•. , ., 173 a scholar, a man of unusual Christian spirit and a leader among the Hebrew Christians Edited by Helen M. Brickman and Florence G. Tyler of America. OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 The article by Dr. Thomas C. Moffett tells a thrilling and a heart-rending story of the A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events murder of two American missionaries and a little child by Indians in the Amazon valley. OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF, .•••…• , •••. , .•.. , .. , ….•• , 189 The Rev. Wm. M. Miller, a very effective Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information Presbyterian missionary iR Persia, has been spending some months worki-'1g amollg the Publication Office 40 S. Meridian St., Indianapolis, Indiana students in North American colleges. He tells Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City interesting facts that he has observed. Entered as second-class matter at Post-Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March WHICH ARTICLE DO YOU LIKE BEST? 3,1879.

Every month we are obliged to omit as good Application has been made to transfer to Indianapolis, Ind. papers as we have room to print. LO'Jk for Foreign Postage 50 cents a year these in the coming numbers-for example: 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year "The Rural Situation in Canada." by the Published monthly-All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1932 by the Rev. J. R. Watts. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBUSHING CO., INC, uA Tense Problem in Persia," by Bishop J. H. Linton, Board of Directors "The Effect of a Divided Church on Mis- ROBImT E. SPEER, President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT SAMUEL M, Z"'EMER sions," by Dr. Cleland B. McAfee. WM, I, CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President MRS. ORRIN R. Juno MILTON J. STAUFFER WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer WM. B. LIPPHARO "Does Christ Approve of Institutional Mis- DELAVAN L, PmRSON, Secretary ERIc M. NORTH A. L. W ARNSHUIS sions 1ft , by Sam Higginbottom.

"Do Missionary Hymns Need Revision 1". by Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer.

"When Burmese Students Preach the Gos- pel," by H. I. Marshall of Rangoon.

"Gandhi and Christianity in India," by C. L. Sury of Simla.

"A Woman FighVng the Devil in San Francisco," a book review by Dr. Arthur J. Brown, WHAT SUBJECT WOTILD YOU LIKE TO SEE TREATED?

– –INTERNATIONAL

SETTLEMENT BOUNDARY – JAPANESE AREA ••••• 31'U U.S.IN~ . AREA 8P.ITISH A P.EA GPOO SCALE OF ~ MILE J"

The above map (adapted from the Herald-Tribune) shows the borders of the International Settlement. French Concession. devastated H Chinese section Chapei. and the old Chinese city. Japanese and other warships are stationed in the Whang Poo River. The Whang Poo forts are several miles to the east. down the river. The Japanese © and Chinese forces are intrenched on either side of Chapei. Hongkew. (Japanese area). is the section of Shanghai in which most of the Japanese reside.

M. (near the British Consulate). = Protestant Mission head- CHINESE- + Quarters. CITY == location of some of the Christian churches.

P location of former Presbyterian Mission Press. beyond which was the destroyed Commercial Press.

St. Johns University (Episcopal) is to the west and Shanghai Uni- versity (Baptist) to the east of Shanghai.

SHANGHAI-AND THE PRESENT SCENES OF THE SINO-JAPANESE CONFLICT

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER THREE MARCH, 1932 Topics of the Times OPPOSING FORCES IN CHINA valuable library and club rooms for employees, A warless war is being fought in the Yangtze and on the presses were printed millions of pages Valley and in Manchuria. No war has been de- of Christian literature every year. The loss to the clared between China and Japan and yet fighting missionary enterprise alone cannot be measured. goes on between the forces of the two nations. The Chinese National Government has appealed The Japanese marines are reported to have into the League of Nations to help settle the dis- vaded and damaged the Chinese School and other pute by peaceful means-since both China and mission buildings of the Methodist Episcopal Japan are members of the League and have Church, South. War vessels proceeded up the signed the Kellogg~Briand Peace Pact and the Yangtze to Nanking where they bombarded Chi- Nine Power Treaty. But Japan seems to be nese forts and landed marines. In spite of apbent on settling matters in her own way-by force peals and warnings from the League of Nations of arms. Council gathered at Geneva, and in the face of strong protests from the American, British, Italian The Manchurian muddle is apparently due to and French governments, the Japanese refuse to Japan's demand for full protection of her subjects withdraw or to cease their military activities until and what she claims to be her rights in the three their purpose has been attained. Possibly they Eastern Provinces and to China's inability to are hoping to obtain a Japanese concession in guarantee such protection. Small mobs in vari- Shanghai, similar to that controlled by the French. ous centers of China have now and then attacked Recent press reports state that the Japanese pro- Japanese subjects and damaged some property. pose international control over five large Chinese Floods, bandits and civil strife have hindered the cities-Shanghai, Canton, Hankow, Tsingtao and maintenance of peace and order. The Chinese Tientsin. They refuse, however, to intrust their replied to Japanese aggression-not by force of nationals to the protection of an international arms-but by declaring a boycott against Japa- force and will not consent to submit the Manchunese goods. rian problem to the League of Nations Commis- This boycott has hit Japan harder than armed sion. resistance. It is an economic war that Japan is As a preliminary to peace Japan demands: not prepared to wage. As a result the Japanese 1. Japan and China shall mutually pledge themselves to non-aggression and guarantee each other's territory. are carrying the military conflict into the heart 2. All forms of anti-Japanism in China, including the of China, sending warships, marines and airplanes boycott, shall be called oft' permanently. to 'Shan~hai, bombarding Chinese forts, dropping 3. Asslirances to be given of the safety of Japanese destru~bve bombs on Chinese sections of the city, lives and property in China. patrollmg the streets, and killing Chinese, even 4. Payment for railways built in Manchuria with Japnon-combatants in the International Settlement. A ruthless and unnecessary piece of destruction anese money, and recognition of existing agreements for was the bombing and burning of the great Com- railway construction in Manchuria.

5. . Recognition of existing treaty rights, including the question of Japanese land leases in Manchuria.

mercial Press in the Chapei district of Shanghai. 6. The withdrawal of all Chinese military forces to a This modern Chinese and English press-owned dista~e of twenty miles from Shanghai.

and controlled by Christian Chinese-was prob- These demands are not extreme and have been ably the largest in Asia. It was equipped with accepted by China, but Japan is not satisfied with modern cylinder presses, linotype machines, bind- the assurances and continues her militarv activ- ers and other up-to-date machinery. It had a ity. In the meantime the lives and property of [131]

American and European nationals are threatened China to a speedy end. The League of Nations and there seems to be danger of embroiling many is itself on trial to test its efficiency and its cournations in this conflict. Meanwhile the Disarma- age in carrying out the provisions of its own Covement Conference sits in Geneva. nants.

Japan is proud and headstrong; her army and In the meantime Christians in Japan, in China, navy are large and efficient and have never yet in America and England are uniting in prayer that been defeated. Her military officers are imperi- God will point the way to right relations between ous and opposition to the forces under their con- men, and that men may have vision and courage trol are looked upon as an insult to their country. to follow His way. Now is the time to show the But Japan cannot afford to go to war with Europe effectiveness of a united movement for peaceor America or to disregard the rights and opin- which is better than disarmament. Best of all is ions of other nations. Already her course has the movement for international, interracial and wrought havoc with her trade, has caused her to national goodwill, based on justice and love under be suspected and to lose friends. China may be the banner of the Prince of Peace. weakened because of internal difficulties, but China is better as an ally than as an enemy. STUDYING FOREIGN MISSION PROBLEMS A force quietly and persistently working for For the past thirty-nine years the executives of peace and righteousness, both in China and Japan, is the body of Christian missionaries. Those in the leading foreign mission boards of the United each land love and serve the nationals among whom they are working. Shanghai alone con- States and Canada have been meeting annually to tains some five hundred Protestant missionaries with their children. They are non-combatants confer on their common task and problems. The and peace makers. These are connected with over fifty American and British missionary societies. churches they represent number about twenty- Most of them reside in the International and French settlements, for Shanghai is the mission- three million members and spend over thirty-five ary headquarters. The total American and European population of Shanghai is forty thousand. million dollars a year in foreign mission work.

Japan and the League The problems and methods have changed greatly Governments feel their responsibility for the in the past forty years; missionaries have insafety and rights of their citizens, even though protection requires recourse to arms. It is to be creased fivefold and expenditures sevenfold. Mishoped that diplomacy, justice and wisdom will prevail; love may be thought to set too idealistic sion boards have been brought into much closer a standard. An international commission-including Japanese and Chinese members-might cooperation through these conferences and the well be intrusted with the settlement of the present difficulties. Such a commission would lessen "science of missions" has developed. . the danger of injustice from prejudice, self-interest and injured pride. The League of Nations From January 12th to 15th this year about two Covenant provides that members of the League shall submit to the Council any dispute likely to hundred and sixty executives and missionaries lead to a rupture and the signers "agree in no case to resort to war until three months ·after the met in Atlantic City. They represented seven award by the arbitrators or the report by the Council." (Article 12.) The Covenant also pro- Canadian boards and eighty-three boards of the vides that "should any member of the League resort to war in disregard of its covenants under United States. In place of platform addresses, the Articles 12, 13 or 15, it shall ipso facto be deemed to have committed an act of war against all the conference resolved itself into a "platform roundother members of the League, which hereby undertake immediately to subject it to severance of table conference" to consider, first, the "Values all trade or financial relations." (Article 16.) and Problems in the Use of Foreign Money" on This very definite agreement is one which, if carried out promptly, would bring the invasion of the mission field; second, the "Problems and Pos- sibilities of Rural Missionary Work"; third, the "Important Qualifications of Missionaries Under Present Conditions"; and, fourth, the "Proposals of the Commission on Christian Higher Educa- tion" on the mission fields. These discussions were unusually fruitful. While the conferences do not legislate, the results of these round-table de- liberations will be reported to the several boards for their consideration and action.

Among the special features of the conference were addresses by Dr. Oscar M. Buck of Drew University on "Present Inescapable Issues"; by Dr. T. Z. Koo of China on "Spiritual Implications of These Issues"; and by Prof. D. D. T. Jabavu of South Africa and Dr. James H. Franklin of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society on "The Meaning of the Cross in the Life of the World Today."

Among the outstanding subjects that require

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

most careful and prayerful thought by missionary an hour. The International Missionary Council, leaders today are the following: through which the Foreign Missions Conference (1) How far shall national Christian churches cooperates with twenty-nine similar groups in mission lands be under foreign direction and throughout the world, also presented its printed assisted with foreign funds? All recognize the report calling attention to some important matters.

necessity for promoting their independence and Resolutions were adopted expressing deep sym- self-support and for developing strong, intelligent pathy with the Kingdom of God Movement in spiritual leadership. Many believe that too much Japan, the relief of suffering in China, the need financial aid has been given in the past and that for the abolition of traffic in narcotics and alco- this aid should be drastically reduced in order to holic drinks throughout the world, and for work promote independence from foreign control. in behalf of world peace and the reduction of (2) How can educational mission work, espe- armaments.

cially in higher education, be made more fruitful The conference appointed a committee of seven- in winning students to Christ and in training teen to study the future program and organization native evangelists and Christian teachers and of the conference. Some advocate the advisability preachers so as to build up strong national of meeting every two years, in place of annually, churches? This question involves the problem of and advise the selection of a less expensive resort non-Christian teachers and pupils in mission for these gatherings.

schools and colleges, government subsidies and The chairman of the conference this year was regulation of these Christian institutions~ and the Dr. A. E. Armstrong of the United Church of use of short-term missionary teachers, many of Canada. For next year the chairman selected is whom have no evangelistic purpose. Dr. P. H. J. Lerrigo, a secretary of the American (3) What type of missionary should be sent out Baptist Foreign Mission Society, who is also today to represent Christ and His Church among chairman of the committee on the future program non-Christian peoples? Shall they be more highly and organization. The chairman of the Committee trained for special tasks than formerly, or shall of Reference and Council is Miss Sarah S. Lyon, more emphasis be placed on spiritual equipment secretary of the Foreign Department of the Naand devotion? The general conviction is that it is tional Board of the Young Women's Christian a mistake to try to reproduce foreign churches Association. This year the Federation of Womand institutions in mission lands. The aim is an's Boards of Foreign Missions met separately rather so to present Christ and His message of at Yonkers.

life that the people of these lands will accept His claims and will follow His teachings in all their MR. GANDHI AND CHRISTIAN MISSIONS activities and relationships, as set forth in the At a meeting between Mr. Gandhi and repre- New Testament. sentatives of the British missionary societies held in London during the Nationalist leaders' attend- (4) Another problem, which is today greatly ance at the recent Round Table Conference, he hampering the work, is due to a decrease in mis- spoke frankly of the reports that have been cirsionary gifts. There is great need to stimulate culated in regard to his attitude toward Chris- Christians at home to deeper interest, more ear- tian missions. He said: nest prayer and more sacrificial giving to advance the cause of Christ throughout the world. The "From youth upwards I have enjoyed the subject of the present shortage of missionary friendliest relations with missionaries throughout funds, which is so embarrassing the work, was the world. In South Africa I came into close not upon the program and there was almost no touch with some of the finest of Christian misreference to it, but between the sessions many sionaries. I attended your churches most regugroups at Atlantic City discussed it seriously. larly and also private prayer meetings. . . . The recent report about my attitude to missions was In recent years this Foreign Missions Confer- an unconscious misrepresentation. I have had ence has been less and less an occasion for the letters from all parts of India and from Engtransaction of routine business or for the passage land and the U. S. A. asking if it was true that of resolutions having to do with interdenomina- I would prohibit all missionary enterprise and estional and international missionary cooperation. pecially proselytizing. What I meant was just Such business is now referred to the Committee of Reference and Counsel, which is highly organ- the contrary. Any suggestion that I should want ized with an Executive Committee and subcom- legislation to prohibit missionary enterprise or to mittees, and which holds several two-day meetings interfere with the beliefs of other people is unduring the year. Their report was presented to thinkable.

the conference and was disposed of in less than "The idea of converting people to one's faith

by speech and writings, by appeal to reason and word is the limitation of thought. There is room emotion and by suggesting that the faith of his for both writing and speech. Though my convic- forefathers is a bad faith, in my opinion, limits tion is strong enough in me for me to die for that the possibilities of serving humanity. I believe conviction, that force does not carry me to the that the great religions of the world are all more goal of believing that the same thing should be or less true and that they have descended to us believed by my fellowmen. I know how impertifrom God. Having come to us, however, through nent it is for an utter stranger to speak to those human media they have become adulterated. . . . to whom the message of the Bible is sacred as life itself. I am speaking to you as a seeker after God, "Whilst I criticise part of the missionary work just as you also are seekers after God. Religion I willingly admit that missions have done indirect is a personal matter, and I am not going to ask good to India. There is no doubt about this. But another man to become a Hindu or a Parsee. I for my having come under Christian influence, am sharing with you my own experience and trysome of my social work would not have been done. ing to show you as fellow workers that probably, My fierce hatred of child marriage and 'untouch- if you could see eye to eye with me, your work ability' is due to Christian influence. I have would flourish more and more. You have amazcome into contact with many splendid specimens ing self-sacrifice. You Christian missionaries of Christian missionaries." are good men. I want to multiply occasions for your service. I want to work closer with you, but The Rev. William Paton, editor of the Interna- I do not want you to get India to change her faith. tional Review oj Missions, read the resolution God is Father to the 'untouchable,' to all of us, passed in 1924 by the Delhi Unity Conference on but He appears to you in another garb. . . . I religious freedom, which Mr. Gandhi helped to adore the same Father though I may not adore draft and which he said still represent his views. him as 'God.' To me that name makes no appeal. The resolutions read: but when I think of Him as Rama, He thrills me. MY' forefathers have known him as Rama, and This Conference is emphatically of opinion that the when I take the name of Rama I arise with the utmost freedom of conscience and religion is essential, same energy. The name 'God', as it is written in and condemns any desecration of places Df worship to the Bible, is contrary to experience. My whole whatsoever faith they may belong, and any persecution soul rejects the teaching that Rama is not my or punishment of any person for adopting or reverting God. Go to the 'untouchables' ; give them schools. to any faith, and further condemns any attempt by com- If anyone were able to show me that God the Fapulsion to convert people to one's faith or to enforce one's ther had to be approached in one particular way own religious observance at the cost of the rights of I would not hesitate a moment, I would go to the others. . . . This Conference records its opinion: whole world, but my life would have to be re- written. My search is for peace and to show God That every individual or group shall have full liberty through the life I live. I give myself to my felto hold and give expression to his or their beliefs and lowmen. This is the secret of peace and happifollow any religious practice, with due regard to the feel- ness also." ings of others and without interfering with their rights. In no case may such individual or group revile the found- A member of the conference referred to the ers, holy persons or tenets of any other faith. command to Christians to go out to all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature. Mr. That every individual is at liberty to follow any faith Gandhi's reply to this was that if the questioner and to change it whenever he so wills, and shall not by believed that these were the inspired words in reason of such change of faith render himself liable to the Bible then he was called upon to obey implicany punishment or persecution at the hands of the fol- itly. lowers of the faith renounced by him. Mr. Gandhi made it abundantly plain that the That every individual or group is at liberty to convert issue between himself and the Christian missionor reconvert another by argument or persuasion but must ary movement lies much deeper than is sometimes not attempt to do so, or prevent its being done, by force, supposed. Mr. Gandhi is desirous only that the fraud or other unfair means, such as the offering of missionaries should be courteous and self-effacing, material inducement. Persons under 16 years of age and should identify themselves with the people of should not be converted unless it be along with their par- the country, but is opposed to the effort to win disents or guardians. If any person under 16 years of age ciples to Christ-something which is fundamental is found stranded without his parent or guardian by a in Christianity. The content of the Christian person of another faith, he should be promptly handed message is not the superiority of a foreign civilover to a person of his own faith. There must be no ization, but is the Person, the Words, the Work secrecy about any conversion or reconversion. and the Power of Jesus Christ.

If Mr. Gandhi Were a Christian "If I were a Christian missionary (and I can enter into the hearts of Christian missionaries)," said Mr. Gandhi, "I would go and work among the 'untouchables,' establishing Christian ashrams among them, with a church in a mud, living among them as God may guide.

"Language fails to convey meaning; the uttered

of the Present

Outlook .-:( , By ROBERT E. SPEER, D. D., New York Secretary of the Board of Foreign Mi.~sions. Presbyterian Church, V. S. A.; author of "Some Living Issues", etc.

T HE clash of Japan and China in Manchuria provoked save as Japan herself manufactured the has turned the eyes of the world again to the provocation. Far East. It is illustrative of the new world The League of Nations has sought earnestly to unity which has come into being, that el;lch coun- find a solution of a problem whose complexity and try has striven to justify itself difficulty are known fully only before the conscience of man- to those who have knowledge kind and each has charged the The whole world is upset. which the general public does responsibility for fault upon Men's attitude toward religion not have. Fair-minded people the other. In the case of large and politics, toward social and must sympathize with 60th naelements in each nation the economical conditions have tions and wish for a just settlecharge is made with undoubted undergone a radical change in ment that will help each nation honesty. In China the student the past twenty years. Should to meet its grievous problems, class has been convinced that we conform our view of the so that both of them will live China was wholly innocent and mission of Christ and the together in friendship and good Japan the indisputable offend- Christian Church to fit some will. fixed standard? In this paper er, while in Japan groups which Dr. Speer deals with some of It is difficult to see how J a- have been clearly sympathetic the present problems in Asia pan's real interests are to be with China's struggle and which and their effect on the present met by military measures or have steadily opposed the mili- religious and missionary out- any territorial expansion won taristic temper, have neverthe- at the price of China's hatred less felt that in the present case look. There is a greater dan- and distrust. Dr. Harold Moulthe whole blame was not on ger that threatens than the ton, President of the Brookings Japan. danger of anti-religious in- Institute and recent adviser of fluences. There are dangers the Japanese Minister of Fi- Japan has contended that she that threaten the very roots nance, set forth this issue in a was only protecting her own of the missionary unde~ak­ speech last November before nationals and treaty rights in ing. These he deals with frankly and constructively. Manchuria, and that China was What is the need of the hour? the Chicago Council on Foreign seeking to use the present situ- Relations. He said: .

ation and the machinery of the League of Nations so to confuse the issue that she From 1920 to 1929 Japan had a period of extraordinary would escape from her treaty commitments. Japan expansion and was able to absorb and support her popucould quote a Chinese, P. C. Hsu, as saying, "China lation in a rising standard of living. The population is will never tolerate the treaty rights that have about 65,000,000 and the increase has been a million a year for the last decade. With the end of economic been based upon the notorious Twenty-one De- expansion the population problem became one of acute mands." concern. Under the present situation 500,000 new workers must be given employment each year in Japan. The popu- On the other side China has contended that these lation increase is one each 15 seconds, or faster than the treaty claims were iniquitous and that Japan has entire merchant marine could carry them away if given seized the present world situation, as she seized this task.

the opportunity of 1915, to take advantage of Dr. Moulton.then took up Japan's colonial his- China's weakness and to invade still further her tory. He showed that Formosa and Korea have integrity and sovereignty; she contends that not proved an outlet for population and that they Japan's present activity in Manchuria was un- are an economic burden. He continued: [135]

What of Manchuria? They have had twenty years of large industries and banking firms have done their share development there. It has not proved a population outlet. in bringing about these changes. There are only 200,000 Japanese there in a population .of thirty million. There is another side to this matter. The old family organization in China was a positive incu- Manchuria is like our middle and northwestern states, bus on individual initiative and social progress. largely a wheat growing country. Japan lives largely on The difficulty today is that the good of the insti- rice. There is coal in Manchuria but the Japanese have tution is going with the evil before any new form sufficient. of family life has been established to conserve this good and to displace this evil. The only form of My conclusion is that the possession of Manchuria by family life that can do this is the Christian, and Japan is of secondary economic importance. Japan w.ould the Christian form is fighting for its very exist- be at a permanent disadvantage through seizure and ence in the West. permanent occupation. Influence on Missions The Japanese people cannot migrate. They cannot com- pete with Chinese and Korean labor. Their great problem The excitement of the Manchurian situation has is to find employment for their people at home. This not apparently closed or constricted in any way cannot be in agriculture. It is only possible in an increase th~ Christian opportunity in either China or in manufactures. Her chief outlets for manufactured Japan. Mission schools and colleges in China are goods are in China and India. Her .only .opportunity is filled and evangelistic missionaries report audito manufacture finished products by skilled labor for sale ences everywhere. In Japan unprecedented ac- abroad. cessibilities are reported. The organ of the King- dom of God Movement reports: This is recognized by most of the members of the parliamentary government. Any possible gain in Manchuria Communism is making tremendous inrQads in student would be more than offset by losses in trade with the centres as well as in the industrial area and amQng the rest of China. The Chinese boycott is a very seriQUS peasant class. The doors, hQwever, are nQt closed to the thing. Christian message. Some weeks ago the writer partici- pated in a campaign in a rural town. Because the church The best interests of Japan, as of all the rest of of the town could not hold the crowds the local committee the world, require friendship and cooperation between Japan and China. arranged to hold the meetings in the auditorium of the public primary school. When I expressed concern as to And assuredly China needs peace and justice. It is an infinite pity that she cannot be let alone whether my message, in which I expected to major on the and wilL not be satisfied to deal with her own in- evangelistic note, would be welcomed in such a place, I ternal problems so as to establi~h unity and order was told that the Principal, although not a Christian, inand a just and prosperous national life. It is sisted that they wanted a religious message and the more tragic that she should have energies and resources Christian the better. and attention drawn away to straighten out foreign relationships when she needs all her thought At the close of the message the local pastor asked that and strength for the enormous tasks of her own decision cards be distributed and while he made a ringing development. The single problem of the family plea f.or decisions a good number .of the audience signed organization and life is tragic enough and it is cards as inquirers. only one of a score hardly less important. Mr. Chang, Chinese Consul General in San Francisco, The holding of a Christian evangelistic meeting, closing has written of this: with an appeal for decisions, in a Government Primary School is something which never could have happened Of the many changes in China. wrought by the forces anywhere in Japan a few years ago. It shows the turn which have been brought into play by the impact of .of the anti-religious tide which has been running with Western civilization, none has had such a far-reaching such tremendous force during the past fifty years among effect on the present Chinese social structure as the the intellectuals and educational leaders of the Empire. passing .of the family system. Admittedly, China is the last stronghold of the old family system, but even Two weeks later, the writer was asked to help in a camhere it must give way to the disintegrating force of the w.orld's industrial revolution. Its origin practically lost paign in two churches in an industrial centre. Never in the mist of antiquity, the Chinese family system has during almost thirty years in Japan have I seen so many been handed down through many centuries virtually in- laboring men in a Christian church, wearing their worktact. The reason for this is that Chinese civilization has ing garb marked with the emblem of their trade. At the been built on the basis of the family. All ancient records close, one-fifth of those present responded to the invitation of history give credit for the establishment of matrimonial and signed cards as inquirers. In the other church the rites to Fu Hsi, the legendary emperor who ruled China building was packed with y.oung people from a neighbormore than 5,000 years ago. The use of the family sur- ing factory. names came into existence at about the same time. It may therefore be said that patriarchal society in China, The Kingdom of God Movement reports meetas well as the Chinese family system, came into being ings in 1930 attended by 265,000 people, with during this period. The centralization of the chief in- 13,837 signing cards as inquirers. For the past dustries in the cities and towns has been the main cause six months of 1931 there were 157,942 in attendof the breaking up of the family system. Emigrations to ance at the meetings, and 8,842 cards signed. the less congested parts of China and even to other countries, the improved means of transportation, and the .or- The Manchurian incident, as already indicated, ganization of agencies in various parts of the country by has shown afresh the unity of interest which now binds together the whole world. The late Profes-

ASPECTS OF THE PRESENT MISSIONARY OUTLOOK

sor Giddings of Columbia contended that the fun- most vital to the world's life and to the cause of damental sociological principle was "conscious- human unity. This truth ought to be the clearest ness of kind." Kin-consciousness now takes in and the most welcomed truth, namely, the prin- not only one's own race or nation but all human- ciple of full religious liberty, of complete freedom ity. Ramsay Macdonald, in closing the debate on for the spirit of man. There are now more as- the speech from the throne when the new Parlia- saults on this principle than for many a year. It ment assembled on November 10, pointed out that has been flatly and tyrannically rejected in Russia.

the separatist economy of the nations was "crazy." It has been threatened and abridged in China.

He said that the only hope of Great Britain and Nationalism has limited it in Turkey. In the of the world lay in "the necessary international natural reaction against oppressive clericalism conferences and negotiations." New understand- some of the Latin American states have denied ings must be reached and "every nation in the basic religious rights, and even in India Mr.

world must be a party to the agreement." Even Gandhi and Mr. Natarajan have decried the lib- Senator Borah said, what is obvious now to all erty now permitted for free religious discussion rational men but what until recently only mis- and propaganda. Mr. Gandhi later took pains to sionary people declared, speaking in Carnegie Hall say that he would never wish to have his disap- on May 5, 1931: "Our country cannot escape from proval enacted as law, but Mr. Natarajan openly this deep trough of depression and at the same appealed for the prohibition by statute of all ef- time leave the balance of the human race behind. fort on the part of Christianity, at least, to divert We have our own immediate problems.. We have Hindus and Moslems from the ancient faiths of our own immediate work before us. But in a India. He forgot, however, as the Christians of larger sense the prosperity of the United States India have pointed out to him, that Christianity depends upon the prosperity of other peoples. was in India long before Mohammedanism, that Anything like general and durable prosperity it is as truly an ancient faith of India as Islam, must be had in connection with the rest of the or some sects of Hinduism, and that it has the world." third largest body of adherents in India, exceed- But this common interest of the world cannot ing the Sikhs and, in India proper, the Buddhists be expressed in mere commercial or economic as well.

terms. The new Ambassador of Peru to the There is no danger in India of the abridgment United States, Don Manuel de Freyre, spoke of by law of the right of religious liberty, both of this at an address to the Pan-American Society: worship and of proclamation. The Nehru Report It goes without saying that business is indeed a very gave assurance of that in its proposed constitu- important factor in uniting countries that live far apart. tion. And the agreement of the five minorities at . . . But to join men together does not necessarily mean that they will get on well together. . . . Friend- the recent Round Table Conference provided: ship stands on a higher plane. It would not be honest to deny that certain barriers between North and South Full religious liberty-that is, full liberty of belief, Americans do exist. . . • We should become acquainted worship, observances, propaganda, associations and educawith not only our material needs, but our spiritual needs tion-shall be guaranteed to all communities, subject to as well. The souls of our nations should come in touch the maintenance of public order and morality. No person one with another. Externals are quickly seized; the hidden shall merely by change of faith lose any civic' right or reactions of the mind and heart are more elusive elements. privilege or be subject to any penalty. The right shall be given to establish, manage and control, at their own Indeed, as has been often pointed out, our mate- expense, charitable, religious and social institutions, schools and other educational establishments, with the rial interests and the relations founded upon them right to exercise their religion therein. The Constitution are the most brittle of all bonds. Kipling's "Peace shall embody adequate safeguards for the protection of of Dives," embodying the idea of the irrefragable religion, culture and personal law and the promotion of value of economic relationships, was exploded with education, language and charitable institutions of the minority communities and for their due share in grants the other axioms of our materialistic civilization given by the State and by self-governing bodies.

in the World War. The only real unity of the But more important than any paper agreements world is biological and spiritual. The missionary are the facts of life. There is not and there never enterprise embodies it with the doctrine of inter- will be, unless India becomes Christian, a unity of racial respect and equality and its sanctions religions in India. So long as there is no unity springing from its conception of one God and the different groups will require and secure tole- Father of all and one Saviour for the common ration and freedom. And when Christianity beneed of mankind. comes the dominant religion, toleration and free- The Principle of ,Religious Liberty dom will be of necessity guaranteed. The missionary enterprise has more to fear It is a strange fact that there is increasing from other influences than from the threat of the blindness across the world to the truth which is abridgment of religious freedom. This threat is

a hopeless battle against God and time. The road it is because that is not believed; it is because the disto martyrdom is always open to those to whom tinctiveness and exclusiveness of the Christian religion has truth and freedom are more than life. The greater been allowed to fade to a certain extent .out .of men's dangers lie in ideas and attitudes that cut the minds, that the CDmpulsive attraction of the Christian faith is less felt at hDme, and that the men are not coming roots of the missionary undertaking, because they into the Church by whom the work of missions .ought to cut the very roots of Christianity. What are these be done. ideas and attitudes? The late Professor James These are things that need to be said in the Denney summed them up in his downright way in plainest way today against the adulation of Mr. his address at the Edinburgh Missionary Confer- Gandhi and his exaltation to a place with Christ and against the preparations that are even now ence in 1910: making in India for his apotheosis. The Hindu- First of all I would say that the Church must have stan Times of September 17, 1931, closes an edia revived and deepened sense that God has given us torial on "Gandhi-The World Teacher" with the something wonderful and incomparable in giving us His words: Son. A great part of the weakness .of the Church con- sists in or arises out of the diffusion in it .of a kind of If the manner in which he has captured the hearts of Christian secularism. There are large numbers of people the Western people is any indication .of the future, it is in the Church at home to whom the Church is something quite pDssible that while his present visit may mark the of-I was going to say exactly, but at all events .of very culminatiDn of his political career, it may als:o inaugurate much-the same kind as a great many other institutions the beginning of a greater and more gloriouR career, that exist fur the ameliDration of society. They can be- namely, of a saviDur not .only of the teeming milliDns .of long to a Church as they belong to any other society that India, but of the teeming millions of the world. Has not does the world good, but they dD nDt feel under any obli- the saint of Sabarmati much in commDn with the Saint gation to belong to it. of Galilee?

Very often the distinctive and specific things that ought The Allahabad Leade'f on August 12, 1931, to characterize the Church, that :ought to be prominent quoted from an Indian paper an article by Ramasin its testimony, that ought to be the testing things of its wanis Aiyar entitled "Gandhi and Christ–Each life-the forgiveness of sin and the presence .of God in Christ and the indwelling of His Spirit and the reality Is Practically the Other." A mass of such litera- .of eternal life-these things are nDt the things that are prominent, but they are dulled and in the background ture has appeared both in India and in the West. somehDw, and the sDuls of men do not live in these things, Mr. Gandhi is not Christ, nor is he a Christian, but in a kind of gODd wDrks such as they might dD any- though he is a good man and ought to be a Chris- where else in the world as well as there. tian. But he is no evidence that Denney's view of There is anDther thing that goes to weaken the Church Christianity is not true. It is the New Testament -and sometimes, strange tD say, it is supposed tD be a view. It is the historic Christian view. It is the reflex effect .of the wDrk .of fDreign missiDns themselves. 'true view. And the Christ of the Gospel is to be There are .other religions in the world beside .our .own, and made known to all men and all men are to be in- YDU are familiar with the idea that those other religiDns have a place and functiDn in the prDvidential gDvernment vited and entreated, "beseeched" as St. Paul said, of the world. The whole question of the existence of to become His disciples, to accept the redeeming other religi.ons and .of their relatiDns tD the Christian deed of God in the Gospel and to help build religion and .of their relative right tD exist and tD function Christ's Church and Kingdom in all the earth. in the life .of the world, is SD difficult a question in- tellectually that many peDple make it an excuse fDr Missionary Propaganda refusing tD interpDse in such a cDmplicated situatiDn, and even begin tD say to themselves sDmething like what If this is propaganda, then it is exactly the Ezekiel heard the Israelites say nearly six hundred years business for which the Christian Church was esbefDre Jesus came, "We will be like the heathen, like the tablished and exists in the world. There is a great families of the countries, to serve wood and stone." Peo- deal of loose and unexamined thinking and speakple say tD themselves, "Weare not going to interfere in ing today on this matter. "Propaganda" is dethis; we will leave the whole affair to PrDvidence tD work it out in its own way; we will not assert anything intDI- nounced and the whole missionary conception of erant .or exclusive in .our faith; we will take .our chance and sink Dr swim with mankind." That kind .of feeling the New Testament is decried as imperialism. We has tainted the mind .of Christendom, and even the mind are told that Christianity is no longer to be con- ceived as the final and absolute and exclusive reof the Christian Church. Now thDse two things have done a great deal to weaken ligion, but only as one of many, and that our busi- the Church, and I believe we need in the home church ness is to "share," not in the sense of sharing preaching directed against them bDth; preaching that will Christ, but in the sense of interchanging ideas bring out what is distinctive and peculiar in the revelatiDn with the non-Christian religions and setting up a that GDd has given us in His SDn, preaching that will pantheon which will contain Christ, to be sure, make men feel that we cannDt evade the responsibility .of that incomparable gift that God has given, preaching but also Buddha and Mohammed and all the that will make everybody feel that the difference between the Christian and the non-Christian attitude tD Jesus is "prophets." Men may hold this view now as they not the difference of mDre or less, or the difference of have held it before, but they may not call it Chrisbetter or worse, but the difference of life or death. And tianity, nor will they find in it the dynamic to

produce the "saints, apostles, prophets, martyrs" and Jerusalem reaffirmations of the historic belief whom the Church has known in the past. In his of the Church. And on those convictions they rest recent Yale Lectures on Preaching, entitled "Jesus the missionary movement today. The fact is that Came Preaching," Dr. Buttrick sets forth a differ- the great body of our Christian people in many of ent view. He said: our denominations distrust some of the leadership of today, because they think it would shift the To the apostles, Jesus, by their experience of Him, missionary enterprise away from its foundations was alone. Phrase it as you will: f.or them Jesus had on the New Testament conception of the Gospel. His .own relationship with God-and He was as far Those missionary agencies and activities will best above a pantheon as the heaven is ab.ove the earth. He weather the present storms and move out into came tQ have absolute value f.or them. . . . The Gos- larger things which satisfy their constituencies pel is an eternal Gospel, from everlasting to everlasting that they are holding fast to the faith of the the overture of God to men in Jesus Christ, and like Him fathers and that fearlessly bring that faith to bear who inscribed it in the ink of His blood, "the same yester- on new problems, new tasks and with ever new day, today and forever." and living adaptation.

William Newton Clark set forth in his "Study For this position today there is ever abiding of Christian Missions" this New Testament con- and ever enlarging need and opportunity. The ception in its bearing on the duty of the Church Church wants the real Gospel preached. And it frankly to go out and to win the world to a faith is the real Gospel that the world needs. Idolatry in Christ different from men's faith in other re- is not mere symbolism. It is the worship of idols ligious teachers, because Christ is different and and needs to be in part destroyed and in part subalone and His religion is different and unique. limated by the knowledge of the God who is Spirit and Truth. Suffering and want are real- in But the question is raised whether this faith is China with its famine, in India with its poverty, any longer held by the Church at home. Dr. Den- and in Africa with its disease. Let anyone read ney intimates that it was waning and that with its Albert Schweitzer's "The Forest Hospital at Lamwane the missionary passion goes out. A recent barene" and he will have a first-hand authentic publication of the Foreign Missions Conference of picture of human misery. There has been too North America asks: much glossing over the facts of the world's abys- mal need of what, in history past and present, The Jerusalem Conference postulated the Message as does not come into human lives or human society f.ormulated by the Lausanne Conference. In what meas- apart from Christ and His influence. ure, if any, is the difficulty today connected with the postulates of misswns? Is the future of missions tied up The present-day issue is whether the Church will continue to hold the Gospel which can meet with: this need, the Gospel of God's redeeming love and a. The continued emphasis and re-emphasis of the long- salvation, and build its missionary enterprise upon accepted bases of motivation as found in the inher- it. There will be some earnest men and women ited standards of faith? or, who will not do so, who will believe that the time b. A discovery of the pre-suppositions actually implicit has come to supersede or reconstruct this Gospel in the present-day thinking of the constituencies at and the world mission built on it. But there will home, and the implication of these positions with also be earnest men and women and Christian respect to efforts to meet human need abroad? Are churches and missionary agencies that will seek we to try to build missionary motivation on the pre- to meet the issues of the new time in new ways, sumptive .or on the actual faith .of church people? but with the same Gospel with which Paul went off across the Roman Empire, and with which In other words, were the Lausanne and J erusa- Cary and Duff laid the foundations in India and lem Conferences wrong in adhering to the historic David Livingstone lifted the sombre fringes of the and New Testament view of Christ and the Gos- night in Africa-the old and ever new, the everpel; ought we now frankly to recognize that these lasting Gospel. old postulates are forsaken and try to build the missionary enterprise on whatever attitudes and opinions we find now current in the Church? Some are seeking to do this. There are others who do not believe that the song about the "faith of our fathers" is to be mere words. They hold as their own the convictions embodied in the Lausanne THE TECHNIQUE OF BEING A CHRISTIAN Dr. Stanley Jones tells of a lady who became a Christian and asked: "Now what are you going to do with me? What is the technique of being a Christian?"

Dr. Jones was not prepared to answer at once, but now he feels that he can reply to such a searching question. India has taught him that .one must "disentangle Christ from the accretiQns which the centuries had gathered arQund Him" so that faith may be "simplified and centered in a persQn." A second .outstanding lesson he learned is that the SermQn on the Mount "constitutes the technique of being a Christian," that it must be made the Christian's working philoSQphy .of life. The goal that it sets befQre man is "tQ be perfect or complete as the Father in heaven is perfect .or cQmplete." Ho"W the African Preacher Preaches 🙁 By Mrs. J. M. SPRINGER, Jadotville, Belgian Congo j:: .• Missionary 0/ the American Methodist Episcopal Church •.

A T the recent Kassai-Katanga Sectional Mis- audience as well, by shouting munyayi. It was I"l.. sionary Conference held in Elisabethville, inexplicable to me, but it was perfectly evident that it had a particular significance to the natives, the discussion regarding the emerging who became instantly all attention. Native Church had a large place. There was no disagreement among the thirtY delegates from the "I knew," continued Mr. Fisher, "that munyayi eight different societies represented as to the was the name of a certain fungus growth on trees, progress that was being made among the Africans but what it had to do with sin in this sermon, I toward a self-sustaining church, and plans to could not imagine." bring about the consummation of that desirable state were discussed with intense interest. Later, when he had the evangelist alone, Mr. Fisher learned the whole story and wondered that Among these missionaries, one alone belonged he had never thought of its application before. In to the second generation. Mr. Singleton Fisher of their folk lore the munyayi, after it attaches itself the Garanganze Brethren Mission is the son of to the tree for a long time and has got its nutri- Dr. Walter Fisher, who pioneered this country as tion from the tree, becomes rotten at the heart a contemporary of Frederick Arnot, who married and loses its power to cling to the tree. Then it Dr. Fisher's sister. Arnot's strenuous pioneering cries out to the tree, "'See, I am falling, falling; experiences took heavy toll from him and he died don't push me off!" The tree replies, "I am not years ago, but Mrs. Arnot is still in Africa and pushing you off; it is your rotten heart that is the was present in May, 1931, at the jubilee commem- cause of your falling." orating the setting out of Mr. Arnot for Africa in 1881. On another occasion Mr. Fisher heard a native preaching to the people about their need of God Having been born in Africa, learning to speak and calling on them to love Him for His own sake. a native language before he learned his mother's Any native will acquiesce most cheerfully to this tongue, Mr. Singleton Fisher was able to make a outwardly, while inwardly making the mental valuable contribution to the discussion from his reservation that that is just a white man's notion own experience. and not pertaining to the life of himself at all. So they listened with their accustomed politeness "It is my profound conviction," he said, "that till suddenly they were startled into genuine inthere will be a strong African Church in the fu- terest by the word Sansembo. ture and that we are on the eve of tremendous things." He went on to say that though he was The preacher did not recount the story of Sanborn in this country and had lived among the sembo, for there was no need. The word itself Africans so many years, he had of late been sur- was enough for them to see the application to the prised to find the native evangelists launching out text. on new and independent lines, reaching the people with illustrations totally outside of his own ken. Sansembo, so runs the legend, was a mighty hunter. But one day while he was living far, far "The native still needs far, far more training from the land of his father's people, a plague than he has ever had up to the present – in the swept over the country-possibly smallpox-and Bible, in church history and in many other things. swept away all of his family, so that he was left But given those, with the native background so alone. This being the case, he thought he would familiar to him, he is able to present the Gospel go back to the tribe from which he sprang and message as no missionary can possibly do. hunt up some of the relatives there. A native especially wants his own kin with whom to live. "For example: We were having a service one day out in the villages and one of our evangelists But Sansembo was shrewd of wit as well as was preaching on sin. The natives were not par- clever with the gun, so he decided to test these ticularly interested, for the sense of sin is notably relatives and see who was who and which ones lacking in the native consciousness. All at once were worth cultivating. He took a small boy along the young man startled the missionary, and his who spoke two languages, the one of the distant [140]

HOW THE AFRICAN PREACHER PREACHES

PROTESTANT MISSIONARIES OF EIGHT SOCIETIES, IN CONFERENCE AT THE WALLACE MEMORIAL CHURCH ELISABETHVILLE, BELGIAN CONGO tribe where he had been living and also of his The boy ran ahead of them and toldSansembo father's tribe. The lad was to conceal the fact what the people had said. When they came to that he understood the latter language. Sansembo and the meat and found the gun intact, When he reached the first village of his father's people, he was greeted and welcomed most effu- they turned on the lad and berated him soundly sively, for the news had spread that he was a for having broken their hearts over the account mighty hunter. They begged him to settle among them, but he made no promises. of Sansembo's death. They told Sansembo how greatly they rejoiced that he was still alive and One day he said that he wanted to go hunting, but he had lost his gun on his long journey, and how they were his devoted relatives and they asked to borrow one of theirs. He wanted the best gun in the village. With some slight hesitation wanted him to live with them always. they let him have it and he went off and bagged his game. But Sansembo gave them back the gun and On his return, instead of entering the village, told them to cut up the meat for themselves. It he stopped some distance out on the veld and sent the small boy to tell the villagers that Sansembo was evident that all they wanted of him was the had shot an eland and a roanbuck. They shouted meat that he could get for them. So saying, he with joy at the news. "But," added the boy, "the pursued his search for more desirable relatives, gun burst." At that news the people began to following the same plan, and with the same regrumble irritably. "And Sansembo himself is sults, until at last one village was found where, dead," the boy concluded. when the lad told the people the story, tliey wept and cried, "What do we care for the gun? We can "Served him quite right," they retorted angrily never eat that meat because of our sorrow at losto one another, "for breaking the best gun in the ing Sansembo. Show us where the body is and we village. We will go out and get the meat and have will go and bury him like a chief and weep for that much, but we wish he had never come here." him for a month as he so deserves."

They were" in genuine grief over his loss. So Sansembo knew that he had found real kinsfolk who loved him for his own sake.

SINGLETON FISHER OF THE GARANGANZE MISSION, Then he went to Saveye, an evangelist-teacher, CENTR:AL AFRICA who called in some of the Christians and they prayed with him till he found forgiveness and The preacher proceeded to press the matter cleansing from sin. Ever since, Ndakala has been home on the people as to whether they had really an ardent witness for Christ and a very efficient ever loved God for His own sake, or were merely soul-winner. trying to get all the benefits they could from Him and wanted nothing more. Such an illustration Then there was Lucy. She had been converted was obvious to the dullest old heathen in the as a child in the Methodist Mission. According to village. Incidentally, it is also an illustration that custom, her parents had married her to a trader would not come amiss in some of our most exclu- when she was still scarcely more than a child. sive churches in America. The trader had once been a Christian, but had so backslidden that he hated the very name of Christ An illustration something like this pierced the and everything pertaining to religion. sodden brain of Ndakala, who was an addict of hemp-smoking till he had seemingly lost all moral Lucy and her husband travelled around from and human sense. He came upon a native who village to village, selling their wares. Lucy rarely had a New Testament, and as it was read to him saw a Christian and was much less able to attend he became strongly convicted of sin. He had church. Finally they drifted onto the railroad heard the missionary preach what was probably construction, where there was plenty of money in a much better sermon many times, but he had circulation, and Lucy's husband settled down for merely thought, "Oh, that is just the white man's a time. religion; it has nothing to do with me," Here Lucy found a woman by the name of Fo- After some days of agony over his sins, he toma, who used to call all the women together to sought out a devoted Christian and began to tell have meetings. As Lucy heard her speak, the him what a wicked man he had been. The native dying embers of her soul were quickened into a Christian went on calmly working at his job as a blaze of love for her Saviour. She had learned to carpenter and after awhile remarked laconically, read and write at the mission and now Fotoma "It is not your sins that is the matter with you, told her that the first thing she must do was to but sin." buy aNew Testament. When the native colporter came around, she bought a hymn book and a Tes- Ndakala went away more stricken than ever, tament, and as she read the Gospels her heart and for two weeks wept and prayed without any became so overcharged with joy that she had to relief. find an outlet and began to testify to those whom she met. This made her husband so furious that he gave up his flourishing trade and took Lucy far away from "that ranting crowd."

However, Lucy kept right on testifying and tell- ing about Jesus in the heathen villages where they were. Many reviled and jeered at her, but she was not dismayed. She worked hard every day in her garden, just like the other women, but she began to work early and finished early and then went forth evangelizing. Finally she ran across two young men who had also been at a mission and had backslidden after they returned to their vil- lages. As they heard Lucy they, too, were smitten and turned again to Christ. A large stream of converts has followed.

What the African Preacher Needs Mr. Fisher concludes his interesting story: "We must give the natives the best we have, especially of the Bible. We missionaries need to be saturated with the Bible.

"But we must not only give them a thorough introduction to the Bible, especially of the stories and facts, but we must teach them the facts of Christian history, notably the accounts of the martyrs and of devoted followers of Christ. They

need as much as we can give them of general A faint touch of white clay shows that it has knowledge, of elementary science, etc. It is not so come from a certain stream and is headed toward much that we should teach them all that is in the some feeding grounds on ahead. Further he reads Bible as that we must train them to get out of it that it is a female and that she has five little ones for themselves the nourishment it contains. with her, but the male was not with her. All this he gathers from a broken leaf or twig which first "You can trust the native to make deductions. caught his eye. He is well trained in that process. He is called on to draw his deductions from the slightest factors "The native pastor needs to be so inducted to that are wholly beyond the range of the white Bible study that he can draw his own illustrations man. first hand. He needs a good background of church history and he needs to learn many, many things DEMAS CHAMA. AN AFRICAN PREACHER. AND HIS FAMILY from the missionary by example as well as by word of mouth. It is the emerging native pastor "For example: A man is walking along the who must and will eventually lead his own people trail and sees a broken leaf on a shrub. To us it and head up the emerging Native Church." is only a broken leaf. To him there is the deduction that a wild pig has recently passed this way. There is, however, still a very pressing need and ample scope for all the missionaries now on the field and for many more in order that we may do this necessary training of evangelists for the great demand that is being made for them. The Christian Church is not keeping pace with the increasing population. There are actually more heathen in Central Africa today than there were fifty years ago when Arnot and Swan entered the country, in spite of the fact that then there was not a single native who had even heard the Gospel and now there are thousands of native Christians. The native pastor must truly increase, but he can not go forward unless he have the missionary be- hind him to prepare him for the work of getting his own deductions out of the Bible. The Word of God must first be put into his language by the missionary and then taught and the historical background given him.

God speed the day when the Church at home will realize this tremendous need for more mis- sionaries.

LORD IRWIN ON MISSIONS It is a common thing to hear the work of Christian missions disparaged. Generally the work of disparagement is done by those who have no knowledge of the facts, who probably never read a book on missionary work, never contributed a cent to the support of missions nor breathed a prayer for the extension of Christ's Kingdom throughout the world. It is those who are most vitally in contact with the work of missionaries who are the greatest supporters of them. They see the work of the Lord in heathen hearts, they see His arm bare in saving and redeeming power, they see lives changed, redeemed and sanctified, and souls saved for time and eternity. These facts are apparent to everyone who cares to take the trouble to investigate. It is the stay-at-home arm-chair critic who shuts his eyes blindly to the blessed results of the Gospel preaching around the world who "does not believe in missions."

Recently Lord Irwin, former Viceroy of India, addressed a gathering in London and paid a striking tribute to the work of the missionary in that great land. He said among other things– "While I was Viceroy I was able to see a good deal of their work, and appreciate not only its moral and social results, but the spirit in which it was conducted. Among outcasts and lepers, among criminal tribes, or aboriginal dwellers in jungle tracts, in crowded cities and remote places in the hills, I have seen men and women slaving devotedly to translate the message of Christ into the practical language of Him who went about doing good. In spite of the tragedy of disunity within the Christian ranks, they are doing work of quite incalculable value to India, and their most powerful sermons are in their' lives."

Evangelical Christian.

Christians and the Je-ws

..q! I By MAX I. REICH, Morrisville, Pa. J: ..

~~~~~~~~~==~~==~==~~~ C HRISTIANITY is a divinely instituted mis- Church is the daughter to the synagogue. Has she sionary religion. The Church of Christ be- always been a respectful daughter? The Church's lieves that she has been entrusted with a approach to the Jew must necessarily be different wonderful message to all peoples. To make an from her approach to the nations of the heathen exception of any particular nation is to be untrue world. For "salvation is of the Jews," and if sal- to her calling and to harm her deepest life. vation has come to the Gentiles, it is "to provoke Yet voices are heard today saying that the them to jealousy." So far Gentiles, professing Christian Church ought to make such an excep- that salvation, have failed to make the Jews tion with regard to the Jewish people. "jealous." They have given them the impression Time was when the attitude of the so-called that Christianity is a gentilish fabrication instead Christian world towards the Jews living within of the fulfilment of the deepest quest in the Jew- her borders was that of unfriendliness. Grave ish heart.

wrongs were committed against that people, The religion of Christ is not intended to be the wrongs that were sanctioned and even encouraged destruction of Judaism, but its glorious fulfilment by those claiming to represent the Christian and transfiguration. It should not detach Jewish Church. Is it to be wondered at that, as a result, believers in the Messiah, foretold in their own the Gospel message was prejudiced in Jewish Scriptures, from their people, but rather it should eyes? We may even say that during the dark make them Israelites indeed.

centuries, when the so-called Christian world It is far better to be a good Jew than a poor penned up the Jews in filthy ghettos, there was Christian. We have, perhaps, been too anxious to more real piety and purity of life inside the ghet- "convert" the Jew. Rather awaken the God- tos than outside. consciousness in his soul, so that he will seek to But should the Christian Church of today de- rediscover the secret of the prophets, the psalm- cide to withhold from the Jewish people the mes- ists, the saints, the seers and mystics of his won- sage of salvation in the Messiah, who is the true derful past. That will put him in the way that "Glory of Israel"? Even though Israel does not leads straight to the greatest self-revelation of the yet see that glory, Christians would commit a God of Israel-the Messiah.

greater wrong against the ancient People of God Many of the modern missionary methods, which than when the Church systematically persecuted our Jewish brethren so deeply resent, may hinder and oppressed them. rather than help forward the attainment of this What are the facts? The mass of the Jewish goal. Perhaps we may have to change our meth- people today are religiously adrift. Hundreds of ods. But should we also change the original char- thousands of them are either altogether irrelig- ter of our commission, to testify to both Jews and ious or are seeking to slake their spiritual thirst Greeks, repentance towards God and faith to- by turning to strange shrines and drinking of wards our Lord Jesus Christ?

alien streams. The synagogue no longer meets Let us rather hasten the day when it will be their need. Judaism is felt to be a misfit in our possible to have a Jewish-Christian community, modern world. inside the environment of Jewry, and in loving Is the Christian Church to be blamed or to be touch with everything Jewish, and recognizing all commended if she says to these Jews not only, the "good" there is in the synagogue, but a com- "Come and join our quest for God and truth," but, munity that is able to demonstrate by transfigured "Come and share our discovery"? lives the "better" things that are found only by There is another side to the question. The union with the living Christ.

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Recent Changes In

By the REV. RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER, D. D.

New York ):-.

Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church T REMENDOUS changes have taken place in long been teaching that human welfare is an es- the social, industrial, rural and educational sential part of the program of Jesus. life of the Mexican people. There are evi- Protestant churches have gained in leadership dences on every side of the practical working out and are growing in self-support. Most of the work of attempts to reconstruct Mexican life and to lay of the Church is now in the hands of Mexicans.

the foundations of a new, unified, progressive They lay emphasis on personal loyalty to Jesus state. Christ as Saviour and Lord, an evidence of sal- One cannot understand the deep significance of vation in personal living, and a deep interest in what is going on in Mexico without sOII1:e knowl- all social problems.

edge of her history and the social, rural and in- The increased emphasis on education by the dustrial heritage which nearly four hundred years government, so manifest throughout the Repub- of foreign influence-ecclesiastical, political and lic, will sooner or later make it necessary for the commercial- have left upon Mexico. evangelicals to define the purpose of the Church.

The revolution in Mexico has been essentially Schools in Mexico have the same problem which an effort to give the twelve or more millions of is appearing throughout the world. In both teach- peons or serfs the essentials of life. This means ing method and in character building, the church that they must have access to the soil and must schools have something very much better than be trained in responsible farming. Labor must no those controlled by the government.

longer be exploited. The people must be educated One cannot speak too highly of the Protestant and the health of every community must be safe- educational institutions. It is amazing what is guarded. being accomplished with such a small financial This revolution has involved the complete di- investment. Most of their income is from student vorcing of the Church from all political movements fees, but all of these schools must soon have some and civil institutions. These religious regulations endowment if their equipment and teaching staff were first being enforced five years ago. Those are to be kept in high order.

regulations forced a changed status upon all cleri- Out of these schools are coming not only the lay cal missionaries, the separation of all schools from and ministerial leaders of the evangelical churches Church control, the elimination of religious teach- but also many of the intelligent and sympatheti- ing from elementary schools, the confiscation of cally minded group of influential people in the Church property, and the registration of this social and educational and political life of Mexico property with the state, and the giving up of all who do not ally themselves with the Protestant civil rights by Church ministers. Naturally, those churches.

days brought much confusion, uncertainty, and New opportunities are arising in modern Mex- many difficult problems. ico which are a distinct challenge to the evangeli- The Evangelical Christian Movement has be- cal forces. Outstanding among these is a new come well adjusted to the new conditions. The approach to the young, educated Mexicans-the decision of the evangelical leaders quietly to ad- products of government schools, the rural and just themselves to the law, including all the regu- state normal schools for teachers, and the national lations regarding property, schools, registration, university. This group is increasing by thousands etc., contrasted with the attitude of the Roman each year. Many have long since lost interest in Catholic hierarchy and the so-called strike of .the the Roman Catholic Church in Mexico, and the Catholic clergy. The Evangelical Movement now coming generation of young Mexicans, educated, has an acknowledged place in the life of Mexico influential and modern in every respect, are likely and evangelicals have an increasing influence, as to grow up without any religious education what- is evidenced in the strength, initiative and sense ever. Some wili be antagonistic to all religion, for of responsibility shown by evangelical leaders, the influence from Russia and elsewhere has al- both ministers and laymen. The evangelicals have ready penetrated Mexico and is common talk in [145]

educated circles. This need can be met only by a Methodists, Presbyterians and Congregationalists, sympathetic approach outside the ordinary evan- but now there are other denominations repregelical church circles. sented. Anyone from the States may join this American church by bringing a letter of recom- Another opportunity of almost equal importance mendation without disturbing his active memberis the provision of good Christian literature for ship at home. children, boys and girls, young people, and educated adults. This' will vary in type, but the Still another cooperative Protestant organizachances now for this service will never again ap- tion is the Young Men's Christian Association, pear to quite the same degree. There is also the which was started thirty years ago and has beopportunity of creating a really indigenous cur- come a very large and influential Christian force riculum for religious instruction of children and in Mexico City and throughout the Republic. The youth. Two kinds of literature are needed: one association has over 4,000 paid members and has for the Christian nurture of the evangelical com- had a large influence in shaping Mexico's new recmunity and the other for the increasing thousands reational development. It has had a considerable who are able to read, but for whom little is to be influence upon the lives of present-day Mexican found in the Spanish language. Much that is leaders who have been members of the association. obtainable now is positively vicious, lustful and poisonous. The Committee on Cooperation in Latin Amer- ica, under the able secretaryship of Dr. Samuel Dr. Elisha A. King writes that today there are Guy Inman, is composed of representatives of the at least seventeen Protestant organizations at American Protestant groups serving in Mexico, work in Mexico. The American Baptist Home Central and South America. It has done much to Missionary Society entered in 1861. The Ameri- foster a better understanding and a more Chriscan Friends Board of Foreign Missions and the tian cooperation between the two continents, and Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of the has promoted evangelization, Christian education, Protestant Episcopal Church began operations in and the production of Christian literature for 1870. The Presbyterian (U. S. A.), the Methodist these lands. It has also helped place the longings Episcopal (South) and the American Board (Con- and needs of the people of these southern repubgregational) entered in 1872. The Presbyterian lics upon the hearts and minds of North American Church South entered in 1874. The American friends. Bible Society began its activities in 1878 and the International Committee of the Y. M. C. A. started It is difficult to secure accurate statistics as to its work in 1902. The Southern Baptist Society how many Protestants there are in Mexico today. did not enter until 1880. The Christian (Disciples) The number is about 50,000, of whom 18,000 are Woman's Board of Missions began work in 1895. Presbyterians, 15,000 Methodists and 700 Congre- Other denominations, such as the Seventh-Day gationalists. The balance is divided amongnumer- Adventists, the Nazarenes, and the Church of ous other denominations. Very likely there are God, also carryon missionary work. 50,000 actual church members and a very large constituency of interested people. At first the missionaries carried on their activities anywhere they pleased, but a time came when The methods of work used are evangelistic it was felt that there ought to be some better way preaching, church services, Sunday schools, day of evangelizing the country. Consequently a con- schools, industrial schools, higher educational inference of denominational leaders was held in stitutions, social settlement work, hospitals and Cincinnati in 1914 and it was agreed to divide dispensaries, and, of course, the diversified activi- Mexico among the Congregationalists, Presbyte- ties of the Y. M. C. A. and the Y. W. C. A. G. Baez rians, Methodist Episcopal (South) and Methodist Comargo, Secretary of the Mexican National Episcopal (North) and the Disciples and Friends. Christian Council, an outstanding religious leader The other denominations decided to continue to go of Latin America, has done wonderful service for .their own way and locate where they pleased. The Protestant Christianity in Mexico, especially in the plan has worked well so far as the denominations field of religious education. He has the support of accepting it have been concerned. all the Protestant bodies at work in Mexico.

One of the most interesting Protestant develop- Rev. Victoriano D. Baez, in "The Genius of ments is the Union Theological Seminary, organ- Mexico," says truly: "Protestantism in Mexico is ized in Mexico City in 1917, with Dr. John How- not fighting to impose its creeds on Catholicism land, a Congregational minister, as its first presi- or any other branch of religion, but is trying to dent. enter into cooperation with all the living forces in the country – social, philanthropic, cultural and Another interesting development of this co- religious – for the moral elevation, social betteroperative plan is the Union Evangelical Church ment and complete redemption of the Mexican in Mexico City. It was originally made up of people."

Progress In Puerto

..:J! By JARVIS S. MORRIS, San German, Puerto Rico J!:..

I N the matter of evangelism the Presbytery of They strive toward an evangelical code of morals, Puerto Rico is the most active presbytery for but feel that they cannot give themselves over to its size in the whole General Assembly. While the churches because of social, political or comthe whole Church won one member on confession mercial considerations. Large numbers of the of faith for every 20.4 members, the Puerto Rican men are Masons, despite the opposition of the Church added one for every 7.6 members. Only Roman Church. Probably less than five per cent four presbyteries made a better average than this: of the people who call themselves Catholics regu- North Arizona, Jonesboro (Ark.), Rendall (Cana- larly attend the confessional or the mass. Only dian Synod), and Birmingham (Tenn.). All of when the images of Christ, the Virgin, and the these are very small, the largest having 730 mem- saints are being carried through the streets at bel's, whereas the Island Presbytery has' 3,266. Christmas and Easter do the people attend the worship in any large numbers. Twenty-five presbyteries in the Church have between 3,000 and 4,000 church members, and If a Puerto Rican leader, with a personality reamong these the average number of new members sembling that of Gandhi or Kagawa, should arise received on confession was one in every 21.2. The to lead a movement of evangelical thought, couched record of the Island Presbytery is almost three in the aesthetic forms so dear to the Latin imagitimes as large; it actually received 428 on con- nation, he would no doubt find a large following fession. and could build a church on liberal lines some- thing like the Old Catholic Church. Would it be Admitting that the Kingdom of God cometh not called the Evangelical Catholic Church? with the counting of heads, we find cause for thanksgiving in the evangelistic leadership of this To this unchurched group the evangelical insular presbytery which is only a short genera- churches could appeal effectively if they would tion old. The rapid growth may be attributed to unite in one United Evangelical Church of Puerto a number of causes: Rico. Last year three of the nine denominations- the United Brethren, the Congregationalists, and 1. The ministry is distinctly Puerto Rican. the Christians-united to form a church by that There is only one continental American serving a name and invited the others to unite with them. church in the whole presbytery – the English- Thus far, however, the union is made up of only speaking church of the Polytechnic Institute at the three denominations. The Presbyterians have San German. There are only four American not accepted because they fear a lowering of the members of the presbytery. The chairman of the educational standards of the ministers, a decrease mission is a Puerto Rican, the Rev. Angel Archilla in ministerial salaries, and the loss of their fely Cabrera, D. D. A people can best be won to lowship with the church in the north. The Pres- Christ through its own leaders. byterians number as many as the three denomi- nations combined in the union. To enter the union 2. The presbytery is made up almost entirely of would mean sacrifice at a number of points, but young men. Nine-tenths of the churches are served the gains of presenting a united front to the by pastors under forty years 'Of age, and many people would far outweigh such a loss. pastors are under thirty. Whatever their other faults, young men are enthusiastic and active. Evangelical churches could further strengthen their effectiveness by placing more emphasis on 3. In spite of its ancient Roman Catholic tra- worship-form and ritual, pageantry and those dition and heritage, Puerto Rico is not Romanist beautiful forms in which God's truth glows. It is by conviction, but only by habit and sentiment. difficult to build a great Latin Evangelical Church Many of the people are beginning to think inde- upon the plain Anglo-Saxon lines. The religion of pendently and to search for a larger way of life. an artistic people must contain more aesthetic and Some who reject Roman Catholicism as a means emotional elements than that of a practical, workof salvation go into the evangelical churches. a-day people. Few of the Protestant Church edi- fices compare in beauty with those of the Roman Many educated and refined people are no longer tied to the old religious customs and yet have not found spiritual homes in the evangelical churches.

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Church. The evangelicals have been careful not to talk to her boy and lead him into the Church, but cause offense by having pictures, statues or other when the pastor asked if she wanted him to try to forms of adornment in the churches. They have persuade her daughter also, she replied: "Oh, no! certainly offended none, but they may have failed My girl must remain a Catholic." They fear that to inspire many. the girls cannot marry men of the better families if they become Cultistas. Even this distinction SAN GERMAN-THE OLDEST CHURCH IN THE WESTERN between the social requirements upon the different HEMISPHERE. BUILT IN 1530 sexes, however, is becoming less noticeable.

From the days of the "conquistadores" there At the beginning of the work the churches sufhave been in Puerto Rico the owning class and fered from the lack of trained leadership. The the laboring class. Even the rapid progress of first pastors were poorly trained, but now two democracy has not destroyed the line of demarka- growing institutions insure intellectual and spirtion, as it has scarcely done even in the United itual training-the Polytechnic Institute and the States. As the common people heard Jesus gladly, Union Theological Seminary at Rio Piedras, both it was the common people who heard gladly the interdenominational. The former offers a liberal first evangelical missionaries. The so-called upper arts course of four years with a distinct Christian classes, the old families, have held back, since the tone, granting the A. B. degree. An organized first cause of this holding back on the part of the student Presbyterian Church has in its memberwealthier and more socially elite was that the ship about sixty-five per cent of the student body. common people were there first. The officers of Bible and Christian education courses provide for the churches were shoemakers, share-croppers, a major, and twelve term hours are required of and the like. The aristocrats would have had to each student to receive the degree. Daily morning sit in the pews beside their servants, perhaps, for prayers, weekly Y. M. and Y. W. C. A. meetings, the young Church demanded democracy and would and Sunday school and church provide religious not provide two types of seats as the Catholic instruction, inspiration, and opportunity of exchurches did. So social barriers kept them out of pression. The Polytechnic Institute has graduated the churches. five classes of college-trained young men and women, who are taking their places of moral There is another reason: The common people leadership in their respective fields. heard the emotional without the aesthetic appeal, but the upper classes wanted the intellectual and MARQUIS SCIENCE HALL. POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE. aesthetic as well. SAN GERMAN Today the social barriers to the Gospel are The Evangelical Seminary offers a three-year breaking down slowly but steadily. Every year theological course. An increasing number of minsees an increasing number of the educational and isterial candidates are taking a full college course many political leaders of the island embracing either in the University of Puerto Rico or in the Protestantism. Polytechnic Institute before they take the theo- logical course. The struggle between the Gospel and social customs has brought forth a number of interesting The future of evangelicalism in Puerto Rico is developments. The women have accepted far more hopeful because of the growing spirit of unity, readily than the men, because of the moral stand- the vigor of the churches and ministers, and the ards upheld by the evangelicals. The old double developing equipment to train capable leadership. standard obtains to a marked degree in Puerto The Church will rise as her leaders encourage and Rico. Whereas these standards keep many work- lead her upward. ing men out of the Church, when their wives and daughters enter, the social customs keep the women and girls of the higher class out of the Church, whereas the men of the same group accept more readily. A mother urged a pastor to

Dynamic of Home Missions*

..:( By the REV. JOHN McDOWELL, D. D., New York J!: ..

President of the Home Missions Council and Secretary of the Board of National Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U.S.A.

I F WE define opportunity in terms of needs we have turned aside from the paths of joy, for and problems, the Christian Church in Amer- everywhere discontented, weary faces tell the tale. ica never had such an opportunity as it has Selfishness has born its unfailing harvest of grief today. Never were the needs of the home mission and wrong and injustice. One phase of evil suc- fields so great and the problems of administration ceeds another, or an outer evil changes to an so vital to the nation, to the inner, until it seems an endless, world, and to the Kingdom of hopeless task to reform our- God, as in this critical hour. This is an age when men selves or our nation or our w 0 r s hip power-political, The Master is saying again to world. His representatives: "Say not financial, mechanical, elec- This is a conclusion to which ye four months, and then trical power. They are tired cometh harvest." This is the of theories or methods that we are being gradually, slowly, word of agriculture, of indus- do not produce results. The unwillingly driven. If ever the try, of commerce, of govern- missionary cause is sometimes universe conspired to press any ment today, but it is not the criticised today for lack of truth upon the mind of man, it power to change conditions- is conspiring at this moment word of religion if by religion whatever may h a v e been to convince him that he is not we mean Christianity and by achieved in the past. sufficient unto himself, that he Christianity we mean Christ. Dr. McDowell, the Presi- was not meant to live and work dent of the Home Missions This is His word to us today: Council, delivered, at the re- apart from God; that human "Behold, I say unto you, lift up cent conference in Toronto, nature is so constituted as to be your eyes and look on the fields, an address that struck fire. dependent upon the transcendfor they are white already unto It gave the secret of power- ent God. harvest." the "Dynamic of Home Mis- It is well that these facts are The present is not only an sions"-and it is the same slowly finding their way into hour to look out, it is an hour the con sci 0 usn e s s of the that transforms churches and to look up; not only an hour to individuals. It is worth read- Church, the nation and the look up, but an hour to look ing. world. Practically, if not theo- within, within ourselves, our retically, we have repudiated churches and our Home Mis- our dependence upon God. As a sion organization, to discover not only our needs, result, our spiritual disaster has already come. We but our supreme need-the one thing without have banished joy, peace and order from our midst.

which we cannot fulfil our mission or realize our Despite increasing knowledge and more perfect purpose, namely, an adequate dynamic for our machinery, greater skill and larger expenditure work. in religious ministry, more thought and culture If ever Christianity in terms of home missions in the Church, nothing avails to put inward life had its chance, it is now. The present national and movement into the Christianity of today.

and international conditions are demonstrating Everywhere there is tentativeness and hesitation, conclusively that human resources at their best a want of initiative, of heartiness, and adventure.

are unequal to the demands of this tragiG and be- Pathetic withdrawals, retrenchments, and timid wildering hour. We see more clearly than ever compromises mark the track of missionary effort that with all our getting and planning, our doing and Christian service. The strong, positive, sus- and striving, we are never really happy, even in taining, inspiring, sacrificial, courageous note is the palmy days of prosperity. It is evident that lacking. The· power to produce a s·pontaneous and effective spiritual impulse does not seem to be at ;2~~~~~eg.a:!J~~Ja!~~:14~e~~rl. of the Home Missions Council available in this very challenging and critical time.

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Let us hope and pray that by our woes and Acts," that certain things did not make the Aposdisillusionments we are being made ready to re- tolic Church. turn to God; that we are beginning to desire that He should come and take the reins out of our Numbers did not make it; its membership was weak hands; that the time will come, and come never large. soon, when "the government shall be upon His shoulders." Society, pierced with a thousand Organization did not make it; it had little or wrongs, sees in this its cure. no organization.

At this great crisis in the moral and spiritual Equipment did not make it; the Apostolic history of our race, let us make no mistakes as to Church was not noted for its buildings and facilwhat we need. It certainly is not more science, ities. more knowledge, more machinery, more money, but a new spiritual power that this torn world of Wealth did not make it; its membership was ours-weary with efforts and struggles, with from the poor. methods and mechanics, with figures and facts, with pronouncements and programs-insistently Prestige did not make it; in all probability one and persistently demands. All religious organi- would have had great difficulty in locating the zations must face the fact that there is nothing Apostolic Church in anyone of the cities or this distracted and distressed world needs more, centers at that time. and would more heartily welcome today, than an influx of spiritual power. The supreme need of What, then, did make the Apostolic Church? the hour is spiritual power. Other needs, great as they are, sink into insignificance beside this 3. The Apostolic Church was made by the Aposurgent, vital and imperative need. tolic ministry.

In the consciousness of the unparalleled oppor- It is obvious from the record that the Apostles tunity offered to the home missionary enterprise were men captured by the reality of Christ's today, and the need of an adequate dynamic to claims, the beauty of His life, the adequacy of His meet this unparalleled opportunity, I soaked my- teaching, the value of His death, the power of His self last summer in the Book of "The Acts," the resurrection, and the supremacy of His Spirit. "Life of Dwight L. Moody," and the last Annual It is utterly impossible to explain the power and Report of the Home Missions Council. I wanted progress of the Apostolic Church apart from the to discover, first, the supreme need of the home Apostolic ministry. Here, again, the book of "The mission enterprise, and, second, an adequate Acts" makes it clear that certain things did not dynamic to meet this need. Out of this experience make the Apostolic ministry. the following convictions registered themselves relative to the dynamic of all missionary service. Learning did not make it; outside of the Apostle Paul, none of the Apostles were learned men. What Made the Apostolic Age Unique Official position did not make it; none of them held official positions in either the Church or State.

Money did not make it; they had no budget; they were numbered among the poor.

Influence did not make it; Peter and John did not have enough influence to keep out of prison.

What, then, did make the Apostolic ministry?

1. The Apostolic Age is the greatest age in the 4. The Apostolic ministry was made by cooperhistory of the Christian Church. ation with the Holy Spirit in making Jesus Christ a living reality to all men. Measured by whatsoever standards you please, the Apostolic Age stands unique in its task, its The Holy Spirit to the Apostolic ministry was difficulties, its achievements, and its influence. It more than a religious phrase or a theological term. was this age that gave us the Christian Church, When God promised the Holy Spirit to man, it the New Testament, the Christian Lord's Day, was the deepest, holiest reality of His being that and made Christendom possible. Apart from the He meant-not only His thought, His words, His Apostolic Age it is impossible to understand benefits, but the very ground of them. What He Christian civilization. What made the Apostolic has given to humanity in the Holy Spirit is His Age? heart and life and power. _ 2. The Apo,stolic Age was made by the Apos- Cooperation with the Holy Spirit made Christ tolic Church. a definite, personal experience in the life and work According to the Book of "The Acts," the Apos- of the Apostolic ministry. It made fellowship tolic Church was a converting, transforming, in- with Christ a transforming power. It also made spiring, conquering Church. It changed not only the Gospel of Christ "the power of God unto sal- individuals, but communities and ultimately na- vation to everyone who believeth"; it made the tions. It is clear, also from the book of "The . Great Commission of Christ an inescapable obli-

THE DYNAMIC OF HOME MISSIONS

gation, and self-sacrifice for Christ a privilege and and cultured; the moral life and intellectual a joy. Apart from cooperation with the Holy capacity of her membership are keyed to a higher Spirit, it is impossible to explain or understand pitch than ever before; her preaching is the best the life, work and power of the Apostolic ministry. the world has ever heard from an intellectual standpoint; her services are beautiful and at- Power for the Present Day tractive; her organization is well nigh perfect; 5. The only adequate dynamic for home mis- her equipment surpasses that of any other age; sions in our day is a spiritual dynamic that will but what of results? Are they not pitifully make Jesus Christ a living reality in the life of all meagre by comparison with the outlay? Are not men, regardless of creed, color or condition. many of our churches living on from year to year without any additions on confession of faith in Experience has shown conclusively that the Christ, and without any perceptible influence on scientific mind, the philosophic mind, the economic the communities in which they are located? mind, and the social mind, without the glow of spiritual truth and spiritual power, cannot save In lands like ours we rightly expect the Chrisman or regenerate the nation. Our age has more tian Church to be the all-potent influence concomforts, but it lacks satisfaction; it has more trolling in every department of life, shaping ease, but it lacks peace; it has more science, but ~olitics, guiding industry, molding society, swayit secretly hungers for Christ. mg commerce, commanding the loyal services of all intelligent persons and banishing all unchris- Organized Christianity has been shaken to its tian forces. But it is not so. Why? Because, foundations. The ordinary course of practical w~th all her equipment of wealth and machinery, experimental religion has been arrested and has wIth all her purity and culture, with all her separated into innumerable shallow streams that prestige and persistence, there is not sufficient meander aimlessly and feebly over wide tracks of spiritual power in the Church to make this efhuman life, but without power to fertilize and fective. Of what avail is the most perfect organirenew them. zation, the most complete equipment, the most ac- Experience has shown that it is not enough to curate knowledge, the most attractive service if there be no dynamic within to make them efbe occupied with the machinery of the home missionary enterprise, with the multiplication and improvement of home missionary organizations fectual? and institutions. These are not primarily the "In this world of shallow believers and weary means by which the new heart and a new state of workers," says Phillips Brooks, "how we need the society will come into being. They are rather the Holy Spirit. We may go on our way, ignoring instruments that will be used when it has come- all the time the very forces we need to help us the home in which it will dwell, the temple in do our work. These forces still may help us. which it will worship, the body in which it will The Holy Spirit may help us, will surely help us serve. Such agencies have a great function, but· as far as He can, even if we do not know His that function is not the creation of life itself. If name or ever call upon Him. But there is so much we ask them to create the living impulse, we are more He might do for us if we would only open imposing upon them a task of which they are in- our hearts and ask Him to come into them." capable. We shall be disappointed-finding again, We need, as representatives of the home missionas we have found in the past and are finding now, ary enterprise, to hold our faith in the Holy Spirit as the dynamic of our work, not as a form of that with every outward appliance and equipment in missionary service there is but little stir or words bu t as aeflfiovritnsgapnodwmera,kiinnsgpiursinignsoturrumlievnets~ movement; that while perfect organizations vitalizing our abound, the life that should fill and use them lags in the hands of God for the conversion and saving of souls. far behind.

We are more and more convinced that we can- What Is Required of Us not go on living as we have done in the past. If the future of North America is to be Christian, It is evident that the primary problem confront- we must recover the spiritual impulse that has ing home missions today is in the realm of been lost. Nay, it is not enough to recover it, we dynamics, rather than in the realm of mechanics.

must have a far mightier spiritual power in this The need of the hour is not more knowledge, but day of complex needs, multiplied problems, and more action; not more campaigns, but more con- challenging conditions than we have ever had in secration; not more statistics, but more spiritual- the past. ity; not more councils, but more cooperation with We have everything else. Never was the the Holy Spirit. What, then, does cooperation church so well equipped as today. She is wealthy with the Holy Spirit demand of us today in home

missions? Let us make it clear that it demands the thought of our lands, to proclaim that there at least the following things: is not a thought in philosophy, not an ideal in 1. Consecrated pers.onality. History shows ethics, not a principle in sociology, not a program that God has always worked through persons, per- in practical reform worth considering that is not sons who are possessed by His purpose, fired with implicit and explicit in Christianity. The most His principles, and filled with His spirit. Con- urgent appeal of our day to representatives of secrated personality in home missions is the only Christ is to bring every thought-social, political, thing that makes the goodness of God visible, the economic, intellectual, national and international forgiveness of God genuine, the sympathy of God -into captivity to Jesus Christ. A program of natural, and the love of God irresistible. The exclusively external betterment is often declared Spirit of God today is seeking for men and women to be synonymous with or a sufficient substitute in whom Christianity is more than a set of correct for essential Christianity. Such a claim is a conviews, more than a system of philosophy, to whom tradiction to the truth that "man shall not live by it is a way of life, of discipline, of service, and bread alone."

an utter self-committal to a career of unceasing If home missions is to bring every thought into service and unlimited sacrifice. Every problem captivity to Jesus Christ, home mission repre- confronting the nation today is waiting, in the sentatives must know the mind of Christ regard- last analysis, for consecrated personality. This ing the social problems of our day, such as the call has been nowhere more pointedly stated than problems of wealth, poverty, industry, unemploy- in the following excerpt from a letter recently ment, and insecurity of economic position in in- addressed to the members of the Clergy Club of dustry. These problems combine to create a New York by the Rev. Charles H. Parkhurst on strong demand for a social as well as an individual the occasion of the unveiling of his picture by the expression of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, and this club: demand creates an obligation from which no in- I feel that this is an unusual occasion. I understand dividual or institution bearing the name of Jesus that you plan, first, to unveil me, and then to hang me. Christ can consistently escape. The hour is lt hardly seems right for me not to be around at such an calling, and calling loudly, for Christians who are intimate ceremony. The least I can do is to appear by not afraid to reason or ashamed to believe. The proxy, so I send you this affectionate greeting. ultimate foundation of every nation is a way of thinking. As a nation thinketh in its heart, so Seriously, there are not enough unveilings or enough hangings in New York City. The whole world knows that our politicians have degraded the word "corruption," but is it. we need chapter, verse and telephone numbers to prove it. There are charges aplenty, but not enough of the kind The home missionary enterprise cannot estab- that go in cannon. Our moral powder only makes a pretty lish the Kingdom of God in North America on bon-fire, unless we ram it down a pointed nozzle before hearsay, or convert the world by those who can igniting it. When shall our corrupt city put on incorrup- only tell what other people are thinking. It detion? When all of you, my dear friends, decide with your mands apostles, not reporters; men of convictions, whole soul that it shall do so. 'not echoes; original witnesses, not men who can sift and state the judgment of others; heroes by The personal touch is at the beginning of every the compulsions of the soul, not straws floating on new departure in individual and national life. the stream of current opinion. The home mis- Consecrated personality is the crowning wonder sionary enterprise can do nothing with mere of this wonderful universe. Men make history; traditionalists. It demands men who do their own men make home missions. It is personal char- thinking, toil through to their own conclusions, acter that counts. Nothing is so potent as soul and go to their work with the impact of a perforce in the establishment of the Kingdom of God. sonal conviction and the conquering energy of a The new man and the new nation are bought with personal character. A man's religion is not worth price-aye, with the price of consecrated person- much until it is more than an echo. It may begin ality. There is no substitute for consecrated with that. It often does so begin, but it must personality in home mission service and civic not stop there. It must not simply be held by service.

2. Creative thinking. Let it not be forgotten him; it must hold him, master him, sway him in that the home mission enterprise is primarily one all that he is and does in the city and in the state, of missionary thought. It is a philosophy before in the home and in the Church. Religion in the it is an activity. We cannot expect to have our home missionary enterprise is not a set of opin- nations based on Christian principles so long as ions, it is a life; not the recitation of a creed, but our social philosophy is made by anti-Christian the repeating of the work of Jesus; not the func- philosophers and materialistic socialists. The tion of a fingerpost, but a person becoming for times are appealing to home missions to capture others the "way" and "truth" and "life". We

must capture the thought of North America if menta The home mISSIOn enterprise, therefore, North America is to be genuinely christianized. should be satisfied with nothing less than a saved 3. Commanding obiectives. Reconciliation of soul in a saved body, living in a saved community. the individual soul with God through the work and Only as we make the nations of North America influence of the Holy Spirit is the foundation upon spiritually strong can they serve the world. which any effective christianization of the nation or the world must be built. Home missionary 4. Cooperative spirit. It has become obvious work is always the immediate duty of the Chris- that there must be something more than cultivated tian Church. The evil that lies at the heart of and saintly individuals in the home mission enterthe nation and the world is a moral evil, and it prise, valuable as they are, if the work of chriswill only be driven out by a moral conqueror. The tianizing the nations of North America is to be Gospel of Christ meets this evil with the prayer: successfully carried forward. Men must join "Create in me, 0 God, a clean heart, and renew a hands to inspire one another, and also to create right spirit within me." This does not imply that the volume of power needed to sweep obstacles Christianity is indifferent to right conditions, but from the path of progress and to conquer the that we have learned from experience that right enemies of truth and right. The emancipation of conditions are impossible without the clean heart the individual is a great gain, but the best part of and the right spirit. Regeneration, therefore, of his emancipation comes when he begins to work the individual is the basis of all moral. progress in common with and for others. Cooperation represents not simply addition, but multiplication.

and enlightenment, the necessary first step toward Team work always tells, a:nd especially in misevery good, whether personal or public, social or sionary work. Marching together, the distance is shorter; singing together, the cheer is louder; political, commercial or religious. standing together, the temptations are more The Christian Church has no right to abate one easily resisted; lifting together, the burden is jot of zeal or faith or effort in home missionary gladly borne; praying together, the victory is work so long as there remains in all the land one surely won. Cooperation both· multiplies and unchristian community, in the community one un- hallows the energies of men and organizations. christian household, in the household one unsaved soul; The hour has come in Protestant Christianity when we must heal our divisions, combine our re- The Good News for Society sources, and unite our forces if the Protestant Church is to bring the Kingdom of God into the The Christianity of the New Testament aims at life of North America. Competition may be the not only a perfect man, but a perfect society-the life of trade, but it is the death of morals and the Kingdom of God. While the Gospel of Christ ad- disgrace of religion. We must have a coopera- dresses itself to the conscience and affection of tion today not only in terms of spirit, but in terms the individual, it must not be forgotten that it of actual operation which will eliminate over- addresses him as a member of a social organism. lapping and overlooking, not only in mission fields, "God and one man," says Dr. Charles H. Park- but in all fields of work. The needs and claims hurst, "could make any other religion, but it re- of North America should lead the denominations quires God and two men to make Christianity." now to submerge all ecclesiastical animosities, and The entrance of the second man into Christianity non-essential demands. The time and strength makes necessary the social Gospel, and this fact spent in controversies are needed today for ag- was undoubtedly in the mind of Jesus Christ gressive and constructive work in the interest of throughout all His life and ministry. In the sum- the Kingdom. The time has come when we must mary of the law, Jesus combined the personal and end the waste of spiritual energy and consecrated social objectives of His Gospel. "Love the Lord, money.

thy God, and love thy neighbor." Obedience to Cooperation in missionary work multiplies the the first command saves the individual, and noth- power of each in the service of all, and therefore ing else can save him; obedience to the second should be welcomed by all churches bearing the saves society, and nothing else can save society. name of Jesus Christ. Bigotry, dogmatism and Such facts as these make it evident that Christ sectarianism cannot feed the soul of the nation.

intended His Gospel to be not only a way of life Nothing but conference, cooperation and combina- for the sinner, but a law of life for society. The tion will meet the needs of the nations now.

ministry of home missions must be to the whole Whatever may be our views about organic man, body, mind and soul; it must look to the unity, there certainly should be no difference betterment of his environment and make secure among those who believe in Christ about the need his opportunities for self realization and improve- and the wisdom of cooperation in every effort to

make men like Christ, earth like Heaven, and the fear of pressing the Gospel of Christ upon the kingdoms of this world the Kingdom of Christ. people, fear that has sealed our lips when every- thing around us is whispering of God, of the The gigantic iniquities of modern society are Cross, of redemption through sacrifice; when thoroughly organized and directed by able leaders. human hearts are softened and ears bent to listen To accomplish its purpose, the home missions and only our enlightening and confirming word enterprise, therefore, must excel all other organi- is needed to interpret and apply the great truths zations in the value of its objectives and the of Christianity to the souls of men and the life of wisdom and power of its representatives. No nations. Christian body should stand apart from any other followers of Christ today on account of differences Let us see to it that the hesitancy and halfof belief respecting non-essentials. No mere heartedness of our religious appeal is succeeded speculative dogma should separate our Christian now by a strong and positive call on all men to denominations from one another in the battle for seek God. Let us go forth throughout the land on righteousness. It is more necessary to help the an embassy of peace, saying to all sorts and consoul that sins and suffers than to assert our ditions of men: "Be ye reconciled to God" for peculiar notions about metaphysical subjects. "now is the accepted time," "now is the day of The various religious bodies in our nations ought salvation." We need not fear rebuff or indifferto appreciate one another more than at present, ence as the right spiritual note is struck in this and cooperate toward commol'l ends more than hour-that note which is in harmony with the they do. God's army today is marching in too elemental spiritual need of man and of society. many disconnected divisions and under too many There will be a ready response, men will flock petty flags. Denominations need not disband, but into the Kingdom, and a religious revival will they must work together if the Spirit of God is to break out that will go through the length and have an instrument through which North Amer- breadth of the land. The most urgent need of our ica is to be saved. Love for the Incarnate Christ day is not for service but for spirituality. A soul ought to be a sufficient passport for every soldier filled with the spirit of God will certainly bow of Christ. That, alone, ought to make him wel- down and lift the lowly. But a generation that come in every camp and at every altar. discounts the spirit of God and ceases to love Jesus Christ will not long serve humanity. What The Need of the Present Situation makes Christianity a triumphant religion is not the law of love, but its love of Christ. The heart This present situation constitutes a great of Christianity-what gives it creative power, trumpet call that is bidding all who care about the what sends out missionaries, what saves sinners, issues of the present world-wide crisis to rally to what builds churches, what produces character, the standard of Christ; bidding them renew their and enriches civilization-is not so much a prehope, enthusiasm and power at the one great cept as a personality, and that the personality of source, and then go forth and throw themselves Jesus Christ. The supreme thing in Christianity heart and soul into the spiritual service of their is not Christ's teachings, however superior, but country; recognizing that it is a national service the spirit of His life; not interest in an ethical of the highest order and calls for self-sacrifice and code, but loving, sacrificial discipleship; not a devotion that is on a par with the greatest demand system of doctrine about Christ, but a profound that any other branch of the Kingdom service can devotion to Him as the giver of eternal life. the make on men. only Saviour of the world.

It is the news of a transcendent God that our The home mission enterprise, in the last analyage supremely needs, the Gospel of a God who can sis, must depend not upon its pretentions, but and does break through into human affairs in a upon its performances; not upon its attitude, but supernatural way, bringing order, peace, power upon its activities; not upon its sacramental and abiding gladness into human life. This is holiness, but upon its spiritual helpfulness. Its preeminently a time for taking bold, strong, appeal will be effective in proportion to its ravigorous steps, for initiating positive action in the tionality, humanity and spirituality, and its augreat work of publishing the Christian evangel, thority will be recognized in proportion to its for seeing how to surround it with every circum- vision, inspiration, conviction, power and love. If stance of c(2)mpelling, constraining, and convicting we capture the present for Christ, the future of power. It is high time to overcome the nervous North America will be safe.

Progress In Home Missions?

..:( By REV. WILLIAM R. KING, D. D., New York ):..

Extracts from the Annual Report of the Executive Secretary of the Home Missions Council T HE North American Home Missions Con- Conferences should be followed up. The first Con- gress, which met at the close of 1930, was tinuation Conference scheduled for 1932 was most significant. Its power and influence held in Indianapolis, Ind., in connectiem with the is being proved and its findings are accepted as Ministers' Convocation and five other conferenees the best word on home missions. were set up for February in strategic centers in The follow-up of that Congress is most gratify- Ohio. It is our hope to hold twenty or thirty of ing. The Missionary Education Movement is them throughout the United States.

majoring this year on "The Challenge of Change," Several cooperative projects are under way, in- by Dr. John M. Moore, written cluding the Cooperative and Re- with the deliberate purpose of ligious Center at Boulder City, promoting the findings and Has the day for home mis. the new town which is to be the message of the Congress. It is sions passed? .What is being home of the people employed on being studied in thousands of done for the twenty million that great Hoover Dam in churches throughout the coun- foreign born in the United Southern California. Repre- try. In a Teachers' Manual on States? Are we overlooking sentatives of six denominations the Data Books and Findings or conducting rival missions met and set up a tentative or- Books of the Congress, Dr. for the Indians, the Negroes, ganization of the Hoover Dam Casselman of the Reformed the Spanish-speaking people, Interdenominational Religious Church in the U. S. Board has lEtuhumerobMpeeromarmnesno,,ntsth,heethmOeirgmireainnnteatrlwss oaarnnkdd- Council to present a program of made an exhaustive study of worship, religious education and this material and has arranged ers and dwellers in mountains social service. Later the South· it in shape for use in mission and in city slums? Dr. King ern California Superintendents'

study classes. tells the story of progress Council enthusiastically ap- A series of conferences and made by the united effort of proved the movement and other public meetings, looking to the mission boards cooperating in denominations expressed the enlistment of all the denomina- the Home Missions Council. desire to cooperate. As a re- tional groups in a great Home suIt of several conferences with Mission advance, is a joint government officials about this effort of the Home Missions Council, and the project, and visits to Hoover Dam, Las Vegas and Council of Women for Home Missions and the Los Angeles, the Cooperative Religious and Social Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in Center of Boulder City has been established and America to carry down to the local churches the is now well under way with the following denomi- message of the Congress, and the results of the nations cooperating: Presbyterian U. S. A., Meth- studies of the Five Year Program of Survey and odist Episcopal, Congregational, Baptist, Disciples, Adjustment. The first of this series was held in United Brethren, United Presbyterian. The Rev.

Cincinnati in November and was followed by the Thomas E. Stevenson, pastor of the Presbyterian Pacific Coast series in December to include Seat- Church of Burbank, California, has been elected tIe, Portland, San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley, pastor and director and began his work October 1, Sacramento, Los Angeles and Denver. In the 1931. Meetings are being held at present in the nine conferences held during November and De- mess hall of the six companies and the Sunday cember there was a total attendance of approxi- School of 127 is meeting in two bungalows. A mately 3,000. We heard in every place such re- movement is under way to secure a building for marks as "this is the best conference we have the religious program and for a parsonage for the had for years," and "you are bringing us fresh director, "Parson Tom," as he is called. There are and interesting information and making us see 300 children of school age in the town. Mr. Ste- home missions in a new light." The unanimous venson has attempted a difficult task but great judgment of the team is that these Continuation service can be rendered. The attendance at his [155]

first evening service was about 100 and at the a liaison committee between the Councils and the second evening service was 127. If some churches Indian Department of the Government. could donate hymn or travel slides for the stereopticon, this would help in his work. A joint committee representing the Interna- tional Missionary Council, the Federal Council, An Every Community Survey of Maine was the Home Missions Council, the Council of Women made under the auspices of the Interdenomina- for Home Missions and the Missionary Education tional Commission of Maine and the Home Mis- Movement has been formed "to make a careful sions Council, and was considered by various con- and comprehensive study of the Jewish situation ferences. The Interdenominational Commission in America in its relation to the Christian has proposed a Five Year Program of Inter- Church." The chairman is Dr. John S. Conning. denominational Christian Service "directed par- Other committees rendering valuable service to ticularly toward the areas unreached by any of the cause of Home Missions, under the auspices the Protestant mission agencies and designed of the Council, relate to the city and New Amerito do that most needed work which our present cans, General Promotion, Alaska, Spanish-speakmissionary agencies cannot do both because their ing Work, and Negro Work. resources are insufficient and because the work must be done interdenominationally." An at- Under the auspices of the Committee on Comity tempt is being made to raise from individuals ap- and Five Year Program of 'Survey and Adjustproximately $45,000 a year in addition to $50,000 ment, surveys have been made in about a score a year expended by denominational boards, to be of states. In some cases the entire state has been distributed among sixteen counties in Maine. surveyed, in some of the larger states only cross- This would be an outstanding demonstration on a sections. 'Surveys are now under way in six states state-wide basis of cooperative home missions in and conferences are held following the completion rural communities. of each state. This Five Year Program is vitally connected with all the work of the Council and Cooperative work has been promoted also in is closely related to the work of all other comother centers. In a remote valley of the 'Southern mittees. Meuntains, bordering northeast Georgia and the Carolinas, there is a large farm school which is One of the most active and efficient committees closely tied up with three small churches. The is that on "Town and Country," made up of repsuperintendent of this school asked for assistance resentatives of constituent boards. One of the oldin bringing about cooperation in this community. est and the most important activity is the Summer As a result it would seem as if the three churches Schools for rural pastors and last year the Comwill be placed on a cooperative community basis. mittee sponsored nine full standard schools and two partial standard schools, besides seven full The second annual conference of the Ozark In- standard schools of practical methods for Negro terdenominational Committee, held at Hollister, pastors. At least two new schools will be added Mo., last July, dealt with the situation in the to the list in 1932-Corvallis, Oregon, and Davis, Ozarks and the possibility of a cooperative pro- California. This Committee also promotes Rural gram for the region. It was later suggested that Life Sunday, the fifth Sunday after Easter, which there should be community visitation by field has been observed for the past three years. Some supervisors and county seat rallies in the interest governors of states have issued proclamations of a better rural religious life. calling upon people to observe Rural Life Sunday and 10,000 leaflets on the subject were distributed The Home Missions Council has taken over the last year. work of the Department of Building Fund Campaigns of the Board of National Missions, Pres- The Federal Council in appointing members byterian Church, U. S. A., to form an Inter- to the Town and County Committee has recogdenominational Church Building Campaigns nized this as its channel of operation in this field Bureau. This did not involve any increase in and has added to the efficiency of the Committee. budget or office space since the Bureau retained its office in Philadelphia for the present. The past year has been a trying one for Home Mission Boards. The depression is telling upon The Joint Committee on Indian Work, under budgets and programs. Most of the boards, if the leadership of Miss Helen Brickman, has not all, have had to reduce expenditures, eliminate worked out a curriculum of religious education work and workers, and cut down appropriations for our Religious Work Directors in the Govern- all along the line. New advances have been imment Indian Schools, and has rendered valuable possible, yet the needs were never greater and service in administrative work. Another outstand- the opportunities never more inviting. These are ing accomplishment of the Committee has been days that are surely trying the souls of board adthe setting up of a service committee to serve as ministrators as well as the endurance of faithful

WHAT PROGRESS IN HOME MISSIONS?

missionaries in all parts of North America. May them on appeal after local efforts for adjustment it not be that our extremity will be God's opportunity. We believe that in some way the home have failed, we recommend: mission cause wj]] come out of this trying experience triumphantly. We may have to make re- First, that the Joint Committee on Comity and adjustments and work out economies and "endure burdens as good soldiers" but out of it all will the Five Year Program be constituted a Sub-Comcome greater and better home missions. mittee on Comity, to which shall be referred all Would it not be wise to begin now to plan definitely for another national congress to be held cases of comity presented to the Councils. at the close of our Five Year Program in January, 1934, to review the results of this five year study Seoond, that this Sub-Committee arrange for and to consider advance steps? By that time, it is hoped, we will be emerging from the depres- three stated meetings a year, other meetings to be sion and will have learned "through the things we have suffered," as well as through the surveys held as needed. and studies, what changes, if any, should be made and what advance steps should be taken. Third, that this Sub-Committee prepare and PROPOSALS FOR THE COMING YEAR distribute a form indicating the information Extracts from the Report of the Findings which should be furnished it concerning any case Committ6e at the Toronto Conference brought before it for consideration. . A Christian world depends mightily upon a Christian America. America lives not to itself, Fourth, that this Sub-Committee, in passing but for China, Japan, Africa, India and the uttermost parts of the earth. If Christendom has be- upon cases, take into account not only such gentrayed Christianity, then it becomes imperative to christianize Christendom. That is our united eral principles as have been adopted by these task. For their sakes we must sanctify ourselves. Councils, but such principles as may have been Sitting, as in a reviewing stand, as the forces for christianizing America pass before us and adopted by the state or city organizations within make their reports, what have we discovered? whose jurisdiction the particular cases originated. The Committee on Comity and the Five Year Program brings before us the following recom- It is understood that the decision rendered in any mendations: case is to be advisory only. 1. In view of the response to the Continuation Conferences, this plan with some modifications The Councils urge that City, State and Regional should be developed widely during the coming year and if possible, such conferences should be Councils, through Comity Committees of their held in practically all of the major cities of the country. own creation, be prepared to deal with comity 2. The success of the Interdenominational cases arising within their respective bounds and Conference held now for two years in the Ozarks leads us to believe that in other states in the more only bring to these national Councils those cases distinctively mission areas there should be interdenominational gatherings of from two to four which fail of local adjustment. days duration for the consideration of the common problems of missionary work. In most cases Strictly speaking, the Five Year Program was these conferences would not be held annually. initiated at the Comity Conference in January, 3. We recommend that constituent boards consider the advisability of bringing to the at- 1928, and will come to an end at the time of the tention of their highest judicatories the comity resolutions adopted during the past year by the next annual meeting in January, 1933. Although Presbyterian General Assembly and the Congregational-Christian National Council. In order that much has been accomplished, it is still in its these Councils may be prepared to deal with the increasing number of comity cases brought to formative stage. It might be well to extend this period to cover five years dating from the Home Missions Congress, that is, to the end of 1935.

Before the end of that period, say in January, 1934, we should hold a "check-up conference" to do specifically four things: a. To review the results of the Five Year Pro- gram to that date.

b. To use the Findings of the Home Missions Congress on the various fields of missionary effort as the basis of an intensive study of practical pro- grams for these various fields of work.

c. To consider the cooperative relationships of home missions with other agencies which have become so essentially a part of our modern pro- gram of church work, as the religious education and social welfare agencies.

d. To propose plans .for the future work of these Councils.

For many years our Town and Country Church Committee has been carrying on its researches and has given us a fund of invaluable informa- tion. We therefore would especially call attention of the several boards to the importance of a pro- gram of adjustment that will enable our rural

churches to cope with the rapid changes that are tion is developing qualities of leadership. Student upon them. It is a matter of supreme importance churches and student councils, expressing the rethat some way be found to provide the children ligious needs of the young people, are promoting and youth of our rural areas with a teaching Christian living. ministry. Toward this end we would suggest that cooperative parishes be established where the The coming year of Missionary study centers several denominations would share in such a around the work among the Indians and we urge ministry. This, together with the re-organization on our churches these studies in their future proof rural areas into stronger units of life, consti- grams. tute imperative demands upon the mission boards at this time. It is evident that the future of the Christian Church, not only in the pulpit but in the pew, rests There has been a growing consciousness of re- in the hands of the youth of today. We therefore sponsibility toward Spanish-speaking neighbors urge upon the Councils that our programs shall in the West Indies. We therefore commend to the give full recognition to the importance and the boards at work in Cuba a fresh study of how to problems of the religious life and training of our cooperate more closely and especially in the organ- youth. We suggest that a session be set aside at ization there of a Union Theological Seminary the next Annual Meeting for the consideration of such as now exists in Puerto Rico. We commend our young people in relation to the Church and its to the boards a further study of their responsi- missionary work. bility in Santo Domingo and that those already working in Puerto Rico may well consider We cannot close without adding our influence whether their responsibilities do not also extend to those who are attempting to create a warless to Santo Domingo. world. We believe that war is wholly wrong; we believe that war and Christ travel opposite ways We commend the union which has been per- and stand at opposite poles in any possible moral fected between the Christian, the Congregational universe. The Christian Church must be the and United Brethren Missions into the United chief agency for abolishing war for to the Church Evangelical Church in Puerto Rico and urge other is committed the Gospel of love and brotherhood, denominations as speedily as possible to shape of peace on earth and goodwill. We call upon all their policies toward uniting in this movement. the churches to take an unequivocal and an un- apologetic opposition to the spirit of militarism We welcome the changes made in the national wherever it exists. government administration of Indian affairs which seeks the highest welfare of the Indian, We urge upon our governments the necessity thus enabling him to achieve an abundant and of immediate cooperation with and full memberwell balanced life in terms of his own racial re- ship in the World Court and the League of Nasources. We appreciate the cooperation of the tions and that every power be used to influence Indian administration in the task of religious edu- all the signatory nations to faithfully carry out cation in Government Indian schools. The in- their obligations in the Peace Pact. creased responsibility assumed by the Indian stu- The Christian Church must lead in the abolition dent for planning and carrying courses of instruc- of war or prove itself inadequate to the needs of the world today and tomorrow.

CHURCH BUILDINGS AND BENEVOLENCES Many churches in the United States have incurred very heavy indebtedness in their building enterprises and have thus hampered their philanthropic, evangelistic and missionary activities. In the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., out of a turnover of sixty-odd million dollars a year, about fourteen mil- lion have been reported under building enterprises. The denominational budget for missions and other benevolences calls for twelve million dollars, on which only about ten million are paid, and, in the depres- sion, less than nine million. In four years this church has spent over fifty-two million dollars for build- ing operations. This represents an annual load per Presbyterian of $25.35, while the annual load for benevolences has been less than five dollars.

In the Methodist Episcopal Church over fourteen million dollars was spent in 1929-1930 for build- ings and improvements and over seven million dollars paid on past indebtedness. This means that over twenty-one million dollars was involved in the improvement of the equipment of the churches for one year. This very heavy burden may account for the situation of diminished support which is baffling the World Service Commission.. The Methodists are apparently giving more than they gave under the Cen- tenary drive, but out of the eighty-five million dollars their reports seem to indicate that only ten million, as against twenty million in 1921, go to benevolences of all kinds. Presbyterians have held their benevo- lence contributions static at about ten millions.

Among the Amazon

A Review of "'The Challenge of Amazon's Indians" by Mrs. Arthur F. 'Tylee* ":JI 1 By the REV. THOMAS C. MOFFETT, New York 1 1=" Secretary of the Commission on the Indians of Latin America I T HE Indians of the Amazon Valley in North- okceceansisoen~sebuotf are often talkative and jolly. They have a ern Brazil are illiterate, untamed and isolated humor and enjoy a good joke even when it from civilization. Missionary work among them is a task of great difficulty because of the is on themselves. Although at times, some of them try distance from civilization and the character of the people. "The long journey to reach them is not one's patience as might a spoiled child, yet many of them dreaded as much as the isolation after the journey's end has been reached," writes Mrs. Tylee, are most lovable. who has recently returned to the United States after some thrilling and harrowing experiences. The pioneer expeditionary party which explored the territory, seeking a suitable location for the Seldom is the loneliness relieved by the visit from an mission station, consisted of Rev. Leonard L. Legters, Field Representative of the Pioneer Misexplorer and never, in some places, by a cOI?mercial .trav- sion Agency and of the Indian Mission of Amer- ica; Rev. Alex. R. Hay, Superintendent of the Ineller. But such isolation means more than Just lonehness. land South America Missionary Union, and Arthur F. Tylee. Their trials in penetrating the It means that the missionary has to trust God to bless interior country are suggested by this record.

and use the simple remedies he can carry for hi.mself a~d "After crossing the Sepotuba River the road lay through a strip of very dense jungle and bamftoaomiliy~ for no physician is within a thousand mIles. ThIS, boo thicket and came out at the foot of a bluff. a land of fevers and tropical diseases, to say It took three weeks to go the first thirty-two miles and the last half of this was taken with the cart nothing of the painful and often serious results from unloaded. Part of the time it was bad roads that hindered, again swollen streams, or a thick g~owth insect bites. of bamboo, and part of the time the oxen SImply refused to pull." It was in such isolation and among these wild Of another experience Mr. Tylee wrote: "The and savage Indians that Arthur F. Tylee and his past week has been a nightmare; the constant struggle, strain and despair over the perversity of two-year-old daughter, Miss Mildred P. Kratz, a the oxen having taxed our patience and sapped our strength. Twenty miles in one week! Workmissionary nurse, and three Brazilians were at- ing day and night in rain and heat, and this after the month of trial in the woods below the plateau." tacked and killed at the mission at J uruena, Brazil, In the loneliness of their first labors on the field on November 3, 1930. The crime was committed the two men hoped for the time when the small mission force would be increased. "For the first by a small group of illiterate, wild Indians of the time in several months Mr. Tylee received word from his fiance, whom he had left in Paraguay. Nhambiquara tribe in the state of Matto Grosso. Now he learned to his joy that she was in Co- rumba. They had been fellow-students at Moody This story of missionary adventure, of heroic dedi- Bible Institute, Chicago, and had gone together to South America. The lady remained in Paraguay cation to a task of unbelievable hardships and while her fiance went on to Brazil to explore the new field. It had now been almost two years since privation, endurance and sacrifice is told by Mrs. he had seen her and five months since he had been able to receive her letters." Tylee simply but graphically in a book which Mr. Arthur "Tylee was a graduate of Amherst . presents a succession of surprises, the greatest of College. After serving in Europe during the war he returned to enter Harvard Law School, but which was unsuspected hostility of these few Indians, led by their chief. ..

This primitive tribe of Indians is descnbed WIth admiration by Mrs. Tylee even after the savage onslaught of the massacre in which a few of their number participated.

The Nhambiquaras are of average height. They are very slender. They have the coarse, straight, black hair, dark brown eyes, and dark bronze skin char~cteristic of the Indian' but their features are not those whIch are considered tyPical of the North American Indian. Many of them have facial characteristics not unlike their white brothers while a few have slant eyes and flat noses like the peopie of Asia. They can be silent and taciturn upon • Published by The Inland South America Missionary Union. 113 Fulton Street, New York. Price 75 cents postpaid.

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A NHAMBIQUARA INDIAN FAMI.LY AT HOME the ingredients could be properly cleaned and not allowed to ferment in the tropical heat." during his studies there he grew dissatisfied with the prospect of giving his life to self-appointed The missionaries left their difficult field for a pursuits and the acquiring of fame or money. He brief furlough at the end of four years, and on felt the challenge to devote his energies to the their return met fresh assaults. Only prevailing biggest and noblest service of which he was prayer enabled them to reach their station. When capable,' and his love of the Bible led him to enter Mr. Tylee and Miss Kratz were both down with Moody Bible Institute of Chicago. While a stu- fever they had been allowed to occupy a room in dent there, Rev. Alex. R. Hay, Superintendent of one of the buildings belonging to the telegraph the Inland South America Missionary Union, vis- line. It was bare of furniture, except for their ited the Institute and told of the need for mes- packing boxes and trunks. Here Mrs. Tylee cared sengers of Christ in South America. This led to for them while the native helper cooked the beans Mr. .Tylee's decision for Indian service and the and rice in the shade of a tent. When they refollowing spring he went to Brazil. sumed their journey they were met by three friendly Nhambiquaras, who brought fruit, man- Mildred Kratz studied at Cae College, Iowa, and dioc and sweet potatoes. Finally they reached the later took her Bible courses at Moody Institute mission about ten o'clock at night, almost three and her nurse's training at Augustana Hospital, months after leaving New York. Chicago. "'She was strong and healthy, with a happy disposition and a buoyancy of spirit which "The first months in her new home following made her always a pleasant companion. She was our furlough were hard on baby Marian," writes not the shallow type of person, incapable of shar- Mrs. Tylee. ing the sufferings of another, but, on the contrary, was deeply sympathetic." She was not well and the insect pests made her very uncomfortable. Satan had found a new weapon with The romance and pathos of the intimate expe- which he tried to drive the missionaries from his terririences narrated by Mrs. Tylee with a rare tory. They had suffered much themselves and were ready literary gift are best portrayed in the diary from to suffer more if need be, but to see their precious baby which she freely quotes. An entry of July 12th girl tortured was the severest test their faith could know. reads: "Without all staple foods." From that date But in this as in all other tests that had come to them, until the latter part of October they were depend- He proved Himself as the One "Who giveth more grace." ent upon their own efforts and God's special pro- But if she was to suffer for some of the conditions that vision for their needs. No day passed without could not be changed nor avoided, life for her was not their being able to obtain food for at least one without its compensations. She loved the wild life that meal. Not once did the little group of new native she saw everywhere about her-woods, flowers, birds and Brazilian converts waver and there was no spirit animals of all kinds. She was not timid and fear was of fault-finding. The men spent much of their time hunting and fishing and thus brought in food ARTHUR F. TYLEE AND JOAQUIN ANTUNES. A which was shared with the whole community. BRAZILIAN CONVERT Later oxen arrived and, for a time, supplied meat if nothing more. Several times Indians came to the station bringing grated mandioc from which a sort of bread or flat cake could be made. This, as the narrative states, "was not unpalatable if

A NNF. f:::F.F.f:::HOT.T7. F.vP('ntivp f:::p('rph~Tv

STUDENTS AND MISSIONARY INTEREST

unknown to her. She went for long walks in the woods As for God His way is perfect. The work in Juruena is with Mr. McDowell and Candido, and always came back His work; the missionaries His workers; is not His the with her hands and pockets full of flowers and bright right to say whether they should continue at their post berries she found along the path. She was very fond or be called to higher service? May the grassy mounds of animals and many were the pets the Indians brought beneath the Ajusta Conta trees at Maloquinha be our her, besides the dogs and chickens with which she played solemn pledge to God that we shall carry on the work daily. they so courageously began, until the last tribe of Indians hidden in the depths of Amazon's forests has heard the The work went forward and progress seemed to good news of peace and eternal life. be made in winning the friendship of the Indians. The missionaries ministered to the sick and un- The tragic scene of the eventful morning when dertook to teach them of God, whom they knew six of the mission group lost their lives, and the not as He is revealed through His Son Jesus savage Indians as suddenly departed into the Christ. Then one day an Indian was brought into wastes and jungles, is briefly depicted in words the station seriously ill. In spite of all their care- which the reader can never forget. When the ful nursing he died. The Indians seemed to take story is perused in the quiet of one's own solitude, this matter very much to heart and some showed then heroism and the sacrifice of martyrs for the their belief that the missionaries were respon- faith is luminous and convincing. sible. Is it any wonder that this absorbing narrative Three months after the death of the Indian was no sooner issued from the press last October some members of his tribe from a distance came than a new edition was required'? Dr. Kenneth to the station and without warning fell upon the Mackenzie, President of the Missionary Union, little band. They murdered Mr. Tylee, Miss Kratz writes in the introduction: and the baby and three Brazilian Indian friends. After seriously beating Mrs. Tylee and leaving The martyrdom of these missionaries gave to them her for dead, they departed. Upon regaining con- marked distinction. They were ready for sacrifice, if only sciousness, Mrs. Tylee had to grope half blinded, life laid down might be translated into the salvation of dragging herself to the telegraph station to spread the lost whom they saw and yearned over. So, as we the word of the calamity. Here she lay for days, recall the many hours of prayer and striving which have hovering between life and death. Finally she was engaged our thoughts and purpose as we have pleaded able to make her way to the coast and sail for for the myriads of souls in darkened and long-neglected home. Her faith and courage never failed. South America, we cheer our hearts with the assurance that the future of the Inland South America Missionary The closing paragraph of her narrative reads: Union will justify their sacrifice and our profound hope that just where they so bravely fell, there shall spring a glorious harvest of redeemed men and women.

Students and Missionary Interest ..:( By the REV. WILLIAM M. MILLER J!: ..

Meshed, Persia T AST autumn I had the privilege of visiting most of the state schools I was not surprised to L nearly forty colleges of various types in dif- learn that there were almost no students prepar- ing for the Christian ministry or for missionary ferent p.arts of the United States in the in- work. But what profoundly troubled me was the terests of the Student Volunteer Movement. These discovery that in many of the church colleges also included large state universities and large de- there is no missionary spirit. In several flourish- ing denominational colleges I was not able to find nominational colleges, medical schools and theo- one student who expected to be a missionary in a logical seminaries. I spoke in classrooms, in foreign land. Several theological seminaries were chapel services, in college churches, to special almost as barren as the colleges. Some of these groups and with individuals. While my stay in educational institutions have had a great missionmost colleges was too brief to give me an oppor- ary past and have sent many of their sons and tunity to understand thoroughly the religious sit- daughters to the foreign field. uation among students, yet I was able to learn certain facts which I have been asked to share What has happened to cause the streams of miswith the readers of the REVIEW. sionary interest to dry up '?

The thing which impressed me most deeply was There are exceptions. I was occasionally rethe lack of missionary interest among students. In

freshed to find groups of devoted and eager young paucity of missionary candidates today is due in volunteers. In one college seventeen students are large measure to the failure of parents and pas- intending to become missionaries, and forty or tors of ten years ago to put this passion into the fifty others attended the Student Volunteer meet- hearts of their children.

ings. This is a college where chapel and church The third and most fundamental cause of all is attendance are required, and where every student the lack of vital Christianity in our colleges and is obliged to work a number of hours each week in our churches. Interest in world affairs is not to help pay for his education. If a healthy mis- enough. The appeal for world brotherhood or sionary spirit is possible in some schools to- world service will not prove a strong enough mo- day, why is it not possible in every Christian tive to send many students to the ends of the school? earth. There must be a sense of the constraining A few students appear to be hostile to the whole love of Christ, the passion to save the lost, and idea of foreign missions. They have been told that joyous obedience to the Great Commission.

all religions are equally good, and that Christians Too often we have depended on human devices, have no right to "force" others to accept their be- and cheap ones at that, to stir up missionary in- liefs, so they are opposed to missions. But there terest. We have trusted in pictures and plays and are few of this sort. The great majority of stu- popular appeals. Prayer and the spirit of sacri- dents are not opposed to foreign missions but they fice are needed to touch the heart and move the are absolutely unconcerned about the whole busi- will. An intimate knowledge of Christ and deep ness. They listened attentively to descriptions of devotion to Him is the motive which will lead social and economic and political conditions in young people to go to distant lands to tell men of Asia, but the thought of spending their lives there Christ. Therefore, if we wish to get more and as Christian missionaries seemed as remote and better missionaries, the only way is to pray and impossible to most of them as that of visiting the labor for a revival of faith and love in our home moon. churches. The decline in gifts to missions and in What are the causes of this decline in mission- the number of volunteers for missions is an indi- ary interest among students? Three things seem cation of a serious decline in the spiritual power to be in large measure responsible for the present of our American Christianity. When the fires of situation. real devotion to Christ begin to burn at whfte heat First, there is the failure of pastors and college again in our churches, missionaries with flaming preachers and professors to press upon the young hearts will go out in increasing numbers to other people who come under their influence the needs lands, kindling new fires everywhere they go.

of other lands and the obligation that rests on us In a recent letter to me Bishop Linton of Persia all to help meet those needs. One college pastor states his conviction that the ordinary type confessed that he never preached a missionary of missionary deputation work in England has sermon, except when the time came around for yielded very poor results of late because of the the missionary collection. A professor said that lack of spiritual foundation on which to build. He he did not feel he could ask his students to con- plans on his next furlough to stay in each place sider missionary work when his board was recall- he visits a week or ten days. The first three- ing missionaries from the field. Unless young fourths of the visit will be used to preach Christ people are challenged to overcome the difficulties, and to urge people to accept Him as their personal whatever they be, and press forward with the Saviour and Lord. Then in the ·closing days he message of Christ into every part of the world, will present to those who have been really con- very few will offer for foreign service. If the call verted the claims of missionary service.

for volunteers is sounded clearly and persistently Such a plan, followed in missionary promotion by men of conviction and passion, I believe there work, would bring us into touch with fewer might be a great response on the part of students churches and colleges, but we would touch them to the missionary appeal. more deeply and probably accomplish much more The second cause is the failure of parents to in the end.

dedicate their little children to the cause of Christ Students and young people today are more ready and to give them in childhood an interest in the to listen to a simple, sincere and courageous Gos- people of other lands. It is a well-known fact that pel message than they have been for years. Let most of those who go as missionar.ies first became us challenge them now to full obedience to Christ interested long before they went to college. Un- and to service in His Kingdom, not only at home, less students already have such an interest on but also abroad. We need to attempt greater which one can build, a missionary speaker will not things for God and expect greater things from be able to make much impression on them. The God.

to Face "With Human Wrecks*

..:{ By the Rev. WALTER AMOS MORGAN l!= ..

Pastor of the First Congregational Church, Chicago, Illinois T HE bum is a human problem. What shall I to preach to a drunken bum? Is my Gospel we do with him? To ignore him is im- for the welI-to-do and the social elite, matured possible. To kill him is illegal, even if through sixteen years of experience in pulpits there are times when it seems as though society where a bum is only a passing phenomenon, suffi- would be better off if he were out of the way. To cient for such a need? Is my modern interpreta- reform society so the bum will be impossible and tion of Christ gripping enough to reclaim a soul a fact of social history is a far-reaching necessity. that knows the fires of helI?"

To reform the individual as he presents himself When I arrived, the meeting was in full swing.

in his rags and full of bootleg McQueen, the superintendent liquor is a present obligation. of the mission, was behind the upon the Christian forces in so- If you were called upon to battered pulpit. "Sing to the ciety. Often this obligation speak before a crowd of home- Glory of Christ, men," he presents itself with all its less, hungry bums, what would calIed out, just as I entered.

tragic and pressing immediacy. you say? Such a question con- And how those men sang! I Not long ago I faced a mis- fronted Walter Morgan at the am minister of the church that sion room full of down-and- Chicago United Mission, which rejoices in having the largest outs and found that the experi- is maintained jointly by the choir in Chicago, and they sing ence was like unto a conversion Congregational Union and the the masterpieces of sacred to my own soul. Where Hal- Presbytery of Chicago. His music with beauty and ardor.

sted Street crosses Madison, on solution of this soul-searching But there was a difference.

the near west side of Chicago, problem reveals the real mes- These men sang the old hymns is the haunt of homeless men. sage of Christ. of the blood and the Lamb with Sprinkled among them are a fervor that was contagious.

many of the former crooks who Soon I was led to the plat- have lost their standing with the gangs or their form. McQueen greeted me briefly and with former initiative for singlehanded thuggery. warmth. His great palm grasped my hand and Some have been upon the line between life and 1 felt the thrill of strength and the warmth of a starvation ever since they can remember. Others devoted heart. "We shall be ready for you in have known better days and have sought this about an hour. Sit here," was all he said. He jungle of reeking woe to hide themselves and to had more urgent business than that of spending mingle with others of their kind. time with me. "Sing, men; sing When tke An Oasis in a Moral Desert trumpet of the Lord shall sound." They sang, and I heard the trumpet, sounding the call to The Christian missions in this area are oases something unsung in my own soul.

in a moral desert. Here consecrated men and McQueen kept the meeting in his own hands, women seek, with the aid of Christ, to perform never for a moment permitting the men to forget the ancient miracle in mending broken lives and that they were to receive a blessing in newness making the crooked straight. To preach in such of life. If they only were willing, Christ was a mission is an experience that sears into the able to save. The testimonies were voices out of very soul and probes the depths of life. the deeps. A few were formal, cold and pro- When the invitation came to me to preach upon fessional. But most of them were exclamations a certain evening in the Chicago United Mission, of joy out of former despair. Something had 1 accepted it with joy, mingled with the sense of happened to the men who testified, and they knew humiliation that 1 had not sought the opportunity it. "I thank God that Christ saved me and that long before. During the days preceding this he keeps me" was the oft-repeated refrain of their particular evening, 1 asked myself, "What have new song. I faced these men, sitting in an old • Condensed from The Congregatio'YWlist. chair, unobserved and forgotten by everybody.

[163]

In the first place, I was terrified. My heart- in other lives. Selfishness in the breast of the beat was greatly accelerated and my courage was well-to-do frequently drives the wanderer back as greatly diminished. The sermon I had pre- again to his old companions. Society has a price pared seemed to be so inadequate and out of touch to pay for its lack of regard for the undernour- with the occasion. I gave it up and tried to recall ished and the poorly born. I sensed my guilt of another. For a few minutes my mind was in a neglect. My voice had been silent and my brain wild and panicky confusion. Sermons I could had been idle concerning this tide of human woe.

recall by the score, but not one came back with Could its source be found and the evil thing the joy of exclamation, "I am just what you need; changed at the beginning? Surely Jesus had take me." Soon I gave up in despair and said something to say concerning this problem that so to myself, "When the time comes, do your best. tragically affected so many of His brothers.

Perhaps the Lord will take pity and help you As I looked again at my dethroned king, and out." saw deep beneath the scraggly beard and pene- trated below the surface of his soul, I thought I Fallen Brother Men beheld the lineaments of the Son of Man. Here Then my heart went out to those men with a was my sermon. I would speak to the Christ great compassion. One was a young chap, who within that man. If my message could carry to sang as though he had gone to prayer meeting as where He was buried deep I knew that he would a boy with his mother, even ,as I had gone with respond, and life, like the dawning of a clear mine. Another was an old man with a face like morning after a stormy night, would come to the the sphinx. A third reminded me of a ne'er-do- king dethroned with new hope.

well I had known in Vermont. I glued my eyes The Tests of an Adequate Message upon the face of one whose head was as massive and as well shaped as the head of the old professor But was my modern Gospel adequate to the who patiently tried to teach me Hebrew. This need? I long had thought in social ways and, man had fallen from great heights. He might preached in modern terms. My liberalism had have been a king who through folly had been com- been almost a passion. True, I had prayed that I pelled to abdicate his throne and whose posses- might be spared the barrenness of a purely intel- sions had been confiscated, until he was forced to lectual appeal. In my own soul there was the joy beg his bread in a far and alien land. My heart of a divine fellowship and the warmth of personal went out to him. He had been the joy of some experience. But I had not developed the technique fond mother's heart. Some father had held him of making my own experiences live in the souls of in his arms with pride. Was he sitting on the men who knew nothing of the modern world with sacred hill of memory as he sang and as he looked its modern science and its new psychology. The up at McQueen? In him I saw the epitome of terms they used in their testimonies were not part broken humanity as it passed to and fro before of my working vocabulary, and my new interpre- the street door. In him I saw myself, had cir- tation of their age-old and vital experience and cumstances but shaped themselves in other ways. need was meaningless to them. My expressions to For one moment, at least, I caught a vision of win men to the old joy of salvation were colorless what Christ meant when He told His disciples that and impotent for the needs of the twenty-five all men were earthly children of a common Father. minutes that soon were to be mine to do my ut- My third emotion was that of rebellion. Were most for these my broken brothers.

these men the result of our civilization? Had they I was brought back to present and pressing been cast up from the wreck in order that others realities by McQueen announcing a hymn and say- might sail safely on? Were they human material, ing, "After we sing this hymn Dr. Morgan of the wasted and cast aw,ay, in order that our boasted New First Church will preach to us. Pray for progress might progress still further upon its re- him, men." The introduction stabbed me into a lentless way? Who was I that I might enjoy a full realization of my own insignificance and the beautiful home in the suburbs, with dollars in the supreme greatness of the task before me. Again bank and a place in society, while these men were I sought out the face of my new-found brother.

homeless, dollarless and with no place to lay their His eyes seemed to search mine, and behind them heads except what charity provided? Surely some- I read a sad and tragic story and found a small thing was wrong. I saw it tragically portrayed in but growing hope. Just before I arose to speak I human life before me and my heart rebelled. prayed: "Oh, God, help me to bring Thy Son to Where were the men, or women, who were to birth in this my new-found brother."

blame for many of these wrecks? The seed of What had I to offer in that high moment?

wickedness in the human heart often germinates Surely not my theology. That were a thing dead

F ACE TO FACE WITH HUMAN WRECKS

and helpless. They cared nothing about the Syn- Christ, living and struggling to live more fully in optic problem or the symbolism of the Apocalypse. all human souls. I saw Him stand again by Galilee What they needed, like their fathers before them, where Andrew heard Him call, and I saw Him look back to the dawn of man's first mistake in life's at me through the eyes of the bums who filled moral way, was help for the journey. This was to that barren mission room. be found, first of all, in the old and ever new fact of love. And for that hour, at least, love them I My cup of joy overflowed when I saw the former did. The Christ in them called to the Christ in me king kneeling in submission to another will at the and the response was a compassion I never had rail before the battered pulpit, and McQueen had known before. The dethroned king became a wan- his arm around him, talking with him as one dering brother of a common household and the brother talketh with another about the things Elder Brother had sent me to bring him home that are of supreme importance. again. So I rode back to my home in the lovely suburb, Then came the joy of a great discovery. My with the rain falling in torrents and the lightning Gospel was a living thing, not only for the well flashing in the streets. In my own heart there fed, but for these men who seldom knew the joy also was a mightier storm. Can our Gospel create of a full meal. Beneath my faith there was a a society that does not attain success at such a radiant center of life. Its passion was the love for frightful cost? How can Christ be brought to birth in our modern world?

How Ginling College Was Saved By the Rev. Clifford M. Drury, Moscow, Idaho Looting and destruction was the fate of many foreign buildings in Nanking when the Southern army drove out the Northerners in 1927. Ginling, the Christian college, escaped as by a miracle, and the members of the faculty were spared the dreadful experiences which fell to the lot of many of their fellow missionaries. The reason for this immunity may be traced to the good influence of a Bible class.

Thirteen years before, in 1914, Ray C. Roberts, a Y. M. C. A. secretary, began his work in Hunan Province, and following one of the Eddy evangelistic campaigns, a Bible class was started in Changsha. Among those enrolled was a Hunanese boy, Wu Ching Sing, who became a Christian and, two years later, was elected president of the Bible class. The young Chinese brought his sister to the missionaries, who placed her in one of the mission high schools. As a result she also accepted Christ.

When the Nationalist movement offered great promises of relief from many of China's ills, Wu went to Canton to cast in his lot with the Southerners. Miss Wu (Shou Ching) after her graduation from the high school entered Ginling College at Nanking and was a student there when the Southern army captured the city.

It is now well known that the soldiers, under Russian Communist influence, had received orders to loot, destroy and kill. After they had looted and burned many of the foreign houses a number of them appeared before the gates of Ginling College.

Since the soldiers were Hunanese, it was natural that Miss Wu should be sent to intercede for the College, since she could speak to the soldiers in their own dialect. While the soldiers were being served tea and cakes, Miss Wu was making frantic efforts to get into touch with her brother, an officer in the army which had just occupied the city. After a time he appeared and gave orders to the soldiers not to enter the compound. Instead of destroying the school, they were ordered to protect it.

Thus the foreigners and students and the buildings, worth at least a million dollars, were saved the fate which visited other parts of the foreign community. The College reopened a short time after the disturbance and continued its good work, the only mission school in Nanking able to do this for some months. The Changsha Bible class had borne fruit.

Friendship Books for

By HAZEL v. ORTON, New York ):- Secretary of Elementary Work, Missionary Education Movement N OT long ago a writer in a well-known simplicity and good taste which is characteristic magazine on race relationships made this of beautiful books. A high price is not always a statement: guar.antee of quality.

"When I was a baby my father had read me the There are a few mechanical points by which an story of Little Black Sambo, and I had concluded unskilled person can be guided in making wise that all black boys were silly and pathetically choices. Size of type, number and kind of illus- ugly." trations, relationship of illustrations to type page, How many well-meaning teachers and adults, binding, and the value of the book in developing because they were not sufficiently informed or the child's appreciation for the artistic and beau- have thought it unimportant, have exposed chil- tiful should be considered.

dren to harmful.attitudes toward children of other Perhaps the most essential point in the evalua- races through an unwise selection of a book. Much tion of the content of a book is judging whether care must be taken in the selection of books for it is within the range of ability and experience of children, especially when one is concerned with the child for whom it is chosen. Are the incidents the presentation of the Christian viewpoint of life. and the vocabulary within the understanding of Few local booksellers are competent guides to the child? From the standpoint of the world the selection of children's books. A short time friendship values to be gained, one must be care- ago, browsing in the children's book department ful that the content is free from ideas and sug- of a large store, I overheard a conversation be- gestions which may lead to undesirable attitudes.

tween a salesgirl and a physician interested in The following tests might be applied: children's books from the standpoint of health. 1. Are the facts about other racial and national groups The salesgirl was unable to grasp the situation true, or are they generalizations from which false deducand prattled much on the attractiveness and "cuteness" of a certain child's book printed in tions may be made? . small type and illustrated in lurid green. Half under his breath the physician remarked: "What 2. Are there statements or illustrations which hold any racial or national group up to ridicule, or portray them as stupid and incompetent?

3. Are there statements that ridicule and minimize the books! No wonder we doctors are always treating importance of great world issues, such as disarmament children for eye difficulties." and world peace, economic justice, racial equality, prohi- bition, etc. ? Almost any person with a degree of intelligence and knowledge of children can learn to discrimi- 4. Is the book sentimental and lacking in reality, or are the needs and accomplishments of other racial and na- nate between desirable and undesirable books. Two tional groups so presented that the reader will come to major questions should be kept in mind. understand and respect them, rather than develop pity and superiority? First, is it attractive and suitable in its mechanical make-up for the child? 5. Are there statements that foster bigoted intolerance, either racial, national or creedal? Second, is the content of the book inherently 6. Are there statements involving criminal offense by Christian? Are Christian attitudes, sympathies reason of which children might generalize and come to and conduct fundamental to the book, and are identify a certain racial or national group with smuggling, they treated as a natural and normal expression banditry, or lawlessness, for example? of life? 7. Is the book inherently Christian? This does not neces- Books which appeal to children must be at- sarily mean that it should talk about religion, but that it tractive to the eye as well as to the mind. Con- should picture a type of thought and conduct which is tent does not stand alone, for the way it is housed Christian.

8. Is the book well written from a literary standpoint?

between the covers is also quite fundamental. It is encouraging to know that there are on the Books by means of which we hope our· children market many children's books relating to world will develop Christian conduct must compare fa- friendship which fulfil these qualifications. Chil- vorably with the other books which they read and dren enjoy them and they are contributing factors love. Some of the less expensive books combine in the development of Christian conduct.

[166J Books for Children The Nursery Series. FriendShip Press. Uncle Sam's Family. By Dorothy F. 50 cents per volume. A series of McConnell. Council of Women for FIRST THROUGH THIRD GRADE missionary books similar in style to Home Missions, and Missionary Ed- the Peter Rabbit books; an endeavor ucation Movement. $1. Real live The Farmer in the Dell. By Berta to lay the foundation of that sym- boys and girls make up Uncle Sam's and Elmer Hader. Macmillan. $2.50. pathy which is the forerunner of a family. The stories in this volume An excellent picture book with brief true spirit of Christian world broth- are delightful, and grown people description of farm life and activi- erhood. Their titles are: Ah Fu: A seem to like them as well as chil- ties in northeastern United States. Chinese River Boy; Kembo: A Little dren. Girl of Africa; The Three Camels: The Singing Farmer. By James S. A Story of India; Esa: A Little Boy Under Many Flags. By Katharine Tippet. World Book Co. 68 cents. of Nazareth; Mitsu: A Little Girl Scherer Cronk and Elsie Singmas- A book of poetry about farm life for of Japan; and Babo: A South Seas ter. Missionary Education Move- boys and girls. Boy. ment. 65 cents. The many-sided enterprise of foreign missions will I Live in a City. By James S. Tippet. FROM FOURTH THROUGH SIXTH GRADE be made very real to boys and girls Harper. 75 cents. A book of poems through the stories of these men which helps city boys and girls to My Indian Boyhood. By Chief Stand- and women who serve one great understand better those who help to ing Bear. Houghton Mifflin. $1.75. purpose by doing well their widely make city life comfortable. This story written by a Sioux chief, different tasks. carries this dedication which is self- The Wishing Owl. By Idella Purnen. explanatory: "I write this book with Stories of Brotherhood. Missionary Macmillan. $2.25. A Mayan story the hope that the hearts of the white Education Movement. 75 cents. book. A collection of some of the boys and girls who read these pages The Adventures of Mr. Friend. children's favorite stories as they will be made kinder toward little Friendship Press. $1. Two books have been told for generations in Indian boys and girls." by Harold B. Hunting for older Yucatan. juniors. Each is a series of good North America. By Lucy Sprague stories of men and women whose Little Kin Chan. By Berthae Con- Mitchell. Macmillan. $3.50. A new lives have been spent in service to verse. Friendship Press. $1. The kind of geography which will live others. In the first book they work delightful story of a Japanese child, for boys and girls. In the words in both home and foreign lands, and Kin Chan, and her dog, "The Crab.' of the author the purpose of the in the second book in country com- They have many adventures and book is: "Trying to get children munities throughout America. much fun, in the course of which the to observe and to think in terms of missionary lady plays a prominent geographic relationships." Periodicals part. Cease Firing. By Winifred Hulbert. The number of denomination- The World in a Barn. By Gertrude Macmillan. $1.50. A very excellent al magazines and story papers Chandler Warner. Friendship Press. book for boys and girls dealing with published in America is legion. $1.25. A group of nine friendly chil- the subject of peace in an interest- Because there are so many, it dren, some of them American and ing and stimulating fashion. has seemed wise not to list them, some from other countries, also a but to make a few suggestions highly inventive uncle who has trav- Waterless Mountain. By Laura Adams in the light of which such publi- eled everywhere and knows how to Armer. Longmans, Green. $3. A cations may be evaluated. start things, make this book a real most charming story of the experi- adventure in world friendship. ences of a Navajo Indian boy. Beau- 1. Is the primary aim of this tifully written and illustrated. This periodical to educate children in The World on a Farm. By Gertrude book will do much to deepen the Christian world friendship or to Chandler Warner. Friendship Press. appreciation of the cultural values raise money? $1. A runaway pig and a swimming of Navajo life. race, ~ogether with delightful ex- 2. Is the material selected and periences in world friendship, com- Jumping Beans. (Story book edition.) written within the range of in- plete the adventures of the Friendly By Robert N. McLean. Friendship terest of the age group for which Farmers at Pleasant Valley Farm. Press. $1. This Mexican family it is intended? moved about so much that they said Children of the Chief. By Mary En- they were just like jumping beans. 3. Does it have literary value? twistle. Friendship Press. Paper, Could the stories and articles 40 cents. A book of delightful Porto Rican Neighbors. By Charles stand on their own merit7 stories about a family of African W. St. John. Friendship Press. $1. children. A collection of stories about the 4. How does it compare with children of Porto Rico. the other magazines which the Chinese Children of Woodcutters' child is reading? Lane. By Priscilla Holton. Friend- Open Windows. By Mary Entwistle. ship Press. The adventures of two Central Committee on the United 5. Is it a periodical for which Chinese children. Study of Foreign Missions. 75 cents. the children have respect? If you would like to know about Windows into Alaska. (Children's farm children in India, China, It is with real regret that one edition.) By Gertrude Chandler Africa, and many other places, just is compelled to say that there is Warner. Friendship Press. 75 cents. read these stories. now no splendid interdenomina- The story of Bobby and Virginia tional magazine in the United whose father is a missionary teacher Habeeb. By Mary Entwistle. An Eng- States for boys and girls on in Alaska. lish publication available through world friendship. Friendship Press. 80 cents. This Friends of Ours. By Elizabeth Col- is the story of a boy of Palestine. son. Friendship Press. $1. A charm- ing book for primary children, show- ing their dependence on the people of home and foreign lands.

Play In Latin

I. A Regular Heretic and the follow and learned their plans man, had caught the colporteurs Church Bell for the following day. It was with guile, and discovered their The missionary had arrived at good to see the interest such a plans. He wanted to merit the Santa Ana and invited people to man took in Bible work. praise of the priest the next time the evening service. At night Next morning, the well they drank wine together so he he was preaching to a crowd, dressed general mounted a had warned the people of some of whom were inside the spirited horse, and galloped Cumani not to buy Bibles. But big dark room, but most of away. About mid-day the two as Cumani is a liberal town, and whom were on the street. The colporteurs arrived at the town they had heard the priest concurious, the antagonistic, the in- of Cumani, hours later than the demn the Bible, he only stimuterested, all were there, but general, and were astonished to lated their curiosity, and they nearly all were men. The find a great demand for the resolved to buy. women, such of them as would Scriptures wherever they went. San Luis was different. It listen, would hear later what Sales were rapid. was fanatical, ,ignorant, priesthad been said, and might ask Next day they pushed on to dominated, and there the gallopthe Virgin to protect them after San Luis, hoping for a good re- ing horseman found everyone having heard such forbidden ception there also. What was ready to defend the Holy Virgin their surprise to find that they and Mother Church against the things. Suddenly, the big Roman Ca- were rejected at several little Biblemen. tholic church bell began to ring. inns. The priest had given Towns so different in spirit It kept on ringing, and meant strict orders that no one should exist side by side in Colombia to keep on until the voice of the give lodging to the heretics with because a state of constant feud the corrupt Lutheran Bibles. It exists between liberals and conheretic should be drowned. The preacher shouted, and was cold and wet and late in the servatives. Liberals cannot sell exhorted until he was hoarse. afternoon, and no door would goods easily in fanatical towns, The people crowded closer to open to them. Finally, a woman and conservatives are not happy catch part of what he was say- received them but hardly had in a liberal town, so each graviing. Suddenly the bell ceased they started to unpack, when tates, mainly for economical and and there was a great calm. two policemen came to the door. social reasons, to a town where People marvelled. The preacher The priest had sent orders to life is most agreeable. Both rejoiced and went on to finish the woman to refuse hospitality towns are Catholic, but one is to the Protestants, and she must tolerant and the other is persehis sermon in peace. Everyone understood why the comply. They started to pack cuting. In the first, the priest priest had ordered the bell to be up again, while the rain poured has to walk warily, or he may rung, but no one understood why down on the red-tile roofs. Sud- find himself a persona non it had so suddenly stopped. Next denly the woman came to their grata, in the second, he wields a day it was learned that a youth room and said, "You can stay. rod of iron. Both towns need of about sixteen, indignant at After all, the priest has never the Gospel. the treatment meted out to a done anything for me. I owe -Alexander M. Allan, stranger, had climbed into the him nothing. My house is my belfry, cut the rope, and shut own. He may rule on the street, Bogota, Colombia.

down the wooden trap door. In but here I am boss." Hardly was vain the bell ringer climbed up the big door shut and barred, and demanded that he open that than the policemen came to en- Missions Must Not Halt!

trap door; the little heretic quire why the two heretics had Whatever confusion may exist conwas adamant; he sat on it to not left. The woman replied: "I cerning the theory and method of mis- dare you to come in. This house sions, there must be no halting of mismake quite sure and the bell is private property. You have sionary 'effort. ringer below was powerless. no authority here." Christian missions are organized ef- Thus the Gospel message was The police went away, and the forts, motivated by good-will and di- rected by the best available judgment, heard in Santa Ana. colporteurs were left in peace. They were, however, unable to to give to all mankind the highest II. The Galloping Horseman good-God's revelations of the Way of and the Heretic8 sell Bibles in that town, and so Life through Christ. Release all the they slipped away at half-past guidance of trained intelligence. Re- Abel and Manuel were selling Bibles in the saddle-making four in the morning, trudging lease all the rapture of unselfish love. Release all possible effort to promote town of Choconta, on the high through the cold mud away on human welfare for time and eternity. road north of Bogota. A well Release increasing resources of spirdressed man affably enquired in the misty mountain road. itually competent manhood and womabout the route they intended to The explanation? The gallop- anhood for this work.

ing horseman, a bigoted church -Selected.

[168]

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~ THE COLLEGE COUNSELOR have pointed them to the way of midst of perplexing cam pus AT WORK intelligent Christian leadership problems.

By CLAIRE GOODSILL CHANDLER following college, through the The counselor in the home church tries to cultivate the feel- District Counselor for the Central simple medium of friendship, ing among its departing student District of Michigan, Illinois graciously bestowed and shared. members that they will repre- and Missouri Two years ago college coun- Every religious denomination selor work received a tremen- sent the home church in their feels responsible for the Chris- dous impetus by the authoriza- college environment. Many a tian nurture of its own young tion, on the part of the two counselor, when students return people and the large denomina- Women's Boards, of counselors from vacation periods, sees to it tions give especial attention to for every local church, whether that opportunity is given for the spiritual needs of their stu- or not that church was in a col- them to report what they have dent groups. Trained student lege community. This expansion done as church emissaries. pastors or secretaries direct ac- led at once to a new and broader tivities for students in the local conception of college counselor It is the custom of counselors church or follow boys and girls work. to arrange for some church recto the college campus to throw ognition of returning students. about them the protective arm A study of some of the meth- An evening in a church home, a of the Church. This service, ods now employed by counselors banquet at the church, the entergiven by specialists in the stu- will perhaps best indicate the tainment of individual students dent field, is usually of a high value of the expanded plan. in homes – any such interest order. It is especially evident at Methods mentioned have all been manifested in friendly spirit state universities and in educa- proved to be practical and many brings rewards out of all protional centers where the student are in common use by the ma- portion to the effort involved. body is large. jority of counselors. Some counselors bring together A Volunteer Worker In a Community Without a college and high school young College people of the church during the Christmas or spring vacation, so A few years ago the leaders of The counselor working in a that the younger group may the Woman's American Baptist community wit h 0 uta college judge of the value of higher ed- Home and Foreign Mission Soci- seeks to keep in friendly touch ucation, the choice of a school, eties instituted a plan for work with college students connected and such matters, from college among Baptist students, to be with the church. To this end she folk themselves. maintained by volunteer effort will know intimately the promisand to be carried out by college ing young people of the church In a College Community counselors in 10 c a I Baptist churches in college communities. and their educational plans. The counselor in a college com- The statement of purpose of the When they leave for college she munity also has for her first goal project reads: will inform counselors in their to keep in friendly touch with college churches of their new ad- college students connected with . The work of the College Counselor dresses. She will write and send the church. She receives letters IS to preserve and develop the link them church bulletins, if the from counselors in other places between the denomination and the stu- church itself does not make this telling her of incoming students.

dent, not only for the sake of se- a practice. She will see that the She secures also a list from the curing recruits for the mission fields church recognizes in some ap- college or university of students propriate way the departure of giving her particular church as or other forms of Christian service, students in the fall. One church their preference. but for the sake of developing an intelligent, able constituency filled with missionary consecration. holds a student prayer meeting She sees that early contact is In accordance with this ideal, before its young people leave. made with students. She makes counselors in large and small Another holds a special commu-· calls herself and has girls and college centers in various states nion service, the memory of men, preferably students themhave helped students to keep which often helps the student to selves from the local church, call their interest in the church and keep his spiritual poise in the upon new students and extend [169]

invitations to church activities. counselor asks each student to counselor. She keeps in touch Many churches h a v e student fill out an information sheet. memberships which students are with graduate students, she tells encouraged to take. Members of "What Is Your Hobby?" pastors in places to which grad- uates move, of their talents and the church may act as special Check things in the following list experience, and thus endeavors guardians of the religious inter- which you can do. (Sing; Tell Sto- to relate them quickly to their est of certain students for the ries; Teach; Make Posters; etc.) new churches and communities. entire year. They invite the stu- If you were to serve on a committee This service is especially valu- which of the following would you dent of their church adoption to prefer? able when removals are made to their homes, to share their pews These and other questions give large cities, where it is easy· for during church services, and in- a key to the interest and ability newcomers to lose their church troduce them to group activities of the student group. interest. such as the choir, Sunday School The counselor is provided with The Church of the future needs classes and the young people's useful missionary and Christian a generation of young people organizations. leadership information and in- eager to give to the work of the Usually the church as a whole spiration. From time to time she Kingdom of God their trained welcomes the students in some places this material in the hands and consecrated service. The social way. Many churches have of those who are choosing their mission work of the future will student committees, headed by life work. Most of all, in friend- be in their hands. College counthe counselor, and this group ly conversation, perhaps before selors represent one of many plans the fall welcome to the her own fireside, she is able to agencies whose effort is directed coIIege young people. In many say the guiding word which towards helping to develop that places a reception is the order of proves to be a lamp to the future promise of beauty and spiritual the day. Some churches arrange pathway of her young friend. force which lies latent in all for banquets, with members of The High School Group young persons so that it will find the church acting as individual splendid fruition in lives of servhosts and hostesses to their young guests. Sometimes affairs As a second objective, all coun- ice for Christ. of entirely informal character are desired and hikes, bacon bats selors encourage promising high ORIENTAL STUDENTS ON or visits to some country or sum- school students to go to college MODERN MISSIONS mer home are enjoyed. or to get further training along As the year progresses the lines of their special interest, not [Pastors, Sunday School teachers counselor comes to know her and mission study leaders may well students and her home becomes only for the sake of their own the mecca of girls and boys enrichment, but also as a natural ponder carefully these frank admoniwho are lonely, discouraged or . tions as indicating the method of aptroubled. She shows her interest part of their religious develop- proach necessary for a successful minand friendliness in many simple, gracious ways. One counselor ment and training for Christian istry among present day Orientals. In service and leadership. fact, does the matter not go deeper than mere methods into the realm of Counselors arrange for church recognition of the high school spiritual attitudes which represent most truly the mind of the Master in graduates through church Bac- his dealings with man?] calaureate Sundays, congratula- Thirty Chinese students at the takes to the dormitory a birth- tory notes to graduates, and the University of Pennsylvania were day cake whenever anyone of like. They also encourage church recently invited to dine with an her girls is celebrating her natal day. Flowers from her garden and individual scholarship funds outgoing missionary under ap- for ambitious high school stu- pointment as a nurse in their are shared with the girls. "I never knew how much I loved dents without means. It is im- native land. After a simple meal portant for the church to be vi- the gathering was turned into apple blossoms until Mrs. – – brought some to my room this tally interested in the educa- an informal round table of ad- tional equipment of its youth, vice. The twenty-two students spring," said one girl who was far from the orchard fragrance and for the young people to feel present were asked to prepare of her father's farm. the missionary for what she was the warmth of the church's in- soon to meet in China, as well as terest in practical ways as they One counselor, through the seek to train themselves for a to give her any advice or admostudent church s c h 0 0 I class fine type of leadership. which she teaches, arranges each . nitions they deemed desirable. year for a Home-coming Sunday The Graduate Group They were a mixture of Bud- dhists, Mohammedans, Chrisfor parents. The students vie As the counselor's encourage- tians and open-minded inquirers with each other in bringing their ment and help reaches down to of no declared faith. For more parents from afar to spend a the prospective college student, than two hours they held the day of happy fellowship with so she reaches forward to the floor and their admonitions were them as guests of the church. college graduate. To conserve his a symposium of practical sug- In seeking to find a place of or her interest and ability for gestions both for foreign workusefulness and activity for her the church's needs and opportu- ers and for their backers at students in the local church, one nities is the privilege of the home.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Do not become high-hat, giving our rested on a paper ocean stretch- together. All efforts down to date people the feeling that you are supe- have, however, proved insufficient. ing down the expanse of white Every reform is born in an atmosrior to them and that your country cloth. Blue crepe paper was phere previously created, but the is greater than their country. stretched and then crumpled to Church of Jesus Christ is far behind Have an abundance of patience, for there will be many things to irritate. represent waves whose crests the leadership of her Master in shap- Do not go to our country feeling ing the atmosphere for a warless that just because you come from a were white-capped with touches world. Mental disarmament must abforeign country you can boss us of white paint or moistened raw solutely precede disarmament of any around. other sort. The creation of such an starch. An expansive mirror, The trouble with so many mission- laid flat and bordered with twigs attitude of mind among nations of aries in our country has been that the earth is peculiarly the task of they are not as well prepared as the for trees, is effective to repre- the Church, and of America in par- ticular. Chinese whom they try to win to their sent water. religion. A hostess in appropriate na- The central ship was named "America," as the flagship of the Rid yourself of all racial feeling; tional costume sat at one end of World Peace Fleet about to be for the Chinese folks to whom you each table and a toast speaker assembled to render obsolete the or singer at the other. Impro- war fleets of the earth. But minister will soon sense any feeling vised foreign costumes were welof racial superiority. comed, if guests could procure America must have cooperation. A spokesman from the Chinese Adapt yourself as soon as possible table was called upon to present her auxiliary cruiser "Friendto the absence of all United States conveniences, such as a bath tub in them. At each plate stood a tiny ship" and to give a ten-minute every home, running hot water in Christmas candle, imbedded in a 'talk on cultivation of friendly, large gum drop for stability; red confidence-filled, trustful relaabundance, etc., and do not constantly candles were used at the Jap- tions with all other nations of remind us that you are missing these c.onveniences.

Do not be overcome by discourage- anese . table to harmonize with earth. Acceptance of cruiser fol- the tiny Japanese flag on the lowed. ments. You will meet many more ship, and an alternation of red, than we have met as students in your white and blue candles stood on The spokesman for India (a country. young college man on whom a share of the fighting would fall Missionaries must show the real in the event of another war) was called upon to present his cruisspirit of America to China to offset the United States table. er, "Partnership," to represent the disillusionment of our people be- our cordial, cooperative relations No.1, the key-table, was American. with other nationalities, who are cause of the way foreign countries our equals in endowments if not Columbia, resplendent in white robe, always in opportunity. have treated us in the past. bunting cape with red and blue straps, Medical service makes friends much a gilt-star necklace and a coronet, act- Japan next presented her toast ing as hostess, the toastmistress serv- in the form of a solo, "My Task," more quickly because it is an easier ing as her vis-a-vis. From the mast as expressive of "Kinship." way to demonstrate friendship. of the central ship long lines of tiny U. S. flags extended to the ends of From the Philippine Island When you sail up the river to the table. Towed behind this "good world came the toast on "States- Shanghai, you will see the gunboats ship, America," was a captive war vessel whose flag of combat had been of so many nations anchored in the river. Ask yourself the question that replaced by the Christian flag. educated Chinese are always asking- Table No.2, representing China, "Why? Why? Why?" was centered by a Chinese junk made Learn to play with us, for it is the easiest way in every country to be- by the son of a returned missionary. come acquainted. No. 3 represented India. No.4, Japan. We ought to do away with the term No.5, the Philippine Islands. "missionary" which has come to have No.6, the Cosmopolitan aggregaan unpleasant significance. I do not know what to offer, but it ought to be tion of many other nations. something like "international friend."

AN INTERNATIONAL No.7, "The New World of Uni- manship," showing what our versal Peace and Goodwill"-a land men of affairs can do. DINNER as yet uncharted but plainly visible to the eye of faith. The Cosmopolitan table pre- This program, given at a large sented a speaker for the climax: gathering in Granville, Ohio, was Merriment for the young folk "Fellowship." This was a disan earnest effort to arouse Chris- in the way of home-made jingles, tinctively religious talk, putting set to familiar tunes, was pro- the matter specifically up to the tian people to their obligation to vided between courses. At the Christian Church if it would be close of the meal the toastmis- consistent in holding its teachcreate the spirit of friendship in tress gave the setting for the ing of the fatherhood of God and which all international disputes theme: man's brotherhood in Christ. may be settled by arbitration "The New World of Peace rather than by a resort to force. "Fourteen years since the jubilant and Goodwill" offered a soloist The program was planned and announcement of the close of 'The carried out in an earnest spirit War to End War.'''

of prayer and produced a pro- Quotations from current literature rendering "The Lord Is My found impression. were given, and reliable facts as to Tables were decorated with Strength," as a toast on "Lord- present armament burden, warlike at- ship." flags, doilies, curios, statuettes, titudes of mind, suspicions, hatred, The toastmistress then de- jeal.ousies among nations, etc. She etc., to represent different na- pointed out the foolishness of con- clared that the spiritual will to tions. A ship's model, such as demning efforts of statesmen and arbi- . decorates a mantelpiece, formed peace should be substituted for the centerpiece of each table and trators looking toward disarmament the war system of the nations, of nations, since reforms are usually the product of many factors working and that the ideals of the King-

dom of God could be brought to publicity. This is accepted as dergartens. Bring pieces of cloth, pass only through catching the fundamental in the business thimble and scissors, to cut and sew spirit of Him who said, "I am world, but religious workers blocks for quilts to be sent to orthe light of the world." In sym- often neglect or even discount phanages. These things sell the misbolism of this she lighted a can- advertising as s a v 0 r i n g 0 f sionary society and create interest. dle at the masthead of the flag- "worldliness," overlooking the When the folks are absent miss them ship before her. (This was the fact that the only culpability and tell them so. signal for turning off all electric would consist in failing to "delights in the room.) Two white- liver the goods" as advertised. Sell the Woman's Missionary Sorobed peace emissaries then ap- ciety to the prospective members by peared, bearing tall white can- Mrs. Bess Judd Doty, Pastor's personal letters and clever invitations. dles, which they kindled at the Assistant in the First Methodist (Picture of a zeppelin with the words Christ candle and carried in suc- Church of Cleveland, says: -"We're making a flying trip to the cession to each hostess in the new Brewster Hospital at Jacksonroom. As the hostess received Publicity is of value only as you ville, Florida. Leave First Church the light for her own tiny place- have something worth advertising and Wednesday afternoon at three o'clock. candle, she repeated: "The light we assume that your program has Gome along!") . . . Ask the church of World Peace is kindled in the been thoughtfully and prayerfully secretary for a list of prospective heart of China (or India, or prepared, that it is alive and worth members; divide the membership into Japan, etc.). It glows brightly while. Who knows that you have a groups and assign new names to each. and passes on" – lighting the Woman's Missionary Society? Speak- Ask each member to interest herself candles of her neighbor on the ing in business terms, you are to sell in a prospective member; to call for right and on the left. Each guest this organization-first, to yourself. these women and take them to the thus receiving a light,turned and You must yourself believe in the im- meeting. Use the telephone. Do not passed it on to her neighbor un- portance of the task before you can criticize the society, the officers .or the til every candle in the now dark- convince others. As Publicity Secre- workers. Never belittle the work of ened room was glowing. tary you should be a member of the any other organization to gain mem- program committee so that you may bers for your own. Talk it up, never A trio of women rose and sang catch the enthusiasm and know from down. . . • with deep expression three stan- the start what you are to advertise. zas of "The Light of the World Sell your auxiliary of the Woman's Is Jesus." At each repetition of Seoond, sell the Woman's Mission- Missionary Society to the world. Send this musical phrase, everyone in ary Society to your pastor. . . . notes of grateful appreciation to outthe room elevated his candle and Give him a written, detailed notice siders who serve in any way. Write sang the words, then lowered it for the church bulletin, do not rush up accounts of special meetings or again until the next recurrence. up after the morning worship serv- social affairs and send them to your The toastmistress rep eat e d ice and say: "Don't forget to put in local and denominational publications. reverentially: "As light begets a notice about our meeting next Any news and worthwhile suggestions light, so Friendship, Partner- week." If it is not important to you, for securing members, for unusual ship, Kinship, Statesmanship, it is not important to him. . . . programs or for raising money will Fellowship, Lordship are passed always find a place in the columns of from person to person until all Ask him as he calls to tell what church papers. "Sell your Woman's the world becomes a brother- fine work your society is doing. You'll Missionary Society!" hood and World Peace through cheer his heart by your enthusiasm. Christ, our Saviour, shall be AMERICA FIRST? realized upon earth." After a meeting report to him the number of new folks who attended. Bishop G. Ashton Oldham, in a ser- A prayer closed this service, Tell him that the budget is all mon preached at Washington, ma~e an whose devotional and consecra- pledged, and that the women packed impassioned appeal that Americans tional effect was very deep. a wonderful supply box, etc. . . . should secure for their country "first Invite him to the luncheons or din- This program may be used ners and invite his wife, giving them place"- without a dinner, though the as- complimentary tickets. . . . Not merely in matters material, but sembling power and decorative opportunities of the gathering Use the bulletin board and black- in things of the spirit. around the tables enhance the board. Use attractive posters and get Not merely in science, inventions, values. A similar program may them up early. . . . Send out mimbe prepared for expressing the eographed notices, cleverly illustrated. motors and skyscrapers, but also in need and the spread of the Gos- Throw out the challenge of the task. ideals, principles, character. pel of Christ throughout all the . . . Present information in an world. attractive form. Have a "Mission Not merely in the calm assertion of School" (send out the invitations in rights, but in the glad assumption of PUBLICITY POINTERS the shape of different states and write, "What state is this? Come pre- duties. The best programs, plans and pared to tell what missionary home or Not flaunting in her strength as a policies will fall short of their school is located in this state.") . . . possibilities without adequate Learn to use new members-assign giant, but bending over in helpfulness tasks. Make money raising a pleas- over a sick and wounded world like ure. Talk tithing. Lay a mile of a Good Samaritan. pennies-16 pennies to a foot, $844.80 in a mile. Give out "Rainy Day Not in splendid isolation, but in Bags" in which to drop a nickel every courageous cooperation. time it rains. Raise a certain sum for a salary by dividing the amount Not in pride, arrogance and dis- into small gifts per month, per week, dain of other races and peoples, but per day, etc., and ask pledges for in sympathy, love and understanding. these amounts. Make scrap books for hospitals. Save fancy envelope lin- Not in treading again the old worn, ings and send them to mission kin- bloody pathway which ends inevitably in chaos and disaster, but in blazing a new trail along which, please God, other nations will follow into the new Jerusalem where wars shall be no more.

Some day some nation must take that path-unless we are to lapse once again into utter barbarism-and that honor I covet for my beloved America.

Women's Home and Foreign

HELEN M. BruCKMAN, 105 EAST TWENTy-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK; COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK; FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA PRESENT-DAY HOME Migrant Fellowship, made pos- s tor i e s and dramatizations, MISSIONS sible through the cooperation of han d w 0 r k, hom e nursery a grower, was completed. courses, infant care, carpentry, The Annual Meeting of the sewing, cooking, health educa- Council of Women for Home In the legislative field there tion and recreation were all a Missions held January 4-6,1932, have been marked advances. part of the activities in the difin Toronto, Canada, was a Delaware raised the working ferent centers. memorable occasion made so by age of children in canneries the true hospitality expressed in from twelve to fourteen years. International Relations many ways by the Canadian The canners of the state backed friends who gave the delegates this legislation. Pennsylvania The report of the Committee from the States a most hearty has made school attendance by on International ReI a t ion s welcome. showed that the Council has ANNE SEESHOLTZ, Executive Secretary, been particularly active during In the very opening session, Council of Women for Home Missions the past year in this field, carry- Miss Anne Seesholtz was elected ing on work in cooperation with Executive Secretary of the migrant children compulsory no the ten other national organiza- Council of Women for Home matter from what state they tions of women constituent to Mis s ion s, succeeding Miss come. New Jersey is now work- the National Committee on the Florence E. Quinlan. Miss See- ing on a plan of education Cause and Cure of War. Tosholtz comes to this position through special classes and also gether the Federation, Council with exceptional training and a housing code for migrant and National Council of Fedexperience in the religious and camps. erated Church Women secured educational fields. She assumed over 145,000 signatures to a her office on February 1 and will In the work on the field the petition addressed to the Interin future serve as one of the standards were raised. In the national Disarmament Congress editors of this "Bulletin." t wen t y fields in California, at Geneva, urging the Confer- Oregon, Washington, Colorado, ence to gratify the expectations Reports given at the meeting New York, New Jersey, Dela- and hopes of the world by puts howe d interesting develop- ware and Maryland where the ting into immediate and unhesiments in the home mission Council of Women for Home tating effect the pledges already realm. Missions has organized Chris- made for the reduction of na- tian social service work there tional armaments. We are re- Migrant Work was real achievement. Bible joicing that the church women were able to more than double The report of the Committee their quota of 60,000 signatures. on Migrant Work revealed the Altogether over 700,000 women grave effect of the economic situ- in the United States signed this ation upon the migrant group. petition. Work in cannery centers has been unsteady and local workers Indian Work out of regular employment have crowded out the migrant labor- The work with Indians in ers. Wages were reduced as Canada was presented by Mrs. much as 331/3 per cent in some H. A. Lavell and Mrs. D. T. L. places. McKerroll of Canada and in the States by Rev. Frank A. Smith, In spite of difficult times em- D. D., Chairman of the Joint ployers and groups in migrant Committee on Indian Work and areas have maintained their Miss Helen M. B ric k man, level of cooperation or exceeded former Director, Indian Work. it to such an extent that they contributed actually 37 per cent The statement was made that of the total expenditures in the Indian population of Canada, Migrant Work in 1931. now something over 108,000, is This year the work under the [173]

peaceful and happy and more superintendents and principals denominational agencies are acand more showing an interest in have meant changes in the whole tively supporting it. public affairs. The influence of school set-up, including the rethe Christian Church through ligious program. The young In- World Day of Prayer her missionary contacts and the processes of education and train- dians, too, during these last "One cannot but be impressed ing along many practical lines years have reflected the uneasi- wit h the significance of the have done much to develop in ness and uncertainty of the WorId Day of Prayer for such a these people a spirit of content- school employees; the increasing time as this," stated the report ment and a desire to make some- poverty and suffering of their of the Committee on World Day thing of their lives. History people has caused most of them of Prayer. "Every nation the shows that many Indians have the greatest distress, and one world around has been passing not only marked ability and must add to these factors the through times of unprecedented gifts beyond the average but are utter bewilderment which these distress. What a time is this for ambitious to contribute some- young people feel as they face Christians in all lands to bear thing to the world's work. In life and work in their country one another's burdens in united these types the Indian is seen at under conditions such as exist intercession – nation with nahis best with race tendencies today. Any religious program tion, race with race. well in control. All the churches in Canada have had a share in must take into account these "Prayer truly is dynamic. We the work of Indian missions. factors. In addition to these, have wit n e sse d this united The Roman Catholics were the however, the religious work di- prayer service fairly leap from first on the field and signs of rectors have faced the perplexity country to country until on Febtheir zeal as missionaries are of administering a program of ruary 20, 1931, Christians in evident in every province of the more than twoscore countries Dominion. Nearly half of the religious education which will had joined the fellowship of Indian population of Canada are meet the requirements of the united intercession." Roman Catholic. The Anglican school, which will be acceptable Church leads the Protestant de- to local churches, which will It was announced that Mrs. nominations in numbers, and it measure up to the standards de- C. C. Chen of China is the author is interesting to note that the sired by the Joint Indian Com- of the program for March 3, very first Anglican Church in mittee, and which will also meet 1933, and that the Call to Prayer Upper Canada was the one built their needs as the young Indian will be prepared by an American on the Mohawk Reserve near people themselves see them. Indian. Brantford in 1785. The Presbyterians, too, have a long record Certain definite objectives for Study Courses of splendid work, and the United the religious program have been Church of Canada, through one uppermost during the last few The report of the Committee of its constituent bodies, dates years, and definite progress on Study Courses revealed that its work for Indians back to although the sale of home mis- toward these goals made. In the sion study books has been affect- 1824. great effort to lead Indian boys ed this past year by the general and girls into a knowledge of depression, the record of sales is In its work of the year the and love for Jesus Christ, their slightly over last year. Joint Committee on Indian Lord and Master, church an·d Work has kept before it the The program for the coming definition of its task as accepted worship services, Sunday School year is as near completion as is by the Home Missions Congress, classes, denominational meet- possible at this time. The adult "Our task is preeminently spir- ings, religious clubs, and week- book, now ,in manuscript form, itual-the bringing of every In- day courses in religious educa- is a collaboration by Dr. Lewis dian into allegiance with our tion have been emphasized and Meriam and Dr. George W. Hin- Lord and Saviour for worship man, both of whom have a wide and service in His Kingdom, strengthened. acquaintance with Indian Work. that with Christians of other Dr. Meriam, whose survey for races they may interpret and ac- In order to develop religious the government has made him cept the full meaning of His leadership increasing responsi- an authority, has an exceeding- Lordship in their lives." bility for planning and assisting ly sympathetic attitude toward in the religious program has Indians. Dr. Hinman's relation- The report brought out the been given to the Indian young ships to the work of his own defact that the changes in the ad- people themselves and in several nomination and the Service Comministration of Indian affairs mittee on Indians has given him have had an effect upon the re-· of the schools real initiative has an equally broad knowledge from the standpoint of Christian ligious program in the Indian been shown. missions. schools. While there has been Eight denominations through splendid cooperation on the part Miss Winifred Hulbert spent of school authorities, changes in their ten mission boards now nearly five months visiting In- recognize the Service Committee dian schools and mission sta- on Indians, which serves as a tions on Indian fields and has the liaison agency between the mis- sion boards and tlie government, and have indicated their general willingness to work through it as occasion requires. Two inter-

WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

book for young people well in Honorable N. W. Rowell, K. C., national Relations, Race Relahand. She is also preparing a Vice-President of the Institute tions, and World Day of Prayer. unit course for intermediates on Pacific Relations. He pointed based on "Three Arrows" by E. out the necessity for a world out- With the Home Missions Coun- Ryerson Young, an intermediate look on problems and the need cil there are joint committees on reading book. for christianizing ecclesiastical, Alaska, City and New Ameri- social, economic and interna- cans, Com i t y and Five-Year A course book for juniors is tional relations. He urged the Program, Indian Work and Probeing written by Katharine Church to realize the importance motion. Gladfelter, while for primary of allaying racial prejudices and children stories are being fur- national antipathies, and to use Editor's Note: At the same time that the nished by Florence C. Means and its power to further public opin- Council of Women held its Annual Meeting, teacher's material by Frances ion in increasing international the Home Missions Council also met, joint Somers Riggs. An additional in- cooperation. sessions taking place in the afternoon and sert sheet of American Indian evening of each day. Report of joint work sketches will be prepared to ac- Officers and resolutions adopted by both bodies appear company the North American elsewhere in this issue. Picture Map already in print. The following officers and ex- ecutive officers were elected: THE ANNUAL INVENTORY Addresses Honorary President-Mrs. George W. The Annual Meeting of the Stirring addresses by promi- Federation of Woman's Boards nent men and women of the Coleman. of Foreign Missions of North United States and Canada were America was held at the Hotel heard. President-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. Gramatan, Bronxville, N. Y., First Vice-President-Mrs. Philip M. January 9-11, 1932. This is the Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, President time when the Federation takes of the Council of Women, cited Rossman. inventory of stock, discovers the many instances of devoted serv- things which have been done ice on home mission fields. Second Vice-President – Mrs. May m 0 s t advantageously through the past year, and how they may Bishop Francis J. McConnell, Leonard Woodruff. be improved upon for the next President of the Federal Council Third Vice-President-Mrs. Fred S. year. of Churches, stoutly defended the Church's right to have a Bennett. . During this year the work of voice in all matters pertaining to Recording Secretary-Miss Julia Flor- many ofthe committees has been national and international wel- outstanding and has made a very fare. Speaking on "The Place of ance. real contribution to the missionthe Church in Democracy," he Treasurer-Mrs. Edwin W. Lentz. ary enterprise. The Committee said that the Church should not on Missionary Preparation has be muzzled in her attempt to Executive Secretary-Miss Anne See- been making a study of some of voice the Christian attitude with the problems of recruiting and regard to war, disarmament, sholtz. preparation of candidates and temperance and other social and Secretary for Migrant Work-Miss of the type of workers and trainindustrial problems. ing needed in specific cases. This Edith E. Lowry. committee recently assembled a Miss Mabel Cartwright, LL.D., Western Field Secretary and Super- group of twenty-five candidate President of the Women's Aux- visor for Migrant Work – Miss secretaries, members of candiiliary of the Ontario Diocese, date committees and mission- Church of England in Canada, Adela J. Ballard. aries together with such specialspoke on "The Adventure in Assistant Treasurer-Miss G. Evelyn ists as Dr. Carney and Dr. Case Life." She deplored the idea of of Teachers College and Dr. many that religion has left ad- Morse. Reisner of the Committee on Agventure outside, stating that the Office Secretary-Miss Virginia Kai- ricultural Missions. The group Christian religion was the great headed by Dr. Donohugh herself adventure of the ages. One of ser. had a most interesting conferthe great adventures of the ence on "Women Workers in present day, she pointed out, was Chairmen Rural Areas – Their Qualificato be found in helping to solve tions and Preparation." It is some of the problems of the com- The following chairmen 0 f hoped that there will be very munity such as unemployment, standing commi ttees were definite results from this conferdistribution of wealth, friendli- elected: ence. ness to the stranger in the neighborhood, and provision of whole- Administrative-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. The Committee on Foreign some recreation. Chautauqua Home Missions Institute Students has been doing a very interesting piece of work this "Forced by the progress of -Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. year in cooperation with the events, we now live in a world, Finance-Miss Ann Elizabeth Taylor. Committee on Friendly Relanot a community," stated the Legislative Matters – Mrs. Samuel tions, the Foreign Student Com- Semple. Study Courses-Miss May Huston. Young People's Work- Miss Muriel Day.

As yet the Chairman of the Committee on Migrant Work has not been named. It was deeply regretted that Mrs. Kenneth Dexter Miller felt it necessary to relinquish the chairmanship of this committee.

There are joint committees with the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and National Council of Federated Church Women on Conferences and Schools of Missions, Inter-

mittee of the Y. W. C. A., and sire for this has been expressed Mrs. F. I. J ohns.on, that of the Committee of Refer- Mrs. H. A. Lavell, ence and Counsel. A limited sum by nationals speaking in this Mrs. James C. Colgate, of money has been made avail- country. It has already been Mrs. D. J. Fleming, able for cases of emergency need tried with success in the cases among foreign students and al- of union institutions and in the Mrs. William L. Darby, ready a goodly number of stu- union work in Mesopotamia and Mrs. Ernest A. Evans, dents have been helped in the in Santo Domingo. A committee Mrs. L. R. RQunds, solution of their problems. Plans will study possibilities, ways and means during this coming year. Mrs. L. L. Anewalt. Secretary-Mrs. John C. ShQver. Treasurer-Mrs. Frank GaylQrd Cook. Assistant Treasurer-Mrs. Philip M.

are going forward for two or On Sunday evening the Fed- Rossman. three conferences in foreign stu- eration enjoyed a family supper Executive Secretary-Miss FlQrence dent centers in different parts of the country, and the Committee with guests fro m Bronxville, G. Tyler. is also working to secure hospi- New York, and elsewhere. The tality for these students in Chris- following missionaries spoke: Chairmen Miss Olivia Lindsay from Japan, Chairmen of standing com- mittees are: tian hom e s , also to provide Dr. Hawthorne Darby from the Constitution and By-Laws-Miss Carspeaking engagements for them Philippines, Mrs. Arthur Harper rie M. Kerschner. from India, Miss Elsie Kittlitz which will bring some remuner- from China, and Miss Charlotte Home Base Cultivation-Miss Amelia ation. D. Kemp.

Industrial Missions' Products – Miss .The week-end at Bronxville Wyckoff from India, while the Lucy Kent. was a very profitable one, as the final messages of the evening Missionary Preparation-Mrs. Agnes program was most worthwhile. were from Ma Sa Tin of Burma C. L. Donohugh. The theme for the meeting was and Miss Carol Chen of China. Missions and Governments – Mrs.

William L. Darby. Nominations-Mrs. S. S. Hough. "Launch Out Into the Deep." The meeting continued through Interdenominational Institutions on Dr. D. J. Fleming of Union Sem- Monday with speeches from reinary spoke on Saturday evening cently returned travellers from the Foreign Field – Miss Minnie Sandberg. and laid before the delegates the Orient-Mrs. John MacGil- Finance Committee – Mrs. L. R. some of the problems which must livray and Mrs. Frank Gaylord Rounds.

be faced by mission boards in Cook-and a splendid presenta- THE UNKNOWN CHRISTIAN the near future in order to meet tion of home base interests led I the needs of a new day. Dr. by Miss Amelia D. Kemp of What was his name? I do not knQW his name: James H. Franklin, Administra- Philadelphia and followed by a I only kn.oW he heard GQd's voice and tive Secretary of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Soci- discussion. came. The message of this Annual Brought all he lQved across the sea, ety, spoke Sunday morning on Meeting is well voiced by the old . . . . To ·live a.nd wQrk fQ.r GQd-and me. "Christ's Perpetual Challenge- hymn which had been adapted And at the end, withQut memQrial for the occasion by Mrs. Amelia 'Launch Out Into the Deep' " – Josephine Burr Elmore and died; taking up the spiritual issues which was sung a number of No blaring trumpet sQunded .out his facing every Christian today in fame; making his own life tally up to times during the meetings: He lived, he died; I dQ nQt knQw his the Gospel he professes-in race relations, in industrial relations, The power of God is an ocean divine, name. in personal relations. Dr. Frank- A boundless and fathomless flood. lin told of many of the Chinese Launch out in the deep, n Christians with whom he had Cut away the shore line, had fellowship during his recent And buoyantly venture with God. NQ fQrm of brQnze and nQ mem.orial trip to the Orient and drew fur- Launch out into the deep, and let the stones shore line go. Sh.oW me the place where lie his · m.ouldering b.ones.

. .. ..

Only a thousand h.omes, Where every day the cheerful play ther illustration from Kagawa, Launch out, launch out .on the ocean Of l.ove and h.ope and courage c.omes. the great spiritual leader of S.o br.oad, These are his monument and these Japan. Out where the full tides flow. al.one: Sunday afternoon was given There is n.o form .of brQnze and nQ up to a forum hour led by Miss Officers Sarah Lyon of the Foreign De- memQrial stQne. partment of the Y. W. C. A. At Newly elected officers of the this time many of the problems Federation of Woman's Boards III of Foreign Missions are: Is there SQme desert .or SQme pathless of mission boards were brought out and it was decided that this President – Mrs. Howard Wayne sea forum hour would be continued Smith. Where ThQu, great God .of angels, wilt another year. One of the for- Honorary Vice-PresUl:ent-Mrs. Henry · se.nd me.? . . . . W. Peabody. TQ feed the waiting children .of my First Vice-President-Miss Margaret GQd?

E. Hodge. ShQW me the desert, Father, .or the sea. Vice-Presidents-Mrs. DeWitt Knox, Is it Thine enterprise? Great GQd, ward-looking projects discussed Mrs. William Edgar Geil, send me; was the possibility of sending Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn, And thQugh this bQdy lie where ocean missionaries to the field without denominational labels. The de- Mrs. Hume R. Steele, rQlls, CQunt me amQng All Faithful SQuls.

-E. E. HALE.

j" Our W orld;-wide

A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ~~~~~I NORTH AMERICA and creep up the aisles. They bless Community Chest Receipts themselves when there is a storm. Religious Ignorance Among Children They put holy water on their beds at A grand total of $100,000,000 night, and when they are sick, they -a new record for community Even in privileged America use a lot of holy water. chests in a single fiscal yearchildren are surprisingly igno- As long as nothing is done to seems to be assured for 1932 acrant and prejudiced on religious get at the root of ignorance, we cording to a summary of' the matters. They know little of need expect nothing but intoler- ance. Propaganda for better campaigns already completed in their own religion and less of the understanding should be carried religion of their neighbors. on among the children as well 206 out of 391 cities. This sum- as among adults. mary was submitted to Walter An investigation made by Dr. Florida Missionary Assemblies S. Gifford, director of the Presi- Adelaide T. Case, Professor of dent's Organization on Unem- Education at Columbia Univer- "This Chain of Missionary sity, has undertaken to get the Assemblies is a unique experi- ployment Relief, by J. Herbert ment," writes Mrs. Henry W. Case, president of the National reactions of 1,000 children. Dr. Peabody, the advisory chairman. Association 0 f Community Case asked them (Leon Freeman says in The American He- For two years the committee Chests and Councils. The 206 brew) to write on religions other has arranged for great mission- campaigns already completed ary leaders, representing all than their own. evangelical denominations and have raised $67,865,808, com- nearly every field in the world, pared with aggregate goals of Most of the children have only to go through Florida with their $67,102,223, or 101.1 per cent of a vague association of external message. The effect has been practices of religion. They form beyond the hopes of the commit- their goals. For the normal generalizations from children tee. Forty-five states were rep- year of 1928 the entire group they happen to know. resented in the registration list of chests then in existence raised last year. It has proved a tre- Italian girls ten or eleven mendous help to Florida church- only $67,000,000. This total inyears old, writing "all they es and to the mission cause. creased each year of the depres- knew" about the Jews, said: This year two more cities were sion until $82,000,000 was ob- added, Palm Beach and J ackson- tained in 1931. With 185 cities They eat matzoths, cabbage, fish, ville. The Assemblies began in still to report or to hold their regular campaigns after Januaand pickles; they believe in Moses' ry 1, it is expected that when they eat from gold waonrdk;silsvoemreplJaetews~' the results are tabulated a recand don't like to ord of $100,000,000 will have been made. hate God; when they pray they touch their beards and say, "Baba la About 30 per cent of the sum Frisca," which means "We praise, thee, 0 Lord." raised last year by 391 Commu- nity Chests went for unemploy- Some Jewish boys wrote about Miami January 16, and went on ment relief. People who have Christians: been less affected by the depres- to Palm Beach, St. Petersburg, sion are giving generously. They eat bacon, ham and other Tampa, Clearwater, Orlando, things that are not kosher; they go to church on Sunday; Christmas is DeLand, and closed in J ackson- ville February 5.

their favorite holiday; they pray in The leaders included Dr. Rob- Relief for Coal Miners front of a cross and take their hats ert E. Speer, Rev. H. W. Myers, Starvation conditions, with off in church; the Prodisens made the of Japan; Mr. and Mrs. Swine- thousands of children under- Ku-Klux Klan; Jesus is their father, hart, of Korea; Dr. Lee Vroo- and the Christians copied the Bible from the Jews and translated it into man, of the International Col- nom:ished, lacking medical and English. lege, Turkey, and Princess Ata· hospital care and unable to go to S 0 m e Protestant children lea, of the Chickasaw Indian school because of lack of clothsummed up their knowledge of tribe. ing, and unsanitary and dilapi- the Catholics, thus: The forum had as its topic dated housing conditions, are Catholics say prayers with their "The Price of Safety," with found in the bituminous coal beads; the head of all the church IS daily periods: (1) National areas of West Virginia and Ken- the Pope, and he lives in a beautiful Safety; (2) International Safe.. tucky, according to the investipalace and people go from all over the ty; (3) Safeguards for Youth; gation made by the American world to kiss his hand. The Catholics worship idols. When they are in (4) Safeguards for the Church Friends Service Committee and chul'ch they get down on their knees and Its Missions. the Commission of the Federal [1'17]

Council of Churches. The severe were fr.om North Europe and they Mexicans Returning Home hardship is accentuated because brought an increase in Lutheran and of bank failures, low wages, un- Irish Catholic churches. Following a movement of the employment and over-developed Mexican people in Texas to reconditions of the coal industry The third period begins with 1890 turn to their native land, apwith cut-throat competition. The and c.ontinues to the World War. Dur- proximately 1,600 crossed the church investigators state that ing this period our immigrants were border at Laredo in one day of many well-meaning employers from southern and eastern Europe January. The Mexican governhave been caught and squeezed and they established an increased ment furnished transportation by this competition so that they, number of Italian, Polish and Bohe- to their homes on the other side. too, are unable to pay living mian Catholic churches and Jewish The reason is the same as that wages. Such conditions ought synagogues. which brought them into the not to exist in civilized America. S tat e s-economic conditions. The fourth period is from the World During the World War they Students for World Friendship War to the present time. The new- came by the hundreds to supply comers are from rural America, in- Sir Wilfred Grenfell an- cluding an increased number of Ne- the increased demand for labornounces the organization of a groes, Mexicans and rural whites. The ers at three times the wages society of college and secondary largest Protestant church is now a they were receiving at home. school students to study foreign Negro Baptist church of from twelve Now many prefer to face hunger affairs and promote interna- in their home land rather than tional goodwill. The new or- to fourteen thousand members. starve in the United States. In August last year only 139 Mexiganization is to be known as the The issue facing the Protest- cans entered the United States, all of them students or former North Atlantic Students League ant churches is "Can the Protof International Cooperation, estant churches by cooperative residents. and will embrace secondary planning accomplish what the Roman Catholics accomplish by centralized administration?" C h u r c h e s are succeeding which take account of the needs of their communitie&.

schools, high schools, colleges Color Lines in Methodism LATIN AMERICA and universities of the United States, Canada, Newfoundland An important move of the re- Liberal Movements in Colombia and England. It will function cent ecumenical conference of under the auspices of the Yale the Methodists in Atlanta, Geor- Many people are interested in Round Table of International gia, was the banishing of the the political situation in Colom- Relations and of the Connecticut color line from the sessions. bia, frequently referred to as Secondary Schools Society. Its The Southern Methodist Church "The New Liberal Movement." activity will be "studying for- acted as host and the delegates eign affairs and p'romoting in- were largely southern white peo- About seventy-five years ago telligent and friendly interna- ple, yet white and black dele- it was due to the temporary suc- gates sat together in the meet- cess of one of these movements tional relations between North ings on a basis of equality. "At- that citizens of Colombia invited American nations and all na- lanta made good in the matter of the Presbyterian Board of Fortions of the world." seeing to it that no discrimina- eign Missions to send missiona- tion was allowed," reports one ries with the Gospel. The move- Sir Wilfred recognizes a Negro Methodist leader. This is ment had to rest on illiteracy growing need that North Atlan- one of the most hopeful facts and superstition, as only a small tic nations shall work in har- noted in the South in recent percentage of the people were mony for world peace and years and is to the credit of literate. friendly international relation- Methodist leaders and the people ship. In the present situation it is quite different. There is now a . Chicago Religious Survey of Atlanta. One group of dele- public school system covering Dr. Arthur E. Holt, Professor gates discussed "Wider Human most of the territory of its fourof Social Ethics at Chicago Theological Seminary, has re- Relationships," and sought to in- teen states and even reaching cently completed a report of a clude in the convention's find- out into the larger municipaliunited religious survey of the ings provision for study of such ties of its six territories. Then city. Chicago, says this report, was settled in four epochs, color problems as exist in the there are the evangelical churchdominated by different racial East Indies, South Africa, the es with their numerous evangelistocks. Philippines and Haiti, as well as cal schools, including some of In the first epoch, from 1833 to in the United States. A resolu- the largest and best educational 1850, the old American stock came tion calling for action on these institutions on that continent, brin~ng Met hod.i s t, Presbyterian, giving instruction in secular and BaptIst, CongregatIOnal and Episco- issues was ruled out of order bv the chairman on the ground that Bible subjects to hundreds and palian churches. This stock is now thousands of children, young the findings could not include men and young women every found quite largely in the suburbs or reference to "specific evils." year. along the lake front. Thus the church seems con- The second settlement was from tent to denounce race discrimi- This new movement is based nation in the abstract but avoids on progress. It stands first for 1860 to 1890, when the newcomers dealing with "specific evils." international friendship, then

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

freedom of religion, freedom in to which the convicts have sunk. sickness, sin and superstition. education, freedom of the press Political influence and public Medical advice and treatment and freedom for the laboring apathy have proved too strong are given free to all who are unclass. But these very principles for humanitarian sentiment, and able to pay for them, irrespecset forth by the liberals are little has been done to alleviate tive of creed.

largely in the background of conditions. Now the Salvation Evangelistic services are con- the thinking and the desires of Army is to commence its work ducted during dispensary hours.

the leading conservatives. A and will bring the one remedial The vestibule and waiting room few days after President Olaya Force that can avail to lift these easily accommodates sixty per- was elected one of the leading men out of the fearful pit sons. Seated in the waiting conservative dailies said, "It is through the love and the grace room are those who have come time for the State Church to of God. The prayers of the in spite of opposition to seek adleave politics alone, let the gov- Christian public will go with vice and treatment.

ernment take care of material these soldiers who storm this Striking examples of the use- things, and let the church rule grim citadel of evil. fulness and abiding influence of in spiritual things." the mission have been met and A Negro Methodist Nurse for EUROPE testimonies from men, women and young people certify that Bolivia Young People in England the teaching was the means of Despite the slowing down in "In nearly forty years of leading them to fuller and more missionary activities, the Meth- Christian service," declared the scriptural knowledge of Christ. odist Episcopal Church has sent Rev. W. Charter Piggott of the out another missionary-Miss Congregational Union, "I have Scattered throughout the Lula Mae Allen-as a nurse to never been more attracted, chalengage in village nursing in In- lenged, quickened than by the world today there are many who dian communities near La Paz, young people who are round witness to the emancipating Bolivia. Miss Allen is a Negress about our churches today. I like power of the Gospel they learned and is the first member of her their independence and their race t(} be commissioned by a daring. And I am glad in the at the Medical Mission. Nor white church for missionary feeling that they are not to be are the activities of the Mission work in a part of the world . won by a religion which is cheap confined to the Dispensary, for a good work is being done in the homes of the people and in the surrounding districts.

other than Africa. In addition and easy, that does not answer Jesuits Expelled from Spain to her training as a nurse and their questions and their doubts experience as a supervising and make some real attempt to Pursuing her policy of putting nurse, Miss Allen has had spe- tackle the problems of life." an end to the activities of the cial preparation in a training Roman Catholic orders in Spain, school for Christian workers. A Scottish Forward Movement the government has now ordered the confiscation of the monas- The Salvation Army on Devil's The recent union of the two teries owned by the Society of Island leading Scottish Presbyterian Jesus, and will no longer permit churches is not to end with the the Jesuits to operate collective- Devil's Island is well named. ecclesiastical union. The new ly within the RepUblic. Found- In an interview with a corre- "Forward Movement" originally ed by Ignatius Loyola in 1534, spondent of The Tononto Globe, was for an advance in foreign the Society became the most General Higgins of the Salvation missions only, but its scope was powerful religious body in the Army revealed something of the widened later to include the world. They were expelled from plan for the amelioration of the home field. Twelve commissions Spain in 1767, but were allowed conditions in the colony. "Con- were appointed to consider the to return after a time. The orditions in French Guiana are be- responsibilities, opportunities, der is credited with having yond description," he said. "The and resources of the Church of about $100,000,000 of assets in rep 0 r t s which our officers Scotland. "The Call of the Spain, but the real property, brought back can never be pub- Church" gives the findings of which alone can be seized, is lished. If a hundredth part of these commissions which were rated at $30,000,000. The govwhat is said in the reports be reported to a Church Congress ernment action shows the extent true, French Guiana is nothing in Glasgow, where they were to which liberal forces have less than hell on earth." The discussed in addresses that made come into power. Salvation Army plans to open a profound impression on the work there and hopes to effect 2.500 delegates attending from Medical Missions in Portugal improvement. all parts of the country. Although there never was a Again and again the con- Limerick Medical Mission medical mission in Portugal unscience of France has been til last year, evangelical work stirred by reports from Guiana The Limerick Medical Mis- among the Portuguese began telling of conditions there, and sion of the Irish Church Mission with the efforts of a medical the unspeakable degradation in- continues to operate against missionary, Dr. Robert Reid

Kalley, who went to Madeira in were converted to Evangelical was the spirit of friendship and 1838 on account of his wife's health, learned Portuguese, un- faith. The authorities, unwill- desire to cooperate which chardertook medical missionary ing to recognize the new spirit acterized the meetings. Such a work and started Christian schools. Opposition of the of tolerance abroad in Italy, en- conference is certain to advance priests in 1846 compelled Dr. Kalley and several hundred deavored to get the law to sup- the cause of peace in this diffi- Evangelicals to flee, and for 21 years he served in Brazil. port the Claim the Papal Church cult part of Europe.

About one year ago the Lisbon makes that such persons must Medical Mission was founded by Dr. Alan G. Bodman of Great ever remain Romanists, and that AFRICA Britain. Dependence for all no change of religion shall be needs of the work is placed on prayer and the second year's recognized. When the case was Real Famine in Egypt work starts with twenty-five believers, several of whom are tak- called, these Evangelicals, some This is not a famine of bread ing a share in the work. such as was in the time of J 0- educated and some ignorant, re- seph, though poverty still Church Decline in Germany sponded to the charge with a public testimony of their faith, abounds in the Nile Valley. The During the last few years, leaving their accusers discom- serious poverty today is due to a church membership in Germany, especially in Berlin, has shown fited. The case had powerful re- famine of the Bread of Life. In a decline. The reason is chiefly the Delta of Egypt alone there the economic depression and verberations throughout Italy. the consequent poverty. The state claims twenty per cent of Awakening in Czechoslovakia are over 250 towns, besides hunevery income, and the church dreds of smaller villages, where another ten per cent. For many this is impossible. In 1927, 36,- One of the remarkable relig- there are none to tell of Christ's 700 members of the 3,000,000 ious movements of modern Way of Life-and where ignorbelonging to the Protestant Church in Berlin, laid down times was the revolution that ance, superstition, disease, povtheir membership. In 1928 the number increased to 46,000; in took place in Czechoslovakia in erty and demoralizing sin 1929 to 50,500, and in 1930 to 59,300. The Roman Catholic 1918, which has led to spiritual abound. church figures are in proportion. reformation and industrial re- When the first American mis- Of the 400,000 Roman Catholics in Berlin, 4,500 resigned mem- vival. In a few years over a sionaries, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas bership in 1927, 5,600 in 1928, 6,600 in 1929, and 6,800 in 1930. million Catholics left the Church McCayne, landed in Alexandria In Berlin, there are about 177,- 000 Jews, of whom about 560 of Rome and Czechoslovakia is seventy-seven years ago, they break their connection with the synagogue every year. During now one of the most vigorous met with fierce opposition from the last five years, 260,700 Protestants, 30,400 Rom a n and progressive of European the four million Moslems and Catholics, and 3,410 Jews have left their respective churches. nations. In 1914, its very name· half a million Copts. Now there Can Italians Change Faith? was unknown. In 1918, it had is a strong Evangelical Church Last October, four women and won international recognition in Egypt with 20,000 members. eight men from the Abruzzi district in Italy were called before and today its statesmen boast of But there are today in the Valthe chief magistrate to answer a national progress and prosper- ley of the Nile 13,000,000 Mosfor having described themselves as Protestant Christians instead ity which has not been sur- lems and 900,000 Copts-over of Roman Catholics in the re- passed. Its spiritual advance is three-fourths the number found cent national census. They had shown by the fact that the pow- there in 1860. Faced with this been baptized Catholics, but er of the priesthood has been growing problem Christians broken, and hundreds of priests need to throb with new life- themselves have seceded. The the life of the Spirit of God. awakening of the spirit of the Reformation has led to an ag- A Moslem Defends Christians gressive evangelism, not brought Ali Saif en Nasr, the son of about by any organized Protes- a wealthy and devout Moslem chief in the Fayoum Oasis, came tant propaganda, but the result of the spontaneous desire of the to the American University at people to bear witness to the Cairo in 1923, with the express reality of a new religion and a understanding on his part that determination to spread evan- he would not submit to Chris- gelical Christianity. tian "propaganda."

Balkan Friendship Conference Four years passed, with Ali becoming increasingly active in An important movement for dormitory social life, athletics international friendship and co- and college activities in general, operation is the second Balkan till he became the student cheer conference, held in Constantin- leader and a prophet of sports- ople in November. This brought manship. He had forgotten his together delegates from Al- hostile attitude in daily and Sun- bania, Bulgaria, Greece, Jugo- day chapel which are a part of slavia, Roumania and Turkey. the college life to which he was The principal positive ad- devoted. vance made by the conference In 1928 he wandered one eve-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ning into a downtown mass said that he too had been a very New Sahara Exploration meeting of 500 Sheikhs of the bad man, and at the time the Azhar and listened to an im- Bangwanas raided the country Dugald Campbell, F. R. G. S., passioned declaration of hate he had a brother killed. He of Scotland, a former co-misagainst Christianity followed by joined the Bangwanas and went sionary with the late Dan Crawa riotous clamor to persecute with them to other tribes and ford, recently completed a jourany and all converts to Chris- raided them. "We killed many ney of 5,000 miles from the Attianity. As the air grew heavy people, and divided their bodies lantic to the Red Sea. He has with imprecations and threats, amongst the women of the vil- now started upon another ex- Ali protested with his nearest lages," and he of course had his pedition which will probably neighbors against intolerance share. As I looked at these one occupy him for the next three and bigotry. He was threatened time cannibals, can you wonder years. From Tripoli he will go with canes and taunted with be- that my heart sang for joy that through a large number of the ing a Christian. He jumped to Christ can touch these folk and oases in Tripolitania, will visit his feet, proclaiming his name lift them from this awful degra- the Tibesti Mountains, and after and family, known well to all dation? scattering the Bible among and shouted: some of the wildest tribes of the -Mrs.llarrison. interior of the Sahara, he hopes "Are you animals to fight to reach Algeria. with your claws? Shame on New Station at Boyulu you. Cannot our religion per- A Century in Madagascar suade of its own self? If not, The Unevangelized Fields Mislet us be converted to anything sion" which carries on work in The Malagasy Church is 100 that will make us gentlemen. I Amazonia and Central Asia, years old. On June 5th, the am a Moslem, but there is no hopes soon to open work in Cen- centenary was observed. Numuse being a Moslem unless we tral Africa. Boyulu is a large bered among the first twenty can conduct ourselves with ordi- unevangelized field, and is unoc- baptized Christians was Rasanary Christian courtesy." cupied by any other evangelical lama, the first Christian martyr missionary society. Medical in Madagascar. On the site of He barely escaped assault and work has been started with the first church building, which his disgust and wrath found ex- gratifying results. The people became a prison during the long pression in words that had best show a keen desire to hear the persecution, stands the present be forgotten. But he had Word of God, which has already fine Martyr Memorial Church of learned the lesson of Gamaliel: been translated into the inter- Ambatonakanga. At one of the that truth and courtesy must tribal language. The people con- services of the commemoration rule though the heavens (Mos- tinually ask for more instruc- interesting mementos of early lem or Christian) fall. tion. days were shown, Rasalama's box in which she kept her Bible, -The Moslem World. Lovedale Activities the first Communion Plate and early copies of the first printed Cannibals Won to Christ Young Africans are being Malagasy scriptures. trained in many ways by Love- An old man with a white dale Institute. Work parties, or- Where one small wooden beard at a Christian meeting in ganized for afternoons, are en- building represented the early the Western Sudan is a very un- gaged in planting and rearing church, now hundreds of towusual sight. Later he said that trees, in orchard work, in road ers and spires all over Imerina while he was young his relations construction. One group built a testify to the power of the Gossent him to another tribe where suspension bridge across the pel, while the first twenty baphe learned to beat a call to war. river Tyumie, and also worked tized members have grown to They marched to a neighboring at a hall for wayfarers. Car- tens and even hundreds of thoutribe and overcame their en- pentry, blacksmithing, shoemak- sands. emies. When asked what he did ing, farming, forestry, domestic with those who were killed, he science, the training of nurses, WESTERN ASIA said, "I ate them"! are all carried on. The Institu- tion Church reports that the Turkey and the Mission Schools Sometime later he heard that number seeking admission to a white man had come to teach full church membership was the The Turkish newspaper Son them about God. This old man's highest in memory-no fewer Posta, September 29, 1931, pubface lit up when he said the than seventy-six were admitted lished an article which shows white man was Bwana Muku- in one day, while others who clearly that the attitude of the bwa (Mr. Charles Studd) who were considered worthy were re- Turkish Government to mission told him that if he repented and ferred to their home congrega- schools is definitely hostile: followed Jesus he would be tions for various reasons. saved. He believed and has nev- "According to the Lausanne er gone back since. A number The school draws its pupils Treaty the right of missionaries of people had gathered, and from many races-Xosa, Basuto, to carry on educational work in after the ex-cannibal had fin- Bechuana, Zulu and Indian. Turkey ended this year. The ished speaking another man government could have abol-

ished all these missionary insti- Turkestan, who have left their The marriage of a Persian woman tutions. But this would have homes because of religious and to a foreigner shall take place only brought a crisis, as there are not economic disabilities enforced with the permission of the governsufficient schools for all the chil- upon them by the Soviet regime. ment. Penalty for disobedience is imdren. In order to avoid this the About thirty of these Turkestan prisonment from one year to three Ministry of Education has de- Moslems are in Delhi. years. cided to act gradually toward this abolition. Religious restrictions began A Milestone in Persia with the banning of all religious "The Ministry has adopted teaching in schools and, as Mos- When Moore Science Hall two new measures against these cow's influence grew, spread was begun recently on the foreign schools. First, Turkish until Korans and other religious grounds of the American College children will not be allowed to books were seized. In order to at Teheran, within the cornerreceive their primary education prev~nt attendance at mosque, stone was deposited a copy of in these schools. Second, the the authorities imposed high the Bible in Persian. This siguniversity will not accept the taxes on all worshippers, while nifies the conviction of those rediplomas of these institutions preachers and leaders who re- sponsible for the college that the without examination. This will belled against these measures word of God and the principles lessen the number of students were imprisoned, shot or sent to and truths therein set forth are in the upper classes of the for- Moscow and never heard of the real foundations, the true eign institutions. The graduates again. cornerstone of the institution. of these institutions usually go This is the first building ever to Europe or America for ad- Moslem children are com- erected in Persia exclusively for vanced study. pelled to attend schools where the teaching of the sciences and atheism is preached, and they so it is a milestone in the de- "The harm of the missionary are taught to despise the faith of velopment of modern education schools is evident. These must their parents. Islamic marriages in this land. somehow be restricted. We ex- were declared illegal, and all pect the government will take wishing to be married must go Schools that Make Christians steps at least to limit the harm through a secular ceremony at done to our children." which a non-Moslem Soviet of- "Two Christians are on our ficial officiated. teaching staff," writes a Presby- -The Moslem World. terian missionary in Persia, Passports are refused to those "one of whom is in charge of re- Radio in a Mosque who wish to go on pilgrimages, ligious instruction in the first and fasting for religious r,easons four grades. The other, a more For the first time in Islamic is made a punishable offense. recent convert, has in times past history a radio microphone has been more of a problem than a been installed in a Turkish Christians and Jews are also help, but this year she has mosque–the Santa Sophia, one subjected to every conceivable shown such remarkable developof the most famous religious edi- form of indignity to make them ment in character that we look fices in Turkey. Mustapha forego their religion. to her as a strong future asset. Kemal has directed that the radio services be chanted from New Marriage Laws in Persia "A prominent Moslem ecclesithe newly adopted Turkish astic has been attacked bitterly Koran by twenty-five clergy- The following laws, passed by by a fellow Moslem for senumen. This is a notable depar- the Persian Parliament, con- ing his daughters to our school. ture from ancient custom in re- stitute the new law to be put into 'Don't you realjze they are foolligious service effected by the execution immediately: ing you? They are making progressive Turkish president Christians out of your children. this year. The Arabic Koran, Marriage shall not take place be- Is this worthy of a descendant always unintelligible to the lay- tween those who are not physically of the Prophet?' 'Well,' replied man, was replaced early in J an- fit to marry. the old father, 'perhaps. But at uary in some Istanbul mosque any rate the American School is by a Turkish translation. Penalty is imprisonment for from the only school in town that one year to three years. teaches my girls anything about The Soviet and Moslems in life.' " Turkestan If anybody deceives the one whom he or she wishes to marry, he or she INDIA AND BURMA The Statesman, Calcutta, In- will be imprisoned from six months dia, gives an account of religious to two years. An Ominous Situation persecutions carried on against the Mohammedans of Turke- Men who wish to marry shall in- Rioting in Delhi, disorders in stan. form the one in charge of ceremonies, Bengal, a Moslem split from the and those whom they want to marry, Hindu stand for independence Keen interest is being aroused about their previous wives. Deceit in and an uprising in Kashmir among North India Moslems by this matter is punishable by the above followed Gandhi's return to Inan influx into the Panjab and dia and his declaration that he Delhi of Moslems from Eastern mentioned punishment. Men shall support their wives. In case they refuse to give them food, clothing and shelter their wives may appeal to the courts.

A lady can use her own property without the permission of her hus- band.

A Moslem woman is forbidden to marry a non-Moslem man.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

would not flinch in sacrificing dred and fifty thousand a year, or a (11) Her greatest detestation the lives of a million people to steady unbroken addition of over and abhorrence is- (a) The purchase the liberty of India. twelve thousand every month of those who are publicly accepting Jesus Christian doctrine of God found- P rim e Minister MacDonald Christ as their Lord and Saviour. ed upon the life of the historic made a most outspoken statement concerning the Indian sit- Twenty years ago, the late Sir Christ. This is an offense to the Narayan Chandavarkar to I d philosophic Hindu, who holds uation, describing it as most de- Christian workers in India: plorable and denouncing Indian "The process of the conversion that eternal truth cannot be agitators in vigorous terms. He of India to Christ may not be based on an historical event. going on as rapidly as you hope, (b) The Christian doctrine of said that recent disorders on the nevertheless, I say, India is benorthwest frontier and in Ben- ing converted; the ideas that lie the Atonement is also a stumbgal did not represent a "baffled at the heart of the Gospel are ling bl?ck to Hindu thought, beand oppressed Indian struggling slowly, but surely, permeating cause It appears as a denial of every part of Hindu society, and the law o~ Karma whereby every to be "free," but "a mischievous modifying every phase of Hindu ~an receIves. the reward or punmovement trampling in its own thought." Ishment of hIS own actions. (c) self-will upon Indian progress." The idea of a suffering god is re- He was of the opinion that the There are veteran mission- pugnan! to. H~ndu thought, for people who had been working aries who say that if the politi- they thmk It mconceivable that cal questions now in turmoil are any ripple of emotion should dismany years for the enfranchise- successfully adjusted, so that ment of India must share in the the message of Jesus Christ is turb the serenity of eternal bliss. government's regret, and said no longer handicapped by the fact that He is so closely asso- College Not Boycotted . that every Indian who cares for ciated with Western ideas, the his motherland must see in these whole process of bringing India Rev. C. Herbert Rice, presi- to Him will go forward at an recent events the hand of a immensely accelerated pace. dent of Ewing Christian College spirit of mischief rather than Lahore, writes: ' that of a spirit of emancipation. An Array of Stumbling Blocks "I wish you could have been The arrest of Mr. Gandhi and A writer in The Indian Wit- ness offers a number of reasons here during the days of admis. other leaders of the Nationalist why India withholds allegiance Party, and the declaration by to Christ. sions to see the crowds of stuthe viceroy of a firm policy to (1) India has been hesitating dents seeking to be taken into maintain order, should lead In- because she thinks that if she acdians to seek a patient and cepts Christ she will have to ac- the college. It is haastatthisefacocltlioegn~ peaceful means of attaining cept Western civilization which at least, to know t self-government. she hates. (2) She has not wit- nessed the real life of Jesus in is not being boycotted after our His followers. (3) She proudly boasts of her past philosophy first year here! They swarmed intellectualism and ancestrai customs and traditions. (4) She all over the place, accompanied has been absorbing or assimilat- Encouragement from the Census ing and has lacked in elimina- by fathers, uncles, or guardians, tion. (5) Her method of accom- The official figures for the modation and the genius of ad- who came along to plead with dition. (6) From time immemonew government census will be rial India has been polytheistic the powers that be, to take in and now it is hard for her to be encouraging to those who are monotheistic. (7) Her pride in their sons. Many hundreds I the Vedas and the Rishis that making sacrifices for the spread she considers to be the oldest in should think-had to be turned the world. (8) Her imagination of Christianity. Although the has been fed purely on obscure away owing to lack of room and contemplation and mythological figures are not complete (Bur- deities. (9) She is satisfied with facilities. It is a strange sight a slight glimmering of God and mese Christians, Buddhists and is unwilling to witness fun effuI"" to see bearded fathers-some gence. (10) She judges Chris- Tribal Faiths are missing) the tianity through the British offi- ex-soldiers – actually weeping cers whom she calls despots. tabulation is as follows: tears, as they plead to have their Per Cent sons admitted, in spite of the 1931 1921 Increase verdict that 'there is absolutely Population tnhoismios rteherooonmly'!colTlehgeeywshaey~e'Bmuyt . . . . .• 352,986,876 318,942,480 10.6 Hindus 238,330,912 216,734,586 10 boy can get the moral training, Moslems 77,743,928 68,735,233 13.1 the excellent quality of scientific Sikhs .. 4,306,442 3,238,803 33 studies, and the personal atten- Christians 5,961,794 4,496,958 32.6 Jains .. 1,205,235 1,178,596 2 tion which I want him to have.

Parsees 106,973 101,778 5 I beseech you to let him in, for Jews. . . 20,984 21,778 you can do anything if you will!'

The Rev. J. F. Edwards, a Many had to be turned away, leading missionary, says: and we looked forward to the The figures mean that in a decade, day when we can accommodate when the increase in India's popula- more of these really earnest tion was unusually large, the rate of young fellows. As it is, we are increase in the number of Christians was more than three times the in- full to overflowing with about crease in the general population. The 650 here at the Intermediate increase of nearly a million and a half in ten years means nearly one hun- College, in addition to about 600 more in the High School on the

same campus-and more than resolution number five, the phrase, "A Christians in China to find a constitutional episcopate," is not used 100 advanced students are at the as a synonym for the historic epis- peaceful solution. The China University College Department." copate. Council promptly sent a sympa- thetic response. The Japanese Hopeful Signs in India India's Home Mission Society Fellowship of Reconciliation Rev. C. Stanley Vaughan The first organized mission- also communicated with the Felwrites from India: "We have a ary endeavor of the Anglo-In- lowship of Reconciliation in more hopeful outlook in the dian community is through the church. I have been in every Home Missionary Society. Its China. one of our local councils and objects are to help forward In- Japanese Christian leaders in have everywhere seen signs of dia's evangelization, and to progress. In one place a new promote the development of An- Tokyo called at the Foreign Ofcongregation is added, the fruit glo-Indian communities. Activof one of the Bates evangelists; ities sponsored by the society in- fice and on the political editors in another region, an effort is clude a Children's Home at and owners of leading newspabeing made to improve our vil- Coonoor where there are at pres- pers and requested editorials lage schools; in another an ent 39 destitute girls; Loan that would promote a friendly heroic response to the financial Scholarship Funds; a Magazine needs; in one the contributions Fund and evangelistic work settlement with China. A genof last year have been doubled. among non-Christians. It is eral meeting of Churchmen and To double their rupee contribu- hoped that a Boys' Home, simi- leaders in the peace organization'S means that they have quad- lar to the one for girls may soon rupled their contribution in be established. tion was also held in Tokyo, but grain and all sorts of farm produce." "Village of the New Day" the Japanese Government is evi- dently in control of the milita- An All-India United Church Ushagram in Bengali is an experiment in Methodist mis- rists. In the midst of the disturbed sions. It was begun in 1919 and The New York Times reported political situation, the move- represents a cooperative effort ment toward Christian unity in on the part of the Woman's For- that twenty-five Chinese and for- India is making progress and eign Society and the Board of eign Christian leaders, reprehas recently grown too large to Foreign Missions. It is an exbe limited to the formation of periment in human adjustments, senting all denominations of the a United Church of South India. an adaption of average possibili- Protestant churches in North ties to the business of living. Christian Church and including four Roman Catholics, partici- pated with General Chiang Kai- shek in one of the most unusual gatherings in the history of re- publican China when they con- ferred with him and joined in devotional services, praying for a settlement of the Manchurian dispute.

India have asked for a united Ushagram-"Village of the New Flood Affected 50,000,000 church for the entire country. Day"-is patterned on existing As a result, representatives of Indian villages, but introduces A map of the flooded regions features most essential to In- of China, part of which was the both north and south India met dia's future-the cooperative result of the aerial survey made in Nagpur in November and store, the savings bank, a water by Col. and Mrs. Lindbergh, system, cooperative industries shows that the total area of seriunanimously adopted a series of and cultural development. ously flooded regions is 34,000 resolutions to govern the future square miles, exclusive of lakes. Toward three ideals, the At least 8,000 square miles of writing of formal instruments workers in this "Village of the less seriously flooded areas have of union. These representa- New Day" are striving-Better not been indicated on the map. tives included Baptists, Quak- Homes, Better Villages, Better It is estimated that 50,000,000 Citizens. persons have been directly afers, W e s ley a n Methodists, fected, of whom millions are ut- American Methodists, members CHINA terly destitute., of the United Church of north- Oriental Attempts to Avert War The Nanking government ern India and the South India United Church and Anglicans, so that the importance of this achievement is clear. The cru- cial resolutions read: Christians in both China and asked leading medical schools in That, with regard to the type of Japan have made earnest efforts China to suspend their activities organization that may ultimately to promote a peaceful settlement for three months in order to reprove acceptable for a united church of the Far East controversy. The of India, this conference records its first move seems to have been lease their faculties and adopinion that this would be found taken by Mr. Ebisawa, secretary through the general adoption of a con- vanced students for work among the victims of the floods. . stitutional episcopate responsible to of the National Christian Coun- The present forces are not representative assemblies and synods, cil of Japan, who cabled at once in a form that would comprehend, so to the National Christian Coun- sufficient to cope with the giganfar as practicable, the advantages of tic task ahead of them. It is the the Episcopal, Presbyterian and Con- cil of China that Japanese Chris- conviction of Dr. J. Heng Liu gregational modes of government. In tians would cooperate with director of the Department of

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Hygiene and Sanitation, that the lieved of most of the possessions drew about 700 delegates repreexperience in such preventative they had with them. In Kansu, senting every province in China public health activity will be val- the Moslems have again been except one. At the same time uable both to staff and students. causing trouble in the north- a conference for Christian work- east of the province. They car- ers was being held in Soochow, New C. I. M. Headquarters ried out their threat and killed where the principal speaker was all the inhabitants they could Gen. Chang Tsi Kiang, prob- Last June dedicatory services find within thirteen miles of the ably the strongest Christian were held for the new head- city of Liangtang. On Septem- character in Chinese military quarters of the C. I. M. in ber 25 Miss Ivy Dix wrote that circles today, who has contrib- Shanghai. About three hundred the city of Hweihsien was at- uted about $10,000 toward the friends attended. The new build- tacked by brigands. The north- work of the American Bible Soing contains space for mission- ern section of the city, where ciety. aries, administrative headquar- the China Inland Mission premters, residential flats for the ises are situated, was the only He gave an impassioned apstaff, and hospital facilities. In part not looted. These incidents peal for the preaching of the addition there is a Chinese show how widespread banditry Gospel of salvation through chapel and a hostel for Chinese is, and how great is the need to Christ. The president of the guests. The old property had re-establish law and order college is an earnest Christian so increased in value since it throughout the country. and one of the graduates, who was built over forty years ago, plans to devote his life to Christhat the proceeds of its sale cov- -Ja'n'l.es Stark, Secretary of tian work, said that he did not ered the purchase of the greater the China Inland Mission. want any mission help because part of the new site and the he was a grown man with a erection of the main buildings. Hainan Anniversary good education and ought to be The Mission now has organized able to support himself. national centers in Great Bri- Hainan Mission celebrated the tain, the U. S. A., Canada and fiftieth anniversary of its be- Christian Martyrs Unafraid Australia, each with its auxili- ginning last autumn. It was in ary centers, in addition to eleven 1869 that a Danish sea captain Mr. and Mrs. R. W. Porteous Associate Mission centers in named Carl C. J eremiassen came of the China Inland Mission re- Germany, 'Switzerland, Sweden, to China to work for the Canton port the martyrdom of some Norway, Denmark and Finland. provincial authorities, pursuing Christians in one of their out- The Mission has also nearly pirates and smugglers. He came stations. When led out to be three hundred central stations in in contact with Christianity, executed, one of the leaders China. gave up his service with the called out to his brethren, "Don't government and started work as be afraid, I firmly believe that Bandit Activities in China an independent missionary in before the axe touches our necks Formosa. His experience there our spirits will be with the In Kiangsi bandit and com- showed him the need of medical Lord !" Some were offered life munist activity still prevents training, so he went to study un- if they would deny the Lord, but the reoccupation of our evac- der Dr. J. G. Kerr in Canton. they chose death. The remainuated stations. Miss H. M. His sea voyages having shown ing Christians in that outstation, Duncan, writing last November him the great need in the Island still occupied by the Reds, meet from Changshan in Chekiang of Hainan, he began to tell the secretly to worship God when- Province, just over the border message of his Lord and Mas- ever they can. Many other from northeast Kiangsi, says: ter, there alone, unaided except Christians in Kiangsi are living "The Red army is menacing the for his colporteur. Today the under the same conditions. station sixteen miles away. It Protestant churches of Hainan When Pastor Eo-yang wrote he is reported that the Reds are at- number n ear I y 5,000, with and five other brethren were tempting to get out of Kiangsi, churches, Sunday schools and starting out on an evangelistic where fighting, looting, and tak- hospitals. tour in an unevangelized secing captive is still their work. tion of the Yuanchow district. Owing to these conditions, and Encouraging Developments acting on the strong advice of Conditions in central and the Chinese, we are refraining The Rev. Charles W. Worth south Kiangsi Province are still from visiting these outstations." of the Southern Presbyterian far from satisfactory. Mission, Kiangyin, writes sever- In the province of Honan, Mr. al interesting and encouraging Traveling Christian Exhibit and Mrs. H. E. N. Ledgard 'have facts. Time was when all confound it necessary to retire to ferences were planned, led and During the past winter an ex- Yencheng owing to an attack by financed by missionaries, but hibit of books and posters on rebrigands on Shangtsai. In more and more the missionary ligious education and evangel- Shensi, Mr. and Mrs. W. J. has no other responsibility than ism to promote the Five-Year Michel, when traveling by boat, to attend, if he chooses. Recent- Movement has been shown in were held up by bandits and re- ly, a conference in 'Shanghai different cities, including Can- ton, Hangchow, Hankow and other important centers. The

exhibit is divided into twelve asm ran high, many regarding 11. There are problems of villages sections, and includes materials that meeting as the birthplace of with special clans or groups. on religious education in the the Japanese Student Christian home, the school and the church; movement. Since then every 12. There are frequent instances on religious art, religious pag- year has seen the crowd grow- where whole villages quarrel eantry and plays; church music, ing smaller, until this year in with other villages over the dithe thousand character move- Central Methodist Tabernacle vision of water rights. ment, Christian magazines, post- not more than 150 attended to ers and tracts. Wherever shown hear Dr. Yoshimune Abe, presi- 13. Occasionally we find traces of the exhibit has aroused keen in- dent of the National Y. M. C. A. old-fashioned sex customs beterest. Council, dean of Aoyama Theol- tween the young men and wom- ogical School. This marked de- en. JAPAN-CHOSEN cline in student interest in such a significant annual service is 14. The division of the population Youth and the Church causing leaders of youth in of the village into groups by Japan much serious thought. sex and age produces a pecu- The Christian Missionary liar atmosphere in the social Federation in Japan passed the The Rural-Social Problem life. following resolution regarding Youth and the C h r i s t ian The task of the religious 15. As a rule the social life is lack- Church: worker is the enlightenment of ing in all kinds of cultural fa- society. The religious worker cilities. Observing that large sections of the youth of Japan outside the Christian should take note of the social We do not agree with all the Church are turning to Communism in aspect of the rural probem. Dr. above points. After all the their eagerness for social reform, and Nasu has pointed out (in The greatest problems are moral and feeling that earnest effort should be Japanese Christian Quarterly) religious-in any community. made to bring them into contact with fifteen characteristics of the the church, we recommend: rural social p,roblem. A Prize Life of Christ 1. That, while repudiating their 1. It is difficult to make the The first life of Jesus of Nazmethods of violence and their mate- schemes for solving the social areth written by a Japanese on rialistic philosophy, we, as Christians, problem of a radical character. purely original lines has recentview these young people with sym- ly appeared. It won a prize of pathy; that we make special efforts to 2. Private ownership of the means Yen 500 in a competition open understand them and to appreciate of production is never abro- to all Japanese pastors and their zeal and self-sacrificing devo- gated. teachers, in which there were tion; that in so far as they are ready twelve contestants. The judges to labor and sacrifice on behalf of the 3. There are many quarrels rela- were unanimous in giving the victims of the present social order, tive to the means of production award. The author said: we recognize that they have qualities and conditions governing the which might well be turned into leasing of land, (the problem For a long time I yearned to give channels of Christian faith and serv- of tenancy). the Japanese the life of Jesus in their ice; that we make a serious attempt own tongue. Seventy years have to clarify the points of agreement and 4. Because of the involved nature passed since Protestantism came to disagreement between their theories of the class composition of the Japan, but I think that Christianity and practice and those of a Christian farm in Community population, is not truly Japan's own possession social order. there is no clear or deep rooted as long as they have to understand class-distinction. Jesus in terms of foreign thought. 2. That we endeavor to show so- They must have it through their own cially-minded youth that, instead of 5. When trouble breaks out, the mother-milk, the Japanese language, being" indifferent to the cause of the reaction to the quarrel perme- not merely translations. underprivileged and oppressed, which ates every aspect of daily life youth has championed, the church re- and spreads over the whole For a long time I was interested gards this as being in reality a part community. Moreover the na- only in the higher critical study of the of its own responsibility, which, ture of the struggle is more Bible, but latterly I have realized the through its prophets it has always emotional t han intellectual, need of evangelical earnestness, if the recognized, but as a whole has inade- which may lead to grave conse- Christian message is to win its way quately faced. quences. among our people.

3. That we seek to set forth more 6. The social movement is in gen- A Korean "Foreign" Missionary clearly to youth the challenge, ad- eral passive, and seeks immeventure and demand for heroic devo- iliate profit, so that it lacks The Women's Missionary Sotion, of Christian living and of loyalty permanence. ciety of the Korean Presbyterto Christ. ian Church met in September at 7. The pressure of the problem of Onseiri, amid the beautiful scen- Y Student Work in Decline over-p,opulation is felt without ery of the Diamond Mountains. having any connection with the There were about thirty dele- The Tokyo Student Christmas economic structure of society. gates, and as many others whose rally, held annually by the stu- zeal for the cause brought them dent departments of the Y. W. 8. There is an increase in extent as visitors. and the Y. M. C. A., was the of those regions where the masmallest last year since the cus- jority of the rural population Progress was shown in varitom of such a service was estab- are chronically half – unem- ous ways. Two new presbyterlished in 1925 when over 3,000 ployed. ials were admitted, making students were assembled in a eighteen in all. rented public hall and enthusi- 9. The problem of poverty, while it does not often take the form The climax of interest was which it does in the cities, is reached in the Dedication Serv- widespread and universal. ice of Miss Suno Kim, the first 10. To deal with the problem of rural labor special caution is required.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Korean woman ever appointed mand. The day before the Sunday School are being conas a foreign missionary. She is Lieutenant left, he said, "I have ducted. to go with Korean missionaries noticed how you need more -The Missionary Review of in China, to join in the work charts and how slow the present Australia. that has been carried on in process is and have decided that Shantung Province for almost if you will give me a sample of Roman Catholic Missions twenty years by three Korean just what you want, I will make It is reported that 163,615 them on better paper and will workers-46,174 priests, brothmissionaries under the General send you a thousand." Dr. Lau- ers and sisters and 117,441 lay Assembly of the Korean Presby- bach said, "Lieutenant, this auxiliaries, catechists, teachers, terian Church. means that we shall win. This doctors, nurses, etc.-constitute will be the most literate province the force of Roman Catholic The missionary elect was in the Philippines in five years missions for which the Society from now-and perhaps the of the Propagation of the Faith, brought up in a Christian home most literate in the world." the main mission-aid organizaand is a graduate of the Presby- tion of the Church, appeals for Missionary Society in Fiji terian Academy in Seoul, and of funds. a Bible training School in Yoko- For many years the Methodist The vast missionary work Church of Australia has conhama. The Board decided to ducted work in the Fiji Islands. throughout the world includes: begin home mission work among 45,826 churches and chapels; Koreans in Manchuria, and Yen 400 was set aside for that purpose.

Saving the Babies Rece~tly a Christian Society was 309 seminaries with 9,971 stu- formed in Suva with the object dents; 31,418 schools with 1,- The Baby Clinic of the Pres- of carrying on Christian work 521,710 pupils; 691 hospitals with 283,503 patients a year; byterian Hospital in Taiku, Ko- by East Indians. rea, was two years old in Feb- Mr. John Bairagi, an earnest 1,848 dispensaries with 11,066,- ruary, the first venture of its and well-educated young man, 749 patients a year; 1,525 orkind in a city of some 80,000 was appointed pastor of the In- phanages with 81,240 orphans; people. The staff is composed of dian Church in Suva. Great 299 homes for the aged with three Americans and six Kore- success followed Mr. Bairagi's 11,332 inmates; 81 leper asyans. Lectures to mothers are work and he gathered round him lums with 14,060 lepers; 134 given by a young Korean doctor, a fine body of Indian Christians. other philanthropic institutions who makes sure that instruc- Recently dissatisfaction, which with 9,966 inmates.

tions are understood. Literature it now appears had been New Britain Training Institution on the care of children is circu- smouldering for some time, lated. Undernourishment is a broke out. The chairman of the George Brown College, Vuproblem, for little is known of district had acquainted the nairima, New Britain, which artificial feeding and cow's milk, Board with some of the diffi- was officially opened in October, either fresh or evaporated, is culties that had arisen, and his 1930, is providing equipment for prohibitive in price for the aver- letter was followed by a long and carrying forward the work of age family. A food laboratory ably-drawn-up Memorial, signed the Methodist Mission of Auis in operation. About 400 ba- by thirty-four Indian Christians stralasia. Last year it began bies have been registered since in Suva. the clinic was opened. with 205 students. A school for The main contention of the students' wives supplements the Memorial is that an undue em- work of the college, and here ISLANDS OF THE SEA phasis has been placed, and an over 50 women with their fam- unduly large proportion of the ilies assemble to improve their Lieutenant Lends a Hand funds spent, upon educational talents. Another valuable ad- and medical work, and that the junct is the Girls' School, which Dr. Frank C. Laubach, a mis- evangelization effort has been must be held in the open air for sionary of the American Board, allowed to suffer and they are lac~ of a building. Last year 95 is finding the demand for liter- desirous of carrying out a more per cent of the maintenance ature among the Moros so great vigorous evangelistic campaign. fund was subscribed by natives that the printing pTess cannot Efforts have been made to who have very meager re- keep up with it. Lieutenant bring about a reconciliation and sources. Carleton, of the United States to retain these people within the -The Missionary Review of Army, was visiting Lanao not Methodist Church, but without Australasia.

long .ago and became deeply in- success. They have now defi- What Joni Did terested in watching Dr. Laubach nitely cut themselves adrift, teach the Moros to read by his converted a house into a place Joni Uluibau was born at special new method. Lieutenant of worship, and appointed an- Matuka in the Lau group of the Carleton saw the missionaries other pastor, while Mr. Bairagi Fiji Islands, was trained in a trying to make enough of the has opened a secondary school. mission school, and at the age of large charts to serve the de- Regular Sunday services and a 21 went with a pioneer mission

party to Bougainville in the Sol- Contributions for Protestant and Australasia. No report was omon Islands. After six years Missions received from Russia. Africa and Central America show slight of fruitful service he recently In America, including Cana- losses. The figures from Asia, returned to Fiji on his first fur- da, contributions to the cause of in view of disturbed political lough, hoping to go back with a foreign missions during 1929 in- conditions, are peculiarly grati- fying. In China the churches wife to teach girls to sew, cook creased considerably, but the are substantially holding their and clean. Much of the progress continental contributions fell off. own; from India almost every In Germany, Sweden, Switzer- district reports advance. made in that part of the Solomons has been due to his effort land, France and Finland there Three World Conferences was an increase, but not large and influence. He has trans- Three great world conferlated enough hymns and pas- enough to equalize the decrease ences have come to be associated sages of Scripture to make the in Belgium, Denmark and Hol- with the official life of the churches: Stockholm. Lausanne, first book in the Teop tongue. land. America contributes 55.5 Jerusalem. The three move- The Sydney Daily Telegraph, per cent, England 22.04 per cent, ments are of universal reach and definite significance. The after Joni had stopped in that and the Continent 9.3 per cent of first represents a developing city on his way home, told his the total gifts recorded. Sums world-federation of churches on the basis of a common "life and story under the title "What Joni contributed in 1929 were as fol- work," with special attention to Did as a Christian." lows: the social application of Christ's teachings; the second, an ap- Smiling and fuzzy-headed, with America ……………• $28,525,939 proach by way of theological dis- cussion to the possible organic dark brown eyes, and over six feet Great Britain ……….. 11,172,525 unity of thought in Christen- dom; the third, an organization high, Joni Uluibau is a living example South America.. . . .. …. 3,700,184 devoted to the world missionary problem and composed of the of the work that Christian missions Germany …..•……… 1,448,517 missionary societies of the West, together with the new churches have accomplished in the South Seas. Australia …………… 1,390,292 in the East.

The simple pride of J oni in his life- Sweden …………..•.. 1,247,745 Plans are under way for the next World Conference in 1935 work; his calm native dignity; his South Africa ……….. . 681,275 after the order of Stockholm, but probably to be held in Lonfriendliness; his patience as he Denmark …………… 528,472 don. A program committee under the leadership of Dr. Wilwrestles with the intricacies of Eng- Norway ..•..•………. 481,328 liam Adams Brown suggests as general themes for consideralish, make a picture that impresses Holland ……………. 473,958 tion: itself forcibly upon the mind. New Zealand ..•……. . . 471,782 1. A survey of the more important developments in the field of Christian "I go there first when quite young," Switzerllmd …………. 292,890 life and work which have taken place since the last conference, together said J oni, "and they are dirty. They France ……..•…..•.. 155,935 with an analysis of the problems and tasks which grew out of them. do not know. Oh, how dirty. The Finland ………….•.. 118,235 2. A consideration of ways in pigs are everywhere, the houses fall Belgium •…………•.. 4,633 which the churches may cooperate down. more effectively for the purpose of realizing the aims set forth in the "I say, in Fiji we keep the pigs in a Total …•..•…….. $50,693,710 Stockholm Message of 1925. fence. It is cleaner. Get rid of the pigs. , 3. A further exploration of the Baptist World Strength basic convictions and experiences "At first they laugh at me, but I which motivate and inspire Christian The Baptist World Alliance service, both in its individual and sotalk and talk. The chiefs listen; they reports December 31, 1931, the cial aspects, with a view to: following world totals (excludsay, 'Perhaps J oni's way is right.''' ing Russia) : (a) Deepening the religious life of the members of our churches, J oni alone tamed those savages, re- Church Sunday Members School (b) Clarifying their understanding built their houses, built pig-sties, and EUrope ……… 662,410 629,332 of the moral issues which con- Asia ……….. 389,575 169,587 front the Church and the world today two sons of Teop headhunters Africa . . . . . . . . . . 85,182 32,893 today, and America: are learning to. be teachers. North …….. 9,402,007 5,536,938 (c) Promoting a spirit of self- Central and sacrifice and consecration in MISCELLANEOUS NEWS West Indies … 70,020 59,599 facing them. South …….. 42,643 39,719 Mathematics in Religion Australia and New Zealand .. 37,378 48,962 Logically-minded folk will be interested in Margaret Seebach's Total ….. 10,689,215 6,517,030 "Equations of the World's Religions." The most encouraging feature of the report is that the totals Every religion has in it some great of Sunday School pupils show truth, some fine quality; but all except an advance in every continent. one have some deficiency. We may in- The largest numerical increase dicate them by minus and plus signs, is in North America and the and the answer to the equation gives largest proportionate increase in the result in character. Only one South America. Church memshows the plus sign. bership shows an advance of ap- proximately 80,000, of which the Islam=zeal for God-love for man larger part is in North America, =Intolerance. though there is also advance in Europe, Asia, South America Confucianism = morality-compassion=Coldness.

Hinduism=search for God-service to man=Selfishness.

Buddhism=resignation-aspiration =Pessimism.

Animism=belief in the unseentrust=Superstition.

Christianity=love to God+love to man=Service.

Missionary

Recent Boo~s Reviewed for the Readers' Information Karl Barth-Prophet of a New Chris- we must find a more sympathet- hand his intellectualism and lib- tianity. By Wilhelm Pauck. 228 pp. ic interpreter. $2. Harpers. New York. 1931. eral traditions make it difficult Barth's position on certain Karl Barth at the age of for- points is too cloudy and uncer- to dissociate himself completely ty-five is beyond doubt the most tain to permit his being numchallenging figure in contempo- bered among conservative theo- from certain assumptions of the rary theology. He has been for logians; but on most of the great more than a decade the center of essentials of Christianity his critical school: on the other his a remarkable religious move- testimony seems to have the ment in Germany and recently ring of true conviction. It is candid inquiry has brought him his dynamic personality and Barth~s evangelical outlook to teaching have seized the atten- which Professor Pauck objects. face to face with the tremendous tion of religious leaders through- Here are a few of his comments : out the world. Unfortunately, realities of Christ and the Scripfew of his writings have thus "Barth's limitations are twofar been made available to Eng- fold. He speaks too bluntly in tures. The latter influence, we lish readers and this volume, supernatural terms. . . . The characterized by the publishers other limitation of his thought is should say, is clearly in the asas a "penetrating analysis," will closely connected with this: it is awaken the keen anticipation of his staunch Biblicalism. . . . He cendant. H. R. M. a wide circle. Analysis is hard- finally even declares that the ly the proper term, however, to Virgin Birth is a necessary part Seeing South America. By John T. describe the method of this au- of the creed of the Christian Faris. 223 pp. $2.50. Revell. New thor; the book is actually a criti- Church…. Barth believes that York. 1931. cism of the so-called Barthian the only possible way of thinkteaching. The sub-title is also ing about God is the way taken It used to be quite the thing misleading, since Barth is by no by the men of the Bible." He to make a swing around South means the "Prophet of aNew sums up his opinion of Barth in America and write a book about Christianity." As this volume this language : "We cannot one's trip. Dr. Faris is the only abundantly proves, his funda- avoid the conclusion that he is one we know who has done it remental appeal is to the Christi- guilty of a strange self-decep- cently. In setting down the anity of the first century. tion when he insists on pointing usual information desired by to the immediate revelation of tourists, he has fortunately done Those who have read Barth's God which is concealed in the it in a sympathetic way, not in "The Word of God and the Word biblical testimony on Jesus the old critical spirit, which of Man," recently translated by Christ. He operates with a con- showed disgust with our south- Douglas Horton, will at once ception of revelation which is ern neighbors because they did sense the unbalanced character antiquated, outlived, unreal. It not have as many bath tubs and of some of these chapters; but is the old supernaturalism, the fast express trains as we in the they will, nevertheless, find an old belief in the miraculous inarresting psychological study in tervention of an otherwise North. the 'effort of an avowedly liberal worldly, superhuman, anthropo- The traveler who wishes to theologian to deal fairly with the morphic God, which haunts positions of another brilliant him." It is clear, of course, that know a little South American leader holding contrary views. Pauck is incapable of compre- history, a few statistics, some Much of the discussion moves in hending how a brilliant theologi- geography and a few sayings of the realm of a terminology an, so thoroughly informed on important people will find this which only those versed in the the whole history of criticism as volume of interest as a guide intricacies of speculative theol- Barth, could hold to a belief in book. But frankness compels ogy would be able to follow. As the supernatural. one to express wonder at the aulight takes on the hues of the thor's failure to check historical medium through which it passes, The reader of this book will statements, one of which, for exso it is evident, if we are to real- hardly escape the impression ample, incorrectly refers to the ly know and understand Barth, outstanding Argentine patriot, that with Barth an internal con- San Martin, as follows: "In flict is in progress. On the one Peru, Jose de San Martin heard of the efforts made by the patri- [189] ots to the South, and he made up his mind to go to their as- sistance!" As to travel, the statement is made: "Even if you have but a month at your dis- posal this is sufficient to make the enticing sail to Rio de Ja- neiro, Montevideo and Buenos

Aires." Just how is this to be of one writer. While we cannot the West have confined our ataccomplished, if one is to get agree with the writer of the in- tention largely to the spread of back home, since more than six troduction that "it is the most Christianity in the Roman Emweeks are required for a round valuable and comprehensive pire and in Europe, and have trip from New York to Buenos work on religious liberty in the gained no adequate conception Aires? last hundred years", neverthe- of the progress of the Gospel less it has excellent and extend- eastward, nor of the vast Nes- The absence of any discussion ed treatments of such widely di- torian Church which by the of the political, social, education- vergent topics as Apostles of eighth century stretched from al or religious questions, which Religious Freedom, Juridical Baghdad to Peking and as far are so important to any visitor and Moral Problems of Religious south as Ceylon. Dr. Stewart to South America today, tends to Freedom, a comparison of Bud- has made it possible for us to fill a lack of flavor and human in- dhism and Christianity, An An- in part this gap in our knowlterest. alysis of the work of St. Francis edge, and to feel something of of Assisi, Constitutional Studies the original warmth and enthu- The list of reference books is regarding the Position of the curious, for out of thirty lines Vatican, and a defense of the siasm of the missionary passion given to this list over half the Jews Against Persecution. of this ancient church. He says: lines are given to Darwin's "Voy,age of the Beagle," which A supplement of 200 pages From hundreds of monasteries all is out of print. The well known contains some 35 articles on over Persia and in central and eastern volume "EI Supremo" is put various phases of religious lib- Asia, there poured forth a constant down as referring to Uruguay erty by such outstanding author- stream of ascetics, men and women, instead of Paraguay. No book ities as Cavour, Louis Marshall who had completed their three years' on either Brazil or Argentina is and William H. Taft. Papers in probationary trainIng and now went mentioned and none by a Latin connection with the One Hun- forth in obedience to our Lord's com- American author. dred and Fiftieth anniversary of mand, seeking to carry the Gospel to the Constitutional Establish- the end of the earth or to found new What might have been a help- ment of Religious Liberty in the monasteries which in turn would be ful up-to-date travel book has United States give a splendid ac- training schools for future generations been limited in usefulness by a count of the early debates on the of devotees. Some of them became too hasty preparation. relations between Church and "solitaries" or "anchorites," giving State and the way this question themselves over mostly to prayer and S.G.r. has been gradually worked out intercession. . . . Others taking in this country. The relation of thetr lives in their hands went forth, God in Freedom-Studies in the Rela- the League of Nations to Reli- not knowing whither they went, but tion between Church and State. gious Liberty is also discussed. content to follow where God might By Luigi Luzzatti. $5. Macmillan. lead . . . supporting themselves New York. 1931. Dr. Luzzatti (1841-1927) was by the labor of their hands Dr subsist- an Italian Jew, whose studies led ing on roots and fruits or on the grass Luigi Luzzatti was one of the him into the closest sympathy of the field. They counted no trouble chief citizens of Italy during the with Christianity and gave him too great, no hardship too severe, as last half century. The one great a great advantage as a neutral long as they might share in the cause to which he devoted his su- student. His admiration for St. spreading abroad of the message of perior talents as a scholar and Francis is significant of his full salvation for all mankind. statesman may be epitomized in broad culture and noble soul. this principle: all human prog- They penetrated into almost ress and happiness are derived S.G.r. every part of Asia and were able from liberty of thought and con- to make converts and found science. Nestorian Missionary Enterprise-A Church on Fire. By John Stewart. churches and establish bishop- This volume contains much in- Map. 323 pp. Rs. 4. Christian Lit- ries everywhere they went. teresting material never before erature Society. Madras. 1931. pub lis h e d. Included in its The author uses freely the resketches of champions of reli- Many years as a missionary cently published studies of Dr. gious liberty are distinguished of the United Free Church of Mingana of Manchester and the representatives of the cause be- Scotland in South India, brought other principal sources. In his longing to India, Persia, China, the author of this volume into effort to give the reader all the Japan, the Ottoman Empire, and contact with the Syrian Christhe early Church Fathers as well tians. He became interested in known facts he has made some as its great exponents in Euro- the history of the great "Church of his pages rather heavy, and pean and American his tor y. of the East" (the Nestorian one wishes that much of this ma- Adequate treatment is also given Church) of which they are a terial might have been included to the movements for the separa- branch, and in this interesting in appendices. In many places, tion of State and Church in our volume he has made available however, the story is told in a own day in France, Scotland, for English readers the results very interesting fashion. There Wales, and other lands. of his studies. Most of us who are several inaccuracies in de- have studied church history in tails, such as, the statement that This is a kind of encyclopedia the tomb of Esther is in Tabriz, on the subject of religious free- and that the medical school of dom, except that it is the opinion Gondisapor was in the Punjab (it is in Persia). One is inclined to feel that, in his enthusiasm for the glorious past of the

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

Church of the East, Dr. Stewart that flow out to the mind of to- secular instruction is whether it has painted the picture of its is right to use missionary money character and achievements in day. Perhaps, therefore, there too vivid colors. But though the and Christian workers merely to Christians of Central Asia may are phases of thought and exnot have been as numerous or as teach arithmetic, geography, hisloyal as some of the records rep- pression which will be transi- tory, and similar subjects. It is resent them, still the fact re- true that the early church spent mains that the Nestorian Church tory. Perhaps there are some its time who II y in Christian was able to do what modern mis- preaching and teaching, wit h sions have not yet accomplished, enduring values and permanent some healing work. It is open to namely, to establish a living, question, however, whether misself-propagating church in al- notes lost for the time in the new sion work, if confined strictly to most every part of Asia. this apostolic method would pro- emphasis. How could it be oth- duce the per man e n t results The almost complete disap- sought in our complex modern pearance of this Church from erwise? But it would be hard to world. As a rule the Gospel of Asia some five hundred years Christ functions more effectiveago was due chiefly to persecu- find more glorious love of Christ ly in a cultured mind than in an tion, compromise with other re- ignorant one. ligions, and the Mongol invasion. or clearer recognition of His Dr. Stewart might have added It is generally conceded in the ignorance and corruption of glory and grace, His uniqueness missionary circles that Christian the clergy, as pictured in "Wil- evangelism should be the central liam Rubruck's Journey to Tar- and His sufficiency, His "alone- factor in all work on mission tary," and to the vast distances fields-whether through preachseparating the churches of the ness," His "absolute value." Dr. ing, class room activities, medi- Far East from their headquar- cal service, industrial work, or in ters in Mesopotamia. Buttrick knows that the Gospel the preparation of literature.

Two important f act s are is not a human aspiration or in- Missionaries deal not merely brought out in Dr. Stewart's with the ears of man but with book: (1) Many of the elements vention but "an eternal Gospel, their entire personalities. One in the non-Christian religions hundred years ago it was generwhich seem to resemble Chris- from everlasting to everlasting ally considered sufficient to protian ideas are really derived claim the good news of Christ; from Christianity, and can, in the overture of God to men in today we see how important it many instances, be traced back is to prepare the way for the to the time when the Nestorian Christ Jesus." "Jesus came Gospel and to train Christians Church was influential in India to assume responsibility of and the East. (2) When Chris- preaching." Dr. Buttrick sees leadership. The full message of tianity effected a compromise Christ must be applied in the with other religions in India and that the mission of the preacher classroom, the dispensary, the China, it ceased to be mission- today is to preach Jesus Christ, work shop, in social life, and in ary, and soon disappeared. The the home as well as in the fate of the Church of the East is and that no one will ever exhaust Church. a warning to all missionaries to lay a true foundation which this message or be able to do J.F. R. nothin!!, can overthrow. more than make a new attempt "Yes, But-" The Bankruptcy of W.M.M. Apologetics. By Willard L. Sperry. to open the riches of the glory Harper & Bros. New York. 185 Jesus Came Preaching. By George A. pp. $2.00. Buttrick. 8 vo. 239 pp. $2.50. of Christ to men. The lectures Scribners. New York. 1931. The title of the book is a clever are a fresh and sincere and able phrase coined by Johann Semler Those who heard the "Yale of Halle, who lived at the begin- Lectures on Preaching" for 1931 effort to set forth anew and for ning of the era of destructive and had heard many other lec- criticism of the G 0 s pel s. He tures in this famous series our time and especially for the feared the consequences for his thought that no lecturer had own faith. His type of mind permade a deeper impression than preachers in our time, the glory sists, and this book itself raises Dr. Buttrick since Sylvester questions but does not answer Horne. Dr. Buttrick, in trying of God as it shone in the face of them. The contents deal with reto speak to the mind of this day, ligion, theology, and truth, all of uses the vocabulary, the fashion Jesus Christ. R. E. S. which are considered as standof speech, the approach, the ing at the cross-roads. The auforms of statement and appeal Education and the Missionary Task. thor, who is Dean of the Theo- By a Mission Secretary. 33 pp. logical School at Harvard Uni- 6d. World Dominion Press. Lon- don. 1931.

This address, delivered at an annual conference in England, takes the position that we must get back to more direct evangel- ism in all missionary work. This is a world-wide issue and repre- sents a resurgence of feeling in some sections of the Church. Again and again evangelism has been stressed as the only way to win non-Christians to disciple- ship, and the only justification for soliciting funds for the sup- port of the work. Probably there would be a general agreement among the missionary-minded in putting evangelism first and, no doubt, it should be emphasized more than it has been. Mission- aries are sent forth to win dis- ciples to Christ by preaching the Gospel, and to build up a body of believers by gathering them into Christian churches.

The question raised regarding

versity, asks such questions as, the mingling with Hebrew re- tions, games, verses, stories and whence liberalism? whither lib- ligion of foreign s t rea m s of adventures offered in this ateralism? and what is the place thought, and especially of the tractive volume. The voyagers of Jesus in His own religion? speculations which had come in travel to Africa, India, the Med- The book contains frank and from Persia. It was due still iterranean I and s, Japan and courageous criticism, but its ten- more to the unfolding of great China, seeing strange sights, dency is against super-human ideas which had always been im- hearing new sounds, and becomreligion. The least satisfactory plicit in Hebrew religion itself." ing acquainted with children of chapter is the one dealing with The second part of the book, other races. The stories and the place of Jesus in Christian- d e a lin g specifically with the poems have no Christian tone or ity. e. g.: teaching of Jesus regarding the message. They have little mean- "Browning say s somewhere Kingdom, contains much that is ing and apparently no purpose that the acknowledgment of God excellent. Finally, the author except to amuse and awaken a in Christ solves for us all ques- traces the later development of sense of fellowship with children tions in the universe. That is a the kingdom and its mission in of other races. gross overstatement of the fact. the establishment of the church The acknowledgment of God in and the proclamation of a world- Escape. By Francesco Fausto Nitti. Christ may encourage us to place wide message. 8 vo. 267 pp. $2.50. Putnam. a particular interpretation upon S. M. Z. New York. 1931.

many of the processes of nature Charles Lewis Slattery. By Howard Opinions differ about Premier and history, but it simply does Chandler Robbins. 400 pp. $2.50. Mussolini. To some he is almost not answer countless questions Harpers. New York. 1931. a God; to others he is a demon. that the human mind must ask Francesco Fausto Nitti, the son and for which it must try to find As rector of Grace Protestant of a Methodist clergyman and an answer. I write down this the nephew of a former premier reversed doctrine of the divinity Episcopal Church, New York, of Italy, shares the latter opinof Christ, that God must be at ion. He entered the World War least as good as Jesus is, as too Bishop Slattery made a pro- when only fifteen. Later he bepatently apologetic and too com- came an ardent advocate of deplacently indifferent to the hon- found impression upon the re- mocracy and liberty. He was a est brain work of the world to be bank employee and student and of any permanent help." ligious life of that great city, was opposed to Mussolini's auto- cratic dictatorship and the forci- S. M.Z. and when Bishop Lawrence re- ble suppression of all opponents. He was not in politics but was The KingdOm of God in the New Tes- tired as Bishop of the Diocese of arrested and sentenced without tament. By Ernest F. Scott, D. D. hearing, trial or conviction to 197 pp. $1.75. Macmillan. New Massachusetts, Dr. Slattery was five years confinement in one of York. the many prison islands. After chosen as his successor. In this suffering many trials, indigni- This scholarly volume has only ties and inj ustices he, and two indirect bearing on the mission- wide field he showed gifts of companions, escaped from Liary enterprise. Its chief aim is pari, Italy'S "Devil's Island," to determine how Jesus con- leadership and qualities of and made their way to Paris. ceived of the Kingdom of God. The story of the experiences and The author, professor of New Christian character that won the the audacious flight for freedom Testament C r i tic ism in the is thrilling. The picture given Union Theological Seminary, ap- respect and affection of people of Mussolini and the reign of proaches the subject from the terror under his regime is that standpoint of liberal Christian- of all religious beliefs. He pub- of a ruthless machine that mows ity. He says, "Thus from the down all that opposes its progidea of J ahve as King of Israel lished more than a score of ress. Evidently there is no libarose that of the one God, who erty in Italy for those who are reigns over all nations and who books in the field of religion and not Fascisti. Mussolini is a powmade and governs the universe." erful autocrat who is determined He traces the historical back- biography, was fo:: many years to make Italy a powerful nation, ground of the conception of the but he rules by fear and force kingdom; emphasizes the influ- Chairman of the Church Conence on Jewish thought of Persian mythology and Rabbinical gress in the United States, Chairman of the Commission on the Revision of the Book of Com- mon Prayer, an Overseer of Harvard College, and a Trustee of Boston University, Andover, and Wellesley College.

Dr. Robbins has done much more than describe the external facts of Bishop Slattery's life.

His picture is that of a man with a genius for friendship, a devo- tion to his daily tasks, and an unaffected joyousness in living.

This kind of biography enriches the mental and spiritual life of the reader. A. J. B.

apocalyptic. Drawing the conclu- The Treasure Ship Sails East. IlIus. and not by love and justice. sion that "Jesus, then, fell heir 8 vo. 127 pp. $2. Macmillan. Many of the strongest, most into a conception which had passed New York. 1931. telligent, noblest Italians have through a long development in Boys and girls love adventure. been mercilessly imprisoned, the religion of Israel. . . . This Primary children will be at- banished or killed. The Fascisti development was partly due to tracted by the colorful illustra- need the Gospel of Christ.

Books Negroes of Afric:a–:.History and Cul-

ture. Maurice Delafasse. 313 pp. $3.15. Associated Publishers. Wash- Announcins I New Ind ~ to the FuIl.· Striking addresses ington. 1931. ThorouShly Reviled Edition of by John McNeill. 208 pp. 28., 6d. The Remaking of Man in Africa. J. The Progress of Pickering "Inglis. London. 1931. H. Oldham and B. D. Gibson. 84 The Centennial of the Western For- pp. 28., 6d. Oxford University eign Missionary Society. Edited by Press. London. 1931. World -Wide Missions James A. Kelso. 234 pp. Commit- Streams in the Desert. Mrs. Chas. E. tee of Pittsburgh Presbytery. Pitts- Cowman. 378 pp. $1.50. Oriental B, Ihe burgh. 1931. . Missionary Society. Los Angeles. Schoolgirls Together. Mrs. E. Weller. Rev. Robert HIli Glovw, M. D., F.R.G.S. Calendar-Jewish and Christian. The 18. China Inland Mission. Lon- Late S. B. Rohold. 110 pp. 40 don. 1931. Ho.e DIrector, Chlnelalencl MI…on cents. Mt. Carmel Bible School. A _preh..llye hlltory ad ….._ book Ihlt mould be In Ihe IIbr.., 01 "'err one Inl. . .eeI In .1…0…. A ……… ad • Hudson Taylor's Legacy. Marshall clllllle wrlllen b, • r..1.1"'0…, ……… Haifa. 1931. Curing the Inc u r a b I e. Winifred Bromhall. 167 pp. 28., 6d. China "For yed" there hdS been. growlns de…nd Combes. 35 pp. 6d. Church Mis- Inland Mission. London. 1931. for such d mlulon.ry text-book IS this. It Is an sionary Society. London. 1931. Under Seven Congo Kings. R. H. Indlspenwble work for dll deslrlns concl.c In- Carson Graham. 293 pp. 68. Carey formation on every PMse of mllSiolllry en- Chief Among the Brethren. Compiled Press. London. delYOr. It "/IRS true to the Gospel Mawsc," by H. Pickering. 223 pp. 38., 6d. -SUNDAY SCHOOL TIMES Pickering & Inglis. London. 1981. A Way of Escape. Raymond B. Fos- With Maps, Full Indices, Bibliography, Samuel Crowther of Nigeria. Jesse dick. 15 pp. Princeton University Etc., Octavo. 418 Pages, $2.50 Press. Prineeton. 1931. Page. 191 pp. 28. Pickering & RlY Long a Rlchlrd R. Smlth~ Inc. Inglis. London. 1931. Year Book of Miseions. 68 pp. 35c. The Christian Mission in Rural India. American Board of Commissioners 12 Eest 4hl Street. NC1II! YotIc Kenyon L. Butterfield. 160 pp. In- for Foreign Missions. Boston. 1931. ternational Missionary Council. New Persona' Items York. 1931. Annual Report of the Panjab Mission, Clever Country. Caroline Gardner. 158 1930-S1. Wesleyan Mission Press. Myscire. 1931.

pp. $1.50. Revell. New York. (Continued from Bd C01JM') 1931. Fanny Crosby. John Hawthorne. 64 pp. 18. Pickering" Inglis. Lon- Obituary Notes The Rev. James L. Kennedy, a mis- don. 1931. sionary of the Methodist Episcopal From Genesis to Revelation. S. Ridout. Mrs. J. J. Lucas, of India, for over Church, South, has rounded out a h81f . 261 pp. 28., 6d. Pickering" In- sixty years a missionary of the Amer- century of service in Brazil. His ican Presbyterian Church in India, range of activities includes that of glis. LondDn. 1931. died at the home of her son, Dr. E. J. evangelist, pastor, treasurer, schoo] His Bequest-The Believer's Riches in Lucas, in Lahore, on December 4th. president and author of A History of Her husband, Dr. J. J. Lucas, who Methodism in Brazil (in Portuguese). Trust. Norman B. Harrison. 48 survives, has had a similar long term pp. Art cover, 25 cents; gift edi- of service in India. Mrs. Lucas was … … … , tion, 40 cents. B. I. C. Assn. Chi- born in Vermont and in India served eago. 1931. successively in Mainpuri, Fatehgar, Dr. Kenyon L. Butterfield, who for How to Master the Bible. Martin Saharanpur and Allahabad. Since the past two years has served as coun- Anstey. 204 pp. 28., 6d. Picker- 1923, when they resigned after fifty selor on rural work for the inter- ing & Inglis. London. 1981. years of active service, Dr. and Mrs. national Missionary Council, and in Knowing the Bible. Raymond C. Knox. Lucas have lived in Landour, North that capacity has visij;ed India, China, 277 pp. $1.75. Macmillan. New India. Among their children, who call Korea and the Philippine Islands, has York. 1931. them blessed, are Dr. Wm. P. Lucas, been appointed for another year to .Missions in the Bible. J. B. Lawrence. of California; Mrs. Frances Hender- lecture and write. He plans to con- 186 pp. 75 cents, cloth; 50 eents, son of Ohio State University, and sult with mission boards regarding the paper. Southern Baptist Conven- Dr. Edmund D. Lucas, President of strengthening of rural work in mis- tion. Atlanta. 1932. Forman Christian College, Lahore. The Rural Mission of the Church in On her eightieth birthday Mrs. Lucas sion lands. … … … Eastern Asia. Kenyon L. Butter- took her first ride in an airplane at Beld. 222 pp. International Mission- Allahabad. The Rev. James W. Hawkes, on ary Council. New York. 1931. November 1, 1931, completed 50 years World Clock. A colored chart. Thomas of missionary service in Persia. He T. Smith. 25 cents each; $15 per is an outstanding scholar of Persian, 100. Thos. T. Smith. Marion, Ind. William Knowles Cooper, for twen- having assisted in a revision of the Missionary Heroines in Eastern Lands. ty years (1909-1929) the General Sec- Persian Bible, and is the author of a E. R. Pitman. 191 pp. 28. Pick- retary of the Y. M. C. A. in Wash- new Persian Bible Dictionary. ering & Inglis. London. 1931. ington, D. C., died at his home there … … … To Mother: Memory Blossoms. Caro- on January 19th at the age of sixty- four. Mr. Cooper was born in Phila- The Rev. Jesse M. Bader, D. D., is lyn Nicholson Payson. 48 pp. $1. delphia in 1867 and was at different the new Field Secretary for Evange- Wheelock Pub. Co. Boston. 1931. times secretary of the Y. M. C. A. Marches of the North. E. Alexander in Brooklyn, New York and in Spring- lism in the Federal Council of Powell. Illus. 311 pp. $4. Cen- Beld, Mass. He rendered valuable Churches. Dr. Bader's interest in tUry. New York. 1931. service on the Laymen's Council of evangelism has taken him to most of Missions Matching the Hour. Stephen Congregational Churches, with the the English-speaking world, including J. Corey. 184 pp. Cokesbury Press. Boy Scouts of America, the Federal Nashville. 1931. Council of Churches and other Chris- Great Britain, New Zealand and Aus- New Life Through God. Toyohiko tian organizations. tralia.· Kagawa. 210 pp. $1.50. Revell. … … … New York. 1931. Dr. W. T. Anderson, a veteran mis- Paterson of Hebron. W. Ewing. Illus. sionary of the United Presbyterian' The Rev. William S. Beard retired 2056 pp. 88., 6d. James Clarke " Mission in India, died January 21st February 1st as executive secretary at Sialkot, India. Mr. Anderson was of the Commission on Missions of o. London. preparing to return to America when the Congregational and Christian 'Jlae Pilgrim Church. E. H. Broad- he was called "home." Churches. In the last twelve years Mr. Beard has directed campaigns !urst. 406 pp. 78., 6d. Pickering which have collected large sums for ur; Inglis. London. 1931. foreign missions.

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The Missionary Review of the World — February 1932

1932

Student Volunteers at Buffalo An Editorial The Way of Victory in China Walter H. Judd Modern Miracles at Moga Irene Mason Harper Are Mission Boards Worth While Arthur J. Brown

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THE KIN G'S BUSIN ESS (Th·,::~!:~~rn~~:::·) Dates to Remember WILLIAM P. WHITE~ D.O., Editor February 5-Closing FLORIDA MIS- SIONARY ASSEMBLY at Jacksonville. PASTORS,_TEACHERS, CHURCH L.I Ihe R••d… Sp••k lor Th….lv.. wORKER5- February 8-16-INTERNATIONAL COUN- "I u•• Ih. H.lps .ltot.lh.r In studyl,,! .y S"y CIL OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION, Chi- Look .t this parti.1 list of contents: School L.non." cago, Illinois. Pm.nl-Dn Fullll••nl 01 Proph.cy "II Is .ound In doclrill••nd I. 8ne In Ib e.pOllllon February 12-WORLD DAY OF PRAYER. World events In the IllIht of Scripture. 01 deep .plrll..llrul…." , Cr_bs fro. Ih. Kln.'s r-bl. February 12-14-National Convention "Ib llllicl.. on proph.cy ar. In.plrln. 10 Ih_ of the LEAGUE OF EVANGELICAL STU- Rich Bible truths by the editor. DENTS, Pittsburgh, Pa. Conlrllt.ted Arllcl•• Iroublou. U…." July 25-31-WORLD SUNDAY SCJlOOL By outstandinlt~hrlstlan leaders. "W. and !het 'Th. Kin.'. Bu.ln…' •••b Iha CONVENTION, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Hurl 10 H••rI with OUI Younl R••d… n••d. 01 th. PI_nt day. W. cannot do without 11." Personal Items Interestlns stories with a messase. Inl.,..Uon.1 L.noll Co….ntery "I k••p.1I .y cople.lor r…..nc••"

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$2 Worth For $11 Misa Anne Seedoltz, of Canton, Ohio, is the newly elected Executive THE BIBLE TODAY, a condensed, popul'!!1 pertinent evangelistic magazine, published by the Secretary of. the Council of Women Natlon.1 Bible Institute, 340 West 55th Street, New York, will b. sent to for Home Missions. After her grad- uation from Western Reserve Uni- You .ad • friend 10, versity, Miu Seesholtz was graduate exchange student in Theology at War- ONE YEAR' FOR ONE DOLLAR burg, Germany; later a teacher in (Resular subscription price 51.00 a year) Canton High School and in Y. W. C. A. work in America and Chipa. In Speci.1 offer from November 15, 1931, to February 29, 1932 1930-31 she was a member of the Fact Finding Commission for China of the DON O. SHELTON, LL.D., Editor Laymen's Foreign Mission Inquiry.

Some of the notable articles especially written for THE BIBLE TODAY to be published during 1931-1932 ••• "How 10 Glow • Soul," by the REV. DR. JAMES BLACK, P.stor of Free St. Georges, Edlnbursh, President G. Bromley ODUlDl of De- Pauw University, Dr. Frank W. Pad- Scotland. , elford of the/Northern Baptist Board "Lenonl Fr2111 • C.Ii," by W. HOSTE London, Ensland. of Education, Dr. Edward RyDearson "The Man Who Wenl to see What He Could see," by MELVIN 'G. KYLE, president of the Xenia of the Pittsburgh public schools voca- tional department, and Miss Ruth. F. Theological Seminary. " Woodsmall, have recently visited J a~ "1•••ln. Ihe Bible," by AMOS It WELLS, Honorary Editor of the "Christian Endeavor World. pan as members of a commission on Christian Education, similar to the And More Ih.n Fody Other InlPlrlns, Felth·llrenllh.nIIlS M……. one that went to India last year. The American and British members col- A Speci.1 Combin.tion Offer laborated with a group of Christian Japanese educators. THE BIBLE TODAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1.00 } Both SUS THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD …….. : …………….. 2.50 Save 75c (Continued on 8rd CO'IJe'l') Addra. yo., Old… 10 ellher ollce "

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Chat THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

The January REVIEW re- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor ceived a warm welcome in all quarters. Its contents and ap- Vol. LV February, 1932 No.2 pearance were highly com- FRONTISPIECE-Map of Arabia…….••..•••…..•..•.•..••.. mended and have already won new friends. Talk it up in your Page church and society. The fol- TOPICS OF THE TIMES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . 67 lowing are interesting comments: Students and Missions at Buffalo Power and Co-operation in "I am delighted with the J an- Progress in Persia Home Missions uary REVIEW. We will do the China's Progress Under Difficulty Student Reactions to the Vol- best we can for your fine maga- unteer Convention zine." Lucy W. Peabody.

"Let me congratulate you on LOVE-THE WAY OF VICTORY IN CHINA… . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 the new January REVIEW. It An Address at the Student Volunteer Convention at Buffalo by is excellent in every way. I Dr. Walter H. Judd think the contents make it one of the best you have issued." DO MEN REALLY NEED CHRIST? . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 By the Rev. Cleland B. McAfee, D.D., Secretary of the Board of Foreign John McDowell. Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

"Your January issue makes a DOCTORING PAGANS OF THE SUDAN. . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . 81 splendid appearance. I think By Kenneth G. Fraser, F.R.G.S. the matter is fine and well balanced." Paul deSchweinitz. MODERN MIRACLES AT MOGA …………………………. 83 By Irene Mason Harper, a missionary at the Moga School "The format of the January REVIEW is certainly a great WINNING STUDENTS IN MISSION SCHOOLS. . . . . . • . • . • . • . . . •. 88 improvement and ought to be By the Rev. J. H. Linton, Missionary Bishop of the Church of England very acceptable." ARE MISSION BOARDS WORTH WHILE? . • . . . . . • • . . . • • . . . . • • 91 Jay S. Stowell. By Dr. ArthlH' J. Brown, Secretary Emeritus of the Board of Foreign "I very much like the new Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. form of the REVIEW. We sorely need such a magazine as A FORWARD MOVEMENT IN CHINA ..••.••••.••••…•..•.••. 95 this has proved to be." By the Rev. Robert Hall Glover, M.D., Home Director of the China Inland Mission in North America Katherine A. Silverthorne. PROBLEM OF CHRISTIAN COLLEGES IN INDIA………….. 98 WHAT DO YOU THINK? A recent book review by Ralph B. Nesbitt Do not fail to read the story THE RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN ITALy ……..••.•………•. 161 of the Student Volunteer Convention at Buffalo. That gath- By the Rev. W. H. Rainey, F.R.G.S.. Secretary for Western Europe and ering of bright, eager youth had North Africa of the British and Foreign Bible Society much of the old thrill and was tremendously encouraging. WHY IS ARABIA STILL NEGLECTED?…… .. .. .. .. .. .. .. …. 105 Read also–if you miss all By the Rev. Samuel M. Zw~mer, D.D., Professor of the History of else-the stirring story of what Religion and Christian Missions, Princeton Dr. Walter Judd discovered in his medical adventures among EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING ……………………….. 107 bandits and Christians in China. Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison CAN YOU BEAT IT? WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN …………••..• 111 Edited by Helen M. Brickman and florence G. Tyler OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ………………………….. 115 A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events We have many stirring pa- OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF………………………… 127 pers in this number. Do you Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information agree? There are many more to follow-by Prof. Jabavu of Publication Office 40 S. Meridian St., Indianapolis, Indiana South Africa; Prof. Oscar M. Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Buck of Drew University; Dr. T. Z. Koo of China; Dr. Robert Entered as second-class matter at Post-Office, Harrisburg, P&., under Act of March E. Speer; Dr. William R. King 3,1879. on "What Progress in Home Missions"; Dr. John McDowell Application has been made to transfer to Indianapolis, Ind. on "The New Dynamic," Sam 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year Foreign Postage 50 cents a year Higginbottom of India – and others. Published monthly-All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1932 by the Will You Help to Boost the MISSIONARY REVIEW PUllLISHING CO., INC. REVIEW Circulation? Board of Directors ROBERT E. SPEER, President SAMUEL McCREA CAVERT . WM. I. ,CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer WM. B. LIPPHARD DELAVAN L. PmRSON, Secretary ERIc M. NORTH SAMUEL M. ZWEMER

TWENTY-FIVE HUNDRED STUDENT DELEGATES AT A PLATFORM MEETING IN

WHERE DR. JUDD MET THE BANDITS ON THE MIN RIVER A WARD IN DR. JUDD'S HOSPITAL AT SHAOWU REPRESENTATIVES FROM CHINA AT THE QUADRENNIAL CONVENTION OF THE STUDENT VOLUNTEER MOVEMENT. LEFT TO RIGHT. Y . E. HSIAO. SECRETARY OF THE CHINESE CHRISTIAN STUDENT ASSOCIATION; DR. T . Z. KOO.

VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE WORLD'S CHRISTIAN STUDENT FEDERATION ; MISS BOO-YU-YANG. MISS MING-SIN TANG. MISS CHI-YI CHEN; DR. WALTER H. JUDD. MEDICAL MISSIONARY TO CHINA. (SEE ARTICLE ON PAGE 73.) VIVID REMINDERS OF THE RECENT STUDENT VOLUNTEER CONVENTION

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORW-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER Two FEBRUARY, 1932 T opies of the Times STUDENTS AND MISSIONS AT BUFFALO of the Moslem World, of India, and China, of Africa and Japan and Latin America for Christ A convention of over two thousand enthusias- and His saving Gospel. The spirit of prayer, of tic students representing five hundred educational heart-searching and of sacrifice was impressed on institutions'of the United States and Canada, is a all. Many students volunteered for service abroad thrilling sight. When we consider that these and as one result over 13,000 have actually gone young men and young women are earnest <?hris- out as missionaries to non-Christian people since tians the impression is deepened. Add to thIS the the movement was founded. The effect of these fact that the general dominating purpose of this Christian army of youth is not politics, athletics conventions was also felt in an increased missionor pleasure, but is to discover and put into prac- ary spirit in schools and colleges and in homes and tice the way to make Christ known to others and home churches. The Missionary Education Moveto make His principles dominant in every realm ment and the Laymen's Missionary Movement grew out of them.

of life-then this impression becomes an inspira- Then came the war with its devastating effect tion. and its new challenge to Christianity. The con- The Buffalo Student Volunteer Convention (De- vention at Des Moines in 1918 was a revolt against the old leadership. The five thousand students cember 30 to January 3) was not exclusively a for- who gathered there were not dominated by any eign missionary convention. The watchword of great missionary purpose. Many were ~ot even the movement-"The Evangelization of the World professing Christians. They were more mterestin This Generation"-was conspicuous by its ab- ed in race relations, economic improvement 3;nd sence. But it was a distinctly and thoroughly international peace than in world evangelization Christian convention and its motto: "The Living as such. They demanded student representation Christ in the World of Today" was fulfilled in in the councils and as a result the movement was every feature of the four-day program. reorganized under student control. The I~dian­ apolis Convention, four years later, was bUIlt ?P This twelfth convention was carefully planned on these lines with student directed forums to dISand organized, as usual, but in many respects it cuss the relation of Christ to world problems. was in marked contrast. to some that have pre- No doubt the students were somewhat extreme ceded it. In the first seven Student Volunteer and uninformed but they were thinking and conventions preceding the World War many of the delegates were volunteers for missionary service abroad and most of those who attended were mis- wished to see Christian principles applied to every sionary-minded. They had been prepared through sphere of life-on the campus and in the world at Volunteer Bands and study circles in their colleges large. The Detroit Convention was a step in adto hear direct appeals for missionary service. The vance with much the same spirit and program, addresses were powerful, informational and inspir- but ~ore intelligent, sane and constructive. ational appeals to evangelize the great non-Ch~istian peoples of other lands. It was an educatIOn The recent Buffalo Convention was a further to attend such a convention, with addresses by step forward. The more than two thousand stu- dents were predominantly earnest, intelligent and such older men as Hudson Taylor, Jacob Cham- Christian in character and purpose. In order to berlain, Bishop Thoburn, Horace G. Underwood, attend many students made great sacrifices, with and the then younger leaders John R. Mott, Robert drastic economies in food and carfare.

E. Speer, Samuel M. Zwemer and others. There The convention hall was a barnlike structure were masterly presentations of the supreme need but was made a sanctuary by the Spirit of Christ.

[67]

While there was a notable absence of missionary of Smith College aroused student enthusiasm and banners and slogans and of a map of the world, resulted in an almost unanimous vote for speedy such as were prominent at the early conventions, and drastic government action in favor of dis- the prevailing spirit and theme were represented armament and asking that President Hoover ap- by a simple gilded cross that hung at the center point a student from the United States on the back of the stage. The need of the non-Christian Geneva commission.

world for Christ and His saving Gospel was less With the atmosphere and the decks thus cleared stressed than was the need for the experience the students were more ready to devote their atand expression of the Cross in personal life and tention to the program and progress of missions in all human relationships. This aim was effec- among non-Christian peoples. These were detively emphasized but would have been more dis- scribed by Dr. John R. Mackay of Latin America, tinctly missionary if there had been a more ade- Dr. Paul W. Harrison of Arabia, the Rev. Wm. quate presentation of the needs of the non-Chris- Miller of Persia and Prof. Jabavu, who came 10,- tian peoples and the progress of Christ's program 000 miles to attend the convention. The present throughout the world. needs of the missionary movement were presented Enlisting the Student Mind in a masterly way by Dr. John R. Mott, Dr. James Endicott of Canada and by Dr. Robert E. Speer, Some special features of earlier conventions who gave a stirring address on the convention were lacking or altered at Buffalo. In place of a theme. The real climax was- in the soul-stirring missionary educational exhibit inspiring to World message by Dr. Walter H. Judd who graphically Service, the bookstall at Buffalo was chiefly com- described thrilling experiences in bandit-infested mercial and some books on sale were not even districts of China and who testified to the effec- Christian. The music was not made as vital and tiveness of love as God's way to win men to Himeffective a part of the program as in the days of self. The life aims of many students were the male quartette, though the Westminster changed by that powerful challenge. (This ad- Chorus from Ithaca College rendered beautiful dress will be found in the present number of THE and often inspiring selections. A missionary play, REVIEW.) "Ba Thane," was artistically given to show some The outstanding impressions of this convention of the hardships and disappointments of mission- were, first, the fine Christian character and spirit ary life in Burma. It might have been supple- of the students and, second, the evident earnest- mented to advantage by some scene showing as ness of their purpose to put into operation the vividly the joys that come from triumphant part- teachings and program of Christ in every sphere nership with God in His work. The spectacular and relationship of life. No one could fail to be pageant, depicting the horrors of war and eco- struck by the vast gulf that separated the boister- nomic injustice, appealed to some but the impres- ous and sometimes bibulous merrimakers at the sion made seemed scarcely to warrant the lavish hotel on New Year's Eve and the joyous but seri- expenditure of time, money and effort. ous crowd of Student Volunteers that thronged Twenty-eight round table conferences divided the ballroom of the Statler Hotel for their Watch- the students into groups to discuss topics ranging night Service of praise, prayer and silent conse- all the way from "Social Engineering" to "The cration. The students attended general meetings Gospel which Commands Us." These conferences and conferences with great faithfulness, unde- were under able leadership and were a great im- terred by blizzard weather or blazing theatrical provement over the old forums or discussion signs. Many have returned to their colleges and groups which gave students an opportunity for seminaries determined to awaken greater interest self-expression but usually reached no definite among fellow students in the program of Jesus conclusions. Christ. Is it too much to hope that they will also The program of platform addresses was fortu- be led to form again bands of Student Volunteers nately progressive. After an earnest opening ser- and mission study groups so that they may be- mon by Dr. Ernest F. Tuttle on "God and Man," come as well informed on the work of Jesus Christ the early addresses gave rather depressing pic- and the affairs of the Kingdom of God as they are tures of "The Present World Situation"-as de- on international politics and economic and social scribed by Mr. Kirby Page and Dr. T. Z. Koo- problems? We look forward to the New Year without presenting the remedy. The very able with renewed hope and courage as we consider critical analysis of the missionary enterprise by the consecrated youth who are ready to follow Dr. Oscar M. Buck of Drew University and the and proclaim the way of the Cross, and as we picture of conditions in South Africa by Prof. D. realize the Power of God that is available to trans- D. T. Jabavu were challenging. The a,ppeal for form present ignorance, weakness, selfishness and international disarmament by Prof. Ralph Harlow corruption into Christlike wisdom, power, self-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

sacrifice and purity. May God hasten the day CHINA'S PROGRESS UNDER DIFFICULTY when thousands of the finest of the youth of China's relations with her island neighbor have America will again respond to the call of Christ engrossed universal attention since last Septemto be His ambassadors to their fellow men and ber. The effect of the strained relations with women of every race and nation and when all Japan-often very tense in the past, but now Christians will be intelligent and effective part- strained beyond any previous experience-is twoners with God in the work of transforming every fold, one for evil and one for good. The fear and human enterprise and relationship through the hatred felt in China, especially since 1915, in relapower of the Holy Spirit. tion to Japan, smouldering at times, eruptive at times, have been intensified to the utmost by re- PROGRESS IN PERSIA cent events. These sentiments have found violent expression among China's students, who have come The changes that have taken place in ancient to a realization of their power since 1919, but they Persia are astounding. Many old things passed too often exaggerate. that power and distort the away with the expulsion of the old Shah and life nature of the responsibility which it imposes, thus has taken on a new significance, with new outlook inflicting wounds instead of welfare, and violently and opportunities. Not only has there been ma- pressing mad counsels upon their more experi- terial progress, with the building of roads and the enced rulers. Another evil effect is the very real increase of automobiles and airplane traffic, but threat to world peace through a sympathetic in- enlightenment and greater freedom have come to volvement of other nations in what has been a women and in politics, education and religion. real war in Manchuria though without formal About four years ago the Persian Government declaration.

issued an edict banning the teaching of the Chris- The indirect good effects of China's evil plight, tian religion or the observance of the Christian may, in God's overruling Providence, eventually religion in mission schools and colleges. The prove greater than the evil, whatever may be done, American Presbyterian and the Church of Eng- or left undone, by the sorely harried League of land missions prepared to close their educational Nations. In the midst of the general bitterness work rather than comply. The Ministry of Edu- there has bloomed the beautiful blossom of a long- cation saw new light and forbore to enforce the retarded bud of international Christian love.

edict. Twelve years ago any suggestion in China, even in A recent letter from Persia reports that the Christian gatherings, that any love was due to Government has been endeavoring to regulate the any of the hated nation, was scouted with intense mission schools-not only in the secular subjects reprobation. The Chinese Church refused to send but in religious matters, insisting that the Koran delegates to the World's Sunday School Conven- and related subjects shall be taught in all schools. tion because it was held in Tokio. Last year an This is a step further than that taken by Japan extensive Good-will Tour of Japan was conducted and China. The missionaries in Persia have been by Chinese Christian students who were warmly praying unceasingly that the Ministry of Educa- welcomed in that country; and even at the Man- tion might experience a change of mind and ap- churian crisis in September Chinese and Japan- pealed to the Government against the enforcement ese delegates consented to sit together in Shanghai of this edict. Now our correspondent writes: at the Institute of Pacific Relations. Letters of "Thank God, yesterday we were given the news cordial brotherhood have also passed back and that Christian schools might carryon as before. forth between the National Christian Councils of lt is great to be backed up by prayer in this way. China and Japan, calling for earnest prayer that The thing that grips me is not SO much the result peaceful means of settling all controversy might of prayer in a special crisis but that the ordinary be found. Patriotic visitors from Japan apolo- daily prayer life makes it possible to meet every gized for their own country's method of settling difficulty and makes our work effective." her disputes.

The results of missionary work is not only evi- Again, with an outcome which only the future dent today in Persia in the number of Moslem stu- can reveal, China's accumulation of distresses dents seeking admission to Christian schools but has brought about a cessation of civil strife be- in the remarkable influence of Christian truth on tween Nanking and Canton and plans have been the characters and lives of students and their par- formed for the unification of the country under a ents. There is a real spiritual awakening in Per- coalition government with a smaller military ele- sia today and a readiness on the part of Moslems ment than in th'e past, though with professedly in- to openly confess Christ, in spite of opposition creased inclination to radical policies. The sep- and persecution. This is the time to pray for arate Cantonese Government has been discon- Persia. tinued. Strangely enough, among the first acts

of the new central government was the rescinding of the missionary, the greatest fact of all is that of the proclaimed abolition of all extraterritorial privileges from January 1, 1932. This is the op- the preaching of the Gospel goes on with increasposite of radicalism. Vigorous restraint has also been brought to bear upon the lawlessly radical ing vigor and with results hardly equalled in the students, and has ended their suicidally foolish past and scarcely to be expected in the confused demonstrations. present. COURTNEY H. FENN. The afflictions of civil warfare, flood and other evils which have brought the Chinese to the verge POWER AND CO-OPERATION IN HOME of despair have awakened many of the leaders to MISSIONS a keener realization of the fact that the impotence of her 400,000,000 people to ef£e.ctively oppose a For the first time the Home Missions Council neighbor with one-fourth her number, is due al- and the Women's Council for Home Missions met most entirely, not to the often proclaimed fact in Canada and in its great center of religious acthat "China is a peace-loving nation," but to the tivity, Toronto, January 4-6. Canadian represenlack of leaders who have been ready to subordi- tatives on these councils have sometimes felt that nate personal ambitions to the welfare of the na- the attention given to home missions in the United tion. The great peril of the present national States caused the great problems of Canada to be awakening is the temptation to attribute the chief overlooked. This year there was opportunity to causes of her weakness to the failure to develop a view the important and far-flung work of the military and naval power equal to that of her Canadian churches in the vast area from Labraneighbor. Any final failure of the League of dor to British Columbia and from the United Nations to uphold the various policies, treaties, States border to the Yukon. and compacts for which the League stands, will render certain this most unfortunate misinterpre- The value of the Home Missions Congress, held tation and will lead to an increased devotion of in Washington in December a year ago, was recnational resources to the equipment of her supe- ognized and the studies and findings of that rior numbers with an invincible armament. memorable assembly have been accepted as stand- ards of measurement for the enterprise in the The extraordinary international situation has varied fields there considered. In order that the so overshadowed everything purely domestic as to message of the Congress might be carried to the relegate even China's unparalleled floods to the churches and people in all parts of the country background. Yet nothing has more clearly dem- to arouse them to a sense of the magnitude, imporonstrated China's real progress than the manner tance, and urgency of home mission work, continin which she has accepted this awful calamity as uation conferences were held in various cities and Heaven's punishment for the sins of the people are to be continued through the present year. and their rulers, and has shouldered the chief responsibility for relief and rehabilitation. Though Two outstanding notes of these gatherings were in her wretchedness she has cried for help to bear the emphases on the spiritual dynamic and cothe burden which is too great for her, yet 80 per operation. The opening address of the President, cent of the relief thus far provided has come from Dr. John McDowell, gave the keynote to the first Chinese at home or abroad, and China refuses to of these calls. The vastness of the task, the combe overwhelmed by the appalling disaster. The plexity of the problems faced, and the sense of national relief organization follows the receding human limitation, driven home upon every agency waters, erecting stronger and higher dykes and in this period of financial stringency and of inother conservancy works; the poor people who creasing materialistic pressure, called forth rehave lost all are beginning again with a cheerful peated expressions of the need of stressing the courage. Road-making, street-widening, city-mod- spiritual aspects of home missions and of humble ernizing are going on apace in spite of floods and reliance upon the divine resources. bandits, poverty and war; Christian schools are full to overflowing and with few exceptions are Each year the necessity for cooperation in home preserving their Christian character. The cure mission work has been recognized, but the report of illiteracy through the popular education move- of Dr. William R. King, the general secretary of ment has made great progress; agricultural train- the Home Missions Council, was a revelation of ing and rural reconstruction are taking a strong how closely related the various boards and agenhold on the minds of leaders; industrial develop- cies are in their studies, plans, and service. In ment and regulation occupy a prominent position addition to the joint committees of the Home Misin the program of the central government and of sions Council and the Women's Council for Home great municipalities. And from the point of view Missions on Indians, Negroes, New Americans, etc., there are various enterprises, such as the work at Boulder City and Havana, which are con- ducted under the supervision of the Council.

An important field for cooperative service is

work for the Jews. It was the unanimous view council in the Canadian Government, declared of the Council that in this particular field coopera- that the greatest need of our times is the christion is necessary if any adequate service is to be tianizing of our ecclesiastical relations, of our sorendered. The Administrative Committee was in- cial relations, and of our international relations. structed to take the necessary steps to set up a "Racial prejudice," he said, "is in us all; yet it is department on the "Christian Approach to the as anti-Christian as anything can be. We have Jews" for educational or other service in which not accepted as truth the declaration that 'God the boards might desire to cooperate. hath made of one blood all the nations of men', but this is as true as that no individual can live The principle accepted in the matter of comity, today for himself alone." which promises to prevent overlapping in small communities, is "that the Home Mission funds The Home Missions Council re-elected Dr. John ought not to be used for the support of enterprises McDowell as president, Dr. William R. King as which compete with other evangelical denomina- executive secretary, and Rev. J. R. Hargreaves as tions." field secretary. The Women's Council elected as executive secretary Miss Anne Seesholtz. The popular meeting, in connection with the banquet, marked the peak of vision and inspira- The annual meeting, in spite of the economic tion. Bishop Francis J. McConnell sounded a depression which has been so trying to the soul call for consecrated personality in Home Missions of board administrators as well as to the faith and Miss Mabel Cartwright, LL.D., president of and endurance of loyal missionaries on the field, the Women's Auxiliary of the Church of England was marked by the spirit of hope and was forin Canada, issued a challenge to greater courage ward-looking in its plans for the future. It is in her spiritually-appealing and thought-provok- proposed to mark the close of the Five-Year Proing address on "The Call to Adventure in Home gram by another National Congress in January, Mission Work." The Honorable N. W. Rowell, 1934, to review the results of the five-year study King's Councilor, vice-president of the Institute and to consider advance steps for the future. on Pacific Relations, former president of the J. S. CONNING.

STUDENT REACTIONS TO THE VOLUNTEER CONVENTION From a Daughter of India long to. the same town or country, or speak the same language as we. The horizon of our respon- The main impression made by a large conven- sibility is widened out till it reaches to the farthtion of Christian men and women who have come est ends of the earth. to receive new inspiration and to take up the challenge of a world mission is that one finds God in a No one could come away from the convention truer, fuller way, and one recognizes more clearly without realizing that missions have accomplished our responsibility to seek and to find our fellow- great things of real value which other agencies men. This was clearly the great keynote of the have not been able to accomplish. Evangelistic, convention. educational and medical missions have helped to remove many of the outstanding evils of the world It was a great inspiration to watch the youth and have founded many young churches in all of North America so deeply enthusiastic about countries where Christianity was once unknown. bringing the message of Christ to the world. The respect for human personality which Christ Christ is the only solution for all our political and taught has gone far into the hearts of men where social problems, and the missionary movement is human beings were formerly considered to be of therefore one of the most important and greatly little value. needed movements in the world today. This convention clearly opened up a world It was very encouraging to be in close contact vision and the need for Christian missions in a with men and women who are interested in the perplexing situation. same cause in this age of skepticism and doubt. If religion is caught and is not taught, what a con- "I have not been interested in missions," said tribution this convention makes to the American an American college graduate to me, "but this youth! The representatives from other countries convention has shown me what missions mean to received inspiration from meeting those who the world." have a common aim and have devoted their lives to serving our Master. "It has been a great inspiration to meet at this convention men and women who are consecrated At the convention we came to realize more fully to the service of God," said another lady.

the responsibility of each Christian for uplifting "How may I -get the same spirit and the same Christian enthusiasm that are found in our leadthe rest of humanity. We were clearly shown ers and speakers and how may I pass them on to others?" were questions expressed by many a that our "brothers" are not merely those who be-

student at the convention. This challenge may who shared with us their experiences of the past mean a great deal to the future of the world. We and their faith for the future. have seen the need for finding God in all His power and His love and finding our fellowmen. The Buffalo Convention brings before me a se- We feel the need for one hundred per cent Chris- ries of impressions vivid and varied, but all extian men and women who will bring the message pressing the fellowship of Christians aU over the of Christ to this needy world. The responsibility world. They include impressions of groups and of each Christian has been so clearly shown that of leaders, but most of all impressions of new one feels ready to take up the challenge. ideas. Some one has said, "Nothing hurts so much as the entrance of a new idea," but the stu- "He is counting on you; if you fail, what then?" dents at Buffalo received plenty of new ideas! MARIAM MATHEWS. The conference is over, but the impressions re- main. We wonder what will be the real results! Biblical Seminary, New York. MARGARET T. SCOTT. From a Chinese Delegate Smith College, Northampton.

When thousands of delegates from different parts of the world, moved by one religious faith, From a Yale Senior meet under one roof, we might feel that world fel- At the end of most student conventions the col- lowship is no longer merely an ideal but a fact. lege delegate is found wondering what definite After hearing addresses dealing with the analysis values, if any, he has derived from the meeting.

of our modern world we were convinced that the Not so at the close of the recent Student Volun- world is really full of disharmony and chaos. teer Convention.

Under such conditions we realized that the world The first conviction is that Christian missions needs our united effort to bring about the real today are exerting a definite influence for good world fellowship. in all parts of the world. Evidence is not lacking.

The influence of the convention on the outgoing To learn from men just back from the field that missionaries was to give a .lot of information to conversions are made by Christian example rather those who were not familiar with the mission than by argument; to hear that the finances of field, but those who are familiar with the situa- medical clinics, such as that conducted by Dr. Wal- tion felt that the convention failed to give any ter Judd at Shaowu, in one of the most disturbed definite Christian program to reconstruct the areas of China, are handled by the Chinese them- world. C. C. LIANG. selves, and the hospital is actually operating with . Hartford SemirurLry and Yenching University. a bank balance of some six thousand dollars; to From a Senior at Smith understand that Christian missionaries are work- Two great central features of the Student Vol- ing to bring the people whom they today are helpunteer Convention at Buffalo were the large auditorium meetings, where we got a sense that we ing to the place where they will be able to help were in a great movement that really stretched around the world, and the smaller Round Table themselves-all this makes any thoughtful person groups where we could discuss to our hearts' content what we had heard in the larger meetings. desire to support these missionaries in what they There were some tremendously powerful things are doing to make a better world. said at the conference by missionaries and national leaders from around the world. Many of The Buffalo Convention impressed on aU presthese made a deep and lasting impression. Every meeting seemed to be a climax, but the climax of ent the fact a reduction of armaments alone canclimaxes for me was the evening when Dr. Walter Judd spoke on "The Way of Love in China" and not secure world peace over a period of years. gave a message that swept that crowd of students off its feet. At a committee meeting which fol- This will come only through the realization that lowed that session we just had to give up and go home. You cannot get your feet on the ground a nation's problems are the world's problemswhen you have been hit by the impelling force of a powerful ideal that sweeps you miles out into and that we in America are not only United States the beyond. New lines of vision had been opened up to us and we seemed to be such infinitesimal citizens but world citizens. The day when man parts of God's world that we felt a jolt every time we realized the potential horizons of action before will be living in such a utopia seems to be far off, us. We can never be too grateful to the leaders but this is no reason to be downcast, as was point- ed out by Professor J abavu, a South African na- tive. One should go about smiling with the faith that no matter what condition world affairs may be in, God is definitely at work in His world.

Behind every activity at the convention-in the "round table" discussions, in the platform speech- es, and particularly in Dr. T. Z. Koo's final ad- dress on "The Cross," was expressed the crying need for God-centered men in every walk of life today. HAZARD GILLESPIE.

Yale University.

Love-The Way of Victory In China*

..:( By WALTER H. JUDD, M. D. ):..

American Board Mission, Shaowu, Fukien, China W HY are we so careless about the invest- the most remarkable women I ever saw. She can ment of the only life we have? We spend do more good and· with greater graciousness and much time in planning what we will do with less effort than any person I have ever seen. with a summer vacation or some other little epi- She has had thirteen children, of whom twelve sode, but when it comes to deciding what we are are living. She had trachoma for two years and going to do with the only life we have, we just I had to operate on the lids twice. Not one of her hope that something will turn up to decide it for children ever had trachoma-she is that clean.

us. I am interested in my life, She is the best midwife in the as you are interested in yours. hospital and does most of the I don't want to throw it away The most stirring address work throughout the c h u r c h on a hopeless enterprise. I district. want to make it count for some- given at the recent Student thing. Mrs. Chao is also very artis- Volunteer Convention was by tic. She draws and paints, and When I went to China six almost every evening, as we sat years ago I had reasons strong this young medical missionary there, while I studied Chinese enough to cause me to pull up who has spent six years in with the younger boys, she was my roots here and try to trans- doing fancy work. One eveplant them over there. They China. His hospital was loot- ning I counted sixty-six pieces were arm chair convictions, if ed by bandits many times; he of cloth on which she was you like; but there is another drawing designs so that .some way of forming convictions- was once stood up to be Shot mother could embroider it, for and was twice in the hands of bandits. What he learned of the Chinese and the way to by flinging one's faith down in win them for Christ is here a cap or bib, hoping that Mrs. the heat of battle and seeing told with compelling power. Chao having done it, her child what comes out-the scientific It is the experience of a young will be strong and healthy. follower of Christ who has method, we might call it. Some This wonderful woman loves of the convictions I had before not feared to face death for the whole district, and goes out I went to China were strength- the sake of his Master and to do evangelistic work among ened beyond belief, and some those for whom the Master the people, everything fro m did not hold. To others I was died. how to bathe the baby to how driven by the sheer exigencies to read the Bible.

of the difficult situation. I Two years and a half ago, would like to share with you some of those convic- when I had been living in the hospital on the same tions. I can report to you that they hold! food as the patients and the nurses, Mrs. Chao 1. The first conviction is that all people around said to me, "Doctor Judd, you are getting thin."

the world are essentially the same. I have lived "No," I said, "I was always like this."

for two years in a Chinese home, most of that time "But you are getting thinner. You aren't get- the only man who spoke English in that part of ting good enough food. You ought to have somethe country, about twelve days' journey from any other American. In that home were twelve chil- body to look after you." dren. I understand the members of that family Then this woman with twelve children took me better than I understand some of the members of my own family from whom I have been separated on as the thirteenth. If you knew her you never for six years. again would say, "What difference does it make to us what happens to China." Mrs. Chao, the mother of this family, is one of When I went· into Chinese homes the young- sters, as soon as they saw that I wouldn't bite • This is an address given at the recent Student Volunteer Conven- them, would edge up to me, and want to feel my tion in Buffalo. Dr. Judd was for six years medical missionary in one white skin, particularly the hair on my wrist. of the most disturbed areas of China. He was traveling secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement in 1924 and 1925.-Edita.-.

[73]

They thought: Foreigners have hair on their erty. We assume such changes are possible, inwrists just like animals. evitable. We in the West have learned to change because of the stimulation of one nation by an- Yes, there are differences of color in human other near at hand. China was surrounded by beings, and differences of language and custom; natural barriers which prevented such stimulation but the loves and the hates, the passions and de- from neighboring nations. sires, the capacity for sorrow and joy are the same. This may seem trite but if we believed it China is bounded on the Southwest by the Himwe would act differently. alaya Mountains, on the Northwest by the Gobi Desert, on the East and South by the sea. As a Isolation Is Abolished result, she built this self-contained, stagnant, un- changing nation. An occasional Marco Polo, or 2. Secondly, in a world in which the people are Jesuit priest, or other individual came through essentially the same, we must all stand or fall to- and there was a certain amount of foreign trade. gether. That is my second conviction. Interesting individuals from abroad caused a lot of comment in the Imperial Courts, but there was America, my own beloved country, cannot keep no impact of one civilization over on another. It her material wealth, her standard of living, to say was as though a man landed on this planet from nothing of her soul, while the rest of the world Mars. We would be interested in him and would lies prostrate. She can't do it. I don't hesitate to have big headlines about it in the newspapers, be dogmatic about it. but he wouldn't make any difference in our daily living. We have a peace problem. It takes two nations to make a war and it takes two to make a treaty. But suppose that day after tomorrow Mars No treaty of peace will ever be more than a scrap bumped up against the Earth and sent men and of paper unless both nations enter into it with machinery and implements of war to our planet good faith. that were far more advanced than ours? Suppose that in everything we tried to compete with them It takes two races to make a race problem. we always came off second best? That is precisely And it is not enough to change the attitude of what has happened to China. one race in order to solve that problem. The Chinese civilization is built around the The economic depression is occupying our ho- blood unit, the family. Ours is built around the rizon today. How are we going to get our fac- political unit, the State. In China, as long as a tories running again? man maintained peace and paid his taxes there was no interference by the government. His fam- As long as there is a man in America who does ily and his clan ran itself quite adequately for a piece of work in a factory at seven dollars a four thousand years. We have no conception of day, while in China a man is turning out the same the terrific momentum of that thing, and then, product for ten cents a day, we cannot jack the suddenly they were called upon to change and tariff wall up high enough to overcome that in- modernize their manner of life and their philosoequality. American labor cannot maintain the phy. Inevitably great difficulties arose. standard of living to which it is accustomed and meet that competition. If the standard of living Let me give a concrete illustration of how this in China doesn't come up somewhere near ours, old, unchanging world of China was suddenly then ours must go down nearer to theirs. We called upon to modernize her worn out, inadequate can't live by ourselves alone. civilization. For centuries China did not feel the need of transportation facilities because every dis- Unless we remember certain basic principles trict was self-contained. Now there is not enough we can't make sense out of some things that hap- food in a district to supply the need. A man can't pen in China. We are apt to assume that the Chinese will do in a certain situation what we would a carry more than about one hundred and thirty do, and he probably will not. pounds of rice day, and since he must eat, by the If you will keep one or two facts in the back time he reaches a distant famine stricken region of your mind, they will help you to understand he ha1? eaten up all his own rice. You can't solve the difficulty in China. the problem that way.

The first is that China built and maintained for They do not build railways because it takes over four thousand years a civilization on the as- capital and you can't save much money out of sumption of an unchanging world. It never had from thirty-five to sixty dollars income a year. changed, and she supposed it never would change. Foreigners must have high rates of interest if Our western civilization is based on the assump- they loan capital because the risk is so great and tion of the inevitability of a changing world. We they insist upon having an army in China to protalk in religion about the Kingdom of Heaven on tect their interests. So China does not want forearth; in politics about the United States of the World; in economics about the abolition of pov-

LOVE-THE WAY OF VICTORY IN CHINA

eign built railroads and can't transport rice to hope for China except in producing the right kind famine districts. of men and women. In a Chinese classic, I came across this word, written hundreds of years ago The language is also difficult. In my province by one of the old scholars: there are over two hundred dialects. Every forty or fifty miles you go, you find that they speak an If you are going to plant for one year, sow grain; if entirely different dialect. There is also the lack you are going to plant for ten years, put in trees; if you of a national press. In America, in twenty-four are going to plant for one hundred years, grow men. hours after an event happens three-fourths of our people are aware of it. In China it is weeks be- That presents the whole genius of the missionfore many people hear. Not more than ten or ary enterprise. There is no system of mass profifteen per cent can read and write. We don't duction of character. We must help China derealize what a unifying and educating influence velop men of character. our press exerts. Sun Yat Sen was only one man, but for forty There are many different opinions in China. It years he never swerved a hair's breadth from one is confusing. Some believe in competition; others idea and devotion. He changed the whole face of desire Communism. Another group says that it is China. He was a man of absolute integrity. Milthe machine that makes the Western civilization lions of dollars went through his hands, and not a great. While another group says that machines penny stuck. We must not be discouraged if we put millions out of employment. This group says can produce even one man of Christ-like character. we need dictatorship in our government, and an- There is no hope except in men of the right type. other group says democracy; this group says the I believed that before. I am dead sure of it now. way is force; we must have a great army and navy. Others say we need economic power. An- The Way of Love Works other group says that force is always a sign of defeat; the way is love and good will. 4. The next conviction that I want to share with you is that the way of love works. I be- With all these confusing, conflicting ideas is it lieved it was true before I went to China, but I a wonder there is difficulty in China today? But was afraid it might not stand the test. difficult as it is, the problem of China must be solved. Our nation herself cannot live without My hospital in Shaowu has been taken over China. seven times by hostile groups in the last five years. Every time we were practically cleaned The Great Need Is Men out, except the drug room. Thank heaven the drugs come in the foreign bottle with the foreign 3. My third great conviction is that there is no names and they were ,afraid to monkey with them solution to any of these problems, at home or because they heard that some contained poison. abroad, except in producing the right sort of men. That enabled me to carryon. I believe in treaties and disarmament and institutions, but I sometimes wonder if we don't let our- There were many Chinese with sore toes and selves believe too much in anything that is signed blisters, and stomach ache, or cough, and fevers by men who are less than trustworthy men of who had to forego their pride for a moment and good will. come to the foreign doctor. They are prejudiced against us until they know us, just as we are prej- We have a maxim in medicine that you must not udiced against them-until we know them. That give a hypodermic of morphine to a patient until is natural. We all do it. I don't like it, but I can't you have made a diagnosis, because the morphine get excited about it. gives you a false sense of security and you can't make a correct diagnosis. If we have disarma- They are prejudicial and misjudge us. They ment conferences with men of less than good will, say this man is a white man-off with his head. we must not take a hypodermic of morphine that Later they may discover that this particular forgives us a false sense of security. It will rob the eigner is more or less harmless, and some of the world of the one remedy that will save the world, more sensitive spirits are ashamed of th:;tt shabby and that is the religion of Christ. treatment of the early days.

I sometimes feel that we cannot depend on any- Three of many illustrations may show concretething done by men who are less than Christian ly that the "way of love" does work. men. I know China's faults, but someone must help China build internal restraint of character In 1927, when I had been in China only a short to take care of the old external restraints of social time, the Nationalist movement was advancing and family life, or China will go down. Many from the South, fed up with Russian propaganda. young Chinese, with the finest ideals, are trying Russia was trying to promote a world revolution to modernize this great nation, but there is no and the greatest obstacle was the British Govern- ment. If she could break Great Britain's hold in China, she could overthrow the government. She taught the Chinese to hate all Britishers.

When the Communist army entered Shaowu I knew he was a bandit and he knew that I somebody told them I was a Britisher. They knew he was a bandit, but we didn't say anybound me up to shoot me. I protested that I was thing about it. That man became my protector not a Britisher, but they didn't believe me. So and you ought to have heard him take my part. naturally they paid no attention to what I said. Here was a prize of $50,000, (they think we are I was talking full speed. It is amazing how well all rich; they made a mistake) and they didn't you can talk Chinese when you have to! I tried want to lose me. to delay the game long enough for my friends to gather around to take my part. I tried to get my The man protested for two hours and finally, passport, but they wouldn't let me loose to go prevailed. They put four men on the boat and sent word to the main body of bandits down beafter it. low not to shoot us when we went by. In about three minutes-I thought it was three Again I found that the way of love works. weeks-along came a farmer. I didn't recognize him then, but I found afterwards that I had once Three Months in Captivity operated on a boil on his neck. That apparently incurred the man's favor. He heard me protest- Another experience that proved this was when ing, "I am not an Englishman; I am an Ameri- I was in captivity last year, under the hands of can." He had never been ten miles away from the most cruel, vicious man I ever saw. Every home in his life and had no idea what an Ameri- country has good men and women and every councan was, but he knew I was trying to convince try has bad men and women. This was a terrible these people so he swore that I was an American. man. He was ignorant and uneducated; but a man who can hold out as the head of a band of He got down on his knees and hit his head on eight or nine thousand bandits has force of charthe rocks until the blood ran out. One man acter. grabbed him by the back of his coat and another pricked him with his bayonet. They hit him with He captured our city in 1930 and was there the butts of their guns. I thought they were go- for three months. As long as he was allowed to ing to kill him then and there. He delayed the get money from the taxes he would do it with the game long enough for others to come and take my pretense of legality. I attended to my business part. Finally the magistrate told them to let me and took care of them and didn't make any effort go and they apologized. to escape, so they left me alone.

One little touch of kindness, such as that farmer This bandit chief got a bad Gase of conjuctivitis. had experienced in the hospital, works wonders. He took Chinese medicine and got worse. Then he came to me, and I was able to clear it up. That About three years ago I was going down the put him under some obligation. river with another doctor who was very ill. He had to go down the river where he could get better When the fighting in the North was finished, care or he was sure to die. There was great risk and the National Army started to send good troops on the river from bandits. The second day out back to the South, we knew we were headed for we ran into the bandits-40 or 50 of them. I trouble. About that time I came down with the thought, "If they take me on the hill, it is all right. forty-sixth attack of malignant malaria. It was I am young and perhaps can talk them out of it, the worst. I couldn't develop resistance to it. One but if they take old Dr. Bliss, he will die in one attack came on when I was especially busy. After night from midwinter exposure." Luckily among a night of delirium, I was clear in the morning the bandits I saw a fellow I recognized as having and said to the little nurse, the daughter of Mrs. been in the hospital as a patient. Nobody likes to Chao, a graduate of a Methodist hospital in Pekbe known as a bandit and many of them will go ing, and the finest nurse I ever worked with, "I to the hospital some time during the year to get know how people feel who have been caught out cleaned up and be a good citizen for a while. This in the snowstorm and want to lie down and die." man had been a good friend of mine as far as I knew, when he was in the hospital. Now he began That little nurse came to me with the tears pourto edge off, for he was ashamed to let me see him ing down her face. She knew what we were up there. I walked up to him and said, "My, I am against, for she had seen people die of malignant glad I ran into you! The old doctor is very ill malaria. and must go down the river. I was nervous about things for I heard there were bandits and was I told her to go to her uncle, who runs a mediafraid we might run into some." cine shop and had been given some of our good quinine, and to get enough for injections to last "That is right," he said, "there are bandits down eight or nine days. If she could not get it there here. You ought not to go down the river." she was to send a telegram to the folks in Foo- chow, and to persuade the postal authorities to "Can't you do something to help m~?" I asked. allow some to be sent up by carrier, because the parcel post service had been suspended. That was

the last I knew for four days. She got the qui- a Christian ought to act, I am not afraid of the nine. For eleven days I wasn't able to swallow consequences.

a thing-that nurse had to give me nourishment 5. The way of love works, yes, but the way of by other means. love is the way of the Cross. It can't stop short of When I began to take a little nourishment a the cross. When you live alone for two years and Swiss Catholic priest was brought in. He lived get under your mosquito net at dark so you won't in a neighboring district and had become very ill. die of malaria, you have a lot of time to think.

There we were, two sick foreigners, twelve days' This idea haunts me in the middle of the night.

journey from the next white man! I had to do the It is fundamental. It is the whole foundation of best I could for him. But he had multiple abscess the program of Christ.

of the liver and was so far gone I was sure he Jesus preached as never man can preach, so we couldn't get well. I went to him day by day in a preach as best we can. He taught; so have we chair until I couldn't go any more. Then he died taught. He healed in ways we haven't been able and I came pretty near going with him. That to duplicate; so have we healed. He lived his win- little nurse never wavered. some life among the people. He loved them with When I began to pick up strength word came His glorious love. He shared his magnificent per- the soldiers were being sent down to take the dis- sonality with them. But all that was not enough.

trict and this bandit group would be cleaned up. We seem to assume that if we just keep on teach- They would take me and hold me for ransom, be- ing and healing and preaching long enough and cause they needed a doctor. Worse. than that, living and loving and sharing long enough, the they would take my little nurse who is the best Kingdom will come. We have been at it for 1900 trained and most attractive girl in the whole dis- years, and it hasn't come yet. I cannot avoid the trict. She would have a fate far worse than that haunting conviction that we will be at it for 19,000 of a concubine. years more on that basis. If Jesus Christ, my That was at Christmas time a year ago. This Lord and yours, with the winsomeness of the Son New Year's Eve I sat and watched a party of gay of God, was not able to break down the intractable Americans in a hotel, and I thought of the year human hearts by preaching and healing and lov- ago New Year's Eve. I thought, "Is it possible ing and sharing, then you will never be able and I that people are living here in this way, and at the will never be able to do it by that method.

same time, over in China, on the same earth, two I am dead sure now that there is no other way such utterly different situations can exist?" for the Kingdom of God to come, except the way The day before the last New Year a secretary of the Cross-the way of death.

from headquarters said: "Doctor, we are going Does that mean physical death? No. Don't be to leave and they are going to take you and the afraid of that. It will mean death for a handful, nurse, and will loot the city tonight." but that is relatively easy; I can bear testimony.

I knew what would happen to me in two days But the way of the Cross means that those of you of exposure in the middle of the winter. who may become rich will deliberately remain But at seven o'clock, last New Year's Eve, Lu poor for the sake of the Kingdom; those who can Ching Me, the leader himself, came into my dis- go out and write your names across the headlines pensary and said: "Dr. Judd, we are leaving to- of the country will deliberately choose to remain night, and I was going to take you along, but I am obscure for the sake of the Kingdom; that those not going to do it. You have taken care of us in who could surround themselves with luxuries will the hospital here, and I know you are not getting deliberately choose to work like servants for the any money out of it. I don't know why you do it. sake of the Kingdom. Christ told us about a man If you had to live the way we will live in the hills who had a lot of pearls, all fine pearls, but when in the middle of the winter, you wouldn't live long. he saw a pearl of great price, for joy he sold all Hence I am not going to take you. How much do his own pearls that he might get the Pearl of we owe the hospital?" That was the first time Great Price. He concentrated on the pearl of one of that type of person had ever offered to pay great price and forgot about the other pearls.

us anything. He paid the hospital $170 and went That is what the Cross is. "He who loses his life out and in the middle of the night, when the shops for my sake and the Gospel," said Jesus, "finds it."

were all closed so they couldn't loot and he could The way of the Cross works. But it is the way of control his own men, he left the city without tak- love that is the way of the Cross.

ing a man or a woman. The way of love works! 6. Finally, I bear my final testimony. When Don't misunderstand me. My religion is not I went to China, I had in my heart this pledge of just a charm to me to keep me safe. I may get Christ: .

picked off the second day I return to China, but I "Lo, I am with you always, even unto the end of will never have another worry, because if I act as the world."

That, too, is true. I was afraid that it might It is true. The way of love, the way of the not work, but it is true. Cross, works. I can't explain it. I can't explain Jesus Christ wants to give us abundant life, and how the food I eat is distributed. Some of it be- we insist on keeping less than abundant life. He comes brain, some blood, some bone. There is no wants to give us gold, and we cling to brass. He chemist in the world who knows all that in de- wants to give us heavenly visions, and we won't tail. If there were he would be the greatest chem- take our eyes off the muck heap. ist the world has ever known. But I haven't Morning after morning, during the hard days stopped eating just because I can't explain it all.

last year, when I was in captivity, and the Reds I cannot explain how the way· of the Cross and Communists were only about a half day's works. It is not in the realm of logical proof. journey distant, during the night nobody took off It is in the realm of demonstration, and it works. his clothes, as the Communists practically always move about at night. During those months, I As I was leaving China last spring, I waited and woke up every morning and prayed this simple waited, hoping somebody would come and take my prayer. It, too, works. I was supported by this place. When the malaria season began again, the prayer just as my bed supported my body. The first of May, I promised my board I would come sense of God's presence held me steady, gave me out, for I was sure it was the right thing to do. confidence and assurance. My people pled with me and said: "You have been so sick, you can't stay here. We know it is terrible. o Master, let me walk with Thee Some of our children will die, but you must go."

In lowly paths of service free; When I pulled out on the first day of May there Tell me Thy secret; help me bear were about four hundred people on the river The strain of toil, the fret of care. banks. I looked at the little youngsters, and thought some of them would die before I returned. You had to go, Christ. They came into your Some of them have died because I was not there. clinic and they touched the hem of your garment. But it seemed I must leave. After all, it was no Something happened to Christ. He will be with worse for them to lose their doctor on the first of me here today. Here is a tooth to pull; there a May by my leaving, than to lose him on the first baby with its abdomen full of worms.

Help me the slow .of heart to move of September by my death. I might be of some By some clear, winning word of love; use if I got over the malaria. .

The word of Thy love is all I have–just a touch. These four hundred friends came, many of them Teach me the wayward feet to stay traveling down through the bandits. Two of them And guide them in the homeward way, were killed and six were wounded in our party.

Help me to stay the wayward feet-including Others have died in the path of duty and love, and my own. here I am well. That ought to make a better man out of me. Teach me Thy patience- The way of love works, but it is the way of the o Christ, I want results. I demand results Cross. We just can't stop short of the Cross. But let no man hesitate. quickly. I want to see the thing done in a hurry. I am not lying to you, my friends. If I told you Teach me Thy patience; still with Thee something I didn't believe with all my heart, or In closer, dearer company; In work that keeps faith sweet and strong, Plain, good, hard work that gives an outlet to that I hadn't demonstrated to be true, I would my tension. be the most despicable cur. Lying! Before God, I am not lying. It works. The way of the Cross In trust that triumphs over wrong; holds. It is not loyalty to an abstract principle, but loyalty to a living Christ who walks with us. Yes, trust, confident, unswerving trust, that triumphs over all wrong.

In hope that sends a shining ray Lo, I am with you always, Far down the future's broadening way; Even unto the end of the world.

If it weren't for hope I would jump into the It is true. Do not be afraid. This is the best Yangtze. China has no hope, except in Christ. thing I know. Any human program is doomed to failure. The realization of hope may not come in my lifetime, Laid on Thy altar, 0 my Lord Divine, but it must come. Accept this gift today for Jesus' sake. I have no jewels to adorn my shrine, In peace that only Thou canst give, No far-famed sacrifice to make With Thee, 0 Master, let me live. But· here within this trembling hand I bring This will of mine, a thing that seemeth small, I cannot see tomorrow, but this day I can live But Thou alone, 0 Lord, doest understand; in peace for I can live with Thee. I yield you this, I yield mine all.

Men Really Need Christ?

By REV. CLELAND B. McAFEE, D. D., New York Author of "Changing Foreign Missions"; Secretary of the Board 11=·' of Foreign Missions, and/ormer Moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

T HE Christian missionary enterprise is essen- pathy for the world's s.orrow and unselfish search for the. tially a religious movement. Tremendous in social implications, its primary motive is not way of escape, which are at the heart of Buddhism; th~ social. Great in international significance, its essential ideal is not internationalism. Rich in in- desire for contact with Ultimate Reality conceived as spirtellectual and educational values, they are not its root values. It moves in the field of religion, both itual, which is prominent in Hinduism; the belief in a in motivation and objectives. moral order of the universe and consequent insistence· on This does not mean that it sets out to re-enforce existing religions, to revitalize and stimulate them, moral conduct, which are inculcated by Confucianism; the though naturally it welcomes all real worth in any religion. It has much in common with all relig- disinterested pursuit of truth and of human welfare which ions, counting them evidences of God's constant witness to Himself, but it does not hope for human are often found in those who stand for secular civilization redemption nor for individual power through but do not accept Christ as their Lord and Saviour. . them. An impressive section of the Message of the Here is no complacent acceptance. of all relig- ions as having equal value, yet it is difficult for Jerusalem Conference deals with just this subject. some earnest Christians to accept even this much Fear had .been expressed that the preparatory recognition of systems of which they have always effort to appraise the non-Christian faiths more thought adversely. fully and more favorably might nullify Christian missions. It would be difficult to find, even in their The preliminary question which now agitates own literature, better summaries of the inner many circles in all lands is whether religion in teachings and counsels of the ethnic faiths than any form is valid and essential, as the very existare given in the Report of that Jerusalem meeting. ence of the missionary enterprise demands. Sup- But the Report strikes no doubtful or hesitant porters of missions probably do not fall away benote regarding the uniqueness and necessity of the cause of the question, but it often diverts added Christian faith. Its note is the more definite be- supporters. cause it is sounded in full hearing of the notes of the ethnic religions. One striking passage is in A wrong answer here would undercut the whole the section which makes "the appeal to non- missionary movement. No effective "drive" can Christians" : carryon so difficult an enterprise without the re- ligious impulse, the only unselfish motive. Indeed, We rejoice to think that just because in Jesus Christ in the interweaving of world interests, it is inthe light that lighteneth every man shone forth in its full creasingly difficult to maintain this unselfish elesplendor, we find rays of that same light where He is un- ment. We hear missionary arguments based on known or even is rejected. We welcome every noble qual- the safety of the sending nations: the West must ity in non-Christian persons or systems as further proof that the Father, who sent His Son into the world, has Christianize the East or be itself submerged; the nowhere left Himself without witness. "Christian" nations must evangelize the other Thus, merely to give illustration, and making no attempt nations or find themselves outfought and outto estimate the spiritual value of other religions to their traded and outschemed. So the missionary moveadherents, we recognize as part of the one Truth that sense of the Majesty of God and the consequent reverence ment becomes a program of self-preservation. We in worship, which are conspicuous in Islam; the deep sym- discuss how the Church can save itself and find part of the answer in carrying on an aggressive missionary program.

This barely escapes the curse of using religion for selfish ends. So great an enterprise cannot be carried on by any such motives, for they are not really religious motives at all. There is no hope for the future except in the continuance and ex- [79]

tension of the purely religious impulse of bringing human race is one and the world is one. There men into intelligent relation to God in Christ, will be different ways of expressing the one with all the consequent values involved in that system of truth, but the truth itself will be the purpose. Here, as in everything that Christ same. In all these lines there are now varying touches, any program of saving one's life is a step systems, but hope does not lie in some skill which toward losing it, and it is not until a man or a will form an eclectic system, combining the vir- church or a nation thinks in terms of losing life tues of all and excluding the errors of each. Some for the sake of spiritual values in other lives that fundamental principle is discovered in each realm life itself can be secured. and that principle is carried to all the world.

Herein lies the serious danger of current pleas Everybody knows that the chemistry discovered to "save religion" or to "prevent the decay of and learned in America will work out in China religion." If religion needs saving it is because and Africa. Biology, good in Cambridge, is good we who profess it do not give it power and place also in Calcutta.

in our own lives. It is the purpose of religion to This is paralleled in religion. There are forms save men, not to be saved by them. Proposals that of religion everywhere. But when a great prin- all religions join in a kind of defensive warfare, ciple of religion is asserted, the test of its truth each forgetting its differences from others in the is in the fact that it is good everywhere. When final desperate effort to keep from being extin- a religion does not seek to become universal, it guished, tend to weaken the cause of each faith. raises the question whether it is really true at all.

Christianity cannot make common cause with all It is not humility which prevents adherents of a the other faiths of the world in trying to save religion from trying to give it to all men; it is something from "the wreck of religion." Nothing lurking doubt whether it is really essential and effective nor helpful can be done about an un- valid everywhere. Imagine a scholar of chemistry named and undescribed "religion" in general declining to favor the teaching of his discoveries which is no one religion in particular. The ques- in other lands because those lands already had tion whether "religion" is valid and effective is ideas of their own about nature and he could not best answered by considering whether the Chris- be sure that what he had found true in his labora- tian religion is valid and effective. For the mis- tory in Germany would be true in Ceylon! Some sionary enterprise the issue is not whether or not think it tolerance to say, "Of course we count our humanity needs some form of religion, but whether religion best for us, but may not the people of mankind really needs and can be given the Chris- other lands do better with other forms of re- tian religion. The fact that it brings to men values ligion?" This is not "tolerance" nor "broadmind- which may have existed in their earlier experi- edness"; it is mere lack of conviction. We would ences of religion is part of the argument, but if it not say it in any other realm of fact. We might does no more it is not worthy of the sacrifice and say it in matters of taste or convenience, as in cost of the missionary effort. forms of art or of government; we could not say We shall never carryon the Christian move- it in matters of fact.

ment (a) on the basis of a general conviction that It all hinges on our conviction that there· are it is better to have religion than not, nor (b) on elements in the Christian faith which are not in the feeling that on the whole and at certain points other forms of religion, no matter how worthy Christianity is better than other religions, nor those forms may be, and that these elements are (c) with the attitude that we are all out to learn essential to a sound religious life for men. The from each other and to correct the errors we have Christian religion is so rich in content that listing all made in organizing our various religious sys- its essential elements is always dangerous. (a) At tems, nor (d) with the hope that some day we least it can be said that nowhere else do men learn may strike a really satisfactory religion by gather- such truth about God as a holy, loving Father, ing the good elements out of all these systems. triune, personal, redemptive, as they learn in the The Christian missionary enterprise is moti- Christian faith, a truth which changes the whole vated by an assurance of the essential and valid outlook of life. (b) Nowhere do men find Jesus nature of the Christian faith, its suitability to all Christ but in that faith of which He is the center men everywhere, and its effectiveness in doing and circumference. The Jerusalem Message says: what humanity needs under all conditions of spir- "Our message is Jesus Christ." Christ and His ituallife. redemptive grace, His atoning death, His resur- If the question arises whether anyone religion rection, His abiding promise of the Kingdom, are can serve all men, in view of their wide variety, not found elsewhere. If we believe that pardon the reply is clear. There can be one chemistry, and peace and power are found in Him we cannot one physics, one mathematical system, because the fail to see that all men need them precisely as we

DO MEN REALLY NEED CHRIST?

do ourselves. (c) The living and loving Holy the world by no agency but the religion which Spirit works when and where and how He will, Christ inspired and maintains. but it is when He takes the things of Christ and shows them unto men that they come to know Him In short, if anyone needs Christ and His rebest and to rest most truly upon Him. Nowhere ligion, everyone needs Him, for He does not make else do men learn Him as in the faith of Christ. His appeal to any peculiarity, but to essential (d) Nor do men anywhere else receive such power humanity, a humanity shared in common by all to obey the mandates of a high and true ethics for men. It is no arrogance for a man to bring the personal and social life. The inner principle of religion which has blessed him to his fellows love to God and to one's neighbor, the use of life everywhere. What else would he do? Is his own in service, not for merit or reward, but for love sense of appreciation to be measured by the depth of Christ and one's fellow men, is spread through of his desire that other men shall share with him in the good he has received?

Doctoring Pagans of the Sudan* By KENNETH G. FRASER, F. R. G. S. IF·· T WENTY-FIVE years ago, in response to an today without being impressed with the very appeal from Lord Cromer, the Church Mis- great changes which the message of the Cross has sionary Society began work among the nu- produced in their life and character. merous pagan tribes inhabiting the two southern provinces of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. An important feature of the missionary effort in every station is its medical work, and when I The forces of the Mahdi, like a withering blight, first arrived in the Sudan, eleven years ago, I was had a few years previously passed over the coun- impressed with the tremendous amount of fine try. They bad borne their share of the general medical work which our missionary clergy were havoc, which in little more than a decade had doing. In those days the physical suffering was reduced the population of the Anglo-Egyptian appalling, but no sufferer ever appealed to our Sudan from eight millions to two millions. Roads missionaries in vain. Even today the non-medical scarcely existed when, in 1905, the Society's first missionary contemplating coming to Africa will batch of six men, under the leadership of L. H. come twice armed if he, or she, bas taken the Gwynne, now Bishop of Egypt, landed on the right trouble to acquire even an elementary training in bank of the White Nile, south of the Sudd area. the "relief of pain." Nearly twenty different languages, spoken by as many different tribes, had to be formulated in Few tasks can have greater thrills for a doctor writing, and then taught to the people in the than to be the first to arrive in the midst of a written form, before much serious headway could strange pagan community, with a plentiful supply be made, for the illiterate pagan soon forgets–or, of drugs and hospital requisites, but with no worse still, distorts even the simplest truths. knowledge of the language, and with notbing bet- ter than a tumble-down native hut to live in. Today there are nine important mission stations scattered about over the larger portion of those The hut in this case being small and not clean, two provinces. One is a school for the higher was used only for dressing. We lived and worked training of evangelists, teachers and government in the open before a crowd of wondering natives employees. Four other stations have an ever- who kept coming from far and near to see us and spreading network of bush schools, and most of who observed our every movement as children the people coming forward for Christian instruc- watch the movements of some strange creature at tion first hear the Gospel message in these bush the Zoo. schools. For days, mysterious-looking boxes kept arriv- No one could visit these very primitive tribes ing on men's heads from the river port, 127 miles away. These contained our household belongings, • Condensed from The Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society food and hospital supplies. After a few days a Quarterly. woman was brought in, terribly mauled by a lion.

It happened near the spot in the bush where we only relieves but prevents an incredible amount of had dum,ped our things and which was to become physical suffering. Unfortunately, however, more our station. She was alone in a hut with her six- than half the suffering which is the lot of every months-old baby. The lion burst open the door African pagan is not physical but mental; it lies and seized the mother, who, with fine maternal beyond the reach of either drug or knife.

instinct, rolled over on her child to protect it. The Marshal Lyautey, that French Cromer, has said lion dragged her to the door and before he could that throughout the whole of his career in Africa get her through her screams had brought two he has always regarded the doctor as the pioneer men with burning logs of wood (no lion will face of civilization, and with this most Mrican admin- that) to the rescue. They found her still covering istrators will readily agree. It must be remem- the child with her own body and brought her to us. bered, however, that medicine and surgery, how- She was the first Moru patient to receive chloro- ever up-to-date, are by themselves powerless, as is form. Crowds gathered round the table, and I was secular education, to change the heart of man, and thankful we were in the open air. That I had not a civilization that leaves human nature unchanged killed her did not, of course, occur to any of them, may be disastrous for Mrica. Hence the impera- and great w:as their consternation when later in tive need in these days of keeping evangelism at the day she was able to talk to them and assure the very center of all our missionary effort, them that she had felt no pain, and that she had whether medical, educational or industrial.

no recollection of my having hurt her on the table. In stations where this need is not emphasized, They smote their thighs and exclaimed, Manok- the missionary has surrendered any claim to supe- w()i, ono toM which I know now means "Well, I riority which his work may have over similar never; this beats me!" It was our first major work carried on by non-missionary agents.

operation under chloroform. As I couldn't attend What gives our dispensary system its real and to both ends of the patient at the same time, I lasting value, as a means of creating a new Africa, needed someone to give the anesthetic. Yilu, the is the fact that side by side with each dispensary local chief, looked the most intelligent man in the is a church school. It is a large building, seating crowd, so I engaged him to do the job for me, and three to four hundred people. During week days he did so with satisfaction for about one and a it is used as a mission school and on Sundays as a half years. He then had an accident, and the case church. died from an overdose, whereupon he completely lost his nerve and resigned the post. Fortunately, The old scholars, in batches of five, help in rotathe patient was only a young monkey, which was tion for one week in the dispensary, thus learning brought to me for a minor operation. the meaning of service as well as much elementary but useful medical work. It eases the burden of In a country with a population of only six to the dispensary workers and enables them to lend the square mile (England has 650) it is obviously a hand in school. impossible for more than a small proportion of Much depends on the witness of the older Christhose who could be cured in a hospital ever to reach tian boys in charge of these centers. Each Sunday there, because the distances are so enormous. they have to preach to crowds of from three to Every village has its own tragic tale of suffering, seven hundred people, and it is from their lips but when it comes to carrying a patient fifty to that the people first hear of Him. "Who died etersixty miles to the Central Hospital, he is often nallife to bring, and lives that death may die." just left to die, or perhaps brought in when it is Each teacher has the moulding of the charactoo late to save life. ters of some forty or fifty school boys and the Thus it was that early this year we opened up . preparing of all enquirers. seven district dispensaries and put our best At the end of the month we try to get the trained Christian boys in charge. native leaders from each of the centers into the They are all well stocked with the usual routine Central Station for a quiet week-end. When saydrugs and dressings. The hospital lorry visits ing good-bye to them on Monday morning, as they each dispensary every ten days or so to replenish return to their work, I realize how much they drugs, etc., and bring serious cases to the hospital. stand in need of prayer. The moment they get The people are overjoyed and each of the chiefs back to their stations they are beset with counthas gladly undertaken to keep his own dispensary less temptations, and if anyone class in Mrica buildings in repair. has a greater claim than another on the prayers This year it is hoped to further extend our bor- of God's people, it is the young African bush ders along these lines, as soon as suitably trained school teacher or dispenser, just emerged from boys become available. paganism and seeking to witness for Christ in his This sort of work is most gratifying, for it not own district or village.

Miracles at

.• =4: By IRENE MASON HARPER Moga, Panjab, India T ALKING with a village preacher who is pro- the school buildings to earn his own way to claiming the Gospel of Christ to the outcastes "education." of a village in the Moga District about a year Seven years later, at a starlight service, under ago, I asked him to recall some of his significant the great trees of Moga School, this boy faced a memories. In simple but colorful Panjabi lan- new crisis. The man spoke lovingly of Ray Har- guage he painted for me picture after picture of rison Carter, who conceived the idea of the Moga the Christward movement in Indian villages. Training School, struggled and sacrificed to found First I saw a boy of twelve, physically strong it, and lived with those first boys, sharing their and healthy, able to work for his own support, deepest experiences. At this evening service Mr.

sitting at the edge of a field Carter made an appeal to his and watching the grazing cat- Moga is achieving the impossible. older students to give their tIe for whom he is caretaker. At this fascinating mission school lives in sacrificial service to In the distance he hears the outcaste village boys, who have the outcaste village people.

clamor of school boys at their been considered untouchable and What a request to the boy who play on the outskirts of the unteachable, are learning to become had struggled so hard to lift village. This lad's head is leaders and teachers of their own himself out of that class into bowed upon his knees. Stolid, people. They are taught by the which he had been born! Was modern project method which has you say, asleep, indifferent, or made the school famous throughout he, who had so miraculously stupid? This would be nat- India. Rev. and Mrs. Arthur E. been given a chance to leave ural for an outcaste boy of Harper, missionaries of the Ameri- behind that old life, now to go ignorant, degraded origin. No! can Presbyterian Church, are in back to it? The struggle was charge of the work, and here Mrs.

In that boy's heart is rising a Harper tells the remarkable story quiet, but none the less real.

cry so bitter, so sharp that, of how these villagers are trained The village preacher told me after nearly twenty years, this to think and to live, and to serve that he thought his experience man spoke the very words to others 8S true Christians. was a common one among me with trembling lips: "0 Moga boys. With Christ's help God, 0 God, why did you cause me to be born?" he decided to accept the challenge, as the majority I asked my friend if he thought it was common of Moga graduates have decided to do, and today for children of the outcastes thus to resent their he is the head of a Christian village home, shep- lot. "Yes," he said, and gave the reasons with herding village Christians and carrying the mes- which all who know the caste system in India are sage of Christ, by his sincere life and simple familiar. He then told me how the idea was born speech, to the outcastes in the surrounding vil- in him that if he could only "get learning" he lages.

could be lifted out of his low condition. The Moga Training School for Village Teachers The next picture he described showed me a is conducted by the American Presbyterian Mis- group of tents pitched on the edge of the village. sion. This school has just celebrated its twentieth The usual group of village children are crowding anniversary and has inaugurated the Ray Harri- round, peeping through the flaps. Among them is son Carter Memorial Fund in honor of that far- one who pushes in, with a humble, trembling seeing, devoted missionary who literally gave his salaam. At the kind voice of the missionary the life that Moga and its ideals might live.

boy speaks his desire: "I want reading." An Urdu Moga is a boarding school, with kindergarten, Primer is produced, and the missionary sits down primary and middle classes (through the eighth to give the boy his first reading lesson. A few grade) and a normal course for training teachers.

days later that boy is entered as a pupil at the At present it has an enrollment of 192, mainly new mission boarding school at Moga. He is set Christian boys from the villages. A few non- to work in the wheat fields and at coolie labor on Christian applicants are admitted, but the school [83]

is already crowded beyond capacity and many are Moga is, in essence, a Christian school which necessarily turned away. There is no reason, ex- seeks to make its methods of teaching thoroughly cept lack of room, why boys of all castes should Christian. It challenges the common notion of not have the privileges of this school; but its first teaching as merely imparting information, and duty is to the poor and underprivileged. There is substitutes the ideal of guiding the growth of no area of life in India which more needs Christ individuals in their personal life and social relathan does the village, and Moga's main purpose is tions. It strives to follow Christ in His emphasis to prepare Christian leaders for the villages. In on the supreme worth of the individual, the vital importance of freedom, and the call to active service. Moga believes that in the technical de- tails of education, such as selecting the subject matter and determining the methods of teaching, some ways are more effectively Christian than other ways. That is why Moga is interested in modern methods.

Learning by Doing TEACHING VILLAGE INDUSTRIES AT MOGA Moga boys learn, not by memorizing text-books and precepts of conduct, but by active experience. this it has been more successful than most mission Here is a class, for instance – the Sixth Grade boarding schools. Of 138 recent graduates (1926- several years ago – which chose for their central 1930) of the Normal Training Class, 119, or more interest a study of the Government Hospital in than 85 per cent, are known to be in positions of the town a mile distant. They made several visits leadership in villages. and reported on various aspects of the work of the hospitals, the plans of buildings and grounds, Modern Methods of Training costs, drugs used, duties of staff, etc. The class then decided to open a daily dispensary in their A distinguished visitor wrote in the Moga School own classroom, to give simple remedies and aid to log book: "A privilege to see this school in which fellow pupils and other people on the compound. teaching is an art and learning a pleasure." The They borrowed some furniture, made other, earned modern methods at Moga are methods of joyful, and collected money to buy drugs, studied the useful, Christian living. The average school is sources of drugs, estimated the cost of running very different. In most schools in India, it would their dispensary, learned careful weighing of be fair to say that learning is a dull business for small quantities, labelled the bottles, made signs the children. Boys and girls con their compulsory and charts and notices and record books. The dislessons with little interest beyond their docile wish pensary was open every day, the first half hour of to please the teacher. Text-books and teacher's school, and was well patronized. The boys served methods take little account of the natural interests in turn by pairs, opening with prayer, and inof the pupils, nor of their daily life needs. The structing as well as treating the patients. Much traditional subject matter is, to the teachers as of the subject matter required in the government well as pupils, like the laws of the Medes and the curriculum for this year was needed in this project Persians. Learning is practically synonymous besides a large amount of additional hygiene and with memorizing, and memorizing is for the tem- practical knowledge. The boys studied it all with porary purpose of gaining promotion or passing a the greatest keenness and interest. government examination. Covering the required course of formal lessons is the accepted aim of To another class, in the daily period devoted to most of the teachers. The idea of working for Bible study, was proposed the problem, "If you growth of the pupils in character and effective could tell ten, and only ten, Bible stories to a living has apparently not occurred to them, or if group of boys of your own age (twelve to fifteen they give lip service to the ideal of Christian years) what ten would you choose?" These boys character building, it is not a controlling objective worked about three months on that lead. They of their methods and management. searched the Scriptures from cover to cover, and many a lively debate was held. They thought ear- nestly on the needs of village boys, their natural interests, and the spiritual values of many Old and New Testament stories. They finally chose ten stories from the Gospels. They made a poster for each story, with original drawings and a pertinent

MODERN MIRACLES AT MOGA

text inscribed thereon in their most decorative this class in discussing the fears of village people. Urdu script. These pictures were used by some of These little fellows had sad knowledge of the these boys in telling Bible stories in the villages. many superstitions which terrorize the dwellers This is a sample of the way the pupils naturally in these mud huts. One bright lad suggested the desire to share in witnessing for Christ in the Twenty-third Psalm as ,a good antidote to fear. He villages. They are learning to do this, not through said that he liked to say it to himself in the dark. compulsion or precept, but through purposeful The class took up the. idea and decided to illustrate experience. their beloved Shepherd Psalm on a large piece of cardboard which could be shown to village folk From Real Life who need comfort and the new teaching as to the love and care of God. For the resulting colored As learning by doing is the principle which con- poster, in illuminated Urdu script with original trols the method of teaching, so relatedness to life illustrations, the children nearly used up their one is the principle controlling the selection of what box of water colors (from the Woolworth stores is to be learned. The learning of Moga boys is not in America) which must be made to do for the formal information, divided into dry "subjects of class for a whole year! study," but is vitally related to their own lives and environment. Last year the Second Grade built in One class, after completing their house, desired the school yard what they called their "Ocean to hold a dedication service. They prepared invi- Project." A water-shed and a river system, con- tations which were presented to the primary nected by canals with their own home villages, classes, the teachers and missionaries, and a group poured into the great sea. Little boys, 800 miles of visitors who happened to be inspecting the remote from the nearest ocean port, packed tiny school. These latter were non-Christian guests, barges with bundles of cotton and wee bags of who were much impressed with the natural manwheat, and followed their village products out into ner in which the boys conducted a religious service the wide world. Boats and lighthouses, and even planned entirely by themselves. The completed submarines, built themselves into the picture, and house was decorated with appropriate Bible verses horizons widened for these children of narrow, -among these "Except the Lord build the house, underprivileged homes. Even as the little folk of they labor in vain that build it." One of the pupils your fortunate American schools, they learned of prayed very simply and sincerely for God's bless- "the great, wide, wonderful world, with the won- ing on their work. derful waters around you curled." . About a year ago the Seventh Grade chose for The close relationship of the curriculum to life their "project" the planning of a Model Village. is apparent to anyone who notes the activities which the various classes choose to carryon. All A PROJECT FOR BOYS-BUILDING A VILLAGE HOUSE of the class enterprises are not derived from the village environment, for we try to encourage the They considered all the needs of the villagersbroader, cultural interests as well as the practical economic, social, spiritual-and planned how these experiences. Nevertheless, a large part of the needs could be met in the spirit of Christ. Pracstudies which occupy Moga boys are related to tical plans for village sanitation, for the education rural interests. In the First Grade, for instance, of girls as well as boys, for the overcoming of the boys usually choose to build a house in their poverty and debt, were considered. They made a classroom. Like their own village homes, it is a clay model of an improved village house and one-room mud hut. In planning and measuring exhibited this at a Rural Uplift Mela, a sort of their house, they learn considerable arithmetic, writing and drawing. They make and count hundreds of sun-dried bricks; they read stories about the house and the people and animals who belong to it. More important lessons they learn from this educational mud-pie play, for the question of windows arises, and the unsanitary, windowless village home is condemned as the boys' knowledge of health grows. Clay figures are made to inhabit the house, and the conversation is led to the proper care of animals or to the problems of right relationships in the home. Often the Bible lessons present Christian ideals of home life. One year, several weeks of the Bible period were spent in

county fair, in the market town of Moga. Here trips to villages at least once a week, on Sundays they explained to visitors the details and distrib- and sometimes oftener, and hold Christian servuted a leaflet prepared by themselves, giving esti- ices. Sometimes lectures are given or dramas for health education, etc. What is needed is more conmates of cost and the kind of houses advocated. tinuity in their efforts, more actual practice in Through experiences like these, Moga boys are meeting human needs. For this we hope to have a Moga-on-Wheels, a well-equipped demonstration preparing to enter helpfully into the life of the truck, in which four students, with teaching mavillage. All the older classes share also in definite terials, a small library, simple remedies, samples of seeds and improved agricultural implements, a lantern with colored Bible pictures, etc., can travel to a remote village and live there for a week at a time to carry on practical Christian work. With such a truck, the Normal Class would be able to influence greatly all that region, and would be more effectively trained in meeting the problems they will actually have to face when they graduate.

PRACTICE TEACHING WITH THE VILLAGE TRAINING CLASS Influence of Moga evangelistic work in nearby villages. Every Sun- That education should be closely related to enday, groups of boys, under the leadership of teach- vironment and should give practical preparation ers, visit villages within a three-mile radius to for life may seem axiomatic to some readers. But conduct Christian services. these principles have had very narrow application in Indian education. In the field of rural education Training Workers for the Villages the experiment at Moga has attracted much atten- tion and has had a wide influence not only on the In the Normal Class these experiences are gath- schools conducted by missions but on Indian eduered up into a definite course of training for rural cators as well. The following comments by Indian workers. Only thirty-five young men can be ad- visitors, who are in positions of control in public mitted to this class, although last year eighty- education, show appreciation of some of the ideals three filed applications with complete credentials. of this Christian school: The school dormitories are very inadequate, and these thirty-five occupy quarters that would be "The school is not merely a school; it is a traincrowded for thirty. In spite of primitive living ing center, an agricultural farm, a workshop, a conditions, hard work and poverty, many more home, and so many other things combined. The beg for this training than can receive it. The one- institution teaches self-help, self-dependence and year course also is woefully inadequate. In that self-reliance, and gives a thoroughly practical year they learn methods of teaching and manag- turn of mind to its students. I congratulate the ing primary schools and have a fair amount of missionary society and its workers on the new practice teaching under controlled conditions. They ideas and new ideals which they have placed bediscuss the. improvement of village sanitation, fore the people of thiS' country," wrote the Minissocial and economic conditions in the village, and learn something of methods of adult education. ter of Education of the Panjah.* But it is possible in one year to give them only very little actual practice in ministering to the "I feel that we need more schools of this kind needs of village people. and I am grateful for the work which the pro- moters are doing for my country," was the testi- What is desperately needed for Moga Training mony of Sir Jogindra Singh.t School is another dormitory and another teacher to make possible two years of training. We have It is clear, from these and many other comments a plan for making this training intensely practi- of visitors, that patriotic Indians see in the Moga cal. We hope to apply the principle of learning by experiment principles that should more largely doing, to the teaching of village uplift. This is control Indian education. done to some extent now, for these students make Character Building Through Experience Moga is not satisfied with merely promoting the practical trend in education. It is concerned with the growth of Christian character, and that in- volves far more than preparation to earn a liveli- *A Hindu.

t A Sikh.

hood. The teachers believe that their God-given than teacher-guided student-discipline. Didactic task is to guide the development of individuals methods in the classroom sometimes produce a who will find their highest happiness in serving better apparent result than pupil-purposing and others. The fullest opportunity must be given for pupil-activity methods. These new ways are often the growth of each pupil. Such is not the effect, perplexing, sometimes discouraging; but so are in India, of traditional methods of teaching. This. all Christ's principles when we actually try to put is the reason why Moga has definitely challenged them into practice. The Kingdom which Christ the stereotyped, formal methods of instruction proclaimed is a "new" thing. When His teachings and demonstrated methods which are, in India, and His spirit rule in the content and method of new and revolutionary. In every classroom and education, we shall have "new" schools.

in outside activities, pupils are encouraged to Christians who ca~ stand alone are needed in choose and to plan. The methods used by the modern India. The Indian Church is fast becom- teachers stimulate the boys to think for them- ing self-conscious, is stirring with new life, and selves, to assume responsibility and to work to- faces many problems. Her leaders feel keenly gether for the common good. Each boy in the the need of more spiritual power in the members school earns part of the expense of his education of the churches which will impel them to joyful, by his own labor. Every boy of the Fourth sacrificial service. They are conscious of the Grade and above rents from the school a plot on Church's failure to interpret the Christian mes- which he raises vegetables which he markets. He sage to their own people in modes of thought that also shares in raising wheat, makes simpJe articles are Indian and not mere copies of Western think- in the village trades shop and does miscellaneous ing. They deplore the extent to which lack of jobs paid for by the hour. The younger boys independence has weakened the self-respect of the share in some of these ways of earning. All of Church.

them keep their own accounts of labor and profits, In the long run, Christian education holds the and at the end of each month receive the net cash, key to these problems. Theodore Roosevelt once from which each personally pays a sum, deter- said, "Nine-tenths of wisdom is being wise in mined according to age and earning ability, time." Christian education in India must be wise towards his tuition and board. Moga boys man- in time while it is able to guide the growth of age most of the affairs of the school by means of young Christians, the future leaders of the committees. They purchase and cook their own food, care for the buildings and grounds, and share in the government of the school.

Two illustrations may show how purpose and initiative are stimulated. On one occasion, the student body decided to close school for two full days. The purpose of this holiday was that they might share in the Evangelistic Campaign of the Churches in the Panjal>. Nearly all the boys spent long hours selling Gospels and witnessing in the bazaars and villages. The "holiday" involved sacrifice of some of their chances for earning money, as classroom hours had to be made up at the expense of working hours.

On another occasion, and indeed frequently when objects for giving have been presented, the boys shamed older Christians by their free choice A VILLAGE SCHOOL WHERE A MOGA BOY TEACHES of really sacrificial giving. They gave to a special Church. It must be recognized that in Christian appeal for orphans in the Near East, from their schools, the most important consideration is not own earnings, an amount which averaged per boy fulfilling the stereotyped requirements of the one-fifth of his monthly earnings. school tradition, but affording opportunities for independent thinking, initiative, joyful coopera- Of course, all is not ideal at Moga. Character- tion and loving service. Modern methods at Moga building is uphill work. It is not easy to be con- are important for the Christian movement in sistent in using methods which stimulate self- India because they contribute to that "life abunactivity. The experiment of student government dant" which Christ came to make possible, and bedoes not always work smoothly. It would often cause they are in harmony with the methods of be easier to use autocratic methods. Discipline the Great Teacher himself. by teachers and authorities is easier to administer

Students In Mission Schools*

By BISHOP JAMES H. LINTON, Isfahan, Persia I~" Missionary Bishop 0/ the Church 0/ England T HE Garden of God has in it flowers of every I not only mean that it is a means of bringing our girls to hue and of endless variety. On the part of accept the ethical teaching of Christ, but rather of trying the gardeners this demands infinite adapta- to help them to know Christ as their Saviour, of putting before them His claims, and of trying to lead them to a bility, constant thought, wondrous patience. If full surrender to Him. Indeed I feel this so strongly that I believe I would not stay longer in the work if I felt that the same treatment is meted out to all plants I could only influence them from a Christian ethical standalike, some will wither and die; some will produce point, and not really strive to win individual lives for abundant blossom; many will be dwarfed and Jesus Christ Himself. My own strong feelings in this stunted. They will bloom, but Are mission schools and col- matter are chiefly due to my certheir color will be poor and leges to be definitely mission- tainty that even Christian ethics are their fragrance but faint. ary in purpose and program of no avail without the power of a or are they to work indirectly Saviour behind, and that I have no In reading interesting cor- to promote Christianity with- right to call girls to the awful strugrespondence dealing with evan- out seeking to win pupils to gle of following His teaching withgelism through schools, I have Christ? This is a question on out first showing the joy and peace been impressed with the great which many good Christians of full surrender to Him. variety of aim and method, of honestly differ. It is impordifficulty and result. Methods tant and Bishop Linton of This principal goes on to say which are suitable for a Per- Persia speaks from experience that she in no wise minimizes sian garden appear to be as to the effectiveness of def- the opportunity of leavening wholly impossible in the glare inite evangelism as of prime the thought of the nation by of a Turkish sun or the arid importance in the Christian the teaching of Jesus Christ, desert of Arabia. Soil and cir- missionary educational pro- nor would she deny that this cumstance are factors which gram. should be a definite aim in our the gardener must be con- work; only she would emphastantly studying if he expects size that it is not enough. We to produce flowers of fragrance ought to get the truest Chrisand beauty which will in turn tian influence permeating the community when we get com- be reproductive and which will plete surrender of the in- permanently b e aut i f y the dividual to Christ.

Garden of God. The dean of a college which has recently had a And the flowers of our garden are God's litt~e remarkable number of conversions among non- ones, of whom the Head Gardener has counselled Christian stUdents writes that "the primary us that we offend them not, and despise them not, purpose" of the college "is to lead men to a knowl- for they are the very choicest flowers in the edge of Jesus Christ, which knowledge, we be- Garden of His Father. lieve, is the way of salvation for them, and the What are the aims of Christian education? only way of which we know anything." There- From a most interesting sheaf of correspondence fore," every reasonable effort consistent with fair- I quote a few. ness and tolerance is exerted to bring to the at- One experienced girls' school principal in a tention of the students the salvation which is Moslem city with its own peculiar difficulties, offered to all men in and through Jesus Christ."

writes: ' The effect of presenting the ethical teaching After some years 'of work I am still a real believer in of Christ with its leavening effect on society is a educational work as an evangelistic agency; and by that by-product of its main purpose. Yet, this is con- • A paper read at the meeting of the Near East Christian Council sidered of such importance, that if the direct and published in The Mosle= World, By Bishop James H. Linton, evangelistic purpose were for any reason inipos- Isfahan, Persia, Missionary Bishop of the Church of England.

[88] sible, they would still feel the existence of the aware of the Christian teaching given in all college to be justified if they could carry out such classes, and year by year the Church roll records a program of presenting the ethical teaching of the number of those who, after public confession Christ to the students as would mean incorporat- and due probation, have been admitted to the ing this in the life of the nation. But, in the face Church by Holy Baptism. Another principal in a of serious governmental restrictions, they are still Jewish school says, "The Jewish field of service is able to carry out the primary purpose, and just at a very promising one. During my seven years of present they are unable to care for the success service we have had many out-and-out conver- that they have been experiencing. sions."

I quote the above testimony as an encourage- In one of the colleges referred to earlier, some- ment to those who are carrying on educational thing over forty Moslem students recently either work in circumstances of difficulty and external made a definite confession of faith in Christ or restrictions. The results attained may well in- signified their desire to be further instructed in spire others to get in touch with this college, with His teaching. This followed a parochial "mission"

a view to considering whether for them there conducted on lines similar to those we have in may be a possibility of adapting such methods in America or England. In the same town about evangelism. thirty Jews also signed cards to the same effect.

The principal of a girls' school tells that until The dean of the college says that at present the recently the pupils were preponderatingly mem- chief limitation he has in this work of evangelism bers of the ancient Eastern Churches. It was then is lack of time and strength. From another school easy to maintain unequivocally that their aim was in the area the principal gives similar testimony.

to bring their girls to a knowledge of Christ and In this college it has ceased to be a matter of a fuller fellowship with Him. And they had good comment when a student becomes a Christian.

results. Today the aim is still the same, but they Another of the professors in the same college, have an increasing number of Moslem girls and writing of the results of the mission that was are also faced with governmental restrictions as held, says: "It may encourage workers [in other to Christian teaching to Moslems, together with areas] to go forward with direct evangelism. For more stringent demands as to educational stand- it is to this that we are surely called.. It ought ard, and she has to confess that the .aim is not also to warn us all never to be content with an being attained with the same success as formerly. ethical and cultural influencing of the nation. For, But they "plough in hO,pe," and feel justified in if we get that aim firmly fixed on our conscious- going on with comparatively more emphasis on ness, we are in danger of never hitting the other the secondary aim, viz., so getting the ethical target. We, too, have had our barren years when teaching of Jesus Christ across to their pupils we sowed in tears and hope, and sometimes hardly that the bonds of fear and superstition are broken, in hope. Today we are reaping – not perhaps a and they hope eventually to be able to get the harvest as in parts of Africa and India, but good evangelistic message once more into the forefront grain for all that."

of their purpose. A careful consideration of the correspondence I have little use for mere statistics, and realize received goes to show that in most cases you how misleading these may be even in the hand of eventually hit the target at which you aim. Those honest folk like missionaries! Bernard Lucas once who preach a positive Christian message and aim said that it was doubtless very interesting for at conversion, as a rule, seem to get conversions.

David to number the children of Israel, but it There are few schools which aim at conversion proved disastrous for the nation! How often we and have none to report. Some have waited long have found, too, that after telling in a missionary and patiently. Some are still waiting. Some have magazine the story of some striking conversion, them rarely. A few have recently had more than the devil seemed to get to work at once to make their staff can adequately care for.

havoc of the convert! Similarly, those who aim primarily at "cultural"

results are getting them. Some honestly do not Forty Students Become Christians think that conversion is a justifiable aim in school Still, let us give glory to God. The principal of work, and naturally conversions are more "accia school for Jews in a Moslem land says that dental" than on purpose. One school, typical of though his school is well known as a Christian this class, reports that they know of no case in institution, and there are very efficient Jewish recent years where a non-Christian student made schools in the town, they have just under five a profession of faith in Christ, but they know of hundred pupils and are unable, for lack of accom- many who would admit that the influence of Jesus modation, to receive any more. Parents are fully Christ has changed their lives.

One interesting feature in several places is the that the Christian staff be sufficient to allow for experimental work of Christian converts. They plenty of time outside class for personal work. If conduct branches of the Scripture Union, or help the Christian staff is working all the time at full in Christian Endeavor Societies. Some are evan- pressure on the purely educational side, the defi- gelists employed by churches or missions, others nitely missionary work inevitably suffers.

are colporteurs of the Bible Society. Jewish con- One college reports that it has appointed one verts to Christianity are seeking to win Moslems man on the staff solely for religious work among to Christ. Christian students are engaging in vari- the students, thus putting the religious work of ous forms of social service for non-Christians. In the college on at least an equal footing with other one school the girls had winter parties for poor departments. In addition there is, of course, the Moslem girls, and at Christmas gave them food part-time cooperation of the other Christian mem- and clothing, dolls, etc. This was made the occa- bers of the staff. The total impact of this is felt sion of a charge by the local education authority to be considerable and the department of religious that they had invited outsiders for the purpose education is said to be the livest in the college.

of anti-Islamic conversions! In some places the The course includes CharacterStudies in the Bible, Y. M. C. A. is proving a useful organization, Chris- the Life of Jesus Christ, Christian Philosophy, tian clubs in others. Girls organize games, etc., Christian Sociology, etc. The method of approach for young carpet weavers. In one college the is that of the student's need and our possession of Christian Union members visit some other town religious values that may be serviceable to him, during the Easter holidays and by very open and rather than any propagandist approach.

direct evangelism, largely by personal and indi- Denationalizing is a charge that is easy to hurl vidual work, they seek to win non-Christians for against schools under foreign control and one that the Lord Jesus Christ. The summer school camps is not altogether easy to rebut. We do belong to are proving a valuable outlet for the ev,angelistic another nation, though we try to keep all undue zeal of young converts and a source of gaining foreign influence altogether out of our work. In fresh converts to Christ. the area which we represent, with its growing and The value of hostels is emphasized by several as intense national spirit, we must be on our guard almost the most effective single means for gaining all the time against anything that might be that personal contact with students which is es- charged against us as anti-national.

sential in school evangelism. There are opportu- Follow-u,p work is one that clearly calls for con- nities for voluntary prayers, Sunday services and sideration. It is easy to make this statement, but unrestricted personal work, all of which are much unless the Christian staff of the school can be in- more difficult to get where there is no hostel. In creased so that the school does its own follow-up the absence of a hostel, one principal writes that work, or what is probably much better, that there her house, adjoining the school, has become a sort should be such close interrelation between the of second home for her pupils. This gives her evangelistic workers and the school that these can opportunities for talks with the girls without the do this work, there is sure to be constant leakage.

danger of being interrupted. Also walks with the So we look over this plot which the Great Gar- girls are useful and classes for enquirers. dener has committed to our care. We confess our Those who know something of the "Oxford failure in many things, but what stands out prom- Groups" will understand the value of "fellowship inently in all the correspondence is, that in every meetings," both those for members of the staff place the gardeners have a high ideal of their task and those where members of the staff and Chris- and a fine sense of responsibility in this important tian students meet together in this way. The bit of work. The spirit of prayer breathes through principal of one college where this method is car- the whole. The sowing is going on, and it is being ried out says he feels that the fellowship has been done in faith and hope, tended and watered with the most important means of producing the spir- patience and prayer. There are flowers of rare itual results they have experienced in the college. beauty springing up even in desert soil. Surely The Christian life of the students has been deep- the Great Gardener Himself loves to come down ened, the active Christian witness of the college is in the cool of the day, to behold the fair beauty of full of life, and a spirit of harmony prevails. If His garden and encourage us, His servants, as we this sort of witness is to be effective it is essential work and pray.

mlfat nntlfing bt lollt. Jolfn Ill. 12. llllllll cartful tift Iloril of ctilory mas to "gatlftr up tift fragmtnts!" ~ tnfintttly mtaltlfy Ilnril ts uot mtaltlfy tuoU!J1f to "tlfrlllll tlfings amay:' Jlt cannot atroril to malltr brtail. Q!an Jlt atroril to lost a soul? "Jlt gottlf ont afttr tlfal mlftrlf is (ost until Jlt finils tt:'-J. lll. JlIlIIttt.

Mission Boards Worth While?*

..:( By the Rev. ARTHUR JUDSON BROWN, D. D. ) :..

Secretary Emeritus of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

WORLD evangelization being the supreme of details little understood by the average home work of the Church, the method of admin- congregation. Problems and interrelations with istration should be commensurate with the other work and workers and questions of mission task to be performed. Such a work cannot be policy are involved, which, from the nature of the properly done by individuals or congregations act- case, are entirely beyond the experience of the ing separately. It is too vast, the distance too minister of a home church, and which call for an great, the single act too small. Local churches expert knowledge only possible to one who dedo not have the experience in dealing with mis- votes his entire time to their acquisition. Mis,;, sionary problems or the knowledge of details nec- sionary work has long since passed the experimenessary for the proper conduct of such' an enter- tal stage, and an apparently simple question may prise. Moreover, the individual may die or lose have bearings that even friends do not suspect. his money. The single church under another pas- The experiment of having each state control its tor may become indifferent or discouraged. In own regiments in a national war has been tried, any case, the work would lack stability. It would and with such disastrous results that it is not be fitful, sporadic, too dependent upon accidental likely to be repeated. knowledge or temporary emotion. A chance newspaper article or a visit from some enthusiastic It is neither safe nor sensible for the Church to missionary might direct a disproportionate stream leave such a large and important undertaking to of gifts to one field, while others perhaps more individuals or to local congregations. The Lord's important would be neglected. The wise expendi- work calls for expert methods. The whole Church ture of large sums of money in distant lands, the must take up this matter. It must form a responchecks and safeguards essential to prudent con- sible agency, whose outlook is over the whole field trol, the equitable distribution of workers and and through which individuals and churches can forms of work, the proper balancing of interests work together and to the best advantage. There between widely scattered and isolated points, the must be some lens which shall gather up the scatformulation of principles of mission policy-these tered rays of local effort and focus them: where require a strong administrative board. they are needed; some institution whose stability will not be imperilled by changes in personnel. The Christian missionary campaign is spiritual warfare on a vast scale, and it cannot be adequate- Recognizing these needs, each of the leading dely prosecuted by individuals operating indepen- nominations has constituted a Board of Foreign dently, however conscientious. There must be a Missions as the main channel through which it central organization with breadth of plan, unity may unitedly, wisely, and systematically carryon of movement, and persistence of purpose. A local this work for humanity and for God. These mischurch or conference can, with comparative ease, sion boards are composed not only of leading clersupervise the work within its bounds and there- gymen, but include bank presidents, successful fore under its immediate oversight; but foreign merchants and lawyers, directors of large corpomissionary work is remote, in many different lan- rations, and women of eminent ability and devoguages, and among diverse peoples. It is a varied tion. They are trusted leaders in other spheres and complex work, including not only churches but and their judgment is of no less value when they day-schools, boarding schools, industrial schools, deal with the extension of the Kingdom of God. normal schools, colleges, universities, medical and These men and women devote much time and labor theological schools, inquirers' classes, hospitals, to the affairs of the boards, leaving their own dispensaries, translating, publishing and distrib- work, often at great inconvenience, to attend board meetings, in which they earnestly and uting books and tracts, the purchase and care of • Dr. Brown's book. "The Foreign Missionary." first published in property, the health and homes and furloughs of 1907, and which has. been reprinted twelve times, has been thoroughly revised and the thirteenth printing i. now in press. Facts and stamissionaries, fluctuating currencies of many tistics have been brought down to date. With the consent of the pub- lisher, the Fleming H. Revell Company, 158 Fifth Ave., New York, kinds, negotiations with governments, and a mass this article quotes freely from the chapter on "Missionary Administra- tion" in the new and revised edition. EDITOR.

[91]

prayerfully consider the work committed to their avoid debt. The world-wide work, being conducted care. The churches owe much to their boards, on so large a scale and over so vast a territory, which are unselfishly administering their great cannot be hurriedly adjusted to financial changes trust. Though they may make occasional mis- in the United States. A board is responsible for takes, their loyalty, devotion, and intelligence are maintaining the work on a stable basis and cannot a reasonable guarantee that they will wisely serve radically change its program without warning. It the cause that is .as dear to them as to others. operates in distant lands, some so remote that sev- In the handling of missionary money great care eral months are required for the interchange of is taken by these mission boards. Some years ago letters. Plans and pledges must be made far in a Buffalo banker and a Pittsburgh merchant made advance. Moreover, missionaries are sent to a a thorough examination of the financial methods distant field for a life service and cannot be sum- of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, marily discharged as a merchant may discharge a and bore "testimony to the complete and business- clerk. The board reserves the right of recall, but like methods that are followed in the office man- should not exercise this right save for serious agement, which we believe are fully up to the best cause. Foreign missionaries are working among practice in the leading financial and industrial people of a different race, often unsympathetic,and institutions of the country, and give assurance must receive their salaries promptly. The home that the business entrusted to this office is churches do not want to send a "forlorn hope"

'promptly, efficiently, and economically conducted." into Asia and Africa and then desert it. This No doubt the same is true of other boards. The policy, however, involves financial risks to the editor of a leading religious weekly declared that boards because of the uncertainty of income.

"no trust company handles more money at a less Churches do not supply the funds in advance.

expense, with a smaller percentage of loss, than Most of them do not even make pledges. The the benevolent agencies of the Church." result is that the boards must often borrow money Since the members and officers of the boards to meet their responsibilities, especially since are or have been pastors and contributing mem- many local church treasurers do not forward of- bers of churches, they know that the money they ferings till the last days of the fiscal year.

receive includes not only the gifts of the rich, but Keeping in Touch with the Workers the self-sacrifice of the poor. They regard these gifts as a sacred trust to be expended with more It is a very important part of the work of mis- than ordinary care. sion boards to keep in close touch with the work- There are, of course, necessary expenditures for ers on the field. The secretaries give much time administration. A board must have offices and to correspondence with individual missionaries facilities for doing its work efficiently. The and to conferences with those at home on fur- churches wish to have their missionaries ade- lough. Their views are eagerly sought in making quately supported for a life work, so that an decisions affecting the work. Most boards send administrative agency must be maintained com- a secretary or a deputation to the field at intervals mensurate with the obligations assumed. Still, of a few years, for the express purpose of becom- the proportionate cost of administration of denom- ing more fully informed regarding the work, and inational boards is low. The percentage varies, as to discuss the problems on the field. Many board some have free rentals and unpaid agents, and the members have also personally visited the field and cost of stimulating interest in the churches is not have become experts in handling mission prob- always included in administrative expense. In lems. We doubt whether even the most reckless general, the cost of administration proper, com- critic will challenge the mission board secretaries pared with the total expense of maintaining the with any lack of knowledge of missions or incom- work, ranges from four to seven per cent. That petence :as missionary administrators. Many of is, it takes but little more than the value of a for- them have served as missionaries on the field and eign postage stamp to send a missionary dollar to know the problems from long experience. It is Asia or Africa. What mercantile concern, doing the policy of the boards to attach great weight to a great business and requiring the services of a the judgment of the missionaries and to give them large number of persons scattered over the world, liberty of action consistent with prudent adminis- can show as low a percentage? Dr. Henry Van tration. The presum;ption is always in favor of Dyke once made inquiries of several large corpora- granting requests of the devoted and trusted tions, railway, manufacturing, and mercantile, and workers on the field. Annual appropriations for found that their average administrative cost was current work are ordinarily made for each mission 12.75 per cent.; in one establishment it rose to in a lump sum, leaving the mission wide discretion twenty per cent. in determining how the funds available can be ex- It is more difficult than many might imagine to pended to the best advantage.

ARE MISSION BOARDS WORTHWHILE?

Missionaries do not always appreciate the diffi· forming its decisions by its relations with all the culties that beset an effort to ascertain their missions, by conferences with boards of other de- views. They represent so many different types nominations, and by long experience in dealing that there is certain to be divergent opinions. with similar missionary problems.

The same difficulty is experienced when sev- Missionaries and the Home Church eral hundred ministers and laymen meet in their home Church. A proposal from a board reaches The Mission Boards are important and essential three or four families at some remote station. means of contact between the missionary on the They do not know the views of workers in other field and the Church at home. They seek to be lands, nor do they have the benefit of opinions ex- channels of communication through which infor- pressed in a debate. The result is that the mis- mation may flow to and from the field. Mission- sionaries cast a vote which they might not cast if aries are asked to write quarterly letters home, they could have profited by the views of their as- which the Board duplicates and mails to the in- sociates in other countries. Each mission is apt terested friends and supporters whose addresses to suggest some amendment so that the returns it can secure. Learning by experience that many to the board are a chaos of conflicting views. missionaries are irregular in writing such letters, A medical missionary once wrote to me propos- the Board asks each station to designate one of ing certain changes in the manual rule affecting its members to write these letters describing the the medical missionaries. A copy of his letter, work of the station, and widely distributes these with a request for an opinion, was sen~ to every letters. Many Boards maintain a special depart- medical missionary connected with the board, so ment for transmitting such letters of mission- that a general policy might be formulated. Three aries to the home constituency, and also send to years later, only about half the medical mission- missionaries copies of a leaflet urging the impor- aries had been heard from. Men and women, tance of letters and suggesting the kind that are scattered over Asia, Africa, ,and Latin America, most effective in arousing and maintaining the who seldom see one another and who do not have missionary interest of friends at home. Pastors, intercommunication except through the board, in turn, are asked by the Board to keep in touch cannot be made the unit of missionary adminis- by correspondence with the missionaries in whom tration. their churches are particularly interested and for Some missionaries have protested against the whom they assume some responsibility.

policy of consulting missionaries on matters that When a missionary returns on furlough, the cannot be discussed in a mission meeting without Board expects him or her, if physically possible, embarrassment and fear of personal offense. In to visit the Church which is particularly interest- such cases the mission vote is apt to represent the ed, and in all the educational and inspirational sentiment of those personally involved rather than campaigns which the Board conducts among the that of the mission as a whole. One missionary home churches, furloughed missionaries are used.

frankly said: "We have difficulty enough to keep Indeed, those who are good speakers have some- harmony on the mission field without the board times said that they are asked to do more itinerat- throwing firebrands into our meetings. What is ing at home on furloughs than they do on the the board for if it cannot decide such questions? foreign field. The anxiety of a Board Secretary Your knowledge of the missionaries and your ac- to prevent the unwise diversion of gifts from the quaintance with missionary problems are such authorized budget, upon which the stability of the that you ought to know what should be done." work rests, occasionally leads to an objection to It should be borne in mind that the decision of individual appeals for an object that one mission- many questions by a board is required, not only by ary may deem very important but which has not the necessities of the case, but by the board's re- been approved by the Mission or the Board. But lation to the church which has assigned to it the the policy of the boards is to facilitate in every duty of directing the missionary enterprise. Cer- practicable way the closest personal relations be- tain questions must come to the home office for tween the missionaries and the supporting con- final decision, because they must be decided by stituency and to keep the channel wide open for somebody and the board has been formed for that all reasonable intercommunication. The earnest purpose. The board is held to strict account for desire and endeavor of Mission Board secretaries the supervision of the work, and it assumes re- is to keep the Church at home fully informed as to sponsibilities for the maintenance of missionaries the work and to cultivate true fellowship in and their work that are inseparable from a degree prayer, intelligent interest and adequate sup- of administrative control. If anything goes port of the great work of Christ in which we are wrong the home Church blames the board rather all partners.

than the missionary. The board is also aided in Every board would admit that, in deciding nu-

merQus and perplexing questiQns, SQme Qf them crusade but a settled campaign, and they are plandelicate and difficult and Qn which gQQd men differ, ning it with all the skill and prudence they po.ssess. errQrs Qf judgment sQmetimes Qccur. It is prQb- They study the broad principles o.f missio.ns, read able, hQwever, that if any o.ne were to. make a list the lessQns that they have been taught by a hun- Qf the real defects in present administrative meth- dred years o.f missio.nary effQrt, abandQn plans ods, he wo.uld learn that the bQards already are that have been fQund defective, and adQpt new earnestly striving to. remedy them. Dr. William Qnes that pro.mise better results. Every year the N. Clarke expressed the fQllo.wing o.piniQn: Qfficers and representatives Qf Qver sixty bo.ards in the United States and Canada meet fQr cQnference The sharpest criticism usually comes from those who as to. the best metho.ds o.f carrying o.n missio.nary know the work only from the outside, and have no idea QperatiQns, and an amo.unt Qf care and thQught is either of its real magnitude or of the immense complica- given to. the whQle subject that wo.uld surprise the tions that it involves. Large parts of the work of mission- average critic. ary boards imply matters that are confidential in their nature. A certain amount of reserve is absolutely required There is no. gro.und fQr the assumptio.n o.f so.me by justice and by the interests of the work. Matters that that the wo.rk o.f a church bo.ard is no.t a "faith can be openly discussed are often fully intelligible only to wo.rk." At the beginning o.f each year the bo.ard those who know great classes of surrounding facts. When makes its apprQpriatio.ns so.lely o.n the faith that a board is blamed about some occurrence on the foreign Go.d will mQve the Churches to. pro.vide the necesfield, there is almost sure to be involved some personal sary mo.ney. Since this wo.rk is suppo.rted by the matter in which prejudice for or against someone may gifts o.f His peo.ple, it is fair to. assume that He easily mislead an outside judgment, and even in the inner will bless them when they mo.ve unitedly and circle a just and wise judgment requires the utmost prayerfully fo.r the acco.mplishment o.f the chief caution. All administrative work is, of course, justly open wo.rk that He has laid upo.n them. He is quite as to candid and reasonable criticism, and no missionary apt to. guide the men who.m the Church "IQo.ks society expects or asks to escape it; but there are com- o.ut" as "Qf hQnest repQrt, full Qf the Ho.ly Spirit paratively few persons who are thoroughly qualified to criticise the administration of the great missionary organ- and wisdo.m" and appo.ints "o.ver this business," izations except in a very general way. Even f.or those who as He is to. guide an individual, ho.wever sincere have intimate knowledge enough to be capable of intelli- o.r enthusiastic. These Bo.ard members reverently gent criticism, it often proves far easier to see faults in lo.o.k to. the Ho.ly Spirit as the administrator o.f the the policy of the great societies than to propose radical enterprise, believing that their chief reliance must improvements upon their general method of administra- be upo.n His guidance. They realize that God is tion. It is a case where correction even of acknowledged no.tJimited to. human methQds and that the failure faults, though it be ever so much desired, is often beset with unsuspected difficulty. Hence, the case is one that o.f a cherished plan may no.t augur injury to the evidently calls for mutual confidence and loyal cooperation among those who are interested together in missions. The cause but o.nly defect in the plan. They feel that fact ought to be taken more closely home to the popular their o.nly safety is to. keep clo.se to. Christ and to. Christian heart that a missionary society is conducting a seek to. kno.w His will. Prayer, therefo.re, begins work of exceptional magnitude and difficulty, under condi- and pervades all deliberatiQns and wings every tions that render misjudgment of its doings extremely appeal fo.r funds. Heavy as are the anxieties and easy, and that its officers deserve sympathetic and respect- respo.nsibilities, every Bo.ard co.unts it an ho.no.r and a privilege to. represent the Church o.f God in ful judgment from all their brethren.* the administratiQn o.f this nQblest o.f all Christian activities. Missio.n bQards are giving increasing attentiQn to. the principles o.f an intelligent and cQmprehensive PQlicy. They are no.t merely cQnducting a • A Study of Christian Missions. Pp. 128, 134. 135.

"HAVE FAITH! GO FORWARD"

Tho.mas A. Ediso.n, Qne o.f the WQrld's greatest men, after 84 years o.f a full and en· ergetic life, gave to the wo.rld's largest audience, o.ver the radio. last June, what prQved to. be his final public utterance. His wo.rds make a mQst po.werful sermQn.

The message was spo.ken at a time when banks were cQntinuing to. go. to. the wall, when unemplo.yment was steadily increasing, when sales o.f all kinds were being held and many stQres were cutting prices to. the limit, with little o.r no. pro.fit. Pessimistic statements were the rule.

What shQuld such a man say at such a time? Here are his wQrds : "My message to. yQU is. to. be co.urageo.us! I have lived a lo.ng time. I have seen his- tQry repeat itself again and again. I have seen many depressiQns in business. Always America has emerged fro.m these strQnger and mQre pro.sperQUS. Be as brave as yo.ur fathers were befQre yQU. Have faith! Go. fQrward!"

A Forw-ard Movement In China*

The China Inland Mission's Answer to Satan's Challenge By the REV. ROBERT HALL GLOVER, M. D., F. R. G. S., Philadelphia j:..

Home Director of tht: China Inland Mission in NOTth America A LITTLE more than four years ago, in The critic and avowed enemy of missions like- 1927, a new and fierce anti-Christian and wise said, anti-missionary agitation suddenly broke "No," but went a bit further and added, "It out in China. This was inspired by Communist serves you right. You are getting just what you propagandists, who incited the Chinese soldiery deserve for your impertinence in forcing your and student body to acts of violence, particularly Western religion upon people who have their own directed against missionaries and other for- religions."

eigners. The Western governments became Then there was the discouraged missionary, alarmed and promptly ordered who had suffered heavy mate- their nationals to withdraw rial loss and shameful insult, from the interior. And so the The present Forward Move- and whose vision, dimmed with large majority of missionaries ment of the China Inland Mis- tears, could for the time dis- all over China were forced to sion, vitally important as it is cern little hope for the resump- leave their stations, and their by reason of the ends in view, tion of missionary activities.

beloved converts and work of assumes an added significance But there were missionaries years, and to make their way to when it is realized that it whose anointed eyes saw the the coast. Thus almost before caine into being as the direct situation in a very different they were aware of it, several result of one of the heaviest light. That the blow had come hundred C. I. M. missionaries, blows which Satan ever dealt directly from Satan, and with among others,found themselves the missionary cause in China. intent to ruin the work of mis- out of inland China and with Once again has the great Cap- sions, they doubted not. But the door closed behind them. tain of our salvation out-ma- did the Word anywhere teach It was a sad hour for these neuvered his crafty adver- that God's servants were ever missionaries and for the Mis- sary, and turned the devi1's to accept defeat at the hands sion, and the outlook from the weapons against himself, so of Satan? Assuredly not. Had human point of view was dark. that his deliberate attempt to Satan at any time succeeded by Would the door of missionary destroy the work of missions persecution in destroying the opportunity ever reopen? That ,has been made by the Lord cause of Christ? Far from it.

question was in many minds the very means–so far, at He tried to do so at the very and upon many lips, and was least, as the China Inland Mis- outset of the missionary enter- variously answered by differ- sion is concerned–of impart- prise when he inspired the ent classes of people. The ing fresh zeal and energy to stoning to death of Stephen.

w 0 rId 1y-w i seman, always the enterprise and projecting But he only succeeded thereby s k e p tic a I about missionary a vigorous advance into new in giving new impulse and work, unhesitatingly answered: territory. This is why the breadth to the movement, for "No. It is just as I expected. Forward Movement in ques- "they that were s cat t ere d How could missionaries be so tion can properly be called the abroad went every where foolish as to imagine that they Mission's answer to Satan's preaching the word," so that could ever change the deeply challenge, its counter-offen- converts were multiplied and rooted religious ideas of the sive in the teeth' of the en- the scope of Gospel effort was Chinese?" emy's vicious assault.-R.H.G. greatly extended.

• From China's Millions, December, 1931. So it was with every suc- [95]

ceeding persecution recorded in the Book of Acts. non-Christians alike, and found opportunities for The great missionary apostle, Paul, testified that the Gospel greater than ever before. Suffering the persecutions which befell him had "fallen out and oppression .had chastened many hearts and rather unto the progress of the gospel," and he made them more susceptible to the Christian followed on to exhort his fellow-workers to be message.

"in nothing terrified by your adversaries." If The Chinese Christians for the most part stood the New Testament stresses one thing more than true through the fires of affliction and were puri- any other about missions it is that the opposition fied and strengthened, while their leaders wonder- and persecution stirred up by the enemy are fully developed in spiritual gift and grace. Many among the most fruitful means, through God's churches have been sorely tested and severely transforming power, of advancing the enterprise. handicapped in their efforts toward larger self- Every such assault of the adversary today, there- support and self-extension, by reason of the ter- fore, should be made the occasion of a forward rible conditions of civil war, banditry, famine and movement issuing in fresh expansion and in- pestilence which have been so prevalent. Never- creased spiritual results. theless, substantial progress has been made by That is the way the China Inland Mission was many of them, and there have been some inspir- led to regard the adverse situation with which ing examples of faithful and fruitful evangelistic it was confronted four years ago. Was mission- effort.

ary work in China at an end? How could it The missionaries on their part have lost no time possibly be with Christ's Great Commission un- in actually launching the proj ected Forward Move- revoked and the task of giving the Gospel to ment. From center after center in the various China's millions stilI so very far from completed? provinces the workers have pushed out courage- At whatever cost, the work must go on. And ously into new territory in the face of terrific odds so the Mission went upon its face before God in against them. It is not at all surprising that such fervent prayer for the reopening of the door and an advance should meet with the stubborn resist- for clear guidance as to its future plans. ance of our great adversary, and one cannot fail Those were days of deep heart-searching as to see his hand in the stirring up of political strife, well as earnest pleading with God. Then He gave the depredations of bloody bandits, the wicked the vision and conviction for an aggressive ad- machinations of Red Communists, and the sicken- vance. In prayerful conference together it was ing horrors of the Moslem uprising in Kansu, as resolved that when the missionaries were per- well as in the tragic succession of dire calamities mitted to return it would not be to retain any -famine, disease and flood-which have befallen longer in their own hands the care of local that unhappy land, taking an appalling toll of life churches, but to pass this over to their Chinese and plunging tens of millions of survivors into colleagues and thus to free themselves for an abject poverty and helpless despair. Under condi- aggressive forward evangelistic movement into tions such as these, many would consider even the hitherto unreached regions. continuance of the existing work well-nigh impos- Efforts were also to be made to stimulate the sible and any advance wholly out of the question.

Chinese churches to increased zeal in witnessing Yet our brave missionaries have dared to carry for Christ and energetic cooperation in the work on, and even to press forward, despite the hard- of evangelizing the districts surrounding the ships and dangers involved.

existing stations and churches. A careful and The twenty or more new main centers already comprehensive survey was made of the unevan- opened give no adequate idea of the Forward gelized sections of China with a view to shaping Movement to date. A host of other places have the advance, and on the basis of this survey the been visited and worked by Gospel teams, so that Mission's leaders in China felt clearly led to ap- literally hundreds of thousands of Chinese have peal to God and to the homelands for two hun- for the first time heard the Gospel. The scope of dred new missionaries to be sent out within two these varied and unceasing activities is a very years, as the minimum reinforcement necessary wide one, embracing cities, towns and hamlets in to carry out the plan of advance. the thickly peopled central provinces, as well as What has been the sequel? The Lord has an- fresh advances among the hill tribes of the south- swered prayer all along the line. The temporarily west, the Tibetans on the western Szechwan bor- closed door to inland China swung. open ag,ain far der, and both Moslem and Chinese communities in sooner than the most sanguine missionary could remote Kansu.

have predicted upon any ground of natural proba- Especially cheering is it to learn that during bility. The returning missionaries were every- this period of peculiar difficulty and trial the vis- where warmly welcomed back, by Christians and ible results of the work have been the largest in

ARE MISSION BOARDS WORTHWHILE?

years. During 1927-1928, when for the most part way thither, and fifteen others-the exact reour missionaries were compelled to be away and mainder of the 200-were accepted and preparing the work was largely left to the Chinese Chris- to sail. In North America quite a few more young tians, upwards of 7,500 converts were baptized. men and women are at various stages of consid- In 1929 there were over 4,400 more baptisms, and eration as candidates. Ninety of those already in 1930 more than 4,900, while the number already accepted 200 are from North America. reported this year is larger than in any recent year. Will not those who have faithfully prayed and trusted with us for the full number of the two To sum up, since the blow fell upon our work a hundred now unite in fervent praise to God for little more than four years ago and the order for His gracious answer to our prayers and His faiththe missionaries to evacuate was given, 20,000 ful supply of our need? Not only have we cause Chinese have been baptized upon personal confes- for thanksgiving in that our Father has given us sion of Christ as their Saviour, not to speak of the these choice recruits, but also that He has supmany other blessed results attending the work. plied, at a time of such financial stress, the large In the light of all this, what a tragedy it would sum of money necessary to send them out, and has have been had the Mission yielded to the tempta- at the same time substantially increased the numtion to mark time or retrench, and what a glory it ber of the Mission's prayer supporters. is to the Lord that it has even dared to launch this Forward Movement! We might well tremble to send into China this new company of young missionaries, under the Finally, what about the two hundred new mis- present grave conditions prevailing there, were we sionaries? When the appeal reached the home not assured of a corresponding reinforcement of lands from China it was already summer time of intercessors to stand back of them. Thank God, 1929, rather too late for the recruiting camp.aign the number of China Inland Mission ,prayer circles to get more than well under way that year. in North America alone has increased at last re- Thirty-six new workers were sent out that au- ports to eighty-nine, and our Prayer Union memtumn, and forty-six in 1930, thus giving us eighty- bers to 3,231. Truly, "the Lord hath done great two of the 200 on the field at the beginning of the things for us, whereof we are glad." Let us magyear. Then came a time of testing, when in all nify Him and exalt His name together. the home lands we were distinctly conscious of the strong resistance of the enemy to the appeal for We need to remember that the end of the two new workers. Our General Director felt led to years' recruiting is only the beginning of the task suggest a day of special prayer and fasting, with the 200 particularly in mind. February 10 was itself, so that we must still cooperate by prayer thus set and observed by the Mission throughout the world. The effect was at once noticeable. and faith with our fellow-workers on the field, and United, believing prayer had broken through the enemy's resistance, and from that time offers of "forgetting those things which are behind, and service in China have come in a steady stream, so that our home staffs have been kept busy dealing reaching' forth unto those things which are be- with candidates. fore," together "press toward the mark"-which Eight weeks before the end of the year, 185 of in this instance is the overtaking of the vast unthe 200 were actually already in China or on their met need of millions of Chinese for the Gospel, and thus the fulfillment of God's call and commis- sion through His servant Hudson Taylor to the China Inland Mission to preach the Gospel to every creature in inland China.

EVANGELISM AND THE SOCIAL GOSPEL There is only one Gospel in the New Testament, and that is the Gospel of our Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ. This gospel is applicable to all men and to all human conditions. It is a spiritual gospel with an individual and a social message. When this is applied to individuals, we call it a personal gospel; when it is applied to groups of individuals and social conditions we call it a social gospel, but in each case it is the same gospel. No pres- entation of the Gospel in our day can be effective without both of these applications.

JOHN McDOWELL.

of Christian Colleges In

A Review of the Report of the Commission on Christian Higher Education in India* ..:( By REV. RALPH B. NESBITT, Summit, New Jersey J!:.. Recently a Miss~onaTY in India A T an important gathering of Christian edu- follows the historical method in developing the ~ cators of India in Agra, in February, argument in favor of the proposed plan. The 1921; steps were taken looking forward to colleges themselves are critical of the work they the coming of a Commission to examine the work are doing. So are others who are friendly to of the Christian Colleges in India. In due course missionary work, such as Mr. Arthur Mayhew the International Missionary Council constituted and Bishop Whitehead. A section of great value the Commission of eight which visited India dur- in the matter of orientation is the consideration ing the last cold season, arriving in November, of the "principles underlying the policy of the 1930, and continuing until early last April. colleges as set forth in earlier discussions of the The personnel of the Commission was a suffi- subject." In the past there have been three aims cient guarantee of a thorough piece of work, the set before the Christian colleges: chairman being Dr. A. D. Lindsay, Master of 1. That of preparing India for acceptance of the Gospel Balliol College, Oxford. Two members were out- 2. That of winning men in the colleges to confession of Christ and baptism in His name; in short, the work standing Indian Christians, two were Britishers of conversion who had been missionaries, and two were Amer- 3. That of a "strengthening, training, developing icans who had not previously had intimate contact ag~ncy" for the Christian community with India. The Commission was authorized to make recom- Historically, the first has been the most im- portant. However, under changed conditions the mendations which would, if carried out, definitely matter of preparation for the coming of the Kingalter the present methods of higher Christian edu- dom of God is different from what it formerly cation in India. Something of a crisis had been was. A new content of Christian education must reached and the Commission offers certain pro- be worked out, and this is the main task which posals which to some may seem revolutionary. the Commission faced. The metaphor of the spearhead and the handle is used to illustrate the A careful questionnaire had previously been relation of the religious and the secular aspects sent to the principals of the colleges that were to of education. Dr. Miller of Bombay, the wellbe visited and by means of these replies and later known Scotch educator of a generation ago, said, by visits to the various colleges, supplemented by "The Scriptures are to be the spearhead, all other knowledge the well-fitted handle. The Scriptures conferences, the Commission worked out their re- are to be the healing essence, all other knowledge port and conclusions. This report of 363 pages the congenial medium through which it is conincludes an Analysis and Appraisal of the Col- veyed." leges as they are; a Plan for the Christian Colleges in India; and the Way of Putting it into There is (in Part II, Chapter 3) an incisive and Effect. A number of appendices including the discriminating survey of changing India. The questionnaire above referred to and one entitled, picture is drawn with skill and is true to life. All The Application of the Principles of this Report India is being deeply stirred and the Christian Church is involved. Perhaps most significant of to Indian Universities. all, secularism and anti-religious propaganda are Acceptance of the plan proposed as a remedy for growing apace.

the present crisis will depend largely upon one's Another important chapter deals historically conviction that the diagnosis has been skilfully and accurately made. Hence the Report wisely * The Christian College in India, 8vo, 363 pages, Appendices and with the system of higher education and the rela- Index. $2.00. Oxford University Press, 1931.

[98] tion of the Christian colleges to this system. This 1. The function of the colleges helps one to realize not only the fact that the 2. Government and administration of the col- Christian colleges have in no small measure forfeited the leadership in higher education in India leges. which they once enjoyed but also reveals the First, it is recommended that two additional causes which have brought about this unfortunate pieces of work be undertaken, namely, research result. There have been movements in the uni- and extension. Colleges are suffering from the versity life of India, notably that of the growth domination of an examination system. The stuof the so-called "unitary university," which have dents are not seeking culture but, on account of proved prejudicial to the influence of the Chris- economic pressure, are trying merely to pass extian colleges. Three causes are assigned for this aminations as a means of securing employment. loss of prestige: Under such circumstances the teaching force of the colleges tends to lose initiative. To recover 1. Lack of opportunity for research this the professors must undertake research work. 2. Indian prejudice against western institutions This will bring life and zest into their teaching. 3. Weakness due to a divided purpose This research should be related to the larger life in which the college finds itself. In other words, The plan I1roposed aims to meet these causes as the college is to be of service to the community. far as possible and to correct the admittedly un- In this way the responsibility of the colleges to fortunate results of the connection maintained by the Church may be met more fully than in the the Christian colleges with the university system past. Thus a modern equivalent of the early of India. These results are likewise three in num- preparation for the Gospel may be worked out. ber: There should be a re-shaping of the subject mat- ter of the curriculum. History is recommended 1. Domination of the examination system as the central discipline. This is to be supple- 2. Hampering effect of university regulations mented by science on one side and by art and 3. Loss of educational initiative literature on the other. The effect will be the appreciation of Christianity as an historical re- The important question of the religious in- ligion. The content of an education that is truly fluence of the Christian colleges is considered in Christian must be supplied. the two-fold aspect of this influence upon the stu- Second. Significant changes are proposed as to dents who attend the colleges and also,in the wider the administration of the colleges. These changes sphere, the influence upon the church and nation. affect the present management, both Indian and Here as elsewhere there is hearty acknowledg- foreign, in three phases: ment of past achievement for the colleges have been the means of winning men to Jesus ,Christ. 1. The relation between the mission boards and They have also exerted no slight influence on the the colleges in India people of India and have trained some of the outstanding leaders of the Church, such as Bishop 2. The constitution and powers of the govern- Azariah. ing boards of individual colleges It is nevertheless true, that the present situa- 3. The constitution and responsibility of the tion is just cause for alarm. The number of con- staff governing bodies of individual colleges. versions is deplorably small. The influence of the Christian college in the wider sphere, at least in The Commissioners propose that there should that of the nation, is a waning influence. Three be normally for each college two chief governing alternative proposals are presented: bodies, a Board of Direction and a Staff Governing Body, both constituted in India and entrusted 1. Persistence in the existing policy with full responsibility for the government and ad- 2. Withdrawal from higher education in favor ministration. The iPresent mission boards in America and England would cease to have direct of other methods connection with the colleges but, through the Na- 3. A Christian university or universities. tional Christian Council of India, would be kept informed of the progress of Christian higher edu- These proposals are all rejected in favor of the cation as a whole. plan already mentioned. This plan is the heart of the report. Here the Commission prescribes what, There may be non-Christian Indians on the in its judgment, is essenital in order that the Staff Governing Body, but the Board of Direction Christian colleges in India may regain the place of is to consist entirely of Christians. It is plainly large influence which they once held and· may the intention of the Commission that the Board make the contribution which they should make to of Direction in India should really direct. If legal- India today. The detailed application of this plan ly incorporated it should hold the property. As to (given in Part IV) cannot be described here. The the Staff Governing Body, it is of utmost imporplan includes: tance that chief responsibility be put on the In-

dian Christian members of the staff. This change paratory work really effective in New India. The is urgently needed. It is rather the missionary function of the Christian college is ably set forth: member whose influence has been dominant. A Christian college, as contemplated in this Report, It is further recommended that there should be is an institution in which the Church uses, in the service set up in India and in Britain ,and America per- of its great purpose, the characteristic contribution of the manent Christian educational committees. The teacher and the scholar. That characteristic contribution is the imparting of truth, the extension of knowledge, and India committee should be constituted to "rep- the building of character. (p. 206.) resent all the colleges and be able to speak for them, alike to the Government, the universities, One note is lacking here-a note which does not and to the general public." The boards or com- conflict with the purpose, but is supplementary to mittees to be created in Britain and America it-the note of conversion to Christ. The Comshould act as liaison officers between the home mission is, of course, not averse to this, as is maniboards and the committee in India, and should fest in its statement (page 185) in regard to "spealso assist in securing funds and in the difficult cial missions" which, "when they are conducted and important work of recruiting the right kind by a wise evangelist, may quicken the growth and of men and women for the colleges. fruitfulness the seeds that the patient teacher has The place of the theological colleges in the plan long been sowing in faithfulness and expectation." and a number of special problems are considered Again the Commission says: "As trainers of (Part III) but space does not permit more than youth, the Christian staff will seek through all the . this passing reference to these important prob- opportunities which the contacts of college life aflems. ford to lead their students to personal allegiance This very excellent report inspires the hope that to Jesus Christ and to build up their lives in Him." the Christian colleges may again secure a place of It would have been well if as careful and thorough real leadership in the educational and intellectual attention had been directed to the problem of leadlife of India. It proposes a way of escape from ing the individual students to Christ as has been the present intolerable system of examinations given to the kindred problem of making the coland suggests plans by which the colleges may leges effective as a general preparation for the become much more vital to the life of the Indian coming of the Kingdom of God in India. A con- Church. It is highly desirable that the Christian structive and thoroughgoing attempt should be college in India shall be made more truly Indian made by the colleges to follow up their graduates but at the same time the need of Christian teach- in order that any interest in Christ and affection ers from the West is maintained. for Him that has been created in the college may There appear to be two possible weaknesses in come to fruition in later life, when former stu- the plan presented. The first is financial. Frank- dents may be in a better position to make de- ly one does not see how the plan, involving as it cisions than while in college. This criticism should does "no inconsiderable outlay," can be carried not be interpreted to mean that the Commission through at present or in the near future. Com- has failed to safeguard the Christian purpose of paratively little expense will be saved by closing the enterprise. This it has certainly done. For up certain pieces of work and the new sources of instance, no sympathy is shown with an easy but revenue suggested do not seem adequate to meet fatal syncretism. (p. 147.) Emphasis is repeat- the increased expense involved. The cutting off edly laid upon the necessity of securing a large of the colleges from the direct relationship with number of Christian professors and boards of the mission boards at home may react unfavor- direction entirely composed of Christians. One of ably on support received through these boards. three functions of the board is that "the mainte- It will also be difficult to transfer workers from nance of the missionary purpose of the college other lines to the boards for additional research should be the special concern of the board of di- work while the work already in hand is greatly rection." (p. 204.) Religious instruction should undermanned. Christian alumni may contribute retain its central place in the curriculum and each to the support, but can non-Christians be expected college should have a chapel for Christian wor- to contribute in any large way if they are not rep- ship with a chaplain as a member of the staff, resented on the board of direction? whose special responsibility is to be the religious Another point where the plan does not seem en- life of the college. (pp. 182, 183, 186.) tirely satisfactory is in the danger of devoting too One lays down the report with a sense of sin- much attention to the handle (secular education) cere gratitude to the Commission and with the and too little to the spearhead (the spiritual pur- earnest hope that Higher Education in the Chris- pose) . The important work of the colleges as a tian colleges of India may, as a result of their preparation for the Gospel message has been ca:re- work, be made even more effective in the future fully considered with a view to making this pre- than in the past.

Religious Situation in

.. By REV. W. H. RAINEY, B. A., F. R. G. S., London ): Secretary for Western Europe and North Africa of the British and Foreign Bible Society T HE Government of Signor Mussolini has year religion was taken into account but the now granted to Protestants, and other non- figures are not yet available. Protestantism in Catholics, full freedom of worship. Re- Italy is numerically a very small minority, yet, ligious freedom, however, is no new thing in Italy. speaking from actual knowledge, we venture to As far back as February 17, 1848, Charles Albert, say that their influence is altogether out of pro- King of Piedmont, granted a large measure of portion to their numbers. Certainly the Pope religious freedom to all his subjects. This Edict, seems to take them very seriously for in his adwhich brought to an end persecutions dating from dress to the Lenten preachers on February 16th the 12th century, was considered a wonder of of last year he referred to them as "a great evil magnanimity, but in reality it was only the tardy which afflicts the population of Italy. Protestant recognition of a sacred right. proselytism is allowed to go on with such harm to human souls and with such menace to that People often speak of Italian Protestantism as which is most precious in the life of a nationthough it were an imported article. While it is namely, that profound unity of thought and soul true that English and American societies have which has never been seen to be so efficacious as done much to strengthen Evangelical work in Italy, yet the Waldensian Church of Piedmont, as Milton so well puts it, Kept Thy truth so pure of old When all our fathers worship't stocks and stones.

Italian Protestantism is national in its origin and ST. PETERS CATHEDRAL, VATICAN CITY, ROME dates from before the Reformation. It is not true that the genius of Protestantism is incompatible with the Latin races.

The Waldensian Church has always been a missionary organization and it proceeded to take advantage of its new freedom. Before the end of that eventful year (1848), her evangelists had penetrated into parts of the country hitherto closed to the Gospel. Florence, the capital of the Duchy of Tuscany, was occupied and in 1862 the Wesleyan Methodist Church helped to lay the basis of a work which now has extended throughout the country. Other Evangelical Churches entered later, and today the American Methodist Episcopal Church (North), the American Baptists (South), the Brethren, the Pentecostal Church, the Adventists, and others are doing their part in making the Gospel known. It is estimated that the total number of Protestants in Italy is about 150,000. However, it must not be taken for granted that the remainder of the population of Italy is entirely Roman Catholic. The census of 1921 did not enquire into religion but according to the 1911 census 874,523 persons declared that they had no religion and 653,404 made no declaration about their religion. In the new census this [101]

in religious unity." The early Christians were cially in Rome." Fortunately the Italian Govern- accused "of turning the world upside down," and ment interpreted the clause to recognize the rights Italian Protestants seem to have followed their of non-Catholics to worship and to propagate their example. religion.

The Edict of Charles Albert was confirmed and On the 28th of February a Royal Decree was enlarged by the Concordat of the 11th of Febru- published giving the "Regulations Governing the ary, 1929, which, while securing to the Roman Religions Admitted by the State" and this docu- Catholic Church a position of special prestige, ment was published in the Gazzetta Ufficiale granted, as Mussolini said in the Chamber-"full (Official Gazette) on the 12th of April, 1930.

liberty of worship to the other cults admitted by This document comprises 29 articles, but lack of the State, and the equality of every citizen before space permits us to quote only three; two of which the law, whatever the religion he may profess. deal with churches and one deals with institutions.

This liberty cannot be infringed in the slightest Article I-The opening of new Churches degree." The 4th and 5th articles of the law Before a new Church can be opened a request must dealing with "Permitted Cults" read as follows: be presented to the Minister of Justice, accompanied "Difference of cult forms no obstacle to the enjoy- by papers proving that the new Church is necessary ment of all civil and political rights, nor to admis- and meets the need of an important group of worsion to all the civil and military appointments. shippers. It is also necessary to prove that there is Discussion in matters of religion is entirely free." sufficient money to maintain the new premises. The opening must be authorized by the Minister of Jus- It was a bitter pill to the Vatican that the Con- tice by a Royal Decree.

cordat substituted the word "permitted" for Article 2 "tolerated"-the term previously used in dealing The faithful can have services, etc., in their buildwith other cults. Now Protestants were "permitted," recognized and protected by the State. ings without special authorIzation from the State on the condition that they are presided over, or author- ized, by a minister approved by the State. See Arti- Their ministers were granted the right to cele- cle 3 of the Law on "Approved Cults". Otherwise the brate marriages with the same legal effect as general law regulating public meetings comes into Roman Catholic priests. A priest preaching force. against Protestants in a large and crowded Jesuit Church was heard to declare that" 'permitted' is Article 13-Institutions The Institutes that are recognized as "corporations" a word to be banned; 'tolerate' was the proper are subject to the inspection and control of the State.

14. This includes the right of inspection. In the expression, for we tolerate these Protestants as we event of maladministration, when the directing body tolerate disorderly houses." However, Article I is not able to continue its work satisfactorily the State of the Concordat was considered by Catholics to reserves the right to interfere and appoint a new be so favorable to their interests that it more than body.

16. These Institutions cannot accept gifts, inheri- counterbalanced this official recognition. It stipu- tances or legacies without permission. This permis- lates that "In consideration of the sacred char- sion must be asked from the Minister of Justice. If acter of the Eternal City, the episcopal See of the the sum exceeds lire 300,000 permission must be ob- Supreme Pontiff, the center of the Catholic world tained from the Council of State. and the goal of pilgrimage, the Italian Government will use its best endeavors to prevent in No missionary director or superintendent can Rome anything that may not be in keeping with read these Articles without seeing in them the its above-mentioned character." possibility of serious complications. If strictly applied they would make both church and school Many Roman Catholics thought the fulfillment work exceedingly difficult. One cannot but think of this clause implied the closing of the Italian that State recognition in itself is a very doubtful Protestant churches in Rome, and on the follow- advantage. Had choice been possible we think ing Sunday several pastors received anonymous the Evangelical Churches would have preferred to letters threatening violence if they celebrated remain independent. their usual services. Moreover, written in large letters on the door of the depot of the British and There is, however, a more serious complication. Only ministers recognized by the State are al- Foreign Bible Society in the Foro Italico were the lowed to preach the Gospel. This brings us face to face with a difficult problem-what must those ominous words E finito anche per voi– (Your men do, who, for any reason whatsoever, are not officially recognized? Obedience to the State turn too has come). That some such interpreta- might mean disobedience to the Christ. Some have considered it their duty to continue preachtion of this clause was in the mind of the Pope ing.and leave the consequences in the hands of himself seems evident from his speech on the 8th of January, 1931, when he declared that the Con- cordat had been violated by "non-Catholic and God. We have had six cases brought to our no- even anti-Catholic proselytism in Italy and espe- tice where pastors-two Baptist, one Methodist,

THE RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN ITALY

one Pentecostal and two Brethren-without State senting Spain as a spotless gift to the Blessed recognition were denounced by priests to the local Virgin, as a land where the dissenting voice of authorities for breaking the law in this respect the heretic was unknown. Had General Primo de and prosecuted. We do not think that a legal de- Rivera been a weaker man they might have suc- cision has yet been given in any of these cases. ceeded in their plans. One wonders whether any On another occasion a Waldensian evangelist was Roman Jesuit has ever dreamed the same dream. prosecuted and condemned for holding a meeting in a private house. There are undoubtedly also It is not surprising that a Church that posmany cases with which we are not familiar. How- sesses temporal power with all that this involves ever, facilities are being granted by the State for should take a hand in politics. Today this is dan- Government recognition. We have no doubt that gerous in Italy for Signor Mussolini will brook no a modus vivendi will be found, and that these dif- interference. In a recent interview with a reficulties which are out of harmony with the lib- porter of Le Journal, he declarederal spirit shown by the Fascist Government will be removed. I wish to see religion everywhere in Italy. Let us teach the children the Catechism; let us send them to Church on After the first enthusiasm over the signing of Sundays, however young they may be. All that I leave the Concordat died away the relations between to the priests. It is religion. The rest is politics and the Vatican and the Italian Government have La politique c'est mai. Politics are what I detennine. I steadily grown worse. They would now seem to will allow no one to interfere in any way with what conhave reached a crisis. Early in June there were cerns the State. My formula is clear. "Everything in the anti-Catholic riots in Rome. Crowds marched State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the through the streets crying "Down with the State." As against the Catholic Party I have given many Pope"; and the Osservatore Romano, the official warnings. The Vatican has been put on its guard against organ of the Vatican, was publicly burnt to the the peril of this extreme policy, which may awaken antistrains of "Giovenezza," the Fascist hymn. Only clerical opinion, the dormant existence of which it well the presence of strong detachments of troops pre- knOWs. vented the rioters from penetrating into the Vatican itself. This manifestation was the sequel to The Vatican City is now a sovereign State, an anti-Catholic campaign throughout Italy and where the Pope rules supreme, but'it will be well the suppression of all branches of the powerful for him to remember that there is only room for Catholic Action association. One rubs one's eyes: one dictator in Italy. can this be Rome, the city of the Concordat? PAPAL GUARDS AT THE VATICAN CITY Some newspapers, hostile to the Fascist regime, have spoken of Sig. Mussolini's "wanton attack on religion," and the Pope himself in an address given on the 20th of June to the Vatican Congregations for the Propagation of the Faith declared the persecution of the Papal Church "as bad in Italy as in Mexico and Soviet Russia." This is fantastic. Signor Mussolini is not the enemy of religion; his whole policy to Roman Catholic and Protestant proves this, but his anti-Catholic campaign was inspired by the instinct of self-preservation. In the ranks of the Fascist party itself there are many devout Catholics with a divided loyalty between Church and State. Dark and hidden forces were at work, and the Italian Premier, rightly or wrongly, saw in the activities of the Catholic Action party a menace to the security of his. regime. A successful coup d'etat in the in- terests of the clerical party would have made the Pope the virtual dictator of Italy and the elimina- tion of interests considered hostile to the Catholic hierarchy would have followed. The Roman Cath- olics of course have denied all that is attributed to them. One remembers, however, the dark dreams of certain Spanish reactionaries who spoke of pre-

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]l.ll.,4P.- "-_._- .D~"'~_ ARABIA, 'fHE GREAT NEGLECTED PENINSULA (See page 105)

Is Arabia Still Neglected?

..:( By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D. ):..

Princeton, New Jersey, One of the Founders of the Arabian Mission PORTY-TWO years ago the whole Arabian writes in the Geographical Journal, London, peninsula, with the excePtion of Aden, was March, 1931: unoccupied missionary territory. One million square miles, four thousand miles of coast, I find it difficult to sum up my impressions of the Hadhramaut, particularly as these impressions are based without one witness for Christ. The death of Ian only on a few short flights over the area, helped to some extent by subsequent examination of the photographs. Keith Falconer left the future of the Scotch Mis- There is no doubt, however, that the Hadhramaut is a place which has a peculiar fascination; the mere fact that sion quite uncertain, and that was the only beacon the greater part of it had never been seen by Europeans shows how isolated it is, yet although isolated, life there, of light across the darkness of thirteen centuries in the cradle of Islam. .

. In 1889 the Arabian Mission of the Reformed according to Arab standards, is highly organized and pros- Church in America was organized and the first perous. There is no doubt that the country is now much missionaries went out. Forty years have brought more civilized than it was when the Bents undertook their great changes. The Persian Gulf coast is now journey in 1894, but although motor cars are now com- mon, and the towns have been peered at from the air, 1 fairly well occupied but the interior of Oman, the think it will be many years before the Hadhramaut loses Province of Hassa, the whole of Nejd, the whole its isolation. of Hadhramaut, the entire West coast is still with- The Arabian Mission called attention to this out established Christian missions. Southern Province thirty-five years ago, but the The latest estimate for the population of Arabia whole of this part of Arabia is still unoccupied.

is seven million. Probably not more than one This comes as a challenge to the Church of Christ.

million of this population are in any sense touched Everything else seems to have found its way into by present-day missionary effort. During the past this part of Arabia, except the Gospel. twenty years the population has doubtless increased. Tribal warfare is no longer as common The first big town is Shibam, standing four-square beas it was in the Nineteenth Century. Health con- tween high walls on a slight rise ~n the ~adi. bed ne.ar the southern cliff. The first and dIstant VIew IS suprls- ditions have improved, especially in mandated ter- ing enough, but a closer inspection shows th.at the need ritories, and through the influence of mission hos- for protection can make houses grow tall q.'llte as effecpitals. We sometimes fail to estimate the educa- tively as high ground rents. W~en one conSIders ~hat the tional v,alue of such medical work in spreading houses are mostly built of mud It seems an amazmg f~at knowledge of elementary hygiene. to design them to withstand the weight of seven stones.

As an indication of the wealth of these towns the Bents The exploration and mapping of the Arabian mention in their book that the Sultan of Shibam's father peninsula has made vast strides during and since had left eleven million rupees to be divided among his the World War. When Hogarth wrote his book, numel'OUS family. The present Sultan's castle is a fine "The Penetration of Arabia," there were still large areas unexplored and unmapped. Since the building standing in extensive date gardens. The next big town, Saiwun, is a complete contrast, for although it is surrounded by a wall much of t~e toW?

time of Doughty the work of men like Lawrence, straggles outside it, and comfortable country VIllas he Shakespeare, Cheeseman, Rutter, Philby, and last but not least, Bertram Thomas, have given us a dotted among the date palms. . . . picture of Arabia and its inhabitants with very From the air, Tarim, with its neighboring villages, comes few gaps remaining. In this respect, Arabia is no longer neglected. close to Saiwun as the largest town in the Hadhramaut, and it is certainly situated in the most attractive sur- Recently word has come of a special expedition roundings. Outside one of the big hous~s one is qu.ite to explore Hadhramaut and the recent Air Recon- likely to see a motor car, which seems odd m a town WhICh naissance of Hadhramaut of which an account is has never been visited by a European. In recent years the demand for cars has been growing, and we were told in Makalla that there are now some fifty or sixty in the Hadhramaut. They are taken to pieces at Makalla, trans- given in the Geographical J oU?'nal leaves the im- ported by camel across the mountains, and re-erected on pression that scarcely anything remains to be dis- arrival. Although the going may be soft there do not covered. R. A. Cochran, the leader of the squad- appear to be any serious obstacles in the way of driving ron which surveyed this part of South Arabia, a car anywhere in the inhabited portion of the Hadhra- maut.

[105]

Is it not a tragedy and a rebuke to read that in and his pupils. But vaccination, as a protection this part of Arabia young Chinese girls are still against smallpox, has spread widely throughout imported as slaves by the wealthy classes and are Bahrain, Kuwait, and the Hasa, and, thanks to then "converted" to Islam? When the African the efforts of King Aziz, has made headway in slave-trade was interfered with by British gun- Nejd and in the Hejaz." boats, this white-slave traffic apparently took its place. There are also many thousands of male It is astonishing that the Minister of Ibn and female Negro slaves in HadhramauU Saoud's Government should pay such high tribute to the work of the American Mission before a The Province of Yemen, the whole of Central distinguished audience in London. Arabia and the Province of Hejaz are still unoccupied mission ter:ritory. King Ibn Saoud has his In his recent book "Alarms and Excursions in own Minister in London, Sheikh Hafidh Wahba, Arabia" Bertram Thomas describes the condition who actually lectured to the Royal Asiatic Society of the tribes in northern and western Oman. No in April last. We are told that, after paying a one can fail to read between the lines the despetribute to all those who braved the hardships and rate needs of these people for medical missions, dangers of travel in Arabia, and mentioning in for education, and for the Gospel. He describes particular the feat of Bertram Thomas in crossing their religious and superstitious practices as the Rab' al Khali, he stated that the modern king- largely animistic, tells how they make medical use dom of Nejd extended from Najran in the south of the Koran, which he calls "the holy pharmacoto Wadi Sirhan and the Salt Villages in the north, poeia of Oman," and how they offer oblations to and from the Persian Gulf in the east to the bor- demons and spirits. ders of the Hejaz in the west–a much greater area than the word "Nejd" originally applied. He If it is true, as Livingstone asserted, that "the described present conditions in the Nejd, stating end of the geographical feat is the beginning of that the population is approximately three mil- the missionary enterprise," then Arabia is still lion, divided into town-dwellers-merchants or neglected in the distribution of the Bread of Life. agriculturists-and Bedawin, who are content to Nothing emphasizes more the need of Arabia for lead a nomadic life and to tend cattle. The town- the Gospel today than 'the astonishing changes dweller is usually more faithful and more intelli- that have taken place in the matter of communigent than the bedu. King Ibn Saoud has resolved cations. The land of the camel has become the to change the life of the Bedawin and to make it land of the motor car. At the beginning of the more orderly and fruitful. To this end he has twentieth century there were no railways or highfounded villages wherever w:ater exists and has ways in the whole country. During the first ordered the Bedawin to dwell therein. To each decade Medina was linked to Damascus and a survillage he has appointed a man of learning, to vey made for a railroad to Mecca which has not teach the people their religion and to explain to yet been completed. During the World War a them their duty towards God, towards the King short railway was constructed between Aden and Lahaj. Aeroplanes have become familiar to the and towards their fellow beings. As a result, the dwellers in the desert and the present King of Arabia has a royal air force. rfelegraph.and teletribes have become so transformed as to be united phone lines, not to speak of wireless stations, contogether in a brotherly love, which earned for nect Mecca with the coast and Baghdad with the interior. Motor cars first came to West Arabia in them the name of Ikhwan, or "Brethren." Such is 1919. Now there is a good road between Jiddah and Mecca, and over one thousand passenger cars the picture painted by a native Sheikh. and buses are registered in the Hejaz. According to "The Near East and India," from Besides the regular route-Beirut to Damascus, which we gather this report, "the lecturer said thence due eastward to Rutbah Wells and to Ramthat the credit for introducing medical treatment adi, and along the Euphrates River to Baghdad- on modern lines in Kuwait, Basrah, and Bahrain the latter city is also accessible to Mediterranean was due to American Missions; in Nejd, to King Ibn Saoud; and in the Hejaz and the Yemen, to ports by a route beginning at Aleppo, Syria, and the Turks. But it is in the sphere of surgery, proceeding via Deir-ez-Zor·to Baghdad. exclusively, that the Arabs have made use of modern science-during the last twenty years or Every year the motor car is penetrating farther so. In the sphere of medicine, the Arabs have into neglected Arabia. Communications between scarcely recognized any merit in modern methods of treatment. The overwhelming majority still re- every part of the Peninsula were never so rapid sort to herbs and rely on the methods of Avicenna and universal. The Arabic press from Cairo, Bei- 1 Lady Kathleen'. "Slavery," pp. 49-46 (London, 1930). rut, Damascus, and Baghdad also reaches every part of the Peninsula. Surely all this is a chal- lenge to hasten the work of evangelization.

Ways of

'fested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~,~~~~~~~~~~~~.~ MISSIONARY EDUCATION How It Was Born way from the appropriate study THROUGH After a time-honored tradi- books of the Missionary Educa- COMPETITIVE READING tion, it owed its birth and early tion Movement to volumes of standard fiction incorporating One of the puzzling problems nurture to the women! For a:d- missionary values, such as "A ministrative purposes, the mIS- Lantern in Her Hand," "Heirs," confronting all mission boards sionary field of the Northern "Red Rust," "Giants in the today is how to readj ust pro- Baptist Church is divided into Earth," etc. For instance, the ten geographical districts. Some motional plans to meet changed years 'back, the women's ~ro?ps home mission portion of the in several of these dIstrIcts conditions. Crusading; double- evolved their own competitive World-Wide Guild list for the quickstep slogans like "The Gos- plans for missionary reading. current year includes "The Chal- lenge of Change," "God and the pel to the Whole World in Twen- pLaartte~r ent hteonf eMwliyssioorngaarnyizEedd~cDae­- ty-five Years" (as in 1816), and Census" "The Adventures of tion was asked to grade, prmt, Mr. F;iend" "Roving with the "The Evangelization of the promote and make national these Migrants," '''Rural Religion and plans which, in the natural evo- World in This Generation" (in lution of a successful movement, the Country Church," "Steeples had become church-wide. At among the Hills:' and '~~he 1888) awakened an expectation present the women's national Laughingest Lady.' .In addItIon which failing of fulfillment, has boards' coope.rate in that they to this there are specIal books on name members to serve on the foreign missions, also inspirareacted in decreased interest and general committee and furnish tional and peace and prohibition the annual awards, but the ad- literature. In each case the comfinancial support. Due to a bet- ministration is in the hands of plete sets or "libraries" may be ter understanding of fundamen- the Board of Education, with purchased outright or built up the church as the local unit. locally by separate purchas~ or tal conditions and also of the gift. Not infrequently varI~us members of the church are wIllmagnitude of the task involved, we are lately glimpsing a new ing to donate volumes for the eiddeuacl~tivoinz., that of specialized (beginning in early youth if possible), as an im- petus'to the world-wide enterprise. Though its prospect ~f achievement is more remote, thIS cumulative building of the sevintensive cultivation of intelli- The Way It Works eral libraries. Miss May Husgence and interest would seem to promise better success. It A list of standard educational ton Associate Secretary of the gears itself up with present day and inspirational missionary Department of Missionary Eduthought and processes and con- books, together with a digest of cation, says: "While not all the stantly gains momentum as it their contents, is brought out books are interesting alike to all advances. each year by the national com- the churches, the diversity is Doubtless every denomination mittee in time for April distribu- such that many letters come to is making its own attempts along tion. These lists are carefully the office telling how much the this line, and the perfect plan- graded and include (1) an Adult readers have enjoyed them. The if such a thing is ever realizable Division for men and women; publishers have become anxi?us -would be a synthesis rather (2) a Young People's Division to have their books on our hsts than a selection; hence it is of with separate sec t ion s for and sometimes even ask us to World-Wide Guilds ('teen age read their manuscripts in adprime value to familiarize our- vance, making their accepta~ce selves with what our denomina- girls), Royal A mba s sad 0 r s of a book depend on our promIse tional neighbors are doing. The (,teen age boys), the Baptist Reading Contest Plan of the to use it in our contest list. The Baptist Board of Education Young People's Union and Bap- publication of good missionary bears its own credentials of eleven years' usage, and may be tist Christian Endeavor groups; books is increasing as a result of the reading program of the vari- (3) a Children's Group inclusive of the Children's World Crusade ous denominations."

and the Junior Societies. The found suggestive by other plan- subject matter is suitably varied Numerical credit values are ning boards. in each section, ranging all the attached to the several volumes [107]

in a list. In general, study books dent membership of the churches to twenty-five points on the Cercount 10 points, other books 5, in the district. In addition to tificate of Missionary Education MISSIONS (the Baptist mission- this, local, associational and issued by the Department of ary monthly) receives 10 points state prizes are given; also spe- Missionary Education. Of the for each issue, and each number cial awards in the several guilds five books, not more than two of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF cooperating, all on the basis of should be Bible books, the latter THE WORLD counts 5. It is note- the credit points of the national being included in each year's worthy that THE REVIEW is the contest. For illustration, in the list, for all groups. only magazine outside of Baptist World-Wide Guild contest, chappublication included in the con- ters qualifying by having five Competition for these awards test list. books read individually (group is keen, districts and their sub- reading not allowed) by every divisions vying with each other The reading list of each new member of the chapter-two in the accumulation of credit year is added to the total of all home, two foreign and one in- points. As all departments of preceding years; so this huge spirational, will receive for the the local church contribute tomissionary snowball goes on ward its grand total, wonderful rolling, new readers of the old first year a sepia print of Hoff- teamwork and a fine spirit of books acquiring the credit points man's "Head of Christ"; for the group cooperation develops. In the same as in the case of vol- second year, Plockhorst's "The a recent letter to the writer, umes for the current year. Good Shepherd"; for the third Miss Huston says: year, Raphael's "Sistine Madon- Organizational Machinery na"; for the fourth year, "The When the department first took over Madonna of the Chair"; for the this work there was a question in our A Contest Secretary is ap- fifth year, HoI man Hunt's minds whether the reading would inpointed in every cooperating "Light of the World" etc., terfere with the study program. As church. This person (usually a through a period of twelve suc- there has also been an increase in woman) promotes the plans in cessive years. Adults reading the number of study classes during the all departments, though the as- the Junior missionary books to years, we have decided that it has sistance of a committee is usual- the children are credited with helped rather than retarded that phase ly necessary in the I a r g e r the same number of points as are of the work. Another thing which we churches. Contest Secretaries given to the children. In the Pri- questioned was the wisdom of countreport to Associational Secreta- mary and Nursery grades, the ing points and giving a prize. This ries charged with the work, and children only receive the credit. however, seemed to be stimulating inthese, in turn, report to State While it is recommended that terest and certainly the circulation of Secretaries, the latter sending readers follow the same list new books which constituted the prize their reports to the Associate throughout, books in one graded would do good. We have found that Secretary of the Department of list may usually be substituted many of the states and even associa- Missionary Education for publi- for those in another. Churches tion groups have given books as prizes cation in the annual handbook. reaching the higher standard of to churches which have done special Of course this machinery works five per cent of their resident equally well from above down- membership reading five mis- work, and this also has added to the ward, for all promotional pur- sionary books each are entitled poses. It may be added that the circulation of missionary books. The regular organizational machinery of national, district, state steady gain has seemed to be the most and local agencies is ably supplemented by the staff of 1,666 vol- encouraging feature about it. unteer workers in the department, making continuous efforts A Peep Into the "Works" to get the latest plans, methods and materials across to the To continue with Miss Huschurches. Well frained, though ton: unsalaried, many of these workers exercise initiative and roll up In the local church a vigorous readresults not always paralleled by ing program usually starts with the salaried officials. appointment of a woman to head up the work. I always instruct them to Prizes and Awards make an inventory of the books al- ready in the church or Sunday School A prize of five traveling libra- library, find out what listed books are ries of ten books each is awarded available in the homes of the members by the Women's Home and For- and make a visit to the public library eign Boards to the districts se- to find what volumes are available curing the largest number of there. Members of the church often points in proportion to the resi- contribute books from their private li- braries in order to make them avail- able for the whole church.

It is very important to make new books available to the readers. This can be done in a number of ways. Probably the women's societies are re- sponsible for buying more of the new books than anyone else, inasmuch as they feel responsibility for furnishing the young women and children with interesting material; but organized Sunday School classes or Sunday Schools themselves often vote money for this purpose. Individuals are en-

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

listed and in some cases an amount is Figures, like actions, "speak The Sunday School Missionary regularly put into the church budget for this purpo!>e. louder than words." Surely the Ladder. For a ladder-climbing plan has approved itself. it ably contest, have a carpenter make a After the books are secured, various methods are adopted for keeping real ladder of 10 or more rungs. the records. It will be readily recog- supplements and extends those Place it in the Sunday School. nized that unless some one is on the of the Missionary Education job continually, the books will be scat- Movement, in which twenty-two Put the name of one book on tered in different homes and lost track denominations are now cooperat- each rung. As a book is read, of or will remain in the library with- ing. Incidentally it may be statout much use. Both of these things the name of the reader is placed must be avoided. The Reading Con- ed that Baptists are the second test Secretary must know where the largest users of the United on a tag and attached to that books are and keep records of th" Study books. rung. The one who climbs the ladder first is the one who has readers. Some use posters on which read all the books first. If a they place a star of some color for the reading of single books and pos- A Glimpse Through the Field prize is announced, give a missibly a gold star for those who have Glass sionary book.

read five books. In the case of one One of our leading missionary The Circle Race Up the Steps. church there was a contest between adults and the younger groups, includ- administrators recently stated Have a simple, manila-pa-r>er ing young people and juniors, but the sketch of a broad flight of steps reports were brought in at the mis- that provincialism and lack of on which are poised, lightly perspective constitute the greatsionary meeting once each month. est world-wide problem the gummed, pictures of jauntily They had a thermometer drawn on Church has to face today. A dressed women (cut from fash- cardboard with the number of points marked off by thousands, and made deeper understanding of the ion plates) bearing on their the red lines with crayons as the vari- other great ethnic faiths is absoous reports came in. This church en- lutely necessary for an adequate backs the names or numbers of tered into the reading program with conception of the missionary the several circles into which the great interest for a year and followed woman's society is divided, and it with a much better educational pro- task-yes, and a confidence, born which are in competition for gram than they had previously ever of intimate knowledge, that the "points" gained in missionary thought of having. Christian message holds its su- reading, each step representing premacy in meeting the most di- There are, of course, some things a definite advance in points. which are not ideal. We try to keep Great excitement prevails at people from reading merely for the verse needs. In this crucial pe- each monthly meeting to see sake of reporting points. We realize riod of inflamed race prejudice "how far up our circle has gone." The one reaching the top a church which is striving for a record and rampant nationalism, the may err along this line. time is ripe to activate the mes- "The Proof of the Pudding" sage of the Master that all men first may receive her choice of a are potentially brothers and book from the reading list. Realizing that the intangible results which it is impossible to must learn to live together. Our Dramatizing the Reading List. tabulate are often the most po- program, though broad, is not The Contest Secretary enters tent, we may yet gain an ap- yet big enough for the condi- dressed in cap and gown and proximate idea of the working tions. We must have more in- carrying an armful of the curefficiency of this plan by com- telligence as to actual conditions. rent books on which she is mediparative statistics over a period It is our conviction that the re- tating. She paces the platform of eight years, some of the earli- cent move for church-wide miser details being incomplete. sionary education is the most im- in a brown study, thinkiIl4J portant advance in our genera- aloud. Presently her dreams Persons reading 5 tion, and it is calculated to go are materialized, as she calls far toward halting current re- reminiscently for "Peter, Bingo Year missionary books cessions in both interest and con- and Those Others" (Edward 1922-1923 .. , …. … 6,262 tributions. Seaman)-and in from a side room runs a little five-year- 1923-1924 ………. 7,888 A POTPOURRI OF PROMO- old leading his rollicking collie TIONAL PLANS dog, this brief dialog ensuing: 1924-1925 ………. 10,143 "I'm so glad to see you, Peter, Well-seasoned met hod s for and your dog, too. (Shakes hands 1925-1926 ………. 21,319 1926-1927 ………. 35,994 1927-1928 ………. 44,102 1929-1930 ………. 51,462 1930-1931 ………. 59,387 This table does not include popularizing missionary litera- with both.) That was a fine those who read less than five ture are herein assembled from thing you did in your book. How books per year. In 1925-1926, a wide range of denominational did you become willing to sell there were 82,483 readers of at sources, with the assurance that your dog?" least one book reported, 260,053 most of them are available with Peter: "0, I just knew the books read and 3,324,786 points other subject matter and in all Bishop needed money and I had reported. In 1930-1931, the num- departments of church life. RE- none, so I did the only thing I ber of readers had increased to MEMBER THAT EYE-GATE HAS. could think of to get some for 199,620, the number of books No NEAR COMPETITOR AS A PORT him. I sold my dog." (Exit read to 1,077,432, and the num- OF ENTRY TO THE CITY OF UN- Peter and his collie.) ber of points won to 9,131,744. DERSTANDING. Similarly the secretary sum-

mons a young college man to im- Around Our Library Table, or salt of the earth; two level teapersonate and review "Larry" The Animated Catalogue. The spoonfuls Literature Subscrip- (by Himself) ; a young married former consists of a series of tion Plan ($1.00 per'year bring- brief reviews of the best miswoman for "Heirs" (Cannon); sionary books, given by a circle ing all the new leaflets as they a real Salvation Army lass to de- of good "reporters" sit tin g scribe and emphasize "God in come from a certain denominathe Slums" (Redwood), etc. As around a literature-filled table a close, this highly imaginative and brought into action by the tional press); one cup proper secretary tells where all the librarian (leader). The latter js books may be obtained. The the same plan with a more imag- circulation of saine; one cup finecircle leaders having them in ly chopped reading; two eggscharge were simply swamped inative touch, the various publi- subscription to THE REVIEW. with applications, especially for cations coming to life and speak- Cream thoroughly first five in- "Peter." ing in the first person, as, "I gredients. Add Literature Sub- scription Plan. Then whip in Contest Devices. S t ret c h a represent the experiences of a the circulation and reading (as wire about six feet long on one real worker in the slums" etc. cake would fall flat without side of the room, goals being these) ; fold in the SUbscriptions The literature thus exploited to THE REVIEW; flavor with in- should "sell itself" (or loan it- spiration from Bible reading. Bake in executive committee self) at the close of the meeting.

marked at intervals for books A Grab-Bag Review. Publica- meeting. Cover top and sides read. Gay automobiles cut from tions passed around at the close with icing as follows: One teamagazines and bearing individ- of one meeting and drawn, hit spoonful eI).ergy, four tableual readers' names are attached or miss, from an attractive bag, spoonfuls keen thinking; add disto the wire by means of gummed are studied and reviewed by cussion; spread, then sprinkle (Dennison) hooks at the back, their several recipients at the generously with devotion." At and moved along in accord with next meeting. this point sample the cake by as- their owners' progress. Story Hour in the Mission suming to cut it, then serve some Circle. An occasional meeting at of its contents by having spicy Draw on a large sheet of card- which the best missionary narboard a sketch of a leafless tree, ratives, with or without camp- reviews of new literature taken fire device, are given by good from the interior of the cake. the trunk being named for the Such reviews must have been society, each branch for a group narrators. well prepared and "baked" beor circle therein and each twig forehand. This device is an atfor a member. As books are tractive one for an entire pro- gram featuring new study and read, attach to the reader's twig Inverted Birthday Gifts. This reading books as well as leaflets. a bright leaf cut from crepe is a good plan in the assembling "Samples" may well be passed paper. around for purchase or home of a missionary reading list or reading. Choose sides and have a study book question contest, the losing library. Have a list of the birth- Stimulating the Reports from side paying into the treasury a days of the membership. When Children certain amount to expend on each person's natal day comes next year's study books. As a rule, children are care- around, instead of receiving less as to reporting credits for "A penny for your thoughts." gifts, the person makes one to books read. This device has been l1ivide into sides. Have a deco- found excellent: Add a cardrated box or child's bank into the mission circle, guild or other board handle to an ordinary which a penny is dropped for group, a missionary book of ap- flower basket mounted on cardeach book read by that side, the resulting fund being expended proved character or from a desfor more books. ignated list being required. In- cidentally, the reaction is good for the donor.

Pin questions on the study Recipe for a Delicious Litera- board backing in such a way that book chapter under considera- ture Cake. A Mission Study the top is open enough to slip tion, on the backs of the mem- Caterer gives a bright, snappy flowers in. Make a cardboard bers and have them circulate talk incorporating the ingredi- flower for each member of the freely during the social hour. ents as she describes the cake- group, writing her name on the No woman may be seated for re- illustrated by a large imitation stem and pasting her kodak picfreshments until she has been one made up with gold and white ture or a head cut from a maga- able to answer and so unpin at tissue paper, etc., in imitation of zine, in the heart of the flower. least one question from some frosted gold cake. "One-third A petal is added for each book of a cup of oil on troubled wa- read. Boys do not care especialone's back. Have a review of one book on ters; three-fourths cup of hu- ly for flowers, so each lad is inthe reading list given in the man kindness; one and one-half structed to make his own quiver opening exercises at each pro- cup s of 'flowers – while – the- (tinting it with brown crayon to gram meeting. In this way at friends-yet-live' ; two cups syrup resemble bark) into which he least ten books are presented in of remembrance of missionary may stick an arrow for each vol- workers; one-half teaspoonful ume read. outline each year.

Women's Home and Foreign

HELEN M. BruCKMAN, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK; COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK; FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA '''l1li OUR RED BROTHERS "paternalistic policy" took away We neglect to distinguish be- A Study in Contrasts natural incentive. What man is tween those who do cling to the going to work for food and By Jennie Cartland Callister clothing when it will fall into his past, to the ceremonies of their lap if he waits for it? This One who makes any serious policy led to what has been called tribes, and the Indians who think study of the American Indians "the lethargy of expectancy." is struck by the fact that it is a Do we not owe to these less in- of themselves as American citistudy in contrasts. Whatever teresting tribes an even greater phase of life is considered, one zens and have grown away from finds these striking contrasts. debt? the primitive customs of their Too much has been said in the Many of us forget that there past about the few wealthy In- were different types of Indians people. dians, so that uninformed peo- in this country when the white ple will say in all sincerity, man came, Indian nations with There is much which is pictur- "Why, I thought the Indians, entirely different habits of life were rich-from oil." The in- and thought. Many were,and esque and beautiful in the old come of those who suddenly be- some still are, as different as came wealthy some years ago is Englishmen and Frenchmen. It customs of some tribes. Take, decreasing year by year and it is is interesting to know that some a question whether the last state of them do not think of them- for example, the "Green Corn of those Indians will not be selves as "Indians" but acknowl- Feast" of the Senecas. It is worse than the first. With edge only their tribal name. Mr. really a thanksgiving ceremony, neither experience nor training Lindquist tells a story which though it is celebrated in August in the use of money, they have illustrates this. He was visiting and lasts four days. They bring been the prey not only of un- an Indian school. The superin- the best of their fruits, grains scrupulous whites but of their tendent introduced him as one and vegetables, which are piled own foolish fancies and baser who had for years been inter- around a beautiful oak tree in a emotions so that wealth, which ested in Indians. The boys large space surrounded by high we usually consider a blessing, looked at each other blankly, bluffs. Here the ceremonies take has to most of them been a then one of them said, "Does he place-the enumerating of all curse. mean Choctaw?" their blessings, the naming and blessing of the babies by the In contrast to the very few As various tribes were pushed chief, the dances with their difwealthy Indians are the great from the places that the white ferent phases-friendship, sunmajority, so poor that life is at man wanted, they were eventu- shine and growing things. Then best merely a precarious exist- ally located near to each other- the products of their fields and ence. There is nothing of the in Oklahoma, especially. Though gardens are given away, their romantic we so like to associate they had inherited not only dif- best! (Many of the Senecas are with Indians to be found in these ferent languages and thought very poor.) groups. Dirty, diseased and dis- "patterns" and also, in some couraged, they are far from pic- cases, tribal feuds that had last- We like to hear about these turesque. Many people, some ed for generations, they were interesting customs. The danger Christians, refuse to accept any expected to adjust themselves to is that we shall expect, if not responsibility for such as these, these difficulties and at the same demand, the picturesque, forgetmerely shrugging aside the time to adopt the white man's ting that we are now training whole matter by calling them civilization. What a task to thrust Indian young people, the leaders "shiftless and lazy" ! Who made upon a primitive people! Some of tomorrow, to take their places them so? Who took away their of them have clung tenaciously in our civilization. Sometimes natural economic basis of living? to the customs of their ancestors, we ask young Indians who have The original attempts of the while others are practically as- never in their lives worn clothgovernment to right the wrong similated into our civilization; ing essentially different from only made matters worse. The And that leads us to another of ours, to don "war bonnets" and the contrasts. beaded suits for our entertain- ment. If we do this for publicity purposes, we should at least rec- ognize the fact that it may be quite as much "out of character" for them as it would be for us to appear in the garb of our Puritan or Pilgrim ancestors!

[111]

Would that more of us could ed. This is a splendid interde- child feeding and the care of appreciate the situation in which nominational project that we can women and children. Health and the young Indians find them- carry on hand in hand, thus giv- body clinics emphasize the pre- selves today! They are caught ing Christian leadership to the vention of diseases as well as its between two civilizations, each Indian boys and girls who need cure. with its pull on their lives, and guidance and who need love. in many circumstances the two Union Medical School, VeIlore, influences are pulling in exactly WOMEN'S UNION COLLEGES India. This school, built up opposite directions. Consider the IN THE ORIENT through years of hard work, is case of a young girl who goes The story of the seven Union a monument to the splendid efhome from boarding school for Christian Colleges of the Orient fort of Dr. Ida 'Scudder, who is vacation to find that her rela- still the guiding spirit of the tives have arranged for her mar- is well known to the women of -institution. A hospital and dis- America who have followed with pensary in Vellore are part of riage to someone whom she does interest the organization of the its program, which includes a not even know. Respect for par- colleges, five of them during war nurses' training school and an ents and grandparents is a car- years and two as they have de- out-patient department, wit h dinal virtue in some tribes. Great veloped from high schools and roadside clinics for forty miles pressure is brought to bear. post-graduate high schools over in every direction from VeHore. Shall she yield 1 If she does, it a period of twenty-five years. Some new buildings have been will probably mean the end of The story of the campaign, built and more are in the process her hope of becoming a "real when the women of America of construction. American citizen." Some girls raised two million dollars and run away from the dilemma, only claimed a third million from the Isabella Tho burn College, Luckto face other and, in some cases, Laura S p e 11 man Rockefeller now, India. This college is the fund to secure buildings and oldest woman's college in all of worse difficulties. equipment for these colleges, is Asia and its standing is unques- equally familiar. The years have tioned throughout North India. Constantly our young Indians passed, the buildings have been It has government recognition, must make choices. White lead- built, the colleges have increased as the woman's college connected ers need sympathetic insight in in enrollment, have broadened in with the University of Lucknow guiding them during these criti- scope and have been strength- and the women of Isabella Thocal years when "they have lost ened by the leadership they have burn vie for honors with the much of the old Indian culture produced. men of the university and in the without having fully assimilated majority of cases come out with white standards." Let us not Ginling College, Nan kin g , the lion's share. lose sight of the fact that there China. Dr. Yi-Fang Wu, the new is something of the Indian cul- president, a graduate of Ginling, Woman's Christian College, ture worth saving. The young who took her master's and doc- Madras, India. This college has people should be encouraged to tor's degrees at the University perhaps the most beautiful setfeel that theirs is a noble race of Michigan, is doing an out- ting, with trees, gardens a~d with a real contribution to make standing piece of work not only stately buildings. The chapel IS at Ginling, where she has won to our American life. the confidence of both faculty in itself a real mosaic. and students, but in government Here again the students vie Among those who have caught educational circles, where her a vision for these young people position is established and her for honors with the men stuand are trying to help them real- counsels valued. dents of the University of Maize it, are the Religious Work dras. A strong science depart- Directors of the Government Yenching College, P e i pin g , ment gives adequate preparation Boarding Schools. Not long ago China. Here many new experi- for students planning to go into a list of questions was sent to ments in ,education are being medicine. Homemakers receive these directors, among them this tried out and much research excellent training, and already one, "What seems to you to be work done on which the future this college is responsible for the the outstanding need of the boys education in China will be built. establishment of St. Christoand girls 1" One director an- T h r 0 ugh the Department of pher's College, which speci!lJ~zes swered, "Someone to love them." Home Economics, homemakers in all grades of teacher trammg. and teachers of homemaking are Someone to love them! Can't being trained. Religion and so- Women's Christian College, we love them, the lovely and the cial service occupy a prominent Tokyo, Japan. Over four hununlovely, the picturesque and the place in the college curriculum. dred students are enrolled this year in the Women's College of prosaic1 Most of us will have to do it at "long range," but one Japan, and the faculty, c?nsistway that we can show we do ing of about seventy full-tIme or care is to keep the Religious Work Directors in the schools Shantung University, Tsinan, part-time teachers, i~cludes onl~ where we now have them and China. Our interest here is cen- six Americans. PresIdent Yasul make it possible to place more tered around the training of is the outstanding woman eduwhere they are desperately need- women doctors who specialize in cator of Japan and a strong

WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

Christian influence in the college. fessional Women, W.C.T.U., the the Women's International Or- The students are living out the National Committee on the Cause ganizations, functioning in Gecollege motto of "Sacrifice and and Cure of War, International neva close to the League's Sec- Service" in their work for the Association of University Wom- retariat, has an immense task in less fortunate children of Tokyo. en and International Women's informing its member organiza- The graduates 0 c cup y many Cooperative Guild are the eleven tions how women may best coprominent positions in schools organizations which have united operate in making the Disarmaand in altruistic fields. A new in the formation of this commit- ment Conference a success. administration building has just tee for the purpose of promoting been completed and the most the success of the World Dis- Here is a great call to strenupressing need now is for a armament Conference. This com- ous effort. Disarmament is rechapel. mittee has its headquarters at quired not only to prevent actual Geneva, and its aim is to stimu- war but to direct enormous, non- There are many union institu- late and to concentrate the work productive, destructive expenditions in the Orient, but these for disarmament which women tures into productive, construcseven are the institutions in are carrying on throughout the tive channels. Let us not only which the great body of church world with such earnestness and rid ourselves of war, but of prepwomen of America have cen- zeal. Thus it represents many arations for war. Sign disarmatered their interest over a period millions of women of all nations, ment petitions; join an organiof many years. The need con- for whom the question of dis- zation which keeps you informed tinues and the task grows. More armament is one of the most im- of what you can do; read the responsibility is taken nationally portant the world has ever had newspapers; attend meetings; in China, India and Japan, and to consider. study the difficult issues; realize close examination shows that the that you are a citizen and let individual student in most cases At its first meeting in Septem- your government know how you bears about the same share of ber, 1931, the committee passed feel; and send a contribution, the expense of her education as the following resolution, which however small, to the Disarmadoes her American sister. En- was sent to the delegates of the ment Committee of the Women's dowments are lacking, and this League Assembly: International Organizations, 2, fact increases the amount needed Rue Daniel-Colladon, 2, Geneva to meet the current budget and The great international organiza- (Switzerland) to help carryon makes help from over the water tions of women assembled at a meet- its work effectively. ing of their special committee for imperative. united action in support of disarma- INTERNATIONAL EXHIBIT ment, beg to express their whole- And so we, whose daughters hearted support of the forthcoming An International Exhibit has partake of the educational feast Disarmament Conference and their been opened at 746 Fifth Avespread out by a thousand col- earnest desire for its success. They nue, New York City. leges, reach out in love and pledge themselves, by every means in friendship to our sisters across their power, to help in organizing the The store which has been given the sea, and through these seven vast and growing public opinion in for this exhibit is most attraccolleges for women give to them favor of the Conference and of the tively and effectively decorated some of the opportunities for the realization of the world-wide cry for and arranged as a center of indevelopment of Christian leader- disarmament and security. formation on the Conference for ship, the training of mind and the Limitation and Reduction of body which have been given to Women demand disarmament Armaments and questions reus and to those we love. and, as a first step, they ask for lated to it. an effective reduction of arma- DISARMAMENT COMMITTEE ments. At the same time they Pamphlets, periodicals, books OF THE WOMEN'S INTERNA- are convinced that the first arms and posters dealing with current to lay down are hatred and sus- international affairs and the Dis- TIONAL ORGANIZATIONS picion. It is with inner moral armament Conference as well as disarmament that one has to economic interdependence are on The Disarmament Committee begin. Women are specially quali- sale. Expert advice on literature, of the Women's International fied for this task, and it can be exhibit material and special pro- Organizations rep res en ts the their greatest contribution to the grams for club groups is availgreatest concerted action that work of disarmament. able. There is a children's corner women have ever undertaken. with suggestions for books and The International Council of A great impetus to the effort handcraft. Industrial exhibits Women, Universal Alliance of of women was given by the Span- are being displayed by many the Y. W. C. A., International Al- ish resolution adopted by the As- leading corporations, showing liance of Women for Suffrage sembly on September 24, 1931, the international scope of the and Equal Citizenship, Women's requesting "the Council to exam- work. International League for Peace ine the possibility of increasing and Freedom, World Woman's the collaboration of women in A center of this sort can be of Peace Union, European Union of the work of the League of Na- great educational value and a Soroptimist Clubs, International tions. This has special bearing' real aid in the creation of inter- Federation of Business and Pro- on the Disarmament Conference. est in world peace. The Disarmament Committee of

THE KINGDOM OF GOD people signed cards as inquirers. The following are some of the CAMPAIGN by-products of the movement to Some of these meetings were date: By William Axling Secretary of the National Chris- really monster meetings with It has created among the Christian forces of the Empire tian Council of Japan the attendance running as high a spirit of cooperation .and soli- darity which did not eXIst before The Kingdom of God Cam- as 2,000 at a single service. the movement was launched. paign starte~ its .sec?nd year The ninety district committees with four maJor obJectIves. Third: The third objective has that have been organized under its auspices have brought the First: Through the holding been to project the movement Christians of the cities and of of Training Conferences for the provinces in which these Christians to mobilize for the into the neglected rural area by committees are functioning into movement the laity of the church very close working relations and and to train them for active promoting and conducting Peas- given them a new consciousness participation in the movement. of the fact that they are one, ant Gospel Schools. As a pro- with a common Lord, a common With this in view two mass Gospel and a common goal. training conferences were held motional measure a conference early in the year, one in Tokyo Another by-product of the for the area including Tokyo and for the training of people to con- movement has been a broadenthe territory to the north and ing of the vision ?~ those. wl,lo one at Nara for the Osaka- duct Peasant Gospel Schools was have actively partICIpated mIt, Kyoto-Kobe district and the sur- and a re-interpretation of their rounding territory. One thou- held in Tokyo in April. Over task in terms of a more practical sand four hundred and fifty lay- Gospel and a Christiani.ty apmen and lay-women attended 100 delegates, most of them of- plied to the problems whIch are these conferences. These dele- distressing our modern world. gates were sent by the churches ficially appointed by the denomiin the areas covered by the con- An 0 the r far-reaching byference and have proved a tre- nation with which they are con- product has been the creation mendous force in creating inter- among the Christians of other est in the campaign in their re- nected, attended this conference. nations of a new interest in the spective churches and localities. Christian movement in this land Such Christian rural special- and especially a new interest in Following these two mass con- the progress of the indig~no~s ferences, con fer e n c e s of a ists as Messrs. Sugiyama, Kuri- Christian Church here whIch IS similar character have been held fast reaching full manhood. in a great many of the provinces bara, Mas s a k i, Kurabayashi, of the Empire, with representa- Letters come from all quarters tives from all of the churches in Yabe, Takizawa and Kagawa, of the world expressing a deep the province in attendance. interest in this Kingdom of God out of their own experience Campaign, assuring us of the Second: Another objective has prayers of a large number of been that of continuing the mass placed before these delegates the people in the various nations and evangelistic m e e tin g s which asking for information to pass were started last year. Dr. Kaga- purpose, the technique, the on to many who are eager to wa of course, has been the cen- know how the movement is trai figure in this particular course of study and other mat- progressing. p has e of the movement, but there have been a large number ters pertaining to the conduct In a very real sense the Camof pastors, as well as laymen, who all over the Empire have of a successful Gospel School. paign is thus creating not only served as evangels in meetings for the public at large. The Kingdom of God Cam- a new solidarity within the . Statistics have not as yet been paign has also provided speakers Christian forces of the Japanese gathered to cover this phase of the work for the current year, for quite a large number of Empire, but is creating a sense so it is impossible to report the number of meetings held and Peasant Gospel Schools that of sol ida r i t y between the their results. have already been held this year. churches of the west and the Dr. Kagawa covered the Tohoku fairly well and had some However, the movement only churches of this land. wonderful meetings in the Hok- Imido. During the twenty days' provides speakers for Gospel The movement needs your campaign there over 2,000 Schools that are cooperative in constant and passionate prayers.

character; that is, it will not It is packed with large poten- send speakers to schools that are tialities, but only prayer and the under purely denominational work of God's spirit can bring auspices. these to realization.

Fourth: The fourth objective this year is that of following up campaigns that have been held in the past with a view to con- serving their results. Quite a number of such follow-up cam- paigns have been held and each district committee, with this as a goal, is encouraged to put on special meetings for special groups, such as meetings for st~­ dents for educators, for bUSI- ness :nen, for working men, etc.

The Kingdom of God Weekly has held its own both as to cir- culation and content and about 3ev0~0r0y0 copies are published week. The launching of this evangelistic medium and the wide circulation which it has at- tained in so short a time is one of the outstanding achievements of this campaign thus far. Our W orld,Vide Outlook A Missionary N.ewspaper of Cu.rrent Events CHINA They do not have a single blank- packed to its utmost limits every day. et or change of clothing. The Standing room was even at a pre- Wrestling with Flood Perils chill winds will be exceedingly mium, and the addresses were broad- difficult for families with little cast by loud speakers to large audi- A unique factor of a Yangtze children. The entire Christian ences in the courtyard of the church. flood is its duration in time as community over a wide area has It was noteworthy that so many of well as extent in space. It is now been reduced to poverty by those who attended were young laynormal behavior for this great bandits and civil war. All men and women. stream to remain high for four buildings at Kienning have been or five months each year. This at least partially destroyed, and . Following the conference, four evematters little so long as it re- the mission safe, with the deeds mngs devoted to evangelistic work mains below the dike level, as it and accounts, and cash, has been were arranged, admission free. The does in ordinary years, but when looted, reports the pastor of a first of these was held on Sunday in it overflows the dikes and fills church' at Kienning. He lost the Lee Gardens. By the aid of loud all the valley, this slow recession everything he possessed, and speakers, the addresses were audible of the waters extends greatly the started out again in a borrowed in every part of the Gardens. It is estiperiod of distress. This means suit of clothes, to go back to his mated that there must have been fully no winter crops throughout most field and direct the work of res- ten thousand people present, and a of the valley, and the total de- toration. feature was the reverent attitude of struction of almost all buildings -American Board of Commis- all present. standing in water. sioners for Foreign Missions. These gatherings are the biggest of Relief organizations are oper- An Unusual Conference their kind ever held in China. All ating so efficiently now that delegates meet their own expenses, there is no word of actual star- Mrs. Arthur Lindquist, of the while at the same time contributing vation or acute distress, though Swedish American Mission, Can- toward the general expenses. No apthe deaths from disease remain ton, China, reports some most peal is made for funds, and on only high, despite heroic efforts by unusual gatherings for Bible one evening are envelopes distributed the medical services. The gov- study and evangelism. Bible for the free will offerings. ernment has asked medical conferences were held for ten schools to suspend work for days at both Hongkong and Can- A United Church in China three months in order that their ton for the deepening of spiritfaculties and advanced students ual life in the Chinese Church. When the Church of Christ in may be released for work in the These were conducted by the na- China was organized it was a devastated regions. tive Chinese churches. heterogeneous group with vary- ing backgrounds and origins, The hard pull is ahead when Before the first conference representing the work of fourthe coming of winter coincides was held it was felt that if fifty teen missionary societies with with' the exhaustion of local or one hundred teachers, pas- varying systems of church polstocks of grain. It is still too tors, and evange.Iists could be ity. The synods were scattered early for the collection of ac- gathered it would be worth all over China speaking varying curate information as to the while. To the surprise of all dialects and, with the exception totals which will be required. great numbers came in spite of of a very few of the Chinese pas- the terrific heat of midsummer tors and church leaders, were -The Christian Century. in the tropics. very little acquainted with each other. The two triennial meet- Self-forgetfulness and Courage From the South China Morn- ings of the General Assembly ing Post the following para- and these General Workers' Con- "Facing destruction, many graphs refer to the gathering at ferences have created opportunileaders have displayed self-for- Hongkong: ties for the unifying spirit of getfulness and courage. Prac- our Lord to manifest His gratically all the well-to-do families The annual Pooi-Ling Bible Confer- cious work. Out of these assemin our Christian community ~nce, an interdenominational gatherhave been robbed, held for ran- mg arranged by the Protestant a blies and conferences and resom, and forced to pay large churches, aims at the deepening of sums of money. The Director of spiritual life among Christian work- treats there is emerging· Religious Education and his ers. church which is not only united wife are living in the ruins of in name and in aim, but also in their once modern little home. The meetings were marked by pro- spirit and in service. It is a great found interest on the part of the Chi- privilege to see these integrating nese, Saint Paul's Church being forces at work and to observe the process of becoming a [115] church which is spiritually, es- sentially and actually one.

-A. R. Kepler. Bandit Rescues a Missionary are a mass of sentimentality or and a debauchee in spite of his Mr. Lacey Sites, of the Amer- filth. It is time that America excellent education. His sins ican Methodist Mission, Fukien, showed at least as much good brought him to attempted suiwho was taken captive and held judgment as the Chinese. cide and delirium tremens. The for ransom by Chinese bandits Chinese Responsibility bullet missed his brain yet left that infest that province gained him lying for a long time be- his liberty a week later. No The staff of the Protestant tween life and death. A Japanransom money was paid. He Episcopal Mission at Anking is ese pastor led him to the Cross. was rescued by a young bandit almost entirely Chinese. The His deliverance was immediate leader who, with a hundred fol- foreign members are: one bish- and his transformation comlowers, scoured the hills for four op and one foreign priest, one plete. This has so impressed the days in search of the missing doctor and two nurses, two busi- university officials and hospital missionary. This young bandit ness women, three sisters, two surgeon under whom he serves, had attended a missionary meet- men teachers. The Chinese staff that indifferent as they are to ing addressed by Mr. Sites, and includes: 31 Chinese priests, the claims of Christ on themhad been so impressed that he 18 catechists, 96 teachers, 3 doc- selves, they allow him to hold had exp'ressed a desire to change tors, 2 sisters. Bishop Hunting- meetings with patients, nurses his mode of life. He left after a ton writes: and office staff. Some thirty- short conversation with the mis- The object of the Anking mission five souls gather weekly to pray sionary and no particular impor- has always been to merge itself in the and praise and listen. Chinese Church, and the troubles of tance was attached to the inci- recent years have hastened it. Chi- For Peace and Progress dent at the time. This bandit, nese workers are now in charge of hearing of Mr. Sites' capture, nearly everything in the diocese. The Christian conscience in immediately called his followers Every church, every school, and even Japan is aroused to the menace together and went in pursuit. the hospital, are under Chinese heads. of the present Sino-Japanese They found the missionary in a The bishop and the diocesan treasurer dispute. The National Christian small house, closely guarded, are Americans. Council of Japan, representing surrounded the house, effected practically all Protestant Chrishis release, and brought him I hope, and my Chinese brethren tians in the land, unanimously home in a sedan chair. share the hope, that we shall not be passed a strong resolution con- forced into making another jump too taining the following declara- China Motion Picture Control suddenly. In any event the Church tions: in China, in spite of her troubles, is Immorality, murder and rob- going on to meet her new problems, In view of the Manchurian incibery are promoted by many mo- stronger and more vigorous than dent we feel a deep sense of selftion picture films. The life of ever. reproach that the spirit of world JAPAN-CHOSEN many peoples, including Ameri- Japan Evangelistic Band peace, based on brotherly love which cans, is grossly misrepresented we constantly advocate, does not per- In Kobe there are nearly a by films exported to other coun- dozen little churches, all self- vade the world's life. We pledge ourtries. In order to insure against selves to new endeavor in behalf of peace in the Orient and throughout this the Chinese ministry of supporting, the result of the the world. May the conception of jusfinance has instructed the cus- work of the Japan Evangelistic tice, friendship and love be deep-going toms administration to prohibit Band. Their total annual offerthe export of Chinese films un- ings amount to over three thou- and rule the hearts Df all who are concerned with this problem, and lead to an early solution of the difficulty, less previously approved by the sand dollars. One is a mission- thus eradicating the roots of the con- ary church, the members of troversy between Japan and China. national film censorship commis- • . . We earnestly desire the pray- which are Koreans. Another sion. China insists that the group of country s tat ion s ers and cooperation of our brethren movies made in that country in Christ and of all peace movements shall fairly represent the Chi- around the city of Okayama are everywhere. nese people. America permits all self-supporting and guided by The present international sitthe exportation of the worst of Mr. Sato, an old Band member. uation, the increasingly desper- Hollywood pictures without in- There is still another group, ate industrial and social conditerference, and has instituted a thirteen in number, scattered tions in Japan, and the fact that bureau whose function it is to through the country. These too 40,000,000 rural people in 12,000 increase the sale of American are self-supporting. A larger Japanese villages have not been films abroad no matter how group of twenty-six little con- touched as yet by Christian efmuch they may damage Ameri- gregations lying between Kobe forts is enough to convince the ca's reputation. Alternating and the west coast of Japan are most skeptical of the need for a with the gangster films are those the result of the Forward Move- united Christian front to the of low moral standards, depict.:. ment. evils of the day. An evidence of ing men as not only not protect- A typical convert's story is the vitality of Japanese Christiing women, but gliding with that of the present cashier of a anity is shown by the Christian them down the path of sin. The hospital connected with a large Council's approval of the misbulk of the exported pictures university. He was a drunkard sion work being undertaken

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

among Japanese in other lands, lies hidden in those figures. One 1830." A great crowd assembled notably Brazil, the Philippines, boy from a darkened home every on the site, where these men and the United States. day at school prayed that his lived and are buried. Bowed be- parents, brothers and sisters neath the palms, on the eastern Union Bible Classes in Osaka might know Christ and at home end of this tiny island, that he urged them to take the step. stands sentinel by the date line, From the bustling city of They would not even attend many lives were pledged to take Osaka, Japan, comes encourag- until "c 0 m men cern e n t" day up the torch and wave it wide. ing news of a Bible Training when, hearing their little son "These all died in faith. Theirs School. Miss Ann Kludt writes recite Scripture and seeing him was the past century, ours is the in the Watchman~Examiner: receive a Bible in reward, they present! A century in which to all gave their heart to the Lord. keep Fiji Christian, in the face Several members of the Bible class That church-the Ip..Am Church of new sinister forces that are have seen the vision of a union of all of Suh Hyung Co.-reports the revealing themselves on every the English Bible classes of the city. whole church revived as a re- hand." We tried to arrange for such a meet- sult of its summer venture for ing last year, but we had to give up the children. -Missionary Review the idea. But last Sunday we did (Australasia) . have the meeting, and were more than At O-San 260 children were delighted for nine classes were repre- taught. Sec u I ar primary Mass Education in Lanao sented with seven foreign teachers. teachers tried to p'revent ten of Eighty-nine members of the nine them from attending, five were We are under tremendous classes were present. The program beaten and abused by their pressure. Now we have 142 was divided into three parts: devo- parents and twenty or thirty volunteer teachers; program tional, a program by the classes, and were abused for going to a Bible gaining momentum every day; a discussion. The result was a union School. Many were illiterate our newspaper printing job is of the classes with the object of meet- when the school started. At the ass u min g huge proportions; ing once .or twice a year for better end of the term, seven-tenths of 2,000 new persons a month are service and fellowship. One of the them had not only learned to now learning to read, and what most gratifying things was to see the read and write but read well to give them to read has become way the members of the class shoul- enough to take their turn in a nightmare to me. I stay dered the responsibility and worked. reading Scripture verses. awake half the night, and dream The class is going on to greater the other half about it. things. Their enthusiasm knows no A place called Kyung Hyung bounds. reports an increase in attend- I have before me the names ance of 130 because of the sum- of 1,158 men and women who Leader of a Beggar Band mer's work. Eighty-six were learned to read during the past baptized and ninety-eight agreed month. Of this number 250 The Salvation Army has for to read their Bible every day are women-no one can realize many years maintained a Home through the year. what this means who has not for Beggar Boys here in Seoul. been in Lanao. We taught as Some years ago, when the work The Swallen Bible Corre- many girls last month as have was first begun, the workers spondence Course continues to been in the public schools of picked up off the streets one cold enroll new students. There are Lanao since the schools were winter's night a little boy and now 4,487 people taking the opened. We now have the names took him into the Home. course and 1,126 graduates. A of 12,000 who have learned to number of Bible Institutes make read since we began this method. The boy was intelligent, be- this a part of the work required came the leader of the Beggar of each student. FRANK LAUBACH, Lanao, P. I. Boys' Band, and a first-class assistant about the place. Last ISLANDS OF THE SEA An Object Lesson in Fiji winter a letter came from a Korean woman in America ask- Centenary Celebrations in Fiji Sixty years ago we used to ing the Salvation Army to hear lurid tales of savagery and undertake to find her lost son. Just 100 years ago three murders and cannibalism in the She gave his name, stating also Tahitian teachers made the first Fiji Islands. Now a visitor can that he was a citizen of the organized attempt to evangelize see with his own eyes these peo- U. S. A. by birth in that coun- Fiji. In the opening service of ple and their descendants enjoytry. She said that she was now thanksgiving last July the key- ing the blessings of civilization able to pay his way to America note of the celebrations was and all of them nominally and care for him. The boy was struck in the song that rang out "Christian." the leader of the Band. Surely in the words, "Send the Light! God works in mysterious ways. Send the Light!" The Chair- It was a great surprise to Roscoe C. Coen–Presbyterian man of the Fiji District unveiled learn that in addition to Fiji Mission in Seattle. a stone tablet, "To the memory being now entirely civilized of J ecoro, Arue, and Atai, three ninety-three per cent of the The Korea Sunday Schools Christian Tahitian teachers who native Fijians can read and landed at Oneata on July 9, write. Mr. A. W. Macmillan, the The chief work of the summer Government Inspector of native was the 790 Summer Children's schools, introduced me to the Bible Schools, enrolling 4,160 teachers and 67,193 pupils. Many a romance in spiritual life

grandson of the last cannibal South, reports the year 1930-31 Morocco lying south of Agadir- king of Fiji-King Kakohau- as one of the best in its history. a region hitherto as much closed who ceded the Islands to Great The following are some of the to missionary enterprises as Britain in 1874. .Two large, definite achievements: Tibet.

pointed granite stones were A revival in the Congo has re- Versions in forty-six lan- shown me upon which King sulted in 300 conversions. Rites guages have been sold to pas- Kakobau and his predecessors, of baptism were administered to sengers on the ships at Port after raiding n e i g h b 0 r i n g Chiang Kai-Shek, ex-President Said.

islands and torturing their cap- of China. A new church costing A colporteur, entering a circus tives, would dash the brains of $20,000 was dedicated in Liege, in Austria, succeeded in selling their victims and then p.artake Belgium. A gift of $10,000 Gospels to J.apanese, Chinese of the cannibal feast. The last (Mexican) was given anony- and Arabic performers. Occa- murder was in 1867, when a mis- mously by a Chinese Christian sionally the colporteurs find sionary was killed and eaten. for promoting evangelism. The themselves in districts where If people who despise mission- Moore Memorial Church in payment is made in bananas, ary effort would go out and see Shanghai was completed at a fish, eggs, or roasted chestnuts.

for themselves the wonderful cost of $325,000 (Mexican), In Spain, where 136,900 copies transformation that has taken $50,000 being contributed by the of the Scriptures were displace in the Fiji Islands they Chinese. Autonomous churches tributed last year, the Revolu- would assuredly become active have been set up in Brazil, Mex- tion has given the Bible So- supporters of the Christian mis- ico and Korea. Kwansei Gakuin, ciety's agents greater freedom a school operated jointly by of action. sionary enterprise. If a few of our laymen, accom- Methodist, South, and United Russia is at present the only panied by members of their Church of Canada Boards, has considerable portion of the infamilies, could see these Islands been given full university status. habited world into which Bible and these people-descendants A church has been built for Ko- colporteurs cannot penetrate.

of former savage tribes-they reans in San Francisco, and The proximity of Communistic would be intensely interested three churches for Indians in Russia, however, seems to have and return home full of en- Oklahoma. More than 1,000 per- stimulated the sale of Bibles in thusiasm for the work of our sons were converted and a new Estonia, Latvia and Poland. missionaries who have changed church has been built at Kingsa savage cannibal race into a port, Tenn., an industrial center. NORTH AMERICA thoroughly civilized and God- World Wide Bible Distribution College Students and the Church fearing community. -J. C. M,eggitt in The British The British and Foreign Bible Statistics for the year 1929-30 Weekly. Society records the issue of four- show that 87 per cent of the stu- GENERAL teen new versions. The total dents at publicly controlled col- number of Bibles, New Testa- leges and universities belong to ments and portions of the Scrip- some church. According to a $2,500,000,000 a Year for Philanthropies tures distributed during the statement issued by Dr. William Money devoted to philan- past year was 11,888,226, of thropic purposes in the United which 7,604,625 copies were sold Lindsay Young, director of the States is $2,500,000,000 a year, by 1,130 colporteurs. Department of University Work, according to Dr. Arthur J. Todd, In South America thirty-nine Board of Christian Education, the Presbyterian constituency Professor of Sociology at the colporteurs sold 250,000 copies, represents the second largest re- Northwestern University. Dr. canvassing from house to house ligious group, composed of 35,- Todd says that philanthropy in the great cities. Forty per 541 members. This is a remarkstood eighth in the list of the ten cent of the Gospels circulated in great American industries in the Argentina were sold by a single able showing and answers the statements often made that our value of its total operations. colporteur at a Buenos Aires colleges are hotbeds of irreligion "Approximately one-half of railroad station. Another man and dissipation. .

this money goes for religious climbs far up the slopes of the The increase in the number of purposes; education receives 8 Andes to visit places within the students in colleges, however, per cent; health, 9.2 per cent; jungle zone. personal gifts to individuals. A colporteur with the pioneer- means that a whole section of 11.6 per cent, and foreign relief ing spirit worked among Tibe- membership of the home church has moved out from under the receives 9.7 per cent." The 380 tans for three months, crossing ministrations of the minister.

community chests raised about .over into the forbidden land in There are few people between $85,000,000 last year. the wake of shepherds and the ages of 18 and 22 in the same Triumphs for Methodists herdsmen. town as their home church. The Colporteurs have now been college student is geographically The Mission Board of the able for the first time to drive removed from Christian leader- Methodist Episcopal Church, an automobile into the region of ship. As an agency for keeping

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

in touch with students, the home Home Missions Under Difficulties from 1910 to 1920 however, the church has broken down. For Protestant gain was 53% slower the greater part of the year, ex- Claton S. Rice of Montana than the gain in population. cept in rare instances, the min- writes: "It was sixteen below ister is out of touch with them. that morning, and by evening In 1920 Catholics numbered the wind was blowing and an- 1,883 more than the Protestants, A City Mission Centennial other blizzard in progress. A Russo-German drove me fifteen but in 1930 Protestants gained One hundred years ago, the miles to a country church where the lead by 218,219. That census story of a new venture of the I had the privilege of addressing showed a Catholic gain of 21 % Church in the interest of the about 100 people, most of them to 2,362,805; an Eastern Ortho- "plain people and the poor" was young folks. To think that they dox gain of 21 % to 111,096; a presented in the Episcopal pul- had come out on such a night to Jewish gain of 14% to 1,875,521 pits of New York City. This attend a church service! It was and a Protestant gain of 32% to venture was christened "The good to see their eyes glisten New York Protestant Episcopal when I used their language. I 2,581,024. During the same City Mission Society." was entertained at a Russo-Ger- period of ten years the popula- tion of New York City increased 23%_ Its purpose was to take the man home built on a bleak hill- Better Race Relations church's ministry to Episcopa- side with no trees about it. As lians and others not being no wheat was raised this year Steps have been taken in Milreached by the regular parish great stacks of Russian thistles waukee, Wisconsin, to improve were the only roughage in sight. race relations between the white churches" such as "families of Imagine my surprise to find that people and the 12,000 colored poorer mechanics, merchants' the house was furnace-heated citizens by organizing a race reclerks, journeymen, apprentices, from coal mined right on the domestics, and others unable to place. They had electric lights lations council. Several small pay for sit tin g s, besides as well from their own plant, groups have been functioning ins t ran g e r s, immigrants, etc." not only in the house, but in the barn. This farmer says that terracially and the new council There h ave been added there will be good years again, is made up primarily of the through the years such auxiliary and he is not unduly discour- chairmen of such groups, with efforts as the famous shelter, St. aged. The wonderful snowfall representatives of many civic, Barnabas' House, neighborhood of the last week in November social and religious bodies. The and settlement work at God's gives promise of better agricul- Providence House, fresh air and tural conditions next year." executive board will include repconvalescent work at Rethmore resentatives of various civic, Home and Schermerhorn House. -The Congregationalist. Jewish, Catholic and Protestant organizations of the city. Today that infant-organiza- A Million in Men's Bible Classes tion, born in 1831 with one mis- The council proposes to study sionary and a budget of $1,000, Six thousand classes, with a is closing its one hundredth year total membership of approxi- the local situation of other dark mately 1,000,000 men, are now races represented in the citywith a staff of more than 175 affiliated with the National Fed- American Indians, Mexicans, workers and a yearly expendi- eration of Men's Bible classes ture of over $325,000. which held its eighth annual Chinese and others. The local convention in Canton, Ohio, re- press, it is reported, is giving -Elizabeth B. Canaday in The Chu1·chman. strong backing to the movement toward the establishment of in- terracial understanding and good will in Milwaukee.

The Presbyterians Retrench cently. LATIN AMERICA The Presbyterian General· Church Members in New York Religious Limitations in Mexico Council recommended $10,000,- 000 as the basic benevolence Protestant church members in The Mexican Government has budget for the year 1932-33, to New York City are more nu- recently enforced the decree perbe apportioned as follows: merous than Roman Catholics. mitting only one priest or pastor After their loss ten years ago of of anyone religious sect to National Missions ……. $ 3,059,500 Foreign Missions…….. 2,370,750 the prestige of numbers, figures every 50,000 people in Mexico on religious affiliation of the City or Lower California. No Christian Education ….. 1,239,750 6,930,446 citizens of New York clergyman is permitted to of- Pensions ……………. 507,500 have been made public by Dr. Walter Laidlaw, executive secre- ficiate in more than one church. American Bible Society… 58,000 This has caused the closing of Fed. C.ouncil of Churches. 14,500 Total …………….. $ 7,250,000 tary of the Cities Census Com- many Roman Catholic churches. Woman's National mittee of the United States There are now 400 priests and Census Bureau. During the ten 200 Roman Catholic churches in Missions '" $1,375,000 years from 1920 to 1930 Protest- Mexico City alone. The new Woman's Foreign ant adherents gained in num- law will permit only 24 priests bers 39% faster than the gain and 24 churches in the Federal Missions '" 1,375,000 2,750,000 Total …………. $10,000,000 in population. During the period District. The Vera Cruz limit

is one priest per 100,000 of the Linguistically, they are divided, whole villages became Christian, the Kanella and Gaviao speaking and some of the more intelligent population. A motion urging all priests what is perhaps one of the hard- members of the community beand lay Catholics to wage a cam- est indigenous languages in came effective preachers of the paign against the Young Men's South America-the "Ge"- Gospel.

C h r i s t ian Association, the while the Guajajara Indians -The Christian. Young Women's Christian Asso- speak the more familiar tongue ciation and similar organiza- known as "Tupi." EUROPE tions brought to Mexico from the A mission of the Roman Cath- Moravian Missions United States was passed by the National Guadalupe Catholic olic Church worked at one time The Moravians have been from Congress in Mexico City where among the Guajajara tribe, but the first a distinctly missionary the congress was in session in body. The Hon. Robert Gawconnection with the celebration its activities terminated a few thorne-Hardy writes in Blackof the four hundredth anniver- years ago, when the Indians re- wood's Magazine: "Moravian sary of the traditional appear- volted against certain policies of missionaries have been in Labance of the Virgin of Guadalupe. the mission, and in one night rador since the eighteenth cen- The motion accused the societies tury, and it is their endeavors named of injecting an anti-na- murdered five nuns and seven alone which have preserved the tionalist spirit into the country priests. We found hardly any Eskimo and have turned a thievand encouraging undress athlet- ing, treacherous race into a peoic parades in public. trace of the former so-called ple of unbelievable gentleness Christian teaching. In one year, and honesty." This is only one Religion in Salvador by the blessing of God, one vil- part of their far-flung field of lage has been practically freed effort. As the London Times The National Assembly voted of drink to the consternation of says: "The fine work of the recently to prohibit the incoming Moravian missionaries is known of all priests and ministers of the unscrupulous drink traffick- from Greenland to the Himareligions. This was motivated in ers, who, today, receive little re- turn from their former victims.

Similar moral transformations seem to be accompanying the preaching of the Gospel in most part by the fear that the possi- of the villages where our mes- layas." ble expulsion of the religious or- sage has been delivered and un- This year the Moravian Church ders from Spain would mean an derstood. -L. E. Harris. will celebrate the 200th anniver- sary of its foreign missionary influx of foreign clergy into the A Land of Mystery enterprise. A booklet by Rev. country. The president, how- Forty years ago the vast re- John Greenfield, Moravian evanever, refused to sign the bill. In the capital city of Salvador gion in the heart of South Amer- gelist of Warsaw, Indiana, enthe Baptists have just finished a ica, known as the Gran Chaco, titled "Power From on High," $46,000 primary school building was a land of mystery, its tells the story of the Moravian which is both modern and beau- wastes unexplored, its peoples revival which resulted in the tiful. At Santa Ana a high unrecognized. Single – handed, conversion of John and Charles school building costing $60,000 Barbrooke Grubb, the brave pio- Wesley and the beginning of was dedicated in January. neer, penetrated the interior and Methodism. settled among its inhabitants. The first Moravian missiona- Difficult Situation in Chile Gradually, as he and his com- ries were sent out in the year Business is very bad in Chile. panions opened up the country, 1732, and began work in the Many are out of work and thou- savages became useful citizens. West Indies, which has become sands are gathered in big ware- Nomads were weaned from rov- one of the church's largest fields. houses where they are fed by the ing ways and persuaded to adopt When Carey sent out his mis- government. Many are in a dis- settled habits. Children were sionary challenge in 1792, the tressing condition. The Presby- educated. Young men were Moravians had already sent terian Mission School at Valpa- taught various handicrafts, and three hundred missionaries to raiso is endeavoring to do some- instructed in all branches of cat- work in North and South Amerthing to help them. Most of tle-ranching. Girls were trained ica, the West Indies, Greenland these people work in mines in farm duties as well as in do- and Labrador. The Moravians which are nearly all closed. As mestic service. Social life im- were the first to send missiona- Chile depends so much on the in- proved. Infanticide declined. ries to the Jews, and the first to come from salitre, a difficult sit- S epa rat e houses displaced work among lepers (South Afri- uation has been created. groups of filthy shelters. Agri- ca,1818).

Indians of Amazonia culture was encouraged, and the There are over three hundred keeping of sheep and goats, stations, yet the annual expendi- There are more than two horses and cattle was inculcated. ture amounts to but little over thous~nd natives in the region One by one the men and women £100,000; of this, less than half of Barra do Corda. They belong shook off the shackles of witch- is raised at home, the greater to three tribes, known as the craft and submitted themselves proportion being the contribu- Gaviao, Kanella and Guajajara. to Christ. In course of time, tion of the mission fields.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

A Gypsy Church We are pressing our churches to sional but as one of themselves and it makes a great difference. We have Dr. Rushbrooke, of the Bap- learn the joy of giving to the Lord. already sympathizers in Cracow and tist World Alliance, describes Vilna and may be able to organize the recent dedication of the Bap- But this year these people are suffer- branches there. Our meetings are very tist church building in the gypsy helpful not only to the Jews but also village of Golenzi, Bulgaria. A ing under problems of unemployment to the Gentiles who are drawn closer stolen New Testament led, some to Christ. In the heat of discussion years back, to the formation of and failure in business. Unlike the they have to define their own posia gypsy church in this village. tion towards Christianity and they It has hitherto met in cottage rest of the world, most of our com- learn to look up to Christ for support. rooms which have proved inadequate. Now gifts from the Ger- munities have a background of de- Bank Directors Open With man Baptists of America have Prayer made it possible to secure a portation and worldly losses, from church. The gypsies themselves The small Protestant group of have taken a large share in the which they have had no chance yet to which Rev. J. S. Porter, Prague, undertaking, including the man- Czechoslovakia, is the shepherd ufacture of 32,000 bricks. The recover. Out of their poverty they has started a bank in that city. Sunday of the dedication was a The meetings of the directors historic occasion in the village have done wonders, and three evan- are always opened with prayer. and the semi-barbaric finery of The government inspector was the gypsies provided abundant gelical churches are already entirely present officially at one such material for photographers at- meeting. Afterwards he ex- self-supporting. pressed himself as surprised and tracted by a unique event. The pleased with such a start. All Sunday School gathering and The Executive Committee of the of the net income of the bank is the distribution of a small hymn used in the interests of church book-the first in the gypsy lan- Greek Evangelical Synod finds itself and benevolent work. There are guage-and of the gypsy Gospel but two paid clerks-the remainof Matthew were special fea- with a deficit of 143,000.00 drachmae der of the officials give their tures. The response of gypsies services. in Golenzi to the presentation of (or, the equivalent of $1,857.00); and, the Gospel message is remark- Russian Activity able and significant, but this they are faced With the necessity of The following items are taken race is scarcely yet touched. from the Allgemeine Evangel- They represent an opportunity, cutting off the salary of nearly half isches Lutherischen Kirchena problem and a challenge. In zeitung, which is in a position to Bulgaria alone there are 150,- the preachers and two Bible women. obtain certain facts: 000, nominally Orthodox or Mo- The Russian authorities have hammedan, but practically with- All the ministers, with one accord, de- been making great efforts to spread communistic teachings out any idea of God. clared they could not give up their among the German population, -The Watchman Examiner. which is found notably in the work, but were willing to live on half, Volga region. A communistic A Stirring Appeal from Greece paper, N euland, published in or no pay, and to try to earn their German, brings the complaint Evangelical work in Greece that notwithstanding the greatwas started eighty years ago, living in oonththeerirwcaoynsg,resgtaitlilonkse.*eping est efforts it has not been able to their hold raise its circulation to 5,000. amidst terrific opposition and In consequence of the uninterpersecutions, and has been main- After a thorough examination rupted workday week, many tained under heavy sacrifices of the situation, six workers of church services have had to be both on the part of the Greek congregations that are able to transferred to the evening evangelicals and by the help both maintain their work, unani- hours. Attempt is being made of British and American mis- mously agreed to offer 10% of to prevent such services on the their meagre salaries into the ground that the electric cursionary societies. general fund, to aid in the sup- rent should be refused churches The Greek Evangelical Synod port of their brethren, and the and prayer houses, since 100 other eight workers accepted has sent out a stirring appeal for churches consume as much help in this time of financial dis- the conclusion that they should power as a large factory. tress. They say: confine themselves to the $5 or $10 a month their starving con- The question of the child and These are days of unusual opportu- gregations can give them until the school in the Soviet Union is nities in Greece. The fields are white outside help comes. This all entering on a new phase. A unto the harvest and we are praying means that the workers and child attaining the age of fourthe Lord of the harvest to send forth their families are facing starva- teen years may join the Union more laborers. To help each work- tion. About $1500 a year would of the Godless. Parents who er to have the strongest influence would hinder this are deprived among men, and also to free his mind save the situation. from financial anxiety there should be funds to cover expenses. • ,Contributions may be sent to Rev. P. G. Longinides, 50 Amalias Ave., Athens, Greece.

Christian-Jewish Students in Warsaw Dr. Prentky of the Warsaw Station of London Church Mis- sion to the Jews writes: The Society for the Approach of Jews and Gentiles is passing from its babyhood into vigorous youth. We have come into touch with several groups of students of different politi- cal and religious opinions: we have gathered around us Roman Catho- lics, Protestants, Greek-Orthodox and Jews, the last representing Zionism and Assimilation, 0 r tho d 0 x y and Liberalism. We have drawn up our status and presented it to the Gov- ernment for legalization and we are assured that the Government regards our activities with sympathy.

The number of students attending our weekly meetings grows steadily. We have endless opportunities of dis- cussing religion and Christ. One meets there young people not as a profes-

of their work and their children AFRICA use plumbago to prevent inflam- mation in a wound and the are taken away. From the age A Closed Land stitch.

of eight years on children may The bark of the root of the red dagga plant is one of the native be entered in junior groups of One of the least known of cures for snake-bite. Europeans the ungodly. Moslem areas is the Spanish value it even more than natives Colony of Rio de Oro with its for this purpose, who also make In anti-religious effort these protectorate. Although the pop- a tincture from its flowers for Soviet schools have accomplished ulation is small, it is practically coughs, chest complaints, and all Mohammedan. A French nervous headaches. much. At the same time in all traveler reports in The Geoother lines they have been woe- graphical Journal his attempt But the plant's greatest value to penetrate this area: is when it is used with an herb fully inefficient. The Soviet which is called ubuhlungu besigschool gives only a fraction of One of the most inaccessible tracts cawu (by itself another snakewhat the public schools in other in the whole of Africa at the present bite remedy). The combination countries offer their pupils. day is the country known as the Rio is used as an antidote to blood- poisoning, and some remarkable At present Pravda is agitat- cures are recorded even where the patients have seemed to be ing for an accurate registration in extremis. The herb is strongly antiseptic, and a paste from its of all the children of school age, de Oro, south of the Wed Dra on the leaves relieves toothache. with the view of enforcing a sys- southern frontier of Morocco. It is inhabited by fanatical tribes and ex- -South African Outlook. tem of compulsory education. posed to the raids of brigands. Last In the Sudan Open Doors in Italy year a young Frenchman, Michel Vieuchange, set himself the task of Archdeacon Archibald Shaw The Spezia Mission has never pushing south of the Dra to the mys- went to the Southern Sudan in terious town of Smara, built last cen- 1905, to work under the C. M. S. faced a winter's work with among primitive tribes, with greater opportunities than at tury in the midst of the desert by the funds contributed in memory of rebel Marabut Ma el Ainin. He un- General Gordon. He believes present. Conditions make for dertook the journey with the minimum that Christianity can best be larger liberty in missionary op- of equipment, aided only by a small spread by education. He says: erations, and God is speaking to party of natives, the fidelity of some Our two and a half million people of whom was open to grave suspicion. are scattered over a vast area. It men's hearts and granting a real He disguised himself as an Arab is not much good to preach to them under a palm tree for a day or two, revival. Many who this year woman-there were two women also and then not to revisit the spot for a have taken their stand for Christ in the party-and so reached the fron- year or more. If we can influence our boys and girls in the schools they are giving, by lip and life, a tes- tier post of Tigilit, where he under- make much better missionaries to went wearisome delay, lying hid in a their own people, especially as they timony that is stirring all those are going back and multiplying the about them. native room too low for him to stand little bush schools. In one or two up in, while his guide bargained for areas, as a result, there have arisen Some students of a govern- "mass movements" on a small scale, ment departmental college, live- the necessary camels. Smara was de- and in these areas the natives are serted, though native encampments clamoring for baptism and teachers. We find that in the boarding schools ly, riotous young feIlows, heard were seen .on the plain, and M. Vieu- nearly 90 per cent of the boys come of our Protestant meetings and to us for baptism before they leave. change made a hurried inspection be- . We are planning for the coming came with the idea of creating a fore starting back. The traveller winter to put a mission station disturbance. But the Lord met amongst the Nuers, probably the wild- reached Tiznit, in Southern Morocco, est people of Africa today, who have completely worn out, was taken by constantly and recently defied the Government. It is hoped that the them, and it is a thrilling story aeroplane to Mogador, where a fort- present policy of "pacification" may night later he died at the military be aided by the establishment of misof modern miracles to hear how hospital. sion schools. He showed them their sinfulness The British Government is subsidizand brought them to a knowl- African Medicines ing the missionary education already edge of Jesus. They have pub- begun. We have our bush schools licly confessed their Lord in bap- A number of the herbs used which give what is called a "subtism in crowded gatherings, at by the African witch doctors grade" education. There are now also which were present many of have been found to have a defi- one C.M.S. and two Roman Catholic their college companions. The nite medicinal value. The roots "Intermediate" schools in which the whole college is stirred. Some of a plant known as the wild whole of the teaching is in English. are feeling it their duty to write sweet potato were used to expel to their parents and relations in the devils from a person supother parts of Italy to tell them posed to be bewitched. The plant what has happened, and so the is both poisonous and dangerous. Umlanjeni, the evil genius of fire is spreading. Nearly five hundred children the Chief SandHi in the Kafir are thronging our Bible day War of 1850, persuaded the Afschools, and we have been com- ricans that the purple and white pelled to close our doors to more roots of one of the pelargoniums for sheer lack of space. would ward off the white man's Our central aim is to preach .bullets. This pelargonium is still the Gospel and to bring the good called by them ikubalo lika Um- news of salvation to those in ig- lanjeni (Umlanjeni's charm).

norance and superstition. He also gave them pieces of -Rev. H. H. Pullen in The the plumbago shrub to chew for Christian. the same purpose. Today they

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

In these the boys are mainly trained The Blind in Egypt Ovambo and Bushmen. There as schoolmasters and clerks, and are are among these at least 77,000 prepared for further training as med- The Church Missionary Soci- human beings to whom evangel- ical assistants. ety has received from Gindi Ef- ists must be sent. fendi Ibrahim, himself blind, an Double Shift Christians account of the efforts to help the Famine in Zululand blind of Egypt, who number half This name is given to an in- a million. Since 1923 Gindi Ef- The Rev. John Hawkins of fendi has been in charge of this Somkele, Zululand, South Africreasing number of Sunday work. In 1925 he opened a ca, writes: "This district has school officers and teachers in school near al Azhar Univer- been proclaimed by the govern- sity, the great centre of Moslem ment 'a famine-stricken area.' Johannesburg, South Africa, learning. Not only did he teach Nearly all the rivers and water who, in addition to working in. the sheikhs who came to him to holes were dried up; no grass, read the Bible in Braille, but no planting, no money, lack of their own white Sunday school als(l taught them some handi- employment, and cattle too thin craft to enable them to gain a to be accepted as barter. It is in the afternoon, conduct Sun- living. Many of these sheikhs reported that 1,000 head of catday schools in the morning for afterwards came to ask ques- tle are dying daily in Zululand. the black children. These native tions relating to Christianity. Ours also, including donkeys, schools are promoted by the have been dying daily, so that Rhenish Mission Growth we were unable to raise a team Witwatersrand Methodist Na- of either to fetch a load from the tive Mission. The children are The Rhenish Mission reports railway station. It is reported the first generation of complete- that the number of members in that the government is sending the Naama and Herero country in maize at twelve shillings a ly town-dwelling natives, and has grown to 52,644 during the sack of 200 lbs., the price here past year, an increase of 3,143. today being seventeen shillings. the whole European church must Besides this, at the end of the The outlook is serious for us and year there were 2,542 persons for the people; and yet our wabe mobilized to meet this intense more being instructed. The ter tank is full and overflowmg, number of pupils also has in- while most springs are dried situation. Few natives have creased. The report states espe- up." either the knowledge or the gifts cially that all these increases which qualify them to teach chil- have come "in spite of the stress -The Christian. of the times." dren. At present this mission "Mothering" 250 Malagasy Boys Instruction is being given to has 27 Sunday schools with 2,445 children on farms by mi- Pastor Hallanger of the Nor- gratory evangelists. This is an wegian Lutheran Church of 2,174 scholars and 105 teachers, institution of great service in America has recently assumed this mission. The people are full responsibility for the erec- 57 of the latter being European seeing the advantages of educa- tion of the boys' school in Manand 48 native. tion and say that a child that antantely, Madagascar, and finds grows up wild-"like a jackal in that the task "piles up before me The movement grew out of a the field"-has no prospects for a great deal more work than I business man's query about advancement. can do properly." Among the what could be done to meet the things which he is compelled to situation. In many instances In an area as large as the oversee are the health of the native schools were adopted by state of Texas there are 30,352 boys, the cleanliness of the build- European schools in the same whites, of whom 12,352 live in ing, the teaching, the discipline, area and staffed by those who communities and the larger the spiritual life of the school, taught black children in the number on farms. There exists and even matters of clothing. morning and white children in a police zone. Outside of this This with a total enrollment of the afternoon. By an adapta- zone there are 117,000 Ovambos about 250 boys, 190 of whom are tion of mining phraseology, who migrate to find work, and boarding pupils, is no small task. these have been described as more than a hundred thousand "double shift Christians." The among whom no mission society "The boys themselves teach difficulty of language was solved does any work at all. In the case each other the intricacies of the by placing the native day school of the migratory children, it is sewing machine and tailoring. staff, many of whom enlisted, in felt that migrating evangelists The boys are at present busy charge of the smaller children would do the most effectiv~ sewing their suits of clothes. In who had not as yet acquired a work. In the police zone in the the normal school they get about working use of the English lan- Southwest there are 102,392 na- five meters of unbleached cotton guage. tives, composed of Hottentots, cloth-about enough for a coat Hereros, Hilldamas, Bastards, and a pair of trousers. These Every Sunday morning native townships and locations are invaded by all sorts of consecrated vehicles which discharge at the door of all sorts of edifices their loads of European workers. There has grown up among these people a delightful comradeship. The staff of one school includes a hospital sister, a lady journalist and a minister's wife.

they sew themselves without any question was raised about him. A Rival Congress help. It is surprising how well The problem centered around At the call of the Mayor of they get the suits to fit; it seems Jerusalem an opposition conthat there is a tradition handed the three Persian Christian gress of more than 1,000 deledown from generation to gene- boys. gates met in the King David ration as in the days of the Hotel as the general Moslem guilds. The school has two sew- "According to the examina- Conference was closing. This ing machines, which are at pres- opposition congress passed the ent running every minute that tion manual the examination in following resolutions: the boys are free. It is interest- the Koran and Shariat (Persian ing to watch new boys being To neg.otiate with the Moslem couninitiated into the mysteries of religious law) is only for Mo- tries to hold another general Moslem running a sewing machine and hammedans. What a Moham- congress independent of any Moslem kingdom. medan is is not defined. The three boys applied for entrance to the examinations and claimed exemption from the Koran and making a pair of pants that Shariat examinations inasmuch To safeguard Moslem holy places in won't split when they sit down. In the primary school, too, many as they were Christians. To Palestine and to restore to their orig- this, however, they received the inal sacred uses the shrines which prefer to take cloth instead of a reply, 'The department cannot the Mufti allegedly c.onverted to other purposes.

shirt and make something a lit- know Rezas and Hoseins and Ali To ask the Palestine Government tle more stylish than the 'dress' style shirt furnished by the Akbars as Christians for their to carry out the demands of the Pal- names are Moslem.' We were estine Arab delegation to London for school. I like to believe that told to correct the 'error' by the independence of this country and these boys will be able to furnish writing that we had made a mis- its protection from Zionist danger.

themselves wit h well-sewed. take and that they were not The School at Kermanshah Christian at all." The Industrial Farm School clothes when they get out."

WESTERN ASIA Moslem, Congress in Jerusalem and Orphanage at Kermanshah, Persia, will be self-supporting Arabic Bible for the Blind A Yiddish paper, The Day when it has added $5,000 more (December 14) says that the to its equipment. After five years' labor the Na- Zionist Movement and the Engtional Institute for the Blind lish Government were attacked A tract of over a thousand has completed the first edition of in the sharpest language at the acres of land with two large the Bible in Arabic Braille. The Mohammedan Congress, called work has been carried out under by the Grand Mufti of Palestine. plains of arable land and valleys the British and Foreign Bible having grazing for hundreds of Society, who will distribute the At the discussion concerning book to blind readers in Arabia, Mohammedan holy places and sheep and cattle has been se- Palestine, Egypt, and North the Wailing Wall, Said Bey Sa- Africa generally. The Arabic bet, delegate of Irak, said the cured. The children work on the edition occupies thirty-two vol- following: "If the Jews will farm. They are also trained in umes, as compared with the sev- keep on with their activities in carpentry, blacksmithing, maenty-four volumes of the Na- Palestine, we shall be forced to sonry, tin-smithing, b roo mtional Institute's Bible in Eng- treat them in a way which is making, s pin n i n g, weaving, lish Braille, but the size of the well known to them. We shall housekeeping, according as they volumes is larger and about allow the Jew only to sit in their double their thickness. To obvi- houses." are boys or girls. For spinning, ate language and other difficul- a wheel made in England, simple ties, an English lady living in The Congress adopted the fol- Jerusalem first transcribed in lowing resolutions: and easily reproduced, is being manuscript the whole Bible into Arabic Braille, and it was from 1. To establish a corporation of used; for weaving, the automatic her copy that the Institute's five million dollars for constructive hand-loom made by the Salvastaff worked on the metal plates purposes in Palestine, to counteract from which the book sheets the activities of Zionism. tion Army in India. Rotation of were printed. crops, proper fertilization, de- 2. To reject the findings of the What Is a Mohammedan? League of Nations with regard to struction of insect pests, refor- the Wailing Wall. estation of hills, elements of dry- farming are guiding principles 3. To protest to the League of Na- in the orphanage farm manage- tions the establishment of a Jewish National Horne in Palestine. ment. The human material which 4. Mohammedans must boycott J ew- ish products manufactured in Pales- comes to the school is pitiable enough. Good food, open-air life, R. L. Steiner, of Persia, tine. and Christian teaching trans- form them. In most cases weeks and sometimes months went by writes: "This year was the first 5. To make propaganda through- before smiles and laughter be- out the world for the independence of time that Christian boys from the Palestinian Mohammedans. came a habit. Some have become very capable so that unexpected the school had been sent up for 6. To make known to the whole the government examinations. Mohammedan world that Zionism is a obstacles and new situations One is an Armenian and so no catastrophe for Palestine. neither baffle nor confuse them.

-Sunday School Times.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Advance in Afghanistan experience to enable them to co- sincerely and fervently pray to operate with the missionaries in the Almighty through the med- Afghanistan is reported to be carrying on their work. Rev. ium of Lord Jesus Christ bemaking progress in moderniza- R. Buell Love, a missionary, loved Prophet of the Almightytion. At the recent celebration writes: (on whom be peace)-for the of the anniversary of Afghanis- recovery of their patients. This tan's independence, King Nadir "The men are organized into is the reason that their medi- Shah stressed the need of im- parties. On Saturdays and Sun- cines are efficacious and all their mediate internal improvement, days they go out to the village undertakings are crowned with and told of plans already under within a radius of five or six success. The entire staff of this way for a hospital, for "the en- miles of Saharanpur and preach hospital, from the highest to the couragement of local industries, to groups. lowest, are with one accord the and the attainment of internal followers of the religion and security." Current History re- "I am thinking of organizing creed of the holy prophet Lord ports a school of Arabian sci- an evangelical team of four of Jesus Christ- (on whom be ences opened for Moslem learned the best men the seminary has. peace)-Lord Jesus Christ was men; the institution of a Council The object of the team will be to an exalted and beloved prophet of Ulema, or learned men, to be go with me into distant villages of the Almighty in olden times, elected by the people; and the and to stay for two or three days of whom mention has been creation of a new system of at a time for intensive preach- made by the Almighty in the courts. There are at present not ing. The team will have one holy Koran. May God keep thee over 70 Europeans in the coun- good preacher, one musician, one prosperous in the world." try, principally in Kabul. The good athlete, and the other man present king is apparently avoid- will be assigned to some partic- (Signed) "Hashmat Ali." ing the mistakes of his predeces- ular duty. These evangelical sor, Aman-Allah, by honoring teams have been very successful The Burma Gospel Team the followers of Islam. The mes- in one or two other places, but sengers of Christ are still ex- this will be the first to be organ- The Rev. V. W. Dyer, of cluded. ized in our mission area." Burma, recently sent the follow- ing cablegram to the Baptist INDIA, BURMA, CEYLON Testimony from a Moslem Board: Religious Liberty The tribute of a Moslem pa- "Stanley Jones and Hodge, of tient to the work of a mission National Christian Council, call The Working Committee of hospital in India is given to the Burma Gospel Team three the India National Congress Chr()nicle of the London Mis- months South and West India. passed a resolution guaranteeing sionary Society by R. J. Ashton. Notify constituency. Ask special to minority communities the The composition was written in daily prayer for us and All-India "protection of their culture, lan- Hindustani, in flowing Persian revival." We are confident that guage, scripts, education, profes- script; appended was a transla- our people everywhere will pray sion and practice of religion and tion into English made by an- earnestly that God's blessing religious endowments." The other patient, from which quo- may be on Mr. Dyer and his Catholic Leader (M a d r a s) tations are made. He says: Gospel Team as they go forth raised the question whether the on their larger mission. elementary right to "convert "It is related that Lord Jesus was implied in the Congress con- Christ-(on whom be peace)- Methodist Diamond Jubilee ception of religious liberty." is still alive and that towards the end of the world, when Imam Seventy-five years ago, the Mr. George Joseph informed Mahdi-(on whom be peace)- Rev. William Butler, the first the Leader "that the freedom to will make his appearance, he missionary of the Methodist convert was deliberately omitted (Lord Jesus) will once more Episcopal Church, arrived in from the text of the Congress descend to the earth. Bareilly to begin Christian servresolution," though he had sug- ice to India. On December 7, gested that the resolution be "Is it any wonder then that 1856, the Rev. William Butler amended to include the words, there is such marvellous efficacy began that eventful period. "including the right of conver- in the medicines dealt out by sion." The proposed amendment men who are followers of such Dr. Butler and his wife had was rejected. In view of recent an exalted and beloved Prophet scarcely reached Bareilly (Dediscussions with and utterances of the Almighty, called Ruh Allah cember 7, 1856) and established of Mr. Gandhi this action is sig- (Spirit of God), reinforced as their home when the Sepoy Renificant. those medicines are by the bless- bellion broke loose. They and all ings of the Lord. There is a other whites were forced to flee IndUuns Co-operate special peculiarity in this hos- for their lives, finding refuge for pital which is not to be found weeks at Naini Tal. Dr. But- Students of the North India in other hospitals, and it is this, ler's library and goods at Bareil- United Theological College at that every day, before commenc- ly were destroyed, but when the Saharanpur are given practical ing work the entire staff, high rebellion was over he re-estab- and low, assemble together and lished the mission at Lucknow

and Bareilly, beginning with a were in the audience that every much more does his religion class of seven members in May, seat was occupied, and scores sat mean bread of life to feed his 1857. on the floor. They attend Bible soul. Since he became a Chris- classes with enthusiasm, conduct tian, he has brought with him to In 1860-four years after the their own discussion groups, and Sunday services one after anarrival in India of Dr. William are keenly interested in all ques- other of his employees, till Butler-there were only sixty- tions relating to the Bible." finally, he had the pleasure of seven members of the Methodist seeing five of them confess Episcopal Church in the land. A Young Woman's Service Christ and receive baptism at In 1875 there were 2,148 mem- one service. At his invitation bers; in 1887, 4,018 members; Evangelistic work in Hydera- the little group of workers goes by 1898, the number had grown bad, South India, is progressing. to this factory twice a month to 78,000; by 1905, to 110,000. "Since the beginning of the to hold services." Today the total membership of year," writes Charles Rutherthe Methodist Episcopal Church ford of Jangaon, "we have bap- Seed Sowing in Siam and Malaya in India is estimated at 350,000 tized more than 100 converts in persons, the largest Methodist this field. Two new villages have The Chinese Church in Bangmembership in any major divi- been opened, to one of which a kok has undertaken the responsision of the foreign mission field. young woman from our Bible bility for the extensive distribu- Training School in Nellore was tion of the Scriptures. The Task Not Finished assigned. She has a small school, workers regularly meet incom- which is being attended by chil- ing and outgoing steamers. The following paragraph is dren from the caste village, Canal and river boats, as well as quoted from a recent book pub- though her school is held in the business districts, have their dislished in Germany and dealing outcaste section. Recently twelve tribution. One energetic book with missions in India: people were baptized, mainly as dealer offers Bible portions to a result of the faithful and un- every customer, and his supply All the Protestant churches and tiring service of this young wom- needs constant refilling. Immigroups, .from the Anglicans to the Sal- an. The whole attitude and ap- grants, 500 to 2,000 each week, vation Army, are carrying on mis- pearance of the people have im- are visited by the colporteurs sions today in India, side by side with proved since the coming of Mar- during their one or two days' the Church of Rome. The outward tha. Other villages are clamor- detention for examination and success of this missionary work has, ing for teachers." registration at department headwe must admit, been small. Out of quarters. A rare opportunity the 320 millions of India, five mil- – Watchman-Examiner. for far-reaching results is in lions today are professing Christians. placing Scriptures in the. hands It is true that within the past thirty A Slogan for Burma of the 300 to 700 returning to years missions have made important China each week. numerical progress. Between 1901 Objections were raised at the and 1921 the figures of the baptized annual meeting of the Burma Gospel Preaching Prohibited rose rapidly from 2,660,000 to 4,750,- Christian Council against the 000. But these figures are deceptive. title adopted for the campaign: Straits Settlement is an aggre- The increase relates f,or the most part "Burma for Christ Movement." gation of diverse races, with to initial success in newly opened When this was first published Chi n e s e predominating. Misareas, while in the old mission fields some vernacular papers saw in it sionary work may be carried on a static condition has set in, which it an unfriendly mil ita n t cam- among all except the children of is often impossible to alter even by paign. Some felt that it was the land-the Malays. The nathe most intensive recruiting efforts. placed in juxta-position to the tives of the Straits Settlements In Ceylon there are exactly as many motto: "Burma for the Bur- and Federated Malay States are Christians today as there were 200 mans." However, the Council Mohammedans, and the British years ago. Even if numerical prog- felt that it is the spirit rather rules have agreed with the naress were to continue at the same than the name that will deter- tive rulers that the people shall pace as in the last thirty years, three mine the attitude of non-Chris- be protected from interference thousand years .of missionary work tians and it seemed best to re- with their faith. It is said that would be required in order to make tain it. only the Sultan and his house India a Christian land. are actually named, but in the SIAM-MALAYSIA outworking of the plan it has -Evangelical Christian. been found impracticable to es- A Siamese Christian tablish Christian work among Girl's Interest in Religion the people. "In this community," writes a Miss Ruth Cowdrey, who has Presbyterian missionary from A joint study of the situation had access to the students in col- Bangkok, "lives a Christian man should render possible an apleges and universities, serving -head man of one of the largest proach to governing powers with for ten years as general secre- establishments. He has taken a view to a relaxation of present tary of the Young Women's his Christianity as seriously as prohibitions. Christian Association in Mad- he takes his work. If his weavras, says: "The girls of India ing means rice to feed his body, are easy to approach on the subject of religion. They know no prejudices. A religious meeting invariably attracts great num~ bers. When Stanley Jones gave lectures in Madras so many girls

WORTH

Any boo~s mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-'The Review The Forest Hos}}ital at Lambarene. my readers far too much of the It was well to link up these be- By Albert Schweitzer. Translated by C. T. Campion, M. A. 191 pp. prose of Africa, but whatever ginnings with one great heroic $2.00. Holt & Co. New York. 1931. one gets drowned in fills the figure in the person of John The name of Albert Schweitz- mouth. Our life is so filled with Mason Peck. Here is a perfect er, famous as a great theologian this prose that I cannot but write type of home missionary; a fronand as interpreter of Bach, is at present before the public as a about it. Anyone who wants to tiersman who possesses the abil- Christian physician in West Equatorial Africa. do good under our African con- ity of adjusting himself to cir- Twenty-five years ago he ditions must fight any tendency cumstances as they pre sen t wrote "The Quest of the Histor- in himself to let his nerves and themselves; an organizer of Sunical Jesus," a book that aroused considerable criticism. Today he temper be upset by all the big day Schools, c h u r c h e s and a follows in the footsteps of his Master in lowly and heroic serv- and little difficulties of daily life, school of higher learning; indeice. "Through the spirit of Jesus I became conscious that a man and must retain his full joy in fatigable in labor, travel and can be called to a place without knowing exactly just why he has his work." preaching, and at the same time been called to it. Jesus is Lord, "It seems to me incomprehen- a leader of the people of his state our Lord. What is decisive is not the theories we are teaching sible that I am leaving the na- in all moral and righteous issues. about Him, but the obedience with which we are serving Him; tives for months. How fond of The story is so written that it Christianity without words. For years I have been preaching them one becomes, in spite of all cannot fail to quicken anew the about Christianity. But inwardly, I was longing to be practic- the trouble they give one! How fires of Baptist missionary zeal. ing Christianity silently. This I many beautiful traits of char- But for such Christians as are do now, or I try to do it." How Dr. Schweitzer is doing acter we can discover in them, not members of the Baptist fold it, this book tells. Far more in- if we refuse to let the many and this volume has also an intense teresting than the best fiction is this account of the voyage, the varied follies of the child of na- interest. The beginnings of the first months in Lambarene, West Africa, and the tragic experi- ture prevent us from looking for struggle against human slavery ences in the old hospital during 1925 and 1926, and in the new the man in him! How they dis- are portrayed. What more interhospital which was completed in 1927. One is tempted to quote close to us their real selves, if we esting story than that of the largely from a narrative that moves on like a symphony. have love and patience enough "Cantine Creek Baptized Church Pathos, tragedy, and humor follow in rapid succession, but be- to understand them!" of Christ, Friends to Humantween the line~ one can read far s. M. Z. ity," organized in 1809, whose more than is narrated. Vanguard of the Caravans. A Life- constitution denied "union and "And now I cannot help fear- Story of John Mason Peck. By Coe ing that my narrative has given Hayne. 157 pp. Illus. $1.00. Jud- communion with all persons son Press. Philadelphia. 1931. holding the doctrines of per- petual, involuntary, hereditary This volume is written in com- slavery." A. J. M.

memoration of the one hun- Perils in the Wilderness. By G. Find- dredth ann i v e r s a r y of The ley Andrews. Pamphlet 25 cents.

American Baptist Home Mission China Inland Mission. Philadelphia Society which had its birth in and Toronto. 1931.

New York April 27, 1832. All This vivid story of the experi- too frequently anniversary vol- ences of two missionary ladies, umes are stuffy, pretentious and Mrs. Hayward and Miss Gomer- suggestive of museum pieces. sal, in the midst of bandits gives The reader is due for a pleasant some idea of the present situa- surprise as he dips into this vital tion in disturbed parts of China. volume. With commendable skill We see also clearly the courage the author leads back into the and faith of the missionaries, stirring events in the midst of . the faithfulness of Mongolian which American Baptists laid friends and the reality of God's the foundation of their impres- care for His own. The ladies sive home missionary enterprise. were captured by bandits in N0- [127]

vember, 1930, in the dreary slave girls and unfortunates in New Books Mongolian desert and were later released. W hat happened on the Chinese communities in Cal- Chinatown Quest. Carol Green Wiltheir journey from Lanchow in son. 263 pp. $3. Stanford Uni- Kansu; through Mongolia and ifornia. The story is naively and versity Press. Stanford. 1931. on to Peiping makes a stirring narrative. ingenuously told by a friend and Chaka: An Historical Romance. Thos. Mofolo. 198 pp. Oxford Univer- The End of Exterritoriality in China. it ends somewhat abruptly. The sity Press. London. 1931. By Thomas F. Millard. 8 vo. 278 pp. A. B. C Press. Shanghai. remarkable character of this The Challenge of Amazon's Indians. 1931. Mrs. Arthur F. Tylee. 92 pp. 75c. able and clever woman is left to Inland South American Missionary This work presents the condi- Union. New York. 1931. tions that attended the institu- be gathered by the reader. It tion of exterritoriality in China, "Charge That to My Account." D. A. and the reasons and methods of will be a dull reader that cannot Ironside. 123 pp. 75c. Bible Inthe Chi n e s e Government in stitute Colportage Assn. Chicago. bringing the system to an end. do this from the wealth of excit- 1931. With its termination, exterritoriality, except as it applies to ing incidents with which the Charles E. Cowman: Missionary-Wardiplomats and special ambassa- rior. Mrs. Chas. E. Cowman. 411 dors, probably will fall into dis- book is filled. It is a needed ac- pp. $1.50. Oriental Missionary Souse, as China is the last import- ciety. Los Angeles. 1931. ant country where it has been in count of a noble woman whose force. Chefoo: A Story of the China Inland unique work has been the re- Mission School at Chefoo. Stanley The author is a competent his- Houghton, Edith B. Harman, Martorian who has spent many years deeming of hundreds of Chinese garet Pyle. 82 pp. 2s'. China Inin China and has written several land Mission. London. 1931. books and many articles. He girls and their training for useserved as adviser to the former The Dawn Wind. Olive Wyon. 155 Peking Government from 1919 ful and happy and righteous pp. 2s., 6d. Student Christian to 1923, and was appointed ad- Movement Press. London. 1931. viser to the National Govern- womanhood. R. E. 'S. ment in t929. He believes that Gandhi: The Dawn of Indian Freethe passing of exterritoriality in Bells of India. By Ethel Cody Hig- dom. Jack C. Wilson and Venier China marks the end of an era ginbottom. 172 pp. $1.50. Revell. Elwin. 224 pp. $1.50. Revell. in the history of that country New York. 1931. New York. 1931. and the commencement of a new epoch. What this change means For over twenty years Mrs. God-The Eternal Torment of Man. to China and to the complex for- Higginbottom has lived within Marc Boegner. Translated from the eign interests that are involved the sound of India's many bells French by Morton Scott Enslin. 165 is indicated in this v 0 I u m e. and has listened with sympathet- pp. $2. Harpers. New York. 1931. Eleven appendices add valuable ic heart to the more impelling documents and a bibliography. notes of the call of India's peo- God in Freedom-Studies in the Rela- ple. As a missionary of Allaha- tions between Church and State. A. J. B. bad and the wife of a missiona- Luigi Luzzatti. $5. Macmillan. New ry, the founder of the Allahabad York. 1931. Chinatown Quest. By Carol Green Agricultural Institute, she has Wilson. 263 pp. $3. Stanford Uni- often heard the sound of the sa- Good News. C. V. Sheatsley. 156 pp. versity Press, Stanford, Calif. 1931. cred cowbells and those which $1. The Book Concern. Columbus, are worn by the donkey, the ox- @hio. 1931. This book bears the sub-title en, the goat and the elephant. "The Life Adventures of Don- The bells of the temple have His Bequest-The Believer's Riches in aldina Cameron." The sub-title often clashed with those of the is faithfully descriptive. The mission school. The memories Trust. Norman B. Harrison. 48 Pl?· book is the story of one of the awakened by these bells and most devoted, courageous, mod- other associations have given Gift edition 40c, Art cover 25c. BIest and useful women in Amer- Mrs. Higginbottom the opportu- ble Institute Colportage Assn. Chiica. With no trumpets or avoid- nity to describe the various cus- cago. 1931. able publicity, with fearlessness toms of the people, the life on that has faced danger and death the farm, the lives of those asso- He'athen Rage. Gerald Stanley Lee. again and again, Miss Cameron ciated with the temples and 342 pp. $2.50. Smith. New York. has given a generation to the palaces and in contrast the free, 1931. rescue and education of Chinese satisfying life in the Christian schools. She has also given Curing the Incurable. Winifred Com- much of her time to the care of ber. 35 pp. 6d. Church Mission- lepers and untainted children ary Society. London. 1931. and reveals in her attractive stories the need for better medi- Jesus Came Preaching. George A. cal care and Christian guidance Buttrick. 239 pp. $2.50. Scrib- for these sufferers and their ners. New York. 1931. children. She indirectly appeals for some of the needs of the Al- Khama-King of the Bamangwato. lahabad Agricultural Institute. Julian Mockford. 322 pp. lOs., 6d. Anyone who takes Mrs. Higgin- Jonathan Cape. London. 1931. bottom as a guide will learn many interesting things about The Lutheran Hour. Walter A. Maier. the life and customs and needs 324 pp. $1.50. Concordia Pub. House. St. Louis. 1931. of India. The Missionary's Charm. K. M. Mac- Leod. 234 pp. 2s. Pickering & Inglis. London. 1931.

'Items Obituary Notes BOOKS

(Continued from 2d Cover) PRINTED .. .

The Rev. Francis Shunk Downs, D. The Rev. Rennie Maclnness, Bishop We offer a complete book- D.. a secretary of the Board of For- of the Church of England' in J erusa- making service at reasoneign Missions of the Presbyterian lem, died on December 24th, at Burgh- able rates. Write us your Cliurch, has been called to the First by-Sands, Carlisle,' England. Bishop needs. Church of Berkeley as the successor MacInness was 61 years of age, was ordained in 1896 and went to Cairo BOOK CRAFT GUILD of Rev. Dr. Lapsley A. McAfee. as a missionary three years later. 'In 509 Fifth Avenue 1914 he was consecrated Bishop in New York City * *' * Jerusalem, serving efficiently in this capacity for seventeen years. Munshi Ganeshi Lal The Rev. George W. Ric:hards, D. D., and Son president of the Theological Seminary *** of the Reformed Church in the U. S., 9 Drummond Road, Delhi, India at Lancaster, Pa., and former Mod- The Dr. William E. Witter, who erator of the General Synod of that went as a Baptist missionary to Dealers in denomination, has been elected chair- Assam in 1883, and who, after a sixman of the Executive Committee of year term there, served for 20 years Indian Curios, Jewelry and the Federal Council of the Churches as district secretary for the Baptist Photographs of Christ in America, a place for- Foreign Mission Society in the midmerly filled by Dr. Walter L. Lingle. western and New England sections of By Appointment to His Excellency the United States, died in Rochester, The Governor of United Provinces *** N. Y., Nov. 5. Following his secre- tarial service, Dr. Witter had re- write for prices or Henry Roe Cloud, a Winnebago In- t'.lrned to Assam for a seven year pe- Send j:or Sample 100 Rupee Box dian, president of the American In- rIod, b~t since 1922 he resided in dian Institute at Wichita, Kansas, has Rochester. of Interesting Curios been appointed to the staff of the They Make Wonderful Gifts Bureau of Indian Affairs in Wash- *** All goods carefully packed and shipped prepaid.• ington, D. C., as field secretary. He Dr. Joseph W. Cook died of typhus in Hamadan, Persia, on January 7, at Send payment by has been granted a year's leave of ab- the age of forty-eight. In 1912 he Postal or Express Order sence by the Presbyterian Board of went to Persia as a Presbyterian med- National Missions, under whose direc- ical missionary but after five years The COMMUNITY tion the Institute is. Mrs. Cloud will was .obliged to resign on 'account of CHURCHMAN continue at the Institute as super- his health. In 1929 Dr. Cook revisor of student work. turned to Persia. A journal interpreting various ef- forts in union, federated and com- *** *** munity churches toward community betterment. There are now over Bishop Motozo Akazawa, fourth William Sylvester Holt, formerly a two thousand such churches in P!esbyterian' missionary' in China, Americo, the most rapidly develop· Bishop of the Japan Methodist dIed recently at the age of eighty– ing religious movement in the three. At Soochow and Shanghai he country. The larger problems of Church, has been visiting in this coun- rendered valuable service for twelve American' Christianity and of years. Serious illness causing his re- world Christianity also receive try as a delegate to the recent Ecu- tUrn, he turned to work among the attention. menical Conference in Atlanta, Geor- Chinese on the Pacific Coast. The gia. , Chinese church in Portland is known SPECIAL CLUB OFFER as "Holt Chinese Church." The Missionary Review of the *** *** World……………… $2.50 Dr. Helen Kim returned in Novem- The Community Churchllk!ln .. , 1.00 ber to Korea after several years of Gaylord S. White, dean of Union graduate study in the United States. Theological Seminary, New York City, $3.50 She is the president of the Woman's died on December 6th. He was for Both for S2.75. Save 75 cenb. many years head worker at the Union Christian College at Seoul. settlement and had a wide knowledge THE COMMUNITY CHURCHMAN of the many problems in this field. Pork Ridse, III. *** His place will be difficult to fill.

Mrs. Dorr Diefendorf has been *** elected chairman of the Foreign Department of the Woman's Foreign Louise Bates Boomer, widow of Dr. Missionary Society of the Methodist William B. Boomer, who with her Church, taking the place of Mrs. husband gave thirty-seven years of Francis J. McConnell who had re- service to Chile, died September 22 at aigned. East Northfield, Mass. She sailed for Latin America in 1887, and in 1924 *** they were placed upon the roll of hon- orably retired missionaries. She as- Mias Harriet Halverstadt, the Amer- sisted her husband in the preparation ican missionary who was kidnapped of the Spanish hymnal. the latter part of December, was released by the bandits after a brief *** period of captivity. Julius Rosenwald of Chicago, one of *** the outstanding philanthropists of the world, died on January 6th at the age Elsie Schuyler, M. D.. wife of the of sixty-nine. While Mr. Rosenwald was a Hebrew, he gave largely to ReT. Burl T. Schuyler of Lahore, many Christian enterprises, including the Y. M. C. A. and Tuskegee Insti- India, was the recipient of the Kaiser- tute, and to countless other philani-Hind gold medal as an indication of thropies-for Jews, Negroes and oththe aJlPreciation of the government of ers in need of friendly help. His Majesty, King George V, in the eIalPanja~, for her medical work, espe- Citi~ In the leper asylum in Ambala

Christ Known to

The Goods News of the Way, the Truth and the Life through Christ is interpreted to Moslems through the Literature published in Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Urdu, Panjabi, Chinese and other languages spoken by Moslems in all parts of the world. You can help to supply this much needed Christian literature for millions who have never heard this Good News-in Egypt Palestine Malaysia Morocco Turkey China AI«iers Arabia Java Tunis Irak Sumatra Syria Persia South Africa India You may not be able to go but you can help the missionaries in these countries through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems.

This Society does not send missionaries but cooperates with the Nile Mission Press and Interdenominational Committees on the field.

BOARD OF MANAGERS William I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson, of New York, Vice-Presidents Mrs. William Bancroft Hill, Honorary Vice-President Mrs. William Borden Dr. John H. Raven Dr. James Cantine, Cor. Sec. Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Rev. Thomas S. Donohugh Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Mrs. J, M. Montgomery Rev. Mills J. Taylor, D.D.

Rev. Robert W. Searle, D.D. Mr. Fennell P. Turner Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Treas. Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D.

Gifts may be sent to The Treasurer at 116 East 68th'St., New York City. Apply for information and literature to The Moslem W()'f'ld, 156 Fifth Ave., New York.

WITH GOD IN PAPUA The work begun by Jdmes Chdlmers dnd Chdrles W. Abel continues. God is working by His Spirit in Pdpua today, transforming former cdnnibals into witnessing Christidns.

Would you like to hear more of the wonderful story? Write for d free copy of KWdto Mission Tidings.

New Guinea Evangelization SocietYI Inc.

HUGH It MONRO, President. J. H. RIGHTER, Secretory. WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer.

156 Fifth Avenue, • • • New York City A Typical Papuan A Work of Faith and a Labor of Love

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1932

1932

THE The New Year Outlook MODERN YOUTH AND THE MISSIONARY APPEAL KENNETH S. LATOURETTE JOHN R. MOTT ON "THE PRESENT DAY SUMMONS"

A REVIEW BY ARTHUR J. BROWN SOME NEW TRENDS IN LATIN AMERICA JOHN A. MACKAY BRAZIL-YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW H. C.TUCKER INDIA AND THE ROUND TABLE CONFERENCES WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN A BANKER LOOKS AT THE WORLD HUGH R. MONRO THE NEW VISION OF HOME MISSIONS WILLIAM R. KING CHRIST AND THE WORLD OF ISLAM SAMUEL M. ZWEMER PRIMITIVE TRIBES OF THE CARIBBEAN THOS. C. MOFFETT

to Remember January 4-6-HoME MISSIONS COUN- January 18-19-COVNCIL OF

CIL, ANNUAL <MEETING, Toronto, BOARDS OF EDUCATION, Cincinnati, December 30-January 3, 1932-STU- Canada. Ohio. DENT VOLUNTEER CONVENTION, Buf- ,falo, New York. January 9-11-FEDERATION OF WOM- January 24-CHILD LABoR DAY. AN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS, February 4-IN~ATIONAL COUNCIL January 2-3-CoUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR ANNUAL MEETING, Bronxville, N. Y. HOME MISSIONS, ANNUAL MEETING, OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION, Chicago, Toronto, Canada. January 12-15 – FOREIGN MISSIONS Illinois. CONFERENCE OF NORTH AMERICA, Atlantic City, New Jersey. February 12-WolW> DAY OF PRAYER.

July 25-31-WolW> SUNDAY SCHOOL CONVENTION, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Read THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor IN THE JANUARY NUMBER: BISHOP LINTON, OF PERSIA, writes on present-ddY "Evengelism through School. in the Neer Ee.t". This will dwaken lively discussion, because of contrasting policies and methods now at work. Islam claims to have an Evangel, as Professor Frank Hugh Foster of Oberlin points out in an excellent article on "Mohemmed's Evengel" to the world of his day. Perhaps the most important contribution' in this issue is by the Orientelist Professor Duncan B. Mecdoneld of Hartford. It is a scientific study on the meaning of Ruh (Spirit) in Isldmic thought,_ term which needs eluciddtion. More popular are the articles on "Medicel Mission." by Dr. E. M. Dodd, formerly of Persiai on the "Sources of the Koren", by Dr. E. E. CalverleYi dnd on "Chine.e Moslem Chronology", by Isaac Mdson of Shanghai. Professor Richard Bell of Edinburgh, and Professor Nathaniel Schmidt of Cornell, contribute studies on "Men on the A'ref" clOd on "Ibn Kheldun's Prolegomene". A Turkish Professor discusses the meaning of the Hlnif referred to in the Koran.

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Chat Vol. LV THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD No.1

DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor THE REVIEW comes to you at the beginning of a January, 1932 new New Year, in a new form. We hope you will FRONTISPIECE-Some Speakers at the Student Volunteer Conven- like it. The reasons for the change are many-chiefly tion ………………………………………………. . to save expenses in print- ing, while giving the same Page wealth of material and at- tractive illustrations. It is TOPICS OF THE TIMES …………………………. Editorials 3 the most popular size for magazines today. With God in the New Year ~ndia and Its Future We welcome this month Bright Spots in Dark Days The Manchurian Muddle a new member of our Edi- torial Family, Mrs. Estella The Incompleted Work Kagawa's Message to America S. Aitchison of Granville, Qhio, who will present at- MODERN YOUTH AND THE MISSIONARY APPEAL …………. 9 t r act i v e and "Effective By Prof. Kenneth S. Latourette of Yale University Ways of W 0 r kin g" to arouse missionary interest JOHN R. MOTT ON THE PRESENT DAY SUMMONS. . . . . . . . . . . .. 13 in the home, the church and A recent book review by Dr. Arthur J. Brown the school. Do not overlook these excellent plans. PRAISE AND PRAYER FOR THE NEW yEAR ……………… 16 The World's Week of Prayer Topics Read the list of articles promised for coming issues SOME NEW TRENDS IN LATIN AMERICA ………………… 17 (page 8). Do not fail to By John A. Mackay, Litt.D. of Mexico City renew your subscriptionif it has expired-and en- THE BIBLE A CURE FOR DEPRESSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 20 list your friends as new By Robert E. Speer of New York subscribers. They will not regret it. BRAZIL-YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW ………….. 21 By the Rev. H. C. Tucker, D.D. of Rio de Janeiro Our new printer, The Wm. B. Burford Printing INDIA AND THE ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE ……..•……. 25 Company of Indianapolis, By the Rev. Wm. I. Chamberlain. Ph.D. formerly of India is giving us an attractive magazine typographically A BANKER LOOKS AT THE WORLD ………………………. 28 and promises courteous and By Hugh R. Monro, President of the Montclair National Bank efficient service such as we have received from our re- THE NEW VISION OF HOME MISSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 cent printers, The Evan- By the Rev. Wm. R. King, D.D., Secretary, Home Missions Council gelical Press of Harrisburg, Pa. CHRIST AND THE WORLD OF ISLAM ……………………. 34 By the Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D.D. of Princeton PRIMITIVE TRIBES OF THE CARIBBEAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 37 By the Rev. Thomas C. Moffett of Philadelphia THE SPIRIT OF HOME MISSIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 40 By Ezra Cox-The Christian Advocate EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 41 Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 45 Edited by Helen M. Brickman and Florence G. Tyler OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK …………………………… 49 A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information Publication Office 40 S. Meridian St., Indianapolis, Indiana Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Entered as second-class matter at Post-Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. Application has been made to transfer to Indianapolis, Ind. 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year Foreign Postage 50 cents a year Published monthly-All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1932 by the MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., INC.

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REVIB_ ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER ONE JANUARY, 1932 Topics of the Times WITH GOD IN THE NEW YEAR ous is it that the eternal Creator has revealed What a wonderful experience it would be to see Himself and His way of life to man and has ofthe present world situation from the viewpoint of fered to him the possibility of fellowship and God and eternity. How insignificant would seem partnership in the work of making God and His the petty financial worries of the movement. How way of life known to all mankind! What comtrivial would appear the international jealousies passion and patience must characterize the Divine and suspicions, the covetous contests for a little Mind and Heart as He sees finite man, with inpatch of earth in Europe or Asia; how foolish finite possibilities, absorbed in the insignificant would seem the racial conflicts in India and the things of earth rather than with great affairs of political strife in the Americas. the Heavenly Kingdom!

The infinite Ruler of the great universe, watch- Truly the love of God, which passes knowledge, ing these petty strifes and efforts of mankind, is the only explanation for the patience of God with human failure. While there is no such thing must experience something of the reaction that as depression with God due to economic distress, comes to a student of entomology watching the there must be a deeper sorrow as He views man's feverish strife of swarms of minute insects as spiritual poverty and a deep disappointment bethey hurry here and there, heaping up little piles cause of man's failure to use divine gifts for Servof earth .and straw and grain, quarrelling with ice in the divine partnership. For two thousand one another, competing for supremacy and organ- years the eternal God patiently sought to train a izing their forces for hostile conflicts. Their brief physically redeemed people to understand His span of life is occupied only with the earth! An nature and way of Life; and now for nearly two interesting but a pityful scene! thousand years He has patiently sought to encour- age a spiritually redeemed people to share their Almighty God planned and created not only the little ball we call the earth with all its wonderful resources; He created and rules the vast universe, knowledge and Life with their fellowmen of all in comparison with which man is less than a races. The work has grown, light has spread, the speck of dust. Must He not look with some such Life has been revealed, but how slowly.

interest and pity on the anxieties, the feverish The New Year dawns, with new opportunities activity, the covetousness and jealousies that and possibilities. Shall this new year be used characterize human society today? He who made more consistently and devotedly to stress the the universe knows no financial depression; He spiritual realities, to build up Godlike character, must have marvelous purposes for the universe to carry out His program, to use His gifts for and for his creature man; He offers something spiritual enrichment and to share with others in better than political preferment and material every land the wonderful blessings of revelation wealth; He who is omnipotent and eternal con- and Life of God that have come through Jesus siders events from a viewpoint other than that Christ?

of events of the passing moment. BRIGHT SPOTS IN DARK DAYS But the most marvelous and overwhelming con- ception is that the Almighty God who is Eternal When we look at the world as a whole, the Spirit has put into this insignificant creature progress of Christianity during the past year man, a spirit akin to His own spiritual nature seems to have· been slow and almost imper- so that man, the creature, can have fellowship ceptible. In America the liquor question is a with God, the Creator, and can grow in His real problem; the economic depression has thrown spiritual likeness and power! Still more marvel- millions out of work; human failure and un- [3]

Christian short-sighted methods have brought after an earthquake so in Mexico, Central and distress to coal miners in the South; banditry South America revolutions are followed by a and vice have made our cities breeding places period of quiet and often by new spiritual progof criminals; these and other evils have filled ress. In the midst of China's turmoil Christians the newspapers and have not commended the are quietly carrying on their ministry of love; national character abroad. In Europe jealousy and lives are being transformed; Japan and Korea and suspicion have characterized international are honeycombed with Christian life and service. relations; the financial disputes over reparations, In Africa, the Kingdom of God is coming in spite the conflict in Poland and Austria, the atheistic of all the obstacles of superstition and ignorance; communism in Russia, political unrest in Ger- many thousands are under Christian instruction many and Italy have continually threatened the and multitudes show transformed lives; men and world's peace. In Asia, a reign of terror has been women, filled with the spirit of Christ, are overthreatened in the agitation for self-government in coming the menace of social degradation. In India, temporarily in suspense awaiting the re- every land of Asia the spirit-filled missionaries sults of the Round Table Conference; the Burman are winning men and women, are founding rebellion has been subdued by British arms; civil churches and are training Christians to be amwar in China has been overshadowed by the dis- bassadors of Christ to their fellows. astrous floods and by banditry and the conflict between Chinese and Japanese in Manchuria; While in the large, the picture of world condi- Korea has been greatly disturbed by mob attacks tions gives cause ·for disappointment and distress, on Chinese residents; under-cover conflict is being when we see the Christlike lives that are lived in waged in Japan between political and military every land-even in Russia-and the Christlike forces for supreme control. In the South Seas the work at hundreds of thousands of c,enters in all agitation for independence has aroused the parts of the world, we thank God and take cour- Filipinos and Australia has been on the verge of age. More than ever today both the regeneration bankruptcy due to a prodigal labor government. of the individual and the reformation of society Latin America has been the scene of revolutions need to be stressed. and changes of rulers-in Cuba, Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Peru, Colombia and Venezuela. The It is the purpose of THE REVIEW, during the earth has not been the scene of peace and good- coming year, to point out some of the neglected will during the year 1931. and needy areas, geographical and social, where the Gospel of Christ should be made known, and But if we have eyes to see and can look more to report encouraging signs of Christian progress minutely at the scenes of conflict we note many in every land and among all people, at home and signs of encouragement. Widespread philan- abroad. thropy has greatly lIelieved distress in China and Europe and America; the Round Table Confer- THE INCOMPLETED WORK ence in London has seriously sought a way of peace for India; the international courts and con- Not only has the work which Christ commisferences in Europe have diligently been working sioned His Church to do been imperfectly done in for disarmament, economic readjustment and a the transformation of individuals and of society, solution of the Manchurian problem. Peace or- but many areas are still almost untouched or unganizations are eagerly seeking to educate nations claimed for Him. to live as brothers and Church forces are promoting unity and cooperation among the followers In Japan, one of the best cultivated mission of Christ. Spain, after centuries of religious fields, the evangelization of the country seems bigotry, has become a republic and has proclaimed scarcely begun. Seventy-five per cent of the religious freedom. inhabitants are still Buddhists. All Christians together number only one-half of one per cent. But the real cause of hope and the assurance Large rural districts are still untouched and thouof victory comes from the quiet, effective work of sands of towns and villages are entirely without spiritual forces in all parts of the world. "The Christian preachers or teachers. Kingdom of God c;.omes not with observation" but the seed of life is planted and grows. In North In Korea, which is nominally occupied, there America, religious awakening has followed the are still sixty non-Christians to each Christian. financial depression, the effect being seen in churches and in colleges. In Latin America new In Formosa nine native tribes, with about life is evident in evangelical churches, and the 143,420 members in more than 700 villages, are next World's Sunday School convention is to meet without any permanent Christian work. in Brazil. As the crust of the earth settles down In China, which only a short time ago had almost 8,000 Protestant missionaries, there is so far one Christian among 1,000 inhabitants. Large racial groups of Tibetans, Mongols and other na- tives are entirely unreached by the Gospel. Almost

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

one-fourth of all China is not the field of any Russia and Central Asia are fields where the Chinese or foreign mission society. This field is greatest opposition is encountered by missionaries as large as the United States, excluding Alaska. today.

The unoccupied territory includes practically all Latin America and other nominally Christian of Mongolia, Sinkiang (East Turkestan), Kuku- lands have not yet been truly evangelized. Large nor, Chwanben, Tibet, and large parts of Man- areas are without a witness for Christ and among churia, YUnnan, Kansu, Kwangsi, and Kweichau. even educated classes, materialism and atheism Siam is occupied by one Protestant mission and are increasing.

there is only one Protestant communicant to every Noone can look over the world field and believe 1,000 inhabitants. In large districts there is not that the day has come to withdraw missionaries one Christian. In East Siam with 2,500,000 in- or to decrease their activity. The fruits of the habitants there is not one missionary. Thousands work are encouraging and the Christian Church of villages are unreached and yet the people are is growing and extending the sway of Christ in all very friendly and willing to listen to the Gospel. these lands. Until the work which the Risen Lord In British Malaysia there is little mission work gave His disciples to do has been completed there outside of a few cities. Most of the Malays are is a call for greater devotion, larger sacrifice, nominally Mohammedans. Sarawak, Brunei, Brit- more prayer and an increased number of faithful ish North Borneo are nearly untouched and every missionaries of the Gospel.

attempt to convert Mohammedan Malays in those regions is prohibited. Much of the Celebes and of INDIA AND ITS FUTURE New Guinea is also untouched. India, although one of the greatest mission The Round Table Conference in London has fields, has over 600,000 villages in which, so far proved a disappointment to the Indian Nationalas one knows, there is not one Christian. Nepal, ists and Mahatma Gandhi returns home with the Bhutan, Tibet and 500 "native states" are un- threat of another civil disobedience campaign. occupied and desire no Christian effort. Burma The British Government has, however, promised has more than 35,000 villages, but Christians are to promote an All India Federation which will found in only 2,333. Ceylon has nearly 10,000 embrace the independent states and the British villages without one Christian inhabitant and 450 Indian provinces. This seems the best solution of of them have a population of mor~than 500 each. India's governmental problems at present, but its In Mohammedan countries there are still 100 success depends largely on the cooperation of the million women and children not yet reached by Moslem population and the Indian National Conthe Gospel and an equal number of men and boys gress. The Round Table Conference is to be kept almost untouched. Afghanistan, with a popula- in existence in India through a small committee tion of 8,000,000 Mohammedans, is a country en- to which will be committed the task of forming a tirely closed to Christian missions. In Mesopota- federal constitution, determining the electorate mia (Iraq) there is one Protestant united mission arid planning Indian finance. Moslems and other at work. In Persia large stretches are not yet minorities are promised reasonable representation touched and in the south only a small part of the and protection. The Northwest Frontier Province country has any Christian work. Arabia has a and Sind, which are predominantly Moslem, will few isolated missions on its borders. The interior be made into separate "Governor's Provinces," with provincial self-government. Lord Sankey's is unreached. federal structures committee gives India a Fed- The 40,000,000 inhabitants of Asiatic Russia eral Constitution which provides for a central are without Gospel preaching. Only isolated Prot- Parliament of two houses. The upper house of estants ave found there. 200 members is to be chosen by Provincial legis- latures and the lower house of 300 members by In large sections of Turkey there are no Chris- direct popular vote on a populations basis. tian missionaries and in all Turkey, Christians are forbidden to influence minors. There is hope that Mahatma Gandhi will return to India with the purpose to cooperate in giving Who will say that no more missionaries are his people as large a measure of self-government needed? as possible. Until the various Indian elements are ready to work together there is not much hope Africa is still the Dark Continent with a million of peace and a successful self-government. The square miles of territory unevangelized and mil- British must in the meantime maintain control of the army and must decide foreign policies; they lions of Africans still in utter darkness or brought into harmful contact with godless Europeans. Here is still being waged the conflict between witchcraft, the False Prophet (Mohammed) and must for some time largely control the courts, the Christ. railroads and other public communications and

utilities; there must be cooperation in education great factor in Indian life and thought and He and social welfare. Liberty and justice must be offers the only solution of India's problems. guaranteed by the British until India is able to maintain them. In view of these great and varied problems it is interesting and illuminating to note the facts Mahatma Gandhi is a remarkable character, disclosed by the latest government census, which showing an unusual spirit of self-sacrifice and shows the total population of India to be 352,986,- idealism, but many of his economic, religious and 876, of which 181,921,914 are males and 171,064,- political ideas seem unpractical and inconsistent. 962 females, an increase of 10.6 per cent since While he has confessedly received most of his 1921. The population by religions shows that idealistic inspiration from Jesus Christ, he denies Hindus number 238,330,912, Moslems 77,743,928, His claims to universal supremacy. While claim- Sikhs 4,366,442, and Christians 5,961,794. During ing to be a pacifist, he creates strife. the last decade Christians show an increase of 32.6 per cent. Moslems increased 13.1 per cent, Lord Irwin, the recent Viceroy of India, in a while the Hindus increased only 10 per cent comspeech in London, made reference to Mr. Gandhi's pared with a rise of 10.6 per cent in the total inconsistent attitude towards missionary work, population. and testified to his own attitude as follows: Of the total Christian popUlation 3,968,623 are "People have been puzzled by some remarks in South India, including the Indian states of reported to have been made by Mr. Gandhi on the Travancore and Cochin (which have a Christian subject of the work of Christian missionaries. population of 1,958,811), Mysore and Hyderabad. From my knowledge of him, I can only say this: About three-fifths of the total Christian popula- It would require very strong proof to convince tion of India is in the south. The rates of increase one that he, who is one of the greatest social re- in Christians by provinces and Indian states, indiformers India has known, has failed to recognize cate that in the Hyderabad state (ruled by a Mosthat the real work of Christian missions is poles lem prince) there has been the largest increaseasunder from 'proselytising' as commonly under- nearly 150 per cent. This has been due to the stood. I am sure he knows, as we do, that the mass movement towards Christianity among the work springs only from the irresistible impUlse Hindu outcastes of this state. In Assam and in of men and women who, knowing themselves to Behar also there are notable increases due mostly possess a treasure beyond price, long to share it to the coming 'into the Christian Church of the with their fellows, and are impelled by the value aboriginal races of these regions. they attach to each human soul to spend themselves in lifting the fallen, ministering to the op- CHRISTIANS AND THE MANCHURIAN pressed, and bringing hope to those who have MUDDLE never before known its meaning. Truly, it is by the spirit of service that these men and women China and Japan are in a difficult situation. are inspired. Twenty-five years ago the problem would probably have been solved by Japan taking full possession "While I was Viceroy, I was able to see a good of Manchuria by force of arms. Meanwhile Eudeal of the work and to appreciate not only its rope and America would have looked on, perhaps moral and social results, but also the spirit in disapprovingly, but without protest. which it is conducted. Over and over again I saw the work among outcastes and lepers, among Today times have changed. What is one councriminal tribes and aboriginal dwellers in jungle try's business concerns all of the civilized world, tracts, in crowded cities and remote places in the where international problems and relations are hills. I have seen men and women struggling to touched. The World Court, the Kellogg Pact, the translate the message of Christ into the practical League of Nations and treaties guaranteeing the language of everyday life, spending themselves to preservation of China's territorial integrity-all cause America and Europe to have something to bring Christianity to India. As a man, I value say when Japanese armed forces invade Chinese territory, kill Chinese, take over Chinese public such work as this. The missionaries are doing offices, telephone, telegraph, railways, arsenals, waterworks, radio and airplanes. work of incalculable value in India, and their most Japan disclaims all purpose of territorial agpowerful sermons are their own lives." grandizement and claims only a desire for the recognition of treaty rights. At the same time all The work of the Christian missionaries is most realize that Japan needs room to expand. She has a population of sixty-five million people residing important for the establishment of peace, right- in 152,000 square miles, an average of 400 to the eousness, brotherly love and goodwill among the Indian peoples. Already as a result of their work, the name of Christ is widely revered, whereas a half century ago He was either unknown or de- spised. Today He is becoming more and more a

square mile. Three-fourths of the land is unpro- Japanese were all militaristic. This is not true of ductive and there are few mineral resources. China or J ~pan or Germany or America or any Manchuria, on the other hand, has over double other intelligent nation. Japanese Christians have Japan's area and one-third the population. She expressed a desire for a peaceful solution of the has an abundance of timber, arable land and min- difficulty.

eral resources. The Chinese do not develop the Manchuria is very inadequately occupied by territory as effectively as Japan, who desires to Christian missions. Nine-tenths of the people are colonize and develop Manchuria. She wishes also Chinese, the other tenth being made up of Man- markets for her silk and other products on which chus, Mongols, Tungus tribes, Koreans, Japanese her prosperity depends. Chinese mobs and ban- and Russians. The principal mission work for the dits resent Japanese aggression and have at times Chinese is carried on by the Scotch Presbyteri- made life unpleasant for Japanese soldiers and ans, Irish Presbyterians and Danish missions.

residents in Manchuria. The Japanese military The British and Foreign Bible Society and the forces, which are directed by the Military Council Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. also are at work in and are not under control of the Japanese Diet, various centers, and Presbyterians and Methodists undertake to maintain order, keep control of the have missions among Koreans and Japanese colo- railway and impose terms of peace on China. A nists. The total number of Protestant mission- practical state of war results which threatens to arjes is 172, of whom 55 are Danish Lutherans, embroil Russia, Europe and Amer:ca. 44 are Irish Presbyterians, 61 are Scotch Presby- Japanese civil authorities favor peace, ,for they terians and 6 are Seventh-Day Adventists. They realize the disastrous results of a Chinese eco- labor in thirty-seven stations-including Mukden, nomic boycott against Japanese goods. It is most Chinchow, Harbin and Kirin. The Protestant important for Japan to cultivate the goodwill of Church membership numbers about 25,000 and other peoples in order to extend her markets. there are reported to be 60,000 Roman Catholics.

There is hope that clearer wisdom and the pres- Large portions of Manchuria, and almost all of sure brought on Japan by America and the League Mongolia, are still unoccupied by any Christian of Nations will effect a peaceful settlement. workers. "It is worthwhile to remember," says The influence of Christian sentiment in China W. C. Fairfield of the American Board, "that the and Japan is encouraging in the midst of this existence of these workers for peace in China and conflict. The federation of Chinese churches of Japan is the direct result of Christian missionary Peiping, the former capital of China, sent to the work. It is the strong belief of many that the National Christian Council of Japan the following only permanent foundation f<'r wol'ld peace is the telegram: spread of Christian goodwill and sympathy until "Whole Chinese nation greatly disturbed by it controls public opinion in every country. The present Manchurian situation. Chinese Christians foreign missionary societies are still the most appeal to Christians of Japan to make common effective agency to bring this about."

cause advocating with their respective govern- KAGAWA'S MESSAGE TO AMERICA ments peaceful means to settle Chinese-Japanese questions, preserving friendship between two Probably no Christian Japanese and few in any neighboring peoples." station in life are as widely known and as in- It is also reported that Madam Chiang Kai Shek fluential for good as js the Japanese Christian is holding daily groups in her home to pray for author, preacher, lecturer and social worker, Dr. China. As Rev. W. C. Fairfield remarks in The Toyohiko Kagawa, who has been in America lec- Congregationalist, "The truth is that the Chinese turing in various colleges and cities. The readers Christians are taking their Christianity more of THE REVIEW are already well acquainted with seriously than we ourselves would think of doing! his life and work, including his inauguration of Their criticism of missions is not that it goes too the Kingdom of God Movement in Japan, which far in imposing an alien faith on the Chinese, but aims to win a million souls to Christ and apply that in America it fails to go far enough into its the principles of Jesus to the social, economic and own implications, i. e., into the implications of a other phases of life in that empire.

universal religion, supreme, therefore, in the At a recent luncheon, given to Dr. Kagawa in moral and intellectual, as well as in the spiritual, New York and attended by leading representarealms." tives of national and international Christian or- The Chinese Christians have called on the Jap- ganizations, the guest of honor expressed his deep anese Christians to join them in efforts to find a conviction that now is the time of greatest crisis Christian solution and to maintain peace. The in the world. It is a time when, as in the days presence in Japan of a strong anti-military party when Christ was on earth, we are called to leave makes it incorrect to think or speak as if the all and follow Him if we would spread His King-

dom among men. We should be "gamblers for under Christian leadership has proved very suc- God," putting all we have and are on His altar cessful and has led Japanese farmers to look to and devoting all to His service. "Being a luke- God and to the Christian cooperation, rather than warm Christian is not interesting or profitable," to communism, for a solution of their problems. said Dr. Kagawa. He emphasized the fact that the Kingdom of God Mov,ement in Japan is based When Dr. Kagawa was asked what American on the teachings of Christ and on prayer. "Where Christians can do to help make this program efthere is true prayer the Church grows." We must fective, he replied: "The greatest need is for a take Christ and His program seriously and put revival of spiritual life in America. How can the His principles into practice if we would win the army at the front receive much help from a rebattle against communism and against atheism, serve army that is weak or asleep? I find in against sin and selfishness. America both the worst and the best; the lowest morality and the highest spirituality. America In Japan there are 70,000 Shinto priests and must purify and strengthen her own life. Why is about 200,000 Buddhist priests, while there are it that while the divorce rate in Japan has deonly 2,000 Christian preachers. In 800 Japanese creased from 40 per cent to 10 per cent, the dichurches there was an addition of only about 800 vorces in America have increased from 3 per cent new members last year. We need a revival in to 17 per cent? Why is it that there are more Japan. Through the Kingdom of God Movement murders in New York in one month than in all of some 50,000 converts have been won in the past England in a year?" Will American Christians four years. There is need for more preachers. acccept this challenge, and not only seek a revival The scholastic standing requil'ed by the theologi- of spiritual life in our own hearts and churches, cal seminaries in Japan is too high for the min- and an expunging of the blots on the 'scutcheon isters who would go out to preach the Gospel to of our own nation, but can we not also help this the millions of unreached Japanese farmers. Dr. devoted and valiant soldier of the Cross in Japan Kagawa proposes to train 5,000 Japanese lay to fight the battle for righteousness and to extend preachers for this purpose – giving them short- the Gospel of Christ among his countrymen? As term courses in Bible, in social service, in evangel- Dr. Kagawa remarked, "The missionaries of comism, and in farming and handicrafts. munism who come to Japan do not speak of them- selves as 'foreign missionaries' but as representa- There is great need for Christian teachers, and tives of 'The Third International.' The mission- aries of Christ are the representatives of the Dr. Kagawa proposes to establish itinerating 'Heavenly International' to all peoples. The time has come to drop the word 'foreign missions' and short-term Christian schools in country districts adopt the term World Missions. Advance the cause of Christ anywhere and we help to advance it to meet the present great need for Christian edu- everywhere."

cation among the peasants and industrial workers.

This is the best way to counteract irreligion, com- munism and social evils. Cooperative farming Up,.T0"Date Coming Articles tn the REVIEW Students Rallying for Foreign Service ……………………….. The Buffalo Convention Do Men Really Need Christ? …………………………………..Cleland B. McAfee The Future of Foreign Missions …………………………………..Robert E. Speer Are Home Missions Making Progress? ……………………………..William R. King The Religious Situation in Italy …………………………………….. W. H. Rainey Why Mission Boards Are Worthwhile ……………………. , ………. Arthur J. Brown Why Is Arabia Still Neglected? ……………………………….. Samuel M. Zwemer A Christian Among the Mormons…. '" …………………….. Andrew J. Montgomery Do Christ's Methods Apply Today? ……………………………… Sam Higginbottom World Friendship Books for Children ………………………………..Hazel V. Orton Successful Ways of Working ……………………………. " .. , ..Estella S. Aitchison

A PART OF THE GREAT STUDENT VOLUNTEER CONVENTION IN DES MOINES TWELVE YEARS

Seven thousand students were present and five hundred from foreign mission fields. On the platform were seated as many delegates as attended the first Student Volunter Convention in Cleveland in 1891. Above the platform hung the Watchword of the Movement, "The Evangelization of the World in This Generation." At the back was the map showing the mission fields into which over 8,000 Student Volunteers had gone in the thirty·three years of the Movement.

Modern Youth and the Missionary Appeal J:. By PROFESSOR KENNETH S. LATOURETTE I New Haven, Connecticut, Professor of Missions and Oriental History at Yale University; author of "History of Christian Missions in China"

T HOSE of us whose contacts with students and nurtured by one of our great denominations, go back twenty or thirty years have seen so far as the Christian Association knows, there on many campuses great changes in atti- is not one undergraduate who is planning to be a tude toward the appeal to life service as foreign foreign missionary. In another university with missionaries. There are quite a number of col- a somewhat similar missionary past, the man asleges and universities, which two or three decades signed to organize a delegation to the last ago had strong groups of Student Volunteers, quadrennial convention of the Student Volunteer where today there are no students preparing to be Movement could not find an undergraduate who missionaries. Among these are some which were was planning to be a missionary. He, himself, founded as Christian institutions, which still are deeply religious and conscientious and of outofficially such, and which have a long and honor- standing intellectual ability and the son of a man able history as sources of personnel for the for- who has given his life in notable service to miseign work of the Church. On one such campus, sions, had-and has-no intention of becoming a for instance, from which have gone forth in the missionary. past some of the most distinguished leaders of the missionary enterprise and which was founded These are not isolated or meaningless phe- nomena. They seem not to be instances of that [9]

temporary ebbing of missionary interest with wondering whether one religion is not about as which we have long been familiar on individual good as another and whether Christians have not campuses after the graduation of some earnest quite as much to learn from non-Christians as student who has been a contagious center of infor- non-Christians have to learn from Christians. mation and conviction. On at least one of the two Western Christianity is held to have obscured campuses instanced above are two older men in Christ and his teachings and a man like Gandhi, close touch with students, who have the confidence who makes no profession of being Christian, is of the Christian group. They are devoted to the declared to be more Christlike than most anmissionary enterprise and seek to enlist others in nounced Christians. There is a feeling, too, that it, but have been powerless to stem the tide. The the day of the foreign missionary is past, and that waning of interest, moreover, has been chiefly in the younger churches are now able to carry on certain types of institutions-those supported by without foreign assistance other than financial. the state, and the older more heavily endowed colleges and universities, most of the latter pro- Not all of these factors operate on anyone infessedly Christian-usually of high repute for dividual or on every campus, but they are all to scholarship and social standing. be found somewhere in our academic life. The crux of the situation is the many and rapid The decline cannot be ascribed to any single changes induced by our machine and scientific age cause. It is due partly to the prevailing climate which are revolutionizing all life. Those who are of opinion of many of our campuses. Criticism of older and have watched some of these changes religion in and out of the classroom, and secular- come are often bewildered and set adrift from istic attitudes toward life are dominant in a large their accustomed moorings. We must not be surnumber of our institutions and make difficult any prised if those who are younger and who are interest in missions. Then, too, there is wide- hurried into our kaleidoscopic age grow up unspread ignorance of missions, even in Christian certain, unable to give themselves to the old with student groups. This is probably greater than it conviction, and having nothing new to which to was two decades ago, although it was dense tie. enough then. Twenty or twenty-five years ago in student Christian summer conferences a period But the contrast between half a generation ago each day was usually assigned to mission study and now must not be exaggerated. We are prone and appeals for missions were heard regularly to view the past through rose-hued glasses and to from the platform. Today mission study has look backward for some golden age. Except on dropped out of practically all, if not all, such a very few campuses, and intermittently even gatherings. Addresses on missions may still be there, missions have never been a consuming inheard from the platform, but slighting remarks terest of more than a small minority of students. about them from speakers are also not unknown. The majority of their fellows have always re- garded prospective missionaries as a little ec- Moreover, student idealism tends to be diverted centric and perhaps even mildly demented. It is into other channels. Two decades ago it was a rare institution in which the ignorance about widely felt in student Christian circles that the missions has ever been anything but colossaL highest form of consecration was the dedication Even though the prevailing atmosphere is less of one's life to foreign missions. The foreign favorable today than it was a quarter of a century missionary enterprise was regarded as the best ago, it was not then particularly conducive to medium through which to express that idealism commitment to missionary service. which fortunately is characteristic of many of our youth. Today student idealism seeks to rid the Moreover, and fortunately, colleges, univerworld of war, to solve race conflicts, and to dis- sities, and theological schools still exist where the cover an escape from some of our industrial ills. environment is favorable to missions. From them More often than not, moreover, this idealism does students continue to offer themselves for service not think of Christian missions as a means toward abroad. They may be declared by the pessimist to the attainment of these goals. be survivors of an older era, the last remnants of rapidly crumbling bulwarks against the new age. A smaller factor, but still important, is the de- This, however, cannot be said of all of them, for clining incomes of the boards and the consequent among them are some of the most progressive and failure to appoint some individuals whom the highly esteemed schools in the land. Students campus has known. The impression thus gets are, moreover, offering themselves today with abroad that more missionaries are not really as devoted a spirit as they ever have – even though in smaller numbers. There are indications needed. that the tide may have begun to turn. Reports of Then again, widespread uncertainty exists as an increasing serious interest in religion come from British universities, and may be the foreto the need for missions. Even strong Christian leaders, both graduate and undergraduate, are

MODERN YOUTH AND THE MISSIONARY APPEAL

On the Program of the Coming Student Volunteer Convention MILTON T. STAUFFER, D.D. THOMAS JESSE JONES, Ph.D., Minister of the Reformed Church LL.D., Educational director of the Phelps Stokes Fund; in in America and Lecturer on 1920-21, chairman of the Edu- Missions and Non-Christian Re- cational Commission to West, ligions in the New Brunswick South and Equatorial Africa, in (N. J.) Seminary; formerly mis- 1924 to East Africa; author of sionary in China; editor of "The "Education in Africa," "Four Christian Occupation of China"; Essentials of Education," "Es- for six years Educational Secre- sentials of Civilization," and other volumes. tary of the Student Volunteer Movement.

KENNETH S. LATOURETTE, SAMUEL G. INMAN, LL.D., Ph.D., Professor of Missions and Secretary of the Committee on Oriental History, Yale Univer- Cooperation in Latin America; sity; formerly on the faculty of sometime lecturer in the Uni- Yale-in-China; author of "The versity of Chile, Northwestern Development of China," "His- University, and Columbia Unitory of Christian Missions in versity; author of "Trailing the China," and other books. Conquistadores" and other books on Latin American problems. ALDEN H . CLARK, D.D., For- eign Secretary of the Congrega- DANIEL J. FLEMING, Ph.D., tional Board of Foreign Mis- Professor of Missions at Union sions; for twenty-six years a Seminary; formerly of Forman missionary in India, where he Christian College, Lahore, India; founded the Nagpada Neigbor- author of "Contacts with Non- hood House, Bombay, and was Christian Cultures," "Whither moderator of the Council of In- Bound in Missions," "Marks of dian Churches of West India; a World Christian." author of "India on the March."

RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER, P. H. J. LERRIGO, D.D., M.D., D.D., Corresponding Secretary Home Secretary and Secretary of the Board of Foreign Mis- for the Belgian Congo of the sions of the Methodist Episcopal American Baptist Foreign Mis- Church; formerly secretary of sion Society; medical missionary the Missionary Education Move- in Alaska for two years and in ment; author of "The World Service of the Methodist Epis- the Philippine Islands for eleven copal Church." years; author of "Rock Break- ers," "God's Dynamite."

WALTER JUDD, M.D., for six WILLIAM McE. MILLER, mis- years medical missionary of the sionary to Persia for ten years; American Board at Shaowu, China, one of the most disturbed in student work with the Inter- areas of Fukien Province; trav- national Committee of the Y. eling secretary of the Student M. C. A. for two years; member Volunteer Movement, 1924-5 and of the traveling staff of the Student Volunteer Movement, 1931. 1931-32.

KENYON L. BUTTERFIELD, WILBUR B. SMITH, Senior Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. LL.D., Counsellor on Rural in Egypt and Palestine; for six Work of the International Mis- years Candidate Secretary of sionary Council; formerly president of the Massachusetts Agri- the Student Volunteer Movecultural College, of Michigan ment; for five years a secretary State College, and of the World of the Y. M. C. A. in India. Agricultural Society; author of "The Christian in Rural India,"

"The Rural Mission of the Church in Eastern Asia."

STUDENTS OF YESTERDAY WHO ARE MISSIONARY LEADERS TODAY

runner of what is to happen in America. Those tion," which had such compelling power upon stuwho have recently traveled a good deal through dents of twenty-five or thirty years ago, has been the colleges in the interest of missions report allowed quietly to slip into the background. We greater openmindedness and less disillusioned speak rather of trying to meet some of the social sophistication than they found four or five years and economic problems of our day which must ago. be at least partially solved if civilization is to go on. Many of us have a conviction that the pro- The number of new student volunteers has in- gram of the missionary enterprise must be radicreased, as compared with four or five years ago. cally readj usted to meet the rapidly changing Those of us who have been present at some of the challenges of our day-that if it is to endure and conferences for outgoing missionaries, held dur- serve the present age it must not perpetuate all ing the past few years, have been impressed with of the program of an older generation. the commendable quality of the new appointees. It is probably impossible to compare accurately Beneath all these changes in the form of the the average ability of the recent appointees of the appeal and in the organization and program of major boards with those of a few decades since, missions there are motives and objectives which but some of us have the impression that it is, if abide. In more than one group of outgoing misanything, somewhat higher than it was. Cer- sionaries, with which some of us have met in these tainly it seems to be higher than it was in the later years, the emphasis upon the need of peryears just after the World War when large num- sonal transformation through the Gospel of Christ bers were sent abroad, financed by the wave of has been quite as great as it was two or three post bellum giving. At least some of the boards decades ago. Altered though many of the misare today unusually careful in making appoint- sionary methods and machinery may need to be, ments and are more strict than ever in their ap- and different though the conditions under which plication of a wide range of tests given to ap- missionaries work undoubtedly are, the basic conplicants. victions which send young people out into the enterprise have remained constant. There is a In some respects the form in which the appeal profound sense of the world's need and of the for missionary service is made today differs radi- power of the Gospel of Christ to meet that need. cally from that of twenty or thirty years ago. There is, too, the belief that any social renova- Then students were often told that as missionaries tion must come through reborn individuals. We they would be leaders, possibly holding positions may not hear quite so much of such terms as sin, of prominence in helping bewildered peoples repentance, faith, and regeneration, but the facts through the revolutionary transition into the back of these terms are still prominent in the world of Occidental culture. It was an age of consciousness of the outgoing missionary. It is Western imperialism, in which idealism spoke in significant that addresses on the Cross of Christ terms of "the white man's burden"-of serving are making a profound appeal to some of our most "backward" peoples with the conviction that they modern-minded American youth, and that here were "lesser breeds" who for an indefinitely long and there groups of students are trying by earnest period would be incapable of self-government. practice to discover for themselves the resources Today, after the humiliation of the Great War and of prayer. the rising tides of nationalism in the East, the white man is more humble and in missionary Is this, after all, anything but what we should circles we talk of cooperation with younger churches, we say to the prospective missionary expect? As Christians we believe that the Spirit that he must rid himself of any remnants of a superiority complex, must keep himself in the of God is still at work in the world, that He still background, and must seek to be great by being servant of all. We are a bit sensitive, too, about convinces men of sin and of righteousness, and using military terms which may seem to imply that missions are a form of imperialism, and such that the Gospel of Christ remains the power of phrases as "the Christian Occupation" or the "Conquest of the Cross" are not in good odor. God unto salvation to everyone who believes.

Rightly or wrongly, moreover, the watchword Centuries ago Paul told the Corinthian Christians "the evangelization of the world in this genera- that changes would be ever with us-old knowl- edge and old conditions giving place to new-but that faith, hope, and love are abiding needs and realities. He spoke as truly for our age as for his own.

The primary interest of the Christian college is in persons rather than in subjects or things. Its fundamental aim is the development and encouragement of the personality of tJ:te student.

-PROFESSOR LUTHER WEIGEL.

Present Day Summons*

A New Call to Service-By John R. Matt I I '.::l[ A Review by the REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D. D. ]t:.. Author of "The Foreign Missionary" ~================================~ I N his latest volume on the present world situa- sure that the readers of the REVIEW will be in- tion Dr. Mott deals with a crisis. Perhaps the word has been rather overdone, but no other terested in the foIIowing statements by Dr. Mott: so adequately expresses the situation that con- "The past twenty years have witnessed incomfronts the Christian people of this generation. That situation is certainly a crisis to them. No parably greater changes in the world than any other living man has a wider background of knowledge and experience in dealing with it than other period of like extent. The same is true of Dr. Mott. He occupies a unique position of influence in the Christian world. He has been one the world mission of Christianity itself, whether of the leaders of the Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions for forty years. In one has in view its field of concern, its complexity, 1895, he organized the World's Student Christian Federation and for twenty-five years was its Gen- its pace, or its governing motives or objectives. eral Secretary, and then its Chairman. He was for a long period Secretary of the Foreign Depart- These changes and present-day trends, if we but ment of the International Committee of the Y. M. C. A., and General Secretary of its National grasp their implications, present an irresistible Council. He was Chairman of the two greatest summons to the Christian forces of both Occident missionary conferences of the twentieth century- and Orient. . . . It is evident that the period The World Missionary Conference in Edinburgh on which we have entered is to be the most exactin 1910, and the Jerusalem Conference in 1928. ing in its demands because of the forces which op- He has traveled more widely in the mission field pose us, the many grave and emergent issues than any other man, and has probably a wider which demand attention, and, above all, the fact acquaintance with Christian leaders, both at home that there are so many more Christians now living and abroad. In all these varied positions he has displayed the ability and wisdom of a true Chris- than ever before who have awakened to the heroic tian statesman. implications of the Christian Gospel. . The publication of his "The Present-Day Summons to the World Mission of Christianity" is "World-wide trends and outlook compare favortherefore an important event. The basis of the ably with those I have found at any time since the volume is the lectures that he delivered on the Cole Foundation in 1931 at Vanderbilt Univer- beginning of my first-hand observations in 1895. sity, but he has added considerable material. In a series of suggestive chapters he discusses World I do not overlook certain adverse facts which Trends, The Summons of Rural Life, The Summons of Industry, The Summons of Race, The would seem to contradict this contention. For Summons to Share, The Summons to Serve, The Summons to Cooperate, The Summons of the Liv- example, we cannot ignore the existence and graving Message, The Summons to the Home Base, and The Leadership for this Momentous Day. An ity of the misunderstandings among nations. It extensive bibliography and a fuII index add to the value of the book. It is not easy to make a selec- would be difficult to name a country which, judged tion from such a wealth of material, but we feel by words and actions, understands its neighbors • "The Present-Day Summons to the World Mission of Christialnity", near and far.

By John R. Mott, LL.D.. 325 pp. $2.50. Cokesbury Press, Nashville, Grounds for Optimism Tennessee, 1931. "If adverse facts like these can be given, the question may well be raised: How can the posi- tion be maintained that on the whole the inter- national outlook now is more reassuring than it was, for example, two and three decades ago? I would venture to support the statement by a few facts. In the first place, there are today twenty voices and pens speaking and writing to foster right understanding between nations and to pro- mote good wiII and cooperation among them where there was one such voice or pen thus engaged twenty or thirty years ago. This is in itself a most potential .fact. It means that through the influence of men who do much to affect thought and action, the attitudes and practices of peoples which might formerly have been characterized as [13 ]

passive or as drifting can now be spoken of as at- Christian schools only; now the majority are in titudes and practices of taking initiative and ac- government secular schools. They also cepting responsibility for bringing about larger study abroad. Just now the number in the United understanding and cooperation. The light is now States from Japan, China, the Philippines, Korea, being turned upon situations, practices, and prob- India, and Turkey is 550. Noone can estimate lems which might otherwise have been the occa- the influence of each one of these as she returns to sion of serious misunderstanding, bitterness, and her native land. We might make the attempt by strife. thinking of each one as one thousand. Mrs. Her- "Another ground for optimism regarding the man Liu comments in a suggestive way on the re- international outlook is the fact that all over the sults of study abroad: 'It is very interesting to world there is coming forward a new generation notice that returned girl students from who expect to devote themselves to ushering in a America usually become doctors, social workers.

new day in respect to furthering good will and A great many of them marry and become better constructive cooperation among the peoples of all home-makers. Returned girl students from Eng- lands. In countries like China and Japan they land are practically all teachers and usually stay are rapidly rising into the ascendant. Within two single; from France they are usually "free in decades, probably less, a sufficient number of them their thinking"; while from Russia they are revo- will be in positions of major importance to deter- lutionists, and, nay, Communists, too!'

mine the policy and practice of the nations. . . . Tendencies in Education The great internationalism is the world mission of Christianity. The tens of thousands of mis- "In the realm of education we witness develop- sionaries, as ambassadors, interpreters, and medi- ments, emphases, and tendencies of great signifi- ators, are doing more than any other one factor cance. Within the past two or three decades there to throw out strands of understanding friendship has been throughout Asia and in parts of Africa and unselfish collaboration between the peoples of and the Pacific island world a great multiplication Asia, Africa, and Latin America on the one hand. of universities, colleges, and schools under: govern- and those of Europe, North America, and Aus- ment or other secular control. In these areas, as tralasia on the other. in the West, the increase in enrollment of students "The most notable social trend of our day is the has been enormous. Whereas formerly the at- world-wide awakening and uprising of women. tendance upon these institutions was drawn large- The changes which have been wrought in their ly from more favored groups, it is becoming in- social status and outlook during the past thirty creasingly democratic. More and more the em- years make a difference not of decades but of cen- phasis is being laid upon the purely secular or ma- turies. Still greater changes are now in progress. terialistic. This is seen in the curricula, in the No one can foretell what the next two decades expenditure on equipment, and in the general in- will witness. The world over, education fluence on the studying youth.

has been the key which has unlocked the door to "Thus we find advancing by leaps and bounds higher life and greater opportunity for women. vast secular systems of education with limitless The most significant fact is that women governmental resources and authority at their everywhere owe their present enlarged opportuni- back. At the best their attitude toward religion ties to only one of the founders of the great reli- is neutral. In practical effect, however, it is more gious systems. This is naturally more evident in often anti-religious. The net influence all over those lands where other religious systems still hold the non-Christian world is to develop indifference sway, where life is not so complex, and, therefore, toward all religion. This tendency is strengthened where the lives of women as affected by these sys- by the aggressive propaganda of anti-religious tems are as yet an open book. The gen- movements. The result is that the tradi- eral trend has been upward and outward and on- tional beliefs of vast numbers of students in the ward, and since the Great War the acceleration is lands of the non-Christian religions have been ever more rapid. undermined; and in many nominally Christian "Every period of transition has its dangers, but countries, such as those of Latin America, South- the present is heavy-laden with them. When old eastern and Eastern Europe, and Western Asia, religions and social sanctions are going or gone the students have become, as the Germans says, and no others equally binding are being substitut- konfessionslos-that is, without religious affilia- ed, there must be confusion and human wreckage. tion. One cannot without alarm contemplate this Almost too quickly are these women breaking out trend. What could be more serious than a leader- from seclusion and oppression and restraints into ship for the generation of tomorrow without the the swift currents of this modern age. In early anchoring, guiding, and uplifting power of reason- days, girls were sheltered as well as educated in able and vital religious faith?

JOHN R. MOTT ON THE PRESENT DAY SUMMONS

"Happily, by the side of many of these non- because the religious forces are so numerous and varied and are manifesting such widely different Christian systems of education, the world mission aspects. The impression which one today receives from face-to-face contacts with the non-Christian of Christianity has established its own educational religions is that of gradual disintegration. Un- der the influence of modern science, secular civilwork. If the cause of Christian educa- ization, and historical criticism, as well as of the world mission of Christianity, these systems of tion is to triumph in the face of this grave situa- faith are losing their hold as sources of vital en- ergy and as practical regulative influences on life. tion, it must concentrate on the qualitative, as con- This is particularly true of the educated classes.

trasted with the quantitative, aspect of its pro- "Notwithstanding any handicaps which the world mission of Christianity may suffer because gram. It cannot hope in the matter of numbers of divisions between or within the great Christian communions, the overmastering fact is that the to keep pace with the government and other purely influence of Jesus Christ was never so widespread, so penetrating, and so transforming as it is today. secular institutions, but in the realm of character It is impossible to furnish accurate figures, but it is probably a conservative estimate, based on such building-the development of the entire personal- returns as are available, to say that fully twenty millions of men and women in non-Christian areas ity-it can, if it will, not only excel but also make of Asia and Africa are now looking to Christ for guidance, for redemption, and for power infinitely an indispensable spiritual contribution which no greater than human, where there were less than two millions looking Christward thirty years ago. government or other secular agency can supply. If this be true, it is a stupendous fact. Moreover, the Christward movement is gathering The supreme advantage of Christian education is momentum from decade to decade. Quite as sig- nificant as Christ's conquest of individual lives is that it seeks to counteract the destructive effects His ever-widening sway over whole areas of life and of human relationships. There are multiplyof the purely intellectual approach by providing ing signs on every continent of the quickening of the social conscience. One might almost maintain education for the whole life. To this end, while that Jesus Christ creates the social conscience. Be that as it may, of one thing we are certain: the Christian educational movement must pre~ that where He is best known and obeyed there we find conscience most sensitive and responsive. It serve and strengthen its position of respect and is highly significant that more and more in the lands of the non-Christian religions Christ is beinfluence in point of the thoroughness, up-to-date- ing recognized as the last court of appeal in morals. 'He stands before men as plainly greater ness, and truly progressive character of its intel- than Western civilization, greater than the Chris- tianity that the world has come to know.' " lectual leadership and processes, it must with con- viction make its major contribution in the sphere of religious education. Its chief and constant con- cern must be its product in character and spirit.

This involves paying great prices. It must turn a deaf ear at times to alluring appeals to concern itself chiefly with large numbers. Rather let it deliberately and resolutely center on developing only so many institutions as can be maintained with the highest Christian efficiency. This prin- ciple, in turn, involves preserving at all costs an adequate staff-adequate in contagious Christian conviction and character. Central in all their thinking, planning, contacts, and service will be the influencing of the motives, the springs of ideal- ism, the action of the will through laying secure through bases of faith and through exposure to the Ever-Living and Ever-Creative God as re- vealed in Jesus Christ.

"It is impossible to characterize in any adequate general terms the religious trends and outlook, If the simple, straight, thoroughgoing religion of Jesus Christ could be given free course all through the life and work of each Christian, we should see this world emerging from the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the sons of God. We must believe that Jesus knew what He was talking about and meant what He said. We must care supremely about His way, and very little about anything else. What would happen if the whole Church of Jesus Christ should put aside its man-made rituals and creeds and should give itself over to one thing-the finding and following of the way of life which Jesus teaches? This is a hard and anxious time. The world is losing faith in its other gods. The spirit of science is more humble; big business is less sure of itself; the world is lonely and afraid. It is a great day in which to be a Christian.

THE REV. WILLIAM P. MERRILL, D.D.

PRAISE AND PRAYER FOR THE NEW YEAR REASONS FOR THANKSGIVING AND PRAISE The eternal Good News that Christ brought to men to show the way out of troubles and sin and into right relations with God and our fellow men.

The more than twenty thousand ambassadors of Christ who are working amid diffi- culties in the non-Christian lands.

The many thousands of Christians who are working as missionaries in the home mission fields of Europe and America.

The faithful Christians in every land and of every race who are proving by their characters and lives the power of Christ to transform character and equip for life.

The Christian stewards in the home lands who are earnestly promoting the work of Christ by their prayers, their sacrificial gi fts and their service – in the home, in the Church, in business and in society.

The Christian Churches and other organizations that are working to make known Christ and His message, to lead children and youth in the way of Life, to educate, to enlist for service, to help the weak and the suffering-under the direction of the Divine Saviour.

The widespread Christian spirit of brotherhood that leads men to relieve suffering, to bring economic relief, to promote social justice and international and interracial good- will among men.

The signs of spiritual awakening in America in individuals, in colleges and in churches; for the revivals in Korea and India, in the Philippines and Papua, in Africa and Persia; for the great forward movements in Japan and China and Burma.

SUBJECTS FOR SPECIAL PRAYER The special Week of Prayer, January 3rd to 9th, in all churches. Never was this more needed. The financial depression, suffering, widespread unrest and prevailing sin, call for prayers of faith. The following topics are recommended by the Federal Council of Churches for the Week of Prayer, under the general subject: "Preparing the Way for the Living God": Sunday, January 3-A Deepening of the Consciousness of God. Proverbs 29:18; John 14 :6.

Monday, January 4-Faith in and Loyalty to a Conquering Christ. Ephesians 3 :14-21.

Tuesday, January 5-The Leadership of the Holy Spirit. Acts 1 :1-8; John 16 :7-14. Wednesday, January 6-International Goodwill and Cooperation. Isaiah 2 :15; Micah 4:4-7. Thursday, January 7-The Protection of the Home and of Youth. Deut. 6 :1-9; 2 Timothy 2 :1-16. Friday, January 8-The World in a Day of Depression. Luke 4:18-19; Matt. 25 :31-46. Saturday, January 9-A World-Wide Spiritual Revival. Habakkuk 3 :2.

More than ever this year, in a period of depression, when countless men are disheartened and fear- ful, our churches are summoned to united prayer and intercession in order that the awakened sense of our inexhaustible resources in God may inspire the faith and hope and love which the world so sorely needs.

These suggestions for prayer, selected and prepared by the Commission on Evangelism, are sub- mitted to pastors and people everywhere, in the hope that the prayers of many may ascend to the Lord as the prayer of one man.

It is to be remembered that not only in America, but in many other lands, as a result of the circu- lation of a similar call for prayer by the World's Evangelical Alliance, this same period will be observed as a time of prayer.

Thomas Carlyle said, "Prayer is and remains the native and deepest impulse of the soul of man." These times of distress and strain should drive Christians everywhere to the place of prayer and make them more dependent upon God. A revival of prayer in the churches of America will go a long way toward helping us to meet the deepest ills of the present day.

Let us begin the New Year in prayer; then, with ever-increasing faith as the weeks go by, we may end it with a great shout of Christian triumph.

NeV Trends in

America .. :Jl By JOHN A. MACKAY, Litt. D. J!: ..

Mexico City, Young Men's Christian Association I N his book the "Epic of Artigas" the Uruguayan cible in a way which has not happened for gen- poet, Zorilla de San Martin, describes the An- erations and so becomes a challenge to all the dean region of South America as a "rosary of creative Christian forces which can be brought to craters in eruption." Having in view recent hap- bear on the life of these nations.

penings throughout· the Latin-American world, The Cordoba Student Movement this descriptive phrase might very well be applied to political conditions not only on the Pacific sea- In 1918 a revolutionary movement broke out boa r d but throughout the among the students of the old whole area. At least fifteen of Argentine University of Cor- the twenty republics w h i c h Latin America has been called doba which will doubtless ac- compose the Latin American a "rosary of craters in erup- quire increasing significance group of nations have been tion." Few people realize the in the life of Latin America. convulsed by revolutionary The students rose in revolt movements in the course of great significance of these re- against the traditional univerthe last year or two, and cent revolutionary movements sity regime. They launched a others are not without inter- in fifteen republics. They rep- Manifesto to the "free men nal rumblings. resent a change in ideals and of South America." This are a challenge to creative Manifesto is a symbolic docu- To a superficial observer Christian forces. As Dr. ment; it represents the advent these countries might appear Mackay clearly shows, the of a class consciousness in the to be hopelessly committed to new generation of South revolutions as a pol i tic a I student revolts show a new American youth. Formerly method. A knowing and sym- class consciousness. There· is youth had been no more than pathetic student of the situa- a colorful biological episode tion is aware, however, that a religious awakening and a in the life history of men. It r e c e n t revolutionary move- new "Spanish Christ" is pro- claimed – a living Christ in contrast to the eternal babe or a dead Christ. Read what Dr. Mackay says of the evi- ments have had very special dences of the evangelistic now became sculptured into causes and that in a number movement as "an increasing a social class. of cases they represented a de- force." This m 0 v e men t spread cided break with former po- through most of the univer- litical ideology, in spite of the sity centres of the Continent.

violent method employed to give expression to the At first it represented no more than a reaction new ideals. The fact is that in the political life against the University regime, but in the course of Latin America principles begin to take the of time it took on a distinctly social, and later place traditionally occupied by "caudillos." There a political color. University students, members of is a decided trend towards the impersonaIisation a class which traditionally had been uninterested of politics. These countries have undoubtedly be- in labor and in the problems of the proletariat, fore them a long and b~tter period of storm and suddenly discovered a burning social passion in stress, but no one is entitled to be cynical or skep- many parts of the Continent. This was specially tical regarding their future. true in such countries as Chile, Peru and Mexico, On the other hand, the present situation is one where the labor problem was most acute.

in which thought and life have gone into the cru- The Peruvian movement was the most interest- [ 17]

ing and dynamic. Under the leadership of Haya do for the economic and spiritual emancipation de la Torre, a young man of old colonial blood, the what the last battle of the Revolutionary War did students and labor organizations of the Peruvian for political freedom. Religion, as a purifying capital formed a united front of manual and intel- and creative force, will be treated with sympathy, lectual workers. They organized a People's Uni- but clericalism and parasitic religion will be comversity to which they gave the name of Gonzalez batted as it has been in Spain. Prada, the famous Peruvian radical of the previous generation. His dictum: "Age to the grave; This whole trend sets a new task for the misyouth to the task" formed the battle cry of the sionary forces interested in Latin America. If new movement. Every evening classes were held they are to have a real future in these countries for working men and women in some part of the and are to make a genuine spiritual contribution city or surrounding districts. An ethical passion to them, they must see to it that in the domain of inspired the pedagogical task. A multitude of politics and economics the countries from which workers received a new vision of life and of hu- they come shall deal with Latin Americans in acman dignity. Some industrial districts became cordance with Christian principles. If not, then wholly transformed; the Indians of the Sierra be- the day may conceivably arrive when, in utter desgan to send delegates to Lima to plead that some- peration, these Latin countries will follow Russia thing similar be done for them. However, a dicta- and exclude every kind of spiritual influence emtorial government which was keeping a watchful anating from lands which they regard as their eye upon the movement realized that student lead- oppressors. ers were obtaining too much power. Suddenly the latter were exiled and the movement was smashed. The New Status of Religion Banished to different parts of Europe and the A few years ago a distinguished Argentine Americas those students clung tog e the r in writer, Juan B. Teran, described South America thought. Their brilliant and indefatigable leader as the most, irreligious part of the world. He sketched a new organization called the Popular meant to say that in spite of the prevalence of Revolutionary Alliance of America. In 1924 he traditional religious forms, true religion as a entered Russia as a communist at the special invi- fountain of inspiration for conduct and the transtation of the Soviet Government. He saw every- formation of life practically did not exist. While thing and left Russia, as he said, "cured of Com- admitting to a large extent the truth of this inmunism forever." New influences began to play dictment one is bound to say that in recent years upon his life. Studies in Ruskin College, Oxford, religion has been set in a new perspective by in the London School of Economics and in Berlin; thinking people, while abundant evidence exists close contact with British and continental social- that religious preocccupation of a very real kind ists; enthusiasm for the Chinese Kuo-ming-tang; is making its presence felt in Latin American a profound study of the economic and sociolog- society at large. Nowadays the so called "intelical situation of Latin American countries, led lectual" can have religious interests and lead a re- Haya de la Torre to dream of an anti-imperialistic ligious life without it being thought, as would league formed by Latin American lands. In this have been the case a few years ago, that he had way a new political ideology came to the birth sacrificed all claim to be considered intellectually which is as genuinely South American as the ex- respectable. pression of Fascism is Italian and that of Communism is Russian. One striking index of the rising tide of religious interest is the popularity of semi-religious sects The significant thing about all this is that at and societies which have made their appearance the last Peruvian election Haya de la Torre and on the Continent. Theosophy in particular has his new party, in spite of their very radical pro- been making very great progress, especially in the gram, and the fact that the party was a completely more cultured section of society. Less than three new one and their leader had been back to the years ago the President of the Theosophical Socountry for only a few months before the elections ciety, a Hindu and a doctor of philosophy of the took place, came very near winning at the polling University of Cambridge, made a triumphal lecbooths. Sooner or later this party will come into ture tour around South America. Garbed in Oripower and with it another era will break in South ental attire and lecturing in faultless Spanish, he American politics. One of the major issues which filled the largest theatres and university audiwill be tackled by the Cordoba generation, and un- toriums in the centres which he visited, expounddoubtedly on a continental scale, will be the prob- ing the principles of Theosophy and addressing lem of Latin America's economic independence. himself on each occasion to the elite. A new Ayacucho is being dreamed of which will Theosophy makes a many sided appeal at the present time. Its orientalism proves extraordi-

SOME NEW TRENDS IN LATIN AMERICA

narily attractive in countries where everything The Other Spanish Christ Eastern has come to be surrounded by a rosy nim- The student of Spanish Catholicism is aware bus. The fact that Stanley Jones knew India and that a double religious tradition has been running Gandhi gave him a drawing card in South Amer- through the religious life of Spain and the counica. Theosophy also appeals because it offers an tries of Latin America. One tradition has been architectonic world view and inculcates methods symbolised by the typically Spanish Christ, a dead of concentration which help in daily life. figure who is never regarded by the popular re- ligious consciousness as anything save the immor- One of the most interesting institutions in Mex- talization of death. This Christ has never said ico City is a new organization called the Uni- anything to living men. When an ordinary Argenversal Institute of the Impersonal Life. A few tine citizen of today wishes to express the thought years ago a booklet, issued by one of the many that somebody or other has sub-human qualities or original sects in the United States, fell into the is a "poor devil," he says "He is a poor Christ 1" hands of an employee of the Post Office Department in the Mexican capital. He became attracted The other tradition centres around the Christ by it, was converted to its tenets, and translated of the great Spanish mystics of the sixteenth cenit into Spanish. The little volume became the tury; the Christ of St. John of the Cross, of Santa basis of a new indigenous sect which, in the course Teresa and St. Luis de Leon; the Christ of the of a few years, has made thousands of converts in great Spanish reformers, the Valdez brothers, Mexico City and the provinces. The organ of this Juan Perez and Cipriano de Valera; the Christ of group is called Dios: una Revista Filos6fica (God, the eminent Spanish Christian writer, Don Miguel a Philosophic Review). de Unamuno. For all these Christ is the living one who was dead. The new attitude towards religion in university circles is demonstrated by the fact that in the course of the last few years several Christian lec- "The Lord walks among the kitchen pots," said turers have given courses on religion, or distinctly Santa Teresa, writing to the inmates of one of religious addresses in a number of universities in the religious houses she had founded, encouraging Latin America. One thinks in particular of courses them by these words to realise that they could given on the Philosophy of Religion in the univer- have their Lord's presence amid the most menial sities of La Plata, Argentina, and Lima, Peru, by tasks.

Don Julio Navarro Monzo, an Argentine journalist "Christ lives in the fields" said Fray Luis de and writer, who, for a number of years has been Leon focusing religion in the open air and on the lecturing on Christianity throughout the Conti- world's highways.

nent under the auspices of the Young Men's Chris- "Christ is Jesus" and "Jesus means health" said tian Association. A few months ago Dr. George the same writer in a great book "The Names of P. Howard, who represents a number of mission Christ" which he wrote during a five years im- boards in a cooperative evangelistic effort in South prisonment in a dungeon of the Inquisition in Val- America, lectured on Christianity in the Univer- ladolid. He had been confined there for having sity of La Paz. The present writer can bear testi- translated part of the Scriptures into Spanish mony to the fact that students and faculty groups prose. By saying that Christ is "Jesus" Fray Luis throughout the continent are willing to give a meant that true Christianity is spiritual health most attentive and enthusiastic hearing to anyone introduced into the soul by the presence and power who is able to present to them the fundamental of Christ.

truths of religion in relation to the problems of In our own day Don Miguel de Unamuno, the modern life and thought. All this is entirely new restorer and successor of the Spanish mystic tra- in the Latin American world and has taken place dition, finds in the famous painting "The Christ"

within the last few years. of Velasquez the true Christian significance of Recent happenings in Spain are bound to have Jesus Christ. Influenced by the thought of Blaise a far reaching influence not only upon political but Pascal, who said that Christ has not ceased to also upon the religious life of Latin America. The agonize in the souls of His people for the redemp- prestige of the Roman Catholic Church, as an in- tion of the world, Unamuno maintains that "The stitution bound up historically and organically Christ" of Velasquez represents the eternal truth with the Spanish state and the Spanish spirit, has of Christianity, Christ never ceases to carry on been shattered. The way is now open, as it has an agonizing struggle in the lives of His followers.

never been before in the history of Spain and His- In this conception the soul and its Lord, life and panic countries, for a revaluation of the reform religion, are indissolubly bound together.

movement in the sixteenth century, and for a These great souls are beginning to speak afresh serious consideration of the question as to whether to the Spanish world. It is gradually being borne the Iberian race did not lose its way religiously. in on the minds of thoughtful Spaniards and Latin

Americans that there is another Christ in the re- City the ordination of the first Mexican bishop of ligious tradition of their race. A first striking the National Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1931 recognition of the fact that the Christ of popular a suffragan bishop was ordained to guide the faith does not represent the Christian Christ takes destinies of the National Protestant Episcopal the form of a notable book entitled "The Invisible Church in the country. Christ." It was written four years ago by one of the leading literary men of Latin America, Dr. The development of the evangelical movement Ricardo Rojas, ex-rector of the University of in Brazil is little less than extraordinary. This Buenos Aires. In the course of an analysis of the great republic has now within its borders nearly Image, the Word and the Spirit of Christ, Rojas one million evangelical Christians, including the repudiates the "poor Christ" of popular tradition. families of church members. The new Federation He proclaims himself a denominationally unat- of Evangelical Schools is the largest organization tached Christian, but one for whose life and of private schools in the Republic. The young thought Christ means everything. The publication evangelical churches now support a Brazilian Misof this book marks a new era in the attitude of sionary Society to Portugal and another to the Latin American intellectuals towards Christ. Indians of the interior. It was the recognition of the real indigenous character of the evangelical The Evangelical Movement movement in Latin America which led the Inter- national Missionary Council at its enlarged meet- Little space is left in which to express one's ap- ing in .Jerusalem in 1928 to invite these countries praisal of the evangelical movement on the Latin to become represented on the Council by three full American Continent. Evangelical Christianity is members. becoming an increasingly potent spiritual force and in a number of countries it has now become a When one considers the growing potency of the national indigenous movement. new evangelical youth movement in the River- Plate republics of Argentina and Uruguay, the This is particularly true in Mexico and Brazil. ability, ideals and enthusiasm of their members, The new religious laws in Mexico obliged the evan- there seems to be no limit to what may be expected gelical churches to a thoroughgoing nationaliza- of the evangelical movement in Latin America in tion which has been most beneficial for their the years ahead. spiritual life. In 1930 there took place in Mexico The Bible, a Cure for Depression By Robert E. Speer When the days are dark, men need its light.

When the times are hard, men need its comfort.

When the outlook is discouraging, men need its confidence.

When despair is abroad, men need its word of hope.

There are luxuries that may well be spared. There are even necessities that can be cur- tailed. But the Bible, indispensable at all times, is still more indispensable in times like these today.

The Bible is not a book of political maxims or of economic theories. It is not a book of maxims or theories at all. It is a book of living principles. Its spirit is the spirit of brotherli- ness and goodwill. It is a summons to helpfulness: "Bear ye one another's burdens." It is a summons also to self-respecting independence: "Let every man bear his own burden." It teaches charity, but also justice. It calls us to the giving and serving which the strong owe to the weak, and those who have to those who lack; but it also strikes straight and clear at the moral defects in individuals which are responsible for a large part of the poverty and suffering of the world; and also at the moral and economic defects in society, in business relations, and in the distribution of the common resources of the world, which are responsible for the re- maining part.

Christ is the only hope of individuals and of society. And the Bible is the only book which tells His story. It alone preserves His words, which are spirit and life. It alone records His deeds by which He saved the world, and would save it now if we would obey Hint The best thing men can do is to spread the Bible and to get it read and obeyed. This would be the end of hard times, of poverty, of unemployment, of injustice, of wrong, of war.

A VIEW OF THE SHIPPING IN RIO DE JANEIRO HARBOR FORTY-FIVE YEARS

Brazil-Yesterday ,Today and TomorroV ..~I I Bv the REV. H. C. TUCKER, D. D. I'c. . Rio de Janeiro Agent of the American Bible Society r ~~~============================~ W HEN I first went to South America in standards were generally of a low order. Social 1886 Brazil was an empire with a popula- custom made the home largely a place of seclusion and woman's position one of retirement. An en- tion of about 14,000,000, of whom a mil- lightened free press existed in only a limited delion and a half were slaves of African origin. The gree. The supply of wholesome, instructive literofficial census four years later, reported that ature dealing with social, moral and religious racially 6,200,000 were whites, 2,000,000 blacks, problems was very meager. 1,200,000 Indians and 4,600,000 mixed. Educational facilities were provided chiefly for sons of Along the coast the cities and towns were poorly an aristocracy of wealth; fifteen per cent of the built and badly kept; the streets were narrow, population had acquired some education and the roughly paved and dimly lighted. Comparatively teaching force was largely clerical. Roman Ca- little attention was given to hygiene and health tholicism was the state religion, though a degree measures; sewerage systems, if they existed, were of religious liberty was guaranteed by law. The mostly of a primitive type, and the water supply census showe!i 13,851,500 Roman Catholics, only was often very inadequate. Yellow fever, small- 20,000 Evangelical Protestants, and 120,000 of pox and other diseases were prevalent and dis·· other sects; 7,000 claimed to have no religious astrous epidemics were frequent. Malaria, tuberbeliefs. culosis, venereal diseases, and leprosy were wide- spread through the country, and there was ap- Forty-five years ago Brazil was practically parently little thought or effort to control or without the Bible. Religious instruction was con- exterminate these evils. Hospitals were poorly fined to the Roman Catholic Catechism, the oral equipped and accommodations were limited. traditions of the Church and the observance of There were no professionally trained nurses. The rites and ceremonies were perfunctorily performed in Latin. Prevailing moral ideals and [21 ]

AN A VENUE IN RIO AS IT IS TODAY enhance her popularity and give security to her position. The measure quickened interest in ideas rate of infant mortality was very high. Organ- of freedom and liberty. ized play and athletics were unknown. A military uprising in November, 1889, over- In those days industries were few, life was threw the monarchy, it banished the Imperial chiefly rural; agriculture was the principle occu- family to Europe and established a dictatorship. pation, and was carried on with primitive meth- There was no organized resistance to the sentence ods, and without equipment and transportation of banishment. The Emperor quietly submitted facilities except by the pack-mule and ox-cart. and on the night of his embarkation he called a There were few factories; only a few railroads servant and had him fill a little sack with earth ran from coast cities short distances into the in- from the garden, saying: "When I die in Europe terior without cross-country connections. There I wish my head to rest on Brazilian soil, for they were no modern port improvements in any of the will never let my body be buried here." many harbors along Brazil's three thousand miles of coast. In the St. Vincent Church, Lisbon, in 1913, I saw the former emperor's embalmed body with The Imperial Government had diplomatic and the head resting on that pillow of Brazilian earth. consular representatives in some foreign countries Later the sentence of banishment was revoked and and a few Brazilians occasionally traveled abroad, the bodies of the Emporer and Empress were rebut the nation did not figure largely in interna- moved to Brazil. tional affairs, or in scientific and other world conferences. The military dictatorship, dominated by August Comte's philosophy of Positivism, issued a series W,hat of Today? of liberal decrees of far-reaching influence. These decrees included the complete separation of The first great social and economical change in Church and State, establishment of civil marriage Brazil was the freeing of a million and a half of as being the only legal marriage, the secularizaslaves by Imperial decree signed in May, 1888, by tion of the cemeteries; the substitution of lay for the Princess Isabel, who was then on the throne clerical teaching in the schools and the swing from temporarily in the absence of her father, Don languages to mathematics as the basis of the edu- Pedro II, who was in Europe. He was growing cational program. old and the daughter was heiress to the throne. Abolitionists persuaded her that this stroke would A constituent assembly was also convoked to organize a constitution and the Assembly adopted the Constitution of the United States of America, with a few slight changes, and the political and civic machinery for the Republic was inaugurated.

These social and political changes were followed by others of far-reaching influence in the indus- trial and economic order. These included largely the gradual introduction of modern machinery and office appliances-such as the typewriter, electricity, automobiles, wireless telegraphy, mov- ing pictures, radio, aeroplanes, etc. Many new products for home consumption and exportation have been added to gold, diamonds, hard woods, coffee and rubber. Cotton mills have increased fiftyfold since 1886 and many factories have been established. Railroads and telegraph lines have been extended, and extensive city and town im- provement schemes have been carried Olit together with the development of harbors and methods for handling shipping and freight.

Brazil has also become increasingly interested in world affairs and in more recent years has been worthily represented in scientific, economic, in- dustrial and cultural congresses. Her representa- tives at the Hague, in the League of Nations and at other international and world conferences, have made real contributions to these gatherings.

The abolition of slavery, the overthrow of the

BRAZIL-YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW

monarchy, and the establishment of a republic, tional responsibility have developed. Brazil has and the promulgation of liberal decrees have in- begun to make a more scientific survey of her cited the Brazilian mind to work on new in- tribution she will be called upon to make to human tellectual and social problems. Personal liberty, welfare in the development of these resources. the right of the individual to think for himself, and greater freedom for the press have liberalized Along with the new ideas and imported devices thought and stimulated research. Popular edu- have come some dangerous influences. One has cation has been extended and improved technical been the development of a disastrous materialism. and professional courses have been provided. The Rapid industrial and economic expansion has population has increased from fourteen to nearly given rise to extravagance and waste; huge debts forty-two millions, while literacy has grown from have accumulated, and the credit of the country has been seriously damaged.

A SCENE IN A PUBLIC SQUARE IN RIO FORTY·FIVE YEARS AGO fifteen to twenty-five per cent. The cry heard on These changes have also affected social customs. every hand today is for the education of the natural resources and to evaluate the possible conmasses. Women now go about the streets of the cities un- accompanied and hundreds are employed in stores Interest has also been awakened in the large and offices. A real feminist movement is making Indian population of the interior. The Federal rapid headway. Problems of health and hygiene Government and religious organizations are en- are being studied and dealt with efficiently. Nurse deavoring to educate, elevate and christianize training courses are sending well equipped young these red brothers of the forests. Colored freed- Brazilian women as professionals into hospitals men and their offspring enjoy equal privileges and private homes. Interest in organized play for with the whites, and it is claimed that no color children, games and athletics introduced by the line is drawn. These conditions have brought Protestant missions are spreading everywhere. about a number of interesting social, racial and ethnological problems which students and sociolo- Moral ideals and religious thought and life also gists have begun to study. show marked change. The Brazilian mind was shocked to find that by a stroke of the pen the in- A national consciousness and sense of interna-

fallible and all-powerful Church could be set aside from the original Hebrew and Greek and the inand the Roman Catholic Church has had to adjust creasing circulation of the Scriptures have proherself to the new conditions. The necessity for voked the Roman Catholic Hierarchy to provide self-support has caused an increasing activity the New Testaments in Portuguese with notes and during these recent years. comments of the Church fathers.

Protestant missionary work has increased and Evangelical missionaries have also done valuits influence has become a recognized factor of able pioneer work in efforts to exterminate yellow growing importance in the intellectual, social, fever, combat the spread of tuberculosis, venereal" moral and religious life of the nation. Its edu- diseases and leprosy, in promoting health and cational work creates interest in helpful literature hygiene, the care of the teeth, proper feeding and directed play for children and other features of social welfare. Close contacts have been estab- lished with public authorities and a comprehen- sive interpretation has been given to the Gospel message and its social implications in human life.

In what direction do these changes, movements and activities point? God only knows, but we may base reasonable hopes on experience and observa- tion. Brazil may easily become the home of a happy, prosperous population of a hundred and fifty millions by the end of the present century, and there will still be room for more. Over one million uncivilized Indians will be absorbed by the amalgamation process and in a few centuries there may develop a homogeneous race made up MODERN SHIPPING IN RIO HARBOR for all ages and stations in life. Evangelism and AN AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY COLPORTEUR AT WORK the preparation of a native evangelical ministry have been rewarded with encouraging success. of the Portuguese, Indian, ' African, German, The communicant membership of the 20,000 has Italian, Japanese and other elements now minincreased to more than 135,000 among native gling freely together. It is quite certain that the Brazilians. The Sunday School enrollment has traits of the white races will predominate as at grown from a few hundred to more than 121,000 present. Brazil will become more and more the and a number of self-supporting, self-governing greatest laboratory in the world for the student churches, with Brazilian pastors, have been built of ethnology, eugenics and sociology. up. Including immigrant and foreign residents there are more than 300,000 Evangelicals. It is Natural resources will be developed and the estimated that, including children, more than one nation will become increasingly industrial, though in forty of the population are adherents of Pro- she will continue predominantly agricultural. testant Christianity. Popular education for the masses will bring higher intellectual and social levels if secularism The Coming World's Convention is counteracted by spiritual forces and the mes- sage of God's revelation. There is great hope for The progress of evangelism and Christian edu- the triumph of the living Christ in the hearts of cation has justified the Worlds Sunday School As- the nation. sociation in accepting an invitation to hold the Eleventh World Convention at Rio in July, 1932.

Popularizing the reading of the Bible has been one of the chief factors in this Evangelical movement. Two great Bible societies, the British and Foreign and the American, and their representatives, with the cordial cooperation of missionaries and national workers, have increased the annual circulation of Scriptures from 15,000 forty-five years ago to about 400,000. Publicity given to the work of translating the Bible into Portuguese

and the Round Table

~'I By the REV. WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Ph. 11:'. N ew York Secretary Board of Foreign Missions, Reformed Church in America A FEW months ago a writer in the New India. Dr. Durant speaks contemptuously of the York Times Book Review brought under distinguished Indians who attended the first review three recent books presenting Round Table Conference at London, apparently three contrasting views of the tangled Indian because they did not include the Irreconcilables, question. They were Romain Rolland's "Prophets whom he seems to favor. of the New India," Will Durant's "The Case for India" and Edward Thompson's "Reconstructing It is with a feeling of solid satisfaction that one India." takes up the book of Professor Thompson, who really knows modern India and is eminently fair These three books belong to strongly contrast- minded. He admits serious faults of British rule. ing types because they come from different levels At the same time, he does full justice to the many of the mind. The first book is inspired by re- Indian reformers and advocates of progress. He ligious emotion, with enthusiasm which might sees both sides and is fair to both. He is a besometimes be more persuasive if it were more liever in Dominion Status for India and holds measured. The second book is inspired by po- high hopes of the Round Table Conference. litical emotion to such a degree that the author appears to see only one side of every question Lord Macaulay, who was a member of the Vicewhere India is conoerned. The third stands roy's Council in India in the third decade of the apart. The author really knows India from resi- last century, made this significant statement in dence in that country and participation in its in- the House of Commons in 1833: "It may be that, tellectual life. He writes with accurate care and having become instructed in European knowledge, is scrupulously fair to all parties. they may in some future age demand European institutions. Whether such a day will come I Romain Rolland undertook a difficult task and know not. Whenever it comes, it will be the carried it out with scholarly patience, but with a proudest day in English history." certain lack of the sense of measure. He has made far more available than before a mass of The Round Table Conferences held in London well documented material regarding the life and at the close of 1930 and of 1931 would seem to be activity of a group of remarkable men, distin- of the nature of a fulfillment of this prophetic guished for the breadth, as well as the depth, of utterance of the great historian. They have their thought. As to the manner of his present- opened new epochs in the history both of India ing Ram Mohun Roy and Keshub Chunder Sen, herself and of the relations between India and one has nothing but praise; but when he comes Great Britain. For the first time considerable to Ramakrishna and Vivekananda, one feels that delegations of Indians, representing all races and his emotions get the better of his judgment. religions and classes in India, have sat around a table with a delegation representing all parties of Dr. Durant's book is inspired by political emo- both Houses of the British Parliament to discuss, tion. One who is acquainted with India cannot on a basis of complete equality and with nothing but conclude that he is somewhat uncertain as to his facts. For example, he lays the blame for excluded from the field of conference, what the India's famines on British rule, but the highly authoritative Cambridge History tells us that in future of Indian government should be. For the the reign of Muhammad Tughluq, a contemporary of Chaucer, there was "the most severe famine of first time Indian Princes sat around the table with which we have any record in India," lasting for seven years. Again he speaks of Mr. Gandhi as the representatives of all classes in British lndia "the spiritual and the political leader of 320,000,- 000 Hindus," apparently forgetting that there are and agreed together that the new Constitution many millions of Mohammedans and Sikhs in should include all India within a single federal constitution, under which responsibility for both central and local government should rest, subject to a few important and specified limitations, in Indian hands. For the first time the representa- [25 ]

tives of Great Britain declared that the time had familiar with the India of the past, in which the come for the primary responsibility for the In- effective responsibility for Indian government has dian government to pass from British to Indian rested in British hands. It seemed so venture- shoulders, provided that a constitution could be some and gigantic a move in a continent contain- drawn up and accepted which would do justice to ing as many people as Europe without Russia, and the minorities in India, subject to certain safe- divided within itself as Europe is divided. But it guards and reserve powers for which Great seems quite clear in the developments of recent Britain will remain responsible, to the interest no months and weeks that, except in certain rela- less of India than of Great Britain, during the tively narrow circles, the discussions of the Con- period of transition. ferences have convinced not only the British mem- Whatever the future may bring forth, it will bers, but public opinion in general, that the time be impossible to undo the fundamental work thus has come when in India, as in Australia, Canada, done by the Round Table Conferences. They have South Africa and Ireland, a definite breach must started India and Great Britain on a new road, be made with the old type of empire, that India from which there can be no turning back. This must follow in the footsteps of the other Dominis indeed a recent trend which, in all human ions and be free to work out her future by conprobability, will give permanent direction to the stitutional means in her own way. This concluprogressive responsible government of India by sion seems to have been arrived at not only be- cause it was right in itself in this day and generathe Indians. tion, and the only course consistent with the new British Commonwealth, but because it was the Hitherto most of the energies of Indian politi- only way of avoiding, both for India and Great cians have been devoted to getting rid of British Britain, the disasters of the American Revolucontrol, which they felt both humiliating in itself tionary era. Some have wanted to believe that and incompatible with their own political, social the transition to responsibility in India could and economic achievement. Hereafter the prob- come gradually and imperceptibly, but there is no lem before them is the framing, and then the evidence in history to justify this belief. At this working, of a constitution which will enable the stage of the proceeding the transfer of governraces and religions, the princes and people, of mental power from one set of hands to another India to govern themselves on constitutional lines, is truly a tremendous event and it takes place, in the adoption of which they have had the con- not imperceptibly, but either by violent revolution trolling part. The British people and the states- or by definite constitutional action. The signifimen who have represented them in recent years, cance of the critical but definite decisions of the with a few emphatic exceptions, would seem to Round Table Conferences is that the time for a have reached the conclusion that, provided a constitutional revolution has arrived. workable constitution can be framed, responsibility for Indian government shall pass to Indian At the time when the old British Raj was built control, in the center as well as in the Provinces, up, government in India was exclusively the consubject only to safeguards in the interest of cern of hereditary or military autocrats. The justice to minorities and of stable government. basis had always been the same, military power reinforced by hereditary or religious sanctions. The vital question today is whether Indians Nowhere had it any popular or democratic charthemselves can agree upon the constitution under acter. The will of the autocrat was absolute and which their government shall in future be con- public opinion in the modern sense had almost ducted. For at this writing there would seem to no instrument of expression, nor any effective be little doubt that, if they succeed in reaching sway. So long as the old structure of Indian agreement on a constitution which is at once thought and society continued, India, save for a workable and just to minorities, the British few patriots, was content. Government was not Parliament will enact it as it di.d in the case of the concern of the people but of the princes and the constitutions drawn up by and with other the gods. Great Britain had proved herself the Dominions. strongest among the rulers who were forever com- The Alternatives There can be little doubt that the completeness peting among themselves for power and prestige.

with which the Round Table Conferences and the To the mass of the people it meant little who was mass of British public opinion have accepted the ruler; the life of the countryside, the rotation of principle that Indians should in future be respon- plowing and reaping, birth, maturity and death, sible for their own government, both in the center the ritual of caste and religion, went on unchang- and in the Provinces, subject to safeguards during ing and unchanged. Good rulers kept taxes low; the process of transition, came with something of bad rulers brought poverty in their train. In so a shock and surprise to those who have been far as the British Raj brought the end of war and

INDIA AND THE ROUND TABLE CONFERENCES

kept taxes low, it was acquiesced in as the agent, would certainly refuse to be a party to the conon the whole, of a beneficent Providence. tinuing repression and probable bloodshed by which the old British Raj could alone now be But for some decades, conspicuously since the maintained. The Round Table Conferences have Great War, that point of view has been changing. certainly been right in concluding, with the prac- India has been following, at first slowly but later tical unanimity of their widely differing memberwith startling speed, in the footsteps of the rest ship in so far as representation is concerned, that of the world. Macaulay opened the sluice gates of the one hope for the future is to place the respon- Western education in 1835, when his vote on the sibility for Indian government, subject to safe- Viceroy's Council decided the great question of guards and reserves in the transition period, on making English and Western culture dominant Indian shoulders, under a sane and well balanced in the educational systems of India. The Civil constitution. Service of India, recruited so largely from Englishmen of broad education and a controlling sense Conclusion of justice, has led inevitably, by the process of self-communication of ideals, to the dominance of Immense, therefore, as are the risks and dift1the principle of self-determination. The resistless culties which lie ahead, difficulties of casting in determination of the modern world, that law and a vast sub-continent like India the conventions government should reflect national opinion, that and habits of mind which will make it possible economic life should be brought under conscious for a stable government to be derived from a still control, that poverty and inequality should be re- largely illiterate population; the difficulty of creatmoved or destroyed, is actively at work in India ing a political party system in a country in which also. There is hardly a village which is not now minorities claim separate and special representareached by the vernacular press preaching a dis- tion, there is practically no alternative to followcontent, or which has not had a returned soldier ing the trail clearly and courageously blazed by telling about the outside world and of Asiatic these Round Table Conferences. It would seem nations which have emancipated themselves from to be that road or chaos. The primary diffiwhite domination. culty in India will probably be to secure the abandonment of the campaign for immediate in- The old India has gone, or is rapidly going, and dependence by non-violent civil disobedience, and with it the old British Raj is inevitably going also. the co-operation of all elements in the far more The old form of government through a bureau- laborious and less exciting task of agreeing upon cracy, eft1cient but detached from the new life a constitution which will actually enable Indians stirring among the people, is as inadequate for to become responsible for their own government. modern India as it has proved to be for Great That is the real test of Swaraj. Can India develop Britain and America. Government must now rest the statesmanship which will recognize this? Can with a body amenable in constitutional ways to she agree to accept a constitution and work it Indian opinion. Not only is such a step right in patiently and successfully? On the answer, by itself, and the logical result of the presence in Indians themselves, to that question will depend India of the British and of British institutions whether India is to be a self-governing, constituthemselves; it is the only way of avoiding in India tional unit or not. government by repression which, when it is continued by an alien power against the consent of In any event, there would seem to be no practhe governed, never has lasted and never can last tical alternative to proceeding along the lines in the modern world. roughly mapped out by the Round Table Confer- ences. In this difficult and dangerous situation It is sternly true, therefore, that the alter- the road of responsibility, with safeguards in the natives which lie before India today are constitu- period of transition, is apparently the only road tionalism or chaos. The third policy still adhered which wi11lead India past the Scylla of chaos and to by a few strong statesmen in England, of try- dismemberment on the one side, and the Charybing to maintain the old British Raj through the dis of military despotism on the other side, to conresolute determination of the British Government stitutional self-government. It is the only road by to govern India whatever the cost, is an alter- which it is now possible to win over India to connative no longer. The consent of all classes in tentment as a Dominion-an equal partner within India to such a solution has clearly been with- the circle of the British Commonwealth of drawn and British public opinion, in the light of Nations. the development of the diminishing British Empire but the growing British Commonwealth,

A Banker Looks at the W arId*

..:{ By HUGH R. MONRO, Montclair, New Jersey President of the Montclair National Bank; Vice-President of the Niagara Lithograph Company T HERE can be little doubt that one of the its intellectual opportunity, and its domestic tran- least cultivated areas of our common think- quility, as more or less typical of America and the ing is that which has to do with an in- rest of the world. Of course he knows that there telligent outlook upon world conditions. It is not are certain backward nations and a number of that we are wholly ignorant of political move- formidable social evils to be dealt with; but his ments in other lands or the major happenings in sense of these things is distant; they are merely world affairs; but there is singular absence of disagreeable facts which in the light of general knowledge concerning the social and moral status world progress may be regarded as having of a large portion of mankind. Even among diminishing importance.

Christians who profess a deep interest in the After leaving Mr. Green I found myself with world-wide work of the Church, a flood of thoughts, chief among there are few who can summon them this: Is Maple Avenue anything approaching a compre- How does a banker-one really a true sample of the hensive picture of the present who deals largely with world? Take for example that state of human society. This is money and material things steaming New York East Side an important question. From -look at the present moral on an August night with its din, the standpoint of a proper and economic crisis in the its smells, its pallid children, its standard . of culture such a world? Does he see chiefly fire escape bedrooms, its sufferworld view must be regarded a ing and its crime. I thought of first essential; from the Chris- the weakness of interna- vast sections of similar squalor tian standpoint its lack is a sign tional credits, the problems in Philadelphia, Chicago, San of unpardonable ignorance. of transportation and the Francisco and other cities. The A recital, which may be con- supply of the world's mar- people of America as a whole enjoy a standard of living unsidered more than parable, will kets? Does he look upon paralleled in history; and yet add point to this observation: the millions of China and how small a portion of the land I n d i a as possible pur- resembles Maple Avenue in the Mr. Green, a well-to-do mer- chasers? What is the chief slightest degree. chant, has been for a number of cause of trouble and what years a resident of Maple Ave- is the cure? These and My mind turned to the festernue, one of the newer and more other questions this Chris-: ing East End of London; to the attractive streets of our city. tian banker answers for sodden conditions of great sec- He is cultured, respected, an himself-and perhaps for tions of Glasgow, Manchester elder of the nearby Park Church. you. and Liverpool; to the widening As we returned from church areas of destitution in such together yesterday he spoke with enthusiasm of the increas- cities as Paris, Berlin, Vienna, ing beauty of the neighborhood, Rome and Naples. I was oc- mentioning especially the new high school build- cupied not alone with the poverty and physical ing, regarded as one of the finest in the state. distress of these cities, but with visions of their Mr. Green was of the opinion that modern educa- breeding plots of discord, disease, crime and social tion, supplemented of course by the work of the unrest against which education and sanitation ap- Church, was rapidly spreading enlightenment pear to make little advance. The drear aspects of throughout the world. He said that the present the scene are not unrelieved by brighter vistas, world troubles are but the growing pains of an especially as the smaller nations of northern advancing civilization. I gained the strong im- Europe are brought within view; but with all such pression from our talk that Mr. Green thought values fully considered there remains an enormous of Maple Avenue with its architectural dignity, debit of human misery.

Turning toward eastern Europe the prospect • The author disclaims responsibility for the title of this article as darkens perceptibly. People live under unstable well as for the implied economic outlook. H. R. M.

[28 ] and in some cases despotic governments even the lot of this vast human sector compare with though they may be nominally republics. There our own? A press dispatch reports that one milare State Churches which admit of little or no lion children in a single Chinese province died true religious freedom; economic conditions are last winter of cold and hunger. Another item oppressive. Russia is increasingly recognized as says that ninety-five per cent of the population the chief menace to world security and peace. If can neither read nor write. This vast country imperialistic autocracy has been overthrown, a is without any effective central government. social order has been substituted under which Revolution is on every side. War-lords oppress masses of the people are reduced to practical the people for their own gain; bands of brigands slavery. This new order has not only discarded sweep down from the hills to harass the terror most of the recognized elements of civilized so- stricken people; opposing national armies move ciety, but has attempted to abolish religion, to across the scene, leaving a scene of death and uproot the moral sanctities, to destroy the home desolation. There have been recent disasters of and to make mockery of the marriage tie. This flood and famine. A correspondent has recently is the plight of more than one hundred and fifty cabled his New York daily that one-half of the millions of people who less than a score of years population of China is in a condition of destitution ago were citizens of a proud empire occupying a and distress on account of warfare, famine and conspicuous place in the family of nations. flood.

The peoples under review thus far represent Terrible as these calamities are they do not approximately one-third of the world's population. complete the story. Gigantic moral evils are eat- It is that portion of the world whose civilization ing like a cancer at the life of China; hoary superhas been moulded in some measure by Christian stitions hold the people in bondage to fear; tradiconceptions and ideals. And while it is sadly true tions and customs effectively bar the way to that only in small degree and in much the lesser emancipation and progress. Their misery makes part of this vast area have these conceptions taken them an easy prey of Communists. It is entirely deep root, it remains that Europe and America, clear that the one hope for the future lies in that including such English-speaking dominions as deposit of saving salt which Christian missionary Australia and New Zealand, embrace nearly all of effort has planted in the midst of the life of China. the enlightenment, humanitarianism, progressive- Even a small group of enlightened native leaders, ness, beneficence, and physical well-being to be incorruptible in character might, as in the hisfound on the face of the globe. tory of other nations, tum the tide of evil and lead these bewildered, suffering millions into a As we turn to the so-called "backward" peoples brighter day. of Asia and Africa, the scene undergoes violent change. However broad our racial sympathies, In India many aspects of the picture appear we can find little satisfaction in an attempt to even darker. The three hundred and forty milview these great human problems from the stand- lions (one-fifth of the human race) endure a dispoint of the backward peoples themselves, since tressingly sorrowful and despairing existence. their whole outlook is distorted by the corruptions During the last generation, through improved livand limitations by which their lives are confined. ing conditions, the people of America have added Ignorance will always remain the antithesis of ten years to the life span, whereas the people of knowledge; superstition of enlightenment; cruelty India have lost ten years. Several recent and of humanity; and degradation of character. widely read books on Indian life will reveal the Moreover the emancipation of a portion of the nature of this virus which is destroying the fibre human race from these malign influences has been of this unhappy people. The plight of more than the main fruit of centuries of advancing civiliza- fifteen million child widows is one of the most tion. shuddering tragedies which has ever come to womanhood. The Hindu religion is responsible This great non-Christian world raises issues for widespread moral corruption which is maniwhich stagger the imagination. Here we find fest in degrading scenes sculptured upon its more than two-thirds of the human family living temple walls, the evils of child marriage, the social under conditions little understood by the vast inequity of the caste system, and slavery to many majority of those who bear the name Christian. forms of vice. Poverty in India is so oppressive that at least sixty millions of the people are never China, with its four hundred and twenty mil- free from the gnawing pangs of hunger. One lions, embraces one-fourth of all mankind. It is would despair for the future of this distressed probable that ninety per cent of Americans have people were· it not for the growing strength of never seen a Chinese boy or girl, or a Chinese the Indian Christian Church; in its vital influence woman, and yet every fourth boy and girl and and leadership is India's one ray of hope. woman in the world is a Chinese. And how does

In Africa, what devastating sorrows have swept higher values of our American civilization have over the one hundred and forty millions of dark- come. Miracles of social transformation and skinned people during the past century. The spiritual uplift support the highest hopes of like iniquitous slave traffic, the rum traffic, and other conquests even among the earth's most backward cruel oppressions for which the white races have and oppressed. been largely responsible, have been supplemented by such indigenous evils as tribal warfare, can- A banker's well known predilection for analysis nibalism, witch doctors, degrading superstition, may justify the following by way of summary: and revolting heathen customs inherited from a hoary past. While a century of missionary effort (1) The Christian holds the key to a correct has lessened the gloom of dense African darkness understanding of present disturbed world condiwith streaks of light, nevertheless it still remains tions. The causes of present economic distress "the dark, sobbing continent." are at root moral: they were introduced by an iniquitous war; they were advanced by an orgy Another vast continental domain-and perhaps of senseless speculation; they are perpetuated by the least understood-lies almost at our doors. world-wide fear and distrust. We hear much of the glamor of the beautiful coast cities of Latin America, as it is called from (2) Benevolence has become sadly unbalanced. the racial origin of its peoples, but much less of Millions of dollars have been poured out for the the great interior with its primitive life and its mere aesthetics of college and university equipintellectual and moral desolation. A large part ment in America, when millions of boys and girls of the seventy millions of South America must are wholly without educational opportunity in still be numbered among the backward peoples other parts of the world. Luxurious hospitals of the earth; illiteracy in many parts reaching as multiply in number; and the medical professiDn high as eighty and even ninety per cent. War- has become Dvercrowded, while vast sections of fare and revolution are almost constant, and the world's population have no medical attention political morality at a low ebb. There has been whatever. In some areas the ratiO' is one physician much exploitation of the poor Indians and the ecclesiastical oppression by the powerful Roman or nurse tOo each half milliDn peDple, in cDntrast to Church is comparable with that of the pre-Reformation period in Europe. Great stretches of un- one to each one hundred in America engaged in the evangelized territory are still found in the heart war against disease. Many Df Dur philanthropists of South America. find it difficult tOo discover worthy objects, and To deal separately with the lesser nations would mean too great an expansion of this narrative. frequently bestow vast sums on undertakings of There are vast areas that are still practically little value, while modest sums intelligently used untouched by the Christian Gospel. In fact there abroad are changing the lives and environment of are millions more of unevangelized people in the many thousands. There are in certain backward world today than when the era of modern mis- countries opportunities for judicious investment sions began. which would go far toward ameliorating the dis- tressed condition of millions of people and even Expressed in figures the spiritual balance sheet might have a decisive influence in directing the is as follows: Out of a world population of 1,800,- course of an entire civilization. 000,000 less than one-third (500,000,000) have been brought into touch with the Christian Gospel (3) At the root of the most serious difficulties in either the sense of a knowledge of its saving which beset the world today is the decrease of message or the experience of its benefits as ex- vital Christian faith. On every hand there are pressed in well-ordered civilized society. If only signs that the influences of a materialistic age evangelical Christians are included the figure have not only had a benumbing effect upon the would be reduced to a fraction of the above. life of the Church at home, but have brought a chill to its enterprises abroad. In each of the While there is little in the world outlook to many similar eras of spiritual declension during suggest the peace and happiness of Maple Avenue the past nineteen centuries the corrective has been and the tranquil outlook of Elder Gr.een, yet his- a widespread spiritual awakening. There can be tory reminds us that Maple Avenue, and all other no other remedy now. havens of social content, are the fruits of a Christian inheritance. A mere glance at the moral and The one essentially new feature in the world social status Df Europe in the Middle Ages shows situation is the drawing together of the peoples how profound was the influence of the recovery of of the earth through easy communication and the Bible, with its liberating message, upon every commerce, so that solidarity and interdependence phase of life, also the source from which all the now exists. Today the influence of any powerful movement in one nation is immediately· felt by all the others. We believe that the next great Spiritual Visitation will be international in its scope.

N evv Vision of Home

..:( By REV. WILLIAM R. KING, D. D., New York 11:·· Executive Secretary, Home Missions Council A number of Conferences have been held to carry forward the constructive program of the North American Home Missions Congress held in Washington, D. C., a year ago. Cincinnati, Ohio; Seattle, Washington; Portland, Oregon; Oakland, San Francisco, Berkeley, Sacramento and Los Angeles, California; and Denver, Colorado, were the centers in which programs of strong Home Mission interest were presented. The 1932 series of conferences begins in Indianapolis, January 18th and other conferences will follow through the year to carry to the Churches the message, spirit and conclusions of the Home Missions Congress, with the results of the studies of the new Five Year Program.

T HE North American Home Missions Con- 2. We see, as never before, the magnitude of gress, which was held in Washington in the task, the size and complexity of the enterprise, December, 1930, and the Findings of the and the wide range of interest. Five Year Program of Survey and Adjustment of the Home Missions Council, have given us a new The territory reaches from Point Barrow, the vision of Home Missions. They have enabled us most northern settlement in Alaska, to the West to see Home Missions as never before. Several Indies and Central America, from within 18 dethings stand out clearly in the picture. grees of the North Pole to within 18 degrees of the Equator, and from the Atlantic to the P::tcific. 1. We see more vividly the long and interest- It includes Canada, the United States, the West ing road over which we have been traveling for Indies, Mexico and the Canal Zone. three centuries. Over this vast expanse there is scattered a Some have said that Foreign Missions are more noble army of faithful missionaries, pastors, interesting than Home Missions because of their evangelists, teachers, doctors, nurses, community romance. Distance seems to lend enchantment to workers, itinerant missionaries, colporteurs and the one, while familiarity breeds contempt for the general superintendents. other. That depends upon what one means by romance. If you mean fiction that has no founda- Twenty-six denominations, constituent to the tion in fact, then neither fit the conception for Home Missions Council, in 1929 reported 16,196 both have to do with facts and deal with tre- home missionaries laboring in 18,123 different mendous realities. enterprises at an annual expenditure of $17,061,- 701, in addition to specially designated gifts, But, by romance, if you mean that unusual in- which run into thousands of dollars. terest that gives scope to imagination and idealization, that dash of chivalry that challenges ad- We see HOll.1e Missions as Big Business. miration, that spirit of adventure that stirs the heroic within us, then Home Missions has all the 3. Over against this magnificent history and glamour and dazzle of romance that we desire. these immense resources of men and money, we see a third thing-the Unmet Needs. Home Missions are inseparably linked with North American history-their development and For over three years the Home Missions Couninterests intertwine. There is nothing more cil has been making surveys of the field. These romantic or interesting in the eventful history have opened our eyes wider, and enabled us to of America than the heroic efforts to plant the see much more clearly the unfinished task. Half Christian Church on these shores, and the story the total population of the country is outside of of its slow and tedious conquest of the nation any kind of a church, Catholic, Jewish or Prothrough three hundred years. testant. Our attention has been called to the scattered populations of the changed rural areas, From the high peak of the Washington Con- the unreached thousands of our great modern gress we look back over the long and winding and cities, the exceptional groups in our mountains diverging roads of Home Missions in their march and industrial centers. There are large groups across the continent, and in our hearts exclaim of people to whom the Gospel is not even being "What hath God wrought." preached and there are large areas without the ministry of any church.

[ 31 ]

These facts disturb us, to think that after all in large measure upon the way in which we treat these years so many are unreached, for whom this matter. The lack of interdenominational co- Christ died. They are men and women to whom operation is holding back the success of the He commissioned his Church to "preach the Church all along the line. This failure to work in Gospel." These unmet religious needs come as an harmony is wasting our resources, weakening our inescapable challenge. programs, discrediting our testimony and belying 4. We have a new vision of the changed char- our essential unity. acter of Home Missions and the necessity for new means and new methods, and for a larger Chris- Bishop Charles Wesley Burns of the Methodist tian statesmanship. Episcopal Church, in a recent address to the Cali- fornia State Church Federation, referred to "Co- Much of the old Home Missions has gone and a operation in Christian work," as "the most imnew Home Missions is arriving. The day of the portant question at the present time in the inpioneer, the covered wagon and the frontier has terest of human welfare." He declared that "it is passed. Ve are now living in a new America and not the ecclesiastical or historical emphasis that in the twentieth century. will save the churches but actual practical every- day cooperative work." There is apparent today the great need for a new Home Mission statesmanship. A statesman- Dr. Mott, in his great closing address of the ship able to see the changed conditions, able to National Congress, said "In every hour during discern the new character of Home Missions, able this creative gathering we must have heard the to see the work in relation to the total task of the summons to a larger unity. Never have the divi- Church, and able to be unafraid and adventurous sions among Protestant Christians, at home and in the face of great difficulties. abroad, seemed to me to be so unnecessary, so unwise, and therefore so unChristian as they do This larger statesmanship can not be worked just now." He gave us six reasons for a more out by mission boards and missionary secretaries perfect cooperation in our Home Mission workalone. They are doing their part. They are awake to the new day and the new demands, but The overwhelming magnitude of the task they must have help. There is entirely too much The difficulty of the undertaking "passing the buck," whatever that may mean, in. The urgency of the present situations this matter, to national organizations. Our Home The necessity of economy Mission Boards can go no faster than pastors and The enrichment of spiritual life laymen will allow them to go. They can do no The triumphant apologetics it would give us more than the Church will enable them to do. 5. Again we have a new vision of the im- This larger statesmanship for which the Congress portance of Home Missions in this day, and the pled includes us all-mission boards, missionary necessity for a new emphasis upon this task in our secretaries, national, regional and local ecclesi- churches.

astical bodies, and officials, pastors and church We came away from Washington with the con- members. viction that the rnost urgent immediate and in- Furthermore, this statesmanship must be able sistent task of the Church in this day is the mak- to cross denominational lines. It must be able to ing of America Christian. There is nothing see the strategy of interdenominational coopera- America needs so much today as Christ.

tion. Will Durant in an article in the October Red Denominational programs can no more be built Book, entitled "America on Trial," pointed out solely within denominational circles than our na- in his brilliant way, eight things wrong with tional policies can be determined without taking America: into consideration all the other nations of the 1. The Melting Pot is not working earth. 2. Our Agriculture is bankrupt Cooperation was perhaps the biggest word in 3. Our Industrial System has broken down the Washington Congress. It came up in every 4. Our Democracy is a failure group and entered largely into the consideration 5. Our Cultural life is superficial and vulgar of every question-problems of the city, difficult 6. Our Moral life is in chaos rural situations, work among the Indians, 7. Our Civilization is dying Mexicans or New Americans-sooner or later all 8. The Drama of Protestantism is reaching its must come to the question of interdenominational close cooperation. Any man, who is alert, can catalogue a long list This is one of the most important matters now of things that are wrong in America. It takes no facing Protestant Christianity. The solution of great wisdom or unusual skill to paint a very every other problem of the Church today depends distressing picture of our country and our times.

THE NEW VISION OF HOME MISSIONS

The difficulty is not in knowing what is wrong, The task of Home Missions is to reveal Christ to America, especially to the fifty millions or more but it seems to be in knowing how to make things who are unreached and neglected.

right. Not only is this necessary for the salvation of Our politicians do not seem to know. They America but to fulfillment of our Home Mission task and for the salvation of the Church. have had time enough and opportunity enough to The Church is on trial in America. She is facset things right, but the more they do, the less ing her Waterloo. Organized Christianity has failed in other ages and in other lands. It failed they seem to accomplish. in Russia; men of prominence tell us that it has Our captains of industry do not seem to know. failed in Europe; will the Church fail in this age and in this land? Surely they have had all the time and opportunity Such a catastrophe could happen. Will it hapneeded to bring about better conditions, but the pen? It depends, in my judgment, primarily upon more they talk the less intelligent they seem- the way in which the Church meets her Home Mission task. Her spiritual battlefields, where and the longer they control affairs, the more dis- the destiny of organized institutionalized religion is to be determined, are not on the avenues of our tressing the conditions become. large cities where stand our great cathedrals, but Our economists and sociologists do not seem to in their slums "where cross the crowded ways of life"; not in the cultured county seat towns where know. There has never been a time when they are to be found our most delightful pastorates but in the hills and mountains of the hinterlands. talked more and said less than today-none of them seems to know the way out. Their pro- The Church of Christ must be made to appre- ciate the importance and urgency of Home Misnouncements are a confused clashing of opinions sions. It must be made Home-Mission-minded. There must be a revival of interest and zeal for -and muddling of issues. this work. We must correct the false impression When will America come to see Jesus Christ that the task has been accomplished. It was never greater than today, it was never more urgent than as her true counsellor? Only when the Church today. The total life and success of the entire truly lives and shines into every dark corner of Church both at home and abroad never depended more truly upon Home Missions than in this very this great land. Only when the Gospel is preached period through which the world is now passing. to all the people in every part of this vast domain, The Washington Congress was convinced that with such power and conviction, and passion, and the day has come for a great Home Missionary advance in North America. earnestness, and sanity that the unchurched and 6. Lastly, the new vision has given us a more unevangelized multitudes will be impelled to come spiritual conception of our task and a deeper feelto Him and be saved. ing of absolute dependence upon the Spirit of God We cannot have a saved nation of unsaved and the leadership of Jesus Christ in this great enterprise. I can do no better than to quote two people. America's fundamental trouble today is paragraphs from the Findings: not in economics, not in industry, not in politics, Again and again we have been thrilled by a sense of how far we have come toward a Christian North America. not in government, not in sociology, not in educa- But again and again we hav,e been arrested by a sense tion, not in moving pictures, not in stock markets, of how far short we are of the ideal of Christ for these nations. We have come far enough to glimpse the Promised not in unemployment-America's fundamental Land. But to pass over into it seems beyond our strength. We felt, as Stanley Jones has put it, that "We cannot go trouble is in the realm of religion-irreligion- further until we go deeper."

anti-religion—eccentric religion-America must What we need, and what we believe the Church at large needs, is a renewed and more vital consciousness of God; have Christ. He is her only hope. a sense that Jesus is Savior and that there is none other, President Hoover, in his opening speech of the either for the individual, or for society; that without Him we can do nothing; that through Him we can do anything Unemployment Drive last October, said: that needs to be done. We must strive to interpret these convictions of our Christian faith in life and in language I would that I possessed the art of words to fix the real that will capture the attention and allegiance of our fellow-Christians. issue with which the troubled world is faced into the mind and heart of every American man and woman. Our coun- try and the world are today involved in more than a financial crisis. Weare faced with the primary question of human sroeclaiettiyonas~dwhtoichthereadcehpeths to the very depth of organized of human conscience.

This civilization and this great complex, which we call American life, is builded and can alone survive upon the translation into individual action of that fundamental philosophy announced by the S~viour nin~teen cent~ries ago. Part of our national suffermg today IS from faIlure to observe these primary yet inexorable laws of human relationship. Modern society cannot survive with the de- fense of Cain, "Am I my brother's keeper?"

No governmental action, no economic doctrine, no eco- nomic plan or project can replace that God-imposed r~­ sponsibility of the individual man and woman to their neighbors. That is a vital part of the very soul of the people. If we shall gain in this spirit from this pai~ful time, we shall have created a greater and more glorIOUS America. The trial of it is here now. It is a trial of the heart and conscience of individual men and women.

and the World of

By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D., »: .

Princeton, New Jersey Editor of the Moslem World; Author of "Across the World of Islam," etc.

A RESTLESS, disillusioned, changing world; ing Negro lads the Koran. On his table there a rest-giving and unchanging Christ- were Indian, Turkish, and Egyptian papers. In these are two great present-day realities. the little mosque there was a money-chest to col- Jesus Christ, alive for ever more, is present today lect for "the holy war of the Riffs" against the in human history. He is the head of the Church French in Morocco, and it was labelled: "To be and the spiritual leader of the missionary enter- sent through the Caliphate Committee, Bombay!"

prise. According to His own promise He is with Islam is a 'world brotherhood. It is always and us all the days. In a real sense, therefore, we may everywhere cosmopolitan.

speak of Him, reverently, as "our contemporary." This cosmopolitan character of the Islamic And the unevangelized world of Islam, too, is a brotherhood in Africa is emphasized by the use reality. In this world Jesus Christ has been at of the same character in writing and the same work by His providence, by His word and through speech in prayer and public worship. The slates His Spirit for centuries, and He works now. The in the hands of children at Fez, Timbuctu, rise of Islam was a challenge to the supremacy, Mponda, Zanzibar, Lagos and Cape Town, have the finality and the sufficiency of God's Word and the same copy in the same script: "Bisrriillahi- of God's Son. For neither the Koran nor Mo- arrahman-ar-rahim." "In the name of Allah, the hammed could escape "the fact of the Ghrist." compassionate, the merciful."

Islam arose in a Christian environment. Present- While at Zomba in Nyasaland, I walked some day scholarship is agreed that the best elements miles through the jungle to a Moslem village in its dogma and ethics were due to Nestorian where I was expected to make an address through Christianity. The influence of a Christian tradi- a Christian interpreter who spoke Yao. On artion can not be ignored in the life of Mohammed. rival, the courtyard before the mosque was However warped, or misunderstood, or wrested, crowded. I received a warm welcome, but never yet in many and mysterious ways the Truth of used my Christian interpreter. The Imam and God bored its way from within. Christ's portrait his son had been to Mecca, spoke perfect Arabic, in the Koran, though only a sad caricature, could and interpreted for me into Yao. Islamic civilinot be wholly hid. God left Himself not without zation always includes the Arabic speech and witness and for thirteen centuries Moslems have alphabet which are spreading today in Africa. In had the clear testimony of the Koran to the exist- Cape Town the Arabic character is used to print ence and the authority of the Gospel. a Dutch (Afrikaans) commentary on the Koran. The remnants of the Christian Church that sur- In spite of rising nationalism and the abolition vived the Saracen flood in the ark of faith, also of the Caliphate by Turkey, there is still real panwitnessed for Christ by word and life and martyr- Islamism evident in the Moslem press, in the death down the ages. Earthquake, wind and fire derwish-orders and in the annual pilgrimage to shook the mountain of Islam during the World War. What is the still, small Voice that speaks Mecca. to us today and summons the Church to complete The Moslem press of India, of Egypt and of its task? Turkey was never more active, never more inter- national in its outlook than it is today. The I. There is a solidarity and an essential unity reason is that the cult of nationalism, as for ex- in the world of Islam which baffles the student of ample, in Palestine, Afghanistan and Persia, history and of present-day missions. which some thought would prove the death-knell It transcends race and language, geographical of pan-Islamism has not decreased but rather in- boundaries and political ideas. creased international bonds between scattered In July, 1925, I visited one of the mosques at Moslem groups and distant lands. Witness the Beira, Portuguese East Africa. A Yemen Arab agitation of the Indian press regarding Zionism in who had received instruction in Cairo was teach- Palestine, the interest of Javanese newspapers in [34 ] Egyptian politics and the proposals for the re- world of thought and life. Turkey is turning her back on the past and is trampling on traditions vival of the Caliphate on the part of the Nizam that had the sanctity of age and religion. The of Hyderabad. Eldon Rutter, the most recent of cry of the reactionaries is, "Back to the Koran and to Mohammed." The problem of the progres- European pilgrims to Mecca, tells in his book, sives is to get as far away from both as is decent "The Holy Cities of Arabia," how deeply he felt and safe. The unity of the Moslem problem is nowhere seen more clearly than in this struggle the unity and solidarity of Moslem brotherhood as he saw the multitudes thronged around the of the old and the new in the womb of a new day. Kaaba. Islam is a world-religion. It is similar in all lands from Java to Morocco. Today the number of those who profess and call National and compulsory primary education for themselves Mohammedans is nearly two hundred and fifty millions. In southeastern Europe (omit- the masses is an ambitious program for countries ting the scattered groups of Britain and France as negligible in number but not in their influence) where until very recently 96% of the men and there are three and a half millions. They are found chiefly in Albania, Bulgaria, Greece and 99% of the women were illiterate. Yugo-Slavia. Add to these a little over eighteen Yet this is the proposal for Turkey and for millions in European and Asiatic Russia and nearly two hundred thousand in South America Egypt by Moslem educational leaders. By simpli- (chiefly Brazil and Guiana). fication of grammar, by adopting the Latin alpha- Pass to the two great continents and the Island world where Islam has made its conquests. In bet, by every possible device, Turkey seeks a Africa there are nearly fifty million followers of higher literacy. The present activity and enterthe Arabian prophet, and they are found almost prise of the Moslem press and journalism already everywhere except in the southwestern portion of the continent. In the Belgian and French Congo, mentioned are creating new opportunities and a Liberia, Mozambique, Somaliland; around the Lakes and Zanzibar and in Madagascar, on the new mentality among the masses. Provincialism west coast of Senegal, Guinea, Dahomey, in is going. Here is a Malay weekly published by Uganda, Abyssinia, Kenya, Tanganyika; in Sierra Mohammedans in Borneo. On a single page there Leone and the Gold Coast, Togoland and the Camerouns; nearly eleven million in Nigeria, and is an article on Islam in America, another on the last but not least, the solid belt of Moslem coun- new mosque in Berlin, items regarding Aligarh tries in the north, Egypt, the Sudan, Tripoli, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco. In Africa pagan- College, India, Nationalism in Bengal, and an adism is crumbling, but Islam is aggressive, vertisement of a Japanese steamship company, ubiquitous, and is contesting with Christianity the destiny of a continent. that accommodates Borneo pilgrims for Mecca, if they will embark at Pedang, Sumatra. In Asia every country has its Moslem problem except Japan and Korea. In China there are Social unrest is found everywhere. It concerns about nine millions; in the Dutch East Indies over itself not only with such obvious matters as westforty millions. India has the largest Moslem population of any country in the world-over ern dress and head-gear, the calendar, banking, seventy-seven millions. In Bengal province alone there are twenty-seven and a half million Mos- the cinema and theatre, but with far deeper issues lems. These figures are from the last census. due to the impact of Western civilization.

II. Islam is growing in numbers and entering Feminism and Bolshevism are the two foci of new areas, but is losing in prestige and power. the great ellipse of agitation. The rights of womanhood and the rights of the proletariat have In every land of the Near East we witness, on the one hand, its disintegration and inner decay; found powerful advocates. The press of Persia, and on the other hand, frantic attempts to restore of Afghanistan, of Central Asia and of India are old sanctions and revive old beliefs and practices. directly or indirectly deeply influenced by Moscow.

New movements, economic, social, intellectual, In Turkey there is lively discussion not only of spiritual, are stirring everywhere. 'rhe currents social but of religious liberty. Husein Jahid Bey run counter to each other, and Zionism, Bolshevism, Commercialism, Nationalism, Imperialism, has recently published a book with the title, "The all have their own interests centering in the Near Book of the Citizen" mainly translated from two East. Each is a disintegrating factor in the old French authors. In the chapter on Religious Liberty he says: Religious liberty holds first place among all social liberties. Religious liberty does not mean merely the right of every person to be free in his sohwonulrdelbigeiofur es eb et ol i ebf~ but it means also that every church es- tablished anywhere without any hindrance, and to propa- gate its ideals by word or by institutions such as hospitals, schools and universities. 'A free church in a free State,'

as it is in America and in Holland. To worship God as I wish, and to believe as I think should be the right of every person. The state does not recognize 'believer' or 'unbeliever'; it recognizes only 'citizen.''' Then we have the following most significant words regarding Chris- tianity and the Gospel:

The Gospels proclaim a law of love and peace. Yet spite of the alliance between the scion of Abd-ul- since the days of the union of the Church with the State Majid and the multi-millionaire ruler of Hydera- under Constantine, the human conscience has been kept bad. The political horizon is clouded and no one under oppression. Many millions have been killed, expelled can foretell the weather that broods on the North- and persecuted. Bloodshed in the name of religion is west frontier of India or in the Near East. greater than that shed in political warfare. If the State and the Church had not united their interests and passions, III. Across this restless and changing world Christendom would not have witnessed such cruelty. However, the political interests of the Kings and Popes have the message of the living Christ is exerting its disappeared. No one is forced to accept a religion today. Whether one praises the Renaissance and the great Re- power silently and ceaselessly. formation or curses them, it does not matter. Today that mentality is dominant everywhere. Our thought, ideals, The production and distribution of the Bible morals, are saturated with those principles. Today a citizen and a believer seem to be on opposite sides. On the continues wihlout hindrance. In North Africa one hand liberty is considered as a poisonous fruit of the Great Revolution, and the believers are taught to curse it. the sales of the Christian Scripture increased On the other hand the citizens are told to look to the Church as an enemy of civilization. There is much con- from 17,000 copies in 1904 to 78,000 in 1928. fusion in people's minds on these points. This is alto- Last year for the first time in history a colporteur gether baseless. Christianity is no enemy of liberal insti- sold eight hundred gospels openly and without tutions; in fact such institutes have existed only in Chris- molestation in the streets of Ouezzan, the sacred tian countries. The peoples who have followed the laws city of Morocco. In Persia and East Arabia the of Brahma, Buddha, and Mohammed have known nothing Gospel may truly be counted among "the best but despotism. Modern liberty is the fruit of the Gospels. sellers." Its penetrative power is evident in village conversation and in the city press from Needless to say, such a bold prophet met with Fez to Isfahan. The leading poet of Egypt and the outstanding novelist of Turkey, both Moslems, opposition, and the reactionary press handled his acknowledge their indebtedness to the Bible for inspiration and style. A missionary in India book very roughly. asked a Mullah who was preaching to villagers on being born again, "Sir, from where did you get In Egypt the case of the Moslem convert and the subject of your sermon?" Immediately he pulled from a pocket a copy of the New Testapreacher, Kamil Mansur (who suffered imprison- ment, and turning to the third chapter of St. John said, "I got my subject from here. For the ment on a false charge and was afterward ac- last two years I have carried this book with me always. The traditions of Islam are a thing of the quitted) was a step forward for religious liberty. past; it is now necessary for us to find salvation. Jesus has said, 'God is Spirit, and we must wor- We learn that "there are indications that the ship Him in spirit and in truth'."

leavening of thought and life by Western ideas, In day-schools, colleges, and universities, in outwhich has characterized the post-war history of door clinics, welfare-centers and hospitals, in so- Egypt, is still proceeding. At one time the swing cial service and deeds of mercy, the Living Christ of the pendulum seems to favor the party of re- is at work. The colporteur introduces men and form. At another it swings back in the direction women and children to their Best Friend-enof Moslem orthodoxy and conservatism. Many in- larging the circle every day of the year. stances might be quoted in illustration of this alternating movement. Two years ago it was A stimulating definition of a missionary was rumored that the reforms at al Azhar University given by a Turkish friend to Miss Ethel W. would include the introduction into the curriculum Putney of Gedik Pasha, Istanbul, Turkey. "There of the optional study of foreign languages, espe- are two kinds of people in the world," he said, cially French and English, and also the study of "those who are just good, and those whose goodcomparative religion. The Commission which ness is so living and contagious that others who was appointed to determine these reforms has come in contact with it are transformed. The recently issued its report. It is true that much latter are the only true missionaries, whatever has been done to correlate the programme of stu- their label may be. They are living in such vital dents at al Azhar with that prescribed in the. touch with God that His power and love transordinary Government schools, but there is no men- form them, and through them, others." tion of either foreign languages or comparative religion. It would appear that, for the moment, This testimony should encourage those who are the conservative element at al Azhar has pre- perplexed by the paucity of converts in lands vailed." where public confession is still so difficult.

So the rising tide of progressive nationalism God is working out His purposes secretly and meets an undertow of reactionary currents every- openly. The latest news from Java gives the total where. The Moslem congress, called to meet in number of baptised Moslems in that Island as over Jerusalem in December, has already encountered strong opposition to its program in the Cairo press. The Caliphate will not be resurrected in

PRIMITIVE TRIBES OF THE CARIBBEAN

47,000-forty thousand more than the statistics lands, the words of an Indian Statesman, the late God gave Elijah when he was down-hearted! (I Sir Narayan Chandavarkar, come to mind. He Kings 19 :18). spoke of the conversion of India, but his words apply to the Moslem world as well : A letter comes just now from a friend in Central Asia: "Never before has the Christian "The process of conversion of India to Christ Mission in Turkestan been so successful and may not be going on as rapidly as you hope, or promising as it is now. During the first three in exactly the same manner as you hope but, quarters of this year more than thirty Moslems nevertheless, India is being converted; the ideas have confessed their faith in Christ and have that lie at the heart of the Gospel are slowly but been baptised." surely permeating every part of Hindu society, and modifying every phase of Hindu thought." As we consider the present situation in Moslem Primitive Tribes of the Caribbean ..:{ By the REV. THOMAS C. MOFFETT Philadelphia, Secretary of the Indian Missions of America I N the twenty republics south- how primitive and uncivilized east of the United States, are the native Indian tribes. there is an estimated popula- Pre-historic ruins, extinct civ- tion of 18,000,000 pure-blood In- ilizations, ancient cultures, are dians, speaking the native' lin- being investigated, as aerial sur- guae. If those of mixed blood, veys, archeological researches, predominantly Indian, are in- and daring explorations bring to cluded, then the classification of Ii g h t unsuspected material.

35,000,000 as Redmen may not What unwritten history is sug- be far astray in the whole of gested by the mute record of the Latin America. Several of these pyramid of San Juan Teotehua- republics have a very small per can near Mexico City, compara- cent of Caucasian or white in- ble in size with the great pyra- habitants. Mexico has only nine- mid of Egypt; by the granite teen per cent white, and the five stelae and enduring walls of an- Central American states average cient Mayan ruins, over which fifteen per cent. Col. Lindbergh and other discov- This is really Indian America. erers have flown during the last Only a few years ago the legis- year; by the Inca altars of Cuz- lature of Ecuador seriously con- co, Peru, and by the scant me- sidered making the old Inca morials of early Caribs, Arawa- tongue, the Quicha, which is kas, and Chivchas of the old spoken today by a large propor- Spanish Main.

tion of its inhabitants, the offi- The . whole Indian situation cial language of the republic. from the viewpoint of the Chris- Another surprising fact is tion missionary enterprise needs that South America should still to be studied. But so vast are retain her position as the one the areas, and so backward great division of the area of the and isolated are the native world, outside of the polar populations, that comparative- regions, large districts of GOAJIRO INDIAN OF COLOMBIA ly limited fields must be which are still unknown to segregated, such as the Car- white men. The recent explorations of the ibbean coastal region of which this article treats.

Dickey expedition along the sources of the The continent of South America is 3,300 miles Orinoco River in Venezuela and Brazil re- wide by 5,000 miles long. Brazil alone is larger veal how unfamiliar are vast regions and than the United States. Where civilization has

not penetrated, where the Indian tribes have not each of the bays, opening from the Caribbean, for that strait which should lead to far Cathay. had the privileges of education and evangeliza- Seeking the same mythical passage, Balboa pene- trated into the interior and climbed the ridge tion, there are to be found today the most back- where ward and savage regions of the world. Here is With eagle eyes He star'd at the Pacific-and all his men probably the largest body of neglected human be- Look'd at each other with a wild surmise Silent upon a peak in Darien. ings, from the viewpoint of the Church and the The number of Indians in Panama at the pres- Christian message, in proportion to the total pop- ent time cannot be even approximately estimated, for few of the primitive wild Indians leave their ulation, of any element of earth's inhabitants, un- jungle and mountain retreats, and the census enu- merators of the Republic do not penetrate to their less Central Asia is to be excepted. isolation. One hundred thousand is the figure given as comprehending the total, and 36,000 The historic Spanish Main, extending in a tribal Redmen of this number, still holding to their native language, customs and independence, crescent along the shores of the Caribbean from acknowledging relations to no other government Panama on to the northeast coast of Guiana, now in the Isthmus. There appears to have been was the scene of the romantic and adventur- no written language, not even a system of hieroous exploits of the gold-seekers, Spanish con- glyphics, among the aborigines of Panama. They quistadores, buccaneers and pirates. Here was were less nomadic than the North American tribes the arena of the conquests over numerous Indian and in weaving and domestic arts they were populations, exploited by the stronger and well- superior. armed Europeans, who exterminated millions of these Redmen. Of all the varied interests of this To enumerate the tribal divisions and charactropical region, its natural resources, its climate, teristics of these Indians would be to little purwhich in our northern winter affords a dry, balmy, pose, but the outstanding facts regarding the sun-kissed land of health and recreation, and its larger groups and their utter neglect religiously history of conquest and adventure, the greatest should be of special interest, for here is an unfulsubject to engage one's attention is the treatment filled task of evangelism for which the Christian accorded the native Indian tribes, their persist- forces of the Church in the United States have a ence to this day in most adverse circumstances, primary responsibility. and their utter neglect and dire need of attention from the organized Christian forces of Europe The San BIas Indians live in settled villages and America. These backward aborigines have re- along the Caribbean coast and on an archipelago tained a mistrust and an aversion to strangers, of islands. They are short in stature, stocky and especially the Spanish, whom they have every industrious in their habits. The finest coconuts reason to regard as enemies. "Their feeling is not are grown by them and they are good fishermen. a reasoned one," states Dr. Pittier, who, as trav- It was the ancestors of these Indians who made eller, ethnologist and scientist, has established welcome the luckless Scotch colonizers who settled closest contacts with them. "It is the instinctive Caledonia harbor, 140 miles from Colon toward distrust of the savage for the unknown or inex- Colombia, some two hundred years ago, but after plicable, intensified in this particular case by the untold hardships and mishaps they abandoned the tradition of a long series of wrongs at the hands venture. In all these years that have elapsed the of the hated Spaniards." San BIas have clung to the traditions of friend- ship for the British and hatred for the Spanish. The Republic of Panama geographically is the bridge between the two continents of the western An evangelical missionary, Miss Anna Coope hemisphere. In area it is the size of the state of from England, labored among these Indians for a Indiana, or of New Hampshire and Vermont com- number of years and laid the foundations for a bined. The great inter-oceanic canal has now permanent work. Political opposition and legal made it the crossroads of the world. The history barriers prevented the continuance of this work of this narrow Isthmus, where the long mountain about seven years ,ago, but several promising range extending from far northern latitude to the young men of the tribe have received an education extremity of South America reaches its lowest in the United States and are ready to return to elevation, presents vivid contrasts of the primi- their own people as evangelists and teachers. The tive tribes in their aboriginal surroundings of Indian Mission of America, with headquarters in jungles and tropical forests. There they were iso- Philadelphia, desires to resume work for the San lated from all contacts until the sudden appear- BIas. ance of Europeans, the ruthless invasion of the territory of the Indians, brought about the extermination of many tribes and the retiring of other groups into the fastnesses never penetrated by white men even to this day. Columbus sought in

Of the same linguistic stock are several groups The Indians of Panama generally drink heavily, in the province of Darien, adjoining Colombia, and and the white man's rum is to some extent taking extending to the Pacific ocean. The resources of the place of the native brew of chica. Not all of this province are very rich in minerals and tim- the tribes indulge in tobacco, and in some sections ber, medicinal plants, and dye woods. The region the cigars are mere hollow rolls, the lighted ends is largely unmapped and unexplored. being held in the mouth.

The Chocos are one of the smaller and least A GROUP OF THE MOTILONES ,OF VENEZUELA known tribes of the Darien. Prof. Pittier wrote of them: "NeV'er in our twenty-five years of The republic of Colombia has an extensive Intropical experience have we met with such a sun- dian population, widely separated in tribes of loving, bright and trusting people, living nearest great divergence; but along its northern coast, to nature and ignoring the most elementary wiles adjoining the Caribbean, there are two divisions, of so-called civilization. Physically they are a fine the Goajiros, of Arawak stock, occupying the long and healthy race. The first thing the Chocos do in peninsula which projects on the borders of Venethe morning is to jump into the nearby river and zuela, and the Sierra Nevadas of the high mountheir ablutions are repeated several times in the tain regions, near the Santa Marta coast, .a tribe course of the day. They seem to be exclusively of Chivcha stock. monogamistic and both parents surround their children with tender care. They are very indus- Of the Indians of the peninsula about ten per trious. During the dry spells their life is out of cent speak Spanish, and thirty per cent underdoors, planting and watching their crops, hunting, stand it. Their country is dry cactus desert, with fishing and canoeing. When the heavy rains come hills extending toward Venezuela, where some they stay at home, weaving baskets of all kinds, 2,000 Cocinas or bandits dwell. My visit during making ropes and hammocks, carving dishes, mor- the past winter to this peninsula revealed the negtars, stools and other objects out of tree trunks." lected state of this tribe and the open door of opportunity for missionary effort. Their life is In Chiriqui Province, a day's voyage on a coast- almost as primitive and aboriginal as the Indians ing steamer from Panama City at Remedios, are whom Columbus and the Spanish conquistadores found the Zabanero Indians. They defeated the discovered. It is a sobering thought to find that Spanish and still hold their own territory back in they have been left through the long years in unthe Cordilleras. They are supposed to antedate relieved paganism and illiteracy. the Aztecs and the Mayas. The coastal Indians of Venezuela cannot be in- The second grouping of the tribes of Panama cluded in the purview of this article, except for a is the Guamies, extending toward the Republic brief allusion to two divisions. The Motilones, of Costa Rico in the provinces of Chiriqui and the name meaning "crop-haired," use the poi- Boco del Toro. Among the Valientes a mission of soned arrows and are hostile to commercial or the Wesleyan Methodists is firmly established, adventurous intrusion into their country. They having been started in 1917. These Indians num- have long been regarded as being very dangerous, ber about 8,000 and are located on the Caribbean and no efforts have been made to educate or evanside of the Isthmus. The United Fruit Company gelize them. However, during the past year the has banana and cocoa lands in this region. On peaceable visit of a missionary, Mr. John Duval the coast the mission has three churches and three Rice, was received in friendly spirit. Without fireday schools. Headquarters are maintained also in the mountain section, where a considerable num- arms, and in a kindly, tactful approach, this repber of these Indians were driven by the Mosquito Indians of Nicaragua. They have a language all resentative of the Church found that the illtheir own, into which the New Testament has reputed Motilones were without exception friendbeen translated by Rev. Ephraim Alphonse, who maintains a medical dispensary and acts as their spiritual leader. One of the teachers in the school is also a trained nurse.

In the valley of Mirando, which is high up in the Cordilleras, in a region cut off from the Plains, there are some 5,000 of the Guamies, the most primitive Panamanian natives outside of Darien. This beautifully forested country will be opened up by the new road being constructed from Panama City to David.

ly, unusually honest and generous. They live a open. Venezuela has recently excluded the Archmost primitive life, without houses or hammocks. bishop of the Roman Catholic Church and super- intendents representing mission boards from en- At the extreme northwestern corner of Vene- tering the country, but here also private evangelizuela there are Indians, grouped in the region of cal schools are recognized, and limited tolerance Maracaibo, where the oil interests have developed of freedom of worship prevails. Panama, with the large commercial activities. The story of neglect change of government effected December, 1930, and of debasing influences from contact with will be ushered into a new progressive era and greed and aggressions of white civilization is re- will afford protection for Protestant enterprises. peated here. The Scandinavian Alliance of the United States has established mission stations at There is no louder call or more legitimate claim a number of points around the Lake of Maracaibo. for an advance in Protestant mission effort than this made by the native tribes of the Caribbean. Concerning the opportunities for evangelical A Christian statesman has recently observed: missionary effort in the Republics of the Carib- "The world is paying attention to the great Conbean, it should be noted that Colombia has been tinent of the South as never before. We hope that least tolerant and that the Roman Catholic Church definite plans will be discussed and adopted whose has, until the elections of February, 1930, held sole and persistent aim will be to bring the truth almost undisputed power. But with the Liberal as it is in Jesus Christ to these millions of unvictory, and the hope of revision of existing re- evangelized Indians of South America." ligious legislation, a wider door of privilege will The Spirit of Home Missions I am the Spirit of Home Missions.

I was born in the heart of the lowly.

My ancestors were pioneers: My mother is the Church; My father is the spirit of righteous adventure.

In my early life I fought against ease and stagnation.

I blazed new trails in thought and endeavor; I slept in the great forests of the West; I drank from her running brooks; My footprints are seen everywhere.

I searched for stout hearts and found them: John Stewart, Jason Lee, McKendree, Brother Van, Forsyth.

I have increased courage in the hearts of men who dare.

I always keep "on the line of discovery."

I have welcomed the new-born babe in the frontier cabin; I walk the crowded city streets; I visit the sick; .

I preach the Gospel to the poor.

I gave the Negro my right hand and helped him up.

I welcome the immigrant And show kindness to the stranger in our land.

I help build your churches, Your schools, colleges, hospitals, homes; I help educate your youth and train your minister.

I live because I serve.

I am not a formal organization: Departments, bureaus, secretaries, treasurers; These are only my framework.

I am a spirit, Commissioned of God and blest by the lowly Nazarene; I must help mEm in heroic tasks- For humanity gnaws at my heart.

Therefore let me go to the needy places.

My spirit must live!

-EZRA Cox, in The Christian Advocate.

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~=.~~~===============I~ THE CHALLENGE OF "THE heathen" no longer "raging so most potent factor in the solu- furiously together" as they rage tion of all problems, at home and CHANGING ORDER" against Christians for our re- abroad, that the world has ever ligious inconsistencies and our known, and that the leadership By Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison overgrown Nordic bumptious- of Jesus Christ is still mankind's ness-these are among the fea- paramount need. "We are immersed in the at- tures that face us as we sweep mosphere of change and dedi- the horizon. The fault is not with the cated to the proposition that Gospel but with ourselves. We growth is the essence of the Grave difficulties also confront may well echo Walter Rauschen- Christian scheme . . . . No one us at home. Our young people, busch's dictum: "It rests with us can chart the roads we shall fol- who have hobnobbed at college to say if we are now to enter low; the destination may be un- with Chinese, Hindus, Japanese, upon a new era in the transforcertain; but once more with staff Filippinos-a n d incidentally mation of the world into the in hand we are on our way." have been hard-pressed to keep Kingdom of God, or if our civili- pace with them-are naturally zation is destined to go down to -Rev. D. J. Evans skeptical about their responsi- the graveyard of dead civiliza- bility towards civilizations old, tions and God will have to try "The changing world which we cultural and rich. They do not again". are facing demands a changing realize, alas! that these nonattitude" . Christian people are still blindly Readjustments are often as groping for soul-liberty and painful as major surgery-and -Edward A. Steiner light. The writer recently saw nearly the whole of a Y. M. C. A. as necessary. Since world con- "When he, the Spirit of Truth, district conference vote "thumbs ditions have never been satisis come, he will guide you into down on Foreign Missions". factory and the principles of all truth". Jesus have not yet been given a Recent shifts in the basic idea fair trial, is not change (of a -Jesus Christ of the universe have not been certain sort) our only hope for without effect on students. When betterment? The blue-prints In this challenging greeting the Law of Gravitation is dis- and specifications of yesterday's your incoming editor of these carded and the North Star of methods may fall short of struc- "Effective Ways of Working" force-and-matter skids from its tural needs today. They are due asks readers to accept her as a course, many students hastily for a thorough overhauling. But comrade on the pilgrimage in infer that former religious and the fundamental plan of the quest of a Better Order. World- missionary sanctions are des- Master Builder is without a flaw. changes are rendering obsolete tined for the scrap heap. . many of our time-honored modes To this end your "Effective of missionary activity. The solu- It is true' that some old mo- Ways of W 0 r kin g" editor tions of the problems with which tivations for missions no longer prayerfully dedicates her space every mission field bristles are move the rank and file of the to the exploiting of programs yet in the making, and the need Church. The mainspring of and plans forged in the experifor constructive Christian think- benevolence has grown weaker, ence of successful workers. The ing is increasingly imperative; so that the missionary speaker talismanic password of the dethe writer therefore summons is often hard-pressed for a hand- par t men t is not "Why?" all good scouts to come forward, hold on the purse strings of his "What?" or "How?" but "Tested "staff in hand," to do their bit audience. But none of these Usag.e". Outstanding workers of exploring and experimenting. things need move us from our of various denominations have purposeful endeavor, if we can already pledged their help. If Our "field" is still "the world," sincerely dedicate ourselves to you have either programs or debut the field-glass has changed the service of world-humanity' vices that have motivated more into a kaleidoscope. Cyclonic because of our conviction that intelligent interest and giving in social changes at home; great the body of ideals incorporated any department of missionary tidal waves of rampant national- in Christianity constitutes the ism abroad; the leaders of a vast endeavor, send them along! people of 150,000,000 souls defi- [41 ] nitely committed to a propa- -E. S. A. ganda of atheism intended to undermine all religions, and "the

A Symposium for Program- January meeting passed out Y-oung people given Christian Makers daintily decorated cardboard training; bells, each bearing a letter of the There is no denying the im- inscription, "Happy New Year," E-ducation through mission- and an article attached to its ary reading; petus of fresh beginnings. Rid- back. The recipients came for- ward in proper rotation and A-ttendance and program icule notwithstanding, why not carried out the instructions. maintained at high standard; capitalize the current date and H called for the devotional R-ealization of these goals service from a Japanese key- t h r 0 ugh tireless, prayerful, crystallize its value in a set of note; united effort. activ.ated New Year's resolu- A was a poem-"Song of the Wheel", from Assam; The bells were suspended in tions calculated to make pro- rotation across the platform. P read a letter from a mis- Writing materials were passed gram-building more effective? sionary in India; and for the roll call each woman was asked to write her mission- The following points for a syn- P read a short article on the ary New Year's resolution. The work of an African missionary; slips were then collected, mixed thetic "resolution" have proved up and passed out again to be Y offered the prayer; read aloud, anonymously. The their worth in many churches in service closed with the singing N gave experiences of a mis- of "We Have Come to the End all departments of missionary of Another Year", set to the sionary family in China; tune of "A Perfect Day". endeavor: E read a brief article on work 3. Conserve Calendar Values 1. Be Systematic. During 20 in Russia; in Membership Recruiting. This W reported recent Philippine years' service as a methods sec- is most effectively done in Janu- news; ary, at the autumn rally, or at retary, the writer's mail has the opening of the fiscal year of Y sang a song-"Joy Bells"; the organization. The best way been flooded with requests for to enlist new members is to go E read the description of work after them. At a district meetmaterial recently exploited in a among American Indians; ing of the Methodist Woman's Home Mission Society, at Lakemagazine but which, alas! the A talked on social center side, Ohio, a number of tested work; recruiting methods were deinquirers had allowed to go the scribed. In one church, three R read a closing poem. women go at regular intervals to way of waste papers. If your the church office, make an alpha- Each successive participant betical list of all women in the new "Effective Ways of Work- hung her bell on a wire at the congregation not members of the front to form the missionary woman's society and assign the ing" editor is to be of maximum greeting of the day. names to the circle leaders in whose districts they live. Each service to readers, she would At the January meeting of the leader proceeds to distribute First Baptist Church, Warsaw, these names among her group of earnestly recommend Indiana, an acrostic incorpo- workers for intensive cultiva- rated the same initials, each tion. Those not successful in (a) Well indexed letter files letter being on a bell painted in landing their recruits return the silver on a red background. The names to their circle leaders and in which materials for all occa- letters represented a goal for the fresh assignments are made. sions are laid away ready to opening year in three-minute The largest returns were in- talks given by each recipient. variably found to be where the hand. most determined efforts had H-elpfulness in some line of been put forth. (b) Scrap books that are Christian service; . In another church, on one day neither methods "crazy quilts" A-Iways faithful in the serv- of each month there was ob- ices of the church; tained from the church secretary nor literary "hash" but are a list of all new people who had P-rayer for the work of the appeared in the congregation, classified repositories of real Kingdom; and assignments of responsi- bility were made as above. Retreasure-troves for program- P-articipation by systematic cipients of names phoned, called giving; and wrote notes giving urgent makers. invitations to the luncheon at the Y-ielding ourselves whole- (c) A series of pasteboard heartedly to Christ's service; boxes, duly labeled and listed, in N-umber of women enlisted in group Bible study increased; which are preserved not only E-vangelism majored in all clippings but bulky cut-outs, our work; year books from other organiza- W-iIlingness to perform as- tions, and source-material. signed tasks; (d) Note books to corral thoughts and suggestions from hither and yon.

(e) Card indexes and filing jackets, which are just as ef- fective in the King's Business as in the commercial world.

2. Be Timely. As stimulating to the mind as salad "greens" to the palate in spring is the pro- gram that just fits its calendar setting. If not available for thIS month, file the ensuing plans away for next year. .

A Bell Program for January In the woman's society of the First Baptist Church, Muskegon, Michigan, the leader of the

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

next meeting of the society. The resented, and who has made a As the study progresses, an evewoman extending the invitation agreed to meet or call for her study of the people of that land ning is designated to each of the guest and act as her hostess at table. The effort must be fol- and of the missionary stations in eight groups on which to make lowed up in various ways to be 100 per cent successful. it, is prepared to explain its ex-· their report to the church, each Some women reported carry- hibits and to present its mission- in its own way with blackboards, ing large yellow stars in their handbags when out calling. ary aspects and needs. The maps and charts. One may pre- They inscribed on a point of the star the name of each new material necessary for the ex- sent it in dramatic fashion in woman they discovered and handed in the stars when thus hibit may be obtained from the the form of a meeting of the filled. For this they received some token of recognition from mission boards or from world board which it represents, and the society. travelers in the congregation or arguments pass to and fro 4. Resolve That the Best Is None Too Good for a Missionary neighborhood. The making of across the table. Missionaries Meeting. Work over missionary programs as hard as you would the models is a fine hand work may appear to plead their work for a club or for a "pay" entertainment; then the day is project for church school classes. causes. The varied claims of difdue to come when the sign, "Standing Room Only" will An automatic stereopticon in the ferent features of the work are greet all late comers to a missionary s e r vic e. "Faithful assembly room may display pic- disclosed-for example in the Traditionalists" take notice! tures of the missionary fields. case of missions, the evangel- A PASTOR'S METHODS After a supper, where the pur- istic, educational and medical. By Robert A. Ashworth, D. D., Editor of The Baptist pose and procedure of the eve- Another group may present an The trouble with the average ning are explained, the people original play incorporating the church, missionwise, is that the best members are so busy with visit the various rooms in lessons which it wishes to teach. their personal tasks that they have little time or energy to give groups. As each group appears, If a secretary of a board that is to real study of the missionary enterprise. It is a truism that the teacher explains the contents being considered can be present interest grows out of knowledge. It is the pastor's job somehow to of the room and the missionary to answer questions it is very arrest the attention of his thoughtful people for a suf- task and the opportunities in the desirable. The adequacy of the ficiently long period for them to look on all sides of the mission- country represented. presentations will differ with ary task. A more effective method is an the genius of the group, but you One of the methods which I have found fruitful is a mis- intensive study of the denomina- may depend upon it that, as a sionary exhibit. Each missionary country in which the church tional budget. Who determines result of this method, there will is at work is assigned a church school class room. On the walls it? "What justification is there be some who will have solved and tables are arranged curios, clothing, books, maps, pictures, for it? Where does our money the enigma of the budgets and models of missionary buildings -everything which can serve to go and why? will understand the difficulties make graphic the people and religions and work in the coun- Choose wisely a large group and the significance of the tasks tries to which the respective of men and women-fifty is not which they have assigned to rooms are devoted. too many if they can be secured. their denominational leaders.

Where possible a teacher clad Their officers divide them into "The Challenge of Change" in the costume of the land rep- committees, assigning to each a in America study of the budget of one de- nominational board. In our own A dramatic program based on case these are eight in number- the Home Mission Study Book- Foreign Missions, General and 'Vornen's; Home Missions, Gen- I. "Already we have 'a new eral and Women's; Publication earth,' but we cannot yet add, Society; Board of Education; 'wherein dwells righteousness.' "

Min i s t e r s and Missionaries Setting: Tea party with young Benefit Board; Board of Mis- women of yesterday, costumed sionary Coo per a t ion. Each as guests of the young women of group meets as often as neces- today. If desired, those on pro- sary to make their study of the gram may sit about a tea table subject assigned. It is extraor- and introduce the simple dia- dinary how a study of the logue and action of women tak- budget will open up every phase ing tea together, as they speak of the work. Much romance on the topics.

lurks in a budget. Questions are Program: 1. What We Were raised; doubts and criticisms, Thinking When I Was a Girl perhaps, are suggested; the diffi- (pp. 8-16). Emphasizes the con- culties and handicaps of the task trast between the conformity are revealed. Material is found and traditionalism of early days in the annual reports and de- and spirit of inquiry today. nominational year books. Sec- 2. How We Were Living When retaries are pleased to aid in. I Was a Girl (pp. 16-20). Em- such a project, either by corre- phasizes the material. contrasts spondence or personally. Spe- between the two periods.

cial investigations are assigned. 3. The Wealth of America

Today (pp. 20-27). "God and of our community lack the Church-Prophecies; (3) My the Census" (p. 126). ministry of the Church? Church. Divide those present 4. The Power of America To- III. "Good Samaritan Tales." into two groups, each with a day (pp. 27-32). . Setting: Picture of "The Good leader, for the discussion of such topics as "How can we vitalize 5. Devotional Period: Dia- Samaritan" visible to the audi- for Christ our membership logue taken from Rauschen- ence during the meeting. roll ?" busch's Parable (pp. 33, 34). Poster: "Two Sketches"-l. Discu..ssion: What would be an (If tea-party setting is used, The Good Samaritan, 30 A. D., ideal program of missionary the leader calls in, as a surprise binding up traveler's wounds. education in our church? Does feature, the Spirits of First and 2. Home Missions, as Good my church use the "cookie- Last Centuries, and lets their Samaritan, binding up society's cutter" method in religious edudialogue introduce the devo- wounds. cation? tional features of the service.) Topics: Modern Good Samari- VI. My Share in America's To- Theme: "Not by might nor by tan in guise of Home Missions morrow." power, but by my Spirit" (pp. introduces the various Samari- tans, personified, as mentioned Setting: A globe, illumined by 3-8; 32-35). in the text. an overhead light. Scripture: Gal. 5 :13-25. Hymns: "Lead on, 0 King Discussion Topics: Is my Poster: ~'Religion Is Caught- church training young people to Not Taught." Let the words, "I Eternal" ; "0 Beautiful, My help supply "adequate church am the Light of the World," Country". leadership?" Does my church have rays of light illuminating have responsibility tow a r d s an American woman. Let rays Prayer: That America may underprivileged groups in the of light emanating from the become more truly a nation community? woman make a pictured globe whose God is the Lord; that missionary wisdom and devotion may be increased; that material change may challenge us to new IV. "From Many, One." bright. spiritual victories. Setting: On table under an Topics: High lights of the Poster Suggestion: "Times arch of Christian Fellowship, chapter should be interspersed Change"-Young w 0 man in display dolls dressed in costumes with very practical discussion modern dress extending her of different lands. que s t ion s assigned to good hand of greeting to a woman in Poster: "From Diversity to speakers. an old-fashioned gown. Unity"-a heap of tangled Discussion: Why do so many Questions for Discussion: Has threads; a woven mat. of our causes fail to secure funds the Church adjusted itself to the Topics: (1) Impersonations necessary for maintenance or needs of changed America? Is by Mrs. Ruth Muskrat Bronson enlargement? Why is the new the Twentieth Century growing (H. M. Congress Report, pp. 45- generation so largely un-won to in its appreciation of moral 50); (2) The West Indies (Re- the world mission of Chrisvalues? Is it true that Amer- port, pp. 42, 43) ; (3) The Spirit tianity? ican society is organized to "pro- of D i v e r sit y-"Competitive duce things rather than people, Drift," (pp. 120-123) ; all talks Note. The foregoing outlines, furnished by Claire Goodsill Chandler of Galesburg, Illinois, with out-put set up as a god?" should be interspersed with re- and here condensed to conserve space, may be expanded similarly to the first program, for (If tea-party dialogue is developed, this discussion may be plies by The Spirit of Unity use in any adult group of the local church. using the subject matter from Materials can be furnished by the various de- nominational Literature Bureaus, and supple- worked into a dialogue.) same texts. mented ably by articles in THE REVIEW from month to month. II. "What Is Happening to Discussion Topics: Are there Home Missions"-a question too many churches in my com- munity? If so, which ones THE WORLD'S RELIGIONS and answer meeting. should be absorbed? What The approximate numerical stand- Setting: Box containing num- agencies can help the Church in ings of the organized religions .of the bered questions with ribbons at- its problem of moral and tached, to be drawn from the world, according to recent statistics, spiritual leadership ? ("God and is as follows: the Census," chapter 4.) box in turn by those prepared to Roman Catholics. . . . . . .. 310,000,000 answer. Orthodox Catholics …. 120,000,000 Poster: "Questions and An- V. The Church-"Portraits and Protestants . . . . . . . . . . .. 200,000,000 swers"-a box from which issue Prophecies." Total Christians …. . 630,000,000 Jews …………….. . 15,000,000 the questions-What? When? Setting: Picture of the local church, perhaps with the Amer- Mohammedans …….. . 240,000,000 Where? How? Why? ican and Christian flags on Buddhists ………… . 130,000,000 Topics: Questions whose an- either side. Hindus …………… . 230,000,000 swers will cover the high lights of the chapter. Poster: "My Portrait-Would Confucianists, Taoists .. . 350,000,000 Discussion Topics: How do You Change It?" The picture Shintoists ………… . 35,000,000 of the local church. Animists …………. . 135,000,000 the churches of our community Miscellaneous ……… . 60,000,000 recognize the social implications Topics: (1) Today's Church- of Christianity? Does any part Port r a its; (2) Tomorrow's Total non-Christians .. 1,195,000,000 W omen"s Home and Foreign Bulletin HELEN M. BRICKMAN, 105 EAST FORTy-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK; COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK; FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA A WAY AND A DAY One laddie, venturing nearer she heard the class repeating By Bessie Farrar Madsen than the others, greeted us with aloud! Did not Jairam help her such a friendly smile that we secretly! As much as he knows It was a rough road that lay held out to him a picture paper she knows also. She is different; between our village and the town saying, "Come see, here is the she is the only girl in the town that was seven miles away. It shadow of a little lad like your- who wants to read." led through thick tall jungles self." "Yes, all of us go to school, over the ups and downs of a hilly but the school books we know by country, and there were ruts and heart. Have we not read them rocks and stumps and stones in for two years? We passed but the frequent detours that were we did not go into higher necessary to avoid the washouts. classes; there were no books.

Sometimes there were rustlings Ah ! Where is the bookshop?

in the underbrush that induced Does not the school master have watchfulness. Nevertheless, we to send for them from afar?

found it a beautiful way. When oil and salt cost so much It was called a town, this place who has rupees to send for toward which we journeyed. It A READING CIRCLE IN INDIA books? Alas, how many couries was the capitol of the Zemindari, only one book costs."

and the Rajah held his court He looked at the picture with "My father used to read, but here. Here was also his palace, the Hindi script beneath it, then he has forgotten." "Mine too. a post office and police headquar- with a quick appraising glance When we stop going to school, in ters. It is true that there were into our eyes he turned, saying, a few years the learning leaves said to be only about two hun- "Wait, your honor, I go to call us. Reading nothing we forget." dred homes, huts built of mud, my sister," and running off he But Jairam had found a story with their walled-in courtyards, called to the other children, "Do among the books; he was readbut it was an important place in not fear; she is friendly; she ing it aloud. Forgetting every- body he read on and on and on, the district. Thinking that there has papers with shadows." must also be a school here, we The children drew nearer. Al- while the group nearest him inhad slipped into the tonga a box most immediately the little run- tent as himself, listened to every of books and papers. Who away returned with his sister, a word. knows but there may be an op- sweet shy child of about nine. Others were saying, "Let me portunity, though we are going "She also reads," he announced read." "Find me a story."

today chiefly to present our with pride. The children called "Please tell us what this is salaams to the Rajah's house- him J airam. He was evidently about." It seemed that we had hold; for we had recently come a leader among them. Many had but just begun, when there was to the neighborhood and this was gathered by this time and such a call from the bullock driver.

our first visit to the town. an audience! They proved to be Might he remind us that the sun The old bullocks took the road eager for stories, quick WIth was setting and they were say- at their own sweet will, creeping questions, ready with bright bits ing in the village that a tiger like snails up the hills and com- of information about the town had been seen on the road lately. ing down again with their and the new palace, about each "Yes, we are coming Garshakey, bumpy trot. Though we other and the school. riwan. Listen children, we must had started at sunrise it was "Yes, there is a boy's school in go now. The way is long and nearing noon when we reached the town. For many years it the bullocks are slow. See, the the travelers' bungalow at the has been here. We read as high picture papers are our gifts to center of the town. A group of as the fourth reader. Oh no, you. The books you may have children had gathered when we there is no girl's school. If there too for your own, but you must stepped from the tonga. They were, who would send girls to give one pice (a halfpenny) each stood at a little distance watch- school? How did Jairam's sister for them. So will you treasure ing, curious, and half afraid. It learn? Did she not sit in the them the more. Would you like was seldom that white travelers shadow of the schoolhouse wall to have them to read to your came. and say over and over the lessons fathers and mothers?"

[45 ] "This is mine," said J airam, of gods and goddesses. India is It is a place of tragedy. Time untying the knot in his waist- rich in her folklore. after time the call comes to band where his treasures were If her learned ones would Eaton, the town just across the kept and taking out the one pice gather the best of these and railroad track, "Come quickly! he possessed. write them in simple language Another girl has attempted "And this is mine," said an- for the villagers, they could all suicide!" Sometimes the doctor other, taking the hoarded treas- share in the beautiful things of gets there quickly enoughure from the little bag that hung their own legend and history. If sometimes not, for lysol acts around his neck. Others appealed someone would write accounts of speedily. Murder is not uncomto fathers or big brothers who the faithful friendships and mon in the colony. The bootby this time formed part of the noble heroisms that are being legger thrives. Children pilfer large audience. lived every day by some of these coal from nearby yards that it Soon there were no books left lowcastes and outcastes, there may be sold to the beet workers and yet some there were with would develop for them through- at ten cents a sack. Then with empty hands whose disappoint- out the country more of con- illgotten gains there are tickets ment we appeased by promising sideration and respect. If those for the "show" and candy and again and again to return bring- who have learned from the Great cigarettes. Marij uana brings ing more. We started home- Guru would write such stories moments of forgetfulness to the ward at dusk. Jairam with his of the loving kindness of the sodden weary worker, but it also little sister followed the tonga. Heavenly Father as He Himself brings wretchedness and re- We stopped. "You will not be told, the paralyzing fears that morse in its train.

following far," we admonished, haunt the village life of India The Mexican loves his chil- "it will be growing dark." would be driven out in time by dren, but under the influence of Then the little girl spoke. She thoughts of love and hope. this drug of the Indian hemp was away from the crowd now; If those who have means family even this basal love is she was no longer shy. Lifting would offer to print such stories forgotten. Just a few weeks ago her brown eyes, she said ear- in attractive form and in the the worker, a visiting teacher, nestly, "Doing us a great kind- good clear scripts of the prov- sent into the field by the Council ness you have come to our town. inces and enable them to be put of Women for Home Missions, Many strangers have come, but on the market for far less than was met with the announcement, you only have brought us books. the cost of printing so that the "We have of the nifios in our Till you come again we will re- poorest could buy, then these houses." The teacher investimain watching. Salaam." little ones could find food and re- gated. As usual neither doctor "God bless you children, freshment and have a better nor nurse had assisted the ad- chance to "grow in wisdom and vent of the newcomer. Baths Salaam. Salaam." Shall we ever forget those two in stature and in favor with God and care were an immediate and man." necessity. For two days she who followed the tonga out of served. The third she gave the the town to thank us for bring- The Christian Literature So- grandmother directions and left ing books? In our thoughts they ciety of India is working nobly the care of patient and child to stand for the thousands of little at this problem. It was this that her. The fourth day as she folks in the villages all over the enabled us to sell the stories for entered, the older child again land who have learned in the so small a sum, but the need is met her, breathless with excitevillage schools. Leading their great and funds so limited! All ment. "You will have of the cattle to pasture or following the who have lived among the vil- quickness to come. The baby it plough, they are thirsty for lages in India realize this need, is deaded!" Shivering with apstories, hungry for books. If, and are doing what they can. prehension lest the baths be perchance, in the weekly bazaar Still the little ones are longing blamed, the teacher entered the some traveling merchant has for books in every village where cabin. It was dead! The grandbooks among his wares they are there has been a school. mother, crazed by smoking the books for learned pundits, not BEETS AND BABIES vicious drug had been irritated for the humble tiller of the soil by the cry of the child and had and his sons. Yet these villagers By Adela J. Ballard dashed the tiny bundle to the are not wholly without resource, floor with such force that the for when the day's work is done In Ragtown, Colorado, the child died of internal inj uries and the household sits about the beet colony houses provide during the night. A neighbor smoldering fire in the courtyard, homes for some three hundred reported these circumstances to they tell over and over the souls. Not always the same the teacher. Apparently no one stories they have learned and . three hundred, for there is a paid any attention to the grandthose that have been handed constant shift in the population, mother's crazed and remorseful down for hundreds of years but always some of the families ravings. from father to son-stories of have a shadow of a right to claim birds and animals, of ghosts and to have a permanent residence Some spasmodic attempts had demons, of kings and councilors, in the town. been made to create a better en-

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

vironment in this and neighbor- antagonistic. Purposely there to layout the aged granding colonies. A few faithful was no com m u nit y center mother; once it was a request to souls in the town of Eaton have opened. No Mexican will let any the teacher to sell a pair of emalways been the friends of the other human being freeze while broidered pillow slips that the beet worker. The school had at- he has a shack and a few coals wife might raise money to get tempted to have more regular of fire. So the doors were opened the husband out of jail. Somea t ten dan c e. A doctor had to the teacher. Soon changes times it is the struggle to perstruggled with the ignorance began to be noted in the colony suade a mother that onions will and superstition. But there the thinking. not absorb the poison from an inhabitants believed that most abscessed jaw or that "witching" illness came from "evil eye" Lessons were easier after an cannot possibly cause illness. spells and the rest was "air evening spent with the teacher. borne." To enforce sanitary Mothers found she could teach After six months of service all them how to say the troublesome agencies insisted the work must laws was difficult. English words. If a doctor left go on. Most emphatic has been the verdict of the school officials: In September of 1930 it was A TYPICAL "BEET FAMILY" "Never before have we had such decided to make one last attempt regular attendance from the to change conditions. At a meet- an order she could explain and East Side children, or so little ing of the Eaton Luncheon Club, demonstrate how it should be trouble with them. Ragtown is a business men's group, the carried out. The teacher's state- not hopeless ! We must go on." Western Supervisor of Migrant ment, "You do not have to wait As for Ragtown-their approval Work for the Council of Women until you are eight to go to is embarassingly wholehearted, for Home Missions suggested school; I can get you in for the for even a visiting teacher, howthe employment of a visiting good times right now," made ever earnest and friendly, cannot teacher for the period of one school sound like a privilege to accomplish all needful reforms, year-the Council to be re- strive for instead of a punish- but the towns on both sides of sponsible for salary and the com- ment to be evaded. Six-year- the track are working together munity for the expense account. olds began to be seen in the that more of the fullness of life This was decided upon and a school yard instead of in the may come to those who serve the committee appointed to serve in alleys of Ragtown. Not half so economic needs of the comadvisory capacity. This com- much coal was stolen or mischief munity. mittee had in its personnel rep- complained of after the clubs resentatives from the educa- were formed and the tiny two- SUGGESTIONS FOR tional, health, church, medical room cabin fitted up with a stove and club agencies. An executive and chairs. It was too much fun ADAPTING WORLD DAY OF of the Great Western Sugar cooking and playing games and Company was appointed chair- having dramatics. PRAYER PROGRAM man. The distrust died a natural For Senior or Intermediate death long ago. When the Groups Miss Velma McDowell of teacher's car enters the alleys of Greeley was appointed worker. the town the main difficulty is Use the program, "Hold Fast She was just completing her to proceed for each running in Prayer" and consider it as work for her Master's Degree at board sags with children; there six special calls to you. Greeley Teacher's College. A are calls from cabins. The re": major in sociology and a teach- quests are various and startling; Call to Worship (Sections ing experience in a mining com- it may be the bathing of a new 1-3) red; Call to Prayer (secmunity where the workers were born baby, or it may be a request tion 4) orange; Call to Gratilargely foreign speaking, made tude (section 5) yellow; Call her peculiarly fitted for this to Service (sections 8, 9) green; Call to Intelligence work. (sections 6, 7, 10, 11, 13) blue; Call to Responsibility (sec- Colorado laws demand that tions 12, 14-20) violet. children be in school by their eighth year. With the Mexican Six leaders may sit on the beet migrant the two years be- stage with a scarf or costume of tween six and eight are many one of the primary colors, each times the child's only hope of person leading that section of education; after that age the the program. Take your printed child is a financial asset to the leaflet, "Hold Fast in Prayer," parent and the laws are evaded number from 1 to 21 the sections only too successfully. Only given in bold type headings, as friendly persuasion was pos- Organ Music, Call to Worship, sible. The first weeks did little Hymn, Responsive Reading, etc. except form friendly contacts. Then follow these section num- The bootleggers distrusted; the bers as indicated above for the houses of ill fame were openly six leaders.

Let one person tell or read the And pray that other hearts tional University at Peking. story, "The Two Searchers," may pray. Today he occupies a prominent from Mar gar e t Eggleston's -Annie Johnson Flint. place in government counsels book, "Fireside Stories for Girls and in foreign affairs, including in Their 'Teens." A second per- * * >I< the League of Nations.

son follows, stating that others Sometimes we have the im- His father, a Christian pastor have taken up Peter's work and pression that our own country in the primitive village of Poa-a, introducing speakers who give has all the virtue of the world. was supported in his work by spotlights of work accomplished Therefore, it is very well at such the Reformed Church in Amerin the countries of sections 7, 10, a time as this to emphasize the ica through the Amoy mission. 11 and 13. These speakers could contributions of other races and He had six sons, of whom three impersonate native people in cos- peoples. Let striking personali- have been or are university protume. fessors and one is today an in- ties from various lands be pre- ternational influence. *** sented as contributing to the Christian mosaic of the world. Three strands of rope or crepe paper crushed in cord style may This could be connected with the So has the Christian missionbe shown by three persons. closing hymn and prayer in the ary stimulated the intellectual They explain that one is Prayer, leaflet, "Hold Fast in Prayer." life of China. The modernist movement in that land of 400,- the second Money, and the third By Mrs. F. A. Phillips 000,000 souls is a reflex of the Service. A fourth person comes and braids them, reciting the AMOY DECLARES A HUMAN missionary impulse. But by no means have all the minds opened following poem: DIVIDEND thus to Western culture followed Pray-Give-Go The tall American found him- through with Christian training, self under intense scrutiny from and the ultimate trend of Three things the Master hath the young Chinese seated op- China's new life is unpredictable to do posite at a recent Century Club today. dinner to the Commission of the And we who serve Him here League of Nations for study of China at this stage is a chal- below, educational conditions in China. lenge of the most inspiring sort to the faith and fighting spirit And long to see His kingdom Finally-"G 0 0 d eve n i n g. of Christianity-a challenge and come Don't you know me?" said his a priceless opportunity. vis-a-vis. May pray or give or go.

He needs them all-the open hand, "Your face-yes, but I can't A MISSIONARY PRAYER The willing feet, the praying attach the name. Just give my heart. memory a lift won't you please?" I go among unloving hearts: To work together and to replied the tall American. The Lord, go Thou with me there weave And let me breathe Thy love alway, A three-fold cord that shall response was a greeting in Just as I breathe the air. Amoy Chinese. not part. Let each day's hard and thankless task "Oh, now I have you. I knew Nor shall the giver count his your father well twenty-five Be temple-work for Thee, gift years ago," said the American. And every meal communion "Which one of his sons are you And a feast of love to me. As greater than the worker's and what in the world are you deed, May I through all the noisy streets Nor he in turn his service 'doing in New York?" In Thine own peace rejoice, boast "Lecturing at Columbia and And hear above the noise and strife Above the prayers that voice special research work," was the Thy Spirit's still small voice.

the need. reply in Harvard English. "I'm So shall Thy glowing love be lived the fifth son." Ev'n in the common place; Not all can go: not all can And hearts unloving feel the throb give, By this chance reunion Dr. Of Thy rich, seeking grace. Warnshuis picked up the threads To speed the message on its of a life that was in its early -WORLD COMRADES. way. childhood when he left Amoy. Its subsequent record has been THE WILL But young or old, or rich or a brilliant one. First prepar- poor, atory work in the missionary Lord, knowledge is not all I need; high school at Amoy, next a Nor yet a mind intent on truth; Or strong, or weak, we all can course at St. John's University, But strength within to do the deed- pray. The will! the will!

Pray that the gold filled hands may give, Shanghai, then post graduate For often when I know the way, And truth before my eyes is clear, To arm the others for the work at Harvard, and finally, Ashamed I reach the close of day. fray; two years at Leipzig, where he Give me the will. earned his doctor's degree. He That those who hear the call may go, became a professor in the Na- -F. J. MOORE. Peace Through Religion ican children to Filipino children of Nations, that small section of last year. As a result of this Africa is now in line for the The gen~ral unsettlement of project thousands of Filipino overthrow of slavery. economic and political conditions children are looking toward the has caused drastic changes in United States with the light of Among recent revelations is the plans of the American com- friendship in their eyes. the active Arab slave trade from mittee for holding the World Abyssinia into Arabia. A Ger- Conference for International According to the Committee man traveler confirms the report Peace Through Religion, ar- on World Friendship Among that slaves are still "conveyed in ranged for Washington, D. C., in Children, the results are fully large caravan parties and em- November, 1932. Dr. Henry A. as gratifying as those secured by barked secretly on ships for sale Atkinson, general secretary, an- the friendship projects to Japan in Arabia." It is estimated that nounces that this conference is in 1926-27 and to Mexico in 2,000 men and women are sold to be distinctly American. Co- 1928.. Practically every class in every year and that hundreds of operative committees have been every public school received one slaves, especially women, are organized in nearly all large of the 28,000 chests, which the smuggled yearly and sold on the countries. In the Far East the teacher is to keep on her desk eastern side of the Red Sea. movement has made rapid for school papers, while the strides, especially in Japan. 750,000 separate articles in the Active leadership in the anti- chests were distributed to the slavery campaign is found in Dr. Atkinson states that ar- children. England, where for many years rangements have been made for the Anti-Slavery and Aborigines a great mass meeting, represent- Arrangements have been made Protection Society has kept ing nearly all the world reli- for cooperation with Colonel watch of the rights and interests gions, to be held in Geneva in Roosevelt's Porto Rico Child- of native populations in all parts February on the eve of the Feeding Com mit tee during of the world. Disarmament Conference, and March, April and May. Friendchurches throughout the world ship Treasure Chests were the Broadcast to Missionaries will be asked to hold interde- goodwill symbol. Each chest connominational services during the tained articles for school use, Broadcasting station KDKA of winter and send disarmament toys for boys and girls, friend- Pittsburgh is giving the leaders pleas to Geneva. ship letters, and in addition a of the Presbyterian Church, card indicating how many hot U.S.A., an opportunity to broad- The six joint presidents of the lunches were provided by the cast a monthly message to their movement are: Dr. S. Parkes sending group at five cents a missionaries in foreign lands. Cadman, representing American lunch. The time set is each third Satur- Protestants; Dr. Alfred Ein- day evening of the month-up to stein, representing the Jewish Slavery Still Exists March-ll :15 eastern time. The group; Msgr. Ignaz Seipel, min- Presbyterian Church is at work ister of foreign affairs of Aus- Few realize to what an appall- in more fields than any other tria, representing the Catholic ing extent this evil still curses church in the world. group; the Lord Bishop of Liv- the race. It is estimated that erpool, representing the Angli- there are today about 5,000,000 Christian Work for Asiatic cans; Dr. Rabindranath Tagore, slaves in various lands. Disclos- Farmers representing the sects of India; ure of frightful conditions in and Baron Sakatani, member of Liberia last December resulted The visit of Dr. Kenyon L. in the American Secretary of Butterfield to Japan, Korea, the Japanese House of Peers, State informing the Liberian China and the Philippine Islands government that unless the has been most timely. In these representing the Japanese reli- "shocking suppression of na- countries interest in rural work tives" which is "scarcely distin- has greatly increased in recent gions. guishable from slave raiding and years. In Korea, where special slave trading" be abolished, the classes for farmers are being World Friendship Through "friendly feeling which the organized, Dr. Butterfield con- Children American government and peo.,. ferred with the leaders and shared in the training confer- "A half – million sun – tanned pIe have entertained for Libe- ences. The Kingdom of God Movement in Japan and the little faces were wreathed in ria" will be alienated. With Five-Year Movement in China smiles by the presents which added pressure from the League came forth from the 28,000 Friendship Chests" from Amer- [49] both lay much emphasis on ef- fession days in the Sunday gregations worshipping in halls forts to reach the country peo- school. and missions. There are about ple. In the vicinity of Paoting- c. By observing the "Home 400,000 Jews with a religious fu, where the Mass Education Vis ita t ion Evangelism" life highly developed.

Movement under the leadership plan. Continuation in Home Missions of Dr. James Yen and the Liter- d. By holding special evanary Movement of the Churches "There has never been a time have centered their experimen- gelistic m e e tin g s 0 r when the nation needed the intal work, the results achieved preaching missions. spiration and guidance of a comare so successful that people in pelling religious faith more than all parts of China are beginning 3. Conserving Evangelical Re- in the present hour; never a to imitate the methods adopted sults. time when America was in there. Mr. Hubbard, the Ameri- a. By organizing and con- greater need of that spiritual can Board missionary in Pao- ducting a class, one night quality which the churches can, ting-fu, reports that in five each week for a period of if they will, contribute to the life years 29,999 persons have been six weeks, composed of of the nation. enrolled in reading classes, over new members. 7,000 have obtained a diploma of b. By following the members "If, however, the church is to literacy. The church member- who move. be the moral guide of all the ship shows a net increase of 70 c. By integrating the new people, then the various commu- membership into the active nions must heal their divisions, per cent. life of the Church. combine their resources and During the first half of Janu- d. By participation in weekly unite their forces in a construc- giving. tive, cooperative effort to meet aryan institute for country pI"esent-day needs." Such was workers will be held in the Can- 4. Helping the Pastor. the conviction of those who ton area. Then Dr. Butterfield a. In his evangelistic reading. spoke at the Continuation Conwill spend four weeks in the b. In his evangelistic preach- ference of the North American Philippines. From the middle of ing. Home Missions Congress which April to the middle of July he c. In his pastoral work- met in Cincinnati November 9 will be in Japan, where a strong shepherding. committee has arranged to have and 10. a Japanese leader and a mission- Evangelistic Drive for 50,000 This was the first of a series ary accompany him throughout the whole of his stay. Protestant churches of Chi- of "continuation conferences" to cago have entered upon an evan- be held in different parts of the gelistic drive for 50,000 new United States as a follow-up to NORTH AMERICA members which will culminate the North American Home Mis- Plans for Evangelism at Easter. The first meeting of sions Congress held in Washing- this drive was held September ton last year.

A suggested program for the 28. No important phase of mis- year to strengthen evangelism Nearly 600 clergymen repre- sion activity was overlooked.

throughout the churches sug- senting a score of different de- Past failures and present oppor- gests the following essential fea- nominations are engaged in the tunities were presented. The tures: campaign, assisted by leading church has a very definite re- 1. The Deepening of the Spirit- members of their churches. The sponsibility for the immigrant, whole is being directed by Dr. the mountain folk, the Negro, ual Life. Asa J. Ferry, pastor of Edge- the rural sections and cities. a. By enrichment of public water Presbyterian Church and chairman of the Chicago Church But one conviction seemed to worship. Federation's Commission on outweigh all others, namely that b. By more loyal church at- Evangelism. whatever the virtues of denomi- nationalism in the past, it is to- tendance. The recent survey by Dr. H. day hindering the work of the c. By daily devotions. Paul Douglass is quoted to show Church. Churches cost the peo- that there are approximately ple too much because of the The Commission on Evan- tremendous overhead brought gelism is making available 1,800 churches in the area and about by competition. Intelligent to the churches a series of that out of the population of cooperation would go a long way daily devotions from Janu- 3,500,000 in metropolitan Chi- to increase the usefulness of the ary first to Pentecost, May cago, the churches have more than 3,000,000 members. Of Church. 15. these about 2,500,000 are equally The Continuation Conferences d. By placing religious maga- divided between the Catholics will begin this year's series at zines and other Christian literature in the homes.

2. The Winning of Others to and Protestants, the Catholics Indianapolis on January 18th.

Christ. having 380 churches for their Other conferences will be held a. By pas tor s' instruction 1,250,000 adherents and the at Seattle, Portland, Oakland, classes. Pro t est ant shaving 1,300 Berkeley, San Francisco, Los b. By holding decision or con- churches, with numerous con- Angeles and Denver.

OUR WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK

Need Among Coal Miners sions at the Sixth Methodist board, the present status, and The Federal Children's Bu- Ecumenical Conference which the outlook for the future. The reau announces that about 25,- ended its session in Atlanta, figure adopted represents a re- 000 children will have to be fed Georgia, on October 25. Delein the soft coal areas of VVest gates from all parts of the coun- duction of close to five per cent Virginia and Kentucky this try attended. A delegation of u,nder the budget of appropriawinter. 60 or more came from Great Britain. tIons for the current year, or The American Friends Serv- about $200,000. ice Committee (Quakers) have The conference went on recundertaken this task and the ord strongly declaring that the Members of the staff of the Federal Council of Churches of Church should educate for peace, Presbyterian Board of National Christ in America is cooperat- that it should talk peace, should Missions are joining in making ing in the raising of necessary think peace and declared, "VVar funds, food and clothing. A must go or civilization goes." sacrificial gifts from their salanumber of relief stations have already been opened. VVeighing The occasion breathed the ries to the work of the board. the children reveals alarming spirit of brotherhood which expercentages of undernourish- ists in the various branches of Those who have united in this ment. Methodism t h r 0 ugh 0 u t the sacrificial giving include both w 0 1'1 d, numbering 12,000,000 Reports from field workers members and 30,000,000 con- the executive and the clerical tell of the desperate need for stituents, possessing 100,000 clothing. Mothers have made churches and owning $2,000,- staff at headquarters and presclothes for children from flour 000,000 worth of property. byterial and synodical execusacks. Many children are unable tives. to go to school because they have Prayer sessions of the convennot sufficient clothing. tion were an impressive feature. A Woman Pastor in Alaska The adults are also facing Valdez, a town on the coast of starvation unless aid comes. Alaska, has enjoyed some ups The present extreme distress of miners in the bituminous coal and several downs. In 1914 its industry comes from overexpansion of the industry, shrinkage population climbed to 2,100 peoin the market, and oversupply of labor, which have thrown ap- ple, who were attracted by copproximately 100,000 miners out of work. New means of making Protestant Episcopal Growth per mining and salmon cfaismhein~g a living must be found for these but by the time the VVar men and their families and they Alexander B. Andrews, of must have a way to live during its close only 350 were left. Tothe transition period. Raleigh, North Carolina, has put day there are 400 people in the The Federal Children's Bureau into figures the various activiand the President's Committee place, which is ninety miles on Employment turned to the ties of the Protestant Episcopal American Friends Service Com- from the next town. Many of mittee, which, because of their Church in the United States for experience in Europe and in the sea l' e Norwegians and scenes of industrial strife at the fifty years 1881-1930, incluhome, are especially well quali- Swedes, who do not object to fied to engineer this program. sive. The following table reveals cold weather and long winters. Gifts of clothing, food and the growth of the Church by money may be sent to the Amer- A Congregational church was ican Friends Service Committee decades: for Miners, 1515 Cherry Street, organized in 1900 and a building Commu- erected two years later. This Year Clergy nicants has continued to be the only per- 1881 …… " 3,369 344,580 1891 . . . . . . " 4,163 535,573 manent religious organization in 1901. . . . . . .. 5,011 751,156 1911. . . . . . .. 5,543 963,097 the community. Recent years 1921. . . . . . .. 5,987 1,104,029 1930. . . . . . .. 6,290 1,287,431 have brought a high school, a weekly visit from a boat, and an occasional airplane. The present pastor is a woman, Mrs. E. E.

VVhile some years have been Striegel. A member of the slow, the progress of the Church has been continuously upward. church who is now in the States More encouraging than the is showing his loyalty by raising growth in membership even is that in contributions. These the money for a new roof for the have risen from $6,539,927.69 in 1876 to $45,944,896.82 in 1930. building.

National Missions Cuts Budget LATIN AMERICA Of the ten governments in South American countries seven have been changed by revolu- Philadelphia, Pa. (Concerning A budget of appropriations tionary process, the administrafood shipments write to 20 for the year 1932-1933 amount- tions of two of them have been South Twelfth Street, Phila- ing to $3,915,000 was approved altered without revolution, but delphia.) by the Presbyterian Board of by action of the electorate which The Methodist Ecumenical National Missions at its semi- was almost revolutionary in Convention annual meeting held in Ashe- character. Of the heads of the ville, North Carolina, October 28 States with whom President Important pronouncements on and 29. Action on the budget Hoover conferred before his ininternational and church ques- followed a thorough review of auguration in 1928, not a single tions were made during the ses- the financial history of the one is now in office. Such facts

indicate the strain and difficulty The creation of these colonies In two years and a half reof the problems which the South and agricultural centers will quests for literature numbered American countries, together bring to the door of the evan- 842, from 120 cities and villages with other nations of the world, gelical churches new fields of in seven states. Of these 162 have been facing, and we will opportunity. The church should joined the reading club and read hope and pray that the coming be ready to furnish religious in- over 400 books. year will bring larger measures struction for the children of of order, freedom and pros- these communities and to aid EUROPE perity. them in the establishment of permanent religious centers. A British Crisis Disturbs Churches New Bishop for Mexico large percentage of the families who will avail themselves of The financial crisis is disturb- The new suffragan bishop of these opportunities will be mem- ing the work of the churches in Mexico, the Right Rev. Efrain bers of the evangelical churches. many ways, some of them quite Salinas, on Sunday, October 25, From the very beginning of the unexpected. The Foreign Miswas inducted into office and con- work in Puerto Rico the rural si(')nary Committee of the Wesfirmed his first class, five girls districts have been deeply inter- 1eyan Methodist Church decided from Hooker School. The long ested in the Gospel and the on reductions in the salaries service, all in Spanish, was held strongest influences for the both of the office staff in London in the Church of San Jose de church have come from the and of the missionaries on the Gracia in Mexico City. Bishop country. field. It was said to be quite Salinas has been assigned the impossible to estimate as yet the oversight of all the Mexican mis- Newspaper Evangelism in Brazil effect of the departure from the sions of the Protestant Episco- gold standard upon the income pal Church. Peter G. Baker, superintend- and expenditures of the Mission- ent of Collegio Americano, ary Society, but it was certain Hard Times in Guatemala Bahia City, Brazil, has been a that great fluctuations in ex- leader in bringing the Christian change would be felt, especially There are hard times in Gua- message to the influential classes in China. The hope was extemala as in other places. The in Latin America. For some pressed that the present ecolow price of coffee, the principal time he found it difficult to reach nomic distress would not be export crop of Guatemala, is one or interest them. allowed to dry up the spring of of the principal causes, though liberality at home. there are others, of course. But "Small advertisements," the fact is, there are many with- writes Mr. Baker, "were placed – The Churchman. out employment amI business is in the daily papers announcing worse than at a standstill. that Christian literature would Indian Visit of Christian be sent free to anyone who Friendship In spite of the lack of work would send his name and adand low wages, the congregation dress. Upon receipt of the re- A preliminary meeting was has kept on giving loyally to the quest for literature a package held recently by the Conference Lord's work out of their pov- of tracts was sent, accompanied of British Missionary Societies erty. Four home missionaries by a letter offering the reader in connection with an invitation are sustained each month in the privilege of becoming a which has been sent to the country districts besides the member of a Reading Club with Christian Church in India to large work done at home. Lib- the right to borrow books from send some of its members on a eral contributions are made for the circulating library. Among visit of Christian friendship to the poor and sick, also. Truly, the books listed were the Bible, Great Britain in the autumn of hard times often show up the New Testament, biographies, next year. Emphasis was laid real character of those who have books for Bible study, books of on the fact that the purpose of professed Christ. sermons or articles on religious the visit of four or five Indian subjects, and stories which teach Christians, under the leadership, -Presbyterian Mission. great moral truths or point to it is expected, of Dr. Azariah, Christ. A club member could Bishop of Dornakal, was that Evangelism and Puerto Rican keep a book for one month and these members of one of the Farmers then return it at his own ex- younger Christian Churches in pense. When a club member had the East, should share with the Eight hundred and fifty farms read four or five books and rank and file of the churches in have been assigned during the shown interest a letter was sent England their own Christian exlast year to small owners and to him asking if he desired to perience, and thus stimulate the two hundred and thirty homes accept Christ and prepare him- spiritual life in Great Britain. to laborers. The government self for membership in the evanhas also contracted for 10,208 gelical church. A decision card The traveling expenses of the acres of land that will be actual- accompanied the letter, which visitors is being raised by the ly purchased as soon as money he could sign and return." Indian Christian churches themis available. The project calls selves. The imagination of these for the division of this estate churches has been extraordiinto 2,176 small farms. narily stirred by the scheme.

OUR WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK

Spain's New Charter speaking people from Poland, United States where they have Ukrainia and the Border States acquired money, education, and The Constitutional Cortes of there are approximately one mil- have been converted to Protest- Republican Spain adopted its lion of these people in France. antism. It is estimated that new Constitution on December Twelve Protestant missionaries there are now 200,000 evanfirst. It is a unique document have regular Russian meetings gelicals in a total population of designed to transform a feudai in fifteen centres. The majority 43,000,000. monarchy into a progressive of the refugees belong to the modern state. educated upper classes. An Twice in six months the Pope evangelical church has been es- has protested that "the Lateran The document includes equal tablished with about 100 mem- Treaty and Concordat are being suffrage for men and women bers and the work is growing. infringed by non-Catholic and over twenty-three, equality of Last year the missionaries made anti-Catholic proselytizing in both sexes, a single-chambered Italy and especially in Rome." Parliament, property laws mak- about 850 visits outside their He further complains that Proing possible the nationalization centres and distributed some testant proselytizing has not of property and essential indus- 100,000 Russian Gospels and ceased since 1870, but grows tries, divorce by mutual consent, tracts and over 1,700 Russian greater, "with offence to the and the equality of legitimate Bibles and New Testaments divine founder of the Catholic and illegitimate children. were sold or given away. Church and harmful effect upon men's souls." The Constitution disestab- Dr. George Hunter of Long lishes the Catholic Church as the Beach, California, writes of his -Alliance Weekly. state religion and declares Spain visits to the Russian refugees in to be a "secular" state. Paris: "In the large congrega- A City "Without God"

The Cortes not only voted to tion of Russians at the mission Unable to destroy religion and terminate the age-old union of hall of Rev. George Urban were the Christian Church effectively church and state but to cease Russian officers' wives, and for- where it has once flourished, the paying priests from public mer generals' widows, and my "'Society of the Godless," with funds, to take ov,er control of most attentive listener seemed to the official backing of Soviet education, to expel any religious be the Bishop of the Russian authorities, will build in Russia, orders which did not comply Orthodox Church." in the vicinity of Nischni-Novwith certain regulations-this gorod, an entirely new city for clause was aimed at the Jesuits George Urban, the superin- about 30,000 laborers in which -and to seize church property tendent of the Russian Gospel there is to be no trace of reliunder certain circumstances. Movement, has visited the Rus- gious life. The city is to consist The Vatican protested against sians in Marseilles, the French of forty immense communal these articles, but took no Riviera, Lyon and Savoie, and houses, according to the Posener further action, announcing that found a number of earnest Z eitungsdienst, equipped with it would wait and see how the seekers, including a baroness club rooms, lecture halls, motion articles were enforced before with her nephew. pictures, gymnasiums, libraries undertaking to exert any greater and dining rooms. On each floor pressure on the new republic. Professor John Neprash, a there is to be an information A few clerics as individuals at- well known Russian evangelical table for answering questions tempted to stir up the people leader, the representative in about the non-religious life. Two against these articles but they America of the All-Russian Bap- periodicals, The Godless and The were expelled or jailed. tist Union, recently conducted a Godless at the Work Bench, are fruitful twelve days campaign to be distributed freely. In the The Cortes also antagonized in the Russian Gospel hall at meeting rooms a member of the the church by providing for di- "Salle Pleyel," in Paris. Society of the Godless is to be in vorce and taking jurisdiction attendance at all times for antiover martial affairs out of the Protestant Status in Italy religious consultation. Anti-relihands of ecclesiastical courts. gious lectures and classes are to A summary of Protestantism be presented every fifth day. Another clause provides for in Italy shows that the Waldenseizure of the great estates to be sians have 150 parishes and sta- AFRICA divided among the peasants. tions. English Anglicans and Church dignitaries criticized Presbyterians have churches In a Moslem Stronghold this article as bearing especially wherever there may be a British heavily on the church. colony. German Lutherans and Dr. R. H. Bland, working in French Calvinists also have es- Omdurman for the Church Mis- Gospel for Russians in France tablished churches. The Bap- sionary Society, says that years tists, Methodist Episcopal, and of modern education seem to The Russian Gospel Move- Wesleyan Methodist have serv- have brought to the Sudanese ment, an independent "Faith ices in Italian, the pastors but little realization of his duty Mission," works among the hun- mostly Italian. Many of th·e to his neighbor. The "man of dreds of thousands of Russian Protestant churches in Southern means" who hires a taxi to drive refugees in France and Belgium. Italy have been established by Together with other Russian- emigrants returning from the

to the mission hospital still shuts their 75,000 children and in gen- and he was conducted to the up his daughters at the age of eral upon this manifestation of sanatorium by another of the eight or nine to marry them, at the gesta Dei per Francos. A sheikhs of the Mosque of llaska a price, a few years later to hus- little book on "The Creative at Jerusalem in a miserable state bands they know nothing of and Work of French Protestant Mis- of health. After ten months'

have never seen. The govern- sions in South Africa" has been stay he is already in excellent ment clerk who wears a neat written by the French Consul- condition and will once more white shirt and European shoes, General in London, M. Goirand, take up his post in the Mosque probably living in a brick house who was formerly French Con- of Omar.

with electric light and telephone, sul at Johannesburg, where he Sheikh 11 Ansary and the still provides only a little mud came in contact with the French Chief Sheikh of the Mosque and room at the back for his women- missionaries among the Basuto. the key keeper of the Church of folk. Workers in hospitals and Catholic by birth, M. Goirand the Holy Sepulchre recently vis- schools are trying to show the was entirely unaware of Prot- ited the sanatorium.

Sudanese the Gospel of love estant mission work until he Another interesting case is through Jesus Christ. At this came upon these missions in that of 'Sheikh Ali, the son of mission hospital in Omdurman South Africa. He was so amazed Sheikh Mirza, the most famous some 3,500 patients are treated at what he saw that he obtained and m 0 s t important Shiite every month. authorization from the Ministry sheikh in the world. He came Revival in East Africa of Foreign Affairs to pay this from Persia accompanied by two other great ones and was led to A revival broke out recently public tribute to a work little Dr. Nucho's house by Sheikh among the native Christian known to the French people in Abd-ul-Hussein, who is in turn groups in Portuguese East Afri- general. Recently a Roman Cath- the leading 'Shiite sheikh in ca, led entirely by native speak- olic, Fellow of the University of Syria. France, on a traveling scholarers but watched by the missionaries with earnest interest. Miss ship in Asia and Africa, paid his All the Shiites in the world Craig of the American Board tribute to this mission in the will be grateful to the Presbytetells of two boys starting off on form of a lecture on Protestant rian Mission for the existence of missions among the Basuto, de- the Hamlin Memorial Sanatoan evangelistic trip through livered before the Association of rium when Sheikh Ali leaves in wild country, with buffalo and French Geographers. leopards abounding, speaking perfect health by next summer with the people they meet on the -South African Outlook. and returns to his father Sheikh Mirza in the land of Persia. way or in the kraals. At the end WESTERN ASIA -Dr. N. Nucho. of the month these lads had Freedom in Turkey Turning to Christ in Persia talked with 1,338 people, and at least thirty-five declared they A good many despotic rulers A young Persian who was would turn from their sins and at one time and another have about to leave his home in Ham- sensed a relationship between adan to labor in the oil fields of follow Christ. "Fifty new members also Christianity and the itch for po- the south, told a Presbyterian joined the Church at a great litical liberty. Even the modern missionary he had not yet made service in Angola," writes Miss Turk seems to have discovered up his mind whether to remain Florence Malcolm of the Ameri- the same truth. L. Levonian a Moslem or become a Christian. can Board. "The week previous, writes: "In a book recently The missionary suggested that the villagers came from all di- translated and published in he take with him a Koran and a rections carrying their goods on Istanbul by an eminent Turk- Gospel, read a little of each their heads – a sleeping mat, a ish writer I saw these lines: every day and pray God to guide basket of meal and cooking uten- 'Nations following the laws of him to the truth. Not long after, sils. Sunday afternoon the cor- Brahma, Buddha and Moham- the Persian wrote from the oil nerstone of the new hospital was med have learned nothing but fields that he had found the laid, and Dr. Cushman and her despotism. Modern liberty is the truth and wanted to be baptized. assistants will soon have an ade- fruit lot the Gospel.' Think of a There is an increasing demand quate building and equipment to Moslem translating and publish- for the services of nurses who have studied at the Nurses' carryon their splendid work." ing these things !" Training School at Tabriz. The French Missions Honored Famous Shiekhs at a Mission school is a mission institution The Academie Francaise has Sheikh Yusuf, of the Sunni and prepares nurses for both awarded to the Society of Evan- Moslem sect, came to the Hamlin private work and for other mis- gelical Missions the Prix de . Mission Hospital in Syria from sion hospitals.

Vertu and a gift of ten thousand the most famous and most holy Fiske Seminary for Girls at francs. M. Barthou, in making place in the Moslem world next Rezaieh reports that for the first the award, dwelt on the devotion to Mecca itself. Being a sheikh time in the history of the school of the missionaries, the martyr- did not save him from becoming more Moslem students than doms, the 1,300 schools with a victim of the "white plague," Christians enrolled.

OUR WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK

INDIA, BURMA AND CEYLON have identified themselves with the suggestion that Dr. Kagawa the masses in the national strug- shoul~ be invited to come to India for Christian Minorities gle for independence. At the a serIes of evangelistic meetings· the same time non-Christians realize splendid ex;ample of Burma and, a:bove The Christians in India form the peculiar position in which a~l, t~e :VIdespread feeling that the one of the minority communi- Indian Christians are placed in tIme IS rIpe for a united endeavor to ties. Five million are not very their relationship to foreign mis- carry the evangel with all the weight many alongside of three hun- sions, and they recognize that of the Christian resources of the dred and fifty million, but the the vast majority of them are Council to the mind and heart of engaged in nation-building ac- Indi:,. The Committee was one in retwo large communities in India tivities. The time is now come solvmg that elaborate organization have acknowledged the right of for making it clear to the coun- should be avoided and that reliance the Christians in India to both try and to the Indian Christians from first to last must be upon God. speak and be heard. ~uch has themselves what the rightful A~o~g the beaten track of prayer, the been said regarding the safe- place of the Indian followers of mmIstry; o.f th~ word, the living of guards necessary to guarantee Jesus Christ should be in the the ChrIstIan hfe, the expression of to the various minorities the en- new India that is in the making. th~ C?ristian spirit, the fearless apjoyment of their ordinary rights The lead of the National Chris- pl!cat~on of the Christian epic, the under a national government. tian Council in this matter will wIdenmg range of fellowship and the VVe have never considered such be very opportune. adventure of faith, the steps of the safeguards necessary. VVhatever Son of God are most likely to be may be said for or against safe- -Po O. Philip. found and the authentic voice of His guarding financial interest or in- Spirit most clearly heard. . . . ternational relationships, we feel Shall Christianity Be . The first step should be to seek the that no service can be rendered Nationalized? mterest and cooperation of all the India by attempting, in a writ- Christian forces. The whole line must ten constitution, to safeguard Mr. Jamaluddin, principal of advance. To this end the help of the rights of any group within the Boys' High School in Jullun- church and mission councils, Christian India itself. VVe believe the pro- dur, a station manned entirely colleg~s, 9hristian journals, laymen's nouncement of many Christian by Indians, voices the plea that orgamzatIOns and mterdenominationbodies on this subject as not de- India needs not a westernized al societies should be invited. siring any specific safeguards, is Christ: a favorable omen. VVhen all is The movement must reach all secsaid and done, conditions in the "As the Gospel was first tions of the community. It is there- India of the future must rest preached in the Orient by VVest- fore imperative that an endeavor be with the citizens of this land, ern missionaries, it was perhaps made not only to preach the Christian and we believe further that the inevitable that Christ should message but to bring its principles to legitimate rights and interests come first in VVestern dress, es- bear on rural, industrial, social and of any minority will be perfectly pecially since Indian pantheism, other problems. . . . secure in the keeping of the ma- Indian formalism and Indian jority groups. idolatry could not easily be util- The place of prayer must be funda- ized for Christian thought or mental. . . . The movement calls -The Indian Witness. Christian worship. Paul and for a deepening of spiritual life. It other leaders of the New Testa- is therefore urged that retreats and ,Religious Liberty ment indicate that Christianity, conferences, particularly in the inter- which is a universal religion, ests of pastors, should be held wher- In view of the important issues will adapt itself to special na- ever possible. raised about the right of foreign tional characteristics in every missionaries to carryon their nation without setting up a sep- The fullest possible use should be activities, it is gratifying to arate national form in any." made of Christian literature. learn that the National Christian Council of India has appointed A Call to Evangelism The Committee calls upon its brethan influential committee to study ren everywhere to take up the minthe whole subject of religious The National Christian Coun- istryof intercession. liberty. This committee has been cil Review for June, 1931, recharged with the responsibility ports a deepening interest in the Indians Sending Out of preparing a statement mak- all-important matter of evangel- Missionaries ing clear what the place of the ism. At its meeting in April the Christian Church is in the life of subject had a central place.. The Secretary of the Internathe community and the service it tional ~issionary Council has is called upon to render in the Some of the relevant considerations India of today. There has been were: the resolution of the Central written to inquire if the Naa tendency among Indian Chris- Conference of the Methodist Episcopal tians to consider themselves as a Church inviting the Council to inau- tional Missionary Society of'Inspecial community like the Mos- gurate a forward movement in evangelems and to demand special priv- lism and pledging cooperation; the dia would cooperate in a scheme ileges and safeguards. Very few Kingdom of God Movement in Japan and the similar movement in China; of missionary work for Indian settlers in Kenya and Uganda in East Africa. A doctor full of evangelistic zeal has already of- fered her full-time service to help these Indians. She is very anxious that alongside of her ministrations there should be established work by two Indian Christian missionaries in the places mentioned above. A group of friends deeply interested in this proposal are prepared to find £300 per year to help Indian

missionaries to go and work of the Brethren, and the Society cause it is necessary to present a there. Financially the Society of Friends. united front in non-Christian counmay not be able to subsidize this tries. undertaking, but the scheme ap- It was agreed that negotiapeals to us very much, as the t ion s for a comprehensive "Burma for Christ" Movement time has come for the Christians church union in Northern India of India to go out to other lands should proceed. In church polity The Burma Christian Council and share with them that have there should be congregational through its Evangelistic Comnot the "unsearchable riches of liberty in the life and activity of mittee has called the Church to the Gospel of Christ." Our com- the local church; responsibility a vision of God's purpose for mission is, "Go to all the world for government should vest in Burma. The movement, which and preach the Gospel to every synods or representative coun- was reported in our June num- cils, with clerical and lay mem- ber, is not meant to be a spascreature." bers; and there should be super- modic effort, but it calls for a intendents or bishops. Several fresh outlook which, begun in -National Missionary delegates emphasized the neces- penitence and prayer, continued Intelligencer. sity of avoiding the term "his- in faith and perseverance, shall toric episcopate." regenerate in the Church of To Begin Work in India Burma that spirit which thrills The conference thought that a through the pages of the Acts of The General Convention of the South India scheme in its pres- the Apostles. Protestant Episcopal Church at ent form was not quite adequate its recent meeting responded to to the needs of North India, but The bulletin of the movement, the call from India to open work desired a conference to consider which was inspired largely by in the 'Singareni area in the the principles to be adopted in the movements in China and Province of Hyderabad. This the formation of a united church Japan, mentions three general area comprises three counties for India. principles on which the movewith a population of about three ment ought to be based: hundred thousand people and is Meantime steps are being taken part of a vast rural area in the in the direction of a smaller 1. The "Burma for Christ" movedominions of the Nizam of Hy- union between the Methodist ment should work in and through the derabad. Bishop Azariah of Episcopal Church, the English Churches, extending to every Chris- Dornakal believes that a sepa- Baptist community, and the tian, and finally reaching the millions rate diocese can be erected in the United Church of Northern beyond. Nizam's dominions within a few India. years. The Singareni area is a 2. The movement is not a pugnaciregion in which both the Church Union in South India ous challenge to other religions, but of England and the American seeks to see God's Spirit leading them Methodists have been maintain- Last October there was held in on to fulfilment in Christ. ing mission work. In the interest of comity and consolidation, Vel1ore, South India, the general 3. The movement must be comprethe Methodists have withdrawn. hensive, seeking to touch all races, assembly of the South India working in all areas, employing vari- The Church in the Diocese of eties of method, and aiming at estab- Dornakal has for several years United Church, which is the re- lishing the Kingdom of God in all faced the danger of being over- relationships of life. whelmed by the number of peo- sult of a union between the Conple who have turned to it for gregational, Presbyterian and Stress is laid on the need for the fulfillment of their spiritual other non-episcopal churches of every Christian to catch the hopes and longings. There has South India. The negotiations vision of God's purpose, to be an not· been sufficient staff to pre- for church union, for which agent of that purpose, and to pare properly the many candi- South India has become famous, pray. dates for baptism and confirma- have been going on between this tion. United Church, the Anglican At the annual meeting of the Church and the Wesleyan Meth- Burma Christian Council (July Plans are in progress for se- odist Church. The retiring pres- 28th to 30th) the greater part curing American missionaries ident of the assembly, Mr. J. V. of the time was given to considand funds for the work. Chelliah, in his address said: eration of and planning for the movement. A letter from the North India Church Union It has been pointed out that Lam- secretary says: beth 1930 took a retrograde step and A Round Table Conference on went back on some of the fundamen- During the coming year we recom- Church Union was held at Delhi tal concessions made in 1920. Even mend that the emphasis be placed at which representatives were conceding the truth of this, it does upon deepening the spiritual lives of present from the Anglican not at all affect our position here. the Christians of Burma. There are Church, the United Church of The problem of union is much more signs that the Christian forces of the North India, the Methodist Epis- difficult to solve owing to the in- Province are beginning to focus upon copal and Wesleyan Churches, grained prejudices of centuries. We this task of evangelism. There is a the English Baptists, the Church should not wait till the churches in very general and hearty response…. the west make their adjustments. In the matter of union the initiative lies A Karen is joint secretary. We with the churches in the mission field, hope to see the whole thing more in- partly because there are fewer preju- digenous. We are very much en- dices to contend with, and partly be- couraged, and feel that the founda- tions are being laid strong, wide and deep, and that the response promises much for the future.

OUR WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK

Government Request Mission in North Shansi in capital" of the radical govern- ment and a hotbed of anti-Chris- The Siamese government has which he said: ' tian agitation. asked the Presbyterian Mission to evangelize a certain section in "We Catholics have a greater eastern Siam. In reply the Siamese National Church' sent responsibility in China today A Chinese Pastor's Impressions its first missionary family to that t,erritory. With the evan- than ever before, because you Rev. Tom J ung, pastor of a gelist were two prominent Siamese pastors to help look over the Protestants have neglected your Chinese Presbyterian Church in situation. They camped in an open shed, but for a short time emphasis upon the saving power San Francisco, has visited China only, for the government officials invited them to stay at the Gov- of Jesus Christ, and you are so after more than 30 years conernor's house. The government at Bangkok had sent a telegram busily engaged in good works of tinuous residence in the United to the officials asking them to treat the Siamese missionaries education, social service, medical States. He tells some of his imwith all courtesy. relief and other activities, that pressions in The Missionary CHINA too few of you give full time to Messenger. A Challenging Statement the preaching of the Gospel of "When I arrived at my home Mr. L. M. Outerbridge honorary agricultural secretary of the Jesus." village I found my people all idol China International Famine Relief Commission, tells of a chal- Reject Registration of St. John's worshipers, and exceedingly sulenging statement made to him University by Chow Kwo Hsien, former perstitious. As I watched them Chinese envoy at Ottawa. Dur- The Chinese Nationalist goving eight years in America he ernment has refused to permit I felt as Paul in Athens when had sought the reason which St. John's University and Middle prompted the people of America School, Shanghai, to register he saw the city wholly given to to share Iiber,ally of their men and money with China's with a statement of Christian idolatry. One day I told the peonee.d in ~ducation, hospitals, purpose. After much study of socIal serVIce and famine re- the question of registration ple I wanted to tear down a Joss lief; for sending gifts to a Bishop Grayes of the Protestant land never seen is unknown in Episcopal Church, and the coun- Hou~e and build a library. Chinese history. He was satis- cil of advice had finally agreed fied that in America was a suffi- to the application, provided it Agamst some opposition this ciently large number of people contained the statement of motivated by the spirit of Christ Christian purpose and other was done. In this library I to have created a public mind, safeguards as laid down by the ready to share with others in National Council of the Church. placed the Bible and other Chrisneed. Said he: The application was accordingly sent in, but has now been re- tian literature. Now some of As Christians, you have accomplished jected, both because of this wonders in helping China solve her those Joss worshipers have beproblems, but you have failed to give statement and because the uni- China the dynamic power that enables versity includes a school of come God worshipers. your country to rise to our need. We theology. do not need your money as much as "Another day I called the peowe need this same spirit of Jesus Dr. F. L. Hawkes Pott, presiwhich has made your country great. dent of the university, reports ple together and said to th eymO~ You missionaries lean over backward that although no public an- 'How foolish and ignorant in being willing to hide your Christian Gospel if it is not welcomed, but nouncement was made of the en- are! You spend the money to until through your efforts the thought trance examinations, there were of China shall be permeated by the many applicants, with the result worship idols. Why do you not personality of Jesus, China will not that six hundred and two stube able to accomplish social reforms de,nts enrolled in the college and spend your money to educate for herself. mIddle school, an increase over the preceding year. your children?' Then I opened Mr. Outerbridge also tells of a conversation with the Father a school with 38 pupils. I Superior of a Belgian Catholic wished to show them that idols are useless things.

"The change I found in China was very great. China has im- proved very much, and I believe when the time comes China will become a Christian nation."

Need for Missionaries Two Baptisms in Hankow "The one thing that has struck me so far," writes an Two prominent young men, English missionary recently ar- returned students and now oc- rived in North China, "is the tremendous opportunity for mis- cupying important positions in sionades out here and the ter- Hankow, have recently been rible handicap we suffer through lack of numbers. Another half- baptized as Christians. One of dozen ministers would make all the diffeTence, as the work could these was Mr. Yang Chung then be better co-ordinated and much that is now done by cer- Chen, prominent banker, and tain men, because there is no one else to do it, could be handed the other was Mr. C. K. Hthu~ over to specialists, leaving the commissioner of finance of others free to get on with their Wuhan municipality. Both men own jobs.

sought baptism on their own "The present staff is really splendid and one can have noth- initiative. Less than five years ago Hankow was the "national

ing but admiration for the quiet has been accorded to the relief who is well known throughout way they set about their work, organizations. the empire. Morinaga's chocoften cut off completely from olates, candies and cakes are other foreigners. The Chinese Negotiations are in process to eaten by the children in Japan pastors also seem to be real secure credits or long-term loans and his advertisements flank spiritual men with a very high to meet the costs of colonization, every railway in the Far East. standard." as was done in the case of earlier He was a once a Christian but migrations of Mennonites and retired his faith to make a for- Russian Christian Refugees Lutherans to Canada and Brazil. tune. The recent death of his In the meantime, funds have wife brought Mr. Morinaga to a The evangelical refugees from been sent to the American Con- crisis, and he is now a familiar Russia who are now at Harbin, sul at Harbin so that the im- figure in Tokyo pulpits where he China, awaiting transportation mediate needs of the refugees speaks usually on the theme, to permanent homes in either may be met. "The chief of sinners, 1." He North or South America, con- has just given all his workers a sist of about 700 to 800 Men- JAPAN-CHOSEN copy of the New Testament. nonites, some 400 Lutherans, and smaller numbers of other Christians for Forty Years Japanese Christian Graphic creeds. Many of them have been living at Harbin for eigh- In the City Hall in Osaka, An innovation in Christian teen or nineteen months, sup- Japan, there was a gathering of publications is the newly anported by their denominational all Christians, and those who nounced Japanese Christian relief organizations, but the had been Christians for more Graphic, of which Rev. Michio large sum necessary to bring than forty years were asked to Kozaki, well known Tokyo them to America and give them stand; there were sixty-seven. pastor, is editor-in-chief. Suffia fresh start in life, has not been Sixteen had been Christians for cient printed matter is given to available. To date, the available fifty years or more. One of our explain and arouse interest in funds are not more than $20,000. churchmen was baptized fifty- various presentations of Chris- With $25,000 in hand it would six years ago. Bishop Naide, tianity at work in the world. be possible to charter a steamer the Bishop of Osaka, was bap- The first issue was of 25,000 and get the refugees out of the tized forty-five years ago. copies, 8 pages, and we are told danger zone, and thus give the it is to be monthly at an annual relief agencies time to raise the Protestant Christian Forces subscription rate of 25 cents, rest of the money, $150,000, es- special rates on quantity orders timated needed. Rev. Hiroshi Hatanaka in his for evangelistic purposes. address at the Congregational The agencies now at work meeting in Seattle gave some in- The New Korean are: the International Red teresting statistics concerning Cross, the Nansen Refugee Com- the Protestant Christian forces "Devotion, patience, sanitamission, the Central Bureau for at work in education and in tion, trust and hope are now the Relief of the E van gel i c a I church activities. There are 12 custom of the Koreans in con- Churches of Europe, the Ameri- Christian universities and col- trast to the utter waste of rice can Mennonite Central Relief leges for men; 11 for women; 18 and other products, disease, Committee, the Canadian Men- boys' high schools with 10,124 starvation of the days prior to nonite Relief Committee, the pupils, 36 girls' high schools the coming of the missionary. Lutheran World Convention and with 14,317 students; there are They are noted tithers, devoting the American Friends Service 2,000 teachers in these schools. daily the tenth of the rice for Committee. Christian kindergartens number the average day's meals. This 257 with 12,045 children. practice has installed in the The Chinese aut h 0 r i tie s Korean a desire to save; he is bethreatened to deport the Harbin Among government and other coming thrifty, industrious, law refugees back into Russia unless universities and colleges 144 abiding, and a real help in the measures were taken to get them have student Christian organiza- support of the church." away. Not only are the refugees tions. There are 116 institutions greatly in the way in the already for Christian social welfare -Mrs. Wm. B. Dickson in The much overcrowded city, but they work, and over 200 Christian pe- Presbyterian Advance. are embarrassing China's trade riodicals are published. The relations with the Soviet govern- number of Protestant churches Sowing by the Wayside ment, which looks with disfavor is 1,760; the number of Proteson this harboring of its "crim- tant Christians is 170,303; the Recently I he a r d from a inals" by a friendly power. total contributions for the year Korean pastor the following Through the good offices of the 1929 were Y2,402,100. story. When Rev. George Winn Chinese delegate to the League first came to Chosen he was of Nations, an extension of time -Missionary Herald. located at Fusan. He was going beyond the date originally set alonga high mountain trail when for deportation-October first- A Christian Business Man Christian circles in Japan are thankful for the return of a man

OUR WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK

he came upon an elderly Korean The boy said: "I believe in members to read the Scriptures. man carrying a load of wood. God, Tooan." Among the Moros, where Dr. Mr. Winn being a strong young Frank Laubach has introduced man, offered to carry the load. "Is that all?" asked the officer. a new simple method of learning The man finally yielded to this to read, six thousand of these strange request from this the "Oh, no!" said the boy. "I people have become literate strange foreigner. Mr. Winn believe in Jesus, God's Son, the within the past year. In five carried the load until he reached one who says, 'Come unto me!' years it is hoped to make this the place where the ways parted. I used to believe in Dyak idols entire non-Christian province Here he returned the load to the and spirits. Many offerings of one hundred per cent literate. man, who thanked him for the food we gave to the idols, and This will open the Bible to the help he had given. Mr. Winn often stuffed rice and tobacco in children of Islam. The Daily told him that that was nothing, the dead skulls which used to Vacation Bible School has been taking the opportunity to add hang in our home. But now we extended in at least one province that the man had a much greater all believe in the living God, and to include removing what is perburden of sin which Jesus had we have Bible pictures in our haps the greatest barrier to efcome to bear for him if he would home, and a kitab (a Bible)." fective molding of child life by but let him. The two men converting ignorant parents into parted. Unevangelized Tribes Mission allies, rather than opponents of of Borneo, (1287 Spring St., Christianity. Some years later at a Bible Muskegon, Michigan). class for men, a Korean told this -Philippine Presbyterian. story ending by saying, "I am Surprises in Formosa that man. I accepted Jesus as Tahiti Christians my Saviour, and have always Rev. E. H. Edwards quotes wished to thank the man who from a letter written by an Eng- Most of the Tahitians have reintroduced me to the great Bur- lish Presbyterian missionary in mained loyal to their Protestant den Bearer, but as all foreigners Formosa. teaching, largely owing to their look alike to me I do not know knowledge of the Bible, and skill which of the missionary teachers God is always surprising us with in using it. In the Society here may be that man." Roscoe new signs that He is working. One Islands alone are found 20,000 C. Coen. new thing is to stir us up to make a Protestants, 4,000 of whom are start in carrying the Gospel to the communicants. In the Mar- THE PACIFIC ISLANDS savages of this island. The revolt of quesas Islands there are about 1,500 savages in November of last 1,500 Roman Catholics and 500 Light in Borneo Darkness year, when they massacred over 120 Mormons. In the Paumotu Japanese and others, has made us feel Islands there are perhaps 4,000 At the mission station all is that we must take the Gospel to them Roman Catholics and 1,500 Morquiet except at the boys' hut and without further delay. We have writ- mons. the millions of forest insects ten home urging our Society to praising the Lord in the only enable us to begin work at once, and We were taken to see the way they know. Somewhere not they seem determined to do it. fine self-supporting s c h 0 0 I s far off there is a roadside meet- where 300 girls (45 being boarding on the highways and byways Formosa, opposite the Prov- ers) and 250 boys (27 boarders) where the news of salvation ince of Fukien, formed a part of are given a general education in must be brought. After work- the Chinese Empire until 1895, French. A seminary with 9 stuing on the roads and bridges all when it was ceded to Japan. dents is entirely supported by day the Dyaks rest in temporary Christian missions began there the churches. shanties at night. They gladly about 1858. leave their rice pots to gather There are 22 churches and 13 around the evangelist to hear of Teaching Filipinos to Read pastors on the Islands of Tahiti Jesus and his love to them. Now and Moorea alone. Indeed, all we hear the distant sound of The problem of making the the activities of the mission, heathen worship penetrating Philippines measurably literate whether in church, school or the air. Somewhere is a sick has been the subject of much press, are self-supporting and one, a native priest bending over concern by educational and po- are willingly sustained by the the suffering one with charms, litical leaders. In spite of the Tahitian Christians. We cannot dancing and offering gifts and excellent public school system but admire the sterling charcalling to the evil spirits to have and the good intentions of gov- acter and perseverance of those mercy, to leave the body of the ernment leaders, approximately descendants of the Hugenots, suffering one. fifty per cent of.the population who carryon so well the fine remains illiterate, and the same work whose foundations were Not so long ago a district of- proportion of the children of laid broad and deep by the ficer of West Borneo, who is a school age have no school privi- L. M. S. believer, asked a mission boy: leges. The great need is for an incentive both to learn and to Alexander M. Allan, of "Little Dyak boy, what do you teach. This phase of the mis- Bogota, Colombia. believe?" sionary problem requires the co- operation of native workers. The strength of the Church de- pends upon the ability of its

Interesting Movements In Japan QUOTED FROM THE Japan Christian Quarterly The Crisis Before the Church turned the world upside down." Religious Freedom and Shrines One of the disturbing features If the Christian church were to When Shinto was declared to of the present situation is that stand fearlessly in deed as well be non-religious, there were Japan is looking to Christianity as word for love as the basic many who realized that tradifor a lead and such a lead is not principle of society, she need not tions are not so easily abolished forthcoming. The failure of the worry about her influence on by government decree; but they much heralded anti-religious public opinion. It is in this fact hoped that in process of time movement is evidence that the more than anything else that the and by a gradual purging of its nation as such is not disposed secret of Dr. Kagawa's influence religious elements the day would towards a material basis for so- with the masses lies. come when every loyal Japanese ciety, despite the advance of The second reason for the could become a State Shintoist, Communism. Why then is Com- progress of Communism is that whatever his religious faith. munism making such rapid it has never hesitated to demand But old traditions are carried on progress while the Christian sacrifices of its followers. All to new shrines. Church is almost standing still? along it has had to fight for its One of these State Shrines, Last year, the first year of the existence. The result is that the which ministers to a large area men in the universities and the Kingdom of God Movement, the labor world, who have been cap- not far from Tokyo,· is of pre- Protestant churches increased tured by it are not the "duds," fectural rank. In front of the but the best. Many of them are priests' offices were rows of by under 8,000 while the popu- boxes containing charms of lation grew by over 800,000. There are two main reasons. of the stuff of which heroes are every description, for warding In the first place Communism made; they have faced torture off disease, for protection from has before it definite ideals for and martyrdom for their cause. fire and mad dogs, for help in the uplift of society. It is here On the other hand, now that child-birth, for success in busithat the Christian churches as Christianity enjoys on the whole ness, even for driving away such are still relatively weak. the good-will of the authorities rats! In the background was a We need a world view of life, a and the Church itself is estab- pile of boxes ready to be re- Christianity formulated and lished, it is tending to get more turned by post, each with its lived for the world of today. comfortable, certainly in the charm inside renewed by a re- In the fight against certain so- bigger cities. As a result of the ligious ceremony for another cial evils, Christians have taken desire for financial independ- year. Pilgrims presented their the lead, but in enunciating posi- ence, it is composed largely of charm for renewal and paid tive principles for the recon- members of the bourgeoisie, in- their fee. The priest made a stead of being the church of all. note of their names and then struction of society, as the In general it pays its pastors a made his way to the main shrine Soviets have done, we have piteously low stipend, but it is to offer his prayers on their belagged behind. Christ's message demanding finer buildings; it is half. As he drew near he beat of the Kingdom is not given the increasingly particular about a big drum to warn the spirits of emphasis today that He gave it. the quality of the music and the his approach. Then kneeling Lord Shaftsbury "never thought training if not the message of down before the emblems of that the rich had fulfilled their its clergy. There is less of the .their presence, he recited rapidduty to the poor when they had given them a cheap copy of the heroic in its appeal. ly a list of names, punctuated by Bible and a few improving Peace has its perils no less deep in-drawn breaths and bows.

tracts. He set to work to try than war; where there is no op- Then came another beating of a and put destitute men and wo- position a church tends to get small drum at his side and the men on their feet." soft and to pay too much atten- rapid recitation of a Shinto It may be argued that the tion to secondary things. The prayer; more beating of the smallness of the church prevents emphasis is on self-preservation, drums, more bows, and the cere- it having the influence on public a thing which is essentially un- mony was over. The pilgrims opinion that it should. The Com- Christian. We do well to take returned with their charm made munist Movement in Japan to heart the words of Mr. effective for another year.

started from a very small begin- Stanley Baldwin: "the Church Primitive this may be, but it is ning; Lord Shaftsbury had to is much more likely to fail in religious nevertheless both in in- fight much of his battle single- the long run because it demands tention and in form.

handed; it was a very small too little of its members than The Christian forces cannot body of whom the complaint because it demands too much of regard such things with indiffer- was made that they "have human nature." ence.

'~I==================="""""",,"I~

Our Missionary Bookshelf Recent Boo~s Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~=I====================~~ Russia in the Grip of Bolshevism. By activity and numbers, the blows governing their daily lives." J.ohn Johnson. 12 mo. 160 pp. $1.50. of late have fallen on them un- The low economic state result- Revell. New York. 1931. sparingly, some aimed at them ing from the enormous taxation specifically. Their leaders "are of their productive powers is Here is a direct, simple, al- deprived of citizenship, the right perhaps the least of the adversimost naive narrative of a to vote, the right to have cards ties. The atmosphere is thick journey into the domain of Com- for bread and other commodi- with dreads and betrayals. If munism made in 1930 by John ties; they are despised, mocked, this is true for the rulers, what Johnson, Secretary of the All- persecuted in every conceivable of the suspected, the feared and Russian Evangelical Union. His way, exiled. Their wives and the hunted? undertaking was in the nature children suffer indignities day of a religious inquiry and mis- and night." Even the apostles of communism sion. The objective was ob- themselves suffer, although they may tained to the extent of having An optimistic view is taken neither realize nor admit what is a twenty-eight days within the of the ultimate outcome of the proven, self-evident fact. These lead- Soviet Union and employing the war on religion. The author de- ers of socialistic idealism live in a time assiduously with individual clares that only a small minority constant atmosphere of suspicion and and group contacts that afforded of believers have given way un- fear. There is, for example, the fear real insight into certain areas of der the pressures. The others of being overthrown; the fear of collife, limited by the authorities are prospering spiritually. The lapse of the five-year program; the who restricted his movements to personal experiences of the fear, based on tangible proof, that all Leningrad and Moscow, apart writer changed his opinion as to the rest of the world is against them. from the route from and back to the extent of the atheist achieve- These and other contributory factors, the Polish border. ments. He concludes "that not- render the lives of the Soviet leaders withstanding the atheistic mock- one long torment of dread and suspi- The chief and very consider- ery, threats, and persecution cion. able value of the account is its leveled against them, ninety-five contribution of authentic infor- per cent of the Russian people At the other pole of suffering mation concerning the fortunes are still deeply religious, still are the Lishentzi or "Deprived," of that growing body of evan- believe in God, while millions of to whose plight a chapter is degelical Christians with whom them continue to accept and con- voted. the author is in fellowship. In fess Jesus Christ as Master and this field of observation he is Lord." The interesting com- The defects of the book are in most at home and was positioned ment is added that the accom- the spots where the author gets to receive people's confidences, plishments of atheism in Russia away from the fields of personal something rare there as it is are compulsory and not an ex- observation. Twice there is refnecessary. pression of the will of the peo- erence to Soviet law against the ple. A strong appeal is lodged attendance on religious meetings The book presents the in- for sympathy, prayers and mate- of persons under eighteen years dubitable facts of the wide bitter rial help toward Russian Chris- of age. Such attendance is not oppressions, reprisals and per- tians on the part of those out- illegal unless the meeting has secutions directed against all side. the character of a school of re- Christian communions and J ew- ligious instruction. The penalish and Moslem religions alike. The most poignant portrayal ties that are visited on the young There is a chapter on the re- in the book is that on "Strug- for engaging in religious worligious laws of the Soviet. These gling and 'Suffering Russia." It ship and activities are visited alone reveal the effort to com- outside the law by economic, sopletely hedge in the programs is an open window looking in on cial and educational discriminaand practices by which religions tions. Two other errors of fact the subtler but more painful as- appear in the pages that treat live. of the Russian Orthodox Church. pects of "class war" in a human It is not true that "For long cen- At the onset of the anti-re- turies the people of Russia were ligious forces the evangelicals society. The angle of observa- deprived of the privilege of ownwere measurably spared from ing, reading, and studying the attack because regarded of less tion is that of one "who, under- Bible." Neither were the clergy political weight and motivation, on the whole lavishly financed. but with their rapid growth in standing the Russian language The grandeur here alluded to and the Russian people, can enter into the actual conditions [61 ]

did not extend far beyond the lish social justice for the work- final word is "I am ever increashierarchy, while thousands of ers. They are making many mis- ingly persuaded that, whether in the village priests were notori- takes for which they will suffer, sickness or in health, life or ously ill kept. Also no place is but experience will teach them death, we may trust our Heavenleft for the multitude of Ortho- many lessons. It is to be hoped ly Father." This volume is one dox Christian lives in the sweep- that other countries and those of the best on the subject from .ing statement "The Russian peo- who do not believe in Commun- a Christian point of view. ple, together with their rulers ism will also learn lessons from and priesthood, walked the path- Russia's experiment. Mr. Lipp- Youth in a Believing World. Pupils' ways of wickedness and destruc- hard's clear and interesting re- Edition. By John Clark Archer. 8 vo. 166 pp. $1.00. Suggestions to tion." Obviously the misrepre- port helps us to understand the Leaders, 25 cents. Westminster sentations have not arisen from situation and to appraise the Press. Philadelphia. 1931.

malice for elsewhere respect for strength and weaknesses in the These studies in living relig- Orthodox Christians is shown experiment. ions are prepared as a senior and real concern for them under elective by a Christian professor the hardships that the present The Leadership of the Constructive at Yale University. After an inregime imposes, and heartily en- Forces of the World. By John R. troductory chapter on the nature couraging is the testimony borne Mott. 8 vo. 30 pp. Oxford Uni- and origin of religion, Professor to increasing good will between versity Press. London. 1931. Archer takes up in succession the Protestant and the old Ani m ism, Confucianism (not Leadership is the most impor- tant and vital factor in solving Church congregations in the the problems of the world. Given strictly a religion), Hinduism, communities visited. the right leaders, then money, Buddhism, Islam and Christian- programs and policies are com- ity. The treatment of these non- ETHAN T. COLTON. paratively simple problems. Dr. Christian religions is interesting Mott is a leader and has had and shows their best side, but in Communing with Communism. By wide experience in selecting and many cases the author neglects William B. Lipphard. Illus. 12 mo. judging leaders for worthwhile to point out the weaknesses and 153 pp. $1.59. Judson Press. Phila- tasks. In this lecture, delivered failures 0 f s u c h religions as delphia. 1931. at the University of St. Andrew, Buddhism, Islam and Hinduism. he sounds the call for wise and The treatment of Christianity is Views of Russia are kaleido- devoted leaders in the present dogmatic in its statements rather scopic. Reports of travelers and crisis; he describes the needed than attempting to give clear correspondents vary from whole- qualities of leadership; he tells sale condemnation to general how leaders may be developed, evidence for faith in Christ and commendation. Mr. Lipphard, a and, above all, he exalts Christ His teachings. To i n qui r i n g secretary of the American Bap- as the great Leader and Teacher minds the studies seem to raise tist Foreign Mission Society, vis- whom all should follow who seek more questions than they anited Soviet Russia in 1930 and abiding victory. swer. In the hands of a wise here records his honest impres- Christian teacher they will be sions. He endeavors to be un- Miraculous Healing. By Henry W. prejudiced, fair and candid; and effective. we believe that he succeeds bet- ter than many who have written Frost. 12 mo. 174 pp. $1.50. Wheat Magic. Aldo O. Dexter, Adah on the subject. The book is a Richard R. Smith. New York. 1931. L. Kieffer and Margueritte H. Bro.

readable, illuminating report. Christians differ widely in 12 mo. 138 pp. $1.00 cloth, 75 cents paper. Friendship Press. New Russia is a land of paradoxes. their belief in present-day "mi- York. 1931. The government allows her own raculous healing." There are people to starve while millions those who accept the fact of such These very well told stories, of bushels of wheat are shipped healing in apostolic days, but with a meaning, are worth read- abroad; the Soviets rebel against believe that modern medical sci- ing and will prove especially in- bourgeois autocracy while they ence has removed the necessity. teresting to junior boys and establish a dictatorship of the Others believe in "faith healing" girls. They relate to rural life proletariat and practice oppres- to the extent of refusing all med- in many lands-China, Japan, sion that is more despotic than icine; others still deny all heal- Korea, Paraguay, Africa and the rule of the Czar. Russia is ing, past or present, which is not Burma. The second part of the the citadel of Communism and traceable to natural causes. Dr. book suggests practical and at- the aim of the Third Interna- Frost has given us a devout, tractive methods for studying tional is to create disorder in all well-balanced and practical study the rural life and problems of so-called "capitalistic countries." of the subject. He shows the these peopie with the use of the There is a propaganda against teachings of Scripture and the stories and with suggestions for all religion and the leaders j us- conclusions of sane experience. prayer, Scripture, songs, discus- tify any course that will pro- He believes in Divine healing- sions, hand work and other ac- mote the cause of Communism. both with and without the use of tivities. Teachers 0 f j un i 0 r But Russia is earnestly making ordinary means-but he clearly groups will find this study book a great experiment and is aim- warns against false and foolish informing, stimulating and in- ing at a definite goal-to estab- teachings and practice. The teresting to children. Moreover, it is wholly Christian in tone, in for society. There is no such publishing its findings, and enmethod of approach and pur- deavoring to persuade governpose. Read one story and you "Good News" in any other re- ments to control the traffic. The will read others. report also shows widespread ligion or philosophy. Christ is effort, through pamphlets and How Big Is Your World? By John L. schools, to make known the Lobinger. 8 vo. Leaders' Book. unique, sufficient and supreme. harmful effects of opium smok- 75 pp. 85 cents. Students' Book. ing. 70 pp. 60 cents. Pilgrim Press. Altogether this is an excellent Boston. 1931. New Books book. S. M. Z. These studies or projects are Bells of India. Ethel Cody Higginfor young people of high school The Pilgrim Church: Being some ac- bottom. 172 pp. $1.50. Revell. age. The purpose is to enlarge count of the continuance through New York. 1931. their vision and give them an succeeding centuries of churches understanding interest in other practising the principles taught and Dr. Barnardo-The Friend of Chillands and races. The leaders' exemplified in the New Testament. dren. Wesley Bready. 271 pp. book provides suggestions for By E. H. Broadbent. 406 pp. 7s., Revell. New York. 1931. arousing i n t ere s t, directing 6d. Pickering and Inglis. London. study, and recommends sources 1931. The Clinic of a Clerk. W. A. Camof further reading. The stu- eron. 249 pp. $2. Ray Long and dents' book gives general plans Many books reprinted by these R. Smith. New York. 1931. and recommends activities. Most publishers are worth reading. of the pages present source ma- The sub-title of this volume gives The End of Extraterritoriality in terial. The studies are calculated an idea of its general character. China. Thomas F. Millard. 278 pp. to awaken interest rather than In seventeen chapters the author A. B. C. Press. Shanghai. 1931. lead to any definite convictions. sketches the history, teaching This responsibility rests upon and ,influence of such groups as The Friendly Farmers. Gertrude the group leader. the Paulicians and Bogomils, the Chandler Warner and Elizabeth Waldenses and Albigenses, the Harris. 154 pp. $1 cloth, 75 cents Good News. By C. V. Sheatsley, D.D. Lollards, Hussites and United paper. Friendship Press. New 156 pp. $1. The Book Concern. Brethren, before the Reforma- York. 1931. Columbus, Ohio. 1931. tion. Then follows an account of the Anabaptists, the Huguenots, The Moral Crisis in Christianity. Conservative in its theology, the Pietists of Germany, the Justin Wroe Nixon. 1979 pp. $2. timely in its message, and earn- Methodists, Men non i t e sand Harpers. New York. 1931. est in its spirit, this little volume other sects in Russia. The last is a plea for the spreading of the three chapters, on Mr. Groves, On the Edge of the Primeval Forest. Gospel of Jesus Christ among all the Plymouth Brethren and Dar- Albert Schweitzer. 176 pp. $2. classes at home and abroad. It byism, with "conclusions," are Macmillan. New York. 1931. deals with the Gospel as good not as convincing nor as well news, with its language, its con- documented as the earlier chap- The Progress of Worldwide Missions. tent, and appeals for the release ters. An excellent bibliography Robert H. Glover. 418 pp. Ray of this matchless message by and notes give credit to the Long and R. Smith. New York. messengers released from fear, sources upon which the author from sin and from narrow pro- has drawn. His sympathies are Russia in the Grip of Bolshevism. vincialism. with "The Pi I g rim Church" John Johnson. 160 pp. $1.50. rather than with the Holy Cath- Revell. New York. 1931. The author believes in "the olic Church as defined in the liquidation of denominational- creeds of Christendom. Religion Follows the Frontier-A Hisism." We need not all think tory of the Disciples of Christ. alike, but the essentials of our S.M.Z. Winifred Ernest Garrison. 317 pp. message are not in dispute and $2.50. Harpers. New York. 1931. the world will be convinced by Commission of Enquiry into the Cona united testimony. Overlapping trol of Opium Smoking in the Far The Spirit of Piney Woods. Lawrence and jealousy for a church group East. Vol. II. 595 pp. $1.50. C. Jones. $1. Revell. New York. are sins. The emphasis should World Peace Foundation. Boston. 1931. not be first of all on character- 1931. b u i I din g, but on conversion. Wheat Magic. Aldo O. Dexter, Adah There is no real conflict with This exhaustive report of the L. Kieffer and Margueritte H. Bro. science, for spiritual re-creation production, distribution and con- 138 pp. $1 cloth, 75 cents paper. is a greater mystery than physi- trol of opium reveals the serious- Friendship Press. New York. 1931. ness of the situation in Burma, cal creation, and is in a higher Malaysia, the Philippines, For- Why Christian Missions. J. O. Dobrealm. The Gospel of Christ has m 0 s a and foreign – controlled son, 64 pp. Is. Student Christian dynamic for the individual and China. The extent of the evil is Movement Press. London. 1931. very disturbing and the difficul- ties of control are many; it is Young People's Hymnal-For Use in exceedingly encouraging, how- Sunday Schools, Bible Classes and ever, that the League of Nations the Home. Paper cover, words 3d., is making such a careful study, music 3s. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- don. 1931.

Personal Items has been elected President of Wash- Church. For many years he was mis- ington and Jefferson College, Pennsyl- sionary under the auspices of its Dr. John R. Mott has retired from vania. He is an alumnus of Lafayette Woman's Board of Domestic Missions the general secretaryship of the Inter- College, studied theology at Princeton and conducted services for Japanese. national Committee of the Y. M. C. A., Theological Seminary, is an ordained a post which has given him oversight minister and has experience as an *** of the work in thirty-two foreign educator. The new President will aim countries. Frances S. Harmon, news- at scholarship and mental and moral Dr. Ida Kahn, a pioneer Chinese paper publisher of Hattiesburg, Mis- discipline and spiritual ideals. woman in medicine, died in China, acsissippi, has been asked to accept the cording to cable received November office. Obituary Notes 9th by the Woman's Foreign Mission- ary Society of the Methodist Church. The Rev. Dr.'"Ro'"wla'"nd V. Bingham, The Rev. J. W. Vinson, Southern Presbyterian missionary, met death Sixty years ago a sixth daughter General Director of the Sudan Interior Nov. 4 at the hands of Chinese ban- was born in a Chinese home in Kiang- Mission, has recently returned from dits. Mr. Vinson and 300 others were si Province. The baby's horoscope was Great Britain where he spoke in vari- carried off after looting and firing the evil, and the outlook for her was dark ous centers on behalf of the Mission. town of Yanggaigi. indeed, for under such circumstances infanticide was not uncommon. But The Rev. Tho'"ma's" E*. Stevenson, for The daughter of a Chinese preacher two Methodist women from Kiukiang who escaped in the confusion told mis- school appeared on the scene, and one 12 years pastor at Burbank, Calif., has sionaries at Haichow that bandits of them, Miss Gertrude Howe, adopted accepted a call from the Interdenom- pointed rifles at Mr. Vinson and asked the child as her own. She educated inational Council of Los Angeles to him if he were afraid. "If you shoot her in mission schools and brought become the representative of the me I'll go straight to heaven, so I her to America in 1892 with another churches in the remarkable new city am unafraid," Mr. Vinson replied. A brilliant Chinese girl, Mary Stone. springing up on the desert in Nevada, bandit fired at his heart, and the min- Both girls graduated in medicine with known as Boulder City. Over 2,000 ister fell over dead. Later the body high honors at the University of Michmen are now located at Boulder City, was discovered by missionaries and igan. They returned to China, where with some women and children and buried in a tiny cemetery at Haichow they have amply fulfilled their early more are to follow. It will be a co- in the shadow of a Southern Presby- promise. After working together in operative interdenominational work. terian Mission. the Danforth Hospital in Kiukiang, Dr. Kahn responded to a call to Nan- *** *** chang, where the natives provided a The Rev. George K. Lee, former hospital for women and children, of Presbyterian missionary leader in The Rev. Edward Allen Sibley, one which she became the chief, the only China, has just given up the editor- of the pioneer missionaries of t.he trained physician in that populous ship of the Chinese daily morning Sun Protestant Episcopal Church in the city. There she has continued to work in San Francisco to become pastor of Philippine Islands, was killed in a mo- with increasing success and constantly the Chinese Presbyterian Church at tor accident at Tukukan, Philippine widening influence. She was not only Portland, Oregon. Islands on November 1st. Mr. Sibley a skillful doctor and hospital admin- went to the Philippines in 1908 to istrator, but a woman of broad and *** work in what was then the church's fine culture, Oriental and Occidental, newest and least known mission field. and withal a devoted Christian, never Dr. George W. Richards has been happier than in bearing testimonv to elected chairman of the Executive *** her Christian experience. Miss Howe Committee of the Federal Council. He spent her last years in the home of is also secretary of the Interdenom- Rev. Whitford L. McDowell, Re- Ida Kahn, the babe whom she had inational Conference of Theological search Secretary of the Board of rescued. Seminaries in United States and Home Missions and Church Extension Canada. of the Methodist Episcopal Church *** passed away on October 20th. He had *** been connected with the Board for fif- The Rev. Dr. William Martin Baird, Mrs. Ralph B. Kennard has accepted teen years. who has recently completed forty the chairmanship of the Women's years service as a Presbyterian mis- Council of the Federation of Churches *** sionary in Korea, died in Pyengyang Committee to undertake some special on November 29th. Dr. Baird was work in behalf of the foreign students The Rev. E. A. Ohori, a Christian born near Charlestown, Ind., 69 years in Washington, of which there are Japanese, who had been engaged in ago, was graduated from Hanover several hundred. missionary work in New York for the College, Ind., in 1885, and from Mc- Reformed Church in America since Cormick Theological Seminary in 1888. *** 1908, died on Nov. 9th. He was engaged in literary work and Prof. Ralph C. Hutchinson, a Pres- Bible translation and revision, as well byterian missionary, and Dean of the He came to the United States about as church activities. American College at Teheran, Persia, 1900, was graduated from the Theo- logical Seminary, New Brunswick, N. J., and was ordained in the Reformed THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD EDITORIAL COUNCIL REPRESENTS Federation of Women's Boards of Foreign Missions Foreign Missions Conference of North America Council of Women for Home Missions Missionary Education Movement The Student Volunteer Movement Home Missions Council Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America Various Denominational and Independent Boards MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON REV. WM. R. KING, D.D. MRS. E. H. SILVERTHORN REV. A. R. BARTHOLOMEW, D.D. REV. JOHN McDOWELL, D.D. REV.F.C.STEPHENSON,M.D.

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The Missionary Review of the World — 1931 Index

MISSIONAR Y

REVIEW 0/ the WORLD Founded In 1878 by Edltor-in-Chief, 1888 to 1911 ROYAL G. WILDER ARTHUR T. PIERSON January to 1Jecember, 1931 VOLUME FIFTY-FOUR EDITOR DELAV.AN L. PIERSOK ASSOCIATE EDITORS Methods for 'Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~IRS. F. 1. JOHNSON 'Woman's Home Mission Bulletin …•….•. FLORENCE E. Ql'I:-ILA:-I AND HELEN BRICKMAN Woman '8 Foreign Mission Bulletin …•………….•…………. FLORENCE G. TYLER World-Wide Outlook ..••••.•…………•………….•…. HE..,(RIETTA H. FERGUSON INTERDENOMINATIONAL EDITORIAL COUXCIL REV. A. R. BARTHOLOMEW, D.D. MRS. HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY FLORENOE E. QUINLAN REV. ENOCH F. BELL, D.D. REV. WM. P. SCHELL, D.D. FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL REV. CHARLES H. SE..'l.RS, D.D. REV. PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, D.D. MRS. E. H. SILVER-THORN MRS. JOHN FERGUSON REV. F. C. STEPHENSON, M.D. RoE… S. G. INMAN, D.D. REV. JAY S. STOWELL REV. MILLS J. TAYLOR, D.D. MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON FLORENCE G. TYLER REV. WM. R. KING, D.D. JESSE R. WILSON REV. JOHN McDOWELL, D.D.

COPYRIGHT'ED, 1931-PuBLISHED BY THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INO.

THIRD AND REILY STREETS, HARRISBURG, PA., AND 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President WALTER McDoUGALL, Treasurer MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD DELA.VAN L. PIER-SON, Secretary WM. B. LIPPHARD FLEMING H. REVELL* ERIC M. NORTH SAMUEL M. ZWEMER.

• Deceased.

959 MAPS, CHARTS AND POSTERS Page PU;fC Map-China (South), Philippines and East Chart-Offerings for Home Missions … 13;) Indies ……………………………….. 341 -t:. S. Church ~embership and Population 670 – U. S. Unchurched Regions …………….. 644 Posters-Korea, Health Posters …………. 370 – Unoccupied Fields in South Seas ………. :341 – 1I0lne Missions, :Korth America ……….. 4 PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS Pa(fe Pa[!e Africa-Boy Wearing Tree-Bark Kilt ……. 743 Japan-"Suicide Doctor," Mrs. Jo ……….. 597 – Christian Leaders in Training …… 21 Kagawa. Toyohiko ………………… 168, 301,573 – Ford, Natives Inspecting …………. 429 Korea-Baby ……………………………… 372 – "Grannies" at Home …………………… 404 – Burden Bearer …………………………. 27 – Hospital Scene …………………… 404 – Chapel, Chosen Christian College ……… 488 – Mother-Craft School …………………… 409 – Dr. Avison ……………………………. 489 – RE'lieving African Toilers ……………… 430 – Congregation in Church ……………….. 29 – Witch Doctor …………………………… 19 – Devil Posts ……………………………. 487 – Womanhood as Stanley Saw It ………… 426 – Farmer and Prize Cow ………… , …….. 736 – – Today .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 427 – Farms, Committee of Y. M. C. A ………. 737 American Indian Girl ……………… 615 – Leper Mission Home …………………… 332 – – and Bible Teacher …………………… 351 – Pierson Memorial Bible School .. , 33 Bunter, J. B ………………………………. 908 – Shrine, Wayside Demon ……… 481 China-Aborigines' Distinctive Dress, West- – Sunday-school ………………………….. 491 ern ……… ,…………………………. S7 – Village, Typical ……………………….. 23 – – of Western ………………………….. 84 – Women at Christian ~Worship …………. 484 – Children in Mission ……………………. 377 – Y. M. C. A., Organization :Vleeting …….. 739 – Flood Scenes ………………………….. 804 Korean Boy and Rooster ………………. 738 – Lepers Singing ………………………… 329 – Business Men, Christian ……………….. 25 Chinese, Gospel in ……………………….. 86 Leper Women at 'York ………………….. 331 Cheng Ching-Yi and Kagawa ……………. 573 Lepers ….•…………….. 324,329, :130, 331,332,333 Clifford, Mrs. G. MeA. . …………………… 209 Lord G. Marston …………………………. 215 Council of Women for Home Missions Of- MacArthur, Kathleen …………………….. 55 ficers ………………………………… 293 Macdonald, A. Caroline ………………..891,893 Cuba-Christians, Modern ………………… 425 Morgan, Wm. T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 826 – Pastor and Family ……………………. 423 Moslem Convert-N!o A. Q. Daskawie ……… 593 – Sunday-school ………………………….. 421 Myers, H. 'Y., of Japan …………………. 164 De Pascoe, Sra Elisa Strozze ……………. 932 Near East, Veiled 'Yoman of the ………… 886 Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign New Zealand-Auckland Institute ………… 513 Missions Officers …………………….. 292 Palestine-Missionaries to Jews ………….. 277 Foreign Mission's Lakeville Conference.. 564,584 Persia, Modern Traveling in …………….. 887 Game, Missionary Geography ……………. 854 Peru-Hospital and Staff ………………. 812, 814 Gilbert Island's Church Opening …………. 127 Porto Rico-Church at Fajardo ………….. 265 Hepburn, Mrs. J. D ………………………. 256 – – Evangelical Church Assembly ……….. 263 Howland, Susan H. ………………………. 269 Prayer, World Day-Around the World … .

India-Child Bride-To-Be ………………… 724 ………. " …. " …. , …………… 865, 857, 859 – – Wife …………………………………. 727 Samoa~Church, Centenary …………….. , .. 126 – Courtyard, Village …………………….. 724 Siam-Leper Colony, Chiengmai ……… 330 – DohnaVur Children ……………………. 178 – Leper's Recreation Hall at … 884 – – Place of Heavenly Health …………… 172 Singh, Sadhu Sundar …………………….. 169 – Girls' Mission School ………………….. 244 Southard, Frank R. . ……………………… 215 – – Travel to School, How ……………….. 244 Spain-Church, Catholic ……' …………. 567 – Hadapsur, Poona ………………………. 910 – – Protestant… .. .. …… .. .. .. .. .. ……… 567 – Ida Scudder at Work ………………….. 889 Turkey, Children at American School ……. 900 – Kitchen, Outdoor ………………………. 729 – Traffic Policeman ………….. : …………. 896 – Leper, Cured …………………………… 333 – Travel in …………………………….. 897 – Lepers, Untainted Children of ………… 324 United States-Cannery Vacation School …. 829 – National Trinity, New …………………. 251 – – Child in Cotton Fields ………………. 828 – Outcastes, Christian …………………… 733 – – Dralnatizing Bible Story ……… , ……. 353 – Schoolgirl in a "Burka," Moslem ……… 727 – – Home Training Class ……………….. 663 – Service in Hamlet, Evangelistic ……….. 273 – – – Training Class ……………………. 661 Ireland-Y. M. C. A. Gospel Meeting ……… 659 – – Rural Day School ……………………. 349 Ishwardas, B. C. …………………………. 97 – – Unemployed Now Self-Supporting …… 827 van Boetzelaer. Baroness ………………… 55 Islands-Celebes, Native of ………………. 342 Japan-Kagawa Settlement, Tokoyo ……… 167 Wallis, Reginald ………………………….. 657 – Leper Mission Home ………………….. 324 World Congress at Chattanooga ………….. 355 – – Missionary, Miyake San ……………… 333 Yusufji, Mrs. H. A. .. …………………….. 933 AUTHORS Pa(fe Page Adadourian, Haig ………………………… 182 Axling, Wm. ……………………………… 91 Austin, Mrs. P. H ……………………….. 212 Backemeyer, F. W ……………………….. 582 Allan, Alexander M……………………….. 198 Baker, James M. .. ………………………. 273 Atkinson, Henry A. ………………………. 37 Ballard, Adela J …………………………. 827 Auh, Paul ………………………………… 687 Benze, C. Theodore ………………………. 117 960 Page Page Bippus. Mrs. H. W. . ……………………… 852 Lowry. Edith …………………………….. 692 Blair. Herbert E …………………………• 485 Manley. Charles R ……………………….. 250 Boggess. Arthur C. . ……………………… 725 McAfee. C. B……………………………… 735 Bowers. Wayne H .•……•.•………..•…..•. 570' McAfee. Ralph …………………………… 267 Bralsted. Paul J ………………………….. 50'7 McConaughy. David …………………… 531. 819 Brickman. Helen M. . ……………………. 778 McDowell. John ………………………. 369.684 Brooks. Phillips …………………………. 186 Mead. Mrs. Lucia A. .. …………………… 294 Brownlee. F. L. . …………………………. 263 Meyers. H. W …………………………….. 501 Carmichael. Amy ………………………… 172 Miller. W. M. .. ………………………….. 583 Case. Brayton C. . ………………………… 747 Missanka. Harry W ……………………… 915 Catt. Carrie Chapman ……•……..•……..• g35 Montgomery. A. J ………………………… 181 Cheng. C. Y………………………………. 573 Montgomery, Helen Barrett ……………… 376 Clark. E. M………………………………. 751 Moore, Mayme ……………………………. 597 Clark. Francis O. . ……………………….. 736 Morse. Hermann N ……………………….. 673 Conning. John Stuart ……………………. 90'5 Mott. John R ……………………………10'. 913 Cross. R. M. . …………………………….. 261 Mukerji. Rai N. K ……………………….. 585 Dana. Malcolm …………………………… 679 Murray. J. Lovell ………………………… 123 Danner. Wm. M. . ………………………… 329 Myers. James ……………………………. 695 Daskawie. Mohammed A. Q……………… 270' Nolen. Mrs. N. 'V………………………… 212 Davis. Mrs. Ozora S……………………… 20'6 North, Frank Mason ……………………… 136 Dimmitt. Marjorie ……………………….. 618 Osborne. Mrs. M. H. . …………………….. 212 Dodd. Edward M. . ………………………. 885 Oxenham, John ………………………….. 86 Downs. Francis S. . ………………………. 196 Oyler. Lillian ……………………………. 841 Early. Mrs. Verner G…………………….. 187 Parsons, Hy ………………………… …. … 87 Elder. Lois J. . ……………………………. 509 Paton, William ………………………….. 775 Ellis. William T. . ……………………….. 197 Patton. C. H ……………………………… 816 Farber. Benjamin F ………………………. 171 Peabody. Mrs. Henry W ………………….. 378 Fish. Iva M………………………………. 445 Peet. H. W ………………………………. 832 Ford. James Tooker ……………………… 611 Perkins. Henry A. .. ……………………… 335 Fraser. Donald …………………………… 363 Pierson. Delavan L …………….. 23. 435. 579. 603 Fraser. Mrs. Donald ……………………… 40'9 Pierson. Emma Belle D ………………….. 361 Fraser. Mamie C. G. . ……………..•…… 890 Posnett. Chas. W …………………………. 245 Frost. Henry W ………………………….. 10'0' Purves, Elinor K …………………………. 534 Fullerton. W. Y………………………….. 257 Quirk, Eric L. .. …………………………… 250' Gilbert. Jane …………………………….. 136 Reischauer. A. K. . ……………………….. 295 Gonzalez. Juan Orts ……………………… 665 Reynolds, Mrs. W. D. .. ………………….. 512 Goodell. Charles L. . ……………………… 106 Riggs. Charles T. .. ………………………. 896 Gordon. A. J ……………………………… 811 Rohold. S. B. ……………………………… 276 Griffith. J. Neal ……•……………………. 925 Roby, Maud F ……………………………. 131 Root. Mrs. E. T …………………………… 216 Harrison. Paul W ………… .415.493.587.756.80'5 Rosenberger. E. T. . ……………………… 371 High. Stanley …………………………….. 278 Rosetti. Dante Gabriel …………………… 92 Hooker. Elizabeth R ……………………… 667 Scott. Charles E. .. ……………………….. 902 Hoover. Herbert ………………………….. 619 Scott. George T …………………………… 431 Hotchkiss. Willis R. . …………………….. 599 Shoemaker. Jr.• Samuel M. .. ……………. 651 Hoyland. J. S. ……………………………. 58 Silverman. Jacob ………………………… 191 Hurt. Jobn J …………………………….. 815 Speer. Robert E …………………………. 5.40'5 Hyde, A. A. . ……………………………… 203 Springer, Mrs. John M. .. ………………… 426 Inman, Samuel G. . ……………………….. 812 Stauffacher. C. H …………………………. 364 Ishwardas, B. C. …………………………. 97 Stowell. Jay S. . ……………………….. 35.349 Jackson, .J. Chadwick ……………………. 325 Sweets. David M…………………………. 355 .Iaffray. R. A. ……………………………. 341 Testa, Stefano L. . ……………………….. 115 Janis, Elsie ………………………………. 930' Trull. George H ………………………….. 183 Johnson, Mrs. F. I. ……………….. 60'1,930'.931 Tucker, H. C. . …………………………… 492 Johnson. H. F …………………………….. 195 Tucker. John T. . ………………………… 193 Kagawa, Toyohiko ……………………. 165, 836 Tyler. Florence G………………………… 775 Kerr, Hugh T………………………… .421.645 Vance. James I. ………………………….. 20'4 Kirk. Harris E. . ……………………. , ….. 20'4 Van Sickle. A. A…………………………. 615 Kohlstedt. E. D. .. ……………………….. 661 Vollor, A. E ……………………………… 911 Lacy. G. Carleton ………………………… 85 Wahlberg. Edgar M………………………. 822 Lape. Esther E. . …………………………. 777 Watson. Mildred …………………………. 200 La Rue. Wm. E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844 White. Mrs. .Tohn P ……………………… 855 Laubach. Frank ………………………….. 343 Wysham, Wm. M…………………………. 121 Laws. Robert …………………………….. 17 Yardi, D. A. .. …………………………… 907 Legg. Bernice Hall ………………………. 933 Young, Mrs. T. Cullen ……………………. 740' Lewis, Elizabeth G……………………….. 169 Zwemer. Samuel M…………………… 179.251 Longly. Pearl D………………………….. 930'

ARTICLES AND NEWS Page Page Aborigines in West China. Hy Parsons ….. 87 Afrlca-"Do You Love Yourself." Willis R. Abyssinia-Bible in ………………………. 312 Hotchkiss ……………………………. 599 – Prohibition in …………………………. 864 – Educated? Can Blacks Be ……………… 388 – Reforms ………………………………… 794 – Eritrea Mi~sions ………………………. 151 Adventure with Christ, New, Paul .I. – Eritrea, Pray for ……………………… 941 – Evangelize America? Will ……………… 313 Braisted …………………………….. 50'7 – Evangelizing Islam ……………………. 940' Africa-Achievement, Supreme …………… 462 – Gift to "Starving America" ……………. 70'8 – Gifts, Christmas ……………………. 462.776 – Angola Mission Jubilee …………….. 223. 313 – Hope of ………………………………… 866 – Balli, Testing Times in ………………… 388 – Industrial School, Frank James ………. 222 – Inlluence of Missions ………………….. 623 – Bible. Ethiopia Sends …………………. 461 – Kenya Colony. Trouble ……. , …………. 71 – Catholic vs. Protestant ………………… 223 – Kikuyu Good News ……………………. 152 – Leper Institution. South ……………….. 546 – Century in West ……………………….. 462 – Lovedale Anniversary …………………. 795 – Changes in Central ……………………. 152 – Mass Movement In Lokoja …………….. 795 – Children. Conference for ………….. 70'6. 864 – Methods Produce Results? What, Robert – Church. Building a ……………………. 462 – – for Johannesburg …………………… 623 Laws ………………………………… 17 – Communion Service ……………………. 707 – Cont'6st 1880' and 1930' …………………. 223

INDEX

Page Page Africa-Mlnga News ……………………… 796 Burma-Leper Church Dedicated …………. 465 – Missions In South •..•…..•…………..••• 942 – Methodism, Mother of …………………. 627 – Moors, Unreached ……………•……….. 545 – News, Good ……………………………. 549 – Progress in East ……….•…………….. 795 – Opportunity ……………………………. 392 – "Prophets" • . . . . • . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. 865 Canada-Contributions to Church … ,…….. 67 – Railroads in ………………………… 623, 794 – Missionary Congress •………………….. 875 – Restrictions in East Portuguese ………. 222 – United Church ………….•…………….. 790 – Revolt Against Authority •………..•….. 707 Canadian Baptist Home Missions ………… 147 – Roads and Missions ……………….•….. 462 – School of Missions, J, Lovell Murray ….. 123 – Stanley, l<~ol1owlng, After Fifty Years, Mrs. Census of the Churches ………. 2d Cover, June Ceylon-Hearers, Eager ………………….. 784 John M. Springer …………………… 426 – Howland. Susan R., Missionary to …….. 269 – Three Crosses In Angola, John T. Tucker 193 Chile-Armies, Evangelizing ……………… 862 – Villages in Nyasaland, Mrs. T. Cullen – Bible First …………………………….. 474 – Bibles Called "Red" …………………… 704 Young ……………………………….. 740 – Confusion ………………………………. 861 – Welcomed by Tribal Chiefs ……………. 388 – Indians …………………………………. 861 – Witchcraft ……………………………… 461 China-Aborigines In West, Hy Parsons .'.. 87 – Yoruba, Progress In …………………… 623 – and Japan ……………………………… 628 African Drums and Their Uses, A. E. Vollor 911 – Anglo-Chinese College, Foochow … , ……. 395 – Gifts for Edncation ……………………. 865 – Army Decalogue ……………………….. 871 – Grannies, Mrs. Donald Fraser …………. 409 – – Peaceful Activities of ., ……………… 870 – Prisoners, Among …………….•………. 224 – Banditry ……………………… 74, 549, 627, 628 Airplane, Gospel by ………………………. 309 – Bible Work, G. Carleton Lacy ……. ,'…. 85 Alaska-Eskimos Attend Church …………. 234 ~ Bridgman School ………………………. 229 – Llndberghs at Point Barrow ………….. 790 – Catholics and Protestants ….. ' … , … , …. 230 – Pioneer Work …………………………. 147 – Changsha, Standing Firm ……….. , …… 394 Alaskans, Training for …………………… 307 – Christian Influence …………………….. 629 Alexander, George ……………………….. 200 – – Movement, 1931, C. Y. Cheng. ,. ' …….. 673 Amerlca.n Indla.n Boy Scouts …………….. 53 – Christianity at Work ………………. 712, 869 – – Bureau ………………………………. 790 – Church Marches On …………………… 870 – – Calendar …………………………….. 780 – Communism ………………………….785,870 – – Moves Ahead, Helen M. Brickman ….. 778 –and Christianity, R. M. Cross … '" ….. 261 – – Religious Work, A. A. Van Sickle ….. 615 – – Training Youth Against ……………… 712 –Study for,1932-1933 …………………… 694 – Conference Under Difficulties .' ………… 395 – – Students ……………………………… 266 – "Door of Hope" ……………………….. 467 –Pueblos Speak Japanese? A. J. Mont- – Education Experiment ………………301, 711 – – Program …. , ………………………… 141 gomery …………………………….. , 181 – Educational Policy, False ……………… 300 American Islands ………………………… 639 – – Union ………………………………… 628 Americans, One Hundred Per Cent ………. 620 – Enoouragement in …………………….. 368 – Famine in Sbensi …………2d Cover, August Ara.bia-Bahrein, News from ….•………..• 546 – I<'innish Missions ………………………. 395 – Ibn Saud ………………………………. 225 – Floods ……………………………763,784, 848 – Widows from Yezd …………………….. 624 – Forward, Time to Go ………………….. 141 – Freedom for the Gospel ….. , … ,……141,230 Arabian Desert, Over the ………………… 315 – Hunan Missions Suil'er …………………. 95 – in a Troubled World ………………….. 847 Arctic-Hardships ………………………… 472 – Leadership Needed ……… , ……………. 393 – – Mission to ………………………… 394,550 Armenian Church ………………………… 624 – Lew, T. T., on the Bible ……………….. 467 – Refugees, New …………………………. 152 – Manchuria Revival …………………….. 947 – Missionaries and the Church ………..141, 869 Armenians in Buenos Aires, Haig Adadourian 182 –Liberated …………………………. 301,466 – – Murdered …………………………..•. 394 Asia-Gospel Teams, College …………….. 523 – – Needed ………………………………. 229 – Missiongrams from ……………………. 334 – – Shoot? Shall ……………………… ; .. 871 – Missions and Communism ……………… 301 Australia.-Aerial Medical Service ., ……… 469 – Moslem Uprising ………………………. 142 – Bibles for Northwest …………………… 304 – Moslems in ………………………..•….. 947 – Worrora, Gospel for …………………… 701 – Non-Registered Schools ………………… 946 – Opportunities in South ……………… 334,712 Balkans-Education, Religious …………… 475 – Persecution in ………………………. 141, 629 – Prayer and Cooperation in …………….. 269 Belgian Congo Revolt …………………….. 865 – Presbyterian Policy in …………………. 228 – Progress …. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 393 Belgium-Progress, Christian ….. , ……….• 387 – Protestants and Catholics ……………… 230 – Socialists and the Gospel ………………. 221 – Religion in Bridgman School ………….. 229 – Religious Liberty Petition ……………..• 93 Belize, Strategy in ………..•••…………•. 937 – Rip Van Winkle ……………………….. 629 Bible in Swahili …………………………… 224 – St. John's College ..•…………………… 466 ,– Out of Date? ……………… ~ ………•… 525 – Schools, Mission ………………….. 74, 75, 786 Bibles for Northwest Australia ………….. 304 – Self-Support, Klangsu …………………. 301 Birthday Band, Missionary, Emma Belle D. – Shanghai University …………………… 786 – Soong, Madame K. T. . ……………….•. 785 Pierson …….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .• 361 – Students Irreligious …………………… 627 Blind of the World ………………………. 553 – – Christian …………………………….. 550 Bolivia-Expedition to …………………… 635 – – New Movement Among ………………. 786 Books for the Emerging East, Helen Barrett – Tension Relieved ………………………. 334 – Uplifting the Masses •…………………. 466 Montgomery •………..•……………..• 376 – Village, Shanghai Model ………………. 550 – – – Philippines, F. G. Tyler ………….. 775 – Withdraw? Shall We ………………….. 75 – on Home Missions ……………………… 456 – Women's Equal Rights ……………….. 711 Borneo and the Celebes, R. A. Jaffray …… 341 – Yenching Chapel ………………………. 693 Brazil-African Worker for …..•………… 635 Chinese General's Appeal ………………..• 467 – Agitation in ……………………………. 308 – Market Town Aristocrat, Charles E. Scott. 902 – Armenians in Buenos Aires, Haig Ada- – Message to America ……… : ………….. 227 – Schools, Religion in …………………… 93 dourian ………………..•…..•……… 182 – Turkestan, Pioneering in ………………. 302 – Forward Step, H. C. Tucker … ,……….. 492 – Women Christian Doctors •…………….. 228 – Interior ………………………………… 219 – Methodist Church………………………. 69 – Missionaries Murdered ………………… 69 – Protestantism in, C. Theodore Benze ….. 117 – Protestants in …………………………. 220 – Religious Center in Buenos Aires ….•… 149 – The Call of ……………..•……………. 938 – World's Sunday School Convention in Rio 220 Brown, Arthur J. …………..•…… …….•. 50 Buddhist World Alliance …………………. 234 Bulgaria-Inconveniences …………………. 705 Burma-Baptisms …………….•.. ,. .• . . . . . . .. 626 – Christian Leadership ……………………. 869 – Disturbance in …..••….•…..•…….. .464, 783 – for Christ Movement ……….•.••..•… 392, 465 – Gospel Teams ………………………….. 465 Page Page Christ, BattIe Against ……………………. 282 Deaths-Stearns, John Hunter …………… 643 – or Antl-Christ-Whlch? Stanley High …. 278 – Steven, F. A. .. ………………………… 403 Christian Endeavor, Fifty Years of .. 306,470,702 – Stover, Wilbur B. …………………….. 82 Christianity Changed? Has, W. Y. Fullerton 257 – Studd, Chas. T. . ………………………. 723 – What Is, John J. Hurt …………………. 815 – Tetlow, Helen ………………………….. 723 Christian's Vocation, Harris E. Kirk …….. 204 – Vermllye, Elizabeth B. ………………… 82 Church in a Changed World, C. H. Stauf- – Whittemore, Emma Mott ………………. 163 – Wlnn, Thomas C. . …………………….. 163 facher ……………………………….. 364 – Wood, Mary Elizabeth ……… 3d Cover, July – on the March, Mrs. Henry W. Peabody .. , 378 Depression and Missions …………………. 201 – Members, Active and Passive ………….. 217 Disarmament, Books on …………………. 537 – Today, Need of, Chas. L. Goodell ………. 106 – Carrie Chapman Catt …………………. 935 Colombiar-Schools Close …………………. 704 Disciples' of Christ, Message .•…………… 951 Colombian Freethinker, Alexander M. Allan 198 Dollar, Robert ……………………………. 713 – Government Sympathetic ………………. 354 Dominican Republic, H. F. Johnson ……..• 195 Communism Decreasing ………………….. 864 Duff, Alexander, Honored ………………… 150 Constantinople After a Century, Charles T. Dutch East Indies ………………144,701, 874,924- – New Guinea, Progress In ……………… 305 Riggs ……………………………….. 896 Ecuador-Campaign, Guayaquil ………….. 635 Cooperation, Association for Christian …… 398 Education, Experiment In Missionary ……. 633 Crime Prevention ………………………… 109 – In the Home, Missionary, Mrs. Ozora S. – Cost of … . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. …. 950 Davis ……………………………….. 206 Crisis in Mission Lands, Present, Delavan L. – Missionary ……………………………… 456 Pierson ……………………………… 435 Egypt-Aoqultted in Cairo …………•…..•. 151 – Al Azhar Makes Adjustments ………….. 545 Cuba-Children …………………………… 473 …… Barber Shop, Missions ………………….. 312 – "Fell Among Thieves," When, Hugh T. – Constitution, New ……………………… 71 – Girl Receives Degree ………………….. 623 Kerr ………………………………… 421 – New Venture In Cairo ………………… 940 – Koreans in …………………………….. 703 – Political Situation …………………….. 622 – Revolt ………………………………….. 861 – Railway Church ……………………….. 151 Cushman, Emma D., of Konia, Wm. T. Ellis 197 – Religious Training …………………….. 708 Czechoslovakia-Church of ……………….. 311 EngllUld-Colored People, League of …….. 474 – Mission Society ………………………… 310 – Methodist Union ……………………….. 791 Danish Missions …………………………. 940 – Non-Churchgoer Campaign ……………. 862 Deaths-Alexander, George ……………….. 2 – Salvation Army ……………………….. 150 – Ashley, Ed~ar~ ………………………… 323 – Students and Faith ……………………. 387 – Baer, John WIllis ……………………… 163 Ethiopia Missions (Abyssinia) …………… 545 – Beauchamp, Wm. B. . ………………. 641,880 Europe-Antl-Semitlsm …………………… 544 – Bennett, Catherine …………………….. 723 – Gypsies, Gospel for ……………………. 863 – Boomer, Wm. Bishop ………………….. 82 – Present War in ……………………….. 918 – Booth, Eugene S. . ……………………… 242 Evangelism and Self-Support ……………. 553 – Bowie, Mrs. Frederick G. . …………….. 403 – Out of Date? Robert E. Speer ………… 405 – Braithwaite, George ……………………. 880 "Faith Missions," Principles of ………….. 920 – Brooks, ·Charles Alvin …………………. 82 Fellowship with Jesus Christ, Francis S. – Bunter, J. P. . …………………………. 242 – Carroll, Henry King …………………… 163 Downs ………………………………. 196 – Cronkhite. Leonard W …………………. 323 Financial and Spiritual Power …………… 202 – Christie, Carmellta Brewer ….. 3d Cover, Dec. Finnish Mission Society ………………….. 863 – Deloria, Philip J …………….3d Cover, July Foreign Missions, Books on ………………. 457 – Donaldson, Robert S. .. ………………… 163 – – Conference. George H. Trull ………•. 183 – Eddy, Mrs. Wm. K……….3d Cover, August – – I Don't Believe In, Henry A. Perkins… 335 – Forman, Emily N. .. …………………… 403 – – Inquiry. Laymen's …………………… 762 – Fowler, A. E. Sylvester ……………….. 880 Formosa, Changing ………………………. 383 – Fry, Mrs. Charles L…………3d Cover, Dec. – Dancing Prohibited In ………………… 304 – Gilmore, David C………… 3d Cover, August France-American Church In Paris …… .474, 863 – Goward, Wm. Edward …………………. 242 – Mission Problems ……………………… 310 – Harris. Mrs. Ira ………………………. 323 – Missions Congress ……………………… 792 – Hartzell, Jacob L ……………………… 643 – Moslems ……………………………….. 543 – Harvey, Mrs. H. W …………………….. 880 – Protestant Missions ……………………. 70 – Harley, Wm. E …………… 3d Cover, August – Refuge for Unfortunates ………………. 543 – Hill, Judson B. ………………………… 880 – Revival in Flanders …………………… 475 – Hotchkiss, Mathilde K ………3d Cover, Dec. French Bible Distribution ……………….. 310 – Hume, Ruth Peabody ………………….. 643 Germany-Atheists ……………………….. 476 – Hurlburt, Charles G. . …………………. 643 – Augsherg Confession …………………… 69 – Johnson, Charles F ………. 3d Cover, August – Jewish Movement ……………………… 621 – Kumm, Karl H. ……………………….. 2 – Religious Interest ………………….. 310,544 – Lamb, Jessie ………………..3d Cover, July – Socialists ………… .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. … 387 – Landsman, Rev. J. I. ………. 3d Cover, Dec. Glvlnl<'. Figures on World ………………… 821 – Lathrop, Charles Newton ……………… 163 Good Will Day, Origin of ………………… 294 – Lawrence, Matilda ………… 3d Cover, April – – Chests ……………………………….. 553 -Ma, H. W ……………………………… 82 Great Britain-Race Prejudice ……………. 398 – MacDonald, A. Caroline ……………….. 723, Greece-Anatolia College …………………. 475 – MacGillivray, Donald ………. 3d Cover, July – Commemorates Paul's Address ………… 939 – Martin, Mrs. Adam J ………………….. 643 – Education. Religions …………………… 793 – Martin, Josephine ……………………… 880 Guatemala Industrial College ……………. ·542 – Marquis, John A. . …………………….. 562 – New Testament In Cakchiquel ………… 791 – McCandless. Henry W ……. 3d Cover, August – Sends Greetings ……………………….. 354 – McDowell, Mrs. Wm. Fraser …….•…….. 217 – Tolerance Progresses …………………… 635 – Miller, Mrs. Frederick S….3d Cover, August Hawaii …………………………………… 382 – Miner, George S ……………………….. 643 – Oriental-Americans …………………….. 145 – Paden, Wm. Mitchell ………………….. 880 – Woman Pastors ……………………….. 788 – Parson, Edward Field …………………. 323 Hebrew Christian Alliance ………………. 792 – Paul, K. T …………………………….. 323 Hindu Pilgrim, Story of a, J. Chadwick Jack- – Rohold. S. B. . …………………………. 242 – Sallee. W. Eugene …………3d Cover, August son ………………………………….. 325 – Schaeffer, Katherine L ……… 3d Cover, July Holland-Auto Mission ……………………. 310 – Scott, Isaiah B. ……………………….. 880 – Church .Council ……………………….. 863 – Seagrave, A. E …………………………. 323 – Sends Gift …………………………… ,. 54 – Singh. Sir Harnam ……………………. 242 Home Base, How Strengthen the, John R. – Soderblom, Olaf Jonathan ……………… 723 – Sorabji, Susie …………………………. 403 Mott ………………………………… 913 – Sornberger, Paul A……………………. 880 Home Mission Convictions, John McDowell .. 369 – Sparham, C. G. . ……………………….. 880 Page Page Home Mission Theme for 1932-33 …………. 952 Islam for Christ, Why I Left, M. A. Qayyum Home Missions. Books on ……….•……… 456 Daskawie …………………………… 593 – Challenge of, E. D. Kohlstedt …………. 661 – Congress ……………………………….. 41 Islands, American ……………………….. 539 – County Church, Malcolm Dana …. "" … 679 – PaCific-Survey …………………………. 788 – Next Steps In 1930 ……………………… 101 – Will Tahiti Retreat? ………………….. 949 – Problems Unsolved, Herman N, Morse .. , 673 ItalY-Anti-Protestant Activity ………….. 793 – Why Support, Jay S, Stowell ., … ',……. 35 – Chureh and State ………………………. 792 Honduras-Revolution …………………. , … 473 – Missionary Journey in, Stefano L. Testa 115 Howland, Susan R ………………………. , 269 – Morals in ……………………………… 310 Hymn Translations .. , ………………. , ….. 316 – Religious Liherty in ……………….. 386,863 Ibn Saud of Arabia ……………………… 225 – Spezia Mission ………………………… 704 India. ….. "… .., ………………………. ,' 218 – Waldenses and Mussolini ……………… 474 – Allahabad Institute ……………………. 227 -Yo M. C. A …………………………….. 704 – Caste People, Charles W. Posnett ……… 245 Ja.pan-Abolition ………………………….. 699 – Census, Latest …………………………. 710 – Barher Helps, How a ………………….. 6.30 – Changing ………………………………. 226 – Bible and a Shinto Priest ……………… 468 – Christian Education ……………………. 868 – Bibles in Hotels ………………………. 396 – Church Union …………………..101,548,782 – Buddhist Priests, Women ……………… 630 – Conference, Important ………………… 299 – – Sect Christianized …………………… 396 – Charity ………………………………… 551 :::: g~~~a~~re i~" ~~~ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: – Children Ill-Used ………………………. 143 – Christian Message for, 'Villiam Al<ling .. 91 – Discipleship, Cost of …………………… 547 – Christmas in ………………………….. 76 – Disturbances in ………………………… 73 – College, Woman's Christian, S. K. Reisch- – Dohnavur, Amy Carmichael ….•………. 172 – Drink Traffic .. . . .. . . . . . .. .. . . .. . . . . .. .. .. … 868 auer …………………………………. 295 – Evangelism, Month of …………………. 391 – Communism and the "Y" ……………… 303 – Evangelistic Meetings in Nellore ……… 154 – – Dry Village …………………………. 872 – Gandhi and British ……………………. 298 – Education, Crisis In …………………… 872 – – – Gospel …. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. .. .. .. .. 625 – HaShimoto-San, E. M. Clark …………… 751 – – – Narcotics ………………………….. 298 – Kaga.wa-ApostJe to the Poor, H. W. – Gandhi's Appeal ………………………. 867 – Gift to China ………………………….. 626 Meyers ; ……………………………… 501 – Gospel by Post ………………………… 226 – Kindergartens, Value of ……………….. 630 – – Team at 'Agra College ………………. 464 – Kingdom of God Movement ……… 551, 698, 948 – Hamlet Life in, James M. Baker …….. 273 – Kingdom of God Movement, Toyohiko – Hindu-Moslem Division ……………….. 625 – – Pilgrim, Story of a, J. Chadwick Jack- Kagawa …………………………….. 836 – Leper Work, Empress Aids ……………. 396 son ………………………………….. 325 – Marshall Islands, Mission to ………….. 231 – Hindus, Baptism of Caste ……………… 464 – Movies, American ………………….. .468,699 – "Holi" Festival, Unholy, Iva M. Fish …. 444 – Newspaper Evangelism ………………… 699 – Illiteracy and Poverty …………………. 867 – Newspaper, Kingdom of God ………. 302,468 – Jones, E. Stanley …… : …………… ; …. 547 – – Night Schools ……………………….. 948 – Kelthabn Case …………………………. 6 – Peasant Gospel Schools ……………….. 698 -:- Layman's Inquiry ……………………… 153 _ Philanthropist ………………………….. 873 – Leper Life …………………………….. 710 – Population, Increased …………………. 230 – Literature, Christian, William Paton ….. 775 – Purity Campaign ………………………. 396 – Lutheran Cooperation ………………….. 945 – Religion and Anti-Religion ……………. 787 – Madura Incident ……. : ……………….. 392 – Religious Interest, Gordon Chapman …… 279 – Missionaries Address, Christians ………. 227 – – Liberty, Lack of …………………… 871 – Missionary Sadhus, E.Jizabeth G. Lewis … 169 – Revealing Christ in, Toyohiko Kagawa …. 165 – Model Village Plan …•….•……………. 945 – Rural Experiment, E. M. Clark ……….. 751 .:,- Moslems Fail to Agree ……………….. 782 – Spiritual Advance …………………….. 354 – National Missionary Society Jubilee …… 300 – Student Radicalism ……………………. 787 – Ongole, Fifty Years in ……………… ~ .. 868 – – Thought Changing ………………….. 302 – Opportunity Widens …………………… 783 – "Suicide Doctor," Mrs. Jo, Mayme Moore. 597 – Pasumalai Uplift Society ………………. 226 – Temperance and Hara Klri …………… 872 – Population Increase …………………… 391 – Vice Investigations ……………………. 786 – Poverty and the Gospel, Arthur C. Boggess 725 – 'Vomen Buddhist Priests ………………. 630 – – – III iteraey ………………………….. 867 – – Votes for ……………………………. 302 – Present Situation ………………………. 709 – Worship, Places of ……………………… 14~ -:- Punjab Mission ………………………… 334 -Yo M. C. A …………………………….. 303 -,– Purdah, Away With …………………… 73 Japanese Exclusion Act …………………. 787 – Research Work for Boys and Girls ……. 205 – Christians and China ………………….. 948 – Revival in Hyderabad …………………. 249 Jew Was Shocked, Why a, Jacob Silverman 191 – Round Tahle Conference ………………. 202 Jews Alone? Christians Let ……………… 516 – Self-government and Communalism …… 390 – Become Christians, John Stuart Conning.. 905 – Social Purity ………………………….. 300 Judaism, Giving Up ………….,…………. 155 – SorabJl's Grave, At Miss ……………… 710 .Jugoslavia-Protestantism …… : ………….. 793 – Testimony, Hindu Woman's …………… 548 Juvenile Delinquents …………………….. 951 – Thoburn, Isabella, College, Marjorie Dim- 'Kaleidoscopic Glimpses of Asia. Edward M.

mitt …………………………………. 618 Dodd ………………………………… 885 – l1ntouchables in Schools ……………….. 547 Korea-Advances ………….. 231,469, &52, 631, 87:1 – Wanless Sanitarium …………………… 782 – Ashury College Team in ……………….. 30~ – Women's College ………………………. 464 – Bible Training in Seoul ……………… 397 —: – Conference, All-Asia ………………… 298 – Building a New. Delavan L. Pierson …… 23 lndian Bishop. New ……………………… 299 – Chinese, Among ……………………. 700,873 – Lawyer, A Remarkable, D. A. Yardi. …… 907 – Christians. Struggle of, Herbert E. Blair 485 "- Laymen's Association ………………….. 299 – Churrh, New ………………………….. 63() '– Missionary at Kalighat ………………… 391 – Cooperation in Seoul ………………….. 76 – View of Christian Missions, B. C. Ishwar- – Cross Currents in ……………………….. 949 – Dedication at Pyengyang ………………. 552 das …………………………………… 97 – Evangelist, Lay …… .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … 700 – Medical Evangelism …………………… 699 International Relations Courses …………… 138 – Methodism United ……………………… 14~ Interracial Office Force, Florence E. Quinlan 57 – Pastor's Work ………………………… 788 Iraq-Freedom In, Greater ………………. 334 – Pierson Memorial Bible School ………… 397 – Government Problems in ………………. 153 – Prayer Meeting, Mrs. W. D. Reynolds …. 512 Ireland-Men of Dublin, EvangeliZing Young, – Revival In …………………………..76,468 – Sai Nai Reforms ………………………. 397 Reg. Wallis …………………………. 657 – Schools, Need for ………….. , ……….. 787 Islam and Modern Culture ………………. 224 Palle Page Korea–Sunday-school Institute …………… 144 Missionary Life in Africa and America, Lil- lian Oyler ………………………….. 841 – Tithing Storehouse …………………….. 398 – Wayside, Seed hy the …………………. 304 – on Furlough, Farmer, Brayton C. Case .. 747 – Women, Educating …………………….. 230 – Review of the World-Annual Meeting … 28~ Koreans, Poverty of, Francis O. Clark … " 736 – Service, Why Go Into …………………. 746 Lrubrador-Grenfell Hospital Burned …….. 148 – Training, Venture in, J. Lovell Murray 123 Latin America-Bible Distribution ……….. 68 – Work, Hindrance to …………………… 281 – – Caribbean Seminar ………………….. 68 – 'Vorth. How Much Is a ……………….. 365 –Churches, New ……………………… 385 Missions, Definition of ………………….. 155 – – Workers Wanted ……………………. 219 – Dependent and Independent …………… 524 Laymen-Men and Missions Sunday ……… 874 – Nerve of ………………………………. 522 – Sball We Revive the, C. H. Patton …….. 816 Mohammedanism Waning? ……………….. 781 Laymen's Foreign Mission Inquiry …….. 552,635 Mormonism Grows, How …………………. 471 League of Nations, First Decade …………. 65 Mormons, Why Give Gospel to, William E.

Leipzig Mission, Change in ………………. 942 La Rue ……………………………… 844 Lepers, Work for, William M. Danner ….. 329 Morocco-Medical Work …………………. 708 – Poems ………………………………….. 843 Moslem Appraises Missions ………………. 866 – Uprising in China ……………………… 142 Lever That Lifts the World, David Mc- . Conaughy ……………………………. 530 Moslems? How Give Gospel to, Mohammed Liberia, Slavery in …………………….. 71,313 Abdul Gayyum Daskawie ……………. 270 Literature Committee, Women's …………. 376 – in France …………………………….. 543 Lithuania, Protestants in ……………….. 312 – Under 1I1e American Flag, Frank Laubach 343 London Missionary Society ……………….. 70 Motion Pictures and Foreign Missions, James Lutherans, "Foreign Missions" to ……….. 311 Tooker Ford ……………………….. 611 MacDonald, A. Caroline, of Tokyo, M. C. G. Museum. MiSSionary …………………….. 553 Fraser ………………………………. 890 Negro Women Courageous ……………….. 634 McDowell, Mrs. William Fraser …………. 217 Negro's Religion …………………………. 471 Marshall Islands ………………………… 231 New Guinea (Papua) Changes in ……….. 470 Medical Work …………………………….. 66 – – Missions ……………~ ……………….. 538 Meeting the World's Greatest Need, John R. New Hebrides-Missionaries Needed ……… 232 Mott …………………………………. 10 New Zealand, Earthquake in ……………. 306 Men and Missions Anniversary ………….. 636 – – "School of the Prophets" …………… 513 – What the Church Offers ……………….. 34 – – Then and Now ………………………. 631 Message for Today. James I. Vance ……… 204 – – youth ………………………………… 788 Methods-All fo,. Christ …………………. 447 Nicaragua, Baptist Work ………………… 472 – Candle-Lighting Service ……………….. 526 – Earthquake …………………………….. 385 – Children, Enrolling ……………………. 850 – Missionary Murdered ………………….. 473 – Children's Work and Adults ………….. 128 Nigeria-Church Growth …………………. 389 – Devotional Service …………………. 129,403 – Gospel Seeks ………………………….. 545 – Education in the Home, Mrs. O. S. Davis 206 Nightingale, Florence, Creed of ………… 192 – Game. Missionary Geography ………….. 854 Non-Christian World, Trends, Samuel M. – Gift Givers, J. Neal Griffith ……………. 925 Zwemer ……………………………… 251 – Giving as Worship …………………….. 613 Norway, Religion in Schools ……………. 862 – Home, Beginning at, Mrs. P. H. Austin .. 212 Opium and League of Nations …………… 796 – Honor Points, Recording ………………. 850 Optimist's Creed …………………………. 780 – Husbands, Uninterested, Mrs. N. W. Nolen 212 Outlook for 1931 ………………………….. 49 – Laymen's Missionary Sunday …………. 853 Outlook on the New Year. Robert E. Speer 5 – Men's Meeting ………………………… 291 Palestine, Crisis in, S. B. Rohold ………… 276 -Mission Study Programs ……………….. 926 – Hospice in Jerusalem …………………. 781 – Negro Meeting …………………………. 290 – Jews 'Welcomed in Hebron ……………. 624 – Parent, Reaching the ………………….. 291 – Modernized …………………………….. 781 – Playlet, Chinese ………………………. 373 – Missionary Council …………………….. 866 – – Medical Missions ……………………. 63 – Orphanage Work, Sixty Years of ……… 943 – – Straw_Baby, Mary Brewster Hollister .. 63 – Fnrest …………………………………. 781 – Posters …………………………………. 530 Panama Canal Zone ….. : ……………….. '543 – Prayer. Mrs. H. W. Bippus …………… 852 Papua, GOing to School in ……………….. 950 – Prize Hymn, God, Low Brooding on the Peace Pact, Getting Behind the .. 58,485,789,875 Deep ………………………………… 928 – – for Twenty-seven ;'ations …………… 221 – Produce Results? What, Robert Laws … 17 – Working Together for, Elinor K. Purves .. 534 – Reports, Interesting …………………… 850 Persia Changing …………………. .463,546, 709 – Rural Fields ………………………… 768, 850 – Ferment in ……………………………. 390 – Story. Best Home Mission …………….. 208 – Gospel in ……………………………… 3]5 – – Telling, Maud F. Roby ……………… 131 – Mcdical Advance ………………………. 782 – Stranger Within Thy Gates, Halladay – Opportunities in ……………………….. 334 Woods ………………………………. 768 – Request for a Doctor …………………. 463 – Training of Missionary Mary, Eleanor – l'nloosing God's Word. 'Vm. M. Wysham 12] Porter ………………………………. 208 Persian Rugs and Human Life ………. , …. 944 – Treasurer's Report, Vitalizing, Mrs. M. H. Personals-Alexander, Dr. Will W ……….. 883 Osborne ……………………………… 212 – Athearn, Walter Scott ………. 2d cover, Nov. – Villages in Scripture and Song ……….. 690 – Azariah, George ………………………. 403 – Work for Boys and Girls ……………… 205 – Barncs, C. Rankin ……………………… 241 – 'Vrong? Are Our Missionary, Paul W. – Barton, .Tames L. . ……………………. 162 IIarrison …………………………….. 415 – Berry, Martha ………………………… 482 MexiCO-Autonomy ……………………….. 542 – Boole, Ella A. .. ……………………….. 561 – Church I,aw Trouble ………………….. 703 – Burleson, Bishop Hugh L ……………… 883 – Earthquake …………………………….. 300 – In the League of Nations ……………… 937 – Brickman. Helen M. . …… 561, 2d cover, Nov. – New Days …………………………….. 148 – Brooks, Charles A. . ………… 3d cover, F'eb. – Protestant Work ………………………. 542 – Sunday-school ; …………………………. 219 – Campbell, Mary J. .. ………… 3d cover, F'eb. Mexican Indians … ; ……………………… 937 – Carver, Dr. . …………………………… 880 Mission Boards Non-Conductors? Are, Paul – Chester, S. H. . ……………………….. 211 Harrison …………………………….. 756 – Lands, Present Crisis in, Delavan L. – Chitambar, Jashwant Rao ……………… 163 Pierson ……………………………… 435 – Condit, James H. . ………….. 2d cover, Jan. – Work? Shall We Simplify, Paul W. Har- – Crawford. Mrs. Dan ………… 2d cover, Jan. rison ………………………………… 587 – Datta, S. K ………………….. 2d co~r. Nov. Missionaries at Christmas ……………….. 765 – Davis, Carroll M. . ………….. 3d cover, Feb. – Preparation for, Paul W. Harrison …… 805 – Deck, Northcote ………………………. 48~ – Eddy. George Sherwood ………………. 162 – Goforth, Jonathan ………………………………..;.-..'..4 …….8 … 241 – Goheen, John L. 2 Page Page Personals-Graham, J. A…………………. 83 Prayer Program for Young People, Bernice – Grenfell, Wilfred …………….3d cover, Feb. – Hutchinson, Marion K. . •..•….3d Cover, Dec. Hall Legg …………………………… 933 – Jones, E. Stanley ……………. 2d cover, Jan. – Week of ……………………………….. 66 – Kagawa, Toyohlko ……………………. 642 – World Day of, Mrs. John P. White…..55,855 – Lee, Mrs. Ada ………………………….. 403 Praying for Missionaries, A. J. Gordon …… 811 – Limouze, Arthur Henry ……………….. 643 Presbyterian Foreign Mission, Century of .. 633 – Maclennan, Kenneth ………… 2d cover, Nov. – Union Voted in U. S. …………………. 66 – MacNeill, John ………………………… 879 Prosperity Return? When 'VIII …………. 612 – Mathews, Basil ………………………… 483 Protestant Episcopal Church and India …. 634 – McConaughy, David ………….3d cover, Feb. – – F'inances ………….. . .. .. . .. . . . . . . .. .. … 307 – Moore, John M…………………………. 241 Race and Brotherhood ……………………. 876 – Mott, John R. ……………….3d cover, Feb. – Tragedy of, N. Usami …………………. 780 – Nelson, Rev. Bert …………………….. 883 Radio, How Missionaries Use, H. W. Peet .. 832 – Neve, Ernest F. .. …………………….. 721 Religion, Shall We "Force" Our, C. B. Mc- – Patton, Carl S. .. ………………………. 561 – Peter, W. W …………………………… 880 Afee …………………………………. 735 – Petrie, M. Josephine ………………….. 321 Religions, Prodigal Son Among, Samuel M. – Quinlan, Florence E. . …………………. 162 – Ritchie, John ……………….. 2d cover, Nov. Zwemer ……………………………… 179 – Ritson, J. H …………………………… 403 Religious Education in Mountain Schools, – Robertson, Alexander ……….3d '-'ver, April – Robertson, C. H. .. …………………….. 880 Mrs. Verner G. Early ………………. 187 – Roome, W. J. W. .. …………………… 403 – Membership of the World ……………… 460 – Rule, Ruth B. ……………….2d cover, Nov. Remember, Twelve Things to ……………. 460 -Rushbrooke, J. H ……………………… 721 Revell, F'leming H. . ……………………… 849 – Schweitzer, Dr. Albert , .. " ….2d cover, Jan. Rohold, S. B. …………………………….. 520 – Scudder, Ida S……………………….. , .. 403 Roman Catholics, Statistics ……………… 234 – Smith, Fred B. . ……………………….. 561 Rumania-Protestants …………………….. 622 – TrowIJrldge, Stephen Van R. . .3d covel', Feb. Rural Areas of World, Unreached………… 65 – Upson, A. T. . ……………… 3d cover, April Russia-Atheism and Christianity '" .312, 387, 794 – Wainwright, S. H ……………………… 321 – Cathedral Bombed …………………….. 864 – Wang, C. T …………………………….. 561 – Church Closed …………………………. 222 – Wanless, William ……………………… 162 – Futurist Town ………………………… 622 – Watson, Charles R. .. …………………. 162 – White, Charles L. . ………….3d cover, Feb. – Gospel on the Frontier ……………….. 793 – White, J. Campbell ………… 3d cover, April – Intolerance ………………………….. 387, 706 – White, W. W. .. ……………………….. 482 – Plight of Christians ………………….. 608 – Wilkie, D.D., Rev. A. W ……..3d Cover, Dec. – Sect, New ………………… , ………….. 476 – Williams. Walter B ……………………. 403 – Seen in Soviet …………………………. 70 – Willoughby, W. C……………………… 642 – Wireless Propaganda ……… , ………….. 311 – Woodard, Adelaide ……………………. 643 Russian Refugees, Stranded …………….. 222 Peru-Indigenous Church ………………… 7M Sabbath Observance. Temporal Value of …. 697 – Minister of Mercy, Samuel G. Inman ….. 812 Salary Cuts and "No Retreat" ………….. 918 – Rebellion .. . .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. . . . . . . .. . . .. 309 Salvation Army, Changes ………………150,386 – Revival ………………………………632 862 San Domingo, Protestants in …………….. 68 Philippines-Books Wanted, Florence G.' Scientist, Faith of ………………………. 846 Scotland-Duff, Alexander ……………….. 150 Tyler ………………………………… 775 – Forward Movement in, Donald Fraser, 149,363 – Children, Work for ……………………. 874 SeU-Support and Evangelism ……………. 553 – Churches Unite ………………………… 701 Serbian Patriarch for Cooperation ………. 544 – DiSCiples ……………………………….. 539 Siam, Burmese Gospel Team in … , ………. 113 – Field, New …………………………….. 700 – Christian Council ………………………. 711 – Christians Accept Responsibilities …….. 354 =- Flllplnizing MiSSions ………………….. 305 – Land of King Prajadhipok, George T. Scott 431 ifg:-gt'i3a~~~dg.. ::::::::::: ::::::: ::::: :::::: ~~ – Lepers Give to Missions ………………. 945 – Missions Encouraged …………… 393, 549,711 – Moros, Bibles for ……………………… 874 – Surprising Kingdom. Mrs. F. 1. Johnson 601 Singh, Sadhu Sundar, Harry W. Nissanka .. 915 – – of Mindanao, Frank Laubach ……….. 343 Slavery in Liberia ……. , ………………. 71, 313 – Youth Movement ……………………… 469 – Modern …………….. , ………………… 120 Pocket Testament League In Portugal ……. 621 Socotra, Island of ……………………….. 944 Soderblom. Jonathan ……………………. 794 Poem-Commiss,loned, Henry ,V. Frost …… 100 Sorabji, Susie …………………………… 445 South America-Airplane, Gospel by …….. 309 – Gift, Dante Gabrielle Rosetti ………….. 92 – – Campaign, Evangelistic ……………… 474 – Give a Thought to Africa Hosea K. – Seas-Cu Its …………………….. ,…….. 382 – – Progress ……………………………… 126 Nyahonga ……………… : ………….. 660 Soy Bean Milk, E. T. Rosenberger ………. 371 – God's Handwriting …………………….. 86 Spain-Illiteracy Drive ………………. , …. 621 – Ideal Society ………………………….. 774 – Disestablishes the Church ……………… 939 – "If"-for Missionaries, Evelyn H. Walms- – Liberty in New, Wayne H. Bowers ……. 570 – Protestantism in ……………………. 150,411 ley ………………………………….. 5110 Spanish Republic ………………………… 544 – Immanuel, J. S. Hoyland ……………… 58 – – and Protestantism, Juan Orts Gonzalez. 565 – Missionary …………………………….. 408 Speer, Robert E., Anniversary …………… 919 – On the Indian Road, Pearl D. Langley .. " 930 – Prayer, A. Mildred Watson …………… 200 Statistics-Canada Church Giving ……….. 67 – Praying. Witnessing Together, F. M. North 136 – Church Members ……………………… 217 – What of the Night, 0 Watchman? …….. 9 – Communism ……………………………. 864 Poems hy Lepers ………………………… 843 – Crime in P. S. ,……………………….. 67 Poland, Visit to …………………………. 705 – Medical Missions ………………………. 66 Policies, Crisis in Missionary, Delavan L. – Missionary Giving …………………. , … 821 – National Churches ………………… " … 125 Pierson ……………………………… 603 Stewardship. Christian ………………….. , 818 Poor Be Christians? Can, Paul W. Harrison 493 – Conference, W'orld, David McConaughy .. 819 Porto Rican Children, Feeding ………….. 149 Straws in the Missionary Wind, Lois .J. Elder 509 Porto Rico-Auto, Chapel ……………….. 861 Student Volunteer Convention, Coming ….. 796 – – Church, United, F. L. Brownlee ……. 263 – – Movement, Recruits Nemled· …………. 315 – – Hospital, St. Luke's ………………… 703 Students from the Orient ……………….. 923 – – Merger. New ……………………….. 791 Sudan-Religious Freedom ……………….. 866 – Trained Leaders for …………………… 938 Sumatra News …………………………… 538 Portugal-Pocket Testament League in ….. 621 Sunday-school Statistics …………………. 275 Poverty and the Gospel, Arthur C. Boggess 725 Sweden-Missions in …………………….. 544 Prayer. Call to …………………………… 54 Swedish Missions ………………………… 221 – for Officers and Staffs …………………. 297 – – Unity ………………………………… 860 Page Page Swiss Missions .••…•…………………….. 940 United States-oriental Problem …………. 385 Syria-Advance …………………………… 334 – – Presbyterian Union Voted ………….. 66 – Aleppo, Ten Years at …………………. 152 – – Prohibition and the Church ……….. 383 – United Missionary Council …………….. 866 – – – Failed? Has ……………………… 767 – Women Make Demands ……………….. 546 – – – on the Bowery ……………………. 147 Syrian Mission, British ………………….. 72 – – Scholarship ………………………….. 381 Temperance Forces, Allied ……………….. !l5O – – Religion …………………………..146,540 Ten Months at the Front, D. L. Pierson …. 51 – – – Can America Endure Without, John Testament Campaign, Million …………… 796 Tsal, Story of Miss ………………………. 916 McDowell ……………………………. 684 Turkey Anti-Missionary …………………. 709 – – – in America-Whither? Hugh T. Kerr 645 – Education, New ……………………. 297,314 – – Religious Census ….. , ………………. 232 – Christian Monthly …………………….. 390 – – "Restoration Fund," U. P …………… 472 – Forward Looking ……………………314, 709 – – Rural Youth, Jay S. Stowell ………. 349 – Imitating America ……………………… 72 – – Schoois of Missions …………………. 233 – Loudspeakers, Muezzins' ………………. 314 – – Self-Support and Giving ……………. 384 – Religious Education …………………… 867 – – Silver Bay ………………………….. 542 – Schools. Allen …………………………. 623 – – Social Work Conference ……………. 541 – "Yellow" Editors Jailed ……………….. 867 – – Student Religion ……………………. 701 Turkish Citizen ………………………….. 297 – – Students, Foreign …………………… 307 Turks Are Reading, What ……………….. 463 – – Town Churches and Country Needs … 876 Unemployment, Minister Solves ………….. 826 – – Tuskegee Jubilee ……………………. 384 Union, Church …………………………… 6?6 – – Unchurched Americans, Elizabeth R. – in India, Manifesto on Church ………… 100 – Prayer for Spiritual …………………… 460 Hooker ……………………………… 667 – Presbyterian ……………………………. u6 – – Union, Vermont Church ……………. 472 United States-Automobile Ravages …….. 540 – – Un()/jcial Ambassadors ……………… 307 – – Berea College ………………………. 384 – – ""estminster' College, Utah ………….. 308 – – Bible House of Los Angeles ………… 632 – – Workers, Heiping Homeless, Adela J. – – – i n Southern Night Schools ……….. 541 – – Broadcasting Religion ………………. 875 Ballard ……………………………… 827 – – Boys' Prayer Meeting ………………. 703 – – Workers, Statistics on ……………… 232 – – Chautauqua Institutes ………………. 379 – – Y. M. C. A. and Religion ………….. 789 – – Chicago ……………………………… 703 – – – Investigating the …………………. 232 –Chlldren WhO Need Help' …………… 146 Unity, Prayer for ……………………….. 860 – – Chinese Missions ……………………. 540 Un reached Rural Areas of the World ……. 65 – – – Newspaper Evangelism ……………. 234 Venezuela-Church Conflict ……………… 309 – – Churches, Facts About ……………… 383 – Missions ……………………………….. 220 – – – National Mission .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … 306 – – Open Door ………………………….. 364 – – Congregationalists and Christians Unite 702 War? Can Rellgion Stop, Henry A. Atkinson 37 – – Covered Wagon, New ……………….. 789 – Cause and Cure of …………………….. 935 – – Crime Bill …………………………… 67 – Church Against ……………………….. 218 – – Disciples Cut E,xpenses …………….. 875 – Clergymen and ……………………….. 713 -…,- Dry Newspaper, Daily ……………… 631 – Cost of ………………………………… 849 – – Episcopal Churches …………………. 233 Whom Shall We Send? Paul W. Harrison .. 805 – – Evangelized, How a City was, S. M. Womanhood and Christ ………………….. 72 Woman's Union, Mrs. E. Tallmadge Root … 216 Shoemaker ……………………. . . .. … 651 Women, Appeal of ………………………. 295 – – Florida Assemblies ………………. 233,378 – Emancipation of ……………. 2d cover, July – – Football and Gospel ………………… 316 – the World Over ………………………. 617 – – Jails, How to Close …………………. 67 – Unite in Service ………………………. 532 – – Japanese in New York …………..147,540 Working Man and the Church, Edgar M. – – Law Observance ……………………. 632 – – Liquor Traffic and the Church ………. 383 Wahlberg ……………………………. 822 – – Loyalty Crusades …………………… 306 World Alliance for Friendship ………….. 876 – – Lynchings Since 1885 ……………….. 620 – Conditions Reviewed …………………… 705 – – Men's Congress in Cincinnati ……….. 145 – Court, Esther E. Lape …………………. 777 – – Methodist Conference ……………….. 702 – – Material ……………………………… 218 – – Migrant Field, Edith Lowry ………. 536, 692 – – Moslems ……………………………… 540 – Day of Prayer ………………………… 213 – – Mountaineers, Religious Education, Mrs. – Dominion Movement ……………………. 713 Verner G. Eariy …………………… 187 – – Negro Community Center ………….. 233 – Missions at Chattanooga, David M. Sweets 355 – – Negroes After Emancipation ……….. 307 –New York a Foreign City …………… 950 – Organize the, Mrs. Lucia A. Mead ……. 294 – – Oriental, As Seen By An, Paul Auh .. 687 – Student Federation ……………………. 789 World's Greatest Need, John R. Mott ……. 10 – Sunday-school Convention in Rio …….. 220 – – – Statistics ………………………….. 276 Young People and the Church, Ralph McAfee 267 Youth Are Wanted ……………………… 689 BOOKS REVIEWED Page Page China Christian Year Book ……………… 953 Adventures in Pbilosophy and Religion, China Year Book, 1!131, H. G. W. Woodhead. 539 James B. Pratt …………………….. 319 China's Crucifixion, Putnam Weale ……… 157 China's Revolution From the InSide, R. V. African Stories, Albert D. Helser ………. 237 Allen, Young J., "The Man Who Seeded Lo …………………………………… 560 Christ of the Burma Road, V. W. Dyer …. 878 China," Warren A. Candler …….•.. 399 Christian Mission in Rural India, Kenyon L. Amazon and Andes, Kenneth G. Grubb …. 317 Bahaism: Its Origin, History and Teach- Butterfield …………………………… 557 Christians and Jews Report ……………… 714 ings, William McE. Miller ………….. 798 Christians in China Before 1550, A. C. Moule 79 Bantu Are Coming, Ray E. Phillips ………. 78 Clash of World Forces, Basil Mathews …. 478 Beautiful Gold-A Story of Burma, Robert Coming Religion, Nathaniel Schmidt ……. 160 Community Religion and the Denominational B. Thurber ………………………… 798 Behind Mud Walls, Charlotte V. Wiser alld Heritage, Various Authors …………. 80 Confucius and ConfUcianism, Richard William H. Wiser ………………….. 77 Bible Characters in the Koran, John Walker 800 Wilhelm …………………………….. 639 Books for Young People …………………. 80 Country Parson Looks at Religion, Harold By My Spirit, Jonathan Goforth ………… 637 Case for India, John S. Hoyland ……….. 79 A. Prichard ………………3d cover, Sept. Challenge of Russia, Sherwood Eddy …… 477 Page Page Death Valley, Bourke Lee ………………. 160 Porto Rico and Its Problems …………… 236 Directory of Protestant Missions in China, Preacher and His Missionary Message, 1930, C. L. Boynton, Ed. . ……….320, 480 Stephen J. Corey ……………………. 157 Education for World-Mindedness, Albert Preaching Value of Missions, Helen B. Mont- John Murphy ……………………….. 559 gomery ………………….. :.. .. . .. .. … 800 Evangelical Christianity in the Philippines, Protestant Cooperation in American Cities, Camilo Osias and Avelina Lorenzana … 318 H. Paul Douglass ………………….. 554 Evangelization of Pagan Africa, J. Du Quakers as Pioneers in Social Work. Au- Plessis ………………………………. 158 guste Jorns …………………………. 878 Everyland Children-Candy and Love, Lucy Rainbow Missionary Stories, Stella M. Rudy 80 W. Peabody …………………………. 640 Realism in Romantic Japan, Miriam Beard 160 Ewing, Archibald Orr, Marshall Broomball. 637 Reconstructing India, Edward Thompson .. 79 Fellowship of TOil, John McDowell …….. 480 Reform Movement in Judaism, David Philip- son ………………………………….. 556 Field Is the World, James 1. Vance …….. 637 Religion in West Africa, Missionary Survey 558 First H 0 s pit a I at Lambarene. Albert Schweitzer ………………………….. 954 Religion of Jesus, Toyohlko Kagawa …….. 716 Religion in a Changing World, Abba Hillel Forty Years on the Labrador-Life Story of Sir Wilfred Grenfell, Ernest H. Hayes 237 Silver ………………………………. 156 Gods of Wealth and War, J. L. Stewart …. 720 Religion on the American Frontier, W. W. God's World. Cornelius H. Patton ……….. 963 Sweet ……………………………….. 800 Grass Roof. Younghlll Kang …………….. 639 Report of World's Committee of the Y. M. Guinness of Honan, Mrs. Howard Taylor…. 560 C. A………………………………… 720 Romance of the Black River-Story of the Handbook of the Churches. Ed. by Charles Stelzle ………………………………. 318 C. M. S. Nigeria Mission, F. Deaville Walker ……………………………… 236 Hands Around the World, Archer Wallace 80 Hannington, James. J. Johnson Leak ….. 239 Rural Billion, Charles M. McConnell ……. 714 Helping People Grow, Daniel J. Fleming .. 559 Schweitzer, Albert: The Man and His Work, John D. Regester …………………… 478 Hinduism Invades America, Wendell Thomas 159 Hinterlands of the Churches, E. R. Hooker 714 Seen and Heard in a Punjab Village, Miriam Young ……………………………….. 638 India: Land of the Black Pagoda, Lowell Thomas ……………………………… 717 Sindiga the Savage, Eric A. Beavon ……… 78 India's Religion and Christianity Compared, Sketches from Missionary Life in Spain. E. H. Trenchard … .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … 240 Rudolf Otto …………………………. 718 Japan Mission Year Book …………….320.798 Social Work Year Book, Fred S. Hall …… 399 Jewish Calendar for 1931 ………………… 239 "So Send I You"-Mlsslonary Studies, Os- Jumping Beans, Robert N. McLean …….. 158 wald Chambers .. .. .. .. …. .. .. .. …….. 319 Spirit Filled Life, George Goodman ……. . Key of Progress: Survey of Women In India, Several Contributors ……………….. 638 ……………………………. 3d cover, Oct. Stewardship Parable of Jesus, Roswell C. Korea: The Old and the New, Ella-Sue Long ………………………………… 479 Wagner ……………………………… 718 Land of Behest, Constance E. Padwick …. 478 Story of the Near East Relief, James L. Barton ………………………………. 157 Lands Across the Seas …………………… 77 Life of Cardinal Newman, Gaius Glenn At- Studies in Christian Stewardship ………… 954 kins …………………………………. 719 Study of the Student Home of China, Ava Life of Jesus, Basil Mathews ……………. 555 B. Milam ……………………………. 79 Living with the Bible, Mary SchauIller Platt 317 Lutheran Mission YearboOk, 1931 ………… 640 Tailum Jan-A Christian Widow in Upper "Ma," the Heroine of Calabar, Esther E. Burma, A. T. Houghton …………… 480 Enoch ……………………………….. 80 Tales of India. Various Authors …………. 80 Main, Doctor, of Hangchow, Kingston De Tamarisk Garden Blessed with Rain, Auto- Gruche ………………………………. 156 biography of Pastor Ren …………… 159 Making of Modern Missions, Stacy R. War- Tanganyika's New Day, G. A. Chambers .. 798 burton ………………………………. 797 Martyn, Henry, of Persia, Jessie Page ….. 80 Through Brazilian Jungleiands with the Message of the Home Mission Congress .. Book, F. C. Glass ………………….. 80 …………………………….3d cover, Oct. Through the Lands of Nyanza, William J. Miracle Lives in China. Rosalind and Jona- W. Roome ………………………….. 239 than Goforth ……………………….. 720 To the Ends of the World and Back, J. Walker McSpadden …………… : ….. 878 Missionary Stories ……………………….. 134 Torchlights to the Cherokees: The Brainerd Moody, D. L., W. R. Moody ……………… 78 MiSSion, Robert S. Walker …………. 877 Morals of Tomorrow, Ralph W. Sockman .. 317 Turn Toward Peace, Florence B. Boeckel … 80 Negro Year Book, Monroe N. Work………. 953 Twice Born Chinese, Charles E. Scott …… 716 New Hand Book of Denominations …… .. Uncle Sam's Attic, Mary Lee Davis …….. 236 ……………………………3d cover, Sept. Ursula, L. A. Barter-Snow ………………. 80 Northern Republics of South America, Ken- Vassar, Uncle John, Thomas E. Vassar ….. 716 neth G. Grubb …………………….. 877 Waste-Basket Surgery, Gordon S. Seagrave 556 "Out of the Depths"-Life Story of Henry We Are Alaskans, Mary Lee Davis………. 954 F. Milans, C. W. Hall …………….. 799 Will America Become Catholic? John F. Pacific Islands, Missionary Survey, J. W. Moore ……………………………….. 878 Burton ………………………………. 479 Within the Four Seas-A Shantung Idyl, Pastor and Religious Education, Harry C. Paul Richard Abbott ………………. 765 Munro ………………………………. 235 Words of God in an African Forest, W. R. People and Politics of South America, Mary Wheeler …………………………….. 797 W. Wllliams ……………………….. 156 World Revolution and Religion, Paul Hutch- Pioneering for Jesus. the Story of Henrietta inson ………………………………… 717 Hall Shuck. T. S. Dunaway ………… 240 X Y Z of Communism, Ethan T. Colton ….. 399

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1931

McCLANAHAN lIIEllllORIAL-A COMMUNITY HALL AT THE CHRISTIAN LEPER VILLAGE, CHIENG MAl

Help Rea~h Japanese Youth with the Gospel THE KINGDOM OF GOD MOVEMENT is beginning a magazine for Japanese young people under the editorial control of TOYOHIKO KAGAWA It will bear all the marks of his evangelistic genius. It will specialize in Bible study, nature study, Christian biography of all ages and races, cooperative living and prayer. THE COMMITTEE ON CHRISTIAN LITERATURE FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN in mission lands is helping. Will you pray and give? Send contributions to Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgomery, Chairman 144 Dartmouth St., Rochester, New York Will You Help Send the Gospel to Moslems?

Christ and His Message are interpreted to Moslems through Christian Literature published in Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Urdu, Panjabi, Chinese and other languages spoken by Moslems.

By your prayers and gifts you can help to supply this much needed Christian literature for Egypt Syria lrak China Morocco Palestine Persia Java Algiers Turkey India Sumatra Tunis Arabia Malaysia South Africa Will you help the Christian missionaries in these countries by sending your gicrts through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems cooperating with the Nile Mission Press and Interdenominational Committees, on the field?

BOARD OF DIRECTORS Rev. William I. Chamberlain, D.D., President Delavan L. Pierson, Dr. Robert E. Speer, Vice Presidents Mrs. William Bancroft Hill, Honorary Vice President Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D.D., Field Secretary Dr. William B. Anderson Miss Anna A. Milligan, Rec. Sec. Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Mrs. William Borden Dr. James Cantine, Cor. Sec. Mrs. James M. Montgomery Dr. Robert W. Searle Rev. Thomas S. Donohugh Mrs.. E. E. Olcott, Treas. Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Dr. John H. Raven Mr. Fennell P. Turner Send your contributions to The Treasurer, 116 East 68th Street, New York City.

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Publication Olllce, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Why not present these magazines Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year.

Editorial and Business Olllee, 156 Fifth Avenue, as Christmas gifts to friends. New York City The Commun..y Churchman Entered as second·class matter at the Post Park Ridge, Ill. Olllee, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March S. IB79.

Plf'RSe ll1pntion THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLn in writing to advprtisers. PERSONALS p~~~~~~" 'M ~,. ~omdbmg jitW for (;ijristmas BISHOP HUGH L. BURLESON, Bishop of South Dakota since 1916, was elected at ft Something ~11, the recent General Convention assistant From Far Away to the Presiding Bishop of the Protestant ~ Episcopal Church. He resigned his ~ Just a po9~!l};r!b!ng you full ~ diocesan office and his suffragan, Bishop ~ information about the beautiful silk and ~ Roberts, was elected Bishop of South linen cross-stitch work that is made in Dakota. ~ ~ ~ ~~~n~~~,e c~~na?n:::::~or;;:re inareTa~~~; ~ DR. WILL W. * AL*EXA*NDER, for some five hundred boys and girls who are workyears head of the Commission on Inter- ing hard to become useful ChrIstian racial Cooperation, with headquarters at young men and women. Atlanta, has accepted the position of acting president of the new Dillard Uni- We have something suitable as gifts versity in New Orleans. He will begin his new duties immediately, though pres- for children, young people and older folks. ent plans provide for him to continue as Buying these goods belps to encourage director of the Interracial Commission. a spirit of self-reliance in children who * * .. ~ would otherwise be dependent on kind- ~ DR. C. H. IRWIN retired September 23 hearted people for support. from the post of secretary and editor of the Religious Tract Society, with which The jncome from the sale of these goods Is used to help destitute boys and . .. he has been connected for 35 years. gb~i r~l~s~sb.eicnosmt eea du soeff ubl e cCo mh riinsgt i abnegm~aerns and ~~ and ~'M THE REV. A. C. SNEAD, the Foreign Secretary of the Christian and Mission- ft Our Specialty for Sunday School Classes 11, ary Alliance, has gone to Japan to hold this Season is a BE!autifuI Handa series of conferences with the mission- Painted Silk Bookmark. aries and J apariese leaders. Write at once fol" price Itst .. * .. and full informatIOn to THE REV. BERT NELSON, an American IJI 'M G. A. LUNDMARK missionary, has now been held by Communist bandits in Honan and Hupeh ¥t 'It: 2002 GRACE STREET, CHICAGO, ILL. L~;;;;~;;:~:d provinces for a year, and there are no present prospects of his being released. FOR LOVERS OF MISSIO~S He is a member of the Lutheran United HUMAN INTEREST STORIES from a new field Mission which has paid more than $10,000 in ransom to secure his release, in Belgian Congo, East Africa. but the bandits after receiving the money began making extravagant, not to say Three brle! storIes: "KATSUBUKIRO, the impudent, demands. eleven-year-old boy schoolmaster" ; "Death DR. HOWARD B'". G*ROS'"E, editor of Mis- Drums" ; and "Home Life of the Banandi Women." sions, and for many years senior vice- SUitable for missionary programs. Sent FREE by an interdenominational FAITH mission.

Address UNEVANGELIZED AFRICA ](ISSION, 536 South Hope St., Los Angel••, CalIfornia president of the International Society of Christian Endeavor, on September 5 COMING EVENTS December 30-January 3, 1932-STUDENT .. . .. celebrated his eightieth birthday. VOLUNTEER CONVENTION, Buffalo, MR. LESLIE B. Moss, of the Committee New York. of Reference and Counsel, will make a visit during the winter to the Far East. January 2-3-COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR He plans to leave late in November, HOM]" MISSIONS, ANNUAL MEETING, visiting mission work in Egypt and Toronto, Canada. spending approximately two months and a half in India and proceeding to China, January 4-6-HoME MISSIONS COUNCIL, Korea and Japan, returning to the ANNUAL MEETING, Toronto, Canada.

. .. .. United States about the first of June. January 12-15-FoREIGN MISSIONS CON- FERENCE OF NORTH AMERICA, Atlan- MISS CLEMENTINA BUTLER has been tic City, New Jersey.

granted leave of absence from the Wom- January 18-19-COUNCIL OF CHURCH an's Foreign Missionary Society of the BOARDS OF EDUCATION, Cincinnati, Methodist Church in order to attend the Ohio.

. . .. seventy-fifth anniversary of the found- January 24-CHIW LABOR DAY.

ing of the mission of the Methodist Epis- February 4-INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF copal Church in India. ~EL.IGIOUS EDUCATION, Chicago, 11- hnOls. REV. LEWIS R. SCUDDER, D.D., M.D., returned from India on October 12. February 12–WORLD DAY OF PRAYER.

(Concluded on Third Cover.) PIonso mention TrrE ~fISSI03!"RY REVJEW o1l' TRill WORm In writing to ndvortisrrs.

LIV, No.12 December

KALEIDOSCOPIC GLIMPSES OF ASIA BY EDWARD M. DODD, M.D., New York Medical Secreta.rrtl O'f the Presbyterian Board of Formfl'll Missions. Formerly a MissiO'lJary ,in Persia O UT of a kaleidoscope of im- Near the other end of our trip, pacts from a rapid world Dr. TooteU of the Hunan Mission tour what are the outstand- in China was telling me of seeing ing impressions? What are the Communists, who had been capones which bear the most signifi- tured by Nanking Government cantly on man's future and the troops, marched through the Christian enterprise? streets of Changsha to be behead- During a short stop in Paris, I ed. As they went along they shouted "Long live Communism." was walking through Versailles Their zeal, like the martyrs of old, with two chance companions from the bus load under the regis of the was stronger than any fear of apthoughtful Thos. Cook and Son. proaching death. One was an eager German stu- These are two glimpses of what dent; the other was an American we felt through so much of our Russian Jew from New York, who, trip-the huge question-mark- after seventeen years absence from J)ortentious or J)romising or mixed, Russia had been visiting his rela- which is represented by Russia.

tives and friends in Warsaw, Mos- But my thought has not been pricow, Kieff and various other parts marily Russia and Communism, of Soviet Russia. He had seen the though they are of vast significonditions close up and off parade. cance to the Christian enterprise, He had a mass of exceedingly in- so much as the thing which Russia teresting observations and reac- exemplifies so strikingly, and tions which he was thoughtfully which India and other countries sifting. Among other things, he also exemplify-the power of a was impressed with the fervent mastering idea. conviction and zeal of the younger generation, imbued to the finger- In this respect there has been a tips with the Communist thesis. profound change in the thinking of Sacrifice, patience and endurance great masses of people in Asia were all part of the game for the within the last decade, since I left great objective, crystallized in the Persia and travelled home by In- dia and the Far East. The old Five Year Plan. He was deeply static, passive, submissive East is impressed with this spirit. rapidly changing to a dynamic, ac- 885

tive, assertive East. This observa- which are part of a great compel- tion is commonplace enough, but ling, inspiring idea. Millions of the point which interested me people in India, China and Japan greatly was how the face of Asia are being stirred as never before.

was being changed by the power of Can conviction be met with any- sweeping ideas, which bear on in- thing less than conviction? Can dividual human life and on the we adapt ourselves to meet the new whole social order, and which are situation?

My brother and I were traveling by train from Angora, the capital of the new Turkey, to Talas, a sta- tion of the American Board, which had been our old home. The two other people in the compartment were a Turkish colonel (a World War veteran), and a younger offi- cer. The colonel proved to be a genial, democratic, soul, who was sociability personified. We were presently talking about everything under the sun-from personal af- fairs to politics. Then he offered to draw the scheme of the ambi- tious government program of rail- road building, which has already progressed far toward completion.

Each time, as he started to write down the name of some city, he automatically began with the old Arabic script, from right to left, but each time he caught himself, reversed, and began over ·again with the new Romanized writing in the opposite direction, and with THE DISAPPEARING VEILED WOMAN very evident pride in the latter. OF THE EAST This one change alone in Turkey being worked out in large pro- has been a revolution in itself. It grams. The followers of Mr. breaks with the past-the mighty Gandhi show this to an extraordi- Arabian Mohammedan heritage– nary degree. The spirit with far more than we realize.

which they move is tremendously In Tabriz, Persia, I was talking challenging. The Rev. Frank Bi- with a good friend, a young Sayid, ble and I had the opportunity of who keeps a modern drug store, meeting some of the Indian Con- and who had recently become a gress leaders in two or three cities, Haji by virtue of a pilgrimage to and we were profoundly impressed Mecca. He was picturing the with their spirit. Purposefully, travel and the crowds. Can you patiently, intelligently-whether credit the statement that the trip you agree with them or not–they from the pilgrim port of Jidda to are moving toward certain goals, holy Mecca is now always made by

KALEIDOSCOPIC GLIMPSES OF ASIA

motor car across the desert? No Right here is our changing more long days by caravan; enter front. If the fading of the old ora Ford or a Buick and in a few der meant moral advance; if it hours you are there. How long can meant turning to Christianity; if Mecca remain totally closed to non- it meant seeking for truer spiritual Moslems at this rate? Perhaps light; it would be one thing. But about ten years more. The pres- the consensus of opinion seems to sure of profits from tourists and be otherwise. The trend is what movie people and pUblicists, you will-materialistic, religiously coupled with Moslem relaxation indifferent, agnostic, sometimes and ease of travel, will be hard to social minded, sometimes idealistic, resist. My Haji friend went on to often quite otherwise; but certainsay that the census of the year's ly it is in new and untried direcpilgrims showed a marked faIling tions, with a constantly decreasing HOW WE TRAVET,ED ACROflS '.rHE PERSIAN DESERTS off. The largest delegation was hold of the age-long sanctions. from Java–40,000. And he con- The baleful effects of western ::3idered them a barbarous, dirty night-life and drinking, of our lot, as he visited their camps. This worst movies, cynical after-effects reaction was far more evident than of the war among so-called Christhat they were brother religionists tian nations, with the loss of westof a world faith. The delegation ern prestige-all these and other from Persia was only 5,000-a con- influences are insidiously and siderable decrease over the past. sweepingly at work. Turkey, once the military and religious head of Islam, produced Shortly before I sailed for Peronly five pilgrims! Could anything sia fifteen years ago, I was talking be more eloquent of what is taking with a gentleman in New York. place-Islam crumbling at its cen- He knew that I was going out as a ters. The old moorings are slip- missionary and freed himself of ping-and what have you? some comments. The burden of these was that it was a mistake to

compete with the old religions; we mission hospitals in nine different should contribute to them and not Asiatic countries, and have seen replace them; otherwise we would the same sort of service, with vary- risk losing great values without ing methods and different person- corresponding gains. alities, giving its witness to all Whatever element of truth there sorts and conditions of men.

may once have been in this hoary My Christian Credo argument, it does not check with actuality today. The old religions My credo in medical work in are in retreat and on the defensive. this shifting, groping, upheaving Merely left to themselves in a mod- day and age, has at least three ern and communicating world, they tenets: will disappear or so change as to 1. It exemplifies and expresses be mere vestiges of their authentic the Christ spirit. With all the selves. frailties of our human medium it What is the import of this to us? makes its appeal, in spite of in- Is there less or more urgency for tellectual cynicism and political the missionary enterprise? Has preoccupation and economic pres- the Christian enterprise a real sure. Who could be so obtuse or message for. so changing and un- so distracted as to be able to visit precedented a situation? Dr. McKean's leper village in May I offer a partial answer? Chiengmai, Siam, and not be r have been to Vellore and have touched to the quick? Who could seen Dr. Ida Scudder in action. be so blind as to visit Hackett The large, beautiful, efficient, gra- Medical in Canton and not recog- cious-spirited hospital-minister- nize that something quite beyond ing to its thousands-and then the the powers of the old order, and splendidly conceived and nearly more than fulfilling the best ideal completed medical school in that of the new order, is going on there?

lovely setting outside the city- 2. The special contribution of where scores of women doctors the medical work is needed because will be trained for Christlike serv- of its welding of science and faith.

ing-are an unanswerable contri- Better and more persuasive than bution. They embody convictions books and arguments, you have and they show a new way. I was here people, who are trained in the with Dr. Scudder in the ward when scientific method, who believe in she stopped to speak to and caress the scientific approach to life (as a little wisp of a woman, with such far as it can go), who are profi- appealing eyes. She was a fifth cient in an envied scientific attain- Cesarean case! Four times before, ment, and yet who, at the same this mite of a woman had gone time, are believers in the religious through that operation. A fifth supremes, believers in the spiritual Cesarean operation does not hap- meaning of life, believers in God pen often, and this was successful and in Jesus Christ. Part of the for mother and child. reaction in the younger generation The surgical skill was all there, in these countries takes the form but what gripped me even more of an ultra or misconceived evalua- was the atmosphere at that bed- tion. They think that science is all side. and that science precludes faith in r have been in some sixty-six the unseen. The medical man and

KALEIDOSCOPIC GLIMPSES 0);' ASIA

woman of the Christian enterprise sentatives. In times of bewilderlive and teach something more than ment and danger and extreme testthis. If anyone can get it across ing these Chinese doctors and they can. nurses have made good.

3. Medical Missions train men We are faced with an Asia where and women for the future, doctors mass ideas, which are apart from and nurses, who shall go out and accepted religion, which cut across work-whether through healing or established racial and social patprevention-for their own people, terns, and which break with the because men and women from a whole heritage of the past, are distant Christian church first came gripping people as never before. to them. What is our answer?

DR. IDA SCUDDER AND HER HELPERS STARTING ON A MEDICAL TOUR The chaos in China has brought The old order is obviously passout heroism and latent power. The ing. The new order is the question graduates of mISSIOn medical mark. Whither will it go? Where schools, such as that at Shantung do we come in on it? Christian University in Tsinanfu, have made an enviable record in Part of our answer is already on carrying on mission hospitals, the ground, ministering to perwhen the foreigners have been sent petual human needs in the name of away by their government repre- our Master. Shall we go on with it?

LET CHRISTIANS EVERYWHERE CULTIVATE A CONSCIOUS FELLOW- SHIP WITH THEIR LIVING AND LOVING LORD AND ALL THE "MAJOR CONCERNS IN FOREIGN MISSIONS" WILL CLEAR AWAY LIKE THE MISTS OF THE MORNING.

WHERE CHRI'i'lT GOES, WE WILL GO; AS HE WORKS, WE WILL WORK; AND OUR GIVING WILL BECOME MORE AND MORE COMMENSUR- ATE WITH HIS SACRIFICIAL GIVING.

WHITE ANGEL OF TOKYO*

The Story of Miss A. Caroline MacDonald, of Japan BY MAMIE C. G. FRASER, Toronto, Canada A CAROLINE MACDONALD, the work extended beyond Tokyo M.A., LL.D., the minister- and beyond the lives of the students • ing angel in Japanese pris- who had greatly benefited by the ons and the missionary to working establishment of Christian hostels. women of Tokyo, died on July 18, A Japanese National Association in the Victoria Hospital, London, grew up, and it was a real joy to Ontario. Miss Macdonald when a Japanese With ancestors the embodiment young woman, Miss Michi Kawai, of courageous daring and inde- was appointed joint National Secpendence of spirit, it can easily be retary.

seen that the love of freedom and Then a tragedy occurred in fair play – the spirit of independ- Tokyo which brought Miss Mac- ence and daring statesmanship donald into contact with men in which never fails to attract and the prisons and later with their challenge – was Caroline Mac- families and friends and changed donald's God-given inheritance. the whole course of her life. Join- She was the daughter of Doctor ing the staff of the Women's Coland Mrs. Peter Macdonald, of lege in Tokyo, she gave half her Wingham, Ontario. Her father time to her prison work and, for a was for many years a physician time, half to teaching. The prison and was also a member of Parlia- work rapidly developed into social ment, and deputy Speaker of the service which attracted the atten- House of Commons from 1901 to tion of Japanese officials, winning 1904. In the lovely little town of their approval, and resulting in the Wingham, Caroline Macdonald re- establishment of settlement work ceived her early education, later in the most congested district in going to the University of Toronto, Tokyo.

from which she graduated with This work made Miss Macdonald honors in 1901. She dedicated her famous, for it spread out into a life to the service of God and first great social service work among entered service as secretary in the the people and their families. It Ottawa Y. W. C. A. In 1903, she led to the establishment of night became Traveling Secretary of the schools for girls in industry, a re- Student Volunteer Movement, later markable piece of pioneer work; being chosen National Y. W. C. A. to the bringing about, through Jap- Secretary of Canada. Twenty- anese management, of various eight years ago she went to Japan changes in the care and service for in the interest of the welfare of convicted persons both in prison young women, in answer to a and on their return to society; to definite request from the wives of preventive work for delinquent missionaries who asked for a children and the establishment of worker to establish association ac- a juvenile court.

tivities in that country. In time While engaged in this unique • From The Glaa TMinY8. Toronto. Cana<ln. prison service Miss Macdonald 890 published the autobiography of the "Most touching of all and most man in Tokyo prison who was arresting is his frequently repeated awaiting the execution of the death estimate of the faith and character sentence. Miss Macdonald pub- of Christians. No Christian, he lished it in Japanese and, at the tells us, is ever afraid of death.

request of a prison official, trans- Christians, as he conceives them, lated it into English under the title "A Gentleman in Prison." The officials' reasons for asking the publication of this life story were illuminating. He said: "Much is said nowadays about the difficulties of mutual understanding between the East and the West. Ideals are different, customs are different, the background of life and history is different, and we face an impasse.

Educated people, it is said, may ap- proximate in thought and outlook, but for the people at large the case is hopeless. And while this is be- ing said, we have had in this very prison an example to the contrary.

A man, uneducated, steeped in crime, condemned to death for murder, waiting daily for the un- escapable end to which his crimes has brought him, is touched by one of another nation, and a woman at that, with traditions and history and education as different from his as night is from day; but the uni- versal message of the love of God flashes across the gulf of human differences and the man's soul re- sponds. I want your American people also to know this story, be- cause it illustrates from real life, and beyond the shadow of doubt- ing, the fact that underneath all the superficial differences that sep- DR. A. CAROLINE MACDONALD arate us, we are one in the depths are people who always live up to of suffering and sorrow and sin- the highest principles of Christ, ning, and in the heights of love and and whose thought and conduct are sympathy and God." ever worthy of His loftiest ideals.

Dr. John Kelman closes his fore- The only Christians he had ever word to the book with the follow- known were the two women who ing striking paragraph. Referring told him of Jesus in his cell."

to this man, whom he terms, "one These two women were Miss Mac- of God's aristocrats," he says, donald and her friend, Miss West.

Next in importance to the work The wording gave expression to among the prisoners was the estab- the appreciation felt for her labors lishment of night schools for girls of the past ten years, special menin industry-an entirely new field tion being made of her prison of mission work in Japan. It be- work, her share in the Juvenile gan in 1924, during a strike in one Court, and-most wonderful-"for of the textile factories in Tokyo, spreading the Gospel of God." On when Miss Macdonald allowed the the enthronement of the present 150 girls on strike to hold meet- Emperor, she was one of six forings at her settlement. She taught eigners to receive a silver cup, them domestic accomplishments given for distinguished service to and provided classes for study; as industry, commerce, immigration a result she had under her care, up and colonization. Lord Willingdon, to the time of her death, a night the Governor-General of Canada, school of large proportions with cabled the congratulations of the branch schools in five different fac- Canadian Government to Miss tory groups. This school gave Macdonald. In 1929, she was working girls an opportunity for asked by the Labor delegate from education, and carried with it the Japan to the Labor Conference in teachings .of Christ, translating Geneva to accompany him as interinto action the principles taught by preter and adviser. In 1925, the Him. By her interest in Japanese University of Toronto conferred women Miss Macdonald brought upon her the degree of LL.D., the them consolation and enlighten- first woman to receive that honor. ment and as a result they realize Her presentation brought forth the their own economic value. The priceless encomium from Professor problem which remained was, ac- Maurice Hutton: cording to Miss Macdonald, to see that they understand the spiritual If any follow her they will not win value of life as well, not for their it in a field more honorable or more own sakes alone but for the sake feminine. She has won the right to of the Kingdom of God on earth. be here by her life work as a mis- Miss Macdonald's work was interdenominational and received sup- sIonary. port from both the United Church and the Presbyterian Church in The church of which she was a Canada. member in Japan likewise honored her and she enjoyed the distinction Many honors came to Miss Mac- of being an elder in the Presby- terian Church in Tokyo. But perdonald in acknowledgment of her haps the decoration she prized most highly was a copper sen (oneservices. From the Emperor of half cent) bequeathed to her in a formal will, as his sole earthly pos- Japan, she received the Sixth session, by a noted criminal whom she was instrumental in leading, Order of the Sacred Treasure, and, before his execution, into the Peace of God. in 1924, the Department of Justice Just before word of her death presented her with a gold cup, ac- had been received in Japan, the Government sent through the Mincompanied by a certificate, bearing ister to Canada, Mr. Tokgawa, a on the top the Imperial crest, a gold chrysanthemum, and at the lower left corner the signature and large red seal of the Minister of Justice.

1U::l l] THE WHITE ANGEL OF TOKYO

silver vase-as a "sick bed gift"- mother was cheered and given ill "appreciation of her meritorious sufficient help to take her to her service." family home. .

One so truly great can never die To the weekly prayer-meeting, But lives and loves and serves to alI where Miss Macdonald always spoke, came the girls from her eternity. night school and some ex-pupils. There were also present several AN APPRECIATION boys on probation from the juve- nile court and ex-prisoners. By MRS. DANIEL STRACHAN When we finally were going up- When in Japan, I went one stairs, I remarked that she had not morning with Caroline Macdonald locked the front door. "This door to one of the large prisons where is never locked," she replied, "and she carried on work. There I saw the prisoners in their prison garb if you lock it now you will be lockbeing marched around the yard for exercise, while armed guards stood ing in the bUrglars instead of lockby. Caroline Macdonald visited ing them out, for upstairs there are six men sleeping who just DR. MACDONALD AND TWO OF ITER I!1EJU.ow WORK.IIlRS IN JAPAN and talked with these men in their came out of prison today. This is cells – desperate men, most of the 'House of Friendliness.' " them, whom she influenced and changed, men who called her In the Night School for the Girls friend. in Industry I heard from her the story of the lives of many of them. At her settlement I saw another I saw her address a meeting of one piece of work, which grew from of the large Labor Unions where her prison work – the care of the she spoke, at their request, on the families of prisoners. The wife of principles of the Christian religion. one of the prisoners and her twin In the Presbyterian Church in babies came to seek advice and Tokyo, she was the only foreigner help. The babies were bathed and in the congregation. dressed in fresh clothing, the The esteem in which she was

held by rich and poor, by the in- also Mrs. Kishi, the four Governors fluential and the outcast, was re- of the Tokyo prisons. Five Budmarkable. She loved Japan and its dhist priests came and afterwards people and made herself part of it. remarked how much they were im- She identified herself thoroughly pressed by the service. with everything in Japan and made her friends among the Japanese, Mr. Tagawa, who presided at the spoke their language like a native memorial service, said: and was well acquainted with the history. Tributes were paid to her My friendship with Miss Macdonald lasted for more than twenty years. by judges, lawyers, ministers, n- I will always remember the care and attention which she gave me in 1917 nancial men, bankers and business when I was put in prison for writing men. One man said, "She has in- an article to which the authorities obterpreted other nations rightly to jected. This was a serious event for us." Dr. Ozawa, Chairman of her me but Miss Macdonald visited me Board, spoke of her as "An am- many times and cared for my family, bassador from Canada to Japan, doing everything possible for us. She the best kind of ambassador that did InQre for me even than my own could be sent." relatives and the incident was re- ported abroad…… She thought Caroline Macdonald was indeed good and did good. I was much moved a friend of publicans and sinners, by her work and counted her as one and now in that "House of Many of my friends for life. I had no Mansions" we think of how much other such friend, even among the at home she is with her Master and Japanese. Saviour and with the ransomed and redeemed for whom He died. Miss Macdonald regularly visited four Tokyo prisons, but the one The Memorial Testimonies with which she was most closely connected was the Kosuge Prison, At the memorial service in Tokyo of Tokyo, to which men who had the Japanese carried out the cere- more than ten years to serve were mony with dignity and impressive- sentenced. Governor Arima, who was at Kosuge during the greater ness. The church, which seats soo part of the time that Miss Mac- donald visited the men there, people, was packed. In front of understood and appreciated her the pulpit a beautifully enlarged prison work better than anyone portrait of Caroline in cap and else; but the new Governor who gown was placed, draped with succeeded Mr. Arima was fully black silk, surrounded by wreaths convinced of the value of what she of flowers. Messages of sympathy was doing for the men, and read were received from the Home Min- this tribute at the memorial servister, Minister of Justice, Labor ice, which was held in Tokyo, at Party, the Women's Spinning the Japanese church of which she Guild, several of the universities was an elder. and women's colleges. Thirtyeight telegrams from various towns With deep humility, I address the throughout Japan were received spirit of Miss A. C. Macdonald. Crimand one from Mr. Soyo in Man- inals, objects of fear and hatred, churia. Judge Miyaki and his enemies of society, what hope have family were present, Mr. Matsuoka they for sympathy or understanding, and his family, the Vice-Minister who are they, that they should be of Foreign Affairs and Mrs. Nagai,

THE WHITE ANGEL OF TOKYO

given a word of encouragement, or struggle. All promise t'O try to live that a hand should be stretched out to lift them from their life of dull de- in such a way as to be worthy of all spair? But you know what they the sacrifices you have made for them. needed. Y'ou, a woman of culture and taste, left your far-away country to There are some who did not write, bring comfort and love to prisoners, to the outcasts 'Of society. You feeling that they could not put their brought the Word of God to those unf'ortunate 'Ones, not as one perform- grief into words. They offer you ing a duty, but as a mother talking with her children. During the past these flower,s as the most fitting seventeen years, thousands of prisoners have been strengthened and en- symbol of their gratitude. cDuraged by your inspiring advice and practical assistance. Only God and You have been taken from us, but perhaps the Governor of Kosuge can know what expenditure of thought we are certain that the seed you have and vital force was required for this stupendous labor of love. SD patiently and lovingly planted in At this moment, there are one hun- the hearts 'Of the men at Kosuge, will dred and thirty-two men in Kosuge who have been cDming directly under grDw and bear fruit, so be content your influence. When the,se men heard that their friend had left them, with the labor you have performed so never to return, it is hard tD imagine their grief and disappointment. In- well. ' deed I was so moved by their sorrDW that, to give them a little comfort, I Miss Macdonald's single-handed suggested that they write to you, tell- influence brought abDut a change ing y'Ou all that was in their hearts. in the general Japanese attitude I have collected these letters and am toward prisoners. Her sympathy 'Offering them today to your spirit. for them knew no limits and she would never admit that any human From these outpourings of the being was beyond reform. She dehearts of men who were rejected by tested cruelty with all her soul and the world and who have been given was convinced of the importance hope and comfort by your unending of kindness as an agent in reform. kindness, you can know the deepest of She was of tOD robust an intellitheir sorrow and affection. Some say gence to admit that criminals that they grieve for you as for their should be held irresponsible Dr that mother. Others confess that they are crime should not be punished, but only prevented by the recDllecti'On of she held that punishment failed if you from putting an end to their it ended as mere chastisement and was not directed towards the re- demptiDn of the criminal. ThDUgh she leaves no buildings or a great organization behind her, she has planted here a living seed which has taken root and will per- manently influence a part of the life of Japan.

CRIME IN AMERICA A,ND IN JAPAN YUSUKE TASURUMI, a Japanese authDr and political leader, expresses the view that Japan has not the widespread crime with which the pnited States is trying to grapple because of the powerful restraining mfluence of Japanese family life. The ingrained reverence f'Or parents in Japan has had its influence in restraining crime, and such reverence is not an outstanding characteristic of the present social life in America. While it may be argued that we have conditions which tend to foster crime that do not prevail in Japan, it must be acknowledged that a more careful observance of the Christian injunction to honor 'Our parents would I have a wholesome influen~e in America.

THE MODERN TRAFFIC IN IS'I'ANBUI

CONSTANTINOPLE AFTER A CENTURY BY THE REV. CHARLES T. RIGGS, Istanbul, Turkey Missionary 01 the Amtwiaan Board 0/ OQmmWtsio-ners lor Foreign Mi88ions O N JUNE 9, 1831, there ar- ambassador or minister; there rived in the Bosphorus, Wil- was not even a commercial treaty liam Goodell and his wife, or any treaty as yet with the ris- the first mIsSIOnaries to effect a ing Western Republic. No for- permanent settlement in the Otto- eigner of any sort was allowed to man Empire. Stations had been live in the old city of Stamboul, established at Smyrna and Beirut, south of the Golden Horn; only but both were then vacated. Con- Pera-the "beyond"-the new stantinople is therefore the oldest European quarter, was safe for mission station in Turkey with a them. Here the Goodells found a continuous and uninterrupted his- home.

tory. Everything was primitive in The pioneers on the deck of the those days. No steamers plied the Arne ric a n sailing-vessel that waters of the Bosphorus, save one brought them round the Seraglio that had begun trial trips to and Point into the quiet waters of the from Smyrna. Transportation Golden Horn gazed on strange was mainly by sail, or in the frail sights. Mrs. Goodell, and the two caiques, whose graceful pointed ladies that voyaged on the same prows have now entirely disap- bark, Miss Mary Reynolds, des- peared. On land, the only vehicle tined soon to become Mrs. William that could thread the maze of nar- Schauffler, and Mrs. Smith, wife of row, filthy streets was the ox-cart, the captain, were the first Ameri- or the buffalo-cart; horses and can women ever seen in the city. donkeys were used, and for heavy There was no resident American loads the lumbering camel; but 896

CONSTANTINOPLE AFTER A CENTURY ~97

nearly everybody went on foot. sand people homeless. Soon the No tram-cars, no European car- new missionary had to write of riages, not one bridge spanned the "frequent and dreadful conflagra- Golden Horn. The old city gates tions (and we call no conflagration in the fortifications on both sides dreadful which does not burn over of the Horn were shut tight each some ten, fifteen, twenty or more night, and all traffic stopped at sun- acres of compactly built houses at down. a time)." Volunteer bucket-lines could do nothing against such Today one sees a marvellous devastating flames. The only fire change in local transportation. companies were bands of villains Suburban trains on both European who drove a hard bargain with a and Asiatic railroads; a network man before they would help him of trolleys with feeder bus-lines; THE OI.D METHOD!; OF TRAVEl. IN- ASIATIC TURKEY automobiles everywhere; frequent rescue his house or belongings, and steamers across the Bosphorus, then often stole the best. and to all ports everywhere; motor-boats chug-chugging all over Contrast this with the brick, these quiet waters; connections by stone, or concrete structures of the air with the chief cities of Europe. present, and the motor fire-engines Speed, promptness and efficiency, and modern equipment that has qualities once almost unimaginable well-nigh rid the city of the terror to the Oriental, characterize the of great conflagrations. present day. Plague and cholera were fear- A century ago, man had not fully prevalent a hundred years mastered the destructive forces of ago, to say nothing of smallpox, nature. Within less than two scarlet fever, and other diseases. months after their arrival, Mr. Every year, from 1835 to 1838, and Mrs. Goodell and their two there was an awful visitation of little girls were burned out in a bubonic plague. In 1836, the great fire that made eighty thou- worst epidemic since the memo- rable one of 1812, took for a time '2

from 6,000 to 10,000 persons per of the Turkish Government was week, and is estimated to have de- at first friendly to the introducstroyed one-fifth of the entire pop- tion of "Lancasterian" schoolsulation. In 1837 two of the mis- a better system than any exist- ing in Turkey at that time. But sionary circles succumbed to the soon the Government's attitude be- came indifferent, and later openplague, despite rigid quarantines- ly hostile. This change was due the wife and infant son of the Rev. largely to the bitter antagonism of the Greek and Armenian Patri- H. G. O. Dwight. The greatest archs and the Grand Rabbi of the precautions had to be taken; and Jews, and to the scarcely concealed experience led to the discovery by jealousy and suspicion of the Rus- Cyrus Hamlin of a cure for cholera sian Ambassador, M. Boutineff. which he used successfully in many Finally, in 1839, this hostility cula case, and which, as "Hamlin's minated in the issuing of orders Mixture," was for decades the most· by Sultan Mahmoud himself for widely employed remedy in the the expUlsion of all the American world against this disease. missionaries. A despatch from the Sublime Porte to the American These dread foes no longer ter- Minister, Commodore Po r t e r , rify the inhabitants. It is many a stated that the Government could no longer be answerable for the long year since the last epidemic safety of the missionaries. The of either visited the city. Moslem Commodore took the surprising atfatalism has given way before titude that as the treaty of Amermodern pharmaceutics. ica with Turkey was merely com- mercial, he had no special duties Sultan Mahmoud II was on the regarding missionaries, but pendthrone when the Goodells arrived; ing word from Washington, he and though he had succeeded only would expect them to be given the five years earlier in ridding his usual protection. realm of the terrible Janizaries, and had instituted various re- The hand of the Russian Ambasforms, his absolute power was be- sador was evident in all this; but coming reactionary. Custom did the hand of the Lord was in connot allow anyone, foreigner or sub- trol; the Sultan died before the orject, to ride horseback while pass- der for expUlsion could be carried ing the imperial palace-all must out. Russian opposition to the dismount and walk. No umbrella Americans was due to the fact that or parasol could be raised in pass- the Tsar regarded himself as the ing it, no matter how fiercely rain protector and patron, the head and or sun beat down. Any "Frank," heart of the Orthodox Church, and or foreign lady, who dared wear a would brook no rivalry. The story green dress on any street, was li- has already been told of the famous able to be stoned, that being the conversation between Ambassador sacred color of Islam. Boutineff and Dr. Schauffler over the case of an Armenian perse- Turkey today is a most demo- cuted for his evangelical views. cratic country. One may wear The haughty Ambassador blandly whatever one pleases (save the stated to the American missionary: forbidden fez!). There is no royalty, and therefore no consequent restrictions.

In 1832, Mr. Goodell was joined by Messrs. H. G. O. Dwight and W. G. Schauffler. The attitude

CONSTANTINOPLE AFTER A CENTURY

"I might as well tell you, Mr. Gospel teaching attract those of Schauffier, that His Imperial Maj- open mind.

esty, the Tsar of all the Russias, As far as Moslems were con- who is my master, will never allow cerned, the death penalty was in Protestantism to set its foot in operation against any apostate Turkey." "And I, sir," was the from that faith. True, there were simple answer, "may tell you that times when the Government was the Lord Jesus Christ, who is my lax in the application of this meas- Master, will never ask the Tsar of ure, and some were allowed to be- all the Russias where He may set come Christians, and were even His foot." baptized. But the Sheriat, or re- Sultan Abdul Medjid, who came ligious law, required that they be to the throne in 1839, was a more put to death, and this was never liberal ruler, but his edicts of tol- abrogated until Turkey put aside eration at first made little differ- the religious law and adopted the ence in the bitter attitude of the law of other nations. For this rea- Armenian and Greek Patriarchates son Christian work among the toward those evangelically in- Turks themselves was very slow in clined. These persons still re- making an impression. mained members of the ancient churches as no Protestant organi- That was a day of very dim rezation had been formed. In fact, ligious light. Illiteracy was frightthe clearly stated policy of the mis- fully prevalent among all the races. Very few knew how to read, and scarcely any women. While the sionaries had been to form no new wealthiest class in all the Ottoman church, but to try by every friend- Empire were the Armenian bank- ly approach to help the clergy of ers, their wealth did not bring with the old churches to reform the cor- it any large amount of culture.

rupt practices and insufficient The value of human life was not teachings of those bodies, particu- highly estimated. Slaves, white larly by giving them the Bible in more often than black, were openly the language of the common peo- sold on the streets; and instances ple. It was only after long-con- were not rare where a poor man tinued and bitter persecution had would sell his own child in public.

culminated in the casting out by How different it is today? Since violent anathema of those who the compulsory introduction of the loved and read the Bible, so that new Turkish alphabet, everybody everyone was warned not to give between six and sixty has been them employment, help, shelter, or commanded to go to school to learn even food, that in self-defense these modified Latin letters. Those these outcasts were compelled in who failed to pass their examina- 1846, fifteen years after Goodell's tion are sent back for fUrther arrival, to organize into a new study. By no means everyone has ecclesiastical body, and seek the learned, especially in the country protection of the Ottoman Govern- districts, but it is some change for ment. The First Evangelical the people to have 10070 literacy Church of Constantinople, of forty as their distinct goal.

members, was followed by thirty One of the first duties of the other organized churches in the early missionaries to Turkey was next ten years, so rapidly did the the preparation of translations of

the Bible in the various spoken lan- latest work in this line being a new guages. A version in modern translation into modern spoken Greek existed, but had to be re- Turkish which is being issued in vised. In Armenian there was separate books in the Latinized nothing. A Hebrew-Spanish ver- Turkish alphabet. The four Gossion was one of the monuments of pels have already appeared and are the life of W. G. Schauffler. In being rapidly bought; the Acts is Turkish, the translation made in in progress. 1666 by Ali Bey, a man of Polish origin, had existed till 1819 only in The advance in Turkish liberal manuscript at Leyden; but Wil- thinking well-nigh takes one's liam Goodell brought with him to breath away. Not only have sev- eral Turkish translations of the NEW TURKI!;H WOMEN IN A CO-EDUCATIONAL, ilIISSION SCHOOL, ISTANBUL Constantinople the newly printed Koran appeared (till now consid- Turkish version of the New Testa- ered too sacred to be rendered ment he had made in Beirut and from the Arabic), but the Angora Malta, with the help of two devout Government has brought out a Armenian assistants. The Old Turkish translation of Ludwig's Testament he completed soon after "Life of Christ," and has allowed his arrival; but it was years be- the exhibition of the movie film, fore this was put into the Arabic "The King of Kings," under its characters then employed by the Turkish title of "The Life of Jesus." Turks. The Armenian translation, In this, as well as other ways, we by Dr. Elias Riggs, followed soon, see the passing of the era of faand later the Bulgarian. All these naticism. The present regime is strongly nationalistic, so much so have been repeatedly revised, the

that nationalism has become a and Prussia aided the Ottoman veritable religion. But in matters armies against Russia. A mere of faith, the present attitude is catalogue of the wars of the cen- rather that of indifferentism. The tury would be long. Each one giving of religious instruction to brought extra and special duties the young, under the age of six- and opportunities to the Christian teen, is forbidden; but this is missionaries to show the spirit of rather to prevent any anti-na- the Master, in relieving suffering tionalistic tendency than to safe- and want, caring for refugees and guard Islam. In fact, the teaching orphans, distributing Scriptures to of Islam to non-Moslem children is those who would take them. It just as much forbidden as is Chris- also not seldom brought privations, tianity. The former statement of isolation, suffering, and sometimes the Constitution, that Islam was danger and death to Christ's mes- the religion of the country, has sengers. But each has in the end been stricken out of the document. contributed to the opening of new Where formerly, on being asked doors and to freeing the minds of what he was, the average Turk people from narrowing prejudice would say: "Thank God, I am a and illogical hatred. Today the op- Moslem," today he will respond portunities for presenting the simply: "I am a Turk." 'spirit and message of Christ to all The century of missionary work the peoples of this land are widen- in Constantinople has been amid ing daily.

wars and rumors of war. Between It is useless to speculate on 1832 and 1839 came the great re- whether another year, or ten years, volt of Mohammed Ali, Viceroy of will grant greater freedom to the Egypt, when his son-in-law and representatives of our Master. We general, Ibrahim Pasha, repeatedly have today all the freedom we defeated the Turkish troops and need; and it is more to the point invaded nearly all of Asia Minor. to recall that our own opportunity Only European intervention pre- is today, not tomorrow; we may vented a Turkish catastrophe. not be alive tomorrow, or next Twenty years later came the Cri- year. Will the churches in America mean War, when England, France aid us to do our best now?

DEPRESSION AND SPIRITUAL VALUES A FRIEND of missions recently said: "I am interested in Chris- tian stewardship as the only road 1 can see to a new economic order. Much of the wealth of America is in the hands of church members, and certainly enough of it is in these hands to accomplish any purpose for God's Kingdom to which our hearts are set. There is nothing more certain than that the Kingdom of God can never come on this earth until the conscience of the Church has been stirred on this matter of property and income. Never has there been a time when membership in a church dedicated to the establishment of the Kingdom of God among men has involved greater responsibilities or been fraught with more difficulties both of thought and action."

A CHINESE MARKET TOWN

BY THE REV. CHARLES E. SCOTT, D.D., Tsinan, China Author 01 uChina From 1Vf.thin./' Etc.

W ITH an older missionary I young missionary can only butt his had been traveling for sev- brains out to no purpose against eral weeks, knowing little those stone walls of hoary custom. of the language and getting my We had gone to the Post Office first taste of country itineration. and had found no letters, and were In many places there was nothing about to step out upon the street that could be called a real road, when we encountered a Chinese. only a narrow path for donkeys He would have attracted attention and barrows; in others the deep anywhere. Tall, venerable appear- muddy ruts were a sight to behold. ing, elegantly dressed, he looked as I did not know the names of the if he might have been the brother villages; had no idea where we of Li Hung Chang. His whole at- were going, or what we would titude was one of command. But meet when we arrived. Our pro- more than that, the keen intelli- visions were about exhausted. gence of his face, with the benevo- One cold spring day we arrived lent expression-not too common at a market town and put up in in a heathen I and – especially an inn that seemed to be "the piqued my interest. In conversalimit" of repulsiveness. There was tion we soon learned that he was no guest chamber, and we slept the great man of that market town on the public kang, devoted to a and that he had a son, an only son, miscellaneous lot of guests. The for whom, as he proudly said, he loafers hung on waiting to see us had purchased an office in Chi-Ii get ready for bed. Province. He owned much of the The next morning even my com- place, and was very deferentially panion, though innured to incon- treated.

venience and hardship, seemed to Dreading the return to our shabthink that certain things had about by inn, I was not loath to accept reached their limit. For the first the courteous invitation to his time on the trip he called up our home, which we found, with all its cook and hinted a mild protest: courts and rooms, occupied ground "This water in which you have about an acre in extent. Chinese been washing our clothes smells heathenism, though much married, pretty bad. Can you not find any has no home. It was an establish- cleaner?" "But," answered the ment for himself and his concucook ingratiatingly, "You h a v e bines. In the guest room we saw been drinking this w ate r here. many indications of wealth. There Surely a cloth cannot be more par- were foreign clocks and foreign ticular than a stomach!" I no- gimcracks of every sort that Westticed that he was using a big stone ern traders had pressed upon him, trough of the inn yard in which or that fancy had prompted him to the animals were fed, as a wash add to his miscellaneous collection.

tub for our clothes. But what was A fine foreign bicycle was there– the use of remonstrating? A no one to ride it; also a German 902 stove that was without piping. the use of a large yard and house Things were covered with dust, for a school and church building. and thrown around in orderless That day after the meeting he reconfusion. It was more like a marked that he was glad he had lumber room than a place of phys- the privilege of putting his propical comfort. For such an estab- erty to such a use as that-considlishment is truly ignorant of what erable admission for a Confuit is to know the fine and tasteful cianist. touch of the hand of Christian woman, queen of her own home. There came a time when I learned that he was sick and ear- But what most surprised me was nestly desired to see me. He had to hear him say, "I have enter- been ill a month and lay quite still tained some of the older mission- and weak on his kang. After oraries. I consider them my friends, dering refreshments for us, he told and would be pleased to entertain us how his life was a failure; how, you !" It did not take me long to despite his successful investments decide that I would enjoy putting in real estate, with many profitable my folding cot into one of those returns, his heart was heavy and relatively high-ceilinged, c I e a n- unsatisfied; how he dreaded the walled, brick-floored rooms, opening into the attractive little court future; how his sins loomed very planted with shrubbery. Above all, large; it was right to confess the place was inaccessible to the Christ, but that he had not the hungry eyes of a ceaselessly star- moral courage to take the step in ing crowd. Our host insisted upon the face of his household and clan. giving us a feast and feast-like His distress was increased because food. We talked the Jesus doc- he knew that he ought to take the trine to him and found that he had step! He asked us to pray for him known of it for some time; but he that he might be given strength. was far from ready to decide for On a later trip he called us Christ. The world, with all its again, and his first words, after cares, too heavily encumbered him. It was another case of "choked the welcome were: "I have had a with riches." dream." Now an Occidental who has not gotten something of a During the years that followed, spiritual insight into the Oriental I came repeatedly to that town for is apt to think of these dreams of special meetings. The Christians the Oriental as nonsense. But had established a church there. dreams sometimes play a tremen- The kindly faced old patrician al- dous part in the decision-making ways insisted on my being his and even in the life-changing of guest, and on each visit I talked an Oriental. For example, there with him about Jesus Christ. I is a man, an elder and evangelist gave him the best Chinese Bible in my field, who was a notorious that I could find, which he prom- wine manufacturer, drinker and ised to read. He began .occasionally gambler. Then he had a dream in to meet with us, the first time when which he saw the mouth of hell on we gathered to partake of the the surface of the great plain Lord's Supper. He seemed visibly where he lives yawning open, and affected by this simple but solemn a mountain of flame leaping out. service. He had earlier given us Towards that flame, as drawn by a magnet, he saw a multitude of

people out of his own and the sur- we knew it was through the work rounding villages, rushing as fast of the old man) to buy at a greatly and as hard as they could; and he reduced price a large, roomy build- himself, in as mad a frenzy of ir- ing with considerable land around rational passion as the rest, also it, the plant located on a conven- running as hard as he could to- ient, near-by street. This would ward that fiery pit, to be engulfed be quite adequate for the needs of in its relentless, all-devouring the local organization, both as a depths. When he awoke from that worshipping place and a school- dream he gave up evil and became house; but our funds were inade- a Christian. quate. These the old man quietly Old Wan said, "I dreamed last helped to supply.

night that I saw H ea v e nand Shortly after, the Chinese pastor Jesus Christ, the Stainless Judge and elder at his urgent request, ("Stainless Judge" means much in made him a visit. Scarcely had a land of notorious official corrup- the w 0 r d s of salutation been tion) standing in the midst of it, passed, when he said eagerly: "I and He showed me a vision of hell wish to be examined for baptism."

with all its torment and the mul- In the course of the examination titudinous eyil things therein. The his head wife and some of his wom- Lord of all beings spoke: 'Which en folk came in, and realizing what do you choose?' and I replied: was in his mind, tried to persuade Lord, I am sick of my sin, and if him that he was not ready to take you can forgive me, I want to be- the step he contemplated. Firmly long to you. Then He graciously he waved them aside and in solemn said, 'I accept you; but you your- tones ordered them not to interfere self do not want to come empty with his fixed determination. His handed. Though you are almost a conviction of Christ was clear and burned out candle, you can still do sincere; and there upon the kang, something for me.' In fear and he was baptized and partook of with great sorrow, I asked: 'Lord, the Lord's Supper, for the first what can a burned out candle do?' and last time.

And He said: 'I will not call you A few days later he died, having 'to Myself now, but will wait a made peace with his Maker. His month, and you shall know what heathen family, greatly disturbed you can do.''' over his rash conduct, sought to Some forty people, members of ward off the curse that offended his clan, had united wit h the deities might bring down upon church. The building loaned by them, by giving him a grand fu- old Wan had for some time been neral – wherein was see n the used solely for school purposes and longest procession, the heaviest or- another, more accessibly located on nate coffin, with the greatest num- the main street, had been loaned ber of bearers, the most beautiful by a Christian merchant. But his banners, the m 0 s t bewildering business was there; the quarters variety of made-up animals and were full and the place was avail- giants and goblins, and the cost- able only at nights and on the Sab- liest offerings of placatory gifts to, bath. We greatly needed a church gods who could harm, that has building. Suddenly there came to been known in the memory of the us an unexpectedly fine offer, (and town.

BECOME

BY THE REV. JOHN STUART CONNING, D.D., New York N o STATEMENT is more fre- one Domus Conversorum to care quently made by Jewish for Jews who had become identified leaders when referring to with the cause of Christ. Rev. Christian missionary effort in be- J. F. de Ia Roi, a careful statishalf of their people than that it tician, estimated that 224,000 Jews is ineffective and almost wholly during the nineteenth century enbarren in results. Ridicule is tered the Christian churches of heaped upon those who seek in any Europe and America. And this in way to win Jews to the disciple- spite of the fact that very meagre ship of Christ. Attempts have even efforts were put forth in their bebeen made to estimate in pounds half. Such a result is greater by or dollars the high cost of "making far than was reported from any a bad Jew into a worse Christian." other part of the world's mission Unfortunately there are Christians field. A quarter of a million conwho in ignorance of the facts re- verts from ten millions of Jews is peat the assertions. a vastly greater result than three million converts from one thou- The fact is that from the begin- sand million heathen. In one case ning Jews in varying numbers the proportion is one in forty, in have, often at great cost, yielded the other one in three hundred. wholehearted allegiance to Christ. The results of Christ's brief per- In our own day there is a dissonal ministry have generally been tinct movement toward Christianunderestimated. We hear of the ity among Jews in certain parts of hundred and twenty in the upper Europe. Sir Leon Levison, presi- room, but forget the tens of thou- dent of the World's Hebrew Chrissands who came under His sway, tian Alliance, after a personal and who later formed the Christian investigation of what is going on, synagogues which were scattered wrote: "The age of miracles has over Judea and Galilee. In the not gone by. Ninety-seven thou- Christian churches of apostolic ori- sand Jews in Hungary alone aegin many thousands 'of Jews were cepted the Christian faith, in included. The "strangers" to whom Vienna seventeen thousand, in Po- Peter refers in his epistle were land thirty-five thousand, and in without doubt Jews of the disper- Bolshevic Russia sixty thousand sion who had become followers of Jews became Christians. We also Christ. The existence of an "Epis- found Jews turning to Christ in tIe to the Hebrews" bears convinc- Germany, Sweden and Denmark. mg testimony to the wide exten- Not a few have done likewise in sion of Christianity among the Great Britain." In America a care- Jews of the period. ful estimate places the number of Christians of the Jewish race at And since apostolic times there not less than twenty thousand. has been no age that has not seen many Jews owning the Messiah- Dr. Arthur Ruppin, the Jewish ship of Jesus. In the thirteenth pUblicist, whose bias is certainly century England had more than not toward Christianity, in look- 905

ing over the entire Jewish field tacts with Christianity. The dis- declares: "Even allowing for the appearance of the ghetto and pale, thousands and tens of thousands and the freerer associations of who succumbed to persecution, Ju- modern times are gradually wear- daism today should be stronger ing away the old antagonisms and than it is by millions and tens of bringing about a new state of mind millions, were it not for the con- more favorable to a consideration tinuous secession to Christianity." of the claims of Christianity. Jews Nor must we forget the high today are open-minded as they character of many Jews who have have not been for many genera- cast in their lot with the Christian tions. They are reading the New Church, since the days of Peter Testament and other Christian lit- and James and John and Paul. erature, listening to messages over What other mission field has pro- the radio, and occasionally visit- duced a list of distinguished indi- ing Christian churches. Most revoviduals that can be compared with lutionary of all is the changing atconverts among the Jews? We titude toward Jesus. Whereas for think of men in the nineteenth cen- long centuries His name was never tury like Dr. Paulus Cassel, Dr. Al- mentioned by reputable Jews, tofred Edersheim, Bishop Hellmuth, day He is widely acclaimed as a the HerscheIls, the Mendlesshons, prophet and as one to whom Jews the Margoliouths, Dr. Capadose, should give heed. Adolph Saphir, Joseph Rabinowitz, Do Jews become Christians? David Baron, Louis Meyer and Yes, always. Wherever Christ is hundreds of others. In America we fairly interpreted with sympathy think of men like Isidor Loewen- and understanding there is an enthal, the pioneer missionary to couraging response. If the results Afghanistan, who translated the have not been greater, the fault Scriptures into the Pushtu tongue lies mainly with the Christian for the people of that land, and of Church which has seldom been con- Bishop Schereschewsky who trans- cerned for the spiritual welfare of lated the Scriptures into Wenli for the Jews. Rarely has the Gospel the four hundred millions of China. been given a fair chance. Preju- But for possible embarrassment it dice, bigotry, injustice, and ill-will would be easy to mention many have too often hidden the face of prominent Christians from among Christ from· His people. But a the Jews of our own generation. brighter day is dawning. The Speaking of recent converts, Sir Church is gradually awakening to Leon Levison says: "Among the a sense of her responsibility. The men and women who have come bringipg of work for the Jews out from Jewry for Christ there within the program of the Interare many who hold university de- national Missionary Council gives grees, doctors of law, medicine, promise of a larger and fuller servphilosophy, science, literature, etc." ice than has hitherto been possible.

Nor should we fail to consider Over this long neglected field the the indirect results of Jewish con- day at last is breaking.

LAWYER'S CHRlSTIAN SCHOOL AT HADAPSAR, POONA

A REMARKABLE INDIAN LAWYER J. P. Bunter, B.A., LL.B., and His Labors of Love for Indian Farmers BY THE REV. D. A. YARDI, B.A., Poona, India I NDIA is a land of marvels, gious awakening among Indian especially in regard to her Christians is that Christian laystoried past and her record of men are becoming more and more lives of devotion and self-sacrifice. alive to their responsibility for the The spiritual life of the people of evangelization of India. Some India has been marked by heights years ago a National Missionary and depths that lead those who Society was formed and its first have the prophetic vision to see Secretary has now become the in the years to come promise of a Bishop of Dornakal. This Indian religious life even greater than Christian movement has spread that which history records. If the and has led to the foundation of Spirit of Christ can take possession Christian Ash ram s in various of the people of India, the latter . parts of the country. It has also glory of this ancient land will be led to the establishment of Chris- greater than any the former days tian schools by Indians. One of these was Miss Susie Sorabji's st. have seen.

The signs of this coming' day are Helena School for Girls in Poona already appearing on the horizon. and another outstanding example The people of the higher castes are is the Christian school of the late being slowly but surely led to see J. P. Bunter, an Indian barrister, in the Lord Jesus Christ India's in the same district. rightful guru and King. Many are Hadapsar is a large village, of beginning to realize that they can only attain pure individual char- nearly 7,000 inhabitants, about five aeter and true nationhood as the miles from Poona, the ancient capfollowers of the crucified and risen ital of the Pashwas. The school was started fifty years ago under Redeemer. the management of Miss Bernard, One of the effects of this reli- a missionary of the Church of Scot- 907

land. In 1913, when Miss Bernard thoughts behind the present diffiretired, the school was handed over culties to the great purpose behind to J. P. Bunter, a public prose- all our work-the driving purpose cutor and an ex-member of the behind all he undertook." Bombay Legislative Council. In his hands the school underwent a He was an ardent student of the great transformation. From be- Bible which to him was the living ing an idea it became an ideal; Word of God. It was the rock on from a mere educational project which he raised the structure of his life; all other knowledge to THE LATE J. P . BUNTER, B.A., LL.D. him was shifting sand. As the in- spiration received from Bible study it became prophetic of the future led other Inaian saints such as Indian Church. Pandita Ramabai and Sad h u Sundar Singh to work for the J. P. Bunter was the son of an Master in a way that has cast a Indian minister of the United Free halo of glory round their lives, so Church of Scotland and after grad- it led Mr. Bunter along that path uating from Deccan College,' he of self-sacrificing achievement that studied law and was admitted to resulted in the development of the the bar. He was a keen and able remarkable Christian educational lawyer and was awarded the institution at Hadansar. Dr. Ken- Kaiser-I-Hind medal. yon L. Butterfield, Counsellor on Rural Work, who came from Amer- Though by profession a lawyer, ica to India to study rural mission Mr. Bunter was, by vocation, one problems at the request of the Inof God's chosen evangelists. He ternational Missionary Council, realized fully the high calling to says of this Hadapsar school: which he had been called and, as one who knew him well, writes: This is one of the most promising "In every business talk he touched enterprises for helping village life on higher things – lifting one's that I have seen in India. I hope it can be developed as a great centre of light and leading for the whole group of adjoining villages. The village peo- ple are cooperating wonderfully. The Church is central as it should be. There is also the purpose for a wide range of helpful service. I hope it may prosper exceedingly.

In his recent book on "The Chris- tian Mission in Rural India," Dr. Butterfield, who is a Christian sociologist of high rank, remarks: It is not the Christian institutions of the western world that are to be imported into India, but the Christian spirit distilled from the life and teach- ings of Jesus Christ, and adapted and applied to the social purpose, the or- ganizations, and the policies of Indian social statesmanship in order to en- able this marvelous but beleaguered

A REMARKABLE INDIAN LAWYER

land of India, as it awakens, to play High civil, judicial and ecclesiits new rOle on the world's stage, the astical dignitaries, including the social pattern of the whole to be "es- Viceroy of India, the Governor of sentially Indian." Bombay, the President of the Bom- bay Legislative Council, the Bishop In some measure this is what the of Bombay, High Court judges and Christian school at Hadapsar has other Government officials, as well been attempting. as important commissions, such as . the Simon Commission, mission- The buildings, as Mr. Bunter aries, and merchants, have visited had planned them, were to consist the place and have unanimously of a school, a dispensary, a Church expressed their admiration of the Hall, and a library. There was work. It has also attracted the atalso to be a model hamlet for which tention of the leading newspapers land has been secured not far from of Western India. Lord Irwin, the school. The total cost of the after visiting the school, said: project was to be about $70,000, of which Mr. Bunter had received I was delighted to have an oppor- $40,000, a large proportion of tunity of paying even a flying' visit which was willingly donated by to this school, and of seeing somenon-Christians. All the leading thing of the work and of the spirit in men of the village today were once which it is carried on…… Most boys in the school, and the coopera- warmly do I wish it all success. tive society of the village, which is in a very flourishing condition, is Work of this nature among the conducted entirely by former stu- agriculturist class has great posdents of the school. The villagers sibilities for the Indian Church for have refused to have any liquor the agriculturists are the "steel shop in their village and many of frame" of India's vast population. them contribute out of gratitude to the annual expenses and to the Their entrance into the Christian fund for new buildings. fold will mean a new era in Indian Christianity, a new chapter in Very definite Christian teaching India's religious history. With is given in the school during the their advent problems of self-supweek and on Sundays which are set port will vanish and also the probapart for the study of the Word of lem of the Christian Mass Move- God and prayer. The beautiful ment. They will help the depressed chapel has a seating capacity for classes to find their rightful place about three hundred people. in the economy of village life. The poverty – stricken community of The position of the school is Christians, virtually ignored by strategic, for within a radius of the Government and despised by two miles there are seven villages their own countrymen, may then (including Hadapsar) and a total become a strong Christian compopulation of 40,000, and the vil- munity gaining their support from lagers are eager to send their chil- the land and not dependent on fordren to this institution. Com- eign mission charity. pulsory education, if put into effect, would make it necessary to The work undertaken by Mr. provide accommodation for 600 Bunter at Hadapsar is an example boys and girls from Hadapsar of what an Indian layman can do alone. and is worthy of support of all

Christians who have vision and school is first of all a Christian :faith. Now he has been called to school where pupils are taught the lay down this work at the age of Bible as well as other branches of fifty-eight. It is left for others to learning and are brought into livcarry forward to completion. ing contact with Jesus Christ. The school buildings were reared, as it The late Rev. W. C. Whiteside, were, on his knees and they bear for many years C. M. S. missionary eloquent testimony to the power of at Poona, said: "To me the work prayer and to the indomitable at Hadapsar seems prophetic of faith of God's devoted servant. the extension of the Kingdom of Prayer was the secret of his own Christ among the farming com- SOME OF THE TEACHERS AND SCHOLARS AT HADAPf:AR munity which is the bodily frame victorious life, the secret of which of the great country of India. he tried to impart to others. Until this great community has been brought under the inspiration The legal talents of Mr. Bunter of the Gospel, India's contribution were also readily placed at the to the Kingdom of Heaven will not service of others. A missionary be complete…… The work at who knew him for thirty years Hadapsar may prove to be one of writes: "For over twenty-seven the scarce, noted beginnings of a years we took to him all our legal mighty conversion of a mighty troubles, and never could he be incommunity." duced to take a rupee from us. After he had worked for years on The evangelization of these peo- some of our land troubles, necessiple became a passion with Mr. tating many visits to court and Bunter, and he bent all his energies much office work, I said to him: and resources to educating these hardy tillers of the soil. The "Do give us a bill for some of this work at least."

AFRICAN DRUMS AND THEIR USES

"Do you really feel that I should type, India would more quickly be give you a bill?" he replied. "If won for Christ and the independyou wish that I will do so." ence of the Indian Church would be less a subject for discussion at Reaching into his pocket he took mission conferences. By his death out a fifty rupee note and said, missions have lost a true friend, "Here is a bill if you must have one the Indian Church one of its most -put it into the orphanage." devoted sons, the Christian com- munity a spiritual leader of rare "I will never ask you again for merit, and the agricultural classes another bilI," I said, "as long as I an effective worker for their highlive." est welfare.

Mr. Bunter was not of the ob- Remember in prayer the work structive, criticizing, sneering, ob- begun and carried on by this detrusive type of Christian layman, voted servant of God and his but was in hearty sympathy with equally devoted wife, a work which the leading objects of the Christian ministry. While he devoted the he has been called upon to relinmajor part of his time to people quish before he could place it on outside the Church, he recognized a firm financial basis. Pray earnthe claims of the Church not only estly that help may be given by on his time but also on his purse, other Christian stewards in Amerand he laid whatever talents God ica or India to finish the work, and had given him at the feet of his that the people for whom J. P. Master to be used for the further- Bunter so selflessly labored may ance of His cause. If the Church be won to the Lord Jesus Christ. were blessed with more men of this AFRICAN DRUMS AND THEIR USES * BY REV. A. E. VOLLOR, Arua, Western Nile District, Uganda A:RICA is a land of drums. in a small round hole in the hut, or The rhythmic throb of the near by. The relatives stand big drum and the fascinating around in a rough circle, the womroll of the small ones that stir the en clapping hands in unison as they whole district at home, communi- wail out their sorrow. One of the cating itself to the feet or fingers, men may be tapping the drum. is the same in Africa. But there is There is the regular rise and fall a difference. There is no pleasure of the voices as one of their number in the African dance drum, but pours out her grief and the rest rerather terror. peat it in a kind of chant.

The grandeur of the dawn is On the morrow the dance begins. spoiled by the wail of the death cry. The death of a child is not much Someone has died and the cry tells considered, but many gather to of the agony of those who have no dance for one who has taken his hope, that are beset only by the share in the life of the tribe. The powers of evil. During the morn- more important the person the biging the body of the one who has ger the dance and the longer it died is buried in a sitting position lasts. People from all the clan col- lect. The chief mourners are • From Inland Africa.

daubed with white clay from head Often cow-skin is used, but the ear to foot. All the men are decked of an elephant is most sought after ,with cowriex shells and feathers because of 'its elasticity and duraand carry spears, bows and arrows. bility. The drums are of all sizes. Drums are placed in the center and Some are about as long and as beat practically incessantly for a broad as a man, others are three whole day, sometimes for several. or four feet high and nearly three The drum beats out a monotonous feet broad. They look very neat thrumming, the women and girls with thongs of different colors. At clap their hands, the sad chant con- the court of Uganda, on occasions tinues, while the whole assembly as many as twenty or twenty-five jog up and down, without lifting are beaten in harmony. One is their feet from the ground. The never complete by itself. noise of the dance largely drowns the voices except at intervals when In the Northern Congo, part of the song rises almost to a shout, or a tree trunk is shaped with a somewhen a change of drummers is what flat top and legs underneath 'made and the chanting and clap- the body. It is then hollowed, leavping is heard alone. ing surfaces on which to beat. Sometimes projections are left to Constantly throughout the day form seats for the drummers. men run out of the circle singly or These wooden drums give out a in pairs; fiercely poising their SUrprising amount of sound. spears and then throwing them at some evil spirit discerned in the Not all the drums in Africa are grass, they quietly return and used for heathen dances. On the others in turn go out. Arua Mission Station we use drums to call the people together They keep this up throughout for worship. Owing to the number the hot day till evening when beer of the meetings we sound different is served. Thoroughly exhausted, beats for different purposes, and they spend the evening in beer also have introduced a gong-acdrinking. It is well that night tually part of the wheel of a railfalls over the repulsive scene. way truck. It may not be as tune- ful as a bell but the sound is not The sound of the drum carries disagreeable. far in this land, and since on moonlight nights they continue till All through the week our drums morning, it is seldom that there is call men, women and children to no dance drum to be heard. school, Gospel meetings, catechism and Bible classes. On Sunday the The African is beset by evil spir- day breaks to the crash of drums. its in every circumstance and every Then the gong sounds for prayer. action. More than all he fears After the prayer meeting the sickness and death. He discerns Christians go out into the villages the hand of the evil one all around to invite others to the Gospel meetbut he does not know of the One ing. The drums call the people to who delivered us from so great a come and listen to the Old Old death, and doth deliver, in whom Story. Again the drum calls the we trust that He will yet deliver. villagers to Sunday school when native Christians instruct six hun- The drums of this part of Africa dred of their own people in the are hollowed sections of trees cov- Way of Life. ered top and bottom with skins, laced to each other by thongs.

STRENGTHEN THE HOME BASE *

D URING the past year, Dr. Christian civilization upon non- John R. Mott has spent much Christian thought and life will of his time visiting virtually never be christianized. "Only as all the mission boards of North men in business, commerce and America, the British Isles and finance, in the diplomatic and con- Scandinavian countries; attending sular service, in army and navy, in a chain of over thirty conferences exploration and engineering, in the of carefully selected groups of many other secular walks of life, leading students, both men and and travellers in their countless so- women, of the universities of these cial contacts-only as these lay- countries, and collaborating in men, by example, by advocacy and many gatherings of representative by every other exercise of their in- laymen of Europe and America. fluence, commend and illustrate the Fresh from these wide and varied Gospel of Christ can the Christian contacts and with an experience faith fully permeate modern life.

extending qver an average life- Such examples constitute one of time as a background, Dr. Mott the mightiest of all apologetics to analyses the present condition of discerning followers of non-Chris- the "Home Base" and makes some tian faiths."

definite suggestions for strengthen- But perhaps the most important ing it. necessity for enlisting laymen in Lay forces must be put to work. this undertaking is the fact that a Missionary societies have too few pagan home base cannot build a laymen under forty years of age Christian civilization in mission on their man a gin g boards. lands. "That is, if Christians of Younger men of business experi- Europe and America are to be of ence are needed to develop a "de- largest helpfulness in Asia and pendable financial base" and to Africa in the conflict with the opium conduct "this complex, world-wide curse, the drink evil, the traffic in undertaking" along sound business women and children, forced labor lines. Such active participation of or slavery, commercial exploitation laymen and laywomen of tried and robbery, the cinema at its business judgment, business habits worst and a devitalizing materialand wide business contacts is es- ism or secularism, then it is absosential in "generating confidence lutely necessary that we come to and enlisting the cooperation of closer and more successful grapple multitudes among the millions of with these and other evils in the lay members who today are totally Christian West. This can only be indifferent to the missionary ob- done as the lay forces of all our Christian Churches are called into ligation and challenge." Furthermore, unless I a y men action within the sphere of their everywhere take serious interest daily calling." in the world mission of Christian- The financial position of Chrisity, the impact of our so-called tian missions must be strength- ened. Dr. Mott summarized the • From The Internatio"al Review of Mis· matter as follows: sions.

3 913

We do not share with Christians compartments, rather than usherat home the right up-to-date facts. ing them into the all-inclusive We deal too much in generalities Kingdom of Christ. and by no means sufficiently with the living and the concrete. We We fall short of making real the fail to convey the impression of the vital significance and the congreatness of the undertaking. We science-shaking requirements of present mere fractions in contrast Christ's announced world purpose. with the wide range of wholeness How little we communicate the of the enterprise. We leave people sense of the splendor, the wonder, far too much shut up in narrow the superhuman in it all! "They denominational, national and racial shall speak of Thy Kingdom and talk of Thy power!"

THE GIFT OF KHAMA'S PEOPLE* W HEN the Scottish National special carving. Mr. Pilkington Memorial to David Living- Jackson, the sculptor, has now stone was being prepared at completed the group of figures in Blantyre, Chief Khama's people oak here reproduced. It is called sent £150 from Bechuanaland to "The Last Journey," and will be meet the cost of one of the histori- recognized as commemorating the cal tableaux which are the chief affection and endurance of the delight of visitors to the house. At faithful men who carried Livingthe request of the chief the grant stone's body through many perils was applied to the production of a from Chitambo's village to the East coast of Africa. • From the L. M. Ii. Ohronlc!e.

PART OF CARVING ON THE MEMORIAL TO DAVID LIVINGSTONE, GIVEN BY THE PEOPLE OF THE LATE CHIEF KHAMA ~b' BECHUANALAND

SUNDAR SlNGH AS 1 SAW H1M

BY HARRY W. NISSANKA, Lasaigaon, Nasik, India T WELVE years ago when I by the principal, the Sadhu spoke was only fourteen years old in Urdu, interpreted by Canon and a student at the Baptist Goldsmith, missionary to the Mo- High School at Colombia, I first hammedans in Madras. His text heard reports concerning an In- was, "Vanity of vanities, all is van- dian evangelist, garbed like a ity." This was the only sentence Hindu holy man, and preaching the he uttered in English. As we lis- Gospel of Christ with unusual tened we realized we were at grips power. We heard that miraculous with reality. Here was a message, experiences had attended his min- simplicity itself, which went istry. Then we learned that he was straight to our hearts. How vain, to visit Ceylon and we boys were how unreal, how wicked become on tiptoe keenly awaiting the Sad- the things of life when they fail of hu's coming. Imagine our delight the highest purpose! There was a when one day at chapel, our prin- man, said the Sadhu, who, by dint cipal, the R·ev. H. J. Charter, an- of perseverance, managed to ob- nounced that on the following tain an M.A. degree with honors.

morning Sadhu Sundar Singh was In his student days he was so poor to speak to uf!. that he could not afford an ordi- Long before the time advertised nary bottle lamp of the sort used in for the meeting, the Waldock Me- the poorest households of India, so morial Hall was crowded with an he collected a number of little fire- expectant audience of over three flies, tied them up in a piece of hundred. Minutes of waiting thin cloth, and by their light read seemed hours, so anxious were we his lessons and wrote his exercises.

to catch a glimpse of the man He was amply rewarded for his whose labors and sufferings for industry for in course of time he Christ had so thrilled our hearts. rose to be prime minister of a na- At length we heard the buzzing of tive state. But he had forgotten a motor car, and a tall, graceful the one thing needful. He had left figure draped in saffron robe, ad- God out of account. He became ill vancing with an elastic step to- and was at death's door. The Sad- wards the dais. hu was sent for. But the man The effect was electrical. Per- passed away into the unknown feet stillness fell upon the audience, with a cry of despair on his lips.

as though a vision from another "What was the use," asked the world had suddenly burst upon us. Sadhu, "of all his education when There was nothing fanatical in his God was left out of his life?"

appearance. On the other hand, His talk abounded in illustra- his countenance bespoke a holy tions. His parables and anecdotes calmness and gravity, radiating pointed di~ectIy to his chief lesson the glow of a perpetual communion and enforced it. He did not speak with the Saviour. long-not more than twenty-five After the hymn, "Let us with a minutes. But every word told. It gladsome mind praise the Lord for was like an arrow that pierced the He is kind," and a prayer offered heart with conviction.

915

At the close of the meeting, "I shall not occupy your time with everyone crowded around the Sad- useless talk about what I have seen hu to shake hands. Superstitious- and heard in my travels. The ly I pressed through the throng Apostle Paul says, 'Pray without and touched the end of his saffron ceasing.'" Then he began a most scarf, hoping to be benefited there- evangelical sermon on prayer.

by. But spiritual power is not ob- I still remember two of his illus- tained in that way. trations. The mother slaps her Two years passed away. Sadhu baby on its back to make it cry, Sundar Singh had visited Europe, and by crying expand its lungs so America and Australia; and on his that it may breathe more freely.

return to India must needs pass Just so the Lord smites us some- through Colombo. He was to times and we may cry out, but thus spend a few hours until the de- we learn to breathe more freely of parture of the train to India. A the atmosphere of heaven, prayer.

meeting was advertised at the Communion with God means God Tower Hall (on September 20, in us and we in God. Yet this does 1920 at 6 P. M.), one of the larg- not destroy our individuality. If est auditoriums in the city. The the iron is in the fire, there will place was cn~wded and I sat in the soon be fire in the iron. But the gallery at the farther end of the iron does not become fire, and the hall. The Sadhu entered, accom- fire does not become iron. At the panied by a number of clergymen end of the address someone asked and other Christian workers and him to what denomination he be- we sang the hymn, "0 for a closer longed. He replied: "I am a walk with God." After a few in- simple Christian. I belong to no troductory remarks by the chair- denomination. Denominationalism man, the Sadhu was called upon to is quarrelism."

speak. He was still the same * * * >I< * simple man we had seen two years before. Only this time he spoke In the disappearance of Sadhu in English. He told us that in the Sundar Singh while on his way to providence of God he had been Tibet Christianity has lost one of privileged to bear his testimony to its greatest practical exponents.

Christ's saving power in Europe, Lost? Nay, not so; for his ex- America and Australia. He said: ample will continue to live.

THE STORY OF MISS TSAI OF CHINA AS TOLD BY HERSELF M y FATHER had twenty-two We could have almost anything we children. He had two wives wished. Our home was large and· and a concubine and his po- had beautiful gardens with an sition was next to that of the gov- abundance of flowers and a lake ernor of the province. He was a in the grounds. As a young girl, man of wealth and of good char- I spent most of my time playing acter. Our household numbered Ma J ongg and drinking wine, payabout sixty, counting the servants ing a good deal of attention to fine -and each small child had a nurse. clothes. I loved my father and he

THE STORY OF MISS TSAI OF CHINA

loved me and gave me many pleas- book with me and held it inside ures, taking me every week to a my Bible to read during the servtheater. Once when he was very ice. I did not wish to pay any atill, I thought of the old Chinese tention to Bible teaching. One day idea that if the flesh of a child is a celebrated American was to take boiled and given to drink that the the service and my only thought patient will recover, so secretly I in hearing him speak was to learn tried to cut a piece of flesh from new English expressions-for I my arm. I had no idea how diffi- thought, if I am obliged to go, I cult it would be and it sickened will use the time to improve my me as I tried again and again with English and that will be my rea blunt pair of scissors to cut off ward for attending. I realize now a piece, but at last I succeeded and how much prayer was going up for my father really did get well. My me as I studied month after month. arm was very, very sore as I put Gradually the words of the Scripon ashes of incense burned in our tures began to sink into my heart private temple, and tied it up with and I felt anything but happy. a none too clean handkerchief, but I kept my secret for a long time, One day when I went to a servfor part of· this superstition is to ice the pastor said "Why is it that tell no one for a hundred days, some people who have heard the during which time the idols are Gospel over and over again are so implored to take notice of this sac- unhappy?" He drew the comparirifice. It took six months for the son that they were like a tree wound to heal. My father passed which had fallen and lay on the away about a year afterwards and ground, and under it were all manwhile we sUlI had enough of this ner of crawling creatures because world's goods, we were not as they loved to dwell away from the wealthy as before. light in the darkness. One day as I sat in a park, I remembered his I was greatly interested in my words and thought: I will see studies but was told that I would whether or not his words are true, not really be considered educated and moved a large block of wood until I could speak other languages. which was lying on the ground. I learned Latin and English in the There, to my amazement I saw a normal school but as I grew up I serpent wriggling its way out of wished to know more. I inquired the light and numbers of insects where I could learn more English all made uncomfortable by the light and a mission school was recom- shining upon them. It was then mended to me. There I made some that I realized that the Lord Jesus progress but when I wanted to was speaking to me and that I was have a special teacher for English, unhappy in the light He had given the lady, Miss Davis, who offered me because I was still in darkness to help me stipulated that the Bi- of soul. So I went to my room and ble must be the textbook. I said prayed: "Oh God, if there is a that I would rather study some God, help me." Then God met me other book for I was not interested and the light came into my life. in the Bible, but she was firm and so we began. I would not attend From that day I knew Christ as prayers until I found it was re- my Saviour and soon after made quired and then I took another a public confession and was bap- tized. I had not spoken to my par-

ents of my new experience but drag our family name into the asked a friend to write and tell dust." them because I knew they would be displeased. When I went home I did not get angry, but said a short time afterwards I found "Oh mother, Jesus is more to me my mother weeping and my eight than anything on earth." older brothers (I was one of the younger children), sitting around They wished to betroth me and the room like judges. My eldest my mother opened the treasure brother beat me. My mother con- chest and showed me all the fine tinued weeping day and night, for apparel and jewels I should have a week. I said, "Mother, the Lord upon marriage-but even these Jesus is so much to me that I can- could not supplant Jesus Christ not help but follow Him." I suf- My brothers stilI beat me at times fered much persecution, for my but gradually the Lord worked in brothers felt I had disgraced them their hearts and, one by one, they and often said "Sister, what have turned to Him. My mother became you done?" When I came to the seriously ill and we brought her table and asked a silent blessing to the Friends' Hospital. Miss Leait displeased-my family very much man, another lady and I fasted for and sometimes they were so angry three days after which my mother that they sent me away without a showed signs of relenting. Before mouthful. Often I spoke to them she left the hospital, she accepted about the Lord. He kept my heart the Lord. After that she tried to in peace and kept me from speak- help in the work in every way she ing hastily. When my mother was could. ill and I again asked her if she would believe, she said: "When I A proud sister who lives in am dead and in my coffin, and the Shanghai said: "Do not call yourlid put down, then and only then self a Bible woman, we do not will I believe in Jesus!" want one of our family to be known by that name. I only said "It is After a time, my favorite broth- most honorable to be a Bible womer, who still loved me, wished me an." to teach him Latin. As we sat in one of the summer houses near our "Then I cannot receive you into private temple in which were my home," she answered. scores of idols, large and small, I drew his attention to them telling "I am sorry if you cannot rehim they could not hear as Jesus ceive me but I must serve the Lord did to whom I prayed. Gradually with all my soul and strength," I he came to believe. It was then replied, "and to serve Him is my that my mother suffered most. She greatest joy." said "I cannot bear it, I cannot bear it; it was bad enough when I praise the Lord that now thiryou followed this foreign doctrine ty-one of my family have come to but to have a son of mine believe know the Lord and that He gives it, is too much to endure, I will me strength to tell my sisters of give you away to anyone, into any His great love. kind of home, just so you will not Miss Tsai is now doing fine work and is greatly used of the Lord among Gov- ernment school girls, knowing their trials and difficulties when they come out on the Lord's side. She herself has gone through the experience. Pray for her.

Present War in Europe tion and are open to persuasion

competing claims. This war, ,says Devere Allen in The American Friend, is being "fought The growth of anti-war sentiment in within men's minds; fought in the the Christian churches of England market place, the stock exchange and and America is heartening but in the banking institutions; in the dip- Europe this development has not been lomatic headquarters of the struggling nearly as rapid and widespread. nations; in the chemical and ammunition factories; in the contest to sway What can be done to avert the conmillions of youth toward different sys- flict for which the world seems to be terns; fought between a hundred preparing and rehearsing? minorities and the majorities that Salary Cuts and "No Retreat"

would hold them subject; fought in In these days, when many find that the clash of propaganda issued by their incomes have greatly decreased, clever snipers in pressrooms; fought when multitudes are out of employin the shop, the meeting hall and the ment and when contributions to street between the ruling classes and benevolent objects have been falling the revolutionary proletariat." War- off, it is natural that mission board making attitudes and practices hang executives and office staff should face over the European peoples and are not a reduction in salaries. Probably easily dispelled. none of these salaries are too large, Uppermost in people's minds are when we consider the cost of living and the responsibilities involved. wartime legends rather than the cold, S'ome Boards have adopted a salary real facts about war. Small nationali- ties and minority populations cry for basis so small as to mea'll real sacrifice justice and yet it is difficult to find and a threatened loss in efficiency.

the ideal for them. French rule in There is a wide range in the amount Alsace-Lorraine since the War has not paid missionary executives – from solved the Alsacian problem. The un- $2,500 to $8,000 a year, according to settled situations in other minority the board or society.

groups show the difficulty in adjusting The executives of more than one the status QU()o If the League of Na- mission board have agreed to a ten per cent reduction in their salaries, and a tiO'IIS becomes an instrument for peace- five per cent reduction in the salaries able changes in the status quo, peace paid to members of the clerical staff, will immeasurably be advanced.

Communism and capitalism are wag- rather than make a cut in the missioning war for supremacy in Europe. aries' salaries. The secretaries of the Montague Norman, Governor of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- Bank of England, recently said that sions have voted to inaugurate a sacriunless drastic measures are taken to ficial fund with a view to maintaining save the world, the whole economic the work abroad without reduction. structure will topple in a year. Soviet It is called a "No Retreat Fund." AI- Russia is viewed with a mixture of ready the voluntary contributions to fear and interest. Peace organiza- this fund, from the secretaries, office tions originally militantly opposed to staff and members of the Board, war have assumed a fact-finding func- amount to a considerable sum. Some 919

executives have cheerfully contributed moderator of the General Assembly of ten per cent of their salaries. the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., and president of the Federal Council of The secretaries of any mission board Churches of Christ in America. ca'nnot see the work threatened without concern and the Presbyterian The recent anniversary of Dr. Board has noted with anxiety a de- Speer's secretaryship of the Board of crease of gifts in recent years. If Foreign Missions was a very happy this should continue at the present celebration presided over by Dr. rate (about 9.6 per cent) during the Charles R. Erdman, president, and rest of the year, there would be a brief addresses were given by Dr. deficit of at least $330,000. Such a Lewis S. Mudge, Moderator of the deficit would almost certainly demand General Assembly; Dr. John R. Mott, a "cut" in appropriations for the com- Secretary of the International Mising year with a consequent loss to the sionary Council; Dr. J. Ross Stevenwork. It is already difficult for the son, President of Princeton Theological Christians on the field to support their Seminary; Dr. Arthur J. Brown, for share of the work. All appeals are to thirty-five years a beloved oolleague of be subordinated this year to the major Dr. Speer; and Dr. A. R. Bartholoneeds of the regular budget. This mew, for forty-four years secretary of will leave many urgent calls unan- the Board of Foreign Missions of the swered. Reformed Church in the United States. Expressions of thanksgiving, affection Careful examinatio'n will also be and esteem came from hundreds of made of the entire work, at home and friends and fellow workers in many on the field, to discover whether churches. Dr. Speer and Dr. Stevenfurther savings can be effected and son both called attention to the growth where and how funds can be used of the Foreign Mission enterprise durmore effectively. ing the past forty years. The work under the Presbyterian Board has in- The state of the world challenges creased threefold in the missionaries the Church to an increase of giving supported, and the budget fourfold, and sacrifice. This is a time of crisis while the membership at home has when the Church of Christ should re- doubled. Many missionary forward spond to the call for prayer and for movements have been inaugurated or sacrifice. enlarged during this period, including the Foreign Missions Conference, the Robert E. Speer's Anniversary* Student Volunteer Movement, the Lay- men's Missionary Movement, the Mis- The whole span of the Presbyterian sionary Education Movement and the Board of Foreign Missions has been International Missionary Council, and covered in the lifetime of two honored the Committee ·on Cooperation in secretaries, John C. Lowrie, who Latin America. In all of these Dr. served in the office for the first sixty Speer has had a large and active part. years, and Robert E. Speer, who has just completed forty years in the secre- Interest in Foreign Missions has taryship of the Board. This anniver- greatly increased during this period. sary was observed by a special noonday The spirit of loving and sympathetic prayer meeting conducted by the cler- cooperation at home and on the misical staff in the Board rooms on No- sion field has largely taken the place of vember 2d and by a small reception separatism, criticism and rivalry. Misgiven by the Board on the same after- sionary work has become more diversinoon. fied and specialized and more emphasis is placed on the special training of Dr. Speer has been president of the candidates and on promoting united policy and action through missionary MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD conferences. The world and its prob- for fifteen year·s, and has recently been *This editorial app~ars without the knowledge of Dr. Speer, our president.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

lems have vastly changed in the past What Orientals Think ofAmerica forty years but there are new opportunities .offered and new victories lie T HERE are 3,579 students from the ahead. Now is a time for clearer vi- five principal countries in the Orision, more complete consecration, new ent enrolled in American colleges and courage, more perfect faith, new ad- universities. Adding those who are vances, new struggles, new sacrifices not actually enrolled at this time, the and new triumphs in Christ. total number of the students from the Orient would easily exceed 5,000. Six years more of service as secre- From at least one standpoint, the tary of the Board lie before Dr. Speer presence .of these young men and before his retirement. Since we are women is significant in that upon their on the threshold of a great new era return to their respective countries in which the larger opportunities sum- they will form the class of leadership mon us to new forward movements, in various fields of activity, and they Dr. Mott suggested that when Dr. will be looked upon by their own peo- Speer is released from the responsi- ple as -interpreters of America and of bility of his secretaryship he may well Western civilization. It is important devote himself to helping to promote to know what attitudes these students true religious liberty across the world; are forming toward America and to prom.oting further Christian co- Western culture. operation in thought and action at home and abroad; to awakening and In order to inquire into the problem, enlisting the lay forces in the church; The Korean Student Bulletin sent out to writing the life stories of great a questionnaire to 100 representative Christian leaders and to convincing students from each of the following men of all nations that the claims of countries: China, Japan, Korea, the Jesus Christ are universal, essential Philippine Islands and India. Taken and supreme. We hopefully look for- as a whole, the opinions found in the ward to the coming years in our replies may be regarded as a crossfriend's life with confidence that they section of the Oriental students in will be the richest in service and the America. most fruitful for the Kingdom of God. 1. The first question asked was Look for January "Do you consider America as good a; you thought she was while you were Friends of THE REVIEW will be espe- in your oum country?" To this query, cially interested in the changes that 43 replied negatively, 33 in the affirmare to be made in our January number. ative, and 2 gave no answer. This im- Some of these are quite radical as to plies that more than half think Amerform and contents but we hope they ica to be worse than expected. will make THE REVIEW still more attractive and useful in promoting the The reasons given for unfavorable cause ()f Christ. answers are: No sympathy, no deep faith in Christ, hard to get jobs, race The January articles will present a prejudice, political corruption, moral review of the past year and the out- degeneration, vice, insincerity, disrelook at home and abroad by such writ- spect, materialism, lack of moral and ers as Robert E. Speer, William I. spiritual qualities, lack of law and Chamberlain, Kenneth S. Latourette, order and of opportunity, few Chris- Samuel M. Zwemer, John McDowell, tians, inj ustice, inequality, indiffer- John R. Mott and Arthur J. Brown. ence to religion, and commercialism.' Do not miss the January number. Of these seventeen reasons, race preju- dice stands at the top in frequency, Plans for the coming year make an and lack of spiritual life or materialespecially attractive program which ism comes second. can scarcely fail to prove of great interest and help to everyone interested The favorable replies give the folin the progress of Christianity. lowing reasons: Educational advan-

tages, American idealism, hospitality, Any God-called and Spirit-filled man kindness, friendliness and wealth. or woman may do a wonderful work 2. The second question asked was, in a God-appointed task. It is not "Has your Christian faith been education or talent or physical health strengthened since you came to Amer- or personality, that insures success, it ica?" Thirty-eight replied affirma- is the power of God in the life.

tively, 31 in the negative, 8 stated no Three general types of missions are change had occurred, and 6 gave no conducted by representatives of the answer. The reasons given for favor- Christian Church in foreign lands.

able answers were: Superstition elim- Some of these types change from time inated; learned more of Christianity; to time-a sort of transmutation of Christian culture; contact with good the species.

Christians; atmosphere of American First, there are the general denomi- environment, religious influence, national missions, such as the Church church attendance, feeling of helpless- Missionary Society and the Presbyte- ness, Christian atmosphere at «allege, rian Board, with definite home con- Christian homes, need for r~ligion stituencies, administrative boards at stronger here, learned to take life the home base, and several depart- positively, and personal religion. ments of field work-institutional and The reasons given to account for evangelistic. These societies differ their decreas~ in Christian faith since greatly in the amount and character their arrival are: Lack of real Chris- of their institutional work and in their tian faith, study of social and natural emphasis on evangelism. They gen- sciences, race prejudice, Christian erally build up churches on the field teachings not practiced, narrowmind- with doctrines, government and wor- edness, heavy school work, American ship similar to those in the home land. indifference to Christianity, little con- Second, there are the large non-de- tact with Christians, genuine Chris- nominational or interdenominational tian spirit lacking, church sermons of missions like the Y. M. C. A. and the little value, American churches too Near East colleges, with a le"s de- superficial, unbrotherly attitude of fined home constituency and with more Christians, American environment not administrative responsibilities on the conducive to spiritual growth, hypoc- field. These organizations usually de- risy. materialism, true Christians few. vote thei!' energies to institutional childish controversy over theological work-educational or social. They do dogmas. not form independent churches and, as a rule, do not emphasize evangelism.

Principles of "}'aith Missions" Some of them are endowed and re- ceive large subsidies from national To any student of missions it is governments.

clear that God works and has worked Third, there are the so-called "Faith through the ages, working through Missions." like the China Inland Mismany instruments and agencies and sion, and Donhavur Fellowship. They has accepted the services of many men are independent and evangelistic and and women who have been discredited have no definite denominational con- and rejected by human courts that un- stituency behind them. In many cases dertook to speak for Him. There are their governing boards are on the field, responsibilities that He has placed while cooperating councils promote upon us and there are standards that the work at home. Many of them do He has set for us. These we must study not establish institutional work but and follow if we would be partners limit themselves wholly to preaching, with Him in the great work of win- evangelism, the education of children ning men to Christ. The greatest re- of converts and the training of native sponsibility placed on Mission Boards Christian workers. Some of these is in the selection of missionaries. missions establish no indepell(~ent

churches on the field but advise con- evangelization of the whole world. The verts to join those already founded by China Inland MilSsion has recently denominational missions. adopted a plan to turn over to the Chinese church the work in the older In the midst of the present financial stations and to send their available depression at home and of unrest and missionaries into new territory. opposition in the mission fields, it is interesting to note that some inde- 3. Many of the workers in "Faith pendent evangelistic missions seem Missions," being in the newer fields, generally to have suffered less from have fewer comforts than are enjoyed de.1cits than the other two classes of by missionaries in the larger centers missions. Some are particularly that are in closer contact with civilizastrong-like the China Inland Mis- tion. The workers receive small salsion, Christian and Missionary Alli- aries and many live on a community ance, the Africa Inland Mission, the basis, sharing what funds are avail- Egypt General Mission and others. able but without guarantees. Many of There are lessons that these independ- them endure severe hardships, characent workers can learn from denomi- teristic of pioneering and believe that national missions-lessons especially such sacrifices are inherent in true in cooperation, comity and building missionary life. strongly for the future. Are there not also lessons that larger denominational 4. "Faith Missions" are convinced and interdenominational missions may of the lost condition of all men apart learn from these smaller bodies-at from Christ. They believe that no huleast lessons in emphasis? man merit or good works can save a soul and that since eternal death is the 1. "Faith Missions," as a rule, put wages of sin, all men must accept the almost all their emphasis on evangel- Gospel or be forever lost. ism and they very strictly limit the amount of institutional work that 5. "Faith Missions" insist on absothey undertake. They believe that lute faith in Jesus Christ as the eterthe great commission of Christ was to nal Son of God and the only Saviour be His witnesses, to preach the Gospel of men through His sacrifice on the rather than to establish Christian in- Cross. Their theology is strictly constitutions where educational, social or servative. In most of these missions industrial work absorbs a large part every officer and worker is required of the funds and energies of the mis- to subscribe to the doctrinal basis sions. There is a growing feeling which includes: Belief in the full inamong many Christians, at home and spiration of the Scriptures; the Trinabroad, that denominational missions ity; "the fall of man"; the atonement are becoming over institutionalized so through the death of Christ; justifithat money and strength that should cation by faith in Christ; the resurbe used for direct evangelism j.s used rection of Christ and of all the dead; for educational or social work. This and in eternal life for the saved and latter is a ministry greatly needed but eternal suffering for the lost. of secondary importance. 6. "Faith Missions," largely as a re- 2. "Faith Missions" generally have sult of foregoing, put great emphasis in view the unoccupied fields. They on prayer and the guidance and power are pioneers and as a rule these socie- of the Holy Spirit. Consistent and ties were formed for the purpose of successful "Faith Missions" depend opening new territory-such as inland upon prayer as the great resource in China, Africa or South America. the selection of workers, in the secur- They aim to reach the most inacces- ing of funds, in planning the work, for sible fields and the most neglected the opening of closed doors and the classes in older fields so that they may, overcoming of opposition; for protecas speedily as possible, complete the tion of life and property, for the prep- aration and winning of converts, and

for the selection and equipment of na- Denominational missions, no doubt, tive workers. Some accept "faith healing" and depend on special guid- by the study of "Faith Missions," may ance; many refuse to ask openly for workers or funds to support the mis- be impressed anew with the value of sion. a definite objective and fixed stand- Many of those associated with denominational church missions accept ards; they may put greater empha- many or all of these principles of faith and practice but they are not usually sis on the authority of the Bible as required as inherent in the organization and all its members. the Word of God, on the prime im- 7. "Faith Missions," as a rule, be- portance of evangelism in every de- lieve in the imminent Personal and visible return of Christ to earth as partment of the work; on the need for foretold in the New Testament. They, therefore, believe that the world will more pioneer service in unoccupied not become wholly Christian, that the Kingdom of God will not be universal- fields; on the need of all men to rely recognized through a gradual process. Their hope is not in human or- ceive life through Christ and His ganization but the personal return of Jesus Christ to reign and to subdue atonement; on complete dependence all things to Himself. This belief does not create pessimism Dr cause a tend- on God and His guidance through conency to sit idly and await the Advent; it gives courage in the midst of apos- tinued prayer and the Holy Spirit and tasy and persecution and leads to dependence on God, and unquestion- on the blessed hope for the return of ing obedience to Him and faith that He will establish His Kingdom on Christ to establish His Kingdom. earth in His own appointed time. After all there is only one Church, of "Faith Missions" have not, by any means, a monopoly of these convictions which we are all members; one Head and may learn from "Church Missions" many equally valuable lessons, which whom we all honor, and one Spirit on some of them have apparently .overlooked. Most of the outstanding Chris- whom we must all depend for guidance tian missionaries and most of the work of winning men to Christ have been and for power. – connected with the "Church Missions." Many "Faith Missions" fail to recog- Need in the Dutch East Indies nize sufficiently the value of effective organization, of Christian institutions, A missi'Onary in Malaysia writes to of definite campaigns, lessons in busi- the Editor as f'Ollows: ness efficiency and adequate support of the work. They may learn tolerance "A short article in the May REVIEW, without disloyalty, and that faithful- is by my friend the Rev. J. A. Jaffray. ness does not inv:olve suspicion of others. They may learn the value of "After careful investigati'On the east cooperation and the truth that the coast of Borne'O has been chosen and Spirit 'of God works through many several missionaries .of the Christian different agents and in many different and Missi'Onary Alliance are now workways. ing there among Chinese and Dyaks. The important city of Makassar has been decided UP'On as a celJlter, and work has als'O been started am'Ong the Chinese on the islands Bali Sambah in Saembawa.

"I write t'O support Mr. Jaffray's request f'Or the w'Ork in Balik-papan, Samarinda and Makassar. They repre- sent places of midnight darkness.

"The work among the Chinese in Makassar has now been started through a gr'Oup of missionaries en- couraged by Mr. Jaffray. In Sura- baya (a, city in which are living 265,872 Javanese), Christian mission- aries have been working for years.

"The Chinese in Bali number 7,645, n'Ot 'some hundreds of th'Ousands' (page 701, September REVIEW).

"DR. N. A. C. SLOTgMAKERDE BRUINE."

fmODS fOR WORKf4

EDITED BY MRS. F.!. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK GIFT GIVERS Magdalene: "But I don't have much to spend at Christmas anyway so I (A Christmas Missionary Playlet in guess you need not count on me for Two Scenes) anything."

By J. NEAL GRIFFITH Edna: "I don't have much either but when I think how disappointed Scene One they will be I want to help a little."

Place: A Young Women's Mission- Miss Miller: "Now, girls, you have ary Meeting. given a good reason why we should send the boxes but not the best. Re- Setting: Home Furnishings or a member that the true secret of a hap- Church Classroom. py Christmas is sharing it with others. Magdalene, I'm not ,so sure that the Characters: Miss Miller, the Coun- people 'of foreign lands don't give us cillor; Magdalene, Grace, Edna, Caro- anything. I hope you will think it line and others. over and change your mind."

(As scene opens the meeting is in Scene Two progress. If the time is limited the dialogue may begin at once. If more Time: Christmas Day. time can be used have a missionary Setting: A davenport or large easy hymn, Scripture, prayer or special chair at one side of the platform with numbers precede it.) a telephone near. The other side of the platform should have a table with Miss MiUer: "Well, girls, I think a number of unwrapped packages and you all know what our big work is this boxes. evening. It is one in which I am sure Characters: Magdalene; representyou should all be interested." atives from various countries, if pos- sible, wearing the costumes of their Caroline: "Of course we know and native land, or in plain robes. we're all realy to help." Magdalene: "Well, this has been a busy Christmas Day and I have had Magdalene: "Don't say 'we,' for such a lot of nice gifts. But I feel so I'm sure I can't imagine what it is." sleepy I guess I'll sit down and rest a minute." (Sits down and falls asleep.) Edna: "Why, Magdalene, don't you (Spirit from China enters and know that this is November and it's speaks as she stands by the packages.) nearly the middle of the month?" China: "You said that Caroline gave you this vase today but I wonder Grace: "Yes, and if we don't get our if you know where it really came from. Christmas mission boxes sent soon Months ago we labored in China to they won't reach the mission stations decorate this glass for your room. in time." Perhaps you forgot the long hours we work at a very small wage that you Miss MiUer: "Yes, of course, that's might have these pretty things. We what I meant." make them for you and yet have so little for ourselves." Magdalene: "Well, it may be the time but I can't see why we should put ourselves out to send Christmas gifts to people who never give us anything."

Caroline: "But think how disappointed they will be if nothing comes this year."

Grace: "Yes, and we've always done it."

925

(She retires and Porto Rico ap- estine and Arabia, was the scene of pears.) the Old Testament stories and the Porto Rico: "I think you forgot us blessed Christmas Day you love so when you thanked your brother for much, celebrates the great event that this box of candy. Down in Porto happened in a little town in what is Rico we labor very hard in the sugar now a mission field. What if we had cane fields. The sun sometimes seems kept that story to ourselves and had unbearable but we must not stop be- never told it to you who live in the cause we must raise the sugar for West? We have given you the knowl- YDur delicacies. We are oppressed by edge of the greatest Christmas gift superstition and pleasures are so few of all."

that we feel bad when your gifts do (Representatives of all the countries not come." retire. Magdalene awakes, sits up and (Porto Rico retires and a Negro rubs her eyes.) girl from the South enters.) Magdalene: "Why I must have been Southern Girl: "I'm glad that you sleeping. I must have dreamed for I liked the cloth for your new dresses felt as though my gifts had been talk- for we worked hard in the cotton fields ing. I'm going to call Mi·ss Miller."

this year. We try to be happy but (Takes up telephone and calls num- sometimes we get discouraged for the ber.) "Hello . . . Oh Miss Miller, I've gifts to some of the missions have had the strangest dream just now and been so reduced that the little schools I think I know now what you meant have been discontinued; we cannot last month when you said you weren't afford to hire teachers." so sure that we did not receive our (She retires and an Indian or Es- gifts from people of other lands. You kimo boy from Alaska enters.) know I think that everything I got for Alaskan Boy: "It was your father Christmas this year really came from I know who paid for the fur neckpiece someone who waH not so fortunate as you received far Christmas, but we 1. I'm terribly ashamed that I didn't boys in Alaska were the ones who help with the gift boxes this year. I walked miles through the snow t'O set want you to know that I'm starting the traps where the fur animal was right now to plan for next year …

caught. Now we hear that some mis- You're happy? .. Well, I'm happy too sion hospitals are closed fDr lack of but I think that next Christmas will funds to carry them on. This will be be much happier than this one was …

a bad winter for us." What? .. Oh yes, of course I'll tell the (Japan enters as the Alaskan boy girls all about my dream at the next retires.) meeting. Good-bye."

Japan: "Do y'Ou know, it took a (If the lights can be lowered while the good many aching backs and tired feet various gift givers speak, it will be efand hands to care for the silk worms fective.) and to watch the looms that wove the HELPS FOR MISSION STUDYsilk scarf you have there? Even the BOOK PROGRAMS little children in Japan have to work very hard and we seldom have for our Quoted from God and the Census own any of the nice things we make "We created the Indian problem"

for you." said someone at the Washington Con- (An Arab or a Hebrew child en- gress, "by stealing the Indian's land.

ters.) And we created the Negro problem by Arab: "I see that someone gave you stealing the Negro to work that land."

a fine Bible. Did you ever think where (Page 81.) it came from? I know that it was When we get to the point where we printed in your own country but don't are emphasizing again the things you remember where all these things which divide us; when, for the sake happened? My land, 'Syria and Pal- of denominational position or personal

METHODS FOR WORKERS

glory, we confuse children in the faith There is no particular reason for with differences which, if they really believing that a young man will love mattered, Christ himself would have the Japanese in Tokio if he abhors the clarified explicitly, is the fine flame of Japanese in Los Angeles.

{Jur spiritual zeal not dying down? "We must find God again and walk (Page 144.) His way." (Page 155.) "We wish once more to say what the Most certainly we cannot expect a Home Missions Council has repeated- quickening of spiritual power in either ly said, that we are convinced that the young or old until God has a more time has come to eliminate competi- real place in our lives. And this must tion in home missions. We are un- be not a gener~ process operating equivocally opposed to the use of through organization propaganda, but mission funds for the maintenance of a definite experience in the heart of competitive enterprises." (Page 148.) each one of us. The Washington Con- "For a century the church in Ameri- gress quoted the words of Stanley ca labored under the conviction that Jones, "We cannot go further until we it must expand and press on. If that go deeper," and continued: sense of imperative need has been lost, "The band of men who nineteen we must recreate it in the church." hundred years ago went out to trans- (Page 150.) form the world were moved by the The quality which has been lost out conviction that there is but Qne 'name 'Of our giving is the giving of our- under heaven given among men selves. We have talked about giving whereby we must be saved: That con- what we possess. As a matter of fact, viction had been born in them of a often we have made our cOlLtributions great personal experience. They had to the cause of Christ out of what has known Christ and he had made their been left over from automobile tires, lives pageants of triumph in him.

parties, clothes, cosmetics and chewing Through him they could do all things.

gum. We have forgotten that the Him, therefore, they believed to be cross of Christ can go forward only sufficient for the transformation of upon the sacrifices of his people. God all their fellowmen ….. .

does not want us to do the easy thing; "Wanted, Faith in Something."

he calls on us to do the hard thing. He (Page 158.) does not want the time which we call Our missionary pI'oblems will be spare time; he wants the time which solved when our spiritual problems will really cut into our lives. He does are solved; when you and I live daily not ask us for contributions we can as in the sight of God. Our budgets afford to make; he asks us for con- are bankrupt because there are so tributions which mean a sacrifice when many of us whose spiritual lives are we make them. Just before Walter bankrupt. We count our houses, our Rauschenbusch died, I heard him lec- lands, our cars, our books, our stocks, ture. To facilitate the asking of ques- our bonds. We count everything and tions, inquiries were written upon everybody, but we do not count God.

slips of paper and passed to the plat- (Page 158.) form. The first one read asked, "What When those who count themselves does the church most need today?" His followers. begin to count Him in Like a flash came the answer, "The their own lives, then He will be restoration of the cross." (Page 151.) counted throughout the life of the If you cannot give yourself, the rest world. (Page 159.) does not count. It may be a gift of service in the church or in a mission, QUOTATIONS or it may be a gift of funds, but you , (Various Sources) cannot give really except of yourself. "We can be sure that humanity will Only through such giving can the not let many churches die which serve Kingdom of God go forward. gnat human needs. If it carries out

the program which Jesus made the "Without a large body of independtest of a judgment day, the church in ent and self-respecting farmers, and the wildwood will flourish into that with her city populations demoralized day." (The RuraL BilLion, page 143.) by idleness, vice and luxury, Rome was in a position to fall a prey to the more "As you ride along the highway or vigorous invaders Qf the north."-J. walk across the countryside take M. Gilbert. thought of the man who plows in the field or sells garden truck at the road- GOD, LOW BROODING ON side stand. Consider the food upon your table and discover its price, not THE DEEP in cents but in toil and hardship." (The Rural Billion, page 148.) Prize Song, Music by Laura Baker Long; Words by Harry Webb Farrington "Give a thought to the injustice done to boys and girls who crawl on This music, composed by Mrs. Laura hands and knees in the beet fields Baker Long, of Philadelphia, won the across damp loam and pull weeds with award offered for the most appropriate hands that should fondle a toy." (The tune written by any member of the RuraL Billion, page 148.) methods classes in three Qf the largest summer institutes in the United "Humanize this problem in arith- States. We congratulate the Philadelmetic, if it costs the farmer ninety- phia Interdenominational Institute. four cents to produce a bushel of r a. ……

l1D~- eo… 1')t…… ,…,'( soul 0.- ,let-p, A." ~ive 'rile …. -. ~ wheat which sells for sixty-five cents, GOD, LOW BROODING ON THE DEEP how long will a calic'o dress last the farmer's wife?" (The Rural Billion, God, low brooding on the deep page 148.) Until awakes the earth, The Motto of Benedictine Monks in Hover near my soul asleep the middle ages, "By the power of the And give me holy hirth. Cross and the plow." Cruce et aratro. Spirit, touching bush aflame Happy the man who from ambition freed In lonely desert place, A little field and little garden feed; Grant me courage in Thy name The hardened thrones to face. The field does frugal nature's wants Lightning, from Mount Sinai, stern, supply, Soft-tempered in the shrine, The garden furnishes for luxury, Make the altar coals to burn And daily kindle mine. What farther specious clogs of life re- Dove in air at Jordan's stream, main, Angel in wilderness, He leaves for fools to seek, and knaves Watch beside my cross's beam to gain. -Abraham Cowley. And guide mid hostile press.

"Farming is not only the most an- Mission's Torch, disciple's Tongue, cient, but the best of all profes·sions, In brothers' one accord, for divine nature made the country, but man',s skill the town.-Varro (3d Herald peace, good-will among book on Agriculture.) The nations of our Lord.

FOR OHAPTER IN "CHRIST COMES MY PRAYER TO THE VILLAGES": HE HEALS THE SICK By ELSIE JANIS HYMN God, let me live each lovely day, So I may know that, come what may, (Any long Meter Tune) I've done my best to live the way At even ere the sun was set, You want me to. The sick, 0 Lord, around Thee lay; Forgive me if I do not pray 0, in what divers pains they met! The ultra-sanctimonious way 0, with what joy they went away! In church on every Sabbath day, Once more 'tis eventide, and we As some folks do. Oppressed with various ills, draw near; Just let me know if I should stray, What if Thy form we cannot see? That I may stop along the way We know and feel that Thou art here. At any time of night or day o Saviour Christ, our woes dispel; And talk to you.

For some are sick, and some are sad, A MESSAGE OF FRIENDSHIP AND ApPRE- And some have never loved Thee well; CIATION TO THOSE WHO HAVE MADE USE OF THE METHODS DEPARTMENT And some have lost the love they had; DURING THE PAST THREE YEARS And some are pressed with worldly care; It is with real regret that I have And some are tired with sinful doubt; found it necea-sary to resign from the editorship of this department because And some such grievous passions tear, of the demands of another line of work That only Thou canst cast them out; to which it would seem God has called me. And none, 0 Lord, have perfect rest, And none are wholly free from sin; I wish to thank the hundreds of my readers in England, Wales, Scotland, And they who fain would serve Thee best Australia, Mexico, Korea, Persia, Can- Are conscious most of wrong within. ada, and the United States, who have through these years heartened me o Saviour Christ, Thou too art Man; with their kind letters. My only re- gret is, that I did not serve you better. Thou hast been troubled, tempted, tried; Thy kind but searching glance can scan May the year 1932 be for you a year of great spiritual growth by reason of The very wounds that shame would the indwelling of the Holy Spirit as hide; Guide, Teacher, and Interpreter.

Thy touch has still its ancient power; MRS. F. I. JOHNSON. No word from Thee can fruitless fall; Hear, in this solemn evening hour, And in Thy mercy heal us all.

-Lutheran Common Service Book.

ON THE INDIAN ROAD BY PEARL D. LONGLEY, Markapur, India I love to meet the common folk Who travel the Indian road, Whose feet are dusty, Whose backs are bent Beneath their daily load.

The women who come in the early morn To glean in the harvest fields, Whose hands are gnarled By humble tasks, Such tasks as poverty yields.

The men who work in the fields all day, Whose stride is firm and strong, Who stop for a chat Or a friendly word Nor wish to hurry along. 4

The man with a little tired child Swung on his IIhoulder high, With her chubby hands In his matted hair Who smile as they pass me by.

There are children trooping along to school, There are others who cannot go Whose bodies are thin And bent with toil Whose feet are tired and slow.

At evening, when the sun is low, Bearing their loads of grass, Come friendly women, Who peer at me And talk to me, as I pass.

There are travelers there of every kind Of high estate, and low, Some are gay And some are sad In the highway's ebb and flow.

I sometimes meet a scornful one Whose heart is full of pride, Who passes by With garments drawn, As I step to the other side.

But most of the folk that I meet on the road, Will answer smile for smile With such as these The Master loved To talk and walk the while.

He loved to talk and walk with them, For their hearts were simple and kind, He shared their sorrows And healed their ills, He opened the eyes that were blind.

And so He will meet the simple folk As He travels the Indian road, He will wipe the dust From their weary feet .And lighten their heavy load.

He will enter their homes as in Galilee, Their humble food He will share, And His glory and love Shall shine in those Who truly meet Him there. -Froin The Baptist Missionary Review.

BEST METHODS FOR NEXT YEAR It is with sincere appreciation for her helpful cooperation in supplying "Meth- ods for Workers" for the past three years that we bid God-speed to Mrs. F. 1. John- son as she turns from this department to take up other important responsibilities.

At the same time we welcome most heartily Mrs. Estella S. Aitcheson, of Granville, Ohio, who will supply the "Tested Methods of Work" for the coming year. Mrs.

Aitcheson has had long experience in the promotion of missionary interest in the Church at home. She has been a regular contributor to "Missions" and has a wide acquaintance in many church and missionary circles. We bespeak for Mrs. Aitche- son the hearty cooperation of all. Suggestion, questions and descriptions of methods found useful by pastors and others in promoting miSSionary interest in churches, Sunday-Schools, missionary societies, young peoples' work and in the home, may be sent to Mrs. E. S. Aitcheson, Granville, Ohio. EDITOR.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY HELEN M. BRICKMAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Council of Women for Home Missions FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America THE AIR AND PRAYER in the morning and also took pains to BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON inform everybody that she was a Cath- olic. If radio's slim fingers can pluck a melody from night The day came when she found her- self face to face with the need of de- And toss it o'er a continent or sea; cision. It was not in vain that she If the soft petaled notes of a violin Are blown o'er a mountain or a city's If sodnign~' like fragrant roses are cuIled from thin blue air, Then how can mortals wonder If God hears prayer?

In every llart of the world where the airplane dips its wings and ties up the world to them, you will find on the twelfth of February next earnest groups of women and girls gathered together for the purpose of uniting their hearts in using the very real medium of the air through which to speak to the Great Heavenly Father of us all in behalf of the whole world, especially of its childhood.

Perhaps no two countries are more vitally in the thought of the world today than are Mexico and India. It is from theSe two nations that the World Day of Prayer Committee has chosen the two women to prepare the "Call to Prayer" and the program for the 1932 observance – Sra. Elisa Strozze de Pascoe and Mrs. H. A. Yusufji, before her marriage, Helen Tupper.

Though born in the state of New MRS. H, A. YUSUFJI Mexico, of Swiss and Spanish llarent- age, Mrs. Pascoe's family moved to had throughout her primary and high Mexico when she wa,s five years old. school years listened every morning in She has always considered Mexico as the chapel to the hymns, the Scripture her home and is a Mexican citizen. reading and the short talks of the Her parents were Catholics but they teachers. She began to long for a Bi- sent their children to Protestant ble of her own but feared to ask her schools and from her earliest youth parents for it. She began to pray for she attended Laurens Institute, a mis- one as she heard in chapel the reading sion ,school in Monterey. Her Ameri- of Matthew 21: 22. On her sixteenth can schoolmates invited her to attend birthday she was rejoiced to receive the English Sunday-school. However, the gift of a Bible from four of her she often attended mass at four o'clock teachers. Immediately she turned to 931

the New Testament and underlined the praying for her. The pastor talked t'O verse which had been such an inspira- her 'Of the need 'Of a definite acceptance tion tG her. She spent much time with 'Of Christ as her pers'Onal Savi'Our. She her Bible (which she still keeps), but had read many bGQks on salvation at the same time she had many Cath- thrQugh faith so that bef'Ore the serv- Glic friends who were trying to per- ice was 'Over GGd deeply convicted her suade her not to attend a PrGtestant 'Of sin, and suddenly the light of the church. The climax came two years kn'Owledge of Christ as her persQnal later. It was Holy Week, and 'One who SaviGur filled her life with JQY. "Old has spent Holy Week in a CathQlic things passed away, all things became cQuntry cannQt fail to be impressed new."

BRA. ELISA STROZZE DE PASCOE Two years later she entered the Training SchoGI in Nashville, Tenneswith the varied ceremGnies and the see, where she completed the prenumberless pilgrimages tQ the many scribed course of study in the Biblical shrines. GGod Friday f'Ound her in Department. At the same time rothe Cathedral with tWG fanatical mance made its appearance. A young friends. They listened t'O the priest preacher from Mexico, whom she had as he spGke on the Seven Last Words. never seen in her cGuntry, came to The sermGn made a deep impressi'On Nashville to enter Vanderbilt Uni- 'On her young soul, and at the end of versity. As they were the 'Only Mexthe service all present were invited tG ican students they s'Oon met and consecrate their lives to God by sign- naturally had to practice their beauing their names in an immense book tiful Spanish language. kept in the adj'Oining chapel. After graduating she worked f'Or At the same time revival services tW'O years in HGlding Institute. By were being held in the Methodist that time Mr. Pascoe finished his the- Church and all 'Of her friends were alagical caurse and they were married in 1916, returning at 'Once to Mexico City as a pastGr. In September, 1930, when the two Methadisms were united, Mr. PascQe became the first bishGp.

Last year Mrs. Pascae was elected President .of the UniGn Nacianal de Saciedades Femeniles Cristianas (an interdenGminati'Onal uniGn 'Of seven de- naminatians: Presbyterian, Disciples, Friends, Pilgrims, Nazarene, CGngre- gati'Onal, and Methodist). The special work 'Of the Union is the publication 'Of a paper, Antorcha MisiGnera which circulates in Cuba, Puerto Ric'O, Co- lGmbia, Argentina, among Spanish- speaking peGple in the United States and in Mexico.

Is it n'Ow strange to you that Mrs. Pascoe, one mighty in prayer and works, should have been asked t'O pre- pare the world "Call to Prayer"? May the air be filled with prayer 'On Febru- ary 12, 1932.

If y'OU had been in Whittier Hall of C'Olumbia University during 1929 and 1930, Y'OU W'Ould have seen passing in and Gut in quest 'Of her M. A. a beauti-

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN •

ful young Indian woman from Luck- slightly, to provide accompaniment for now. It is she, now Mrs. Yusufji, to several young women who enter in whom we are indebted for the program costume, representing participants in for February 12. the prayer service from mission fields abroad and at home. These take places For some time Mrs. Yusufji was a quietly in seats near the platform and member of the faculty of Isabella Tho- become part of the worshiping group. burn College. Her marriage to Doctor After the verse by Alfred Tennyson Yusufji, a graduate of Princeton, (page 4), these visitors may enact a takes her to Jubbulpore where they scene purporting to be a recital of will work in the Theological Seminary. their experiences in observing last Her specific field is to be the wives and year's World Day of Prayer in their children of the preachers, the end in several home centers. Where costumes view being the preparation of conse- are not available or desired women imcrated Christians who will devote their personating missionaries may speak lives to the service of their country. briefiy.* Mrs. YUl§nfji writes: "I hope that The presiding officer introduce-s the this program will help prayer to mean narration by saying: to many other young women what it means to me. I have not had an easy "How often we sing that ancient life; it has been the prayer of faith hymn with its prophecy that that has strengthened me at every turn." Jesus shall reign where'er the sun Does His successive journeys run! These two women, one from agetorn Mexico, the other from storm- To Him shall endless prayer be made tossed India, see but one hope for the And endless praises crown His head. world-it is in Him who taught us to say, "Our Father." but have we realized h.ow literally it is being fulfilled, and how by our united ADAPTATIONS OF THE WORLD efforts .on this sacred day we are ac- tually encil'cling the earth with our DAY OF PRAYER PROGRA,M prayers?

iE'OR YOUNG PEOPLE'S GROUPS As o'er each continent and island The dawn leads on another day, BY BERNICE HALL LEGG The voice of prayer is never ended, Lowered lights at the beginning, Nor die the strains of praise away! quiet music, preferably the playing of hymns which direct the thought to "A world at prayer! What an upprayer, and above all, an attitude of lifting thought! We are not just 'two reverent expectancy on the part of or three,' we are a multitude. And not those who have the meeting in charge, for one brief hour do our voices ascend inevitably communicating itself to the to the Father, but from sunrise in gathering group, will create the at- New Zealand to sunset in Honolulu, mosphere of worship. for forty hours, the prayers of devoted women arise to the throne. The program, "H{)ld Fast in Prayer" is so widely appealing in its "Shall we listen while some of our spirit and content, that young women's friends teIl us of their part in this groups everywhere may use it with offering of praise and thanksgiving?" profit. The interpolation of some dramatic features, while desirable, should Japan: The sun had scarcely turned not be over-emphasized, or so pro- to gold our snow-capped Fujiyama, when longed as to break the unity of the throughout all the villages and cities of original plan. my country we gathered for prayer and the singing of hymns. Our missionary During the Lord's Prayer (page 3) teachers told us that it would be so have the hymn, "Jesus Shall Reign," everywhere that day, and we felt that played very softly. At the close of the prayer, increase volume of music * 'l'he materinl for th('se sketches was gath- ered by Miss B'}orence G. 'l'yler.

we were touching hands with other be- ing. South America, the Indies, Mexico lievers across all seas and lands. and Canada had their part. In Alaska a group of native women met, prayed and Korea: In Korea, a whole day seemed contributed twenty-nve dollars for the not too long to spend in prayer. I am specified world-wide projects; and so, on but one of many Bible women who gath- and on, to Honolulu, verily a volume of ered together from all over our District. prayer encircling the earth. Girls from the Bible Institute came, and even younger ones from the night school, American speaker concludes with all uniting eagerly in song and in prayer bowed head: for the Lord's work. We thank Thee that Thy Church un- China: The Day of Prayer means sleeping, much to us in China. We, too, made it a day of joyful fellowship and worship. While earth rolls onward into light, Many came at an early hour, bringing Through all the world her watch is their babies, and in some of the villages it has become the custom for our men to keeping, prepare the meals at the church so that And rests not now, by day or night. it may be a day of family prayer for all. Solo: "Spirit of God Descend Upon My India: Under the banyan trees, in the Heart" (page 5). Use first two and last tamarind groves, in chapels and in the verses. great churches, the women of India assemble reverently and eagerly for the Following this solo, the leader may observance of this holy day. Many wear announce a period of ,silent prayer, their wedding garments in token of the followed by prayers, voluntary or preimportance of the event – this one day viously assigned, covering special of the year when they are one with the needs listed upon page 8. Conclude Christian women of the world as they with the united prayer (page 7) which pray for the spread of His Kingdom. precedes the offering, and follow the regular program to the close. (The solo, "In the Secret of His The success of the offering will be Presence," page 4, may be sung here.) greatly enhanced if individual socie- ties will procure the very attractive Africa: (This part should be taken by leaflets which have been prepared by one representing a missionary.) My be- the Council of Women for Home Misloved black Africa is not outside your sions and the Federation of Woman's charmed circle. At the beat of the drum Boards 'Of Foreign Missions. Use the women leave their work in the fields these leaflets in the meeting preceding and huts and hasten to the appointed the World Day of Prayer, February place, sometimes as many as fifty in one 12, 1932, and appoint four yaung wamgroup. From miles around they come, en to present the projects dramaticaland when they go home, they separate, ly or as best suits the local organizavisiting other homes, praying and tes- tion. tifying as they go, till the whole district feels the influence of the meeting. TOGETHER Europe: (Another person in European Thou hast on earth a Trinitydress speaks.) We of the American Thyself, my fellow-man, and me: Church in Rome held our own prayer When one with him, then one with thee; service and. felt deeply grateful for the Nor, save together, thine are we. spiritual fellowship which is the heritage of the Christian everywhere. The Prot- -John Banister Tabb, estant women of Paris observed the day Quoted in "Christ in the also, and we know that other groups met in parts of Holland, Denmark, Ger- Poetry of Today." many and Wales. DISARMAMENT America: (One person may give briefly items from several centers.) BY CARRIE CHAPMAN CATT From our largest cities and the remotest borders of our land come messages from It is said that every controversy has those who have united in prayer for our two sides. Naturally, there can be great cause. Radio carried the program only one right side, and after much over eighteen stations, the printed page lengthy talk concerning every new profound its way not only to crowds as- posal, the world come·s to agreement sembled in houses of worship, but to the as to which the right side is. At preshomes of shut-ins who could thus participate with the world group. In our southern mountains families walked miles over unspeakable roads to attend a meet-

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

ent the controversy concerning the 3. If a nation enters a war upon the question of disarmament is in prog- pretense of self-defense, an invest!ga.tio.D ress. Shall the world disarm or not into its motives will follow, and If It IS disarm? proved that self-defense was not the real motive, it will DOt only receive the pen- It happens that there are Americans alty of an aggressor nation, but an adwho propagate for a big navy. "The ditional loss of confidence which always biggest navy in the world would be attends a perjury will be its fate. mOISt appropriate for us," they say. "The swiftest of all airplanes and sub- Consider for a moment the result of marines' the poisonous gasses we the Great War: should have. The most destructive guns, together with all the latest ~e­ COST IN MEN 10,878,000 velopment of each type of war eqUlp- 20,000,000 ment should be ourH." The reason Dead ……………….. . urged is that a surprise attack may Wounded ……………. . 9,000,000 be made upon us at any time in which War Orphans ………… . 5,000,000 case we will need for self-defense a War Widows ………… . 10,000,000 complete war preparation. That may Refugees …….•••……. sound logical to those who have no further information. Debts weighing each nation down to the verge of bankruptcy produce a The truth is, however, that since problem never before known. "It will the Great War a peace machinery for require," says Philip Snowden, Chanthe self-defense of all nations has been ceUor of the British Exchequer, "sevcarefully erected. There is a League enty-six million days of labor each day of Nations with most of the chief na- by British workmen for the next sixty tions of the world in its membership. years to produce the means to pay Each nation member has obligated it- America alone." Said John Maynard self not to go to war and to settle any Keynes, "We shall be paying the Unitdisputes arising between any other ed States each year for sixty years a nation and itself by peaceful means. sum equivalent to two-thirds the cost There is a World Court to which na- of our navy, nearly equal to the total tions may submit many questions to expenditure on educaUon, more than the wisest and most distinguished the total burden of our pre-war debt, judges in the world. Dozens of trea- more than the total profit of our merties have bound groups of nations to cantile marine and the whole of our submit any controversy to arbitration. mines together." Lastly, the Briand-Kellogg Pact has obligated most of the nations of the The United States, being more forworld to renounce war and to settle tunately placed than most nations, all their international disputes by loaned to European nations at differpeaceful processes. With a determina- ent times and in different forms to tion by all the nations not to join in meet expenses of the war $10,338,000,- wars, what need is there £or great war 000. preparation? The war was followed by a universal From this situation three curious depression in busines·s, an enormous facts confront us. unemployment, the prevalence of dis- eases spread by means of the war, un- 1. No nation can now go to war, ll;n- speakable crime, unrest, and many less attacked, without dishonorably VIO- other forms of human misery. lating one or more solemn agreements never to go to war. Which side are you on? The reduc- tion and limitation of war equipment 2. If a chief nation should violate one and the establishment of peace, or the or more of these sacred pledges, it will continuation of war with all its horforfeit its honorable status among the rors? Is war civilized? Can the nations and be called by the opprobrious world -afford it? Could n~t civilized term of aggressor. The penalty may be people abolish it? Could not sensi~le heavy. nations spend the money they recelve from the taxes of the people in ways

to produce more comfort, happiness, A CALL and progr.ess? The call to the Seventh National If you wish to bring the world over Conference on the Cause and Cure of War has been issued by Mrs. Carto the right side of this controversy, rie Chapman Catt. Delegates from help us to carry to Geneva the largest eleven women's national organizations and most impressive demonstration of will meet in Washington, D. C., Januthe sentiment of this country. ary 18-21, 1932, to consider those prob- lems "which handicap the progress of The Federation of Woman's Boards the coming substitution of peace for of Foreign Missiuns of North Ameri- war." ca, and the Council of Women for Home Missions are members of the Such distinguished authorities as National Committee on the Cause and James G. McDonald, Dr. James Shot- Cure of War. That Committee, well, Dr. D. F. Fleming, Will Irwin, through its federated organizations, and Mrs. Catt are on the program. is circulating a petition to the Inter- Round tables, luncheon discussions, national Disarmament Conference, and questions and answers, and convention we beg you to secure blanks of this discussions offer variety to the sespetition from the above offices. Cir- sions. Rachel Conrad Nason who was culate them among your own and any chosen last year by the National Comother organizations, groups of Ameri- mittee on the Cause and Cure of War can citizens, schools, churches, clubs, to conduct a thorough investigation of societies, and send them in to be added the Polish corridor has been at work to the great petition when it goes to upon her task for several months and Geneva on January 1, 1932. will report her finding·s to the Con- ference. Our petiUon says: "Clearly, the next step is the bold reduction of every The Federation of Woman's Boards variety of armament. To do less than of Foreign Missions and Council of this would violate treaty obligations, Women for Home Missions consider it awaken suspicion and incite fresh war most important that church women be adequately represented at this Contalk." ference. Either organization will be glad to supply detailed inf.ormation. Already the women of England have secured over 1,000,000 signatures to WAR their petition, and in Holland, where the petition has been circulated by the Waste of muscle, waste of brain, United Press, the signatures to their Waste of patience, waste of pain, petition have reached over 2,500,000. Waste of manhood, waste of health, We must be up and doing if this great Waste of beauty, waste of wealth, United States of America is to keep Waste of blood, waste of tears, pace with the rest of the world. Waste of youth's most precious years, Waste of ways the Saints have trod, Sixty nations of the world are to- Waste of glory, waste of God. gether ·spending annually over $4,000,- 000,000 in preparation for "the next War! war," which should never come. Why -G. Studdert-Kennedy. not save the money f,or better use and avoid the inevitable catastrophes THE GOAL which are the price of war? Brave military men have been immortalized There can be no final goal for huas the world's greatest heroes. A new man institutions; the best are those type of hero must now come forward that most encourage progress toward -the hero who will lead the way to others still better. Without effort and demilitarize society. In this day and change, human life cannot remain generation it will be done. Join hands good. It is not a finished Utopia that with those who want a civilized world we ought to desire, but a world where of peace. imagination and hope are alive and active.-Russell.

AMERICA tribe of 208,000 Othomi Indians

Mexico in the League of Nations adjoins the great Mexicano tribe. This year an opening has thus been WHEN Mexico entered the League made to reach between 750,000 and of Nations, it was, says the New 1,000,000 Indians, a far larger num- York Times, with a reservation in re- ber than in any previous year. They are rwt evangelized, and have not an gard to the Monroe Doctrine. Porfirio adequate number of workers, since there are but three workers to one tribe Diaz who had reason to remember the of 227,000 Indians, and in the other tribe one worker, with four in traingood' offices of the United States in the ing, for a half milHon. For the first time in Mexica'ru history, definite and matter of the French occupation, was aggressive work has been undertaken for these larger tribes. friendly to the Doctrine, though he b"ethSeuDbs0tI7– subsequently proposed tha t trine of America" should tuted, each republic proclaiming that an attack by a foreign power upon the independence or territory of one would be considered an attack upon Strategy in Belize the rest. The reservation of the Monroe Doctrine drew from Carranza a T HE capital of British Honduras declaration to the governments repre- recently emerged from the obsented in Paris that "Mexico had not scurity in which Lindbergh left it to recognized and would not recognize stretch itself across our newspaper this doctrine, because, without the con- headlines. Normally, Belize is Qne of sent of all the people of America, it the quietest places mentioned in the would establish a situation regarding geography, being the port of entry for which they had not been consulted; the least developed section of the therefore, this doctrine attacks the North American continent. sovereignty and independence of Mexico and would set up and establish a Before the hurricane in British tutelage over all the nations of Amer- Honduras, the chief landmark of the ica." The Monroe Doctrine, according town of Belize was a Catholic missionto Mr. Elihu Root, is ba,sed upon "the ary institution, St. John's CQlIege. right of self-protection recognized by Although the peoples of the Central international law." American countries are largely Cath- olic, the governments are frequently anti-clerical. Catholic schools are sub- Work for Mexican Indians ject to political supervision, and t~eir properties are exposed to confiscatlOn. UNDER the Presbyterian ~hurch in Therefore the RQman Church has Mexico, three wel1-tramed men placed its one large school in all Cen- have taken up work among the 227,000 tral America under the protection of Maya Indians. A house, ponies and the British flag at Belize. Students saddles are a part of the equipment. are recruited from the surrounding A mission has also been opened for republics. The school is in charge of 517,000 Mexicano Indians, the second a group of Jesuits who have their largest Indian tribe in the three Amer- headquarters in St. Louis. After the icas. younger members of the Society of The Latin American Prayer Fellow- Jesus have completed their college ship is making contacts with the large training they are sent out to Belize 937

to teach for a term of years, and then bers, not counting the 350,000 membrought back to the United States to bers of the German Lutheran Church study theology. The recent storm ap- in the southern ·states. parently caused the destruction of the college buildings, which were on the The lJr~sent population of Brazil is water front, and the death of many over forty miIliO'll. This means that of the students and faculty as school thirty-nine million are non-Evanwas in session. – The. Congregation- gelical; thousands of cities and towns alist. are untouched by the Gospel; the vast interior, with over 1,000,000 Indians, Trained Leaders for Porto Rico is practically untouched. No wonder the Brazilian Christians call for more MISS ETHEL ROBINSON, head of evangelical preachers and teachers. St. Catherine's Training School for Church Workers in Santurce, EUROPE Porto Rico, emphasizes the necessity of proper training for missionaries. British Bureau for Information "A college course is not enough," she said, "but should be supplemented by THE Standing Committee of the special training. The object of Amer- British Foreign Missions Conferican missionaries going overseas is to ence has been able tu arrange with give the best there is in them for the the Senatus of the Selly Oak group of training and development of native colleges to undertake to conduct a burleaders who will train their own peo- eau of informaHon for outgoing misple to carryon the work. Brazil, sionaries and missionaries on fur- Haiti, Mexico and Porto Rico train lough. It is hoped that the new bureau their own clergy. Porto Rico has in will be able to render great service in St. Catherine's School a means of dealing with the inquiries which come training its women leaders, numbers from missionaries from time to time, of whom have already done splendid regarding facilities for extra courses work. Latin-America·n countries are ,of study. It will keep in touch with more and more demanding self-gov- college and other centres where inernment in all their activities which struction can be obtained, and it is increases the urgency for developing proposed to compile and keep up to native leaders for the church's work." date suitable bibliographies. The bu- reau will also maintain contact with The Call of Brazil the missionary training institutions in Great Britain and on the Continent, BRAZIL needs more missionaries, as well as such organizations as the especially in the Amazon valley Student Christian Movement. The and the table-lands of central Brazil. secretary of the new bureau is Mr. The vast hinterland, now sIirinking in J. C. Kydd, Rendel Harris Library, size because of the new motur roads, Griffin's Hill, Selly Oak, Birmingham. demands an active missionary campaign," says the Rev. Erasmo Braga, Disarm.ament Declaration D.D., an outstanding Brazilian educational and religious leader. MORE than 1,250,000 British peo- ple have signed the International There are now twenty-three Protes- Declaration in support of world distant Missionary Societies with about armament. This declaration is being five hundred missionaries (including signed in forty other countries, and all wives) at work in some eighty resi- the signatures will ultimately be predence stations in Brazil. The native sented to the world Disarmament Con- Christian staff numbers 713, of whom ference in Geneva next February. 250 are ordained men. The Evan- House-to-house canvassing is being gelicals have 750 organized churches successfully undertaken and stalls with with over 122,000 communicant mem- forms for signi'ng have been set up in the market squares of many towns.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Spain Disestablishes the Church oration was started five years ago by T HE extension of the franchise to the Y. M. C. A. at Athens and grew women in Spain has been followed by the rejection of Roman Catholicism so popular that after two years the as a state religion, by a vote of 267 to 41 in the National Assembly. Spain Greek church took it over. has for centuries been the most solidly Catholic of the large European na- Distress in RUlsia tions, and the king of Spain has borne the title of "The Most Catholic King." HENRY WALES, of the Chicago· The combined resources of State and . Tribune, recently traveled 12,000 Church have made it almost impossible for any dissenting body to carry on miles across Russia, north to south and religious propaganda. Protestant worship could be c(jnducted only in build- east to west. He spent forty nights ings which had no architectural resemblance to churches and which had in railway trains, traveling alone so no entrances from main streets. If it Protestant school was opened, it was that he might not be "personally consoon surrounded with Catholic schools. Protestant ministers could not per- ducted" like a "spoonfed tourist." He form marriage ceremonies. visited the Kulak concentration camp It was easier to prevent the people from becoming Protestants than to at Archangel, of whicf: he says: compel them to remain Roman Catholics. The proportion of the National The dreadful Kulak concentration Assembly that voted to displace Roman camp is carefully concealed in Kuzni Catholicism as the State church is a Chika Church, although the authorities little more than six to one. Catholi- had assured me that the nearest exiles cism is no longer the religion of the were at Mezen, twelve days' sledge travel people so that there is no reason why away. it should continue to be the religion of the State. The Catholic Church At Rostov, Kharkov, Stalingrad and will no longer enjoy a monopoly or other places I inspected huge new facexercise a dominant infl.uence upon the tories, units in the vaunted Five-Year political and cultural life of the coun- Plan, and witnessed the lamentable intry, but there is also danger that a ability of the Russians to obtain -producmajority of the Spanish people will tion. become less and less religious unless the evangelical church wins them to Through the southern districts I saw vital religion. the horde of tramps, bums and child waifs, homeless men and boys, thousands Greece ComDlemorates Paul's Address of them only 11 and 12 years old, and a few girls, on their annual migration from T HE twenty-ninth of June is now the warmth of the south to the north. observed in Athens by a six o'clock Barefooted, ragged, hlack and filthy, with evening meeting commemorating the long, matted hair and beards, covered preaching by the Apostle Paul in the with vermin, polluting the atmosphere Areopagus. The Archbishop of Athens with the stench of their unwashed bodies, and of all Greece presides over this drawn, haggard, gaunt and famishing, ~athering of five thousand worshipers. they walked the streets, fightlng with the There is choral music and the reading dogs and the crows for a morsel of carby another bishop of Paul's Athenian rion, or sitting day and night in the railsermon and of the thirteenth chapter way stations, furtively waiting for an of First Corinthians. This commem- opportunity to rifle the pockets of a drunken peasant or stowaway in a train when the lynx-eyed G. P. U. cop was not looking.

In the Ukraine and the North Cau- casus I visited collective farms and saw conditions so terrihle that even local Communist leaders are exhorting Moscow to ease the pressure sufficiently on ex- porting grain to give the miserahle peaS- ants wheat and oats and hay for them- selves and their livestock.

I visited in the peasants' mud huts without windows, and noted their listless- ness, brought on partly through lack of adequate food, partly hy their fatalistic avatism, their fear that they, too, may he shifted off elsewhere as "colonists" any night.

Thousands and thousands of these peasants in their hunger and misery and

weakness have res'Orted t'O "passive re- St. Augustine's followers were supersistance." They do not cult~vat'}. their ficially Islamized, but are now being lands, they plead illness and mablhty to educated and developed by France. work in the fields when the 'Overseer sum- The Southern Morocco Mission is mons them. reaching the Berbers of the Atlas mountains in the Sous, Agadir and In Siberia I saw trainloads 'Of exiles Tarudant; the Bible Churchmen's being dropped off with 9;1l their bel'Ong- Missionary Society plans advance ings, men, women a~~ children, comm'On- from Marakesh to reach the Berbers law pris'Oners, l?'OhtlCal offenders al!-d of the Tadla district in the Middle Kulaks, t'O colomze vast new areas m Atlas; and the Algiers Mission Band this barren region. is evangelizing by motor car the Saharan Oases and Arab markets. Swiss Missions The North Africa Mission reports blessing at all stations. The wide cir- SWISS (French speaking) Protes- culation of Scriptures across North tants since the War have combined Africa gives rise to hope, especially into the Mission Suisse, formerly the in Morocco. old Mission Suisse Romande. Their work is in South Africa and for a The results of the Christian work number of years there has been a in these areas is provoking violent atstaggering deficit. Friends made tacks by Moslems. heroic efforts from year to year to pay this, but without success. This year New Venture in Cairo at the annual meeting there was much rejoicing and thanksgiving due to the I N CAIRO, a club for girls has refact that at last a year had been cently been opened by missi'Onaries closed without deficit but it has again of the Church Missionary S'Ociety in become necessary to borrow money to co'Operation with tw'O other religious carry on! organizations. This new experiment am'Ong girls between six and fourteen The Danish Missions is 'Open every afternoon. Its cur- riculum includes reading, writing, T HIS society carries on work in arithmetic, handwork, sewing and India and China. Recently a fine games. The teaching is given by two hospital for women was opened in Egyptian Christian women who are Mukden, having on its staff a number also helped by English and Egyptian of Chinese women physicians. The voluntary workers, and the numbers India work has been encouraging, the attending already are a source of enlatest development being the accept- couragement to the 'Organizers. ance of the J eypore Mission. This work was a part of the work of the Communion in West Africa Breklum Mission that had been cared for during the War by the United STEADY streams of men and wom- Lutheran Church. The Breklum So- en, boys and girls, walk along the ciety found itself unable to assume paths that lead to the Mission Hill at the burden of the whole field and a Efulan (West Africa). They have group of friends of two missionaries been travelling for several days; the of Danish nationality formed the East women and girls carrying babies Jeypore Mission. This group made astride 'one hip, or seated in a sort of 'overtures to the Danish Mission So- sling made from skins. In the houses ciety, which unanimously decided to on the hill-workman's town, teachers' assume the responsibility. town, everywhere-there is an unusual stir. Guests are being entertained AFRICA over the week-end.

Evangelizing Isla:m Many have come a distance of twenty miles, for those who have suc- WILL Christianity regain lost cessfully answered the questi'Ons put ground among the Berbers of North Africa? The descendants of

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to them by the church session, who ~ want ~o present the urgent need of have regularly contributed to the thIS SwedIsh Evangelical Mission for church, and who have led lives as real prayers. The Colonial Government of pe.sons of God, will be admitted to Eritrea, in agreement with the Central full church membership and sit down Government in Rome, for some years at the communion table in remem- has placed grave obstacles in the way brance of the Lord Jesus. On Sunday of the return of Swedish missionaries to morning over 2,000 people gather in Eritrea, because we are foreign and the House of God to hear His word. Prote~tant. They have greatly restricted So the Efulan church is growing. It our lIberty to work and it now seems has recently taken over a "foreign that they desire to forbid our entrance mission field" far to the north, and into the Colony. They have denied perseveral young men have gone there to mission to disembark at Massaua two p each the Gospel of Christ.-Mary E. new men missionaries and three ladies Hunter. who had licenses. One of these ladies was the headmistress of the school for Helping Egypt's Farmers Moslem girls at Gheleb, and without her it will be necessary to close the school. AN INTERESTING phase of Assiut ~efor~ 1914 we had about thirty mis- College work is the agricultural sIOnarIes; now the Government action department, still in its infancy. Mr. has reduced us to nine, of whom three M. C. McFeeters is experimenting are in serious need of going home for with vegetable, fruit and cotton grow- health reasons. ing, and with chickens and dairying, although he is greatly handicapped by From Despair to Joy a lack of any definite appropriation. He is convinced that dairying holds T~E inspecto: of the Rhenish Misthe most promise. Cotton, which has SIOn, speakmg of the work in been for years the cash crop of Egypt, Niassa, says that the first time of is not as profitable as formerly, and despair in this work was the time beis an extremely speculative crop. The fore the awakening, viz., 1915. The department aims not only to train missionaries were despairing because practical farmers, but to afford stu- they could see no results of their work dents who are prospective preachers among these people. On the field it and teachers a knowledge of the basic "":as a case of desperate struggle, of industry of the country, and an under- Sighs and prayers to God, and at home standing sympathy with the Egyptian a matter of much blame and censure. farmer and his problems.-Woman'8 The Christians, though outwardly well Mi88ionary Magazine. organized, did not seem to have been touched inwardly. Their thought Pray for Eritrea world was still incorrigibly animistic. The Christian teaching was regarded PASTOR J. IWARSON, of Eritrea, by them only as a new custom or law. reports: The missionaries' prayer!! ascended Work for the Moslems of Eritrea is constantly to the thl'one of God for a in the schools of the station of Gheleb real awakening. It came and the new among the Mensa, where we have thirty period began with 1916. A nation Moslem boy pupils and twenty Moslem awoke to God! When the light broke girl pupils. More than twenty have been in on them, God had a man ready. baptized in the course of the year. The He was a faithful Christian, Hoemene New Testament in Tigre, just now com- by name, who although previously in pleted, will be of great importance. In earnest, was not a truly converted the interior of Ethiopia the mission has soul. Suddenly he heard the words had an evangelist among the converted "Lost, condemned, sentenced to death.': Moslems of Socota, and work among them In this extremity he went to his misseems progressing well. In Tigrai, sev- sionary and was led to Chri!!t. His eral Moslems are advancing towards example brought others and the Christ, among them is a young and in- thronging to the house of the missiontelligent sheikh. ary became so great that he despaired of his strength. People besieged his

home fifty to a hundred at a time! ceedingly hostile. Now they are be- The time of despair became a time of ·seeching the mission for teachers. salvation. The door of a new movement toward Christianity is thus opened. The church of Niassa is at present in the third such period. The 15,000 Missions in South Africa Christians ()f the period before the War have grown to 70,000, with 20,000 WE HAVE by general consent a more inquiring. The 15 missionaries magnificent opportunity in the of that period had to be reduced to 10 mine compounds. Yet I am assured and of these only 9 are available for on all hands that ma:ny of these evangelistic work. Now the mission heathen natives are already Gospelis facing the pr.oblems of a forming hardened. They are so accustomed on church, education, literature, the re- Sunday or in the evenings to seeing visi{)n of the translation of the New and hearing half a dozen competing Testament, the education of pastors evangelists that they ignore the lot. and teachers and the raising up of leaders. The report says, "We are so And while all this overlapping and few in numbers, so weak in resources, rivalry are gving on we ignore the that it is a time of despair in our- startling fact that there are more selves. We look to God. When will heathen in South Africa today than our salvatiQn come 7" there were thirty years ago. Too often you see side by side half a dozen mean Change in the Leipzig Mission churches engaged in an unholy rivalry.

NOTWITHSTANDING its r e – I ask all who love our Lord ro consider stricted income the Leipzig Mission is compelled to extend its work how this must grieve Him as He into the plains and thus alter the pleads for us that we may be one, character. Up to the present its and to join earnestly in His great African work has been mostly in the prayer. So much progress has been hill country of the Kilimanjaro region, made in the last few years that we with two centers in the plains: New have grounds for hope. Let us pray Moshi and Arusha. It appears, how- in faith that the Holy Spirit may ever, that the population of the up- bring us to repentance for whatever lands is not likely to grow much and sins of ours-scorn, suspicio·n, ecclein view of the millIons with which this siastical snobbery, faint-heartedness society is dealing in India the few -have contributed to the present dismountain people seem too few, espe- union and that He may show us God's cially when the population of the plains is growing by leaps and bounds. will.-THE BISHOP OF JOHANNESBURG The two stations mentioned are growing rapidly into cities and the fear is in the South African Outlook. entertained that Islam may spread into these regions. If that were to WESTERN ASIA happen, the stations would be cut off from all contact with each other and With a Movie Outfit the native Christians as well as the missionaries are urging the extension PAUL NILSON, a missionary of the of the work in the plains. American Board, travels into the country districts of Turkey with a Last year several stations were movie outfit. Seven days on the road; opened in the plains and now it is con- seven educational movie shows in six templated to open two more: Nava- different Turkish towns; attendance vera and Engaruka. The work among averaging three hundred per night; the Masai is growing rapidly, which audiences include leaders, such as is all the more gratifying since these teachers, officers, merchants, as well as people only a few years ago were ex- men and boys, many of whom had never before seen a movie.

In the first town of mud houses, half a day's notice through the schools and shops gathered three hundred men and boys. At the end of the trip,

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the Turkish teacher said: "We Turks wards, not only with the doctor and will not do any work like this unless nurses, but also with all who have we get paid for it. We must learn to ministered to Him and in His name.- sacrifice." ALICE BARBER, in The Syria News Quarterly. Jesus in the Wards Seventy Years of Orphanage Work I NCIDENTS in the Kennedy Me- morial Hospital in a report from I N 1860 during persecutions of Chris- Alice S. Barber: tians by the Druses, thousands of ChrIstians were put to death imd more "Cheer me with your book," said a than 20,000 widows and orphans Moslem woman beside whom I was roamed in destitution over the Lebsitting, pointing to my Bible; and so a'non mountains. At that time the the story of the brazen serpent was grandfather of the present director, read with the statement: "For as Ludwig Schneller, journeyed from Moses lifted up the serpent in the Jerusalem to Beirut and gathered the wilderness, even so must the Son of first nock of orphans in Syria and Man be lifted up," and why. brought them to Jerusalem. He be- gan to shelter them in his own house A favorite chapter with the women and, in spite of the limited accommodaof the ward is Luke 15, for the de- tions, he cared for 30 children. scriptions fit into their own lives. When passing from bedside to bedside His son now writes: "How wonderwith friendly greetings a:nd inquiries, fully the hand of God ruled over this the invitation frequently com e s : house! It has gone through great "Tafuddali, sit down." So the white periods of stresR that threatened its bench which fits under the bedstead is very existence. Once there was such pulled out between the two beds, whose a financial stress that it seemed the occupants are often joined by one or doors would have to be closed. Once more of those able to walk around, and there was a great conflagration which the Book is opened. Occasionally a consumed everything that had been particular selection is called for, as: built up in 50 years. Then came the "Now read me about the Sower.'" World War during which the orphan- age was taken away from us and man- To the tiny children picture books aged for three years by strangers. bring much pleasure. "Our Farm But the Lord has delivered us and has Friends," "Our Zoo Friends," the carried us over as on eagles' wings." books of birds and automobiles, bring a look of eager interest to many a Today there stands the "Schneller pale face. District" composed of more than forty buildings, orphanages for boys and One white lipped youngster, ill with girls, schools, day nurseries, home for typhoid fever, looked up to inquire: apprentices, home for the blind, pre- "What wonderful thing have you to paratory school, seminary, a home for show today?" "Pictures, pictures," boys learning trades and parish was his daily plea, and the brightly houses. There is also a great induscolored lesson leaves were brought t.o trial building where the boys learn all him, and he knew their stories almost sorts of trades. The institutions have without exception. He had learned an agricultural colony in Bir Salem, about David and Jonathan and Moses with the Philistian orphanage, a small when he attended a Christian Bible orphanage in Nazareth and an agri- School. cultural station in Cheeme. At present 370 children are being educated in the The patients are always told that a institutions, together with 43 apservice is held every morning where prentices and 30 tradesmen in the prayer is offered that God might give various trades. The fame of the inthe doctor skill and bless his efforts to make them well. Thus "the Divine Healer of Gennesaret" has walked the

stitutions is so great that last year representing the Roman Catholic, alone over 450 applications had to be Syrian and Protestant groups, re- refused. cently signed the following statemen11: "For the preservation of our rights Island of Socotra and culture we do not ask for any SOCOTRA is under the protection special safeguards. We rely upon our of Great Britain and contains 1,382 own inherent abilities, strength and square miles with a population of public spirit, and upon the sense of about 12,000. They are a mixed race justice and good will of our sister comof Arab'S with a strain of African munities." blood. They speak Arabic. There are no missionaries on the island and we In regard to religious liberty they have no record to show when it was make the following statement: last visited by Christians. Probably one of the colporters of the British "We are in general agreement with and Foreign Bible Society visited it the fundame'ntal rights drawn up by in recent years. S.ocotra was formerly the National Congress. The right of a Christian island but at the end of religious liberty implies the right to the seventeen century was taken over share with others our religious conby Moslems. victions and experience. We can think of no effective freedom of conscience without the right to preach our faith openly and freely. To us, as to you, Persian Rugs and Hutnan Life the use of corrupt and unfair meth- ods of conversion is distasteful. We K ERMAN is one of the centers of condemn them wholeheartedly. . . . the Persian rug industry. About We hold that the permeation of Chris- 3,000 women and girls work as weavers tian ideals of life and society will but in this town alone, 9 hours a day in enrich the culture and civilization of summer and 11 hours in winter. The our country. Good Christians are ever majority of these weavers are poor, g.ood citizens a'nd we believe that India undergrown creatures with crippled will never have cause to regret the lega. Before the girls are 7 years old, growth of the Christian Church." they are apprenticed by their parents.

For the five years .of apprenticeship Methodist Anniversary the parents receive about $20.00, and later $30.00 to $40.00 a year. THE se.venty-fift~ a~niversary of the foundmg of mISSIOnary work in The girls themselves receive no India by the Methodist Episcopal wages. They sit on narrow planks, Church will be celebrated this coming without support for their backs, and winter throughout the churches of this causes deformity. Most of them India and Burma. A son of one of the are married later in life and the birth earliest missionaries, Bish.oP Brenton of a child involves great danger to Thoburn Badley, is chairman of the about 75% of them. One woman doctor Jubilee Commission. Three special of the Church Missionary Society lives dates will be commemorated: Decemand works among them. She is re- ber 7, 1931, seventy-fifth anniversary spected and loved by all and her con- of the arrival of Dr. William Butler tinued remonstrances are beginning at BareiIIy; February 7, 1932, seventyto cause a larger public concern and a fifth anniversary of the first Methdesire to remedy these conditions. odist religious service in India, and INDIA AND BURMA March 11, seventy-fifth anniversary of the arrival of Dr. Butler's first re- Christians Ask Religious Liberty cruits.

T HE educated Indian Christians In addition to Ctoh'ensfeer' esnpceeciaslessdiaoyns~ are, as a rule, strong Nationalists various district and favor the principles advocated by will be held throughout India and Mahatma Gandhi. Ten Christians, Burma.

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In the seventy-five years since the inary in Madras, which is organized Methodist Episcopal Church entered under the official name of High Grade India there has grown a church with Theological College. It is open only 350,000 members, 2,273 Indian min- to men who have received the A.B.

isters, 140,000 Sunday-school pupils, degree. The several missions each and 45,000 day-school pupils. furnish professors for the faculty.

The administration is in the hands of Model Village Plan three groups, a college council, an WORLD CALL tells of an experi- executive council and the faculty. ment by which the United Christian Missionary Society plans to teach New Native Bishop girls of India the fine art of living. A ASECOND native bishop was conmodel village is to be built on twenty- secrated in October, when the five acres of government jungle land, Rev. John Sharat Chandra Banerjee near the village of Jyotipur. The girls became assistant bishop of Lahore. will live in cottages, and while they He has been chosen not simply because will be self-governing as far as pos- he is an Indian, but because he seems, sible, Qversight and training will rest in the natural development of the with the teachers. Government Middle Church of India, to be the right man School curriculum will be followed, al- for the office. He is enthusiastic, cullowing six years instead of four, so tivated, experienced. The other Inthat practical work may be introduced. dian Bishop is Bishop Azariah, of Around each cottage will be garden Dornakal, consecrated in 1912, who space, and at one side .of the village, has proved himself a welcome and pasture for sheep and cows. Butter effective addition to the bishops of the and cheese making, poultry raising Anglican Communion in India and and bee culture will form a part of the training. Girls will be taught sewing, abroad. especially mending-a thing few In- In March, 1930, the Church of Engdians know how to do; hygiene and sanitation, care of infants; a simple land in India became legally the Church of India, Burma and Ceylon.

course in civics. There will be leader- SIAM ship cour·ses, giving practice in lead- Lepers Give to Missions ing meetings, making outlines of speeches, parliamentary law, and con- THE Chiengmai Leper church has ducting and taking intelligent part in recently forwarded to the Ameribusiness meetings ·of various kinds. can Mission to Lepers a gift of ticals The girls will deposit their money in 20 ($8.85). The superintendent of a bank, kept by the manager, and draw the asylum, which is under the Presit out by check. It is also planned to byterian Board of Foreign Missions, teach religious education, for training says: the girls to be better Sunday-school teacher.s, and to teach their own chil- This small gift expresses in a very dren and to be able to tell stories. meagre way their gratitude for the many Girls in the highest classes will be blessings they have received. Not the given practice in organizing and con- least of these blessings is their faith in ducting Junior and Senior Christian God and their renewed faith in man. Endeavor Societies, MissIon Bands They, themselves, are unable to do direct and Junior Church. evangelism but they can send small sums in order that some one else may be used in this Christian work. Everyone of the more than four hundred patients in this leper village is a Christian.

Lutheran Cooperation On Sunday, July 26, their new pastor was installed.. It was a big day for the FIVE Lutheran Missions in India, church and practically every patient was the American, the Leipzig, the present. After charging the pastor with Danish, the Swedish, and Gossner, are his duties, the new man conducted the cooperating in the new theological sem- Communion service.

S

The Leper church is assuming the en- provision is made for nonregistered tire financial support of the new pastor. schools. Disabilities are imposed upon His principal work will be to visit rela- those who gradute from nonregistered tives and friends of leper patients whose schools. From this, it is perfectly homes are in this section of the country. clear that it is anticipated that there They are keen to have their own families, will be schools that elect not to regismost of whom are non-Christians, given ter at present. the opportunity of becoming Christians. "Yali (Yale in China, at Changsha) In addition to supporting their own after being actually registered, was pastor they have promised the sum of 'directed to witbdraw its registration ticals two hundred and fifty per year to and apply again!' the evangelistic work of Chiengmai Station, providing a suitable man can be "During two visits to Shanghai in found to visit small groups of Christians 1930, and one early in this year, I who rarely have the chance of meeting stayed at the Missionary Home, where the missionary or even the native evan- one meets people from all over China, gelists. Their interest in Christian work and found two significant things, viz.: of many kinds is a constant source of (a) among those who had tried regiswonder and inspiration to me. Within tration, considerable dissatisfaction the past few months they have given the was expressed; and (b) I was many big sum of ticals five hundred thirty-four times congratulated upon the decision (Tcs. 534). I am quite sure that no of the Shanghai district of the Ameriother church in Siam can compare with can Church Mission to defer registrathem for gifts and variety of interests. tion, and was assured that the position was widely endorsed. Numerous mis- This small cheque is sent with their sionaries representing several differprayers that your work among leper ent denominational boards expressed people of other lands may continue to be the wish that they had taken the same prospered of God. stand. Dr. John C. Ferguson, long time adviser to the Chinese govern- (Signed) J. HUGH McKEAN. ment, wrote: 'The provisions of the regulation (i. e., the order forbidding CHINA religious exercises in schools) do not Non-Registered Schools in China commend themselves to the good judg- ment of the average man.' " THOSE who delay registration of the mission school are not "oppos- Newspaper Reports Incomplete ing Chinese nationalism" and even breaking qtIin€se law, as some writers DR. JAMES H. FRANKLIN of the seem to intimate. American Baptist Missionary So- ciety has recently made an extended The Rev. B. L. Ancell, D.D., of the trip in China and gives a report very American (Protestant Episcopal) different from that in the daily press. Church, and principal of Haham He says: School, Yangchow, Kiangsu, writes: "Thera is no defiance, no opposition, A visitor to China may be so iminvolved in the position of those who pressed with the widespread poverty, ilurge a further delay before registra- literacy, disease, superstition, banditry tion …… We simply omit to claim and general disorganization that he will certain privileges to be accorded on utterly fail to recognize some of the concondition that we do certain things. structive movements. Although I jour- We fail to claim certain rights for our neyed eighteen hundred miles into the pupils: rights to enter certain uni- interior of China, I did not find a town versities, rights to engage in govern- of any size that within four or five years ment service, etc. had not torn down hundreds or thou- sands of buildings in order to widen its "The present welter of multitudi- streets; nor did I find any such town nous laws and regulations creates such that had not recently paved those widan uncertainty as to constitute a rea- ened thoroughfares. In Chengtu, with a son for friendly pause rather than population of 600,000, seventeen hundred haste. No clean-cut body of school law exists that is applied as law.

"If from the state of school law in China anyone thing becomes clear, it is this: That under the regulations,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

miles 'from the sea, wide thoroughfares about three millions. Although in had been made and every street in the city had been paved within a period of other parts of China they are mixed five years. Schools were being conducted by the Chinese authorities in all of the~e with the Chinese, in Kansu they trace places, despite ~he ~isturbances. ElectrIC lights were bemg mtroduced and many their origin to three races, Arab and of the young people were dreaming of better things for their country. oPledrsHiaun~ Turkish, and a branch of the family. Since the beginning The United Lutheran Church of the Manchu dynasty, they have been THE Missionstidning for Finland the official journal of the Finnish a constant source of irritation and National Foreign Mission Society reports that the Lutheran Church Union trouble to the Chinese people, and inin China founded in 1920, was made up at that time of five missions, t.he creasing enmity has been the result. Norwegian in central Hunan, the Fmnish in northeastern Hunan, that of At present Moslem powel' is in the asthe Augustana Synod in Honan and that of the United Lutheran Church in cendancy in Northwest China. Very Honan and Hupeh, as well as the Swedish Church.. The mission of the Mis- few Christian missionaries are at souri Synod, the missions of Norway and Sweden, the Basel Mission and the work among these Moslems and Rhenish Society were outside of the union. throughout China the Christian ap- The Lutheran Church Federation proach to Moslems is a neglected task. meeting is attended by delegates from all over China, so that the territorial The successful missionary should be extension of the church in China is the most far-flung in the world, although equipped with a knowledge of Arabic, in actual numbers it is relatively small. as well as of the vernacular. The task At the sixth annual convention the Chinese were in the majority; there calls for cooperation between the variwere Germans, Danes, Swedes, Norwegians, Finns and Americans as well ous missionary agencies, and the Naas a Korean, Japanese and Esthonian in attendance. It was a harmonious tional Christian Council in China has and congenial group. been asked to reorganize a special com- A Chinese Christian, Pastor Chu Hao-ran, was elected president and the mittee on work for Moslems through first vice-president is Pastor Ai Ho-nan from Honan and the second, Pastor which all the missronary boards work- Paul Anspach of the mission of the United Lutheran Church. ing in China might cooperate to deal Moslems in China more effectively with the needs of Chi- REV. J. FINDLAY ANDREW, a nese Moslems. Special literature, fa- missionary of the China Inland Mission, who has more than twenty cilities for training missionaries and years' experience in the Province of Kansu and who is especially ac- united prayer are earnestly requested. quainted with the problems of missions to Chinese Moslems, reports that A Reviva.l in Manchuria Moslems in Kansu Province number AREVIVAL of unusual nature in Eastern Manchuria which has at- tracted widespread attention is going on in the Danish mission in Dairen, according to the Danslc Missions blad. Dairen is a large modern city with buildings in western style. There are nearly 300,000 Chinese inhabitants and many Japanese. The Danish mis- sion has one married missionary there, Rev. and Mrs. Jansen, two Chinese preachers, six evangelists and four Bible women.

In September, 1929, a young Chi- nese candidate for ordination preached on "Regeneration" and told how he was led by God's Spirit to use John 3: 13. For two years he had been a fierce opponent of one of the mission- aries but had been converted. Before Pastor Hsieh had finished, a wave of excitement swept over the assembly. Later another Chinese pastor, Wang

Ming Tao, heightened the impression rural millions. The industrial field with earnest admonitions. Later remains unopened. Christians who Wang spoke seven hours without ap- own factories are to be called into con- ference for discussion of such topics parent fatigue. as capitalism, labor conditions, hours, A meeting of the Bible women fol- wages and relations with workers.

lowed and the rumor of a revival Japanese Christians and China spread through the surrounding country. Later great meeting,s were held No JAPANESE Christian wants in New Chwang and in Mukden. war with China or with anyone else. Church people were shocked to Missionary Aksel Sorenson writes: hear the war news on the very morn- "We are a growing flock and rejoice ing of the collection for Chinese flood at what is taking place and at the relief; perhaps the offering was largthought that God's time has come for er on this account. Although the a blessing. The revival out here will Christians do not feel themselves mean a revival at home, as well as new strong enough yet to welcome reproach life and new power. for opposing national military policy, they are indulging widely in words of The revival has spread over Dairen, caution and in hopes that the current Port Arthur, Chinchou, Takushan, problems may be peacefully solved. Feng-hwang-ch'eng Antung, Kwan- Most Japanese feel there is as much tien, Huanjou, Mukden, Changchung, justification for a Japanese Monroe Petune, Sweihwafu. The missionary doctrine for Manchuria as for any othconcludes by saying "God is calling er, and with China's inability to set aloud to His people in Denmark in all her own house in order, as well as with that is happening here in China. He her violations of Japan's treaty rights, is calling us to a full surrender, to there must naturally be an end to pasanctification and to a holy service in tience somewhere, even among relaprayer, work and sacrifice." tives. There is, however, general Christian agreement that the patience JAPAN-CHOSEN of the Japanese army authorities was prematurely exhausted.-T. T. Brum- The Kindom of God Movement baugh.

DESPITE the absence of Toyohiko Christian Night Schools Kagawa, the Kingdom of God movement has gone forward with in- NIGHT schools connected with Miscreasing success. This united Chris- aki Tabernacle in Tokyo furnish tian campaign, which has now been one of the city's most important fields endorsed by almost all the Protestant for evangelistic work. "Instead of bodies, reported more local campaigns spending their leisure time in the held during the first six months of city's 7,500 cafes and places of amuse- 1931 than during all 1930. The num- ment," writes Dr. William Axling, ber of Christians now enrolled in vari- "the best of Tokyo's youth devote their ous sorts of training classes, all of evenings to study, and with high purwhom expect to go into the active work pose expose themselves to Christian of the movement, is rapidly increas- teachings, Christian influences and ating. The most significant recent de- mosphere. The interest in the chapel velopments have been the beginning services and the Bible classes ha,s been of work in the hitherto untouched maintained at a high level. There are rural regions and the addition of a 899 young men and women enrolled in factory and industry section to the the three night schools. Of that numprogram. There are about 12,000 vil- ber 294 are young women who work lages in Japan, with a population in in offices, and who have enrolled that the neighborhood of 40,000,000. By providing special training for young people who live in these villages the Kingdom of God Movement is planning to open its real drive on Japan's

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

they may improve themselves mentally ty, and Christian work is suffering and spiritually. Japan's youth are thereby. Christian cooperation is bealive to the tasks before them." ing tried; agriculture is studied as never before. To Study Japan's Schools Professor L. George Paik, Ph.D., of FOUR American educators will de- Seoul, in his "History of Protestant vote the winter months to a study Missions in Korea," sums up his conof Christian educati'onal systems and clusions as to conditions in his native institutions in Japan. The Interna- land as follows: tional Missionary Council is sponsor for the project, which is similar to When Korea was opened to the West, those recently completed in southern the greatest change wrought in the life and eastern Asia. of the people was the introduction of Christianity. Evangelical Christianity The American commissioners are entered the country when it was still an President G. Bromley Oxnam of De- independent nation …… Annexation in Pauw University, Greencastle, Ind.; 1910 was only the culmination of the long Dr. Frank W. Padelford of the Bap- processes of decay originating before the tist Education Board, Dr. Edward Ry- opening of the country. The intercourse nearson, Pittsburgh, Pa., and Miss of the West awakened the nation to a Ruth T. Woodsmall, research worker new life purpose. The infusion of Chrison institjltions for women. tian ideals gave to it a new birth ….. . The persistently active minority have al- CrOBS Currents in Korea ready made themselves felt among their non-Christian neighbors. The rebirth of K OREA has now been a part of the a nation in the heart of the Orient, the Japanese Empire for twenty rousing to new leadership of a people years. Law making and enforcement once spiritual leaders in the Far East, are efficient, for Japan aspires to rule who, through the fire of a new zeal are effectively. Through government con- impelled to proclaim to others their new trol and commercial enterprise, the faith, is the story of Christian expansion Japanese have done much to make in Korea. Korea physically and economically a new country. Government auto bus ISLANDS OF THE SEA lines, passenger and freight traffic have been greatly extended. Banking Will T"hiti Retreat? and commercial facilities and modern public utilities have been developed in I s CIVILIZATION, as interpreted a decade. Fine cities with modern by Europe and America, a help or buildings, water, light and transpor- a handicap? This is a question that is h~tion are growing up. Silk and cotton being seriously considered in the Ismills, tobacco factories, machine shops land of Tahiti, in the South Seas. The and other new industries have come. world economic depression is so greatly The Japanese postal system is efficient. affecting the islands that they appear Daily papers, the moving pictures, and to be on the verge of renouncing the even the radio are becoming common. ways of white civilization. Western clothing, medicine, machinery, books, athletics-all are taking In a resolution adopted by the Aghold of Korea. The Japanese school ricultural Union of Tahiti (says the system gives promise of future bless- N eU' York Times) and forwarded to ing to the nation. France, the islanders of the French South Sea colony are urged to resume On the other hand, if a million Ko- their ancestral modes of life and abanreans are prospering, eighteen mil- don the attempt to maintain modern lions are struggling for life's necessi- methods of living and trading. ties. Eighty per cent of the Koreans, mostly farmers, are in hopeless pover- This appeal recommends that the natives discard European clothing, re- turn to the simple outdoor life and give up life in the towns, with their artificial commercial existence, which is held responsible for the degenera- tion of island civilization.

Tahiti is one of the Society Islands In addition to this there are 2,788,625 and has an area of about 600 square native whites of foreign or mixed miles with a population of 8,585. The parentage. This means that there are capital is Papeete, a town which in- over 5,000,000 persons of foreign cludes about half of the whole.popula- stock, which number is over two- tion of the island. The Paris Evan- thirds the total population of the megelical Mission has been working here tropoli,s. It is surprising to find that since 1863 and has missionaries in the persons born in Russia, who num- Papeete and Morrea. Their communi- ber 442,431, now exceed slightly the cant Christians number about three number of those born in Italy. thousand. Cost of Crime "IGoing to School in Papua OFTEN wonder what children at T HE Wickersham Commission on home would think of the way Crime presents a vast body of children out here in Kwato come to carefully compiled statistics regardschool. ing the cost of crime and crime pre- vention. The cost of crime and efforts "The channel between Kwato and to prevent and to punish it by federal, Logea is about two hundred yards state and local agencies, is considerwide at its narrowest point and at all ably above one billion dollars a year times has a strong current runniIJ,.~ or $2,740,000 a day, or $114,000 an through it. This has to be crossed to hour! But the greatest c'ost of crime get to school. On a warm day the and its most terrible results is not its children paddle their outrigger ca- cost in dollars but the injury that it noes; on a windy day they sail; on an does to its perpetrators, its victims, unlucky day they swim. and to society as a whole.

"I love to watch the scramble before For a Christian the cause and the they get off in the morning-a great cure are not complex but simple, not bustling of grass skirts; last touches obscure but clear: to their carefully combed hair and shining bodies. One Dr two of the Cause-sin. This is revealed in selfolder boys swagger down to where ishness, a lust for gold and an ignotheir own little 'two-seater' lies, hol- rance of God and a disregard for His lowed out and finished off with their laws. This applies to both rich and own hands; they get quietly in and poor, high and low, native and foreign, paddle off. A little group of children white and colored, capitalists and manlook forlorn because their fathers have ual laborers. appropriated the family canoe for the day. They are not despondent long, Cure-faith in God and obedience however, for in a trice they have di- to His laws of life as made known vested themselves of any superfluous through Jesus Christ. This includes covering and entrusted their school self-sacrifice, a love for our fellowmen books to those in canoes. Then they of every race and station; plain livjump into the sea and are soon half ing, faithful and energetic use of way across the channel; their woolly whatever talents and opportunities we black heads bobbing up and down in have; recognition of the sovereignty the waves."-Hal,~iday Scrymgeour, in of God and seeking first the establish- Kwato Mission Tidings. ment of His righteous rule over every department of life-personal, indus- trial, political and religious.

NORTH AMERICA Allied Temperance Forces New York a Foreign City THE prohibition movement in America needs to be unified and to ACCORDING to the 1930 census fig- emphasize education if temperance is 1'. ures there are 2,283,400 foreign- to win. There are over forty prohibi- tion organizations or agencies operatborn white persons in New York City.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ing on a more or less national scale. The Disciples' Message Differences find expression in rivalries and disputes. THE International Convention of the Disciples of Christ met this In recent years progress has been year in Wichita, Kansas. The United made in bringing the temperance 01'- Christian Missionary Society carries ganizations together on the basis of a on the work of home and foreign misfederation and the National Confer- sions, church erection, benevolence and ence of Organizations Supporting the religious education. The reports were Eighteenth Amendment includes thir- more encouraging than might have ty-four agencies in its membership. been expected, considering the busi- A national board of strategy is em- ness situation. The call to hold the powered to guide the political policy lines and permit no retreat sounded of the "drys" through the year ahead. by President Corey met sympathetic response in the convention. A notable The Allied Forces for Prohibition, message to the churches from the enunder the leadership of Daniel A. Pol- tire secretarial group was read and ing, Oliver W. Stewart, Raymond Rob- was given wide publicity in the press. ins and others plan to hold dry meetings in 269 cities in every state in the Among the more notable utterances union before June 1, 1932, and to set were the following: up a popular organization in each city to spread the net of the organization "We must develop a missionary spirover the entire country. Every move- it and program which proclaims Christ ment in favor of temperance anlJ law as the world's Saviour. We must recobservance should unite to work in ognize that our Christian heritage harmony and ceaselessly to educate makes us and our land undying debtthe youth and to uphold Christian ors to all mankind. We must make the standards. education of our day thoroughly and devoutly Christian. Our evangelism Juvenile Delinquent. must call men and women to a com- plete surrender to the unqualified reg- THE report made by the Wicker- nancy of Christ. We must attain an sham Crime Commission states exalted concept of Christian stewardthat the United States Government ship and apply the means and methods had in its custody during the last half whereby it can be made a permanent of 1930 some 2,243 juvenile delin- factor in undergirding Kingdom enquents who have come into the cus- terprises …… Recognizing then the tody of the state. How so many validity of Jesus as the world's Savminors became Federal charges is a iour and convinced without doubt that mystery, although it is explained that the only hope of our age lies in Him, bootlegging, narcotic -violations and we pledge ourselves afresh in those various forms of delinquency that wistful words of the Jerusalem Concross state lines have placed them in ference which came hot from the crucidurance. The facts as presented are ble in which the Christian leaders of distressing. That the young should fifty nations had defined their faith: be in prison is bad enough, but that 'We cannot live without Christ. We they should be ill-treated and poorly cannot bear to think of others living housed is worse. The commission, without Him. We cannot be content through Mariam Van Waters, the so- to live in a world which is un-Christcial worker, who made the investiga- like. We cannot be idle while the longtion, has performed a valuable service. ing of his soul is unsatisfied." It is to be hoped that the revelations will produce some practical results in A Million Thank-Offering the way of a remedy-both for the causes and the conditions revealed.- I N THE face of the economic stress The Churchman. which has engulfed the whole world the united thank offering of the women of the Protestant Episcopal

Church for the current triennium Dr. Richter asks the pertinent ques- reached the sum of $1,059,575.27. This tion as to whether our Christianity offering comprised the gifts of all has a message of such compelling pow- women of the church, whether factory er that it will be able to rise above the girl or wealthy matron, hard working bogs of religious neglect and despair mother or isolated ranch woman, wom- and enter upon a new way. He says, en from the remotest outposts in the "If we will be honest, we must per- Philippine Islands, women on the sug- haps acknowledge that there is among ar centrale.s in Cuba and the Domini- men today only one enthusiasm that can Republic, women in Haitian carries along a hundred million human villages, women of a dozen races in beings in its intoxication, namely Rus- Hawaii, women from Japanese fi·shing sian communism, which promises to villages and from the centers of J apa- build up a new civilization on the nese culture, women from inland China foundation of a logical altruism. Be- who live in daily peril of their lives, hind this communistic movement Liberian school girls in West Africa, stands a fiery enthusiasm which sees Eskimo women in the far north, Mexi- the daybreak of a new day after the can women in remote mountain homes. night of a decadent capitalism. It is While the offering is primarily for the a very serious question whether Chris- support of women missionaries, it has tianity today is capable of kindling a been customary to use a part for build- similar or even more glowing enthusi- ings and equipment. asm in the hearts of its hundreds of millions of sated and ·self-satisfied ad- "THome Mission Theme for 1932-3 hermIts, who might be willing to give HE American Indian" will be the a few crumbs from their rich board to theme for the interdenomination- the despairing Lazaruses at their al Home Mission books in 1932-33. doors.

Dr. Lewis Meriam will prepare the Does Christianity have this mes- book for adults. In addition to having sage? I mention five points which ap- a deep personal interest in the Indian pear to me to have incomparable worth missionary work of the church he has for all of the human race, especially been technical director of the survey in the present crisis: (1) The mes- of Indian affairs conducted under the sage of God, the sovereign Ruler of Institute for Government Research at the universe, who lays unlimited claim Washington. His book will deal more upon the unconditional obedience of with the future than the past of the every man; (2) The reality of re- Indian. The first part will consider demption through the Only Begotten the Indian situation as it is today and Son of God, the atonement through the second, opportunities for Chris- His cross and life through His resur- tian service. rection, (3) The ethical impulses from GENERAL the reality .of the Holy God, the only possible moral backbone for the world Need for Missionary Passion that is seriously ill with moral ail- TH E AUgemeine Missionszeit- ments; (4) The message of a uni- schTilt, which Dr. Julius Richter versal judgment of the living and the edits, contains an informing article on dead, which guarantees everlasting missionary opportunities and difficul- righteousness as the fundamental law tie·s faced by American mission of thi s world; (5) The message of the boards. He does full justice to the Kingdom of God as the real purpose splendid way in which these boards of God in and with this cosmos, con- have been carrying on but sees great tents and goal of the development of difficulties in raising funds and secur- the human family.

ing missionaries. In some respects Might it not be possible to penetrate the picture is nearly as dark as the the Christian treasures of salvation conditions faced by European socie- with such a missionary glow that they ties. would set the 'churches aflame 7"

WORTH

~~ Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Japan Mission Year Book, 1931. Ed- missiDns and missiDnaries, educatiDn ited by Rev. L. J. Sha~er: 8 V? .449 and sDcial prDgress. Several chapters pp. Federation of ChI"lstIan MlsslOns. are 'Of special value and impDrtance Tokyo. such as thDse 'On "The Statute of Reg- istratiDn," "Cause 'Of Anti-Christian People who are interested in Japan M'ovements," "The Kuomintang and will find this publication of exceptIOn- ReligiDn" and "Change in Family al value. It presents not 'Only a wide Life." The whDle vDlume is essential range of authDritative infDrmatiDn re- tD thDse WhD wDuld understand the garding the missiDnary' wDrk 'Of all present situatiDn and DUtlDDk. denDminatiDns in Japan and FDrmDsa, but includes valuable chapters 'On the Negro Year Book: An Annual Encyclogeneral situatiDn in Jap~~ – s?ci.al, pedia of the Negro, 1931-32. By MoneCDnDmic, religiDus and pDlItlcal, III Its roe N. Work. 544 pp. $2. Tuskegee bearing upDn the Christian mDvement. Institute. Alabama. This Eighth EditiDn is a distinct A. J. B. imprDvement 'Over earlier issues bDth The China Christian Year Book, 1931. Ed- in CDntent and arrangement 'Of matter. ited by Frank Rawlinson. 8 va.. 437 Most of the material is new and, in a pp. $2. Christian Literature SocIety. concise form, gives a comprehensive Shanghai, China. view of the events affecting the NegrD China is rapidly making hist'Ory, as and the prDgress he is making throughDut the world. Special sectiDns is clearly shown in this seventeenth are devDted tD International CDoperaissue 'Of the China MissiDn Year B'Ook. tion through the Church and other F'Orty writers have contributed tD the agencies, national cDnsCiDusness, disv'Olume, half of them being Chinese, criminatiDns against Negroe·s, segre- S'O that the result presents a compDslte gation, and the NegrD in pDlitics, view 'Of a very critical situation. educati'Onal pr'Ogress and the NegrD Christian activity has increased in the in the church. Nearly 'One hundred last two years and anti-Christian pages are given t'O the NegrD in EurDpe movements are less pr'On'Ounced. S'Ome and in Africa. The c'Oncluding secti'Ons misshmary p'Olicies and methDds have deal with the Negr'O in p'Oetry, a rechanged and many new experiments view 'Of recent bDDks relating tD the are being tried. The Chinese Church Negro and a direct'Ory 'Of N egr'O newsis helping to rebuild China and its papers, agencies, and 'Organizati'Ons. p'Ower is being felt. The Five Year The statistics (page 537) are inaccu- Movement is making prDgress and ID- rate and the index is inadequate. eal groups of Christians are cooperating with the Central Committee. It S. M.Z. is a day 'Of great need and great 'Opportunity for Christianity in China.

The next ten years will probably set God's World, By Cornelius Howard Patthe mold in which the future of the ton. 297 pp. $2. Richard R. Smith. nation is cast. New York. 1931.

We have the usual sections of the The day has passed when the true year b'Ook where vari'Ous authors ably follower 'Of Christ can be provincial discuss nati'Onal and religious life, and insular in his views of G'Od's world 953

if ever such a day existed. The prog- physician. Dr. Schweitzer sees Africa ress of the past few years strikingly and the Africans as they are-without manifests our nearness to one another, much romance or poetry-but with and the need for neighborliness among great human need and in dire physical nations. In such a day the world has suffering which he is trying to relieve. need of the Church of Christ, and f He describes his experiences-doctorinteIligent, compassionate, ecumenical ing, operating, disciplining, teaching Christians. morals and religion, erecting build- ing·s, feeding the people, conducting Dr. Patton pays tribute to those re·search. It is a simple, intimate, who, with humility and the spirit of vivid story of a humanitarian work brotherliness and with sacrifice, are well done. making their contribution to the realizing of the Christian ideal through- We Are Alaskans. Mary Lee Davis. 335 out the world, but he states with pp. $3.50 W. A. Wilde Co. Boston. regret that in the church these are a 1931. minority. Today God's world is hungry and piteously sick, large areas are In "Uncle Sam's Attic" Mary Lee darkened by ignorance and sin, but Davis achieved a striking success with too many in the ·Christian Church are a volume of general information on narrow and selfish, when their inter- Alaska. It was written so charmingly est should be cosmopolitan." In a clos- that it stands easily first in the books ing chapter, "A Possible World," the descriptive of our great north land. author calls us, as Christians, away "We Are Alaskans" attains the same from our apathy and indifference to high level of interest and value. One apostolic steadfastness and the tre- cannot know the human, and therefore mendous adventure of world-living real, Alaska, until one has read these and giving. "The one clear call for stories .of Eskimo, Tinneh, Thlingit the church to which you and I belong and frontiersmen – cheechakos and is to go and do the thing which is com- sourdoughs. Every story fairly bites manded and empowered by Christ." into one's interest but two stand out- Tillie Paul Tamaree and the Flu Epi- Some of the chapters treat of sub- demic at Fairbanks. Finely graven jects upon which books have been writ- cameos are they, the cost of reading ten. Bibliographies are provided for which is a clutch of throat and moisthe benefit of those who wish to pur- ture of eye. "Uncle Sam's Attic" and sue a specific subject. "WeAre Alaskans" are like two sides of a beautiful coin. Noone preparing This book has great clarifying value a paper or address on Alaska can afto those who are interested in missions ford to neglect these books. and world affairs, and is challenging and convincing to those who are not. A.J.M.

J. MeN. Studies in Christian Stewardship. By Rev. Douglas W. P. Strang. 2s. Interna- The First Hospital at Lambarene. By Al- tional Association for Church Fi- bert Schweitzer. 12 mo. $2. Holt & nances. 55 West Regent Street, Glas- Co. New York. 1931. go. 1931.

"On the edge of the Primival For- Strange to say, this is the first book est," which made Albert Schweitzer- on Stewardship yet published in Great German musician, physician, philoso- Britain. It is by the minister of the pher, missionary – well known in New Northern church, Edinburgh, and America and England, brought his ex- is a notable contribution to this vital periences up to 1924. This volume subject which is now challenging the records the story of his work from thinking of the church as never be- 1924 to 1928 when he went on fur- fore the world over. Mr. Strang relough to Europe. He is now back in gards it as nothing less than an inte- We·st Africa serving the people to gral, though long neglected part of the whom he has devoted his skill as a

BqOKS WORTH READING

Gospel. To appropriate a phrase of Dr. Schomerus shows clearly and his own, this little textbook of twelve unmistakably the principal elements chapters opens out "a tremendous in Buddhism and thus reaches the vista." Far from being a primer, deepest roots of the distinction be- though modestly offered as "a prelim- tween it and Christianity. He shows inary essay" these studies sweep the that the real difference lies in the fact wide ranges of the New Testament that Christianity is first of all con- along this line and incidentally the cerned with the conception of person- Old Testament and afford a key to un- ality and this brings him to the con- lock connections between the paBsages sideration of the question whether one of the two Testaments. They form an desires to be a personality in the invaluable contribution to the religious fullest sense of the word. The book education materials, furnishing a is a fine contribution to an under- missing link between mission study standing of Buddhism. C. T. B.

and daily life. D. MeC.

Buddha und Christus. By Professor Hilko Gandhi, Christus und wir Christen. By Wiardo Schomerus. Buchhandlung des Walter Gabriel. Buchhandlurtg des Weisenhauses. Halle. 1931. Waisenhauses. Halle. 1931.

Any publication by Dr. Schomerus, The author presents an evaluation the great authority on missions and the religions of the world, will be of Gandhi from the standpoint of hailed with joy. The present volume is particularly timely both in view of Christian teaching. When it is borne the fact that at present there is so in mind that for a long time the author much unclearness in regard to the fundamental questions of all religion had the portrait of Gandhi on his and because there is a widespread in- desk beside the picture of Christ, it clination on the part of seekers after the truth to look for comfort in other will not be feared that he does not religions. This is particularly true in regard to Buddhism, partly because of present his argument from a fair and the natural attraction in the person of unbiased standpoint. He has enthe founder of Buddhism and partly deavored to be so fair, that at times because men fancy to have discovered it seems as if he made too many conin it a guide out of the oppression of cessions to the great Indian leader. materialism. The book is a noteworthy contribu- In view of the fact that for a num- tion to the question of the religious ber of years past there has been an viewpoints of Gandhi. It draws a increasing propaganda for Buddhism clear line of distinction between the in many countries it is a matter of spiritual world of Gandhi and the great gratification that the comparison world of Christ's Gospel. As many between Buddhism and Christianity is admirers 'Of Gandhi see in him the inhere made by one of the greatest liv- corporation of Christ's ethics in the ing authorities on Bud d his m. Sermon on the Mount, they overlook Throughout the book the reader is the most important principles that dis~ conscious that the facts are presented tinguish Christ's revelation. It is to in the most frankly objective way. the credit .of Mr. Gabriel that he has brought out the great self-revelation Professor Schomerus states that he of God in Christ over against a mere aims to give an answer to four ques- ethical conception of the Gospel. He tions, namely: (1) Who is Buddha fortifies his positions by extracts from and who is Christ? (2) What are the public utterances of Gandhi and their basic views of God, the world constantly bears tribute to his lofty and man? (3) What did they aim at? ethical views. He shows the truth of (4) How did they think to carry out Gandhi's accusations against Christheir aim? tians so-called and sounds a clear note of appeal to repentance and a deeper penetration into that which actually constitutes the Gospel of Christ.

C. T. B.

NEW BOOKS Paths to the Presence of God. Albert W.

Communing With Communism. William Palmer. 105 pp. $1. Pilgrim Press. B. Lipphard. 153 pp. $1.50. Judson Press. Philadelphia. Chicago. I The Cult of Dr. Sun. Translated by Wei Russia in the Grip of Bolshevism. John Young. 250 pp. Independent Weekly. Johnson. 160 pp. $1.50. Revell. Shanghai. New York.

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Education and the Missionary Task. By Christopher Hollis. 288 pp. $2.50. a Mission Secretary. 33 pp. 6d. Harpers. New York. World Dominion Press. London. Thinking With God. Norman A. Camp. The First Hospital at Lambarene. Albert Schweitzer. 12mo. $2. Hall & Co. 127 pp. 25 cents. Bible Institute Col- New York. portage Association. Chicago.

The Breath of Tomorrow. Janet Lang- Vanguard of the Caravans. Coe Hayne. ford. 158 pp. 18.6d. Pickering & Inglis. London. 157 pp. $1. Judson Press. Phila- delphia. Karl Barth: a Prophet of aNew Chris- tianity. Wilhelm Pauck. 228 pp. $2. Year Book of the American Baptist For- Harper's. New York. eign Missionary Society, 1931.. 2~6 pp.

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. North America. Pittsburgh. Helen A. C. Dixon. 324 pp. $5. Put- nam. New York. A Merry Mountaineer. The Story of Clif- ford Harris of Persia. R. W. Howard. A Prince of Missionaries-The Rev. Al",x- 93 pp. 18. Church Missionary So- ciety. London. ander Hetherwick of Blantyre. W. P. Livingstone. Illustrated. 8vo. 206 pp. Perils in the Wilderness (or, The Rescue 58. James Clarke and Co. London. of Two Lady Missionaries). G. Findley 1931. Andrew. 60 pp. 25 cents. China In- land Mission. Philadelphia. Good News. A Plea for Spreading the Gospel. C. V. Sheatsley. 12mo. 156 The Present-Day Summons to the World pp. $1.00. Lutheran Book Concern. Mission of Christianity. John R. Mott. 325 pp. $2.50. Cokesbury Press. Columbus, Ohio. 1931. Nashville. The Pilgrim Church. E. H. Broadbent. The Treasure Ship Sails East. A Book filr Churches practising New Testament Boys and Girls. Edited by Phyllis principles. 8vo. 406 pp. 78, 6d. Pick- Hocken. 127 pp. $2. Macmillan. ering and Inglis. Glasgow. 1931. New York. Rural Education for the Regeneration of Korea. Helen Kiteuk Kim. Pamphlet. Methodist Episcopal Board of Foreign Missions. New York. 1931.

Samuel Crowther of the Niger. Jesse Page. 12mo. 191 pp. 28. Pickering and Inglis. Glasgow. 1931.

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LIV. No.n November

WHOM SHALL WE SEND;.?.'

BY PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia T HE~E is no subject of great- discuss it here. Preparation is er I~portance ~or all who seventy-five per cent of the reason . a;e mterested. m carrying for success or the failure, and re- ChrIst s message out mto the dark ceives little attention, whereas the place~ of the earth, than that of the technical and intellectual training s~lectI?n and pre!>aration of mis- which counts for twenty-five per SlOnarieS for servIce. cent, receives almost all the atten- As we have said, the object of tion. Here we will discuss the missionary work is to produce a other factors in preparation.

spiritual result over in Japan and The object of missionary work China and India and Arabia and is to go out and put Christ into other fields. Therefore it is most men's hearts, the hearts of those important to discuss the way to ;-vho are now preoccupied with prepare for the spiritual work that Idols of extraordinary strength, lies ahead. Technical theological ~~o are at present devotees of re- training is not ninety per cent of hglOUS systems that hold them with what is necessary for success out a tenacity that is very difficult to there, nor even fifty per cent. That represent. Missionary work is not is true of pedagogical 01' medical easy work-not because the clitraining too. Technical prepara- mate ~s bad, or health conditions tion is of importance and we should are dIfficult, but because we are prepare for the best possible work dealing with men whose hearts are but, nevertheless, we go out to th~ occupied by some other god. The mission fields first of all to bring people are .amalgamated into sysmen to Christ and to bring Christ te?Is. It IS not as though you to men. For the accomplishment trIed to shovel pebbles out of a of that purpose, all that we learn loose pile. With most of the peo- in classrooms here is less than fifty pIe among whom we work, for in- per cent of what makes for suc- stance: in Arabia, in the castes of cess or for failure over there. India, and in China, it is as though Important as this matter is, I there ~as been. liquid cement do not think that, within the last poured mto that.pIle. of pebbles and five years, it has been discussed in they are held lIke Iron; you can any convention or any course of hardly ~et more t~an a few of them study in any institution with which loose wIth dynamIte. r r am acquainted, as am going to ton• TSheemilnaasrty,ofFeabrsuearireys, of lectures ILt Prince· 1981, SOS

On the mission field we work do it? The people that God wants against spiritual forces of extraor- out there, and nobody else. While dinary power. We do not just go we ought to urge men to think out there to wheel baby carriages about the mission field and to go up and down the street; we work out if God wants them, we ought against very powerful systems, and also to urge them to stay at home because of that we should recog- unless they are convinced God nize that the work is exceedingly wants them to go out there. The difficult. That adds force to the first element in our preparation is statement that we go out there to an unshakable conviction that God do a spiritual work. Multi-million- wants us to work out there. That aires might go there together and is not saying how God will guide could not produce one convert with us to such a conviction. We are all their money. We need money, not looking for an audible voice or but we need other things a great a supernatural miracle, but for an deal more. A wonderful piece of unshakable conviction that God acarchitecture may, in a way, ob- tually calls us to the field. That jectify the beauty of holiness and is, to my mind, an indispensable the essential loveliness of the char- element in the equipment of any acter of God, but in a place like missionary who goes out with any Arabia a building of that kind expectation or hope of success in would contribute nothing to our the spiritual work that God desires spiritual ends. to have accomplished.

Stay at Home, Unless- The second element in mission- ary preparation is an adequate What preparation should we get surrender to God's will. We enter to fit us for the work that lies into the Kingdom of God by surahead? First of all we must, of rendering ourselves to Christ, but course, be sincere Christians, but we sometimes forget that we need if we are such, how can we prepare divine grace for a continued surfor this particular work to which render. It is not sufficient to surthe Lord has called us? render today and sail out to Arabia next week. We must continually The first thing to be said is that surrender in Arabia for the next a man or woman ought not to go thirty-five years, or as long as God out into Arabia or India as a mis- keeps us there. sionary until he is convinced that the Lord wants him there. In the This second task is even more old days there may have been a difficult than the first. There are very superficial discussion of what plenty of temptations in a country constitutes a missionary call, as of that kind, especially temptations though it must be a rather super- that attack us along the line of natural manifestation. But there pride. My experience has included is some truth in that. Here is no one who has been tangled up work of exceptional difficulty and in the ordinary temptations of the of exceptional importance. The flesh. though such occur. Prob- Church of Jesus Christ is to be ably you would not be attacked on founded. We are to go out and that side. but everyone is apt to be make disciples of Christ. No work assailed by subtle temptations to in the world is comparable to that pride. It is this that wrecks us in in importance. Who is to go and Christian service nine times out of

ltl:!l] WHOM SHALL WE SEND'!

ten, The temptation comes in find the lists coincide almost with- more than one way. Here is a out any variation. Our success on woman who is offended and will the mission field will depend very not speak to her missionary col- largely upon our capacity to work.

league. What is the matter? Yes- Doctors are open to great criticism terday when other people were in- because we have felt the pulse of vited, she was left out. Her whole missionaries so much and listened impression is probably wrong but to their heart and worried about she was so offended that it took the their health until we have taught active effort of the other party to the missionary body to be afraid heal the wound, It took patience lest they work too hard. More peo- and humility and submission to un- ple come back nervously broken kindness to straighten the matter down from too little work than out. We need to be prepared for from too much. What is a stand- a continual surrender out there. ard? Why not take the common Here is a doctor. How is he go- everyday standard? A little while ing to spend his time? Will he sit ago somebody was throwing a down to do personal work with the brick at the laboring man in Amer- patients, or do some piece of lab- ica because he wanted to do less oratory wor~ which will give him a than an eight-hour day's work.

bit of reputation? This fame When we work for the Lord, let us looks like a -gorgeous jewel. He not have a standard of diligence can do this work and thereby gain that is less than the standard of a reputation; he can get back a an ordinary carpenter or electri- little that he surrendered when cian. Let the eight-hour day be he went to the field. the minimum, but not necessarily Our power in the Lord's service the maximum. I think you would is going to depend upon the depth find that many ministers would of our surrender. The difference have hard work checking up between a man who has about a against that plumb line. Most of tenth of one horsepower in his us are so afraid we will overwork, spiritual life and that other man that we let half an hour go this who has fifty horsepower, is simply way and half an hour that way to a question of the depth to which no purpose.

his surrender has reached. One of our best clergymen in Afraid of Overwork Arabia told me that he had to in- crease his activities a good deal to Now let us pass on to some reach eight actual hours at his job.

things more specific. How ean I In addition to our eight hours at prepare to be the right sort of mis- our job we will put extra time on sionary? We can train ourselves correspondence and articles for to work hard. The most plebian home papers and other accessory sin in this world is the sin of lazi- stuff as we would if we were work- ness. It is also the most common. ing over here for the Telephone If you could make a list of mission- Company. That is hard work, but aries and classify them 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, unless we can do an honest day's on the basis of their capacity for work, we need not expect the hard work at their job, and later Lord's blessing. If our mission- classify them as God judges accom- aries would work eight full hours plishment, I believe that you would a day at the job of bringing the

Gospel message to one individual In our Bahrein hospital we de- soul after another, we would begin cided to experiment. As we take to have more results. That eight down the history of a case, noting hours belongs to the Lord, it be- every day the treatment and reac- longs to the church that sent us tion, so we decided to keep a spir- out, it belongs to those church itual history of all the patients.

members who have sacrificed to We wrote down what kind of Mo- support us. It is very important hammedans they were, and how that outside our work hours we much contact they had had with maintain our touch with friends at Christ's truth-which was mostly home, if we want to retain those none. Then we treated them with friends. various kinds of spiritual medicine.

There are many things that help We tried the dogmatic and system- us save time and energy. A filing atic presentations of the Gospel; . cabinet is worth its weight in gold. God's holiness and man's sin and A half hour spent with an account- the need for a Saviour. We tried ant or in a business office, or with the historical presentation, the some stenographer can teach us prophesies about Christ and His methods and filing systems that life and death and resurrection.

will save days of work. It is worth We tried the parables, and then we while. Reduce the time spent in sometimes used to open the New accessory activity so that you have Testament at random. Each day eight hours left for the honest the results were put down. On work of bringing Christ into con- January 5th Adela was given the tact with men that need Him. parable of the prodigal. Did he A Clear Message like it? Did he understand it Z Did it make him angry? Did he If the first element in the suc- go to sleep? What did happen to cess of a missionary is his capacity him? That was all put down on the to work, then the second element record. We tried to treat every is a flexible and growing message. patient almost every day. So at Perhaps I tread upon treacherous the end of the year we had some ground in this part of the discus- interesting records to study.

sion, but I believe in the Gospel of We could only discover one as- our Lord Jesus Christ. We need to pect of the Gospel that had any study the people among whom we great appeal upon its first presen- work so that we' can present it tation, and that is the mystical as- most effectively. pect of the Gospel-the vine and The people in these lands find it the branches, the bread of life, and, difficult to understand Christ's most of all, the good shepherd.

message. Suppose I stand up and Thereafter we used that almost al- say, "Believe on the Lord Jesus ways as our initial presentation.

Christ and thou shalt be saved." "The Living Christ and Dying Those to whom I am talking do not Heathenism," by Dr. Warneck of know what I mean by "believe." the South Sea Islands reports that They have never heard of the Lord out there they found the best in- Jesus Christ. They have not the itial presentation to be the an- faintest conception of what it nouncement that those who believe means to be saved. So we seek a in Christ need not be afraid of evil simpler presentation. spirits. That is the initial presen-

WHOM SHALL WE SEND?

tation that really penetrates deep ample and work than a man has enough to be understood and ap- when he leaves the seminary. We preciated a little. The search for must have not only a flexible and a that point of contact will continue growing message but we must have as long as you are on the field. a growing understanding of Christ I remember being faced with the and His teachings for ourselves.

problem of preaching on the street I despair of any missionary be- in Bahrein which had been for- ing able to handle the situation bidden. As we took our dispensary that he meets out in Arabia, at work to different villages, we least, unless his own devotional Bi- found that at the end of the morn- ble study reveals now and then ing's work there was half an hour great magnificent jewels of truth or an hour, as we sat out next to never dreamed of before. A man the road, when a crowd of fifty to who sees no more in Christ's teach- a hundred people gathered. I used ings at the end of ten years after to open my reading with that verse his graduation here than he saw in the Sermon on the Mount: when he was graduated is no man "Lay not up for yourselves treas- for missionary work. We need the ures where moth and rust consume vitality and the freshness that we and where. thieves break through get if our own comprehension is and steal." It was a surprise to fresh and vital and growing.

those people to have that word. Without question some mission- There was no danger of their aries ought to study the religions breaking that commandment. To of the people to whom they go, but have their poverty dignified as obe- most of us are far better advised dience to a divine commandment to let that kind of study alone. It was very acceptable to them. That will be better for us if, instead of was our introduction. Then we spending hours on the study of would go on and try never to stop Hinduism or Mohammedanism, we until we had reached a discussion spent that time on the study of of the parable, "I am the good Christ's message and example and shepherd," or a discussion of the their implications and application crucifixion and the atonement. to the situations that we face; then This is what I mean by a flexible we will have a message that will or varied message. Christ was amount to something.

marvelously varied in the way he Do not waste time on the study met men. The woman at the well of Hinduism and Mohammedanism was not taught the same thing as and Buddhism, but put time on the Nicodemus or Zaccheus or the devotional and sympathetic and Pharisee who invited Jesus out to personal study of the message of dinner. We also must have an ex- Christ, so that you begin to see in ceedingly flexible message. it wonderful and magnificent Keep Up-to-Date things that were never taught you and that you can, therefore, pre- To present to different people sent to the people you meet.

that aspect of the Gospel which fits If the first element in our prep- into their minds requires a much aration is the gaining of a capacity more profound and extensive and for hard work and the second a truly sympathetic understanding of growing and flexible message, a Christ and His message, of His ex" knowledge of Christ that increases

rIlE MISSIONARY RI<;VIJ<;W OJ<' THE WOI~L

all the time, then the third, I think, sionary maintains, he would find is unquestionably the training of himself still below some Indians or ourselves in sacrifice. There we Arabs around him in a coast city.

have a difficult subject. Why does Or, if he wrapped one cloth around Mr. Gandhi have such an enormous him and ate one handful of rice a influence in India? It is not be- day, there would still be people be- cause he has such a tremendous low him. As we work from the mind or that his economic program richest down to the poorest it is commands great respect. But Mr. purely a question of judgment as Gandhi has fallen into the earth to which point in that scale we are and died so far as his own self-in- going to imitate. We can not do dulgences are concerned. Christ better than to follow the example said that if we fall into the earth of Christ. He did not go down to and die, we bring forth much fruit, the very bottom of the scale as a otherwise we do not. beggar starving in the street, How Much Sacrifice ~ nevertheless he was not a rich mil- lionaire with soft clothes and The principle of self-sacrifice is jewels. Christ set himself low in essential. I learned a lot when I the scale and there is where we first went ,out to Arabia from an ought to set ourselves.

assistant I had in the hospital who That, of course, in these days is was a converted Afghan. J alalah a most unwelcome teaching, but, and his brother Rakmandan used after all, it is Christ's own ex- to sit and talk with me. They had ample, and if we can talk with not the slightest respect for any re- those Orientals and get their reac- ligious representative whose life tion, we will recognize that they was characterized by what they at least understand this.

would interpret as self-indulgence. If we prepare to work hard at They are not worshipers of abso- our task; if we devote our whole lute ::.estheticism, but in their time to Christ and his message and mind, as in God's mind, self-indul- develop an adaptable message; if gence is the antithesis to the re- we prepare for real sacrifice, then ligious life. You cannot put the I believe we have adopted the three two in the same compartment. A elements of importance in the missionary who is self-indulgent in preparation for missionary work.

his expenditure, in what he eats I want to add one more which, per- and in what he wears; who looks haps, ought to have been put in the out on missionary life as an easy general preparation. We must thing, should stay at home. The train ourselves to pray. We often Oriental understands that when a have to pray a long time without man pretends to bring out God's seeing an answer, and it is some- message, to be a prophet with a times difficult to keep our prayers gospel, that man cannot be self-in- keen and full of faith and our at- dulgent. titude toward God as enthusiastic We must be prepared for sacri- and to realize that God is working fice. How much sacrifice? Ob- even when we can not see the re- viously, we are dealing with a sit- sults.

uation where judgments differ. It There are mission fields where would not make any difference how the answers to prayer come more expensive an establishment a mis- quickly, but there is no field where

WHOM SHALL WE SEND?

a man is safe who has not learned work includes, no doubt, many to pray. It may seem like a bit of technical things. These things are lega)ism, hut a man cannot safely more important-the capacity for come out to the mission field who hard work; much attention to does not set aside half an hour or Christ and a growing knowledge more every day to pray. It is true of Him and His message; ability that Christ sets us no such example to adapt His message to individual of mechanical regularity, but you needs; training in sacrifice; and and I live in an artificial civiliza- finally training in the art of tion and to gain any time for prayer. prayer most of us have to set aside a certain area which we rigorously Missionaries who can come out guard from other things. trained in these ways will be suc- cessful. One more word, and that I do not believe in the appoint- is, we not only must learn how to ment of missionary candidates who pray, but we need to build up at do not know how to pray. Mis- home a constituency of friends who sionaries must hold time free for will pray with us and for us. We prayer at the expense of great ef- must not come out to the missionfort for we need that time for ary field single-handed, we need at twenty other· things. That is the least a dozen or two dozen intimate fourth element in our preparation friends behind us who are going -to learn to pray. We might bet- to pray for us. Develop that kind ter fail in our other examinations of a constitutency. It is a matter than to fail to pray at least half an of the greatest importance so that hour every day. spiritual power of that entire . Preparation for missionary group may be enlisted.

PRAYING FOR MISSIONARIES BY NAME BY ADONIRAM JUDSON GORDON PRAYING for missionaries by name is another means for draw- ing out our interest toward the foreign fields.

Wholesale intercession has always a dangerous tendency. Prayers which are so inclusive that they cease to be incisive, which take in so many interests that they take hold of none-who has not been wearied by such comprehensively feeble intercession? Christians have as much need to be on their guard against platitudinarianism as against latitudinarianism. Evangelical vagueness of desire and petition is a weariness to God and to men.

Instead of praying for the Lord's blessing on our mission fields and upon our missionary brethren in general, let us make a list of their names, and take some of them before the throne of grace each day. Let us make ourselves acquainted with their circumstances of trial or success so that we will have definite petitions or thanksgiving for them. Let the missionaries send home specific requests for prayer, and let them be taken up for definite remembrance.

OU'l'SIDE THE ATTRACTIVE BRITISH-AMERICAN HOSPITAL IN

A MINISTER OF MERCY IN PERU BY SAMUEL GUY INMAN, New York Secretary oj the Comndttee on Coopc1'ati01l in lAlUn America A MESSENGER enters the Others in Peru may not have beautiful palm-bedecked pa- serum for immediate treatment, tio of an old building of or might be batHed by the long Moorish architecture in the sub- distance to the town, three days urbs of Lima, Peru. He rushes by boat and train. But this man through the corridors to a room is accustomed to call on science where sit several immaculately and on humans to help him allecapped and gowned nurses. The viate suffering. A fellow countryone in charge of the office opens the man, who has established a flymissive which states that diph- ing field, is called by telephone. theria has broken out in an inland "Yes," comes the reply, "I will take city. There is no anti-toxin to com- the anti-toxin." While the plane is bat it and anxious parents implore being warmed up, the anti-toxin is the missionary doctor at Lima to hurried to the field by auto. It rush anti-toxin to save their chil- gives one a thrill to see that bird dren. The Chief, to whom every- of mercy rise into the air and fly one tells his troubles, is not easy to over the Andes, an hour after the find among the sick scattered appeal had been received. That through the patios, in the operat- same afternoon anxious parents reing room, one of his laboratories, ceive the healing balm that meant in the dark room or in the dispen- life to their children. sary. When he is found, we see a real leader swing into action. Here is romance and religion in the tropics. To me the incident 812

A MINISTER OF MERCY IN PERU

conveyed a thriH I shall never for- formed, though the patient was too get. To the Chief of the British weak for anything but a local anes- American Hospital it was only one thetic. The Chief kept him cheered of many incidents in a day's work. up with stories, while he pumped Dr. MacCornack's day usually more than half a gallon of pus out begins at 5: 30 A. M., with a brisk of the liver, sewed him up with the ride along the seashore on a favor- rapidity of a Singer machine, with ite Argentine pony. After a 7: 30 more drains arranged than are breakfast the head nurses receive found in an ordinary bathroom.

their instructions for the day, the In a few days the old man was on more critical patients are visited, the road to recovery.

and the first operation is per- What an international crowd we formed. Here we see the king on find among the sixty patients in the his throne! This man may be able hospital wards. Here is a Texan to ride, to shoot, to fish and to tell who has been railroading in Peru good stories; he may be a fine for thirty years; thez:e is the Brit- photographer, a chemist, an elec- ish Minister to Peru; here is the trician, a successful business man- wife of a Peruvian evangelical pas- ager, the respected mayor of his tor who has taken advantage of the little Peruvian suburb. But above hospital to have her baby born un- everything else, he is a skillful der sanitary conditions; there is surgeon. When he swings into a Scotch nurse recovering after six this job, there is no mistake that he months' battle with germs she had – is in his element. A young army contracted in a neighboring institu- of assistants jump to comply with tion. Others include a Japanese commands as if they had been Charge d'Affairs, a German busi- stimulated with an electric cur- ness man, a Quechua Indian peon, rent. Several distinguished sur- an American "beach-comber," an geons may have asked permission Illinois mission-school teacher; to watch this man of reputed mar- through the various wards one may velous power. But he will tell you trace the map of the world.

that it is quite simple: First, be The whole responsibmty for the; sure that you know what is the hospital rests upon Dr. MacCor- trouble with your patient; second, nack. A young assistant is doing deal gently with the insides of the the best he can and Mrs. MacCor- friend on the table; third, keep nack is remarkably efficient in studying every case, and learn as business details. The American much as possible from the experi- and Peruvian nurses are enthusi- ences of others. astic and efficient, but everyone Many different kinds of opera- in the whole institution looks to the tions are done here and some mar- Chief for the final word.

velous cures are effected. One old After luncheon, in the attractive Peruvian gentleman was brought living quarters which Mrs. McCor- to the hospital when all other med- nack has arranged in the rear of ical men had given him up. He the main patio, the Chief shows us looked too far gone to be saved, some movies taken of recent opera- but in a few hours the Doctor had tions. (Think of having your own put him through various tests and operation reeled off before you as had discovered a strange disease of the wielder of the knife explains the liver. The operation was per- just how and why it was done!)

Then we examine the different emanates from the Christian Dikinds of cameras kept by this lover rector of this institution and his of photography, we inspect the associates. model kitchen and refrigerating plant which the Chief has installed Eight years ago Dr. and Mrs. with the proceeds from recent op- MacCornack went to Peru from erations; we stop to pay a hurried Wisconsin where he had attained visit to the pets, the monkeys, par- success in surgery, was president rots and dogs, which help to amuse of a hospital and director of a the big family. bank. Bishop Oldham of the Methodist Episcopal Church had The clinic takes up most of the recently agreed to supply the perafternoon, for a crowd of the needy sonnel of a hospital in Peru if the 'l'HE DOCTOR AND NUR!lING !lTAFF IN THE I,TMA MISSION HOSPITAL from all classes come from Lima British and American communities and Callao. After dinner, the final in Lima and Callao would furnish rounds must be made, and then the the property. The MacCornacks medico takes his rest by putting on heard the call to go to this, to them, a concert for the patients! His in- unknown city and offered to congenuity has hooked up loud speak- tribute a year of service. There ers to an insignificant little port- were only three patients in the hosable victrola so that the music is pital when they arrived; equipnot only carried to all the three ment was of the scantiest. The patios, but also to the city park new doctor spent his first five days where all the community enjoys it. largely in making with his own hands a light for the operating It is scarcely too much to say room. At this juncture the manthat the whole West Coast of South ager of one of the big American America if! feeling the f!pirit that

firms was seized with a strangu- dents in training, is run without lated hernia and requested to be any appropriation from the Mistaken to the newly arrived Ameri- sion Board. The British and can doctor. The doctor had fin- American communities provided ished his operating lamp five min- the buildings. utes before the patient's arrival. Without this he could not use the Far-reaching results may be exoperating room. The two stran- pected from the work of the Perugers exchanged a few words and vian girls who are being trained the sufferer was laid on the table. and sent out each year as nurses. The operation was successful and They are given three years in the a firm friendship was established nurses' school and are fitted to between these two families. serve in public health programs, in other hospitals or in private cases. The one year of free missionary Their influence is already being service has now lengthened into felt in the struggle to improve the eight. Last year the expenses of general health in Peru. the institution amounted to $131,- 000, every cent of which was paid All who have "done time" in the from surgical fees and other hos- British and American Hospital pital receipts. This unique mis- have a warmth of feeling toward sionary enterprise, staffed by the this institution. To have lived with chief surgeon and his assistant, by the Chief and his assistants has eight American and eight Peruvian made life sweeter, has brought God nurses, and a group of forty stu- nearer, and has made Christ more real.

WHAT IS CHRISTIANITY?

C HRISTIANITY is not the established religion of a common- wealth, lest the laws of men become entangled with the laws of the Lord, which are perfect, and the State be found dis- puting for supremacy with the sovereign God.

Neither is Christianity the religion of custom, seeing that the changing traditions of men often modify the Word of God, from which it has been declared that "no jot nor tittle shall pass."

Christianity is not the religion of a human creed, remember- ing that plenary inspiration passed out with the apostles, and no· church has ever been competent to indite a document which shall improve on what the New Testament records once for all.

What then is Christianity? Christianity is the religion based on our faith in and our relation to a Person-a Person whose life was recorded faithfully by men w:ho knew Him in the flesh; a Person whose oneness with the Father was authenticated by many signs and wonders; whose winsome spirit was such as to draw to His side rich men, rulers, outcasts and little children; one who died that we might live; at whose exit the mountains were rent; and whose legacy opened up a fountain of hope for all people.

That Divine Person is none other than He who said, "I am the Way, the Truth, and the Life." JOHN JETER HURT, D.D.

WE REVIVE THE LAYMEN?*

BY THE REV. CORNELIUS H. PATTON, D.D.

Author of ""Go-d'8 Warld/) etc.

T WENTY-FIVE years ago, happened, he said: "We didn't do when a group of laymen met much else but pray. I never have in the Fifth Avenue Presby- attended such a meeting in my life.

terian Church of New York for It was the Haystack affair moved conference and prayer over the to New York. We organized not missionary situation, it was under a society but a movement. It will the pressure of the idea that the be interdenominational but will world had swung into a new posi- seek to place behind the various tion of missionary opportunity. boards the loyal and intelligent They felt that the time had come support of the men of the church- for the laymen of the Church to es."

stand by the cause of world evan- Conventions were held in the gelization in an organized and ag- leading cities of the United States gressive way. If the Church was and Canada and in multitudes of to enter into the new opportunities smaller places. The Movement had in a large and hopeful manner, the courage–shall I say the au- there must be the mobilization of dacity-to make those conventions the lay element in every denomina- self-supporting by charging admis- tion. sion. "What! expect men to pay In the minutes of that New York for attending a missionary meet- meeting, I find that, preceding the ing! Preposterous !" But they resolutions, were these statements: did, and that in astonishing num- WHEREAS, The greatly increased bers. Then came a series of conparticipation of the present genera- structive measures. More courtion of responsible business and pro- age; more audacity. When Camp- fessional men is essential to the widest bell White (the first secretary) and most productive use of the exist- proposed that the only way to suping missionary agencies, and is equally port missions church-wise was to vital to the growth of the spiritual make a house-to-house canvass of life at home, and the parish, and to have the canvass conducted by lawyers, bankers, WHEREAS, In the management of judges, and business men of large large business and political responsi- affairs and wide reputation, some bilities such men have been greatly of us gasped. "It can't be done; used and honored. Therefore be it they never will volunteer for serv- Resolved, Etc. ice like that." But the thing was These were not idle words. They done and in a few years the "Every were drawn up and signed by mEln of importance in the business and Member Canvass" became the acprofessional world. When Dr. cepted method of finance in every Samuel B. Capen (who became the progressive church. Let us hand first chairman) returned to Bos- the palm to the laymen of twentyton and informed me of what had five years ago for inventing a de- o Edited and Condensed from the original vice which no minister would have pa~~~e::;t. °li S~t~hia rs'.iir.es~. ~~~~!~r:,~ry dared suggest.

816 Alas! in 1919 it was decided, 1. By reading, study, discussion, after long debate, to merge the they must be made intelligent upon Laymen's Missionary Movement in world conditions as these affect the the Inter-church World Movement, prospects of Christ. Where are we with the result that the incentive in the progress of the Kingdom?

of this great enterprise was lost in What are the new forces, favor- the wreck of the attempt to cap- able and unfavorable, with which italize for missions and beneficence we have to deal? What changes the solidarity, the enthusiasm of are demanded in missionary atti- the War period, already on the tude, theory and procedure? What wane. are the demands of stewardship in The Central Division Committee a day like this? As Dr. J. H. Old- of the Laymen's Missionary Move- ham, of the International Mission- ment, with headquarters in Chi- ary Council, once remarked, "In cago, opposed the merger with the the Church, as in the political Inter-Church World Movement but realm, the future lies with the man after long debate adopted the fol- who thinks."

lowing: 2. The new movement, like the Resolved, That the Central Division old, should be interdenominational.

Committee suspend activities and ap- It should not be split up into affilipoint a Committee on Resumption which will be in readiness to under- ated denominational movements take its task as soon as the time may for men. The old Laymen's Misbe propitious. sionary Movement was seriously weakened by the denominations This committee called a confer- taking up the idea on their own ence in May, 1922, and voted to re- account, so that in many cases sume activities. The reorganized business men visualized the work committee was, however, hindered as merely denominational propain getting under way until 1927. ganda and the larger incentive was They have sought to conserve the lost. The laymen of today have it old name and to revive the old spir- in their power to reenforce imit. measurably the conception of mis- sions as the enterprise of a steadily Today we are living in a new unifying Church, one direction, at world of opportunity and of peril. least, in which we can dispose our The War has drawn a sharp line forces for the success of Christianthrough the history and program ity as a whole. of every political and social institution. The cause of foreign mis- A strictly interdenominational sions has been affected in notable movement also is free from the netways. A new generation has come work of restrictions and relationupon the scene. New attitudes are ships which characterize our purebeing formed. New theories pre- ly denominational efforts. For the vail. There are new laymen to be most part these are necessary, and enlisted, and they have the opportunity of the ages. within their sphere are of great In any attempt to rally our value, but there should be room for Christian laymen to a new and the free movement and initiative effective support of missions, the of unecclesiastical groups. The conditions of success appear to me genius of our business men has not to include the following: been exhausted by the invention of 2

the Budget and the Every Member blend of existing faiths. They will Canvass. think of Christian missions as the giving of the best–God's best–to 3. There is a demand for more a suffering world. A sympathetic intensive work in adult missionary approach to the peoples of other education than the old-time con- faiths, a glad and generous recogvention method makes possible. nition of high and permanent val- Big conventions may still have ues in other religions-yes, by all their value, but emphasis should means. But a reality-loving Chrisbe placed upon the reaching of tian business man, if he is to back smaller and more influential a world movement for Christ, will groups of prominent business men, do so because he believes the reand officers of local churches. ligion of Christ is supreme and final. 4. Our laymen will rise above the present timidity in appealing We believe that the time is ripe for money. They are dealing with for a revival of lay activity and inmoney all the time and are not itiative in behalf of missions at afraid to ask for it in a good cause. home and abroad. The movement They are not afraid of the word which started the Every Member promotion. They believe that Canvass and the Church Budget money, as the expression of per- and which has been instrumental sonality, is sacred. They realize in aligning tens of thousands of that in the cause of Christ it can business men in 'missionary belief be made immortal. and activity-the enterprise which inaugurated a new era of mission- 5. Finally, our laymen will be ary support-such a movement, if free from the weakness of present- again given a prominent place in day theological speculation. They our counsels and programs, may will want a motive and a message prove the means of leading us out that ring with the faith and the of the present wilderness of critioptimism of Jesus Christ. It is in- cism, hesitation and receding devoconceivable that they will fall in tion on the part of many in the with the idea that Christianity is Church. but one among many religions, or that the ultimate religion is to be a CHRISTIAN STEWARDSHIP Two brothers in New York went into partnership as bankers and brokers. One promised God that when he had accumulated a capital of $100,000, he w()uld retire from business and give the rest of his life to Christian work. He did so, and became one of the greatest Sunday-school workers in America. He was the author of many books on the Sunday school, and acted as the moving spirit in the Sunday-school world. He influenced hundreds of young people to go into Christian work and led thousands of boys and girls to give their lives to Christ. He did not leave much of an estate when he died but he laid up spiritual treasure on earth and in heaven.

His brother continued to give all his time to the banking and brokerage business, but all he left behind when he died was money. There was no evident print of sacrificial service.

Who served men and God best and which one left the largest heritage?

WORLD STEWARDSHIP

BY DAVID McCONAUGHY, D.D., Montclair, N. J.

Author of UMoney.. the Acid Tcst/' (("Mather Earth/' etc.

T HE foundations of the first at the zero hour in the Church of World Stewardship Confer- England. All other branches of ence, which met recently in the Church are ahead of us." Pro- the historic Tolbooth Church, viding himself with textbooks and Edinburgh, were laid several years pamphlets, he has set out to change before 'it opened. In December, that situation and an Anglican 1926, the General Assembly of the Stewardship Commission is now at United Church in India (North) work along this line.

invited the writer to assist in in- Baptist, Congregational, Anglistalling stewardship in its pro- can, Presbyterian, Primitive Meth- gram. Without knowing of this odist and Wesleyan missionary ex- action, the General Assembly of ecutives and the General Assem- the United Church in Korea sent blies of the Church of Scotland and a similar invitation. A little later Ireland are also taking steps in the a similar r~quest came from the same direction. Instructions were Evangelical Union of Churches in given to Scotch ministers to preach the Philippines and the National stewardship during the week of Council leaders in China and Ja- the World Stewardship Confer- pan followed. Across Asia, from ence. The like of this had not been Bombay to Tokyo at sixty-five cen- known in Great Britain before.

ters, I met in conference thousands The General Assembly of the of leaders of the younger churches Church of Scotland recommended to discuss the principles and meth- permanent provision for the incul- ods of stewardship. cation of Stewardship as a recog- On my way out to India, I nized part of the Church's prostopped in the British Isles to meet gram. This recommendation was groups of ministers and laymen in unanimously adopted.

Glasgow, Edinburgh, Dundee and The Stewardship Conference London, and as a result the pro- opened with a special service in posal was made to hold a World old St. Giles Cathedral, marked by Stewardship Conference in Great a stately dignity. Dr. Ware, Dean Britain. As a result the officers of of the Thistle and Chapel Royal, the International Association for preached on stewardship that Church Finances in Great Britain afternoon with great earnestness.

and the United Stewardship Coun- Among the notables taking part cil of America drafted a program in the conference was the Earl which came to fruition during the of Home, genial Chairman of the Conference which met in Edin- International Association for burgh last summer. Church Finances, who entertained The Venerable Archdeacon some 200 of the delegates at his Smythe, who was delegated from charming home "Birsel" out in the Anglican Church Assembly, the Scott country. It was remark- addressing the Church Assembly able that of the more than fifty at Lambeth said, "Stewardship is who had been assigned parts in the 819

program from near and far, the Four commissions in America had Hon. Lord Sands, who was over- been at work for months and their taken by blindness, and Dr. James reports came as a revelation to Black, prevented by an accident, most of those attending the conferwere the only expected speakers ence. An exhibit including some who were absent. Others who at- 300 titles of stewardship pamtended were: Sir William Hender- phlets (selected out of 1000 availson, Lord Polwarth, Sir D. Y. Cam- able) and 49 textbooks served to eron, Dr. John White, of Barony visualize what has been done in Church, Glasgow; Principal W. F. this field during a decade or two. Lofthouse of Birmingham; the On the other side, the first stew- Very Rev. J. Harry Miller, Edin- ardship textbook produced as yet burgh; Mr. Ernest Brown, M. P., has recently come from the press, who, judging by the masterly way "Studies in Christian Stewardhe conducted the session on "The ship" by Rev. D. W. P. Strang, World Challenge of the Church of M.C., M.A. of Edinburgh, who Today," will prove a leader to be made one of the strongest adreckoned with in Parliament; the dresses of the conference on "All Venerable Archdeacon Smythe, Life as a Stewardship." With this who missed nothing in the entire should be bracketed "The Chalprogram; the Dean of Armagh, lenge of the Growing Influence of one of the representatives of the the Material," by Ralph L. Cush- Church of Ireland; the Most Rev. man of Rochester, N. Y. W. J. F. Robberds, Bishop of Brechin and Primus of the Epis- The conference was designed to copal Church in Scotland; Canon be not only inspirational and edu- R. J. Mackay, of the same, who cational but also promotional in extook in everything; Mr. S. E. tending stewardship principles and Hodgkin, a founder of the Friends' practice. Conditions which have Trust, Ltd.; Mr. John B. Gotts, been ripening for some years were Chairman of the Congregational calling loudly for a cooperative Union of London; Dr. Adolph Kel- movement extending this neglected ler, of Geneva; Oberkansistarial- aspect of the Gospel to the younger rat Gustavus and Pastor Harney churches on the mission fields, as of Berlin; Mr. Bahari Lall Rallia well as to the older and desperately Ram, General Secretary of the Na- needy churches of Europe. Hithtional Council, Y. M. C. A. of In- erto no channel had been opened dia and Prof. A. M. Daula, La- to serve this purpose. What rehore, India. Of the Canadian del- sponse would the first World Stewegation may be mentioned only Dr. ardship Conference make? The W. M. Rochester, Chairman of the response was not merely in the Western Section, Pan-Presbyte- ringing addresses which marked rian Alliance, and Dr. Peter Bryce, every session, but in the definite both of Canada. Nine members of plan of action which emerged at the United Stewardship Council of the close, providing for concerted the U. S. A. and Canada attended action in which the stronger naand made valuable contributions; tional groups will aid the weaker, Agar, Crawford, Howser, Lampe, the world around. Out of the con- Long, Lovejoy, McConaughy, Myers and Mrs. James Duguid, Jr. ference there is to emerge a World Stewardship. Union, with a coun- cil to be resolved into two sections,

THE WORLD STEWARDSHIP CONFERENCE

one with headquarters in U. S. A., for Bible classes; a handbook for including council members resident office bearers. The Committee on in North, Central and South Amer- Education for the Ministry is ica, Bahamas, Japan, Chosen, asked to arrange for embodying China and the Philippines and an- Stewardship in pastoral theology other, with headquarters in Great literature for divinity students. Britain, including members resi- Presbyteries are asked to arrange dent in Europe, Western Asia, In- for speakers to present the subject dia, Burma, Ceylon, Malaysia, at their meetings and to appoint Australia, New Zealand, the action Stewardship committees to propaof either section to become effec- gate it among ministers and office tive only when ratified by the bearers. These and other measother. Thus ample scope for in- ures already adopted evidence the itiative is afforded, while preserv- thoroughness with which the ing the integrity of the organiza- Scotch churches are taking up this tion. vital matter. And· this is typical of the spirit in which the delegates In Scotland good progress is be- went down from the Tolbooth ing made in providing educational Church and away to the ends of material, such as textbooks, leaf- the earth with a new vision and a lets, posters, etc., for use in their new passion. congregations; articles in Life CLnd Work, youth magazines and the The story of the Conference has been isgeneral press; Sunday School syl- sued in a book which may be obtained through labuses for lessons and textbooks Mr. H. S. Myers, Secretary of the United Stew- ardship Council, U. S. A., 152 Madison Avenue, New York, at 60 cents a copy.

MISSIONARY GIVING Dr. A. L. Warnshuis of the International Missionary Council has prepared the following table showing the aggregate expenditures of the missionary societies cooperating in the national missionary organizations represented in the International Missionary Council for the years 1927 to 1929. The figures for 1930 and 1931 will probably show considerable decrease.

I i . Average I 1929 Aggrl'gate 1927 1928 : Roar I Expenditu:re EXChange, Reduced to Dollars Australia ………. ,£ 285,701 285,701' –2-85-,-7-01-21'4.86625 :-$-1-,-39-0-,2-9-2-.4-9 Belgium ………… Fr. 145,684' : 207,828 Ii 166.672 .. 0278 Denmark ………. Kr. 2,021,713 i 2,061.520 I 1,971,014 •. 268 4,820.38 Finland (2 societies) M. France …………. Fr. 540.926.38 Germany ………• :M. Great Britain …… ,£ 4,433,839 i 4,241,2891 4,691,507 'I .025185 112,212.90 Latin America ….. $ 3,835,834 3,381,966 3,980,402 .031)175 146,231.03 Netherlands ……. FI. 5,728,059. 5,860,400 6,086,209 .. 238 1,402,190.33 New Zealand ……. [ ,£ U. S. A. and Oanada' $ 2,349,502 . 2,308,704 2,295,021 4.86625 11,280,171.88 Norway ………… KI'. Sweden ………….. Kr. 4,402,657 3,700.1841 …… : 4.051,420.00 Switzerland ••…..• ! Fr. 1,385.317 1,350,564 1,179,000 .402 , 524,593.92 South Africa ••…•• j £ 95,000 96,950 96,9504.86625 i 468,619.88 31.346,972 27,515,956 28,523,939! …… i 29,128,956.00 33,,884974,.302070' 3,240.510 1,796,000 1.268 I 797,792.32 4,016,107 4,625,916 .268 : 1,115,715.36 1,594,925 1,322,887 1,507,203 .193 284,675.97 100,000 100,000 140,000 4.86625 I 551,506.71 $51,800.125.55 1 Figures for 1926. 2 Figures for 1927. 3 EXI'II1,sive of expenditure in Latin America.

WORKING MAN AND THE

BY THE REV. EDGAR M. WAHLBERG, Denver, Colorado Pa8tor oj Grace aon~munity ChU1"oh EVERY individual has a right this light the Church must confess to live completely the full that it has not adequately served range of creative possibility, the needs of the working man.

both as a unit and as a member of More often it has embarrassed him. society. Application to this right Too often in his darkest hour and involves specific interests and prob- most terrible need, the Church has lems. To the working man, the spe- refused to lift a finger in his becific application is largely tied up half.

with economic well being. Charity and philanthropy be- The Church dare not limit itself come a patch on the social fabric through which may still be seen the to purely religious problems; it hideousness of it all. In the presmust face also the ethical and prac- ent order, one cannot outrun ignotical if it is to help the working rance, superstition, injustice, sufman. Poverty may have led St. fering, exploitations, fears, hun- Francis into the Church and holi- ger, rags, awfulness. The best is ness; nevertheless, poverty leads often bad. Appearances do not a greater number away from the save. Worst of all, and over it all, Church. is the ever present and grim figure of privilege. In our confused social order, the Church cannot deny one of the two In order to help the working conflicting alternatives, paternal- man, the Church must endorse or, ism and trusteeship, or complete as Bishop McConnell has sugdemocracy. If the Church chooses gested, must baptize and take into the former theory, it is in easy its fellowship only that social orcompany and well entrenched. It der which the Church is sure has is then a free agency to inspire the been completely converted. The erection of philanthropic institu- working man must eventually meet tions and to spend increasing mil- his own needs. If these needs are lions in charity, without any seri- to be met through the Church, the ous analysis of the status quo. As working man must be in the such, the Church will have the full Church. He will not come to the confidence of the powerful, and can Church until his confidence is reenjoy frank optimism. Because stored. this theory is held by the dominant group, it will be complacently ac- Generally, the worker is outside cepted by many in all walks of life, of the Church, and where he is asincluding many working men who sociated with a workers' movemay find that the system does ment, he is prejudiced against the serve him to a certain extent. Church. To gain his confidence, the Church must know how labor If, however, the Church chooses thinks and feels. The intelligent complete democracy, its function is worker is certain that the Church far more difficult. Its effort may as a whole is influenced by the ultimately shake the foundations dominant economic life of the day, of long accepted institutions. In 822 and is unacquainted with his essen- effective these resolutions have tial needs or struggles. been may be indicated by a Social There are churches and church Service report in a Methodist Con- leaders preparing the way for a ference, in which the Commission new day of evangelization. Some undertook to discover the actual of these are as effective as any out- status of the "Social Creed of the side of the Church. They voice the Churches," and of the social mind- plight of the worker not as a victim edness of the conference member- of charity, but as a responsible ship. The questionnaire was sent agency in the creative genius and to 157 pastors representing all power of society. They stand for types of churches. The report fundamental adjustment and clearly indicated that fully "half change, offering labor a just place of the laymen are relatively indif- in the cooperative challenge of the ferent to the social implications of Church. They want labor to speak the GospeL" In spite of the dis- for itself, and they aim that labor ciplinary request that the social shall be heard. creed be read once a year, less than Some feel that this is flirting one-third of the churches gave any with radical propoganda. It is not attention to it. In still fewer as radical as it seems, if we recog- churches were the annual reports nize that' the function of the of the Social Service Commission Church is to christianize and to es- called to the attention of the con- tablish a Kingdom of God on earth. gregations. In less than half of Until today the christianization of the churches no particular atten- our capitalistic society has been tion seemed to have been given to largely the capitalization of Chris- social subjects in the educational tianity. An honest attempt to programs.

christianize the worker would A Social Creed Questionnaire bring the Church much nearer the highway of God. The writer, in teaching a course Bishop McConnell says: "The in "The Church and Industry" at trouble with all social systems is an Epworth League Institute, be- that they need Christian birth into gan the course with a social creed a new spirit. It is no doubt quix- questionnaire on the first day, to otic when a preacher tries to bring discover how much these Methodist labor radicalism into line with the young people were thinking about spirit of Jesus, but it is no more such matters. There were twelve quixotic than to attempt to get oil questions. Ninety-nine members kings, and steel kings, and meat of the class replied.

kings, and grain kings to rule pri- In answer to the question, marily for the service of the gov- "What do you think of Russia?" erned. It is a strenuous task, any only ten responded with even a suway you look at it, this task of in- perficial understanding. Most of stitutional regeneration and sanc- the opinions expressed indicated tification." * hearsay and prejudice, suggesting Most denominations have made every conceivable color, such as fairly definite pronouncements sug- "uncivilized," "infiuencing world gesting radical movements along for the bad," "primitive laws and the whole Church front. Just how ideas," "radical and dangerous,"

• LivIng Together," page 110. etc.

There were sixty-one different taken seriously its application to reasons given for the present de- the needs of the working man.

pression, ranging from war and The irony of it all was revealed over-production, to Hoover, pessi- in a delegation from a mining mists, Kaiser Wilhelm and Com- town, which, in desiring to be dis- munists. Blame for the depression tinct, dressed as miners, with extended from foreigners, inven- miners' caps. The members of this tors, gangsters, and multi-mil- delegation in the class in Industry, lionaries, to "Nobody, it was just came not from miners' homes, but time for one." Various remedies from the townsmen and business were suggested, such as "Needs no element.

change," "by not living so high and The Church cannot meet the fast," "putting bums to work," needs of the working man until it "system like Russia," "no use do- is working-man conscious. Even ing anything; poor are hopeless; the average American working don't know how to use what they man, not as yet class conscious and have." Fifty-five felt that some- aware of a class struggle, has only thing was wrong, and forty-five felt a nominal interest in the Church.

that there might be some kind of His support can be and is periodi- trouble or revolution. cally exploited by waves of occa- Seventy-two thought that there sional local enthusiasm. He isn't was free speech in America, re- prejudiced, and yet to him the gardless of what one might believe. Church doesn't make a lot of differ- In answer to the question, "Where ence. have you read anything about any of these questions recently?" thir- No wonder the Industrial ty-two had read nothing; others Church is a battle, even where for had gleaned their convictions from years the Church and the pastor the Literary Digest, Liberty, have consistently attempted to American Magazine, Popular Me- meet the worker on his own chanics, Saturday Evening Post, ground. Nevertheless, it is here The Denver Post, etc. Six men- that the Church is really beginning tioned the Epworth Herald. to meet the needs of the working man. For the time being, a work- Not one in the class was aware ers' church cannot be anything but of the "Social Creed of the Church- class conscious. To serve the es." Only one reported remember- worker means nothing less than to ing his preacher ever saying any- fight with him in his struggle for thing about the subjects. In re- fair play and justice.

sponse to the question on War, An Industrial Church in Denver seventeen were pacifists, forty-one Grace Church, Denver, through believed in disarmament, and thir- the leadership of Dr. George S.

ty-one in preparedness. Forty- Lackland, and Dr. A. A. Heist, has seven believed that prohibition was earned national recognition for its the major issue of the day. In intelligent and effective service to these two instances, there was evi- the working man. Here, labor is denced clearly the influence of the invited through the years to work Church. Certainly, this report, out its destiny. Wherever and however superficial it is, indicates whenever labor has needed an ex- that the Church has not as yet tra wheel, Grace Church has func-

THE WORKING MAN AND THE CHURCH

tioned. Such institutions as the With sinking heart I remembered Labor College, Labor Summer that these two gentlemen had can- School, etc., were established vassed Tony's neighborhood for through the cooperation of Grace church funds, and I thought that Church. Whenever free speech is here was a characteristic experi- threatened, the Denver Open Fo- ence, in which folks get angry rum has given the worker a chance when asked for money for the to hear and talk. Church.

In times of agitation and stress, I started to explain, when he in- whether in a strike, or the organ- terrupted, "N0, no, no, I mad ization of a cooperative, or a 'cause dey no ask me for no sub- Mooney-Billings mass meeting, scrip."

Grace Church is open for assem- My spirit revived, and I volun- bly. Gradually, suspicions have tered that I was an agent of the been lifted and the workers of Church, and could do for him that Denver, and many over the coun- which had been neglected. The try, are beginning to realize that Church received its first $5.00 in after all, the Church has a place in cash. I asked Tony why he didn't the sun. They find their young come to church, "Oh, I come some- . people intelligent and conversant, time. I come sometime," he said.

and surging with aspirations, "Yes," I retorted, "you come through discussion and study sometime and bring your wife."

classes, and the Cooperative and This induced an explosion, "No, Credit Union. no, no! My wife? No, no! My In it all, and around it all is a wife, she no good. She no spek spirit of worship, in which is prac- Englis, she no write Englis, she no ticed the prellence of God, and in good, but I come sometime."

which the principles of Jesus are "Yes," I said, "Be sure and evaluated, and a social gospel is come. Your wife is all right. She preached. There is planted a seed, can hear the music. You come now germinating, soon to grow. with her. Do you both good."

If the Church as a whole will heed, He grasped my hand, holding it statistics will be no matter. Men tight and drawing it gradually to will come by the thousands, proud his breast, so I could feel his heart and happy to own their Lord. beat. I shall never forget that Tony, an Italian, came running heart. It was the heart of a work- to me one day as I stood on a street ing man, pleading for all that was in the little coal mining camp of good. He said as no other could, Hiawatha, Utah. Tony, in New "I go to your Church once. I see York, might have been an efficient de cross in de front of de Church.

banana salesman, but he was a You my priest." Then desperate- miner and having a hard time of it. ly, and with tears, as if all the He called breathlessly, "Father world must hear, "Your cross, my Walgub, Father Walgub, I wanna cross."

talk on you." May this be so. May humanity "Come on Tony," I replied, be entirely released to live, to lift, "talk if you want, talk all over to sing, to laugh, to work, and to me." love, in a common joy, with grim "I mad, I mad, I mad, Mr. Rud- privilege, unmasked and converted, dy, Mr. Brady," he said in a rush, for the good of all men.

A MINISTER SOLVES

SINGLE-HANDED, the Rev. ninety days fr~m 75 to 345 persons, William T. Morgan of War- one substantial meal at noon, and rior, Alabama, set himself to many at breakfast. ThQusands of the task of removing 300 names of piecE*! of clothing have been distribunemployed from the charity list. uted to the needy. Used garments The miners had to be trained in un- and shoes have been repaired by his own workers. They now have a poultry plant com- plete w.~th a capacity of 750 fowls, and about 100 fowls are in the pens. Most of the men and their wives want t~ follow agriculture.

There is a garage for the accom- mQdation of young men studying the art of automobile mechanics. Other classes are maintained in shoemaking, carpentry, and furniture repairing.

There is a complete canning fac- tory, with a ·daily capacity of 2,000 cans. An experienced commercial canner instructs the students. There is also a large grist-mill which will soon be in operation. They will grind for the c~mmuni ty as well as commer- cial purposes. ..

One of the largest industries is the women's work. About seventy-five women and girls have enrolled for the sewing classes, which are specializing in quilts. About twenty-five different B y Court es" of the Literary Dige. t patterns of quilts are being made out T HE REV. WILLIAM T. MORGAN of new cloth.

familiar work for their day as coal- Nowhere in the country is a saner miners was ended. Mr. Morgan organized families into a commu- effort being made to solve the unemnity center and taught them agriculture, shoe-repairing, and other ployment problem. trades. School work is an important part of The Montgom ery Advertiser (Quoted in The Literary Digest) the experiment. Many of the resisays: dents, adults and children, are learn- He and his workers have cleared about twenty acres of land, have taken ing to read and write and are masterabout 75,000 feet of lumber from the timber out of which lumber the houses ing the rudiments of arithmetic. At needed have been built. The entire forty acres is now one large garden. the center there is a half-day of work Mr. Morgan has fed every day for and a half-day of schooling.

And all of this has been done with less than $3,000 in cash! There have been liberal donations of certain ma- terials, but the land had to be bought, and there- were unavoidable expenses which could be paid Qnly in cash.

This shows what leadership, courage, and enthusiasm will do to solve this great prOblem.

82(i

!ourfewy of The Literary Digest (See article p . 8t6

UNElfPLOYED MADE SELF-SUPPORTING BY MR. MORGAN IN ALABAMA HELPING HOMELESS WORKERS BY ADELA J. BALLARD We8tern Super,";8ar of M 'igrant Wo r k, Oaun(}/I of Wom en for !lame Mi s.ia"",, A LONG line of decrepit cars "You give foods till crop are were parked in front of the gone? Much families, and no of "General Merchandise" sign the moneys. You let buys for us?" of the small-town store. A group "Who you work for," asked the of nondescript individuals crowded clerk gruffly, "Did your boss sign the long room until the chatter was your slip?" The two men shook deafening and the air stifling. a despondent negative and the first Two growers pushed their way speaker replied: back through the throng into the office where the manager sat work- "He say 'not know us.' Next ing on the books. Children were year mebby he sign paper. Not here, there and everywhere. Two now. No work-no eat! We pay. races and a dozen nationalities Many childrens-all works. Got mingled amicably without a trace eight-ten-oh many children." of friction. Without more words the clerk Two men, obviously new Ameri- passed the assignment slip to the cans, stood hesitantly back while manager who happened to be passothers were selecting stores of ing with the two growers who had canned goods from the laden entered his office a moment before. shelves. Finally one of the two He glanced at the slip, eyed the approached the hurried clerk, hesi- pair appraisingly, asked to be tated, then took courage and asked shown the family cars and finally diffidently; nodded in affirmation, "Oh, give 'em five dollars worth of stuff, 'an 827

I'll see Gregg. They look like fair "You cannot shop in peace. You risks. Big nuisance this bunch, cannot even drive along the highbut I suppose if they pick they ways without encountering their have got to eat. disgusting camps," she finished ir- ritatedly. "Why let them?" He turned to the two men, "You see you pay! Be in here Saturday. At her elbow a townsman spoke Nothing more for you until Gregg quickly: sign your paper!" "Let them! Would you come out At this moment the door opened and pick berries for me? Mine are and a local woman entered the dropping from the bushes! I've got to get fifty pickers at once. If HELPING AN INJUR~JD CHILD IN THE we do not have three thousand of COTTON FIELD them in this valley we go broke. No one here will stick to the job. store. Utter disgust was in her Its no play work and the pay is attitude. "Why do you give credit rotten unless the crop is heavy. to such riffraff," she asked dis- I'm glad enough to see the bunch gustedly. "There ought to be a go. We get anything from small law against such people entering pox to leprosy while they are here the town. The school is full of but we've got to have 'em. Any them and we have to see our own pickers in this morning?" he asked children mixed up with them and the manager, who was also mayor, in with them. Public money should and Berry Growers Association not be spent on children who come president as well as a few other from outside our own county. No things. one knows what diseases they bring and as for morals-" words A fellow grower took up the failed her for the moment. woman's question.

"What are you going to do? You want your canned goods. You want the fruit which isn't raised in this locality. The work is all done by migrants. You local folk won't do the work. Migrants are a neces- sary evil. Let 'em work and get out. But I'll tell you one thing! We are not going to have a hang- over of ninety or a hundred fam- ilies for this town to support this winter. Fruit over, out they go. Cheaper to give 'em gas to get out than to have 'em hanging around in the berry shacks. If we cannot get 'em out any other way make 'em so uncomfortable they will be glad to get out. We've got to have 'em, but there's no sense in spend- ing money on them. 'On agin, off agin, gone agin Flannigan,' is my motto when it comes to pickers." He turned to the merchant-"!'ll

HELPING HOMELESS WORKERS

see you get your money, there now. A funny bunch, but more won't be much left for the poor decent than some. My wife said devils, but we have to protect our some of them went to church Sunbusiness men. Where do they come day night. That's got to stop. from? Every state in the union I We'll have epidemics all over the guess. Any kicks on the housing neighborhood if that keeps up." this year?" he asked the other grower. "Religion for pickers," laughed a newcomer. "They wouldn't know "Yep," the man growled impa- it if they met it. They probably tiently, "Two fools came down went to church just as they would from the state department this go to a circus. But we do sell a week. Sanitation! They don't know heap of stuff to 'em all told. I got how to use it when they have it. rid of two old cars to some who A CANNERY VACATION SCHOOL IN CHARGE OF A NURSE EMPLOYED BY THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME ",USSIONS I put a screen door on each cabin- came in last week. Pretty good they tie it back with a string. It price too. They wan't worth much, takes a policeman to make them but trust a fruit tramp to get the use the garbage cans. I put new last mile out of the old tin Lizzie. wash basins in the shacks and the Don't suppose they'll ever get the idiots use it to wash the kids faces balance paid for, but I can take it in the morning and to boil the pota- back at the end of the season and toes in at night! They are certainly have a new sale next year. Plenty a messy lot. Hope enough of them room in the old garage to store come in so we can pick today. I 'em." put 'three hundred wanted' on my ad. Don't suppose I'll need more The group separated as a crowd than a hundred and fifty, but as of pickers entered the door. The long as they keep coming I can sign "One thousand pickers wanted immediately" had lured them to pick and choose. Got fifty families the town. This was small, but the

thousands of acres of back country tion and poverty, coupled with held the greater part of the popu- inadequate housing and almost lation which demanded the migra- complete lack of sanitation makes tory group four months of the the health of the migrant worker year supplying the fruit which a menace to his own group and to kept another huge group of mi- any community into which he may gratory families busy in the can- enter. Many of the camps are not neries of a near-by city. immoral- they are frankly un- This conversation reflects rather moral. Literally thousands of the faithfully the attitudes, problems, children are born in the crops- the indifferences of the average many of them die there for the population of the average town mortality of the child in the sea- where the migratory labor groups sonal labor camp is very high. Few swamp all agencies for a few brief communities have a sympathetic months of the year or are a prob- attitude toward the migrant work- lem of the entire three hundred er – the situation is regarded as and sixty-five days of the twelve hopeless, although there are some months. Because of the reaction happy exceptions to this statement, on our future citizenship – for but these exceptions are usually in there is more than a million and localities where a religious agency a half of people in the U. S. whose has demonstrated that it is possible lives are conditioned by the crops to change conditions and that the -it is time we faced the problem migrant will respond to sympa- squarely. thetic friendliness.

This the home mission agencies With the tangle of races; the tried to do in Section XI of the jumble of creeds; the racial an- North American Hom eMissions tagonisms and the superiority com- Congress. From that Section came plexes, the task of meeting the some challenging conclusions: need of the migrant is a difficult First the general situation was one. For the Anglo-Saxon is not faced. Both religious and social the only one with a superiority workers sat in at the Conference, complex-sometimes one of the together they summed up facts: first duties of the worker is to We as a nation are fast becom- teach that "some Americans are as ing a highly specialized agricul- good as the people of other races."

tural country. This development And the home mission worker must has involved the bringing in of a acknowledge that the community vast number of seasonal laborers, and the grower have problems to many of them family groups. These face as well as does" the migrant people must shift from place to himself. We cannot ignore the place in order to have anything fact that much of our wealth and like continuous employment. For of our personal release from these shifting nomads there can be drudgery comes to us from the no normal home life; little of help- work of this group. Forty-three ful social contact with community millions of wealth comes into one life; even where compulsory school state alone through the work of attendance laws are enforced, the the seasonal laborer!

constant change of location pre- The need of this vast army of vents adequate educational oppor- people, not less than a million and tunity. The ignorance, supersti- probably many more than that is

an outstanding challenge to the far distant from organized church followers of Christ today, but the work. call is for a cooperative service: Cooperation financially has made Health, educational, social and it possible for the Council of Womreligious agencies must offer a en for Home Missions to transform united service if the need is to be the thinking of a few communities met, but the church must lead in where migrants throng. It needs community program and not fol- demonstration stations to convince low. It is folly to duplicate the the grower, the community, the work of other agencies-the func- church, that new ideals can enter tion of the church is to sanction migrant camps; that lives can be where other agencies have better transformed; that the problem of equipment for the task and to sup- the grower can be lessened and betplement by fostering community ter service gained if camps are sentiment in enforcement cam- made habitable, health conditions paigns and the educating of com- bettered and moral training given. munity attitudes. Denominational It is the cooperative service that competition must be forgotten that the grower welcomes, he wants no denominational cooperation may divisive effort in his camp, but a offer service: That the church may Christian service wins respect; he serve there must be welcomes the Christian teacher, nurse, and friendly visitor who will Intelligent cooperation with secular migrate with the migrants. Where agencies. the grower welcomes he supports the work. More adequate training for ministers and workers entering rural fields. The church must lead in trans- forming the thought of communi- Willingness to allow the home mis- ties; in making possible the assion agency best fitted for the work similation of the migrant into the to occupy the field. community life, we must first make this life attractive to him be- A Christlike attitude on the part fore you can make him desire it! of Christian people. This can be done only through in- timate contact with "living epis- Home training which will allow tles," radiating the love of Him friendship projects with the alien on who came to serve. Only the our doorstep as well as with the child church can change the tragedy of across the sea. the life of the migrant and make of him an asset instead of a men- Education within the church group ace to the national life of America. which will stress the economic values of the work of the migratory group– The answer to the question, "Who is the racial contributions and the in- my neighbor?" must take in all the dividual worth and the potential pos- children of men, whatever their race, sibility of the migrant child. color or creed.-William Lyon Phelps.

Protective legislation and enforce- We measure the greatness of a man ment to insure the migratory worker by what he does in adversity.-A. W. the rights, protection and environ- Beaven.

ment which should be the right 0-1 every citizen.

An adequate financial support for the agencies such as the Council of Women for Home Missions, the Home Missions Council, etc., in the putting on of surveys and programs in fields

MISSIONARIES USE THE

BY HUBERT W. PEET, London, England Editor 01 the Far and Near Pres8 Bureau M ANY missionaries in far dis- with others living in isolated spots. tant lands find in wireless a In the New Hebrides advance in- new means of refreshment, formation of coming storms is spiritual, mental and recreational. greatly helping the missionaries in "The wireless keeps us from becom- breaking down belief in witchcraft ing old fogies and 'moss-backs,'" and the rain-maker. An Indian said one man living in the forests missionary says that during King of the Amazon. The chief obstacles, George's illness he was pestered for apart from expense, are atmospher- daily reports of the King's health ics; difficulty regarding recharging by the people of his village.

batteries, as in Tristan da Cunha; This same missionary takes his or the climatic effect on the receiv- home-made four-valve set with him er. The Bjshop of Melanesia says when he visits other villages in everything soon goes rusty in his Bengal. He puts up his aerial in part of the world. On the other the palm trees and listens to the hand, in Persia, Bishop Linton's afternoon Bengali program from difficulty is that the Baku Station Calcutta. The villagers crowd jams Daventry in three languages! round his loud-speaker to listen be~ Missionaries, in some fields, are fore he begins preaching and teach- among the few people who are able ing.

to listen to the events "the day be- The most ambitious missionary fore they occur !" For calendar pur- use of wireless in India is the poses the day is deemed to begin at scheme being carried out by Mr.

the 180th meridian which runs Harold H. Peterson, of the Y. M.

from Behring Sea to the South C. A., Lahore. Their Radio Club Pole: New Zealand is on the west last year obtained a transmitting of this line, and the Cook Islands license from the Indian Govern- are on the east of this Date line. ment, permitting them to broad- Before the sun sets in the Cook cast on 340 metres with a power of Islands area, it is heralding the 100 watts. Their station is entirely next day of the month in New Zea- home-made and their programs land. Thus when it is still Satur- cover an area of over fifteen hun- day night with the missionary in dred miles. In addition to their the Cook Islands he and his island- own stUdio in the Y. M. C. A. build- ers can listen to the Sunday morn- ing, they have wires running to the ing service being broadcast in New Forman Christian College and to Zealand! When the Rugby team the Lahore Telephone Exchange.

play a test match in Wellington, They can thus pick up and broad- New Zealand, on Saturday, the re- cast valuable lectures and talks, suIt is heard by wireless on Friday both in English and the vernacular, in Cook Islands. given elsewhere than in the studio.

This opportunity of getting news Dr. Lindsay, Master of Balliol Col- by radio is one of the great advan- lege, Oxford, dUring his recent visit tages which missionaries now share to India, spoke on Adult Education, 832 and three members of the Indian ast, four hundred miles from the Round Table Conference on their coast in Central Africa, reports return, gave accounts of their ex- "static is as bad as anywhere on periences in England. This is a earth." After he had made a short- wonderful piece of work, especial- wave set, he began to pick up code ly as all the operations and main- messages from amateurs from all tenance are carried out by inter- over the world; Australians in the ested amateurs, British, American afternoon; South Africans and and Indian. Englishmen in the evening; Amer- Another interesting example of icans in the early morning. One the missionary use of wireless is at evening he heard the Queen of the the School for the Deaf, belonging Netherlands opening a new Dutch to the Church of England Zenana station. The two British Stations Mission at Mount Lavinia, Ceylon. are heard plainly and Nairobi, in By the use of what is called an "os- East Africa, comes over well. He siphone," those who can hardly also hears American stations. This hear ordinary speech are able to was all done on a home-made set, listen to wireless programs. . constructed, as he said, of "any old Excellent educational work is also junk." He never had more than being done in some parts of China, three fairly good. valves. He made although in certain remote districts his condenser out of some pieces of the uneducated fear that the aerials brass washboard and a broken are some devilish form of entangle- photographic developing tray; he ment! improvised other gadgets out of At Jefferson Academy, a mission- odds and ends. For a time he re- ary school twelve miles from Peip- made his batteries by adding zinc ing, a Chinese gentleman, Mr. Eu- and sal-ammoniac to old ones. Later gene J. Fan, is responsible for two he constructed a small dynamo, weekly broadcasts from the school, driven by a water-wheel, and cut up power for the transmission being an old motor battery which he obtained from the Peiping Tram- mounted in test tubes and charged.

ways plant. These programs are The authorities in the district-it picked up by the workers from the was not British territory-were school and also by the village very suspicious of what he was do- churches. Mr. Fan has taught ing, but his success is an indica- many of the boys how to make sets tion of what a missionary, who is of their own, through which they also a wireless enthusiast, may ac- pick up Chinese and Japanese sta- complish.

tions. The Japanese broadcasting Anglican and Roman Catholic system is well developed, and mis- missionaries in East Africa are sionaries are not infrequently in- hoping great things from the de- vited to·speak or preach over them: velopment of educational programs Missionaries on the Gold Coast at the wireless station at Nairobi, of West Africa set their clocks by in Kenya Colony. Some of them Big Ben, in London, but over a can pick up stations as far afield as great area of Africa, atmospherics Java and Australia, but such pro- and the small number of broadcast- grams are of little educational ing centers prevent missionaries value for African listeners.

making much use of wireless pro- Another wireless expert, Mr.

grams. One experienced enthusi- George Kirby Raws, of Liverpool, 3 went out to help Mr. Kendall Gale veloped wireless service in the in a very undeveloped part of northern parts of Australia in con- Madagascar. They get European, nection with its medical centers.

American and South African sta- Each post is. equipped with a wire- tions. Mr. Gale says that it is dif- less outfit through which it is pos- ficult to express what it meant to sible to communicate with their fly- listen-in to a Birmingham concert ing doctor at his center hundreds and to think that his wife and chil- of miles away. At first the great dren in that city were probably difficulty was how to provide a listening-in too. The fact that he simple type of generator for the can hear the preacher breathing transmission of messages. The and some of the congregation Mission solved the problem by the coughing, as he did recently during use of an apparatus, the power for a Westminster Abbey broadcast which is generated by the operator service, seems to eliminate the dis- with a pair of pedals, as if he were tance between Madagascar and cycling. Today the isolated mis- England, and make him a worship- sionaries and nurses can get advice per in London. and help with very little delay. A The more primitive of the Afri- letter from a missionary in the can tribes; who have been able to Gulf of Carpentaria tells how his listen-in to some missionary's set, receiving and transmitting set has soon tire of this white man's won- broken down his feeling of isola- der. They appear to prefer the tion. Last autumn he sent out by gramophone, which is a more un- his transmitter a description of the derstandable mystery, especially as symptoms from which he was suf- the number of records in native fering and shortly afterwards he languages is rapidly increasing. received a message that the remedy One of the first "wireless" instal- was on its way by aeroplane to lations in the Far North was at the catch the boat which visits his is- Moravian Mission School at Nak- land every four months.

kovik, Labrador. It came in re- Missionaries in the Fly River sponse to a Sunday afternoon talk area of New Guinea, where· James six years ago, when Captain Jack- Chalmers was murdered, now pick son mentioned the need for a re- up Australian programs. In the ceiving set. More than one church Gilbert Islands, some of the most in Newfoundland now broadcasts lonely in the Pacific, the Beru Sta- services which are picked up by tion of the London Missionary So- fishing fleets, and by missionaries ciety has a wireless transmitter and settlers in the Far North. In and is able to communicate by Alaska, the missionary at the Pres- Morse Code with the Government byterian Mission at Anchorage, and Phosphate Commission wire- regularly puts his services "on the less operator on Ocean' Island.

air" for the benefit of scattered lis- Last year five hundred Gilbertese teners in those Arctic regions. Bibles were wanted in Beru, so a Frequently wireless brings aid to wireless order was sent via Ocean sufferers in the mission field. In Island and Sydney to the Bible Australia both air and ether enter House. The books were delivered into the regular programs of work by the "John Williams" only four- undertaken by the Australian In- and-a-half months later, whereas land Mission, which has a well-de- ordinarily it would have taken over

SHALL WE ADVANCE?

a year between the sending of the right,' and I've been a Christian message and the delivery of the ever since." This lady later had Bibles. The workers on Beru now evidence of the reality of the new know when they may expect a visit life this man was living, for he was from the "John Williams," or what known everywhere for his truthhat! happened when she is late. worthiness.

A lady who was visiting the In refreshing men and women Pyramids in Egypt asked her in their loneliness in the mission camel~driver if he were a Chris- field with news, amusement, as well tian, "Yes, now," he replied. as services, and as an instrument "Last year, went to England with for the dissemination of knowledge my master. On wireless I heard and the spread of the Christian of Jesus Christ. I heard nothing Message, wireless has an increasbut a voice. I go on my knees and ing part to play in building the I say 'Here am L' Jesus said 'All Kingdom of God.

SHALL WE ADVANCE?

T HE modern missionary move- than when Dr. Wainwright went to ment is more than a century that country forty years ago. old and marvels of spiritual triumph have attended its course. It is not cause for discourage- Millions of people have been con- ment that evangelization is so far verted to Christ; other millions from complete in the world. While have been given Christian educa- the increase of population has outtion. Other millions have been run the increase of Christians, the blessed through its healing agency; influence of false religion has not other millions who have not pro- kept pace with the influence of fessed conversion have been in- Christianity. The world never fluenced by its lofty standards. needed Christ and His Gospel more than men need Him today. These Some people at home, who can- are stirring times and, unless the not make an intelligent appraise- course of events is steered by ment of the situation, are inclined Christ, disaster impends. to conclude that the end of the enterprise must be near at hand. This is the time for advance all Such a conclusion is far from the along the line. The Church of facts. There are 100,000,000 more people in India today who have no Christ has every facility for conmore idea of the meaning of quest, except consecration. Let Christ's name than there were there be a holy abandon to the when William Carey started the work of winning the whole wide modern era of missions. world to God and full dependence on Him, and the Kingdom will There are more people in Japan move forward with greatly accelerwho have no~ heard the Gospel ated step. – Wesleyan Christian Advocate.

FORWARD MOVEMENT IN JAPAN *

BY TOYOHIKO KAGAWA, Tokyo, Japan T HE Kingdom of God Move- correspondingly, and in the period ment is the third great na- of two and one-half years up to tional evangelistic campaign July, 1930, I have received as many in Japan since the turn of the cen- as fifty thousand decision cards.

tury. Though in both of the pre- During a recent trip of only a little vious campaigns some denomina- over a month to North Japan and tions participated, some remained Saghalien, I have had about four outside. This time excepting the thousand cards signed in my meet- Roman and Greek Churches and ings.

the new Holiness Church which It is evident that the Kingdom has hardly had time yet to "find it- of God Movement was launched at self," all the denominations of any the right moment. If we had size are participating, represent- waited until this year to start it, ing a total of more than two hun- it would have been too late. Get- dred thousand believers altogether. ting started before the anti-reli- This campaign is thus more ade- gious movement had gathered mo- quate and more unanimous than mentum it headed it off from the any previous one. beginning, and is already nation- Moreover, the nation is ripe for wide in its influence for Christ.

a great forward Christian move- Consequently Imperial University ment. Millions of people who want professors are commenting on the to believe in the Gospel are remain- belated anti-religious movement, ing unreached. To this fact I can calling it unnatural and expecting testify from my personal experi- that it will not enlist much public ence. After the earthquake of support.

1923 I preached for one hundred The gratifying numerical re- and twenty-four successive nights ports of the Kingdom of God Move- in the various churches of Tokyo, ment should not, however, be mis- and received about 5700 decision interpreted. I have been told that cards from those who had decided some of our friends are counting for Christ in the meetings. In up the statistics and computing 1926 I preached in Osaka and re- the possibilities of winning a mil- ceived about nine thousand; and lion new baptized Christians to in 1927 I travelled about Japan and the churches within the three-year received fifteen thousand. From period of 1930-1932. If the million June, 1928, to June, 1929, I re- are to be won in three years, the ceived . twenty thousand. Mean- first year and a half which is al- while I had become so convinced ready passed should yield a half by these experiences that Japan is million! And by what magic can ready for the Gospel that I ap- the last year and a half of the cam- pealed to the church, and it de- paign be made to bring forth the cided to take up this matter. Since great majority which must be won then the numbers have kept up before the million mark is at- • ICrom the .lapan Ohrl.tian Quarterlv. tained! If anyone is in such a 836 pitch of anxiety, I hasten to dis- days is rapidly corning to its peabuse him. Three years is not riod of effective expression. nearly long enough to win the million, and it was never my idea of A Christian society, and nothing doing so within that period. less, is the goal of the Kingdom of God Movement. Our aim is the What is the Kingdom of God thoroughgoing christianization of Movement? Is it the three years our community. We want to reof cooperative evangelism now be- vive the Koinonia of the early ing conducted by the various de- church, as recorded in the Acts. nominations, organized in some This wonderful early Christian ninety district committees, operat- fellowship, based on a spontaneous ing under the Kingdom of God practice of the principle of the Movement Central Committee? Cross in social economics, was too evanescent. Yet because of it the No. This three-year campaign apostles were able to give their tesis merely one of the elements in timony to the Resurrection "with the total Kingdom of God Move- great power." We shall not regain ment and but a preliminary one. the fulness of their Pentecostal ex- If it serves to unify the denomina- perience until we have re-incartional differences sufficiently to nated Incarnate Love in an organcreate a habit of cooperation in a ization of society embodying the nation-wide Christian program, best light that has been vouchsafed my hopes for it will have been sat- by the Spirit of God through the isfied. two thousand intervening years of human labor and intellectual striv- When the 1930-1932 three-year ings. period shall have been completed, I look forward to what will be the It is idle to speculate as to when real Kingdom of God Movement. the million new baptized Chris- By that time I hope the churches tians will be won to the churches. will be able to work shoulder to They will corne when the church shoulder in carrying out the va- reforms itself so as to fit their rearious elements of the program-a sonable expectations. They are program which is based in every facing the problem of unemploydetail on tested experience. ment. What has Christ to offer them? They are facing the in- Reinforcing the Chw:ch creasingly desperate struggle for existence even while retaining jobs The church should be ready to at ever-lessening wages. They are work as a unity (though the old facing Marxism, with its immense denominational machinery be still concrete experiment before their unchanged, except by the happy eyes in near-by Russia. They loss of its competitiveness): and know more about Marxism with this unit of several hundred thou- its economic program than do most sand Christians will not be work- church members. Unless the Kinging alone. It will be reinforced by dom of God Movement offers a betthe Labor Movement, the Farmers' ter program of economics-better Union, the Proletarian Political in theory, better in sustained ac- Groups, and to a large extent by tion-than . does the Soviet, they the Government itself. To this cannot be expected to flock into the impressive array of constructive forces should be added the Wom- churches. an's Movement, which in these

Is there anything better, as a profit-seeking on an individualistic method of emancipation, than the level, our world has hardly adgrim effectiveness of violent revo- vanced beyond the jungle-stage. lution? To some whose patience is We have applied science to the exexhausted history speaks in the ploitation of natural resources; negative. They point to the long but not yet to the organization of record of wars for freedom. I am production, distribution, credit, startled at the number even of ear- and consumption of manufactured nest Christians, in China, in the prodUcts. We must hasten to take United States, and elsewhere, who the next step, of organization of are today turning toward the Rus- all these processes, and of their resian method as a solution. The sulting human relations. Kingdom of God Movement has abundant historical precedent. Marx fails to show us how to do History has hidden its most pre- this. His idea is merely on the cious nuggets beneath those over- old fighting level. He has no proemphasized records of political gram for the future. It is to the wars and doctrinal controversies. Kingdom of God Movement that Bit by bit we are unearthing this we must look for future programs. priceless history of Love, of the brotherhood movement, which has Our Canadian friends are startbroken out again and again in spite ing a Kingdom of God Movement in of all opposition,-from the second Canada-stimulated by the Kingchapter of Acts onward. Even dom of God Movement. They are the communist movement itself is defining their movement as a a perverted imitation of that great search primarily for the expression Christian fellowship! of the mind of Christ in economics.

The Effect of Marxism The precedents from history af- forded by the brotherhood move- Though its immediate results ment provide us with the methods are remote from that early ideal, of economic and social organizaeventually we shall learn to be tion in which the mind of Christ grateful even for the coming of is manifest. And here again Marx Marxism. When in the tenth cen- helps us. For his followers in tury Christianity lost its purity, Russia, starting out with a pro- Mohammedanism came and puri- gram of violent suppression of the fied Christianity. When in the cooperati.ves, promptly reacted to nineteenth century Christianity reality, and reversed their plans to forgot the poor, Marxism came the revival of the Russian type of and caused us to think of them. cooperatives, within four years of If we had practiced the Cross of the start of the Revolution. Can Jesus, there would have been no we Christians react with equal need for Marxism to come. flexibility?

Marx was a social pathologist. Are we Christians to give up our He has made a diagnosis of the religious program and substitute evils of the present order and for it economic propaganda? By shows us that everywhere its eco- no means. I hope that Christians nomics lack organization. Owing all over this country will increasto the laissez fai1'e system and the ingly become leaders in the indigeacceptance of competition and nous system of cooperatives al- ready in existence in Japan. This they can do mostly as an avocation,

THE FORWARD MOVEMENT IN JAPAN 83!J

without surrending any of their which I hope to win the authorities religious and other duties. But in the medical field, the physicians they must first become educated in themselves, to a program of socio- the Cooperative Movement. A na- economic cooperation, and conse- tion-wide Mutual Aid Sick Coop- quently by the force of their ex- erative Insurance Society is to be ample to convince the laity includ- organized throughout the churches ing the church members. The suc- of Japan, federated in one national cess of this medical cooperative had society. Through this Society for been assured by two factors: by sick-benefits, the church people Dr. Nitobe's consenting to head it; will see the vision and learn the and by the personal life-consecra- genius of the cooperative move- tion of four physicians, all special- ment. Thus introduced to it, they ists in various fields and possessors may be expected to lay hold, also, of higher degrees in medicine.

upon the organization of other so- These men, Dr. Kato, Dr. Hirose, cial services besides sick benefits; Dr. Hattori, and Dr. Sunada, men old age pensions; educational co- in their forties, are at their prime operatives for the education of and possessors of lucrative private children; mothers' pensions; un- practices. Nevertheless, at the employment insurances, etc. They April 20th, 1931, meeting of the may be counted on also for leader- Physicians' Utility Cooperative, ship in the organization of the they circulated a manifesto declar- central economic processes of pro- ing their joint consecration to the duction, distribution, credit and new movement, a testimony to the consumption-in producers' util- early influence of the Y. M. C. A.

ity, credit, and consumers' coop- upon them during their student erative unions. days.

We have enough of these various The immediate objective of the types of cooperatives already in ex- movement is a Cooperative Hos- istence in Japan, and enough of a pital to be located in Shinjiku, tendency to cooperative inherent in with branches to be established in our national fabric, to guarantee various parts of Tokyo Fu, begin- the result, if Christians will put ning in Honjo Ward. Medical into their management both sacri- costs will thus be reduced to the ficial and skilled devotion. Thus minimum and made available to the we have ready the Christian equiv- great middle classes who otherwise alent of Marxism and something can hardly afford to call a physi- that goes far beyond it in philoso- cian. At present only the very phy and effectiveness. For it is rich, or such of the very poor as doubtful whether a society founded get free treatment, may be said to on the principle and practice of have adequate care, medically dictatorship will ever be able to speaking. When the Tokyo coop- apply fully the principle of coop- erative gets well started, we can eration. start all over the country, espe- Medicine and the Kingdom cially in the 2909 villages which are entirely without medical pro- I have therefore decided to con- vision.

centrate effort first on starting Is the Kingdom of God Move- what may be called "The Kingdom ment to cease to be a program of of God Movement in Medicine" by preaching in order to become a

program of economics? By no both sides. Christianity is a Gos- means. The Kingdom of God pel for society as well as for the Movement includes both of these individual. This is the literal activities and is primarily a pro- teaching of the Sermon on the gram of organization. Its first Mount.

year of 1930 saw the organization We know that there are Chrisof preaching in new methods of tian individuals everywhere who evangelism, of which the a. b. c. are not living as Christian citizens. was interdenominational coopera- Many of them are making comtion. Its second year of 1931 is promises with existing economic seeing the organization of Gospel conditions. They are not living up schools to train lay preacliers, both to the declaration Jesus Christ rural and urban. Eventually we made at Nazareth. If they would hope to augment the ordained live up to the true meaning of the clergy by five thousand of such Gospel, there would be no room volunteer workers, trained in the left for Communism. Gospel schools, but able to work at their own charges. Some mysticism is individualis- tic; some is inclined to be emo- By no means shall we lessen the tional, and some, traditional. If emphasis ,on evangelism, which we have mysticism we should make will go on with ever-increasing it ethical mysticism. This was the force as the Gospel schools send distinction between true and false forth their graduates. In 1932 I prophets in Old Testament times. look forward to the organization The reason why the Greek Cathof Christian cooperatives, one by olic Church and religious values in one, beginning with the Physi- general are despised in Soviet Ruscians' Utility Cooperative which is sia is because the Russian State described above, and of which the Church laid emphasis on individfirst unit, the clinic, opened in Sep- ualistic experience and not social tember, 1931, while the hospital is standards. not scheduled to open until two years later. As soon as Christian Christ laid emphasis on social- public sentiment makes it possible ized individuality, as contrasted we hope to follow this Physicians' with egoistic individualism. But Cooperative by one for the laity, unfortunately after the industrial the Mutual Aid Sick Insurance So- revolution came to the world, indi- ciety for church members. And vidualistic competition outside the then on into all the phases of the Church carried the whole culture cooperative movement, using those toward egoism and secularism. If already organized by the govern- we could have managed the great ment, etc., whenever possible. industrial revolution according to Unless Christ is made the centre Christian motivation, this world- of the social movement and of the wide catastrophe would not have religious movement, Japan will taken place. Jesus Christ is today never be saved. The Church in the saying to us, "The Kingdom of past laid emphasis more on the in- God is near; believe in the Gospel, dividual experience of Christ than and repent!" Repent from what?

on making Christ manifest in so- From egotistic individualism, to so- ciety. The Sermon on the Mount cial ethical mysticism, as embodied gives a well-balanced picture of in the Kingdom of God Movement.

LIFE IN AFRICA

AMERICA BY LILLIAN OYLER, Ontario, Oregon .A Mi88ionary in the Sudan and La·ter in Oregan ; FTER twenty-four years' ex- roundings or personal appearance.

flperience as a foreign mission- As a rule, British officers are very ary in Africa, I am now a careful to observe the conventions home missionary in one of the Pa- of refined society and so preserve cific Coast States. We have some- their self-respect, and the respect times heard these two spheres of of the natives. It is even more work contrasted as to importance important that missionaries of and the sacrifice involved. Christ should consider even more It is my conviction that any for- carefully their personal appear- eign missionary makes very little ance and their home life so that personal sacrifice compared with they may lead others to a better that made by the parents who face life. Clothing and household equip- the vacant chair. ment need not be expensive, but At times the cost of living at they should be clean and appro- home is contrasted with that in a priate.

foreign mission field. We have It is true a foreign missionary, found that it costs our family of in some fields, misses congenial four twenty-five per cent more to social life, but it is equally true in live in the sage-brush country of home mission fields. In both fields, Western America than it did on missionaries find it possible to the plains of Africa. The home of create their own enjoyment, and to one who seeks to lead others to a find some method of relaxation higher plane of living, must be a and recreation.

center of C h r i s t ian culture, As to health at home and abroad, whether his living quarters consist Africa is often called "the white of one room or an entire house. All man's grave." True, a tropical who come to that home must find jungle is not a country for a care- there a sincere welcome and this less foreigner, nor for one indif- means added expense. I remember ferent to use common sense. E.

that on one particular trek in Alexander Powell, has well said, Africa we were the guests of an- "A European of average physique other missionary family for a has comparatively little to fear month. Whether we were living in from the diseases of the Congo if a small barge on the river, or were he will practice moderation in all camping on shore in a small hut things, take as much exercise as mad e of coarsely-woven grass possible, keep his body clean, wear mats, within five minutes after his helmet in the sun and mosquito each move that missionary mother boots in the evening, drink water gave to our surroundings a real that has been both boiled and fil- touch of home. tered, sleep under a mosquito net, On the foreign mission field one take quinine either daily or when- is sometimes tempted to think, ever he feels run down, and re- "Oh, anything will do" as to sur- frain from needless worry."

841

One handicap or difficulty that are few and far between, and a foreign missionary must face is worse still, the local schools are the acquisition of the language of usually inefficient and there are no the country or tribe in which he funds to send the children else- works. In many cases this duty is where.

irksome, but to or~ who takes joy For some reason generous indi- in learning to speak a foreign viduals seem much more inclined tongue such work is a delight. to supply extras-such as automo- Even a home missionary must biles-to foreign missionaries than become accustomed to the vernacu- to those at home. Friends and lar of those among whom he works. supporters look upon a worker Both at home and abroad the mis- from foreign fields on furlough as sionaries must acquaint themselves a hero, and give applause which is with the customs and the sur- seldom given a home missionary roundings of their parishioners. who has labored as faithfully al- To the human mind there is a though more inconspicuously.

great contrast between the sins of All missionary work demands Oriental or African countries with much time for Bible study, and the those of so-called Christian lands. daily cultivation of spiritual life.

The evils met in foreign lands and Good literature or a "hobby" can the sins of civilized nations are be utilized as a "safety valve" and all evil in the sight of God, but enables one to accomplish far more one should take into consideration than by continuing on a daily that sins of non-Christian people grind. It is, however, even more are often committed in the name difficult to do this in home mission of their religion, while in Chris- fields than in many foreign lands.

tian lands every evil thought and Both at home and abroad there deed is in direct disobedience to the are humble followers of the Lord teachings and spirit of Christ. Jesus from whom we can learn The salary of a home mission- much in prayer, and there are ary is usually considerably less many souls hungry for sympathy than that of a foreign missionary. and encouragement.

In addition as a rule the traveling There are thousands across the expenses of a foreign missionary seas who have never heard the are paid, including vacation or fur- Gospel, and who are "waiting for lough allowance. A certain sum is the messenger of God who cometh also provided for outfit and freight late." In many foreign fields the charges to the field. Children have indigenous church has reached the a certain allowance made from stage where it is almost autono- birth until the child finishes its mous and where the native Chris- education. Most foreign missions tian forces are doing much of the also have schools, partly financed work for the unevangelized.

by the Foreign Board, to which A recent report of The Home the children may be sent. Missions Council of North Amer- A home missionary in America, ica tells us that, "there are 10,000 however, receives only a monthly communities in America without salary and a portion of his travel- churches of any kind, 30,000 vil- ing expenses to his new field of lages without a resident pastor of labor. This system often works any faith, and 13,400,000 children hardship. Vacations and furloughs under 12 who are receiving no re-

MISSIONARY LIFE IN AFRICA AND AMERICA

ligious instruction whatever." It to let our light shine abroad it is is not difficult for a home mission- clear evidence that it is burning ary to believe such startling state- dimly at home. The rays of our ments. Weare located in a district Christian influence will be weak as large as the State of Vermont across the seas if we fail to begin for which our little struggling con- at Jerusalem. We must first pray gregation is responsible. The for cleansing in our own hearts county contains many villages scat- and lives. If every life and family, tered here and there, with only and community could reflect Christ eleven organized congregations of and would manifest the power of various denominations, served by the Holy Spirit, then the world eight resident ministers, and less would soon be evangelized. than one thousand members. It is more difficult to secure active LITTLE POEMS BY LEPER Christian workers among these CHRISTIANS members than among Christians in foreign fields. The carelessness Interpreted by Lois Johnson Erickson, and indifference are appalling. The Taka-matsu, Japan excuses given for absence from services ar.e as unconvincing and The leper patients at Oshima as untrue as those which we heard have a "Poetry Club" which is one of their greatest sources of pleasin Africa. ure. The Christians print their In this vast county we find con- poems in their monthly magazine and have published enough to make ditions such as are reported by a several volumes. The following fellow missionary in an adjoining poems are from the magazine, and county where many of the young are by different lepers whose folks from twenty to twenty-five names are placed after the several years of age have never previously verses. Each verse is a complete heard a sermon, and many children poem.-Editor of the Presbyterian do not know what a church is. One Survey. family confessed that it was the first time they had heard a minis- The red flame of Jesus' blood ter pray in eighteen years! Back Turns all my frozen heart to fire! in the hills there are hundreds of families who have no means of *** transportation except on horseback, or in a wagon, and they must The soul who knows his God, travel over rocky trails instead of Though of earth's smallest things, on surfaced roads. Up to the great wide heavens The real difficulties and hard- May mount on wings! ships in home missions and foreign missions are not very different. * * .. They are equally important and one cannot exist without the other. Heartily row, children of God, The foundations of foreign work Put forth your strength, are in home missions and if we Face storm without fear neglect to strengthen our stakes at Heed not wind nor night–row on; home we cannot lengthen our cords The harbor of Heaven is near. of influence abroad. *** On the other hand, if we neglect Only Thy power can make my sin-sick o spirit whole, to my soul! Divine Saviour, precious -Hayashi.

* * ::t:: This will I say, that firm I tread the road I cannot see, Because the hand of One-Who-Loves -Takamoto. Is leading me!

GIVE THE GOSPEL TO THE MORMONS?

BY THE REV. WILLIAM E. LA RUE, Washington, D. C.

Author of "The Foundations of Mormonism"

T HE chief need for giving the The Mormons also need to be Gospel of Christ to the Mor- evangelized in order that they may mons is the people themselves. be delivered from the superstition In many respects they are a splen- which binds them with strong did people, sincere and whole- bands that are not easily broken.

hearted in their faith. They are They are taught that entrance into willing to lay their lives upon the celestial glory depends upon faith- altar of sacrifice in order to uphold ful continuance in their faith as and propagate their religion. Not long as life shall last. They are only are they ready to give up their under such a spell of superstition lives to service but are also ready that they will not allow themselves to place their fortunes at the call to doubt. They have been taught of their leaders. that all other churches are man- Most of these people are of made and wrong in the sight of American and English stock. They God, and that the Mormon Church are preeminently religious and is the one and only true Church of many of them have been members God on earth. Notwithstanding of evangelical churches. In many the many obvious errors, and the instances their experience with sins of the leaders, they believe Mormonism is a result of the per- that eternal salvation is to be found sistent activity of Mormon mis- only in Mormonism.

sionaries. Whoever undertakes to carry the The Mormon people need to be Gospel of Christ to Mormons will evangelized in order that they may meet with tremendous difficulties.

have right spiritual leadership. Other sects with false teachings They have spiritual capacity which and corrupt leadership have arisen is in dire need of direction. For and have worn themselves away in some strange reason they have sub- the processes of time. Among the mitted themselves body and soul to Mormons themselves have arisen a the leadership of Mormon proph- number of sects with leaders claim- ets, which has been the chief source ing divine and exclusive preroga- of corruption in their religious life. tives whose devotees remain un- There are several hundreds of wavering until death.

thousands of Mormons who need When a Mormon can no longer evangelizing because of the crude endure the teachings and leader- and perverted teachings which are ship of his cult, he usually either a mixture of truth and error. Once abandons religion entirely, or iden- within the Mormon fold, even to tifies himself with one of the many question these teachings would in- factions.

vite suspicion and ostracism. In The Mormon has a deep convic- former days apostates were quickly tion that if Mormonism is false disposed of so that the people have nothing else is true. He has the accepted the awful things their conviction that all other religions leaders have taught-including are corrupt and false. As he lis- many gods and many wives. tens to an evangelical minister 844 there are psychological barriers to the Mormon people who have read his reception of the truth present- it.

ed. He feels that this minister has In the same spirit, in my volume not the authority to speak such as on "The Foundations of Mormon- is possessed by the Mormon priest- ism," I attempted to demonstrate hood. Every missionary to the from the original documentary Mormons must pursue his labors sources that the foundation prin- knowing that this almost impene- ciples of Mormonism are untenable.

trable wall of prejudice exists. The truth, spoken in love, is the This may be the reason why the only weapon we are justified in effort to evangelize the Mormons using in the contention against this has so far produced little fruit. cult. So far as I know, no attempt What then is the best method to has been made to reply to my book.

pursue to carryon an effective Let Christian workers everywhere work of evangelizing the Mormon show patience and sympathy with people? Is it not worthwhile to the Mormon people, not with any consider some new approach? sin but with the sinner. As he To begin with there should be a may have opportunity let every strong emphasis upon patience and Christian help the Mormons to get sympathy. -In the past most anti- rid of sin.

Mormon propagandists have shown Mohammedans and Mormons a woeful lack of these qualities.

Usually they have publicly de- Both Mohammedans and Mor- nounced the false teachings and mons are devoted to the leadership corrupt practices of Mormonism of so-called prophets; both have without making any constructive special books for which they claim effort to correct them. The evils divine inspiration; both are zealous of Mormonism have been sufficient in the propagation of their faith; to test the patience and to chill the both adhere to doctrines that clash sympathy of anyone but little good with modern civilization. It is can be accomplished without pa- about equally difficult to convert tience and sympathy. A pamphlet either to Christianity. But we must entitled, "Joseph Smith, Jr., as a keep on with the work of evangeli- Translator," issued by the late zation through Christian churches, Bishop F. S. Spalding, of Utah, schools, and community Ii f e.

shows, in the most kindly, yet ef- Churches should hold out a sympa- fective way, that the claims made thetic and helpful hand to every by Joseph Smith, Jr., as a trans- Mormon so as to help him see truth lator of Egyptian would not bear and duty in a new light, and to put the scrutiny of scholarship. The himself under the leadership of Bishop said, "My object in writing Jesus Christ alone.

the pamphlet was not to inform the Many changes are now taking world that Joseph Smith's transla- place in the world of thought. Our tions were inaccurate, and that hope is that the rising generation therefore his claim to be a prophet of the Mormons will, with the aid of God was invalid, but to try to of advanced education, be able to convince the Mormons themselves weigh carefully the claims made of those facts." The publication for Mormonism and will find that of this pamphlet has had a pro- they are wanting.

found and beneficial effect upon Meanwhile the propaganda of

Mormonism goes forward. The The government of the Church is by Mormon choir and the tones of the divine authority through Priesthood…. great organ are heard over the In organic expression and functioning radio from Salt Lake City. Occa- there must be recognized grades and offisionally a new Temple is announced cial prerogatives and responsibility with where secret practices are per- supreme directional control resting in formed that bind men and women the Presidency as the Chief and first…. to the faith by sacred oaths. Just Our form of government is patriarchal or now a great Mormon Church is kingly in that it is the Kingdom of God, under process of erection in Wash- the Kingdom of Heaven. Our form of ington, D. C. This is sure to at- government places the lawmaking powers tract much attention. Statistics in heaven, the law of God being manishow that the membership is main- fested to the Church through His taining a gradual increase and Prophet. about the usual number of missionaries go out to the home and for- This teaching is regarded as a eign field to win converts. reviving of some of the crude Independence, Missouri, has for many years been regarded as the teachings of early Mormonism and Mecca of Mormonism. There are several factions of the cult located a group of aggrieved brethren de- there; among the most promi- clared, "The President's theory of nent are the J osephites, otherwise k now n as the "Reorganized government, while he terms it a Church"; the Brighamites, other- theocratic-democracy, under analwise known as the "Utah Church" ; the Hedrickites, otherwise known ysis proves to be a theocraticas "The Church of Christ." Other factions increase with the years. autocracy." The theories of Presi- The Reorganized Church has found itself in the toils of other and more dent Frederick M. Smith, however, serious troubles in recent years on account of the announcement of the prevailed, since his ideas were doctrine of "Supreme Directional found to be in accord with those Control" by the First Presidency. This is as follows: of his grandfather, founder of Mor- monism.

The student of Mormonism will note what an intricate and com- plicated situation he must meet when he attempts to evangelize the Mormons of any sect; there is hope for all who, like Mr. Thomas W.

Williams, representing the group of dissenters, will dare to say, "Christ alone is our leader."

Let us endeavor to evangelize the Mormons. The people are far too good for Mormonism.

THE FAITH OF A SCIENTIST Science laid the foundations for a new and a stupendous advance in man's conception of God, for a sublimer view of the world and of man's place and destiny in it …. Personally, I believe that essential religion is one of the world's supremest needs, and I believe that one of the greatest contributions that the United States ever can make to world progress will consist in furnishing an example to the world of how the religious life of a nation can evolve intelligently, wholesomely, inspiringly, reverently, completely divorced from all unreason, all superstition and all unwholesome emotionalism.-DR. ROBERT MILLIKAN, President of the Amer'ican A.q.qociation for the Advancement of Science.

OPICS Of THE

Harassed China in a Troubled (Shantung), in Mukden, Kirin, Har- World bin, . Peitaying and other points in Manchuria, and between Chinese and The Christian Gospel of peace and Koreans in Pyengyang, Seoul and else- good will among men, the doctrines of where in Chosen. The Chinese charge the fatherhood of God and the brother- that Japanese have promoted strife hood of man, the centuries of experi- for the purpose of giving an excuse ence in the evil effects of war, the ad- for intervention in Manchuria, which vance of education, the Kellogg Pact, they are said to covet for colonization the League of Nations, the Hague and commercial exploitation. The Jap- Court, and the various peace and in- anese claim that Chinese have bombed ternational fellowship movements all the Japanese railway and have threat- ,seem powerless to keep peace among ened or damaged the lives and prop- nations. The human equation is at erty of Japanese citizens. The Soviet fault. Even "Christian" Europe is Government, sensing danger to the restless, suspicious and like a powder railway, which they control jointly barrel in the midst of sparks. Ap- with the Chinese, has massed troops parently only the vivid memory of the along the border near Manchuli and last World War, the knowledge of the Russian gunboats on the Sungari River fearful cost of another conflict and are reported to have fired on Chinese the calmness of some wi,se statesmen freight boats on the river near Har- keep European nations from flying to bin. There has also been some agita- arms. tion in North Manchuria and inner The peace of China, with one-fourth Mongolia, in Kirin Province, and in of the world's population, is also con- South Manchuria for autonomy and stantly threatened within and without. separation from Nanking. For an un- To communism, militarists, civil war, derstanding of what has been happen- bandits and brigands are added the ing in Manchuria we should remem- sufferings caused by oppressive pov- ber that while Manchuria is a part of erty and the recent devastations due China, treaty concessions make it al- to terrible floods, famine and pesti- most as much Japanese as Chinese lence. On top of all this China is now territory. The Japanese military sys- threatened by the Japanese military tern also leaves the army and navy, in activity in Manchuria, by mob attacks times of emergency, free from civil on Chinese in Chosen and by the control. These two facts make clear Soviet menace on the Siberian border. much that has appeared incomprehen- As to the cause of the troubles in sible in recent events.

Chosen and Manchuria, there are One effect of these disturbances has charges and countercharges between been shown in the ,savage attack on Chinese and Japanese. The difficulty Dr. C. T. Wang, the able and honored seems to have been caused by mutual Foreign Minister of China. Some suspicion and illwill, by a lack of pa- three hundred Chinese students in tience and wise statesmanship and by Nanking beat him severely, accusing the temper of the Japanese militarists. him of weakness in failing to persuade Riots and conflicts occurred between the League of Nations in intervening Japanese and Chinese in Peitaho in Manchuria. Dr. Wang has since 847

resigned; his place in the Kuomintang Protestant Episcopal Missions. – Government has been taken by Dr. Church and mission have sufferi:ld Alfred Sze, formerly Chinese amba~­ heavily. Water surrounded cathedral sador at Washington. and compound at Hankow. Rose to sec- ond floor of some bUildings. Churches In the midst of all this trouble, how- and schools damaged. One thousand ever, there are signs of hope that refugees gathered at Boone College China will gradually emerge "from and Middle School, Wuchang, and these many difficulties. The Japanese other thousands at Wuhu compound. have promised to withdraw their Kuikiang station flooded, also Hsiaktroops from the area not controlled by wan. Missions at Yangchow and Paotreaty which gives them the right to ying suffered heavily. Property damoperate the South Manchuria Railway. age $45,000 Mex. Relief measures The Canton and Nanking leaders are started. making negotiations to end civil war and to form a unified government. Southern Baptist Missions.- Some The floods have receded and measures fields affected but not seriously, so far are being put into operation to combat as is known at present. famine and pestilence. At times it seems to require some great disaster Methodist Episcopal Missions. – to teach the advantages of peace and Thousands of Christians, members of good will. If foes without will not the Methodist Episcopal Church, are take advantage of China's misfortunes in danger of di,sease and starvation. and if the Chinese will withstand com- Relief work has been started. More munist propaganda from Soviet Rus- than half the territorY of Central sia, and student agitatIon in favor of China Conference (24,700 sq. miles war with Japan, is end~d, there is hope with 12,500,000 people) and one-third that peace will come to China at last. of Kiangsi Conference (with 20,000 sq. miles and 8,000,000 people) were The Flood and Missions in China flooded. Thousands of Christians lost homes, farms, crops, goods, churches Chinese Christians and the mission- and schools. Mission hospitals at Wuaries in China have shared with others hu, Kiukiang and Nanchang handiin the awful suffering that has over- capped by food shortage but received taken those who live in the flooded many sufferers who camped on areas along the Yangtze River and the grounds. Grand Canal. The suffering will last for many months to come because of Presbyterian (North) Missions.- the destruction of crops and homes Flood seriously affected four stations. as well as the loss of life involved in Water above first floor of residences the disaster. and dispensary at Changteh. Refugees filled church. Much of Nanking under Letters already received from mis- water. Harvest ruined. Hwaiyuan sion boards having work in the dis- completely inundated. School buildtricts affected, reveal the following ings on high ground cared for refufacts: gees. Nansuchow and Lchow in flooded area but no report received. No build- Evangelical Luthevan Missions (Mis- ings destroyed. Relief work in operasouri and Ohio) .-Loss of some prop- tion. erty and much damage to submerged houses in the Wuhan cities. Mis- China Inland Mission.-Residences sionaries were at Kuling. Chinese and other buildings in Hankow flooded. Christians took refuge in upper stories Changsha (Hunan) flooded. Comof chapels and schools but loost most of munists are a menace. Food supplies their goods. Relief measures inau- low. Starvation and epidemics threaten gurated. Estimated loss to mission survivors. Most of Chengyangkwan $46,000, Mex. (Anhwei) under water.

No word has as yet been received from other missions.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

Fleming H. Revell can Mi·ssion to Lepers, and for many years was vice-president of the Pres- An honored and beloved member of byterian Board of National Missions. the Board of Directors of THE RE- VIEW, Mr. Fleming H. Revell, entered For Chris~ian character, kindly disinto rest on Sunday, October 11th, at position, business integrity, wise counthe age of eighty-one. Mr. Revell had sel and true friendship, Mr. Revell been in ill health for a number of was highly honored and greatly beyears but had continued his interest loved by a wide circle of friends. in business and in many forms of Christian work until recently when he The Cost of War suffered from a fall at his home in Riverdale-on-the-Hudson, New York. War debts are only a small fraction The directors of THE REVIEW, with of the total cost of international strife. whom he has been intimately associ- The British Chancellor of the Exchegated for the past fifteen years as a uer Snowden reveals the following figfellow worker and friend, will keenly ures for the amount paid on war debts miss his genial and helpful comrad- by France, Italy, Roumania, Greece ship, as will many other boards of and Portugal since the treaty of Verwhich he was a member.. sailles and the sums paid as repara- tions by Germany, Austria, Bulgaria Fleming H. Revell was born in Chi- and Turkey up to June 15th, (period cago on December 11, 1849, and at of about twelve years). the age of twenty started the publishing business. This grew until the To Britwin To America firm which he established was known all over the world, with headquarters France ..•.•.•…. $218,000,000 $200,000,000 in New York and with branches in Italy . . . . . . . . . • • .. 115,000,000 39,000,000 Chicago, Edinburgh and London. They Roumanla …….. 4,375,000 2,700,000 specialized on evangelical literature and rendered a remarkably wide and Greece ……….• 5,875,000 300,000 useful service in publishing the books of such well-known Christian workers Portugal •…••… 8,750,000 as Andrew Murray, A. J. Gordon, D. L. Moody, Arthur T. Pierson, J. Camp- Germany has paid $5,131,500,000 in bell MorgllJl, R. A. Torrey, S. D. Gordon, Ralph Oonnor, Edward A. Steiner, reparations, including deliveries in Robert E. Speer, Arthur J. Brown, John McDowell and others. The firm kind and State properties. Austria also was the largest publisher of home and foreign missionary literature and has paid $4,210,000 by deliveries in in this way exerted, at home and abroad, an influence for good which kind, Bulgaria has paid $13,200,000 cannot be measured. His son, Fleming H. Revell, Jr., succeeds his father in cash and Turkey has paid nothing. in the presidency of the publishing firm. The cost of war also includes the A sister of Mr. Revell married the battleships, fortifications, ammunition, late Dwight L. Moody and thus was early formed with the great evangelist equipment, support of the army and an intimate fellowship that was fruitful in many ways. Mr. Revell was a navy, pensions, bonuses, hospitals, care trustee of the Northfield Schools, founded by Mr. Moody; for twenty- of wounded, insurance, etc., etc. But five years was treasurer of the Ameri- the greatest cost is in the sacrifice of 4 human life; the physical disablement of men, women and children; the dis- eases spread; the diversion of public attention and activity into destructive channels; the destruction of the spirit of brotherhood; the degrading influ- ences exerted; the fierce passions un- leashed; and the spiritual life de- stroyed. These losses and dehumaniz- ing influences are infinitely worse than the financial cost of war-tremendous and far reaching as that is. Civiliza- tion is threatened with destruction to- day-thirteen years after the armi- stice-and yet men and women still prepare for war more than for peace!

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

USEFUL SUGGESTIONS FOR Illustrations for other lines will EFFEOTIVE WORK Ruggest themselves.

By MRS. C. K. LIPPARD Enrolling the Children How to Record Honor Points A missionary cradle roll is often neglected because not properly brought If your organization has an honor to the notice of young mothers. One roll, or uses a credit system, the fol- society had a card printed with a lowing method will prove simple and little empty frame in the center sureffective for either children or adults. rounded by the words: "There is an On a large sheet of cardboard draw empty space in our cradle roll album a series of mountains or hills, each which your baby's face should fill." one marked as one of the goals-as, This was sent to every mother. "All dues paid," "Report sent in promptly," _"Representative sent to The Junior Book, "Open Windows" convention," etc. Head the chart with the words "Hills we have climbed," or Leaders of Junior groups studying "Mountains Scaled." Keep it before Miss Entwistle's book may well take the eyes of members at every meeting. for their own memory verses, Isa. 54: As soon as an honor point is attained, 12-13. paste a flag on top of one peak and have all present rise and sing the And I will make thy windows of agates Doxology. When all peaks are capped and thy gates of carbuncles and all thy with flags paste gold star in center of borders of pleasant stones. chart. And all thy children shall be taught Making Reports Interesting of the Lord; and great shall be the peace of thy children. A report that would be dry when read is often interesting when pre- THE RURAL THEME sented in chart or poster form. A report of work done during a year or Bible Thoughts for Friendly Farmers a biennium may be made up of pictures representing each project, with "So shall ye divide this land unto a brief -sentence to explain each pic- you according to the tribes of Israel. ture, as: "And it shall come to pass that ye Picture of Church in India. shall divide it by lot for an inheritance unto you, and to the strangers that Contributed our share for new sojourn among you, which shall beget building in India. (Amount.) among you; and they shall be unto you as born in the country among the Group of Industrial Workers or Mi- children of Israel; they shall have grants. inheritance with you among the tribes of Israel. Contributed …… toward migrant work. "And it shaH come to pass, that in what tribe the stranger sojourneth; there shall ye give him his inheritance, saith the Lord." Ezekiel 47: 21-23.

Pictures of new members. World Friendship Among Friendly ….. new members received during Farmers year. "They helped everyone his neigh- Pictures of objects sent to fields. bour; and every one said to his Box work contributions ….. . brother, Be of good courage.

850

METHODS FOR WORKERS

"So the carpenter encouraged the "And God said, Let the earth bring goldsmith, and he that smootheth with forth grass, the herb yielding seed, the hammer him that smote with the and the fruit tree yielding fruit after anvil, saying, it is ready for solder- his kind, whose seed is in itself; upon ing; and he fastened it with nails, the earth: and it was so." Gen. 1: 11. that it should not be moved." Isa. 41: 6,7. "And the earth brought forth grass, and herb yielding seed after his kind, A PRAYER OR PRAYElt HYMN and the tree yielding fruit, whose ,seed was in itself, after his kind: and God (For Adults or Children) saw that it was good." Gen. 1: 12.

Lord of the sunshine, Lord of the star- "And in process of time it came to light, pass that Cain brought of the fruit of the ground an offering unto the Lord of the seasons, teach me to know Lord." Gen. 4: 3. How best to love Thee, how best to serve "And Abel, he also brought of the Thee first things of his flock and of the Mid summer's flowers and winter's fat thereof." Gen. 4: 4, (first clause).

snow. The First Covenant (For Beginners and Primaries) "While the earth remaineth, seed- And God said the sun should shine, time and harvest, and cold and heat, and summer and winter and day and The rain should fall, the flowers should night shall not cease." Gen. 8: 22. grow, (Reading Gen. 9: 9-20.) And God said the birds should sing. And it was so, was so. RURAL STOR,tES FROM THE And God said the grass should grow, BIBLE The trees bear fruit, the wind should Old Testament blow, And God said that streams should flow, Birds, flowers, etc., of the Bible And it was so, was so. may be illustrated by boys and girls- drawing, modeling, bringing and past- (Childl'f'u's Hymnal and Service Booh:.) ing pictures.

RURAL STORIES FOR ADULTS Rural paragraphs may be illus- trated. From "The Rural Billion" David, the Shepherd Boy-l Sam. 16. (May be used as basis of discussion) David and Jonathan-l Sam. 19-20. Isaac Seeks a Wife-Gen. 24. 1. Sailors and a Church. Page 136. Jacob and Rachel-Gen. 28. 2. Two Trees in Korea. Page 137 Joseph and His Brothers-Gen. 37: 12- (discuss). 36. 3. A Country Pastor in Africa. Page Joseph in Egypt in Time of Famine- 137 (bottom). Gen. 42: 43-45. 4. A Country Pastor in China. Page Ruth and Boaz-Book of Ruth. 38. 5. Miracle of the Mulberry Trees. New Testament (Same story as above, enlarged and renamed.) Page 38. Jesus at Bethany, (a rural village). 6. An Indian Village Church. Page Jesus at Nazareth, (a rural village). 141. (Enlarge.) Feeding of the Five Thousand, (in the 7. Sam Higginbottom's Parable Ser- mountains) . mon. Page 62. (Basis of discussion on Walk Through the Cornfield. christianizing conditions.) Walk to Emmaus. 8. Feathered and fourfooted mission- The Fig Tree Cursed. aries. Page 50. 9. Story of Moga. (India.) Page 78. OLD TESTMENT RURAL Make a chart of a course in a school in Africa. Page 76. (Discuss.) PARABLES Discuss objectives of this course. Page 77. Parable of the trees and their king, addressed by J otham to the men of RURAL THEME AND THE BmLE Schechem. Judges 9: 7-15.

Old Testament Memory Work Parable of the poor man's ewe lamb, told by Nathan to David. 2 Sam. 12: 1-6. In the Beginning "And the Lord God planted a garden." Gen. 2: 8 (first clause).

Parable of the thistle and the cedar, the country by use of rural pictures addressed by Johash to Amaziah. 2 of the Orient with captions like the Kings 14: 9. . following is effective: Parable of the sluggard and his vine- Christ walked paths like these yard, to the people of Israel. Prov. 24: Christ's first friends were village folk 30-35. Highways like these were trodden by Parable of the unfruitful vineyard, to Jesus the people of Israel. Isa. 5: 1-6. Christ died for folks like these.

Parable of the ploughman, or good out SOME PRAYER METHODS of evil. Isa. 28: 23-29. By MRS. H. W. BIPPUS Parable of the great eagle and the vine. Ezekiel 17: 3-10. (Presented at the Lakeside, Ohio, Institute of Foreign Missions.) Parable of the cedar in Lebanon. Ezekiel 31—-€ntire chapter. Has the missionary group to which I belong great vision, strong motive Parable of the shepherds and the flock. power, or is it just another club going Ezekiel 34—-€ntire chapter. round and round? Are we standing in the hangar with the engine dead, or Parable of the true and false shep- is it purring, throbbing, ready to take herds. Zechariah ll-entire chapter. off to dizzy heights, through fogs of depression, and over barren stretches NEW TESTAMENT RURAL to outposts?

PARABLES Our missions plane may be beauti- ful to behold~ompletely furnished, Mustard Seed-Matt. 13: 31-32. pilot trained, route outlined, engine Sower-Matt. 13: 1-9, 18-23. oiled, and in perfect order, but if Tares-Matt. 13: 24-30, 36-43. there is no fuel in the tank there is Vineyard Laborers-Matt. 20: 1-16. no power, no action. It is impossible Wicked Husband-Matt. 21: 33-46. to get off or to make the journey. Seed Growing Secretly-Mark 4: 26- 29. The prayer life-the devotional part Rich Fool-Luke 12: 16-21. of your missionary society – makes Barren Fig Tree-Luke 13: 1-9. possible the results for which you are The Lost Sheep–Luke 15: 1-7. 'lrganized together. We need power. How shall it be generated? We must RURAL REFERENCES OF JESUS plan definitely for each program a quiet hour that will awaken our mem- Lilies of the Field. bers so that they may experience God Birds of the Air. -may see visions and dream dreams. Sparrows. No haphazard "devotions," hurriedly Behold the Fields-White to Harvest. conducted, will reach into the depths Vineyard. of the souls of our members. Altars Fig Tree. must be lighted with divine fire. Feed My Lambs-Feed My Sheep. Smoldering embers must be fanned. I Am the Good Shepherd. Hearts must be in touch with His. Other Sheep I have. We must allow God to have access to My Yoke Is Easy. our hearts if we expect results.

POSTERS FOR RURAL THEME First let us choose with care the women who shall lead us in this quiet The poem called Vision found in the hour. Perhaps the same one may primary book, "Friendly Farmers," carry through the year. John Masegives the key to One aim of the leader field in his poem "The Everlasting of any age group on the rural theme. Mercy" put into the mouth of the man Our first aim is to get across to our who found Christ these words: "I people the bigness and beauty of the knew that Christ had given me hirth, theme, and the vast opportunities in to brother all the souls of earth." Oh rural areas around the world. Posters with pictures of beautiful rural scenes will help. The caption, Rural Paths in Japan, may depict some scenic marvel in that land of beauty. Rural needs, rural work being done, rural homes and rural people should all be used in artistic posters, to make their appeal for the yet almost untouched millions in country districts of the world. The connecting of Christ with

the glory of the lighted mind. "How re-enlist men in missionary and re- dead I'd been, how dumb, how blind." ligiouB work. We want the womanhood of the Church to have this experience that The committee recommends that they may accomplish their great world Men and Missions Sunday, November task. 15, 1931, be observed at the morning service in each church, and that an For every woman in the church I afternoon interdenominational men's would have prepared a card bearing meeting be held in each city or comthe following: munity.

At 9~OO A. M. Each Day: Suggestions concerning the meet- ings may be secured from the Lay- Repeat P8alm 103: 1-5. men's Missionary Movement, 19 S. Bless the Lord, 0 my soul, and all that LaSalle St., Chicago, Ill., or 419 is within me bless his holy name. Fourth Ave., New York City, or from Bless the Lord, 0 my soul, and forget the secretary of the denominational not all his benefits; missionary board. Who forgiveth all mine iniquities; Who healeth all my diseases; The morning church service should Who redeemeth my life from destruc- include a sermon on a missionary tion; theme, emphasizing the need of par- Who crowneth me with loving kind- ticipation by men; a 10-minute talk ness and tender mercies; by a layman; a missionary hymn sung WhQ satisfieth my mouth with good by men; a Scripture les-son read in things so that my youth is renewed like unison by men and the announcement the eagle's. – of plans for men's meeting,s to discuss My Question-Psalm 118: 12. current missionary literature. What shall I render unto the Lord for all His benefits unto me? Among the topics for discussion are My A'l'Ulwer-Psalm 118: 13-14. suggested such articles as "I Don't I will take the cup of salvation and Believe in Foreign Missions," in THE call upon the name of the Lord-I will MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD pay my vows unto the Lord, yea, in the for May: "The Critics and Missions" presence of all His people. chapter in Dr. Egbert W. Smith's book, "The Desire of All Nations"; For the quiet hour in the meeting "The Testimony of Results," a chaphave some lovely hymn played softly ter in Dr. Stephen J. Corey's new and then have someone tell one of the book, "Missions Matching the Hour"; beautiful stories of Jesus in her own a chapter from Dr. Speer's book "Are words, such as Foreign Missions Done For"? or from Dr. C. H. Patton's new volume, "God's The Lawyer Learns. World." The Centurion's Confidence-Matt. 8: 5-14. A committee ,should be appointed to Peter's Eyes Opened-Acts 10. plan four study sessions for the men The Christian's Challenge-Matt. 28: of the church. Lists of suitable 19-20. Dare you? books can be secured from any board of missions. Words of the hymns should be mimeographed and passed' for reading Sunday Schools and Young People's while piano is played. Societies may make plans to dramatize the Haystack Prayer Meeting at Wil- Quiet prayers should be requested liams College in 1806, on the One days in advance. Hundredth Anniversary of which the Laymen's Missionary Movement was HOW TO USE LAYMEN'S organized twenty-five years ago. A dramatization, prepared by the Coun- MISSIONARY SUNDAY cil of Northern Baptist Laymen, is available through the Laymen's Mis- November 15, 1931, is the Twenty- sionary Movement at 15c each. Fifth Anniversary of the founding of the Laymen's Missionary Movement. In striking contrast to the original meeting of 80 men in the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church in New York City in 1906, a thousand meetings are being planned for 80,000 this fall to

A MISSIONARY GEOGRAPHY GAME (Adaptable to Sunday-school or missionary society programs) Make a large reproduction of this map either on a hlackboard or upsonboard. It should be in color. Adapt countries llnd questions to your own denominational work. A well informed woma.n, who can comment on the facts given by the group, can make this an interesting and informing program.

At the Philadelphia Interdenominational Institute, It was suggested that this map drill be used at meetings of women's societies to which meD have been invited as guests. The objective is to demonstrate the value of eoDsecutive mission studies as they are pursued by the women's organizations. A rich supply of facts in answer to the questions on the map are always to be found in your copies of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. .

QUOTATIONS FO:R THE DEVOTIONAL SERVICE For that wide-open avenue of prayer, out of harmony with eternal Jaw.- All radiant with Thy glorious prom- Van Rensselaer Gibson.

ises, I have aSked for a cupful, and the We thank Thee, Lord! ocean remains! I have asked for a sunbeam, and the sun abides! My best -John Oxenham. asking falls immeasurably short of my Father's giving.-J. H. Jowett. "I want to know Thy guiding voice, To walk with Thee each day; The transitions in our modern life, the new problems that arise, the diffi- Dear Master, make me swift to hear culties of the tasks that now and again And ready to obey." fall upon us, we are not afraid of these because we believe in the resurrection. Not till we stand before the Lord- -Robert E. Speer. A nation splendid and unafraid, Made in the image that God made, Christ wills one fiock, and this re- No man a tYrant and none a slave, quires us not only to labor for the re- Shall the world be saved, as He meant union of all Christendom, but to seek that unity of faith which is essential to save. -Angela Morgan. to its achievement and wholesome per- manence.-Francis J. HaU. All life is miraculous in the sense of being mystic and wonderful, but nothing is miraculous in the sense of being

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY HELEN M. BRICKMAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Council 01 Women lor Home Missions FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation 01 Woman's Boards 01 Foreign Missions 01 North America LUNCHEON SERVED BY FOHEIGN WOMEN IN TOKIO, JAPAN A WORLD ENCIRCLING CHAIN A REPORT OF THE WORLD DAY OF PRAYER, FEBRUARY 20, 1931 By MRS. JOHN P. WHITE, Member, Joint Committee on World Day of Prayer Never in the history of the Chris- an international character to the ob- tian Church has there been such un- servance of the day.

ceru;ing, united prayer as on February "They helped every one his neigh- 20, 1931. The poet's thought of a. bar," was literally true of the world- world encircling chain of prayer was wide service. The programs were realized on that day when women all mimeographed by the committee in over the world met in pine chapel or charge and sent to forty-six or more stone cathedral, in grove or on moun- countries where they were translated tain top, in great city or small hamlet into various languages and adapted to to join their voices in prayer and the conditions of the various com- praise to the God and Father of our munities. In China the National Chris- Lord Jesus Christ. tian Council took the responsibility of Preparation for this wonderful day printing the programs for all partici- began months in advance. The pro- pating groups; Mexico sent printed gram on the theme, "Ye Shall Be My programs to Puerto Rico; Argentine Witnesses," was prepared by Miss shared her programs with Uruguay Kathleen W. MacArthur, of Canada, a.nd Brazil. Always the offering of and the "Call to Prayer" was prepared the Day was "for others."

by the Baroness van Boetzelrer van Follow this chain as it draws to- Dubbledam, of Holland, thus giving gether the praying women around the 855

world. Let the circle begin at that en came to the place of prayer. Melt- line in our Atlas marked "Antipodes," ing snows in the streets of Hangchow, one hundred and eighty degrees east of China, made walking almost impossible, Greenwich. The Day of Prayer begins yet 200 women assembled for the serv- in New Zealand. Following the circle ice; a snowstorm in Teheran, Persia, around the globe the services con- kept the timid and delicate folk away tinue in Australia, Japan, Philippine but the strong and the brave were Islands, Korea, Manchuria, on through there; riots in Columbia, South China, Tibet, Siam, Burma and India, America, due to political disturbances through Persia, Mesopotamia, Syria made a small meeting, but the few and Turkey, across fifteen countries who attended were so inspired by the of Europe, across the continent of thought of this united prayer and so Africa, across South America and impressed by the beauty of the pro- North America to the Hawaiian Is- gram that they felt others should join IJ!.nds and Alaska, finally reaching the them and the whole service was re- Antipodes again where in the service peated during Easter week. Meetings in the Fiji Islands the circle is com- were held in twenty-five centers in plete. Bulgaria. Some of the churches were ,~filled ,to capacity and in one the seats The Chain Made Strong by Great"'""were all filled and many had to stand.

SomeNoufm'thbeerpsrPayaerrtigcripoautpisngreport~',1,,i,,~::,;""pWrOanilErmi~idn'~Cveanlaodna~ scattered over the distances to attend small gatherings, others reported great some of th~ 600 meetings held in that throngs. Foulassi, Africa had "a land. Wom~n walked for·mBesin thousand plus" in attendance and Africa, in India and in Japan, many Kansas City, Missouri, had fourteen carrying babies as they came. In hundred. Not all the meetings were Korea, likewise, mothers necessarily held in conventional places. In Scot- brought their little ones and some- land, where the day was observed times these "tiny toddlers with their from border to border, meetings were tinkling bells," made the service any- held in cities and towns, and away "in thing else than a "quiet hour." In lonely places where it was impossible the Fiji Islands a terrible hurricane to have organized meetings the serv- which destroyed whole villages in a ice was held by individuals in their certain section prevented the women homes." Three "shut-ins" in Teheran, of Davuileve from observing the Day Persia, ,secured copies of the program as they had planned, but meetings and followed it step by step as it was were held in three other places distant being carried out in the church. Two from the path of the storm.

missionary women in Africa were tak- One of the most remarkable meet- ing a vacation in the mountains. Here ings was held in Johannesburg, South they held a "service of prayer in a Africa. About one thousand women secluded place on the mountain side were there. One group was distin- with trees overhead and rocks for guished by white head kerchiefs and seats, the birds joining in praise to white broad collars over red blouses; the Most High." In India a grove- another group had fur skin caps; an- "God's' first temple" – became the other black blouses and white stoles shrine for a group of worshipers. In and pins showing their society initials.

Africa two chiefs opened their com- "The sight was impressive beyond pounds for the services. In China in words."

one district where the meeting was Linguistic difficulties vanished be- announced to begin "just before cock- fore the fervent spirit of praying crowing" a goodly company of men women. In Korea three nationalities and women assembled at the appointed all in Korean dress were met together.

hour. Three different languages were used, Through much difficulty many worn- not just as a matter of interest but to

H131] WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

A FEW OF THE "THOUSAND PLUS" AT ~'OULASSI. AFRICA accentuate the fact that people of The Chain Enlarged by New Link.. many tongues and nations were meeting in the same service of prayer and For several years reports have come praise. from every state in the union. With each passing year new centers ar e re- In Athens 300 women of diverse ported. New names are added to the races and nations and tongues, many list from lands across the seas. Manof whom had been driven acr oss seas churia, South Africa, Uruguay and as homeless refugees, met in a beauti- the Fiji Islands are new links in the ful spirit of unity. Programs were chain in 1931. printed and hymns sung in Greek, Armenian, Turkish and English. There In every sanctuary new voices were was something wonderful about the heard. The participation of nationals mingled sounds of four languages was encouraging. In past years, in sung together. It seemed to be a fore- mission lands, the whole responsibility cast of the great chorus "which no of planning for the celebration of the man could number, of all nations and World Day of Prayer was in the hands kindreds, and tongues" standing be- of miss ionaries. In 1931 other women fore the throne singing praise to "God made a large contribution to the servwhich sitteth upon the throne and ices. In Burma the Burmese women unto the Lamb." took entire charge of the planning of the program and carried it out in a Again in South Africa prayers were splendid way. offered in Zulu and Lesuto and Isixoya and other dialects. The hymns were In one village in India where there sung in three or four languages but in are a few Christians but no organized perfect unison, softly and reverently church, a group of simple peasant without accompaniment. "The singing women met for prayer. They were illiterate and unaccustomed to taking was beautiful, ri ch, h armonious, grand part in a meeting but that day they -like an organ swel!."

ventured for the first time to utter fire placed on Isaiah's lips truly alive brief petitions. and burning with a message"; Per- "Speaking in public is a very new sian girls giving a pageant depicting and difficult venture for the women of life in India; a "Map Talk" in Japan Bulu Land. One of them prefaced her to make clear the circle of prayer; a remarks by asking to be forgiven for "sweet voiced little mother," at the being so short of breath and fright- foot of the Rockies in Canada, driving ened. She said: 'Who would have miles with her little ones in order to thought a few years ago that a Bulu be present and ·sing, "The Garden of woman would have dared to stand up, Prayer"; a great pageant in Kansas especially before men and talk? It City directed by a professional leader is the "Things of God" that have made and using girls of different nation- us free. Now even a little unimpor- alities-all give little glimpses of the tant woman such as I am can speak spirit of the varied groups over the the things that are in her heart.' " world. _.

After a thrilling address on "Wit- In Portland, Oregon, a business ness through the Ages," a Zulu wom- women's meeting was held at the noon an arose and said: "I do not know hour in a down-town district; in In- very much about the great witnesses dianapolis, Indiana, 350 attended the after Paul and the early church but I special evening service for young peo- will tell you of our people and how, pIe; in Xenia, Ohio, a local pastor led after the· missionaries brought the a prayer service and a missionary on good news to Natal, our people went furlough gave an address to the {)50 out to Gazaland and to the interior, boys and girls in the high school. In and some have died as martyrs and numerous places meetings were held witnesses to the truth." for children. In China in some of the In several centers "witnessing" took girls' schools the whole program was concrete form. In Foulassi, Africa, carried out in a beautiful way.

more than ninety remained after the A permanent organization was ef- great congregation had been dismissed fected in Tokio, Japan, which plans to dedicate themselves in a special way for two additional meetings during to the work of witnessing. In a Chi- the year. At the all-day meeting on nese village, following the meeting, February 20 the foreign women, in the women left the place of prayer and the spirit of Him who said, "I am went out two by two to call on their among you as he that serveth," them- neighbors and to give testimony for selves served lunch to all the as- their Master. In one district in India sembled women.

where pastors called men and women In some places the day was observed together the day was used for the as a quiet day of prayer and medita- opening ·service of a well-planned evan- tion without any announcements or gelistic campaign. In Mexico a young speaking. From 9 a. m. until 5 p. m.

man, a stranger, came into the meet- women came and went engaging in ing. Such a service was new to him; prayer, following the subjects given he became an inquirer and within a on a printed program. The hush was few weeks he, with twenty-three broken now and again by strains of others, was received into the fellow- sweet music as the organist played ship of the church. familiar hymns.

The Chain Made Beautiful by The Chain Made Binding by the Variety in Links Spirft of Unity Chinese women singing, "Watch- Every report breathes a beautiful man, What of the Night?" antipho- spirit of unity. Women in the United nally; a Chinese woman reading the States and Canada, in city and village sixth chapter -of Isaiah and "explain- and country community, met together ing the metaphor, making the coals of to witness-not to the value of their

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

different denominations – but to the world and of a new desire to cooperate power of the living Christ. In foreign in all kingdom service. lands as well, the lines of demarcation, while never distinctly drawn, vanished Not on the stated Day of Prayer as women joined in prayer and praise alone, but throughout the year many to God. Christian women have been "continu- ing instant in prayer" joining the One Chinese woman expressed the Sabbath sunset circle of prayer. thought 'of many; "I thank you sincerely for making pos·sible this fellow- Courage, hope, strength, inspiration ship of intercession. Such a sharing and joy have come to the Church of of prayer life will do much to advance Christ throughout the world because the kingdom on earth." A Japanese of the united prayers of God's chilwoman writing of the meeting at dren. Osaka said; "Who can understand the Wherefore let thy voice rise blessing of the meeting except those For so the whole round earth is every who were there? All were happy to think that the women of the world way were praying for the same objects at Bound by gold chains about the feet of the same time." Far Manchuria, reporting their first observance of the God. day added; "Thank you for making it possible for us to take part in this uni- rHINESE WOMEN WHO SANG AT THE versal Day of Prayer." From a re- SBTlVICE IN ICHOWF'U, SHANTUNG, mote station in Africa came thanks for being permitted to participate in CHINA this world-wide service which, as they said, "brought fresh courage, fresh "Hold Fast in Prayer" hope, fresh inspiration to our jaded spirits." With this as her theme Miss Helen Tupper of Lucknow, India, has pre- The Bulu people felt the sense 'Of pared a beautiful program for the fellowship and expressed it in a splen- next observance of the World Day of did way. The pastor read a greeting Prayer, February 12, 1932. It has and the whole congregation yebe'ed been sent in mimeographed form to (agreed) ; foreign landB where it will be trans- lated into many native languages and To all fellow-worshipers observing the dialects and is also ready in printed World Day of Prayer: form. In order to continue giving the "Call to Prayer" and the "Call to We, meeting in the World Day of Prayer to Young People" free, it has Prayer in Elat, Cameroun, West Africa, been necessary to raise the price of give greetings to all of you in forty-four the program from $1.75 per hundred countries of the world. to $2.00. Price per single copy re- mains the same as in prevh)Us years Today we are happy to give thanks to ~2 cents. Suggestions to leaders will you, our brethren all over the world, be- be furnished free with order for procause certain women of the faith were grams. led by God to create such meetings as are held this day. This shows that you A "Call to Prayer" goes out to all are real gardeners in the garden of God, lands with this message prepared by that you watch and pray because you 8ra. Elisa de PaBcoe, of Mexico: fear the one who wars against the Father and His servants shall come and sow his seeds in the hearts of men.

From all over our own land and from every land come testimonies of joy in being privileged to join the Christian women of the entire world in this fellowship ()f prayer, and evidences of an increasing interest in the extension of Christ's kingdom in the

Ask-for a life 'Of deeper spirituality quarters of the denominational misthat there may come a world-wide Pente- sion boards. C'Ost. The Federation of Woman's Boards Seek-for a life of world-service as of Foreign Missions of North America, church members "that the world may be- National Council of Federated Church lieve." Women and Council of Women for Home Missions are the three interde- Seek-for a life of cooperation and nominational organizations which prounity among churches that the work of mote the World Day 'Of Prayer. If the kingdom may go forward. the reader lives in a community where an observance has not heretofore been Knock-that. the world's door may be held and wishes to start plans for one opened-the Gospel spread-the kingdom in 1932, write for advice and sugestablished. gestions to the Joint Committee on World Day of Prayer, Room 43, 105 It is not too early to place order East 22nd Street, New York, N. Y. for supplies, especially the "Call to Prayer" which may be used weeks be- A PRAYER FOR UNITY fore the day and also at the Sunset Hour each Sabbath until the World "0 God, who didst plan the Gospel Day of Prayer, March 3, 1933. :Bor an undivided Church, refuse not, because of the misunderstandings of Young people's groups are urged to its message which rend the unity of make similar use of the "Call to Christendom, to continue Thy saving Young People." work in the broken order of our mak- ing. Prosper the labor of all Churches The poster (14×22 inches) is the bearing the name of Christ and strivsame design as last year's with space ing to further righteousness and faith at the bottom for insertion of time in Him. Help us to place the truth and place for local meeting. By plac- above our conception of it and joyfully ing a poster in every church in the to recognize the presence of Thy Holy community, store windows and other Spirit wherever He may choose to places of prominence several weeks dwell among men. Teach us wherein before the observance, the date will be we are sectarian in our contention and well known and there will be less like- give us grace humbly to confess our lihood of conflicting engagements. fault to those whom in past days, our Price of the poster is 10 cents. communion has driven from its fellow- ship by ecclesiastical tyranny, spirit- One excellent way of making the ual barrenness or moral inefficiency, World Day of Prayer known is through that we may become worthy and comthe seals for envelopes and letter- petent to bind up in the Church the heads. These are the same design as wounds- of which we are guilty and so to hasten the day when there will be the poster, %xl % inches, 25 cents per one flock under one Shepherd, Jesus Christ, our Lord."-Bishop Brent, hundred, $1.75 per thousand. S01lthern Churchman.

The Service of Consecration, "Look- As we go to press, we learn that Helen ing Unto Jesus," by Jean Grigsby Tupper has become Mrs. H. A. Yusufji. Paxton is again available for use in Her marriage takes her to Jubbulpore, connection with the 1932 observance. India. It is suitable for use by the committee in charge prior to the observance or All things are possible to him who beon the day itself. Price is 10 cents. lieves; they are less difficult to him who hopes; they are easier to him who loves; A history of the World Day of and still more easy to him who practices Prayer will be sent on request. and perseveres in these three virtues.- Brother Lawrence. It is possible that other material may be issued for use on February 12, so watch future issues of this magazine for announcements as well as denominational publications.

All of the World Day of Prayer supplies are to be order(ld from head-

AMERICA mission been established among

During the last thirty years wonder- The Revolt in Cuba ful success has attended the mission- aries in this region, and it seems as if LATIN American unrest has spread only a lack of funds prevents the to Cuba and a serious revolution evangelization of a brave and interestwas threatened under the leadership ing people. of ex-President Menocal. Economic hardship, due to low price and super- fluity of sugar (selling at two cents a Chapel Auto in Puerto Rico pound), has added to the flame of political discontent. The present regime, T HE chapel auto is in service ill whatever party is in power, is always distant parts of the Island of blamed for hard times. Fighting be- Puerto Rico, often taking a little sidgan on August 9th, but the proclama- ing along some country road. Recently tion of marshall law by President Ma- the colporter pitched his tent in one chado, the capture of the ex-president, of the open spaces of a "barrio," and the defeat of the revolutionists (village) of Rio Piedras, where two seem to have suppre&sed the uprising. Sunday-schools are held on Sunday The revolutionists demanded: afternoons. A number in these chapel car services openly confessed Christ. The return to the constitution of 1901. The Christians stand, if necessary, all The reorganization of political parties. through the services, to give their Freedom of press and speech. seats to those who come as strangers A new census and new elections. to the tent, many of whom are hearing Resignation of President Machada, the Gospel for the first time. Candi- "who has unconstitutionally extended his dates, gathered together to be intenure of office." structed, often are numerous enough to make up a congregation. They are Such political and economic trouble taught to pray, to sing the Gospel severely harrasses the work of the message, and to live the Chdstian Christian churches. The American way; they are also taught to give. Presbyterian, Baptists, Methodists and A large number of earnest workers, others have built up a strong work with their pastor, a"e taking the Gosand are cooperating harmoniously, but pel message to the interior homes, far the present poverty is proving a very removed from the central highway.- serious handicap. Watchnwn-Examiner.

Chilean Indians Chile in Confusion T HE South American Missionary ABOUT three months ago Chile be- Society draws attention to the ft came tired of the dictatorship of needs of the Araucanians of southern Chile. For three centuries this tribe President Carlos Ibanez and the fires of Indians heroically struggled against the invader, and in spite of having to stand against European arms and of revolt spread. Wild scenes were methods of warfare, they never ac- enacted in the city streets. As a re- knowledged defeat. The descendants suIt the dictator fled. Then the navy of these warriors still occupy the lands mutinied under Communist impulses for which their forefathers suffered and threatened to set up a Soviet and died. Naturally, they distrusted regime. The mutiny has now been the foreigner, and only recently has a quelled and order established but Com- 861

munist fires smoulder under the sur- mental .outfit. I showed him Luke 22: face. The Chilean Army, under the 36, explaining that Christ and His military dictator, increased from 30,- KingdDm .had been rejected, the new 000 to 70,000 and the national debt order 'Of things which would have been from $125,000,000 to $500,000,000. -ushered in under his reign being re- The Chilean people seek relief from fused by religiDus leaders of his day.

militarism and from over-burdening [But in the account .of the incident in taxation; they need enlightenment in Matthew 26: 52, Jesus rebuked Peter the teachings of Christ concerning the for his use of the sWDrd.] I then told true basis of peace, righteousness and them 'Of the day when Christ shall re- good will. turn to earth and when spears and Revival in Peru swords shall be beaten into plDwshares and war shall cease. There was great DR. GEORGE RIDOUT, after con- astonishment and hungry questions." ducting evangelistic meetings in Lima, Peru, said: "My experience in EUROPE Lima teaches me that a revival of re- Novel Non-Churchgoer Campaign ligion is possible anywhere if God's ANGLICAN and NDnconformist people will meet the conditions." churches in CrDyd'On (LondDn) conducted a novel campaign tD reach Referring to an aeroplane tour of nonchurchgDers. The Bishop of Cr'Oy- dDn and Mr. Idris Evans bODked the South America by Rev. Harry Strach- most popular .open-air cricket pitches an, the editor of the Latin American Evangeli8t, writes: Time was when we thought it abso- for a series of meetings for the eXP'Osilutely necessary to the evangelization of tiDn of Christianity in the light of the continent that God should raise up mDdern knowledge' and social condieloquent Latin American evangelists. tions. At each meeting there was an The years have taught us wisdom. To- address .on a s12ecial subject by an exday, we are asking God to put His Spirit pert, and then time was devoted to upon all the native believers, however answering questions. The devDtional humble, and send them out into the high- part of the service was eliminated. ways and byways to gather in such as The Bish'OP spDke every night fDr a shall be saved. Our converts everywhere week, and was supported by all the are humble people, but they are in touch clergy and ministers of the borDugh. with multitudes of their own class–the Social and industrial questions were class that constitutes the vast majority. discussed, as well as theological and If they were filled with the Holy Spirit, philDsophical problems. Hecklers were how their love and zeal would speed them given full 'Opportunity by the speakers. with the message into'places where the missionary cannot go! Out on the coffee Religion in Norway Schools plantations, the peon would tell his fel-. lows; the washerwoman down by the RELIGION is included in the curricriver side would tell in her own way of ulum .of the scho'Ols in Norway and the joy and peace that are hers, because in other cDuntries with a state religiDn, "Jesus came into her heart." Wherever these believers are aflame with love to Christ. they are doing just that, with blessed results in souls saved.

Evangelizing Chile's Armies according to the United States Office .of EducatiDn. The religiDus instruc- MR. AND MRS. WILLIAM M. tiDn is usually listed first 'On the pro- STRONG, whD have been preach- gram. The age of confirmatiDn in the ing tD natiDnal troDps in both Chile Norwegian Lutheran Church is nDr- and Ecuador consider this the most mally fourteen, that is, at the clDse .of interesting .of all their South Ameri- the folke8kole, (primary: schDDI) when can ministry. At the clDse of a series the child has completed his first step 'Of meetings the oomma:rulante, sur- in religious training. The aim of the rDunded by his officers, asked: "'How CDurse in the middlekole, (secDndary do you reconcile the teachings of Jesus schoDl) is "tD secure a definite knowl- Christ with this 7" indicating the regi- edge of the mDst impDrtant content 'Of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Bible history, the principal events in 1925. Nine denominations are included church history, together with the in the Council, only the Reformed Christian fundamentals according to churches having as yet refrained from the evangelical Lutheran faith." joining.

Million Dollar Church in Paris Religious Liberty in Italy THE American Church of Paris, a T HE Council of the World's Evan- union Protestant church whose first gelical Alliance has addressed a building was opened in 1857, dedicated letter to Signor Mussolini thanking its new million dollar edifice in Sep- him for "the recent promulgation of tember. The minister, Rev. Joseph W. Decree.'l of the Italian Government un- Cochran, is a Presbyterian, formerly .der which liberty of conscience and of Philadelphia and New York. The worship, first granted in Italy in 1861, church is free from debt, two Amer- is reaffirmed and substantiated for all icans having given $350,000 toward classes and creeds in the Italian kingthe building. Many of the stained dom." The following reply has been glass windows are gifts of American received through the Italian Ambasfriends of the church. The church is sador in London: "I am instructed by a positive influence in the city and is the Head of the Italian Government looked to for spiritual guidance by to thank you on his behalf for your many who have long since broken con- letter of the 2nd July last, and convey tact with their traditional religion. to you his most sincere appreciation The press in all parts of the republic of your acknowledgment of his action is opening its pages as never before in favor of liberty of conscience and to the news of evangelical progress. worship in Italy."

Gospel for Gypsies Finnish Mission Society ABOUT six years ago Jaija Sattler, FROM the annual report of Director member of a gypsy tribe of horse Tarkkanen of the Finnish Mission traders in north Germany, confessed Society, it appears that in Africa, Christ and has since worked as evan- where the Society has been at work gelist among gypsies. Last year he for 60 years, the doors are wide open translated John's Gospel in their dia- for the Gospel. The present number lect and 562 copies of the little book, of Christians in this field is 25,000. bound in red, the gypsy favorite color, During the past year 1,195 candidate~ were distributed during the summer. have applied for baptism.

The gypsies are not educated, nor The work in China is laboring unhave they a literature for preserving der the stress of the times but as a their language. Spending their lives result of the difficulties the Christians on the move, with only occasional there have experienced a deepening of gathering of their clans, their speech their faith and the work has been has fallen into many dialects. This carried forward. In spite of the ravnecessitates the printing of very small ages caused by Communists and baneditions in each dialect, with frequent dits, the hindering of the work, the changes in translation. plundering and destruction of stations, the work itself has &'Qne on. There Holland Has Church Council were 67 baptisms which under the circumstances is considered a very en- A COUNCIL of Churches in the couraging number. Besides, the pros- Netherlands came into being this pects for educational work are bright. year and held its first meeting on May The area oomprises a population of 28, in Utrecht. This most recent of three and one-half millions and among the developments in church federation these there are five male missionaries in Europe is a direct outcome of the at work (with only three married) Universal Christian Conference on and five unmarried female mission- Life and Work, held in Stockholm in

aries. The board is working with a curved in to the pinnacle. ThecSe domes deficit 'of 313,000 marks. were so graceful that they looked like golden bubbles 'On the tops of the (JowDlunism. Decreasing towers. The whole structure stood as E XCEPT in Germany and the Unit- a monument of Russian art and re- ed States, the membership of the ligion. But the Soviets put dynamite Communist Party is said to be now under it and reduced it to a mass of considerably less than it was a few broken stone. This piece of vandalism years ago. This fact was stated at is an illustration of what the anti- the recent meeting of the Communist religious Communists would like to do International Executive Committee in to God and to all religious faith. Their Moscow. Great Britain's figures indi- attitude and acts are a result of igno- cate that Communism finds its most rance, blindness and stupidity. Even favorable soil in times of local unrest. sceptics cry 'Out against such foolish The highest recorded membership of and destructive violence.

the Party in England was 10,730 in September, 1926, during the closing AFR,1;CA of the mines. In 1921 there were 10,- Conference on Children 000 members; early in 1931, 2,711 AN INTERNATIONAL Conference only. A notable feature of the Com- .t:. on African Children, organized munist Party's experience is the ra- by the "Save the Children Inter- pidity with which its new members national Union" wa,s held at Geneva drop away. Considering, therefore, during the summer. Nine experts that the latest figures must still in- were sent by the British Government.

clude a proportion of what might be The Belgian and Italian Governments called "floating" members, the solid were also represented. Delegates from membership of the Party in Great many denominations, including mis- Britain possibly does not much exceed sionaries and several Negroes from 1,000. The heavy loss of new mem- Africa and America took an active bers is almost certainly accounted for part in the discussions. It was de- by two causes: first, that Communism cided that a permanent center of in- promises to the needy and disaffected formation regarding African children what it cannot perform; second, that should be established in Geneva under the Party demands from its members the international union.

a degree of discipline and proselytiz- Conclusions regarding infant mor- ing labor such as only the fanatical tality, education and child labor will are prepared to give. Communism is be submitted to the colonial powers a most exacting form of slavery, and concerned, and to all colonial adminis- not, as is sometimes assumed, a doc- trations in Africa.

trine of perfect freedom.-The Chris- tian (London). Prohibition in Abyssinia Russians Blow Up Cathedral! PROHIBITION agitation has per- meated Ethiopia, says Addison E. Southard, American Minister t'O Abys- T HE Soviet Russians have blown up sinia. the great Cathedral of Moscow, built by Alexander I in commemora- Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethition of the defeat of Napoleon. This opia, claims descent from Solomon and was one of the great pieces of Russian the Queen of Sheba. architecture. Its walls rose foursquare pierced by slender windows, on the The Berhanena Salama-Abyssinia's four corners were small towers sur- on:Jy nationally read newspaper- speaks thus of intoxicating drink: mounted with domes, and out of the The harm caused by drink shops is vast structure rose the great central worthy of serious consideration. Prodome, consisting of a tower-like colon- prietors of lands alongside the roads naded base which swelled out and then build two Dr three or more ShDPS, accord- ing to their means, and rent them out.

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The greater number of these places are teachers, and sent Europeans there, operated as drink shops. In order that they found at least 20,000 who stood receipts may not diminish, the operators steadfastly by the little they had of these shops invite musicians. When learned, waiting for the further light. passers-by hear the voices of musicians they are attracted by the music. Some Other African prophets have been young men approach the shops and listen. They see the home brew displayed in a menace to truth. Carried away by decanters, and they say: "Let us buy a piaster's worth and taste it." ·selfish ambition they have threatened both government and right conduct. Attracted by the conversation, they South Africa has had a succession of tarry and decide to drink more. The these. But instances are not lacking musicians request them to give their where religious awakening has come names. After they have given their through visions to those with Chrisnames the musicians begin to praise tian tendencies. One man, who apthem. parently died, sat up and told of a journey into another world, to a bright Drink shops should be forbidden, as and shining city where all were dressed they have become the source of all sins. in spotless white. One had come and told him to return to earth and call African. Gifts for Education. the people to give up beer and polyga- my and believe the Word of God. His ON THE Buwalasi plateau, 500 feet words were heard with awe by those up on Mount Elgon (Kenya Col- who had gathered to mourn. When ony), a training institution for clergy the man recovered he went everyand teachers is being erected by the where, speaking this simple Gospel of Church Missionary Society. Part of repentance and whoie villages were the money was contributed in England moved by the word of one who seemed and Ireland' and now Archdeacon to have heard in the spirit world the Mathers is bringing the scheme before message that confirmed the mission- African chiefs and congregations in ary's Gospel. the diocese. On one such occasion he says: Revolt in. Belgian Congo The chiefs rose one by one and depre- ECONOMIC depression is felt in the cated the selfish uses of money, county remote Kwango district of Belchiefs promising 100 to 200 shillings, gian Congo in the lowered price of smaller chiefs 60s., 50s., 40s., etc. A na- palm nuts, and the government is contive policeman gave lOs., teachers gave sidering the necessity for a fixed price more than a month's wage. A blind girl because of the natives' inability to gave 2s.; a man going on hands and understand economic fluctuation. Reknees 2s. At Lira when the school chil- cently, serious trouble was precipitated dren were asked if they could manage by so-called "Sons of Satan," a tribe 1008., immediately a forest of hands shot of devil worshipers. A prophet, anup. The people are also bravely tackling nounced that Satan was coming, and the erection of a church to cost £1,000. would bring money, provisions, and It was amusing at several places, where clothes. Natives erected huts around many could not find room inside the their villages, with gifts for Satan, as church, to see heads popping in at small they awaited his arrival. Then the windows, eager to make their promises. natives decided to expel the white man The promises in all amounted to about and dispose of everything belonging £250 ($1,220). to the Europeans. Trouble began in earnest, and rebellion followed. A -The Hope of Africa. European official was seized, killed and eaten by the natives. Punitive meas- "Prop,hets" in A.frica ures on a large .scale were then under- taken, and the revolt has been sub- ONE of the most striking phases of dued. African character is seen in the influence of so-called prophets.

William Harris was an unlettered catechumen of the Wesleyan Mission, who carried his burning zeal for the simple message of Christ all over the Ivory Coast, until French authorities deported him. When the Wesleyans heard the cry of his followers for 5

Religious Freedom in Sudan WESTERN ASIA A MOHAMMEDAN girl of the Su- Moslem Appraises Christian Mis"ions dan recently became a Christian. In Egypt, Copts may turn to Islam, AN ARTICLE in a Moroccan paper, and hundreds do, but in spite of by an outstanding Syrian, speaks constitutional religious liberty, if a on the nonpolitical character of Chris- Mohammedan wishe·s to become a tian missions: Christian, he meets opposition from all sides, and the law is no help to him. It has seemed good to many Moslems, The Egyptian Government has at times insisted upon young women, who whenever propagandists of the Gospel had become Christians, returning to their Mohammedan relatives or guard- appear in any corner of the Moslem ians. The Sudan Government, on the contrary, refused to return the young lands, to say, This is all machination for Mohammedan girl referred to above, to her Mohammedan relative·s on the the purpose of colonizing. I have always ground that she was of age. She has since been baptized, and is in active been and still am against this idea….. . Christian service.-AUiance Weekly. Those who invite to Christianity, and "TThe Hope of ./.frica HE two greatest fO.rces fO.r good who risk their lives for its sake in that are at work III AfrIca today are without doubt the Christian the farthest lands-despising killing, or home and the Christian school," writes a missionary of the Church Mission- death from cholera, or sleeping sickness; ary Society at Gulu, in the Eastern Province of Uganda. "It is the Chris- accepting gladly in its course a rough tian pupils in our schools who are the hope of Africa. It is they who will lhiof~eess,epaanrdatiootnherfrothmingths eir people and make or mar the nation, and so we th at are dear must fit them, body, mind, and spirit, for the tasks that lie before them. To to a man-do not endure all these hard- ships ……for the seeking of worldly aims, but have other-worldly purposes purely; they desire, according to their thought, to guide the rest of mankind into the right way. Truly, I respect these groups …… with all respect, and hope that there may be in Islam some to un- dertake one-tenthousandth part of what these undertake of sacrifice in such a course …… The great mass of them go to all parts of the world, and risk danger, and strive day and night to spread their religion and their intelligence without expecting rewards or thanks. Where are the preachers of Islam, callers to the Koran, who will give generously of their means; cross the deserts, and climb the mountains, and travel the seas to spread the word of monotheism? Where are the societies organized for this praiseworthy purpose?-Alliance Weekly.

do this we must train up more African United Missionary Council men and women who will in their T HE biennial meeting of the United turn lead their pupils 'on to be the best Missioriary Council of Syria and they can be for Christ and for their Palestine, held in Beirut last spring, own people. The call comes for more was the first attended by regular deleworkers to go out to these people. gates from evangelical churches of the Educational work is full of interest two countries. One of the first tasks and fascination in the Elgon Mission of the Educational Union was to surtoday, and full of untold possibilities. vey the extensive areas of Syria and Thousands are clamoring for knowl- Palestine unoccupied by any missionedge and yet there are all too few ary agency. Hundreds of villages are teachers and schools. The people are still untouched, but the new attitude most responsive. 'Send us a teacher,' of receptivity among the non-Chrisis their cry again and again, and often tian population is a challenge. There there are no teachers to send. Surely is an eagerness for education and litwe, with all the educational advan- erature. There is a breaking down tages we enjoy at home ought to give of the extreme rigidity of Islam and them a Christian education that will of the former prejudice against changchange the life of the country." ing one's religron. Public baptisms

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are possible and converts may ever re- American Board missionary institu- main in their old environment, and tions in Turkey from the point of view there witness for Christ. of religIous education. – The Congre- Other "finding,s" included: The or- gationalist.

ganization of the Christian Medical Council of Syria and Palestine; the INDIA AND BURMA establishment of a clearing house for Gandhi's Appeal for India M information about the development of AHATMA GANDHI gave his first radio broadcast from London and religious and political movements in this area; and an annual life-work it was heard in America on September conference for boys. 13th. He said: "On behalf of India's Prison for "Yellow" Editors semi-starved millions, I appeal to the conscience of mankind to come to the T HE L"nited Press states that news- rescue of people who are dying in or- papers in Turkey must be digni- der to regain their liberty." He defied, or their editors will go to jail. A scribed the human race as "sick unto new law prohibits the elaborating of death of blood-spilling" and as seeking reports of murders, burglaries, and another method of settling differences.

suicides. Any attacks on the institu- "Perhaps it will be the privilege of the tion of monogamous marriage are for- ancient land of India to show the way bidden, as well as detailed reports of out to a hungering world!"

divorce proceedings. It is said that The thing which impressed listeners the highly CO'lored representations of was its sincerity and his admissions suicides in particular, which have ap- of the weakness of the case which he peared in the Turkish press, have been represents. He expressed humiliation responsible for prompting a wave of that Hindus believe that millions of suicides among the young, especially their countrymen are born "untouch- among Turkish women and students. ables." He spoke frankly of the vio- lent divisions between Moslems and Religious Education – Without Reli- Hindus and offered to sign a blank gion'! piece of paper letting his Moslem CAN the religion of Jesus be caught friends write out the agreement. Mr. without being taught? This is a Gandhi is descended from a line of real problem in missionary work. The prime minister,s in his native state.

Turkish Government has placed in- Before he abjured worldly gain, he creasingly stringent regulations in the was earning a good income as an at- way of religious instruction in the torney in British courts. The loincloth schools and other institutions main- that he wears is his armor and a tained bv the American Board in Asia badge of honor, showing his selfsacri- Minor. . The Bible cannot be taught, ficing spirit in the efforts to bring nor religious services held in connec- peace and prosperity to India.

tion with school' work. The teachers are forbidden to discuss religion with Poverty and Illiteracy in India anyone under eighteen years of age T HE report of the British Royal Commission on Labor in India, without the parents' consent. with -seven Indians, and represent- How far can Christian faith be atives of employers and workmen and propagated by ,simple "contagion of character"? Is it sufficient for a mis- one woman, is generallyconsidered the sionary to merely live a truly Chris- most valuable document ever produced tian life without overt efforts at evan- giving reliable and impartial informagelism? These are interesting questions, and exceedingly practical ones. tion about labor conditions in India. W. A. Harper, formerly president of The report says: Elon College, has sailed for the Near East to study the present work of the In India nearly the whole mass of in- dustrial labor is illiterate, a state of affairs which is unknown in any other

country of industrial importance. It is expenditure of about $900,000. This almost impossible to overestimate the will provide a beautiful chapel, two consequences of this disability, which are classroom buildings, library, four labobviously in wages, in health, in produc- oratories, an administration building, tivity, in organization and several other a students union club house, six dordirections. Modern machine industry de- mitories, a swimming pool, athletic pends in a peculiar degree on education, grounds and 35 bungalows for the and the attempt to build it up with an faculty. illiterate body of workers must be difficult and perilous.

Decline of Drink Tramc A Boy in Tra.ining F T IGURES of the excise revenues of HE story of Jito, one of the stu- India for the year, April, 1930, to dents at Ewing Christian High March, 1931, show evidence of con- School, Ludhiana, is as an example of siderable decline. The anti-drink cam- the type of boy who seeks education paign carried on by the National there. Jito enrolled a number of years Congress and its thQusands of volun- ago with a desire for an education, teers all over the country is an im- but had little money with which to portant factor in bringing about this pay his expenses. A friend paid part decline in the revenues from intoxi- and he received a scholarship. He cut cating drink. The general economic kindling wood and worked at any odd depression has also made its contribu- job which he could get. tion, for people naturally give up non- Jito is from the depressed (out- essentials when their ineome declines. caste) classes. He told the principal The total loss of excise revenues for last winter that his greatest desire in one year in all the provinces is 34,- life was to become a Christian min- 845,000 rupees, (about $13,500,000). ister. With that as his goal he is attending a training class for teachers Christian Educa.tion for Men and after that will learn a trade, per- DR. E. D. LUCAS, President of For- haps weaving, so that he will have man Christian College, recently -some means of helping to support himsaid that the next ten years in India self, should his congregation not be are going to be perhaps the most able to meet all his expenses.

critical years in India'-s long history: Fifty Years in Ongole and what India becomes and does in these ten years will be of great sig- T HE golden jubilee of the Ongole nificance to the entire world. He con- High School in South India was tinued: celebrated early this year. During "America has done big things in these past fifty years more than 4,200 Christian education for China, the boys have attended this American Philippines, the Near 'East and for Baptist Mission school. The influence Egypt, but we have not a single well- of this institution among the Telugus endowed or well-equipped American can scarcely be overestimated. Gradu- Christian college for men in India. A ates are filling positions of trust both college, which for the present receives in and out of the mission, ranging substantial help in men and money from doctors in mission hospitals, from America, with its -spirit and con- teachers and headmasters in schools, trol thoroughly Indian, is what Chris- from village primary to normal train- tian India wants for the training of ing schools, agriculturalists, clerks, her best sons and for helpful, fruitful school inspectors, agents in govern- service to non-Christian India. ment offices, and many other positions "For this new college of our dreams, of interest. Those in charge of the we have secured and'paid for the new school aim so to permeate the institu- site of 200 acres, we have in the sale tion with the spirit of Christ, and value of our present site about $500,- surround the boys with the Christian 000. Our building plans call for an atmosphere that they will be eager

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and ready to represent him in what- CH.~A ever work they do in India.-Watchman-Examiner. Christianity at Work Christian Leadership in Burma DR. C. Y. CHENG, foremost Chris- tian leader of China, was a rJ' HRA )fAUNG YIN is a product speaker at the International C. E. .1 of foreign missions. His efficiency, Convention in San Francisco. His observations on the religious tug of zeal and wise administration have war going on in China are of interest. brought him deserved commendation. He says that the spirit of bewilder- He is an acknowledged leader, wise in ment has passed and a changed attiall his efforts, commanding the respect tude from inertia to activity has come and good will of all races among whom over the Christian Church, which has he works. been kept busy during the past two years in practical projects for the un- When he enlisted for work among fortunate. Many forms of applied rethe non-Christians during his first long ligion have been attempted with good vacation while attending the Theo- effects, notably the famine relief work logical Seminary, the villagers where for the ·suffering millions. The Nawe asked him to stay and work re- tional Christian Council is considering fused to receive him, yet he quietly practical measures for helping the stayed, helping them in their houses economic conditions. A number of and field manual work, meantime gain- Christian Qr semi-Christian organizaing the interest and cooperation and tions are facing some of the more admiration of the children. Then he urgent social problems, such as child started a school and of course estab- welfare, opium traffic and mass edulished a choir. The pupils helped him cation. There is also a new consciousbuild a rough school building, but it ness of the importance of the home, was soon burned. They built another and much attention has been given to and that, too, was burned. Somewhat efforts for the christianization of the later they built a third which is still home life of China. standing. When he had to go back to the Seminary they all begged him On the other hand, opposing forces to come back to them during the next against Christianity have never been vacation. so bold and positive in their denunci- ations and criticisms. More literature That was almost 30 years ago and has been published in recent years now that village is Christian and the against the Christian religion than in center of several other villages which all past years; yet the circulation of also have become Chri.stian. There is the Bible has been singularly successno church which would not gladly call ful. General Chang Chih-chiang orhim as pastor if a new one were re- dered specially bound copies from the quired. American Bible Society for his Chris- tian and non-Christian friends, and He served for two years as chaplain had printed on the covers, "This is during the War and baptized 137 con- the greatest book in the world." verts from his regiment, Burmans, Pwo Karens and Sgaw Karens, who Missionaries and the Church in China have stood the test of time admirably. The English commanding officer ex- THE position of the missionary in pressed the greatest regret that he the Church of Christ in China is could not stay longer and gave him discussed in an address by Dr. A. R. the highest recommendation as to his Kepler, General Secretary of the Seccharacter and abilities. ond Assembly of the Church of Christ in China. Because of the lack of uni- It is now his ambition to have every formity in practice Dr. Kepler makes church in the Baptist Association a the following proposals :- center of evangelism, dennitely pledged to active participation. – Dr. C. A. Nichols.

(1) That missionaries now holding ing a worthy reply to her detractors membership only in the Church in in the Five-Year Movement, 8eeking China be advised to restore their mem- to build up her own spiritual life, make bership in their Mother Church in the active Christian centers of her homes, West. (2) That we urge all local reach out to the unevangelized with churches, district associations and the Gospel of Christ, and to offer servsynods to receive missionaries work- ice to the illiterate, the ignorant, the ing in the Church in China as cooper- poor and oppressed, the victims of an ative members, and that as long as unjust social order and the rapidly dethey work in our Church, they shall vel9ping industrial system. 5. Rural have all the privileges and responsi- church work has entered on a new bilities that the Chinese have in the era of effectiveness. 6. Most signifisame work. (3) That we ask each cant was the public baptism of the church, district association and synod virtual President of the Republic, to provide on its membership rolls a Chiang K'ai-Shek. classification known as cooperative members, on which the missionaries Communism.'s Strength and Weakness working under the control of our Church shall be placed. (4) That other T HE present strength of Commumissionaries not working under the nism in China is seen in the folcQntrol of the Church in China, but lowing figures: their five generals working in affiliated organizations, control four armies totaling 60,000 such as the Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. C. soldiers. A., National Christian Council, Christian Literature Society, etc., may also These Communists operate in five be made cooperative members by the provinces, actually rule over 50,000 vote of the local church, district as- square miles, have the cooperation of sociation or synod. (5) Where the wife Russia, the ,sympathy and support of of a missionary does full-time WQrk millions of peasants and workers, and under the Church, she shall, as a mem- when they are attacked by national ber of the local church, have all the troops, groups of mutino~s soldiers privileges of church members.-The continually join them. In two vears United Church Review. they caused 28 mutinies in th~ na- tional armie;; and stirred up 184 The Church Marches On strikes in Shanghai alone. T. T. Lew reports that of 600 books printed in T HE London Missionary Society China during the first five months of thus sums up the progress made 1930, two-thirds were on social probby the Chinese Christian Church. 1. lems, and at least 400 were colored by The violent anti-foreign movement Communism or were thoroughly Comhas shorn the Church of political pres- munistic. Their leaders are well edutige, leaving her stronger spiritually, cated and courageous; many have and free to become a veritable Chinese studied in Moscow or other places in Church. 2. The same thing ·stimulated, Europe. even precipitated, the growth of selfgovernment. The Church during this Withal, it is not considered likely time has taken over from the missions that Communism will dominate China many responsibilities and is preparing because it violates the Chinese demoto assume more. 3. The union of Con- cratic instinct, her social and family gregational and Presbyterian elements ideas, as well as her love of comprois attracting to itself other denomina- mise and peaceful methods. tional groups and is building up a strong Church organization. A pro- Peaceful Activities of the Army visional General Assembly was held in 1925, and the first full meeting two FOR the first time in the history of years ·later. 4. The church is mak- China, soldiers of the National Army have been utilized in a purely civil undertaking completely in charge of civilians, acccrding to a letter re-

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ceived by the Board of Foreign Mis- was a burglar and although the missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. sionary had not aimed to kill him and S. A. The occasion was the formal had not even intended to wound him, opening of the $1,000,000 Satochu still the shooting was not justifiable. Canal on the Yellow River, running They said: almost 50 miles to the Black River, with about 150 miles of branch water- Although Dr. Tucker, in protecting the ways cutting off from the main canal. hospital property, felt it necessary to The soldiers in uniform were im- shoot, certainly the taking of life is conpres,sed into the service in order to trary to the purpose of a missionary in have the canal ready on schedule time. coming to China. As the missionary pro- The canal was conceived and consum- claims the Gospel of Jesus, who sacrificed mated in the hope that it will help His life for others, so the missionary's convert the Yellow River, known as acts should exemplify the Christian "China's Sorrow," into "China's Bless- spirit. Accordingly the present group ing." absolutely disapproves of this fatal shooting, unintentional though it was, " 0A Chinese ArDlY Decalogue and likewise disapproves of a mission- MEA," an organization of influ- ary using deadly firearms to protect ence in the nationalist armies of property. China, signifies "Officers Moral Endeavor Association." The body is pat- The American and British business terned after the Y. M. C. A. and has men in China have strongly taken the adopted ten commandments formu- opposite view. Certainly the incident lated by General Chiang Kai-shek, is much to be regretted, although the president. They are: missionary may be exonerated. It is the conviction of many Christians that 1. Thou shalt not covet rifles. the taking of the life of another is not 2. Thou shalt not fear to die. justifiable, even in the defence of one's 3. Thou shalt not ostentatiously personal life and property.

show thyself. JAPAN-CHOSEN 4. Thou shalt not be proud. 5. Thou shalt not be lazy. Lack of Religious Liberty in Japan 6. Thou shalt not commit adultery CHRISTIAN schools in Japan have nor gamble. been laboring under a serious 7. Thou shalt not smoke. handicap in their effort to provide re- 8. Thou shalt not borrow money. ligious education for their students. 9. Thou shalt not drink wine. 10. Thou shalt not lie. On August 3, 1899, the Department of Education issued a regulation which Shan Missionaries Shoot? reads as follows: T HE fatal shooting of a Chinese Since it is highly important to keep burglar by Dr. F. F. Tucker, in general education separate from religion, the Williams-Porter Hospital of the therefore it shall not be allowed in American Board Mission at Tehchow government and public schools and in last July, created a diplomatic incident schools conforming to the curriculum which was settled by the release of the ordained by law, to conduct religious missionary in custody of the Ameri- ceremonies even outside of the regular can consul at Tsinan. Twenty-seven curriculum. members ,of the American Board Mission, of which Dr. Tucker was a mem- This ordinance has forbidden reliber, sent a statement of their attitude gious instruction and religious ceretoward the incident to the vernacular monies in all government and public and English-language pres,s. These schools and in all schools which sought missionaries, who did not sign their full government recognition. names, held that, although the Chinese Schools which were willing to for- feit the privileges and advantages of government recognition could p"ovide for religious education in their cur- riculum and hold religious meetings in their school buildings. Such schools are at a great disadvantage because

of the fact that graduates of recog- rate per 1,000 fell from 19.6 to 16.7, nized public schools may go on to and the infant mortality fell to 65 per higher institutions without an exam- 1,000 births as compared to the averination: also these students get the age of 156 for the whole of Japan. privilege of postponing military training until after graduation, and they The National Brewers and Distillers get preferential treatment in securing League faces the probability (on their government appointments and public own e·stimate) of a decreased coneducational institutions. sumption this year of 25 per cent and memoralized the Government to forbid The result is that ambitious young all in official positions from in any way people apply first of all to government supporting or furthering the Temand public institutions and if they fail perance Movement! to get in there they take the Christian and private schools as a second choice. Hara Kiri and Temperance This means that the best and brightest students, as a rule, are found in AT THE annual conference of the government and public schools while Japan Temperance League, in the Christian and other private schools ancient capital of Nara, 800 represenhave to be content with students of. tative tempe"ance workers gathered lesser ability. from practically every prefecture in the empire. There are now 2,111 tem- A Dry Villa.ge in Japan perance societies reported, an increase of 555 during the year. NOTO,a village of 3,000 population, is the first "dry" village in Japan. The sacrificial enthusiasm of the (There are now 54 dry, in whole or in workers for temperance is shown in part.) When the village school was the remarkable fact that a year ago destroyed by fire five years ago the 54 persons banded themselves tovillage was too poor to rebuild. At gether, vowing each to organize one that time the average amount spent new society during the year or else yearly by the villagers in sake was commit hara kiri before the assembled about Yen 9,000. They figured that delegates! This band was able to refive years' abstinence would build a port 85 new societies due to the efforts new school and by vote of the Village of members. The "Hara Kiri" Band Council decided to go "dry" for a five- was reorganized with 85 members this year period. That new school build- year. ing has now been paid for, and the benefit of abstinence has been so The average amount of sake manumarked that the council voted to ex- factured in the empire during the five tend the term for five years further. years 1925-29 shows a decrease of 6% Mr. Moriyama, headman of the village, per cent over the previous five years. gives statistics showing that progress There is, however, a 16 per cent per had been made in every department. capita increase over the year 1913. The total taxes on sake amount to Yen In 1925 there were in Co-op. Society 20,000,000 per year. 369 members with Yen 27,819 deposits. Crisis in Christian Education In 1930 there were in Co-op. Society 523 members with Yen 37,973 deposits. T HERE is a general feeling that all is not well with Christian educa- In 1925 there were P.O. Savings by tion in Japan. There is a growing 1,787 persons of Yen 4,797. spirit of dissatis{action with things as they are. The tendency has been In 1930 there were P.O. Savings by to leave some weakness as an inevi- 2,546 persons of Yen 9,395. table result of circumstances over which Christian educators have no Health was better. Men reported control; but today the question is beas able to do twice as much work as ing asked seriously as to whether these before. Patients in the local hospitals circumstances are not threatening the decreased steadily from 206 in 1925 to 113 in 1930. The general death

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

very raison d'etre of Christian edu- nese. Possibly they were stimulated cation. Two suggestions seem to be by Japanese of the sQ-called Man- outstanding in the minds of those churia-MongQlia party who are agitat- who have given their best thought Qn ing to extend Japan's sphere of in- the subject. One is the need of a fluence in these two regions. The drastic reduction of numbers, the Japanese authQrities apparently were Qther is a fearless PQlicy of unity. For very remiss in failing to protect the the future of Christian education the Chinese and to disbul"Se the Korean two must stand or fall together; but mobs. The police claimed to' have in- either, if carried into effect, will re- sufficient forces at hand but a few quire courageQUS action. Will the armed Japanese police might have con- churches and mission boards allQw trolled the situation. Only the lQwer such actiQn to be taken? – Japan classes of Koreans – ignorant and Ch1'istian Quarterly. easily inflamed tQQk part in the at- tacks. Whenever Japanese soldiers or A Japanese Philanthropist armed police appeared on the scene AJAPANESE layman, who is al- they had no difficulty in restoring or- ready giving a son to the church's der. ministry, is now establishing a trust fund of about $100,000 gold, the in- The Chinese are convinced that the come to be used fQr the church in the attacks were at least winked at by the Tohoku District, after the death of Japanese authorities in Qrder to crethe donor and his wife, It is an epoch- ate a situation that would justify the marking event. occupation of new districts in Man- churia. The Chinese Consul General Dr. Imaizumi, the giver, it fine in SeQul reports that attention Qf Christian gentleman and a professQr Japanese authorities was called to ruin the Imperial University at Sendai, mors of impending riots but this said simply that he felt everything he notice was ignored. The subsequent possessed he held in trust fQr GQd and occupatiQn of Mukden by Japanese His Church and that the time had troops gives additional cause for suscO'me when he must prepare to give piciQn that the military party in Japan up his stewardship. is nQt guiltless.

As a result of these cQnflicts, China Chinese in Chosen has refused Japanese cQntributi{)ns to- UNFORTUNATE attacks Qn Chi- ward relief of flood sufferers, has de- nese occured last July in several clared a boycott on Japanese goods Korean cities, and several hundred in- and has appealed to' the League of nQcent Chinese were killed or severely Nations to' investigate the Manchurian injured. Many shQPs and hQmes were situation.

alsO' burned 0'1' IOQted and hundreds of thQusands of dQllars WQrth Qf gQQds Christisns in Korea A were destrQYed. The attacks seem to' J APANESE gentleman recently told his traveling cQmpanion Qn have started in Gensan and later spread to PYengyang, Seoul and other the train that abQut half of the Korean centers. The immediate cause was peQple were Christians, While this is dQubtless the "WanpaQshan Incident" far frQm true, none can deny that the when a clash occurred Qn July 2nd Christian religiQn is a vital and in- between the KQreans and Chinese in creasingly potent factor in the lives of cQnnectiQn with the excavatiQn Qf a the Koreans. The extreme poverty, river channel. superstitiQn and ignorance of the peo- From the most authentic reports it ple, and the absence of traditional seems evident that some Japanese lQyalty to other weIl-Qrganized faiths, newspapers enlarged and misrepre- has given the Christians a peculiar sented the "incident" fQr the purpose advantage in Chosen. The tQtal num- of inflaming Koreans against the Chi- ber Qf KQrean cQmmunicants in PrQt-

estant churches is approximately 260,- world, has been helping with the kin- 000. In proportion to the population dergarten work. The public school au- that is about three times the member- thorities, offered her a salary almost ship of the churches in Japan, al- three times larger than the one she though Protestant missions have been received, if she would give up the conducted less than fifty years in mission work and accept a position in Korea and more than sixty-five years the government school. But she re- in Japan. plied, "No, I have already found my work, and am so happy in it, I would ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC not think of leaving it for any amount of salary." rrThe Bible for the Moros HE Rev. G. B. Cameron, Secretary A successful Sunday-school conven- for the Phi.lippine Islands, writes tion had as a speaker, Hon. Theodore in the Bible Society Record, of the Yangoo, one of the wealthiest men in restrictions in evangelizing Moham- the islands and who was the first resimedans: dent commissioner to represent the "Until recently some government Philippines in Washington in 1908officials adhered strictly to a policy 1910. He is a member of the Manila of noninterference with the religion Presbyterian church and a gl'eat philof the Mohammedans, and discouraged anthropist.

or frustrated any attempt of mission- aries to teach the Mohammedans about Pioneering in Dutch East Indies T Christianity. Lately, however, the HREE years ago the whole east coast of Borneo was without a misbars have been let down somewhat. A few courageous souls have been quietly sionary; nor was there any in interior carrying on among the Moros for some Borneo, with its one million popula- years, and lately three separate mis- tion, none in Bali, Lombok or Sum- sions have openly undertaken evan- bawa, the three islands east of Java gelistic work in different sections of and only one in the southwestern pen- the Moro field, with encouraging re- insula of the Celebes. Now, under the sults. Alliance Mission and the Chinese For- "Missionaries are clamoring for eign Missionary Union eight stations Moro Scriptures – in three dialects! in all are in operation. Bali, largest The mission in Sulu wants the Gos- in' population of the three islands, had pels and later the New Testament put a Dutch missionary 60 years ago, but up in such a way as to reach the three was martyred by the Balinese; and schools. This means a triglot-a sec- since then Dutch colonial authority tion on one side of the open pages has prohibited missionary work there.

in Arabic script (the sacred writing) In Lombok, the only barrier is one of for the datu class, and on the opposite language, while in Sumbawa, Moham- page, in two sections, the same ac- medanism is strongly entrenched.

count in Romanized letters and in The "Courier," a little motor launch, English." 42 feet long by 11 feet wide, the gift of Rev. Paul Rader's people in Chi- Work for Filipino Children cago, arrived at the end of last year T HE Rev. Charles N. Magill, D.D., and will prove helpful in carrying the a Presbyterian missionary at Ta- Gospel message to the interior of yaba, Philippine lslands, has been con- Borneo.

ducting services five nights a week.

Every Sunday afternoon and Tuesday NORTH AMERICA evening classes are held for fifty boys Men and Mi"8on8 Sunday N and girls between the ages of six and OVEMBER 15th marks the 25th anniversary of the founding of twelve. Miss Babista, who has been in the Laymen's Missionary Movement.

America and traveled around the By action of many mission boards, this

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

day is to be known as "Men and Mis- which the issues that lie at the center sions Sunday." of all the church's efforts were dis- cussed by notable speakers. Every minister is being asked to preach on some phase of the theme of Peace Meeting. in 150 Cities the day. "HOW may another world war be Where the order of service permits, averted?" was the theme di·s- a layman may be requested to speak on the same topic – "Men and Mis- cussed at peace mass meetings held in sions"-for five or ten minutes. 150 cities across the United States and Canada, during the week, Oct. 25-31, Men's Bible Classes are also invited under the auspices of the World Toto give time to discuss that theme. morrow. These meetings were spon- sored by a committee of 275 distin- Every religious speaker on the air guished peace leader,s. Five major that day is being requested to call topics were discussed at the meetings: men to renewed interest in the study disarmament, world organization, reof missions at home and abroad. moving causes of hostility, war resist- ance and education for peace. The An interdenominational men's meet- largest auditoriums available were ing is to be held in the Fifth Avenue reserved in the various cities and not Presbyterian church in the afternoon less than 200 outstanding peace advoat 4 o'clock, and simultaneous men's cates will speak at the meetings. meetings in other cities from coast to coast. Broadcasting Religion Warning to Girls ASTRIKING demonstration that the message of Christ may be heard T HE Welfare Council of New York, over a whole continent at once, through an organization which coordinates the radio which uses the waves of invarious social agencies, has issued a visible ether, was the inauguration of warning to young women out of work "The Church of the Air" on Sunday, to avoid New York City. The alluring September 27th, by the Columbia pictures of life in the great metropol- Broadcasting System. At 10 A. M., itan centers, drawn by fiction writers 2: 30 and 5: 00 P. M., an Episcopalian, and moving picture producers are a Roman Catholic and a Jewish rabbi false. The Welfare Council estimates spoke to the whole country, from Denthat there are 100,000 girls and un- ver, Boston and New York. married young women among the army of unemployed in New York City Disciples Cut Expenses today and calls attention to the fact that while the cost of living has gone DEFICIENCY in gifts and increased down in New York so have wages for deficit for the missionary year, girls. Long continued unemployment has led the United Christian Missionand greatly reduced wages have forced ary Society, (Disciples of Christ) to thousands of girls to lower standards vote an adjustment of $175,000 in the of living. Many girls try to save on budget. This will involve the reducrent by seeking rooms in poorer neigh- tion of salaries of officers of the soborhoods, often with' distressing re- ciety and workers in the homeland, sults and increased temptations and reduction of the headquarters staff dangers. Today it is harder than ever and economy in promotion; also large for the out~of-town girls to find work cuts in religious and missionary eduin large cities. cation, in home missions and benevo- lence; in the field of foreign missions, C!lnadian Churchmen Hold Mission- the reduction will involve the with- drawal of missionaries from Tibet and ary Congress Jamaica and most of the workers in AGREAT gathering of mini,sters and laymen of the conferences of Ontario and Quebec was held Oct. 1 and 2. It was a missionary congress, at

the Philippines–placing the burden in house, and he is the first tD be dis- the Philippines largely on the Filipino charged in time of unemployment.

Jeaders. Between 1885 and 1925 over 4,200 per- sons were lynched, or an average of Town Churches and Country Needs two per week for forty years. After T HE country church seems to many greatly reducing the number, there to be growing less important in has been a recrudescence of lynchings American religious life. Farmers and during the past year. the people of the small viIIages can now go to the larger towns and at- While the Mohammedan world is actend services in larger churches. But tually practicing racial brotherhood, and the communist world equal com- churches and ministers have some- radeship regardless of race, the United thing more to do than furnish sermons States is unwilling to give the Negro and services of worship, and very few federal protection by law against town churches project their ministry lynching, and the majority of white into the surrounding rural communi- Americans, despite years Df preaching ties. Specific data supporting these and student discussion groups, appar- general statements have been coming ently are not prepared to practice ra- to light in a survey of twa counties in cial brotherhood. There can be no Nebraska by Dr. J. R. Hargreaves. question but that we should have a He found that when a rural area has wDrld of brotherhoDd in race relations no center for its relighms life, its if the ideals of Jesus were realized.

population generally lacks the other Although we seem far from its realiza- integrating agencies that bind the tion, Christian love wiII surely make residents of a district together. So- some beginnings today in the practice cial, cultural and economic organiza- of equal brotherhood that wiII be both tion tends to evaporate with religious costly and sacrificiaL-Sherwood Ed- organization. The country and village dy.

people tend to become detached and ir- GENERAL responsible suburbanites without true fellowship in Christian activities. The World Alliance Conference Race aJ,ld Brotherhood T HE triennial meeting of the World Alliance for International Friend- H AVE we achieved even an ap- ship Through the Churches was held proach to or a working approxi- at Cambridge University, England, matiDn of real brotherhoDd in our re- Sept. 1-5. Nearly four hundred dele- lation to the non-white majority of the gates were present representing all human race? The favored white race the Protestant churches of thirty- has acquired political control of near- three nations of the world. One Ro- ly nine-tenths of the habitable globe, man Catholic priest was present as an including over half of Asia and all but "observer."

one-thirtieth of Africa. In America The delegates came from almDst our attitude to the Negro has become every country in Europe, from the notDrious throughout the world. In United States, from China and Japan all parts of the country there is dis- and from the British Dominions to crimination and, in some sections, seg- discuss such questions as disarmament, gregation in separate residential dis- national security, the rights of minori- tricts, separate schoDls, churches and ties, national and international loyal- railway coaches; with inadequate ap- ties, and the whole question of the propriations for education, and with- Christian attitude tDward world peace, out the right to vote, although that is the respDnsibility of the churches for guaranteed by the Constitution. The world peace and the Geneva confer- Negro is frequently paid less than the ence next February. These questions white man for doing the same work, occupied the minds of some of the charged more for renting the same most honored church leaders.

001S WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns win be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-TBE REVIEW.

The Northern Republics of South America linMgur.isKt eonfnmetuhcGh raubbibli,ttyh, ehaausthtorar~eilsead -Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela. ,,:ideiy through South America, espe- By Kenneth G. Grubb. 8vo. 151 pages. Cially among the Indians in the interi- 58. World Dominion Press. London or, and has rendered a timely service New York. 1931. in the production of this book.

The World Dominion Survey Series W. R. W. "attempts to describe briefly and clearly the situation in various countries from the standpoint of world evangel- Torchlights to the Cherokees: The Brainization." The countries surveyed in erd Mission. By Robert Sparks Walkthis volume are the three northern- er. 339 pp. $3.00. Macmillan. New most republics of South America. York. 1931. Though they are the nearest to us they are least often visited by travel- The author of the book was himself ers from the United States and are born twv miles from the old Brainerd less familiar than other republics far- Mission near Chickamauga, Tennessee. ther south. To meet the need for in- Under a rather fanciful title he has formation, the history of each republic given us a splendid record of the misis given in outline, as well as a sum- sion to the Cherokee Indians founded mary of geographical characteristics in 1816 and broken up when these and of prevailing conditions, economic, tribes were forced to migrate westeducativnal and religious. Heroic ward. During twenty years of its exservice is being rendered by evangeli- istence this mission, begun by the cal missionaries but they are too few, Moravians and continued by the Board and the unoccupied areas constitute a of Foreign Missions of New England, real challenge to the American church. had great success in the industrial Thus in Colombia, which has nearly social and moral uplift of the people: eight million inhabitants and is out- The author tells the amazing story of ranked in population only by Brazil how laws were passed, forbidding and Argentina, after 75 years of mis- whites to live on Cherokee lands withsionary service there are but 59 for- out license and how the mission leadeign missionaries, and 1,167 commu- ers under this law were arrested, and nicants; Venezuela, with a population served two years imprisonment. It is of 3,000,000, has 102 evangelical mis- a page from what Helen Hunt Jackson sionaries, with 2,310 communicant has truly called "A century of dishonmembers; Ecuador, with a population or." The account is well documented of nearly 2,000,000, has 41 foreign and the details of the life among the Indians are fascinating.

missionaries and only 290 communi- .T~e brl;ltal treatment received by the cant members. The Survey editor mlSSlonarles at the hands of the state ofwrites in the Foreword: ficials who pretended to be Christians is one of the blackest stains on the charac- A total of somewhat less than four ter of the white race in North America. th~usand communicants among a popu- The thread of the plot to drive the mislatIOn of twelve and a half million points sionaries from the State of Georgia exto the need for far wider evangelism in tended from the officials of that state into these lands in order to create an indig- the office of the Chief Executive of the enous church capable of itself carrying United States at Washington. on the work of further evangelization. S. M. Z.

877

The quakers as Pioneers in Social Work. Christ of the Burma Road. By V. W. By Dr. Auguste Jorns. Translated by Dyer. 12mo. 157 pp. American Bap- Thomas Kite Brown, Jr. 269 pp. $2. tist Mission Press. Rangoon. 1931.

Macmillan. New York. One of the most fascinating and en- couraging stories of modern missions Quakers are one of the smallest of is the story of how Burmese Chrisreligious bodies, but they have an in- tian students have gone out in groups ftuenceout of all proportion to their week by week to evangelize and awaknumbers. They average high in intel- en their own countrymen, and have ligence, character and humanitarian crossed over into Siam and Burma on spirit. This volume presents in read- the same mission. The methods have able form an outline of the Quaker been remarkable-as we have alreadY Movement and the contribution that recorded in these pages. Mr. Dye;, Quakers have made to poor relief, one Qf the missionary leaders of these education, temperance, public health, groups, tells the story in this small prison reform and the abolition of slavery. It is an impressive array of facts and it gives the reader a deeper volume. He explains the aim, the appreciation of the philanthropic serv- methods and the outcome. Missionaries ice that has been rendered by this in other lands and Christians in Amer- group of Christians who, as we are ica and England will find here many told, "seem in these latter days to be valuable suggestions for similar work.

called for the strengthening of the world's sense of social responsibility." To the Ends of the World and Back. By J. Walker McSpadden. Illustrated. A. J. B.

Will America Become Catholic. By John 8vo. 378 pp. $3.00. Crowell. New F. Moore. 8VQ. 252 pp. Harper and York. 1931. Bros. 1931. The "Ends of the Earth Club" is Naturally the aim of the Papacy is growing in numbers. Some qualify as to make America "Catholic." The explorers or scientists, as government church and its leaders would not be employees or missionarie&, but more true to their convictions otherwise. travelers today go to the ends of the Mr. Moore, who was for some years a earth on pleasure bound. Mr. McSpad- Y. M. C. A. secretary and who has den describes adventures met in scoutgiven much time to research on the ing for the American Museum of subject of Roman Catholicism in Natural History in New York. The America, here describes the plans, experiences are not the author's per- methods and outreach of the church sonal adventures but, while without in America. The program is as clear literary merit, are varied and many and definite and energetic as the Com- are thrilling. They are interviews munist propaganda-and much better with scientists who have gone out organized. This interesting and fact- hunting for the Dinosaur in Wyoming, ual study includes such topics as Cele- have followed the trail of primitive brate Clergy, Birth Control, Mixed man in Central Asia, have fished for Marriages, the Color Bar and the In- sharks in the Gulf of Mexico. They fluence of the Church. The author has include adventures with head hunters endeavored to be fair, unprejudicial in South America, hobnobbing with and true to facts. He is convinced that pygmies on the Congo; hunting with there is little danger of America be- gun and camera in Madagascar and coming Roman Catholic-the temper tracking strange beasts in Australia. of the people is too liberal, too enlight- The author is appa~ently interested ened, too independent to permit the only in animals and in the physical life great mass of Americans to become of man-not in his social, intellectual subjects to the Pope. and spiritual welfare.

NEW BOOKS

NEW BOOKS Chaka. An Historical Romance. Thomas Mololo. Trans. from Sesuto by F. H. Escape. Francesco Fausto Nitti. 267 pp. Dutton. 198 pp. 78. 6d. Oxford Uni- $2.50. Putnam's. New York. versity Press. London.

God's World. Cornelius H. Patton. 297 Leadership of the Constructive Forces of pp. $2. Smith. New York. the World. J. R. Mott. 30 pp. 28. Ox- ford Press. London. The Little Bible-Selections for School and Home with an Appendix for Report of the Commission on Christian Teachers and Parents. Foreword by Higher Education in India. 388 pp. $2. William Lyon Phelps. 468 pp. Oxford Oxford University Press. New York. University Press. London. 1931. Christian Education in the Villages of In- Miraculous Healing. Henry W. Frost. dia. A. V. Van Doren. 115 pp. R8. 2. 174 pp. $1.50. Smith. New York. Association Press. Calcutta.

Nestorian Missionary Enterprise. John Fifty Years Against the Stream. The story Stewart. 352 pp. Rs. 4. Christian of a School in Kashmir, 1880-1930. E. Literature Society. Madras. 1928. D. Tyndale-Biscoe. 96 pp. 58. Church Missionary Society. London. The Negro Year Book. Edited by Monroe N. Work. 544 pp. $2. Tuskegee In- The Remaking of Man in Africa. J. H. stitute. Tuskegee, Ala. Oldham and B. D. Gibson. 184 pp. 28. 6d. Oxford University Press. London. The Pacific. Stanley Rogers. Illus. by the Author. 254 pp. $2.75. Crowell. The Dawn Wind. A Picture of Changing New York. Conditions among Women in Africa and the East. Olive Wyon. 155 pp. Petty and Paul. Edward Hessey. 94 pp. 28. 6d. Student Christian Movement. Is. Pickering & Inglis. London. London.

Charles Lewis Slattery. Howard Chandler Buddhism in India, Ceylon, China and Robbins. 400 pp. $2.50. Harper. New Japan. A Reading Guide. Clarence York. H. Hamilton. 107 pp. University Press. Chicago. Torchlights to the Cherokee&–The Brain- erd Mission. R{)bert Sparks Walker. An Introduction to the Sociology of Islam.

340 pp. $3. Macmillan. New York. Vol. 1. Reuben Levy. 21s. Williams & Twixt Altar and Plough. L. A. Barter- Norgate. London.

Snow. 320 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Jewish View of Jesus. An Introduction Inglis. London. and an Appreciation. Thomas Walker.

For Times of Crisis. Ilion T. Jones. 110 142 pp. 48. 6d. Allen & Unwin. Lon- pp. $1.25. Presbyterian Board of don.

Christian Education. Phila. The Finality of Christ. S. B. John. 291 Repol·t of the Commission on Enquiry Into pp. 58. Kingsgate Press. London.

the Control of Opium-Smoking in the youth in a Believing World. Studies in Far East. Vol. II. 500 pp. $1.50. Living Religions. John C. Archer. 176 World Peace Foundation. Boston. pp. $1. Westminster Press. Phila- delphia. India. Statement Exhibiting the Moral and Material Progress and Condition of India, 1929-1930. 58. H. M. Sta- PERSONALS tionery Office. London. (Continued from Second Cover.) The SOClai Settlement as an Educational Factor in India. Clifford Manshardt. DR. JOHN MACNEILL, President of the Illus. 87 pp. Re. 1 and Re. 1.8. Ass{)- WorId Alliance, is making an extended ciation Press. Calcutta. tour in the interests of the Alliance. The Baptists in Burma. Randolph L. Howard. tour includes Japan, China, India and the 168 pp. $1. Judson Press. Philadelphia. Holy Land.

Mustapha Kemal of Turkey. H. E. Wor- *** tham. Portrait. Map. Bibliog. 216 pp. TIlE REV. GEORGE L. FORD, Executive 58. Holme Press. London. Secretary of Federated Churches in Tribal Studies in Northern Nigeria. Vol. Youngstown, 0., has been elected Presi- dent of the Association of Executive Sec- I. C. K. Meek. 582 pp. 258. Kegan retaries of Councils of Churches, State Paul. London. and Local: He also becomes a represent- Zanzibar. Its History and Its People. W. ative of the Association on the Admin- H. Ingrams. Illus. 527 pp. 258 With- istrative Committee of the Federal Counerby. London. cil.

DR. W. W. PETER, pioneer promotor of in British and Spanish Honduras, the lathealth campaigns in China under the Y. ter being especially arduous as it meant M. C. A., has returned to China, at the constant journeys to the bay islands of invitation of the public health section of the Caribbeans. He was a victim of the the Ministry of the Interior, to advise in recent hurricane in British Honduras. the setting up of permanent machinery for the carrying on of health campaigns. * .. ..

*** MISS JOSEPHINE MARTIN, a missionary of the United Presbyterian Church at PROF. C. H. ROBERTSON, also a former Pathankot, Punjab, India, died Septem- "Y" secretary, has recently been re- ber 10th, while on furlough in America. quested by Dr. H. H. Kung, Minister of Industry, to join his staff. .. . .. Miss Martin was superintendent of a '" * • girls' high school at Pathankot for many years. DR. CARVER has been invited by Soviet Russia to organize a group of Negro MR. PAUL A. SORNBERGER, a missionary specialists, who have the theoretical and of the American Baptist Board, died repractical training in the production of cently. With Mrs. Sornberger, he was cotton, to visit Russia and demonstrate appointed to the Philippines in 1929, and the best method of agricultural produc- designated to the Central Philippine Coltion and exploitation. Though Dr. Car- lege at Iloilo, P. I., where he was teachver is a Negro, his fame as an agricul- ing Christianity by precept and example. turist is well known among the leaders of the Soviet states. By industry and ex- * .. .. ample he is teaching the young Negro to work, study, save and serve, and if for- THE REV. WM. B. BEAUCHAMP, D.D., tune comes, to take it with sobriety and Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal humility. The outcome of the Soviet's Church, South, died at Richmond, Virinvitation will be watched with interest. ginia, on June 28, 1931, at the age of sixty-two. He was president of the OBITUARY Board of Missions of his church and was a delegate to the World Missionary Con- BISHOP ISAIAH B. SCOTT, retired mis- ference in Edinburgh in 1910, and to sionary of the Methodist Episcopal the Jerusalem Conference in 1928. Church, died on July 6th in Nashville, Tenn. He was a leader among the col- *** ored members of the church and as pastor, professor, college president, editor of THE REV. WILLIAM MITCHELL PADEN, the Southwestern Chr1Btian Advocate and D.D., died in Salt Lake City, Utah, Qn bishop gave years of effective service. September 16th, after a brief illness. For He was elected to the episcopacy in 1904 thirty-four years Dr. Paden was identiand was assigned to Africa where he fied with work in the Mormon area and labored until his retirement in 1916. in recent years was considered the great- est Protestant authority on Mormonism. *** .. * * MR. GEORGE BRAITHWAITE, of Tokyo, Secretary of the Japan Book and Tract CHARLES GEORGE SPARHAM, a great Society, died on June 18th. He helped to missionary in China for forty-four years, produce the first copy of the Old Testa- who retired from his work there died in ment in Japanese in 1888, and subse- London in September. He was the sonquently helped in the production of the in-law of Dr. Griffith John of Hankow. Japanese New Testament in Roman He was called to leadership in the L. M. characters. His son, G. B. Braithwaite, S. and in his later years was secretary is acting secretary for the present. of the committee coordinating the whole of the L. M. S. operations in China. •** ** MRS. H. W. HARVEY, one of the victims of the hurricane in British Honduras, DR. JUDSON B. HILL, rounding out to went out to Central America with her a day 50 years of distinguished service husband for the Wesleyan Methodist Mis- as president of the Normal and Indussionary Society immediately after their trial college at Morristown, Tenn., died marriage in 1907. September 15th at Battle Creek, Mich. In 1881 Dr. Hill, as a young Methodist *** minister, became head of a pioneer mis- sion school for Negroes at Morristown, THE REV. A. E. SYLVESTER FOWLER, and found himself misunderstood and osworked during the past eleven years both tracized, as he began his work in a dilapi- dated building formerly used as a slave market. Those who fought him, however, ultimately lauded him.

The Missionary Review of the World — October 1931

by H. n. Ferge,'

PEkSONALS DR. F. J. SCRIMGEOUR, for a long period before the Great War in charge of the Edinburgh Mission Hospital in Nazareth, has resumed medical work and is giving voluntary service in Morocco, at the Tul- loch Memorial Hospital in Tangier.

REV. W. T. MIT'"CHE*LL*, of the American Yon Presbyterian Mission, North India, has want to give….. but you retired after a service of 35 years, re- must have an cently as director of the Mainpuri High In.:ome; School. That post is now being filled by you can give and your inan Indian Christian. come will be continued for *•* Life KRU SENG SAA CHAIRA'l'T and his wife al'e the first misaionaries to be sent out For full informatioll write Erne.t F. Hall~ Secretary by the Siamese churches. They are carrying on work at Karat, in East Siam. Dept. C 01 Ann"iti•• *** BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS DR. YOSHIMUNE ABE, Dean of the Boys' of tbe Pre.byleriu Church, U. S. A.

School, Aoyama Gakuin, Japan, has been 156 Fifth Avenue. New York elected Dean of the Theological Seminary Those in the same institution, succeeding Dr. Reinves'men's .. .. . Arthur D. Berry. How They Trouble Me DR. GEORGE B. CUTTEN, President of I am not sure of the stocks and bonds Colgate University, was elected President that are offered.

of the National Council of the Y. M. C. Mortgages may have to be foreclosed. A. for the ensuing' year. Banks are uncertain these days.

** * What Shall I 00'1 DR. THOMAS JESSE JONES, Director of Invest in Annuity Agreements of the the Phelps-Stoke Fund, and leader of Methodist Mission Boards.

two former Commissions for the study of They are absolutely secure. Your income will be regular. educational facilities and methods in Reinvestment troubles will cease. Africa, has again spent a few months in For further information W1ite to: that country as a Carnegie visiting lecturer. W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer, Board of Home * '" * Missions and Church Extension of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Street, DR. J. H. RUSHBROOKE, General Secre- Philadelphia, Pa., or MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board of tary of the Baptist World Alliance, has Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal accepted invitations to visit Australia Church, Room 500,150 Fifth Ave., New York.

and New Zealand next year. Arrangements are being made for him to preach and speak in the chief centers Df popuJ.a- tion in Australia. He will tour New Zealand and attend the Jubilee Assembly of the New Zealand Baptist Union it Christchurch.

** * MR. ERNEST F. NEVE, M.D., C.M., F.R.G.S., a missionary of the Church Missionary Society at Srinagar, Kashmir, has been elected a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons. Dr. Neve went to Kashmir in 1886, and has built up a wonderful work there, the hospital undpr his charge having 150 beds, with an average of 2,160 in-patients, and 48,000 visits of out-patients per annum. In addition to this thElre is a large leper hospital supervised by Dr. Neve, but fi- nanced by the Kashmir State.

MRS. RWHARD'" '" * the youngest HUMBLE, daughter of the late Dr. James Stewart, of Lovedale recently made a successful flight from Cape Town to England. She and her husband started off from Cape Town in a De Havilland Puss Moth and , (Concluded on page 723.) PIQRSe mention THE :r..hSSIONARY REVIEW OF THE VoRr..D in writing to advertisers. MISSIONARY COMING EVENTS REVIEW OF THE WORLD October 6-11-INTERNATIONAL CONVEN- TION 6F DISCIPLES OF CHRIST, Wich- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor ita, Kan.

CONTENTS-October, 1931 October 14-15-MEETING OF FRIENDS OF THE LE:PERS. American Mission to Lepers. Fifth Ave. Presbyterian Church, New York.

SPECIAL FOREIGN MISSION NUMBER November 10-12-ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WORLD ALLIANCE FOR INTERNA· Puor. TIONAL FRIENDSHIP THROUGH THE 11'RONTISPIECE-Scelll's in Rural India CHURCHES, TOGETHER WITH THE INTERNATIONAL GOODWILL CONGRESS, POVER'l'Y AND 'leUE GOSPEL ……. . Chicago .

••..•••• • ARTHUR CLINTON BOGGESS 725 November 15 – AN INTli:RDENOMINA- TIONAL MEETING OF MEN TO COM- HELPIKG KOREANS OUT 01" POVEWl'Y MEMORATE THE TWENTY-FIFTH AN- ……………. FRANCIS O. CLARK 736 NIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDING OF THE LAYMEN'S MISSIONARY MOVEMENT. TOURING 'leIIE VILLAGES OF NYASA- Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church, LAND ….•. ;IR8. T. CULLEN YOUNG 740 New York.

A FARMER MISSIONARY ON FUR· November 29-December 1-UNITED STEW- LOUGH •…….. BRAYTON C. CASE 747 ARDSHIP COUNCIL, Philadelphia, Pa.

WHY HASHIMOTO·S.4N SIGNED THE December 2-4-FEDERAL COUNCIL OF PAPER …….•…… E. M. CLARK 751 CHURCHES, ANNUAL MEETING OF' EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, Philadelphia, ARE MISSION BOARDS-NONCONDUC- Pa, TORS? ……… PAUl. W. HARRISON 756 December 30-January 3, 1932-STUDENT 'l'OPICS O~' 'i'HE 'i'IMES …………. 762 VOLUNTEER CONVENTION, Buffalo, New York. '!'HE L.-'YMEN'S If'oREION MISSIONARY INQUIRY THE STORY OF AGRICULTURAL CHINA'S CA'.rASTROPHE }{EMEMBER THE ~I1SSIONAR[ES BONDAGE AND FREEDOM HAS PROHIBITION )jlAILED?

METHODS FOR WORKERS ..•.•• EDITED By MRS. F. I. JOHNSON 768 WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MIS- SION BULLETIN ………..•••.. 77:; WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ••……•… 780 MISSIONS BOOKS WORTH READING …..•….• 797 TERMS.-$2.50 .. year. ($2.00 in clubs or By Benjamin H. Huuuicutt of the ~chool of Agriculture, Lavras, Brazil five.) Foreign postage, M cents. Single copies, and William Watkins Reid 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1931, bT M,SS,ONARY REVIIlW PUBLISHING COM- of the Staff of the Methodist Episcopal Board PANY, INC. All rights reserved. of Foreign Missions 1'HE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING H ERE is the first full story of one of the most COMPANY, INC. interesting developments in Christian mis- sions. Mr. Hunnicutt is one of the really great ROBERT E. SPJDIIH, Pre81dent agricultural missionaries, an ex-newspaper man, WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-Pre.ident publicist and author of many important maga- zine articles, pamphlets and b,?oks. As founder, DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary he has been active from the beginning in the WALTER McDOUGALL, Trea8urer work of the International A5Sociation of Agri- cultural Missions. In this volume these two Publication Omce, 3d & ReilT Sts., Harrisburg, men have united their knowledge and skiII to Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. produce a book of interest and importance.

Editorial and Business Omce, 156 Fifth Avenue, $1.00 New York City MISSIONARY EDUCATION Entered as second-class matter at the Post MOVEMENT O:ftlee, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. 150 Fifth Avenue New York Please mention THm MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE VoaLn In writing to advertisers. PERSONALS NEW BOOKS (Concluded from page 721.) The Preaching Value of Missions. Helen Barrett Montgomery. 166 pp. $1. flew via Johannesburg, Bulawayo, Chin- Judson Press. Philadelphia. sali, Nairobi and down the Nile to Egypt. From there they made a short flight to The Frontier Peoples of India-A Mis- Jerusalem and back, then continued over sionary Survey. Alexander McLeish. Tripoli, across the Mediterranean to 202 pp. 5s. World Dominion Press. Italy, Rome, Paris, London, and Ren~ London. frew. Their actual flying time was 107 hours. It took Dr. Stewart a much long- The Makin'g of Modern Missions. Stacy er time, entailing much more arduous R. Warburton. 200 pn. $1.50. Revell. travelling to cover much less mileage in New York. Airica, when he explored Lake Nyasa, and later pioneered the mission to the To the Ends of the Earth and Back. J. Kibwezi in Kenya, transferred after the Walker McSpadden. 862 pp. $3. Crowrailway was constructed to Kikuyu. ell. New York.

*** We Are Alaskans. Mary Lee Davis. 335 pp. $3.50. Wilde. Boston.

OBITUARY NOTES Within the Four Seas. Paul Richard Ab- bott. $3.50. Stechert. New York. MISS HELEN TETLOW, died August 21st at Kuling, China, where she was on vaca- The Pacific. Stanley Rogers. Illus. by tion from her missionary work for the the author. 254 pp. $2.75. Crowell. Episcopal Church at Karazawa, Japan. New York.

" " DR. CAROLINE A. MAC"DONALD, of Can- The Dawn of Literature. Carl Holliday. 366 pp. $8.50. Crowell. New York. ada, and Japan, died·at London, Ontario, July 18th. Dr. MacDonald went to Japan Christians and lews–Report of the Confor the Y. W; C. A. in 1904, but since ference on the Christian Approach to 1913 had devoted her time almost wholly the Jew. Atlantic City, 1931. 155 pp. to prison and settlement work. She was International Missionary Council. New an elder in the Japanese Presbyterian York.

.. .. . Church of Tokyo. Japan Mission Year Book-1931. Edited by Luman J. Shafer. 450 pp. Yen 2.50. MIss CATHERINE BENNETT, who served Kyo Bun Kwan. Tokyo. in the Protestant Episcopal mission hospital in China and the Philippine Islands Bible Characters in the Koran. John the past eight years, died in St. John's Walker. 136 pp. 68, 6d. Alexander Hospital, Brooklyn, on July 14th. Gardner. Paisley, England.

*** WUl America Become Catholic. John T. Moore. 252 pp. $2. Harpers. New MR. CHARLES T. STUDD, founder of the York. Heart of Airica Mission, died at Ibamhi. Belgian Congo, July 16th, at the age of The Shepherd's Darling. Brenda. 224 pp. seventy-one. Mr. Studd was one of 28. Pickering & Inglis. London. three brothers who devoted their lives and money to relig:ious work. Only Us Three. E. A. Bland. 190 pp. 28. Pickering & Inglis. London. * * .. The Lord's Day or the Sabbath-A Reply REV. C. G. SPARHAM, a missionary of to the Seventh Day Adventists. Northe L. M. S. in China for forty-five years, man C. Deck. 156 pp. 3s. Pickering died July.30th, in London. Since his re- & Inglis. London. tirement in 1929 he had organized a Forward Movement of the Religious The Steep Ascent—–Report of the China Tract Society of England. Inland Mission, 1931. 48 pp. London.

*** Annual Report-Women's Missionary So- oiety of the United Presbyterian Church. LARS OLAF JONATHAN SODElRBLOM, Lu- 912 pp. Women's Missionary Magatheran Archbishop of Sweden, died on zine. Xenia, Ohio. July 12th. He was regarded a central figure in ecumenical Protestantism, due Annual Report-American Bible Society. not only to his scholarship but to his 1931. 384 pp. New York. leadership in two great movements–that of making the churches a mightier force Annual Report-Board of Foreign Misfor world peace; and that of binding all sions, Reformed Church in Am., 1931. churches into effective unity. To him 12B pp. New York. was largely due the success of the Universal Christian Conference on Life and Annual Report-American Tract Society, W{)rk, held at Stockholm in 1925. His 1931. 44 pp. New York. contribution to world peace was signified by his being awarded the Nobel Peace Annual Report-The Missionary Conven- Prize in 1930, in reality a tribute to the tion of the Cumberland Presbyterian Christian Church. Church, 1931. 175 pp. Evansville, Ind.

Plense mention Tom MISSIONARY RUVIEW OF TOB WORLD In wrltlnJ: to advertisers. SCENES IN AN INDIAN VILLAGE COURTYAItD AN INDIAN CHILD BRIDE -TO-BE ON HER WAY TO HER NEW HOME SCENES IN RURAL INDIA

LIV, No. 10 October

THE MISSIONARY {ohf e POVERTY AND THE GOSPEL BY ARTHUR CLINTON BOGGESS, PH.D., Berea, Ohio Department 01 .ilIi8/Sions.. Baldwin-1Vallacc Conege nA LMOST every Christian land of reasoning is applicable to other has a higher standard of liv- countries. ing than places outside of Child marriage hinders the eco- Christendom. Extreme poverty is nomic development of India. The the exception in Christian coun- first of the hundreds of babies that tries: it is the rule in non-Chris- I saw in India was a very tiny bit tian lands. The term is frequently of humanity, lying in the lap of used in Christian lands to denote Mrs. Lee in the Lee Memorial Or- an absence of luxury. Much of the phanage in Calcutta. This orphanpoverty in non~Christian lands is age receives not only orphans but so extreme, often so abysmal, that also friendless children whose par- the word acquires a new meaning. ents are living.

It is doubtful whether the average "Do you expect this child to economic condition in the most fav- live?" I asked Mrs. Lee.

ored non-Christian land is as high "It is doubtful," she replied. "Its as that in the least-favored Chris- mother is only twelve years old and tian land. you can't expect much in such The above statements give rise cases."

to questions that do not answer That was my first day in India.

themselves. What is the connec- While twelve-year-old mothers are tion between Christianity and not in the majority in India they economic life? After studying Eco- are pathetically common. The nomics for more than a quarter of presence of this custom does not a century, teaching the subject for obtrude itself upon the casual trav- over twenty years; after more eler or even on the permanent resi- than five years of residence in dent, especially upon foreign men.

India; after visiting more than The chief reason for the misin- once Canada, Mexico, Japan, China, formation in regard to the youth of and the Straits Settlements; after wives and mothers is probably the visiting forty-two of the states of purdah system – the seclusion of the United States and eleven Euro- women. High class Hindu and pean countries, I venture to give a Mohammedan women never see any partial answer to these questions. men who are not their near rela- Illustrations will be drawn from tives. They never see their pro- conditions in India, but the method spective husbands until the wed- 725

ding ceremony. The Indian women at twelve years and later raised seen by a Christian male traveler to fourteen years, but it is practi- or resident in India are Christians, caIIy impossible to know what goes outcastes, or women members of on behind the walls of the women's various reform sects. The real au- quarters in an Indian household.

thorities on the subject are women A woman policeman cannot be missionaries and physicians, espe- furnished for each household. The cially those who have been con- United States cannot claim that verted from either Hinduism or there is no theft, murder, drinking Mohammedanism after reaching of intoxicants, fraud, or profanity maturity. because all of these are illegal.

The worst effects of child mar- Candidates for collegiate degrees riage cannot be described here. in India are given their final exam- Such a description is prevented by inations by the Government and the accepted canons of good taste are placed in the first, second, or and by the laws against printing third division, respectively, accord- obscene matter. The most terrible ing to the quality of their work.

bit of printed matter I have ever At a meeting of the Hindu Mar- seen is a copy of a petition sent to riage Reform League held in Luck- the Viceroy .of India by fifty-five now, I heard the Mohammedan women physicians practicing in Headmaster of one of the High India asking that the cohabitation Schools of that city say: "I have of husband and wife be forbidden made it my business to investigate until the wife is fourteen years of the matter during the last seven age. The memorial consisted years and during that time not one 'largely of a statement of the actual married man has passed in the first facts of cases treated by these division." No comment is neces- physicians in which the wives who sary.

were patients were from seven to It would be easy to dismiss the twelve years of age. In the most question of the evils of child mar- fortunate cases death was almost riage by saying that maturity immediate. The less fortunate comes earlier in the tropics than in cases suffered much worse than high latitudes. This is neither death. It is difficult for one who Christian nor accurate. Parents reads this memorial and who knows of twelve are not mature either that similar cases are treated to- physically or mentally. Full growth day to write with becoming reserve is not attained much earlier in the when arm-chair writers and speak- tropics than elsewhere. Nor is any ers assert ignorantly that child known system of education able to marriage is no longer practiced. produce by the twelfth or thir- Missionaries have no need to de- teenth year such knowledge as will part from the truth in order to qualify one to train. children. An produce horrible pictures. Actual Indian mother says that she well conditions are far too hideous to remembers her mother calling her need any lurid enlargement. from play to allow her (the playing As the result of the memorial child's) baby to nurse.

presented by the women physicians Extreme youth of parents results to the Viceroy (or at least subse- in economic inefficiency in both quent to its presentation) the age parents and offspring. Such par- of lawful cohabitation was fixed ents are almost inevitably poorly

POVERTY AND THE GOSPEL

educated and weakened in phy- which is noted for the beauty and sique. The offspring are less virile number of its trees and parks. than those of mai.ure parents. Any The lady of the house was sitting stockraiser knows better than to on a bed and when the husband, who spoke English and acted as interpreter, was asked what his wife did all day he replied: "She sits here." She could not work, be- cause it would be considred unbe- coming to one of her rank. She could not go calling because she was in strict seclusion. Servants cooked, swept, made the beds, helped their mistress dress, even brought her a drink of water or A CHILD WIFE IN INDIA breed his stock at the earliest possible moment. Mankind will degenerate physically and mentally from too early mating.

The Purdah System A MOSLEM SCHOOLGIRL IN A uBURKA"

The seclusion of women has a her jewels. The woman was illitervery injurious effect upon economic ate and her life was devoid of inlife. My wife went with one of my tellectuality. The husband had Mohammedan students to call on brought his wife from their counhis wife. The family was wealthy and the woman was beautifully and expensively dressed but the courtyard of the women's quarters was devoid of grass and had only a few small trees. This was in Lucknow

try home to their city house in a tuberculosis thrives. Women whose closely curtained automobile. purdah is not of the strictest type "Didn't you let her pull back the leave their homes from time to time curtains and look at the country shrouded in a sheath of cloth that when you were not in sight of any resembles a great meal sack with one?" the bottom resting on their heads, "Oh! no. Never." the opening near the ground, and "Does she ever go calling?" only two small openings for the "No. If she ever left her wom- eyes. When such a woman coughs en's quarters except when abso- she coughs inside the garment, and lutely secure against either seeing the filth of not a few of them shows or being seen by a man, her own that they are rarely washed.

parents would kill her because of The picture is bad enough, yet it the disgrace to the family." is far from complete. To the lack Imagine such a wife for a college of exercise and frequent lack of student studying law! It is no fresh air and sunlight must be wonder that it is a breach of eti- added also the undernourishment quette to speak to a Hindu or a Mo- caused by abject poverty, the reck- hammedan about his wife. Most less childbearing usually begun at of the college graduates who pro- an unhygienically early age, the fess those faiths have wives who abundant time to muse over one's are absolutely illiterate and an il- ills; the utter lack of knowledge of literate woman who lives in strict the laws of health; and in the ma- seclusion is not to be compared in jority of cases the impossibility of intellectual development to an illit- being cared for by a competent erate person who does not live in physician. Even a competent phy- seclusion. I remember with what sician is sometimes hampered in surprise I learned that an Illinois his work by the ignorance or bru- man of my acquaintance could not tality of relatives of the patient.

read. He was nevertheless well- Neither the word brutality nor the informed and a good thinker. word bestiality expresses what I Women in seclusion, who are illit- mean. They positively slander the erate, are neither well-informed brutes and beasts, as will be evi- nor good thinkers. dent from the following incident The purdah system has also bad related to me by an eminent Eng- effects on the health of the women. lish physician. An Indian woman I was once riding with the capable was brought to the hospital suffer- English physician who had charge ing from tuberculosis in an ad- of one of the chief hospitals of vanced stage. The physician rec- Lucknow, when our conversation ommended that she be placed in turned to questions of civic health. the general ward and not in a He told me that he believed that family ward. The former meant one-third of the population of that that she and her husband could great city would die from tuber- never be together without the pres- culosis. The seclusion of women is ence of others in the room. The not the only reason for this awful latter meant that they could be in condition, but it is a chief reason. a room alone. Although the phy- Some of the women literally spend sician gave conclusive reasons why their lives in quarters so small, so this course should be followed, the dark, and so poorly ventilated that husband absolutely refused to ac-

POVERTY AND THE GOSPEL

cept any arrangement except that purdah. There would be no womof the family ward. en at any public gatherings; no women teachers, except those in It is impossible for one who has purdah schools; no women in businot lived with the purdah system ness; no women visible when one to understand its far-reaching con- man visited another in his home, sequences. The Lieutenant-Gov- no matter how long the visit might ernor of the United Provinces of be; no womell at funerals; no Agra and Oudh held a reception for women at picnics, parties, summer the great landowners. The Lieu- excursions. Women would be in tenant-Governor ranks next to the their own quarters in their own Viceroy and his wife helped him homes and would see there no men receive. One landowner's wife was except their very near relatives. present because only one landowner COOKING A MEAL IN AN OUTDOOR KITCHEN IN INDIA was a Christian. Mohammedan and A purdah woman cannot appear in Hindu women must remain in se- court, her depositions must be clusion. taken by women only, usually Christian women are granted ac- One of my well-educated Indian cess to the women's quarters for friends who visited the United this purpose. States, said to me upon his return that what most impressed him in One morning I was at the office America was "the women." He of a Christian physician in Luckhad for the first time seen women now when the covered palanquin of preside over large assemblies, run a purdah woman, borne by several business houses of various types coolies, was set down in the yard and sizes, meet men on an equality at a distance of several yards from in a myriad phases of life. It was the office door. The doctor exama marvel to him. One grows weary ined the patient as follows: Doctrying to imagine what our country tor (shouting from the office would lose if our women were in door) :

"Are you constipated?" an American man finds his wife, Patient (totally concealed in her his mother, or even his daughter, palanquin): "Yes" (or "No," as a valued counsellor in business the case may be). matters. Many American widows Doctor: "Have you diarrhea?" support their families. Many Patient: "Yes" (or "No," as the American women support by their case may be). earnings their aged parents. Such Doctor: "Have you fever?" things are impossible in lands Patient: "Yes" (or "No," as the where the seclusion of women is case may be). practiced. It is also true that the This meager diagnosis com- ill-health caused by the system is pleted, the doctor wrote out a pre- cumulative. Children of weak parscription and handed it to a serv- ents are themselves weak. ant of the patient. Two typical illustrations of the The Caste System strictness of the purdah system may be given. A Mohammedan The caste system prevents the woman had been in hard labor in helpful economic development of a childbirth for many hours. A country that is bound by it. Christian man physician, who was the only ph y sic ian available, Guests were expected at my pleaded with the husband to be al- home in Lucknow and as there was lowed to relieve the woman of her no running water on the second fearful suffering and, if possible, floor I asked the Hindu gardener to save her life. The husband re- to carry some water to that floor. fused and the wife died in agony. Indian servants are usually very At another time a devastating obedient to American and British flood visited an Indian city. The employers, but the old gardener, substantial and roomy high school though polite and respectful, debuilding was opened for refugees clined to carry the water. He told whose mud houses had collapsed me that he was of the gardener and, in many cases, had been sub- caste and that he could carry water merged. One man whose family for the plants, but not for laundry, was in momentary danger of bathing, face-washing, or other drowning asked that a room be re- personal uses. If he did so, he served in the high school building would be outcaste and none of his for his purdah women. The school caste members would have anyauthorities declined, because to thing to do with him. Having no have granted the request would caste rules to break and having at have endangered more lives than hand no servant whose caste duty would have been saved. The en- it was to carry the water for me, dangered purdah women were not I carried it myself. Such caste brought to the school building. rules are foolish, but that does not The large majority of non-Chris- change their economic effect so tian women in India keep strict long as they are observed. purdah and they are effectively precluded from almost all wage- As is well known, a man of one earning occupations. It is almost caste can neither eat with a person impossible for such women to have of a lower caste nor can he eat any knowledge of business. Many what has been cooked by one of a lower caste. It follows that no two men of different castes can eat together. All hotels must have

POVERTY AND THE GOSPEL

Brahman cooks. Very careful curs when a father and mother and caste men do all of their own cook- their married sons and their faming when away from home. The ilies live together. The difficulty students in a dormitory for Hindu comes in knowing just when and men have as many cooking places how the family should divide when as castes and no student must enter the father and mother have died. the cooking place of any caste but Some joint families are very large. his own. Such are the ravages of disease Marriage must also be within and so short is the average span of one's own caste unless the party of life in India that the head of a the higher caste is willing to de- large joint family is sometimes less scend to the lower caste. Even than thirty years of age. It is to then the relatives of the degraded be remembered, however, that an party would be likely to become Indian woman may be a grandoutcastes. This restriction on mar- mother at twenty-five years of age. riage would not be severe if there This system frequently makes an were only a few castes with many able man assume the roles assumed persons in each. Castes are very in America or England by an. numerous and in not a few cases it old-folks' home, an orphanage, a becomes difficult to find a suitable partner. It is somewhat as if a poorhouse, a home for the feeblered-haired woman must invariably minded, a hospital, and even an marry a red-haired man or a cross- insane asylum. It also seriously eyed person must marry a cross- interferes with what we would reeyed person. gard as a normal movement of labor from place to place. It is our custom to promote what economists call the mobility of Belief in Transmigration labor. An oversupply of workmen Hindu belief in the transmigra- in one occupation is relieved by tion of souls has pronounced and some of them changing to some unexpected consequences. No or- other occupation. Such a method thodox believer in transmigration of relief is not open to the caste will kill an animal because to do so man. A leather worker is always would be the equivalent of commit- a leather worker. A laundryman ting murder. No one can tell whose is always a laundryman. When soul may be incarnated in a rat, a electric fans were introduced into snake, or any other animal merely India the caste whose work it had waiting for death, from natural been to pull the big punkas or fans causes, before that animal will in the houses was out of work. again be born in human form.

Their condition was serious. Bubonic plague is endemic in In- Perhaps the most serious eco- dia. Plague does not thrive where nomic consequence of the caste sys- there are no rats. San Francisco tem is the immobility of labor stamped out the disease by actually which it produces. A minor eco- starving the rats. Rats are numer- nomic consequence is the waste ous in India because of the belief that results from the extremely in transmigration and therefore large number of cooks that the sys- plague flourishes. DUring one of tem requires. the five years I spent in that coun- The joint family system is diffi- try 750,000 persons died from cult to define. A simple case oc- plague. Innoculation would save

almost everyone from plague, but working-man for eight hundred ignorance and superstition cause days. millions of Indians to refuse to be innoculated. I said: "Do you believe in such things?" Each year the Indian Govern- . ment issues a report of the number "No." of persons killed by wild animals "Then why do you do them?" during the year. A considerable "Because my wife and my moth- proportion of the deaths is caused er are both absolutely ignorant vil- by snake bite. The cobra and the lage women and if I had not per- karait are. the most deadly. The formed these ceremonies they belief in transmigration is directly would have killed me." responsible for many of these Inquests on the bodies of Indians deaths for the snake is an especial- who have died are not common and ly sacred animal and is preserved millions die with no physician in from harm even though the deadly attendance. An illiterate woman character of its bite is known. Pea- may be very skilful in the art of cocks, monkeys, deer, wild hogs, poisoning. Indian women may be and many wild birds and animals illiterate but they have power over are also allowed to exist in such their literate husbands and sons. large numbers as to cause great This student was very poor and by losses to the farmers. The bad this series of performances he was economic effects of a belief that thrown into debt for years, if not leads to the death of millions in the for life, .at a time when his educa- prime of their wage-earning power tion was unfinished. is obvious. It is equally clear that a system of game preservation that Holy Men of the East resembles in its effects, though not in its causes, that which proved so The presence of several millions burdensome in early England and of religious mendicants (the so- France, is decidedly wasteful. called "holy men") in India is a very considerable economic drain. Effects of Superstition These men are not the counterpart of the American clergymen. Many The best thinker among my Hin- thousands of them do not preach, du students returned to college one teach, or write. Their Christian day after a long absence and said counterpart is found in some of the that his young son had been born ascetics of ancient or medieval under an unlucky horoscope; times. So great is the hold of these therefore he had been busy doing men on their coreligionists that things to avert the threatened dis- people who are themselves all but aster to the child. He had gathered starving will contribute to their leaves from seven different varie- support. Occasionally an educated ties of sacred trees; collected wa- non-Christian revolts at the impositer from seven different sacred tion. A Hindu told me that when streams; collected dirt from seven he attended a religious festival at different important places; given a Allahabad a holy man asked him dinner to all of his high-caste for money. The student replied neighbors; and had given to the that the man had rendered him no priest two hundred rupees, which, service and that he owed him nothat that time, was the wages of a ing. The beggar said that the stu- dent's father and his grandfather

POVERTY AND THE GOSPEL

had both contributed to him and hammedan said to me that he could that the student must do so. "And not understand how an educated then," said my student, "I gave him woman could make a suitable wife. the smallest piece of money he had My answer was that educated ever r eceived and if my mother had women would not be willing to ocnot been with me I would not have cupy the position assigned to his given him anything." wife by the typical Mohammedan, but that they gave no trouble to The reverence in which these Christian husbands because of men are held is illustrated by the their education. I recall, however, fact that when they, in an absolute- with what evident pride one Hindu ly nude condition, march to the man told me that he had received a river at an especially sacred reli- SOME CIlRn;'l'IANS IN AN OUTCARTE INDIAN VILLAGE gious festival, the women kneel and postal card from his wife. Since kiss the dust of the ground over about one Indian woman in a thouwhich they have walked. Such sand can write her husband had women would give anything they good reason to be proud of her. possess to these beggars. The one festival mentioned above is the Mohammedanism ass i g n s to only occasion upon which any ex- women a position so degraded that ception iS,made to the law that one one can well believe the statement garment must be worn by each that in comparison to the Mohamadult. medan cities of northern Africa the morals of Sodom .and Gomor- The economic drain of this large rah were positively prudish. Hinparasitic class is clearly apparent. duism offers to women as the supreme comfort the hope that No non-Christian religion has some time in the course of transproduced in its adherents the same migrations she may be born a man. care for the education of women as for the education of men. A Mo- The economic effects of an igno-

rant and degraded womanhood are improvement in physical, intellecalmost wholly bad. Physical weak- tual, and moral standards as would ness, intellectual weakness, lack of natUrally follow the common adopbusiness experience and training, tion of Christianity, could so emdegrading moral standards, expen- ploy the population as to raise the sive superstitions, are a few of standard of economic life well such effects. above the poverty line.

Summary for India A common error is to suppose that because the Indians have The indictment against non- farmed for some thousands of Christian practices for economic years they have nothing to learn inefficiency is to my mind conclu- about farming. The success that sive. All of the practices mentioned has attended the teaching of agriare common and have the sanction culture in India by Christian forof religious teaching. None of them eigners proves the error. It is true, has the sanction of Christian teach- however, that the adoption of ing. It makes a vast economic dif- many of the most productive methference whether an uneconomic ods in agriculture is at presellt practice is rare and is condemned made impossible by the extreme by public opinion and the prevail- smallness of the individual units of ing religious teaching or whether cultivation. Landowners h a v e it is common and is either com- large holdings, but they also have manded or sanctioned by the pre- so many tenants (often numbering vailing religious teaching. thousands) that each cultivator has a very small bit of land. The use Some of India's undesirable eco- of a tractor, a self-binder, a threshnomic conditions are ascribable to ing machine, or any other equipnon-Christian practices although ment that can do a large amourit they may result from the operation of work in a short time is impossiof more than one cause. One ble without cooperative farming. marked evil is the lack of diversification of industry. Far too large a Non-Christian beliefs result in proportion of the population is en- such practices as produce an ungaged in farming. Too few raw satisfactory economic condition. products are manufactured at Would a general adoption of Chrishome. The caste system, the igno- tianity furnish an effective remrance of the people, the lack of edy? All of the evils given in the physical strength, make it hard to preceding list would be either mitiintroduce new occupations. It is gated or abrogated under a Christhe fashion to attribute the dire tian regime. Christians do not poverty of India to overpopulation, practice child-marriage, the purbut Belgium has supported the dah system, caste nor expensive larg~st population per square mile and ineffective religious rites; in the world without either asking they do not revere beggars; they or receiving pity on account of do not assign woman to a degraded overcrowding. The United States position; they do not believe in would immediately be overcrowded transmigration. if ninety per cent of its population would engage in agriculture. A Christianity teaches, with clear diversification of the industries of and persistent emphasis, the worth India, if accompanied by such an of the individual. Sex, race, caste, nationality, make no difference in

POVERTY AND THE GOSPEL

the Christian valuation. Its adop- God and his righteousness and all tion as a rule of practice would re- these things (needed material create the non-Christian world. It things) shall be added unto you" is is not an accident that no country a simple unequivocal promise. It unaffected by Christianity has a is explicit and has been proved universal system of education. It abundantly. There is a strong tenis not by chance that history fur- dency to attempt to reverse the nishes no record of a non-Christian process. To the natural man the people becoming Christian, or seeking of the Kingdom at any adopting Christian ideals, without time seems unnecessary and espethe economic standards of that peo- cially as a preliminary to the seekple being raised. A non-Christian ing of material things. The truth Croosus flourished at the expense is that the terms of the promise can of a multitude of abjectly poor be neither successfully reversed peasants and slaves, but the aver- nor neglected. Any nation that age standard of life was extremely seeks the Kingdom of God and conlow. Christianity promises to raise sistently practices the rules of that the mass rather than to elevate a Kingdom will have an assured and few. abiding and general prosperity. A Christian nation may not be a na- Christianity develops the intel- tion of wealthy people but it will lectual capacities of a people, in- not be a nation in which starvation creases their physical strength, or abject and unrelieved poverty helps to secure the proper mobility prevails. of labor, dispels superstition, makes practicable the diversifica- The United States is at present tion of industry, banishes the fear- the wealthiest country in the world. ful curse of child-marriage, abol- Its only salvation from drifting inishes the necessity of grinding to a degenerating materialism is to poverty. These benefits come, not recognize its responsibility for the to the men alone or the highest spiritual welfare of its own people caste alone, but to the population and also for the rest of the world. as a whole. Many millions need the teachings we can give to them. "Seek ye first the Kingdom of SHALL WE "FORCE" OUR RELIGION ON OTHERS?

Christianity is not our religion. It came to us from Christ through other people. We adopted it and there is no reason why we should fail to pass it on to others. Christianity is just as much native to Africa or Persia, as to America and England. Most nations have changed their religions at least once; and if a better faith offers, it should be accepted. Japan is largely Buddhist, yet Buddhism was born in India. Africa and China have large Moslem popula- tions, but Islam was born in Arabia. Christianity was born in the East and is not our faith over against the rest of the world. .

But no one is forcing Christianity on other people. If we open a Chris- tian scho'ol, nobody is obliged to attend it; and even if one does attend, he need not become a Christian. If we open a Christian hospital no one needs to go into the hospital. If we publish the Bible, nobody is required to read it. There is no fair sense in which force can be used with reference to mission work.

Non-Christian people can take or leave the missionary message precisely as anybody in Christian lands can take or leave the message of any minister if he chooses. -CLELAND B. MCAFEE.

A KOREAN VILLAGFl-MR. enOl AND HIB PRI7,E

'rhis young Christian Korean W:lS stnrtf'u in hH,iB(,S~ of s((!('k nwl pou1tr.' raisJng' and largely as a result this village has bef'J1 phangp(l from povprty, ilrunkj~nn p ~H nnel lll Wll'RRu ess, to thrift, sobriety and law-otlRervun~e.

HEJ..PING KOREANS OUT OF POVERTY Christian Farm Schools in Chosen BY DR. FRANCIS O. CLARK, Seoul, Chosen Ag1"icultura·l Advi.Rcr of the Nationu,l OottncH oj K01'can Y. llf. O. A/s J FTER spending fifteen months In order to reach the largest number of people, we conducted fiin Chosen, traveling 30,000 twenty-one ten-day farm schools, miles and visiting all of the to which the real "dirt farmers" were invited, together with leaders thirty-eight mission stations, I am particularly interested in the moveconvinced that the economic con- ment. These schools were very ditions of the country can be most practical. One-half of the time was quickly improved by instructing spent in lectures, one-fourth in the people along lines of diversified farming and by teaching them the best methods of dry-farming and question and answer discussions, stock raising. The emphasis of the and one-fourth in demonstrating government has been largely on how to prepare soil, make and use improving the culture of rice, and simple farm machinery, select the therefore most of the land avail- best seed, judge stock, etc. Lutz, able for this crop is now being Bunce, Kim and Pak started one fairly well managed. school, while Clark, Avison, Hong, 736

HELPING KOREANS OUT OF POVERTY

and Lee began the other. At the thirty to fifty cents per day, but end of five days, we exchanged more than one-half the farmers schools. By this system it was pos- could not afford to pay this amount. sible for each instructor to perfect We have selected from this large his work and discuss topics which group forty or fifty who, we hope, he was most thoroughly prepared will carryon definite farm projto demonstrate. Mr. Lutz and ects, on which farmers are exparty specialized on dry-farming, pected to demonstrate improved soils, fertilizers, crops, horticul- methods of CUltivation, the use of ture, bee keeping, etc. The other legumes, green manures, and imgroup discussed animal husbandry, portant crops, giving special atten- LOCAL COMMITTEE] OD' 'rHE HEJJJO (PYENGYANG) Y. M. C. A. EXPERIMENTAl, FARMS (Dr, F. n. Clnrk is in the front row, fourth from the left.) as applied to Korea, and the vari- tion to improved methods of plantous phases of farm management, ing and to selection of seed for financing, marketing, home indus- future planting. This program will tries, etc. require the services of men trained in animal husbandry and farm We enrolled a paid attendence management. Since the income of (five cents a day) of 4,280 and an the average farm family in Chosen estimated attendance at night is less than $140 a year, it will be meetings of more than 40,000. necessary to help these men get a Many walked from twenty to fifty start in buying simple equipment, miles, carrying sufficient bedding improved seed, fertilizer, and good and rice to last the ten days. One stock. poor fellow spilled his rice in the mud and was forced to gather it up, Last November and December a wash it and use it for food. Korean practical school of agriculture was inns provide board and room at conducted where these project 2

farmers were taught and further how to produce other crops than training was given to Korean rural rice. A bushel of wheat can be pro- leaders. From this leader's school, duced with much less labor than a the best men were chosen to help bushel of rice, and on land that continue a large number of short will not produce the latter. Since ten-day schools. their food contents are similar, the There are many young men in problem of feeding the people in Chosen who have been educated in such countries as Japan, China, and literature, political science, history, Chosen can be greatly lessened by etc., but who find little practical growing a larger variety of cereal use for their education. Some who crops. The area of tillable soil in the country can be nearly doubled if we introduce variety farming and the proper use of hill lands in a program 'of intensive crop rota- tion and stock raising. Fruit, mul- berry and nut trees should be grown on the hillsides and the level land should be saved for the cere- als.

Everywhere we go in Chosen, the people come out to farmers' meet- ings in great numbers and are anxious to get information on im- proved farming.

Fortunately this idea of better farming has been definitely associ- ated with the Christian religion.

In many cases, churches have ap- pointed agriculture committees and have cooperated in the pur- chase of land with a hope of dem- A YOUNG KOREAN AND IllS PF.'l' onstrating improved methods of ROOSTER agriculture to neighbors. We have invited such communities to send are willing to work with their representatives to the far m hands may be benefited by taking schools. At some schools we se- these practical courses and will lected a particular farm for which become qualified to conduct demon- we worked out a detailed plan of stration farms or to teach agricul- management covering a period of ture in the primary and middle three years. We construct or dem- schools now conducted by the vari- onstrate better tillage machinery ous missions. The main purpose of and the method of properly pre- the farm schools is, however, to paring the soil for planting.

give a practical course adapted to All the missions of the Federal the immediate needs of the Korean Council in Chosen are cooperating farmers. in this farm school movement and An eminent Japanese professor the mission workers, together with emphasizes the importance of the Korean church leaders, are teaching the farmers of the Orient largely responsible for the attend-

HELPING KOREANS OUT OF POVERTY '139

ance at sessions of the farm schools. of demonstration farms. It is also The women of Chosen must be necessary to raise the economic level among Christians in Korea in convinced of the need for a change order that they may be independin diet and must be taught how to ent and may support their own prepare various kinds of foods. It churches. At the cost of $100 a is a common impression that milk, year for three years (for equipeggs, and fruit are too expensive ment, seed and fertilizer) a group for ordinary people to eat. Under of ten or twelve men, trained in agexisting conditions this is true, but riculture, may be able to train Koby improved methods of farming rean leaders and in ten years can the people can raise these products turn over the main part of the proon land that is now being largely FIRST MEETING '1'0 ORGANIZ E A Y. M. C. A. IN A KOllEAN VILLAGE wasted, they can learn how to feed gram to them. In fifteen or twenty stock on plants that can grow be- years, the income from the farms tween the seasons of human food should be doubled, thus enabling crops. the Korean Church to be adequate- ly self-supporting. The mission Such a change can be brought forces should take the lead and supabout in Chosen only when the ply the necessary men, women, and practical side of farming is dem- means to make this demonstration onstrated to the people. The influ- of applied Christianity. The ence of the missionaries and the church must prove to the people Christian Church is great, and a that it really cares for their human united effort will make these welfare as well as for their spiritschools more successful and pre- ual life. pare the way for a large number

THE VILLAGES IN NYASALAND*

BY MRS. T. CULLEN YOUNG, Loudon, Nyasaland, Africa Missionary of the Ohurch oj Scotland Mission A FEW years after David Liv- keeping it back. They are hang- ingstone's death, Dr. Robert ing on to the old ceremonial rites Laws founded the Living- and customs, especially when trag- stonia Mission on Lake Nyasa. In edy comes to the village, while at the pioneer days the youth had to the same time they grope in a dim be bribed to come to school. Fren- and misty way after the new things zied Ngoni warriors came to raid which may be good for their chil- the weaker tribes along the shore dren, but which seem to attack the of Lake Nyasa. He heard the war roots of their own lives. Never- impis round his house yelling death theless there are other women who to the "white spirit," and often he are taking their place bravely and had to be ready to flee, with steam beautifully in the uplift of their up in the little "Ilala" and his sur- country.

gical instruments and few treas- The Livingstonia Institution, ured wedding-presents bur i e d built on an escarpment 4,500 feet under the sitting-room floor. above sea level on the western Today all has changed. The shore of Lake Nyasa, includes a Government has entered into part- large Secondary School with a nership in the work of training the Normal Course for the training of Africans for the future, and the teachers, a Medical Course, pro- Mission moves out into new re- ducing trained hospital assistants sponsibilities. But the foundation and other courses for evangelists has been laid by the pioneers. and ministers. The Industrial De- When Dr. Laws left Nyasaland be- partments, which include carpenhind him, after over fifty years, try, printing, engineering, buildhe was carried on the Governor's ing and agriculture absorbs huntrain, the guard of which was one dreds· of young Africans. The of his own old pupils, while others Mission had two out-districts comwere in trusted positions in Gov- prising the most beautiful and ernment offices. varied scenery, in the midst of which lie the villages from which Livingstonia graduates are scat- come the raw material of African tered all over Africa-Tanganyika youth. Territory, Belgian Congo, the Two Rhodesias, South Africa and even The Lake District is a strip of Kenya. Many teachers have with- sandy country lying along the shore stood the temptation of bigger pay and stretching inland to the footand are now teaching village hills. Here cotton and tobacco schools, often remote from their flourish. The people are mostly own home and friends. fishers, traders and boatmakers. They also plant large quantities of The country is advancing but, groundnuts. On the whole, they fundamentally, the women are are more enterprising than the in- • Looking back on twenty-six years in the landers, as they came earlier into Livingstonia Mission the most uplifting ex- contact with outside trade. Creamy nets lie drying on the shore of the perience has been to watch the Master touching the life of the .African village to new impulses and ideals.-J. C. Y.

740 lake, canoes turned up on the sand, education, with loving friendship, naked children playing under the will win the conservative, timid, banana trees. witch-bound African.

A small slip of a girl went down The other district lies beyond the to the lake one morning with a pot range which forms the western on her head. She washed her brass edge of the Great Rift. This disbangles at the water's edge with trict, for which the Institution staff the fine sand and then went in her- also holds itself responsible, is self. She never returned. The equally rich in rivers, woodland empty pot told the tale. The fa- and mountains. Here coffee and ther tied a sick cow to a stake and wheat flourish, while tea has been next morning the crocodile had it started and other parts are recomby the nose. One shot killed the mended for tobacco. monster and the small bangles revealed the tragedy. The cry of an Once away from the station and African mother who has lost her all its activities, we go whirling child is unforgettable. along in a bush-car at great speed. The open road has a wonderful "A-ye-we!" she calls, as she effect on our spirits. We feel at throws up her arms and beats her peace with the world, acknowledgbreast, "Had I not three sons and ing God's goodness to the blue sky. they were taken? Did I not call Suddenly there is a shout from the this child Dongo ('mud,' so that front runner: the spell might be broken), and she also has gone. A-ye-we 1" "All you hear me, my name is January!" Beautiful lake shore! you look so peaceful and Christian with "Since when did you take that those school-churches and much name?" hymn-singing, but beneath and beside it all does there not still lie the "This morning," is the gay reterror and the doubt? There is the joinder. Shrill voices come from old woman who dreams dreams and the isolated huts on the near hills, then calls the people to sweep the asking who we are and where we village, to throwaway the embers are going. Our men shout back, of their fires and come with white satisfying the curiosity of the hillfowls to the mountain to appease folk, usually with jokes which make the wrath of God who is about to everybody laugh. send disease. There is the woman who makes evil potions, and who In the afternoon we pull up at sits over her pot, covered with the Mission rest-house, a simple bark-cloth from head to foot. dwelling, with whitewashed walls, There is the man working in the two rickety bedsteads, a table and Mission Printing-Office who was one or two chairs. taken ill and went home to the lake shore to consult a medicine- Next morning we make an early man who told him that enemies start to climb Usowoya Mountain were willing his death. A month before the sun is high. The man in after, my husband saw him lying front constantly warns the man beon his mat wasting away, prac- hind of the defects of the road. tically dying in the grip of the be- "Down, left, right! Tree-stump, lief that he was bewitched. Only my brother," and the man behind takes warning against putting his foot into a hole or jabbing his toes.

We reach the top and find the school there in the clearing and

morning classes begun. I sit on man, sitting beside his kraal split- the school bell-a drum-until our ting black crow's feathers for his chairs arrive. The numerous chil- burial headdress.

dren look at us at first from a dis- About two hours later, we draw tance and comment on our pe- up at a school carrying on in the culiarities. open air at a forest clearing. The My husband spends the after- school building has collapsed from noon in school and later sits under the depredations of white ants.

the big tree-the village talking- Only the skeleton of the new build- place-with the men, while I strike ing has been erected so far. The off towards a group of women. children sit on logs while the They are no longer shy. After teacher uses a deformed tree stump much friendly chat there comes a for a chair. The blackboard hangs pause for their intuition tells them upon a tree branch. The local that the mission lady has always Christians have arrived and all something more to say after the gather together for a talk, hymn- banter. They wait, and then we sing and prayer.

give one of those messages which The young girls are wearing is always waiting to be given. round their necks, threaded on a Once more 'our hearts have been string, one large crimson bean with laid bare and we are friends for black keel. "Why are you all wear- life. ing one bean?" "Because it is The old elder is making a pair of beautiful," they answer, but I know wooden crutches to enable a young otherwise. Later some big girls man to go to the hospital at Living- corne and sit near the door of the stonia. His leg has been poisoned tent. I hand them my small-mir- for a long time by a horrible ulcer. ror, and the interest is intense as One evening, at the station some one or two see their own faces for months later, we meet a smartly the first time. The reserve has dressed youth standing outside the broken down. "Why are you wear- hospital. He smiles and says, ing that bean?" I ask. At once the "Don't you know me?" and he lifts answer comes: "A snake won't his wooden leg covered with trous- bite us if we wear it, but if one ers and canvas shoe. The leg was does bite us then we put the bean made by a station carpenter. in water, stir, and drink, and all After a service with the villagers will be well."

the following morning, we run Some days after we descend the along for miles on the top of the Usowoya Hills to the plains again.

ridge. Up here the school-centres This part of the plain is well pop- are far apart as it is not very ulated and we find the people in thickly populated. My husband the throes of great fear. Two lions calls from behind, "Do you see that have been in possession of the vil- dark clump of trees at the top of lages for several nights, helping that rocky knoll on your right? themselves to goats and pushing at That is where old Kajiwunde was the doors of huts. We get a great caught as a boy by Ngoni raiders welcome here; many old friends about 1855." The young boy of six corne to greet us and talk.

or seven years was taken away as In the late afternoon I notice a a slave to Ngoniland where we met woman sitting by herself on a little him. He was then a very old, bent knoll beside a solitary hut in the

TOURING THE VILLAGES IN NYASALAND

middle of a maize garden. I be- keep flicking with uur eland tails.

come consumed with curiosity as Buffalo SPOOl' is fresh on the path. she sits apparently doing nothing. We sleep in a small, deserted bush- I get up and make straight for her. village. When the people, who are Not finding a path I get into diffi- sleeping in their garden watch- culties, but finally reach her. As I huts, hear of our arrival, one womapproach I see her putting her hands behind her back. She is an oldish woman. We greet. I pull a bit of wood and sit down beside her.

"Have you been reaping today?"

"Can I reap'! can I hoe? have I hands?" and she slowly brings her poor, mangled hands to the front.

"How did that happen 7" "Did the Ngoni not do it when I was a girl, when they raided our villages and wanted my brass bangles which were difficult to take off?" We cross the Rakuru in a dug-out and sitting on the bank, we watch the bush-car, beds, bedding, tent, table, food-baskets and suit cases brought across, the men trying to balance these things with themselves in the old, leaky canoe.

We hold straight westwards till we come to the "Gate" of the Nkamanga country, which is the Njakwa Gorge. This gorge is just a great tangle of vegetation, clos- ing in overhead in parts, with a deep river rushing over big bould- ers or swirling in deep, dark pools.

If you ask a native to go to the Nkamanga country, he immediately looks around for another to accom- pany him. The old people said that the god of the river, in the shape of a red-crested snake, came down A NKAMANGA SCHOOLBOY WEARING from the hill every year and went KILT ~lADlj; OlJ1 'l'JUDIC-BAltK InnRE into these pools. People made of- an runs towards the empty village ferinps to it – human ones are crying: "Don't sleep in that end whispered. We have seen beads hut there; it has gone wrong!"

and flour laid down at the crossing Next morning I ask the women which consisted of tree-branches what had gone wrong with the end tied together with strips of bark hut. Dead silence! Finally one and laid between two gigantic young woman answers, "Twins boulders. were born in it and if your carriers Next we enter a tsetse belt and had slept in it their legs would

have swollen in lumps and the but the details of the service they trouble would have come back upon rendered are still obscure.

us for not warning them." Two days further west lies the We are soon on the path again, other sacred mountain of Nka- lifting up our hearts in prayer that manga, called Mwanda-the cenfre the seed sown may bring forth of a still earlier worship. Among fruit in the hearts of those attrac- a variety of tales, God is said to tive people. At the largest centre send abroad from Mwanda in the of population and of historic inter- rumblings of his thunder, the first est in the Nkamanga plain, the announcement of the approaching chief, Chikuramayembe IX, comes rains.

out to greet us, wearing a yellow- Having visited all the schools in brown kanzu decorated with silver Nkamanga we go further west and braid, a long chain with the king's finally come to a centre on the edge medallion and a red fez. of the great Vwaza Marsh. Here, This was formerly an ivory trad- while the camp is being got ready, ing center. Here we have a very I renew acquaintance with the large, cruciform-shaped, school- women and children.

church with teachers and many Next morning we enter the soli- scholars, including boarders from tude of the Vwaza Marsh, the home more distant villages. The heart of buffalo, elephant and many of of the missionary's task is to per- the larger antelope. Our load men suade these teachers to take a more do not lag behind that day. The active part in the supreme task of man who carries the rifle and am- helping those boys and girls to gain munition is the most popular. An an unblurred vision of Jesus old woman appears walking to- Christ. Now that the Government wards us. We greet her. "Are has stepped in one must avoid the you not afraid to travel here danger of giving a purely secular alone?" She seems deaf so we re- education. The head teacher's wife peat the question. She then looks has a Bible class of thirty married up with a beautiful smile and asks, women five mornings in the week. "Have I not a Father?" She had Next day we are off on the wings learned about her heavenly Father of the morning for we have many at the services in some small vil- schools to visit-right to the north- lage school. One cannot calculate ern Rhodesian border. At all these the stupendous use God makes of schools a well-attended women's the village teacher at these lonely class is sure proof of the character outposts. Of our Nyasaland schools of the teacher. we have reached the farthest west.

Nkamanga is an almost circular It is the month of October. The plain, surrounded by hills and open whole country is a yellow throb- only to the south where the Rukuru bing haze. The rivers are dry.

River comes down from Ngoniland. Only those which have their source Most noticeable to the west is the far up in the Nyika are running.

peaked mountain Chikang'ombe- The marshes, the bane of our trav- the hill of worship-at the foot of els earlier in the year, are cracked which lies the village ill whose care solid. Once more we take the same lay once the sacred hill. It is said road to the same rest-house. We that girls were set apart, in per- turn up into the hills but are petual virginity, as "wives of God," warned by the people on the plain

that the village at the summit is own home. The people like him deserted. A number of deaths dur- however and speak well of his ing the past months had ousted the teaching. He is trustworthy, one people. The spirits had thus shown of those live Christian souls. He their disapproval! The real cause agrees to stay on for another term, was no doubt the bad water supply and we are glad, for his teaching is -a small stagnant pool. With a badly needed. We have talks with whole village population dipping the people, man-to-man talks, wom- and lifting mud, contamination was an-to-woman talks. They agree certain. that all is not right in their mode We reach the top, 5,000 feet of life and new resolutions are above sea level, after sunset. A made. In the morning we have a long, silent street. Substantially last word with them and go forth.

built mud and thatch houses on We shall not see them for another either side. Not a soul to greet us. year.

Clay pots on verandahs, firewood Now we have reached the seven stacked in corners, barns full, beer thousand feet level, and are above pots closed with cob-webs, bunches the tree line. Only in the gullies of herbal medicine drying, burnt are there tangles of vegetation, and embers in the dip in the centre of old, big, gnarled and twisted trees.

the huts-a complete flight before There are now no villages of any the anger of the ancestral spirits size, only groups of huts of from and their weapon of death. We two to five, widely scattered. At pitch our tent for the night and them all we stop and pitch our tent leave at dawn. We pass the well- in the near gully for the wind can built school-church, with rustic be terrific at night. Indeed, we forms and desk intact. Nothing often lie thinking of the tent ropes could have more signally exempli- and their chance against such odds.

fied the power of superstition over The people of the Nyika are the the even partially – e due ate d Poka. They are squat, heavy and African. broad in the make and tend to- On we go, steadily mounting wards hairiness. They are kn()tty through thick vegetation, getting and bent at the knees with the con- glimpses by the way of towering stant climbing, and the big toe in boulders with the river completely each foot is noticeably enlarged.

hidden, rushing far beneath; no They are wonderful agriculturists.

doubt old worshipping centres as They grow potatoes, onions, peas, all those awesome places were. At beans of several varieties, maize, noon we come to a village with a millet and wheat. In fact, they are school. The village is very dirty. the only people in this region who The people ate dressed in mudded understand the maintenance of the bark-cloth; especially the women soil without having been taught; have an untidy, beery look. Beer although like all Africans, they pots are in abundance. Our tent tend towards wastefulness of the is pitched and once more we are as soil by perpendicular ridging on a circus to these people. The school the slopes. Until quite recently is examined, and the teacher is they would have nothing to do with shown his defects and encouraged. schools. There is only one vacation He wants to return to the fertile, school even now, and the teacher kindly plains to teach beside his is a volunteer from the Institution

who comes for short periods. We size of a pigeon's egg, remnant of have many meetings and talks with Arab influence, can contain herself these scattered highlanders. The no longer and, as is the native cusyoung girls follow us to the second tom, gives her answer by asking a and third camp just to spend part question. "Did we not flee from of the day with us. To their great the fertile valley of the Rukuru joy, my suit-case is turned out, in- when the Ngoni raided us?" She cluding the mirror, and the use of rises and, throwing up her skinny everything explained. All reserve old arms, stamps one heel on the breaks down, questions are asked ground and then the other, signifyand a n s w ere d, friendship ce- ing no doubt what revenge she mented. would take if she could.

Finally, after much climbing we We spend a few days resting at come to the highest inhabited spot, a camp on a lake on the mountain a hamlet of five huts. The tent is top, and then wend our way homepitched. I saunter along to the huts ward slowly, camping frequently at and find some women shelling beautiful, cascading streams. We beans and ask them why they have are nearer the eight thousand feet chosen such a high and exposed level now. No longer tired, we despot to live on, when their gardens scend to face the program of anare far down the sheltered valleys. other year. A sudden halt! the After a little, one very old woman whole caravan listens! The first wearing a long string of the oldest thunder rumbles in the west. type of bead in the country-prus- "Ah," says a voice, "God has not sian blue and white chalcedony the forgotten us: Mwanda speaks."

WHY GO INTO MISS,IONARY SERVICE Responses by newly appointed misswnwries of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society at the presentation service at Kansas City Walter R. Werelius, M.D.-We would preach Jesus Christ and Him crucified, and resurrected, the living Saviour.

M. Vincent Young.-The missionary force across the Burman border is far too meager, so I am very anxious to join my father and my brother who are now on that field as ambassadors of Christ.

Alfred C. Davis.-We go to Assam because Christ is dear to us; be- cause we believe that Christ supplies all of our needs; because we are convinced that Christ fulfils the needs of all.

Julius Ki8h.~Twenty-four years ago I was an immigrant boy. A Baptist missionary told me it was my duty to bring Jesus Christ to my people. I have never forgotten what he said.

Dresie Yut-Sen La1h'You.~My work in San Francisco in helping to bring little children to Christ will be only answering His plea as He said: "Suffer little children to come unto Me."

Nancy Ellen ESP1J.~As I go to Milwaukee to work among the Polish people it is my hope that I may so live Christ and so present Him to them that they will want to accept Him as their way of life.

Elsie Lar8on.~The most important purpose of my life will be to bring to the people the me·ssage of Christ who can satisfy every need and whom to know is life eternal. ~MissioU8.

A FARMER MISSIONARY ON

BY BRAYTON C. CASE, Pyinmana, Burma Superintendent oj the American Baptist Agricultural School N o ONE can make missions as tions. I went to the mission field real to the home church as equipped with what I thought was the missionary himself. The the latest and best, but at home I missionary is often used to revive found myself an intellectual hay- the church and the home church seed growing whiskers. Revolu- and the Christian men in it, who tionary discoveries had been made. are living their religion in many New departments of knowledge walks of life, can do much to re- had sprung up that suggested new vive the missionary. Many enrich- improvements on the mission field. ing experiences come on a fur- Suddenly I was let loose like a lough. Missions hold the respect starved cow on fresh pasture, feel- of serious-minded men. In college, ing I would like to gorge myself or bank, or factory, or store, strong with it all in a single day. I wrote men give serious attention to the volumes of notes, gathered armfuls missionary's· work. Interest in the of free pamphlets, bought trunk- whole world's welfare is in the air fuls of books. The volume of de- and the spirit is gaining ground licious succulence nearly choked that a man to be respectable should me. At last with desperate self give genuine service. However in- control I pushed aside the bulk of adequately the churches may be it and picked out a few choice bits able to get this spirit expressed in and tried to digest them. Then missionary offerings, and though with new found strength prepared the organized expression of reli- to return to the old job. gion in regular church channels These institutions are doing a may sometimes be disappointing, similar service for others in many there seems to be a decided ad- walks of life. At a "Farmers vance in the influence of real reli- Week" in midwinter two thousand gion over the lives of thoughtful country people came and plunged men in the world of action. Many into an educational and inspiraof the biggest men in America tional deluge for six days. The cheerfully give a good share of regular college activities were their time as well as money to re- stopped and every classroom and ligious and philanthropic causes. professor was grappling with hun- In the state agricultural colleges gry seekers. Regarding the counmany of the leading men are active try church, country school, nursworkers in the local churches. ing, health, cooking, clothing, They are interested in missions and music, crops, poultry, farm anidesire to be of service in their ad- mals, gardening, games, commuvancement. There is a missionary nity organization and many other spirit about these institutions. The lines, experts were giving instruccolleges breath the spirit of "Here tion and council to groups and diswe are for your special service." cussing problems related to their A wealth of fresh information al- particular needs. Eager learners so is to be found in these institu- and able and devoted men joyously 747

poured themselves out to be a bless- In addition to these, schools were ing. organized running two weeks for various types of rural leaders. During another week came a tor- That for country preachers coming rent of boys and girls-club mem- in the summer time was one of the bers from the .farms and homes all most interesting. With the coopover the state. Each one was se- eration of the religious organizalected to come because of some spe- tions of the state a curriculum was cial achievement durin$' the previ- drawn up which included subjects ous year and they all were eager to helpful to country pastors in small benefit by this privilege. They rep- rural communities. Outstanding resented three quarters of a million church leaders taught the subjects club members all over the country. on the religious side of the work such as sermons for a country Throughout the year large par- church, pastoral work, Sundayties organized from different coun- school management, etc., while ties in the state arrived in automo- members of the college staff taught biles to spend a day at the college. subjects such as rural recreation, They listened to specialists tell rural family life, gardening, poulwhat were the latest discoveries re- try, cooperation and marketing. lated to their particular needs. They saw practices demonstrated Similar schools were conducted on the college experiment station, for Sunday-school teachers and observed specimens prepared in workers among young people. laboratories, and talked with these There were schools for leaders of leaders about what they saw. the Grange which is the fraternal There was mutual respect and organization for country people goodwill from both sides, and their very widespread over America. feet stayed on the ground. Their Also a similar school was held for talk dealt with real country life the local leaders of the Boys and and present pressing problems. It Girls Farm and Home Clubs. was thrilling. This one day meeting might be of a county poultry These numerous activities were association, county market garden- conducted with the hearty cooperaers, dairy or fruit growers' associa- tion of existing local agencies tion, or a state seedsmen's or a working for the betterment of live stock convention. I even saw country life. The leaders of the a professor lecturing on disinfect- agricultural colleges were not tryants and hair tonics at a barbers' ing to put over something on these convention. local organizations but, with sym- pathetic understanding and a help- Still another type were the short ful Christian spirit, were coopercourses for farmers lasting two ating to contribute those elements weeks. Different subjects would be they possessed for making country taken up at different times in the life richer and more satisfying year and conducted by different de- both in a material and spiritual partments of the college, such as way. This tremendous volume of short courses on poultry, or fruit helpful influence from the state agand vegetable growing, or dairy- ricultural college was being poured ing. Experts from outside in com- into the surrounding country life mercial or state work were some- every month of the year and in times called in to supplement the local staff. practically everyone of the forty-

A FARMER MISSIONARY ON FURLOUGH

eight states-a big help to farmers. partment of the government, and Out among the farms and homes its agents are constantly traveling in practically every corner of each over the country encouraging and state was still another hand of the advising with the various local agricultural college reaching out to agencies. I found these agents in bless and serve. This was the local real missionary headquarters. The resident agent of the college exten- maze of offices, clicking typesion department. Nearly every writers, and hUrrying feet was becounty had a county agent who wildering but into whichever door lived there and visited the country I stuck my head there 1 met a smile people and advised them regarding of welcome and the question: their farm work. He got local "What is your difficulty? What farmers to demonstrate improved can I do for you ?" When they dispractices. He came to be a friend covered I was a missionary like a of everybody who was looking for seven-year locust returning to dea better way of living and working. vour any green thing, they re- I have seen these men conducting doubled their efforts to get the meetings which would make a mis- latest bit of information that might sionary envious. I heard them be of service. Scores of people preaching principles of pruning laid themselves out and some even and practical living perched on a went around the city to help me tree-top with a saw, and talk on get the thing I needed. From insoil improvement and soul culture tensely busy men at the head of from out of a hole in the ground bureaus to office stenographers, with a spade in hand. Around them the spirit of being enlisted in a gathered hard-handed, sunburned great missionary enterprise was farmers, eagerly listening and ask- present. ing questions and carrying home a In a multitude of places I found better way of life as well as some this purpose at work-to be of the better practice in agriculture. greatest possible service to the These were new types of mission- common country people-and it aries with a contagious enthusiasm gripped the heart of this farmer and devotion to the all-round bet- mIssIOnary. This avalanche of terment of their communities, that kindness and help and inspiration made me wish we could import sev- overwhelmed me. The magnificent eral shiploads of them to turn loose Christian men I met through these on our mission fields. In addition, contacts brought me wonderful new in many counties there was a wom- friends, filled me with new spiran home demonstration agent giv- itual power, gave me a new vision ing her attention to the needs of and made my furlough a rich exthe farm homes and sometimes still perience. another man or woman for boys' The spirit of this great moveand girls' clubs. Altogether there ment, permeated by Christian men are over five thousand of these ex- seeking to render a Christian servtension agents at work in America. ice to the country life of the world, Cooperating with all these state was expressed at Jerusalem in agencies and back of them all is the 1928. Before the Christian people United States Department of Agri- of the world who think in rural culture. It employs more people terms for rural needs, the followin Washington than any other de- ing statement was made under the

heading, "The Christian Mission in interests of a better Christian Relation to Rural Problems in Asia country life. Dr. Butterfield is and Africa": right in the centre of this great Man is an integral part of God's stream working for a better counphy,sical creation, and much of his best try life. He stresses the need of education, as well as his moral and spiritual regeneration as well as spiritual development, can still be agricultural and social. improve- drawn from the environment that ment. Country ministers as well rural life affords. as the Christian laymen of the The moral and spiritual values of countryside look to him for leaderthe farmer's work, his stewardship of ship. the soil, the greatest material resource which God has given His children; On the mission fields we are up the farmer',s service to his fellowmen against the problem of leading our in producing the primary physical rural converts to grow in the fullneed of mankind-food; the farmer's ness and richness of the Christian need of discovering God's laws and life. Tied down by the limitations how to conform to them, how he can of extreme poverty, bodies under- more fully be a worker together with nourished, disease sapping their God; these are distinct and peculiar strength, with the result that little opportunitie!l for Christian teaching and preaching among rural folk. spiritual inspiration stirs their souls to attempt greater and better We recommend that as soon as prac- things because they are Christians. ticable the Committee of the Interna- If the new impulse which comes tional Missionary Council employ a into their lives through Christ does competent staff member to give full not find expression in doing sometime to the service of rural mis·sions thing better, in growing a better in all parts of the world.

In -harmony with these recom- crop, building a better house, mendations, Dr. Kenyon L. But- cleaner clothes, using more soap terfield has gone to India, Siam and water on the babies; betterand China to study needs and to fed children in addition to better council regarding rural problems praying and better preaching; if and share his experience so that it does not find some such expresmissionaries and Christian leaders sion, the impulse will wither and may more effectively develop a die. God cannot bless a lazy, shift- Christian way of life in body, mind less Christian. If he does not try and soul among rural communities. to do something better with his re- ligion he will lose it. You know Dr. Butterfield, formerly presi- the number who slide back till they dent of the Massachusetts Agricul- are not much better than baptized tural College, until recently presi- heathen.

dent of the Michigan State College Dr. Butterfield has made his re- of AgricultUre, was a member of port on India. His help has been the American Country Life Com- received enthusiastically by those mission appointed by President who lift their eyes to new visions Roosevelt. He has been president and seek to help bring rural peo- of the American Country Life As- ples a larger measure of that full- sociation and has recently returned ness of life which should be theirs from a tour of South Africa in the as followers of Christ.

HASHIMOTO-SAN SIGNED THE

A Rural Experiment in Japan BY THE REV. E. M. CLARK, PH.D., Kobe, Japan Missionary oj the Pre8b!{t0l'ian Ohurch, U. S. A.

SIGN HERE …….. ! No, you In recent years much has been are not being asked to buy a said and written with regard to the gold brick, nor to give away rural problem. And it is high time!

something which you desire to After nearly two thousand years keep. You are reading the climax we decide that it is time to give the of the story of a two-year persecu- agriculturists a chance to hear the tion of a young farmer who was Gospel! In Japan, after sixty-odd baptized nearly two years ago in a or seventy years of work by Prot- small village in rural Japan. The estant missions, the rural areas are document read thus: as yet practically untouched. Prob- I do not believe in Jesus Christ. I ably there is truth in the claim of hereby promise in the presence of all the mission and church leaders those here assembled that I will never that the policy of concentrating again cross the threshold of a Chris- their efforts in the larger centers tian meeting house. of population has been justified by SIGN HERE ……………….. . the results. The existence today of Hashimoto-san signed the paper, a large number of self-supporting the only other alternative being to churches in all of the cities and be cast out with his wife and chil- most of the large towns may, with dren into a cold world with no vis- a fair amount of accuracy, be acible means of livelihood. cepted as proof of the wisdom of the policy hitherto followed. Rural Japan is primitive Japan. Those who have lived only in the However, recent local and inter- cities and larger towns, as also national conferences have sensed those who visit Japan for only a the situation aright in placing a brief period, have much to say new and powerful emphasis upon about the marvelous developments the need for a progressive policy in which have characterized the past rural evangelism. "Hereafter the few decades. Their observations missions must, more and more, un- are correct. Perhaps they have dertake what the younger churches even slightly underestimated ·the are still unable to do. They must progress which has been made. press out into the pioneer areas,"

But there is another Japan. I is the substance of much discussion am thinking of the Japan which in mission meetings and other constill believes the old story, initiated ferences. In Japan this recent by priests of the older religions emphasis has, as yet, advanced when Christianity first began to scarcely beyond the stage of aca- leak into the country, that Chris- demic discussion."

tian missionaries are in Japan for Two years ago the Japan Mis- the purpose of subjecting the em- sion of the Presbyterian Church in pire to foreign countries, by first the U. S. A. adopted a policy in inducing the people to embrace a conformity with this idea. At the foreign religion. same time it took a rather drastic 751

step in extracting itself by the nomic condition and the deep-dyed roots from the work which it had conservatism of the Japanese farmformerly been doing, in coopera- er, it is quite evident that it is usetion with the Church of Christ in less to expect any missionary or Japan, in the cities and larger Japanese evangelist to enter a towns. As far as evangelistic work rural community and establish a is concerned the mission is now church on the basis of "self-sup- "feeling its way" into a closer and port from the beginning," in the more spiritual relation to the traditional meaning of the phrase. younger church, and at the same In the first place, it requires about time into a policy of effort on be- three years to break through the half of the neglected classes. In crust of anti-Christian antipathy line with this policy new plans are and prejudice and to gain the conbeing laid for work for the indus- fidence of the farmers. trial classes and the underbrush is being cleared for pioneer work in In the second place, all of the the rural areas. farmers of a rather large region would have to become Christians, A study of the problems of rural or at least a good proportion of a evangelism in Japan is not within still larger area would have to be the scope of this article. The writ- Christians before anything like er has been requested to relate self-support could be attained. It briefly the facts relative to an ex- is difficult to conceive of a group of periment which he is sponsoring in people increasing their already the hope of casting a little light on staggering load of debt in order to the specific problem of how the support a church. An average debt Gospel can be brought to the farm- of five hundred and fifty yen for ers without the mission getting every farmer in the country has to into a predicament similar to that be reckoned with. In view of such from which it has recently been circumstances one may reasonably obliged to extricate itself in rela- hope that in a group of villages tion to the formerly "aided" there might be a sufficiently large churches. number of Christians after about ten years to support an evangelist When the mission adopted its by contributing rice, vegetables new policy of emphasis upon work and small amounts of money. for the hitherto neglected classes it adopted also a policy of "self- Weare making an experiment support from the beginning." in an attempt to meet the situation When we attempt to make this pol- and to make it possible to carryon icy applicable to the peasant class evangelistic and social work in a we find ourselves facing the diffi- rural area comprising one small cult proposition of inducing a pov- town and a large number of farmerty-stricken, heavily indebted and er-villages. The total population overtaxed group of people to give is approximately forty thousand, financial support to a propaganda living within an area of approxithe avowed purpose of which is to mately ninety square miles. This displace its time-honored religious work is to be self-supporting in the institutions by one which it has sense that, given a certain origbeen taught to fear and disrespect. inal equipment, it will perpetuate itself indefinitely without financial To anyone who has a first-hand aid from outside sources. There is acquaintance with the serious eco-

HASHIMOTO-SAN SIGNED TlIE

nothing new in the idea. Mission cial qualifications which an evanindustrial schools are working on gelist ought to possess, he believes the same principle. The only new that he can be a soul-winner by feature of the present experiment managing the chicken ranch and is its application to the rural prob- thus producing the income by lem in Japan. which the more directly evangel- istic work can be supported. Di- Our white leghorn chicken ranch rect evangelism is being carried on is in the center of an entirely un- by the missionary and an associate, evangelized region in rural Japan. with the additional aid of two theo- A small tract of land, a house suf- logical students and another young ficiently large to provide a home layman. The plan is that from next for a small group of workers, a April the poultry manager, an stock of about one thousand good evangelist and two lay assistants hens with houses sufficiently mod- will be residing there and the work ern in their arrangement and will get into full swing, as is imequipment to be a source of educa- possible now with only Sunday tion to the farmers of the commu- trips. It should be half supporting nity (a total financial outlay of by that time and fully supporting approximately three thousand dol- by autumn when all of the stock lars), is the· extent of the original and other equipment should be investment from which we believe complete. it will be possible to carryon indefinitely an evangelistic and social At present, with only Sundays work for farmers, on a basis of and occasional holidays and vacaself-support from the beginning. tion periods spent on the field, a small church is being developed in In the present experiment,· the the central town, ·and children's lack of funds to start the project meetings are held every week in off on a paying basis, compels us eleven of the surrounding villages. to add gradually to the equipment, The adult life of these villages also the hope being that it will be com- is being slightly touched by the plete by autumn. In the meantime distribution of Christian literature the mission is supplying funds to and by personal conversations, as support the project. This involves well as by occasional lectures. But part time of a missionary and a this is only laying the foundation Japanese associate, two student for a more intensive and effective helpers and two laymen assistants, work which can be done only when and the expense of the upkeep of a the evangelist and his associates Ford car by which itineration is are living on the field and identifydone. Under the supervision of the ing themselves with the life of the missionary the material equipment peasants. Then the time and eneris being acquired and developed gy of the missionary will be rewith the assistance of a young lay- leased for the developing of a new man who has not the educational project in another community. qualifications to enter our Theo- The missionary, in this case, haplogical Seminary but who is deter- pens to be a professor in a theologimined to do his bit in making cal seminary and so has not much Christ known to the people of his time for such projects except on country, especially to the farming Sundays. He feels that, by creating class to which he belongs. Believ- the opportunity for Japanese ing himself to be without the spe- 3

brethern and giving only such under terrific economic injustice guidance and assistance as is neces- and many are being forced into the sary, a great deal can be accom- ranks of social radicalism! Some plished. such methods as the one with which we are now experimenting What these Japanese Christian m u s t be put into operation workers receive is very small, be- throughout the length and breadth ing limited by the income of so of Japan. Its thirty million farmsmall a chicken ranch. But they ing people, living in twelve thouraise their own vegetables and it sand villages, must be given the is hoped that soon they will receive Gospel of Christ as the only and contributions of rice. In the rural all-sufficient alternative to social districts there are not so many de- radicalism and as the all-sufficient mands upon the purse as in the remedy for their spiritual troubles. larger towns or cities. In actual cash about one fourth of the There is one other feature of the amount usually paid to a city pas- plan. "How will this scheme link tor or evangelist will be sufficient. up with the native church?" The plan is to foster the growth of an It is hoped that in addition to the organized church in the central directly evangelistic work in the town and, as soon as it has reached surrounding villages, G 0 s pel a stage of sufficient church-conschools may be conducted at this sciousness and stability, to relate it center, during times when the to the Church of Christ in Japan. farmers are at leisure. During The surrounding village work such periods the Bible will be should then become a home mission studied, and other courses will be project, either of the local church given on subjects vitally concern- or of the larger body, the property ing the farmers. They will be being given to the holding company taught methods of making profita- of the Church of Christ in Japan, ble use of the one hundred and or sold to it on an easy instalment sixty days of the year during plan. In the latter case the fund which they now have leisure from thus returned to the mission might their agricultural duties. Day well be used to open another such nurseries may also be started in project in a new community. order to care for the children of mothers who are obliged to spend To those acquainted with simitheir days in the rice fields. lar methods in operation in other mission fields this will not seem to By such service of love the walls be a new experiment, but it is the of prejudice will be broken down first of its kind in Japan. and the farmers will be ready to listen to the spiritual message of Hashimoto-san, to whom we re- Christ. All tines of endeavor must ferred at the beginning, is a young at all times be subservient to the farmer, an adopted son, living with one aim of making Christ known his wife and three children under and making Him real to the peo- the paternal roof in a small village ple. We must win to Christ the within the bounds of the project great farming class which com- described. With two other young prises forty-eight per cent of the men of the same village he believed population of Japan proper (fifty- in Christ and received baptism. five per cent when colonies are in- These three Christians and six cluded). They are staggering other inquirers had been coming to

HASHIMOTO-SAN SIGNED THE PAPER

town each Sunday evening to at- and social conditions in Japan it tend the service. Then the old, would have also been impossible, primitive, conservative Japan as- humanly speaking, for Hashimotoserted itself in the person of the san, with no other training than foster-father of Hashimoto, and that of a farmer, to have found a by ceaseless persecution he ren- means of livelihood. He stated that dered the life of his adopted son if he had only himself to consider miserable until finally, upon threat he could easily die if he could not of being cast out with his family find a means of support. But he from the home, he signed the state- could not believe that God wanted ment denying his Christian faith. him to throw his wife and children out in the cold. This feeling and We might say, "Why did he not his strong sense of giri resulted in let the father cast him out? Would his signing the paper. not God provide for his own? What a testimony he could then As a result of this opposition have given!" It might have been none of the three Christians nor so, but in Japan we have what is the inquirers of that village are called giri. It is a sense of binding able to attend church services now. obligation on account of favors re- But we do not believe that this is ceived. This young man had been the end. Hashimoto-san feels much adopted and reared in that home. like a certain other apostle felt on In view of his giri it was next to a certain occasion. Some day, we impossible for him to follow a believe, he is going to "come course of action contrary to the through" and when that happens expressed command of the father. he will be a power to help build the Had he done so and been cast out church in that village. In the from the home his action would meantime we must work patiently have furnished one more argument on, breaking down that spirit of to be used as a weapon in the hands which Hashimoto-san's father is of the anti-Christian propagand- typical. This will make it easier ists. "See! this Jesus teaching for thousands of other young men leads children to disregard their and women, of whom Hashimotosacred obligations toward their san is typical, to follow the dictates parents." Under present economic of their hearts in matters of faith.

/.~ it time for you, 0 ye, to dwell in your cieled houses, anllthis house lie waste? HAG. 1: 4.

What a message for our modern world! See wha~ we have built! Look at the skyscrapers we have built, the railroads we have built, the automobiles we have built, the aeroplanes we have built, the bridges we have built! We have built everything material, but can you honestly say that we have tried to build religion into the world? And until we try to build religion the way we have built other things there is no use in talking about peace and about prosperity. As long as people spend a thougand dollars on the upkeep of their carg and are satisfied to give ten cents a week to missions, how can you expect that we are going to have peace and progperity in the world? You can take that first chapter of Haggai, translate it verbatim, and you have the case of our modern world.

-RAYMOND CALKINS.

MISSION BOARDS NON-CONDUCTORS? *

BY PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia T HE general principles that the other half of this enterprise, govern the administration of namely, the work of the Church at missionary work are fairly home. This must never be defined simple. Christians have a message as simply contributions in money.

that Jesus Christ came to save men. One who prays for the work faith- We take that message to other fully does much more than a man countries as well as to our own. who simply gives money.

We believe that Eternal Life is A hundred years ago or more, available for all in Arabia, India, some few Christians became inter- China and other lands; and that ested in carrying out Christ's com- this life is their one great need. mand and organized the American Second, this work of proclaiming Board. That was followed by the the divine message is the task of organization of many other boards the entire Church. All are not able until now we have them in practi- to go in' person, but the entire cally everyone of the different de- Church is to pray and to sacrifice nominations. These boards were for this enterprise and so the entire originally the secretaries or cor- Church is to be busy carrying this respondents of the churches which knowledge of Christ to the whole could not easily do the work direct- world. That is the main task of ly. The function of a board is sim- the Church. We were given no com- ply to put into a practical program mission by Christ except this one. the intention and energy of the The contribution which the Church.

Church makes as a whole includes Those boards have grown and prayer and sacrifice-the sacrifice have done their work exceedingly of money and of time and of effort. well. They have stirred up the Wherever we live and work we Church to greater and greater ef- may contribute a part of our lives fort, but their very success has cre- to this enterprise, but those who ated a serious problem. They have carry the message in person may come now to fill the whole mission- be looked upon as contributing ary horizon. I have been in the more, though that is not certain. mission field twenty years and as But essentially in this task there far as our home connections are are only two factors: there is God concerned we have seen almost above and His servants here below. nothing else. In many annual We divide the enterprise most con- meetings, where we sit together to veniently: here there is the work discuss our various problems, I of the missionaries abroad and the have never heard anybody say that work of the Church at home. the churches at home this year can In the work of the missionaries give us only ninety per cent of abroad, we have seen certain im- what they gave last year. As we perfections that profitably might sit in an annual meeting we don't be corrected. Now we will consider see any church, all we see is the Church Board. We are out there sio:~l;r~~11~~~~~~r~~ir.1.nccton on "Our Mis- to do the work of the Church of 756 Christ, and in fact we are simply term the Mission Board. The the Church's representatives. Church sees the board from this A board is a very opaque thing. side and the field sees it from that It should be made more transpar- side, but they do not see each other ent so that the missionary on the as they should.

field can see the Church at home. Wherever we find a circle that He can't now. His financial sup- has sent out one of its own number port comes through the board, and to the mission field and receive let- much more is involved than fi- ters, there you find the warmest nances. If we want to adopt a cer- hearted missionary interest. In my tain policy or make a change in our denomination one county in Iowa constitution, nobody writes home is outstanding in its missionary in- to the churches in America for per- terest and in its gifts and prayers.

mission. The question as to mis- This is because from that county sion policy is of interest to the perhaps a dozen missionaries have churches because this work is their gone out, and are now working in work. But as the missionary en- the different missions. They write terprise is organized we write our letters home so that there is an questions to the board and receive unusual contact between the field our directions from them. abroad and the church at home.

This capacity also shuts off from The result is a tremendous lift in the Church any adequate view of the church life at home, and also the field. I have been busy this past out on the field. It is the contact year going up and down America of love and prayer, but there is not trying to pick up a little of the fi- quite enough sense of responsibil- nancial slack in our own denomi- ity. The actual weight of the en- nation. The people that I have terprise does not rest on those visited have not been impressed people.

with the fact that the Arabian mis- Think of the men who have been sion is in great need of more mon- the outstanding missionary leaders ey, but they have been made to feel in the last twenty years! It has that the board is in debt, and is been the leadership of mission sec- asking for special contributions. retaries and not of missionaries The Church does not seem to know who actually work in the mission about the. great need in India or field.

China, but knows only about the There are reasons for that, many board and its debt. of them good reasons, but the re- Here is a development which is sult is that throughout the Church harmful, because the missionary on there is developing a disquieting the field needs most of all the in- distrust of our present mission ad- spiration that comes from an inti- ministration. I believe that this mate contact with the Church at would not be the case if the mis- home. The Church also needs noth- sionaries themselves were recog- ing perhaps quite so much as to nized as the leaders in the mission- feel the responsibility and the ap- ary enterprise. When missionaries peal of the task out on the field. come home and the Church can see The missionary and the Church do in them the embodiment of the en- not feel this contact as they should terprise, there is a degree of amel- because between them is this ioration of this particular symp- opaque organization which we tom. After the last six and a half

years in Arabia nothing has important to teach people how to alarmed me more than this grow- pray and sacrifice for that entering feeling that I have noticed that prise than it is to work through a the churches at home and the mis- lot of technical minutire such as sionary administration are in some were discussed in Atlantic City. way out of harmony. There is a feeling that money is wasted or The significant point is not the used unwisely in the missionary details on that program but the enterprise. way the churches feel about it. This is illustrated at the moment The accusation is not true for by the extraordinary enthusiasm mission finance is wonderfully well among board secretaries over the handled by Mission Boards, but the Jerusalem Conference while in the thing that alarms me is that this churches I have found no particufeeling is so widespread. At the lar enthusiasm for the results of Atlantic City Missionary Confer- that conference. At the moment I ence these topics were under dis- am not interested in making any cussion: estimate of the Jerusalem findings; the point is that the Church feels Missionary certification and relation one way and the leaders of the misof missionaries to British Government. sionary enterprise feel another way. In that growing separation ExtraterFitoriality and safety of between the Church and its mismissionaries in China. sionary leadership we find one great reason why the support of Religious freedom in Egypt. the enterprise is going down and Legislation in the Portuguese col- not up. onies. Regulation of Christian education But the thing we want to discovin China. er is how such an Unsatisfactory Memorandum of the Mandates Com- situation can be improved. It is mission. safe to say that the missionary en- Central examining office. terprise will be heartily supported Medical survey. with prayer and energy and sacri- Subcommittee study. fice whenever the Church as a whole Lending libraries. is in a state of spiritual exaltation Miscellaneous matter. and revival no matter what the handicaps may be. But if it is true That list of topics comes from a that in these days we are in a state business office. The churches at of spiritual declension, then the home expect to pray for missions missionary enterprise must expect and sacrifice for them. They look a less active support. If that is the on the enterprise as a spiritual case, then it becomes the more imwork, one which stands or falls portant for us to study carefully with its relation to God. When a ways of conserving and using all central conference, which is sup- our spiritual resources. posed to head up the missionary enterprise for counsel, sets up a That argument stretches in two program of that kind, it is not sur- directions. The missionary enterprising to find the churches unin- prise not only makes demands upon terested and unsympathetic. The the Church but it also makes very churches know that in a missionary great contributions to the Church. enterprise we are dealing with a spiritual adventure, with a divine message. It is a good deal more

ARE MISSION BOARDS NON-CONDUCTORS?

So it comes to this: that our policy volume of prayer and of interest in the mission administration at and of sympathy and of underhome should bring to the service of standing in Chicago and in Persia the missionary enterprise abroad very different from what they all of the spiritual resources of the would have otherwise. Fourth Church at home and should also church might also hope to gain a bl'ing to the Church at home all of very great thrill and impetus in its the impetus and uplift and inspira- own spiritual life. They need montion that can come from carrying ey for a new building in Persia. forward missionary work abroad. Who is responsible for that? The Therefore I want to propose some Fourth church is a strong church, definite policies which it seems to and if the officers are convinced me might alter this situation for that such a building is needed they the better, in the fields abroad and will help to provide such a building. in the Church at home. Equally the field will feel the bene- fit of that kind of supervision and A few weeks ago the pastor of sympathy and sacrifice, because if the Fourth Presbyterian church of there is a particularly difficult field Chicago, told me that they have of work there, or a particularly under discussion a very interesting difficult enterprise, they need not plan which, as yet, is only a dream money only for that enterprise, but which I hope will become an they need prayer, they need the actual reality. The plan is for that whole spiritual backing of the church to take on the responsibil- church in America. ity for the mission in Teheran, one of the very promising stations in This is something very different Persia. The unique feature of this from writing a few letters back plan is not simply the privilege of and forth when there is no feeling paying the bills of the station. of responsibility. Moreover the in- There is nothing new about that. timate contact which will result, They are thinking of taking that will have other good effects. That particular field to actually admin- work in Teheran must commend itister the work just as they might self now to the accountants of administer an Italian mission in Fourth church. It will be super- Chicago. That will involve the vised very carefully, and will be sending out of a strong committee pushed forward with more courto look the work over and get an age. The mission will feel special accurate line on its different de- responsibility to the members in partments. It will involve sending the Fourth church. a representative over there frequently to study the situation and When a committee from the bring back a report, and to consid- church visits the field, the missioner changes in the appropriations aries will say: "See what we ought made to different departments of to do! There is this whole province the work-to actually "run" that in Persia, with half a million peostation. ple untouched as yet; it will take ten evangelistic missionaries at Do you see the benefits which least, and two hospitals, and three may be expected from such an ar- schools to occupy that province for rangement? All of the spiritual Christ. That will require an added resources of Fourth church will be budget of seventy-five thousand behind Teheran and there will be a dollars a year." You couldn't send

that request to the board that is in care of areas which it was not easy debt already. But a commission of to adjust in this way.

half a dozen men from Fourth But if we can get fifty per cent church can go back, after they have of our missionary work directly seen the need, and have slept on impinging upon the conscience and the hard stone floors a couple of upon the heart of the churches in nights, so that they can really get this way, we will transform the enthusiastic over this proposal, missionary situation. Moreover they can tell Fourth church that it this will make it easier to care for is absolutely necessary. They will the fifty per cent which remains not call for seventy-five thousand to be administered more or less as dollars; these business men will at present. We have been making show the people how, by business an effort to approximate this result economy and care in organization, and still retain the old organiza- fifty thousand dollars will do the tion. We have the project plan work. whereby a definite work is given We have still to learn what our over to the church, but all the churches can do if we once actually church is asked to do is to pay the show them the thrill of the oppor- bill; the church is not supposed to tunity and can cause them to feel administer the enterprise. We the real responsibility out there in might even get something out of the field. The resources of our the project plan if a church which churches at home are as big as all asks for a project would enthusi- outdoors, but the trouble is that we astically develop it. Here is a hos- do not succeed in getting the actual pital that will cost twenty-five situation to impinge on their hearts hundred dollars a year. If anyone and their consciences a tenth of proposes to send out six thousand, one per cent. There is a way of the board objects because this proj- doing it so that our consecrated lay- ect is a two thousand five hundred men and women in some of these dollar project, and if contributions churches would respond to the exceed that then the extra money need. If we are going to delegate will be put into the general treas- this responsibility to boards, if we ury for other things. It sounds all are going to look at it through two right but it is wrong. The church or three intermediaries, we will must feel the weight of its respon- get nowhere. That is a great trou- sibility, and have the opportunity ble with us now. of enthusiastically meeting it. We It is obvious that at first only must bring the field into vital con- the stronger churches could under- tact with the church and the church take a thing of this sort. A church into contact with the field, without would also need to have some pros- any opaque partition between pect of continuing a strong church. which hinders either one from see- But there are many churches that ing the other, and from gaining could safely be entrusted with that spiritual impetus from the other.

type of enterprise and there are Working as I do in an old and many different types of stations. very conservative denomination, A number of small churches might I have been surprised to discover carry the responsibility of some how much of a growing appeal is area abroad, and a central body made by the Faith Missions. I vis- ~ould pick up the slack and ta~e ited recently a church in Holland,

1931J ARE MISSION BOARDS NON-CONDUCTORS?

Michigan. That church supports ary. If the missionaries act that two missionaries. One is a mem- way, then it will be impossible to ber of our own mission and one is keep up missionary interest. a "faith missionary, so-called," working in South America. The I was talking with a minister church provides her salary and the who was working faithfully to salary of the other missionary. I maintain the interest of his church asked the minister which money in a missionary whose salary they they found the easier to raise. He paid. They had written many letsaid it was much easier to raise the ters but received no reply. If the salary of the "faith missionary." church failed to pay that mission- There is a simple reason for it. The ary's salary and he went hungry, church members feel that they are then he would be writing some letdirectly responsible for her, for ters. After all, it is the church there is no board that can take care that works out there in Arabia and of her. If the money does not come India and China, and success dein, she will go hungry. pends upon putting the sacrifice and prayer and interest of the I am not defending the method church into it. God's power, I supof Faith Missions as above our pose, could work out there regardown. They are doing a very small less of the church at home, but He fraction of the missionary work of has commissioned His church to do the church. God has chosen the the work. We find the power of more conventional method for His God released in the foreign mislarger tasks so far as we can see. sionary enterprise on the field ex- actly in proportion as the church But it remains that they have at home prays for it and sacrifices something to teach us. The faith for it. For the good of the church missionary also feels the respon- at home and for the success of the sibility of her position and main- work on the field it is important tains her contact better with the that we bring these two partners church at home. That is the other together. It is a matter of the utside. Under the present arrange- most importance to devise practical ment the missionary writes let- means of doing so. They are not ters to the board in place of to the beyond our reach, and I think they church. His salary and his appro- can be begun tomorrow in many priations do not depend on his churches in your own denominalive contact with the church. tion. Working out from that as a beginning, we can revise our whole Missionaries are guilty of many missionary plan of administration sins of omission. I was talking in a way that will revive the church to a man in New York City. He at home and will promote the evangave to a missionary a printing gelization of the nations abroad. press and type and many supplies. We will enjoy the blessing of God Its receipt was not even acknowl- in doing it. edged. The donor never heard a word from that "grateful" mission-

Laymen's Foreign Missions honesty and good judgment

in their report. It will be worse than Inquiry useless to try mechanically to apply Before sailing for the Far East to secular business aims, principles, make their intensive study of foreign standards and methods to the spiritual missions in India, China, and Japan, work of the Church. No laymen's the thirteen Commissioners of the in- commission of inquiry could have ap- terdenominational Laymen's Foreign praised correctly the work of Jesus Missions Inquiry met at Lake Mo- Christ or the apostles in the first cen- honk, New York, (September 9th to tury.

16th) for a week's conference. The results of this Laymen's In- The task of the Commissioners will quiry will be disastrous if faults are be to appraise the facts regarding for- overlooked or glossed over for fear lest eign missions as revealed by the field adverse criticism have a bad effect on workers of the Institute of Social and givers at home. The h()me constitu- Religious Research, and to prepare a ency must feel assured that the in- report based on these preliminary vestigation will be honest at all costs studies and on the experience of the and that the full report of the Com- Commission in the Far East. The mission will be published. Mission purpose of the Inquiry is to evaluate boards will be expected to act on the the activities of missions in India, recommendations without fear or China and Japan, to note the effect of favor.

missions on the life of Orientals, and The subjects of inquiry by this to work out a practical present-day Commission may well include answers missionary program. to the following questions: The Commission is made up of care- 1. Have Christian missions, as confully selected business and profes- ducted today, as their main objective, sional men and three women-there the purpose for which they were origmight have been more women. They inally established-to make Christ and His salvation known to all people? are supposed to conduct an unprejudiced, honest, thorough and friendly 2. Which forms of mission work are investigation of the way missionary most effective in ~inning men to intelli- gent, open and whole-hearted allegiance work is being conducted, the use of to Christ? mission funds, the type of mission- (le3a. dWinghatmendefinintiote hasrmpiorintyualwitrhesGulotds 'through Christ) are evident in medical, aries most effective and the real re- educational, industrial, social and preachsuIts of Protestant missionary effort.

In view of the changes that have ing4. wForrokm? the standpoint of Christian evangelism, is too large a proportion of taken place in mission lands in the time, money and personnel devoted to inpa·st twenty-five years, and in view of some hasty criticisms made by trav- stitutional work? elers, it is time that such an inquiry was made on the field. The value of 5. Are interdenominational mISSIon ctioalnlegmesissainodnaurnyivaegresnictiieess?effective Christhe findings of the Commissioners will be in proportion to their understand- 6. Are government subsidies and union ing of the true objective and spirit of with government institutions a help or a Christian missions, the thoroughness hindrance to mission schools and hosof their study and the fearlessness, pit7a. lAs-rferosmhorat mteirsmsiomniasrsyiopnoairnyt otefavciheewr?s and doctors effective missionaries?

762

TOPICS O}' THE TIMES

8. What is the result of sending to the tute, Dr. John R. Mott, of New York, field men and women who have doubts Mr. Kenneth Maclennan and Mr. F. H. as to the authority and truth of the Bi- Hawkins of London. ble and the unique supremacy of Christ or who have not the primary objective of Many of the Commissioners, their winning non-Christians to Christ? wives, and secretarial staff sailed from New York on September 29th, and ex- 9. Spiritually and evangelically what pect to spend the latter part of Ocis the effect of large proportions of non- tober, November, December, and Jan- Christian students and of non-Christian uary, in India. The party will then teachers in mission schools and colleges? proceed to China and Japan. The re- sults of the Inquiry are to be published 10. How can workers and money be and are expected to afford the laymen used more effectively to accomplish the of America a basis for deciding inpurpose for which Christ came to earth telligently upon their personal relaand for which He commissioned His dis- tionship and responsibility to the misciples? sionary enterprise.

11. How can the Church at home be Without doubt the Commissioners kept in closer and more sympathetic will study the subject honestly, sympatouch with the work and the workers on thetically and intelligently. They need the field?

12. How much autonomy should be given to missions and National Churches; what relation has autonomy to self-support?

The denominations participating in the earnest prayers and cooperation of this Inquiry include the Presbyterian all Christians at home and on the for- Church in the U. S. A., the Dutch Re- eign field in their difficult task. Above formed Church in America, the United all they need spiritual insight and the Presbyterian, the Methodist Episcopal, guidance of God to clarify their vision the Congregational, the Protestant and their judgments.

Episcopal, and the Northern Baptist.

The Commissioners are: China's Catastrophe Dr. William Ernest Hocking, Chairman, Alford Professor of Philosophy at Deluge, de,struction, death, pesti- Harvard University, and Mrs. Hocking. lence and plague are some of the terms Dr. Clarence A. Barbour, President of used to describe the recent destruc- Brown University. Edgar H. Betts of Troy, N. Y. tion in China by devastating floods. Dr. ArIo A. Brown, President of Drew If one would apprehend the disaster University, Madison, N. J. that has befallen that land and peo- Dr. Charles Phillips Emerson, Profes- ple, we must recall that central eastern sor of Medicine and Dean of the Medical School of the University of Indiana. China is a vast delta, the surface soil of which has been carried down dur- Dr. Henry S. Houghton, Dean of the Medical College of the University of ing the centurie,s by the two great Iowa. Dr. Rufus M. Jones, Professor of rivers, the Yellow from the north and Philosophy at Haverford College. the Yangtse from the west. Here and Dr. William Pierson Merrill, pastor there are low ranges of hills sloping of the Brick Church in New York. toward the sea, but in the main, all Albert L. Scott of New York City. is a vast plain extending in places a Mr. and Mrs. Harper Sibley of Rochester, N. Y. thousand miles westward from the Yellow Sea and hundreds of miles Dr. Henry C. Taylor, Burlington, Vt. . Miss Woodsmall, Y. W. C. A. Executive. from north to south. The surface be- Dr. Frederick C. Woodward, Dean of tween is so level that the Chinese the Faculties of the University of Chicago. engineers found it possible centuries ago to dig the Grand Canal across the With the Commissioners at Lake country from the one great river to Mohonk were the Directors of the In- the other, thus forming a strategic in- quiry representing the seven partici- land waterway for the transportation pating denominations, Directors of the of rice and other commodities. It is Institute of Social and Religious Re- this widespread region, the roost pop- search, the field workers of the Insti- ulous in China, that is largely sub-

merged today. A semiofficial dis- constant wars of recent year·s these patch from Nanking, states that have frequently been left unrepaired. "50,000,000 persons in sixteen prov- This year the great Yangtse rose inces are in distress or adversely af- above its former highest recorded fected" by the disaster. mark of 50 feet 5 inches and poured its sediment laden waters pitilessly Midsummer is naturally the rainy upon the populace, especially in the season in the region and the month of congested centres of the poor. Soon July was this year unprecedentedly consternation and calamity were hot. Thermometers for weeks regis- everywhere rampant. Some recalling tered well over the hundred mark and former year·s thought to stem the flood in some sections reached 107 degrees by taking refuge upon beds and tables. in the shade. The rains were torren- That proving inadequate, they retial; cloud-bursts were frequent and moved to the small lofts or out upon thunder, lightning and deluge ran on the roofs, only to find the inexorable intermittantly for days and nights. waters still following. Then slowly foundations settled, the mud walls The result was that the rivers rose gave way and the unfortunates after and overflowed their banks, backing enduring hours of blistering sun or up the waters in numerous tribu- the pelting of the storm, were hurled taries, spreading dire disaster. The helples·sly into the depths below. Yellow River is reported to have risen in places eighty-five feet, causing her The majority, however, more fortubanks to crumble as rarely before, nately warned, made their way to the while the Yangtse attained to levels embankments and there found safety. unknown since the 40's and 60's of last The best of these proved to be the century. elevated roadbed of the Hankow- Peiping railway line. Along this they The Yellow River, being largely un- filed in endless procession dragging navigable has few cities along its with them their children and the few course, so that the destruction there possessions salvaged from the destruchas been chiefly sustained by smaller tion of their homes, until it is estitowns, villages and widespread rural mated a quarter of a million unfortuareas. The Yangtse, on the contrary, nates were huddled along its sides is navigable for sea-going craft from and surface. Even then the margin the coast to Hankow, some six hun- of safety was small and at one time dred miles inland and f.or steamers of only a narrow six inches stood besmaller size far into the interior. tween them and destruction. Scores of great cities, such as Shanghai, Nan kin g, Hankow, Ichang, Hankow is a treaty port and has Chungking, and innumerable towns British, French, Russian, German and line its shores, so that it may be Japanese settlements. These suffered readily realized what inundation in less, being on somewhat higher ground such an area must mean. and more adequately protected by dykes and pumps. Yet even in the The situation at Hankow may well British quarter all was inundated and serve as illustration. We think of it ·communication was chiefly by small as one city, but it is really three, Han- sanpans, the people living upstairs in kow proper to the west, at the mouth their houses and making entrance and of the Han River, Hanyang its twin exit not infrequently by their upstair city on the east side, and the great windows and balconies. Under such capital, Wuchang, just across the conditions the plight in the native Yangtse to the south. The population quarters was appalling. There semiclustered there runs into the millions. stagnant water after a time covered all to the tops of the tile roofed homes Floods having occurred periodically while all about floated straw and reffor generations, native governors have use, wooden utensils and bits of furconstructed what they thought to be adequate defenses by erecting sea walls and cross dykes, but owing to the

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

niture, and in the midst of the flotsam been seeking stability through civil and jetsam, the now risen and decay- strife. Their ancient gods have ing carcasses of pigs and poultry, proved powerless and they have not dogs, cats and rats, and the bloated yet learned the way of Christ in time bodies of the unfortunate. Salvaging of trouble. Let American Christians squads went to and fro constantly in help China-generously and unselfish- boats seeking to remove some but who ly-proving that there is a better way could adequately cope with such swift and a better spirit than that of Bol- and swelling disaster! shevism and that God not atheism There is no one in many cases left shows the way to life and truth and to tell of the catastrophes that befell. brotherhood.

Others surviving tell the usual at- tempts to climb to the roofs as the Remember the Missionaries floods rose, or the mad clamor for lofts in local temples and the slowly Probably no Christians experience crumbling mud walls surrounding the 'voluntarily "the joy of doing without" village-then one by one or in groups as generally as do the missionaries on the frontiers. A visit to the homes of the end came. A traveller by one of the last trains many in the southern mountains, on that made its way from Peiping to the western plains, in the interior Nanking, tells of the express crawling towns of China, Korea, Japan, Burma, through the' last two hundred miles Siam, India, Mesopotamia and the Isof its course while on both sides so lands of the Sea revealed the courage far as the eye could see lay nothing and cheer with which miSSionaries forego innumerable comforts and consave a waste of waters. Here and veniences which we in America have there tops of houses, window arches come to look upon as necessities. In or trees emerged, or a floating straw many case-s these comforts that would roof on which hens perched as a last add to health and efficiency are not obrefuge. The track itself was lined tainable in the country of their adopmile after mile with forlorn groups, tion; more often the cost is prohibiclinging, crying pitifully, or sitting tive for a missionary's salary supplies stolidly amid a few quilts, pots and little more than the bare cost of living. children, awaiting what the fates may We saw many of them wearing old bring. Already some 500,000 have clothes, using old and worn out furdied as a result of the flood. nishings, enjoying few books and al- most no magazines, able to take few A staggering catastrophe indeed, rest periods and saving in every way and this to one of 'our neighbors! to give their children an education and There will assuredly be vast need for health advantages. foodstuffs, building material and all the welfare work which the modern world can command. Now is the time to remember our JAMES L. STEWART. home and foreign missionaries for What Shall We Do ~ Christmas. No one who has not been away from home and intimate friends Now is the time for America, with for several years can imagine the its surplus of wealth and abundant heart-warming joy with which these crops, to prove a friend to China. absentees at the front receive mes- The 400,000,000 of that great land sages and other remembrances from have always been poor. Recently, friends at home. These gifts seem to war, banditry, famine and plague have bridge the chasm and put a new glow brought additional sorrows. No won- into life.

der the impoverished people listened Most of those interested in Chris- to Russia and believed that Bolshevism tian missions have ·s·ome friends or might prove a way out of their diffi- correspondents on the field. Many culties. They were misled and have churches have their own representa-

tives and are nDt content with merely Mission Board if you are in doubt. a formal and cDrpDrate remembrance. Study the field and the needs and taste Now is the time tD prepare and send of the ones tD whom you send. Pack cards, letters and gifts tD these ab- carefully but do not seal and mark sent, self-sacrificing workers. They "Gift-not to be opened until Christare not CDmplaining of hardship; they mas." are nDt alone but they deeply appreciate the clasp of a friendly hand frDm Above all write a lDving word of across the land Dr sea. Here are a greeting and remember the missionfew suggestions for Christmas gifts: aries and their wDrk in prayer-un- derstanding, sympathetic prayer. This 1. MDney fDr their own needs Dr they value above all. for their work. Many take from their meager salaries to make up for cuts Bondage and Freedom in appropriations. TWD hundred millions of our human 2. BDoks and magazines-only the brothers and ·sisters are bound by the best and mDst whDlesDme-not modern fetters of caste. Millions of them are trash. BiDgraphy, classics, recreation- in the chains of poverty, ignorance, al reading, SDme serious and inspira- superstitiDn, degradation, social ostratiDnalliterature; good children's bDoks cism-this is the effect of modern and bDDks Dn child training. Hinduism.

3. Things that WDmen appreciate One hundred and fifty million are and find it hOard tD prDcure in out-Df- under the pall of a hDpeless pessimism the-way places-handkerchiefs, scarfs, that is permeated with atheism. They aprons, stockings, stationery, etc. seek peace through negation; they seek release through extinction. This 4. Things for the horne-table and is the fruit of Buddhism. bed linen, soap, rugs, pins and sewing kits, throw-downs, bureau scarfs, pic- Two hundred million are in bondage tures, etc. to fatalism. They conceive God as an oriental pDtentate and their religion is 5. Gifts for children-toys, dDlls, a mixture of idealism and materialism, garnes, books, pictures, and apprDpri- Df law and lust, of faith and blind fate. ate clothing, caps, ribbons, etc. This is the product Df Islam.

6. Gifts for men-fDuntain pens, Three hundred million are chained magazine-pencils, ties, handkerchiefs, tD the dead past and to a superstitious kit of tDols. fear of the spirits of the dead. They have law without a gDspel, ethics with- 7. Mi·scellaneDus – cDlored picture out life and love-such is the fruit of rolls, pictures, attractive Christmas Confucianism. and Easter cards that can be used, scrapboDks fDr hospitals and for nur- One hundred and fifty million are series, kindergarten supplies, music, kept in bondage by fear of evil spirits. victrola and records, typewriter, ther- They are ignDrant and unenlightened, mos bottles and jugs (unbreakable), enslaved to fetiches, witch-dDctDrs and bags and traveling conveniences, new superstition. This is the prDduct of cloth, seeds. Animism.

Remember to send these gifts and All men, Df every race and tribe messages in ample time tD reach re- and natiDn are under bDndage to sincipients before Christmas-send at unless they have been set free. least six weeks or tWD months or more in advance for fDreign lands and tWD Christ Jesus came to set everyone weeks for American pDints by mail- free from sin, fear, superstitution and longer by freight or express. hatred. He has brought light to en- lighten the world; He has made it Address clearly and accurately and pDssible to break the bonds of sin, has declare the value. Fully prepay and, opened spiritual prisons and stricken if gifts are dutiable, send money to the off fetters of evil. He has given purity missionaries tD pay the duty. Ask the

for lust; faith for fear, and love for Commander Evangeline Booth, of malice. the Salvation Army, recalls the time when they spent Saturday nights pick- "If the Son shall make you free, ye ing up hundreds of drunks on the Bowshall be free indeed." Have we been ery in New York. Now there are set free? If so, it is that we may help comparatively few. The temptation is to free others by making Christ and taken away from thousands of weak His salvation known to them. men and women, who do not wish to be besotted. Has Prohibition Failed? "Wash One Another's Feet" Harold H. Kelley, of the Seaman's Church Institute in Los Angeles, who "Did Jesus mean these words literhas spent most of his life in work on ally?" asks the Rev. H. J. Sheets, in the waterfront, says: The Indian Witness. The ceremony is practiced, in a formal way, annu- "My experience, assures me that dry ally, in Jerusalem by officials of the law observance and enforcement is im- Greek Orthodox Church, by the Arproving. I carried papers on the wa- menian Church with silver pitchers terfront in San Francisco in the 'gay and basins, by the old Syrian Church nineties' and knew the saloons and and by the Roman Catholic Church in· rampant drunkenness thoroughly. San Italy. These rites are a commemo- Pedro, port of Los Angeles, was tor- ration but are not in obedience to the merly notorious among seafaring men Spirit gf Christ's command. Mr. as the toughest small port on the coast. Sheets gives a very suggestive in- Drunks were everywhere, saloons were terpretation proposed by an Indian many and wide open, and it was re- Christian preacher. Mr. Sheets says: puted unsafe for a lady to venture near the docks alone. We are safe and At the close of a Sunday morning sane here now. service a Brahman said to me, "What you preach is very good. I too have "Our institute receives about 500 learned to respect and even love your visits per day from merchant seamen. Yisu Masih (Jesus Christ.) But why. Frequently several days will pass with don't you do what He did? Startled I no man entering intoxicated, and five lifted up my eyes to the picture to which drunks a day would surprise us. Even he was pointing. It depicted Jesus washthat would be only one per cent. Sel- ing the feet of His disciples. dom does one see a drunken person. This despite the fact that about 30,000 Before I could reply, the Indian pastor merchant seamen enter this port each turned to the Brahman with the words, month, and that about half of each "Baboo Ji, that's exactly what we are year the United States battIe tIeet with doing. You say you Brahmans, the about 15,000 men is based here. A priestly class, sprang from the head of uniformed service man intoxicated is the Creator, that the Kshattri, the wara rarity nowadays, whereas navy tra- rior class, sprang from his arms, that dition has it that in the old saloon days the Vaishya, the merchant class, sprang it was normal for twenty per cent of from his waist, and that the Sudra, the those returning aboard from shore low-caste, untouchable, sprang from his leave to be drunk. feet? We are working among this last class and by our teaching, our healing, "The decade since the 18th amend- we are cleansing the low caste, body, ment was adopted shows immense im- mind and soul, and thus are washing the provement. A new generation is grow- feet of India." ing up which never saw a saloon. Very few of 'our younger seamen are drink- The preacher continued, "And Baboo ing. Eighty-five per cent of the wa- Ji, the day is coming when you will terfront drinking here is accomplished look upon India's 'feet' and find them so by about thirty "repeaters" known to clean, that you too will turn to Jesus and the police. They are virtually bums." like Peter, cry out, 'Lord, not my feet only, but also my hands and my head.'''

The example of Jesus lay not in the form of the act, but in the spirit which prompted it. It is the principle of self- sacrificing service which is involved.

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

THE STRANGER WITHIN THY GATES By HALLADAY WOODS, PH.D., Ridgewood, N. J.

MISSION STUDY COURSE ON THE RURAL FIELDS OF THE NATIONAL MISSION BOARDS THE SOUTHERN HIGHLANDERS people using a single sheet tears or soils it. Cards stand up bet- OBJECT: To awaken interest in and ter and are more easily handled. give information about the The material referred to on the Southern Highlanders in Amer- cards is displayed on the tables, ica and so to lead to an apprecia- one for fiction, one for magazine tion and support of the work articles, etc. Material should be done by the National Mission clearly marked whether it is to be Boards in that field. used in the room or to be taken out on library cards. LENGTH OF THE COURSE: Three meet- ings. Card Number One~General Books: TYPE OF THE COURSE: Three divisions: 1. Preliminary Period C: "The Southern Highlander and His Homeland," by John C. Cambell To arouse interest and give a (Russell Sage Foundation, 1921).* background for the study pe- riods. K: "Our Southern Highlanders," by Horace Kephar (Outing Pub. Co., Starts one month previous to the 1923) . following periods. HC: "Folk Songs of the South," by John 2. Study Period Harrington Cox (Harvard Univer- sity Press, 1925). Forum discussions on the prob- lems in the field. J: "Highways and Byways," by Clifton Johnson (Macmillan, 1904). Three discussion periods of fifty minutes each. Card Number Two: 3. Lecture Period The Home of the Southern High- landers- Lectures or slides or moving pic- tures on the way in which this Map C: Pg. 12. problem is being met by the Church Boards. Location- C: 10; 19. DETAILED ANALYSIS OF THE THREE K: 50; 53; 354. PERIODS. Regional description- 1. Preliminary Period C: 335; 348.

LIBRARY MATERIAL: Climate- K: 71-72; 217-219. C: 243.

TraveI- K: 14; 24-27; 196; 299.

Arrangements are made in the local The Southern Highlanders- library for a table or roam to be Origin- reserved for the members of the K: 16-18; 145-152; 211; 379-380. class. Here the following infor- C: 23; 56; 71.

mation is mounted on cards. We • 'rho initials in front of the title will be the suggest cards, for the number of ~:ltelret~~~d~: which that book is referred to on 768

METHODS FOR WORKERS

Poor Whites- "Kentucky Experiment in Reading"; K: 356-359. Library Journal, 50: 954, November J: 96-120. 15, 1925. Mountain Highlanders- "Heredity"; Atlantic, 144: 349, Septem- K: 360-377. J: 121-146. ber, 1929. "Buncombe County's Excellent Work for Types and classes- C: 86-89. Adult Illiterates"; School Life, 12: 176, May, 1927. Population- "My Little Learning": Atlantic, 135: C: 79-81. 749, June, 1925.

Language– Religion- C: 144-147. K: 276. K: 266-273. American Speech As Practised in C: 176; 189. Highlands; Century Magazine, 117: 617-623, March, 1929. Churches– Elizabethan America; A t I ant i c C: 188-194; 152-172. Monthly, 144: 238-244, August, 1929. Backwoods Morality- Outlook, 151: 65, January 9, 1929. Prohibition- Outlook, 146: 1384, July 20, 1927, and Card Number Three: 150: 1350, December 19, 1928. Colliers, 77: 10, May 22, 1926, and Short Stories on the People (from A rnerican Mercury, 12: 431-434, De- magazines) – cember, 1927. "River Road"; Atlantic, 143: 452-461, Present Conditions- April, 1929. K: 188-190; 380-395. "Shady Cove'" Atlantic 145: 205-221, C: 244; 300-322. February, '1930. "Change Comes to the Appalachians"; '

Current History, 31: 961-967, Feb- "Shame"; Bookman, 70: 374-384, Decem- ruary, 1930. "Southern Mountaineers, Past, Present, ber, 1929. and Future"; MISSIONARY REVIEW, "Valley Folks"; Atlantic, 143: 646-653, 51: 198, March, 1928. May, 1929. Education- "Down Yan"; Mentor, 16: 33, August, C: 260; 264-298. "Clinic the Neighbors Built"; Survey, 1928. "Snake Night Up Posey Holler"; At- 64: 73, April 15, 1930. lantic, 142: 309-316, September, 1928. "How a Possum Starts a School"; Lit- Short Stories and Novels- erary Digest, 102: 22-23, September John Fox 28, 1929. "Overcoming the Will of God in the Ken- "Little Shepherd of Kingdom Come." tucky Mountains"; Hygeia, 8: 539- 541, June, 1930. "The Kentuckians." "Affairs on Turkey Knob"; Hygeia, 8: "The Heart of the Hills." 119-122, February, 1930. "Christmas Eve on Lonesome" (The .Last "Public Works"; Survey, 62: 476, Aug- ust 1, 1929. Stetsom and the Pardon of Becky "V{)cational Education in the Southern Day). Mountains"; Education, 50: 429, March, 1930. Charles Egbery Craddock (Miss "What a Possum Brought to Dark Hol- Murfee) low"; Litm'ary Digest, 104: 26, March 15, 1930. ' "In the Tennessee Mountains." "Health Project on Yan Side of the "The Prophet of the Great Smoky Moun- Mountain"; Hygeia, 4: 7-10, Jan- uary, 1926. tain." "Nurse on Horse Back"; l'Vornan's Jour- "The Juggler!' nal, 13: 5-7, February, 1928, and Literary Digest, 96; 29, March 31, Ellen Glasgow 1928. "Story of Buckhorn Kentucky"; MIS- "Barren Ground." SIONARY REVIEW, 49: 538, July, 1926. "Moonlight Lady"; Pictorial Review, Alice MacGowan 25: 5-7, January, 1926. "Judith of the Cumberlands." 4 2. Study Period FORUM DISCUSSIONS: Small groups under leader. It is advisable to give the leader a list of 20 to 25 individuals to whom he can give assignments. The more people who have some part in the work the

greater the interest will be. But no WORK AMONG SOANDINAVIAN assignment should be more than five minutes. A long paper given by one SETTLEMENTS person on any part of the field will kill the discussion. Three- or four- Card Number One: minute reports on the customs, the langtiage, etc., and then a digest of History and Description*: these reports by the leader to form the basis for discussion. NORWAY If possible, have several small "Norway," Hammer. gro;ups rather than one large one. "History of the Norwegian People," This enables the members of the group to have a common interest. For ex- Gjerset. ample, a group of the men and of the "Things Seen in Norway," Hammer. women and of the young people would "Norway," Gathorne Hardy. have different lines of approach. We "The Story of Norway," Hjalmar Borjelist a group of discussion for two classes. One for the men and one for son. the women. "Norwegian Towns and Villages," R. M.

GROUP NUMBER ONE-WOMEN: McBride. "Norway Jungman," Beatrix (good for First Meeting- pictures of Norway). The Land and the People- "Norway and the Norwegians," Geo- The Location of the Southern High- lands. graphic Magazine, 45: 647-696, June, The Origin of the People: Georgia 1924. Crackers; Poor Whites; Southern Highlanders; Mill Folk. SWEDEN Second Meeting- "Book About Sweden," Asbrink. "History of Sweden," Hallendorf. The Character of the People: "Sweden," Heathcote. Language, customs, home life, position "Wayfarer in Sweden," Whyte. of women. "Swedish Scenery"; Mentor Magazine, Third Meeting<- 17: 23-32, April, 1929. "Swedish Nation"; Fortune, 130: 719- Ethical standards. Churches and church schools. 720, November, 1928. Educational work. "Soul of Sweden"; Living Age, 334: 119- Present conditions and needs. 127, January 5, 1928. GROUP NUMBER Two-MEN: "Bounty of Sweden"; Dial, 77: 181-199, First Meeting- September, 1924. "Land of Selma Lagerloff"; Living Age, The Changing South- Industrial condition as it affects the 319: 40-42, October 6, 1923. Southern Highlander. Cotton, agriculture, lumber. Card Number Two: Second Meeting- The Life and Character of the Peo- ple- Latent Possibilities in the Highlands. State and Federal Grants. NORWAY Educational Problems. "Aspects 9f Norwegian Life"; Travel, Third Meeting- 40: 5-9, February, 1923.

My Brother's Keeper- "Children of Loneliness"; Survey, 36: Our obligation to this group in Amer- 567-571, September 2, 1916. ica. My Brother's Keeper, "Am I? Moral- "Norway and the Norwegians"; Geo- ity says, Yes. Good manners say, graphic Magazine, 45: 647-696, June, No. What shaH we say?" 1924.

"Norwegian at Home"; Illustrated World, 38: 540-544, December, 1922.

"The Growth of the Soil and Hunger," by Hamsun (apotheosis of hus- bandry).

"Kristin Lavransdatter," Undset (me- direval life).

• If the local library does not have the books listed It Is possIble to secure their loan through the Congressional or State Library. The more books on the one subject that are available, the less possibility will there be of one book being in use and so that particular field closed for further reading. If you have aroused the interest of a p~rson enough to get him to the library to look for a book, it Is advisable to have enough copies on the subject so that he wlll read further.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

"The Son Avenger," Undset (rural life). "Norsemen'in America and at Home"; "Peace," Garborg (every-day life). Review of Reviews, 73: 175-178, Feb- "The People of Juvik and the Trough of ruary, 1926.

the Wave," Garborg (peasant life), "Heirs to the Vikings in America" (char- "The Last of the Vikings," Bojer (fisher- acter of the first immigrants); Cur- rent History Magazine, New York men a few decades ago). Times, 23: 616, 1925, (good). "The Immigrants," Bojer (the character "And West Is West" (Norwegians in of the pioneer immigrants). United States); Saturday Evening Post, 196: 12-13, March 15, 1924. SWEDEN "And East Is East Sweden in U. S."; "Wayfarer in Sweden," Whyte. Saturday Evening Post, 196: 6-7, "National Life in Swedish Literature"; February 23, 1924.

Nation, 106: 342-343, March 28, 1918. "Swedes in U. S."; Literary Digest, "Swedish Life and Character"; Mentor, 60: 34, January 25, 1919.

.17: 23-32, April, 1929. "Swedish Protest from Seattle"; Nation, "Sweden's Royal Family"; Mentor, 17: 108: 719, May 3, 1919.

33-35, April, 1929. "America Through Swedish Glasses" ; "Soul of Sweden"; Living Age, 334: Ind., 118: 484; May 7, 1927.

119-127, January 5, 1928. "Norwegians in U. S."; Literary Digest, "Swedish Nation"; Fortune, 130: 719- 60: 39, February 8, 1919.

720, November, 1928. "Norway's Contribution in Education"; "At Court of King Gustaf" (the social Edueation, 45: 513-522, May, 1925.

life and customs); Pictorial Review, "Background of Swedish Immigration"; 32: 17, April, 1931. A merican History Review, 31: 708- "Sweden, Land of Democracy"; Living 723, July, 1926. Age, 323: 670-673, June 27, 1925. "The Wonderful Adventure of Nils," "The Swedes Among Us"; American Lagerlof (for the life of Sweden). Mercury, 8: 9-13, May, 1926. "Jerusalem," Lagerlof (for peasant of Dalecarlia) . "New York Versus Stockholm"; Living "God's Orchid," Bergman, Hjalmar (life Age, 329: 685, June 26, 1926. in a small town), "Peter Egge," Solstad Hansins (more The Scandinavian in America – recent peasant novel). Novels Card Number Three: "Pure Gold," "Peder Victorious," "Giants Scandinavian Literature– of the Earth," Rolvaag.

"Scandinavian Literature," Larsen (a "Red Rust," Canon, J. C. good outline). "So Big," Ferber.

"Best Books in English on Norway"; 1. Preliminary Period Library Journal, 55: 176, February 15, 1930 (very good). POSTER MATERIAL: Four Norwegian novelists-Bojer, Gar- Posters to arouse interest in bory, Hamsun, Knick. Scandinavians- "Norway's Best Stories," Larsen, Ham- rna Astrip (editor). The following firms will supply posters free or for a nominal charge: "Swedish Best Stories," Larsen, Hamma Astrip (editor). NORWAY: "Swedish Drama," Strindberg. Norwegian American Line, 22 White- "Swedish Poetry," Sotrk, C. W. hall St., New York City. Jacob "Drama in Norway"; Living Age Maga- Steffens.

zine, 334: 86, July, 1928. SWEDEN: "National Life in Swedish Literature"; Swedish State Railways, 551 Fifth Nat ion Magazine, 106: 342-343, Avenue, New York City. March 28, 1918. "Swedish Novelists," Undset, Lagerlof. Swedish American Line, 21 State St., "Science, Art and Literature"; Mentor, New York City. 11 : 38-40, April, 1923. 2. Study Period Card Number Four: FORUM DISCUSSIONS Scandinavians in America – Maga- Group Number One-Women First Meeting; zines The Scandinavians at home– "The Marriage of Nations"; Review of The history of the countries. Reviews, 79: 78, May, 1929. The character of the people and their literature. "Vikings of the Middle West" (by Rol- vaag; very good); American Maga- zine, 108: 44-47, October, 1929.

Second Meeting: partment, General Council Presby- The Scandinavian~ at home con- terian Church in U. S. A., 156 Fifth tinued and the emigration to Avenue, New York City. Arne rica- Social and religious life of the Lecture No. ZZN, "To Keep America people in America. Christian," 65 slides, illustrating all Cause and date of immigration; phases of the work of National Mis- type of pioneer. sions.

Third Meeting: Lecture No. 27N, "Landmarks and Cor- The Scandinavian in America- ner.stones." How National Missions The settlement in Arne ric a; grew up. States settled. The social and religious life in Lecture No. 18N, "At Work with the America. Immigrant." The Old World back- Their contribution to American grounds from which the immigrant life. has come; of his new life in Amer- Their needs and problems. ica.

Group Number Two-Men Lecture No. 6N, "The Little Towns and the Open Country." Rural life as First Meeting: a whole; the problems it presents; The Melting Pot- the relation of the church to every- Emigration to U. S. The Quota. day life of the people. Northern and Southern Euro- peans. Material for general lectures: Second Meeting: Article, "Home Missions and the Modern The Farmers of the Middle West. World," by Carl Wallace Petty. The Farm Party, Past and Present. Given at the National Home Mis- sions Congress and published by Third Meeting: Council of Women for Home Mis- The Farmers of the Middle West sions and the Missionary Education (continued) . Movement, New York City. The Farm Party, Present and Fu- ture. The following chapters from "The Ad- ventures of Mr. Friend," by Harold 3. Third Period-General Lecture Hunting: A Square Deal for Apple Growers, The Church and World Suggested material: Farmers. Stereopticon lectures can be obtained The following chapters from "God and from the Central Distributing De- the Census," by Robert McLean: The Church and the Community, The Fight for Civic Righteousness, There Had to Be Schools, -The Church and Bread and Butter, Why Does the Enterprise Lag, This Means Me.

A SERIES OF WORSHIP SERVIOES* (In Outline) For Missionary Meetings on Rural Peoples and Problems (For Young People or Adults) Arranged by Mrs. Myron S. Collins, Editorial Sponsor of The Kappa Phi Candle Bewm, Morgantown, W. Va.

JESUS AND NATURE But one-but on~h Son most dear, Where he could feed and comfort many And perfect image of the Love Unseen, a guest. Walked every day in pastures green And all his life the quiet waters by With him the lily shared Reading their beauty with a tranquil eye. The real joy that breathes itself in To Him the desert was a place prepared bloom; For weary hearts to rest; And every bird that sang beside the nest The hillside was a temple blest, Told of the love that broods o'er every The grassy vale a banquet room living thing. • Poem upon which the series is based – to be read at first serVice and in part, fit least, He watched the shepherd bring at succeeding meetings. His flock at sundown to the welcome fold, The fisherman at daybreak fling His net across the waters gray and cold

METHODS FOR WORKERS

And all day long the patient reaper Unison prayer for use with this swing Series: His curving sickle through the harvest Our Heavenly Father, Father of gold. Christ, help us to walk with nature as did Christ. May our hearts be. as his. So through the world the foot path way open and ready to draw from her our refreshment from the irritations of life he trod. and our invigoration to meet future ones. Let our eyes like His. see her beauty and Breathing the air of heaven in every the great goodness and power in the changing seasons, in the early dawn, in breath; the glorious sunset, in the night under the silent stars, in the day with its rich And in the evening sacrifice of death gifts of color, fragrance, and song. Give us Christ's capacity for joy in life and Beneath the open sky he gave his soul to grant us the power to pass on to others God. his message of gladness. Amen. -Henry van Dyke. JESUS AND RURAL PEOPLES Subjects for a Series on "Jesus and Nature" : Verse from poem, picturing three types of rural folk; 1. The Sea– Walked-"All his life the quiet "He watched the shepherd bring waters by His flock at sundown to the welcome Reading their beauty with a tran- fold, quil eye." Ref.-Matt. 13: 1-3; Mark 4: 1. The fisherman at daybreak fling His net across the waters gray and 2. The Desert- cold "To him the desert was a place prepared And all day long the patient reaper For weary hearts to rest." swing Ref.-Matt. 4: 1-11; Mark 1: 35. His curving sickle through the har- 3. Hills and Mountains- vest gold."

"The hillside was a temple blest." 1. JESUS AND THE SHEPHERD Ref.-Luke 6: 12; Matt. 5: 1-2. (See fuller outline) 4. Valleys- "He watched the shepherd bring "The grassy vale a banquet room His flock at sundown to the welcome Where he could feed and comfort fold." Ref.-Luke 2: 8-20; Luke 15: 1-7; many a guest." Matt. 25: 31-46. Ref.-Mark 6: 35-46. Songs- 5. F~owers- "Saviour, Like a Shepherd Lead Us." "With him the lily shared -Psalm 23. The real joy that breathes itself in "The King of Love My Shepherd Is." bloom." –John 10: 16. Ref.-Matt. 6: 24-34. "The Lord Is My Shepherd."-Matt.9: 6. Birds- 36.

"And every bird that sang beside Solo–"The Ninety and Nine."-Matt. the nest 10: 1-7.

Told of the love that broods o'er Paintings- every living thing." "The Good Shepherd" and others. Ref.-Matt. 6: 24-34. Stories, etc.- Songs appropriate for this Series: "Katrina's Good Shepherd." "Fairest Lord Jesus." The Indian's 23d Psalm. "For the Beauty of the Earth"-especial- Short talks- ly first two verses. "This Is My Father's World." Shepherd Peoples of Today-Where "Song of Galilee." They Are Located-Their Needs. "Into the Woods My Master Went." "Trees"-Kilmer. How Missions Can Help to Meet These "All Things Bright and Beautiful." Needs. "God of the Earth, the Sky, and the Sea." "The Spacious Firmament on High." "When Morning Gilds the Skies."

2. JESUS AND THE FISHERMEN PROMPTNESS it reads: are you always on time, "He watched- The fisherman at daybreak fling Are you ready your duties to do? His net across the waters gray and cold." Or are you so tired-so ready to shirk? Ref.-Matt. 4: 17-22; Mark 1: 16-18; Is laziness your only sin? Matt. 13: 47-50. Then-stop-read the guidepost, "Be Songs- ready–on time"

"Peace, Be Still." And help us with promptness to win. "Let the Lower Lights Be Burning." "Dear Lord and Father of Mankind." Behold the third guidepost, GOOD CHEER it may read Puintings- Just reading the words makes one Zimmerman's "Christ and the Fisher- glad; man" and others. Do you do with good cheer what you're 3. JESUS AND THE FARMER asked to do here; Watched-UAll day long the patient Are you willing and happy to lead? reaper swing Or are you so sad and ready to groan His curving sickle through the harvest And critical of all who take part? gold." Then-stop-read the guidepost, "Be Ref.-Mark 2: 23; Matt. 13: 1-23. cheerful, be brave"· Songs- And strive on with gladness of heart.

"We Plow.the Fields and Scatter." We reach the next guidepost and FAITH- "Bringing in the Sheaves." FULNESS see "Far and Near the Fields Are Teem- And reading, our thoughts run on thus, ing." Are you following on to do the Lord's Ref.-Matt. 13: 24-30 and 36-43; Mark will 4: 26-29. Do you still "carryon" while you Puintings- trust?

"The Gleaner." Or are you so weak-afraid you may "The Angelus," etc. fail, Stories- With the spirit of hope very faint? Then stop-read the guidepost–consider Ruth-May be dramatized from the Scripture. the goal And remember the giver of strength. "The Angelus." The next guidepost SERVICE looms now AN IDEAL SOCIETY into sight By MRS. S. M. HAZLETT, Hustis, Fla. Ask yourself what you can give: Time, talents and money, yea, and your- An ideal society is one that will go Upward and onward each day; self Can be spared to help others live. With hearts full of love and eyes that can see Or are you so happy in pleasing yourself And just a few friends whom you All the guideposts along the way. reach?

We come to a guidepost of MOTIVE in Then stop-read the guidepost and get sight His command Ah! what is your motive, I pray? "Go unto all nations and teach." Did you join us for love of the cause we Look long on this guidepost-the guide- uphold: post of PRAYER For the Christ whom you strive io And Oh! what a help it can be; obey? For with it one enters that circle of love Or are you the one who puts self in the And all other perfections see. way, It helps us in motive to be what we Who wants just to be counted in? should Then, turn, read the guidepost, "Go– And leads us each day to improve; love-preach-pray" Then stop-read this guidepost and ask- And help with true motive to win. ing for strength We journey along, true motive is ours; Go upward and onward in love. But what means this next post to you? Note: ~Iake the guideposts out of white bristol board. Completely cover each with a different shade of cheesecloth; uncover as each 1s referred to. This is effective for l~e on "New Members' Day."

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY HELEN M. BRICKMAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Council of Women for Home Missions FWRENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America BOOKS FOR THE PHILIPPINES new plan of building libraries fQr the BY FLORENCE G. TYLER Philippines. If your whole church is interested, books may be shipped by It is difficult to keep up with the freight at twenty dollars a ton. Book flood of good books. Many intelligent showers are in order but send only the people buy books, read them, place best. them on their library shelves and never look at them again. There is a CHRISTIAN LITERATURE IN place where these books would be read INDIA over and over again-almost memo- The Need for Advance rized. Thirty years ago America began to BY WILLIAM PATON build up a public school system in the Of all the avenues along which the Philippine Islands. Over 5,000,000 message of Jesus Christ is reaching Filipinos have attended these school!!. the people of India none is more im- They are "education mad," but often portant than that of Christian litera- too poor to buy their textbooks. After ture. There are many who would say they learn to read, they have no pub- that in proportion to its importance it lic libraries and few worthwhile books is the most neglected part of our mis- in their homes. Think of spending sionary work. Our minds are accus- many years learning to read and then tomed to think of evangelistic work, of having nothing on which to try of educational work, of medical work your skill or to feed the mental appe- and even of certain kinds of social tite which has been created. work, but we have not yet learned to The Christian Literature Society of think of Christian literature as a de- the Philippines, representing almost partment of the whole enterprise every denomination, is establi!!hing worthy to be set alongside any of the libraries all over the island. Books others, and at the same time entering addressed to them at Manila, P. I., as a necessary element into them all.

will be carefuIly assorted and sent Christian missions have been at where they will be used most constant- work for a long time in India, and in Iy in circulating libraries, student comparison with some areas India may dormitories, private schools, hospitals, perhaps be regarded as better Sunday-school libraries, pas tor s' equipped with regard to Christian lit- homes, prisons, reformatories, leper erature; yet it may be said without colonies, etc. fear of challenge that even now the A little slip will be pasted in the total provision is miserably inade- front which says: "Dear Filipino quate. There are major vernaculars Friend: I found this book interesting spoken by millions of people which and helpful and would like a letter possess no "Life of Christ," no "Life from you telling me what you think of St. Paul," none but a few inade- of it." This little slip will bear your quate commentaries, a very few devo- name and address if you send it with tional works, and literaIly nothing your books. else. There are only three Bible dic- Pick out three or four books which tionaries in all the vernaculars of In- you have liked especiaIly and try this dia. In addition to the lack of such 775

devotional and expository literature as them. Suppose such a development is needed by the pastors, Bible work- were to take place and the total num- ers and catechists, there is an even ber of boys and girls, young men and greater lack of decent general litera- women in Christian schools and col- ture imbued with a Christian spirit leges be diminished, it must still be such as i;s suitable for reading by the recognized that in Christian literature mass of literate Christians. It cannot properly used and developed we have be too strongly emphasized that our an instrument which can be used in outlook on the question of Christian reaching far greater numbers of peo- literature must include the provisi<m ple than our direct educational work of such sane general Christian litera- can ever touch. It is hardly too much ture as the ordinary young person in to say that we have yet scarcely begun all countries ought to be able to use. to use this weapon as it might be used.

Literacy is increasing rapidly in The best educational and govern- India and this fact adds a new urgency ment minds of India are at one with to the need for Christian literature. the missionaries in this. Let us hear The Punjab, where the most rapid Mr. F. L. Brayne, the Punjab official progress has been made, expects to whose rural work has attracted wide- have the bulk of its boys of school- spread attention: "The removal of il- going age in school at an early date. literacy in England," he writes, "was Missions all over the country are striv- merely the opening of the door.s of a ing with the problem of the education treasure house of literature unequalled of mass movement Christians. Never in the history of the world …… But was more attention given to the de- what is there in the Punjab for our velopment of rural work both by youth to exercise their newly acquired Christian missions and by government art on? ….. The Educational De- agencies of all kinds. It is universally partment proposes to lead all the chil- agreed that an illiterate church must dren of the Punjab to a feast but the be weak both in power or resistance table is almost bare …… I fancy that to the anti-Christian forces that beat if the literature came into being the upon it, and in power of self-propaga- desire to read would seem to be born."

tion. Nevertheless, the question fac- ing us all over India is, what are the WE HAVE SEEN HIS STAR AND boys and girls who are learning to ARE COME TO WORSHIP HIM read going to be given to read? When A Symposium they have learned to read, are they to Behold wise men from the east camp be left to the cheap material, often of saying, "Where is he that is born more than doubtful morality, supplied King of the Jews? for we saw his by the vernacular press? star in the east, and are come to wor- ship him …… and opening their The provision of Christian litera- treasure.s they offered unto him gifts, ture in India assumes a fresh urgency gold, frankincense and myrrh." in view of another fact. All over the educational policy of India is being Some two thousand years later in a discussed, and both in India and at the little bark hut in a Bulu village two home base there is a desire for greater women were making ready their gifts efficiency and higher quality in schools that they might worship their King. and colleges, and there is discussion of It was to be their first white Christthe need of more intensive work. It mas. The pastor had announced the is not to prejudge any future decisions previous Sunday that this year they if it is suggested here that conceivably would give gifts to the sick and the a wise missionary policy may find it poor in remembrance of the Christ necessary to restrict the number of Child's birth. schools and colleges under direct Christian control in order to create It "What a blessing that my hen laid deeper impression on those who attend an egg this morning," said little old

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

widow Abom. "Only yesterday I said, myrrh. Rich gifts those! But these 'And does a widow who walks only in humble offerings of the tribe of Bulu weeds have anything to givel' " As and their simple worship of song and she spoke she raised a hen from a bas- prayer, will a King accept these? ket in the corner and taking out a Hearken to the answer of the King fresh white egg wrapped it in a strip Himself, "Inasmuch as ye did it unto one of these my brethren, even these of dried plantain leaf. least, ye did it unto me." Mezene, her daughter-in-law, stirred THE WORLD COURT AND THE the fire under the black kettle till the dark corners of the thatched house WORLD were bathed in a ruddy glow and in her dark face was revealed the joy of BY ESTHER EVERETT LAPE glVmg. Presently she removed the cover and took out a large peanut roll. Member in Oharge, The A",…iean Foundation She had spent many tedious moments shelling, roasting, and grinding the Women whose interests range over nuts and now it was ready, a gift with the missionary projects of Asia, which to worship her King. Africa, Latin America and the Islands of the Sea know well the necessity SOQn they joined the other viUagers for reasonable, peaceful, and constant out in the street. Aben, carefully ad- means of resolving the difficulties justing her baby in its leather straps which arise from time to time beon her hip, said, "I am going to give tween nations, the most civilized as my edima jom (most cherished pos- well as the most backward. Indeed, session), my best necklace and brace- the more complicated the economic lets, for God has answered my prayers order of a country becomes, the more and given me my baby." likely it is to become involved in all kinds of disputes with other countries And so they talked over their gifts over raw materials, over trade routes, along the way. "My husband is taking over treaty rights, etc. This article a salt fish," said one. "And mine, a is, therefore, given not to arguing for sack of salt," said another. And oh, the World Court, or for the adherence marvel of generosity, "Mine, a goat," of the United States to it, for it may said a third. Others joined them, reasonably be assumed that readers hands laden with baskets of food, rolls whose minds have been nourished by of· cassava, hands of plantain and ba- careful study of the problems besetnanas, bundles of peanuts or gourd ting the missionary movement allover seed. Men, women, and children, some the world need no persuasion to supin gay and festive attire, others only port the· outstanding existing means in "weeds," but each with a gift in his of peaceful settlement through law. hands. The question of completing the ad- The chatter ceased as they entered herence of the United States to the the bark church, festive with its palm Court is expected to come before the branch arches and red hibiscus flow- Senate early next winter. The quesers. As they passed, each laid his gift tion is not whether we shall adhere, on the table. "The poor will see much but whether the terms under which happiness this day," they whisper as it is now proposed that we complete they see the gifts piled high beyond our adherence fully satisfy the contheir greatest expectation. ditions attached by the Senate when it voted for our adherence in January, "Joy to the world! the Lord is 1926. The President and the Secrecome," everyone sang, till the whole tary of State and many other thoughthmtop echoed with the glad refrain. ful leaders believe that they do, and Followed a hush during the prayer and in December, 1929, the President. authe reading of the beautiful story of thorized the signature of the three the Christ Child's birth, and of the protocols by the United States. They wise men who worshiped Him with now await ratification, to which the their gifts, gold, frankincense and

Senate must "advise and consent." rather than upon justice. But the These protocols or treaties are: World Court is in fact as well as in 1. The protocol of signature at- official title the Permanent Court of tached to the Statute of the Court. International Justice. In a number 'Of 2. The protocol covering proposed instances judges on the Court have amendments to the Statute of the voted against the position taken by Court. their own countries – the British 3. The accession protocol, which ac- judge against the British contention, cepts the reservations attached by the etc. Decisions are reached upon a Senate to its 1926 resolution of ad- basis of law and equity and upon no herence. other grounds.

Surely the United States should join The United States will be a part of the fifty-four nations already in the this Court when the three protocols Court and throw her influence clearly awaiting the consent of the Senate to behind this successfully functioning ratification are ratified. The debates agency for the application of the prin- will presumably begin in December.

ciples of international law to disputes At that time the senators should have arising between nations. clear evidence of the interest felt by In the nine years of its existence their constituents in early rat.ification.

the Court has given sixteen judicial Detailed Information concerning the whole decisions and eighteen advisory opin- Court question Is available without charge ions. The largest number of cases from The American Foundation, 1)61) Fifth arising out of anyone situation-six Avenue, New York, N. Y.

decisions and two advisory opinions- THE AMERICAN INDIAN MOVES were between Germany anll Poland on AHEAD various questions of the property and personal rights of Germans and of BY HELEN M. BRICKMAN persons formerly German in the territory that passed from Germany to "The Indian problem in the United Poland after the War. Many of the States," say,s Dr. Ray Lyman Wilbur, other cases the Court has dealt with Secretary 'Of the Interior, "is one that have arisen out of the readjustments has been constantly with us from our after the War-boundaries, mandates, beginning as a nation but which is now approaching dissolution."

the respective rights of new neigh- Of the 350,000 people of Indian bors, etc. Other cases have dealt with blood in this country, about 200,000 the responsibility for an accident 'On are still wards of the Government.

the high seas between ships of differ- Many, while nominally wards, are ent natiDnalities, with a conflict on quite able to care for themselves and nationality laws, etc. Every decision to assume full citizenship. It is the the Court has handed down, whether policy of the present administration a formal judgment or an advisory to sever its ties with these Indians opinion, has been accepted by the na- as quickly as this can be accomplished tions concerned in the dispute. without interfering with their prop- The habitual use of judicial means erty rights.

of settlement is the shortest and the Very few people realize that there surest road to disarmament and tD are still 200 Indian reservations in 26 peace. It is also-and this point is of state,s and that 58 languages are still particular interest to those WhD are spoken. Oklahoma has 120,000 In- concerned for the weaker natiDns of dians; Arizona about 49,000; South the world-the shDrtest and surest Dakota 23,000; New Mexico 22,000; rDad to internatiDnal justice. Noone CalifDrnia 19,000; Minnesota 15,000; pretends that there is justice in the Montana and Washington each 13,000 decisions reached by war; and even and Oregon 4,518.

arbitrations are likely to be founded More and more the Indian people upon expediency and compromise are coming in contact with the other

people of this country and are adopt- cities. One of the great tasks con- ing their customs and their language. fronting all agencies at work with the It seems inevitable that the Red Man Indians is that of making them eco- will, within the next decade, lose many nomically self-supporting. If the In- of his racial characteristics and be- dian is to support himself and his come an integral part of the prevail- family he must not only have the ing civilization of this country. proper education and training but also the proper employment. To thi8 end Through the 126 day schools, 58 special employment centers have been reservation boarding schooIs and 19 established by the Government at six large boarding schools located away strategic points throughout the coun- from the reservation, some 65,000 try. young Indians are already receiving much the same type of education that The Indian Bureau, itself, has been the average white child is getting. lately reorganized, a cabinet form of Within the last year these schools government having been established have reached a new standard of ef- with each line of work headed bya ficiency and effectiveness. Competent technical expert. This new Indian and well-trained personnel is being "cabinet" places an emphasis upon recruited. The old uniform curricu- "human relations." Dr. W. Carsun lum has been abandoned and each Ryan, Jr., formerly Professor of Edu- ,school is now following the courses cation of Swarthmore College, has beof study prellcribed by its state. In come the Director of Indian Educathe boarding schools 37.8 cents per tion. Dr. M. C. Guthrie, detailed to day per child as compared with eleven the Indian Service in 1926 by the cents is now being spent for food. United States Public Health Service, There is an annual clothing allowance is Director of Health. A. C. Cooley, of $40 per child as against $22. Labor- formerly in charge of demonstration saving devices have been installed, on federal reclamation projects is Dithus relieving the children from per- rector of Agricultural Extension and forming the bulk of the manual work. Industry. Coordinating these three The children in the boarding schools divisions is an experienced social exnow perform only such tasks as might ecutive, Robert T. Lansdale, formerly be expected of any children in a well- Executive Secretary of the Council of regulated home. The old military Social Agencies ·of Montclair, New method 'Of discipline is being discard- Jersey, and member 'Of the staff of ed and competent boys' and girls' ad- the New York Scho'Ol of Social Revisers appointed to the schools. Not search. Mr. Lansdale is an assistant only do these Indian children receive to the Commissioner of Indian Afgood academic training but special fairs. He is known as Assistant to the emphasis is laid upon training for Commissioner on Human Relations. trades and vocation8. For those who This outline of reorganization, worked should have more advanced training out under the direction of Mr. Charles and education, scholarships are being J. Rhoads, Commissioner of Indian sought. Affair>'l, and Mr. J. Henry Scatter- good, Assistant Commissioner, in con- On the reservations the thinking of sultation with Dr. Wilbur, brings the Indians still follows pretty much great satisfaction to those who have that of former years when the Red been anxious that the affairs of the Man lived a life no longer possible for American Indian be administered him today. These Indians find little more expertly. to occupy their time and there is very little opportunity to earn a livelihood. N ever before have the churches had It is for this reason that the young more opportunity than at present to educated Indian8 are not urged to re- advance their work among the Inmain on the reservations but are being dians. The present administration is helped to find work in towns and most anxious that the spiritual wel-

fare of the Indian be not neglected. to my father, I long to kneel in a quiet Recently, through the influence of the spot and pray to ber. Indian Service Committee of the Home Missions Councils and the The greatest kindness that has been Board of Indian Commissioners, let- ever bestowed upon me was the work ters were sent by the Indian <X>m- of a young Hebrew in my college life. missioner to all superintendents on He has done more to soften my heart the field, suggesting that they call than any power other than my own conferences to be attended by mission- mother. aries and government employees in order to "develop lines of cooperative At times the appeal of Shintoiem effort which will promote active par- reaches me like a faint, far-off cry, ticipation in a common program." The then the God of the Hebrews is heard mission boards, in turn, have sent let- in the life of the young man who beters to their missionaries, urging friended me, and then the God of the them to cooperate with the local gov- Cross comes home, in the spirit life ernment officials and to promote the of my mother. government program in every way possible. THE OPTIMIST'S CREED A TRAGEDY OF RACE PromisB Y our8Blf- By N. USAMI To be so strong that nothing can dis- turb your peace of mind. To talk health, I look out on life, as it were, with happiness and prosperity to every pera double lens. My father was born in son you meet. Kyoto, Japan, of pure blood, the loyal subject of the Mikado. Trained in the To make all your friends feel that Univereity of Tokyo, he came early to there is something in them. America and settled in California. My mother was daughter of a clergyman, To look at the sunny side of everywas wooed by my father, and finally thing and make your optimism come they became man and wife. I was true. born in a beautiful valley of California. To think only of the best, to work only for the best and expect only the best. Her father and mother had disowned her, and that is why she never To be just as enthusiastic about the mentioned their names in my presence. success of others as you are about your A feeling of great hatred to them en- own. tered my heart, and it is still there, fiercer than ever. Mother's God is a To forget the mistakes of the past and God of forgiveness, and I hope he will press on to the greater achievements of forgive the nursing of that feeling the future. which I don't want to part with. Father's God is harder to understand, To wear a cheerful countenance at all but if he can't forgive he is no God. times and give every living creature you meet a smile. When mother took ill unto death, I hurried from the University of Cali- To give so much time to the improvefornia to her side, and was never out ment of yourself that you have no time of her presence. To me she turned to criticise others. for her every want. Her religion was as sacred as a dram of radium, and To be too large for worry, too noble as silent and powerful in its working. for anger, too strong for fear, and too When I recall the great spirit of my happy to permit the presence of trouble. mother, her holy pas·sion, her god-like -Selected. devotion to her only child, her loyalty INDIAN CALENDAR January Moon of the falling flake. February Moon of the frozen lake. March Moon of the wind's loud voice. April Moon of the raindrops choice. May Moon of the springing grass. June Moon of the sassafras. July Moon of the melon yield. August Moon of the clover field. September Moon of the reddened leaf. October Moon of the golden sheaf. November Moon of the wild bird's flight. December Moon of the long good night.

-HAZEL HARPER HARRIS.

ASIA of the long, narrow valley of the

Is Mohammedanism Waning? Land with concrete canals, and the utilization for a storage reservoir of AWRITER in the Jewish Missionary the Sea of Galilee on whose waters Intelligence says that on visiting Istanbul (Constantinople), he saw but Christ walked two millenniums ago, one bId Moslem at prayer, and one the Holy Land is becoming modern and oth~r making his preparatory ablu- industrial. tions. In the famous Mosque, St. Sophia, there was not one worshiper And with the diversion of seasonal apparent; in the street not a fez, nor flood waters of the Yarmuk and the a veiled woman was to be seen. A woman guide wearing a badge to indicate Jordan Rivers into the Sea of Galilee that she was one of the recognized as a huge reservoir, and with the guide corps of the city, spoke English building of suitable dams and canals, well, smoked cigarette after cigarette, 5,000,000 tons of water will be at the chaffed, scolded, and held her own with disposal of engineers every day during her fellowmen guides. Orthodox Mohammedanism was practically dead in both the wet and dry seasons. These Istanbul. Patriotism has taken its three power stations will total 48,000 place to some extent. horse-power output, and are the first Hospice in Jerusalem step in a plan for the complete electri- fication of Palestine. r~R the benefit of Presbyterian vis- itor·s to Jerusalem, and to make it The first of these power stations is possible for them to receive the Sacra- now completed at Jisr-eI-Mujameh, ment of the Lord's Supper in their ac- drawing its water-power from a canal customed manner, a group of buildings carrying waters from the Yarmuk comprising a Church and a Hospice has been completed on a commanding River, a tributary to the Jordan. This site overlooking the road to Bethlehem. station delivers 18,000 horse-power in The Quarterly Register says that this electricity, with provisions for doubwas the result of a joint undertaking ling this amount. of the Church of Scotland and the United Free Church. The Hospice is All three power plants together will now open. It has accommodation for about twenty visitors, and includes a supply the needs of every city, Ptaolwesn~ library with already over 500 volumes and agricultural settlement in relating to Palestinian subjects. While intended primarily for students, min- tine. The government is to regulate ister'l;, missionaries, members of all Presbyterian Churches will be wel- the charges in a manner similar to the comed. way public utilities are regulated in the United States.-Science New8 Let- ter.

Unrest in Palestine T ~E present situation in Palestine IS reported to be serious because of Arab hostility against the British officials as a result of the recent clashes at Nablus.

Modernized Palestine The Moslems believe that when the Indian problem is less acute these WITH the completion of three hy- dro-electric power stations on the 70,000,000 Moslems will be ready to historic river Jordan, with the ribbing help their fellow religionists in Pales- tine.

781

Shaukat Ali, noted Indian Moslem blaming each other for the result. The leader, who wears home-spun Moslem Moslem nationalists take their stand clothing and Moslem footgear with on the principle that separate electro- American horn-rimmed spectacles and ates are an evil, wbich if tolerated at smokes an exp~nsive Havana cigar, all, should be tolerated temporarily as says: a necessity. On the other hand the per- petuation of separate electorates is a "The achievement of an understand- fundamental point in the creed of the ing between the Arabs and the Jews other Moslem party. This vital dif- must be preceded by the latters' re- ference was found impossible of settlenunciation of their national home idea, ment, and once again the Moslems are willingness to have restriction of im- in a disunited condition unable to migration and revocation of the Bal- make their united demand known to four Agreement." Mr. Gandhi.

Medical Advance in Persia Church Union in India THE Government has taken over the AT THE Delhi Round Table Confer- control of all medical work in Persia, in so far as not allowing anyone .t1 ence on Church Union representato practice medicine unless he has a Government license. This does not tives were present from the Anglican mean a diploma, nor imply any special Church, the United Church of North knowledge of medicine, inasmuch as India, the Methodist Episcopal and licenses were granted those already Wesleyan Churches, the English Bappracticing. But hereafter, no license tists, and Church of the Brethren, and wm be issued except to those having the Society of Friends. The New Outhad five years' study of modern medi- look reports that it was agreed that cine, or a foreign degree. Thus, in negotiations for a comprehensive the course of some twenty years, the Church Union in Northern India old practitioners will have passed. Per- should proceed. In Church polity there sian doctors have attained a much should be congregational liberty in the higher standard of medical knowledge life and activity of the local church: and skill, which emphasizes the neces- responsibility for government should sity for mission hospitals keeping vest in synods or representative counabreast of the times. cils, with clerical and lay members; and there should be superintendents or Medical missionaries are now obliged bishops. Several delegates emphasized to send their diplomas to Teheran to the necessity of avoiding the term be registered, and no unlicensed prac- "Historic Episcopate." The Conference tice is allowed. The Government is thought that a South India Scheme in also demanding endless statistics of its present form was not quite adehospitals, together with the most min- quate to the needs of North India, but ute details of the use of drugs coming desired a conference to consider the under the Dangerous Drugs Act. principles to be adopted in the forma- tion of a United Church for India. INDIA-BURMA-CEYLON Meantime steps are being taken in the direction of a smaller union between India's Moslems Fail to Agree the Methodist Episcopal Church, the English Baptist Community, and the THE negotiations going on between United Church of Northern India. the two political parties among Moslems with a view to arrive at an Wanless Tuberculosis Sanitarium agreement on the question of Moslem representation on elected bodies which AFTER many years of planning for will come into being as the result of a tuberculosis sanitarium, Sir introducing a new constitution in In- William Wanless, of Miraj, acquired dia have broken down, and the leaders 100 acres of land in 1924, paying for it of both parties have issued statements

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

with hospital receipts. Opposition hin- years ago. The congregations have as dered the project, and it was not until many applicants for baptism as mem- 1931 that patients could be admitted. bers and cannot respond to all the re- Dr. Wanless retired and returned to quests for teachers and even for visits the United States in 1924, but was re- to villages. In many places the in- called to India last year to promote the quirers, at their own expense, are work he had begun and as a result the building chapels and in others they sanitarium has added five cottages to furnish free labor for their erection.

the original six.

A host of Indian friends, mostly Rebellion in Burma Parsees, have given various sums, ag- THE rebel situation continues to be gregating a large amount and it is the curse of this land and the lives expected to build another doctor',s bun- of tens of thousands of helpless vil- galow, more private wards and cot- lagers. Rebel activities have drifted tages, public wards and kitchens, eastward over the Pegu Yomas into nurses' home, X-ray, operating, labora- the vicinity of Pegu and our Methodist • tory and office blocks, and a chapel. village work has begun to feel the im- Opportunity Widens pact very sorely.

THE Farm Machinery Laboratory at The most promising and progressive Allahabad, the largest and best village work we have centers at Ingequipped building for the purpose in ouk, a backwoods place. The work be- gan there eight years ago when the India is now completed. Arrangements Rev. J. R. Boyles, on a dry season itinhave been made by Dr. Sam Higgin- erating trip, chanced to come upon this bottom with Allahabad Univer,sity for place and found that through the una degree course in agriculture, the usually effective witnessing of two obuniversity to teach the basic science, scure Burmese Christians the chief the Agricultural Institute to teach men of the place were ready to accept farm crops, animal husbandry, dairying, fruit and vegetable culture. the privileges and responsibilities of Christian living. The fact that this On April 15th the first "Farmers' place happened to be inhabited by a Institute," was opened with a regular sect of theistic Buddhists made the approgram of demonstrations and lec- proach easier. From that beginning tures in Hindustani and English for there developed something nearer to a farmers, village workers and mission- village mass movement than we usualaries. Dr. Higginbottom also states ly see in Burma. The work resulted that political tension has lessened since in changed lives from the first. Soon the acceptance of the Gandhi-Irwin a church building was erected for woragreement, though one problem seems ship and vernacular school uses. beyond reach of solution-that of communal representation, an extremely In recent weeks it has been known in divisive system which results in riots the village that rebel organization was between Hindus and Moslems. This under way. In the whole locality, there is not so much a religious as an eco- is only the one center where Christian nomic struggle for official preferment. morale and loyalty held the people steady. Their neighbors were falling A Fruitful GerD1an Mission fast under the allurements or compUl- sion of the rebel organizers. As a THE MOST fruitful stations of Ger- safety measure the police ordered the man missionaries in India are those surrender of guns held by licensees. of the Breklum Mission in the southern Sunday, the 12th of July, was a Telugu field, which was held for the gloomy day in the Pegu Burmese Breklum Mission during the war by church when the little group of chief the United Lutheran Church, and was persons from Ingouk heard the sad restored to the Breklum lfission a few news that the rebels had burned the

church and parsonage, that many of The work in the Colombo jail is be- the people of the village were scattered ing carried on regularly and the pris- to other places and that the rebels had oners look forward with keen int.erest forced into their company one of the to the Sunday morning ·services. The Christians who, before he became a men ask eagerly for religious litera- Christian had been ready enough to ture, and a great change has come over share in the doings of dacoit bands. their lives. A few gramophone rec- It turns out very fortunately that ords of Gospel songs and hymns would the wooden building to replace the be of great help in this work among Pegu Chinese school which was de- prisoners. Pray for this work.-G. D.

stroyed in last year's earthquake is al- Lemphers, Nugegoda, Ceylon.

most completed. It will offer shelter to at least thirty refugees if neces- CHINA sary; and the Chinese official board Great Floods has consented gladly to its use in that way. An ap·peal has just been received T HE American Red Cross has refrom the Rev. U On Kin for local cir- cently voted to send $100,000 to aid. culation among the Methodist church- the fl'Ood sufferers along the Yangtse es in Burma in behalf of relief for our River in China where the flood waH repeople who have been forced to leave ported (August 19th) the worst in their homes.-H. J. H., in The Indian over sixty years. This money will be Witn/loss. transmitted through the State Depart- ment to Walter A. Adams, American Eager Hearers in Ceylon Consul General at Hankow.

T HERE is a great hunger among the From Hankow it was repGrted that people of Ceylon for the Gospel. thousands were drowned as the flood Crowds gather round about us on the undermined cities and destroyed the street corners where we take our stand farms upon which the country has to preach and the words of our Lord depended for food. The flood waters are exemplified when He said "And I, ~ached a height of 53 feet six inches, if I be lifted up, will draw all men unto compared with the previous record in me." the 1870 flood of 50 feet six inches and At the close of one· service when the the highest point of land in Hankow invitation was given, backed up with was five feet under water. The Hanthe promise, "Him that cometh to me kow Bund was seven and one-half feet will in no wise be cast out," a Buddhist bel'Ow the surface. One of the principal stepped out, spread a cloth on the dikes protecting the old city of Wu- ground and knelt in prayer. Another chang, across the river, gave way. man who was a bit under the influence Whole towns and villages have been of drink, but was able to under- wiped out and epidemics threaten the stand what he was doing, knelt down survivors. to pray. The people were surprised The Grand Canal and other water and pressed in on us so much that courses have brought floods also in the place was blocked. The man con- southern Shantung and in Hupeh provfessed that he was anxious to be rid inces. It is estimated that 400,000 of the demon drink and that there have died and 50,000,000 are threatwas no 'Other power on earth that could ened with starvation.

help him. He left us rejoicing. The Nationalist Government already Our street preaching reaches the has made about $600,000 available for poor, the outcast, the untouchable and relief work, and many government em- the helpless, peGple whG are 'Outcasts ployes have been drafted for flGod re- from society and victims of drink. The lief work. A Chinese d'Omestic loan of majority are Buddhists, Hindus and $6,000,000 was also proposed for flood Mohammedans to whom the Gospel is relief and 15,000,000 bushels of wheat preached in the vernacular. are to be s~t from America, at low

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

cost~it should be donated if China In spite of it all we ,seem to have will end the waste of internal warfare. made progress in evangelistic work.

The Protestant missions having Services continue to be well attended, work in Hankow, Wuchang and Han- and interest in preaching for non- yang are: American Bible Society, Christians has notlessened. The peo- Protestant Episcopal, Christian and ple are extremely friendly toward us Missionary Alliance, China Inland Mis- and we have a wonderful opportunity sion, Lutherans, Postal Telegraph, to work among children. Our small London Mission, Religious Tract So- and primitive playground has made ciety, Seventh Day Adventists, Wes- them friendly and approachable but we leyan Methodists, Y. M. C. A., and need to discover some way of securing Swedish Baptists-a total of one hun- their regular attendance at teaching dred and eighteen Protestant mission- so that our influence upon their charac- aries are in this center. Gifts to aid ters and habits may be more effective.

the flood sufferers may be sent to the -E. H. Forster, in The Living Church.

Mission Boards.

I .. China Near Extinction? A Great Chinese Woman WARNING that "the Chinese na- AGREATER character than the old tion is now on the brink of extinc- Chinese Empress Dowager, and tion," the Central Executive Commit- one that exerted a more widespread tee of the Kuomintang (People's influence to benefit China, was Madame party) issued an appeal last month K. T. Soong who entered into rest at calling on the whole country to unite Tsingtao on J1,lly 23d. to overcome the evil effects of the floods, civil warfare, banditry and anti- Madame S'oong w~s a strong and in- Chinese riots in Chosen. telligent Christian, an active member of the Methodist church in China and "Whether our country can survive a teacher in the Sunday School of the this crisis," say,s the manifesto, "de- Young Allen Church in Shanghai. pends on the last supreme effort of the nation. Remember that 'Heaven helps A notable group of Chinese men and only those who help themselves,' and women, all of them educated in Amerlet all our compatriots rise to the oc- ica, gathered on August 17th at the casion." Sixteen provinces, it pointed funeral service in honor of their out, are affected by the flood and the mother, to do homage to the woman famine certain to follow. who had exercised a powerful influence on modern China.

Harvard Univer.sity, Wellesley and Chinese Communism Wesleyan, (Macon, Ga.), are American CONDITIONS in Yangchow, Kiang- institutions at which the sons and su, are still quiet. General Chang daughters of this remarkable woman Chih-chiang is functioning and that were educated. Their training fitted accounts for peaceful conditions. He all to occupy leading positions in the asked the local Christians to hold a national affairs of China.

week of special prayer for China from Mme. Soong knew the old China, June 21st to June 28th. There were but lived through the revolution to meeting,s in each church or chapel. see her sons and daughters reach posts The political situation certainly re- of influence. She reared all .six as quires prayer. My feeling is that Christians and it was through her in- there is danger of worse trouble than fluence and in her home that the Presi- that of 1927. The discontent and disil- dent of China, Chiang Kai-shek, was lusionment of the people are very wide- baptized as a Christian.

spread, and the power and influence of The six children are T. V. Soong, the communists are still strong in vice-chairman of the Nationalist Gov- many sections of the country. Civil ernment; Mme. Sun Yat-sen, widow war with Canton is also an added of the founder of the Chinese Repub- affliction. lie; Mme. Chiang Kai-shek, wife of S

the President; Mme. H. H. Kung, wife religious leaders, especially the intelof the Nationalist Minister of Indus- lectuals. Though the movement is not try; T. L. Soong, Secretary of the older than three years it has become an Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and T. N. active group of enthusiastic young Soong, who holds a minor government Christians. The original motto of the position. group is: "Search for truth and live a sincere and pure life in cIo-se fellowship The sons were educated at Harvard with Christ!" They started the fellow- University and the girls at Wellesley ship not because they loved Christ, but and Wesleyan. The family is reputed because they needed Christ. one of the wealthiest in China.

Future of Mission Schools Shanghai College Now a University T HE following comment on the Na- 'fHE name of Shanghai College (an tional Government's denial of the American Baptist Mission institu- right to teach Christianity in schools supported by foreign mission funds ap- tion) has been changed to the Uni- pears as an editorial in the Shanghai versity of Shanghai. Among reasons Evening Post and Mercury: advanced are the practice in China of calling an instituti'On of higher learn- Funds with which these schools are ing "Ta Hsueh," that is, university, established are almost 100 per cent con- while the Chinese name for college is tributed from abroad, with the purpose loosely applied to secondary and techof furthering the teaching of Christian- nical schools. The institution has been ity. Schools, hospitals and social centers jointly supported by the Northern and have been one of the most effective ways the Southern Baptist Conventions, and of demonstrating the practical effects of the Chinese Baptists. the Christian religion. The donors of these funds did not contemplate the es- President Herman E. Liu says that tablishment of secular mission schools the university stands for physical, throughout China. An appeal for funds mental and spiritual growth. The Unito establish educational institutions in versity of Shanghai should be mDre China, no matter how worthy that cause than ever a beacon light of Christian might be, would lack the appeal of a plea faith, a strong evangelistic force, and for contributions for schools of a definite a factor in the general uplift of China. religious and Christian character. JAPAN-CHOSEN To endow non-religious schools in China with religious mission funds is Vice Investigations definite patronage, and if the National Government's policy continues, the mis- THE League 'Of Nations "commission sion support will inevitably be with- of inquiry into the traffic in women drawn. Then the entire question of and children in the Orient" ha-s recenteducation will be in the hands of the Na- ly begun its investigations in Japan. tional Government, where that govern- While welcoming the commission as ofment evidently desires it to be. The ficials of the League of Nations, the Nanking government has clearly decided Japanese Government has not been to forego the benefits of the Christian cordial to the efforts of reform soschools rather than consent to the spread cieties of the Empire to gather maof the Christian religion. terial to make the League's investiga- tion effective. Dr. Bascom J'Ohnson, New Movement Among Students the head of the Investigating Commit- tee, and his colaborers have been diplo- T HE Dawn is a religious movement matic and have obtained information of the Christian students of dif- that will be of value in curbing the ferent colleges and high schools, gov- disgraceful and ruinous traffic in wom- en and children for evil purposes. ernment and private, in Peiping, Whether or not it is a result of the China. Most of the founders came visit of the commission, the Japan Adfrom non-Christian, old-fashioned vertiser reports that many inmates of Chinese families, but are inspired by the Christian religion.

The movement is still in the stage of germination, but it has attracted much attention and interest from the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

the licensed quarters have secured the American House of Representa- their freedom in the past month. tives arranged to meet at San Fran- cisco, late in July;to consider the re- Student Radicalis:m in Ja.pan peal of the Japanese exclusion act. If I N SPITE of the efforts of the gov- Japanese, like Europeans, are put un- ernment to suppress communism and der the existing quota system only in spite of the influence of such forces 185 Japanese could be admitted anas Dr. Toyohiko Kagawa and other nually, and the affront to Japanese Christians, radicalism seems to be in- pride would be removed. The reprecreasing among students in Japan. In recent months there have been numer- sentatives of business organizations ous disturbances in the government in California may not be actuated and private universities and colleges. solely by the highest sentiments of The students at Waseda University brotherhood, but the rescinding of the have protested against a newly ap- exclusion act would be the removal of pointed president and the students at an affront to a friendly nation.-The Presbyterian Advance.

the Imperial University of Tokyo are demanding student self-government. Need for Schools in Chosen W These movements are encouraged by HAT will the church do for lead- ership if all her young people communist agents and literature but the efforts to repress such student ex- are educated in Buddhist schools? It pression seem to increase rather than is a great problem and it would be a to control the spirit of rebellion terrible backward step to close work against the established order. There already going on when what we need are evils and weaknesses in many in- is to enlarge. This year the Pyeng- stitutions and in society that need cor- yang Academy could take only 150 of rection and every effort ought to be the 389 applicants. That shows a little made to discover and correct these of what it means to lack educational evils, with the help of all who seek im- facilities. Mothers, fathers, uncles provement. and aunts, pastor,s and friends call to make applicati'On and the disappointed Religion and Anti-Religion ones have to weep.

ONE evil effect of radicalism in The Chinese trouble in Pyengyang every country is its tendency to was fomented by folks from 'Outside, discredit all religion. In Japan anti- perhaps from Manchuria. The Japa- religious societies have been organized nese were afraid to handle it dras- and have assumed such proportions as tically at first for fear the mob would to attract government attention. As a turn on the Japanese. The mob spirit whole, however, the Japanese people appealed to the very worst element 'Of are inclined to be religious and Bud- the city. Most.of it was at night, dhist leaders are stirring themselves though it raged now and then during to prove their faith still has vitality. two days also. A pastor, who has lived In the meantime the Kingdom of God all his life in the city, said that he did Movement among the Christians is not see one familiar face in the crowd making progress and one Christian as it surged up and down the streets.

missionary society reports that it has Our dairyman had a thrilling time as begun a campaign to visit everyone he stood off the mob and saved four- of all the more than ten million homes teen Chinese who 'had taken refuge in in Japan and will leave in each a the enclosure. He risked his life but Gospel portion. he saved their lives. We sheltered two men for a day in our cellar. The next The Japanese Exclusion Aet Sunday three Chinese came to one of AT THE request of representative the churches to express their thanks business organizations of Cali- and they said that the Christian Chifornia, the Immigration Committee of nese were all rescued and that they

wanted their brethren to know that contains three-quarters of the whole they knew it was not the mind of the population, of whom half a million Christian Koreans in Pyengyang to belong to the Protestant and Roman do such things against them.-Mrs. Catholic Churches. It embraces the George S. McCune. island groups north of Australia, in- cluding New Guinea. There are masses A Korean Pastor's Work of heathen still in the New Hebrides, REV. YI MYUNG CHAI, pastor of the Solomons and the three divisions a Methodist church in Kyung- of New Guinea. It is surprising, howchun, Korea, is winning the confidence ever, to note that in New Guinea, with not alone of the poor and the needy of its total population of over eight hunhis community, but of the government dred and ninety-nine thousand, nearly authorities as well. Although without one-quarter of this number is now special medical training, he is well Christian, in the proportion of two read in medicine, and keeps on hand Protestants to one Roman Catholic. simple remedies with which he has cured many minor ailments. Serious Orientals in the islands – and the cases he refers to the Christian doctor number is growing rapidly-are pracin Kongju. By making no charge for tically unreached with the Gospel.- World Dominion Survey.

his remedies he avoids conflict with the government officials, and by treat- New Zealand Youth T ing these offiCials he wins their favor, HE desire to reach young people left indifferent by the churches a novel method of breaking down prejudice. and Christian youth organizations was The little church of which Yi Myung expressed at a conference of Christian Chai is pastor is the saine which I leaders at Waikanae, New Zealand.

erected a tithe storehouse, mentioned The General Secretary of the Welling- recently in the Review. This twelve- ton Y. M. C. A. ,showed in a very by-twelve structure had its initiation searching report that the influence of when it received the tithes of the Christian work and Christian youth barley harvest last spring. This fall it organizations is very much less than will serve as the storehouse for a por- is generally supposed. The New Zea- tion of the pastor's food supply for the land Youth Committee for religious year, as the Christians bring in the education decided to give pUblicity tithe of their rice crop. throughout all Christian youth move- ments to the fact that nine-tenths of PACIFIC ISLANDS the youth of the country were outside A Survey their sphere, and to -stress the neces- sity for a special missionary effort for T HE Pacific Islands cover an area these masses of young people who are of about three hundred and eighty drifting further and fUrther away thousand square miles. The Christian from all religion. population of the islands is under one- third of the total population, of whom three hundred and sixty-eight thou- A Woman Pastor at Kula, Hawaii K sand are Protestants and two hundred ULA is about 3,000 feet up the side of a mountain on the island and fifty-two thousand seven hundred and ninety-two are Roman Catholics. of Maui, in Hawaii. There is a Chi- The eastern division, once called Poly- nese Protestant Episcopal congrega- nesia, is described as evangelized, yet tion at Kula, now in charge of Mrs.

less than half its population profess Shim, widow of a Chinese rector who Christianity and half of these are ministered there for many years. She Roman Catholics. holds services, visits the people, and The remainder of the Pacific area her daughter conducts the church is described as partly evangelized and school. The congregation is made up

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

mostly of Chinese farmers and their requires constant attention and families, widely scattered on farms trained leadership to make certain that along the rough side roads. There is in practice they are really secured:; also a large tuberculosis sanatorium and preventorium for children. Thou- World Student Federa.tion in Wil- sands of children of Oriental parents liamstown A are here being molded into useful RETREAT for the officers of the World's Student Christian Feder- American citizens. ation was held during the week begin- NORTH AMERIVA ning July 5th at Williamstown, Mass.

A New Covered Wagon on the Trail The Federation is a league of Chris- A COVERED wagon, following the tian students around the world which pioneer trail across the continent includes in its membership 300,000 from Brockton, Mass., to the Pacific students in 3,113. colleges and univer- Coast, set out on June 20th to cele- sities. The central office is in Geneva, brate the one hundredth anniversary Switzerland, from which its influence of the founding of the American Bap- radiates to forty-five countries. The tist Home Mission Society. This new federation is one of the few Christian covered wagon, a replica of those that movements in the world which, becrossed the continent in pioneer days, cause of the extent of its field and the was towed by an automobile in which character of its membership, is rode the Rev. Dr. G. Clifford Cress, brought into intimate contact with Mr. William Turkington, the Rev. Coe every racial barrier of any importance Hayne and his son. The party planned that divides the human race.

to stop at various centers along the way to hold missionary meetings and Getting Behind the Peace Pact S stir up interest in American evangeli- IXTEEN denominations in South- ern California, the Presbyterian zation. a unique method of celebrating an important event and valuable Board of Education and the National for publicity and promotion. Convention of Disciples have endorsed the following resolution: Y. M. C. A. and Religion WHEREAS, War looms before the world today as one of the most serious prob- AT THEIR forty-third international lems, and convention at Cleveland, (August 5th to 7th), the Y. M. C. A. leaders WHEREAS, The signing of the Kellogg of the United States and Canada reL Peace Pact by the leading nations of the newed their pledge to keep the spirit- world commits them for the first time to ual objectives of the Association in the renunciation of war "as an instrument foreground. The danger that the Y of national policy" in their relations with will become a club centering in ath- one another, and letics and secular education and advertising, is met by the declaration that WHEREAS, The effectiveness of this new "all our activities-educational, phys- policy 'for the prevention of war will deical, recreational, social-and all our pend in very large measure upon the administrative policies must be tested volume of popular sentiment which may by the extent to which they show ac- be created in its favor among the comtual results in the development of mon people of the earth, therefore be it Christian character, habits and ideals." The basic purpose is religious Resolved, That we urgently recommend and Chri~tian; the method is through the appointment of a peace committee in every local church, whose duty it shall be to foster the peace sentiment of the con- gregation by means of literature, lectures and other methods, and to cooperate with like committees from other groups in the interest of world peace.

an approach to the problems, interests As a help toward an understanding and needs of youth today. Truth is of the issues involved in the disarm- in this statement: "While religious ament parley ·set for February, 1932, values may inhere in any program, it the Commission on International Jus-

tice and Goodwill has prepared a pam- ganized, apathetic congregation. There phlet, setting forth salient facts re- are now 41 members, with an average garding war, and a brief discussion of Sunday attendance of over 100. the following questions; Cost of Armaments, Cost of the World War, Move- The Deatons are purchasing an ments for Disarmament, America's eighty-acre farm adjoining their Part at the Conference. Suggestions church, and are contributing it to the are made as to what friends of peace people for their own upbuilding. The may do. work on the farm will be done by mem- bers of the congregation under the di- Indian Bureau Reorganized rection of the preacher, who is an agricultural graduate and the profit of I N MARCH a complete reorganiza- the farm will go directly to the church. tion of the Bureau of Indian Affairs Already the men of the church have of the U. S. Department of the Inte- set out three hundred peach trees. rior went into effect following more than a year's study by the Oommis- The primary purpose is to furnish sioner of Indian Affairs. Coordination an adequate outlet for the social and and cooperation are the keynotes of recreational needs of the community. the new system. Five field divisions On a fifteen-acre field will be located a of health, education, agricultural ex- baseball diamond, tennis and volleytension and industry, forestry and ir- ball courts and other recreational farigation have been organized with a cilities. Old-fashioned sports will be technical or professional director at revived. the head of each. These divisions are grouped under two assistants to the This will be the headquarters of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs whose local Home Economics Club, several spheres are defined as Human Rela- 4-H Clubs, a Boy Scout troop, and the tions and Property. The Assistant to other activities that identify a widethe Commissioner on Human Relations awake and progressive community. will be directly responsible to the Commissioner for the coordination of Growth of United Church of Canada the divisions of health, education, and agricultural extension and industry. F RIENDS of Christian unity will be The Assistant to the Commissioner on gratified with a statistical report of Property will be directly re·sponsible the United Church of Canada. In 1925, for all activities dealing with the when Presbyterians, Methodists and guardianship of Indian property, Congregationalists united there were tribal and individual, land, irrigation, 600,522 members. Now there are 662,- and forestry. 258, a gain in each year of union. The 369,562 families are now 417,815. Church Operates a Farm Though there are fewer Sunday Schools, there are 56,000 more pupils ASOCIAL and religious experiment and 64,000 more members in young that promises much toward the people's societies. Though church propsolution of the recreational, cultural erty values have risen by $14,000,000, and devotional problems of rural com- the debt is up only $1,700,000. Pasmunities, has been undertaken in the tors' salaries show a gain of $500,000 Valley City community of Harrison despite the depression, which has re- County, Indiana, not far from Louis- duced the total amount raised by the ville, Ky., a project without precedent United Church from $16,968,243 in in rural service. 1925-26, to $16,421,286 in the year ending December 31, 1930. When Rev. and Mrs. B. P. Deaton took charge of a church in this com- The Lindberghs at Point Barrow munity about a year ago, they found four resident members, and' a disor- I N ANTICIPATION of Col. and Mrs. Charles A. Lindbergh's visit to Alaska, the National Board of the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., wired Cakchiquel New TestaJllent its missionaries at Point Barrow t'O T HE Indians 'Of Guatemala now place at their disp'Osal all the facilities have the entire New Testament available at that nDrthern point. translated and published in their 'Own dialect. At a special conference held Point Barrow was practically the half-way stop on the Colonel'·s trip to at Patzum May 19th and 20th, the first the Orient, lying almost 300 miles copy in Cakchiquel was presented tD within the Arctic Circle. The little the president 'Of Guatemala; the sectDwn has from 400 to 600 inhabitants, Dnd tD Trinidad Bac, 'One of two native with many migratory residents. For assistant translatDrs called the Paul 'Of most 'Of the year it is almost iSDlated his people; a third tD Mrs. Greenleaf, frDm civilizatiDn. It receives four who has contributed liberally t'O the mails annually, three by dog team and Bible Institute of Panajachel and four 'One by bDat in the summer time. Sup- copies tD y'Oung men who had aided in plies are received once a year thrDugh the translation. The copies were b'Ound the Steamship HDlmes, an 'Old sailing in the colors 'Of the natiDnal fiag, on vessel that visits Dut-Df-the-way fish- excellent paper and appeal tD the ing hamlets 'On the CDast. In 1928, the Indians' artistic sense.

t'Own became mDre clDsely connected The great masses of these Indians with the WDrld by the installatiDn 'Of a cannDt read or write. The next few wireless, and in 1929, a gDvernment mDnths an intensive campaign is tD be radiD receiving and brDadcasting set carried 'On whereby grDups of workers was installed. are to meet with Cakchiquel brethren The w'Ork dDne by the Presbyterian in strategic centers tD prepare them Church is mDst nDtewDrthy, hDspitali- to teach 'Others to read. zati'On being a particularly valuable feature. Dr. and Mrs. Henry W. EUROPE Griest serve as physician, pastor and Methodist Union in England head nurse respectively. ON JULY 16th the representative There are 'Only tWD m'Onths in the session of the Wesleyan Methodist year, July and August, when there is Conference voted, by 558 t'O 14, in 0''0 snDW 'On the grDund. favor of the scheme for amalgamating LATIN AMERICA the Weslevan Methodist, Primitive Methodist' and United Methodist New Merger in Porto Rico Churches int'O one bcdy. As this year's ANEW merger 'Of den'Ominations has Primitive Methodist and United Meth- taken place in PDrtD RicD where odist Conferences reached the same the mi·ssions 'Of the CDngregatiDnal, decision by majorities 'Of ninety-nine the Christian and the United Brethren per cent, the way is now clear for the Churches have cDmbined tD fDrm the actual union. Next year each of the Evangelical Church 'Of PDrtD RicD. three conferences will first meet sepa- The new group has a membership 'Of rately fDr the transaction 'Of ordinary 3,518 and embraces 36 native IDeal business, and will then adjourn f'Or a churches and 74 ,'Other pDints where united meeting in London on Septem- regular services are held; 77 Bible ber 20th. From that date MethDdism schools enr'Oll 6,292 and 42 young peD- in Great Britain will enter up'On a new pIe's societies have 1,587 members. era. The almost unanimous vote in the During 1930 a little mDre than $13,000 three conferences is an encouraging was raised IDcally for the work, $57,- omen for the future.

000 being contributed by the missi'On Following the decision looking to- bDards 'Of the three den'Ominations in ward Methodist uni'On, it is rep'Orted the United States. The total valuati'On that the Wesleyan Methodist Confer- of 50 church edifices and other build- ence has agreed t'O give the Federal ings is almost $500,000. Council 'Of the Evangelical Free

Churches authority to accept the Arch- men there for ultimate settlement in bishop of Canterbury's invitation to Palestine. Gifts amounting. to £265 appoint representatives of the Free were pledged or given and an anony- Churches. The Free Church repre- mous contributor promised £1,000 for sentatives will meet Church of Eng- the project.-The Christian.

land representatives to renew confer- ences on the subject of reunion. Mission Congress in Pa.ris Hebrew Christian Alliance PROTESTANTS in France every year hold a congress which they T HE Hebrew Christian Alliance call the Protestant Week, organized by held its third International Confer- the Evangelical Federation.' This year ence in England with approximately it gave place to a "Congress of Mis- 200 delegates, representing 23 coun- sions" which was an eloquent demon- tries. The dominant note was the ear- stration of the interest which the mis- nest desire that Christ should be the sionary work arouses among French center of the Conference, of the work Protestants and among many friends of the Alliance, and the lives of its of every good cause who appreciate members. Reports of the condition of the educational and social value of this the Jewish people in different coun- Christian work. tries led to a discussion as to the best In the Colonial Exposition, along- way of winning them for Christ, and side of the Roman Catholic Pavilion, the responsibility of the International stood the one of Protestant Missions Hebrew Christian Alliance. The prob- with exhibits in which were indige- lem of the Hebrew Christian in coun- nous objects typical of every country, tries where Roman Catholicism and photographs, pictures, giving an idea Greek Orthodoxy predominates, and of the labor put forth by the Evan- where the Reformed Churches are gelical Missions.

anti-Semitic in outlook, was discussed. The meetings of the Congress were and a commission of inquiry was ap~ well attended and the subjects for dis- pointed. cussion were presented by competent The plight of Hebrew Christians in and experienced men. The self-denying Poland was noted and in certain cases and heroic work of the French Evanmissionaries in that country have felt gelical missionaries had thus been compelled to refuse or delay baptism made known to many and it is to be to converts because of economic re- hoped that the Mission Society will sults inevitable. The Jew who openly receive an increase of sympathy and confesses his faith in Christ loses his of means in its extensive work.-Esmeans of livelihood, and is faced with pana Evangelica.

starvation for himself and his family.

A scheme was outlined by Rev. H. The Church and the State in Italy T C. Carpenter for the establishment of HERE is sure to be trouble when an agricultural colony at an initial cost . both Church and State claim su- of about £3,000. In such a colony men preme authority over national sub- could be received and trained, and jects. In Italy Premier Mussolini be- given work. The scheme was com- came suspicious 'Of the "Catholic Ac- mended by Sir Leon Levison, who ex- tion" societies as being out of har- plained that the trustees of Abraham's mony with Facism. He ordered them Vineyard, Jerusalem, had been offered dissolved. This was considered by the £15,000 for the property, and were Vatican a blow at the Church and·the considering the sale and the purchas- Pope issued an Encyclical on July 4th, ing of agricultural land in Palestine, making it clear that .the diplomatic upon which Hebrew Christian families interchanges between the Vatican and could be settled. He suggested inter- the Italian Government had contrib- relating the two schemes, to relieve uted nothing toward clearing up the the situation in Poland-and to train controversy. The question is: Who

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

is to control the training of the youth synod, to study the problem of reli- of Italy? The State, says II Duce. gious education in Greece, and "under- The Church, says the Vatican. The take whatever seems necessary to oath of unconditional obedience to "an bring the standards of religious edu- authority which can give orders cation in Greece up to the best mod- against all truth and justice" is illicit, ern requirements." The increase of says the Pope. His description of the sermons in the church, almost un- State-in contrast with the Church- known ten years ago, and its enlarged as "an authority which can give or- social and philanthropic work since ders against all truth and justice" the War, offer evidence that the does not help in restoring a pleasant Church in Greece is trying to meet the feeling between Church and State. On moral and social requirements of to- September 1st, an agreement was day. Among its first actions, the com- reached restoring the right of "Cath- mittee has announced a prize to be olic Action" but limiting them wholly awarded the author of the best study to social and religious activities. The of the history of religious education.

question of Catholic schools is not yet settled. Protestantism in Jugoslavia Anti-Protestp.nt Activity ALAW has been promulgated in Jugoslavia indicating the amount APRESS despatch from Rome, dated of government support to be given August 27th, reports that Pope annually to the Protestant churches in Pius XI plans, in his next pastoral the country. The total sum (1,444,000 letter, to intensify his protests against din.) will be divided according to the American Protestants "proselyting" membership statistics furnished by in Italy. the churches.

This decision was prompted by the The Council of Bishops of the Serlaying of the cornerstone of the large bian Orthodox Church convened Sep- Methodist church at Tagliacozzo, not tember 14th, to make final decisions far from Rome. Methodists went about the new church constitution infrom Rome to swell the crowd of local tended to adapt the church law and adhe"ents and the ceremony was re- politics to post-war conditrons, political garded as a challenge to the Catholic and national. Church.

The ceremony was conducted in The fourth annual convention of Italian and a copy of the authorized temperance societies in Jugoslavia has English v3rsion of the Bible was just closed in Belgrade. It lasted four placed in the cornerstone. days and was attended by over 200 Missionary efforts of Methodists in official delegates.

the town of Anticoli Corrado, where American pastors distributed Bibles Gospel on the Russian Frontier to the people, resulted in the Catholic STRATEGIC points along the Ruspriest at Anticoli Corrado asking the sian frontier are being occupied people to bring the Bibles to him and by agents of the Religious Tract Sohe burned them. ciety of Great Britain for the purpose of distributing literature to counter- The Tagliacozzo Church was built act the atheistic efforts of the Soviet by Italians who had returned from Union. One means of communication America. The Methodist Episcopal with the interior is through the lum- Church's missionary activity in Italy bermen who come down the rivers on has been reduced to a minimum by the timber rafts, and return with Gospels present laws.

Religious Educa.tion in Greece and other literature. Other Russians, T HE synod of the Church of Greece whose labors bring them to the fron- has instituted a committee of eight, tier, are another means of contact.- presided over by the president of the Alliance Weekly.

Atheism in Russia took especial interest in the develop- ment of the Swedish Church Mission I N MOSCOW an atheistic university in China and his viewpoints bore rich for children was recently organ- fruit in the conduct of this work. ized. The purpose of this is to train antireligious agitators, propagandists AFRICA and organizers in schools, collective farms, vacation colonies and families. Ocean-to-Ocean Railway Instruction is to be given once a day for a five-day week. Every pioneer T HE first train to cross Africa from group, or atheistic group, in the ocean to ocean left Lobito, on the schools must send six children to the west coast, early in July, and ran to university. The children are divided Beira, on the east coast, a distance of into brigades, each brigade comprising 2,949 miles. This train traversed in two to three schools. The leader is re- turn Portuguese, Belgian, British, and sponsible for the attendance and work again Portuguese territory. of the children. A contest has been organized for the best work, the most The enterprise is predominantly assiduous attendance and the best dis- British, and will always be associated cipline. After studying "Religion, Col- with the names of Cecil Rhodes and lective Farming and Campaign of Sir Robert Williams. A correspondent Seed-sowing:' the university is to pro- of the London Times writes: ceed to the collective farms and the children are to enact their antireli- It was by the decision of Cecil Rhodes gious propaganda. that Beira became the port for Rhodesia; it was Williams who, having convinced The Soviet authorities have refused himself Qf the mineral wealth of Kaadmission to a number of American tanga, determined that it should have a ministers who wanted to take part in direct outlet to the sea by the shortest the tours organized by the Soviet gov- route-namely, to the west coast through ernment. The tourist agencies have Angola. been notified that the participation of ministers in such tours "is fo)," the This railway, like the airplane, will present not desirable." be of immense benefit to missionarv work in Africa by transporting mis- sionaries, Bibles, mail and provisions.

ReforlllS in Abyssinia Arehbishop Jonathan Soderblolll ALL Christians will be interested in recent news from the land which T HE Svensk Missionstidning brings gave to Christianity its first known a charming tribute to the late African convert. Ethiopia was a Archbishop Soderblom by Bishop Da- Christian land hundreds of years benell, relating the archbishop and the fore America was discovered. On July cause of missions. As a student, Dr. 16th by decree of the "Conquering Soderblom became interested in for- Lion of Judah and Elect of God," Emeign missions and was an active leader peror Haile Selassie, the government in the student missionary society at of ancient Ethiopia has been changed Upsala. He was for a long time the from an absolute to a constitutional editor of a missionary magazine pub- monarchy. The new constitution, lished by the students and laid the granted by the Emperor upon his own foundations for a more thorough un- initiative, provides for two legislative derstanding of the problems of mis- chambers with responsible ministers sions in his own country. to carry out decisions reached. This is in line with other reforms previous- As archbishop he was the president ly undertaken by him to better the of the Swedish Mission Society's condition of his ten million subjects. Board of Directors and it was here He had begun the establishment of that his rich endowment as a scholar schools and has issued a decree makshone. His influence led to many re- ing education compulsory. The Emforms in the conduct of the work. He

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

peror promises that the future devel- workers are overwhelmed by the situaopment of the empire will be "inspired tion. Over 60 new outstations were by scientific principles." The Emperor, added in three weeks. heir apparent and foreign diplomats all signed the new Constitution. One young catechist has 14 villages under him, and in each village there A New Mass Movell1ent are anywhere from one to three hun- dred people clamoring for instruction T OKOJA is well known to all inter- in the Christian religion. L ested in the history of Northern The head chief of this Bassa dis- Nigeria. The now overgrown and trict, who is a Moslem, offered to build desolate site mentioned in "The Ro- a house and school free of all cost to mance of the Black River," still known the Society if only they would go and in Africa as Victoria, was the first live among them. foothold given to the British in the vast Northern Nigeria 91 years ago. The Sunday morning attendance at Looking across the broad expanse of church in one town rose from an averthe Niger and Benue from that spot age of 70 to 500 one Sunday, 800 the one can see the town of Gbebe, where next, and the following Sunday there the fir·st converts to Christianity were were over 1,000! baptized in 1862. Progress in East Africa Lokoja was the place chosen by pioneers from which to reach out to Bida T HE Anglican Bishop on the Upper .and the vast unevangelized north. The Nile, Dr. A. L. Kitching, gives a C. M. S. has two churches in Lokoja in vivid picture in the Church Missionary which services are held in four differ- Outlook of the wonderful progress in ent languages every Sunday. The the Elgon Mission, a Kenya Colony clergyman in charge is the son of an field occupied thirty-one years ago. At African martyr who was killed by present there are 13,000 inquirers poisoned arrows when preaching the under regular instruction for baptism, Gospel. There is an excellent school and 54,000 people of all ages meeting with over 200 pupils. day by day in the "bush" schools, as the most elementary type of school is The work in the surrounding dis- called. trict calls for much prayer. A mass movement and a martyrdom took place The Christian community numbers here within two months. 77,000, and out of that number 2,100, 01' one in every thirty-seven, are en- A young Yoruba prophet whom "the gaged in some form of church work. Lord took," not from "foJIowing the To equip these workers for their task flock," like Amos, but from driving a is a most important matter. The idea steamroller, gave up his lucrative job of service is very real to Elgon Chrisand started preaching. His theme was tians, the majority of these 2,100 confession and repentance of sin and workers being supported by the Afribelief in Jesus. He possesses the gift can Christian community, assisted by of healing, and wonderful cures have government grants for the betterbeen effected. Thousands of people qualified schoolmasters. have flocked to him, bringing their sick ones with them. Hundreds have Lovedale Anniversary confessed their sins of witchcraft, thousands have publicly burned their I N JULY, Lovedale Institute in idols, while Moslems have given up South Africa celebrated its ninetheir rosaries. These people are now tieth anniversary. The Institute was clamoring for Christian instruction. named in memory of the Rev. Dr. John Love who, when quite a young man in In the Bassa country the entire London, wrote a circular letter calling heathen population have given up together a number of friends to contheir idols and are pouring into the sider whether Christian people in church. The little handful of C. M. S. Great Britain were not neglecting a

duty since they did not send the Gos- quest of the British Government in pel to the peoples of Africa and other 1928, because the efforts to suppress lands. As a result of that circular and opium smuggling had failed. In the the meeting which followed, there was fifteen oountries visited there are founded the London Missionary So- nearly 350,000 legal smokers of opium ciety in 1795; of that Society Mr. and at least more than twice as many Love became the first Secretary. In illegal smokers. The Governments con- 1800 he removed to Glasgow and, while cerned derive £9,000,000 from its sale there, became in 1807, Chairman of every year. Smugglers make as much the Glasgow Missionary Society, and and more. The Commissiun makes from 1809 until his death in 1825 he several suggestions at the end of its was secretary of it. Lovedale was report: There must be more continu- given its name to commemorate Dr. ous international cooperation. There Love. must be far more scientific and med- Good News from. Minga ical research. Credit for purchases should not be given to any smoker. REV. J. J. DAVIS, missionary in The price should be kept so low as to charge of the evangelistic depart- make smuggling unprofitable. Lastly, ment of the Southern Methodist work there should be a permanent League at Minga, in the Belgian Congo, sends Opium Office in the Far East.-Indian the following encouraging report: Witness.

During the past year we have traveled Coming Student Volunteer Convention over the Minga District about 450 miles, preaching the Gospel, interviewing chiefs, BUFFALO has been chosen for the' and trying to encourage the native evan- forthcoming Quadrennial Convengelists. We have preached 212 times tion of the Student Volunteer Moveduring the year, have received into the ment, December 30, 1931, to January church forty-two members, and have 3, 1932. This convention will probbuilt eight new churches. ably bring together fur five days be- The general state of the church is tween 3,500 and 4,500 students from better than at the beginning of the year. 750 to 800 colleges, universities, and Some have come saying that they wanted professional schools throughout Canto give up all their superstitions and ada and the United States. false beliefs. . Many native evangelists show a genu- The program is being built around ine desire to have the fire of God in their the theme, "The Living Christ in the hearts and to help others find Christ as World of Today." The aim will be to their Saviour and friend. present to students a comprehensive view of the world, the enterprise of MISCELLANEOUS Another Million TestlU11ent Cam.paign T HE recent Million Testaments Christian missions at work in the Campaign for Latin America has world, and what students must do to reached its goal. More than 38,000 help the Church in its missionary task contributions from 20,000 donors fi- at home and abroad. Speakers will in- nanced the project. Previous to the clude missionaries and mission board Latin America campaign there was a secretaries, leading Japanese, Chinese, similar effort in China. It is now pro- and other Christian nationals. Dr.

posed to carry out a Million Testa- Paul Harrison of Arabia, Dr. John ments campaign for the students in Mackay of South America, and Mr.

the United States and Canada, supply- D. D. T. Jabavu 'of South Africa are ing all institutions of learning with among those who have agreed to par- attractively bound New Testaments. ticipate.

League of Nations and Opium. During the Student Volunteer Move- ment's history, over 12,500 Student T HE new League Report on Opium Volunteers have gone out as mission- Smoking in the Far East brings aries to foreign lands and thousands out several hitherto unknown facts. of others have entered into Christian The Commission was set at the re- service in North America.

WORTH

~~ Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Making of Modern Missions. By tells, simply, and powerfully, the story Stacy R. Warburton. 8vo. 196 pp. of the pains through which Africa has $1.50. Revell. New York. 1931. begun to emerge, birth pains of her own suffering and the pain of those No one can understand fully the who gave life that she might live. We progress of civilization who does not meet the pioneers of the "White Man's know the facts of religious history- Graveyard," men like Paull, Wilson, especially of Christian missions. This Nassau, Good. We see them walking religious influence and progress goes the palm-fringed shore and the long back to the dawn of history and Chris- trails of the forest, enduring the heat tian missions began with the advent of of the day, the chill of night, the del- Christ. The situation in the world to- uge, the drought, the loneliness; we day is the result of the acceptance or see them sustained in all and through rejection of Christ's program, ignor- all by the "durable satisfactions" until ance or compromise concerning the they poured out their last measure of Gospel and its implications. devotion in death.

Prof. Warburton has given us a Part II is a more personal narrative. very careful and thoughtful study of Mr. Wheeler takes us on a personally the significance, the purpose and the conducted tour down the West Coast, development of Christian missions. along shores once ·so familiar to the These six chapters present a philos- slavers, into the jungle and out on the ophy of missions-discussing their other side into the tall grass. Attensignificance, aim, methods and author- tion is directed to the laudable work of ity. The author rightly holds that the the French Government in combating aim of missions is to present Christ sleeping sickness, "the scourge of as the only sufficient Saviour from sin Africa." A short chapter on apes, and its consequences. He is unique with which the author became very and the final authority for proclaiming familiar, is included. the Gospel to all.

The Words of God in an African Forest. The larger part is devoted to the work of the Pre.sbyterian mission. We WTheestSAtofrryicao.f aBnyAWm.eRriecganinaMldissWiohneeiln- visit stations in the Cameroun and er. 8vo. lIlus. 318 pp. $3. Revell. New York. Spanish Guinea where the work was made possible through the efforts and The African has a tale of a man who sacrifices of the pioneers, and there we set a trap in the forest. Each animal catch intimate glimpses of the modern . caught raised its voice at the uplifted missionary at work: doctor, teacher, spear saying, "Don't kill me; some- printer, builder, minister.

thing better is coming!" The patience To the missionary the book brings a of the man was finally rewarded. quickening of the pulse, a renewing of vows; to the friend of missions it Here is a book for which we have offers cause for thanksgiving fo r the been waiting. It takes us through one evidences of the Kingdom of God comhundred years of a mission in Africa ing in West Africa.-J. MeN. -"emerging Africa." The author 797

Tanganyika's New Day. By the Rt. Rev. The Japan Mission Year Book. Edited G. A. Chambers. 68 pages. Is. Church by L. J. Shafer. 8vo. 449 pp. Yen Missionary Society. London. 1931. 2.50 (U. S. A. $1.50). Kyo Bun Kwan. Tokyo. 1931. A description by the Bishop of Central Tanganyika of an African "dio- The outstanding feature-s of this cese including 2,000,000 out of the 4,- year book are the reviews of the gen- 300,000 Africans who comprise the eral Christian situation by the Rev. native population of the territory, the A. Ebizawa, the relation of Christianinhabitants of an area 200,000 square ity to Shintoism by Dr. Toyohiko Kamiles in extent." The missionary re- gawa, the story of the missionary situsponsibility for service in this area ation by the Rev. W. G. Hoekji and has been accepted by the Federal Coun- student thought and Christianity by cil of the Australian Church Mission- Prof. S. Nakajima. There are over ary Society, and Bishop Chambers, an twenty-five chapters on Christianity Australian, in 1927 was consecrated at and Education, Social Reform, Liter- Canterbury as the first Bishop of this ature, Religion and the general situa- tion in Japan. Two chapters are diocese. devoted to Formosa-evangelism in North Formosa and work among the Tanganyika is a mandate held by aborigines. There are also five appen- Great Britain under the League of dices and various directories and tables Nations and Bishop Chambers' brief of statistics. -The chapters are well volume presents a clear picture and a worth reading and give the most genconcise summary of the work which eral up-to-date and authoritative in- Australian missionaries are carrying formation in existence in regard to on with and for the native peoples of Christianity and its impact upon Jathis African mandate.-W. R. W. pan. There are now 58 missionary bodies working in Japan and two in Beautiful Gold-A Story of Burma. By Formosa, with 1,198 foreign mission- Robert Bruce Thurber. 12mo. 211 pp. aries and 5,573 native Christian em- $1.50. Revell. New York. 1931. ployed workers. These have founded 2,155 organized churches and gath- Hla Shway (translated "Beautiful ered 214,970 baptized Christians. Gold") was a Burmese maiden of many There is the usual alphabetical list of adventures. Left an orphan when a missionaries and mission stations. young girl, she escaped the evil designs of men and the dangers of man-hunting Bahaism; Its Origin, History and Teachtigers. She was very beautiful but ings. By William McElwee Miller. Indeveloped leprosy and wandered far to troduction by Robert E. Speer, D.D. secure the famous kalow bean from 12mo. 214 pp. Revell, New York. which comes chaulmoogra oil which 1931. was reputed to cure the dread disease. She found the bean, a friend, a mis- One of the modern religious movesion hospital, a trade, a lover and ments which has left a considerable above all found Christ her Saviour. impression upon the Near East, espe- The story of how she sought and found cially in Persia, and strangely enough are graphically told and the story in its later developments upon some breathes a Burmese atmosphere of individuals and circles in the West, town and jungle. The leprosy cure is assumed that of Bahaism. In its short a little too -speedy and too certain to history of less than 100 years it has 'correspond with fact-as is possibly assumed many forms. In the middle true also of her quick conversion to of the last century it appeared under Christ. There is also an error in the the name of Babism, from the title statement that there are no lepers in Bab (the Gate) appropriated by its the United States. But the story is a martyred founder and head, Mirza Ali good, interesting, wholesome tale Muhammad of Shiraz, Persia. It soon which also throws light on life in Bur- spread rapidly but secretly (due to ma.

BOOKS WORTH READING

persecution) into all parts of that tributed by two missionaries in Per- country. Less than twenty years after sia. The first was by Dr. S. G. Wilson the violent death of the Bab however, called "Bahaism and its Claims," pub- one of his disciples, Baha'u'llah set up lished in 1915. This new presentation the claim to be a new "Manifestation of the subject supplements Dr. Wil- of God," of whom the Bab was only a son's interesting and scholarly work.

forerunner or John the Baptist. With and brings the story down to date, incredible suddenness the followers of putting its history and theology into the latter ,switched to the new incar- a form accessible to the ordinary nation with his abrogating revelation, reader. Mr. Miller's knowledge of the and since that day the Babi faith has vernacular, which has given him ac- been superseded by its spiritual child, cess to Persian literature, as well as the Bahai. English and French, his personal con- Born in Persia, with its roots deep tacts with Bahais on the missionary in the religious ideas, endemic in Shi- field, and his visit to Shoghi Effendi.

ite Mohammedanism, of divine incar- the present head of the faith, enables nations or manifestations and of him to speak with precision and au- prophetic cycles or returns, it has thority. The result is a bOQk that is gradually changed its character clear, direct, readable, thoroughly in- through the efforts ·of Baha'u'llah and teresting to anyone who cares about his son Abbas Effendi to speak (at modern religious movements. At the least to occidental ears) a more uni- same time its thoroughness and care- versal language. Discarding for its ful documenting of all statements western audience some of its Shiite makes it very satisfactory to scholars.

jargon, so unmeaning to most of us, That the author finds little to com- it is now proclaiming the approved and mend in the character of the religion unoriginal ideas of "oneness of the and in its record is no proof of his human race," "international peace," "missionary prejudices." It is rather "the equality of men and women" and the attitude, we feel, that all must "universal education." But back in take who know the facts. It is a good its old home in the East Bahaism is book to give to anyone interested in still in theological terminology and the history of religion, but especially spirit essentially a sect of Islam. Ex- to put into the hands of those in cept for the enthusiasm and devotion America and England who have been of many of its early followers and swept away by the appeal Bahaism is their missionary and martyr spirit, making (for western consumption) in few religions have offered less of the behalf of humanism, internationalism bread of life for the spiritual hunger and racial brotherhood. R. M. L.

of mankind. Its theology is absurdly imaginary and mystical; its practical "Out of the Depths"-The Life-Story of inj unctions legalistic, barren, trivial; Henry F. Milans. By Ensign Clarence its history one of bitter contentions W. Hall, with Foreword by Evangeline for personal supremacy that have not C. Booth. 224 pp. $1.50. Revell. 1930.

stopped short of assassination, mutila- This is a complete account of the tion and forgery of documents, and marvelous work of the grace of God wholesale misrepresentations. in the absolute deliverance of an edu- The story of this strange movement cated drunken bum, literally brought in its earliest stages was written in up "out of the depths" through the French by the Count de Gobineau; Salvation Army. It gives thrilling later in much fuller form was told in evidence of the precious truth that English by the gifted, scholarly and salvation is by faith in the Lord Jesus sympathetic Dr. E. C. Browne of Christ. It is a marvelous case, splen- Cambridge University. In America didly written and full of fine touches.

valuable volumes on the principles and So sudden and complete was the practices of Bahaism have been con- change in this man that it confirms

faith in the power of Jesus, through day to other communions and the atti- His death to save the worst. Here is tude of the people of the young Re- the whole story of Henry Milans- public toward the social problems parentage, work on the newspapers of which grew out of the common use of New York, the grip of the awful habit, alcoholic liquors and the institutions falls, loss of everything, the awful life of slavery. An exhaustive bibliography on the Bowery, given up by the doc- makes the book of great value to stu- tors as a hopeless alcoholic. Then the dents. A second volume, soon to be love of God shown in the workers of published, will tell of Presbyterians the Salvation Army, the act of faith, and Congregationalists during the the great change, the noble struggle, same period. B. G. J.

the regaining of his position, and Bible Characters in the Koran. By John home. Finally we read of the conse- Walker. 136 pp. 68, 6d. Paisley. crated zeal of Mr. Milans in the work London. 1931. he is now carrying on, witnessing and writing innumerable letters to save To those who desire a brief introothers. It is unforgettable! There is duction to a fascinating subject we pardon and love and hope for the heartily recommend this little volume. worst sinners in any land! Hallelujah! It is generally known that there are many references, especially to Old FRANK LUKENS. Testament Bible characters, in the Religion on the American Frontier-The Koran. The author presents these in alphabetical order from Aaron to Baptists 1783-1830. A collection of Zacharias. As he points out in his source material. By William Warren Preface, his object was "to present in Sweet. 652 pp. Holt. New York. 1931.

This is the first of a series of vol- an accessible form all the Biblical perumes, projected from source materials sonages who are mentioned either dicovering the full story of American rectly or indirectly by Mohammed in Christianity. It deals with the expan- his Koranic utterances. The Koran itself is such a medley of fantastic ficsion of Baptists into the territory be- tion and apocryphal illusions that it is tween the Alleghany Mountains and interesting to separate the biblical the Mississippi River, from the close elements from the rest…… The great of the Revolution to the year 1830. Arabian prophet, it must be remem- Its author is professor of History of bered, never received our canonical American Christianity in the University of Chicago Divinity School. The Scriptures. He had to depend on early chapters discuss the status of the garbled accounts, on Talmudic legends Baptists in America at the close of and fantasies; on the reports of false gospels; on the figments of Jewish the Revolution; Baptist migration and Christian proselytes; and on any and expansion westward; the frontier oral informatIon that might be given Baptist preacher and the frontier Bap- to him by the members of his housetist church; the rise of the antimission Baptists, and anti-slavery hold or the companions of his travels." movements among Baptists. The A similar compilation appeared some larger part of the book makes avail- years ago by a Moslem convert in able a rare collection of documents India, but that was merely a series of selected from manuscripts and out-of- Koran passages. Mr. Walker gives in print sources, such as records and addition SQme excellent critical notes.

biographical material from the diaries S. M. Z.

of frontier preachers and the minutes The Preaching Value of Missions. By of early Baptist churches and associa- Helen Barrett Montgomery. 166 pp. tions in Kentucky and Illinois. These $1. Judson Press, Phila., Pa.

documents illuminate the discipline of The author is well known for her the local church membership, the re- deep interest in the subject and her lation of the Baptist churches of that experience in winning others for the

enterprise. She gives six The Twenty-third Psalm. By John Mc-

reasons why the study and teaching "'eill. 12mo. 94 pp. 28, 6d. Pickering of Missions are valuable-"for the and Inglis. London. 1931. pastor's own spiritual welfare, for the revivifying of the Christian life of the Dr. McNeill, the well-known and genial Scotch preacher, has a gift for church, for the rekindling of a living picturesque exposition and illustrafaith in the fundamental truths of the tion. He here sets forth graphically Gospel, for opening the springs of and with many colloquial Scotch saygenerosity in the church membership, ings, the cheering statements of the for developing the heroic and the sac- Shepherd's Psalm as six strings of the rificial in Christian experience of the psalmist's harp on which he plays whole church, and for development of heavenly music. It is a comforting, a true world outlook and international strengthening exposition-not deep interest in both pastor and people." but true and refreshing.

After having shown the value, Mrs. The Lord's Day or Sabbath. By Norman Montgomery presents a study of Mis- C. Deck. 12mo. 157 pp. 38. Pickersions in the Old Testament, in the ing and Inglis. London. 1931. New Testament, and in history. The neglected field of Mission biography, Many missionaries are troubled by as an inspiration for the pulpit and the Old Testament legalistic teachings the pew, is pointed out together with of Seventh-Day Adventists who have methods for building up a missionary- entered their field and seek to draw minded church. It is astonishing to away Christian converts who have find no reference to missions to Mo- learned that salvation comes by works. hammedan lands; the bibliography, This is a clear and convincing study of which is fairly good, has the same the question as to whether Christians blind spot. The lectures were delivered should observe the seventh day as the at Newton Theological Seminary so Sabbath or the first day of the week that the omission may be accounted as the Lord's Day. Missionaries will for by the fact that the Baptists of find it clear and helpful.

North America have no work in Mos- The Message of the Home Mission Congress lem lands. s. M. Z. of the United Presbyterian Church of North America. Pittsburgh, Pa. 1931.

The Spirit Filled Life or the Lord, the A strong program and powerful ad- dresses from leaders in many branches Spirit. By George Goodman. 12mo. of the Christian Church made up the 216 pp. 38. Pickering and Inglis. Lon- don. 1931.

The Holy Spirit is far too widely Congress held in Pittsburgh last May.

"grieved," neglected and unknown Anyone interested in Home Missions among Christians today. Few of them and Christians interested in the pro- know the teaching of the New Testa- gram of Christ will be stirred and in- ment on this important subject They structed by reading these messages.

do not know whether to speak of Here, in eleven addresses, one may "Him" or "It" and do not realize His gain light on many topics, such as, the nature or His work in the Church to- new frontiers in Home Missions- day. Mr. Goodman presents here a largely in our cities and unchurched Biblical study of the subject in forty areas; we are impressed by Dr. W.

brief chapters. It is not a new pres- E. McCulloch with the magnitude and entation or a philosophical or the- importance of the Home Mission ological treatise but it is a very prac- Task; we see, through the eyes of Dr.

tical and illuminating study. What a C. B. McAfee, America against the transformation would come in the background of the World; we study Church and in individuals if these with Rev. Carl Wallace Petty, the place facts were made vital in everyday life of Home Missions in the modern world.

and work! The extent of the study and The ninety-six pages of this little its ramifications arz indicated by the pamphlet are packed full of fuel and fact that the index contains over 100 fire for pastors who wish to preach subtopics. Home Mission sermons.

to Others Real Value. The MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

carries the Christmas spirit and message all the year round. It will be welcomed and may be a blessing to Pastor Missionary Leader Missionary A Personal Friend Teacher Christian Worker Your friends will enjoy the fellowship of such well-known Christian writers as Robert E. Speer, Arthur J. Brown, John R. Mott, Wm. 1. Chamberlain, Helen Barrett Montgomery, Samuel M. Zwemer, John McDowell and missionaries from every land.

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