The Missionary Review of the World — January 1917

EXTENT OF THE WORLD

This remarkable map deserves study. It shows the number of races and nations engaged in the great European War. These people and religions, divided by worldly strife, are being united by the Christian Campaign for Winning the World to Christ.

MISSIONARY

EVlEW~ VOL. JANUARY, 1917 NUMBER. ONE XL SIGNS OF THlE TIMES GOD'S VIEW OF THE WORLD I F men could but view this world as God sees it nineteen hundred years after the coming of His Son to save the world, the vision would be illuminating and transforming. We might be unable to endure the sight of the degradation, cruelty, selfishness, the worship of mammon, such as prevails not only in Africa, in India and China, but in Latin lands and Russia and among the multitudes in more enlightened Germany, Britain and North America. What would we learn of God's view of the war which is drenching three continents in human blood? What would be our transformed vision of commercial warfare and of social standards? How changed would be our views, even of much of the so-called religious activity of the day. If we saw only the vice, the selfishness, the enmity, the ignorance and formalism of the world the result would be pessimism and despair.

The world is sick unto death. Without some outside help, there is no hope. But, thank God, there is a remedy proyided. This remedy is committed to the custody of the followers of Christ, the Great Physician. God Himself is applying it to the healing of the nations.

In a vision of the world as it is there is despair and death; in a vision of God and His Gospel there is hope and life.

A glimpse of the nations as they are to-day shows the unspeakable need of all mankind for the transforming remedy of the Gospel, but it also shows that men are hungry for life and many are Christlike.

THE SITUATION IN EUROPE O N the Continent that has longest been considered Christian, we see, on the one hand, twenty millions of men fighting one another with all the deadly ingenuity of their God-given intelligence. There are nearly another twenty million dead on the battle-fields,

wounded in hospitals or prisoners of war. There are widows and orphans without number-enough to stir the hardest heart to pity. The war has brought untold loss to Christendom in the $75,000,000 a day wasted; in the millions of men turned from pursuits of peace to those of war; in the depopulation of institutions of learning, the missions closed and missionaries deported or killed. One British Society alone has thirty men in the trenches, and many German Societies have more.

But, in spite of the awful results of the conRict, there is a brighter side. The hearts and pocketbooks of men have been opened as never before to relieve human suffering. America has sent over $40,000,000 for relief, and Britain has given much more, while little Holland has become one vast guest house for the Belgians. The Y. lVl. C. A. huts are helping hundreds of thousands of soldiers in the field and prison camps. Ten million Testaments and Gospels have been given to soldiers, and multitudes in the face of death have found the Way of Life. The work for Belgian soldiers and for Russian prisoners in Germany is especially noteworthy. The Gospel work in France has been hindered by the Roman Catholics, but in Italy the Waldensians have borne faithful witness, and Scriptures have been freely distributed. A Christmas ship bearing hundreds of tons of food and other necessities sailed from America on December 18th for the relief of Armenians and Syrians.

Another bright spot in the dark picture of Europe is the movement against intoxicants. Russia has already reaped untold benefit from the prohibition of vodka. In one year the amount in savings banks increased tenfold, and last year .three times as much was deposited in one month as the total in the savings banks before the prohibition. Banks have now been opened in Russian churches. The effect is also seen in the physical, mental and spiritual betterment of the people. France has benefited by her edict against absinthe and is now planning to prohibit all strong drink except beer and lig.ht wines. Naturally this is arousing oppOSItIOn. It is rumored that the new Cabinet in Great Britain may at last take steps to bring about national prohibition. A petition eleven miles long in favor of such action was recently presented to Parliament. It was signed by two million Britons, many of them laboring men who have been reputed to be opposed to such a measure.

The British missionary societies have wonderfully maintained their work in spite of the drain imposed by the war, and some of them have, in addition, taken over the care of German missions in India and elsewhere.

As Christmas draws near the rumors of movements toward peace are renewed. Germany has signified her readiness to enter into negotiations and to join a movement for the maintenance of world-wide peace. Another European government has set an example of foresightedness for Denmark has appointed a commission to study the effects of the war. It would he well if missionary societies would follow this example.

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CONDITIONS IN AFHICA E VERY part of the Dark Continent has been affected by the Euro- pean conflict. Egypt has been the home of hundreds of thou- sands of soldiers, of 5,000 Armenian refugees, and thousands of Jews from Palestine. In the midst of restlessness the missionary work has continued unabated. Dr. Zwemer and Rev. Stephen Trowbridge 11ave conducted evangelistic services for soldiers and refugees. The work for Moslem students has been increasingly fruitful through newspapers and public addresses. One daily paper has even consented to publish without cost the weekly expositions of the Sunday School lessons. At Khartum the head of Gordon College has resigned, and one result may be a change in the policy which has made it practically a Moslem institution to the exclusion of Christianity.

All of North Africa has naturally been disturbed by the Moslem unrest. German colonies in the west and southwest have been captured by the Allies and German mission work interrupted. German East Africa is as yet only partially occupied, and the desultory warfare continues.

While the political situation in Africa is unsettled, the religious future also hangs in the balance. Islam and Christianity are struggling for the mastery of the pagan tribes. Already one-third of the Africans are counted as Moslem, 4,000,000 of whom are south of the Equator. The Moslem merchants spread their religion, while those from Christian lands too often spread deviltry. Great stretches of land and millions of Africans are still untouched by Christian missionaries, and a few years will determine whether Christ or Mohammed will prevail over African ignorance and fetishism and sin. The people will be more difficult to win as Moslems than as pagans.

There are also many bright stars in the African night. In Uganda the great work still continues, and the native Church grows in extent and power. In West Africa the mission of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., in spite of the war continues to grow. At one station 8,000 attended communion service, and in the church at Elat 7,500 confessed Christ in one year. Of these, 5,000 were won by native workers. There are also 15,000 reported on the "waiting list" in catechumen classes. In British Central Africa, also, Rev. Donald Fraser, of the United Free Church of Scotland Mission, reports large ingatherings.

THE WAR AND ISLAM O NLY two religions have been vitally influenced by the war, Chris- tianity and Islam. The followers of these two religions num- ber nearly one-half the population of the world. As to Christianity, the war has revealed the fact that had all Christians lived up to the full measure of their profession, the war would not have occurred.

The world for the first time has come to realize that Christianity possesses that which, if properly and effectively applied, would prevent war.

Islam, on the other hand, has been brought face to face with the fact that its boasted unity no longer exists.

Mohammedans are to-day fighting in the armies of all of the contending nations and upon both sides. However much the excuse of a "holy war" may be cited as the reason why good Mohammedans are facing each other in deadly conflict, the leaders know that no holy war exists, and that Moslem is fighting Moslem simply because he owes allegiance to countries that are at variance. He regards his national allegiance as more binding than the commands of his religion.

It has been taken for granted that a call to a holy war issued to the Moslems of the world by the Sheikh of Islam and the Caliph of Islam would precipitate a religious conflict surpassing in extent and cruelty anything recorded in history. Two years ago, however, when this call was given from Constantinople, there was no earnest response, even in Constantinople itself. Protest arose from the 67,000,000 of Moslems in India, from Morocco, from Egypt, from Abyssinia and other countries, while the Mohammedans fighting with the Allies in France and with the armies of Russia continued as before, and the Moslems of Egypt and India reaffirmed their loyalty to England.

The most severe blow to Islam comes from the uprising of the Grand Sherif of Mecca, the keeper of the sacred shrines of Islam, who, with a strong body of Arab followers, has captured the' sacred shrines and issued a proclamation to the Moslems of the world that the day of independence and freedom has dawned, and that Mecca and Arabi:! are free from Turkish dominion.

The Moslem dream of world conquest and of universal rule has already vanished, as they become conscious of the fact that there is not sufficient power in their religion to hold them together in a united body when other and conflicting interests invite to division.

Extensive quotations might be made from Mohammedan writings showing how widely extended is this disaffection among Moslems. Aga Khan, speaking as the head of the Moslems in India, nearly one-third of the Moslems of the world, said: "Now that Turkey has so disastrously shown herself a tool in German hands, she has not only ruined herself but has lost her position as trustee of Islam, and evil will overtake her." A Zanzibar paper (Arabic) says: "The pillars of the East are tottering, its thrones are being destroyed, its power is being shattered and its supremacy is being obliterated. The Moslem world is divided against itself." The most influential Moslem daily paper in Cairo, Egypt, said: "The interfering on the part of Turkey in the present conflict was uncalled-for foolishness, and by her actions Turkey has forfeited her right to the Caliphate."

Owing to the divisions cast into Mohammedanism through events connected with this war, Moslems recognize no central Mohammedan

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power, no caliph, and have lost their cherished hope of ultimate Moslem triumph as the ruling religion and natural force in the world. No one can estimate the full import of the present breaking up of the unity and solidarity of Islam.

SOCIAL CHANGES IN PERSIA SCENES are being enacted to-day in Asia and Africa that seemed impossible a generation ago. The Moslem women were rigidly secluded and Moslem homes were closed to Christians. Women and girls were left illiterate, as their education was considered useless and dangerous. To-day many Moslem girls attend Christian schools, and among some Mohammedans there is a growing sentiment in favor of the abolition of the zenana and the veil.

One evidence of a social, if not of a religious change, in changeless Persia is mentioned by Rev. E. T. Allen, of Urumia, in a recent letter.

"Not long ago," he writes, "the whole of the station force was invited to the Moslem home of the late Nasr-il-Mulk by his daughter, who is a graduate of the Moslem department of Fiske (Presbyterian) Seminary. Gentlemen and ladies mingled freely with the oldest son, now head of the house, and with the daughters and other Moslem women of the household. All sat together at dinner, spread on the floor in true Persian fashion."

In this connection it is interesting to note the celebration of the first anniversary of the return of the Russian army to Urumia after the defeat of the Turks. In the city and in many of the villages the Christians gathered to hear eulogistic speeches and long home-made poetry prepared by local rhymsters, to sing folk songs and dance folk dances. All the missionaries were invited to the village of Geoghapa, where the gala day was held largely in honor of the salvation of the village through the efforts of Dr. Packard, who, in January, 19 I 5, interceded with the Kurds for the life of the people of this village in U rumia plain. He prevailed and saved one thousand lives.

JAPAN'S NEED AND RESPONSE I N Japan the need is increasingly felt for a religion that gives moral stamina to the nation. The scandals in the Government have led many to distrust the power of Buddhism, and the infidelity and immorality among students and among public officials reveals the need of regeneration. Captain Bechel, who has been for seventeen years traveling about in Japan, investigated I07 districts, and found 96 of them pestilentially immoral. He reports that phallic worship is still practised in many Buddhist shrines, and that in some districts almost all the adults are tainted with immorality. He continues: "Where the priests, of whom I personally know many, are acknowledged to be worse than blind leaders of the blind, how shall they help? Where a principal of a school can marry and divorce three wives,

his first having died in eighteen months; where another can have several paramours with the knowledge of parents and children alike; where another man can put away his wife because she is ill and take as wife a paramour inside of two weeks, with the assistance of his colleagues, how shall the educators protest? Vhere a leading doctor is publicly known to have several paramours and literally kicks his accomplished Christian wife about the house and out into the street, and still holds a large practice; where the local member of parliament has publicly two concubines; where the member of the provisional assembly has two wives and two homes and children in each, and travels with geisha; where the leading men, including the priests, sancho (chief of village), doctor, principal of the school, and leading business men can sell a girl of twelve years for ten yen, because her parents cannot support her and she may become a charge to the village, and no one but the one local Christian protests, who shall help ?"

At the same time, the evangelistic campaign has revealed unusual opportunities for the Gospel. Japan is electric with new life, and is more than ever responsive to a spiritual message. Now is the time for advance, when the Protestant missionaries are united in a forward movement and call for 500 new missionaries to "buy up the opportunity." The three years' evangelistic campaign of the Christian churches has been timely and effective. Missionaries write that evangelism in rural districts is especially hopeful and greatly needed. There are twenty-five' thousand villages in Japan, each with schools and in touch with the world through newspapers. There is intellectual progress but moral decay. Morality is pitifully low and the spirit of worldliness is supreme. Intemperance is growing, and many social evils are unchecked. The Christian forces in Japan are calling loudly for more help from the Church in America to help evangelize rural Japan.

In connection with this call, it is encouraging to hear from a missionary, Rev. H. P. Jones, of the thousands that are crowding to hear the Gospel in some districts where the opportunity is presented. He says: "In Kobe a few weeks ago I had the privilege of attending a number of meetings of the National Evangelistic Campaign. The first night, at the Congregational Church, the house was filled to its fullest capacity, and many were turned away. It seats nine hundred. The next night one of the largest theaters was filled-its seating capacity is two thousand-and the aisles were full, and many were turned away. Mr. Ando, the lay leader of the temperance movement in Japan, spoke for one hour. Then for another hour that packed house listened to Dr. Ebina, of Tokyo, quietly and without the least evidence of weariness. On the next day, which was Sunday, the Y. M. C. A. building, which seats 900, was filled to the limit in the morning, afternoon and evening. In a club house nearby a meeting was being held for children. By actual count there were over three thousand five hundred children in the building, a very large number of whom were not Sunday-school pupils. On Monday night, in the largest and most elegant theater, I found the people literally jamming

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the door trying to get in, and what was still more astonishing was a sign requesting Christians not to come into the building, so that non-Christians could have their seats. The seating capacity is two thousand, and many stood in the aisles. The police ordered the doors closed, pronouncing the house full. People kept coming for more than an hour and demanding entrance. Nothing like it was ever known in Kobe before.

"It is easy for one to overestimate the results of such meetings, but these big crowds without doubt indicate a decided change in the popular attitude toward the Gospel. Pray for strength for the workers in Japan."

To combat this impact of Christianity, the Buddhists have recently devoted one million yen ($5°0,000) to establish Buddhist Sunday Schools. They have in six months started over 800 such schools and. enrolled 120,000 children. They imitate Christian methods, adopt Christian songs to the praise of Buddha, and adopt Sunday-school programs.

THE PROBLEMS OF CHOSEN KO REA, the Japanese province of Chosen, is in a critical situation. Many material, judicial and educational improvements have been made that have put new possibilities before the people. They have been passing through the discipline of national sorrow and disappointment, but it may turn out to their spiritual advantage. Thousands of Japanese are pouring into the peninsula, and everywhere new life is manifested. The Japanese Christian Chul'Ch is taking Korea as a missionary field, and is also establishing churches among the Japanese colonists.

In the days of Korean independence the missionaries were given a free hand in the establishment of schools and in religious as well as secular instruction of pupils. Since the Japanese annexation, however, many difficult questions have been brought before the missionaries and Christian Koreans, because of the Japanese policy of J apanizing Koreans. The Japanese government order forbidding Christian instruction in mission schools is clearly intended to separate religion and education. Nominally ten years was granted to the mission schools to comply with this order, but apparently the Japanese government did not expect the missionaries to take advantage of this. Since the Protestant mission schools are fundamentally Christian, most of them have not seen their way clear to omit Christian instruction from the regular curriculum, and two Southern Presbyterian schools at Soon Chun and one Girls' Academy at Syen Chun have been discontinued. This is a great loss to the Korean Christians.

Another difficulty which has now arisen is in the Japanese regulation that ceremonial worship shall be observed by the schools before the picture of the Emperor annually on his birthday. To the Korean Christians this is looked upon as equivalent to ancestor worship, though the Japanese claim that it is simply a patriotic ceremonial. In the government schools teachers are required to bow daily before the picture of

the Emperor and the imperial rescript. Last year the order was sent out by the Japanese officials that the anniversary of the late Empress Dowager's death be celebrated in all the mission schools on Sunday by fitting ceremonies.

Another difficult question arises in connection with the use of J apanese text-books. The government has issued a small "School Text-Book on Morals," which every mission school has been ordered to use for instruction one hour a week. There are many excellent moral lessons in this text-book in regard to honesty, courtesy, etc., but there is also a chapter requiring worship at the graves of ancestors. In this chapter the Christian children are told that they must make an offering at their ancestors' graves and bow down before them. While reverence for ancestors is commendable, an act of worship such as would be rendered to the Deity is, of course, against the conscience of Korean Christians.

The students in Korean mission schools of academy grade of the Methodist and Presbyterian Churches number about 3,500, less than onetenth of whom are non-Christians. It would seem, therefore, that it would be a wise policy for the Japanese government to consider their conscientious scruples and to win them over to friendly loyalty to the Japanese government by avoiding any unnecessary conflict on religious grounds. It is earnestly to be hoped that the Japanese will favor a policy of friendly co-operation with missionaries, developing strength of character, coupled with loyalty to the Imperial government. The Christian missionaries are in the land to help make better citizens-more intelligent, more unselfish and more moral because more Godlike. It is hoped and believed that the Japanese government will put as few obstacles as possible in their way.

THE AWAKENING OF CHINA " CHINA," says Bishop Bashford, "is not only a giant awake, but is pacing the floor with growing pains." The whole nation seems alive to the need for modern education. Universities and lectures are crowded, and many of the leaders have been educated in mission schools. This gives Christianity an advantage. The death of Yuan Shih Kai and the accession of President Li Yuan Hung has brought a degree of quiet, and there is hope that the mighty nation will settle down to solving its problems. President Li is favorably disposed to Christianity, and since the modern ideas of politics and education are from the West, many are inclined to look favorably on the Western religion also. One student writes : "We accept the Western system of education, of science, and history and mathematics, why should we not also take the religion of Jesus Christ which comes from the West?"

The Bible classes started by Mr. Sherwood Eddy continue to flourish and to win Christian converts. The news of revivals come from many parts of the Republic. Mr. Arthu~ Polhill, of the China Inland Mission, writes, for example, from Eastern Szchuen, that in the dis-

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trict of Chengkow (still unoccupied) many of the wealthy are destroying their idols and are becoming inquirers. Temples in many parts of the Republic are being abandoned, and some of them are used for Christian Bible schools and evangelistic services.

Out of the bewildering confusion of political, social, industrial, intellectual and moral upheaval will come a new China, no longer facing the past but open-minded to the truth. A million school teachers are needed to teach China's sixty million pupils. What university will train them? An army of physicians and nurses is called for sanitation and healing ministry. The Christian Church has an unparalleled opportunity to supply those who will train these and other leaders of China's onward march. The best schools, colleges and medical schools are in the hands of the Christian missionary forces. These are in a unique position of power to mould the future of China.

THE MOVEMENTS IN INDIA THE war has seriously affected the work in India. Not only have some two hundred German Protestant missionaries been forced to leave the country or give up their work, but many British and Canadian missionaries have gone to the front as soldiers, physicians or to assist the Young Men's Christian Association work. Thus many of the mission stations are short-handed and the work suffers.

The term "mass-movement" has become a household word in mission circles. Large numbers of the low-caste and out-caste people are seeking relief from their intolerable condition by applying to the Christian Church for baptism. The pyramid of social structure in India is becoming unsettled at the base. Thousands are being born in a day, but need instruction and nurture to build them up into intelligent and useful Christians. There are signs of the gradual disintegration of the old social system, and one of the greatest object lessons to the higher castes is the transformation wrought by the Gospel in those whom they have despised as "untouchable."

The native Indian Church is growing in numbers and power, and union movements have been organized in South India and other districts to conduct evangelistic services and to carryon missionary work.

IN LATIN AMERICA M EXICO is still torn asunder by revolution and riot. In spite of the earnest efforts of the American-Mexican Commission, it seems that the time of peace has not yet fully come. When order is restored there are indications that a time of awakening will come such as Mexico has never k.nown. Already many of the people are eager for better things.

It may be that the leaders of the United States and of Mexico will not find the way of peace until they have exhausted the resources of war. It is to be hoped, however, that saner councils will pre-

vail. One effort in this direction was made by Manuel Rojas, Director of the National. Library in Mexico City, and other prominent Mexi- cans, together with representatives of the Peace Societies and social interests, in the formation of the Mexican-American League, with the following aims: To help bring about a new and constructive era 6f friendship between the people of Mexico and of the United States; to interpret and promote joint negotiations between the two governments with respect to border control and all other questions of public policy; to promote common understanding between the peoples of the two coun- tries, by giving publicity to the facts about Mexico and American rela- tions with the Mexican people; to secure an exchange of teachers and students, and to encourage the American universities and colleges to grant scholarships to Mexican students; to promote industrial and agri- cultural education in Mexico, and institutions for the training of com- petent teachers and leaders. .

This league has endeavored to increase confidence in the present de facto government in Mexico by calling attention to the social and economic reforms instituted by the Carranza government. The first decree issued by Carranza was one returning to the Indians the com- munallands of which they had been dispossessed. In the various states new agrarian laws now establish small land-holders, re-value properties condemned and purchased at a just value, and levy equitable taxes. One of the next steps was the restoration of free municipalities. Most of the states have passed labor laws establishing the eight-hour day and the forty-four-hour week, with a minimum wage and boards of con- ciliation and arbitration. Children under sixteen are not allowed to work in factories. In "many stat~s" the sale of alcoholic drinks has been repressed, and "in the whole of the republic bull-fights and cock- fights have been supplanted by popular games such as baseball, pelota, etc." It is asserted that there are twenty times as many schools as in the last term of Diaz, and Carranza has sent 500 school-teachers to the United States to learn modern methods.

Many Christians in the United States are firmly convinced that the most efficient and inexpensive army for the pacification of Mexico would be "a force of educators, teachers, doctors and sanitary engineers, farmers and agricultural experts, who will volunteer for terms of two or three years in the spirit of service such as we rendered Cuba at her time of crisis." An open letter issued by the Peace Committee of the Phila- delphia yearly meeting of Friends urges the press "not only to exert their power in supplying trustworthy information about Mexico, but also to take their true place in guiding the thought of America and the world along constructive lines of international service and good-will."

The Latin American Congress in Panama last February marked the beginning of a new era for South America. The remarkable "find- ings" of the regional conferences will be published in our February number. They are worthy of notice.

THE VAR HINDER MISSIONS?

T HIS question ought to be frankly faced, for it indicates an attitude toward which many seem to be drifting. Some considerations would seem to suggest holding in abeyance any aggressive missionary effort.

It is claimed that in these days of emergency every dollar of philanthropy not absolutely required for the maintenance of existing work should be diverted to the relief of physical distress occasioned by the war. But is it true that our Western world has reached the point where it must deal with its philanthropic activities in terms of mutually exclusive alternatives? Do the amounts contributed from America to Europe's need measure the limits of philanthropic duty or ability? The price of war to Great Britain alone is $7,444,000,000. Is a hundredth part of that amount a fair thank offering for an equally wealthy nation to give as the expression of its appreciation of peace? The appeal of Europe's need has brought considerable response, but this appeal has been to a wide constituency, unmoved in the past by special missionary motives, so that the loyal supporters of the missionary movement may still carry their peculiar obligations toward an enlarged missionary op-, portunity.

Some have interpreted events as barring the way to missionary effort. Is not Turkey inaccessible? Is not Persia in political upheaval? Are not the Armenians hopelessly scattered and disorganized? But do these facts spell retardation in missionary effort or only such readjustments of method as the temporary situation requires? This determination of courageous workers to "hold fast" in war-swept areas will yield rich values when the days of reconstruction come. But should there not also be a missionary preparation for a forward movement after the war?

It has also been urged that the very fact of war within Christendom is such a reproach that aggressive missionary effort may well await the rolling away of this reproach to Christianity by the cessation of war. A missionary among Moslems was asked recently, "How do you meet the reproach caused by war between Christian nations?" His reply showed that the very conception of war being a reproach was a Christian conception, the result of Christ's higher standards of love, 'and that to the Moslem no inconsistency or moral lapse was suggested by the war. If there be reproach, however, it is a reproach against man's application of the Gospel, not against Christianity or Christ. In the missiona ry propaganda we preach Him, not the virtues of Western nations; His teachings, not om! imperfect obedience to these teachings; Christianity, not vVestern civilization. If the Christian Church is to

wait until the reproach of warfare has been securely rolled away, how long shall she have to wait for the proclamation of the Gospel? The prophecies of our Lord do not identify the era of evangelism with some millennial era of peace, but urge the more zealous proclamation of truth in the very proportion in which existing conditions may belie the truth.

Has political uncertainty as to the future of the Near East suggested the temporary arrest of missionary activities and plans? It is true that the war has forced us to face at least the following contingencies as to political rule in the Near East: political control by Turkey, Germany, Russia, France or England. Would any of these mark the end of Christian missionary effort? There might be difficulties, such as the requiring of the language of the nation in power in all schools where a foreign language is taught. But, whatever the political rule and its regulations, excluding, of course, the (incredible) exclusion of all missionaries, is it to be supposed that the Church of Jesus Christ will consent to abandon her missionary work and deny to her Lord the obedience He demands to His great commission?

A CHALLENGE TO ADVANCE BUT weightier and more numerous facts challenge the Church to a forward missionary movement in the Near East. Look at the political debacle within Islam. Within a few decades, a series of divine providences, operating in the Near East, has brought about an almost complete overthrow of Moslem political power. In the past, Moslem political prohibitions have severely checked the desired extension of missionary operations in Moslem lands. Even when missionary effort was permitted, the fruitage of that work has been blighted or obscured by political penalties. Witness now the lands that have passed from beneath Moslem political domination within the past eight decades: Greece, Servia, Algeria, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Rumania, Cyprus, Tunisia, Crete, Egypt, Tripoli, Morocco, and now parts of Arabia and Persia. Do not such political upheavals challenge a forward movement which the Church should even now undertake?

Paralleling these external providences in the political sphere, there are most significant activities of the Holy Spirit moving upon the heart of Islam. Back of political prohibition, every missionary to Moslems has found religious fanaticism and hostility acting as a barrier to the progress of the Gospel within Islam. Reliable reports, however, bespeak a change in the attitude of Islam. A missionary in Egypt expresses it thus: "In days gone by we sought to gain a hearing and were refused. Now it is as if the Moslem himself were seizing the missionary by the coat, saying, 'What was it you used to want to tell us ? We want to have it explained.' "

A missionary from Turkey says that "eighty per cent of the Mos-

COMMENT

lems of Turkey are in sympathy with the missionaries, and are wholly opposed to the present Turkish administration."

The spirit of inquiry is also manifest in the number of Moslem children crowding to mission schools. Social customs in which Islam's ideals were entrenched are passing away. There is a fast-growing public press, which moves, for the most part, in the direction of Western ideals. These facts are full of significance. A new day is dawning, ushered in by the invisible yet irresistible operations of the Spirit of God upon the heart and life of Islam. Where God is and works, shall not His followers keep step with Him?

How, then, may we keep step with God? First, there should be the most determined holding on to every strategic position now occupied, the most insistent maintenance of every missionary activity in operation before the war.

Second, there is a clear call to missionary preparedness. A forward movement of unprecedented seriousness and commensurate with the need must be planned now for the evangelization of the world, if the opportunity impending at the close of the war is to be seized. This calls for the thrusting out of new missionaries who may put the present to good use in the study of the languages of their prospective fields, at suitable and secure centers. The Boards and Societies will gain from conferences both at home and on the field. Thus will each agency become enriched by the other's experience, and they will stimulate each other to worthier effort.

Above all, they will be able to do what has not yet been attempted in the history of missions in the Near East-align their forces and plan for a concerted and co-operative missionary effort. Especially is there need for conferences for prayer.. Fresh discoveries of spiritual power are imperative for the accomplishment of the task. A Christian consciousness of God and of His will must be experienced, which will produce, on higher and worthier spiritual levels, something of the passion and devotion which characterized the fiery apostles of Islam's fai~h in the bright morning of its early extension from Asia to Africa and from Africa to Europe.

JAPAN AND AMERICA-FRIENDS F OR more than half a century there was nothing but good will and friendship between Japan and the United States. But for ten years there has been growing up in each land a small body of men who have felt and fomented distrust, and there have been times when these men were able to communicate their distrust so that large sections of the press and many of the people began to fear that the two nations might even drift into war against all their best interests and true desires. How can we preserve fellowship and right understanding between the United States and Japan?

I. By resolutely determining both in Japan and in America that

we will preserve it, and that we will keep our heads and not be coerced by any circulllstances. There are some, like Congressman lVlann, who decl~re that destiny will bring on a conAict between the two nations. Destiny will set llS at each other's throats! But what is "destiny"? Is it the God of Peace, who made all mankind of one blood, to live as brothers on the earth? Is it our own wills? vVhy do we need to surrender to our own deeds? Why not will that we will not drift into the madness of hate and war? vVe do not need to be slaves to our own stupidity. We can will to be rational and to deal justly and to preserve friendship. The Japanese also can will this. We can tell each other, and all the marplots and weak-wills who think that men cannot restrain their injustice, that we mean to have peace.

2. By believing good and not evil about each other. We can begin by believing and saying both in Japan and in America that the honest and earnest people of each land want only peace and friendship. Judge Elbert H. Gary, who was recently in Japan, was a true messenger there and is a true messenger in America. At St. Louis in October he said: "I said repeatedly (in Japan) that a large majority of the people of the United States did not desire, but would deplore and stubbornly oppose, war with Japan, except in self-defense, and that they were of the opinion there is not now nor will be any cause for serious trouble or disagreement; that there need be no conflict of opinion which could not be finally and satisfactorily settled by mutual negotiation and consideration. I also expressed the belief that our Governmental Administration is and would be inclined toward this most desirable exercise of authority.

"And now I am here to say in words just as emphatic and in a belief no less absolute that the leading and controlling men of Japan are equally anxious to have a continuance, permanently, of the peaceable and friendly relations now existing between these two countries. That there may be exceptions may go without saying; it would be usual, and need excite no surprise nor fear if such is the fact. . . . The most prominent and influential men in Japan are outspoken in their profession of friendship toward the United States."

This is the way all responsible men should talk about our relations to Japan.

3. By acting justly in each land toward citizens of the other, the Japanese treating Americans justly in Japan and Americans treating J apanese justly in America. All we need to do is to do right. And we need to do right for our own sake. It will profit us nothing to try to benefit ourselves by wrongdoing. It cannot be done. What is right is a question to be considered calmly and without prejudice; but the problem of the rights of Japanese in California to own property, their right to acquire citizenship, their right of justly regulated admission to the United States, is a problem to be considered without racial prejudice or bigotry and on the basis of moral and economic justice to both Japanese and Americans.

4. By judging each other as we ourselves are willing to be judged. The trouble is that countless people apply one standard to themselves and to their own actions and another standard to the Orient. Conduct which we justify or excuse in a Western nation we reprehend in an Eastern. But

there are not two moral laws, one east and the other west, of Suez. Japanese and American conduct should be judged by the same laws, and whatever allowance is expected for one should be conceded to the other.

5. By each crediting the best in the other. We are accustomed to live up to other people's expectation of us. If they believe the highest of us we are uplifted to justify their judgment. If they think meanly of us we can too easily drop down to the level of their estimate. Americans can believe the best about Japan and see in and for Japan her own noblest possibilities. That is the best way to help Japan to be her best self and to realize what, by the grace of God, she can become. And Japan can help Americans by believing the best about American desires and purposes in spite of all the worst that obtrudes itself.

6. By doing right toward the neighboring nations, America toward Mexico, and Japan toward China. Any sinuous or insincere or selfish activity by either nation is injurious to good will and right understanding. If Japan or the United States is not ingenuous and generous and fair toward the nations nearest, each will suspect that the other may have the same disposition secretly-America toward Japan, and Japan toward America.

7. By carrying out the recommendation of the gathering of friends of Japan and China which met in N ew York in September (referred to in the November REVIEW), and which voted to ask the President of the United States "to recommend to Congress the creation of a non-partisan commission, of not less than five members, whose duty it shall be to study the entire problem of relations of America with Japan and with China, and further to recommend to Congress that it invite the government of China and the government of Japan each to appoint a similar commission," the American commission to meet the commissions of China and Japan in their respective countries.

8. Lastly, friends in the United States can help by showing kindness and courtesy to all Japanese visiting or living in America and by increasing the number of Christian men and women who go out to live in Japan to commend Christianity to the Japanese as the one religion which proclaims a God and Father of us all and which can make all nations one in the fellowship of Christ.

THE CALL TO NORTH AMERICA SOME outstanding characteristics of the year in North America have been the financial prosperity, the high prices and the unrest due to Mexican troubles and diplomatic controversies with European governments. The Christian forces have continued their usual work and gifts to European sufferers have been increasing. Hundre,ds of young men have gone to the Mexican border and to camps in Europe and Asia to work for the soldiers and prisoners. The Laymen's Missionary Movement has celebrated its tenth anniversary by over seventy conventions with an aggregate enrollment of over 100,000 men. They are planning a series of anniversary dinners for 19 I 7 to touch the

main centers in all parts of the United States. Most of the missionary boards report for last year increased gifts to missions, many of them having been able to wipe out entirely the past deficits. The total foreign mission receipts reported by one hundred and thirty societies in the United States was $24,688,728, and for sixteen Canadian societies was $1,266,040. This is an advance on last year.

N ever was there greater need for consecrated lives, for prayer, for sacrificial giving, for earnest study of the world from God's viewpoint. Pulpits should ring with the missionary call and hearts should be stirred by the accounts of the wonder-working of God's Grace. Unprecedented opportunities promise to follow the proclamation of peace and Christians must be ready to take advantage of them. Half a million teachers are needed for the new primary schools in India. Shall they be Christian or non-Christian? China needs 50,000 physicians. Christians have an opportunity to train them. Moslems have lost faith in their Caliph and the solidarity of Islam is broken. Peace will bring unheard-of opportunities to reach 200,000,000 Mohammedans. The great conflict for the possession of Africa for Mohammed or Christ calls for a whole-hearted advance "on our knees." Mexico and South America are to be occupied with a statesmanlike policy. Churches are beginning to realize the necessity for closer cooperation and for the kind of sacrifice that has characterized Europe during the war. Now is the time for the Church of Christ to prepare for an onward movement, giving largely of men and money, but relying not on these physical forces, but on the spirit of God moving with the hearts of men.

THE BRITISH MISSIONARY STATISTICS WE have inserted in this number a statistical table giving the figures for British Foreign Missions for the year 19 I 5-I 9 I 6. It has been a difficult task to gather these during the disturbed times in Europe. The same omnipresent reason-the war-has made it impossible to collect and tabulate the statistics for the continent of Europe. Letters of inquiry are not answered.

Many of the British societies have failed to respond with their statistics, so that in the case of 16 societies we have been obliged to have recourse to the latest figures available. The result is not entirely satisfactory, but since the leading societies have courteously furnished the desired information, the totals are approximately correct.

It will be noted that in spite of the heavy drain caused by the war the decrease of income in British societies has been only about onetenth. There has been a natural falling off in the number of male missionaries, but the number of adult converts reported by English societies as baptized during the year has increased from 42,966 to 48,580-or over ten per cent. Pupils in mission schools have also increased from 117,497 to 464,499. The table is worthy of study. When peace again reigns there is hope that complete and contemporary statistics may again be secured from all the continental societies.

Fifty Years Ago, and

BY EUGENE STOCK, D.C.L., LONDON, ENGLAND Dr. Stock was fOl' many years the efficient secretary of the Clzurcli Mission- ary Society of England. He fIGs placed all in his debt by his four volumes on tlte History of tlte Churclt klissionary Society and by his other writings. His view of the contrasts noted in fifty years is worth reading.-EDIToR.

I N endeavoring to indicate the changes in the missionary situation in the past half-century, I must confine myself mainly to Great Britain and British Missions.

1. CHANGES IN TIlE POSITION ABROAD AND AT HOME Fifty years ago takes us back into the middle of the sixties; and a better period could not be chosen for comparison with the present time. If we went farther back a few years, we should come to an era of great animation and advance. It will be remembered that Dr. A. T. Pierson used to refer to 1858 as the annus mirabilis of the century. I will not now stop to show why he chose that date. I will follow my instructions, and come at once to the next decade.

Now the sixties were, on the whole, a period of disaster, of discouragement, of decadence. This was emphatically the case in Africa. In the "Vest, the promising Yoruba Missions were suspended, the agents being expelled; and the Basel men in Ashanti were seized and imprisoned. So were the missionaries to the Jews in Abyssinia. On the East Coast, Ludwig Krapf's great schemes of advance into the interior had come to nought, and the "fort" was "held" by one German, John Rebmann. Livingstone's plans for the Nyasa district failed in the early years of the decade, and in the later years the great traveler was lost, until Stanley found him almost broken-hearted at the horrors of the still rampant Arab slave-trade. In the South, the Kafir wars, the gold fever, the Colenso controversy, caused confusion, and the London Missionary Society's Missions faced disaster and defeat. And let it be remembered that not a single one of the present great Missions in Central Africa had yet been born or thought of.

In Asia there was less of disaster, but much slowness. In the Turkish Empire, the hopes enkindled after the Crimean War had not been fulfilled. Persia was not yet really open. In Japan, Christianity was still prohibited. The great days of Korea were in the future. China had been devastated by the Tai-ping Rebellion, which had much impeded the Missions. They had, in fact, not yet advanced beyond the maritime provinces; and the China Inland Mission only started its great pioneer work at the end of the period. In Malaysia the work

was in its early stages. So it was in Burma, despite Judson's heroic carcer; while in Ceylon there was actual retrogression.

India, on the other hand, ought to have presented a different scene. For never at any other time has there been such a noble band of fearless Christian men among the British rulers and administrators. It was the age of John Lawrence, Robert Montgomery, Donald McLeod, Herbert Edwardes, Bartle Frere, William Muir, and a host of likeminded men under them. While entirely loyal to the just neutrality of the Government, they knew well that Hindus and Mohammedans alike accord special confidence and respect to rulers who are not ashamed of their own religion and who desire to see it spreading in legitimate ways. They were the cordial supporters of Missions, and would have welcomed unlimited re-enforcements for the gospel enterprise. When the first of aU the United Missionary Conferences in India was held at Lahore, in 1863, the civil and military officers present actually outnumbered the missionaries. But the re-enforcements failed to appear. The missionary recruits sent to India in the sixties by some of the larger societies were in number only half those sent in the fifties. And America was crippled by the Civil War.

In fact, the only Missions that presented a really bright outlook at the time were Madagascar, where the great revival was in full swing, and some parts of the South Seas, where it was the period of Patteson and Paton. It was a discouraging time also at home. Henry Venn, the great C. M. S. director, said in 1865 that missionary interest and zeal had distinctly retrograded. R. W. Dale, the distinguished Congregationalist, used similar language. It was even proposed to drop the evening meetings at some of the anniversaries because so few attended them. Some of the larger societies had actually fewer missionaries on their staffs in 1870 than they had in 1860. This was the more remarkable because it followed immediately on a memorable season of religious awakening. The revival in America in 1858 was succeeded by that in Ireland in 1859, whence it spread to England in 1860. Indeed, even before that, there was a marked increase of life and energy in home mission work. But the result apparently was that Christian effort was for a time so absorbed in the new philanthropic and evangelistic schemes that Foreign Missions secured less attention. Moreover, that decade was a time of bitter controversy, political and religious, which drew away the thoughts of good men from the needs of Africa and Asia. However, I must admit that these controversies continued with no less acuteness into the last quarter of the century, and yet that quarter was a period of unprecedented missionary extension. Moreover, the home missi on and revival movements of the seventies and eighties (including the great Moody and Sankey campaign) did not hinder but rather helped that extension. The causes of the difference I do not pretend to explain.

But observe the startling changes in the world of Missions as we

FIFTY YEARS AGO, AND NOW

see it to-day. lfrica, north, south, east and west, is mapped out among the missionary societies. The Nile, the Niger, the Congo, the Zambesi, and the great Lakes Nyasa, Tanganyika, Victoria Nyan;r,a, are now the familiar fields of large and growing Missions. Khartum, where Gordon fell, and IIala, where Livingstone was found dead on his knees, are in the heart of wide regions now frequently traversed by the messengers of Christ. The division of the Dark Continent among the European Powers has not hindered missionary progress, and indeed in some ways has helped it. Passing to Asia, Arabia and Persia have failed to shut out the Gospel. In China, only sixteen years ago, missionaries and native Christians were massacred wholesale; and now, in everyone of the provinces, the preacher of Christ finds a cordial welcome. Both China and Japan have witnessed the rise of powerful native churches. Korea is the marvel of Missions. In India, medical and educational Missions have developed at a rate no one could foresee, and the mass movements of the low-caste and out-caste populations are bringing tens of thousands into the Church of Christ. New Guinea is a young and hopeful field. South America, the "Neglected Continent," is engaging a large share of the sympathies of the Christian world. Perhaps the most conspicuous change everywhere, and really the most fruitful of all developments, is the immense increase of women's work. 'Vomen in the missionary ranks now far exceed the men in number; and one-half of the population of the globe has a new chance of hearing the message of salvation.

Not less important are the changes at the home base. No longer is the advocacy of the cause left to the ministers of religion and their wives and a few godly spinsters. The young men, the young women, the still younger people, are enthused. Even business laymen, the hardest of all to reach, are beginning to see that the evangelization of the world is the primary duty of the Church. Summer schools, study bands, missionary exhibitions, unions and guilds of all sorts, are multiplying, and spreading the knowledge of the work in all directions.' The largest public halls are crowded, not to hear eloquent orations, but to receive plain and unadorned accounts of practical work done, or to bid farewell, with prayer and simple addresses, to brothers and sisters either returning to the field or going out for the first time.

II. CHANGES IN THE PROBLEMS In the early stages of the enterprise the work was comparatively simple. Even in the sixties it was quite of an elementary type in the large majority of the mission fields. But the great extension and development of Missions in the past fifty years has brought many problems to the front which have in our own day been freshly and diligently studied. It is widely felt that there is such a thing as a Science of Missions, which should be at least recognized and as far as possible mas-

tered, both by those who administer the enterprise and by those actually engaged in it. For instance, the increased interest taken in the whole subject of what is called Comparative Religion has exercised much in- fluence in Christian circles. It is realized that the non-Christian world must not be thought of as consisting in the main of hordes of ignorant barbarians; that missionaries need to study the religions of the people among whom they work, in regard both to the origins and histories of the religions and to their practical influence on the lives of their votaries. N at only in such great non-Christian systems as Brahmanism and Budd- hism and Islam, but even in the folk-lore and superstitions of uncivilized tribes speaking unwritten languages, there may be fragments of divine truth embedded. Perhaps there is a tendency now to press this consid- eration too far. After all, our work is not so much to compare our faith with other faiths and to prove that it is the best of them, as to set forth a Person, a Divine Person, who is by right our King, and who is ready to be our Saviour and our Friend. Our business is not to prove Christianity but to proclaim Christ. Where is there a rival to Him? However good other religions may be, we have a direct message from God to deliver, the revelation of incomparable blessing freely offered to all men. At the same time, we do need to remember that the races of mankind differ widely, not only in external environment but in the char- acter and tendencies of their minds, and that everyone of them may have a real contribution to make both to theological science and to spiritual experience. So it is rightly felt that the open-minded study of their religious beliefs is a good thing, provided that we do not forget the uniqueness of the Gospel.

Then, in the actual work of Missions, the question is raised as to which of two principles should govern their plans, diffusion or concen- tration. The extensive inquiries of the Commissions that prepared the way for the World Conference at Edinburgh revealed wide differences of opinion 0.0 this point; but the conclusion was thereby suggested that circwnstances alter cases, and that both principles are good, in different fields and at different times. Certainly the history of Missions supplies good arguments for both. Diffusion has justified itself in the story of the China Inland Mission; and concentration has justified itself in the . splendid educational institutions of the United Free Church of Scotland in India.

Much more urgent and important are the many questions touching the organization and development of the native Church, questions which could not arise in the early stages of missionary effort. Here the prob- lems are manifold. Different fields differ entirely. Great independent nations like the Chinese and the Japanese cannot be treated like the remnants of once warlike races in countries dominated by white colonists, as in New Zealand or Northwest Canada. South Africa, where the subject native tribes exceed their white rulers in number, has grave prob- lems of its own. So has India, on a much larger scale, and more com-

plicated. In Moslem lands, like Egypt and Persia, where converts come out one by one, the native church question is quite different from that presented in the districts of Tndia where the mass movements are bringing tens of thousands into the churches. But one conclusion is now pretty generally accepted, that the old system of a settlement of native Christians under the mild despotism of the missionary could only be suitable in the stages which most Missions have now passed. That system was effectively worked by the fine old German missionaries once so prominent j but it is now recognized that the Christians must be thrown more and more upon their own resources, and trusted more generously to manage their own affairs. Yet even when this is done, the further question arises, 'Vhat is the relation of the Mission to the Church? Are they to work on side by side in the same area but mutually independent? If not, and if the Church is not to be subordinated to the Mission, in what way can the Mission be best associated with the Church? Again, native church organization involves denominational questions. llissions that pride themselves on being "unsectarian" find little difficulty while they are merely preaching to non-Christians j but as soon as they.gain converts, and desire to teach them to worship God, to give their children Christian instruction, to manage their church affairs, differences are inevitable, and may become very acute. Anglicans, Presbyterians, Methodists, Congregationalists, have each their own difficulties to surmount, their own problems to solve.

Meanwhile, the question has been raised in recent years, Is it a matter of congratulation that missionary societies are so numerous? Would not an organized army-or, as in the case of allies in a great war, three or four organized armies working in partial concert-be more effective than a hundred regiments marching and fighting quite separately and under independent commands? Ought not, for instance, the various Presbyterian or Methodist or Anglican Missions to be at least combined under their own flags respectively? And, when that is done, cannot there be further such intercommunication between the different groups as may promote the practical unity of the great campaign? Some would go even further than this and aim at intercommunion, a totally different thing j and some would plead for nothing short of complete organic union, urging that nothing short of that can be the oneness which our Lord said would induce the world to believe in His divine mission.

III. CHANGES IN PUBLIC OPINION Perhaps a single illustration of what I may call newspaper opinion nearly half a century ago may help us to realize the changes in this respect. In 1872, only forty-four years ago, the Anglican Archbishops, conscious of that very depression and decadence to which I have alluded above, proposed a Day of Intercession for Missions, to be observed

throughout the Church of England and its sister and daughter churches. When the day came, the Times, in a leading article, cast scorn and contempt on the plan, expressing surprise that so many simple souls could be found to join in so useless and fatuous an observance, and doubt as to the very existence of any number of missionaries or converts. "An ordinary Englishman," it said, "has seen almost every human or brute native of foreign climes, but few can say that they have seen a missionary or a Christian convert I"

It is amazing that such an article should have appeared in I872; but it is good to be quite sure that it could not appear now. When the Church Missionary Society celebrated its centenary in 1899, the Times' comment was very different. For one thing, it went to the root of the matter by acknowledging that men who ask what is the good of Missions "display a strange blindness to the real character of the Christian religion"; and it reminded doubters that the particular society in question was "a civilizing and informing power, which would be still more powerful if the lives of most Englishmen abroad conformed more closely to the conventions of the Englishman at home." Of course, there are still papers of the less reputable sort which occasionally display their ignorance in similar ways; and there are still men like Sir Hiram Maxim, who affirmed, so late as I9IO, that missionaries had done "an infinite amount of harm in China without making a single convert," and that "they were, and always had been,- the greatest liars on the face of the earth." But this does not represent intelligent public opinion. As regards China, the Boxer massacres of I900, when thousands of converts faced torture and death rather than deny Christ, satisfied the average journalist; and Dr. Morrison, the Times correspondent at Peking, declared at a meeting of the Authors' Club in 1910 that "the more he saw of the missionary work in China the more he admired it." When members of the British Cabinet, like Mr. Winston Churchill and Mr. Herbert Samuel, publicly praised the Uganda they had seen with their own eyes, and when a greater man than they, Colonel Roosevelt himself, told the Daily Telegraph that the results he had seen there were "astounding"; when the Commission appointed to inquire into the so-called "Black Peril" in South Africa reported in 1912 strongly in favor of missionary work, which, they said, was exercising "an enormous influence for good," and when Viscount Gladstone in 19 I 5 declared that "missionary effort was the greatest possible help to the civil government," they did but put into words what the vast majority of thinking men do not now dare to dispute.

Nevertheless, while opinion has changed for the better, I cannot say that the more vigorous action which should naturally issue from it is very conspicuous. Both our ministers and our laymen need to take up the words of Shecaniah to Ezra, and say them mutually to one another: "Arise; for this matter belongeth unto thee: we also will be with thee: be of good courage, and do it."

in Foreign

BY DWIGHT II. DAY, NEW YORK The treasurer 0/ the Presbyterian Bomod of Foreign Missions, U. S. A., Itas recently returned from a 'Very interesting tour in Asia and reports tlte result.-EDITOR.

"TELL your countrymen that what we need is an increase in the number of men who will sacrifice for China. Tell the friends there, please, to have patience with us. The leaven has been put into the flour; progress will continue to be made. We thank the good friends in America for what they have done, and in due time these friends will see the results."

Dr. Seng, of the University of Nanking (China), thus expressed the gratitude of the Chinese for what American Christians are doing for his people, and pleaded for their confidence and help to be continued.

CHINA'S PRIMARY NEED An overpowering need and an unrivalled opportunity to meet the need has lately developed in Shantung province, North China. Here is a population of thirty million people, and eighty-one out of one hundred and sixteen walled cities are without any missionary resident. In many of these cities there are just now large brick or stone pawn-shops for sale. Changed economic conditions have made the business of the pawnbrokers unprofitable, and these warehouses can be purchased for about five thousand dollars and easily transformed into centers each containing an auditorium, chapel, guest rooms, school rooms for day and night schools, etc. In charge of each such center will be placed one of the strong young leaders of the Chinese Church, who will have not only the responsibility for all the work in the walled city radiating from this central lighthouse, but also for the surrounding country district. Such an institution will at once command the respect and interest of the gentry who are not apt to pay much heed to an insignificant street or country chapel (any more than the well-to-do at home would, to the unpromising quarters of a strange sect), and would establish at the start the pastor in charge on a substantial basis. It is estimated that five hundred dollars a year for running expenses would need to be provided until the center can be made self-supporting. Thus $5,000, and $500 a year for, say, five years, would compass the following: I. It would occupy strategic centers. Formerly the cities have been most difficult of approach. N ow they are thrown wide open, so that evangelistic work, hereafter, must not be prosecuted so exclusively in the country districts.

2. It furnishes an attractive field for able Chinese leaders. With

an inspiring program planned, doubtless all the men that will be needed as leaders will become available.

3. The plan makes use of available resources and looks forward to a new and permanent method of work.

4. It promises Chinese and foreign co-operation, giving the Chinese the positions of evangelistic prominence while the mission retains a directing influence.

s. It eliminates the idea that a foreign church is being foisted upon China, which impression is a serious drawback. 6. It is commended by its plan of approach. Bible preaching and teaching is to be supplemented by lectures, schools, woman's work, medi- cal work and the Young Men's Christian Associ- ation, thus opening many different avenues to mind and heart. 7. The project has passed the experimental stage, for already there are three men at work in three different cities, with splendid results to show. 1t would be difficult to find an investment in foreign mISSlOns that combines so many attrac- tions and impelling con- siderations.

OUR P HTLIPPINE WARDS No patriotic American can visit the Philippine Islands without feeling a pride in the achieve- ments of his country there. Stable govern- ment, good roads, sani- INTEREST OX THE PHILIPPINES' INVESTMENT tation, schools, all bear Three teachers and Salvador, a young Mora boy. in the Silljman Institute. testimony to a piece of All the members of his family were murdered in a tribal fight.

colon i a I development that has no rival. But Protestant Christians cannot but ask anxiously, "What is being done to lead the young life of the islands to God?"

Christian missions must supply what the Government fails to supply, and so there is Silliman Institute at Dumaguete, in the province of Oriental N egros-a big school of seven hundred boys, "a fountain of living waters," for the islands. Three hundred boys were turned away last

IN FOREIGN

year because of the lack of accommodations. A new dormitory is needed, to cost $ r 5 ,000; a Science Hall, to cost $ r 5,000, and other buildings and equipment totaling $roo,ooo. The Filipinos will give one-half the money, and they look to this country, their rich friend, to help them with the other half. Aguinaldo's son is there, and the future leaders of the islands are coming from this, their most famous school. Are we going to give these leaders the Christian training we know they require if they are to be true leaders?

IN THE KINGDOM OF SIAM One thousand dollars a year will put a missionary into evangelistic work in Siam, where the present force is entirely inadequate to bring the Gospel to the 8,000,000 people of the country. Up to this time there has been no missionary free to preach in the great heathen city of Bangkok, the capital of the country, where 800,000 Siamese and Chinese are living in spiritual blindness.

Fifty dollars will suffice in most fields to support a child in a mission school for an entire year, lifting him out of ignorance and neglect into the light and hope. of an expanding mind and into the happiness produced by kind treatment. And who can fix limits to the possibilities for such rescued lives? Anyone of them may grow to be a true leader for his people, as many a one has become, and all take their places in the life of the nation, to leaven it with good.

In the Laos country of Northern Siam, at the old capital of Chieng Mai, is located the Prince Royal's College, where, under Christian auspices, the promising youth of the north are being trained. Here are boys of all classes and conditions, from the humblest to the sons of the governors, or chows. Any investment in this Christian college will be an investment in life, to be released among the Siamese people long held in the deadening influences of Buddhism and Animistic superstition. The boys take entire charge of the buildings and grounds, and they expect to render valiant service in fighting the floods from the Me Ping River when they threaten the compounds. From such material come the Boon Itts and the Komais, men who have lived powerful, Christ-filled lives among their people. In this college $100 will support a student for one year. $1,000 will support a missionary teacher for a year. $8,000 will build a college chapel and church edifice, very much needed.

Siam can be evangelized and our Lord's command be fulfilled at no distant day if the favored ones in Christian lands will invest their money and their prayers in the enterprise. One million dollars established as a fund for the evangelization of Siam will produce between $40,000 and $50,000 annually, a sum sufficient to warrant embarking upon an adequate plan not only for taking the gospel message throughout the limits of the country, but to permit the opening of one or two centers to the north, across the boundary in China, where the' mass of the popu-

lation, the Tai, are of the same race as the Siamese, and who understand the language and literature of the Laos people in the north. This great population to the north have scarcely been touched, but tricklings of Christianity have reached them and they have for several years been sending messages to missionaries in Laos to come over and help them into a knowledge of the truth. Insufficient funds have up to this time prevented answering this appealing call. What a chance for an Amer- ican to make possible the evangelization of the Tai race!

TRAINED LEADERS REQUIRED It has long .been recognized, of course, that foreign missionaries <'annat do the work necessary for the evangelization of the world. Most of the work must be done by the races themselves. Educated leaders must be raised up, to lead their own people, to shepherd them and teach them. Without these, Christianity can never spread widely, nor can it seem more than a foreign religion, led and supported by foreigners. Perha.ps the chief concern, therefore, of missionary administrators, es- pecially during recent years, has been to lay adequate plans for develop- ing men for the ministry worthy of the calling. Nothing is more important than to strengthen the schools for theological training. A young man in such a school in Osaka, Japan, said: "I love my native city of Osaka (which you Americans say is the Pittsburgh of Japan), and I want to study and train myself so that I may become a preacher-evangelist to my native city. It is my ambition to bring Osaka to Jesus Christ, and I do not care about anything but making Him known to my city." He made this statement in connection with a word of greeting to some visitors from the United States, and also took occasion to express the thanks of the students for books which had been sent out from America as a nucleus for a seminary library. Are not such students worth while? They realize the value of what they have in Christianity (as we in more favored circumstances often do not) , and they are anxious not only to enter the Christian ministry but to make sacrifices in it and for it. No American Christian can make even a casual study of the possibilities for good bound up with the future of the Japanese people without having at the same time the deepest longings that Japanese leadership shall be truly Christian.

One hundred dollars would enable a student to take a year's study in the Osaka School. Five hundred dollars would greatly strengthen the school in its teaching staff and equipment. Some young men will not be able to take the course because they cannot afford it, and they will drift into business or into government service. Or perhaps some Japanese professor in the school will be compelled to seek other teaching work because he cannot live on the salary which the theological school is able to pay.

SOME EXCEPTIONAL ITEMS One thousand dollars will put a missionary, qualified in accounting, on the field to take charge of the treasury work and financial matters

IN FOREIGN

SOME RETURNS FROM THE MISSIONARY INVESTMENT IN CHINA Chri.'it ian young men in front of a walled city, lined up t o send a message back, to America by their visito rs of a big mission, thus setting free for preaching, teaching or medical work other missionaries who went out to do the latter and who are not qualijied for the more technical duties of a field treasurer. Any man at home making such an investment as a foreign mission contribution may well feel he is aiding the work of world evangelization in a most effective way.

Here is a chance for investment that would increase the capacity of a hard-working young missionary in Japan about threefold: "If yon see anybody who has an antomobile, small size, who wants to put it to the very best use in the world, tell him to send it to me. I have fourteen preaching places, covering a thousand square miles of territory, and want to open more, but can't do it till I get a better way of locomotion than a bicycle. An auto would be fine in this territory."

Every American may not know with what sus- picion and even hatred the United States is re- garded by the average Latin – American. The small number who know our missIOnaries, of course, have learned that our people have no thought of aggression ONE RESULT OF FINANCIAL INVESTMENT IN CHINA against any of the coun- Crowds of Chinese and Robert E. Speer looking at arailway wreck outgide tries to the south of us, Peking but they are almost a negligible part of the total population. Any increase in the work and power of evangelical Christianity tends by just so much to dispel this suspicion and to promote fraternal relations. Therefore, to strengthen the missions and missionaries in their work, aids directly in promoting good relations between the United States and her sister American Re- publics. Any amount invested in well-organized mission work in Latin- America, from $25 for a child in a mission school to $500 for increas- ing the evangelistic work in a district, will be most opportune.

While everybody has not made unusual profits during the past year in the United States, a great many Christian people have prospered ex- ceptionally, and the call comes to them with great force just now from our needy brothers in other lands. If Americans (as citizens 'of the United States are called all over the world) could but realize how Ori- ental nations are looking to them for help, material and moral; how they regard the United States as their champion, and as the home of those who love them, and are willing to do for them, their pleasure and pride in the imputation would lead them to live up to it. '

It is still true, as it was in Christ's time, that where a man's treas- ure is there will his heart be also, and if a man invests part of his treas- ure in the mission field abroad his heart will grow with a love for the brothers struggling there and waiting for the light.

in the Church

THE OPINIONS OF LEADING LAYMEN AS TO THE VALUE AND PLACE OF MISSIONARY SERMONS AND MISSIONARY EFFORT IN THE HOME CHURCH The editor rl!Cenlly wrote 10 prominent laymen in various denominations, asking their view.! on the objections, sometimes heard, that churches cannot afford to give to foreign 'work and that the members do not like to hear mis- sionaries and mis.!ionary sermons. The fol/o'wing statements are taken from the replies received.

By R. A. Doan, Cincinnati, Ohio After more than twenty years of business life I can truthfully say that the missionary addresses in the local churches I have attended have been the greatest inspiration of my life. I can conceive of no church do- ing a work which is worth while without frequently having the call to the missionary program sounded from the pulpit. Nothing has spurred me to a deeper spiritual life as an inspiring missionary address showing the need of the world for our Christ. Let me say, with all the positiveness at my command, that I do not believe missions can be emphasized too much from the local pulpit. I say this not primarily because of the good it will do the cause of Missions, although that is great, but because the people themselves need that kind of an outlook for their own spiritual upbuilding.

By lFiliiant f. Schielfelin, N e'w York (Schieffclin & Co., Druggists), Chairman of the Citizens' Union I think that once a month, both in the Sunday-school and in the pulpit, the missionary cause should be presented in every church. Of course, the address should be made by a man who is an enthusiastic believer in the cause of Missions and who thinks that every Christian is in duty bound to obey the commands of Christ: .that we lift up our eyes and behold the field, and that we should pray that laborers should be thrust forth into the harvest, and that we should go to the uttermost parts of the earth so that all men should have the opportunity to become followers of Christ. In these days this must be proclaimed in order that life on this planet may be worth living.

By D. lV. M'cTl'illiams, Treasurer of the Aietropolitan Street Railway, New York My judgment is that the apathy and criticism and opposition to the subject of Missions in our congregation is to be overcome and removed by the aggressive education of the people in the presentation of the facts of the case, as we would do if we were overcoming opposition to any other subject and advocating the adoption of a progressive program.

If our pastor did not preach and speak on Missions and make them a great underlying subject of his pastorate, the men and women of his congregation would institute inquiries about his avoidance. thereof.

We approve having home and foreign missionaries at regular church services and at mid-week Irleetings, to present the subject in its most attractive way and form by the best of intelligent men and women.

Missions should be constantly presented to the public. Agitate, educate are the methods to impress on the people their responsibility for the unsaved world.

Our pastors' voices in advocacy of Missions have been heard throughout the world. As a result others are preaching the Gospel to the people, building churches, hospitals, schools and homes. Now William Carey need not preach seven years in India for his first convert, nor Moffat eleven years in Bechuanaland, and China no longer waits fifty years for its first fifty adherents. Converts in non-Christian worlds are now being added at the rate of one million in twelve years. Five thousand are now added in India each year and 3,000 each week III Korea.

By John T. Stone, Mary/mId Casualty Company, Baltimore The church to which I belong is now, and has always been, distinctly a missionary church. It was formerly the center of a parish, its membership living within close distances all around it. Through the inevitable changes of city life, the membership gradually moved away, and for a period of years a few faithful ones maintained the old church, at great inconvenience, partly for sentimental reasons and partly out of a conviction that the greater the need of the community the greater the reason for maintaining the church. A few years ago the situation again changed, and we now have a growing, virile, progressive church, made up to-day very largely of people who live close by and who have been brought first into the saving grace of our Lord Jesus Christ through the gateway of conversion and then into active membership in the church.

These facts are the best evidence that in our congregation, at least, the missionary spirit and the presentation of Foreign Missions, as well as Home Missions, has not only not been a chilling and deterrent influence, but, on the contrary, if it had not been that our old church has always maintained its emphasis upon Missions, it would have long since ceased to exist. We have proven, to our own satisfaction at least, that "the light that shines the farthest shines the brightest nearest home."

By James 1'0,;1. J'vlontgomery, Treasurer of Richard Young Company, New York I certainly desire our pastor to preach at least one or two sermons each year and also speak on Missions three or four times each year at the mid-week service.

I think it desirable to have Home and Foreign Mission speakers at the mid-week meetings at least three or four times each year, and especially just before the offerings are taken for the two fields. When missionaries are strong speakers, I believe they should speak at the morning service on Sunday.

IN THE CHURCH PROGRAM

There is only one way to make the members of the local church interested in Missions-by education. This can be done by the above methods, by circulating missionary literature and books, but most effectively by personal work on the part of those already interested.

Our pastor is thoroughly interested in Missions. I would suggest that churches increase their interest in Missions by having social meetings at which missionaries from various fields can personally come in contact with the members.

By Frank L Brown, Secretary of the World's Sunday School Association As a layman I have discovered that a pastor's intensive work depends for its quality and effectiveness upon his extensive view of Missions. He cannot focus without vision. As this is true likewise of the people he serves, I count it his greatest service if he gives us frequently missionary information, outlook and emphasis in the Sunday sermons and at the midweek prayer service. 'Ve are helped most by addresses by missionaries or by laymen who have either been to the field or who can give a layman's impression of the real import of Jiissions.

The other methods which have mostly helped our church's missionary enthusiasm have been the distribution of missionary literature, the support by societies and Sunday-school classes of special objects, and a missionary exhibit, running for several days, where the societies and classes show up, by dress, information and material, a particular field or piece of work, with two evenings given over to missionary stereopticon pictures, brief reports by societies and classes doing special work at home and abroad, and a rousing missionary address and missionary tableaux.

Most pastors do little businesslike, intelligent work in keeping Missions consecutively before the people in an educational way. They are satisfied if the missionary offering does not fall below last year, and do not adequately prepare the soil for a bigger harvest next year. In these days, when big things are happening everywhere in missionary work and the whole world is reachable if we have the method, men and means, this seems almost criminal.

By William L. Amerman, Holt & Co., New York Interest in missions, like interest in any other good cause, is developed by familiarity with the facts. The essentials are: An attractive presentation, a fair hearing. It is usually supposed that, to secure these, talks by outside speakers must be arranged for at Sunday and mid-week services. But often permanent impressions are made by the remarks of individual members of the congregation tactfully enlisted in presenting the topics of the monthly missionary meeting. Systematic circulation of missionary books has won over many a doubter.

The pastor who is building up missionary interest will not merely preach in behalf of missions when there is money to be raised. The more the patient process of education is carried on at other times, the less he will need to "beg." The needs of the work and workers will often be

remembered in public prayer. Missionary illustrations in sermon and conversation will reflect the heart interest of the study and the prayer closet.

The ideal relationship is attained when the sons and daughters of the home church are representing her on the mission field, calling out her efforts, gifts and prayers. Pray and plan for such a consummation.

By Hugh R ..Monro, Fice·President Niagara Lithograph Company, New York There is among intelligent Christian laymen a growing recognition of the fact that the giving of the Gospel to the whole world is the supreme mission of the Church. If there are those who fail to recognize this reo sponsibility it is largely because the case has not been clearly stated, as the plain facts admit of no alternative. A pastor, possessed himself with the missionary spirit and using every means to bring his people into touch with the latest information from the various fields, will unfailingly discover a deepening missionary interest on the part of his congregation as well as a sacrificial response to missionary appeals.

There is a type of missionary address which fails to impress the practical man of affairs, but a straightforward statement of what is being wrought through the power of the Gospel in heathen lands, given with manly vigor and in the Spirit of Christ, will never fail of a sympathetic response. The most convincing speaker is usually the missionary direct from the field, and an active chu~ch should enjoy the stimulus of such first-hand information at least once each month, either at a regular preaching service or mid-week meeting. The mere contact with one of these earnest laborers, whose life has been given to service in heathen lands, has led many a layman to review his own career and consider its comparative barrenness.

Much ·of the coldness and apathy of which pastors frequently complain would disappear if their people were kept in touch with the vital spiritual movements at home and abroad.

The "every-member plan" of church finance has marked the most important recent steps in missionary giving. The next step should be the relation of each congregation to some specific work abroad through the support of a direct representative or otherwise.

The Late Dr. Seth Low, at one time jl,1ayor of New York and later President of Columbia University "I went to the Edinburgh Conference in 19IO thinking that Christian missions are a pious undertaking; I returned profoundly convinced that Christian missions are a world force, and just as surely to be reckoned with as are the developments of commerce."

At Dr. Low's home there was always a welcome for missionaries, and he shared with his wife an interest in their enterprises. The Low family many years ago gave the building on Boone Compound, in which St. Peter's Hospital, Wuchang, China, began its work.

RALPH C. NORTON AT THE TRENCHES" SOMEWHERE 1N FRANCE"

Lo' Peter.'! A Belgian major. Mrs. Norton. Commandantc LeDuc Evangelizing the Belgian Soldiers BY MRS. RAJ,PH C. NORTON, LONDON, ENGLAND British and Allied Soldiers' Evangelistic Campaign THE Belgian soldiers are men without homes. Their country is occupied by the enemy, and they cannot return there on furlough. Consequently, thousands of Belgian soldiers come to London to pass their short six days' leave with relatives or as guests of the British or their own home government, in clubs and hostels provided for the purpose.

In the summer of 19 15, Mr. Norton and I had returned to London after spending some time in especial evangelistic work among the British soldiers, and planned to devote our time among the soldiers of the allied armies.

There it was that, in the good providence of God, our attention was directed to these Belgian soldiers. They roamed the street, often friendless and helplessly alone, like sheep needing a shepherd. One night we met one young soldier who accepted a French Gospel with such eagerness that almost from that hour we felt that our spiritual ministries should be devoted to the Belgian soldier as long as the war might last.

This soldier, little Pierre, left us for the front, carrying a package of Gospels in French and Flemish for his comrades of the trenches.

These were soon distributed, and he wrote for more. He was the forerunner of many others, who also found the beauty of the Gospel of Christ as revealed in His Word, and became apostles to the trenches, carrying the message of eternal life to their fellows, who were as yet ignorant of its power.

We met Peter on the street a week or so before we had met Pierre. It was not chance that led us to Peter Van Koeckhoven-it was God. How often has the wonder of God's promise of leading been proved: "I, being in the way, the Lord led me. . . ." Peter from'the start displayed an eagerness to know the truth as it is in Christ. He accepted a Gospel, and besought us for others for his comrades in the trenches.

Peter began to study the Scriptures in the trenches, in barn or barrack back of the lines, whenever he could find a leisure moment. He had soon completed the reading of the Gospel, and a week or so after his return to the front he wrote for a complete Bible. As he read he found what a simple thing it was to accept Christ, so he opened his great heart to the Saviour. Then, as Peter read, he found the command, "Go ye . . . and tell." His own heart's impulses seconded the Divine command, and he became a soul winner. He distributed Gospels to all who would take them. He also enlisted in ~his service other friends, especially those whom he was leading to the knowledge of Christ. Two of his first converts, Arthur and John, became his staunch helpers, and were partakers of his zeal and devotion.

In January of 19 I 6 we met John in London, and asked him how Peter had managed to distribute nearly 10,000 Gospels.

"Oh," came his response, "he has many friends in other regiments, and to these he entrusts quantities of the Gospels for distribution, after our own soldiers are supplied."

He smiled as he spoke of Peter, whom he loved with a singular devotion.

"He is the strongest man in the regiment," he continued, "and you should see him swing a parcel of 600 Gospels onto his back, already burdened by his heavy pack, and start off for a four-hour march to the trenches. "

As time went on Peter began to feel the need for some organization which would bind his "Bible readers" together, and he formed the "Ligue des Saintes Ecritures," or "Scripture League." We sent little membership cards for the men to sign, and at his request we had them printed in both French and Flemish. The card was perforated, the smaller end to be signed with the soldier's name, military address, and home address, so that we could keep in touch with them in Belgium after the war, and perhaps form some permanent organization. The larger end was to be signed also and to be retained by the men. Peter, Arthur and John have kept additional lists of all the "members," and each man is given a number. The stubs are sent to us by the new members themselves or by the workers, and each member receives a com-

THE BELGIAN SOLDIERS

plete New Testament in the language of his choice. The Gospels are given generally, but the Testaments only to members of the League. fhe pledge of membership was made simple, merely a promise to endeavor to carry a Testament or Gospel daily, to read a portion of it, and to meditate carefully on what was read. The success of the "Ligue" was immediate. Scores of other Belgian soldiers, whom we later met in London, became fired with something of Peter's zeal.

Since the time of our first meeting with Peter hundreds of Belgian soldiers have been met by us, often picked up off the street, taken to lunch and afterward to our hotel, where they have been introduced to the Word of God. After a time of instruction and prayer many have been led to accept Christ and have returned to the trenches to evangelize their fellows. Often it has been possible for us to entertain soldiers during all of their furlough, thus having a longer time in which to instruct and strengthen these babes in Chnst.

Since those earlier days the knowledge of our interest in the spiritual welfare of the Belgian soldier has spread throughout the army in a marvelous way, and each day's mail has brought scores of letters from these men. Some have appealed for temporal aid, and these have not been ignored, for we have found that temporal assistance has often been the best means of reaching their souls. Our business has been fishing for the Belgian soldier-"taking him alive"-and we have baited our hook with kindness and love and sympathy, and we have found him responding in a wonderful way, and we have found him looking past us to the Master.

Most of the letters that have reached us, however, have contained appeals for spiritual help. We have been amazed to find the number of men in the Belgian army who professed themselves to be infidel before the war, but who now are turning eagerly to the truth as it is in Christ Jesus. Perhaps they are among the number who leave one of the great London stations daily on their return to the front, when my husband distributes Gospels to these outgoing hundreds of men. In the Gospel that they carelessly accept they find our name and address, and after their hearts have been stirred by reading the Evangel, perhaps for the first time in their life, they write for further instruction. In the months that follow it is our joy to record the daily growth of these disciples as they yield to the Spirit's teaching. Invariably they ask for packages of Gospels, Testaments and League cards, which they find the best assistance in personal work.

Thus the work has spread, life touching life, until now, a little more than a year after the beginning of the work, over one hundred thousand Gospels and many thousand Testaments have been distributed among these soldiers. League members are counted by the thousand. To each new League member are sent League cards for his comrades, and tracts and booklets which will aid and instruct him in the Christian faith. These latter have in large measure been donated by the Religious

1 ract Society of London, the Drummond Tract Depot of Stirling and other societies.

We have now the names of over one hundred Belgian soldiers who are faithfully and intelligently working for the spread of Christ's King- dom through the distribution of His Word. '1 hey are seeking to lead their comrades to the knowledge of salvation through Christ. With these men we are in constant correspondence, answerIng their queries, supplying them counsel and encouragement, and keeping them supplied Wltn the ~criptures with which to carryon their work ot evangelization.

N ow, when letters reach us carrying pleas for spiritual help, often we are able to direct the soldier to another man in his own battalion or regiment who will be able to meet with him personally and aid him in hiS spiritual needs. – In a marvelous way the Seed has been scattered. A Gospel left with a gendarme of military police, at a military base in France, led to his writing us tor counsel. Now over fifty gendarmes at this base have become members of the League, among whom are the two chiefs of the different gendarmeries.

The work has also been started among the interned Belgian sol- diers in Holland. One man, who has found how precious the life of Christ can be, is a flame of fire, and writes for a thousand Gospels at a time. Also in hospitals in France and unconquered Belgium the work is going on, and almost each day brings us news of the spread of the tide of blessing.

N at long ago an appeal came from Malta from an interned Ger- man prisoner, who in some unknown manner had come across a little Belgian League card. Enmity born of the world conflict was forgotten.

He only considered that he needed the comfort and help of the Book of books, and he filled out the card and sent it to us. We sent him the Testament, and now we receive almost daily appeals from other men in that camp. The British Government kindly allows us to send the Scriptures freely to these men, so that to this camp alone have gone Scrip- tures in Arabic, Italian, French, Croatian and German.

Our Belgian soldiers write to us as their "Father and Little Mother," and tell of their progress in the Christian life. One dear boy, Rene, made a slip after his conversion. He told us a lie, which to him formerly had not seemed a gross sin, but when we pointed this out to him his grief knew no bounds. His first letter after returning to the front was most touching.

"My Dear Parents," he wrote, in his own quaint English, "I have received back safe, and am in a healthy condition, but parents, I feel a little lonesome yet, for what I have been doing wrong with the Lord, and with my dear parents. I know, mother and father, I have not been doing the right way of a Christian boy; but I trust in the Lord and hope He will forgive me for what I have done wrong. He is so sweet and kind, and since I have known Him, have I felt so happy; hut not those

days in London, because the devil was getting after me; but for him there is nothing to do any more, and when he should try again to have me again on the wrong way, I should fight against him, because I know the difference now more and more between the dear Lord and the bad devil. I hope, dear parents, everybody will be as I was, sorry when the devil gets after them; but I have myoid Teacher back again, the Lord, and hope He will watch me and keep me in the right way. Lord, oh Lord, help me, watch and forgive me! Am longing for more Testa- ments so I can do some more work for the Lord."

On a recent visit which we paid to the Belgian front many of our boys came to visit us, just back of the lines. Some tramped for twenty miles through mud and over almost impassable roads to spend an hour and a half with us. Then they tramped the twenty miles back to their post. Among the number were several LJniversity men, who came to inquire more perfectly the way of salvation. We find the same spiritual interest among the high and the lowly of the Belgian army. Peter him- self is the son of a Baroness, but counts his noble birth, as well as all things else, "but loss for the excellency of the knowledge of Christ."

There are many evidences of the changed lives of these men. One man wrote: "For many months I have had an intellectual belief in the Gospel as presented in the Bible, although I have never felt any new- ness of life. I have even defended the faith in the presence of my com- rades, althou?;h I had myself never fully accepted it. But my cousin (who received a Gospel and signed the declaration of faith) Game to visit me back of the lines. I found him so changed from what he used to be before the war, that I could only marvel. He tells me that he has found Christ, and I am writing you, asking you if you would help me also to find for myself that which he has found."

These boys who have found Christ have little meetings in the trenches. "They threw things at us first," one of them confided to me, "but now they all gather around and listen to us as we read the Bible and explain it." .

So the arm of the Lord is revealed in the midst of the terrible wel- ter of the greatest war in history, and many who perhaps might not oth- erwise hflve been reached by the truth are to-day trustine: in Christ as Lord and Saviour. Others resting: in the same blessed faith, newly re- ceived by them, are to-day with Him in Paradise.

-~—— With the help of American and British friends, Mr. and Mrs. N orton are sending boxes to these Belgian soldiers who are so out of touch with home and friends. Each box costs one dollar and contains some dainties, some comforts and a copy of the Gospels. The kindness and the message are bearing rich fruitage.-EDIToR.

THEY COME TO THE COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES AT TUSKEGEE

This is a gala day for the rural folk of Macon County. The campus is crowded with hundreds of vehicles that have brought thousands of negroes who seek better things

Tuskegee's Ideals for the

BY ROBERT R. MOTON, TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE, ALABAMA T USKEGEE'S ideals for the Negro are, like those of its founder, high and progressive. Much is said about the "acid test," and at Tuskegee the Negro has passed through the acid test. From the day he first landed at Jamestown to this hour the black man has been under the physical test. He was brought from a hot cli- mate to a colder one, and yet practically no additional clothes were put on his back. The fact that all the Negroes did not die is the first great proof that the Negro had the physique to survive. But to make assurance doubly sure more acid was added. He was put to sleep in shanties with dank earth floors. He was given food that scientific feeding now would hardly give to any creature to work on. He was worked from dawn till dark. All these were in striking and shocking contrast to his former life of ease and roving, of feeding on fresh fruit and the flesh of wild beasts and fowls.

To-day the test is still applied. The Negro lives as a rule, that is, the masses, in and around the ditches, the dark and damp places in the city. In some towns and cities there are even being enacted laws to keep him there. I know of no grosser misunderstanding existing between the two races to-day than such as grows out of just this matter of segregation. The white people appear to think that the Negro wants to mix socially, when really all the Negro wants is a better house on a cleaner street, with water, lights, adequate police protection and a decent environment for his children. The majority of Negro families live now in a one-room house either in the city or in the country, and they live on meagre fare. His spirit or courage receives a daily or even more frequent jar through the reminder that the color of his skin, for which he can hardly be held accountable, is a barrier to his progress. Yet the black man lives, smiles, rears his family, gives his children a little better clothes, and a little more education than he has had, puts his shoulder to the wheel in peace or in war to push forward the good work of- his state or his community, and above all harbors no envy or revenge. This does not refer to the criminal, shiftless Negro, who is already spoken of too much. But for the worthy Negro thus surviving and increasing, facing even the most trying difficulties with chee:-, I repeat, our ideals for him are high and progressive.

To make the Negro a Christian citizen is the passionate dream and fervent effort of Tuskegee. First and always Tuskegee is dedicated to lifting the masses. 'iVe believe that only as the people at the bottom are drawn up can the race be recognized as deserving larger opportu-

THE HOME OF WM. HOLTZCLAW, A GRADUATE OF TUSKEGEE He was the Founder of Utica Normal and Industrial Institute, l>.'lississippi, a School begun under the trees and now valued at $100,000.

nltles. Perhaps I can best explain by giving in some detail the Tuskegee process of moulding men and women. With the late Dr. Booker T. Washington, religion and duty, religion and clothes, religion and food, in a word, religion and environment, were one and the same. He believed that no man could be a Christian and give a half day's work for a whole day's work. He rather believed, as he so often said to his students, that a man should always do more than his assigned duty: that he should do a day and a half's work for a day's work. He believeq that such was Christlike, and that no man could render such service without being and becoming a good deal of a Christian.

Thus Tuskegee's first ideal is to take religion out of the air and put it within the daily reach of men, not a religion for the Sabbath merely. Thus we teach or try to teach that to report to work at a certain hour, to report to meals at a given moment, to keep the clothes neat and clean, "to walk erect as if you are going somewhere," are attributes of a Christian just as much as, or even more so, than preaching a loud sermon or shouting and "moaning" in church on the Sabbath.

I was rather amused as well as gratified at the remark of an Alabama County school superintendent who visited Tuskegee during the past summer. Said he: "You Negroes walk. You pick up your feet. I've seen colored folks loll, shuffie and stroll, but not walk."

In addition to inculcating religion into daily duty and duty into religion, Tuskegee gives its students courses that they may go out and teach others.

The Tuskegee Institute puts as much stress upon the by-product of training as it does upon special courses. That is, no matter what trade a man has learned, what profession he may afterward enter, Tuskegee expects him to engage in community service or uplift work. Whether a student is a blacksmith, carpenter, tailor, tinsmith, school teacher, doctor or minister, he is expected, by his life and work, to go out and be an example to his community. He is expected to go into the church and teach Sunday school. If there is no Sunday school, he is expected to organize one. He is to organize clubs for community improvement, mothers' clubs, sanitary clubs, boys' corn clubs and girls' tomato clubs, if in the country, and garden clubs and community improvement clubs if in the city. He is expected to become interested in the public school, to help build a school if need be, to see that good teachers are secured, to use every effort to extend the school term from two or three months to six, seven or eight months. And above all, everywhere, at work, in meetings, he is not to whine, but to teach optimism to his people, to give the people greater hope, larger faith and a stronger belief in themselves and mankind generally.

ONE OF TIlE STUDENT FORCES FOR THE UPLIFT OF SOUTHERN NEGROES Y. wI. C. A. Cabinet at Tuskegee Institute. Training for Social Service and uplift work is given at Tuskegee in addition to literary and industrial schooling.

Our courses, or rather the Tuskegee life, seek to give students this sort of training. I say Tuskegee life, because the Tuskegee idea is that always you are living in the present, not in the future. This is true for both students and teachers. In our Phelps Hall Bible Training School we seek to train Christian workers, not ministers. Our students go out . into the country and teach Sunday school, visit the sick and destitute, organize various community clubs, plant gardens, teach the people to whitewash and to clean up. If they wish to pursue courses looking to the ministry afterward, that is all right. Tuskegee's idea is that whether they go further or not, this kind of training they will always need.

Our Y. M. C. A. and our Y. V. C. A. are schools in which our boys and girls gain valuable experience for this uplift work. Both of these organizations have student cabinets, and committees, which are responsible for religious service, socials, athletics, and much of the de· portment of students.

In this work, as in all other work of the school, Tuskegee says to the student, "The school is yours. The teachers are your guides only. Live now. Learn by doing." 'Vith allowance for youth and individual shortcomings, this idea is very well carried out. I f the teacher is absent in the blacksmith shop, in the kitchen, in the arithmetic class, the students take hold and shoe the horse, serve the meal, or solve the problem as the case may be. Tn this way we teach him to lend an influence that is positive and aggressive rather than negative. This Tuskegee is trying to make a habit with him before he leaves her doors.

While Tuskegee continuously drives home this ideal of service to others, she also lays strong emphasis on beginning with self. Nothing is quite so convincing in the Tuskegee scheme as the outstanding, concrete example. If a student would convince people that land owning and property owning are a desirable asset of a good citizen, he must blaze the way by owning property himself. If he would teach that a beautiful home, flowers in the yard, a happy family are the ideals of citizenship, then he must .set the example by having these himself. In all this, however, he or she must be simple and modest; the clothes, the home, the speech, must all exhibit the quiet, unassuming worker, not the man of vanity and show.

This is the ideal as Tuskegee tries to impart it to her students. Through pamphlets, through agents, through gatherings at the Institute, she seeks constantly to reenforce this. Through the kindness of a friend, Mr. Julius Rosenwald of Chicago, she has tried to bring home this ideal to the colored people in rural communities, by building a model school building. In many cases the effect has been almost instant, in that farmers have put up hetter homes or improved on those already built. Once or twice a year the school issues pamphlets telling farmers what to plant in a given season, how to care for cows, pigs, poultry and the like. These leaflets are usually the work of Prof. George V. Carver, of the Agricultural Department, who has contributed much during

TUSKEGEE'S IDEALS FOR THE NEGRO

his twenty years' service at Tuskegee to advance the standard of the life of the rural colored man.

Many white men are still skeptical about negro education. Prof. Carver's work is an example of how a serviceable act blots out the race question and gains friends for negro education as well as personal friends. Only a short time ago, under the direction of the Institute, he issued a bulletin entitled "How to Live Comfortably in Winter." Now, of course, the Southern white man as a rule would not think of taking instruction from a Negro. It chanced that one of these pamphlets fell into the hands of the State supervisor of canning clubs. In a letter saying "I know you wrote this for colored farmers, but it will help white farmers as well," this lady asked that several copies be sent to each of her twenty-seven subordinates in the different sections of the State. This she requested in spite of the fact that'a pamphlet purporting to contain the same kind of instruction had just been issued to the white farmers of the State.

The frequent assembling of farmers and their wives and children about the school has done untold good in keeping the people spurred on, in giving them new ideals b'oth of work and living. At these gatherings the mothers learn how to cook, to care for poultry and milk, to keep neater homes and to care for their children: Of course, not every graduate nor every ex-student has been a conspicuous success in applying our ideals. Yet when we consider how new all things in civilization are to the black man, and under what odds he often labors we have every reason to be encouraged.

Our students have carried the Tuskegee ideal into every walk of life into which they have gone. In some instances it is the doing of the big things, in others it is doing the humble, little thing in a modest way; in still others, it is doing the every-day duty in an unusual but very satisfactory way.

Probably the biggest way in which Tuskegee has had her ideals reenforced is through reproduction. Dr. Washington saId, "Go forth into the woods and barren places and build up schools." Of the number of students who have gone out from Tuskegee during the last thirty-odd years since its founding thirty-three have founded industrial schools. The record of these schools, as compiled in 19 IO, shows 142 teachers employed, 62 of whom were Tuskegee graduates or former students. Through these offshoots 4,000 students were being trained and 73,000 people were being reached by the method of extension work taught at Tuskegee, that is, through farmers' conferences, mothers' meetings, boys' and girls' improvement clubs and the like.

One founder of a rural school wrote some time ago, "I accept my salary in syrup, meal, corn or anything I can use in my family." This teacher soon discovered that he needed a mule and farm tools to teach agriculture and gardening. To buy these he got the friends and patrons to give IOO ears of corn apiece.

MISSIONARY I<.EVIEW Or< TIlE WORLD [J al1uary

One of the most successful of Tuskegee branch schools was founded in Florida· from the proceeds of I % acres of sweet potatoes; another in South Carolina was established by a young woman who entered Tuskegee almost destitute and very frail of health. She started her institution in the upstairs of an old storehouse, borrowing chairs, benches and other requisites of the schoolroom. This school now has a valuation of over $60,000. Another graduate started a school in Mississippi with only trees for a shelter. This institution to-day has property valued at $ I 00,000.

The same spirit of service has animated students in other walks of life. A former student, who is farming, has also built a school, established a farmers' conference, and in winter holds a three-days' school for farmers. A public school teacher in one of our small cities is church organist, superintendent of the Sunday school, a member of the deacons' board and president of the Baptist Young People's Union. All of these posts he has held from fifteen to twenty years.

Some years ago a young lady came to Tuskegee and learned dressmaking. Unable to remain until she could get a diploma, she went away and set up business for herself. But' she had caught the Tuskegee spirit. She organized a girls' industrial club. Through this club she secured employment for 132 girls and established prizes to be awarded to the best seamstress.

Among those who have gone out from Tuskegee none have rendered finer service than our trained nurses. In one city in the North one of our nurses asked to be allowed to work in the colored slums. As she was the first Negro nurse to make such an application she had endless difficulty in securing appointment. She worked five months without salary. She went into the homes of fallen girls, corrected the unsanitary habits of mothel:s and children, and even broke up gambling resorts of the Negro men.

These, then, are some of the ideals of Tuskegee for the Negro. First, last and always, he will serve his fellow men in any way his ability may direct. He shall pick out a place, settle down, own property, pay taxes and become a model citizen. His house, his dress, his life while at work or at play shall be an example and an inspiration; they shall inspire his own race to emulation and the white race to belief in Negroes and in negro education.

Tuskegee has not thus far concerned herself with what is called political rights. Her ideal has been to make the Negro deserving, to make him show to the white race that he is deserving. Though many discouraging setbacks occur, as when black men are lynched or driven out wholesale from communities in which they have property and pay taxes, keep thc law and serye thcir people; yet, with that strong buoyant hope and optimism so characteristic of her founder, Tuskegee feels sure that the sense of fair play in the white man and the justice of God will finally give us our place of full citizenship in America.

A YILLAGE WHERE THE MISSIONARIES ARE WORKING IN CAMEROON, WEST

War Experiences in West Africa BY REV. WILLIAM M. DAGER Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, U. S. A.

THE German Cameroon colony in West Africa lies between British Nigeria on one side and French Congo on the other, with diminu- tive Spanish Guinea touching its southern border for about one hundred miles. Vhen war broke out two years ago, this short strip of neutral border land was the only outlet to the outside world. Allied war vessels controlled the sea coast, and all the other parts of the boundary line were soon the scene of desperate fighting. The troops on both sides were almost all Africans, but they were officered by Europeans.

The American Presbyterian mission is in South Cameroon, where forty-five missionaries were stationed at the outbreak of the war. ];10st of them were at the coast for the annual mission meeting, and sixteen, who had completed their three years of service, were planning to sail for America on a German steamer in the middle of August. The enervating climate of tropical Africa rendered these men and women physically unfit to endure any added strain. The German steamer did not sail, but God provided another way. Through the kindness of the Germans they crossed to Fernando Po, where Spanish hospitality provided for the necessary stay, and they were able to borrow money for passage on a Spanish boat. An English cargo boat took care of four of the party from the Canary Islands, so that all enjoyed their muchneeded furlough, and are now back on the field. They are taking the

places of those who passed through the strenuous months dU'ring which they were working with fighting on every side of them.

In July, 19'4, just before the declaration of war, a group of missionaries were standing on the beach at Batanga, interested in a promiscuous assortment of boxes. These had just been carried from the surf boat by the natives and deposited beyond the reach of the waves. The steamer from which this surf boat was discharging its cargo was anchored about a mile out. She was the last steamer to land cargo before the blockade. That group of missionaries did not know the future, but God did, and He had sent the supply just before they were to be almost shut off from supplies for eighteen months.

The neutral Spanish border prevented an absolute blockade. Entrance through this border was, however, roundabout, difficult and dangerous. One man from America, who was at home on furlough, returned to the mission that way in January, 19 I 5. He came with letters, papers, and first-hand news. There were malted milk and oatmeal for the babies, and limited quantities of butter, milk, sugar and flour, to be distributed among five stations.

Native foods were used by the missionaries to a large extent. Of corn, sweet potatoes and peanuts there was no lack at any time. The sugar cane furnished us with molasses. Bananas were not difficult to procure. Pineapples and oranges could be had in season. Some who had their own chickens had eggs all the time; those without could buy them part of the time. A small amount of goats' milk was available when it was possible to get possession of a goat. Potatoes, beans and small onions were grown, and some other European vegetables. For these, however, best results can only be secured with fresh seed which has been specially prepared and packed for the tropics. Seed was sent, but before it could reach the end of this long journey the tins were no longer moisture·proof, and most of it failed to germinate.

Other foods not so familiar as the above to Americans were a great help to us. The papaia and avagado pear supplied us at all times with fruit. For vegetables we had the plantain and cassava, from both of which we also made flour. The mikabo (known here as the caladium or elephant ear) was a good substitute for potato, and made a nourishing soup, and its young leaves could he cooked as greens. There were also several other varieties of greens, and the bread-fruit trees helped out when they were in season.

Nor were we without meats, for a native hunter brought for our use the antelope and wild hog. In some stations the supply was ample; at others the game was scarce enough to make the bringing in of an animal a real treat. Four or five months without sugar, flour, butter or milk, and eighteen months with only a very limited supply of the same led us to appreciate those essentials as never before.

God not only cared for us during the eighteen months, but taught us to value and use the native foods to an extent we had never done

WILLIAM M. DAGER TRAINING CHRISTIAN WORKERS IN WEST

In this field in West Africa. where there have been such remarkable results from Christian Missions, the territory has passed from the Germans to the Allies. III spite of the war the remark.able work. goes on . and Miss Jean Mackenzie, author of "Black Sheep," has iust been recalled from America to the;!ield.to.help:meet the crisis.

before. The entire period was one in which God's mercies were new to us each day. The absolute necessities were always provided. Quinine, so essential to the health of the missionary, held out till the last. The babies of the mission could not live without milk and oatmeal. There were times when the last tin had been opened, but the new supply was sent just when needed, and the babies were provided for by Him who knew our extremity.

In August, 1914, there was no missionary doctor at Elat, and the Government doctor had been sent to another post, but in that month of mobilization, a German surgeon was sent to the Government post near Elat, and two of his earliest cases were operations for appendicitis upon missionaries of our mission. In January, 19 15, when the black water fever attacked another of our force, and his life hung in the balance, another German Government doctor was the one able to give the immediate attention necessary. Even though some of the stations were without a missionary doctor, military physicians were available for every emergency. vVhen the Germans had gone the French came, and very soon one of their physicians had under his care as a patient another one of our missionaries, and in a short time effected a cure.

Even more apparent was God's care of the missionaries when the war zone encroached upon their field of labor. On one occasion a war vessel was steaming up the coast, firing as she came. Seaside cottage at Batanga was in full view on a bluff facing the ocean. When it was seen to be necessary, the neutral flag was displayed and the firing ceased within half a mile of the house within which were four of our missIOnaries. On another occasion two of the missionaries were making a necessary journey through the German outpost. A French attack was expected, and scouts were watching the roads. Their path should have turned to cross a stream, but talking as they rode on their bicycles, they missed the turn and went straight ahead. Later they learned that they had been mistaken for Frenchmen and the scouts had retreated to the other side of the river, taking the canoe with them, without which a crossing was not possible. When the missionaries returned and called for the canoe they were recognized by the natives. God had led them out of their way for their protection.

The time came when the battle lines drew nearer to our stations and work. Two of our missionaries were in a native village with one hundred and fifty evangelists and teachers, who had with them their wives and children. On sloping ground they all crouched behind stumps and trees, where the missionaries waited while the Germans retreated and the French advanced. The bullets flew overhead and a stray bullet found its victim in the next village, but not one of our people was touched.

There were critical situations in those first days of occupation by the Allies. The missionaries were not known to them, so that a strange white man could be easily mistaken for a German. This did happen

EXPERIENCES IN WEST AFRICA

in four widely separated places. Guns were pointed at them, and for a time they were prisoners, but through it all no one of them experienced the slightest hodily harm.

SOME RESULTS OF THE MISSIONARY'S WORK IN WEST AFRICA Girls' school at MacLean Station) Lolodorf. Mrs. 'V. S. Lehman in the rear.

Looking after refugees took the missionary through the German lines one hour before the French forced them to retreat. His threemile run on the bicycle occurred in a lull of the firing during which new positions were being occupied. Who else timed that journey but God, who was answering the prayers of those at home who were remembering the missionaries shut up in Cameroon?

MISSIONARY WORK IN WAR TIMES And God was not unmindful of His work. The story of sickness, starvation, suffering, temptation, sorrow and death, which came to natives through the war, can never be fully told. With war on every side it was certainly only of God that the educational and evangelistic work of the mission could be maintained for eighteen months with but little interruption, and then go On practically undisturbed through a transfer from German to French control of the colony. We have only the reports from three of the shut-in stations, but these report 1,880 additions by confession of faith in 19 I 5, and contributions aggregating to $8,901, which is just about double what was contributed in any previous year. Evangelists and school teachers remained loyally at their posts, even when the missionaries were removed, because they were not permitted to remain within the war zone. "Let whatever

comes find us and our people together," was the way they expressed their desire to remain at their posts of duty.

Can we ever forget the boy killed by deserters? At the last, when German defeat was certain, many soldiers deserted, and with their guns and ammunition went plundering about the country. They met two men sent on by a by-path to our station at Metet with provisions and mail, because the Allies were coming through Metet and the main road was closed. The loads were stolen and plundered and the mail was thrown into the bush. The carriers were taken as prisoners. Then a school boy of the town, knowing how the missionaries longed for mail, took the letters, intending somehow to get them to us. A second contingent of deserters found him with the letters, and lest through him it should be discovered who stole the boxes, they cruelly killed the boy. The people of the town reported it at once to the advance guard of the French, and part of the mail was recovered and the prisoners released. Precious letters; but spattered with the life blood of the boy who through loyalty to the mission was seeking to deliver them to us.

God also used his missionaries to bring relief to the suffering. It is sadly true that the great bulk of suffering could not be relieved, but much that could be done was done. The retreating Germans left in the care of the mission two thousand refugees who had been political war prisoners. They were to be .sent back to their homes when the Allies had finally come in. On Monday they were given to us, and the whole mission station at Elat was turned over to them. Every dormitory and small cooking shed was filled to overflowing. They camped under the mission dwellings and slept with no shelter at all. They were supplied with two days' rations, and more was promised on Wednesday. But on Wednesday, when the Germans retreated and the French came in, we had only about ten bushels of corn to feed them. But God proved that He can and does supply every need. When wild sweet potatoes and all else we had to give them was gone, on Saturday the people for miles around, feeling that they must make a peaceful approach to their new masters, brought food in such quantities that it sufficed for the invading army and for the refugees as well. The next day the refugees were sent to their homes.

Then, with the country wasted with war, came hunger and dysentery and death. At least four of the missionaries were taken with dysentery-one of the by-products of the war. Vie could not even estimate how many of those heavy-laden carriers were taken with it, sleeping where they could, drinking water from polluted streams, and unable to buy (even when they had the money) food sufficient to nourish them. Many were left unburied by the roadside. At all the mission stations health and succor were given to many. Some beyond help were given a decent burial. Christians entered heartily into the work, and when one missionary adopted the plan of asking in church each Sunday how many had helped any of the refugees during the week, it was

TUSKEGEE'S IDEALS FOR THE NEGRO

gratifying to see about two-thirds or four-fifths of the audience of from five hundred to six hundred rise to their feet.

God's ordering of affairs was clearly illustrated in the return of a doctor and a minister. They were home on furlough, and in June, 19 15, a request was made by the mission that these two be sent to the relief of the over-burdened, shut-in force in Cameroon. But they did not come when we expected. Had they come then they would have met the German refugees fieeing before the advance of the Allies, and the overland journey through Spanish Guinea would have been very dangerous, if not impossible. Now observe a few dates. January I9, I9 I 6, witnessed the retreat of the Germans beyond our last mission station. On January 28th the Allies were in possession of the territory surrounding all of our mission stations. February 15th, the last of the Germans withdrew across the border into Spanish Guinea and left the Allies in full possession. On January 30th the English general gave permission for the entrance of those of our force who had been shut out, and on February 1st the doctor entered Cameroon, and later in the same month the minister arrived. When they left America the Germans were still successfully defending southern Cameroon, and they arrived just as the blockade lifted and the colony was opened to them.

The God who has answered prayer will answer other prayers for these missionaries on the frontier. The transfer from German to French control calls for new adjustments. Some who were there during the period of war are still at their posts. Others have recently returned to their work. They need especially the sympathy and prayers of God's people during these days of toil and danger.

READY FOR A MISSIONARY PALAVER IN WEST AFRICA Head man seated in chair with several of his followers seated on the ground in front 0 ihis house

Chang of the Crystal Spring

BY JEAN CARTER COCHRAN, PLAINFIELD, NEW JERSEY A GRAY evening had settled in on the village of the Crystal Spring: it had rained a soft drizzle all day, and even the Crystal Spring, for which the hamlet had been called, lay deep in mud and belied its name. There was, in fact, nothing much but mud to be seen, from the narrow streets where the little pools of muddy water stood, to the walls of the houses that were plainly built of no other material, and looking out into the twilight over the fields the country also was the same monotonous muddy brown tint.

Though the Chinese are a good deal like hens in their attitude of mind toward water in general, and rain in particular, this evening it had failed to keep them indoors, for had not the village schoolmaster promised to tell them many wonderful things of the golden age of China, when sages walked the land and were able to converse not only with human beings, but with the fairy folk?

To-night the schoolmaster looked over his little audience of men and boys, wondering which story to tell them; they waited in a respectful silence, for he had taken his degree, and the only one in the village who did not stand in awe of him was his wife. If Mr. Chang had known Greek his feelings would have been drawn to Socrates and his home life.

Slowly he began, * "lEans ago, almost at the dawning of our golden age, there lived on the edge of a lotus stream a mussel contented and happy. One spring morning, when the apricots were in bloom, tempted by the beauty of the day, he went out on the river bank to sun himself. A bittern passing by perceived the mussel and, with none of those courteous ceremonies customary in polite society, pecked at the unwatchful shell-fish. The mussel realizing that he who hesitates is lost wasted no time but nipped the bird's beak. The bittern, surprised and frightened, exclaimed: 'If you do not let me go to-day, if you refuse, to let me go to-morrow, there will be a dead mussel.' His would-be victim rejoined: 'If I stay indoors to-day and if I don't come out to-morrow, there surely will be a dead bittern!'" Suddenly, at this climax, a wild face was thrust into the door of the schoolroom and an excited voice shouted: "There is a foreign devil arrived at the inn, and you had better all be quick, for we think he is going to undress I"

Magic surely cannot have disappeared from China; the speed with which the room was emptied of all but the schoolmaster and the necromancer was simply miraculous. The necromancer felt it incumbent on his dignity to move more slowly;, the schoolmaster, who was at heart *This fable is quoted from W. A. Cornaby's "String of Chinese Preach Stones." He claims it is the oldest Chinese fa bIe in existence. SCENE AT A CR YSTAL SPRING VILLAGE WELL IN CHINA a gentleman, turned toward his home; he would call with ceremony later, when the rude villagers had left. Curiosity soon got the better of the necromancer, however, and murmuring: "I have heard it said these foreigners have a hole in their chest through which a stick is run by which they are carried by coolies; I must see if it is true." He turned and hurried to the inn.

The scene at the inn was amusing enough; every door and window was full of heads, and those who had a few cash with which to buy tea had even entered the house itself and were drinking, with their eyes glued on the unfortunate foreigner. The inn was a poor place; the only thing that could be said in its favor was that it was dry. It consisted of one long room, where all the guests ate, dressed and slept. At one end was a fire of stalks burning; there was no chimney to let the smoke escape, so the foreigner sat beside the blaze, with the tears running down his face from the suffocating smoke, trying in vain to get dry. He had removed his coat, which was dripping, and beside him, on the floor, lay a bicycle, covered with the prevailing mud. The man's sense of humor had almost been washed away, but when he saw the amazement painted on every countenance as he started to clean his wheel he could not suppress a smile. He had been forced to walk a long distance on account of the rain, and the consequence was none of the Chinese knew what the bicycle was for, so they kept at a safe distance. As he thoughtfully spun

around each wheel, the eyes of the crowd grew as large as saucers; one of them whispered: "It's a new kind of gun!" Some of them put their fingers in their ears, expecting a loud report, others withdrew to a still greater distance; nothing happened, however, and at that moment the necromancer entered and speedily drew his own conclusions; this was evidently some foreign magic, and it was clearly to his advantage to get in with the foreigner and divide the profits. He went directly up to the stranger and started conversation.

"You have come a long road to-day?" "Yes," replied the man, "one hundred Ii" (about thirty miles). The necromancer thought, "Ha! I was right; it is magic indeed; no man could walk or be carried by coolies a distance like that in such weather." So he asked still another question: "Then the coolies did not carry you by means of the pole stuck through your chest!" The foreigner was puzzled-then he remembered the ancient rumor about the foreigners and replied : "No, I rode this wheel." The necromancer was dazed, but by this time the crowd had grown bolder and felt like asking a few questions on their own account, so they drew up close, and a perfect volley followed: "Where was he from?" "What was his name?" "How did he button his collar?" "What was his vest for?" etc., etc. Finally, weary of answering so much unadulterated curiosity and remembering his purpose in coming, the stranger thought it was his turn to lead the conversation, and, turning to the necromancer, he said: "I have come to your village to tell you about one of our sages that lived many years ago." The people were too interested in the present, however, to stop to hear past history, and they would not listen. Then a bright idea struck the traveler. "1 see that this room is very large; I will ride this wheel around the place for twenty minutes and.let you all see how it works if, after I have finished, you will promise to listen to me talk for twenty minutes." This proposition appealed to his audience, and a space was quickly cleared. Amid the "Ahs,I" and "Ehs I" of the crowd, he mounted the wheel and rode around and around for a long twenty minutes, then he dismounted, and saying: "Now it is my turn I" he began to tell his story. True to their bargain, the Chinese listened quietly, with only a question now and then to help get his meaning. After he had finished, a number bought his tracts and gospels, and one old man asked: "How long ago did you say this good man lived?" "Over nineteen hundred years," the foreign replied. The old man looked very sad. "And you foreigners have known this glad news nineteen hundred years and have only just come to tell us about it now! 1 cannot understand that." Some of the more intelligent lingered for a few moments, but it was growing late, and they at last said a reluctant good-by.

CHANG OF THE CRYSTAL SPRING VILLAGE

With a weary sigh the foreigner turned to undress, when he heard a quiet voice behind him say: "Good evening, honorable sir, may I ask your revered name?" On looking around he beheld the village teacher, Mr. Chang, making deep bows of greeting. Snatching his spectacles from his eyes to show he knew the rules of Chinese etiquette, the stranger replied, with an equally low bow: "My humble name is Sun." "May I also inquire your lofty longevity?" continued the teacher. "My years are only few and small-I am only forty," replied Mr. Sun.

SOME OFI.THE MISSIONARIES' EAGER LISTENERS IN A CHINESE VILLAGE "Ah!" exclaimed the other. "I thought you were a great deaj older. Now will you kindly inform me the name of your renowned country?"

"The name of my country is America!" was the answer. At the name "America" Mr. Chang's face brightened visibly. "Why, that is the country of Washington and Lincoln," he said joyfully. Interested at once, Mr. Sun invited him to be seated, and inquired where he had heard of Washington and Lincoln. The teacher eagerly explained that, when he had gone to Nanking to pass his examination for his degree, at the door of the examination hall a foreigner had sold him a book containing the lives of Washington and Lincoln. "They were indeed great and good men; could YOll not tell me more about them?" Very gladly Mr. Sun did so, and finished by saying: "Washington

and Lincoln were true lovers of freedom and their fellow men, but their ideas were received from a still greater teacher who taught nineteen hundred years ago. Let me read you what he says," and drawing the gospel of John from his pocket he read: "And ye shall know the truth and the truth shall make you free." "Yes," said the teacher, "those are wise words, that is the kind of freedom we need in China; will it weary you too much to tell me about this very wise man?" Delighted at this wonderful opportunity, Mr. Sun told him about that most perfect of all lives, and the teacher eagerly drank in every word. At length he rose to go, saying he would return in the morning to hear more. Sadly, Mr. Sun explained that he had to hurry on at daylight to see a dying friend, but he gave the teacher a book of the Gospels, and promised to return at some future time. It was now late and, very softly, Mr. Chang stole through the deserted street and quietly opened the door of his rude home, hoping not to disturb his sleeping spouse. The hope was vain: she had lain awake on purpose. He was greeted with a volley: "Where in the world have you been? A pretty hour this, to be coming in! What will the neighbors say?" "A good deal," the poor teacher thought, "if they hear you talk," but he wisely only said: "I have been to the inn and talked to the foreigner, and he told me a most wonderful thing about a sage who came to earth to teach us to love everybody, our neighbors, and even strangers." "Foolish words they were; why, think what a difference it would make if I should love Wang Mah!" and turning herself scornfully in bed she went soundly to sleep. Difference, indeed! His wife's daily battles with Wang Mah were the scandal and excitement of the whole village; combat was waged from dawn to dewy eve, year in and year out. Having assured himself that his wife was really asleep, Mr. Chang sat down by the little flickering lamp and began to read his new book. Thoughtfully and slowly he read, in order to take in the wonderful story. Not once did he look up, until a faint streak of dawn reminded him he must retire if he wished any peace for the next fortnight. A very much puzzled necromancer arose that morning pondering over the follies of foreigners in general and this one in particular; to have perfectly good magic at one's command, and fail to make a profit from it was worse than foolish-it was madness. Mrs. Chang, too, was very much disturbed by the foreigner's visit; surely he had bewitched her husband; loud was her lamenting over th~ wasted oil; the long day through she could talk and think of nothing else. But all day long the teacher did not hear her, for his thoughts were elsewhere, walking with his new-found Master through the fields of Galilee, and ever in his ears rang the words: "And ye shall know the truth and the truth shall make you free."

on the Kongo*

BY CATHERINE C. MABIE, M.D., KIMPESE, KONGO BELGE Dr. Mabie is a niece of Rev. Henry C. Mabie, and one of the missionaries of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society. She has recently returned to America on furlough, but sent from West Central Africa this very interesting description of medical work among the women of that region.

VE are having three days' respite fant mortality. Instructions as to its cause and possible prevention ought to from schoolroom duties following save many little lives. All expectant Easter. I had planned to spend them mothers coming to the dispensary are adas well as the week-end with a congenial vised to invest ten cents in a little sealed friend at ThysvilIe, three hours up the packet of antiseptic dressings for the line, but three of the students' wives cord and are told the danger of tetanus chose this particular week for birthday infection during baby's first week. They parties. A new baby every other day are also advised to find another ten cents down in the students' quarters excels all for a bottle of castor-oil. Practically all previous records, a girl and two boys! infant maladies occurring during the With great difficulty and after a full nursing period are attributed to mothhalf-hour with no sign of life, one of er's milk being bad, and so the mothers the boys' was finally induced to breathe. always want medicine for themselves The suscitation of the asphyxiated babe rather than for the sick infants. seemed a veritable miracle to the class of women students who were in attend- Yesterday a pear heathen woman ance. One or two were assisting me came, wanting medicine to improve the and I explained to all of them the meth- quality of her milk. She had had nine ods employed and reasons for their use, children, all of whom had died in inand tried to show them that when far fancy from one cause or another, chiefly away from a doctor in their towns, they malaria, pneumonia, and other diseases; themselves might follow the same meth- but she, poor thing, carried the double ods under like circumstances. One of sorrow of believing that she was responthe Banza Manteke women regaled them sible for their deaths! The sorrows of with stories of similar miracles per- heathen motherhood are multiplied and formed during my residence there. It grievous to bear. A man puts away his all seemed too marvelous to be true, wife because she bears him no children. but there was the baby, its little heart He puts her away because she has born thumping away! Appreciation of their him many children, all of whom have doctor has been rather keener than usual died in infancy. the last few days. Their ignorance concerning their own In our next physiology hour we shall bodies, concerning the cause and treatreview the case and its handling, and ment of the most common ailments, is I shall try further to impress upon their appalling. Their slowness in apprehendminds that no miracle was wrought. ing our teaching concerning these vital What happened was but the result of matters is discouraging. But they must the application of certain methods which be taught, and I know of no better opthey may attempt to use. Infant mor- portunity anywhere in Kongo than we tality from asphyxiation and other causes have here at Kimpese for imparting this is appalling in this country. Tetanus needful instruction. Our students are neonatorum is a common cause of m- picked men from all our own and the * From The Watchman-Examiner.

English Baptist stations in the Lower nomena of this kind are directly attrib- Kongo, and are in residence here with uted to spirit interference, never to their wives and children three years. natural or preventable causes. After Over and over and over again both the quieting their fears, I carefully explained men and the women are drilled in the the immediate cause of the convulsion structure and functions of the body. and predicted another unless the mother They are instructed as to the cause, followed my instructions as to feeding. course and possible treatment, in the ab- I knew well enough that she did not sence of a physician, of the more com- believe in my explanation. But after a mon diseases. Village hygiene, diseases dozen or more times of secretly giving due to drinking infected water, those the child solid food, after everyone of transmitted by insects, source of hook- which the dreaded symptoms reappeared, worm and other parasitic infections are it finally began to sink into the father's all discussed, and practical means of mind, if not the mother's, that possibly combating these evils are suggested. the food really had something to do with the symptoms, and so they began to co- In my judgment the time for the operate with me in the care of the child. Kongo trained nurse has not yet arrived. The mother told me one day that I was Single unattached women of twenty-five quite mistaken as to the cause of the years of age are almost as rare as ice- trouble; that it was in the child's eyes, bergs in Kongo. Most girls marry when and burning medicine should be introfrom sixteen to twenty years of age. If duced in the eyes and its. back should widowed they soon remarry. The state be burned. I t happened that this case of society is still too primitive for the developed while the men were studying entry of the native trained nurse as we nervous physiology and it served to demknow her in America, India or China. onstrate many points. As there is a I have come to the conclusion that the history of epilepsy in the mother's imteachers and their wives are the key to mediate family, the case may well be an the situation. The more intelligent they instructive one to watch during the rebecome, the more training we can give maining two years of its residence here. them in the care of the sick and in pre- All such practical excursions into the ventive measures, the better. Kimpese mysterious realms hitherto sacred to offers a unique opportunity for th.is sort spirits is one way of convincing these of training, which appeals to me as more people that back of every such phenompracticable than training classes for enon is a natural and often preventable nurses. The Kimpese men will be the cause and not an evil, vengeful spirit. leaders in the districts to which they re- I often think that instruction in physiolturn. If they and their wives can min- ogy and allied subjects may be even more ister to the physical needs of their peo- potent than Biblical exposition in freein6 ple it is easily conceivable that they them from the fear and domination of may more readily gain their interest spiritism, their evil heritage from countin spiritual matters. In the good times less generations of fetish worshipers. that are coming the trained nurse will The healing of the sick is but a part of doubtless follow in their train. But for a medical missionary's duty in lands of the present I prefer to expend my ignorance and superstition. energy in training the former, and intend to do more and more along this The months while school is not in sesline. sion here are the busiest months in the medical department. I have quite as Not only class room but clinical in- large a dispensary practise here as I had struction extending through several years, at Banza Manteke, and so I usually find it may be, is possible here. A case in it difficult to get away from the station point is that of the two-year-old child for any length of time. I would like of one of the 'new students. A couple also to get my physiology lectures into of months ago it had an epileptoid seiz- text-book form and mimeograph them for ure due to improper feeding following next session's use. an acute attack of dysentery. All phe-

Woman's Federation

EDITED BY MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY, BEVERLY, MASSACHUSETTS THE EXECUTIVE COMMlTIEE OF THE FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA President-MRs. W,LL,AM A. MONTGOMERY, 110 Harvard St., Rochester, N. Y. Vice-President-Mlss MARGARET HODGE, 319 So.•pst St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Secretary-MRs. WILLIAM H. FARMER, 8 Draper Terrace, Montclair, N. J.

TreaJurer-M,ss O. H. LAWRENCE, 25 East 22nd St., N. Y.

CHAIRMEN OF COMMITTEES Methods of Work-MRS. ANNE R. ATWATER, College of Missions Buildings, Indianapolis, Ind. Summer Schools and Conferences-MRs. CHARLOTTE E. VICKERS, 3 [2 N. Elmwood Ave., Oak Park, III. Student Work-MRS. H. R. STEELE, 810 Broadway, Nashville, Tenn. Publications and Literature-MRs. HENRY W. PEABODY, Beverly, Mass. Christian Literature for Women and Children of Mission Lands-MIss ALICE KYLE, Congregational House, Boston, Mass. Interdenominational Institutions on the Foreign Field-MRS. WM. FRAZER McDoWELL, J509[ 16th St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

TTbe "Bulletin" and "TIle Re-vie,,'" church. To circulate such a magazine HE BULLETIN of the Federation of as this among the men and women of Women's Boards of Foreign Mis- our churches is one of the most valuable aids to missionary interests. sions becomes, with this issue, a part of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE Some of our missionaries out on the W ORLp. We hope, by this change, to firing line would enjoy a subscription to gain in two ways. Women who read THE REVIEW more than anything you THE REVIEW will learn about the ac- could send them. Have you heard how tivities of the Federation of Women's the soldiers in the trenches wait eagerly Boards, and the rapidly growing inter- for newspapers and letters telling of the denominational work for women in victories in other parts of the battlemany foreign fields. field? Nothing strengthens and heart- ens the lonely missionary stations in Those who have read the BULLETIN Asia and Africa like news from those will now have an opportunity to come who, like themselves, are separated from in touch with the broader field and the great army. They need the inspirawider interests represented in THE RE- tion and strength that will come through VIEW each month. There are Christian the pages of THE REVIEW. They will women of such limited vision that they thank you twelve times a year if you read no missionary periodical at all, and will give them this proof of your care so know nothing of the great world for them. movements of the Church of God. Others have gained some knowledge If the members of your Missionary from their own denominational maga- Society will contribute five or ten' cents zines. Still others long to know of the each, you could send one subscription victories of the whole army of God and to the missionary and give one to your eagerly seek such material as THE RE- own pastor. His missionary sermons VIEW offers. would take on a new flavor with the in- spiration of THE REVIEW. It has al- What could be better this year than ready proved invaluable to many. a subscription for THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD as a Christmas Miss Leavis, whom many of the present to each of our Women's Mis- women have learned to know through sionary Societies? Anyone of us can her association with the Central Comearn a copy by securing; a club in our mittee on the United Study of Foreign

Missions, has a capital plan in her "Two The present membership of this com- Bird Club." She will tell you how to mittee is: Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, secure THE REVIEW without any expense, if you will write to her at West Chairman; Miss E. Harriet Stanwood, Medford, Mass. l1rs. Decatur M. Sawyer, Mrs. Frank This month we bring you an intro- Mason North, Mrs. James A. Vebb, duction to the Federation with its manv J r., Mrs. A. V. Pohlman, Miss Olivia interesting lines of work. Next month H. Lawrence, and Miss Grace T. CoLother activities will be presented, show- burn, Secretary and Treasurer. ing the work of various committees affiliated with the Federation. For ten years the Macmillan Com- pany published the text-books. The Com- 'rbe l:llite(l Stully of Foreis'u lllissions mittee then took the publishing business into its own hands. It has also issued THE organization of the Central Junior text-books for ten years and a Committee on the United Study of large amount of supplementary material, maps, pictures, programs, cl~arts, and Foreign Missions preceded by twelve leaflets. The work of the Committee is years that of the Federation of Wom- done in its office in Vest Medford, en's Boards of Foreign lV1issions. The Mass., where Miss M. H. Leavis has Committee came into being the year of been a most valuable helper and manthe Ecumenical Council, 1900, through ager for the past seven years. The sale the thought and plan of Miss Abbie B. of books during the sixteen years has Child. Miss Child, who was a member amounted to approximately a million of the World Committee, secured a place and a quarter. for the discussion of the topic of united study on the program of one of the The plan of Summer Schools for 'omen's meetings of the Ecumenical Woman's ~Iissionary Societies was in- Council in New York. There it met troduced by the Central Committee in with cordial approval. Later a commit- the year 1904. The first experiment tee was formed with five members who was made at Northfield. There are "now were appointed as representatives of as some thirtv such schools, each under its many of the leading Women's Boards own comn;ittce, doing effective work in of :Missions. various parts of the country.

The members on this first committee The Voman's Foreign Mission Jubiwere: Chairman, Miss Abbie B. Child; lee was also inaugurated by the Central Committee, which furnished the neces- :1rs. J. T. Gracey, of the Methodist sary machinery and organization for such a movement. At the close of the Church; ~1rs. Twing, of the Protestant Jubilee in 19I1 the Committee requested Episcopal Church; Miss Ellen Parsons, that a larger and more representative of th~ Preshyterian Board: and l1 rs, organization be formed and that this N. M. Waterbury (now Mr>. H. W. Committee confine its attention for the Peabody), of the Baptist Board; Miss future to publishing books, the purpose Clementina Butler acted as secretary for which it was organized. A plan of and treasurer. Later two other boards federation ,vas drawn up and put in appointed members, the Lutheran and operation in 1912. In January, I9I5, Dutch Reformed, thus covering seven of the plans were modified and improved the great denominational divisions of the and the Federation now has under its Church. The members appointed by general direction various lines of work, these boards were: 11rs. A. V. Pohlman, vhich are presented in this issue. of the Lutheran Board, and Miss Olivia H. Lawrence, of the Dutch Reformed.

WOMEN'S FEDERATIO)J

CHRISTIAN LITERATURE FOR. OTHER WOMEN AND CHILDREN BY MISS ALICE M. KYLE, CHAIRMAN, BOSTON, MASS.

THE Committee on Christian Litera- In addition to the work in China, ture for Oriental Women and Chil- small grants have been made to Mrs. Motte Martin, a missionary in Africa dren has been lengthening cords and of the Southern Presbyterian Board, to strengthening stakes during 1916 and enable her to realize a long-cherished laying plans for a forward movement dream and to translate some simple during the coming year. It is almost stories of child life for the little folks of overwhelming to face the opportunities the Belgian Congo, and $50 has also· in the foreign field and to attempt to been sent to Rev. A. C. Clayton, of meet the needs of the women and chil- Madras, India, to aid in publishing textdren of all non-Christian lands for pure books for the Tamil-speaking women in and wholesome reading. Especially is that district. this true in Japan, where even Christian women are tempted to read salacious The budget of the Committee for stories, translated from the lowest class 1916 was $1,500, and this sum has been of French novels. received and slightly exceeded during the fiscal year. In addition to the regular The work which the Committee ini- budget, a sum has been received and fortiated in 1914 has been carried on vig- warded for the splendid work of Miss orously and with success. Happy Child- Laura M. White in Shanghai, China, hood, the magazine for Chinese children, and has been used by her for various published in Shanghai and edited by books and pamphlets which are far- Mrs. Donald MacGillivray, has now a reaching in their influence. monthly edition of over 3,000 and the subscription list is still growing. This The plans of the Committee have been little illustrated pamphlet of about six- correlated with the great movement in teen pages goes out into almost every behalf of Christian Literature on the province of China and into Chinese Mission Field, in charge of the Amerihomes in Burmah and even in America. can Section of the Christian Literature During the past year this young but Commission of the Edinburgh Confergrowing child of the Committee has de- ence, and Mrs. Henry W. Peabody and veloped so many needs that the editor, Miss Alice M. Kyle have been asked to who serves without compensation, has share in its deputation work and to arbeen compelled to employ a Chinese stu- range for a meeting of the Woman's dent as helper, and a part of the salary Boards having headquarters in Chicago, of this young woman has been paid by in order that this important branch of the Committee. This is putting into the missionary work may be presented to practice the thought which was early in the women of that city. the minds of those who planned this interdenominational organization – that The Christian Literature Society for young women should be trained to de- Japan, having in charge the movement vote themselves to the preparation of in that country, has been asked to apbooks and magazines for their own peo- point three women on its Committee ple, and that the expenses of such a plan in order that the plans made by the should be met by the budget for Chris- Woman's Committee in the United tian Literature provided by the Wom- States may be in line with its larger an's Boards of Foreign Missions of the undertakings. The same is true in In- United States. At present the funds dia, where the Committee for Christian are not sufficient to do more than make Literature for India has been approached this modest beginning in Shanghai of and where as soon as practicable steps meeting part of the salary of Mrs. Mac- will be taken to start a magazine for Gillivray's helper. students in that vas't country, possibly at first with syndicated material prepared

in English :lI1ct reproduced in the ver- Bulletins giving further details of this naculars by the various mission presses work may be obtaine(t for free distribuaccording to their desire and oppartunity. tion from M. H. Lcavis, West l1edford, lVlass., or fram the headquarters of the Nor is the crying need of South various Woman's Boards of Foreign America and her Spanish-speaking neigh- Missions, also from the office of the bors lost sight of. The Woman's Com- Foreign Missions Boards of North mittee necessarily moves slowly because America, 2S Madison Avenue, New of inadequate funds for the tremendous York. Sample copies of Happy Childcall which it is facing, to give to sister hood will he sent on application to the women, to mothers and to children, the chairman. printed page in something of the abundance and helpfulness which is true in We would urge all Christian women our Christian homes. of whatever communion to remember this appealing and urgent cause and to During the year books and magazines assist by their gifts and their prayers in in English have been sent to mission- preparing and distributing helpful readaries through the agency of the Book ing matter to those Christian women and Periodical Club, a branch of the who are shut in by the customs and work assumed by the Woman's Com- prejudices of their own national life and whO' are calling to us, their highly famittee, now in charge of Miss Lila V. vored sisters, for instruction, far uplift- ing and for joy-bringing influences. North, Bradford Academy, Bradford, Mass., whO' is alsO' the treaSUler of the Committee.

SUMMER SCHOOLS AND CONFERENCES BY CHARLOTTE E. VICKERS SO remarkable has been the grawth af pared to become leaders, teachers and the Mission Study Movement since lecturers alang missionary lines.

that memorable accasian when, in big- There has been a constantly increas- ness af faith, the missianary wamen put ing demand all over the cauntry for in- forth the first mission study text-baok, formatian regarding those who are "Via Christi," following the Ecumenical equipped to dO' this wark. TO' abtain Cauncil held in New York in 1900, that the names of thooe fitted to' supply the it is with difficulty we realize that there demand, over thirty National Mission- ever was a time when we attempted to ary Boards have been cammunicated dO' the work af arousing an indifferent with and a number af responses have and lethargic Church withaut the aid af been received. From eleven denamina- the missianary text-baok, summer school, tions forty-six names af women who can narmal class and lecturer. Truly God qualify have been registered. As soon is encouraging the wamen thraugh past as possible after the annual meeting in successes to' "expect great things from January, 1917, "The Federation of Him and to' attempt great things for Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of Him." North America" will publish a leaflet Missionary education has made great giving all thi, information.

progress, women have seen a visian, and have made that visian practical in a IIuportant Notice thausand ways, and have pressed for- WILL leaders of Summer Schoals af ward to new endeavor, urged by the Missions and Conferences kindly unlimited possibilities in the future. send programs, registrations (by States Preparation for service-"prepared- and denominations), and any ather infor- ness," if you will-is the demand of the mation that would be of special interest, women of to-day. Summer Schools, and, if passible, dates for halding the Winter Institutes and Extension Confer- 1917 sessians, to' CHARLOTTE E. VICK- ences are supplying that need to a large ERS, Chairman, 312 N. Elmwood Ave- extent, and women are thus being pre- nue, Oak Park, Illinais.

®.. BEST

DUU. . . ~::::.'=.~.::.::.':.."".DUU.".@ MISSIONARY METHODS IN YOUNG PEOPLE'S SOCIETIES BY R. P. ANDERSON, 31 MT. VERNON STREET, BOSTON Associate Editor of The Christian Endeavor World.

TWENTY years ago or marc a great the answer will in many cases be given, soap manufacturing firm ir. England "Here am I, send me."

decided to cut down its advertising. We propose to outline some plans that The firm's name was a household word, have been tried, with good effect, in vaand the manager believed that, advertis- rious lines of missionary work in young ing or no advertising, the sales would people's societies. maintain their high level. The Prayer Plan The advertising was curtailed and the sales immediately began to drop. At The Master Himself tells us to "pray the end of a year the firm was adver- the Lord of the harvest that He will tising more than ever, engaged in the send forth laborers into His harvest," rather stiff job of trying to regain lost and Paul, himself a missionary, contrade. To sell soap they had to "talk stantly calls for the prayers of the soap." Church for himself and his work. Some societies use a missionary calendar, giv- It is the same in the Kingdom of ing the name of definite missionaries or God. If the ChUlch were suddenly to definite fields for daily or weekly stop talking about missions (alas! how prayer. Usually a week is given to a many churches have already stopped, or field, the names of special missionaries have never begun!) missionary interest being added, and a calendar covering would die in a few years, except in the three or even six months prepared. Unhearts of an awakened few. People are less, however, vivid oral information is not born with missionary interest. Most also given relative to fields and missionpeople do not even seek it. Such inter- aries, the calendar is not likely to be of est must be thrust upon them. much use. Each week the calendar ought to be supplemented by a four or The time t.J begin to talk missions is five minutes' talk by one of the memin the springtime of life. If the thoughts bers, who will give some simple facts of the young people ot our churches can about the missionaries for whom prayer be turned upon evangelizing the world, is to be offered during the following we shall train up a generation of mis- week. To make sure that this is done, sionary-minded men and women who it is essential to have a missionary inwill give not only their substance but formation committee, whose duty it is to also themselves to Christ's cause in other see that these talks are given and that lands. the society is kept informed. Leave no loose ends. Ask the members to pr::y Already work done among young peo- for definite persons and things. The ple has borne rich fruit. Many a mis- missionary boards are glad to supply masionary now on the field caught the first terial for such talks, and the MISSIONvision of his life-work in the young peo- ARy REVIEW OF THE WORLD contains ple's society. Youth is the time of just the kind of information that IS vision. It is the ideal time for enlist- helpful. ment. The life-plans of the great majority of the members of societies are I nformation by Reading not yet crystallized. These young folks, more often than we imagine, are asking Some societies have stimulated interthemselves: What shall we do with our est by a reading contest between two lives? If Christ's call, "Whcm shall I send?" can be brought home to them,

sides, the members reading and outlining to them. They want to pit their in the meeting some missionary hooks. strength against others, to test their Where a scheme of this kind seems in- knowledge and ability. It is a part of advisable, a serial missionary biography their very life. Ve may use this tenmay be introduced. One of the mem- dency and consecrate it to the service of bers who has the gift of narration reads the Kingdom. some great, stirring missionary book at home and tells the story, chapter by The Model Missionary Meeting chapter, one chapter a night, in the society. Many young people imagine that Some societies, inspired with missiona missionary book is dull reading until ary enthusiasm, have formed flying they either read or hear read the life- squadrons to visit other societies and story of a great missionary. Perhaps one present to them model missionary meetof the greatest missionary books that ings. The size of the squadrons dehas been published in recent years is pends on the number of members that a "Mary Slessor of Calabar," by W. P. society can spare, say, once a month, but Livingstone (New York; Hodder and five or six is the usual number. One Stoughton), a volume that will forever effective method of carrying on this dispel the notion that missions and mis- squadron work was developed in Boston. sionary work are vapid and colorless. The particular squadron I have in mind The story of this woman's amazing life, believed that it could better hold the inor the story of almost any great mission- terest of the society it was visiting if it ary's life, will stir the imagination, set modified the idea of giving a model misthe heart on fire and create the desire sionary meeting by getting the members for more knowledge of a tremendously of the society to take some part. This interesting field. There can be no in- was done in the following way. The spiration in any line without informa- squadron leader prepared some question. Ten or fifteen minutes given in tions to which the replies could be given each meeting, for a time, to missionary in numbers. These numbers were writbiography will work wonders in any so- ten on cards, and the cards were disciety. A brief quiz should be held at tributed among the members of the soeach meeting on that part of the story cieties visited. Other questions were told the preceding evening. prepared, the answers to which called for a brief statement, and cards with Classes in Competition such statements were also handed around. The squadron leader introduced Mr. A. LaVerne Spafford, of Grand the subject, explaining that questions Rapids, Mich., tells us of a society in would be asked to which answers were Kalamazoo, Mich., which organized one supplied on the cards, and urging each mission-study class for boys and two one caref.ully to watch and supply the classes for girls. There were fifteen answer when he believed he had it on members in the boys' class and ten in his card. The leader put questions to each of the two classes for girls. The the other members of the squadron, who classes were conducted along the usual replied to. the questions and gave each lines, but they had the stimulus of com- a short talk. Everybody was kept on petition as to the amount of knowledge the lookout, when a question was assimilated. The effect was seen in an asked, to see if his or her card gave the entirely new interest in missions in that correct answer. Some amusing mistakes society, and a larger sum was raised for were made, which served to increase the missions that year than the society had interest. The method was simple, and ever raised before. An interesting it proved both popular and practical. feature of such a scheme would be a public quiz, or missionary spelling-bee, on Missionary Standards the subject studied by the classes. We are dealing with young people at an age The young people's society will find when the contest idea appeals strongly its work greatly facilitated if, at the be- ginning of the working year, it adopts

METHODS

a definite standard for its effort. Much 2. At least twelve missionary meetof our work falls short of its full possibility because the aim is too general. ings in the year. Young people take heartily to specific 3. A missionary reading-circle or a tasks, the more definite the better, and they eagerly try to follow whatever reading-contest. definite plans are suggested to carry their 4- Provision for missionary contrihutasks to completion. Many State Christian Endeavor Unions, alive to this fact, tions in the society's budget of expenses. taught by long experience, outline a se- 5. Seventy-five per cent of the active ries of standards, year by. year, for their members to follow. members enrolled as systematic givers To illustrate: the Illinois Union has to missions. issued a series of graded policies for so- 6. Annual contributions to each of cieties in the State. The first policy suggests a minimum of work that any our denominational boards, direct or missionary committee should be willing through the church treasurer. to put through. Many societies will start with the second, or even the third 7. One mission-study class at least. policy; but the idea is to have all socie- 8. The use of group-impersonations in ties make a definite beginning, those using the first policy this year to pass on at least two of the missionary meetings. to the second next year, and so on to 9. Conduct some form of missionary the third. The policies follow: work in our community, as opportunitv offers.

10. The introduction of missionary- education material into all meetings when possible.

II. A yearly canvass of the church for subscriptions to the denominational papers, missionary magazines, and The Christian Endeavor World.

12. Systematic training in Christian stewardship and tithing.

13. The enrolment of an informal prayer band, the members of which agree to pray daily for missions.

POLICY NO. I Missionary work in young people's so- cieties cannot be made interesting or suc- Trusting in the Lord Jesus Christ for cessful unless brains and time are put strength 'Loe, the members of the mis- into the plans. These standards are sug- sionary committee, agree to attempt to gestions. They may be altered in any carry out the following plans during way a society chooses. The great thing our term: is to have definite standards, a clear and visible goal, and then make for it with I. An organized committee of at least might and main. five members, to each of whom definite duties are assigned. A Missionary Bookmark 2. At least six missionary meetings a A missionary bookmark is simply a re- year. minder. It may also be used as a mis- sionary calendar. On one side may be 3. A missionary reading-circle or a printed the names of the missionaries for reading-contest. whom prayer is desired, and the dates given to each missionary.. On the other 4. Seventy-five per cent of the active side may be printed missionary texts or members enrolled as systematic givers great missionary sayings, or the dates to missions. and subjects of the society's missionary meetings. 5. Annual contributions to each of our denominational boards, direct or through Tithing Week for Missions the church treasurer. The ideal way to secure funds for POLICY NO.2 missionary work, and, indeed, for all church work, is to train church members This is the same as the first policy, to give to God one-tenth of their inwith the addition of the following come, the sacred tenth, and to use dupoints: plex envelopes in which to place their weekly gifts. No large number of young 6. At least one mission-study class. 7. The use of group-impersonations in at least two missionary meetings. 8. Conduct some missionary work in our community, if opportunity offers.

POLICY NO.3 I. An organized committee of at least five members, at least two of whom have served on the previous committee, defi- nite duties to be assigned to each.

people will undertake to give tithes to "1 A4i.l'.I'iOll Trust Company the Lord without a very careful and persistent campaign of education. Lit- A young people's society in Galesville, erature must be secured and distributed Wis., hit upon the idea of a mission trust every two weeks or so for a period of company. Miss Ella D. Kneeland, the not less than six months.* The sub- missionary chairman at the time, issued ject must be talked up enthusiastically, shares like the following: and the blessing of tithing shown. The society, a majority of whose members No …….. Shares . …. , .. gives tithes, will never have trouble about raising missionary or any other "Go YE ,INTO ALL THE WORLD" money. This certifies that ……………… . A step in the direction of tithing may is the owner of. ~ …… shares of capibe taken by having a tithing week for tal stock of miSSiOns. This plan was tried in the South, where the Endeavorers all over THE GALESVILLE CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR the southern States set apart the week of May 22-28 as tithing week for this MISSION TRusr COMPANY purpose. The money went into the society's treasury and was paid, not to Shares twenty-five cents each Christian Endeavor, but to the various denominational missionary boards. The Nearly every member bought one advertising was done through the local share and some took four shares. The paper, The Dixie Endeavorer, leaflets plan was adopted to help to pay a pledge explaining the plan were sent out, and to missions, and it brought in more than also special envelopes for the gifts. was needed. It may be added that the Printed on these envelopes was this mes- missionary committee invited all the sage: stockholders of the company to a party at the home of one of the members, c. E. TITHING WEEK FOR MISSIONS-MAY where a fine social time was spent. 22-28, 1916 Macedonian Call I will give at least one-tenth of my income for the week of May 22-28 to During a great gathering of young the missionary work of my denomina- people in Chicago last fall one of the tion through the Christian Endeavor periods given to missionary instruction treasurer. was entitled "Macedonian Calls for Life-Work Recruits." This Life-Work I have no regular income but I will Recruit movement originated, we believe, earn as much as I can during the week among Endeavorers in Ohio. Believing of May 22-28, to be given to the mis- that many young people were ready to sionarv work of my denomination promise the Master of men that they through the Christian Endeavor treas- would shape their studies and their lives urer. so that, if He called them, they would be ready to obey the summons and de- Sign tbis and return it to treasurer of vote their full time to His work at home your society who will make a record of or abroad, some of the leaders, a few it and return the envelope to you to en- years ago, printed a Life-Work Recruit close your offering on May 28. pledge which has won large acceptance in Endeavor circles. The idea has * Leallets and tithing literature may be spread all over the States and is now an important feature of Christian Endeavor secured from "Layman," 143 N. Wabash work. The card is given by the Min- Avenue, Chicago, III. A self-addressed nesota Christian Endeavor Union to envelope to him will bring full informa- Recruits to sign and keep. The pledge tion. See also leallet by Robert E. Speer reads: from the December, 1916, REVIEW (1 cent each).

"Feeling myself called by the Holy gram awaits the young people-Korea, perhaps, this time. The customs of the Spirit, and trusting in tlte Lord Jeslls country are shown or described, and Ko- Christ for strength, I promi.'e Him thai reans in costume are ready to give facts about their native land. Solos and reci- I 'will from this day strive to shape the tations are, of course, in order. plans of my life so that I may give my- self wholly to the service of Christ and the Church."

Thousands of young people have al- So country after country is visited, ready signed these pledges. Some of the each one in a different house, and the young folks are now on the foreign evening winds up with a social time at field; some are in home mission work; the last house. The plan may be carothers are in training. In the Chicago ried out in a single church, using differmeeting, referred to above, the "calls" ent rooms for the different countries.

were brought to the gathering by the Ii Missionary Slogan pastor's assistant of a large city church, a worker from a slum district, a home This missionary slogan was entirely missionary, a Japanese student converted home-made. In the original the large to Christianity by foreign missions iLl letters were stencilled, white on black Japan, and a busy Chicago pastor. A ground, and the small letters were Life-Work Recruit meeting in a society printed with a broad-pointed pen. Noshould form the climax of a period of tice the motto at the bottom. This is educational mission study. Information one that has stirred the hearts of many first! Who knows but Livingstones and young people to larger endeavor. Moffatts and Hudson Taylors are waiting for just such a call?

The Peripatetic Missionary Meeting C. E. MISSIONARY SLOGAN The peripatetic missionary meeting should be advertised as a personally con- For the Year ducted tour around the world. $60 After a happy sing at the place of FOR MISSIONS meeting, usually the church, the company is told that it is to be taken to a Will you do your share? strange land, the name of which each We can do it if we w;ll. one must guess when he or she gets We must do it if we can. there. The young people set forth, fol- lowing the leader, and, preferably, Ii Mammoth Thermometer marching in twos or threes. The first stop is made at the home of a member, Mr. John Sorenson, of Council or, it may be, at some other church, Bluffs, Iowa, tells how the Second Preswhere a room has been decorated to rep- resent a certain country, say China. byterian Society of that city constructed The kow-towing attendants are in cos- a mammoth thermometer for the collectume, and pictures of the country are on tion of money for missions. walls and tables. The pictures may be taken from magazines. Curios are also A piece of smooth lumber, one inch displayed. The host or hostess, or both, thick and ten feet six inches long, was give some facts about China, its mis- secured. The top was rounded off to give it the appearance of a thermome- sions, its needs, call attention to the ter, and a long, rounded groove, one- curios and pictures, explaining them. half inch deep, was cut nearly the whole One or two hymns may be sung and re- length of the wood. freshments served-but that will depend Then some glass tubes were securedon local conditions or the program at steam-gauges were used-twelve or places of call later on. more inches in length. These tubes The company again sets forth to visit were placed in the groove and fixed in another country, where a similar pro- position by small bands of brass, one-

quarter inch broad, laid over the joints who arc perfectly contrnt with the be- of the tubes and fa3tcned (0 the board by lids they already have. This is the tacks. rathcr shallow view 0ppollcnts of mis- sions often express. A study of missions, If tubes cannot be procured, get a however, shows that enormously more long strip of galvanized iron cut the important issues are involved. Chicago length of the groove and wide enough Endeavorers recently organized 193 to go around a one-half inch water-pipe, mission-study classes. Among the leaving an open space of about one- printed matter advertising these classes eighth of an inch all the way up. The the following six replies to the ques- galvanized iron may be hammered into tion, "What was the chief gain you deshape, around the pipe, with a wooden rived from the study of missions?" were mallet. Place this galvanized iron tube used. Here are the answers: ' in the groove instead of the glass tubes, and leave the opening outward so that I. A clearer realization of the probyou may be able to see the pennies, nickels lems confronting the world. or dimes that are put into the tube. 2. A larger idea at what the Chris- Pile fifty coins on top of one another tian life means. and measure carefully the space they occupy. Now mark the thermometer at 3. A wider knowledge of economic intervals of fifty coins. The figures and social conditions. may be burned into the wood with a pyrographic outfit. 4. A new idea of the glory of a life spent in leading others to a knowledge For the mercury bulb at the bottom of Jesus Christ. get a three-inch wooden ball and saw it in two. Bore a hole through the ther- 5. A realization of the superiority mometer at the place where the bulb is of the Christian religion. to be fixed and fasten the one-half of the bulb to the thermometer by means 6. A realization of unlimited opporof a screw from the back, so that the tunity in missions as a life-work. bulb may be removed when you want to take out the money. These suggest topics that any society may work up in preparing for mission- The young people endeavor to fill the study classes, or in trying to arouse intube with the coins, which are put in at terest in the larger aspects of missions. the top. They will turn over and lie flat when they reach the bottom, and Finally the figures on the thermometer indicate the amount collected. The young people's society forms one of the finest fields for the church's mis- Such a thermometer can be used many sionary educational efforts. It is a field times. It has the advantage of being often neglected in the local church. If easily adapted to the needs of a contest. there is in the church a man or woman and can be loaned to the Sunday School whose heart is afire for missions, the or to other societies. Two tubes may thing to do is to get into touch with the be placed on the thermometer instead of missionary committee of the young peoone, and two sides can try to fill each ple's society. If its members have ideas, its own tube. The thermometer may help the young people to work them out. be made a permanent affair in a society Help by suggestion and kindly advice, and used to collect any odd missionary not by dictation or by doing the work. pennies the members may have with If the young people have no ideas, sug- gest things to them. Show them how to them. make meetings interesting. Coach them. Pray with them and for them. And Why Study Missions? work with them. One successful mis- sionary meeting will make them eager Until one has made a study of mIs- fo,r more. Confidence will rise, and insions one may have the idea that mis- terest with confidence, until the whole sions concern themselves merely with society catches the vision of winning the changing the religious views of people world for Jesus Christ.

fROM MANY 1ANDS

~(JR'l'H A1UERICA tirely by the wishes of the community residents in each case. The Growth of Christian Endeavor Chicago Y. M. C. A. Missions TIfE United Society of Christian En- deavor gives new evidence of grow- FIVE years ago the total foreign mis- sionary budget of the Chicago ing strength in many directions. During the past twelve months nearly 3,500 Young Men's Christian Association was new societies have been formed. The $4,000. This was devoted to the suptwo-year campaign for 10,000 new socie- port of two secretaries in Hongkong ties and a million new members not only and to a few scattering enterprises. Last for the societies but for the churches year the total gifts from the Association will probably be successful. . . . and its friends for the foreign work and the army work in Europe reached the The reports from the South are espe- splendid total of $89,81I.50. This is cially encouraging. In this field, which larger than the total cost of the conduct heretofore has been backward in Chris- of the city Association. In other words, tian Endeavor, over 700 new societies the time has come in the Chicago Y ollng have been formed within the year in Men's Christian Association when the white churches. budget for benevolence is greater than for current expenses. With these re- A Sunday Sehoul Centennial sources the salaries of thirteen secretaries are paid and four others are partially THE American Sunday School Union supported. is preparing to celebrate its one hun- A Chicago editor, commenting on dredth anniversary next year. this, says: "We do not know of any At present it has over 230 active mis- other foreign missionary program that has been carried out within the last five sionaries at work in the United States, years with such astonishing gain In their object being to establish and equip financial resources and effi.ciency of Sunday Schools in communities which equipment." are without religious development. These schools are founded on union The Battle Creeli: Conferences principles, under which the people of each community are brought together in UNDER the presidency of Dr. James common worship. L. Barton, Secretary of the Ame;'i- The work is very frequently in unde- can Board, and at the generous invitaveloped sections of the country, difficult tion of Dr. J. H. Kellogg and the Battle of access, and many of them, especially Creek Sanitarium, the Eighth Annual in the earlier days, have experienced Medical Missionary Conference, held at hardships of almost every conceivable Battle Creek. Mich., from November kind. 29 to December 30, was a noteworthy occasion. The program was made up of During the past year nearly fifteen unusually strong speakers from prachundred new Sunday Schools have been tically every mission board and all the organized, into which over seven thou- mission fields. The motion pictures each sand teachers and over sixty-eight thou- evening by Rev. Sumner R: Vinton were sand scholars have been gathered. The remarkable, and the addresses by missociety's representatives also visited and sionaries, medical and clerical, were very rendered aid to 14,753 schools. instructive. About one hundred and sixty delegates registered, and there were, The American Sunday School Union besides, many distinguished visitors. Ilis undenominational. Its board of mana- luminating addresses were given by Dr. gers consists of laymen, representing John F. Goucher on "The Coming of seven different denominations. A large percentage of the Sunday Schools organized later develop into denominational churches, all of which is governed en-

the Kingdom," by Dr. James L. Barton spend the next year. Probably this is on "The Disintegration of Islam," by the only missionary society in the world Rev. W. R. Stewart on "Christian Stu- to adopt this plan. Hitherto large supdent Movement in China," by Rev. Jo- porters of the society have been Roman seph Clark on "Progress in Africa," and Catholics in France, Germany and Aus- tria. N ow Roman Catholics of A]nerby Dr. J. H. Franklin on the "Spiritual ica are called upon to assume a burden previously divided among older Roman Side of Medical Missions." The Con- Catholic peoples. American Roman ference would have been still more ef- Catholics gave last year some forty thoufected if there had been fewer addresses sand dollars more than ever before, and and more time for informal conference. made America's contribution more than a quarter of a million dollars. The arch- NeW' Records in Methodist Missions diocese of New York contributed $191,000, an amount almost equal to I N spite of disturbed conditions owing what France gives in normal times. to the European War, the total re- American contributors are singled out ceipts of the Board of Foreign Missions for specific mention in the report because of the Methodist Episcopal Church for of the notable growth of financial sup- 1916 were $1,933,256.31. This shows port given to missions in America within a total increase of $232,682.51 over the last century. 1915, which had held the record as a banner year. All Indian COlun1issioll IhO'g'ed This statement was made at the an- THOSE interested in the welfare of nual meeting of the Board, held in New the American Indian find in the York in the autumn. Figures were given for forty-three mission fields. This platform of the annual Lake Mohonk has been a record year, not only in the Conference on the Indian and Other amount of money raised, but in the num- Dependent Peoples the most adequate ber of workers sent out. The Board has summary of the Indian situation. The sent out ninety-four new missionaries in 1916 Conference made the following the past twelve months. Twenty-six constructive recommendation: have gone to India, twenty-five to China, fourteen each to Malaysia and South "A permanent, stable and developing America, four to Africa, three each to policy is essential. We therefore urge Japan, Burma and Mexico, and two to the creation of a non-partisan, independthe Philippines. ent commission, permanent in its charac- ter, which should make a careful exami- NeW' Buildings for Berea College nation of the mass of Indian legislation on our statute books and from it develop A T the last meeting of the trustees of an Indian law, general in its provisions, Berea College, Berea, Kentucky, comprehensive in its policy, forwardplans were discussed for new buildings looking in its purpose. Such law, when and a greater endowment for the college. enacted by Congress, should take the It was decided to create five departments, place of all existing legislation except each presenting its own type of educa- permanent treaties, and thereafter the tion, with a grouping of buildings to re- administration of this law and the applisemble that of an English university. cation of its principles to the varying con- The departments will be known as Col- ditions of the various tribes should be legiate, Vocational, Normal, Secondary, left by the Congress to the commission, and Foundation. The buidings are to be to which should be committed the entire of colonial architecture. It was also de- charge of the Indian service. We urge cided to establish chairs in forestry, rural this plan, not only to secure greater economics and rural education. economy and efficiency but also to pro- mote a consistent, continuing and devel- ROlDan Catholic Finances oping policy-a need recognized as of the utmost importance by all workers in A NOTABLE feature in the method by which the Roman Catholics conduct their missionary propaganda is that they collect one year the money they

FROM MANY LANDS

the Indian service. The ultimate object building of the Polytechnic Institute of of this policy should be to bring the pres- Porto Rico. ent abnormal condition of the Indian to an end as speedily as possible by the in- A Crowded School in Cuba corporation of the Indian in the general citizenship of the nation." FROM the Colegios Internacionales, Cristo, Cuba, comes an encouraging Russians In Canada report. The school has never been so T HERE are now about 100,000 Rus- full as at the present time. Already they sians in Canada. They have set- have 123 boarders, and many have had to tled chiefly in the west, though there are be turned away for lack of accommodaconsiderable colonies in eastern towns tions: President Routledge writes to the and cities. In the centers thev are usu- Baptist Home Mission Society, which ally laborers, working on th~ railways supports the school: "If we only had tbe or streets or in factories. In the rural $38,000 for the new buildings which you districts many of them till their own propose to give, we could fill those buildfarms, living, however, in villages, and ings almost at once. The work will clinging to the ways of the mother-coun- have to be undertaken at an early date try. There are Greek Orthodox or the opportunity will pass on and may churches and priests in these colonies. not return." From the beginning this Bishops, too, have been located in east- institution has had unusual success. The ern and western Canada. But, while college itself is of the grade of the Cuban the Greek ritual is diligently practised, provincial institutes. There is a preparalittle instruction in Bible truth is given tory department and also a normal deand the pure gospel is not proclaimed. partment, where teachers for primary The Canadian churches have done little schools receive their training, and a theofor these newcomers. The Baptists have logical department for the Baptist native a very few missionaries among them. preachers. When non-Protestant parents The Presbyterian Church confines itself are willing to pay as much as twenty-five to its mission in Winnipeg. dollars a month to send their boys and girls to Cristo College, surely the neces- 1,ATIN-A1UERICA sary room should be provided for them. The Christian atmosphere of the school Porto Rico Christian Students is fine, and each year sees numbers of its students, future leaders in Church and THE Polytechnic Institute in Porto State, brought to a knowledge of our Master as their personal Lord and Sa- Rico the past June had the distinc- vIOur. tion of graduating the first class of students from a Christian industrial insti- All Opportunity in Uruguay tution in the 400 years' history of the West Indies. Five boys and one girl I N Cerro, one of the suburbs of the composed the membership of this class. growing city of Montevideo, U ru- guay, and itself a community of about Students come to the school from all 12,000 people, an earnest Sunday School parts of the island and San Domingo, on worker, Miss Estella C. Long, has refoot, in ox carts, on horseback, in boats, cently been doing some remarkable work. on trains and in automobiles, and the When Miss Long went there, seven spirit of co-operation and service is so months ago, she found a Sunday School strong that rich and poor work side by of fifteen; to-day there are 170 in the side in the most menial or hardest man- Spanish Department and twenty in the uallabor. English Department. This Sunday School meets in her house, which has four There was an average of ninety-one rooms and two large enclosed patios. It students enrolled last year, and the in- begins at 3.30, but as early as 1 o'clock come from student labor-which goes the children gather at the door, and they into permanent improvement of the in- are all there long before the school starts. stitute-for the year ending August 31, 1916, was $4,904.20. This year 166 students are working as a unit in the up-

In Montevideo are located two of the The Pocket Testament Leag'ue at the great packing houses-Swift's and Morris Brothers. Over 2,000 of Swift's Front workmen have formed a club, with a night school, and Miss Long gives them pROBABLY no other agency is be- English lessons once a week. A class of ing more used of God among the sixty women and children come once a week for a sewing circle; two hundred soldiers of Europe than the Pocket Tesgirls and women from Swift's canning tament League. Through its instrumenfactory have asked what can be done for tality hundreds of thousands of men at them. Fifty boys and girls and yaung the front have accepted Christ. The men are gathered in the morning and League is a soul-winning, Bible reading evening classes. movement, which in the eight years since it was officially launched in Philadelphia 'J'HE BRITISH ISLES by Dr. J. Wilbur Chapman and Mr. War ArguJUents Against Aleollol Charles M. Alexander has spread around REPORTS come from England that the world. The pledge to carry a Bible the new Lloyd George Cabinet will or Testament and to read a chapter each day has been signed by over three million favor national prohibition as a war meas- members. ure. Not long ago there was presented to the British Government a petition Small khaki Pocket Testam~nts, issued eleven miles long, the burden of which by the Pocket Testament League, have was a prayer for the prohibition of tlie been sent to the military training camps liquor traffic during the war and for six of Europe as fast as the printing presses months thereafter. Every class of citi- could produce them. The result is exzens was represented, but workingmen emplified in the following incident: are said to be in the majority. Many soldiers and sailors put their names to the A few days after the Pocket Testarequest, and one sheet was entirely made ment League work began among the solup of army officers of high rank. A con- diers on Salisbury Plain, a Sergeant siderable proportion of the memorialists came to the workers and asked for "one are not total abstainers, but men who of the little Books." He said, "My feel that England in time of war cannot squad was the worst in the whole camp, afford to waste her vitality with alcohol. and I could not maintain discipline and Here are the arguments used for pro- was about to resign. This morning the hibition: men gathered round me after drill and said, 'Sergeant, don't we have better dis- I t hinders the army, delays munitions, cipline than we used to have?' I replied, keeps thousands of men from war work, 'Yes.' 'Do vou know what has done it?' makes good workmen second rate. carne from the men. Immediately they all pulled out the little Testaments, say- Hampers the navy, delays transports, ing, 'It's up to you, Sergeant, to join, places them at the mercy of submarines, too.' So I have come to sign up the slows down repairs and congests docks. Pocket Testament League Pledge."

Threatens the mercantile marine, ab- ."'- IJnite-tl Free Church of En~'lan«l? sorbing during the war between 60,000,- 000 and 70,000,000 cubic feet of space, T HE meeting of the joint committee, and retards building of ships. representing thirteen denominations, to consider proposals for a United Free Destroys food supplies; in twenty Church of England, was held recently months of war it consumed over 2,500,- at Mansfield College, Oxford, with 000 tons of food, with sugar enough to last the nation eighty days, and uses up Rev. J. H. Shakespeare presiding. Eighmore sugar than the army. ty-two members were present, and Wastes our financial strength; in the progress was made toward an ultimate first twenty months of the war our peo- working program. The committee which ple spent on alcohol 300,000,000 sterling. had in charge the basis of federation re- ported that it felt any federation of churches should admit communicants to communion at all free churches alike. It

FROM MANY LANDS

was also recommended that a federal from the appeals issued by the commitcouncil be created, "consisting of mem- tees which are seeking to raise funds for bers duly appointed by the assemblies or their relief: supreme courts" of the federating churches, and that this council should "Fourteen million Poles, including all have general advisory powers, together the children under seven years of age, with such executive and administrative have already been wiped out of existence. powers as the churches might give to it Five hundred thousand young Polish later. These suggestions were adopted girls have had their lives shattered by by the joint committee, and special com- the greatest tragedy that can come to a mittees were appointed on faith, consti- woman. More than 200 towns have tution, evangelization and the ministry. completely disappeared; 20,500 villages Another meeting will be held in the have been leveled to the ground; 1,600 spring to hear the reports of these four churches are in ruins. The loss in propcommittees, when the first-named body erty destroyed exceeds $11,000,000,000. will present a declaratory statement of The whole country is but a vast cemetery. the common faith of the evangelical free Money reaches Poland without delaychurches of England, and the committee by way of Switzerland. The embargo on constitution will outline a working concerns only foodstuffs and raw maagreement. terials."

A Sunday School Ca'lnpaign "Of the three hundred and seventy- five thousand Albanians made homeless THE London Sunday School Union during the work of devastation and con- is undertaking to raise $125,000, to quest carried on by Servia, Greece and l10nte'negro in 1913, 1914 and 1915, at be used in an aggressive campaign for least one hundred and fifty thousand have Sunday School development, to meet the died of starvation. The rest will die. crisis that has overtaken Europe, not only With them will die three or four hunin relation to the war, but in the decline in Sunday School attendance reported . dred thousand victims of the famine." from all denominations as having set in prior to the war. Of this amount, it is :Ualagasy Christians in Europe planned to use $25,000 for the extension of institute work to help the soldier I T is one of the unexpected results of boys on their return from the war; the war that French Christians $25,000 to develop the Continental Sun- should have an opportunity of seeing the day School work of the Union; $25 ,(XJo products of missionary work in Madafor extension of Sundav School teacher- gascar. training in India and China; $25,000 for aiding the weak schools of local Unions, A number of :Malagasy Christians and $25,000 for the extension of Junior have come to France as sharpshooters, or Departmental work, aiding isolated rural artisans, or employed in various branches district schools, assisting the Sunday of munition work, or as cattle drivers. School Union Children's Convalescent The Paris Missionary Society has been Homes, providing for teachers' training able to arrange that one of its missionand strengthening the general adminis- aries, M. Parisot, should be attached to trative funds of the Sunday School a Malagasy regiment as hospital orderly. Union. At Versailles and elsewhere, Protestant THE CONTINEN'r pastors have been greatly pleased to see Malagasy attending the services; and in AI,peals for Polalul antI Albania the military zone Protestant chaplains report a similar experience. One of THOSE who are familiar with the these, walking through the village where conditions in both Poland and Al- he is stationed, observed a colored man reading the Bible in a strange tongue to bania can apparently not find words to a group of fellow-countrymen; they describe the distressing plight of the peo- proved to be Malagasy drovers. Forty ple of both these countries. We quote of them attended service on Sunday, where they helped greatly in the singing.

A letter from a nurse in the French with the largest enrollment in its hiscamp at Salonika tells how a little group tory and a staff of instructors doing of Protestants, consisting of the pastor, vigorous work. four French soldiers, herself and another nurse, were cheered by the arrival of a Of the 290 girls in the college and hundred Malagasy, and by their ad- preparatory departments last year there mirable and hearty singing of hymns in were 63 Turks, 102 Armenians, 26 Bultheir own language. garians, 62 Greeks, and Russians, Per- sians, Italians, Albanians, Americans and AA. Cll.ristian Nurse in l-Ionastir Jews. Among the Turkish girls were LETTER from Miss Mary L. fourteen whose tuition is being paid by .i. Matthews, principal of the Girls' the Turkish Government and who are Boarding and High School in Monastir, expected to become teachers. Another gives an idea of the steadfastness in the Turkish student was a grand-daughter midst of changes which is characteristic of the late Kiamil Pasha, who was Grand of Christian missionaries. When Miss Vizier. Matthews reached Monastir, in September, 1915, she vas for a time in Serbian This year the enrollment has reached territory. Presently Bulgaria regained 400. Most of the girls, of course, live the city, and the missionaries received no in Constantinople, as conditions caused mail after October 18 until February 5· by the war make it almost impossible The school has not been interrupted to get into the city from outside. The at' all. college has succeeded in protecting the Armenian girls in its student body very lVliss Matthews writes: "Sister Hilda effectually, and in several cases, when (Miss Hawley), who is in Monastir, Armenian families were deported from came in the fall, while this city was still Constantinople last year, their daughters, in Serbia, and was given charge of the students in the college, were allowed to military hospital, the largest in the city. remaIn. What it meant for a young woman to go, as the only trilined nurse, into such The trustees of the college are seeka place and clean up the wards and the ing to raise $1,000,000 for additional patients until they were free from ver- equipment. min, can best be appreciated by one who saw the conditions before and afterward. NenT Ot,euing,s ill Asia Minor When the Bulgarians came, Sister Hilda withdrew, as she was not sure what the REV. ROB E R T STAPLETON new government would desire. But the sailed from America on November Bulgarian officials had heard of her efficient service, and gave her a cordial in- 9 to resume his work at Erzroom, which vitation and a welcome back to the hos- is now, with four other stations of the pital. She has been there for months, American Board in Eastern Turkey, unand has done a wonderful work. She is der the Russian flag. As practically the giving an object lesson in real Christian- entire Armenian population of Erzroom [ty which will not be forgotten." has been wiped out, Mr. Stapleton ex- pects to work for the Russians and JUOSLEM LANDS Turks. There are about 2Q,000 of the latter in the city and in great need for «on~tnntinoI,]e Colleg"c for Gi1'lH .food and clothing. These peasant Turks have been friendly all along, most of THE return to America of Dr. Mary them deprecating the brutality of their .Mills Patrick, President of the Con- government toward their Armenian neighbors, and now they are so tenderstantinople College for' Girls, has di- hearted toward our missionaries that it rected attention to what has been called should be possible to reach many of them "one of the miracles of the time," with the Gospel. President White, of namely, that the college could pursue its ::'vlarsovan, also reports that fully 80 per work during the wars of the last few cent. of the Turks of Anatolia are kindly years and come up to the present year disposed and deeply regret the Arme- nian atrocities. The bearing of this fact

FROM MANY LANDS

upon the future of the work in Turkey Rey. Alden H. Clark, of Ahmednagar, is highly significant. If the war should wTltes to the donor as follows: result in taking up work for the Moslems, it will be a return to the original "I must tell you of the inspiring way purpose of the missionaries when they in which this campaign has opened. A went out to Turkey in I8Ig. The doors village named Chikhale has often excited of opportunity are now swinging in that my interest and desire. Last Saturday direction. I 'learned from one of our Marathi pas- tors that some of the people were eager ""- Call from Persia to come out as Christians and that he had made an engagement for me to meet BISHOP STILEMAN, of the C. them. On the way the pastor told me ]Vi. S., who has been at work in many interestin!!: things about the Ma- hars of this village. There are twenty- Persia since 188g, writes: "We have five households containing over one been eagerly awaiting the signal to ad- hundred people and they appear far vance. The preparatory work has been more energetic and intelligent and far satisfactorily done in Ispahan, Kerman, less poverty stricken than most Mahars. Yezd and Shiraz. Our medical missions This whole community had urgently have prepared the way. They have begged the pastor to send them a Chrisseized and consolidated important strate- tian teacher. If we would only send gic positIOns. Prejudice against the re- one who could instruct them and their ligion of Christ has been, in great meas- children in Christian things they would ure, removed. Hearts have been soft- come out as Christians in a body." ened, homes have been won. Friends have been raised up everywhere. A new Bombay Wo:m.en Enlist era seems to have dawned. There is more religious liberty than ever before, FOR many years there have been anand doors are thrown widely open in all nual meetings in Bombay for Maradirections. A great demand for education has arisen, which at present can thi-speaking Indian Christian women. be met only by Christian teachers. How This year it was decided to use the opare we meeting the crisis? Alas! we portunity to bring before the women the have met it thus far by hauling down evangelistic forward movement, and to our colors and retiring from Shiraz, encourage them to take their share in it. which had been occupied and held at A series of addresses was given on "Our considerable sacrifice. In that city, sa- responsibility, as women, in respect to the cred to the memory of Henry Martyn, evangelistic forward movement." Spethere is no longer any Christian mission- cial emphasis was laid on the building arv. The Stuart Memorial College in up of personal spiritual life by means of lspahan is awaiting completion, and Bible study, prayer and praise, and by would have already been occupied had service for others. the necessary funds been available. Two new hospitals and the church in Ker- On the last day a hundred and eighman have their sites waiting for them, teen women enrolled themselves as but they cannot be erected until the members of small Bible Circles, to meet money is forthcoming." for weekly discussion on their daily private Bible study. Sixty-six promised INDIA, BUR1UA, CEYI,ON to pray daily for one or more individuals and to seek to win them for Christ. r.rbe F'iffy-If'ifty IJlan Twenty-eight promised to try to teach one woman to read her Bible, within a I T will be remembered that aNew year. The results ought to be far-reach- England business man last May gave ing and full of blessing for Bombay and $10,000 to put fifty native pastors and even beyond it. teachers in fifty hitherto un reached villages in India. The plan has been put oWJlat It Means to Close a School into operation in the Marathi and Ma- WING to the shortage of Indian dura Missions of the American Board, teachers, due to lack of funds, the and already the returns are coming in. missionaries in the Ellore district of the

Telugu Country have found it imprac- CHINA, MANCHURIA, MONGOLIA ticable to forge ahead as they would like to do. There is no lack of openings, Refuge in Mission CompoundM and several new centers have been oc- cupied. Rev. E. S. Tanner, of the IN the opinion of Mr. Burt, a mIS- Church Missionary Society, writes: sionary in China, the work of mis- "All our village schoolmasters are sions has been less retarded by the war also quasi-pastors; each being in charge than by the internal troubles. In Shan- of one or more congregations. He pre- tung looting had been rife, and life and pares the candidates for baptism and property very insecure. Bands of brigconfirmation, conducts the daily prayers ands were still roaming about-a state and the Sunday services, and gathers the of things very disadvantageous to the various church collections, often given work of evangelization, but not directly in kind. Not only is he the quasi-pastor, antagonistic to Christianity. In the rebut he is also the evangelist, and it is cent troubles in various provinces, the usually by his efforts that new village officials and the gentry sent their ladies congregations are formed. Government to take protection with the missionaries. pays roughly nearly half the teacher's sal- Whereas formerly the missionaries had ary; therefore to shut up a little village to take shelter in the official yamens, now school means to rob a congregation of the missionary compound was the safest their spiritual teacher, the village chil- place. Banks would remove their valdren of their education, the non-Chris- uables at dead of night to the missionary tians of their evangelist, the church hospitals. council of its financial support and the Society of the Government grant." Mr. Burt believes that the general outlook for missions was never brighter. The PrOSlJects ill Intlia. Access to all classes is now possible and actual. Formerly the work of evan- DR. WHITEHEAD, the Anglican gelization had been almost entirely con- Bishop of Madras, declares that the fined to villages; the Christian Church in China was largely a peasant commupresent is more hopeful for Christianity nity. Now, men of business, the offiin India than any time during his thir- cials, the gentry and the students are ty-two years of service there. After two being touched and reached. years of service, Bishop Azariah, of DornakaI, has been even more successful than The OpiulU FIght In China was hoped, having brought to the work of the Church elements of untold value, CHINA has accomplished great things and of great hope for the future. 'Dur- in her fight against opium, but the ing the last two years the prospects of the great movements toward Christian- anti-opium war is not yet over. President ity in India have become brighter. Yuan Shih-kai, in the last year of his life, in order to gain money to carry out Furthermore, there is a widespread his plans, turned to the opium trad~rs, movement among the Christians to pre- and for millions of dollars agreed that pare themselves, by prayer, training in they might continue to sell in three Bible study and voluntary personal provinces. Some provincial governors evangelism, to reach the non-Christians. were not slow to follow the bad exam- In all India to-day it is this arousing of ple of the President. They, too, arthe Christians that is the most encour- ranged to make money ou t of the soaging and promising sign. Given an called "last stage of opium prohibition." awakened Church, and the future of India is assured. Without it no meth- Another blow to the anti-opium camods, meetings or men can hope to win paign was the action of the foreign many or solve the problem of India's municipality of Shanghai, in voting for evangelization. It is this awakening of the continuation of the sale of opium for the Church that is the greatest hope of smoking. The opium monopoly of Can- India. ton, arranged by Yuan Shih-kai's men, was another setback.

President Li Yuan Hung has issued an edict prohibiting the planting, smok-

FROM MANY LANDS

ing and selling of opium, and opium trade, pass through their hands. About burnings have been reported from Kal- a million workers will be affected by gan and Peking. There are, however, the new regulations, which prohibit the reports of opium planting in Yunnan employment of children under the age .:md Szechuen, and a despatch states that of twelve in any heavy and laborious many opium dens have been reopened in work j and further, of boys under fif- Szechuen. teen, and women of any age, more than twelve hours a day. Friends of China need to take a fresh hold of the anti-opium crusade to offset A number of factories have employed the plots of those who have taken ad- Christian matrons to look after the girl vantage of China's political disturbances employes. Presbyterian missionaries to give opium a new lease of life just have done some successful evangelistic when the evil was almost suppressed. work in the factories, especially in the cotton mills. Federated Work in Nanking A Builder of tIle Ii:ingdolll in Japan TWO former prisoners of the Nan- THE chief of the Government rail- king jails were baptized on a re- ways in the province of Kyushu, cent Sunday as the result of work conducted in the prison by the federated one of the few posts in the Imperial churches of the city. Several others of Railways which are tilled by direct apthe twenty-eight political prisoners recent- pointment from the Throne, is Mr. ly released by Government order have Nagao, who is as noteworthy for his expressed a desire to join the Church. Christian character and for his influence After liberation they held at their hotel over men as for his technical skill. He a reception to the Christians in gratitude became a Christian in his college days, for the kindness shown them. At an en- and has not hidden his Christian light. tertainment which followed the Chris- When he held a government post in Fortians presented each released prisoner mosa, he was the mainstay of the pioneer with a Bible as a lasting memorial. Part Japanese Church, and the founder of of the work of the federated churches the Young Men's Christian Association during the summer included distribution there. • of fans, tea, disinfectants and other articles which would make prison life in hot The phenomenal growth of the Assoweather more comfortable for the politi- ciation work among railway men is due cal prisoners. largely to his aid j and the mouths of critics are stopped when the Premier Chinese Christians interested in the himself pronounces the Kyushu railways building of a new church at Nanking under Nagao to exhibit the finest morate are retelling the story of a nameplate among the men and the highest efficiency erected over the door of the original in operation of any section of th~ Empire. Presbyterian Church. The plate bore the title "The Society of Jesus."-The Nagao is an ardent champion of Continent. Church union, and since he was ap- pointed to Kyushu, with headquarters at JAPAN Moji, he has brought about the amal- gamation of the six weak churches in Conditions in Factories Improve one strong, well-equipped church. AI-' most single-handed he has raised, entirely JAPAN'S new factory law marks the in Japan, enough money to buy a fine first step in the emancipation of site and put up a City Young Men's Christian Association building in Moji. women employes in Japan. From sixty All but $1,000 of the amount was given to seventy per cent. of the factory work- by non-Christians, for they have confiers in the Empire are women. Raw dence in Nagao and in the kind of religsilk, cotton, yarn, fabrics, tea, matches, ion he represents. towels and straw braids, which hold an important position in Japan's export Wise in counsel, fearless in execution,

it is not strange that Nagao has been OHl'l'UARY asked to become an official Christian Hr. WID. N. BreW"ster, of China worker, but he has conscientiously dedined, believing he should "remain in DR. WILLIAM N. BREWSTER, the vocation wherein he was called." who lIas been a missionary of the Methodist Board in China since 1890, AFRICA died at the Presbyterian Hospital, Chi- Boys' Cillb in Tunis cago, November 22, after a short illness.

REV. STEPHEN TROWBRIDGE, Since the organization of the Hinghwa Mission Conference in 1896 he has served of Cairo, Secretary for the World's as its superintendent. In addition to the Sunday School Association, writes of work of district supervision, Dr. Brew- wonderful work among the street lads ster has been principal of the Hinghwa of Sfax, Tunisia. H. E. Webb, a mis- Biblical Training School, and has also sionary, has gathered these boys, all Mos- directed the work of the Mission Press lem, into a Bible Club, with many ac- in that city. He served as mission treas- tivities. Although many of these little urer over ten years. For some time he fellows cannot read a single word, he has was editor of The Revivalist, a paper taught them with pictures and with oral published in the Hinghwa colloquial dia- lessons, and they are keenly interested in lect; and into this tongue he translated what they are discovering about the Bible the Bible. He wrote two other Chinese from week to week. This special work works, "A Commentary on Isaiah" and requires a great fund of patience and a book on homiletics. Dr. Brewster lived grace, but there seems no reason why to see the native church in Hinghwa in- the same plan might not succeed in creased from 1,000 to more than 10,500.

Cairo, Alexandria and other cities. Dr. Andre-w Watson, of Egypt These lads come from wretched homes, and many are homeless. A T the ripe age of eighty-two, having been born in 1834 at Oliverburn, The Inte…ned Missionaries Perthshire, Scotland, Dr. Andrew Wat- F OURTEEN missionaries of the son went Home from Cairo on Decem- Church Missionary Society, who ber II th, after fifty-five years of service have been interned in German East Af- on the field. He was greatly beloved and rica for two years, are free. They were honored as a man and a missionary. He found by the Belgian forces at Tabora was educated in America and was marwith others who are working in connec- ried to Miss Margaret McVicar, who tion with the Universities' Mission. survives her husband. One son is a physician in Chicago, and another son, On the other hand, the Moravian Dr. Charles R. Watson, has recently Board has received word that all the been elected president of the newly pro- German missionaries of their N yasa Mis- jected Cairo University. He was with sion have been removed from the sta- his father at the time of his death, havtions and are interned at Blantyre, Brit- ing just arrived in Egypt on University ish East Africa, south of Lake Nyasa. business. They report that they are being kindly treated, and are permitted to visit their Dr. Andrew Watson, through his conwives and children three hours every nection with the Theological Seminary day. in Egypt for nearly half a century, had the privilege of a large share in the train- The Board report says: "Of our con- ing of the entire ministry of the Synod gregations at the north end of that long of the Nile. We plan to have an illusinland sea, we only know that they are trated article on Dr. Watson in a later now left without their spiritual guides number. and ministers. Humanly speaking, that flourishing work is at a standstill. We Dr. J. L. Dearing, of Japan On December 20th the Rev. J. L. can but do what their missionaries are doing with sad hearts but trustful faith Dearing, an honored American Baptist –commend them to God." missionary, died in Clifton Springs, N. Y.

World and the Gospel. By]. the absoLute restriction of beer as

H. Oldhaus, JV1.A., I2mo, 220 pp. 2S. as vodka. . . . .. If we can arrange net. United Free Church of Scot- that for twenty or twenty-five years the land, Edinburgh. 1916. population will not have the opportunity to drink, . . . Russia will be saved." " This is a contribution to Christian thinking rather than a volume of in- Professor Simpson is not as hopeful formation. Mr. Oldham, the secre- about religion in Russia as is Stephen tary of the Continuation Committee of Graham; nevertheless he sees clearly the World Missionarv Conference and that the soul of Russia is essentially Editor of the I ntern~tional Review of mystic. He speaks of ·the poularity in Missions, is a writer of fine Christian Russia of a translation of Henry Drumspirit and intelligence. His discussion mond's book, "The Ideal Life," and of the challenge of the war to the says that religious subjects are ever Christian Church, the character of the uppermost in the Russian mind. Since Gospel and the appeal of the world is the proclamation of a "free Poland" the convincing. If this study of the theory other day, Professor Simpson's chapter of missions could capture the minds and on "The Future of Poland" is particuhearts of the rising generation there larly pertinent, and no one who specuwould be no lack of volunteers or of lates upon the changes which must come missionary givers. at the close of the present war will over- look his closing chapter on "Russia and The Self-Discovery of Russia. By Constan tinople. ff Professor ]. Y. Simpson. Illustrated. 8vo. 227 pp. $2.00 net. George H. Letters From My Home In India. Doran, New York, I916. By Mrs. George Churchill. Edited and Arranged by Grace McLeod Rog- During the summer of 1915, Professor ers. 8vo. 305 pp. $1.35 net. George Simpson of Edinburgh visited Russia, H. Doran, New York, I9I6. and as a result has given us this sympathetic study of the new Russia, whose The talented author of "Stories from soul has been laid bare since August, the Land of Evangeline" has edited these 19 I 4. The various chapters deal with uniquely fascinating letters of a noble economic, social, political and religious missionary, who had the superb talent conditions in the empire of the Czar. and devotion of work, but who could The author was permitted to visit the not write. The result is no dry-as-dust Russian armies on the Galician front tale of missionary labors. Every page and not the least valuable chapter thrills one with its vibrant life and sacriin the book is that which relates his nee. We see first in 187 I, the young girl observations while with the troops. w naively pleased because such a great There are also many illustrations, visu- joy has come when-a missionary has alizing for the reader the experiences of asked her to be his wife! war. To fit herself for this great work Professor Simpson '5 study of the effect and that she might be no whit behind of the prohibition of vodka throws valu- the men in this preparation, the young able light on the world-wide movement woman went to the Wom:tn's Medical to restrict the use of intoxicants. The College, Philadelphia. Finding that they extent to which Russia has awakened had not very long purses, and money to the economic value of sobriety is in- fairly melts away even with most caretimated in the testimony of a Professor ful expenditure, she and a friend and of Economics who said to the author, room-mate canvassed for a book. "What I have seen of the advantages of prohibition has brought me to believe in In 1873 came her wedding and the departure for India. The mere romance

faded before the reality. How did they power, in relatioll hoth to' the world stand it all ?-the ignorance, the dirt, into which the Gospel first came, and the disease, the outlandish notions of the world of our OWll day. Dr. Kirk those extraordinary people who would knows Greek and Roman history and is even try to pull apart the curtains in our equally familiar with the history of missionary's house to see what she was dogma; he has also the facul ty of separ- doing inside. ating the essential from the accidental in the study of great movements con- Only a saintly character could have nected with the development of Christian borne it, but she did not rebel, even doctrines. I t would be difficult to find when children and husband were taken elsewhere in so small a compass so com- from her by the unhealthful climate. prehensive and lucid a survey of the growth of Christianity, opposed as it A beautiful sentence comes near the was both to and by Jewish legalism, end of the book, "If a balance was struck pagan philosophies and Eastern wisdom. between our receipts of mercy and good- The author believes, and rightly, that ness through the past year, and what we the faith which conquered these, satishave repaid in love and service, what a fying the eager minds of those who were poor-showing statement we should have." grappling with the problems of life and death, of sin and salvation, of duty and Her editor, Grace McLeod Rogers, destiny, has within it still, and must gives a perfect picture of life in India forever have, the power derived alone down to the time when she came back to from God. Canada in 1914, with her sole surviving child. Here she stayed long enough to Light is self-evidencing. So is Chrisrest, and then this noble woman of sev- tianity. Gospel creed and Gospel code enty-five, lame, yet rejoicing, returned to unite to make the faith once delivered India to be among the people whom she unto the saints final. The apostle of the loves so well. Christian faith is, as Dr. Kirk says in his closing chapter, quite willing to sub- MARSHALL SAUNDERS. mit the claims of his faith to the arbitra- ment of experience. The Unity of the Americas. By Robert E. Speer, 16mo. 115 pp. 25 Nationalizing America. By Edward cents. Missionary Education Move- A. Steiner. 12mo. $1.00 net. Flem- ment, New York, 1916. ing H. Revell Co., New York.

A wonderfully compact, well arranged America the "melting pot" of nations and well digested mass of information is being welded into a homogeneous mass concerning the political, commercial, with national ideals and characteristics. educational and 'religious conditions and The war is having its influence in this opportunities in Latin America. Any direction for America is realizing its reone who masters the facts in this little sponsibility among the family of nations. volume will be ready to speak intelli- Perhaps no one could have seen and angently on Latin America. at any time alysed this process better than the and any place. There are many quota- foreign-born American, Prof. Steiner. tions from a large number of authorities on the subject. Dr. Speer faces the To be sure he calls pacifists "Mollyproblems fairly but hopefully. The evils Coddles," and refers to the "Educational of the Roman Catholic influence are not Chaos" of the United States and minimized or exaggerated but a construc- claims that everywhere nationality has tive Christian program is advocated. triumphed over religion, but while we may not agree with all of his ideas, the The Religion of Power. By Harris reader will be interested in the illumin- E. Kirk, D.D. 8vo. 317 pp. $1.50 net. ating study of the economic, educational George H. Doran Company, New and religious problems related to the York, 1916. nationalization of the great North American republic. These James Sprunt Lectures at Union Theological Seminary, Virginia, interpret Christianity as the religion of

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1916

OF THE DYING RELIGIONS OF

MISSIONA~Y FlgES 1. The Philippine Islands have made more progress, intellectually and economically, in the past fifteen years under American rule than in the previous four centuries, eSee page 110.) 2. The fifty thousand students enrolled in the intermediate and secondary schools in the Philippines constitute one of the greatest evangelistic op- portunities in the world to-day. (See page 114.) 3. China is worth winning for Christ rather than to militarism. 'Vith four times the popUlation of the United States she has in the eighteen prov- inces eexclusive of her four great dependencies) an area of one and one-half times the United States, including Alaska. eSee page 91.) 4. The Presbyterian Church in Rio Janeiro has about fourteen hundred mem- bers, who contribute an average of ten dollars each annually for church purposes. eSee page 115.) S. In Tali Fu, Yunnan Province, more converts were recently baptized in one day than had been won in thirty years of early missionary effort.

eSee page 108.) 6. The churches in South America are being drained by the war of their young men, who have returned for military service to Europe, and the problem of self-support is becoming a serious one. (See page 118.) 7. President Yuan Shih Kai has included in the classics, which he is study- ing daily, selections from the "Save-the-World Classic" (the Bible), prepared by a missionary and presented to Yuan at the suggestion of the Chief of Ceremony. (See page 123.) 8. The Buddhist priests in Tibet are so degraded and ignorant, and so closely identified with the home life of the people, that they form the greatest obstacle to Christian missionary effort among Tibetans. (See page 128.) 9. A new plan of city evangelization, which places more responsibility on resident workers, is being inaugurated by Presbyterians in the province of Shantung. (See page 141.) 10. An English missionary society is appealing for volunteers to carryon the work of German missionaries in India. who have been removed by the government from their fields of work. (See page 146.) 11. Representatives of twenty-two different nations. engaged in the work of the China Inland Mission, are finding in their spiritual service for China a bond that keeps them united even in time of war. (See page 149.) 12. Samoan women who are going with their husbands as missionaries to the wild Papuans of New Guinea, where missionaries were eaten by canni- bals only fourteen years ago, are proving not only their missionary zeal but their ability as workers. The image of Confucius in the temple at Chefoo. Shantung. ISSI RE IE Vol. XXXIX, No.2 FEBRUARY, 1916 Vol. XXIX, No.2 Old S….. Nrw Serlel m: ,51 THE PRAY FOR THE PANAMA CONGRESS The Congress will be held in Hotel Congress on Christian Work Tivoli. There will be a frank and in Latin America is to convene friendly discussion of actual condiin Panama February 10th, and about tions in Latin American lands, with three hundred delegates are expected. freedom of speech, so far as it is The difficulties of transportation and Christian in spirit and relates to vital the limited accommodations have facts, but without bigotry or unturned aside many who planned to necessary acidity. It is expected that attend, but the delegates are leading Dr. Robert E. Speer will be Presimen and women of evangelical dent of the Congress, and his preschurches and represent practically all ence in the chair will insure courthe Protestant denominations of North tesy, constructiveness, spirituality, America and sixty-seven missionaries and prayer as characteristic of the and Latin Americans. sessIOns.

The daylight sessions will be de- Among the distinguished delegates voted to the discussion of the Com- from the United States are Dr. and mission reports and the evening ses- Mrs. John R. Mott, Dr. and Mrs. sions to popular meetings, each Lemuel C. Barnes (Baptist), Prof. addrest by one North American and Harlan P. Beach (Yale), Bishop one Latin American. There will also Henry D. Aves (Mexico), Bishop be evening evangelistic meetings in Wm. C. Brown (Virginia), Miss Spanish and English for the benefit Belle H. Bennett (Kentucky), Dr. of the people of the Isthmus-North John W. Butler (Mexico), Dr. S. H. Americans and other residents. Chester (Presbyterian), Dr. E. F.

The editors seek to pre~erve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by eontributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

Cook and Bishop Lambeth (Metho- " B SPIRITUAL AWAKENING IN INDIA dist), Dr. William F. Oldham (New ElYOND all our expectations," York), Mr. and Mrs·. E. E. Olcott says Mr. Sherwood Eddy in a (New York), Dr. John F. Goucher letter, "an awakening in South India (Baltimore), Mr. Wm. N. Hartshorn has already begun. Last year Indian (World's S. S. Ass'n), Dr. Wm. I. Christian friends prayed for the cam- Haven (Bible Society), President H. paign in China and asked, 'Why C. King (Oberlin), Bishop A. W. should we not have a similar awaken- Knight (Tennessee), Dr. Ira Land- ing in India ?' As they faced the reth (Bo~ton), Mr. and Mrs. Joshua terrible difficulties of caste, the op- Levering (Baltimore), Bishop A. S. position of Hinduism, and the need Lloyd (Episcopal Board), Bishop F. of their own churches they felt it was impossible. Finally, the Execu- J. McConnell (Methodist), Dr. A. tive Committee of the South India United Church, with a Christian McLean (Disciples), President C. T. community of 165,000, proposed an Paul (Indianapolis) , Miss Ruth evangelistic campaign in India. This Rouse (World's Christian Student United Church includes all the Chris- Federation), Dr. James 1. Vance tians of the Presbyterian, Congrega- (Nashville), Bishop Luther D. Wil- tional, Dutch Reformed, and Scottish son, and President W. Douglas Mc- churches in one body, and it equals Kenzie (Hartford). There is an in numbers nearly twice the entire equally distinguished list of names Protestant community of all Japan." from Mexico, Cuba, Central and South America. In response to the invitation from this united church Mr. Eddy began Following the close of the Panama a campaign in South India last Oc- Congress, February 20th, five or six tober. After prayer and preparation, deputations will visit various parts of they united in a week of simul- Latin America to carry to the work- taneous evangelism, and when leaders ers the spirit and message of the of the church gathered at Vellore Congress, and to unite them in a for their General Assembly; all were study and plan for cooperation III astonished at what had been accomtheir respective fields. Dr. L. C. plished by the Spirit of God in that Barnes will lead the conference in first week. Mr. H. A. Popley, the San Juan, Porto Rico; Dr. Charles Secretary for the evangelistic cam- L. Thompson that in Havana, Cuba; paign, reported as follows: Dr. A. W. Halsey in South America. As soon as practicable a Mexico con- "A force of 8,288 Christian workference will be convened. ers gave themselves to proclaiming the power of Jesus Christ to build up This is a time for prayer rather a sound and lasting personal and than for criticism. The Congress is national life among the people of for conference, not for legislation, India. These workers preached in and the spirit is one of loyalty to the 3,814 towns and villages of the Tamil highest ideals as set forth by our country to audiences of over 300,000 Lord Jesus Christ. Many differing people, and won 8,503 to a desire to viewpoints will be represented- study the power and teaching of pray that the viewpoint of Christ may prevail.

OF THE

Christ, and 6,422 men and women to workers gathered and an evangelistic a determination to follow Him. A campaign was thoroughly organized. total of 14,925 people were definitely influenced during this one week to At the close of one of the meet- place themselves under the leadership ings a brilliant young Brahman stu- . of Jesus Christ. Thousands more dent surrendered his heart to Christ have been influenced, to some extent, and asked Mr. Eddy to be present at to feel that Christ is indeed the Hope his public baptism. Only at great of India. cost can a man come out from this proud caste-bound Brahman com- "Travancore tells of a demon wor- munity. shiper who deserted his shrine and declared that he would erect a temple In Jaffna, North Ceylon, 1,200 to God in its place. In the North Christians and workers gathered in Tamil field meetings were freely al- their annual meeting. They entered lowed in Hindu temples in caste the campaign, and the work will ex- villages, and the workers were re- tend during the next three years to quested to speak frankly about Christ Ceylon as well as India. During and His salvation. In another place meetings held for three days in the a devil dancer promised on the spot colleges of Jaffna more than sixty to become a Christian. In one of the high-caste Hindu students publicly Telugu churches twenty-eight adults confest Christ. were publicly baptized. In Travancore, at Nagercoil, 400 "In the Church itself the greatest workers gathered for a training con- good is that the laity have been ference, and 1,500 Christians assem- awakened to a sense of their respon- bled every night in the great Church sibility. Every Sunday afternoon to face their responsibility in the immediately after the service the campaign. Mr. Eddy delivered his whole Church goes out to preach the addresses to great congregations of Gospel. The campaign has brought a Christians in a community numbering new vision to the Church and for more than 80,000 in all in this field the first time the higher classes in of South Travancore. These Chris- the Church went and preached the tians are rising in a united evan- Gospel to the poor and deprest." gelistic campaign for the winning of their country for Christ. Already oTRAINING LEADERS IN INDIA one in four of the population of this NE of the most important and native State is a Christian. fruitful features of Mr. Sherwood Eddy's recent campaign in India has "Unmistakably God has begun a been his training conferences for In- mighty work in South India. Only dian Christian workers, conducted in this week I journeyed into distant vil- the six principal centers of South lages far from the railway to see India and Ceylon. After crowded men baptized from three different meetings in Madras, he met 200 workers from all parts of the Telugu castes, who were won in the begin- field. The third center was Erode ning of the campaign. Altho we have in the Tamil district, where 450 not yet succeeded in shaking the large cities or breaking the ranks of the Brahmans in large numbers, the campaign in India bids· fair to sur-

pass that in China in its work in the Christian progress in China can not villages, among the masses and be foretold. It will depend on the among the lower classes. It is al- personnel of the new government.

ready enlisting a larger number of President Yuan is, however, an in- Christian workers than in China, ani telligent man, favorable to religious. more widely affecting the Christian freedom and to Christian work. He Church." has given money freely to the Y. M. C. A., to missionary education, and CHANGES IN CHINA Christian hospitals. As a represen- YUAN SHIH 'KAI, First Presi- tative of the people he has worshiped dent of the RepUblic of China at the temple of heaven, but as president he has called into positions has signified his intention of "accept- of influence many avowed Christian ing" the title and role of Emperor- men. Pray for China and for Yuan he has already exercised the authority Shih Kai. -and on January I, 1916, took his seat temporarily on the imperial FROM KOREA TO CHOSEN throne. The date for his formal as- cension and the complete change back TIMES of transition are always again from republic to empire has times of crisis and often of hard- not yet been announced. ship. Korea is now in transition and The council, supposed to represent the Church and Christians there the people, met on December IIth suffer many hardships. Japan, having and voted unanimously to reestablish taken over the control of the country, the monarchy-but with a constitu- naturally is working to press Korea tion-and asked Yuan Shih Kai to and Koreans into the Japanese mold.

become Emperor. The president de- The ideas of Japan are not Korean dined the request and the next day ideas, nor are the ideals of her rulers issued a second mandate, accepting'· Christian ideals. Many officials lack the position. tact and real brotherliness and do not China is a huge country with an act with consideration. Nevertheless unwieldy, untrained mass of human- the change from Korea to Chosen, ity. A strong central government is from nation to province, seems in- still needed to control them and to evitable, and possibly the sooner it is direct affairs. of State. Yuan is gen- effected the better it will be.

erally acknowledged to be the Japan has made many physical im- strongest man in Chinese public life provements in Chosen-new high- and the people look to him to guide ways, and railroads, new sanitation the ship of state safely through the and civic advancement. Many laws rocks. There are some noble and have been enacted and are enforced intelligent young men among the with much benefit to the people. The officials who have come to the front educational system has been modern- since the Revolution, but there are ized and some moral reforms have not a large enough number of them been instituted. If Japan were a to fill the need. Christian land, with Ohristian ideals The effect of the reversion to a and rulers, there could be only thanks- monarchy upon missionary work and giving for the transition and trans-

formation from a weak and back- have found none. Even in Japan ward nation to a modernized province. proper there is no such law. They Japan is not, however, Christian in also order missions to use a book on aim or methods, and the people- ethics which teaches ancestor wor- especially the Christians in Korea- ship. Most of the mission schools are suffering in consequence. A letter have permits which allow them to just received from a 'Korean corres- continue as at present for ten years, pondent, who was traveling in China, but some, like the Soon Chun schools, gives information which the Japanese are without permits, and may be censor would not have passed. Visi- closed.

tors to Korea see only the outward "On top of all this comes a law and beneficial results of Japanese which says missions must obtain per- rule. Those who live there see the mission from the government every other side. Our correspondent writes: time they want to employ a helper, a "Missionaries in Chosen do not in- colporteur, or a pastor, when they es- terfere in politics, but are sent to tablish a church. One can readily see preach the Gospel, and loyally support what this will involve if a local gov- the nation and rulers that God places ernment official is biased against Chris- over them. Missionaries in Korea tianity. Hiding behind red-tape he exhort church members to follow the may find many opportunities to block precepts of Paul in the thirteenth Christian work.

chapter of Romans. The Japanese "The great hope of Christians is in are straining every nerve to make God. We mu~t pray that the minds the Koreans into Japanese. That too of the administration may be more is no concern of the missionaries, al- favorable toward Christianity, and tho we inwardly feel sorry for the that missionaries and Christians may Koreans. . be given especial wisdom during this "In spite of the real help mission- time of trial."

aries are giving to Japanese, the pres- COOPERATION IN MISSIONS TO ent administration in Chosen apparently feel that Christianity interfere;; W JEWS with their plans for 'Japanizing' the BILE there are in North Koreans. Consequently they are doing America forty-five missionary all in their power to throttle Chris- agencies at work for the conversion tianity without openly persecuting the of the Jews, there is no strong far- church or antagonizing the law that reaching interdenominational society guarantees religious liberty. The conducted for this purpose. There authorities do not say Koreans must are local societies in many cities, not be Christians, but they indirectly denominational work for Jews and do everything possible to prevent the some general agencies for tract and spread of Christianity. Bible distribution,' but in America "The present law saying that re- this great work in g-eneral is carried ligion must not be taught in private on through· indeper. lent and small schools is an example. We have been· organizations. Only two American hunting for an example of such a societies have as many as ten mis- law among the leading nations, but sionaries to Jews.

Great Britain has twenty-eight so- Rev. B. B. Sutcliffe (Chicago), Seccieties, one of which employs 312 retary; Mr. Henry P. Crowell (Chiworkers, one 72, one 68, another 44, cago), Treasurer. another 32, and another 31. The twenty-eight British organizations It is high time that the Christian employ over four times as many Church awoke out of sleep in order missionaries to Jews as do the forty- that they may "buy up the opporfive American societies and have tunity because the days are evil." three times as many mission stations. N ever have the Jews been more har- The London Society for Promoting ried and distrest in Asia and Europe Christianity among the Jews is the than they are to-day. In Poland, largest in the world. The Mildmay Galicia, and in Palestine they are Mission to the Jews comes second. suffering for the very necessaries of The former has forty-six missions life as well as for the friendship of in various parts of the world-the their fellow countrymen. Now is only far-reaching international work the opportunity for Christians to for Israel. show them the real meaning of the love of Christ and His Gospel of At the recent Conference on be- life. half of Israel, held in Chicago (November 18-19), an important WOMEN'S WORK AT HOME step was taken in the formation of an interdenominational committee for "G OD bless the live women and Gospel work in "Behalf of Israel." With the exception of Poland and the dead men of the Church," Russia there is no land where the was the remark of a chairman of a Jews are found in such large num- missionary meeting at which were bers as in North America and no- announced large gifts from women's where is the opportunity so great societies and from men's legacies. for unhampered Christian work among them. At the same time the The women are alive to the best Christians in America seem oblivious both at home and abroad. They are to their duty toward Jews and are always generous, and their books and almost wholly neglecting them. missionary magazines have accom- fllished wonders in extending mis- In 1914 the American Hebrew sionary information and enthusiasm. Christian Alliance was formed to The Federation of Women's Societies unite more closely in fellowship the is also doing much for the advance- Jewish Christians of North America, ment of the cause. and to further the work among their unconverted brethren. Now a new The Council for Women for Home step has been taken to unite Gentiles Missions has recently held its eighth and Jews in the effort to give the annual meeting (January 5th and Gospel to Israel. 6th) in Atlanta, Georgia. All the women's boards, both North and The officers of the new organiza- South, that are represented on the tion are: Mr. W. E. Blackstone, Council, sent delegates. The program Honorary President; Rev. Harris H. was unusually strong and included all Gregg, D.D. (St. Louis), President: phases of Home Mission activity.

Mrs. George W. Coleman was elect- ed president for the coming year.

OF FOREiGN MISSION

1902-1915 $J1.6Q()JJ(JO JJJIJIJ.OOO Jl,504P<'Q() $32,131,234 JI.IQQ. 1100 (1912) JQ.6Q()JOQ J 29.6OD. 000 / Z8.6QaOQO 27.6dO. 000 / '4604000 / """ 1/ Z5.60D.000 _/ 24POD.'.000 Zlloa 000 lliQO.1.000 itt~oy $1 B, 793,990 21.6dO.M0 ZfJ.6Da'OIN. ~sV 19.6OD.000 J8.6QO,a'DO Ct'……..: I'. /, t7 $18,815,939 ITJOD. 000 V / – 16.600. 000 ./ 15.600. ooe . V~OPE J! 14.600.000 —' OF t " , 13MIJ. 000 1// NTlf'{EN1 'I' "- , 1i!lQD.fJ,00 11,600. 000 i · { -=– ,A~D,.CO~ ~– , pll),.••••…..

~'('i:Rr. £~~ar-R1-/1i1t:,O15r1/~~lbrt~8:5(.~.J./~/I~ . J1-'R1ic£A~ . 1D.6(),IJ. 000 !.MOo. 000 — 8.600. 000 fE!!-"" 7.6QQ.000 6.600. 000 I-'" 5.600.0 00 4.604 000 ~600, 000 OTHlR COUNTRIES 51,197,772 ZPOo.o 00 ….II) >1912) 1,6110. (),OO ~ — 6110. 000 This chart is based on the chart prepared by the Home Base Committee of the Foreign Missions Conference of North America, The figures are those collected by the M,SSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, with the exception that the figures for America (1912-15) are gathered by the Home Base Committee, The totals for North America and Europe for 1914 are $33,784,550, and for Christendom for 1915 are probably not less than $36,OOO,OOO-including "Other Countries' -EDITOR,

I ~… /'—'" ~'b .,"COMING

I .! ~…- j j '

February Jan. 30th to Feb. 2d-Laymen's Missionary Conv., Newark, N. J.

Jan. 30th to Feb. 2d–Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Billings, Mont. Jan. 30th to Feb. 2d-Laymen's Missionary Conv., Birmingham, Ala. 1st-National Rallies-Jubilee of the Young Women's Christian Association. 1st-The 115th anniversary of the birth of Titus Coan of Hawaii. 2d to 4th, 6th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Atlanta, Ga. 2d to 4th, 6th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Butte, Mont. 6th to 9th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Spokane, Wash. 6th to 9th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Columbus, S. C. 8th-The 115th anniversary of birth of George Dana Boardman of Burma. 9th to 11th, 13th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Seattle, Wash. 9th to 11th, 13th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Dayton, Ohio. 9th to 11th, 13th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Tacoma, Wash. 9th to 11th, 13th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Greensboro, N. C. 10th to 20th-Congress on Christian Vork in Latin America, Panama. 13th-Reformed Church in U. S. Foreign Missions Conference 13th to 15th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Decatur, Ill. 13th to 16th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Portland, Ore. 13th to 16th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Richmond, Va. 14th-The 85th anniversary of the birth of James Stewart of South Africa. 16th to 18th, 20th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Sacramento, Cal. 16th to 18th, 20th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Davenport, Iowa. 18th-The 135th anniversary of the birth of Henry Martin of India. 20th to 22d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Des Moines, Iowa. 20th to 23d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Lexington, Ky. 20th to 23d-l~aymen's Missionary Movement Conv., San Francisco, Cal. 22d-Pageant to celebrate Jubilee of the Y. W. C. A. 23d to 25th Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Evansville, Ind. 23d to 25th, 27th-Laymeri's Missionary Movement Conv., Nashville, Tenn. 23d to 25th, 27th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Fresno, Cal. 27th to Mar. 1-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Los Angeles, Cal. 27th to Mar. l-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Indianapolis, Ind. 27th to Mar. l-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Memphis, Tenn.

March bt to 3d, Sth-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Little Rock, Ark. 1st to 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., San Diego, Cal. 1st to 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Columbus, Ohio. 3d-50th Birthday Celebration of the Young Women's Christian Association. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, EI Paso, Texas. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Oklahoma, Okla. 7th-The 80th anniversary of the birth of Bishop Thoburn of India. BY REV. CHARLES E. SCOTT, TSING TAU, CHINA Mi.~sionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. U. S. A.

N Europe one sees con- riages" and war babies and outraged women and ruined lands and smashed IZI l tinental politics. In ideals and degraded morals, of what- China one is in the ever spiritual power it possest, the un- ~. ~ midst of the seething fittest left to face the vastest prob- ~ maelstrom of world lems; and of China unmilitaristic, politics. Europe has prodded on by injustice, to become long realized that China is the great- a great militaristic nation, to be an est prize politically and commercially on the planet, and is amazed that COMPARATIVE SIZE OF UNITED STATES AND CHINA American business men have so long neglected the greatest future market avenger with fifty miIlion "regulars" in the world. Spain, Portugal, and at her command. For many centuries HoIland each, more than two cen- she has absorbed all conquerors, or turies ago, in the palmy days of their driven them out. "China is a sea maritime supremacies, headed the that salts all that it touches." In the movement to exploit China for their thirteenth century she had a scourge, own advantage. Ever since that time, Jenghiz Khan, before whose conand especiaIly in recent years, the Eu- quests those of Cesar and Napoleon ropean LiIiputians have been trying, pale into insigrlificance, who conwhile they may, to bind the great quered all of Europe west of the con- Asiatic GuIIiver before he wakes. They know that they can never do it after China comes to its own.

China in international politics has been a veritable Banquo's ghost that would not down-a question insistently paramount, dominating all other issues of international politics. Just because of her marvelous potentialities there has been a feeling of dread on the part of Europe, as it viewed this vast inchoate monster looming out of the Far East, a coming power, not auspicious, but portentous.

There is already a vision in Europe of itself, decimated of its best blood and brawn and brains, burdened with incalculable debts, prostrate in its weakness, robbed, through "day mar-

fines of Germany, and all of Asia pean statesmen as Tocqueville and from the frozen north to the Indian James Bryce; such generals and lead- Ocean. Europe has mistaken patience ers of Far Eastern troops as Chinese for cowardice. The Chinese soldier, Gordon and Lord Roberts and W oIse- properly equipped and led, has, ac- ley; such naval experts as Beresford, cording to foreign generals in the Von Tirpitz, and Admirals Fisher Far East, few equals. and Mahan; such Oriental adminis- The astonishing thing is that while trators as Dr. Morrison and Lord the statesmen and rulers of Europe Curzon; Stlch famous diplomats as are hopelessly at variance as to the Anson Burlingame, Count Cassini, S.

future fate of the nations around Wells Williams, and Colonel Denby; about them, there is a marvelous such Chinese advisors as Schurman unanimity as to China being the of Cornell, Adams of Michigan, coming land of towering importance. Goodnow of Johns Hopkins, and Even in his day Napoleon saw this John W. Foster; such missionary future, and laid down this dictum: statesmen as Mott, Speer, J. Camp- "A lion is asleep; do not rouse him. bell White, and A. J. Brown; such When China is awake it will change foreign missionaries as Mar tin, the face of the world." A nearer and Mateer, and Hayes. Indeed, the a better man, "The Golden Rule opinion of these men and a host of Diplomatist," John Hay, that great others-business men, manufacturers, and good friend of China, whose editors, consuls, educators, and mis- spirit of justice and fair play caused sionaries-would be found to bear the Chinese statesmen to admire and out this whole general position as revere him as much as to despise the summed up in a notable argument by muddied diplomatic deals and dealers Professor Reinsch, long special stu- of Europe, is credited with this pre- dent of things Chinese and American scient pronouncement: "The storm- minister at Peking, when he says, center of world politics, despite all "By all signs of the times China is eddies, has moved steadily eastward, destined to become the industrial and from the Holy Roman Empire, on commercial center of the world, and past Rome, past the Balkans, past the Pacific the chief theater of the Constantinople, past the Persian Gulf, world's great events." past India, to China, where it win remain, and whoever understands Now what are these elements that China socially, economically, politi- enter in to make such a future incally, religiously, has a key to world here in China, constituting China the politics for the next five centuries." grandest opportunity on the globe, £ommercially, politically, and religi- A great galaxy of men, looking at ously, an opportunity supremely that land out of every nation and worth while to be cultivated, which from every angle of their specialties, cause men to dare make such statestudents of the Far East, are of this conviction. We· see this in the ut- ments with regard to China? There terances of such American statesmen are several known potentialities of as Henry Clay, Thomas H. Benton, China which make men confident of and William F. Seward; such Euro- her tremendous future:

CHINA: THE COMING POWER

The Geographical Location able globe. They cover as much area I. Her location, in what Gladstone as Europe, one and one-half times called "the zone of power," where all the size of the United States plus masterful races have dwelt. She has Alaska; and these eighteen provinces every variety of climate, with the are less in size than the four fringed richest soil, vast mountain ranges dependencies: Manchuria, Mongolia, from which dash great cascades, East Turkestan, and Tibet. Lord Bal- transformable, like Niagara, into four has said: "No nation can be per- future electric and industrial power. manently great without an adequate S. E. Little, the geographical expert physical basis· of empire," that is, on China, says that no land can without land enough. China has that compare with China in the extent of basis. All the great nations of Chris- its waterways, a network of canals tendom excuse all the ungodliness as vast as cheap, uniting many sec- that they have ungodly done against tions of the land. There are four small states on their continent and thousand miles of sea coast, with against heathen folk and backward many and great harbors, such as nations in the Orient because of their that of Tsingtau, which port the attempt to conform to that law of Germans planned to make the New success. Because of it in the last few York of the Pacific, and capable of decades Christian Europe has stolen holding the navies of the world. ten-twelfths of Africa; practically all The water system of the Yangtse of the islands of the sea are theirs; alone is greater than the Mississippi they took them; and all of the vastest system. of continents, Asia, where dwell two- Hundreds of miles inland stands thirds of the human race, also in con- one of the great ancient capitals on formity to this law they have taken the banks of the Yangtse. What -all except Japan and China, from would England not give to-day for which latter they have already carved such a capital, as Germany plans to huge slices.

hurl her armies into London? With 3. "Population," as the veteran 680 miles between it and the sea it China missionary statesman, Dr. W .

. would be harder to take than Con- M. Hayes, once said, "is to a nation stantinople. .what cells are to a battery. The elec- Did the all-wise God have in mind tric motive power depends on the some vast plan when He set this race number of them." .Assuredly China within its own borders, a race four has the cells. Too long have Ameri- thousand years young, more virile cans, with their pin-hole parish con- than in its beginnings, surrounded ception of the missionary enterprise, by the frozen steppes on the north, closed their eyes to the impinging of with the vastest of all mountain this great race upon the world.

chains to the west and southwest, Professor H. A. Giles, of Cam- and the wildest of all oceans in front bridge University, one of the greatest of it? living sinologs, says that if all the The Territory and Population Chinese in the world were to pass by 2. The eighteen provinces of China a given point, befor.e the last one of constitute one-tenth of the inhabii:- the present generation could pass

that point a new generation would the southwest, alone has some seventy have grown up to have taken their million people.

places, and so the procession would march on forever. Natural Resources In this world-war, the most colos- 4· China's natural resources can sal, the most costly in men and money scarcely be exaggerated. They are that the earth has ever seen, the untouched, unparalleled, incalculable.

question of men is of supreme im- Everyone of these great provinces of portance. Already the warring na- China is rich in the most necessary tions of Christendom have lost some oils and ores and minerals. One of six million men, and it is estimated the keys to understand the reason that at the present rate of fighting all why the great nations of Christendom the men of Europe able to bear arms have repeatedly taken China by the (some 28 million) will either be im- throat and shaken her for every sort prisoned or crippled or rotting under of concession-mining, railroading, the sod by the end of 1918. It be- oil fields, territory, harbors-is the comes a very pertinent consideration, natural resources of China. If any therefore, that nations ultimately fail will study the reports of the expert for lack of men. geological commissions of the great Athens and Sparta, struggling for European governments in China, he the hegemony of the states of will find out very soon why they have Greece, both ultimately failed for lack been so eager to thrust themselves in.

of men. The medieval city repub- Geologists say that most of the lics, Pisa, Genoa, and Florence, in min era I fields of the world are their rivalry for the leadership of mapped, many of them are exhausted the Italian states, failed for lack of or nearing exhaustion, particularly so men. Holland, possessing sea supre- in Europe. Moreover, geologists af- macy, was unable to hold it over firm, as voiced in a notable article by England for lack of men. All the the late Professor N. S. Shaler, that leaders and rulers of Europe are cry- the industrial age of the present and ing out to-day in agony in the lan- future depends absolutely on these guage of the King of Montenegro, natural resources. The business of "Oh, if I only had the men." China the world would collapse at once has the men. The United States has were the flow of these resources to eighteen states, the population of each cease. It is axiomatic that this pres- one of which is less than the popu- ent and the future age are built on lation of each of many of China's the pillars of iron and coal and cop- 1,700 great and ancient walled cities. per and gold. Germany to-day fears According to the latest statistics, vastly more the shortage of copper China's popUlation is greater than and oil than many army corps of her that of all the nations at war, ex- enemies. That is why she is sedu- cepting Russia, India, and Japan- lously picking the brass hinges and plus their dependencies and colonies, knobs and trimming off from the plus twenty of the most interested doors in conquered Belgium, France, and prominent neutral nations. The and Poland, why her children are single province of Szechuan, far to scraping together every brass boiler-

CHINA: THE COMING POWER

bottom and kettle, why an army of Japan has schemed to get posses- miners has followed the progress of sion of these great mines of China, her armies as they approached any especially the Han Yie Ping, near section that contained these riches of Hanyang, 680 miles up the Yangtze the subterranean depths. River. Here, as in many other places, The report of the German geologi- the coal and iron occur together.

cal expert, Baron Von Richtofen, on Japan now has a regular entrenched the mineral wealth of Shantung and camp and barracks of Japanese sol- Shansi Provinces, was unbelievable, diers watching over these mines. The and so the government sent out a Chinese are here turning out pig iron, commission to check him up. Their shipping it hundreds of miles down report is a key to why Germany went the Yangtze River to Shanghai, and into Shantung, with its wonderful across the Pacific to San Francisco, harbor on its eastern coast, with more from there to Chicago, and laying it than forty million people in the prov- down on the Chicago market for less ince, and a vast hinterland with all than it can be laid down from Pitts- its products and natural resources to burgh to Chicago. This is an earnest feed through the great port of Tsing- of the market that the Chinese have tau. The Province of Shantung is already developed in many South rich in coal and iron and gold. In American countries, in Japan, and in Shansi, 419,000 square miles of the Asian states.

best quality of Pennsylvania anthra- Forests, Furs, and Fish cite have already been mapped, with corresponding immense quantities of Altho we speak of China as being bituminous coal. The vein of the an- a treeless country, yet in Manchuria thracite averages thirty-one feet are vast forests from which millions thick. Much of it is on the surface, of feet may be cut every year, and which the Chinese as yet, because of without detriment to the forests, if their fear of earthen dragons, have they are scientifically attended to.

scarcely scratched. The same holds in the Yalu River Along the frontier of Yunnan district, between Manchuria and Province, which for hundreds of Korea. And, incidentally, these vast miles is coterminous with the Burma timber preserves are important ele- boundary, one could find incalculably ments in the rivalry of Russia and great stores of coal and iron and Japan.

gold and copper. Most of the prov- How many American readers inces have at least fifteen of the know half a dozen important facts most necessary oils and ores and about the Amur River and its tribu- minerals. taries – a vast system of streams Chinese have sustained themselves thousands of miles long, richly all these centuries as farmers by in- stocked with fish, in whose regions tensive cultivation of small garden the most valuable sort of fur-bear- 'plots. Now they are just beginning ing animals are trapped, and which to enter upon the great industrial waters a vast domain, the Asian stage of the future. equivalent of Canada?

Chinese Characteristics ve10us adaptability of the Chinese: 5. Most remarkable of all are the "As a serpent without hands climbs race characteristics of the· Chinese. with the monkey, without fins swims John R. Mott affirms that of the with the fish, without legs runs with thirty nations whom he has visited the panther, so the Chinese, by his and studied, the Chinese have imprest marvelous adaptability, competes with him most of all, combining, as they all races in all lands, takes half a do, all the elements of the conquer- chance that other men despise, and ing, freedom-loving Anglo-Saxon wins." The Chinese is the supreme race-patience, industry, frugality, colonizer. He has more people in steadiness, endurance, cheerfulness, various lands of the Far East than physical virility, fecundity, homoge- are native to those lands. He owns neity, adaptability, mentality. the great hangs and banks, steamship It is of some consequence to the lines and mercantile houses. He has rest of the world that the Chinese is the supreme quality of adaptability.

at home in all climates, can compete He is more acceptable to the largest successfully with the denizens of the variety of women than any other frozen north and the peoples of the man-that is to say, he marries torrid south. As a soldier he re- through the largest number of races; quires less food and will stand more and he energizes every race that he hardships than any other. Four gen- touches.

erations of Chinese are born to our One of the great characteristics of three. Na other race has ever been the Chinese is his power to hang on able to mold the Jew into itself. A part in the presence of seemingly hopeless of the dispersion of the ten Israelitish conditions. As the saying is in the tribes that wandered eastward Far East: "He can live longer on a into that section of China which is copper cash (a coin with a square called Kai Feng Fu and settled there hole in the center and worth one- has become Chinese. No other race fortieth of an American cent)' than has ever, so far, solved the Moham- any other human, and when the cash medan problem, Russia has forty is gone he can live off the hole." This millions of Mohammedans in Central power to endure is only another way Asia. France has sixty million in of referring to him as illustrating Africa. England has eighty million the law of the survival of the fittest, in India. Tho England is a past and explains why he continues to master of subject races, even she can exist with ever-increasing virility do nothing with her Mohammedans while all his ancient contemporaries in the way of amalgamation with have gone ·into mournful oblivion. It other races. As troops, they must is significant to note that those an- have special diet, special food, special cient contemporaries were militaristic, clothing, special wages, ceremonials. armed to the teeth. For instance, the In western China there are millions powerful Egyptians and the Hittites of Mohammedans who have all been fought each other to a standstill, such molded into Chinese. as one seems to see to-day in Flan- There is a famous saying in the ders and northern France, and then Far East with regard to the mar- disappeared out of history. The Chi-

16] CHINA: THE COMING POWER

nese hangs on whichever way he dro11s of water, and like hideous function s, whether in athletics or methods of torture. school life, or in religion. The Chineae Civilization Christian Chinese boys, in the first generation out of heathenism, trained There is 110 space to speak in dein the primary schools of the mud tail of the great civilization of the villages by their missionary friends, Chinese, the solidity, the diversity, in a land where athletics are despised, have gone to the recent far eastern YUAN' SHIH-KAt Olympic games at Manila and there competed against Americans and Eng- Wbo bas signified his purpose to be Emperor of lishmen and Europeans, and won! China and has taken his seat upon the imperial These Chinese boys, out of the first tbrone. (The coronation has not yet taken place) generation of heathenism, trained in mission schools, are continually going the antiquity of it, nor to show in deto strange lands and studying in a tail how when our ancestors, before foreign tongue in universities of those the Gospel was brought to them by lands, and are becoming honor men, the missionaries, were reeking in taking first prize. When President barbarism, the Chinese were highly Eliot was asked how the forty-seven cultured; that when Chinese mer- Chinese boys studying in Harvard chants, drest in elegant brocaded silk compared with the American stu- and satin robes, were sending their dents, he replied that he would have caravans straight westward across the to search through all the hundreds of Asian deserts to trade with ancient American boys to find their equals. Rome, our ancestors were savages clad in skins of wild animals. While An example of how the Chinese functions religiously was the Boxer war. In the dreadful Boxer days they refuted the lie of the unchristian globe-trotter when in the Province of Chili these peasants, the first generation out of heathenism, laid down their lives, more than twenty thousand of them, rather than deny the Jesus God. Recanting was made easy. All they had to do was to bow before the idols or mutter an incantation before an incense stick, or draw a cross on the ground and spit on it. They knew that death would be accompanied by tortures unspeakable, such as the Ling Chi, the death of a thousand cuts, the cutting off of ears and noses, the gouging out of eyes and heart, boiling in great caul-

our English forebears were offering forebears of the Lords of the British human victims taken in war to their Admiralty were hugging the shore- cruel Druidic gods in the recesses of line in willow-woven canoes, the Chi- their oak forests, Chinese emperors nese were guiding their big junks were uttering prayers of singular straight out to sea.

beauty and majesty to Shang Ti, the John W. Foster, our greatest au- one true god; an army of scholars thority on international law, long ad- were making an encyclopedia of hu- viser of the Chinese government, says man knowledge that filled hundreds that in view of their history and of volumes; students were competing achievements no nation, ancient or in civil-service examinations for posi- modern, has stronger claims to be tions of governmental preferment. called a great people, than the Chi- While our Scotch ancestors were nese.

dwelling in caves, eating not only raw In view of all the foregoing, it may flesh, but human flesh, the Chinese, well be understood that Europe and elegant epicures, dwelt in walled cit- Japan believe what Lord Beresford ies, centers of administration, pos- years ago is reported to have said: sessing in their princely homes ele- "Whoever shall find a way t0' domi- gant Cloisonne, bronzes, bric-a-brac, nate China, whether through conces- gardens of many varieties of shrub- sions or by trade supremacy, or by bery and chrysanthemums; the i r force of arms, will find a way to poets, already thirteen centuries old, master the world more completely were writing graceful odes on the than did Rome in her day."

brevity of life and chanting the vir- The Issues at Stake tues of their heroes. Long before our Teutonic ancestors, clad in skins So vast are the issues at stake in of wild animals, were sliding on China for the future that after this their shields down the Italian Alps to war, if the Triple Entente wins, Rus- ravish and decimate and loot and de- sia pressing from the north through stroy all that fair Italy had gathered Mongolia, and England pressing from of the ancient classical civilization; the south through Tibet, will be keen long before they conceived of the rivals for the greatest plum in the idea of the Witenagemot, the council trade world; and Russia and Japan, of freemen, the boasted beginning of keenest rivals despite the present our Anglo-Saxon liberties and of the hypocritical alliance, will continue to ancient town meeting, the Chinese plan war to the knife and the knife to democrats, then as to-day, had a sys- the hilt until one beats down the tem of local self-government adminis- other. If the Dual Alliance wins, tered by village elders chosen for China again will be the great source their fitness. of disturbance, will be the great prize The Chinese invented the printing- for which the Teutons will press type and had great libraries of his- Japan, for the Teutons have served tory, philosophy, ethics, morals, and notice in many forms, "Woe to thee, poetry centuries before Gutenberg Nippon!"

and Caxton were born. They also in- But there are vaster issues even vented the compass, and when the . than all these involved in the future

CHINA: THE COMING POWER

rise of China. Christendom, by its An appalling element of the whole unchristian acts, its attitude of iron- situation is that Christendom, by its heartedness directed against the militaristic policy, has driven the Chi- Orient, and especially toward China, nese to feel that they must base their has caused this great land to seethe safety on militarism, and the amazwith discontent, with an aroused dis- ing spectacle is now seen, contrary to trust and hatred of all these West- the teaching of all the classics, of ern powers. It believes in the disin- Yuan Shih Kai, the President, writing terested friendship of none of them a poem which is now being sent all save alone, possibly, that of the Uni- over China, and taught to the army, ted States. The genius of China is on the glory and the honor of being peaceful. Tho having conquered in a soldier! many wars, China does not look upon itself as a warring nation. Its pride Europe will have only itself to is in its scholars and its sages. It has thank if it causes to develop and to always put the scholar first in the so- emerge from the Far East a vast and cial scale as the molder of the ideals soulless heathen militaristic machine of the people; the farmer second in a able and eager to trample it into social scale as the preserver of the rum. necessities of the physical life; the soldier lowest in the social scale be- Will the United States learn the cause, as the Chinese says, he is a lesson in time, and show the Chinese taker of life. The Chinese say it is what it means to be a big brother, as idiocy to kill a man because you over against what China has been exhave a difference of opinion with periencing of the outrages upon her him, for to kill him settles nothing. of big brigands? If China is not The genius of the Chinese race is evangelized it is possible for her to for peace. In a quarrel they get to- paganize and ruin us. And the gether through a middleman, a peace- American Protestant Church, by the maker. Each concedes something, catastrophe of this world-war, is on and an agreement is arrived at. "Live trial, as never before, not only for and let live." evangelizing China, but, in the man- ful facing of that problem, the sav- ing of its very life.

President Woodrow Wilson, while addressing recently a gathering of ministers, uttered the following strong words about the missionary enterprises in China: When I hear men pleading for the means to introd~ce Christianity into a part of the world now for the first time wakening to the possibilities of the power that lies latent in it, I wonder if it is possible that the imaginations of Christian people will fail to take fire.

This is the most amazing and inspiring vis,ion-this vision of that great sleeping nation suddenly awakened by the voice of Christ. Could there be any greater contribution to the future momentum of the moral forces of the world than could be made by quickening this force, which is being set afoot in China? China is at present inchoate; as a nation it is a congeries of parts, in each of which there is energy; but which are unbound in any essential and active unit, and just as soon as its unity comes, its power will come in the world. Should we not see that the parts are fructified by the teachings of Christ?

Facts About China

the people in China in Leading Chinese affirm that while they rank, joining hands, and are Confucianists, they regard Chris- they will girdle the globe tianity as the chief hope for China. ten times at the equator with living, beating hu- Every great upheaval in China has, man hearts. under the overruling providence of God, Every third child born into the world, been followed by the wider opening of looks into the face of a Chinese mother; doors for the preaching of the Gospel. every third pair given in marriage, plight their troth in a Chinese cup of wine; A province in Manchuria with 1,500, every third orphan weeping through the 000 has only one missionary. In Monday, every third widow wailing through golia 2,000,000 have none. Outer Karan the watches of the night, is in China; province has none. Tibet has 6,000,000 every third person who dies is a Chinese. 1,557 of the 3,033 walled cities of China with none. have as yet no resident missionary. In China there are 2,955 Christian con- Tens of thousands of towns and villages have no center of Gospel light. No gregations, 548 ordained Chinese pastors, province is adequately worked. 5,364 unordained workers, and 470,000 Only one Chines'e man in a hundred, connected with evangelical churches. taking the empire through, can read, and still fewer can write a letter. Of the From some 15 of the most important women, not more than one in a thou- theological schools in China it appears sand can read or write. that during the past year about 450 The Chinese government reports more men have been engaged in preparation than 40,000 schools under its control, for the ministry. These figures are sigand has primary and intermediate grades nificant, because it is upon the Chinese in every province, with total enrolment preachers that the ultimate success of of 1,500,000 students. The mission the country's evangelization depends. schools are said to be far ahead in quality of teaching, and 75 percent. of the Two years ago Bible study in Tientsin text-books used in the government was practically unknown in government schools were prepared by Christians or institutions. Three months after the under Christian supervision. Eddy meetings, out of 545 who had signed cards, 430, or 80 per cent. were studying in 54 Bible classes in the gov- ernment schools, in the Young Men's Christian Associations, and m the churches.

CHINA-OLD AND NEW Old China had an obsolete system of New China has a passion for modern education. education. Old China built pagodas to Buddha. New China builds school houses for Old China traveled by wheelbarrow youth. New China travels by steam and elec- and chair. tricity.

Old China did nothing for centuries New China would do everything up- but hold on. to-date.

Now is our time to help mold China for Christ.

T. Washington, Servant

His Fellow Men – A NEGRO'S VIEW OF THE NEGRO LEADER BY CLEMENT RICHARDSON, TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE, ALABAMA OOKER T. WASH- multiplied his labors in his- efforts 11B1 INGTON'S watchword was "service." He was to bring hope and comfort to the an emancipator to the poor of his race and in pleading toiler in the ditch and their cause before the world, until his arteries hardened and his heart to the woman at the ceased to beat at the age of 56.

washtub. He died in Tuskegee Sun- Those who lived near him, who lent day morning, November IS, 1915. He their energies to lighten his burdens,

TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE AS IT WAS TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO think of him, not as dead, but simply stoop as you go through it and you as on a long campaign to enlist aid, will save yourself many a hard to feed 1,500 black boys and girls, thump." Many have blamed Mr. and to provide them with heat, light, Washington for not condemning and means of education. To many, more loudly the outrages against his seen at a distance, Booker T. Wash- race. To have done so at the time ington seemed a good deal of a would have blasted the work he was wizard. To those nearer, he appear- doing. Day by day white men tirove ed as a humble worker, full of native by the institution and snarled. When common sense, with an eye for the the first building was going up at things at hand and with a great Tuskegee, some twenty odd years capacity for hard work. ago, certain men would drive by and make it a point to turn their heads Pitching his tent on a barren spot the other way. They doubted the sinin Alabama, this man, in thirty-five cerity of the enterprise and the adyears, built a million dollar institu- visability of educating Negroes. Dr. tion. How did he accomplish it all? Washington continued quietly and In the first place, he never thought in humbly to do his work. The other terms of failure. He planned care- day at his funeral many of these same fully, read his Bible, prayed in secret, men bent in sorrow over his body, in and then went forth armed from tip company with the boys and girls to toe with confidence in his cause. whose education they had opposed and condemned. In raising $56,000 for current expenses, in putting up new buildings, Booker T. Washington never alin establishing a water system at lowed himself to be humiliated. His Tuskegee Institute, in orgamzmg motto was, "No man shall drag me farmers' conferences, Negro Business down by making me hate him." How Leagues, and in touring states, he often have I seen him move audiences never expected failure and he very with a bit of an anecdote like the folseldom accepted it. lowing: "When I was a boy, I used to love to fight. I loved to get an- Yet with all his success Booker T. other boy down in a ditch and pound Washington remained humble. "My him and pound him. But I soon lad," said Dr. Cotton Mather to Ben- learned that I could not hold him jamin Franklin, "you are young and the world is before you; learn to

BOOKER T

down without remaining in the ditch nips, a sweet potato, an ear of corn myself." and say, "Here's what it means. A man with 500 bushels of the earth's His fixt principles were early im- sweet potatoes is worth $500 of the planted in him from the Bible, of earth's riches." which he was a close student. No matter where he was, he spent a half The farmer would see the point and hour every day reading and meditating the next year would come back with upon the Word of God; and over his more of the earth's riches. body the minister read out of the Bible, which one of his teachers gave His text to men to keep out of him when he was a student at Hamp- debt was, "To him that hath shall ton, and from which all these years be given." he had gained daily food for strength. Most of his addresses in the South Another great principle of Scripwere made to the masses of his ture that he must have absorbed was people, and his talks were usually drawn from the vision of Peter, and based upon Scripture. Tho his ser- the words from heaven: "Call nothmons were not theological, his exi- ing common or unclean." No topic gesis was so unique, and so reason- to him was too commonplace, no able, that it imprest the lessons never work despicable. He looked to the to be forgotten. need only. Who is there that can forget the lesson of the toothbrush, One of his favorite texts in speak- of putting on a nightgown, of taking ing to Negro farmers was "The the old pillow out of the window and earth is full of Thy riches." He putting in a pane, of nailing up the would begin by asking what it meant. fence, of putting. the gate on the Then he would seize a bundle of tur- hinge?

He went a step further and TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE AS IT WAS ON COMMENCEMENT SUNDAY, 1915

preached the need of beautiful sur- the truth of his doctrine. Last April roundings. He added to repairs the it was my privilege to accompany use of whitewash and of paint, of him on his educational tour of flowers, of pictures, of trees, of good ulUisiana. At every place all wished clothes, but without show or osten- to stop him, to shake his hands, to tation. Own your house and farm thank him either for the good he if possible, or failing this, build up, had done them personally or for the repair, and beautify wherever you general good he was doing the are. Thus you will be of service to South. the owner of the property and better fill your place as a worthy and pro- At Alexandria, La., people crowded gressive citizen. about the train, almost stopping its progress. Three of us shouldered Missionaries say that they can our way to the ground, clasped hands best reach the poor natives of foreign and began a fight to the stand on lands after these folk have been fed which he was to speak, about a half and clothed. This was the theory block away. We bucked, we shoulof Booker T. Washington. Correct- dered, cajoled and begged. Behind ing one's surroundings, and beautify- us a small squad of police suring premises were to him processes of rounded Mr. Washington and led Christianity. Moreover, these acts him to the platform. In five ,minlaid the foundation of a broader life utes that solid mass of faces grew of usefulness. He felt that men attentive, then uproarious, then atcould not be whole-hearted Christians tentive, then mobile, then flushed when their clothes were out of with enthusiasm. When it was over shape, and when they were loaded the police squad led him away to a with debts. He often summed it up spot which looked deserted. By the to the Tuskegee students in those time they had put him in an autonever-to-be-forgotten Sunday eve- mobile the crowd had surged about ning Chapel talks with, "I don't see and 10! there was another blockade. how a man can be a good Christian with one suspender on, or with his But, in spite of all this flattery, shoes all dowl1 at the heels." from the best black men, from gov- ernors, from judges, even from As a Public Orator kings and princes in foreign lands, he was never spoiled for the small Orators who draw great crowds audiences. He would plunge into often become spoiled, so that they his message before a cluster of farmcan not arouse enthusiasm to speak ers by the roadside with the same to the two or three. Few men have abandon with which he swayed addrest larger, more enthusiastic: whole multitudes. He was moved audiences than has Dr. Washington. from within by his message, not by For him cities have declared holi- the size of his audiences. The fact days, and railroads have changed is, while he gloried in the great their schedules, that all might hear crowds, he enjoyed going back to the his words. Rich and poor prest rude little churches, to the lonely in to hear what he said and to attest schoolhouses in Macon County, where his school is, and having his

T. WASHINGTON l03

BOOKER T. WASHINGTON SPEAKING DURING THE LOUISIANA TOUR OF 1915 say just as he had done 20 years taurant, in the back of a grocery back. store. The floor of this hostelry was Mother Earth. The dinner was As he accepted any condition with boiled collards and peas and some audiences, so he did with food and of the old lady's home-made pickles, lodging. Noone will soon forget which were put on in his honor. He the tempest caused by his dining with was as much at home,. as happy and Mr. Roosevelt in the 'Vhite House, as courteous, as if he had been in the and with Mr. John Wan:l111aker. White House or sitting at table op- About a year ago, I sat (!;)wn with posite a millionaire. him to dine in a poor woman's res-

He frequently made local tours in failure a disadvantage. Had he done the interval of a trip to the North, or so, he would have addrest few audi- of more extended journeys into other ences in the South. He invariably . states. These tours were the result had an audience of two races, whose of a sort of cry from Macedonia. interests were common, but the dif- After one of his addresses the ap- ference of whose color kept them peal would come from Missi~sippi, at great odds, now, not so great, from Florida, Louisiana, from the thank God! because of his words. Carolinas, from all states where These two races sat there looking Negroes are in large numbers-ex- him in the face-eager, hungry, but cept perhaps Georgia. An organ- each very curious to see what ad- ization, usually the state business vice he would give the other. The league which he himself had been black folk with pride claimed him instrumental in starting, assumed the as their most precious gift. The financial responsibilities. Then town whites sometimes wanted to argue and city business leagues contributed the mixture of blood. His task was so much pro rata. Dr. Washington to weld· these factions, to supplant never allowed a charge for admis- jealousy, misgiving, race antipathy, sion. Sometimes speculators would with a spirit of friendliness and help- slip around and sell tickets, but as fulness toward each other. soon as he heard of it he would stop the thing, even if he had to threaten It was a tremendous and delicate to cancel his engagement. Nearer task. Any moment, with any audi- home he bore all the expense him- ence he might make a slip and set self, or through funds given him. pandemonium agog. Any undue re- Sometimes a special car would be buke of his own race, any over-as- leased and arrangements made with sertion of rights to the whites, and railroads to drop and take on this his very life would have been in car at given points. danger. Yet he said what was needed, and saict it in such a way Now he spoke to from two thou- that men saw the injustice or the sand to five thousand people at nine absurdity of their acts and repented. o'clock in the morning, to an audi- When he wanted to criticise Georgia ence of like size at noon, to another before a mixed audience in Atlanta at 2 or 3 o'clock, to another at night. for spending about ten dollars per The speeches were from an hour to capita on educating white children two hours in length, and he gave all and $1.67 on Negroes, he told them there was of him to the task. Eager that such a distribution argued more faces looked up into his, hungry for natural superiority of his race than Lhe message, and aisles were packed his modesty would allow him to ac- Voices outside were clamoring for cept. When in Birmingham, Ala., he admission, faces were prest against sought to go upstairs in a large office windows, and the world was ex- building and found that the only pecting great things of him. elevator for his race was marked "For Negroes and freight," he said Life on these trips was not easy to the audience, "My friends, that's or without great hardships. Booker mighty discouraging to a colored T. Washington never considered even

T. WASHINGTON

man." They saw the justice of it, tion from contact. Only from meetand the white men, several hundred ing men and discussing freely probstrong, were heard to say, "that's lems common to all, he argued, could right." a clear and friendly relation be es- tablished. How often did he ex- Sometimes on these trips he had claim to audiences all over the South, hard experiences. During a tour "My friends, the best people of each through Florida a mob broke out race never meet. My race comes near him and sought to seize a Negro in contact with the antagonistic memin the jail and lynch him. In Mis- bers of your race, and your race sissippi, during his tour of that state judges us by the type of Negroes they hanged two black men on trees HOW THE NEGRO WASHINGTON INFLUENCED THE NEGRO CROWD Forty carloads of out-of-town people listening to Dr_ Washington at Mo und Bayou, M ississippi near the railroad, apparently that he you get in the courts. Is that just?" might be sure to see them. But he Probably the harshest crhlClsm saw them only with the outward eye. What he really thought of such ever launched against him arose from deeds, how they really affected him, the position he took toward the the· world will know only in part. Negro in politics. Those who In all such cases he attributed the launched this criticism, said flatly violence to ignorance in general, and that he did not want the Negro to to the race's ignorance of each other. vote. They knew not the man_ His panacea for it all was education, Booker Washington was a man of education, education from books, but tremendous faith in the final justice also, and more emphatically, educa- of God and of his fellow men. He saw that, taken for all and all, the

Negro was none too well fitted for eration is a man to serve, the one the ballot. This was so in intelli- which has passed and needs no servgence, in property holding and be- ice, or the one to come whose needs cause of the Negro's prejudices on he does not know? the one hand and those of the white man on the other. What he wanted Booker Washington's adjustment and wore his life out to attain was to the political and racial conditions that the Negro should lay the foun- of the South is the price he paid dation of citizenship first. After for the existence and service of Tuskegee Institute, and for his own PhotOgraDh by the American ,press ASSociation life and service in the South during MAJOR ROBERT R. MOTON the last thirty years. The white people had to get used to Negro Successor to Booker T. Washington as Principal schools and educated colored people. of Tuskegee Institute. Major Moton is a full- They would never have tolerated a Negro school which took for its blooded negro and was born in 1867. propaganda Negro political rights and social justice, no matter how fair this is done, he believed that the that stand might be. Surely in all black man would, through the jus- this Dr. Washington put himself out tice of God and man, come into his of the question, for his talents, his right as a voter. He thought this to be ability to choose and' keep men in ir,evitable. Moreover, as an apostle line, would have made him early one of peace, he was almost forced to of the great political factors of the such a stand, whether his conviction nation. so dictated or not. About the polls were continual riot and bloodshed, "Men tell me," he used to say, sometimes leading to the expulsion "that I have been very fortunate, of large numbers of his race from very successful in life. If that is localities. In this some say he was so, it has depended upon my getting a time-server. Be it so. What gen- other people to do things." In a sense this was the great secret-one sense only, for he was possest with a zeal for work. Certainly it was the secret of his abandon to any great undertaking. He chose men wisely, men who would cheerfully lay down their lives for the cause, and when he went forth he did so with the confidence that affairs at the school, valued tho they were at nearly two million dollars, would be safe and well conducted.

It must be kept in mind; that in addition to educating Negro boys and girls, Booker T. Washington was engaged in demonstrating a bigger and more intricate proposition. It

was that Negroes could do things to whom he submitted all his books, themselves, that they could be his articles, his speeches, his plans, trusted, that they could work one for scrutiny, who sat at his side on with another without more than the the platforms, gave him names of average friction among men. That people and whispered suggestions. he reached the place where he could Indeed, the world will never know leave this immense plant for months just how much of the work of later at a time is a pretty fair demon- years was Scott's and how much stration of this proposition. was Dr. Washington's. Back of these are a hundred men and women When asked near his last day what on the grounds who have been there was to become of Tuskegee, he re- long enough to catch the spirit of plied, "Tuskegee is to go -right on HOW TUSKEGEE IS CHANGING NEGRO SCHOOLS IN THE SOUTH Out of the old schoolhouse into the new-Pine Grove, Lee County, Ala.

under the men there,"-under him whose work remains to be car- Warren Logan, who like himself is ried on; and back of these are thoua graduate of Hampton, who for 28 sands of humble black men and years has been Acting Principal in women throughout the republic who Mr. Washington's absence, and who have raised their heads a little furis responsible for the sound finan- ther from the ground because Booker cial standing of the school; under Washington lived, and who will add their mite and their sympathy in Emmett J. Scott, who for 18 years seeing that Tuskegee pushes forward the work for which the man of their has been his confidential secretary as ranks lived and for which he gave well as the secretary of the institu- up his life. tion. It was Scott whom he delegated to go to Liberia in his stead,

China-The Land of

BY THE LATE REV. SAMUEL POLLARD, CHENTU, WEST CHINA Missionary of the United Methodists, 1887·1915 N the years gone by, fore Foreign Devils worship Him." How changed it all is. Those were mI the officials in the days of great uphill work A few Province of Yunnan, of us held a half night of prayer and . where I have spent there came a promise to us that we a quarter of. a cen- should see thousands of people con- tury, were either hos- verted. Before many years there tile or coldly indifferent to Protes- may be a Christian Church in South tant missionary work N ow and West China of half a million memagain a minor official was a friend of bers. When years ago we admitted the Westerner, but we never dreamed two men into the Church in one day in those days of mandarins attending we were greatly elated and rejoiced. Christian services. Now, however, One afternoon recently in one village the highest officers in the Province center alone a hundred and three are frequent1y listening to Christian men and boys and seventy-three appeals and encouraging those under women and girls were baptised. them to follow out the high ideals. In Tali Fu, West Yunnan,_ where A short time ago a mission of ten the Panthay rebels had the seat of days was held in a large city in the their government, about forty years North East of Yunnan and the at- ago, missionaries labored for thirty tendances numbered thirteen thou- years, and did not see thirty consand. The officials, professors in verts. Now the people come in government schools, heads of police, crowds, and on one occasion more and others, nearly all accepted invi- people were baptized than in the pretations to be present, and several vious thirty years. God is giving the made speeches commending the work increase. of the missionaries. The great work among the aborig- In Yunna~ Fu, the capital of the inals spreads like a prairie fire. Not Province, and one of the most beau- long ago some native missionaries tifutly situated cities of the whole of wrote saying they had discovered a China, for thirty years, men and lot of other people willing to receive women missionaries have plodded on Christian teachers and break with with very little success. Now con- the past. They estimated that they versions are frequent, services are had gained "another ten thousand crowded, workers are in good heart converts." and the name of Jesus is highly respected by many who are outside of What is going to be the next move the churches. Years ago in that in this great land of great surpri~es beautiful city, I woke up one morn to where the people are restless and find the legend written across my feeling after some One who stands front door, "Jesus is a Devil, there- at their door and they know it not?

in the

A TRAVELER'S IMPRESSIONS OF PRESENT CONDITIONS BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK Author of "Missions and Modern History," etc.

~~:6l~~F a traveler were blind- "'What pleasure can we have to strive folded in Siam and with evil? transported tot h e Philippine Islands and And is there any peace in ever climb- the blind removed he ing up the climbing wave?' might at first doubt "Weare ambitious only to be as whether he had left Siam at all. He we have been. Do not disturb us would see around him the familiar with restless dreams." domestic animals, most conspicuous among them the uncouth but indis- The contrast in the Philippine Islpensable carabao. Paddy-fields, just ands is instantaneous and complete. like those in Siam, stretch about him, Here are eager people, full of life edged with palm trees, skilfully ter- and hope, drinking eagerly at the raced and irrigated and filled at the fountains of new life and energy, same planting season with cheerful cheerful, happy in their greetings, companies of brightly drest village pushing hard against old limitations. folk setting out the rice plants. Many In fifteen years they have swung clear cadences of the native songs sound out of the back eddies of resignation like the strains heard on the streams in which the great mass of the Siaand the roadways in Siam. The mese people are sleeping into the houses of bamboo and nipa thatch, great stream of earnest life and joythe banana-groves, the women's ous effort which sweeps through the skirts, at least in the island of Pa- modern world. It is exhilarating to nay, the sun and the seasons, the come into this atmosphere of freebetel-nut, and, indeed, most of the dom and democratic joy after having outward forms of life might lead a felt the heavy pressure of the weight traveler to wonder whether he had of inert or despairing hopelessness not been led on some long, circuitous which rests on the mainlands of eastjourney which left him still in Siam. ern Asia.

One day's experience, however, It is due to the Roman Church would show that he had passed into and to the Spanish government that conditions differing from those he neither the narcotic influence of Budhad seen as day differs from night. dhism nor the sterility of Islam, nor The spirit of Siam is quiescent, inert. the wayward wastefulness of ani- "What profit can there be in strug- mism has destroyed the spirit of the gle?" it seems to ask. "Did not our Filipinos. They taught the people lord Buddha teach that all desire is to believe in God and in the great perempty? sonalizing and renewing principles of Christianity, and they gave them ele- ments of the ideals of thought and

standards of action which determine American Education the values of life. The American The most remarkable and effective spirit has unreservedly recognized of the agencies which the government this debt of the Philippine Islands to has used has been the new educa- the past and has erected on the sea- tional system. The Philippine public- front looking out over Manila Bay a school system, as its director says, is great monument in which Legaspi, probably the most highly centralized the soldier, and Urdineta, the priest, system in the world, and it is hard stand on either side of a cross, typi- for anyone who has not seen its fying the three great forces which for work, ramifying through all the prov- four hundred years wrought upon the inces of the Islands and rapidly per- spirit of a not unresponsive people. vading the whole body of society, to But when all this has been said, no realize its power. When the Ameri- one can fail to see that it is the ef- cans came to the Islands they found ficiency and unselfishness of the ser- no public-school system. The Roman vice that America has rendered in the Church had its own higher schools, Philippine Islands during the past but the few primary schools in exis- fifteen years which is chiefly respon- tence were negligible. In March, sible for the present conditions. In 1915, there were 3,837 primary these fifteen years the Islands have schools, 3d9 intermediate schools, and made almost as marked progress, in- 41 secondary schools, a total of 4,187, tellectually and economically, as in with a total teaching force of 9,845.

the previous four centuries, and every More than half of all the children of year marks a further advancement im- school age in the Islands were en- measurably greater than the Siamese rolled.

government is accomplishing for a When the schools were first population about equal, but with a opened the people were uninterested governmental revenue more than or suspicious or opposed, now the double that of the Philippines. schools are their most popular insti- Americans have a right to be proud tutions. The first act of the Filipino of the achievement of these fifteen legislature after its inauguration was years. The spirit of a whole people to pass an appropriation for school has been changed from suspicion to purposes. One-fourth of the entire good will, from despair to hope, from budget of the insular government is inequality and privilege to democracy devoted to education. Everywhere the and brotherhood. A national unifica- people freely vote taxes for educa- tion has begun and is rapidly ad- tional purposes and contribute from vancing, not only unchecked but in- their personal funds for the support spired and promoted by the Ameri- of schools and furnish labor and mate- can administration, not only without rials for school buildings. Within a fear but with joy and of set purpose. few years the great mass of the popu- The whole process has been free and lation will have been given a primary living, and guided by moral forces education, so that everyone will be which have made no use of the me- able to read and write. An inter- chanical and militaristic agencies to mediate education will have been giv- which other lands have resorted. en to the substantial middle class of

IN THE PHILIPPINES

the country, and higher instruction jealousy and of tribal strife with gen- will have been provided for those erous rivalry. who are to assume leadership. Industrial instruction has steadily The Filipino people never have changed the viewpoint of the people been a unity. They had no common respecting manual labor, has raised language or literature. But a small the standard of living, improved the fraction of them were able to speak home and home life, taught better Spanish, and while, to this extent, methods of cooking, sanitation and Spanish constituted a bond of union, the care of children, provided voca- it was also an agency of separation tions and developed national re- among the people and of aristocratic sources. No normal pupil is promo- domination. The schools made Eng- ted from a primary or intermediate lish the language of instruction be- grade without participating in indus- cause a common language was es- trial work. Already the effects of sential for national unity, because the schools are apparent in every de- English gave the fullest contact with partment of the life of the people. In . the ideals of democracy and because many provinces men under thirty are it is the commercial language of the no longer seen at the cock-pits, and world, especially of the Far East. every year the revenue from the N ow it is estimated many more peo- licensed cock-fighting diminishes. In ple speak English than ever spoke every province farmers are multiply- Spanish, and a generation is growing ing their tilled areas, having learned up to which English will be the Fili- better methods, and realizing now pino language. The change that has that the old days of insecurity and already taken place is illustrated in oppression are gone. the fact that during the half year ending December I, 1913,4,377 appli- Wherever we traveled through the cants took the civil service examina- Islands in the dozen provinces which tions in English and 490 in Spanish, we visited we attended the schools while six years ago the number tak- and came away with new courage and ing the examinations in English was hope in the remembrance of this 4,223 and in Spanish 1,975, and in great host of eager, responsive, en- the year ending July I, 1914, 2,443 thusiastic young lives drinking in the were examined in English and 3,011 streams of truth and democracy, and in Spanish. dreaming for themselves and for their Islands the great dreams which may The effect of athletics and of in- not always yield the great deeds, but dustrial education in the schools has without which certainly the great been equally remarkable. Clean games deeds can not be. These boys and have brought with them noticeable girls in the high and intermediate improvement in the physical develop- schools constitute· one of the great ment of the people, who stood in opportunities of the evangelical misgreat need of such influences. Sports sions. Wherever these missions have have developed energy, organizing any chapels in the neighborhood of ability, and the faculty of coopera- the schools, a large part of the contion, and have replaced the spirit of gregation is sure to be made up of students. They come from and go

back to the better-class homes, to Cebu look very much like hillside which it has been most difficult thus cornfields in America. Altho nearly far to secure access. Their educa- half the area of the Islands is esti- tion has raised questions in their mated to be forest, we traveled wide- minds which they are not willing to ly through the islands and only evade and which bring them to reli- twice came in touch with the forests.

gious teachers who do not forbid Mindanao alone has, in an area them to think and who are willing to about equal to Holland, Belgium, and lead them forward into the new land Denmark combined, only 626,086 in- of liberty. Within the next ten years habitants, or seventeen to the square tens of thousands of these young mile, while Java, whose physical con- people for whom mere ecclesiastical ditions are similar, has 590 to the authority has no meaning should be square mile. It has the best climate brought into a living faith in Christ. in the Islands, 22,000 square miles The educational achievement of the of forest, and as good grazing last fifteen years in the Philippine ground as can be found anywhere in Islands is vividly seen by comparing the world. If you ask for anything it with the educational system of in the Philippine Islands that you Siam. have not found elsewhere, you are Total Government Siam. Philippine met with the reply, "0, yes, you will Islands. find it in Mindanao." Income ………. $28,070,774 $11,275,074 Thousands from other islands are Devoted to Education $623,499 $2,082,172 moving thither. Whole evangelical congregations from Cebu have re- Total number of 4,187 moved to northern Mindanao. Young 610,519 men from Silliman Institute have schools under the scattered along the north t:oast carry- Department of Public Instruction 394 Pup i I s in the s e Schools ……… 25,486 ing with them the seeds of the new The Siamese government estimates life which they got at Dumaguete.

that there are approximately 2,900 The communities are wide open to local and private schools with 95,000 the Gospel. When the representa- scholars not under the ministry of tive of the Congregational Church to public instruction. Let such schools which Mindanao is assigned in the and scholars be excluded in the Phil- distribution of responsibility for the ippine Islands and included in Siam, evangelization of the Philippines came and the latter would have 3,294 to Cagayan, the governor, treasurer, schools and 120,486 scholars in a presidents, and all the chief officials population about the same as that of welcomed him, calling for a hos- the Philippines. pital, a college, a dormitory, a The land which these young peo- church. After the slaughter in the ple are being trained to develop is a cock-pit Sunday afternoon it was of- far more attractive and habitable and fered for a meeting, at which the homelike land than it is easy for us crowds drank in the words of the in America to conceive. The Islands preacher. The next day the chief are not all swamp and forest and political paper of the city called tropical jungle. The cornfields of upon the people of the province to

give the missionaries their friendship Everyone who longs to see the Ro- and support. Similar doors of op- man Church purified and set free portunity are wide ajar on every must look with sorrow upon it as it side. stands divided and confused among The Failure of Romanilm the havoc which it helped to make The Roman Church had its unhin- and among the mighty forces of dered opportunity for four hundred freedom and hope which are repair- years. I have already borne un- ing that havoc and building in its grudging testimony to some of the stead a structure of truth and lib- good that it accomplished, but it erty.

wrought also much evil and it Evangelical Opportunity showed itself, through its divisions, The present situation offers what its inefficiency, and its despotism, Paul would call "a wide door and ef- incapable of doing alone the work fectual" to the work of the evangeli- which needed to be done. It was cal missions. Fifteen years ago the divided and is divided still. The churches entered this door with zeal friars contended with one another and wisdom. In a spirit not of ex- and with the Filipino clergy, from clusive claim but of distributed re- whom they sought to take away the sponsibility, they divided the task, parochial care of their own people. assigning central and northern Lu- In 1849 only one-fifth, and those the zon to the Methodists, southern Lu- poorest, of the 168 parishes under the zon to the Presbyterians, the Visa- Archbishopric of Manila, belonged yas to the Baptists and Presbyter- to the Filipinos, and this number ians, Mindanao to the Congregation- was steadily reduced, for the decree alists. Later, room was made in Lu- of September !O, 1861, gave power zon for the United Brethren and the to the Reccoletos "to administer the Disciples. The Episcopalians, who parishes of Cavite province and other had begun their work for Americans parishes now under the native clergy and the non-Christian tribes, were as they are being vacated." The led on by the very compulsion of the friars' orders, which are now regain- need to share in the general work ing something of their strength, are for the Filipino people in Manila.

again a source of disunion and con- These determinations of responsi- flict. The Church was and is inef- bility have been of the greatest value.

ficient. One of its own lawyers, as They have secured a far wider evan- well as officials whose business gelization than would otherwise have brought them into relation with it, been possible, and they have minis- told me that they were amazed at its tered to the unification of the people business incapacity and at the losses through the subordination of all de- that it had suffered in consequence. nominational division and the co- No one can look at the present in- ordination of the results of the work effective and misapplied activities of of almost all the missions, not only the Church, missing so much of the in an evangelical union of the work- wonderful opportunity of the present ers, but in a church union of the con- day, without marveling at its want gregations in the one "Evangelical of insight and intelligent direction. Christian Church of the Philippine

Islands." The Church is wofully true and tactful influence which will weak as yet in wholly self-supporting lead them to take Christ into their local units, and there appears to have lives as their living Master.

been temporarily a subsidence of One sees no hope of any self- the zeal and momentum of the first generated movements of religious re- days. "Five years from now," said vival in the Islands. Aglipayanism one of the most intelligent and ener- is disintegrating, and, in the process, getic Filipino leaders, "you will find is passing through a pitiful degenera- that the tide has returned with fuller tion. It began as a great revolt strength than ever. The thought of within the Roman Church, but it rep- the people is concentrated at present resented no vital intellectual or spiri- on political discussion, but within a tual principle. It was a rebellion, few years this will have passed by. not a reform, and it met its death- Policies will have been clearly set- blow when the courts awarded the tled, and will have become under- Church properties to the Roman or- stood. Then, again, the mind of the ganization. A few church-buildings people will turn to the deepest prob- were built. Some of these are still lems and necessities, and multitudes maintained in shabby disrepair. Some both of the older people to whom of the people have returned to their the old religious forms are meaning- old superstitions, and even deepened less, and of the younger people to the fraud and falsehood which they whom they are unreal and untrue, repudiated, as in the case of the and who, believing intellectually in church in Santa Cruz worshiping God and Christ, are still seeking a and making money out of the Vir- vital experience, will turn to the Bi- gin of Malove, which is nothing but ble and to the Church which is not a curiously shaped knot of wood.

afraid to open its pages to the peo- Aglipay himself, under the influence ple and answer the questions which of one of his followers who has dug the people ask." up the remains of Renan, has now But our observation and experience taken up with a charlatan rational- would lead to the conclusion that ism. There is in him and his move- there is no need of waiting for five ment no hope whatever of religious years; that the door is just as wide or moral helpfulness to the Filipino open now as it was fifteen years ago, people.

and wider; that in almost every mu- The spirit of truth and freedom is nicipio and barrio in the Islands borne far and wide over the land to- there are men and women accessible day by men who have come from and waiting; and that nowhere in America or who have been raised up the world is there a richer and more from the Islands, whose sign is not immediate possibility of an evangelis- A. M., the monogram of Ave Maria, tic harvest and of a great molding which takes the place of the figure of of character in individuals and in a the Savior over the altar in some of nation than among the 50,000 stu- the great Manila churches, but A. D., dents enrolled in the intermediate the day of Mary'S Son, and who and secondary schools, who are dead carry not so much cross Dr crucifix, ripe for friendship and for every as the living Christ.

A SERVICE IN THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF RIO DE JANEIRO

A Wide-Awake Church in Brazil A STORY OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF RIO DE JANEIRO BY REV. ALVARO REIS, PASTOR Few Christians in North America and England know of the strength and influence of some of the Prote~tant churches in South America. It is therefore illuminating to read of the history and manifold activities of this organization which is but a sample of many equally strong and evangelical.-EDITOR.

@}j~~~ll HE Presbyterian Church A church building was erected in of Rio de Janeiro was 1873, with a seating capacity of six organized over fifty hundred, and in the Jubilee year this years ago (on January was enlarged by the addition of a 12,1862) by Rev. Ash- gallery seating 300 people. bell Green Simonton, In May, 1897, when the present the first American Presbyterian mis- pastor took official charge of the sionary to Brazil, who had arrived church, the number of members was in Rio two years and a half before. 585, and in eighteen years the church increased to 1,395 members. In 1897, Two years later, Rev. Jose Manoel the church had one other preaching da Concei<;ao, an accomplished priest station (in the suburbs), while to-day and eloquent orator, who. was c~:m­ there are five (daughters) organized verted from Roman Catholicism, was churches that worship in their own ordained in this church as the first buildings, beside twelve congreganational preacher.

tions, ten of which have no buildings. -for the propagation of the Gospel, In the same period the contributions with a circulation of twenty-five hun- for all purposes have grown from dred copies. $8,000 to $14,000. The activity of the Presbyterian All this work, including the Sun- Church of Rio is indicated by the day-schools in all the churches and organizations at work, which include a Ladies' Aid Society, senior and PASTOR ALVARO REIS junior Christian Endeavor societies, and a normal Sunday-school class. congregations, is directed by mne na.tive preachers and teachers, and This church renders financial asthere is not an American Presby- sistance to much good ~ork in Brazil terian missionary working in all this and to our first missionary station at field of the Presbytery of Rio de Lisbon, in Portugal, opened in 1910, Janeiro-a territory nearly as large during the pastor's visit to that as France. country.

In the Presbytery of Rio de Jan- Fro~ this church. have gone out twelve preachers of the Gospel, and eiro there were received by profes- at present four members are presion of faith in 1914, 431 adults ; paring to preach. children baptized, 504. The Presbytery's contributions for all purposes The Christian Endeavor Society, amounted to $5°,000. after having constructed a nice little chapel for their first missionary sta- The Presbyterian Church of Rio tion in Fontinha (suburb), is consupports its pastor, one assistant structing now a large room for its preacher, and a secretary, who gives meetings in the yard of the Central his principal time to the editing of Presbyterian Church of Rio. This the weekly pap~r, Puritano (Puritan) structure will cost more than $4,000. This society, which is the strongest in Brazil, does good work among the prisoners, explaining the Gospel and giving evangelical tracts; also sends pamphlets by mail to the gentlemen of good social and political position, and occasionally distributes thousands of tracts on the streets.

If we want a strong and living Church it is necessary that every be- liever should read his Bible daily, as well as some evangelical book; that he should pray fervently; do his daily work honestly and diligently; that in every place, by his life and words and by evangelical efforts, he should do something daily for the advancement of the ;Kingdom of God; that he have

A WIDE-AWAKE CHURCH IN BRAZIL II7

some special work in the church, and nificant member or organ of the body that he contend constantly against the does not go well-good health disiniquity of this world, against the re- appears and sickness comes with its' ligious indifference, against the social sufferings and tears. My greatest corruption, against the superstition, efforts as preacher and pastor, and idolatry and fetichism of the Roman my purpose before God are that the worship, against the heretical doc- Holy Spirit may move all the hearts trines of the modern spiritualists and of the members of the Presbyterian their medical charlatanism. Finally, Church of Rio to do daily some work GARDEN IN INTERIOR OF EVANGELICAL HOSPITAL, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL he must strive for the animation of for Christ and his Church. But all all the lukewarm believers who for- my efforts can not reach all the memget their church and that the great- bers. Oh, there are yet so many beest privilege in the world is to co- lievers that do nothing visible or peroperate with Christ in leading souls ceptible in favor of the Christian from the darkness to the light of the cause! In the meanwhile I will con- Eternal Life and Love of God. tinue in this effort as much as pos- sible through my sermons, prayers In the Church, the body of Christ, and conversations. The Evangelical all the believers have some particular, Church in Brazil is growing in numindividual and proper function to per- bers and power. form. When even the most insig-

America and the

BY BISHOP HOMER C. STUNTZ, BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA Methodist Episcopal Bishop of South America ~~:i?2~~N at least five ways city. Merchants, contractors,' labor- the war in Europe in- ers-every activity of Argentina is jures missionary work led or well-near led by Italians. The in South America. Spanish speech of the port is taking 1. It drains our con- Italian forms, and that not with an gregations of young accent here, and a pronunciation there, but in the very warp and woof men. Immigration has brought mil- of the language itself. Belgians have . lions from nearly all parts of Eu- come to South America in far great- er numbers than I had supposed be- rope, and has flung them out over fore going there. They have a good- the wide spaces of the southern con- ly representation right over the whole tinent. Almost every race on the land. The French have found that far side of the Atlantic has made its part of the western world a conge- contribution. They have come seek- nial home, and have come in goodly ing the larger life of the young na- numbers, particularly for commercial tions where economic opportunity ends. joins with the spice of adventure so loved of all youth, and the stream Furthermore, it must not be for- has run almost bank-full during the gotten that this immigratiQnal stream last two or three decades. Germans is a comparatively new on"e.~· While practically dominate Southern Bra- Spain held her grip in South Ameri- zil. The southern end of Chile is ca, laws and administrative effort filled with sturdy sons and daugh- were centered in an attempt to keep ters of the same Fatherland. Eng- that land of Spain for Spaniards lish and Scotch and Welsh, not to only. Immigration was not only not omit the Irish, are there, particular- sought after; it was inhibited under ly numerous in the Argentine, where pains and penalties which Spain nearly all the railway lines are fi- could be. trusted to invent and ap- nanced by British capital. By hun- ply better than any nation which had dreds of thousands the British have not been learning cruelties from the made South America their home, and Moors for seven bloody centuries. have flourished exceedingly in their When Bolivar and San Martin and new and roomy habitat. Italians their companions in arms did for all have come in far greater numbers parts of that continent what W ash- than any other Europeans. They ington and his fellow soldiers did have flocked into Brazil and Argen- for our United Colonies-freed them tina, particularly, and to such an ex- from foreign control-it was half tent has this gone on that Buenos a century before the leaders of the Aires is almost as much an Italian ten republics into which they broke as a Spanish or purely Argentine up awakened to a full sense of their won them for Christ. This they have need of that enrichment of national done, and in center after center men life which European immigration from the embattled nations have bewould bring them. Then their early come members, and, in many cases, efforts were hindered for lack of leaders in our churches. The loss of proper publicity, and immigrants these men has injured mlSSlOn have never been as free to go there churches from Peru to Valdivia on as to come to this favored land. For the West Coast, and from Punta never before in history has there Arenas to the last port in Brazil on been a heavy race movement from the East Coast. And by far the north to south. These, as Mr. Ben- larger number will never return! In jamin Kidd points out in his sug- this lies the full meaning of this gestive book, "The Control of the form of our suffering from the mon- Tropics," have moved from east to ster war. west on either side of the equator, but have not crossed it in racial mi- Financial Troubles grations. Unsettled conditions of government, and religious intoler- 2. It deprive~ 1tS of the means of ance united to keep the flood at a self-support. Not only in our minimum, and what these forces schools, but in direct evangelistic and lacked was supplied in a vicious sys- pastoral work, the missionary activitem of land ownership, shutting the ties of that part of the world are small farmer from opportunity to carried on by means of the contribuget a home of his own. Due to all tions of members on the field to an these causes, and more which I will extent which would come as a comnot even specify, the immigrants in South America are nearly all of the plete surprize to many a: supporter of first gene.ration 'from their own lands. By far the larger number missions. In the Argentine and U ruhave come since they can remember, guay, for example, in the work and the bearing of it all on the mat- which I am attempting to direct for ter before us is that there were tens the Methodist Episcopal Church, the of thousands of men there when the free-will offerings of the members war broke out who were either im- and friends the last year before the migrants themselves, or sons of im- war was equal to the entire appromigrants, tho born in the lands of priation made by the Church in Europe, and neither father nor sons North America, Several of the naturalized in the land of their adop- churches have been entir<;:ly selftion. They were liable for military supporting for years, and the produty, and answered and are answer- cess was going on in a most gratifying the call to their national colors ing fashion until we were struck by in thousands and tens of thousands. this red horror of war. The injury is great in the matter of financial Now the missionaries at work in support, and the longer the slaughter South America would have been re- and the reckless destruction of miss in their duty had they not wealth goes on, the greater must be sought out these sons of Europe and the harm and loss.

How this can be done is not plain without thinking briefly of the re- lations which exist between South

America and Europe. It does seem The terrific destruction of capital puzzling and bewildering when one which was exacted from the first is told that a boarding-school in Bo- belching of cannon to the present_ livia is forced to shut part of its hour has goaded European capitalists work, and its very existence is im- into the most desperate attempts to perilled by a war in Europe! It get their scattered resources in hand only calls attention to the interlock- at the earliest possible moment.

ing of interests which has gone on Therefore, in the face of a series of since steam and electricity "made the years of poor harvests due to drouth world a neighborhood." It is one or floods, and in the very midst of more comment on the truth uttered large projected plans for public im- by Scripture-HN0 man liveth unto provements in nearly all parts of the himself." several nations, with coffee and rub- Being Latins, and harking back to ber both falling in price, and the European ancestry, European ideas stress of financial depression already rather than those from North Amer- crowding down national and com- ica, they have done their selling, their mercial intake, merchants and rail- buying and borrowing and banking, way financiers and national leaders in' Europe! The economic rootage have been called upon for the prompt of the southern continent is in Ger- payment of vast sums as fast as they many, in England, in France, in Bel- f'ell due, where they had confidently gium. Capital for huge government- hoped to extend times of payment, al loans in those republics comes and borrow yet more heavily until'

southwest and not south. It is their troubles blew over. All this European. Until last November makes itself felt right up and down there was not one bank in South the line of national life. Interest America that we ever found that rates go soaring. The small mer- would either cash a dollar draft or chant must square his accounts with sell a draft in terms of our currency. the wholesaler whether he can do so All the flow of business between or not! The farmer can not secure South America and North America the loan he needs to buy seed for the poured through Berlin or London or next crop. The mine owner is cramp- Paris. By far the larger share of ed and must dismiss his force. And their exports went to European mar- in the last analysis all this economic kets, and little besides farm machin- pressure reaches the missionary, and ery and mining machinery sent to the cuts off the support for the day- and West Coast and Brazil, and National boarding-schools in which youth were Cash Registers and "Walkover" shoes, being taught the ways of true relig- were bought in the United States. ion, and shuts off the contributions The war has hit the entire contin- which had made possible the rental ent so hard that business interests of a hall and the payment of a are staggering or prostrate. This meager salary to a national pastor has come about in two ways. First, who was gathering scores to hear the repayment of governmental and com- Word of God.

mercial loans has been abruptly de- Second, exports and imports have manded by the European lenders. been practically stopt in some dis-

AMERICA AND THE WAR

tricts, with all the wreckage of busi- for letters home, not to purchase ness that follows in the wake of such mediCines for the sick. With their a sudden shutting off of the steady income from students divided by at streams of income from millions of least five, and their support from the. people. Take Bolivia as an example, government entirely suspended, they and as one of the nations which is needed no convincing that the war suffering most heavily. Mining is interfered with missionary work in the industry by which Bolivia lives. South America. The Board is sup- Her mineral wealth is vast, and she plementing their income temporarily, manufactures nothing. Nearly 70 but the heroic force holds on with per cent. of the governmental rev- splendid courage. They should have enue comes from high export duties our prayers and our love. on ores of various kinds, tin being one of the principal products. In a In the nitrate fields of Chile, and day all export, all cabled orders for throughout the northern part, there export, and all correspondence about is distress little short of that which export stopt! What happened? Mines has reigned in Belgium. In all that were either shut down or went on desert country for fifteen hundred with reduced forces and under gov- miles there is never a shower of ernment aid. With the first firing, rain, and the one industry by which the ships of belligerents were either the cities live is mining of nitrate interned in neutral ports where they and copper. Here the same results happened to be, or captured by one followed which have been. described enemy vessel or another. above. Our mission school for boys at Iquique lost thirty of its fifty How did this effect missionary boarders in the first month after war work? Vitally. Patrons of mission was declared. Day pupils were alschools in La Paz and Cochabamba most all withdrawn. But for help faced utter poverty. They were from North America the mission forced to withdraw their sons from schools could not have been kept up. the schools. Governmental aid had been generously given to these insti- Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil tutions because of the excellence of feel the effects of the ~ar keenly. the work they were doing for the But one who passes from nation to youth of the land. But govern- nation as it has been my duty to do mental income practically ceased with during recent months sees that they the opening of the war. are suffering far less than West Coast countries. They get millions We have over twenty selected of pounds of frozen meats away college and university graduates to Europe by single steamers. They working in those two schools, and send immense loads of horses to feed . so pitiless has been the pinch of the the cannon and machine guns of a situation created by the war in Eu- hundred shambles of war. They exrope, as certainly as tho the firing port less than usual; but the stream had been done in their own streets, does not at any time entirely dry up. that these men and women had no From all these causes our work in salaries for months, and more than the various churches will receive a once had not money to buy stamps decided check this year, and while

the war goes on. Supporting Boards of toil in the name of the Christ, must reckon with this fact, and not such hellish forces seem to control expect the impossible. the world. It is a time to try men's Mental Distraction souls, and we feel it among widely separated workers and among im- 3. It preoccupies the public mind. mature Christians on the mission Public sympathy is strongly inclined field most acutely.

to the side of the Allies. But the 5. It embitters strong races among heavy German population of parts of whom 'we wMtld win souls. How the countries makes its own view intense this bitterness becomes may strongly felt, and the public mind is be understood in part could I right- so preoccupied with the wrangling fully tell the inner workings of mis- in community groups, the conflicting sionary administration, particularly in deliverancies of newspapers, and the its personnel. Germans will not go wild rumors and reports from day to to hear an Englishman preach. Eng- day, that it is only natural that at- lishmen refuse to accept the pastoral tendance should fall off at the labors of German pastors, no matter churches and chapels, and that those how discreet and restrained their who do come are not as open to the utterances. Members of the same influences of the preaching as they official groups in local churches re- were before this distracting and hor- sign, and even revile one another rible nightmare filled all their think- openly. Entire sections of com- ing by day and wakened them at munities become enraged at each night from dreams of carnage and other, and prayer-meetings are in- sudden drownings at sea. jured, and public services thin down 4. It saps the courage of many. to a handful, and Christ is wounded They say, "What is the use?" They at the hands of those who should be feel benumbed. They see a continent His friends. There is no racial feel- where religious influences have been ing so strong as that of the colonial, at work for all the centuries since the citizen away from his home land.

Christ came. There Paul and Au- He idealizes the land from which he gustine, Calvin and Knox, Luther has been absent just long enough to and Wesley lived and ~aught and soften all his impressions of its fail- wrought mightily for the righteous- ings, and throw up into strong re- ness which is the goal of the King- lief all the advantages and glories dom, nay, the Kingdom itself. And of loved scenes and dear associations that is the continent which has blazed and a boasted past. The entail of into an unrighteous war, the most hate seems more unchristlike to me terrible and merdless of which his- even than the wounds and piled up tory gives us any knowledge. There terrors of the battlefields. Christ de- can be no doubt that much of the mands love, even of enemies. We see visible lack of prayer and zeal in bitter hatred, and can only speak our mIssIonary circle" in South plainly of its unchristlike character, America in recent months has come and pray that it may be swallowed up from this dumb feeling of di ,cour- of the deeper iove of Christ our agement that after so many centuries Master and King.

Shih Kai and the

BY REV. E. w. THWING, PEKING, CHINA Oriental Secretary of the International Reform Bureau 1~~m.:s……'Iti1JIAST year a beautiful troubles come upon the world, and Bible was given to times of danger. Men make plans, President Yuan Shi but we know that all things depend Kai, but he said that upon Heaven (God). he had not time to read it, and gave the Last year I read how Your Excel- lency sacrificed to Heaven on behalf volume to his son. Recently, how- of the nation. But from ancient ever, he has devoted some time times the burnt sacrifice has a deeper daily to the Ancient Sages. As he meaning than· is often seen. We has not time to go through the books should seek to know the true reason himself, he has directed some of his for God's ancient law. Councilors to make selections for his use. As your Excellency is now read- ing selections from the wisdom of the Not long ago, by special appoint- ancient Sages, I ask that you may ment of the President, I secured an also read some selections from the interview with the Chief of Cere- "Save-the-world Classic," the book mony, and suggested that the Presi- that tells of God's purpose, and that dent might be greatly helped in the is as a light in world darkness. This affairs of State by reading the Bible. book has been known and read by The fact was mentioned that men great men of all ages. like Abraham Lincoln and President Wilson found much help in reading President Wilson, of my own the Bible, as one of the world's most country, finds in this book daily ancient books, and full of the Wis- guidance and help. I have prepared dom of God. a few selections of subjects of pres- ent interest for your Excellency's The Chief of Ceremony agreed perusal. If it is your Excellency's that the President might well in- pleasure, at a latter day I will preclude this book with the other ancient pare other selections. classics, but that at present he read only documents. The Chief of The Unchangeable Word of God Ceremony suggested that selections from the Bible might be put in the I. ANCIENT KINGS RECEIVED form of a document, and that he would then see that the President GOD'S MESSAGE. read them. In the "Li Chi" it is said: "the In harmony with this suggestion Ancient Kings received the decrees the following documents were pre- of God and were able to rule the pared and sent to President Yuan. people." "To lose them is death, to gain them is Iife." To the President: When the Great Doctrine is lost The Bible has given God's law in fuller detail. Nate the following: "God spake all these 'Words saying",·

(then follow the Ten Command- wickedness must bring punishment. ments. Exodus 20). A nd I will punish the world for Those who keep God's Command- their evil, and the wicked for their ments will have great blessing. iniquity,' and I will cause the arro- gancy of the proud to cease, and will And it shall come to pass, if thou lay low the haughtiness of the ter- rible. (Isaiah 13: II.) shalt hearken diligently unto the voice of tihe Lord thy God, to ob- 4.' PRIDE OF MAN BRINGS DESserve and to do all his commandments which I command thee this TRUCTION. day, that the Lord thy God will set thee on high above all nations of the The rulers of Europe have become earth. proud. This brings the punishment of God. It was so in ancient Baby- And all these blessings shall come lon and Egypt. on thee, and overtake thee, if thou shalt hearken unto voice of the Lord The great King of Babylon was thy God. the greatest at that time but God took away his throne for pride: If men disobey God's Law, trouble and sickness come. A t the end of twelve months he walked in the palace of the kingdom If thou wilt not observe to do all of Babylon. the words of this law that are written in this book, phat thou mayest fear The King spake, and said, Is not ~his glorious and fearful name, THE this great Babylon, that I have built LORD THY GOD: for the house of the kingdom by the might of my power, and for the Then the Lord will send plagues honor of my majesty? on thy seed, even great plagues, and of long continuance, artd sore sick- While the word was in the king's nesses of long continuance. mouth, there fell a voice from heaven, saying, 0 king Nebuchad- 2. MEN FORGET GOD'S LAW. nezzar, to thee it is spoken,' Thy kingdom is departed from thee. Confucius said: "The Great Doc- (Dan. 4: 30 -3 1 ). trine has become hidden," and he sighed. And because of the majesty that God gave him, all people, nations, The Prophet Isaiah of the Bible and languages, trembled and feared said: before him: whom he would he sle'lu; and whom he would he kept alive; Because thou hast forgotten the and 'whom he would he set up" and God of thy salvation, and hast not whom he would he put down. been mindful of the Rock of thy strength, therefore shalt thou plant But when his heart was lifted up, pleasant plants, and shalt set it with and his mind hardened in pride, he strange slips. (Isaiah 17: 10.) was deposed from his kingly throne, and they took his glory from him. 3. CAUSE OF THE WORLD'S WAR. (Daniel 5: I9, 20.) Many kings and people have forgotten God's truth and love and now 5. GOD IS KING OF ALL THE follow selfishness. This brings the wars and world unrest. (Matt. 24: EARTH. 6.) There is no other way for sin, and But the Lord is the true God, he is the living God, and an everlasting

SHIH KAT AND THE BIBLE 12

King; at his wrath the earth shall Now, therefore, 0 Lord, our God, tremble and the nations shall not be I beseech thee, save thou us of his able to abide his indignation. hand, that all the kingdoms of the Thus shall ye say unto them, The earth may Imow that thou art the Gods that have not made the heavens, Lord God, even thou only. (2 Kings and the earth, even they shall perish 19: 15-19.) tram the earth, and from under ~hese And there came a great deliverance heavens. from God.

He hath made the earth by his Therefore thus saith the Lord con- power, he hatfJ, established the world cerning the king of Assyria. He by his wisdom, and hath stretched shall not come into this city, nor out the heavens by his discretion. shoot an aj'row there, nor come be- (Jeremiah 10: 10-12.) fore it with shield, nor cast a bank 6. GOD IS ABLE TO SAVE IN TIME against it.

OF TROUBLE. By the way that he came, by the Behold, God is my salvation; I will same shall he refurn, and shall not trust, and not be afraid: for the come into this city, saith the Lord.

Lord JEHOVAH is my strength and For I will defend this city, to save my song,' he also is become my sal- it, for mine own sake and for my vation. servant David's sake. (2 Kings. 19: Therefore with joy shall ye draw 32 -34.) water out of the wells of salvation. 8. GOD IS ABLE TO GIVE WISDOM (Isaiah 12: 2, 3.) TO A GREAT RULER.

7. FORMER KINGS ASKED Gon. Solomon was the most famous king The ancient king of Judah prayed of ancient Judah. He asked God for when in trouble. wisdom and guidance.

And Hezekiah prayed before the And Solomon said, Thou hast Lord, and said, 0 Lord God of shewed unto thy servant David my Israel, which dwetrest between the father, great mercy, according as he cherubim, thou art the God, even walked before thee in truth, and in thou alone, of all the kingdoms of righteousness, and in uprightness of the earth; thou hast made heaven and heart with thee; and thou hast kept earth. . for him this great kindness, that thou Lord, bow down thine ear, and hast given him a son to sit on his hear: open, Lord, thine eyes, and throne, as it is this day.

see: and hear the words of Senna- And no'W, 0 Lord my God, thou cherib, which hath sent him to re- hast made thy servant King instead proach the living God. of David my father: and I am but Of a truth, Lord, the kings of a little child: I know noV how to go Assyria have destroyed the nations out or come in.

and their lands. A nd thy servant is in the midst of A nd have cast their gods into the thy people thou hast chosen, a great fire: for they were no gods, but the peoplc, that can not be numbered work of men's hands, wood and nor counted for multitlude.

stone: therefore they have destroyed Give therefore thy servant an Ihem. understanding heart to judge thy

people, that I may discern between persun, and upholding all things by good and bad: for who is able to the word of his power, when he had judge this thy so grea~ a people? (I by himself purged our sins, sat down Kings 3: 6-9·) on the right hand. (Hebrews I: 1- His prayer was answered. 3·) A nd God gave Solomon 'Wisdom 11. CHRIST THE SAVIOR DIED AND and understl(lnding exceeding much, and largeness of heart, even as the ROSE AGAIN. sand that is on the sea shore. The story of the Gospel is of Christ And Solomon's wisdom excelled the wisdom of all the children of the Son of God who came to save the east country, and all the wisdom and teach men. He died on the of Egypt. (I King 4: 29,30.) Cross, was buried and rose again, and 9. GOD IS A SPIRIT THE FATHER He is the Hope of the world to-day. OF MEN. Have we not one father? (Malachi But now is Christ risen from the 2: ro.) dead, and become the first fruits of But the hour cometh, and now is, them that slept. when the true worshipers shall worship the Father in spirit and in For since by man came death, by truth: for the Father seeketh such man came also the resurrec~ion of to worship him. the dead. God is a Spirit: and they tha~ worship him must worship him in spirit For as in Adam all die, even so and in truth. (John 4: 23, 24.) in Christ shall all be made alive. 10. How DOES GOD SPEAK TO (I Corinthians, IS: 20-22.) MEN? And inasmuch as if) is appointed God spoke to the ancient prophets unto m£!n once to die, and after this of old. He spoke to Moses, the ser- the judgment; so Christ also, having vant of God. He made known His been once offered to bear the sin's will which we find in the Bible. of man)', shall appear a second time, apart frmn sin, to them that wait for For no prophecy ever came by the him, unto salvation. (Hebrews 9: will of man: but men spake from 27, 28.) God, being moved by the Holy Spirit. (2 Peter I: 21.) 12. JESUS THE MEDIATOR. Jesus thu3 become the one medi- But afterward He sent His Son ator, or "middle man" between God into the world. and man. He shows the true way to God. God, who at sundry times and in F or there is one God, ood one divers manners spake in time past mediator between God and men, the unto the fathers by the prophets. man Christ Jesus; TVho gave himself a ransom for all, to be testified in due H atk in these last days spoken unto time. (I Timothy 2:5, 6.) tlS by his Son, whom he hath ap- 13. THE MEANING OF SACRIFICE. pointed heir of all things, by whom It was the death of Jesus on the also he made the worlds,' cross that became the great Sacri- fice. All others pointed to this. From Who being the brightness of his the earliest times of Yao and Shun, glory, and the express image of ms men have offered the blood of sacri- fice to God for their sins. The blood

SHIH KAI AND THE BIBLE

of oxen and sheep could not save throttghout all the coasts of Judea, men, but they showed to men the and then to the Gentiles, that they need of a Savior. The book of should repent and turn to God, and Hebrews explains how Jesus became do works meet for repentance. (Acts the great Lamb of God, a sacrifice 26: 18-20.) for the sins of the world. These things were preached before But Christ having come, a high kings and they were moved by the priest of the good things to come, truth.

through the greater and more perfect For the King knoweth of these tabernacle, not made with hands-that things, before whom also 1 speak is to say, not of this creation,—-not freely; for 1 am persuaded t'hat none yet through Vhe blood of goats and of these things are hidden from him; calves, but through his own blood, tor this thing was not done in a entered in once for all into the holy corner.

place, having obtained eternal re- King Agrippa, believest thou the demption. (Hebrews 9: II, 12.) prophets? I know that thou believest.

His blood alone can save men from Then Agrippa said unto Paul, Al- sin and give Eternal life. most thou persuadest me to be a 14. THE LIGHT OF THE WORLD. Christian. (Acts 26: 26-28.) Jesus is the world Savior. He is IS. FAITH IS THE POWER OF GOD not for one nation of people, but for TO SALVATION.

all men. He is the light of the The Heavenly Gospel is for all.

world. He comes to the people of Anyone high or low may receive every nation. God's grace. It is only necessary to To open their eyes, and to turn believe in His word, for it is the them from darkness to light, and power of God.

from the power of Satan unto God, For 1 am not ashamed of the that they may receive forgiveness of Gospel of Christ: for it is the power rins, a,nd inheritance among them of God tlnto salvation to everyone which are sanctified by faith in me. that believeth; to the Jew first, and Whereupon, 0 king Agrippa, 1 also to the Greek.

was not disobedient unto the heavenly A letter from the President's Sec- vision. retary reports that the President has But shewed first unto them of read the selections and sends his Damascus, and at Jerusalem, and thanks.

~–~~– -~– CHINESE PROVERBS SELECTED BY THE REV. W. D. HUDSPETH 1. If one does not learn in youth, what fountain-be mindful of the source of your will one do when old? benefits.

2. Do not be afraid of going slowly, 9. Time flies like an arrow, days and but of standing still. months fly like a weaver's shuttle.

3. Regard righteousness as gain. 10. Wealth is as dross, righteousness is 4. Hurried men lack wisdom. worth untold gold. 5. If you do not scale the mountain you can not view the plain. 11. To rise betimes, means full iIIumin- 6. The instructor leads to the door, but ation; to rise too late, means nought but perturbation. aptitude rests with the individual. 7. Man propo~es, Heaven disposes. 12. The door of the law-courts is always 8. When you drink water think of the open, but if one only has right and has no money, one must never enter.

and Priests In Tibet *

BY MR. R. CUNNINGHAM, TAKUTANG, CHINA Missionary of the China Inland Mission { Co";"· "' lBETANS pray and pray (the highest deity in lamaistic philos- ophy) is accessible at all times and in T ~, without c.easing-by day all places. } and by night. They pray eve r y w her e, util- Tachienlu, West China is a city of izing everything mov- temples. There are eight such edifices able and immovable, in in different parts of the city, reprethis one act of devotion. The gentle senting five different sects, the most breeze waves their prayer flags in the popular being the "Ni-ma" or Red sect; air; the mountain stream revolves their the most influential the "Geluba," or Yelcumbersome prayer wheels; the sacred low sect. From early morning till late oil forever keeps alive the voice of pray- at night prayer is offered in some form er. The traveler notes the fact that the in all these temples. Assisting them in Tibetans are a praying people. The their worship they have several different roads, especially the entrance to the vil- kinds of instruments, the most conspiculages, are literally strewn with prayers; ous being the trumpet, drum, bell, and streamers hang from tree to tree and cymbal. Every Tibetan house has its house to house. In gaily different colors own private temple with a number of they flutter across the rivers. Bridges private lamas. Thus from palace, home, are literally pasted with paper prayers. and temple the voice of prayer is never Rock and cliffs are carved and chiselled silent. with the sacred inscription, "Om mani pad-me hum" ("0 Jewel in the lotus"). The priestly population may be divided One never passes a caravan without into three classeS'. First, the lama or hearing some Tibetans in it mumbling ordained priest, who has made the long their prayers. journey to Lhasa and there received The Tibetan needs no muezzin to call ordination from the Dalai Lama or some the hour of prayer; dawn finds him well other high dignitary. Second, the through the first act of devotion. If "draba," or unordained priest, who hopes the alacrity of his prayers proves any- some day to visit Lhasa; and third, the thing, it proves his willingness at least "ameho," or private lama, who has to pray. Leisurely he can utter 400 neither desire nor ambition of ever seewords a minute. Nothing but the eating ing the sacred city. Another may be of food will keep' a Tibetan from pray- added, namely, the "chang-cha-ba." This ing. No matter how stormy the elements latter is seldom met, tho there are one or may be, he still goes on repeating the two in Tachienlu. They have accumuwell-worn phrase, "Om mani pad-me lated unlimited merit and have made hum." Traveling across a grassy plateau heaven with all its joys and happiness an or over a high snow-bound pass he would absolute certainty. much rather pray than indulge in coarse banter. Every Tibetan prays and prays The lama, or ordained priest, is a repersonally; he does not leave his spiritual spectable, wealthy, well-fed, well-clad welfare in the hands of the lamas person. He spends his life almost wholly (priests). He believes that Kun-cho in the temple, accepting engagements only from the very wealthy Tibetan families. Having visited Lhasa and • From West China Missionar;,l N~w•• . been received by the Dalai Lama, or hired to carry them and to produce even "Panchen-im-bo-che," his prayers are the faintest sound requires no small more efficacious, a fact very evident from amount of breath. A number of drabas the price he charges for reading them. reading their sacred books gives added interest to the procession. But the most For one day's service he receives the conspicuous part is the carrying of the sum of one rupee (33 cents), not in- clay figures by a number of dirty, ragged clusive of food and wine. To many beggars. The dress and demeanor of wealthy families he acts as family priest, these beggars make them unable to ap- family physician, and family advisor. If preciate the religious significance of the he has great influence in a home, noth- occasion and therefore deprive it of ing is done without his permission or much of its solemnity. They are paid sanction. to carry the clay figures and other im- pedimenta of the procession, the re- When the King of Chala was in ligious interest of which is no concern trouble a number of wealthy lamas were of theirs. invited to his palace to read prayers. After the usual divining and casting of On arrival outside the North Gate the lots, it was divined that the cause of his priests form a semicircle, in the center impending calamity was due to the fact of which they place the clay figures. that many evil spirits had taken up their After some more blowing of trumpets, abode in his palace. To avert the ca- beating of gongs, and reading of prayers, lamity, the evil spirits must be removed a lama lifts the clay figures above his in the following manner : For ten days head, pronounces the doom of the evil there assembled in the large open court- spirit, then dashes them to the ground. yard of the palace a large number of A number of smalI boys, who miss the lamas, drabas, and amchos. In the cen- sacredness of the performance, rush in ter of this large assemblage were placed and pick up the head-gear and dress of anumber of small clay figures into which the figures, scrambling for the most they hoped to induce the evil spirits to coveted partS', while the priests rend the enter. To this end a number of ap- air with their guns, gongs, and trumpets. petizing dainties were placed in front This religious procession is' known in of them. At a given sign from the Chinese as song kuei, i.e., escorting the diviner a number of guns were fired, in- evil spirits. dicating that the evil spirits had taken up their abode in the figures. The as- The draba is a lesser Buddhist light semblage then formed into a long pro- than the lama, Not having made the cession and marched outside the North pilgrimage to Lhasa, he has not the Gate. power and influence Df his superior in the religious order. His services, none This religious procession is one of the the less, are very much in demand. As most interesting and truly grotesque the draba gives his humble services for sights to be seen anywhere in Tibet. the modest sum of 100 cash (six cents) The procession is over two hundred per day, he is therefore much in demand yards long and marches the whole length among poorer classes of people. Who-' of the city. The most important per- ever invites him to read prayers, feeds sons in it are several mounted lamas, him; his 100 cash he spends in wine. drest in their long monastic robes. For his night's shelter he trusts to some FolIowing the lamas are a large number friendly poor who may be in his debt for of drabas, playing various instruments prayers read but unpaid for. The draba and producing alI kinds of sounds. Two is an easy-going, good-natur~d t,,,,iul;:. priests blow tremendous trumpets ten whom nothing disturL~ aud nothiul;: per- feet long, a number of coolies being

1Jb tHE MISSIONARY REV1EW OF THE WORLD (F'ebruary

plcxes. His life motto seems' to be: flat on his body and while thus pros- "Sufficient unto the day is the evil there- trate makes a mark on the ground with of." Like every other Tibetan, his dress is his hand. He then rises, takes three quite protean and therefore very service- steps to this mark and then prostrates able. It is his wearing apparel by day, himself again. This he does every step his priestly garment when reading pray- of the way between his home and Lhasa, ers, and his bedding by night. taking three years to make the journey. To accomplish such a feat, great physical The amcho is the lowest order in the endurance is necessary. Three reasons Buddhist rank. In Tachienlu, at least, he are given for such an extraordinary pilis a most disreputable and irreformable grimage. First, to atone for some great character. In habits he is lazy and dirty; sin committed in the past; secondly, to in manners insolent and trucculent; in obtain great merit and influence as a appearance shabby and penurious. The lama; and, thirdly, to make the obtainhigh ethical teaching of Buddha, with ing of the Buddhistic heaven, with all its corresponding standard of life and its joys, an absolute certainty. thought, are things unknown to him. He has no wish beyond a single meal, and The difficulties of mission work among no desire above a bowl of wine. The Tibetan lamas are great and many. amcho is an indispensable adjunct in any Lamaism is a domestic religion. Every Tibetan home. He lights the fire; he home has its representative in the lamasweeps the floor; he' feeds the lamp. sery and every lamasery has its repre- When the "a-ya" goes out visiting, he sentative in the home. Should the lama follows her as a personal attendant. His embrace the Christian religion, he is ospeculiar care is the family gods, before tracised not only from his lamasery, whom morning and night he reads family but also from his home. Such an exprayers. He receives no pay, and only perience in a sparsely populated country eats what is set before him. like Tibet is almost inconceivable. To be a Christian and remain in a lamasery The last and perhaps most interesting is impossible. The Roman Catholic reof the Tachienlu lamastic population is ligion, after more than fifty years of a person who receives the appellation of arduou~ mission work on the Tibetan bor- "chang-cha-ba." This devotee to Lama- der, is unable to record the name of one ism performs his pilgrimage to Lhasa in lama converted to the Christian faith. a s'omewhat peculiar manner. He lies GOD CARES! DO WE?

"Forget not that your first and principal business as a disciple of Christ is to give the Gospel to those who have it not. He who is 1Iot a missionary Christian will be a missing Christian when the great day comes of bestowing the rewards of service. Therefore ask yourselves daily what the Lord would have you do in connection with the work of carrying the news of salvation to the perishing millions. Search carefully whether he would have you go yourself to the heathen, if you have the youth and fitness required for the work. Or, if you can not go in person, inquire diligently what blood mortgage there is upon your property in the interest of Foreign Missions, how much you owe to the heathen because of what you owe to Christ for redeeming you with His precious blood. I warn you that it will go hard with you, when your Lord comes to reckon with you, if He finds your wealth hoarding up in needless accumulations instead of being sacredly de- voted to giving the Gospel to the lost."-DR. A. J. GORDON.

DEI>ADTMENT ~r'~> '2ii-~-'-…. ~,,/ ":t.;.. cr~'" OF ,,'" I BEST METHODS I~ BY BELLE M. BRAIN, 38 UNION AVENUE, SCHENECTADY, N. Y.

SOME WAYS OF INCREASING MISSIONARY GIFTS m'I T is' said that at the pres-. a dollar and in order to swell the sum ent time the one thing she went from door to door offering a that hinders the progress popcorn ball and a chance on the chicken of the Kingdom is the for a dime! She realized about $34 and lack of money. This may gave it with joy, little realizing that she be questioned, but it has had operated a lottery that made her liable to arrest. Her church applauded, always been easier to get men to go than and the one woman who protested was declared too strict and out of date. to raise money to s'end them. In recent years, due largely to the More to be deplored, however, than Every Member Canvass of the Layman's Missionary Movement which lays stress the lack of money is the fact that some on systematic and proportionate giving, the methods of raising money have been of it is raised by methods that dishonor lifted to a higher plane in many churches. But there is still room for improvement. God, and that in some instances at least, In every church there should be un- tiring effort to induce people to pay are in violation of the laws of men. It is their tithes and give free-will offerings as God has prospered them. Let the humiliating to find that in New York socials and suppers be for sociability and 110t to raise money for God. State the Civic League is being called Honoring God with Our Substance upon to stop petty gambling in the Does it glorify the Ruler of the Unichurches as a means of raising funds! verse to raise money for carrying on his work by means of bazaars and "Having had numerous complaints rummage sales?

from many sections of the State," says Let us bring the question home to our- selves. Your daughter is about to be The Reform Bulletin, "in regard to de- married and you have set your heart on giving her a silver tea set as a token of nominations of the Protestant faith con- your love. But you can not manage such a costly gift in addition to the other ducting lottery schemes and raffies and expenses of the wedding. Then the bril- liant idea of raising the money by a selling chances on various articles at rummage sale comes to you. You ran- sack your attic and telephone your fairs and carnivals to raise money for church and benevolent purposes, we have been obliged to take up these matters and have them supprest by law. Gambling is gambling no matter where we find it, The Law and Order Department of the New York Civic League will suppress it promptly in either Catholic or Protestant churches when notified in time."

Those who use such methods are probably ignorant of how serious the offense is. But they ought to know better. A few days ago we heard of a woman who decided to give a chicken as a tithe to the Lord. It was worth about

friends. They come nobly to the rescue 450: $1,708. 450: $92. with articles they don't want because they love you and they love the girl. Here was an average of 21 cents instead You engage a stand in a vacant store, of $3.S0 for each woman. hold a most successful sale and buy the present. Why should a group of women in one church give $1,708 to foreign missions Do you not think that every time she and a like group in similar circumstances pours tea from the pot, your daughter in a similar church give $92? will love to reflect on the number of her friends' old clothes that were sacri- Several answers might properly be ficed to buy it? given to this query.

You would not do such a thing? Then Perhaps the church of easy-going are you willing to put God and His work mi5'sionary manners may have had poor on a lower plane than your own loved training in past years and so lost-or ones?-(Condensed from an article by never found-the habit of treating mis- Mary Grattan Stephenson in The Mis- sions generously ! Very likely other insionary Survey.) terests, such as Home and City Mis- sions, called forth a more loyal re- AN ERRATIC PROPORTION sponse. I hope so.

MARY LOUISE DANIELS, WELLESLEY, MASS. But the Up-and-Doing women looked President of the Woman's Board of Missions, Con· out for those interests too, having caught a vision of the Great Task in its round- gregational Church ness.

About three years ago I discovered in Leaders lacking enthusiasm? Dull the Up-and-Doing Church a pleasing programs at monthly meetings? It proportion between the women members might have been. and their gift to foreign missions, viz.: My own solution is this: Number of women, 450. Poor business methods had left the Annual gift to their Board, $1,70S. field largely uncultivated. Average gift from each woman, $3.S0. The financial success of a missionary Of course some members were unsym- organization is no sentimental problem pathetic or absent, and some non-mem- dependent upon some occult laws quite bers were sympathetic and generous, but different from those governing that dethiS" condition prevails everywhere. partment store or. banking house in t?e On the whole it seemed fair to use next block. It is a problem, on tts this proportion for purposes of compari- human s.ide, like theirs-a problem of son when, later on, I discovered the right approach to individuals that they Easy-Going Church. may be drawn into certain well-defined They were so suggestively alike, those relations with the object of their entertwo, in their attractive buildings, each prise. The same direct, sagacious, favorably located in a city; in their adaptable, persistent methods apply. membership, which included families of The easy-going treasurer who simply wealth and position; in their various waits to receive "dues" is' sadly out of activitieS". And, strange to say, their date. The exigences and possibilities of count of women members was practically the missionary opportunity to-day call identical! for a local treasurer who knows her Then I applied my little rule obtained Board and its needs; as well also her in the Up-and-Doing Church: own church field with its lights and shadows. 450 women: $1,708. 450 women: What! She joins efficiently with other officers in forming a definite policy for a thor- It did not fit. The proportion dwindled ough annual canvass of all the women erratically.

OF BEST METHODS

in the parish that they may be won to great deal was thrown in and with a cooperation. She studies to be tactful great deal of cheerfulness; they all re- and vivid, and chooses assistants who joiced. An invention to please people's will enter into the spirit of her task. humor may sometimes bring them to their duty. Wisdom is herein profitable I have noted this year a swelling of to direct." the fourth figure in the proportion and I wonder-I wonder what has done it. There is, no doubt, some truth in Matthew Henry's contention. New Was it an up-and-doing business methods often bring success where old policy? Did they discover in the Easy- ones fail. Nevertheless we believe that Going Church that the Every Woman the chief reason why the plan succeeded Campaign is a wonderful regulator of was that the people were not taxed but erratic proportions? cast in their free-will offerings. This is a practical plan that works as well What kind of a giver would my church be, to-day as in the days of Joash. We If every member gave just like me? have tried it more than once and have seen others try it, always with success. JOASH CHESTS A Joash Box in a Sunday-school Class Have you every tried raising money by means of a "Joash Chest?" It is a In a certain church the Woman's Scriptural. method and rarely fails. Bible Class lost its teacher and a New- comer was prevailed upon to take his When Joash was king the Temple at place. The class grew and grew until it was the largest class in the school, and Jerusalem was in need of repairs and he when the cost of the new piano was ordered the priests to collect money from divided among the classes, its apporthe people and prosecute the work with- tionment was $20. out delay. But the money came in slowly and the repairs were not made. It seemed a large sum, but the class Then, at the king's command, "Jehoida agreed to pay it, and began discussing the priest took a chest, and bored a hole ways and means. Fairs, foO( sales, lecin the lid of it, and set it beside the tures, concerts, pay socials-aU were altar, on the right hand as one cometh suggested, for this church believed in into the house of the Lord" (2 Kings raising money in such ways. But the 12: 9). Newcomer did not and longed to lead them into better things. She suggested The new plan succeeded at once. a "Joash Box," but no one had ever These gifts were to be over and above heard of such a thing. She told the the regular offerings for the Temple story as given in 2 Kings, and at last service, yet the money poured in. There they consented to try it. But they eviwas soon enough and to spare. Not only dently did not expect it to succeed and was the temple repaired, its furnishings the officers of the school were dubious were replenished also. about it.

Matthew Henry suggests that the new The next Sunday a little box was plan succeeded because of its novelty. brought to the class with a slit in the lid and the members were invited to put "When Joash found that the money did into it from Sunday to Sunday what- ever they wished to give to the fund. not come in as he expected one way, he The Sunday following one of the memtried another," he says, "and that an- bers brought a beautiful Japanese trickswered the intention. The throwing of box and asked if it could be used inmoney into a chest, through a hole in the lid of it, was a way that had not been used before, and perhaps the very novelty of the thing made it a successful expedient for the raising of money j a

stead of the plain little box. It had a needed, will be forthcoming when God slit in the top and no one could open it is depended upon to supply them. but her son-in-law. So the money was transferred to it and so much interest More than one mission board has filled was aroused that the Newcomer thanked its empty treasuries through prayer, but God and took courage. Every Sunday not all missionary workers realize that in the opening prayer she asked God to this is a method that works as well in send them the required sum, but no one small organizations as in large ones. If was' urged to give a penny. any society wants more money for mis- sions. they may have it for the asking. When at last the day came for pay- But they must meet the conditions and ing the assessments, the officers of the pay the price of prayer. school were invited to witness the opening of the box and count the money. Some years ago a Young People's The Young Man Who Knew How came, Missionary Society in Ohio undertook to too, and it was an exciting moment when assist one of their members to prepare he released a spring, pulled out a secret himself for medical missionary work. drawer and poured the contents into a The sum required was about $1,100, paybasket. There were s'everal doIlar bills, able during three years. coins of all denominations, and one tendollar gold piece. The whole amounted It was a large sum for them to raise to $33.34, $13.34 more than had been in addition to their regular contribution. asked for! The class could hardly be- But they were rich in faith and decided lieve it, and the officers were amazed, to raise it through prayer. A'little paper but the Newcomer simply said, HI told was issued monthly containing general you how it would be," and asked the missionary information and stating the superintendent to lead in a prayer of needs of the special fund with a list of thanksgiving. the subscriptions made during the month.

The gold piece was a great surprize. No appeals' for funds were made, nor Who could have given it? Popular were they needed. Whenever a payopinion gave the credit to the best-drest ment was due, if there was not enough woman in the class. But the Newcomer in the treasury to meet it, the little inner (tho n0 one else) knew that it came prayer circle of the society met with the from a modestly drest young woman president and asked God to supply it. who, like herself, did not believe in fairs Not once did He fail them. The amount and festivals, and gave so quietly that needed (and often more) always came no one guessed how much she was in in time, sometimes from the most unthe habit of giving. usual and unexpected sources. It was a great experience for the young people, ' There are always such surprizes in and their faith was greatly strengthened. store for those who trust God in raising money. He is "able to do exceeding SPELLING MISSIONS abundantly above all that we ask or think." What does m-i-s-s-i-o-n-s spell in your church? RAISING MONEY THROUGH PRAYER In many a church it speIJs money, for The great enterprises that have been the people never hear anything about conducted entirely along faith lines, such the work save in connection with the as the China Inland Mission and the contribution-box. Muller Orphanages' at Bristol, England, show that the necessary funds for Chris- This is a serious mistake, The finantian work, even when vast sums are cial side should never be pushed until the foundations of a deep and abiding interest have been laid.

OF BEST METHODS

THE TALENT PLAN advanced, individually or jointly, by members who wish to render this ser- REV. EGBERT W. SMITH, NASHVILLE, TENN. vice.

Secretary of the Executive Committee of Foreign Why? Missions, Southern Presbyterian Church 1. It is a thoroughly scriptural plan. 2. It solicits no money, imposes no In 1913 the Southern Presbyterian extra canvass or subscription, and inter- Church paid off a large Foreign Mis- feres with no regular contributions. sion debt. One of the most effective 3. Instead of sol iciting, it offers a talmethods employed for this purpose, a ent for Christian service "to everyone" method approved by the Assembly's (Matt. 25 :15), enabling the poorest to Executive Committee of Foreign Mis- join in work for Christ on equal terms sions, and widely used throughout the with others. Church, was the Talent Plan. Scores of 4. It is an object-lesson in Christian societies, Sunday-schools and churches stewardship. It says: Just as this talent broke all their previous' contribution is not yours, but is entrusted to you to be records by the use of this plan. used for Christ; so nothing that you have is yours, all is entrusted to you by An ex-moderator of the Assembly and God to be used in His service. pastor of one of our largest city churches wrote: 5, It is pre-eminently suited to that largest class of every ordinary congre- "In the twenty-one years of my pres- gation, the men and women and 'young ent pastorate I have never advocated a people who have little or no ready plan which worked so smoothly and money, but some unemployed time and pleasantly, which brought forth as satis- energy. Furnishing them a little capital factory results, and which I can as con- to start with, it invites them to become fidently and heartily commend as I do successful workers and liberal givers'. the Talent Plan." 6. It is a wonderfully fruitful plan. A few quotations and answers will explain the plan to thOS"e not familiar with For Example it. In the case of the original Talent- users (lVIatt. 25: 14) the increase was Whence? From the illustrative teaching of our n 87 per cent., tho one of the three was a Lord Himself. "And He called ten servants of his, "wicked and slothful servant." and gave them ten pounds, and said unto In the case of the Pound-users (Luke them, Trade ye herewith till I Come." 19: 13), the increase was 500 per cent., Luke 19: 12 (R.V.) tho one of the three was an unprofit- able servant. What? The putting into practise of the Par- A pastor borrowed 50 silver dollars ables of the Talents and the Pounds from a bank. Fifty of his members took (Matt. 25:14-30; Luke 19:12-26) by dis- one each to invest and trade with for tributing sums of money among as many Christ. At the Report Meeting four as will accept them, to invest, trade with, months later $600 was brought in, out and increase, for Christ. of which the pastor paid back the loan Dollars are suggested as suitable tal- plus one dollar interest, leaving $549 ents for the congregation, quarters for net gain, an elevenfold increase. the Sunday-school, and dollars, halves, or quarters, as preferred, for the church- A Sunday-school superintendent ofsocieties. fered five-cent pieces (quarters would have been much better) to his pupils to How? increase for Christ. At the Round Up The talents for distribution may be Rally a few months later 116 pieces came borrowed from bank at regular interest by some responsible person, or may be

back with $109.37 in addition, an eigh- A Mission Farm given by a member teen fold increase. who had gone to the field.

A class of girls, starting with 25 cents A Missionary Ship to carry their mis- of talent money, in six weeks made sionaries to Africa. $13.00, a fifty-twofold increase. In Africa- A good lady invested her one dollar 40,000 acres of land entirely paid for. talent in calico, made aprons, and re- 8 Mission Stations equipped with turned her talent increased tenfold. workshops and dwelling houses. 100 of their members at work as mis- Another, seventy years old, invested sionaries or colonists. her dollar in bulbs, nursed them into 45 converts won from South African flowering plants, and returned her talent tribes. increased fifteenfold. These extensive operations had called for lots of money and neither pastor A youthful member invested his much nor people were rich in anything but smaller talent in a board of rich pine, faith. They gave without stint, some made it into bundles of fagots, rein- casting in literally all that they had. vested, "was diligent in business," and Yet they could not give more than a frac- returned his talent increased 260-fold. tion of the whole. But God, who was manifestly directing the enterprise, sent The field for consecrated enterprise it in answer to prayer. Pastor Harms and ingenuity is boundless. disliked beggars, religious and other- wise, and from the first determined that REFLEX BLESSING IN GIVING no one save God should be appealed to Nowhere in missionary history, per- for money; The needs of the enterprise haps, is the reflex influence of giving to were not even published, yet money mISSIOns so strongly shown as in the poured in from all parts of the world story of Pastor Harms of Hermanns- at the right time and in the right meas" burg.* ttre. In 1849, shortly after he succeeded The financial record of the mission has his father as pastor. at Hermannsburg, been called a "spiritual study in statis· about 50 miles from Hamburg, a great tics." The expenses varied from year revival broke out in the parish and as to year; so did the income in almost an outlet for the spirit of self-sacrifice exact proportion. In one year Africa and devotion that had been kindled, he needed 7,000 crowns, in another 21,000. urged his people to undertake a mission The ship cost 19,000 crowns in one year, to the heathen. So marvelously was the printing-house 3,600 in another. Yet this undertaking blest that eleven years each year closed with a balance. At no later this one congregation of German time was there a deficit. The following yeomen and peasants was able to report table shows, how closely the supply tallied the following items as the result of their with the need. activities: In the Homeland- Year Income E.<rpendlture Balance A Mission House occupied by 45 of crowns crowns crowns their members preparing for missionary work. 1854 15,000 14,950 50 A Refuge Farm for ex-convicts with 20 occupants. 1855 9,722 9,642"" 80 A Printing-house equipped with presses. 1856 14,978 14,878 100 A Miss·ionary Magazine that paid its own way. 1857 14,796 14,781 IS 'See "A Record of Fifty Years: The Story of 1858 31,133 30,993 140 Pastor Ha~s of Hermannsburg," THE M]SSION- ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, July, 1899. 1859 33,065 30,432 .2,633 Many a church stands aloof from mis-

OF BEST METHODS

sionary work because of a mistaken idea sions been largely increased and great that giving to missions will empty the interest in missions been developed, but treasury. But in Hermannsburg it the local work of the church has reworked the other way. There was no ceived a great impetus. It all depends lack of money for local work and such on the way it is handled. a blessing was poured out that there was not, literally, enough room to re- Through the courtesy of Mr. J. D. ceive it. The church was so crowded that strangers were obliged to go an Templeton, of Bloomington, III., secrehour before service if they wanted a tary of the Missionary Committee of the seat and during the 17 years of Loui& Illinois State Sunday-school Association, Harms' pastorate there a continuous re- we have received a little folder designed vival, with 10,000 conversions. And after by himself which seems almost ideal for his death the good work went on. At putting a church in touch with its special the jubilee in 1899 it was reported that field and securing gifts and prayers. Mr. the total contributions for the SO years Templeton's church, the Second Presbyamounted to $2,141,657.39. terian, gives on the station plan, i. e., it contributes $1,000 a year toward the THE KEY IN THE POCKET work in the Etah District, India, where the Presbyterian Board alone is at work. Ministers, laymen, yea, and women This amount is raised jointly by the too, often cry aloud in meetings for church, the woman's and young people's prayer, for God to open the windows of societies and the Sunday-school and it heaven and pour out His promised bles- was believed that much more could be sings until there will not be room done if the specific needs of the district enough to receive them. Yet all the were set definitely before the people. Ac- while they have in their pockets the cordingly, early in 1914, a list was pre- only key that can open the windows- pared with the assistance of Mr. and the tithe of their incomes-and they Mrs. A. G. McGaw, missionaries at Etah, refuse to use it. Read Malachi 3: 10. who were at home on furlough. -Mrs. Mary Clokey Porter.

SPECIFIC GIVING Then the little six-page folder was Paying the salary of a missionary or printed and widely distributed. It is a taking a share in a station has increased model of conciseness. Tho only 6 by the giving in many churches. But it 10 inches, it contains two mapsl a group is not a patent contrivance that runs it- picture of Mr. and Mrs. McGaw and self without effort. We know person- their children, the list of things needed ally of two churches, widely separated and much interesting information about as to locality where it has proved a the district and its missionary equiphindrance instead of a help. The spe- ment. The smaller map with its squares cific work undertaken was almost never and dots and circles is an inspiration in mentioned in the pulpit even in prayer itself. and no systematic effort was made to secure the necessary funds. Each year The two squares represent the Misthere was a deficit made up by the few who were interested. In both churches the plan w:s regarded as a dismal failure and it certainly seemed to be. But in countless churches all over the country it has worked the other way. Not only have the contributions for mis-

sion's Stations; the ten circles the vil- The list of needs is suited to all purses. lages where Indian preachers are lo- It ranges all the way from a girls' school cated; the six hundred dots the villages building at $1,000 and an automobile at in which there are Christians. In fifty $650 to 20 native drums for the n·ative of these there are Indian teachers but churches in only four. There are also teachers at 75 cents apiece. There are nine hundred villages not shown on the map which have neither churches, also things such as picture cards and preachers, teachers, nor Christians. remnants of bright cloth that cost noth- ing but the small amount of postage necessary to send them.

Your Monument-What Shall It Be?

A Lonely Shaft of Stone A Working, Growing, Soul-saving Proclaiming that or Institution You are DEAD MEMORIAL BIBLE SCHOOL IN KOREA "To live in hearts we leave behind Is not to DIE." -Adapted from The Missionary Survey.

WHAT ONE DAY'S INCOME WILL DO $1 will support a hospital bed in China or India for a week. $2 will support a hospital bed in Alaska or Syria for a week. $3 will support two boys or girls for a week in a mission boarding-school. $10 will support a native worker for a month in the mission field. $25 will pay a month's salary of two ordained native pastors in China or Korea or India. $50 will pay for a Bible woman for a year or will support a mission launch for a month. $75 will pay the running expenses of a mission day-school for a year. $100 will support a missionary for a month or will pay for the training of a native Christian worker for a year. Can you do better with one day's income? BRITISH AND GERMAN MISSIONS printed in reference to German responsi- bility in the Armenian atrocities, their THE position of the MISSIONARY RE- conduct in Belgium and elsewhere. We VIEW OF THE WORLD in reference to the have also been called to account by Britpresent devastating world-war continues ish friends for articles on "The Sufferto be misunderstood by some of our read- ing of German Missions and Missioners-both British and German sympa- aries" in our January number. Most of thizers The REVIEW is an independent the facts in that article came Jrom a missionary magazine concerned wholly source which we have every reason to with the proclamation and interpretation. count as trustworthy. The writer did of the Gospel of Jesus Christ to the not pretend to give a dispassionate and whole world. The editors may have their complete treatment of the charges made private opinions concerning political, so- against British and German forces in cial, and economic conditions and prob- the mission fields or to offer defense in lems, but it is not our purpose to ex- their behalf. He did undertake to show, press these opinions in the REVIEW, or to from statements that he considered invite others to express them, except so trustworthy, the suffering-the inevitable far as they vitally relate to the religious and unavoidable suffering-experienced and spiritual condition of the world and by German missionaries and missions in the progress of Christian missions. British territory. It is a natural result of such a war, but much of this suffering The REYIEW seeks to know and pub- should call forth sympathy and prayer lish facts and to interpret them in their from all Christian people. relation to Christianity. For this reason we think it right and helpful to publish Some of the statements made in Dr. facts relating to the present war, both as Hahn's article have been denied by the they are furnished by British and by British authorities in official correspon- German writers. This enables our read- dence. Other statements have been modiers to hear what each side believes to be fied or interpreted to exonerate the Britthe truth, altho, with the strict censor- ish commanders from accusations of unship enforced by British, German, and necessary harshness. The exact and full Turkish authorities, and the disagree- facts are exceedingly difficult to ascerment in reports, it is difficult at present tain and-during the rule of censorshipto know the truth and to interpret it. agreement as to statements may be im- Many charges have been made to us, possible. For example: The British auboth by friends of the A1!ies and of the thorities deny statements made by Pastor Central Powers, concerning atrocities, Y. Stark and Rev. A. Orthner concerncruelties, and illegal acts, but the REVIEW ing the treatment of German and Ameriis not the place to discuss them. It is, can missionaries in the Cameroons. The however, the place to consider the influ- Acting Governor of the Gold Coast anti ence of the war on Christian missions, the British Maj or-General C. M. Dobell both at home and abroad. both declare the charges of cruel treat- ment to be groundless and the statements Correspondents have recently made very strong objections to statements false or greatly exaggerated, and evi- are adepts in their art and depend on dence is submitted. Some of the hard- their personalities and eloquence rather ships experienced by Germans in Africa than on real facts to make the appeal. and India are declared to be due to their The result is that a native of India, warlike attitude and their complicity in or Persia, or ~ew Zealand or an indemilitary movements against the British. pendent and undependable worker in some mission field will collect thousands It is true that British missionaries have of dollars, while somewhat prosaic but endured much inconvenience and suffer- self-sacrificing and efficient missioning in German possession>, and that Ger- aries are turned away. mans have suffered in British territory. Often those innocent of hostile acts have A case in point has· recently come suffered because of the complicity of to our attention. A correspondent others. Such an experience seems to be wrote to the editor to inquire about a inevitable. At the same time, as stated in woman from India, by the name of our January number, British missionaries Mrs. Bannerjee, who was winning many have been most considerate of their Ger- influential friends by her fascinating man brethern and many have endeavored, personality and pathetic stories conoften at much personal sacrifice, to les- cerning her home for child-widows. sen the hardship due to internment and She was being introduced by some of deportation and the loss resulting to mis- the leading ladies of the land, and was sionary work. being entertained within their homes and churches. Noone seemed to think Let us be as charitable and patient as of investigating her, in spite of the possible, and pray God that His cause absence of credentials. We wrote to may soon triumph. May He make us the mission boards and societies withto recognize the truth and to manifest out definite result, but received from the Spirit of Christ. India letters from the secretary of the Baptist Missionary Society in Cal- I BEWARE OF IMPOSTORS cutta and from a leading barrister in T sometimes seems that it is easier the same city, stating that "Mrs. Ban- for an impostor to get money from nerjee's real name is Hemanto Ghose. American givers than it is to secure She is not a child-widow and many money for worthy objects. The cause of her stories are fables . . . she is is not far to seek. Many American thoroughly dishonest and more than givers are generous-hearted, and are that she is a practised thief … she strongly appealed to by pathetic tales of has no 'home' for widows or for any suffering or by stirring accounts of one. Mrs. B– left the Nazarene spiritual awakenings. These givers are Mission in April, 1914, after an inquiry exceedingly busy and have not the held by Rev. H. Reynolds, the secretary. time for personal investigations nor The charge against her was adultery the knowledge of reliable sources of . . . the charge was proved and she information. The impostors who stir left . . . Please make any use of this their interest are not limited to truth letter you like. I am not afraid of a in the pictures they draw and the suit for libel, as all this has been made stories they tell, therefore, they can public." draw on their imaginations to an unlimited extent in order to make the Haec tabula docet. desired impression. The story-tellers

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AflY S CHINA Kansu-stated in order of their need- are largely unoccupied, and offer exten- City Evangelization in China sive spheres for missions wishing to un- dertake work in a new field in China. THE Presbyterian Board is proposing Smaller unoccupied and unevangelized to put into effect a city evangeliza- areas are found in the southwest of Hupeh; in the northeast, northwest, and tion plan in the province of Shantung, southeast of Kiangsi; in portions of Anby which a well qualified Chinese with hwei; in the west of Honan; in northern Shensi; and among the tribes in the exa couple of suitable helpers is to be treme west and southwest of Szechwan.

placed in entire charge of the work in In the outlying territories: Mongolia is a difficult field. A few missionaries each city chosen. One of the native are working among the Chinese immi- grants, and two or three men are devotpastors comments as follows on the ad- ing themselves to the Mongols, but with the exception of the one representative vantages of the plan: • of the British and Foreign Bible Society, the entire region of Outer Mongolia and "Since the evangelist goes around the the greater part of Inner Mongolia are without missionaries. country having no fixt station, he can Chinese Turkestan also presents exnot live together with the people, and can ceptional difficulties, and demands on the part of workers-special physique and not 'shine' before them. By and by the ltnguistic gifts. The territory is vast and the popUlation sparse. Only three cenordinary people come to think that Chris- ters are occupied, and two of these are in the extreme west. The province of tianity is a special occupation. Since Sinkiang has only one missionary. Five or six missions have for years been they have grown up as farmers or car- working both on the Indian and on the Chinese frontiers, waiting for the openpenters, they are ,not willing to change ing of Tibet.

and become Christians. When a well- M The New Peking educated man sees· an evangelist he feels ANY formS' of civic betterment have toward him much the same as he would been promoted in Peking within the toward a Buddhist priest. The best way past few years. A decade ago there were of preaching that can be used at present, not more than two miles of macadamized is to have a fixt station in a city or big road in all the city. To-day there are town, in which the evangelist lives with a great many miles of macadam streets the people for several years, helping the both broad and narrow. Then the ironpeople in the country around, with every tire9 'ricksha was the chief means of possible means such as teaching the common people, curing the sick, and helping them in other ways."

Unoc:c:upied Territory in China IN the absence of a scientific survey of the whole of China, it is not pos- sible to give exact information as to the occupation of the entire field. While coast cities and districts easily accessible by river or rail, are for the most part occupied, the same can not be said of the less accessible regions. The provinces of Yunnan, Kwangsi, Kweichow, and

conveyance. The old-time Peking cart Blessing of Unbound Feet shook the rider almost out of his senses. Now the rubber-tired 'ricksha and the A GIRL in a mission school in China automobile are everywhere used. Rail- when she came in the fall, made the ways have been crowding into the city journey of 60 English miles on foot these past ten years. rather than let her father, who is poor, hire a wheelbarrow for her. She told In addition to all this, the gospel of her father that owing to God's goodness cleanliness' is being practised to a most her feet had never been bound, and con-, gratifying degree. A decade ago the sequently she was quite able to walk.- capital was almost too filthy to be Missions. described. Faithful Christians in Hain~;;' ~~ Recently the government has opened a new isolation hospital with five public TWO years ago in a village in Haiand several private wards. This makes nan there was not a Christian; now it possible to care for five different con- everyone in the village is a believer in tagious diseases at a time. Christ. They built their church with their own hands out of the material A Chinese Chriatian Diplomat found on the mountain side. The sides of the chapel are made of bamboo poles ANOTHER of the Chinese men in dip- covered with red clay. The roof is made lomatic service who are earnest Chris- of bamboo poles covered with fan palms. tians, is the First Secretary of the Chin- The inside walls are covered with Bible ese Legation in London, Mr. Y. S. Tsao. pictures and Scripture texts. The chapel In speaking at the annual meeting of the is filled every night with faithful follow- British and Foreign Bible Society, he ers of Christ. It is not an easy thing said: "I read the Bible for the first time to be a worshiper of the True God in at my mother's knee. Then twenty-two Hainan, for the Christians are scolded times at St. John's College, Shanghai, and reviled by their relatives and fellowand later in America with the Chinese villagers; all sorts of fiLthy abuse is heapstudents there."- Record of Christian ed upon them, they are frequently robbed Work. of their crops and often threatened with being driven out of the village. The Shanghai Press and the War In one of the schools is a Christian THE Shanghai Mission Press reports woman, who has been brutally treated by that its output of literature for the her husband. She has a little boy six year has fallen off considerably, due to years of age, who at Chinese New Year, the war, which has raised the price of when his father forced him to his knees paper. Supplies from Scandinavia were to worship the ancestors, refused, whereheld up for many months,' while other upon his father struck him in the face paper ordered more than a year before making it black and blue. did not get through at all. The mission press has felt its greatest loss in Scrip- Much prayer has been offered for the ture printing, issuing only 11,706,000 persecuted Christians, and thus far all pages, as against 54,530,000 of the pre- have stood firm. ceding year. Among Chinese Moslems Work comes to the Shanghai Press from Chile to Siam, varying from new 'THE death of William W. Borden, characters for an aboriginal tribe to complicated medical and educational called the attention of the Christians books which require the judgment of an of America to the need of the Mohamexperienced foreigner. medan popUlation of China, for whom little has been done. Mr. F. H. Rhodes, of Chefoo, now reports in China's Mil-

16 ] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY 'NEWS

liolls certain signs of progress among Japan was the second or third country these people. to inaugurate a regular student Chris- "Requests from individual Moslems, tian conference, but has not had a per- asking for Christian literature, have manent meeting place. Now, however, come to hand from six provinces. The every traveler who rides in the express writers are personally unknown, their from Tokyo to Kyoto will notice, a mile correspondence is of recent date, and and a half from Gotemba station, two their appeal is heart-searching. structures which will become "the Japa- "Chinese converts from Islam are wit- nese Northfield." The buildings are lo- nessing to Christ among their own peo- cated on three acres of land near a pond ple. We know of at least six such na- 1,600 feet above the sea in one of the tive workers. One of these men-whose most accessible yet picturesque spots in ancestry for several generations were the Empire. The total outlay to date is well-known Mohammedans-himself at 12,400 Yen ($6,200) of which the citi- one time a student for the position of zens of Califo.rnia have given over one- mullah, spent some time last summer third. Conference buildings were used in visiting neighboring Mohammedan for the first time last summer and one centers and gaining access to several of the striking features of the assembly mosques. The Christian books and tracts was the attendance of seven delegates he carried with him were gladly received, from Korea, their first participation and the assembled mullahs and students since the Korean Movement became af- heard the word of Christ. filiated with the National Movement of "The Chinese ChU1:ch needs a baptism Japan.-The Student World.

of love to prepare it for the great work Phenomenal Christian Growth waiting among the Mohammedans." TRE average percentage of growth JAPAN-KOREA of membership in Korean Christian A Imperial Honors for Christians churches has been 38 per cent. for each T the recent Coronation of the Em- of the past thirteen years. In America peror of Japan, among other honors the growth has been less than 5 per conferred, decorations were given to cent. The reason is not far to find.

several prominent Christians, whose To the Korean the Gospel of Good work was so conspicuously of a religious News means everything. It has broken and Christian character that the honors the bondage of superstition, custom are, in effect, a recognition of its value. and tradition, and has brought him into Among these were the Rev. Dr. Motoda, a place where his outlook upon the headmaster of St. Paul's College, Tokyo, future is made glad and bright. In view and Miss Ume Tsuda, a devoted Chris- of this new joy there has grown up in tian who ,conducts a fine school for his heart a compelling impulse to tell girls which has a strong influence in others of it, and through personal work aiding the Christianizing of Japan. new Christians are born into the king- This is the first instance in the history dom of God.

of the Empire where such recognition DR. Education in Chosen has been given from the throne. JOKICRI T AKAMINE, direc- tor of a Japanese publicity bureau . The Japanese Northfield HEREAFTER, Mount Fuji, the in New York, explains that Japan's de- Shinto goddess, will look down up- termination to suppress religious schools on something' new and strange'-the in Korea is simply part of a plan to "co- buildings' for a Christian conference ordinate the school system of Chosen nestling in the hills at her very base. with the prevailing system in Japan

proper. Carl Crow, a journalist who Jiever was heard to say to another: "I has traveled in the Orient, publishes a re- bought one of those Gospels and read joinder to show that in "Japan proper" it and I tell you that man Jesus was a the public school system leaves undis- rare gentleman."

turbed room for mission schools teach- One of the theological students, when ing Christianity. If the Chosen system asked how he came to believe, replied: were developed on a corresponding "I was a drunken goldminer in a marketbasis, there would be no need to inter- place 30 miles from here and saw a man fere with missionary education there. distributing leaflets. I was ashamed to Mr. Crow says: "The Japanese have not go up and ask for one, so I slipt in yet established in Korea a school for behind the crowd, stuck my hand out Koreans which is equal to a good high under another man's arm and took one.

school in America. There are many It was on Judgment in this Life and to of these schools maintained by American Come.

missions, and they see each year an in- "When I reached home I read it to crease in attendance." . my wife and she said: 'That's good, read A Convention for the BUnd and Deaf it again.' At the bottom of the leaflet it said: 'If you want to know more I N Pyeng Yang, a few months ago, about this go to Chung J u, see the mis- there was held the first meeting .in the sionaries and buy some books.' I came Orient in the interest of education for here, bought tracts, took them home, the blind and deaf of the Far East. studied, thought and repented till I saw Delegates were present from China, the light and found peace." Japan, Manchuria, and different parts of Korea. Special tributes were paid Moody's Sermon in a Korean Prison by the Japanese officials to the work for the blind which Dr. Sherwood Hall, A SERMON by D. L. Moody transthe American woman physician, has car- lated into Chinese characters, ried on in Pyeng Yang since 1894. Mr. brought light to a Korean official in Yamagata, editor of the Seoul Press, in- prison. Dr. James S. Gale writes: "My terpreted the significance of the gather- friend Kim, who waS" chief of police ing in the following words: in Seoul, came to call, and I lent him a New Testament, which he returned in "When nations are at war with each a few days, saying, 'It's good. Walking other in civilized Europe, is it not provi- on the water and such like I don't bedential that this convention, with phil- lieve in, but the moral tone of it is anthropic purposes, should have been, certainly good.' This was in 1899. as it was, convened in this far-off corner Later I heard that he had fallen under of the world? It seems that the angel suspicion as a reformer, been arrested of love and civilization has bidden good- and locked up in prison. by to Europe for a while, and come to Chosen (Korea) to bless the blind and "In 1903 there came to me from Kim the deaf of the Far East I" a little closely packed Korean letter, hardly bigger than a thimble, which S Fruits of Colportage Work said 'I have found what you told me IX colporteurs at work in the Chung of years ago, thank God.' Later, at J u district, Korea, are selling Gos- the opening of the Japan-Russia War pels at the tate of 1,200 a month, and Kim's prison opened and he and his with the aid of other Christians, are dis- comrades were free. He told me of tributing tens of thousands of leaflets his experience. 'In my agony, not every year. Many incidents prove the knowing what day my turn would be to value of this seed-sowing. One unbe- be beheaded, I read the New Testament

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

through four times, but found 110 relief. compound in Bombay and which the Finally, one night, as I was reading a Diocesan Association has generously sermon by Mr. Moody, printed in assisted with funds. The Bishop says: Chinese, a great light and joy broke in "Since November, 1913, 25 persons upon me. My heart sang while my (23 high-caste Hindus and two Mohameyes overflowed with tears. God had medans) inmates of the home, have forgiven and accepted me, and my soul been baptized. There have been some had found rest.''' mistakes and (at least temporary) fail- ures. Ten of the baptized were Brah- INDIA mans, and all those have remained firm. Four of them insist on becoming Influence of Outcaste Christiana evangelists to their own countrymen. Some of the converts are old pupils of THAT Christianity has been accepted the Robert Money school, the great by the Indian outcastes in such large high-school for boys in Bombay." numbers has seemed to some a serious obstacle to its spread among the upper D German Missionaries in India castes, who have sometimes referred to R. WARDLAW THOMPSON, it scornfully as "the sweepers' reli- Secretary of the London Mis'siongion." On the other hand the trans- ary Society, clearly shows that many forming power of the Gospel in the German missionaries under British rule lives of these degraded people has in India are living in strict loyalty to proved a striking argument which the British Government, and are enthoughtful Indians have not been able couraging their people to do likewise. to resist. Rev. A. W. Moore reports "Such intelligence," says the London an instance of this: Christian, "may well serve to soften the asperity of many people toward "A young man of the KoIi caste their fellow-workers for God. In time walked miles to the missionary to ask of war the tendency is to be unjust tofor baptism. He was put through a ward the enemy, and to blacken all rigorous questioning as to his motives, without discrimination. Such a policy and he seemed to have no improper is very small, and it tends to defeat ones. 'Where did you hear of Christ?' itself. The German missionaries have he was asked. 'From the bhangis accomplished great things, and when (sweepers) of my village,' was the the war is over they will again do simple answer. He was baptized. great good. The work of healing the awful wounds made by the war will "We believe that the quickest way to fall largely to the Christian Church. evangelize the whole of India is to It is necessary, therefore, that even concentrate our efforts upon these now the preparation should begin, and people given to God, who have taken it will be best begun by the encouragethe name of Christ. Through them it ment of the spirit of Christian love. will spread in a natural way to others. There will be plenty of folk, both in It is the genius of Christianity to work England and Germany, who will seek its way from the bottom upward. Pray to nourish the spirit of revenge and much that thes'e people may make rapid bitterness. The Christian people, howprogress in the knowledge of God, and ever, must show a more excellent way; in the obeying of His will." and they can begin by cherishing kind feelings toward their brethren iu I What a Converts' Home Did Christ, many of whom, no more than N a letter dated June 5th to the mem- themselves, desired this awful struggle." bers of the Bombay Diocesan Association, the Bishop of Bombay refers to the Converts' Home which Canon Joshi has established in his house and

S.P.G. Appeals for German Missions gation, and prayer by the church was 'ONE of the most striking illustra- offered for all who were thus giving tions of Christian brotherhood the Sabbath to work. Later in the brought 01,1t by the present war has afternoon the women of the church met been the offer of the British Bishop of in prayer, and in the evening the men Chota Nagpur to do his utmost to held by themselves their prayer meet- carryon the work of the Lutheran ing. Dr. Dunlay has a unique training missionaries, who, by government order class for Christian workers. Some six in August last, were interned or de- men meet with him very early in the ported for the remainder of the war. morning and study the Scriptures two Bishop Montgomery has now appealed or three hours. They are then sent through the Church papers for eight directly with the message they have clergy to go out immediately, his so- learned out to the different houses and ciety, the Society for the Propagation of districts, wherever they have an en- the Gospel, generously offering to pay all trance."-The Continent.

expenses. The need, as he says, is one DR. Hospital Patients Baptized of extreme urgency, but is thought MASON, of Siam, tells of an likely to be only for the duration of the interesting service in the Chieng war. Any who have a knowledge of Mai Hospital, when 13 out of 33 pa- Hindi would, of course, be doubly wel- tients were baptized and received into come. A Mission Field editorial note the church. They received instructions points out that the missionaries to be daily from the evangelist employed at sent by the Society for the Propagation the hospital. A paralyzed patient who of the Gospel will be entirely under the has been a Christian for many years, control of the bishop of the diocese, has also led many to Christ and teaches who will be responsible for the atti- the patients to read, write, sing, and tude and policy which they will adopt pray. He has been unable to rise from toward the Indian Christians belonging his bed for 18 months. But his good to the German missions. work goes on just the same. At this SIAM AND THE LAOS service 63 persons were present, some A Christian Sabbath in Siam carried on stretchers, some limping in, and one on all fours. MISS EDNA COLE, of Bangkok, MOSLEMS IN ASIA gives the following account of the activities of one Sunday in Tap Teang Under Arrest in Turkish Arabia station, Siam: "Sunday we spent nearly ON the declaration of war, Dr. F.

three hours in a little palm-leaf church, Johnson, Church Missionary So- with its earthen floor and uncomfort- ciety missionary at Baghdad, was im- able benches, listening to one quarter's prisoned in a Turkish jail, and sub- review of the Sunday-school lessons sequently he and Mrs. Johnson, another conducted by men who had not been lady missionary, and two Indians, Brit- Christians many years. The whole ish subjects, were conveyed out of the church there is the Sunday-school. country as prisoners'. After numerous Everyone takes part, asks and answers adventures, both painful and humorous, questions. I have never been in a the party reached Beirut, whence Dr.

more satisfactory Sunday-school in any Johnson writes: "For six hours I was part of the world. Several members kept in the police-station in Beirut, but of the church were away in different finally, through the intervention of the neighborhoods holding Christian serv- American Consul-General, I was per- ices wherever they could get a congre- mitted to go to the hotel, and we finally

WORtD-W!DE MISSIONARY

embarked on an Italian steamer for sian schools. Threats had been made Alexandria. With few exceptions, the that an old statute, practically obsolete, treatment we received at the hands of would be enforced against the schools' the Turkish officials during our journey rule of compulsory attendance at was not discreditable to them, con- chapel and Bible study, and further sidering the times through which the threats were made that the government Empire is passing." might compel all teaching to be con- ducted in the Turkish tongue. These With the Troops in Mesopotami~ two restrictions, the missionaries re[ll- ized, would practically stop the work at REV. LEONARD A. DIXON, a Beirut. Through Mr. Morgenthau's in- Canadian, who has for several years fluence, the Turkish government per- mitted American schools to open under been connected with the Y. M. C. A. in certain conditions. In spite of these con- cessions, however, further difficulties India, is now engaged in work for the are feared. Whether or not newer and more strenuous demands may be made by British troops in Mesopotamia. He Turkey at any moment can not now be forecasted. The Presbyterian Board writes: "The terrific heat, the desert feels that if it can hold its mission prop- erty in Syria and elsewhere throughout marches, the swamp fighting, and the the Turkish empire, in spite of govern- mental aggressions, it will be doing difficulties of transport, which make well.

short rations occasionally unavoidable, Turkish Educational Laws Modified have been some of the obstacles with THE new Turkish educational laws which were issued when the Capituwhich the men in France have not had lations were abrogated have been re- cognized as likely to prove a very to contend, but which have been only serious hindrance to the work which mISSIOnaries are carrying on in the too real here. Furthermore, these hard- Turkish Empire. This is particularly true of those which have to do with ships have not been offset by the social the compulsory teaching of the Turk- ish language and the teaching of reagencies at work at the bases as in ligion. In an effort to secure some modification of these restrictions, repre- France. ' sentatives of missionary work have been to Constantinople and have been "'Y. M. C. A.' has proved to be a granted a hearing by the Turkish gov- ernment through the kindly offices of magic password among, them all. Ac- the American Ambassador. At this conference there were representatives commodation, equipment, transportation, of the Beirut Protestant College, the Presbyterian Mission work, Robert Colin fact, nearly everything that we have lege, the American Girls' College, the American Bible Society, and the Amrequired, has been granted to us. The erican Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. As a result a temmen have also been equally enthusiastic.

The greatest results of our work have been obtained through personal inter- views. The weekly Bible classes', the Sunday evening "Hymn-Sings," the services in the hospital wards, and the distribution of khaki Testaments have opened the way for numerous personal conversations, in which the men have shown an eagerness to speak of the reality of Christ and His power."- Canadian Churchman.

Syrian Mission Property Safe SOME time ago Ambassador Morgen- thau sent for President Howard S.

Bliss and Dr. Frank E. Hoskins of Beirut to come to Constantinople to consult over the intimations of the Turkish government in r~gard to mis-

THE porary arrangement was agreed to Threats Against Robert College touching these laws. The points com- OUTLOOK contains a very'

promised are as follows: illuminating interview with an un- 1. The government demands the re- named authority, called "The Man ligious exercises and instruction shall from Constantinople," in which it was be optional for non-Christians, but may stated that the Turks had threatened be obligatory for Christians. to take Robert College and the beau- 2. That Turkish shall be taught to tiful new Constantinople College for Ottomans in the first year only. Women, both of which properties were 3:o That while the new laws touching built by American philanthropy and the discussion and abrogating of pre- are owned in New York. In the crisis vious agreements and firmans stand, Ambassador Morgenthau quietly moved the work shall go on, the United States . his own summer home to the College Ambassador protesting. for Women and flew the Embassy flag These concessions will enable the above it, thus insuring the safety of mission work to be continued and will one set of buildings. Then he ar– enable the missionaries to deal with ranged that, if Robert College could local officials under authorization of not be saved otherwise, it should be the highest courts in Constantinople used by the American Red Cross, with which will save them from many an- American missionary doctors in charge.

noying delays and obstacles. The "Man from Constantinople" said that he believed that many more than Conditions in Palestine half a million Armenians had been THE Christian pilgrimages to the killed, outside of the army, and that sacred sites in the Holy Land have Talaat Bey boasts of it even to the American Ambassador,- He cynically ceased, and Jerusalem and all the other and shamelessly declares that he means communities' in Palestine which depend to get rid of the Armenian question by so largely upon this traffic for their in- getting rid of the Armenians. Nothing come have been hard hit. What with less than the extermination of the race the presence of the locusts and the ab- is his obj ect; and he and Enver Pasha sence of the travelers, plus war times, have been heard to say that they will the Holy Land has had a taste of real do the same to the Jews and the Ottofamine. The monks and priests in man Greens, and then, as a grand charge of the Christian shrines, such finale, to the Germans! as the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, the Garden of Gethsemane, the Church EUROPE-BRITISH ISLES of the Nativity at Bethlehem, etc., have mostly been French and Italian Roman African Bishops Reply to Kikuyu Catholics or members of the Russian Statement Church. These, together with the THE Bishops of Mombasa and teachers of the Franciscan and Jesuit Uganda have announced their de- and Dominican schools, have all been cision to cooperate with non-conform- driven from the Empire, and warned ists within the limits defined in the that they are not to be allowed to re- statement of the Archbishop of Canter- turn, even after the war. While the bury. The announcement was elicited religieuse have been merely deported, by a circular letter signed by the six other civilians of enemy nations have clergymen who convened the meeting been interned, first at Damascus, and reported in the October REVIEW. It will _then later at Urfa, in upper Mesopo- be remembered that those present tamia.-The Outlook. pledged themselves, before renewing

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

their SUbscriptions to foreign missions puts it, nothing but a miracle of grace or making further collections on their could have saved the mission from seribehalf, to obtain in every case an as- ous divisions. The China Inland Mission surance that the practises of admitting is not only an interdenominational, but members of non-Episcopalian churches an international organization, enrolling to Holy Communion or to preach in workers from 22 different countries. the pUlpits of the Church will not be The love of God, which alone has been permitted within the sphere of the able to draw workers from so many Mission to be supported. The Bishop lands, to labor together unde! one of Mombasa's reply is addrest to Pre- banner, has not failed even in these bendary Boyd, Vicar of St. Paul's, most difficult days to keep those work- Knightsbridge, who in his recent pamph- ers united in the spiritual service of let, "Facing Kikuyu," commits himself evangelizing China. to the statement that the most ignorant lay reader preaching that which is un- The missionaries from Continental true is to be preferred in church pul- countries are supported by funds raised pits to the most cultivated Nonconform- in their own lands, so that the finanist minister preaching what is true! cial question does not arise in the re- Bishop Peel concludes: "I can well iationships of the mission. Prayer is understand 'the feeling of unrest and asked that love may prevail, for there anxiety among churchmen in England are not a few Chinese converts who who are trying in ten thousand ways are closely watching to see if the spirit to nullify the Reformation, and to ar- of Christ is sufficient to conquer the rive at the condition of things in war spirit in those who profess to be 'Church' affairs which obtained in Eng- followers of the Prince of Peace. land before the Reformation, barring the supremacy of the Pope."-C.M.S. THE CONTINENT Review. The Y. M. C. A. in France The C.I. M. in War Time MR. OLIVER H. McCOWEN, the T HE effect of the war upon the Indian National Council Secretary work of the China Inland Mis- for Burma, is in charge of the great sion has been of a somewhat unique work of the English Y. M. C. A.'s with nature. With many societies the actual the British Expeditionary Force in the fields of missionary operation have been north of France. directly affected, with the result that in some cases local effort has had to be He has contributed to The Young suspended through the withdrawal of Men of India a racy account of his workers or their internment, but the work, from which we quote the follow- China Inland Mission has had the great ing items: advantage of laboring in a neutral sphere. This is a subject for which Every branch of the service is being the mission is particularly grateful. looked after: the fighting men-cavalry, infantry, and artillery-the Army Ser- But, while the field of operations has vice Corps, who have done such splenbeen neutral, the work at the home did work in this war, the Army Ordbases and in the personnel of the work- nance Corps, the bakers, who send 500,- ers has been most intimately involved. 000 loaves to the front daily, the la- In this respect the problems and diffi- borers and the mechanical transportculties have been of a peculiarly search- all these look on the Y. M. C. A. as ing nature, and as Secretary Broomhall their own.

In the hospital camps in the large Y. M. C. A. marquee, comfortably

boarded, bedecked with flags, and set well as Protestant England is a great out with comfortable deck chairs, the Mohammedan power. men are being helped to forget the horrors and pain of the past, and are The attendents upon the new building resources of strength and mosque will be chiefly Tartars, of nerve for a further part in our great whom 15,000,000 are living under the task. Russian double eagle. The govern- ment of Kasan and the Crimea are the The Distress in Serbia great centers of this population. These Moslems are, undoubtedly, a higher type T HE Bible Lands Missions' Aid So~ than their co-religionists of Turkey. ciety is continuing its work of re- They are cleanly" abstinent from both tobacco and alcohol, intelligent, and lief of the sufferers in Serbia, and in- extremely energetic as traders and crea;;ing demands are being made upon merchants.-Record of Christian Work. it. NORTH AMERICA The main relief work is being done from the headquarters of the Society The Y. W. C. A. Jubilee at Monastir, the center of a vilayat bearing the same name, which con- THE Young Women's Christian Assists of 300 to 400 towns and villages. No other relief fund is at work in the . sociations of the United States are whole of this iarge area. planning to celebrate in the month of February, 1916, the fiftieth anniversary The chief sufferers are refugees of the opening in Boston of the first from villages destroyed in 1912, when city association. Plans adapted to city, cattle, grain, argricultural implements, student, and country organizations have and all household effects were looted. been developed, and the jubilee will be not only an opportunity for a review In Monastir alone there are some of the achievements of the past, but a 8,000 destitute persons, including refu- time to make larger plans for the gees from more than thirty villages. future. The one city association of Many of them are suffering from ill- 1866 has grown to 245, with a memness caused by two and a half years bership of 273,234, and there are also of semi-starvation, while large num- 721 student associations. The extenbers are in a state of extreme debility, sion of the Association movement to which, failing relief, can only end in the Orient has been one of the most a lingering death. There are whole striking developments of the period. streets of families in this condition. Japan now has 20 associations, with six American secretaries, and 18 secretaries Mohammedanism in Petrograd are at work in five cities in China.

THERE is a mosque under construc- Plans of the Commission on Missions tion in Petrograd, not far from the By the constitution of the National Troitsky (Trinity) Bridge over the Council the Congregational Commis- Neva. It is a massive granite building, sion on Missions has a continuous existrelieved by a dome of cerulean tiles and ence, half its members going out of a blue-tiled entrance porch. There are office each two years The Commission, three minarets from whence the ears of which President King of Oberlin is of the "Orthodox" will in days to chairman, will begin the work of the come be jarred by the call to Moslem coming biennium on the basis of previous prayer. The whole building recalls experience of members who hold over, Samarcand. The building was partly reenforced by those recently elected. given by the Emir of Bokhara which recalls the fact that Holy Russia as

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

Among the subjects to which the Com- 'Strength to Congregational churches mission is expected to devote its at- and to enable the members of the tention are the following: preliminary organization to make themselves more plans for the Tercentenary Fund, which adequate to the demands of the modern is to be raised in 1920, a study of the church. field work of the various missionary societies and the relation of field and At the first meeting, which was held state organizations; a consideration of in Center Church, New Haven, in Nothe problem of the various missionary vember, the following problems were magazines published by the denomina- presented as lying within the scope tion and the development of the Appor- of the organization: tionment Plan. Sub-committees will make careful study of different topics The training of adequate leadership and by meeting perhaps three times for the Church; the development of the during the biennium the Commission Church as the Father's House, the as a whole can work over the reports social center of the community; the submitted, and having reached a judg- reaching out into the community along ment on major matters will confide many lines of social service; the fine them again to the care of smaller com- art of guiding the unfolding life of mittees for execution. childhood and youth.

The Ministry in America The executive committee will plan definitely to present the challenge of HILE much has been written and this new vocation to the young women W spoken about the decrease of stu- in the colleges. dents for the ministry, Mr. Talcott Williams, of Columbia University, has been A Chair in Christianity investigating the facts. with surprizing results. He declares that, from 1880 to WHILE giving large attention to 1910 the number of ministers has Comparative Religion, the great grown faster than the number of lawyers or physicians. In this thirty years, seats of learning have in many cases the United States census' heing witness, passed by Christianity as a substantive the number of ministers had increased study. So much has this been the case from 64,698 to 132,988, or had more in America, that the president of a than doubled. Further, the llumber of great university in the Middle States theological students in the United recently declared that a student might States has doubled in thirty-three years. graduate from many of the institutionS' There were 5,242 in 1880 a"d 10,965 in of learning in the land and yet be as 1913; while in Germa'l' t',~ ,logical ,tu- ignorant of Christianity as if he had dents have fallen off one-half in this been educated in a pagan country. At generation, and in Ewdand the number length, there are indications of a turnhas remained the same. in'S of the tide, for a worthy example has been set by a small institution, Church Assistants Organize Furman University, South Carolina, the trustees and faculty of which have set A NEW field for women who wish to up a Chair of' Christianity. Holding devote themselves to Christian work that Christianity is the salt of civilis offered by the Congregational Lea::iue ization, and can no more be excluded of Church Assistants. The salaried than can mathematics. It says to prewomen workers in the Congregational sumptive students: "If you object to a churches have banded together in an course in Christianity, go elsewhere. organization whose purpose is to add For our part, we are unwilling to give our degrees to students who have not had special instruction in the origin,

the documents, and the history of the the coast in the autumn, when they Christian religion." were to return south.

Presbyterian Women Leaders Confer At first the intention was, it seems, that these German members of the mis- ANOTABLE gathering was held in sionary staff on the coast should be in- Chicago, from November 10th to terned; however, that was altered, and 18th, by representatives of the Presby- they have now been aJlowed to resume terian Woman's Boards of Home and their work on parole. They went north Foreign Mi.;sicns, the Woman's Depart- on board the Harmony. ment of the Freedmen's Board and delegates from the Synodical Societies, who An Experience of Wu Ting Fan. assembled to consider matters of common interest at the home base. THE Rev. Huie Kin, a Chinese Christian pastor in New York, was A call to the conference stated its ob- reading a daily paper. Seeing that a distinguished countryman of his was to i ect in the following words: be in New York over Sunday he tele- phoned him at his hotel inviting him "The tendency toward joint synodical to attend the Sunday service at his presbyterian and local organizations has church. brought to the attention of the Woman's Boards of Foreign and Home Missions The invitation was promptly accepted. the need of such oneness of method as After the service was over the guest shall simplify the work all along the line. s'aid to the pastor: The insistent derr:ands of the mission cause have indicated the need of a cJear- "When I was a boy in China I was cut, definite administrative policy." acquainted with some Christian people and I thought highly of Christianity. The conference had no power of de- I had never identified myself with it, cision on any matter, but agreed upon but, when I was appointed to America many recommendations to be considered, I decided I wanted to throw in my lot and, if possible, ratified by the various with Christian people there, and made Boards represented. up my mind that I would accept the first invitation which was given me to Labrador Missionaries on Parole attend a Christian service."

ACTING under instruction from the There was a pause which was scarce- Dominion Government, Captain ly perceptible, then he continued: Jackson of the Labrador coast brought with him to St. John's, Newfoundland, "This is the first invitation I have on his first trip southward in the sum- had !" mer, all the male Gentians connected with the Moravian Mission in Labrador. The man who spoke was Wu Ting Fang. As a result of an interview which the captain thereupon had with the This was not his first but his last Minister of Ju.stice at St. John's, and Sunday in America. Before another of the previous intervention of His Sunday had dawned this man, who had Excellency the Governor and of the been Minister from China to Christian mission agent in that city, the mis- America, was on his way home. sionaries and storekeepers who had been brought down werr~ all allowed Who can say what would have been to return' to their posts, hut they were the results if the invitation to go to a accompanied by three or four police- Christian service had been given him men. These had instructions to stay at on his first instead of his last Sunday the stations until the last ship visited in America?-Woman's Work.

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LATIN AMERICA ces Town: "I was glad to find that Mr. Paul Bhaktawar Das, the catechist, The Church of Rome at Its Worst had done his best to keep up the Hindi service. T HE Bishop of Argentina, Dr. Every, in an article to which The "A meeting of our catechists was held East and the West, of July, accorded and the rector, at my request, attended the premier place, says some very pun- and presided. Several important matgent things of the Roman Catholic ters were discust, including extension Church in South America, where he of work, training of East Indian teachsays that Church is admittedly at its ers and mission workers for the future, worst. "There is', unfortunately, no traveling expenses of catechists, etc. question as to the debased moral at- The rector told us that there were mosphere of Latin American lands, and about 200 Indian children in four of it is impossible not to hold the Church the schools in the parish, but nothing largely responsible. Then~ is no Chris- was being done for them in their own tian, nor partially Christian, public language. Some of them attend the OpllllOn. Integrity and clean living religious instruction in English, sit for are not expected. Honor and truth the religious examination, and do well. are exceptional. There is a general lax attitude of tolerance toward every- "The distinguishing feature of the thing, including vice. . . . . Among meeting was the spontaneous request of the mass of the educated men faith is the catechists for regular and systemdead. Religion is a matter of custom, atic instruction in Hindi for themnot conviction. The tone of the univer- selves." sities, which, of course, includes all the leading and professional men of the Bible Colportage on the Amazon future, is frankly unchristian. It causes astonishment if any educated man is a THE British and Foreign Bible Sotrue believer." In his judgment, the ciety is to have an oil-driven facts honestly studied would justify launch for the evangelization of the the viewing of South America as an tribes of the 50,000 miles of navigable open mission field, and he evidenly waterway on the Amazon and its wishes that the English Church would tributaries. Hitherto, Bible colportage so view it.-C. M. S. Review. has been carried on from the regular steamers which ply up and down the~ Hindus in the West Indies great river, but these stop only at speci- fied points so that thorough colportage T HERE' are in the diocese of Trini- of the region has been difficult. The dad, in the West Indies, over 100, new steamer, built at the modest cost 000 Indians who have come there to of $3,000, will be able to carry a ton labor on the sugar and other planta- of Bibles, sufficient food, water (for tions. A large amount of successful the Indians often poison the water of missionary work has been carried on streams in order to kill the fish), and among them by the S. P. G., and as will be provided with sleeping quarters a result of an increased grant which where the colporteur can protect himthe Society was able to make the Rev. self from the dangerous' insects which Ramprasad Dube, an Indian Brahman, swarm about the river banks. Mr. Walwas lately appointed to assist Mr. Rag- key, an Anglican missionary who bir in superintending the work which knows the Amazon thoroughly and is a is being done among the Indians. qualified engineer, has cooperated help- fully in the venture. His theory is that He wrote after his first visit to Prin- by evangelizing the Indians of the waterways the Indians further in the

forests can be later reached by means bambo'o grove at night. Then they put of the Christianized tribespeople. The it in the church in Atibaia, but it younger Indians of the region are wouldn't stay there either. So the priest largely able to read, having been announced that the only thing to be taught, in many cases, in return for done was to build a church at the their services as rubber collectors. The place where the image wanted to stay. Bible is the only literature in the ver- The church was built, then one or two nacular accessible to them, hence they houses, and now after many years the are always ready to buy it.-Record of place has grown up into a village. Christian Work. But far more rapidly than the village, A Brazilian's View of Protestant ha, grown the fame of the miraculous Missions image, or saint, as they call it. From far and near the pilgrims attend and A MISSIONARY was present at a go through all sorts of idolatrous prac- tises of fulfilment of vows. The sad- meeting held in the Lapa theatre, dest and most significant thing to a when an audience of more than 200 believer in Christ about the worship people, representing aU classes of so- of this image is the name by which the ciety, listened to an address by a lead- people call it, "Saint Good Jesus of the ing citizen on "The Return of the Pardons." This is in itself a revelation Prodigal Son." of the ignorance of the people and an appeal for fuller knowledge of the real He was a Roman Catholic, but when nature of Christ.-Christian Observer. asked if the Americans had a mission among his people, he replied, "Yes, a AFRICA twofold mission, to correct the abuse, of the Roman Church and to give re- "What Vould Jesus Do?" ligious comfort to the people, that is, to give the masses the Gospe1." OF what use are Christian Sunday- schools in Moslem lands? A strik- The missionary later went to visit ing answer is given in a little incident him and offered to read to his mother, related by an eye-witness to Mrs. Finif she desired, some comforting words ney, one of the American missionaries of the Savior. "After I reached Curi- in Alexandria. tyba, I sent him two pamphlets and received an appreciative letter. Some An Australian soldier, who had been day some of those men and women I in the cafes and drink shops, was met will be the first members of the sauntering down the street when he Presbyterian Church of Lapa." was laid hold of by two gay and prof- ligate women, one on each arm. Each A"Saint Good Jesus of the Pardons" was coaxing him. At that moment a FEW miles from the town of Ati- bright Egyptian lad was coming from baia, in the State of S. Paulo, the opposite direction, and the soldier Brazil, there is a small, out-of-the-way in an offhand way called out to him, village, where every year the Roman "Boy, which one shall I go with?" Catholic Church holds one of its most The lad stopt a moment and then, lookcelebrated festivals in this part of the ing straight up into his face, replied in country. It is said that once upon a clear, simple English, "What would time an image of Jesus was discovered Jesus do?" The soldier was so taken in a bamboo grove there and put by aback and so deeply touched that he the priest in the church at Nazareth, flung himself loose, and running down near-by. But it did not want to stay the street, disappeared from view. there, so miraculously went back to the The British officer who noticed the

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

affair stept up and asked the lad in Uganda for volunteers to go among where he had learned English, and was the tribes of the Mongalla province, told that the boy was a pupil in the toward whom Islam is making rapid American Mission school in Alexandria strides. The C. M. S. mission among and that this very verse had been ex- them has now been in existence for 10 plained by one of the teachers at Sun- years, and still looks forward to its day-school. first baptism. Of African Moslems the Boys of the Munchi Tribe Seek Christ people have seen many, often in high positions of trust and responsibility, W RITING from Salatu, Mr. A. S. but of African Christians they have Judd, of the Sudan United Mis- come into contact with none. The sion, gives the following encouraging first to respond to the appeal were two particulars of a movement which has boys in their third year at King's just begun in one of the tribes among School, Budo, followed by a pupil whom the society is at work: teacher from Ndeje. At the communion service held for members of the Synod "You will be pleased to know that we the Bishop appealed to the elder clergy have had quite a movement among the and lay readers to send one of their boys here during the past few days. number as leader of the new Mission. One evening a lad of 16 years of age One of the oldest of the Baganda came to see me; he wanted to follow clergy, the Rev. Yosuwa Kiwavu, ofthe Christ. The next evening another fered himself, notwithstanding his adcame, and evening after evening I vancedage and the fact that he has have had seekers after the way of truth already spent many years of exile in until there are now twelve of the Busoga, the last two years of them in school-boys who have exprest their de- a remote and dangerous out-station, termination to follow the Master. Some for the evangelization of which he are quite young, but three are approach- volunteered to leave his comfortable ing manhood, and they have given their home. It is little, to be wondered at testimony, very clear and definite, in that such an example was emulated. public. They will be marked men now. In a few hours' time three other Bag- The others, being younger, have not anda clergy and two lay readers also spoken in public, but they all take part offered, of whom the two latter were in their own prayer meetings, and we eventually chosen to accompany Kiwavu have had quite a number of these. The and to travel into the Sudan with Mr. boys have to spend much of the day Shaw on his return journey. on their farms, driving off birds from the ripening crops'. On Sunday, as they could not get in for service on the News From West Africa F station, they held a service out in the OUR members of the West Africa Mission of the Presbyterian Board fields. This was their own idea. We shall have to give time to the training arrived in New York, December 15th, of these boys, for they will need much and reported that they received only help." courteous treatment in German Kame- run, Spanish Guinea and from the of- THE Baganda Missionaries for the Sudan ficials of the French and British cruis- Uganda Synod appealed for ers who boarded their ship.

workers for the pagan Anglo- Before leaving Kamerun, the entire Egyptian Sudan, and a very speedy re- party pledged themselves to say noth- sponse has come from the Uganda ing of military conditions in Kamerun.

Church. The Rev. A. Shaw, of Malek, They were permitted, however, to tell on the White Nile, has been appealing anything regarding the missionaries

and the work. From the necessity laid he must, as a Christian, try at least upon them on account of the lack of to get rid of from a heart only too foreign food, the missionaries have cul- ready to entertain it. Patriotism, selftivated their gardens much more than sacrifice, calm courage as connected in former years. One of the mission- with war, are strange notions hard to aries has succeeded in producing a understand. Then he is told of hosplantain flour and a toothsome syrup pitals, Red Cross work, mercy to all out of a native cane. The industrial non-fighters, and so forth, and hearing work has practically ceased because of this he looks at the pictures' of fighting a lack of cloth for making garmerrts, in Belgium I What is he to, think? of leather for making shoes, and a lack What can he possibly make of it all? of demand for chairs and tables, and Christianity is essentially to him the refor building of any kind. While war ligion of peace and mercy. He can only conditions are irksome, and at times think one thing: that the white man seriously interfere with the work, the teaches one way and follows another. greatest courtesy has been shown the And so he keeps silent, because such American representatives. thoughts are neither clearly formed in his mind, nor would he like to express The returned missionaries did not them if they were." think that their comrades are in any danger. Bible-work in New Zealand The girls' schools are all closed, but THE British and Foreign Bible Sothe boys' schools are running, only with ciety's latest report from New Zeareduced numbers. The most striking of all the statements regarding the land, has recently reached London. In work is that the offerings while pos- a year, which included nine months of sibly not equalling those of former the great war, New Zealand has conyears, are remarkable, the people giving tributed to the B. F. B. S. no less than out of extreme poverty, and realizing £2,382; this total contains a gift of £349 the great need on account of war con- from the Otago Bible Society, but it ditions. takes no account of legacies from New Zealand, which have reached the record THE ISLANDS OF THE SEA sum of £4,324. A New Testament was placed in the hands of each soldier of A The Puzzled Melanesian the New Zealand contingent, which has CORRESPONDENT writes in been fighting with such magnificent gal- The Southern Cross Log: lantry in the Dardanelles. "Readers may be interested to hear how, as far as one can judge, the catas- Hospital Ship for the Sulu Islands trophe of the war apears to the mind of the ordinary Melanesian Christian. ONE of the missionaries of the Epis- A thing that strikes one very much copal Board in the Philippines says is his intense interest in it. that the greatest advent of the past Next to his intense interest is his year in that mission has been the conreserve about what he really thinks. joint acceptance by the Philippine gov- His attitude as a Christian is hard to ernment and a private philanthropy in probe. Here are Christian nations' all America of the proposition submitted fighting together on an enormous scale. by Bishop Brent for a hospital ship for But war to him means murder, and the Sulu Archipelago. It is hoped that murder he has learned is a sin, and this institution will be a center of inutterly and entirely un-Christian. War struction and healing to 200,000 natives. means revenge, and revenge he knows '1~t : BOOKS ON Ml3SIONS @.-.; /~ " AND – : / ……………….. . ".".. MI3SION LANDS .. .— – …./. . ". -~….. ………….

The China Mission Year Book for 1915. The Students of Asia. By Sherwood Edited by D. MacGillivray. 12mo. 586-252 Eddy. 12mo, 223 pp. Student Volunteer pp. With new missionary map of China, Movement, New York, 1915. 20×22 inches. $2.00, net. Christian Litera- The students of to-day are the leaders ture Society, Shanghai, China, 1915. of to-morrow and Mr. Eddy has wisely The China Mission Year Book has devoted his life to bringing the message come to be looked upon as an institution of Christ to the students of Asia. In -a servant of the cause of Christ and India and China he has held remarkable of progress in China. evangelistic meetings at which thousands have been enrolled as enquirers'. In the Volume six contains an immense present volume he studies the countries amount of valuable information not only of Asia from the students' standpoint, the on Christian progress but on the political, present intellectual awakening, the new commercial, educational, and social de- student life and ideals; the student velopment of China. Many of these leaders in India and China; the successchapters are contributed by specialists ful methods employed in student work and all are carefully edited. Dr. Arthur and the present call of Asia to Christian H. Smith writes the survey for 1914 America and England. The appendices and the story of Christian churches in deal with the contrasts between orient China. and occident, moral instruction in Japan- ese schools, typical questions asked by There are also sections on Meetings of Japanese, and the religions of China. Federal Councils, on the distribution of missionaries, the post-office as an evan- Mr. Eddy's book will be especially gelizing agency, social service in China, helpful to the students of North America. Woman's Work in China, and a full list It is more of a general presentation than of over 400 missionaries and 80 foreign a detailed study of the subject, but it is missionary agencies in China and For- an inspirational message drawn from acmosa. The statistics are informing but tual contact with Asiatic students. incomplete. The map in three colors is a unique production prepared by the Missions and Leadership. By J Camp- China Continuation Committee. It shows the various mission centers with 1 to 5, bell White, LL.D. 16mo. 192 pp. SOc. N. 6 to 15, 16 to 25, 26 to 50, and more than Collier Printing Co., Wooster, Ohio, 1915. SO missionaries respectively. Other marks Dr. White is well-known as the organindicate the unoccupied citie~ distinguish- izer and for many years the general ed according to their size and importance. secretary of the Laymen's Missionary Movement. He is a clear thinker and The railroads-in operation and pro- forceful speaker and has won a right posed-the canal and trade routes are to speak on missions and leadership-as also marked. The parallels of latitude he has done in these lectures delivered in and longitude are omitted. These with South Carolina. First he declares and a key to mission stations would greatly gives facts to show that the present add to the value and usableness of the second decade of the twentieth century map. i!> "the decisive decade in missions." He points out that service to God and man is Agatho Rolf, O.M. Cap., of a German the only life purpose worth while and book. The author of this is a Roman that knowledge of world conditions and Catholic and of course he considers the spiritual forces is essential to power. In whole mission problem from that view- the chapter on money and the kingdom, point. Of the seven chapters, four are Dr. Vhite is especially at home. He devoted to comparisons between Roman makes figures talk. The final appeal for Catholic and Protestant missions in Asia personal service in the missionary cause and to a critical discussion of the "De- is a stirring and convincing argument for fects of Protestant Mission Methods,"

more thorough consecration to Christ. "Modern Tactics of Protestants in the He concludes: (1) "The World Field is Mission Proper," and "Protestant the only field; (2) The Great Commis- Methods of Awakening Missionary sion is the only commission; (3) Man is Zeal." It would be quite easy for God's chosen steward and messenger." a Protestant critic to make a for- My Lady of the Chinese Courtyard. By midable list of the defects of Roman Elizabeth Cooper. Illustrated, Bvo, 162 Catholic Missions. Nevertheless Father pp. $1.50, net. Fred'k A. Stokes Co., 1915. Schwager's small book is wholesome Chinese women are just emerging from reading for Protestant missionary work- obscurity. They are showing their ers. It is well for us sometimes to see strength and are worthy of study. Miss ourselves as others see us. The view- Cooper bases her revelation of the women point of the author is distinctly continand home life of China on letters written ental, as distinguished from British and many years ago, so that the volume does American. His pre-suppositions material- not reveal the new women being pro- ly affect his jUdgment, but he is an able duced by modern civilization and mis- man and evidently intends to be fair and sions. The vast multitudes of China have honest. A reader who does not under- not changed very much, but they are stand the currents a.nd cross-currents of changing. life in Asia, might get a wrong impres- In the form of two series of letters as sion from Father Schwager's chapters, written by the wife of a high Chinese but the foreign missionary secretary and official to her husband, the author pic- the foreign missionary himself may find tures the thoughts and conditions of this little book interesting and suggestive.

Chinese women of the higher class. It is a secluded life, with many families under Working Women of Japan. By Sidney one roof~parents, children, mother-in- L. Gulick. Illustrated, 12mo, xiv-162 pp. law, son's-in-Iaw, and grandchildren. The 50 cents. Missionary Education Move- ment" New Yark, 1915.

wife, kwei-li, turns finally from the Dr. Gulick gives us here the first ex- Chinese gods to Christ and in Him finds tended treatment of the increasingly impeace. portant theme, the working women of Japan. A reviving Buddhism, under the Beautifully illustrated and well written, stimulus of Christian ideals, has renewed this illuminating story is well worth read- it, ancient interest in some forms of ing by young missionaries going to China philanthropy, but the serious problems of and by those at home who desire a industrialism have awakened little conglimpse of the inside of upper-class cern, except among Christians. The con- Chinese homes.

The Most Vital Mission Problem of ditions of women in domestic and agri- the Day. By the Rev. Frederick cultural employments, the more than Schwager, S.V.D. 12mo. Mission Press, 1,000,000 factory girls, the 30,000 geisha, Teckney, Illinois, 1915. A small volume, the 50,000 shogi, are set forth in useful hardly more than a bound pamphlet.

This is a translation, by the' Rev. detail. The closing chapter is devoted

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

to the Matsurgama Working Girls' ed. Missionaries and religion in Santo Home, the remarkable enterprise of Mr. Domingo are referred to a" follows: Shinjiro Omoto, which is illustrating to "Just what work Christian missionaries the community and to the government are doing among these people I do not one phase, at least, of the Christian know; but certainly there is a great op- solution of the problem of the working portunity, at any rate; the great needs of girl. the hour are education and religion. Until both come this will continue to be Historic Churches of Mexico. By Mrs. the most backward portion of the Vv-est- John Wesley Butler. Illustrated, 8vo, ern Hemisphere." 258 pp. $1.50, net. The Abingdon Press, New York and Cincinnati, 1915. Introducing the American Spirit. By Mrs. Butler's description of twoscore Edward A. Steiner. Illustrated. 12mo. pp. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., Mexican churches, noteworthy as ex- 1915. ponents of the legends and traditions of their ecclesiastical system, is of value Professor Steiner is never dull. He is to the tourist in search of Spanish archi- always original and thought-compelling, tecture and local color. To the student and his latest volume is worth reading. of mission fields and faiths this record Americans will here see themselves as of the visions and miracles upon which others see them; foreigners will see these churches have been founded and America as a loving adopted son sees his of the credulity of their worshipers is foster-mother country. The description a revelation of the Roman Catholic of America and the interpretation of the Church in that country. The conclusion American spirit is given in the form of is inevitable that the Mexican people a bright, entertaining narrative. A Gerhave received stones for bread. "The man director and his wife are guided hungry sheep look. up and are not fed." through the whirl and beauties of Amer- ican life and scenery with a running Bahaism and Its Claim. By Samuel G. fire of criticism and repartee that reveals Wilson, D.D. 8vo, 298 pp. $1.50 net. Flem- the failings and excellencies of the land ing H. Revell Co., 1915. and the people. Bahaism claims to have somewhat Along the Trail. By Sarah G. Pomeroy. similar relation to Islam as Christianity 12mo. 96 pp. 40 cents, net. Fleming H. has to Judaism. It is founded on Islam, l.evell Co., 1915. but has advanced to broader and higher Juniors will be greatly interested in spiritual ideals under the lead of a new teacher. Bahaism is far from Christian this collection of pen pictures of Indians, and it would be well for those who are Pilgrim fathers, Eskimos, Negroes, lenient toward it in England and Amer- mountaineers and foreigners in America to read this revelation. Ica. It is full of life and color, and seems more like a collection of traveI- The Future of South America. By Roger tales than a text-book. W. Babson. Map. 12mo, 407 ~<). $1.50, net. Little, Brown & Co., Boston, 1915. The Revelation. By Arno C. Goebelein. 12mo. 208 pp. 50 cents, net. "Our Latin-America is in the public eye. It Hope," New York, 1915. is a coming continent. Mr. Babsun deals The most obscure book of the New with its great commercial future, taking up in detail the conditions in each separ- Testament is the most fascinating to ate country in turn. The suggestions those who study it with a key to unlock to those having trading interests in its treasures. Mr. Goebelein has given South America are of particular value. us both an analysis and an interpretation PopUlations and educational conditions that are worthy of careful study. The are indicated briefly, but social and re- imagery, the prophecies, the meaning all ligious conditions are scarcely mention- require deep study, and it is not surpriz-

ing that there are different interpreta- My Lady of the Chinese Courtyard. By tions. Mr. Goebelein recognizes the Elizabeth Cooper. 12mo, xvi-262 pp., Ilvarious "schools" and himself looks to the future for fulfilment. The Scarlet lustrated. $1.50, net. Frederick A. Stokes Woman he accepts as picturing the Papal Co., New York, 1915. system and the thousand years as following the destruction of world by em- Sketches From Formosa. By the Rev. W. pires and the personal return of Christ. Campbell, D.D. F.R.G.S. 6s. Marshall It is a study Biblical and spiritual with Bros., Ltd., London, 1915. abundant reference to history. A Short History of Japan. By Ernest Blood Against Blood. By Arthur S. Booth-Clebborn. 12mo. 176 pp. 50 Wilson Clement. Illustrated, Map, x-190 cents, net. Charles C. Cook, N ew York, pp. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1915. 1915. The writer, a son-in-law of General Missions and Leadership. By J. Camp- bell White, M.A." LL.D. 16mo. 192 pp. William Booth of the Salvation Army, 50 cents, net. Presbyterian Committee of makes a vigorous and impassioned protest Publication, Richmond, Va., 1915. against war. It is a tremendous indict- The Inspiration of Responsibility and ment, and calls for careful consideration Other Papers. By the Rt. Rev. Charles on the part of Christians. Whatever the motives for human warfare, itS' methods H. Brent. 12mo, 236 pp. $1.50, net. are unchristian and brutish, Longsman, Green & Co., New York, 1915.

Christian Psychology. By Rev. James Fifty Years' Ministry, 1865-1915. Mem- Stalker, D.D. 12mo. 281 pp. $1.25, net. ories and Musings. By the Rev. Wm. Geo. H. Doran Co., New York, 1915. Cuff. Is., net. Baptist Union Publica- While many of us do not agree with tion Department, London, 1915. Dr. Stalker in all of his statements and conclusions, missionaries and students Their Call to Service. A Study in the wiII find these studies valuable. They Partnership of Business and Religion. relate to the various faculties and senses, By Philip E. Howard. 16mo, 157 pp. 60 and their inftuencee on morals and reli- cents, net. The Westminster Press, Philagion. The volume is written in Dr. Stal- delphia, 1915. ker's own clear and forceful style The Reign of the Prince of Peace. By Overtaking the Centuries; or, Modern Women of Five Nations. By A. Estelle Richard Hayes McCartney. 12rno, 160 Paddock. Pamphlet. 40 cents, paper; 60 pp. Charles C. Cook, New York, 1915. cents, cloth. National Y. W. C. A., New The Kingdom in History and Prophecy. York, 1915. By Lewis Sperry Chafer. 12mo, 159 pp. The Y. W. C. A. work has been reach- 75 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., ing out to the women of all nations. Its New York, 1915. peculiar field, history, methods and excellent results are here given in brief Children in South America. By Katherine but interest-compelling form. A. Hodge. Illustrated. 12mo, 128 pp.

NEW BOOKS Is. Sd., net. Oliphants, Ltd., Edinburgh China Mission Year Book, being "The 191~ , Christian Movement in China," 1915 The Second Missionary Adventure. By (Sixth Year of Issue). Edited by Rev. D. Warren H. Wilson. 16mo, 32 pp. 35 Yceonrts~ MacGillivray, M.A., D.D. 12mo, xi-S86, net. Fleming H. Revell Co. New 252, Ivi pp. $4.00. With Map. Christian 1915. ' Literature Society for China, Shanghai, 1915. Church Finance. A Study of Wrong The Students of Asia.By Sherwood Eddy. Illustrated, 12mo, 223 pp. Student Volun- Methods and the Remedy. By Frederick teer Movement, New York, 1915. A. Agar. 12mo. 108 pp. 50 cents. Mis- sionary Education Movement, New York, m~ Was It Worth While? The Life of Theo- dore Storrs Lee. By Some Friends of His. 12mo. 178 pp. Illustrated. 50 cents net. Association Press, New York, 1915: How to Live. Rules for Healthful Living b~sed on Modern Science. By Irving FIsher and Eugene Lyman Fisk, M.D. Illustrated, 12mo, xxiii-345 pp. $1.00, net. Funk & WagnaIIs Co., New York, 1915.

The Negro. By W. E. Burghardt Du Bois Ph.D. 254 pp. 50 cents. Henry, Holt Co., New York, 1915.

A Woman in the Sahara. By Helen C. Gordon. Illustrated, 350 pp. 65., net. Heinemann, London, 1915.

Sav_;;e Man in CLtra1 Africa. A study of Primative Races in the French Kongo. By Adolphe Louis Cureau. Illustrated, 351 pp. 12s. 6d., net. Fisher Unwin, London, 1915.

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1915

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD

MISSIONA~Y FI~~S 1. It is estimated that there are over 550,000 Jews fighting on the two sides. Some of the leading men in financial and political circles are Jews, including Sir E. Goshen, British Ambassador to Germany in 1914; Lord Reading, Lord Chief Justice of England; Mr. Hyman, Bel- gian Ambassador to Great Britain; Signor Malvano, President of the Council of State in Italy; and Hon. Henry Morgenthau, American Am- bassador to Turkey. (See page 887.) 2. According to Robert E. Speer, who has recently interviewed a number of the Buddhist priests in Siam, they disagree as to whether Buddha is alive or dead, in heaven, or non-existent, a hearer of prayer or deaf to appeals, God or only a man. (See page 901.) 3. We saw in India, says Mrs. Thomas Gladding, whole communities who desired baptism and who removed with their own hands the charms they wore, destroyed the altars in their homes, and tore down the vil- lage shrine, to prove their sincerity in accepting Christ. (See page 909.) 4. The one hundred and seventy workers in Dr. Wilfred Grenfell's Mission in Labrador last summer included among the volunteers a dentist from Harvard, a trained nurse from New York, Dr. Charles E. Jefferson's assistant, a secretary, and a librarian. (See page 919.) 5. Last summer there was held in New York the first conference of Protes- tant Russians and Ruthenians. A great Christian work is being car- ried on among these foreigners in America. (See page 923.) 6. A Chinese Christian says that the four great foes of Christianity in China are: (1) Confucianism, (2) Materialism, (3) Worship of Education, ( 4) The deification of national spirit. On the contrary, he sees hope in: (1) The Christian leaders, (2) religious freedom, (3) growing intelligence, and (4) student evangelism. (See page 929.) 7. The women of Asia are fast gaining their freedom from seclusion, ignor- ance, subjection, and degradation. Thousands are working or in train- ing as educators, editors, doctors, nurses, and business. (See page 882.) 8. Missionaries in Palestine see hope for the future in the promised return of the Jews to the land of their inheritance. At the close of the war they look for a great influx of Hebrews. (See page 882.) 9. A lawyer, W. D. Murray, New York, has a "missionary Bible," in which he has 175 missionary autographs, special missionary texts, outlines for missionary addresses, student volunteer declarations, and other fuel for missionary fires. (See page 931.) 10. The women in Protestant churches of North America contributed over three million dollars last year for foreign missions. (See page 943.) 11. American baseball is competing successfully with the bull-fight and the cock-pit for popularity among the young men of Latin America. The change means a distinct moral advance. (See page 944.) I RY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Vol. X8i;;~~~sNO. 12 DECEMBER, 1915 Vol. XXVIII. No. 12 New Series 11111111111111111 111111111 111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111 1111111111111 A MESSAGE FROM PALESTINE crisis portending the end. Weare at the dawn of a day of political free- REV. A. E. THOMPSON, of dom and religious liberty in the land Jerusalem (Christian Alliance of the Lord.

Mission), writes that the Palestine II. There is hope in the economic missionaries, both those on the field situation in Palestine. and those at home, are filled with hope for the future.. Commerce is suspended. There are not enough men to till the land. 1. There is hope in the political sit- Locusts have swept the country. uation related to the Holy Land. There is hunger in the cities and threatened famine in the villages. For thirteen centuries Moslem The relief sent is as nothing to the rulers have lorded it over the Holy need. Land. For generations the Turk has been its master. To-day the Star and "But," says one missionary, "tho Crescent, emblem of night, floats over the Lord give you the bread of adthe City of the Great King. That is the versity and the water of affliction, last possible word as to oppression yet shall not thy teachers be reand misrule. But the King said, moved into a corner any more; but "Jerusalem shall be trodden down thine eyes shall see thy teachers, and until"-until what? "Until the time thine ears shall hear a word behind of the Gentiles be fulfilled." Every thee saying, this is the way, walk ye sign indicates that the times of the in it, when ye shall turn to the right Gentiles are nearing an end. The hand and when ye shall turn to the chronological lines have run out. The left" (Isa. 30: 20). nations seem to have come to the The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS. These economic conditions are is a day of darkness, yet in it "the the shadows of the cloudy and the people that sit in darkness shall see dark day, but we who are in the a great light," for the Prince of cloud hear His voice saying, "See Peace is at hand. that ye be not troubled, for all these things must come to pass." "Lift The God of Hope is Himself the up your heads, for your redemption all-sufficient ground of hope. In the draweth nigh." dark days, hope from the God of Hope becomes a wellspring in the III. There is hope in the missionary hearts of missionaries. The deepensituation-in spite of the present dark- ing darkness means the breaking of ness. the dawn. Hope clasps hands with Faith and looks longingly for the The British missionaries have been morn when the works of Love shall recalled, or banished, much of the be wrought. German work is suspended, nearly all of the independent missionaries have This is no time to retrench or to departed and been forced to close the cease giving for Palestine. This is doors of their schools. The British the time to prepare for the realization schools and hospitals, as well as of the hope God has given. French and Russian properties, have been seized by the Turkish army. MOSLEM ENEMIES AND FRIENDS Not more than half a dozen American missionaries remain in Palestine. T HE anti-Christian "Jihad" has This looks like ruin and defeat, but not been able to tum the people morning light is breaking in Moslem of Persia against the missionaries. lands. Is the church awake? These heroes have, in fact, been able to save many from death. The medi- The missionaries called to labor in cal missionaries, especiaIly, have had Palestine are a ground for hope. great influence. The mullahs at Is- They are a chosen band of men and pahan appear to have been infuriated women who have surmounted insu- by the opening of the Stuart Meperable obstacles, triumphed in dark morial CoIlege (Church Missionary and bitter hours, endured in what Society) last spring. They first held seemed fruitless service till fruit be- meetings and exprest their disapgan to bud. proval ; then they preached on the subject in the mosques, and finally The promises of God concerning a meeting of the Mujtahedin was Palestine are another ground of hope. held and a notice forbidding boys to Palestine can claim thousands of attend the school was issued, on promises that directly and immediate- which the signature of the Council ly apply to the Chosen People and of Dlama and a number of mullahs the Promised Land. These promises appeared. A few days later, howare being fulfilled rapidly. The ac- ever, the chief mullah, who had just celerated development of everything before visited some sick mullahs in earthly, the whirl of the age, the the mission hospital, addrest a crowdmad .rush of rmtnkind, the devilish ed congregation and told them that haste for military and naval suprem- the English were doing a good work acy only prove that we ·have entered and should not be opposed. Some "the great day of Jehovah." The day

OF THE

time ago the doctor in charge of this are a listening people, and so every hospital, in returning from a long reader means a group of a thousand trip which he had taken in response ears."

to an urgent caU, was stopt in a pass May God hasten the day when of the hills by a band of robbers, Christ may rule in love and power.

who had already looted a post-wagon; but, on recognizing him, the men NATIONAL CHRISTIANITY IN INDIA assured him that no harm would pROFESSOR TILA'K, a Hindu come to him, and he was allowed to … Christian, in speaking at the cen- proceed on his way. It is in time of tenary celebration of the Marathi political upheaval especially that the Mission of the American Board, ut- value of medical mission work is rec- tered the dominating thought of the ognized. occasion when he said, "The last These are some of the foretokens century was justly the century of of the harvest to come in mlSSlOns foreign missions; the next is ours."

to Moslems. Dr. Samuel M. Zwe- There are many signs that, both in mer, who for twenty-five years has leadership and in support, the Indian been working indefatigably for the Christians are coming into their own.

conversion of Moslems says: "There The missions are somewhat reor- was a day when Mohammedan ganizing their work to aid this result; fathers and mothers would rather representatives of church bodies are see their children die in their arms more and more being taken into part- than carried to the hospital of the nership in counsel and action; the Christian. To-day every hospital is church. is organizing to assume larger crowded. There was a time when responsibilities; is definitely pledged they would not send their children to assume its own support; is under- to any Christian school in Arabia, taking new and more out-reaching ef- in Persia, or even in Egypt; when forts. Similar tendencies are observed the number of Moslem pupils was in South India and in Ceylon. The numbered by ones and twos, when in missions are seeking to make the some Mohammedan lands we almost churches self-supporting and self- had to pay them to come and receive governing. In one of the American instruction. To-day the Cairo Col- Board Mission districts, the year past, lege of the American Mission has the supervision of the schools was ISO Mohammedan girls who pay the turned over to the care of the native highest fees to receive a Christian pastor of the church at the center; education. The Bible is the best- the success of the plan will mark an selling book next to the Koran in epoch in mission work and pave the the Mohammedan world. Seven way for further efforts in this direc- thousand copies of the Word of God tion.

were sold in the Persian Gulf last Another sign of the tendency to year.. In Egypt 87,000 copies of the develop the National Church in fn- Word of God were sold along the dia is evidenced in the ordination Nile Valley, and that in a country service which took place at Robert- where 90 per cent. are illiterate. But sonpet, in the 'Kolar goldfields of if they are not a reading people they South India, was participated. in

by five Indian ministers repre- no provision for the transfer of mem- senting four different sections. The bers from one denomination to anoth- so-called "National Church," in er. To meet this protest, the criticized Kolar, South India, was organized section has now been revised, and is about twelve years ago, with 120 presented for further discussion in a members, and has now secured a form which has already been indorsed building of its own at a OD'st of by the Presbyterians, by the South about RS.3,OOO, increased its mem- India United Church and by the Eng- bership to over 500, maintains a pas- lish Baptists. In substance, it has al- tor, an evangelist, and a school, and so received official Methodist approval.

has already laid the foundation for a The federating churches agree to re- school-building to accommodate the spect each other's discipline, to recog- increasing number of pupils of both nize each other's ministry, and to ack- sexes. nowledge each other's membership The Christian Patriot} of Madras, by a free interchange of full mem- expresses the hope "that this N ation- bers in good and regular standing al Church will not be tempted to join duly accredited.

any foreign organization, but will A general invitation to all Chris- continue to work on purely indi- tian bodies in India to participate in genous lines and lay the foundations the federation will go out this fall, for a truly Oriental but strictly evan- and each will also be asked to ap- gelical church with an Indian sys- point representatives to the first pro- tem of government and an Indian vincial councils, which will elect com- mode of worship. The crying need missioners to a national council. These of Christian India is not a perpetu- sectional councils are determined ac- ation of ecclesiastical serfdom to for- cording to language areas, in order eign and uncongenial institutions, but that each section may be bound to- a real and enduring life in Christ gether by a common speech.

and life abounding, with an Indian spirit and genius." NEW WOMEN OF ASIA CHRISTIAN UNITY IN INDIA FEW in America realize the trans- formation that is taking place THE . ~ovement to fede~ate the ChrIstIan churches of IndIa which among the women in Asia. The wo- men of Japan may be considered has been almost quiescent for the emancipated, for they are not only past two years, has lately been re- educated but are taking their places in vived and is reported to be rapidly public life-in business, in education, gathering strength. The leaders rec- in social reforms, and to a limited ognize that the most important thing extent even in politics. In China, is not to bring together the mission- women are proving their powers, and aries but to consolidate in sentiment are becoming more and more a facand in service the growing Christian tor in public life. India is still kept churches of the nation. Federation back by the millions of child widows was first proposed in 1909, but the and zenana prisoners. In Moslem plan was rejected by some of the lands womanhood has not yet parties on the ground that it made emerged from domestic slavery.

OF THE TIMES

The new movement among the wo- You can imagine to what extent men of Asia is taking the form of a things go in the every-day code of demand for recognition as the social the ordinary people. The strange equal of man. They rebel at the rule thing is that while there is absolutely of s0ciety that a woman must marry, no conscience in these matters, some that the only infidelity can be on the control is demanded when girls are part of the wife, and that a woman's concerned. So-called heathen China place is only to serve her husband is far away ahead of the South and bear his children. In the past the American republics where morals women of Persia, India, and China are concerned.

have lived a life separate from their "Allowing for the faithful among husbands and been generally de- the Roman Catholics, and for the barred from participation in public good work under the auspices of the affairs. There was no opportunity Methodists, Presbyterians, Baptists, to develop self-expression. Young Men's Christian Associations, Now women of the Orient are South American Evangelical Union, slowly beginning to learn what a Church of Scotland, and others, the great part they may play in the peoples of South America have not world. They are in training as edu- the moral or religious ideals so cators, physicians, nurses, editors, necessary to give stability to great and even for business. Their change nations.

in dress indicates modernization and <INot only are 'both the intellec- they are adopting modern inventions tual life and ethical standards of to help them perform their tasks. Not conduct of these countries entirely only are Chinese women unbinding divorced from religion,' to quote the their feet, but Japanese women are Han. James Bryce, 'and unbelief and giving up blackening their teeth. If materialism completely master of the the women of Asia are made free by Latin-American mind, but students Christ, the Son of God, they shall be in the universities are openly free indeed. hostile to anything religious if they think it spells even the slightest in- THETHE NEED OF LATIN AMERICA terference in political life.

state of morality in Latin "But worse than all the legalized America has been denounced by vice, and gambling, and drunkenness, travelers from many lands. The and public sale of vicious literature; causes of the immorality are many- far worse, is the attitude of many of the remedy is one, namely, Christ. the people to the sacred Scriptures.

William E. Souter, who has recently The Bible, Christ our Savior, the visited the continent, writes: Cross, they know all these words; "Morally, things are about as bad they are in common use on the street, as can be. Noone expects a young but in what connection? At the cor- man to be moral, and conditions are ner shop you see this sign- 'Christ's such in many homes, purposely ar- corner, grocery store,' The chemist's ranged by parents with the well-be- shop of the 'Three Crosses'; 'The ing of their sons at heart, that would Tears of Christ' is a well-known shock you, dared I mention details. brand of wine; and a tobacco firm

had a glaring advertisement in a "through the week activities," which much-read paper, which was sup- are excellent forms of social service, posed to be a picture of the disci- They have organized a cradle-roll, ples smoking, and Judas standing and each girl is responsible for enaside and saying to the Master, 'If rolling and caring for ten babies. I had smoked this brand of tobacco They have also formed a sewing guild I would not have betrayed you!' to provide clothing for the poor chil- dren of their community. The Sun- "These show some of the difficulties day-school, properly managed, may which confront evangelist~ in mak- be a great evangelizing agency of ing known the Christian faith in all South America. its purity. Surely there is need for a 'Congress on Christian work' in ADULT BIBLE CLASSES IN CHINA Latin America-a constructive evangelical conference. THE Sunday-School Adult Bible Class movement has entered Chi- "Already the Bible has its triumphs in transformed leaders drawn from na, largely as the result of the efall classes, men and women who be- forts of Mr. R. A. Doan, recently lieve the future of South America elected secretary of the Missionary to be bound up with the Bible teach- Society of the Disciples of' Christ, ings and with unadulterated, intelli- who, while on a tour through the gent devotion to Christ." Orient spoke over seventy times in China on this subject to audiences A NEW NOTE IN SOUTH AMERICA aggregating more than 15,000 people.

T HE visitor to South America is Of this work, Mr. Doan writes: apt to miss from the life of the "There is absolutely no difficulty in securing an audience in China, nor in young people the attention to vari- getting inquirers who are willing to ous forms of social service which be- study the Bible. The chief difficulty come almost a passion among num- is lack of leadership. At many of bers of Christian young people in our meetings it was necessary to sta- North America. The young women tion men at the door to crowd people of South America are generally with- back and try to keep them from enout any great aim in life-except tering the building after it was full. marriage. Higher education is therefore considered superfluous- for' wo::: noon In Nantungchow we held four aftermen, and active participation in community betterment movements, has meetings"iti '~ Buddhist temple; been almost unknown. Miss Estella C. Long, of Montevideo, Uruguay, has where we had an attendance of from organized the first teacher 'training~ eight hundred to a thousand men class among young woman of South every day, tho the ineetings were America; and the girls, are taking hold held in January." Mr. Doan has guar- Qf. their work eager}Yc. They are using anteed the funds for the holding of aSRte~t-booka; Spa~~sh translatiop of three summer conferences for adult the late Dr. Hamill's "Legion of Hon- Bible-class leaders. The leaders for or", 'course, and are engaging in many these conferences will be carefuiiy selected with the hope of having them train other leaders upon their return to their homes.

EVENTS

Decemher 1st to 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Manchester, N. H. 1st to 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, St. Louis, Mo. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Cleveland, O. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Albany, N. Y. 6th to 11th-Meeting of the Council of Women for Home Miss., Atlanta, Ga. 8th-The 75th anniversary of the sailing of Livingstone for Africa, 1840. 8th to 11th-Federal Council of Churches Conference, Columbus, O. 9th to 12th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Toledo, O. 25th-Tenth anniversary of the National Missionary Society of India, 1905.

January The 100th anniversary of the American Bible Society. 2d to 9th-World's Week of Prayer. 11th to 13th-Annual meeting of Home Missions Council.

12th to 14th-Foreign Missions Conference, Garden City, L. 1. 17th-Fifteenth anniversary of the death of Elias Riggs, of Turkey, 1901. 19th to 21st, 23d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Houston, Tex. 19th to 21st, 23d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Duluth, Minn. 23d to 26th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, New Orleans, La. 23d to 26th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, St. Paul, Minn. 23d to 26th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Minneapolis, Minn. 23d to 26th-Laymen's Missionary :Movement Convention, Rochester, N. Y. 26th to 28th, 30th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Jackson, Minn. 26th to 28th, 30th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Fargo, N. Dak. 26th to 28th, 30th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Reading, Pa. 29th-Fiftieth anniversary, sailing of James Chalmers for South Seas, 1866. 30th to Feb. 2d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Vaterbury, Conn. 30th to Feb. 2d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Billings, Mont. 30th to Feb 2d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Birmingham, Ala.

February 2d to 4th, 6th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Atlanta, Ga. 2d to 4th, 6th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Butte, Mont.

2d to 4th, 6th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Newark, N. J.

6th to 9th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Spokane, Wash. 6th to 9th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Columbia, S. C. 9th to 11th, 13th-Laymen's :Missionary Movement Conv., Seattle, Wash. 9th to 11th, 13th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Dayton, Ohio. 9th to 11th, 13th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Tacoma, Wash. 9th to 11th, 13th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Greensboro, N. C. 10th to 20th-Congress on Christian Work in Latin America, Panama the new General Secretary of the Laymen's ].lissi onary Movement. 11r. Millar became joint secretary with ~fr. J. Campbell 'Vhite in 1910. He is a native of 'Yiscon si n, a graduate of Lawrence College, was general secreta ry of the T wenty-third Sttoeet Y. M . C. A. ill New York until 1895. During the war with Spain, in 1898, he took charge of the Association work fo r the army and navy. and developed this department until it has a perma nent equipment and funds of over two mill ion dollars, with about eighty secretaries and employed officers, and a work for bo t h officers and enlisted men extending all ove r the world. :Mr. Millar has had charge of the administrative side of the L ay men's :Missionary Movement's work since 1910.

There R'oom for the Jews?

A GENERAL VIEW OF THE WORLD'S SITUATION AND THE JEW'S PLACE IN IT BY THE REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F.R.G.S., TORONTO, CANADA Pastor of the Christian Synagog, and President of the Hebrew Christian Alliance of America And Jacob was left alone.-GEN. 32: 24 ~J ACOB is faithfully de- This storm-tossed life of the "First scribed as a masterly, I sraelite," is a divinely inspired pic- ~lever, resourcefttl , and tUre of the past, present and future In many ways a most of the people Israel. The Jew, with successful man. He all his amazing vitality, creative says: "With my staff ability, resourcefulness, moral and I passed over this Jordan, and now religious, and all his other attributes, I became two bands." He would be considered to-day a very wealthy •. I~ 11 mil 11m ~'l1'l1lC .~n ~D~'Il II man. He is also a very religious man who knows God, acknowledges SEARCHING FOR THE PROMISED LAND His faithfulness, and records the results of the many blessings God A cartoon from a Jewish paper. It represents the graciously bestowed upon him. Now Jew looking at the world and seeking in vain we behold this masterful man desper- for a place where he i. welcomed. ately afraid of his own brother, and in his desperation he resorts to all IS the loneliest man on the face of kinds of stratagems and humiliation GQ<LS _ ~arth. Like ,the Patriarch to appease the anger of his brother. Jacob of old, he is afraid of his But all these masterful resources are fellow men, and in spite of the many of no avail to bring peace to his lessons of Jehovah's past faithfulness, troubled soul, and we see here poor he stoops to all kinds of humjJiations broken-down Jacob left alone, in without any satisfying result. ·Modern utter darkness. In his loneliness he Israel, tho bearing that princely, Godfillds himself. wrestling ..with… a mys" given name, has not yet awakened to teriotts person and being crippled. the fact that he is at war with God, Then comes a great awakening, and and that the person with whom he is he realizes that he is at war, not with wrestling is none other than 'Jehovah a mere man, but with God. Then it -Jesus. Only when Israel has was that God gave him this new awakened to recognize that ili.e ·"Man name, Israel. This new experience changed his heart and life, and as a witness to his new faith he calls the name of the place Penuel; saying, "for I have seen God face to face." At this point "The sun rose upon him," and all his fears left him.

of Sorrows" is none other than their The Third Exile! long-rejected Messiah, their only Hope and 'King; and cry out – Names, days, and even certa ~n "Blessed is He that cometh in the hours, bear particular symbolic N arne of Jehovah," then only will the meanings to the Jew. It was of sad "Sun" rise upon them, and all sor- significance that the present great war rows and sadness will flee away. was declared on the saddest and darkest anniversary in Israel's his- Is the Jew Wanted? tory, the 9th of Ab, the anniversary of the destruction of the Temple in One of the leading Jewish news- Jerusalem. Twice, on the very same papers published a sketch of a day, but at different periods, fire was Patriarchal Jew, holding in his hand set to the Temple in Jerusalem, the Globe of the Universe earnestly and the people led into captivity, searching for a place where he is first by N ebuchadnezzar, the Babywanted, but he can not find one. He Ionian; and the second time by Titus, begins to go over them by name;- the Roman. It was by strange coinci- "Russia, I am not wanted there- dence, that on August 4, 1914, Germany, not wanted there-Rou- while the Jewish people were fasting mania, not wanted there-France, not and sitting on the bare floors of their wanted there-England; Canada; The synagogs, reciting the Lamentations United States; Palestine, I am not of Jeremiah and other sad odes, comwanted there" ; and he exclaims, "this memorating that mournful event, war is a large, beautiful world, but no was declared by the nations of the place for me!" earth. Thus was ushered in the Third Exile, which is perhaps vaster in its Let us be frank. Is the Jew fierceness than the first and second wanted? He may be tolerated, but captivities. It has brought greater he is not wanted. Whether he IS sorrows and sufferings to a larger Orthodox, Reformed, Radical or number of the "Wandering feet and Christian, he is not wanted; yet at weary breasts." the same time he is being sought after, especially by the warring na- The World-Tragedy tions. What an amazing role he is playing in this life-and-death-struggle What an inhuman tragedy is being of the nations! Students of prophecy enacted before our very eyes! We ponder over him-politicians, finan- see the Jewries of the world conciers and military experts, all care- vulsed with trials and sufferings, fully consider him. He is talked such as even they can not parallel in over, dreaded, honored, and flat- their long annals. Scattered throughtered; and yet, like Jacob of old, "he out the world and massed in the very is left alone." In this sad condition, crater of the world-war, they are like the Patriarch of old, he is paying passing through the "valley of the a very high price-trying to buy him- shadow," and are stumbling in its self into the good graces of his brooding darkness. Old problems, brother Esau, forgetting that Israel is old difficulties and sorrows have a Prince and should not stoop to such evaporated, in the one overpowering degrading humiliations. agony of the unprecedented conflict.

THERE ROOM FOR THE JEWS?

The world-struggle is searching century enlightenment and generous the very vitals of the race, stirring liberality, the Jew is still iooked upon its energies, revolutionizing its life as "a stranger within our gates," and and transforming its outlook. Five therefore, since he is enjoying the hundred and fifty thousand gallant benefits of our national institutions, Hebrew soldiers are at war, Jew en- something extra is to be expected gaged with mortal combat with Jew. from him. But is he paying a fair Four millions of them, men, women share ? We find that the total popuand children, of all ages-strong, lation of this great world is someweak, healthy and sick-have been thing like 1,623,000,000, of which driven into fun flight, haunted by the about 760,000,000, or 46 per cent. are thundering cannons, along the wasted affected by the war. The total numroads, marshy fields, bogs and wild ber of Jews in the world is not over forests; disorganized, terrorized, 14,500,000, of whom some 10,000,000 abandoning land, stock, treasures and or 68 per cent. are affected by this all the attachments of home, in order war. to save their bare lives. Hunger and starvation meet them everywhere, and There are now twelve nations as they pass through the "Valley of fighting with armies totaling at least Shadows" new horrors overtake them 20,000,000, or 2.6 per cent. of the every hour. The very life is lost in popUlation of the nations engaged. the attempt to save it. No "Prom- The Jews engaged in the war comised Land" in sight. "All hope aban- lrize the biggest army they have ever doned there!" Our hearts break as put forth. A conservative estimate, we gaze at this horror-full, grim given in the Jewish Chronicle, puts and continuously moving panorama the number, at over 550,000, or 5.5 of Israel's bitter and tragic flight. per cent. of all the Jews in the world Yes, Israel, the "World tragedy," -double the proportion of Gentiles may well cry aloud, "Is it nothing to engaged. And when we look into the you, all ye, that pass by? behold, machinery of this war and the rQ;le and see if there be any sorrow like the Jew is playing, and the results of unto my sorrow." (Lam. i: 12.) that great machinery we wonder that the nations of the earth should be Is the Jew Paying his Share? trusting to such leadership.

If we look at the contribution the Jews in Great Britain Jew is making to this world-conflict we are amazed at the role he is play- When the German Chancellor lost ing. The Jew, imperishable as ever, his temper and declared that the has been strenuously leading in all treaties with Belgium were mere the episodes of the war; in its poli- scraps of paper, he was speaking to tics, in its economy, in its finances, Sir E. Goshen, H.B.M. British Amin its organizations, in its supplies, bassador to Germany, whose father in its armies and its horrors. The was a poor Polish Jew. He came over Jew is paying a very high price to to London, England, ann wanted to the best traditions or' the race. become a clerk in a bank, but they would not take him because his hand- With all our boastful twentieth writing was bad. He wanted to be-

come a partner in the bank, but he as a "British lion." Recently he has had no money, so he opened a bank been sent as the head of a commishimself. Later he became Viscount sion to secure a colossal .loan for Goshen, P.e., and at one time First Britain, France, and Russia from Lord of the Admiralty. His son, as America. All the papers. call him the representative of the great British Lord Reading, and he is known as Empire in the German Court, stood the Lord Chief Justice and Privy up for the honor of Great Britain, Councillor of the British Empire. and did so to the satisfaction of his Sovereign. Some believe that the Jew will be the ultimate force in bringing to an The number of Jews in the British end this titanic struggle, and the Isles, according to the Jewish Chroni- balance of favor wiil come to those cle, is about 245,000. Already over nations with whom the best of the 16,000 of them have joined the ranks Jewry wiII cast their lot. Whether this and have amazed every one by their will actually come to pass we do not valor, resourcefulness, and heroism. venture to prophesy. The Right Hon. Hundreds have secured medals, and David Lloyd George told the world three have secured the most coveted at the beginning of the war, that the order, the Victoria Cross. Five He- nation which could hold on and probrews are holding positions in the duce the last few hundred millions, British Cabinet; one, Lord Reading, when all the others have been dehas become Lord Chief Justice, five pleted of their treasures, will be the are in the House of Lords, six are masters. What do we find? The Privy' Councillors, sixteen are Bar- head of the Allies' Financial Comonets, fourteen are Knights, and mission is a Jew. One of the oppoeighteen are members of Parliament. nents of the loan to the Allies is Mr. To keep Ireland in order they put a Jacob H. Schiff, the great financier, Jew, Sir Matthew Nathan, in for of German extraction. The High Secretary. Are these the Jews who Hon. Lord Reading, the British-Jeware not wanted? Evidently the lead- ish-Lion, came out victorious over ing authorities in Great Britain de- the American-German-J ewish-Blacklight to praise and honor them. Eagle, by securing a loan of $500,- 000,000 in the United States for On Lord Mayor's day, in Novem- Britain and her Allies. ber, 1914, the Prime Minister of Great Britain made a great political speech The Jews of France and referred to the remarkable success that had attended the financial The total Jewish population of measures taken by the government in France is a little over 100,000. Beconsequence of the war. He went out fore the war, in the regular army of his way to offer a eulogy in praise there were 8 Hebrew generals, 14 of a Jew. Who is this Lord Chief colonels, 21 lieutenants, 6& majors Justice? Not long ago he was plain and I07 captains; but now over 10,000 Mr. Isaacs. His father may have Jews are in the ranks, and are doing been a poor Jew, but now the Prime gallant work on land, sea and in the Minister of all the Britains delights air. General Heymans is in charge of one Army Corps. Five Jews are holdto honor him and he is being hailed

THERE ROOM FOR THE- JEWS?

ing important positions in the Cabinet. Germany with his Italian wife, a The Rothschilds, feeling that their complete failure. country has been outraged, have returned to the Austrian Emperor the The most conspicuous man in Italy title of nobility which his ancestor, a at present is M. Salvatore Barzilai, century ago, had bestowed upon them. whom King Victor Emmanuel ap- Jews in Belgium This heroic little nation that has suffered, and is suffering, so much from the ravages of this war, shelters 15,000 Jews. The relation of Belgium to Great Britain at this time is of ,utmost importance. The future of Belgium depends on the Allies, and she needs the best possible man to represent her in Great Britain-a man who is not only loyal, but a strong man with brains and character, And the man the King of the Belgians chose as his Ambassador to the Court of St. James, London, is a Jew – M. Hyman! The first man to be taken as a hostage by the Germans, when entel-ing Antwerp, was a Rothschild.

Jews in Italy SIR RUFUS DANIEL ISAACS It was not till 1870 that the Jews The Lord Chief Justice of England. A. Lord Readwere actually emancipated in Italy, ing he recently visited America to negotiate and yet they have made rapid strides, the loan for the Allies and have attained important positions of honor and trust. The total Jewish pointed as a Cabinet Minister. Gen- population is 45,000, and they have eral Othofenghi, late Minister of provided Italy lately with a Prime War, and newly made Senator, an- Minister, Signor Luigi Luzzatti other Jew, is the idol of the army.

.(1910), who previously served as Minister of Finance on six occasions. Jews in Germany Sixteen members of Parliament and fourteen Senators are Jews. The The 615,000 Jews of Germany have President of the Council of State, not yet been fully emancipated; they Signor Malvano, is the best-hated are still fighting for equality and the man in Germany, because he could removal of certain disabilities. The see through the tactics of its special prevailing anti-semitism, with all its ambassador, Prince Von Biilow, and nefarious propagandas, could not stem checkmated all his political maneu- . the tide of the onrushing progress of vers, so that he had to return to the Jew in Germany. Since the war

was started, not only have some lead- Jews in Austria-Hungary ing anti-semitic papers been supprest, but some of its leaders have The census of 19~o reports that profest conversion in favor of the Austria shelters 1,313,687 Jews and Jew on account of their loyalty! Hungary 932,416. While there are still many disabilities, and anti- German Jews have contributed their semitism has been rampant, yet in the full share toward that remarkable army they have equal rights. Before display of efficiency, both military and the war there was one Jewish fieldeconomic, which has astounded the marshall, Adolph Von Karnhaber, 6 world. In every branch of the social generals, 17 colonels, 15 lieutenantand political life the Jew has left his colonels, 48 majors, and 211 other mark. Karl Marx laid down their officers. It is estimated that since scientific foundations of socialism, the war 180,000 Jews have joined the and Ferdinand Lassalle founded the ranks. Dr. Victor Adler is the German Social Democratic party, and leader of the Democratic party. its leaders, up to the present head, Hugo Hasse, were all Jews. The A Jew at Constantinople head of the Revisionist party is Edward Bernstein, who on account of To be an ambassador at the Turkhis anti-war view is. an' exile in ish Court, and to look after the Switzerland. What an irony, that interests of one country, is enough the only man who dared to defy the to tax the energies and ability of any Kaiser' in the Reichstag, and vote man, even in times of peace. The openly against the German war loan, four or five hundred general consuls, and was not beheaded, was Herr consuls, vice-consuls and dragomans, Liebknecht, a Jew! have their hands more than full to look after the interest of their own One secret of the efficiency of the country's subjects, and the trouble German armies lies in their wonder- they get into daily; for the consul ful organization of transportation. To must act as a judge and a valuator of pick up an army of 500,000 or 1,000,- taxes, decide marriage and divorce 000 and transplant them from one questions, be a peace-maker and a scene of war to another-the import- military expert at the same time. He :mce of this task and the responsi- must also possess a brazen audacity bility of the person in charge of it is combined with a restraining political immense. He must not -only be most dignified tact. There are often capable, and with the best possible emergencies in a Turkish country, brain power, but he must be abso- and the ambassador must be alert, lutely trusted. To a Jew-Herr Ar- resourceful and ready for the occa~ thur Ballin-the Kaiser has entrust- sion. In time of peace, to represent ed the general management of all the one country adequately, keeps the German railways, and he is personally ambassador busy, but in time of war in charge of the transportation of all it is quite a different matter. Here we the German troops. This Jew who is have something unprecedented-one not wanted is most desirable now. ambassador is to take charge of the Iron crosses have been lavished galore interests of ten nations, besides those on the German-Jewish soldiers. of hfs own, and at a fearfully critical

THERE ROOM FOR THE JEWS?

time in the world's history. It is a closed to the Jew; shame and degra- Jew to whom have been trusted the dation were imposed on the Jewish lives, property and interests of eleven manhood and womanhood of dark nations within the Turkish Empire. The Honorable Henry Morgenthau, the United States Ambassador at Constantinople, has for the last fifteen months been bearing a superhuman strain with most commendable success.

The Honorable Henry Morgenthau, who arrived in the United States when three years of age, became a very successful business man. . He is now practically responsible for the lives, property, and interests in Turkey of Great Britain, France, Russia, Belgium, Servia, Montenegro, Switzerland, Denmark, Argentine Republic, Italy, and the United States. He has done his work so well that he has received the praise and gratitude of all these countries.

Is this not a most inconceivable as well as a most wonderful irony of fate? While the Jews as a race are stamped "not wanted," yet they are sought after, and the most important and most delicate as well as the most trusted positions are committed to their care! Here also is a noble Jew straining every nerve to save the lives of the poor Armenian Christians within the Turkish Empire, tho he can not protect the lives of his own people within a Christian land.

Russia and the Jews HENRY MORGENTHAU American Ambassador to Turkey Since 1882, when the new May Laws came into force, the Russian Russia, and the Jew realized the authorities have expelled the Jews hopelessness of his existence. 'fhe from all villages and holy cities, t11U~ large-hearted millionaire Baron de overcrowding the already overcrowd- Hirsh laid on the altar his whole fored Jewish Ghettos within the Pale tune of $75,000,000 to transplant the Settlement. All the universities and schools for higher education were

Jewish people from Russia to a place Russia. This was a thing that even of safety, and other Jewish philan- Jewish leaders did not expect.

thropists united with him in this Now what do we see? The three newly found hope. Their efforts were hundred and fifty thousand Russian so successful that in twelve years Jewish soldiers are not only girded (1899-1913) they stimulated an emi- and warring, but their heroism, un- gration to America alone of 1,347,- selfishness, resourcefulness and actual 599 Jews; and at least 500,000 settled leadership when emergencies occurred in Great Britain, Palestine, and other on the very battlefield, called out the parts of Europe. praises of the Grand Duke, the Com- What a tragic awakening came in mander-in-Chief of the Russian a1l9l14t,h•ewiirth a fierceness that shattered armies, who tells us that they do not fondest hope. When the stand a whit behind the best of the new census appeared in Russia, it was Russian veteran regiments: Literally found that the Russian Jewry had in- hundreds secured the highest order creased to 6,060,000, and that during for bravery, namely, that of the St.

the past fifteen years there was an George's Cross. So many have actual increase of 845,000 Jews. This bravely laid down their lives that revealed a most disappointing and some of the leading Jew-haters have disquieting situation, for the constant profest conversion. The agitation heavy emigration has been more than in their favor went so high that The neutralized by the natural increase of Globe of October I, 1915, states that the .population. While new Ghettos a Jew, M. Weinstein, has been actu- have been planted on both sides of ally elected a State Councillor of the the Atlantic, the Pale Settlement Russian Empire.

exists with all its grim misery with The tragedy comes home very close, a population driven closer to its walls. when we realize that the three hun- Six million still tremble at the word dred and fifty thousand Jewish sol- "Pogrom." That is the net result of diers are not only fighting for Russia, sixty years' striving! but they are killing their own Jewish It was at the very time of this brethren, who are serving in the op- tragic awakening, that the awful posing armies. There is still a larger nightmare of this darkest of all wars and sadder result; the six millions of in the world's history, came as a Jews in Russia have become virtually thunderbolt on the whole Jewry. But enemies of their Jewish brethren in the Russian Jews have proved that Germany and ,Austria.

there is a loyalty and a love for a Jewish Tragedies in Russia native country which surpasses all other considerations and no personal The Russia-Polish-Jewish tragedy barrier, however dark it may be, can is so momentous and pressing, that come between them and their native we can not conscientiously leave off home. Not only have the' Jews in here, without giving some actual de- Russia shown their undoubted loyalty, tails of the frightfulness and shock- but Russian Jews living in England ing suffering of the Jews in the and America and other parts of the Eastern war zone,. trusting that we Continent, went back to fight for may thus be used of God to awaken

THERE ROOM FOR THE JEWS?

a prayerful and a material interest on quires the pen of Dante adequately behalf of these unfortunate suffering to narrate. Not one Jewish soul of people. The Jewish Chronicle for all this vast population was allowed July 23, 1915, contains the following to remain, so that towns which had story of a terrible indictment: contained a large proportion of J ew- "Facts that have been detailed to ish inhabitants were deserted. Aged the present writer by friends in whose men, little children, women-even impartiality and veracity he could those hourly expecting to become have nothing but perfect confidence, mothers-some clutching to their are backed up and confirmed to a breasts their new-born babes; people large extent by an official document, insane, cripples, the blind; those who an Order of the Day, issued by the were sick unto death-there was no Russian Generalissimo. This Order exemption for any. The decree, it seems to have been promulgated in must be admitted, had at least the March last. It decreed nothing less merit of impartiality. For not only than the expulsion of all Jews from were the families of soldiers fighting military zones in Galicia, Bukovina, at the front doomed by it, but sol- and Poland. The excuse for this diers who had received permission terrible determination was an easy for furlough in their native towns, one to find ready at hand. It was the and soldiers whose bleeding wounds alleged disloyalty of the Jewish popu- were still unhealed, the Jewish lation. That allegation, needless to nurses who attended them in the say, could have been based- at most local hospitals, and even the Jewish upon the treason of a few individuals. military doctors-all had to go into But the Russian government, better- exile. Even the rage and fury of ing Burke, indicted a whole nation. battle respects the Red Cross. Shel- The decree, too, was directed, not at tered beneath that symbol are the any locality, nor at any general sec- wounded in war, and those who are tion of the population. It was a de- attendant upon the soldiers who have cree against Jews as Jews. fallen. But this decree tore away "And now we have the result. Jews whose condition entitled them Some two hundred thousand Jews to safety as if shielded by the saored who had been living in the confines sign from the terrors of belligerency, of Kovno, Kurland, and Suwalki were and it sent them with their brothers exiled by the Russian authorities, so and sisters into exile. No wonder that, in the technical language em- we read that the poor people were ployed, those districts might be 'maddened unto despair; that they 'evacuated of Jews.' Our un.for- turned and destroyed their goods tunate brethren upon whom this de- and chattels, their household gods of cree fell were compelled to obey it generations, preferring to leave be- by a short notice, varying from eight hind them the ruin of their property hours to thirty at the most. In that rather than it should fall into the time two hundred thousand people hands of their despoilers.

had to leave their homes, their pos- "It were futile to attempt to des- sessions, their all, and face-they cribe with anything like completeness knew not what! What followed re- what this horrible decree meant to

the two hundred thousand poor Jews The actual woes, sorrows, and upon whom it fell. But the order agonizing tragedy of the martyrdom for their expulsion was not the end of the Great Jewry will never be by any means of the horrors which fully told; nor are we able to comawaited them. For the conveyance prehend the magnitude of its frightof these people from their homes to fulness and its horrors. The Hon. some far-distant Eastern province, Louis de Brandeis, chairman of the there were provided some twenty-six U.· S. Government Business Com- 'extra trains,' as they were called. mittee at Washington, tells us that Each of these 'trains' consisted of no less than five hundred thousand from forty to seventy wagons, into Jews have fast their lives since the which was huddled pell-mell this war started, either on the battlefield population of misery. The poor or by the invading armies. people had been able to take with them only a few of the most neces- With Mr. Herman Landau, chairsary of their possessions, and there man of the Central Committee, we in these 'trains' they were crowded feel thai: "A cry of frenzied despair together-men, women, and children comes from those countries. The of all kinds, 'well-to-do and profes- vast cyclone of destruction, the most sional beggars,' as my correspondent formidable that the world has ever puts it, 'sound persons and infectious seen, has passed over the Jewish patients, all of them thro~n together pale of settlement. Since the time of in this living load.' None of them the Tartar invasion there has never knew whither they were going. With been a country in Europe so utterly exquisite regard for the sufferings of devastated. In many districts not a their exiled passengers, the slow- single congregation was spared; moving 'trains' were not allowed to synagogs were burnt, hospitals and stop at stations where food could be homes for aged and orphans have supplied to the poor wretches. The been destroyed and deserted. A 'trains' could stop only at a distance population full of energy, of reof at least one kilometer from any sources, and of intellectual abilities, station. But the poor stricken is at once thrown into wretched povpeople who were carted away in erty, the brunt of the terrors falling these 'trains' were, perhaps, not much upon hundreds of thousands of refuworse off than the thousands and gees." thousands for whom the 'trains' had no accommodation, but who had to Can the watchmen on the walls of leave, none the less. Twenty-eight Zion be silent at such a dark time of of the poor passengers became insane Israel's sorest distress? The words through their sufferings; typhus of the Prophet Isaiah (58: IQ-II) broke out in this 'extra train'; and should be a timely message to God's death, cruel, lingering death, was the people: "If thou draw out thy soul only mercy which it seemed to the to the hungry, and satisfy the afflictharassed victims would be shown ed soul, then shall thy light rise in obthem by a fate against which they scurity, and. thy darkness be as the were powerless." noonday, and the Lord shall guide thee continually, and satisfy thy soul in drought, and make fat thy bones;

THERE ROOM FOR THE JEWS?

and thou shalt be like a watered gar- "Great Alms for Palestine" written den, and like a spring of water, whose . upon it, and it is looked upon as a waters fail not." meritorious act to put money in that Zionism and the Future . box, which goes toward the keeping up of the Jewry in Palestine; and the We do not think it is part of the Jewish papers throughout the world Christian Church's duty to assist in were all in praise of the wonderful the restoration of the Jews to Pales- awakening, and visions and dreams tine while in unbelief; we should filled the minds of the Jews through- rather seek to point them to Moses out the world. And what do we find and the Prophets, and urge them to now? Four thous3,nd years ago the flee from the wrath to come and turn Jewish people had fled from the to God: "For thus saith the Lord bondage of Egypt and found a ha- unto the house of Israel, Seek ye Me, ven of rest in Palestine, and now, and ye shall live; but seek not Bethel, after four thousand years, 15,000 nor enter into Gilgal, and pass not to Jewish refugees have fled from Pal- Beersheba; for Gilgal shall surely go estine to find shelter in Egypt.

into captivity, and Bethel shall come Three notorious Turkish tyrants, to nought. Seek ye the Lord and ye Azymi Bey, Djemal Pasha, and Har- shall live." Amos 5: 4-6. degg Pasha, occupying positions in But as "watchmen upon the walls differeht parts of Palestine and Sy- of Zion," we must take a real inter- ria, have not left an opportunity of est in every movement within Israel. showing their ill-will toward the Jew,'

We have seen such hopeful awaken- and especially giving themselves to ings, a rejuvenation of the whole devastate and erase practically out of Jewry. Forty flourishing colonies existence all Jewish colonies; and to sprung up in the deserts of Palestine be a Zionist is now considered as a and Galilee; waste places rebuilt ; political crime.

Hebrew. became a living language The shattered hope of the Jewish throughout Palestine; ancient songs people in Palestine is, perhaps, one revived, and a new national hope al- or' the severest blows dealt to the most established. And now, the war wandering feet and weary breast.

only fourteen months in existence, all . Net Results these fond hopes and aspirations of poor Israel have evaporated. What will the J ew g~t in return The catastrophe that befel the J ew- for all his services, for his loyalty, ish hope in Palestine is very hard to and for his noble sacrifices in this realize. It is a very conservative es- war? What compensation will be timate that during the past century made to the Jew for all his losses of not less than iroo,ooo,ooo have been lives and properties? Britain and spent by the different Jewish philan- her allies pledged their honor to make thropists, such as Baron Edmund de good to poor Belgium all her losses, Rothschild and other Jewish coloni- as far as compensation could be made zation and Zionistic societies. to a nation which suffered so much!

Practically every Jew in the world But what about the Jews? Three has a little box in his house with millions have actually become beg-

gars. The forty Jewish colonies are "The settlement of the future of devastated. Five hundred thousand Palestine is a thorny question, and one have been slain, besides hundreds of which, if not carefully managed, may thousands who have lost business, lead to a whole series oL future difproperties, etc. Have any of the na- ficulties. What Palestine needs is, tions promised redress? Not a word from the material side, a great exabout it! penditure of capital to develop its devastated agricultural resources. It The Future of Paleatine will never be a rich rand, it has no mineral resources of importance; But surely the Allies will sooner there may be oil, but it has never or later take away Palestine from the been shown to be of commercial imterrible Turk, and they will give it [lortance. Agriculture must always to the Jews. We regret not even be its main support, and in this dihere to be -able to give the faintest rection there are openings for great hope for the Jew. development in afforestation, in irri- gation, and, in the hill country, in Realizing the importance of the terracing. What has been already Palestinian question, and knowing accomplished by the Jewish colonies how seriously God's people are con- -in spite of enormous political diffisidering it, we venture to give the culties-is prophetic of the great following review and possible future things which might be done under action which will be taken by Great more favorable conditions. . . . Britain and her Allies, and in this we fully agree with the well-informed "While the Eastern Church would Near East: "As the Turks have ven- never tolerate the Holy Land being tured to use Palestine as a base for in the hands of the Roman Catholics, a:n attack on Egypt, and even now and vice versa, it is even more cerare over the frontiers at several tain that England would never allow places, it is hardly possible that Pal- -as long as she is responsible for estine can be allowed to continue in the safety of Egypt-any first-class Turkish control. What this land has power to establish herself in such suffered for the long misgovernment proximity to that land. The attempt of the Turks has been witnessed by at revival of an international State tens of thousands of tourists, who after the rno,del of the medieval have had '10 opportunity of seeing 'Christian Kingdom of Jerusalem' their devastations els~where. The would be open to even greater objec- Arab natives of the land-Moslem tions, for the experience of all such and Christian-have long looked for attempts-as witness the latest exdeliverance, and to-day reliable in- periment in Albania-is that a proformation shows that there is no con- tected semi-independent international siderable sympathy in any part of government would be very soon a Palestine with the Turkish ventures, nest of international intrigues and and that the Germans there, tho rivalries. masters of the armies, are so disliked that in the event of any rising against "The third great interest is the Christians they would almost cer- Jewish. It is well known that the tainly be the first victims. whole Jewish world has been stirred

THERE ROOM FOR THE JEWS?

hy the movement of 'Zionism,' and tions are in sharp conflict with each Ina!1), thousandf< cherish the hope other. It is not likely that the loyal 'hat the Hebrew race may find a German or Austrian Jew will see eye center for ~beir religion and race in to eye with his co-religionist of Rus- the land of their forefathers. Many sia, France, or England in the politi- wealthy Jews, moved by a sentiment cal development of even Palestine for of what one may almost call patriot- many years to come. . . . ism, and by the more practical desire "The fourth interest in Palestine is to find some way out of the difficul- Moslem. To the whole Moslem world ties that beset so many of the hum- Jerusalem is one of the most sacred bler members of their race in vari- spots on earth, only second to the ous lands. are prepared, if security holy cities of Arabia. The possesof property can be guaranteed, to sion of Jerusalem, together with Mecput very much capital into schemes ca and Medina, gives the Sultan of for developing the land. The Jews Turkey the claim to be recognized as are the only people who have any . the Khalif of Islam. Not long ago great desire to settle permanently on the Moslems of India were stirred to the land. Any scheme, therefore, their depths because of the rumors which is considered for the future of that the inviolability of the Sacred Palestine must allow for them. The Rock in the Haram (the Temple Jew is prepared to colonize the land. Area) had been desecrated by some to develop it, and to make life there English explorers. Any attempt conhealthy and prosperous on a scale nived at by Britain to take the Sawhich no other nation is likely to at- cred Sites, especially those in Jerutempt. Why not, therefore, make salem and Hebron, from Moslem over the land to the Jews? This is control would shake the confidence the serious proposal of' some who of millions of loyal Moslems in the view the question rather as an his- British Empire. While Christians detorical or religious than a prac{ical sire freedom of access to their Holy question. Apart from the very seri- Sites, and Jews, above all, the right ous objections which would certainly of settlement (mostly in parts of the be raised by the Christian powers, land of no special religious interest and by Russia in particular, and the to the churches), the Moslem views even greater difficulty, to be men- the actual possession of. the land as tioned shortly, from the Moslem side, to him of vital importance. For this the practical difficulties from the reason, if for no other, England was purely Jewish standpoint are im- willing, even at great loss to the land mense. Altho the Jews are one of and its inhabitants, to continue to the most ancient of races, they are prop up the Turkish regime. This to-day members of a number of na- having gone, where is a substitute to tions, and certainly all those who are be found? . . . Europeans are too thoroughly identi- "Britain should strive to undo the fied with the nations of which they mistake she made in r840, when she are members to renounce their politi- intervened on behalf of the Porte cal and national interest even in Pal- and wrested Palestine from the Egypestine. Some, at least, of these na- tian rule, to which it had been ceded

by Turkey seven years before. How None of the nations can in the far different had the prosperity of least determine Israel's peculiar des- Palestine been had it formed all tiny. Before Israel's restoration takes these years an integral part of Egypt. place, there must be a reconciliation. Now, under an independent Sultan The foundations of a resting-place of Egypt, Palestine should be once for scattered Israel in Palestine can again brought back to its natural only' be laid on the "stone which the owner. . . ., There is hardly any pos- builders rejected." Jehovah alone sible plan which would so further the will build up Zion, and He will lay Jewish prospects of colonization, as it for its f~:lUndation "A tried stone, a is quite certain there is no Power precious stone, a sure foundation." which looks upon them ~ore sympa- (Isaiah 28: 16. Jer. 31: 8-ro.) thetically than the British government. Palestine has seldom in his- When will the sun begin to shine tory been able to stand alone, .and in upon Israel? Like the first Israelite, the linking: of this land again to it was not till after he was wounded Egypt a step would be taken in keep- that he recognized the Person with ing both with the indications of geog- whom he was wrestling. It was raphy and the teachings of the past. then that he "called the name of the place Penuel: For I have seen God This will not only satisfy the face to face, and my life was premodern Zionistic leaders, whose cry served." It was after this awakenis, 'a legally assured home' for the ing of the Patriarch and recognition homeless Israelites, but this would of the Person, which resulted in reactually harmonize with the true conciliation, that peace' came. It was prophetic vision of Isaiah 19: 23-25 : then that "The sun rose upon him." "In that day shall there be a highway out of Egypt to Assyria, and the The descendants of the first Israel- Assyrian shall come into Egypt, and ite must also first of all recognize the the Egyptian into Assyria, and the Person with whom they are wrestling, Egyptians shall serve with the As- Who alone can bless them and grant syrians. In that day shall Israel be unto them peace. (Zechariah 12: 10.) the third with Egypt and with Assyria, even a blessing in the midst of Then and then only, when Israel the land. Whom the Lord of hosts shall be reconciled to the long-lookedshall bless, saying, Blessed be Egypt for and rejected Messiah, the sun my people, and Assyria the work of will begin to shine upon them, and my hands, and Israel mine inheri- the voice of singing and complete retance." joicing will be again heard through- out Jerusalem. Has Israel's Sorrow Ended? At this momentous time in Israel's Israel's bitter cup of sorrow, full history, the voice of God speaks auas it is, has not come to ,an eJ;ld. The dibly to His waiting people in the climax has not come. We believe words of the Prophet Isaiah 62: 6-7, that the above plans undoubtedly will R. V;: "Ye that are the Lord's rebe followed, but even this will not membrancers, take ye no rest, and afford the Jew an abiding-place of give him' no rest, till he establish, rest. and till he make Jerusalem a praise in the earth.",

With Buddhist

A PRACTICAL STUDY OF ~EUGIOUS UFE AND FAITH IN SIAM BY ROBERT ,E. SPEER, NEW YORK A~th'o! of uMissions arid Modern History"

( gI F a Buddhist were to meet with official leaders whom we ~ visit Ameri~a to learn could not commend, but whom he , what Amencan Chris- would be justified in regarding as men of authority. He might meet tianity is, how would them also at unpropitious times, or ~ we wish him to pro-, ·.,d them careless or hasty or super- ficial or incompetent. But we could ceed? not complain of his forming his own conclusions and reporting to his people We would urge him, first of all, to at home a judgment based on these three sources of information, our sa-, read the New Testament. If he had cred books, our common life, and our religious teachers. not already done this, he would glad- In just these ways we have been ly do it, and be happy to find that seeking to study the religious life of Siam and the character of Siamese the original, authoritative books of Buddhism. I shall try to set down here some report of our talks with Christianity were so small and so ac- Buddhist priests.

cessible. But he would probably say One conversation was with a group of young priests in a new, gaily decthat he knew from experience that orated temple in the city of Prae, in northern Siam. Most of the temthe actual religious life of a nation is ples which one sees in Siam are either very old or else, by reason of often widely at variance with its sa- wear or neglect, have the appearance of old age. Hitherto the repair of cred scriptures. He, would also say temples which others have built has not been regarded as a means of that one of the things in which he making religious merit. The King is seeking to introduce a different senwas most interested was the character timent and to persuade men that the preservation of the old temples is as and amount of this variance, and meritorious as the erection of' new. This temple was either new or as what he, would like most of all would good as new. Elephant bells hung around the cornice and along the be to' wander among the common roof-ridge. The pillars and door- ways were glittering with colored people arid study their daily life, with its moral practises and religious observances.

We would answer that his method'

of procedu.re was just, but that we would be sorry to, have him judge American Christianity in this way, as many of our people are only perfunctory Christians or Christians not at all in any deep, personal way.

We should like to have him check the judgments which he might gather from such general observations by per!onal interviews, with our relig- ious leaders. It might be with mis- givings that we would urge this course upon him. He could so easily

glass and new gilt. The great ala- "Above us," they answered, pointbaster-faced image of Buddha gazed ing upward. passively down the temple walls, newly painted with scenes of Bud- "Is Buddha God?" dha's earthly life. "Surely, yes," they declared. "And is he the only God?" A dozen young priests and some "No, there is another one who is boys from the temple school gath- to come from heaven, too, the Budered around us. We asked them dha of mercy, Prah alaya mettai." when Buddha was born, and in what When we prest them further about country he had lived. the meaning of religion and the' thought of God, they could only "0," said they, "he lived so long answer that they knew that Buddha ago that we do not know when or was he, that the idol was not God, where it was." but the image of him. It was a friendly group, eager to We asked if they could tell us, .hear our questions, and earnest in then, any facts about him? What he their answers, but most of them were had done or said? Did they know only boys, representative of that what he had taught ab-out God? great host of lads, who, after the an- cient but now relaxing custom of "No," said they, "we are sorry we Siam, are expected to spend a few can not tell." months at least in the priesthood be- fore going out to take up the re- We a~ked if there WaS not some- sponsibilities of men. They did not thing else about which they could know much, and their ignorance was tell us about what he had taught representative of the religious ideas men. of great masses of the people. Before we judge too harshly, how- "0, yes," they said, "he taught us ever, it would be well for us to rethe Siamese and Lao languages." flect upon what a Buddhist visitor to America might meet with under cor- "What was this great idol looking responding circumstances in our own down upon us?" we asked. land.

"It is the image of Buddha," they At a Buddhist Ordination replied. "He gave us thi.s image and told us that it was a true. image, and From this, let us turn to a converbade us to worship it." sation Qf a quite different character with a clever, intelligent, open-heart- "Can Buddha hear and help?" we ed priest in the Pak oi Wat in asked. Chieng MaL "Yes, he can," they replied. It was the fifteenth day of the "Well, then, is he not in Ni,rvana, waxing moon, one of the Buddhist and in Nirvana is it not true that holy days, and I had gone to the men neither see nor hear nor feel, Wat with the hope of attending a but are freed from all consciousness Buddhist service with Dr. Campbell and action and desire?" of Chieng Mai, a missionary who Of these things they could not say, knows the sacred hooks of Siamese and of what Nirvana might be they could not tell. "Well, then," we asked, "where IS Buddha ?" "In heaven," they replied. "And where is heaven?"

WITH BUDDHIST PRIESTS

Buddhism and understands the way~ a great love in their hearts for Budto human hearts, including the hearts dha?" of priests. Entering the temple, we found that we had come upon a sort {{They hesitate to reply for themof ordination service. Two young selves," said the older priest, "but I men were passing from the first to will answer for them. They are, inthe second order, from the diaconate deed, truly devoted to the Buddha's to the full priesthood as it were. The religion, and desire to give their lives older priest, who was conducting the to it." service, saw us as we stood in the doorway, and cordially invited us to "And will Buddha help them and come in and to sit down near him. be with them?" I asked. "Do they The two young priests were seated love him as their friend, and have on mats before the altar, on which, they the comfort of his companionraised high, were three images of ship ?" Buddha draped in yellow and white and red. Beside each of the young "Oh, no," was the reply; "Budmen lay a great pile of gifts, new dha i5 gone to Nirvana, and he can yellow robes, pillows with ends em- 110t hear or help or walk with m~n. broidered in silver, white umbrellas, We have only what he was and what candles, pieces of colored, printed he taught. It was for that reason cloth, new begging-bowls with red that he left this image, that we might and yellow bands to hang them about remember him and the way which he the neck, brass basins, and, near by, found." for each young priest, a great dinner waiting in a dozen different "But," we urged, "is there no God bowls arranged on a tray. Behind to whom they can look for help?" the boys were members of their families, mothers especially, and "Oh, yes," said he, "they pray toother women kin for whom such an ward the Coming One." He meant act as this of the boys was the the next Buddha, whose coming greatest possible merit-making. These Buddha foretold, and whom, far and had their little bowls of fruit and wide, the Siamese Buddhists, at flowers, whose heavy fragrance filled least, dimly expect, and some of the temple. them not dimly but earnestly.

We hesitated to intrude on such a "But where is the Coming One?" ceremony, but one of the young we inquired. "Is he not somewhere priests picked up a cigarette and now where he can be reached?" lightec;l it, pleased apparently at the interruption, and the older priest in "No," said the priest, "he is not charge was so genial and urgent that born yet." we came in and took our places beside him. "But, surely," we said, "there must be some God back of all these men "I am a stranger from abroad," I who are not and who then are born said, Dr. Campbell translating, "may and who then die and are not any I ask whether these young men have more. The world was here, and men and women were here before Buddha came. Who made these?"

"Yes," he answered, "all these were here before Buddha, but there was no God before him, nor any need of God. People were all good

then and n~eded no deliverance from priests, who held a great fan up- sin and no revelation of a Way, but right before his face and recited they fell into evil. Then in mercy, slowly the five commandments. Then, Buddha came down to give them while the temple attendant laid the belp." offering of fruit and food before the images, he prayed for their accept- It was early morning, and we had ance with many a monotone of Budmade appointments which called us dhist prayer and in ideas never away, but we asked our friend learned from Buddhism but caught whether some time during the day from Christian influence, asking the country people would not be com- "that we all might be brought to the ing in with their offerings. Could heavenly home where death and sorwe come back then ? "Yes, indeed," row may not come." he said, "by all means." He would be glad to have us return early in Then our friend, the priest, took the afternoon when the people would up the conversation again. He asked be there. what my work was. Why had I come so far? And exprest the hope So early in the afternoon we re- that my errand might be prosperous. turned. Alas! the temple doors were locked, and we went away disap- I replied that I was traveling to pointed at our loss and also in the see the minds of men, and was chieftrush~orthiness of our friend of the morning. We had scarcely left the ly interested in what men thought temple grounds, however, before we about God and the world, and in the saw coming toward us a procession truth that they believed they had of yellow-robed priests, followed by found.

worshipers bearing bowls of lac- He said that this was good, that all quer and silverware filled with of- men must seek the truth and- could ferings. In the midst of them was only rest when they thought they our friendly priest. He greeted us had found it.

cordially, and told us that they were I replied that the truth that I had now on their way to the temple with found, which seemed the best of all the offerings. Would we not return truths, was that God who had made with him? So we joined th~ proces- all the world was the Father of us sion and went back. men and loved us and would live The temple doors were unlocked with us.

and we passed in. The two young "Even so," he said, "all men seek priests resumed their places, and, happiness. Surely in heaven it will just behind them clean mats were be found, and beyond heaven there spread for us. Beside us, on a raised is Nirvana."

platform, sat the older priest, talk- "Yes," I answered, "but I do not ing freely with us and explaining all want a Nirvana beyond heaven, an that was done. Behind us sat the extinction beyond joy. Lives I love other folk with their offerings, the have gone forward into those strange sweet, heavy odors again filling the places, and I want to meet them and temple. A temple attendant brought know them again." .

the offerings to one of the younger "Oh," said he, "I believe that even

WITH BUDDHIST

in Nirvana we shall have our friends The opinion of such a priest as and know and be known." this would be valuable, and I told The chant of the man who was praying before the images rose and him that I was in doubt as to the fell. "To whom," I asked, "is the man praying?" meaning of Nirvana. Did it mean, "To Buddha," answered he. I asked, as some held, complete ex- "And is Buddha God?" "Yes," he replied, "I think of him tinction, or did it mean conscious as 'God." "Why, then, the idols; these three bliss? Which of these was the goal in yellow and red and white?" "Oh," said he, "to please Buddha, and hope of Buddhism? men may rightly make these images, one man one, and another another, "I think Nirvana will be a place until there are many, tokens of our love, symbols of our remembrance." of perfect conscious happiness," he I brought away, when we left; one of his old rosaries which he gave me answered. ' and sent back to him some gifts, including the New Testament, which "Will we know one another there?" he promised to read. It will confirm to him that hope of the future life "I do not think we shall." which he did not learn from Buddha but which glows irrepressibly in the "Is Buddha there?" human heart. "Yes." A Roadside Conversation "Where is Nirvana?" Another conversation was one hot afternoon on the road between Lam- "I do not know." poon and Me Tah, when we stopt to rest in the shade beside a wayside "Will we know Buddha there ?" market booth in the forest. A little boy with paralyzed legs crept on his "Yes, I think we will." hands and knees from out a nearby hut and an aged, blind woman fol- "Who will attain Nirvana?" lowed begging alms. A Buddhist priest sitting near by might or might "Those who have obeyed and folnot have seen them. He was from a monastery near Lambang, and had lowed Buddha." been at Lampoon helping at the funeral service of a great priest there. "What will become of that great The number of priests in many of the temples has fallen off, so that majority of men who never heard of men must be called sometimes from other cities to these services. Buddha ?"

"I do not know."

"Well, if Buddhism is so good and indispensable, are Buddhists doing anything to spread the knowledge of it through the world?"

"I do not know."

"Do you not think that if they be- lieve in it they ought to spread it?"

"Oh, if any are trying to do so, well and good; and if not, good and well."

A missionary sitting by gave some help to the old blind woman, but the priest rose and went ,on his way.

The Chief Priest of Buddhism The Buddhist Church in Siam ap- pears to be a very loose institution, with nothing either in its local tem- ples or in its national system at all corresponding to the efficiency and

compactness of our church organiza- he added, "but the only one which I tion; but there is a head or chief would approve is Rhys Davids's."

priest of all Siamese Buddhism, We asked whether Buddhism real- Prince Vajiranana, an uncle of the ly was one religion or wheth~r Sia- King of Siam, and one of our most. mese Buddhism differs radically interesting conversations was with from the Buddhism of Japan and him. He was a small, lithe man, of China, and also if, judging from the ascetic appearance, clad in a simple conversations which we had had with yellow robe, characteristic of Bud- Siamese priests, Siamese Buddhism dhist priests in Siam, in accordance' must not be regarded as widely difwith the traditions that Buddha chose ferent also from the Buddhism of' this style of dress because of its rude Ceylon. "Certainly," we continued, "the thoroughgoing Buddhists of or despised associations. The Prince Ceylon regard Nirvana as annihilaunderstood English and spoke it tion or extinction, and of all whom slowly and accurately, but in the we have met in Siam, only one man warmth of conversation constantly could tell us of having ever heard dropt i4: for Siamese, and asked to a Siamese Buddhist speak of extinchave most that was said in English tion as the goal of being." interpreted. "Yes," replied he, "northern and In the large audience room of his southern Buddhism are distinctly dif-.

palace, in connection with one of the ferent and, beside this radical dif- great temples of the city, was a sort ference, there are many sects in Bud- of throne pulpit from which he re- dhism just as there are in Protes- ceived in state, but he met us in a tantism, but I do not think that these most friendly and simple fashion in sects matter much in either case. I a small adjoining library. Several can tell the difference between Prot- missionaries were in the party, and estantism and Roman Catholicism, he knew well who we were and why but not between the Protestant de- we had come, and met us with the nominations."

cordiality and responsiveness of a vVe asked whether our impression gentle and truly religious man. His was correct that the Buddhism of spirit, far from being passive and in- Siam differs from the Buddhism of ert, was vivacious and intensely alive. Ceylon fundamentally in its idea of We told him that we were more the ultimate life of the soul.

deeply interested in the religion of "Perhaps it does," he said. "As Siam than in anything else that ~e for myself, I believe in the trans- had seen, and wondered whether he migration of the soul, which is an could recommend any book in Eng- older idea than Buddhism and has lish, if possible, which gave a just been taken up by it, and which prom- account of the Buddhism of Siam. ises the soul a final purification and "I could name several books on the an eternal conscious happiness after subject," he answered. Then, ignor- the long struggle between good and ing such books as Fielding Hall's evil has been' wrought out. Some "The Soul of a People,'" and Ala- years ago," he continued, "Dr. John baster's "The Wheel of the Law," Fox, secretary of the American Bi-

WITH BUDDHIST

bleSociety, on his visit to Siam, pre- "But," we asked, "do not Budsented me with a Bible and asked me dhists worship Buddha as God?" to read it. He told me that he would pray for me as he read. I have read "No," he replied, "certainly they it, and think that ·the New Testa- do not. Buddha is simply a great ment idea of eternity is very much teacher who discovered the way and the same as the Siamese Buddhist left behind the treasure of his exconception of Nirvana. Some I know ample and his teaching." teach that Nirvana means extinction, but I do not believe this. I think "But," we asked again, "do not that evil will be extirpated and that Buddhists have an idea of God begood will abide, and that the soul yond Buddha, of a supreme personal will come at last through all the ruler of the universe?" wheeling processes of its experience to perfect holiness and calm:" "No," he answered, "none. The universe is not to be explained in He had read in the Bible of the terms of creation and sustenance by Holy Spirit and Satan, powers of a personal God. The world and all good and evil that now work and things, mountains and trees, stars and war in man. These powers Bud- suns, are all simply the effects o~ dhism recognized, he said, but only natural causes, and these causes are as forces not as in any sense per- themselves the effects of causes sonal. Indeed, he could not accept which preceded them. Buddhism the Bible teaching regarding a per- knows only Buddha and nature, but s~nal God and Jesus Christ as a per- it has no personal God nor any idea sonal deity. He could not embrace of God at all." any conception of personal deity. There was no flinching. It was "Does this view," we asked, "ac- the most authoritative voice in Siacount for the use of images of Bud- mese Buddhism, and it disclaimed dha, which might take the place of God. a personal thought of God?" A Symbolic Painting "Images," he answered, "are simply a reminder. They were original- In the great throne hall, begun by ly forbidden.in Buddhism; but it is the late 'King of Siam and now neareasy to explain their origin. In my ing completion, there is an interesting own case you may have noticed in symbolic painting high up on the the adjoining room a throne or pul- wall above the entrance from his pit. When my friends want me to Majesty's palace. At the top of the come to" some distant part of the picture and painted with a skill that country, I find they have an altar makes it stand out as tho it were ready. for me on which I may sit. carved relief, is a great image of Even in my case it would be an easy Buddha. Just below is the Siamese thing for my friends to take the next throne with the King seated upon it, step, and, during my absence, to put and gathered around are the repremy image there as a reminder of me. sentatives of the great religions of This is all that the images of Bud- the world. Its meaning is not altodha are." gether clear. The Siamese gentle- man who explained the picture to us did not regard it as representing the

submission of all religions to Bud- knowledge? Can men who have God dhism, but rather as the friendly as- refrain from offering Him to men sembly of all in the tolerant freedom who have not? Whatever truth we which has prevailed in Siam. have, are we not bound both to hold and to propagate?" We asked Prince Varjiranana what he thought the future of religion in "Your Royal Highness," asked one the world would be. Would there of the missionar~es, as we were about be just one religion throughout all to leave, "is it right for Buddhist the earth? If so, would that reli- parents who have a Christian son to gion be some one of the present re- try to force him into the Buddhist ligions, or a composite of them all, priesthood, and ought such a son, or a new religion? Or would each out of filial loyalty, against his conreligion keep in general its own pres- victions, to enter the priesthood to ent territory? make merit for those he loves?"

"No," he replied, "there will never "N0," replied the Prince and chief be one. Traditions and family loy- priest, speaking straight as a man. alty; the conservatism of race and of "No; men should be true to their individual conviction, national and real convictions." Then he added personal obligations will hold men to kindly to the missionary who had their own inherited faiths." asked the question, and who had been a long time in Siam, "1 hope that you How, we might have asked, but will stay in our country and will not did not, under such a principle, could go away." Buddhism or any other religion ever have begun? The missionary will stay and mis- sions will stay. They have a word "All religion," he continued, "is for Siam which Buddhism has never essentially the same. Strip. away the spoken and can never speak, the ceremonies and the doctrines, and the word of a living God come close to ethical substance which is left is the humanity and saying, "I am come a common law of truth and honesty light unto the world. He that foland love. The unification of man- loweth me shall not walk in darkness kind in obedience to this common but shall have the light of lIfe. I moral law, and in the bonds of hu- am come that ye may have life and man brotherhood is the real goat All that ye may have it abundantly. I proselytism is sectarian· and ought go to prepare a place for you, and not to be." if I go I will come again and re- ceive you unto myself that where I "But is the spread of truth pro- am there ye may be alsol . . . Come selytism?" we might have asked. "Is unto me and be alive forevermore." it not the duty of those who know or who believe they know to share their THE TESTIMONY OF A KING Chulalongkorn, the late King of Siam, said publicly: "American missionaries have done more to advance the welfare of my people than any other foreign influence."

OUT TO ATTEND A VILLAGE MEETING IN NORTH

Breaki~g With Idols In India A GLIMPSE OF THE MAS'S MOVEMENT IN INDIAN VILLAGES BY MRS. THOMAS S. GLADDING,*' MONTCLAIR, N. J.

~~~~~~aINE calm evening in cottage wall on which were pasted up to dry the round cakes of dung- O ~ April, 1913, I sat on "India's wood pile" as a missionary the porch of adak called it. bungalow (govern– ment rest-house) in On this evening I saw in reality northwest India, think- the smoke of only one fire. Before ing how true to life was Kipling's me stretched the great north road of description of "the smoky Indian India on its way from the northwest evening." In imagination I could to Calcutta. Under the trees near see the smoke rising from one hun- by was a characteristic encampment -dred thousand little fires near where some Indian teamsters with one hundred thousand low huts their white bullocks were tarrying for where the evening rice was being rest and food before traveling on by cooked in 'big earthenware pots. I moonlight. The bullocks, released had seen many a village woman with from the heavy yoke, were slowly a large basket on her head, scraping eating their evening meal. The men up with her bare hands the cow- were smoking and chatting and waitdung by the road, to be dried and ing for their rice to cook. used as fuel for these same fires. In north India I had seen many a We had come by train from Delhi to spend a day with Mr. and Mr".

• Mr. and M…. Gladding have recently returned from a two years' tour of the mission field durin&' which they had many most interesting experiences.-EDlTOR.

Wilson of the Methodist Mission in where a number of the people had touring among certam villages, a already accepted Christ. This was part of the wide territory where they an apostolic call, and the welcome have had a wonderful manifestation given to the Wilsons, the Indian of the mass movement. preacher and their guests was pa- By government permission they thetic in its warmth and wistfulness.

were using the dak bungalow as a Some songs were sung, and the vil- base for their touring in that part lagers were put through a simple of the country. They had brought catechism. "Who is God?" "Who their cook and some camping sup- is Jesus Christ?" etc. Words of en- plies from their Delhi home. They couragement were spo~en, and an had a small sleeping-room in the offering was taken, as Mr. vVilson bungalow, we had another; arid their said, "in order that you may. help third guest, an Iowa clergyman, otber people to hear this same Gos- slept in the dining-room. pel that you have heard." Out from The following morning we started hidden and supposedly impossible for our long day's drive in three places in loose cotton garments were ekkas-we two ladies on one, Mr. produced bits of money, and to our Wilson and his Indian preacher on surprize the collection amounted to a second, and Mr. Gladding and the about sixty cents. The money was Iowa clergyman on the third. An given with a charming eagerness and ekka is a springless native cart, with an evident joy in having a part in high wheels and a little wooden plat- spreading this wonderful new Gospel form above the wheels on which the o-f which they had so recently heard.

passenger is expected to curl him- The whole company accompanied llS self up in as small a compass as through the dust to where our ekkas possible. The driver balances him- stood waiting and gave us an affec- self on the front of this platform tionate farewell.

and directs each passenger where he In the second village we sat down '

sila,!1 sit in order to give the right upon the string beds brought out into balance for the comfort of the native the open for our comfort, and again pony. Mr. Gladding describes an the people were asked the simple, ekka as an instrument of torture, direct questions of the catechism and a missionary says: "The cart which Mr. Wilson had prepared for IS about as comfortable as riding in them. Again they sang the songs a wheelbarrow, only that you would recently taught them, and learned have more room to distribute your- some new ones, and an offering was self about and shift your points of taken with a surprizingly generous tnisery in the wheelbarrow." In our result. One man gave a fowl which long drive of thirty-two miles, part of would be sold and the money turned the time over what they call kufcha, into the treasury. The bird, with its or poor-roads, we had ample oppor- legs tied, was made as comfortable tunity to test all the possibilities of as possible, and was Mr. Wilson's discomfort to be found in an ekka. traveling companion on his ekka plat- Our first visit was to the outcaste form for the rest of the day.

portion of a dusty country viIIage One villager, a tall man with a

WITH IDQLS IN

beaming face, insisted on holding "Brother," he responded, "I wrll over me a battered cotton umbrella drink where the other ekkas drink." as I sat in the hot sun. When I asked Mr. W ilson to thank him, he When we came to a second roadtouched his right hand to his fore- side well, with a clump of trees head in a graceful salaam, and said: nearby, we all stopt for luncheon. "You are our father and our Our ekka men unharnessed their mother." ponies and gathered from a field great armfuls of a grain whose fruit Once more the little company was very like a pea in a green pod. walked with us to our carts, urging T here is an unwritten law or custom 500 PEOPLE GAT HERI N G FOR THE MEETING AT WHICH PEOPLE WERE BAPTIZED IN ONE DAY the Wilsons to come again soon. in India permitting the passer to Before long we were on our way in gather a reasonable armful of the the hot sun along a bumpy road, for grain for himself and his beast. The we had left the rn,ain highway and ponies ate the unripe stems and pods, were going across country. Our and the men ate with apparent relish driver talked continually to his pony the green peal ike seeds. From our in picturesque Indian fashion, and point of view it seemed a very poor . Mrs. Wilson translated as we went meal for human beings. along. We encamped under the trees and "Now, my daughter," he would ate our luncheon of cold chicken, say, "we are coming to a big hole bread and butter, and tea from our in the road. Be brave, be brave!" thermos-bottles. Chicke~ i~ india can, hardly be called luxurious fare, Once we passed some men draw- as the fo~ls . are usually very tough ing water at a roadside .well. They and ' stdngy~ They must be eaten called out to our driver, inviting him s>on after. they .are killed, ~s the t~ ' stop and have " a cool drink.

climate is hot and there is not the men of our party, a little distance luxury of ice. away. The mohalla was a hollow An itinerant conjurer appeared square, three sides being formed by with his assistant, squatted in front low mud cottages facing on the of us, and .proceeded to give us his square, each with its single door for entertainment. He was a tall man, entrance, light, and air. The fourth with long hair falling upon his shou1- side of the square WaS formed by a clers, which he tossed back now and low wall, in which was a narrow then with graceful gestures. His gate, the only entrance to the en- hands were like the hands of most closure.

In'dians, slender and well-shaped, and First came salutations, greetings, he used them most dramatically. He and some catechizing, and then fol- flashed in the air a basket to show lowed the listing of the popUlation us that it was empty, turned it upside of the .entire mohalla, the Indian down on the ground, lifted it, and pastor writing down the names of lo! there was a cooing dove. Again each householder and his whole he flashed the basket in the air and family. The Chaudhri or village turned it over the pretty dove. When headman, a dignified old man, acted he lifted it there were two doves as informal host. After the roll was standing side by side. "Make four taken Mrs. Wilson quietly said to doves come," said Mrs. _Wilson. the women that as they were to be, The man showed his white teeth in baptized and to trust themselves to a burst of laughter. "It's hard Christ they must remove the charms enough to make two come," he said, and amulets which they wore to ward "I couldn't make four come." off the evil eye and to protect them- We gave him a modest tip for his selves from disease. This was in- little show, and he seemed quite deed a test of faith. But the wo- happy. Then we started on again men began to untie bits of stone and refreshed for our last and most im- metal which were fastened around portant visit. We were to see the their necks by dirty pieces of string, people in the outcaste ward, or mo- and gave them over to Mrs. Wilson's halla, of a third village, and the en- keeping. One woman hesitated to tire company were to be baptized into take from her baby's tiny wrist a the Christian faith if they showed little round stone tied with its bit themselv~s ready fa; baptism. of string. "Oh, mem sahib, that We found the people of the mo- keeps my baby from taking cold,"

halla, which Mr. Gladding said might she said anxiously. However, she well be called "mud-hollow," waiting finally decided to take it off, and to for us with the same eager and beam- trust herself to the new Lord of ing expectation that had character- whom sh,'! had so recently heard.

ized the other villagers. String beds It is an interesting principle in the were brought out, and the company work of these missionaries that every crystalized into two groups, the wo- act of faith shall be actually com- men squatting around Mrs. Wilson mitted by the people themselves, so and myself, th'e men sitting on their that MrS. Wilson did not herself heels, Indian fashion, around the remove the .charms. Mr. Wilson

WITH IDOLS IN INDIA

said that one reason why he took of faith for the entire mohalla of these long journeys, not trusting bap- lhout sixty people, by which they tisms to his native preachers alone, would commit themselves to their was .because he wished to be sure new belief.

that the people took each step them- Here the people halted. One could selves after its importance had been see by their faces that they feared explained to them. They would some calamity might befall th~ if never be able to say in the future, they should commit what had so "We did not do it. The padre sahib lately seemed to them an impious took the responsibility." • and defiant act. Just here occurred While the women grouped around Mrs. Wilson were divesting them- selves of their so-called charms down to the last bit of stone on its dirty string, the men were also doing the same thing. Then came the breaking- down of the altars in each of the little cottages. The altars were simply low mud platforms built against the wall, on which were of- fered bowls of rice, sweetmeats, and fruit.

Each householder broke up the low altar in his own house, the en- tire company of his fellow villagers attending him. One cottage was found locked and its mistress was THE MAN WHO BROKE DOWN THE IDOL'S ALTAR said to be away. Mr. Wilson quietly said that no baptisms could take the most striking and dramatic in- place until the cottage door was cident of a memorable day. Soon oRened and the altar, if there were after our arrival a young man, ap- an altar, was broken down. The parently paralytic from the waist owner was found in a surprizingly down, had been brought into the short time, opened her door, and enclosure by his wife and a neigh- broke down her altar. bor, and had been seated on the Then came the last and greatest ground. He had a bright, intelligent trial of faith. In the midst of the face, and had watched with the dusty mohalla square stood a tree, greatest interest the procedure of the and around the tree a mud altar had afternoon. I supposed that he looked been built up, about waist-high. On on simply with the curiosity of an this platform were offered the sacri- invalid to whom any change from fices ()f rice and fruit to Lal Beg, the monotony of helplessness was the god of the sweeper caste, for the welcome.

prosperity and health of all the When the people were hesitating mohalla. To break down this altar and talking among themselves about would be to perform a collective act, the destruction of Lal Beg's altar,

this man suddenly spoke out: "If no you had a fourth child," said the one else will break down the altar Indian preacher, consulting his list.

I will do it!" he said. A thrill went "He is only a baby and he is asleep.

through the company, and wiIIing Shall we bring him out ?" "Yes,"

hands picked him up and carried him said Mr. Wilson, "we want you to to the altar where he was placed on the platform. Some one handed him be baptized as a family." So the a small pick used in the fields, and sleeping boy of two was brought with this he hacked away with a will out, and the hand of the preacher at the sun-dried mud, breaking it was placed upon his forehead while into pieces. "This can not hurt us," the words of baptism were prohe called out as he worked. "This nounced. Next came the Chaudhri is only mud. This can not answer us and his family, the old man's white when we pray. We should pray to hair shining in the moonlight when God. He hears us, He can answer he removed his big turban. us." As he spoke he pointed dramatically upward. The men all removed their tur- bans, the shy women pul1ed their It was a thrilling moment, wholly mantles closer over their faces, the unexpected by the villagers and the hand of the officiating mmlster missionaries. One felt a wave of being slipt under the veil to rest reassurance and joy go through the upon their hair.

crowd, pressing clos~ to the man as It was an unforgettable sight; the he sat on the broken altar. "Where little village shining white in the did you first hear of God?" asked moonlight, the kneeling people, the Mrs. Wilson. "Fifteen years ago, hush over all, the quiet voice of the mem sahib," he replied, "I was a missionary committing them to .the boy working on the roads in Simla new faith "in the name of the [some hundreds of miles away]. A Father, the Son, and the Holy miss sahib used to have us come in Ghost."

for tea and cakes and taught us It was almost nine o'clock when hymns. Ever since then I have had we departed for the long drive home.

such a longing in my heart for God." Our pony being young and unsea- "What was the name of the miss soned was soon outdistanced by the sahib?" "1 don't remember her others an~ our exasperated driver name. I remember the cakes and beat the poor little beast with the the tea, and I remember the hymns. flat of his whip handle. "'What do But I have forgotten her name." you mean, pony," said he, "by fall- The afternoon had passed, the ing behind the others and making us evening had come, and the full moon so late?"

was sailing in glory into the clear' It was past midnight when we Indian sky, when the people knelt finally sat down to curry and rice in the dust in the solemn baptismal and some luke-warm chicken. "We service. They were baptized by trust that the experiences of the day families, ,the paralytic who had won't make you ill," said our mis- brokeJ1 the village altar kneeling first sionary hosts. "Surely, if you can with his wife and children. "But stand this sort of thing for three

WITH IDOLS IN

weeks on end, we can stand it for faith. As the missionaries have said, one day," we replied. the mass movement is a wonderful laymen's movement, the village peo- Ve had seen in the visits of the ple themselves being its leaders and day only the barest fringes of the conservers. great mass movement. Eight thousand people were waiting for bap- At the summer-school the morntism at the time we visited Mr. and ings were given to teaching the lVIrs. Wilson. They were unwilling people, who were to be village teachto baptize more people than they ers in their turn, the great essentials were able to shepherd by Christian of the Christian faith. In the after- GROUP OF PEOPLE BAPTIZED IN NORTH INDIA encouragement and instruction. So 11001 the Chaudhris took turns in the people waited hungrily. repeating to their fellow students what they had been taught. On the A few weeks after our visit Mr. clay given to the teaching of the and Mrs. Wilson with some fellow facts of the Crucifixion, the Spirit missionaries, Indian and American, of God swept the entire company. held a summer-school for more than vVhen some of the men themselves two hundred Chaudhrjs and their told in the afternoon, in their own families. It is an interesting tribute way, the story of the Crucifixion, to democracy that in the work of tears rained down the faces of the the mass movement the vVilsons have people and they beat their heads almost always found these village upon the ground: "He did it all headmen or mayors, chosen by the for us. He bore our sins." Mr. people themselves, to be the proper Wilson said that he was never more men on whom to place responsibility thrilled than by the story of the in helping their people in the new

Cross as he heard it from the lips· of For cleansing the heart these Indian converts of the outcaste King Jesus came. multitudes. *' *' *' *' No wonder that the people in their new freedom and new joy are Behold the wonderful love of God! singing everywhere in connection That Jesus has come. with the mass m.ovement the follow- Having given His life upon the ing hymn: Cross, King Jesus came, He has saved me. King Jesus came, To overcome Satan, REFRAIN King Jesus came. Victory, victory, victory to Christ, I am very happy, He who has been crucified. Being forgiven of my sins. Without bounds is His wonderful love. Victory, victory, victory to Christ.

(Free translation) A Letter from Korea LAYING THE CORNER-STONE OF THE ARTHUR T. PIERSON MEMORIAL BIBLE SCHOOL IN SEOUL BY ROBERT E. SPEER, E are on our way from The site and the property of the Bible School are admirable. . The lWi~ Korea to Peking, building is being built on a bluff having stopt over Sun- overlooking a beautiful, new, wide day (yesterday) at road, and the grounds are opposite ~ukden to spend the what used to be the ~ulberry Palace; day with the Scotch now largely used for government and Irish missionaries. I had a most school purposes. We have two good interesting week in Korea. Imme- outlets to the street from our bluff, diately on reaching Seoul, on Sep- but the frontage on the street is occutember IIth, I visited the property pied by Korean houses, and I think it purchased for the Arthur T. Pierson wouJd be a mistake not to buy these. Bible School, and met with the Board The Directors estimate that it 'would of Directors. On my return from cost eight or nine thousand yen Pyeng Yang, on Friday, September ($4,000 or $5.000) to do this. 17th, I was present at the ceremony of laying the corner-stone. The foun- The main building is going up very dations have been laid and some of nicely. The cost of it without furthe concrete pillars have been erected. nishings will be about Yen 17,000 ~eanwhile the work of the Bible ($8,500), the furnishing, including School is being carried on at the equipment, plumbing, and heating, ~ethodist Union Theological semi- will add Yen 6,000 or 7,000, and nary some distance away. grading, retaining-walls, etc., will cost

A LETTER FROM KOREA

Yen 800 or 900, or more if we ac- and I made an address and laid the quire the whole street frontage. two comer-stones, one inscribed in The Korean houses on the property English characters, the other In the could be used temporarily for dormitory, but I think that these should Chinese and Japanese characters. We be torn down and a new brick. dor- had a large gathering of Koreans and mitory erected in keeping with the missionaries and one or two Amerischool building and the residence ; can business men. I am sure Dr. such a dormitory to accommodate Pierson looked down with joy upon forty students or more could be built the ceremony and I can not imagine any memorial more appropriate and SCHOOL, KOREA of brick and equipped and furnished attractive than this. The site is far for Yen 5,000. This would make the better than I had ·imagined, and the plant ideal. prospects of doing a great and use- ful work through the school are very At the corner-stone laying, the bright. weather was perfect-a beautiful, clear, autumn day-and we looked I am coming away from Korea out from the site across the city to with. a deeper .regard .for the Japanthe beautiful, mountains beyond.. Dr. ese and. a larger confidence even than Underwood made a brief 'introduc- I have had in the past in their good tory address, a Korean offered faith and worthy purposes with reprayer, Dr. Gale read the Scriptures, gard to Korea.

by the Grenfell Assodation, N. Y

WILFRED T. GRENFELL, M.D., LL.D., C.M.G.

Wilfred Thomason Grenfell was born in Parkgate, Cheshire, England, on February 28, 1865. He studied in Marlborough College, Oxford University. After his conversion, through D. L. Moody. h. became Superintendent of the Mission to Deep Sea Fishermen (1890). Two years later he sailed for Labrado r, and is now Superintendent of the large work conducted under the auspices of the Grenfell Association.

GRENFELL'S HOSPITAL STEAMER "STRATHCONA" IN WINTER

"By-Products of Mission Work"

BY WILFRED T. GRENFEIJL, M.D., ST. ANTHONY, NEWFOUNDLAND Medical Missionary to the People of Labrador and Newfoundland HICH are the by-pro.d- Tabernacle, New York, and six men in the crew. mW u c t s 0 f missionary work and which are We are visiting all hospitals and the main products? nursing stations and industrial work ~ Are not the neglected centers, besides incidentally picking by-products sometimes up the sick for the hospital and seeing the most important? any who need our services from the Our total staff now consists of fishing-fleets and stations. Of these some one hundred and seventy work- we have had four hundred in exactly ers. We are so scattered, so diverse three weeks, We also hold court in the methods in ~hich we are trans- when required, endeavor to meet any lating the Gospel that I can scarcely need of destitution or of derelict believe my own figures. Here on. children, and, when possible, gather- the Strathcona, for instance, besides ing the people for talks on things myself in the capacity of skipper interesting to any part of their wel- and medical officer, I have this sum- fare, and trying to relate the whole mer a volunteer dentist from Har- to the message of the aorist-that vard, a trained nurse from New God is love, and that they who serve York, and a volunteer secretary, Him will be lovely if only they act librarian, and accountant in the per- love out. Then there are the hos- son of one of Dr. Charles E. Jeffer- pitals, one of which we. are now son's assistants from the Broadway heading for, some seventy' miles

away, somewhere in the fog of this coast, the additional income is sorely gulf. needed.

Our idea of really bringing modern Weaving, spinning, mat-making, healing in reach of these scattered basket-work from native grasses, toilers has been decentralization; and stone-polishing and skin-boot-making we have now five hospitals practically in various places, are by-products of one hundred and fifty miles apart, this love-message. The large mill, which has made a whole section of THE SCHOOL AT ST. ANTHONY, NEWFOU NDLAND coast "independent" of relief and able to pay their own minister and with good motor-yawls to carry the church, is another "by-product." My sick to and fro. Weare expecting volunte~r manager last year was' a to start another hospital in New- New York lawyer and an All-Amerifoundland this fall~the total cost to can football center rush. Then the be borne by the locality, both of cooperative stores have also to be erection and nursing. We have two visited and encouraged-tho of late small intermediate nursing stations. years they have done the encourage- These are of the utmost value for ment, while I look on, praying that their general uplift; for creating God may give me the capital some public feeling; and cooperating in day to double their numbers. They fights against the liquor traffic, the mean economic freedom, possibility white plague, or any other evil. The of thrift, fair prices, and all the Sister in charge at Forteau has now difference between hunger, with its a very considerable industrial work trail of evils, and "sufficient without going ahead-the most attractive waste." These also are "by-probeing the making of exquisite arti- ducts," but "love's products" to the ficial flowers competing with the best hungry and the 'anxious none the Parisian, whence she both acquired less, and messages as intelligible as the art and purchased her Rlaterials. are any of love's sign-marks to She is so glad to get orders for brothers with human needs; and that them; and this year, the fishing being without the offensiveness of patronvery poor in that section of the age and doles to independent, sturdy souls.

The clothing department is a very large one now. Our agencies enable us to help the poor to acquire this "one-third of their necessities" in a self-respecting way. The beautiful work of the "Ladies Needle Work Guild of America" has made this possible, and thousands will own up, if ever in another world there is a day of confessions, that they were naked, and were clothed through love for Christ.

The fuel I am using on this mis-

BY-PRODUCTS OF MISSION WORK

sian steamer, Strathcona, consists of Two nights ago we visited one of billets of wood, cut, sawed, and these, remaining all night, as the placed on board, in districts where wind was hard against us. The volwood grows plentifully, in return for unteer teacher, a Radcliffe College the woolen garments we bring and girl, is a veritable human dynamo; that are not procurable there. The encouraging the fearful, supplying barrels of dried caplin on deck, for initiative for the reluctant, and the doctor's dog-team next winter, generally seeing that what she knows •••• • ., …. , …… I" tt I' r ,,, It'" IJU1JJU.

THE ORPHANAGE, ST. ANTHONY, NEWFOUNDLAND are a translation of good undergar- "ought" to be done, is done, irrements, while the sand in sacks for spective of all obstacles. The meetour concrete and agricultural work ing she called in "her school" had on the rocky East coast was traded to begin with a new industryfor trousers, or baby garments, or, namely, making mats for which they perhaps, a few good quilts, on a greatly need good clean rag material sandy foreshore section of the Straits for tearing up and weaving in. This of Belle Isle. These are also excel- is to supply clothing for her morelent "by-products of love," referred than-needy village. She has "had to to by the Master himself as such. transgress" the rules of waiting for work or personal effort in the case Then perhaps come the schools- of most of her scholars, who were the one large school at St. Anthony, too naked to come to school at all and the numerous little schools in until garments were donated to them; all sorts of tiny coves and hamlets, but she took our view of pauperwhere volunteer ladies and men are izing even the poorest, and so did healing the intellectual defects in the people. Then followed a health those whose ignorance so cruelly talk on the avoidable diseases of the handicaps them in their struggle for village, and the meeting ended with daily bread.

BATTLE HARBOR HOSPITAL FOR LABRADOR FISHERMEN a lantern lecture on "Japan and from which we hoped so much, and Christianity." The subsequent clinic which at first increased so rapidly. of those who, encouraged by the Of late they have caused us great brotherliness of the evening, ven- anxiety owing to a disease that has tured to my floating surgery, lasted set in among them. We are expecttill it was just time to "Get up our ing an Alaskan expert shortly to adanchors" and start for the next vise us concerning what we still beharbor. lieve would be an all-important ad- junct to the development of life in Meanwhile, a new fast motor-boat this northern wilderness. with two more of our workers had silently crept in and tied alongside of "By-products" all-but products the Strathcona. It was a small craft bringing hope and health to manygiven by the Christian Association of and testifying to the real message the College of Physicians and Sur- that to love the Christ is worth while geons of New York. It belongs to amidst the circumstances of present the station their volunteer workers time and space. It entails concrete established; with school, dispensary, happiness and health of the body as mission hall, and club work, on an well as Of the soul. The great Instiisland of the East coast of Labrador, tute in our capital of St. Johns, Newhalf-way between two of our hos- foundland, continues not only to inpitals, and almost one hundred miles crease in its patronage and its variety from each. The students, one from of services, but to pay in the uplift Rochester and one from Yale, were to the community as well as in the radiant with the good work they had individual life of our seafaring accomplished that day in catching us, brothers. It actually has the seal of at the same time, towing a new large wisdom in being able to defray its fishing-boat to an intermediate port, own current expenses without menfor a fisherman eagerly awaiting it. dicancy. They had also the prospect of a fortymile open-sea journey across the I pass by other "by-products," insomewhat tempestuous straits in their cluding the endless literature and open motor-boat next morning. circulating library boxes, the orphan- age, and the technical education in Near by ar~ the reindeer herd New York of our promising me-

9 1 5] BY-PRODUCTS OF MISSION WORK 92

chanical lads for future service. eral have told me this experience has Even at the risk of being con- turned the whole current of their lives. It has sent some out into the sidered egotistic, I must refer to that uttermost parts of the earth to dewhich is true of every human life, liver the same message we are here the paramount importance of yet one trying to bring in so many ways. This more "by-product." No man and message is that God is our Father, no work liveth unto itself. Of the and Christ is our Savior, that we His numbers of those who come every beloved children are brethren, and year to help our work, almost all that, whatever the prejudices of our have exprest joy not only for the descent or education, whatever the services they could render, but for limitation of capacity of our mental the blessing they personally receive. visions, we are yet privileged with an They may be wealthy beyond the infinitely precious gift of God. This dreams of avarice compared with gift of life, tho often sad on earth, our poor folk, gifted with all the op- may yet always be vigorous because, portunities for education which en- in union with Christ, we too may be lightened America can offer in the spreading the sweet savor of the twentieth century, yet one and all knowledge of Him in every place have testified to the fact that they, always, if only by our "by-products." too, have been at school here. Sev- Russians In the United States THE OPPORTUNITIES PRESENTED TO THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH BY PASTOR WILLIAM FETLER,* PETROGRAD, RUSSIA ~~~~~"!!I EW realize the wonder- by itself alone." These foreigners fall ful part which the into American soil to die, and the United States and fruition is certain to coine. What Canada play in the the fruit will be depends upon Ameri- evangelization of Eu- can Christians. If the foreigner rope, and especially of only dies as to his ignorance by receIving mental illumination, it Russia and other countries of East- would have been better for hi11l ern and Southern Europe. Hun- never to have followed the path of dreds of thousands of ignorant and the Pilgrim Fathers. By becoming superstitious people are taken up by clever, without becoming better, he the hand of Providence and are cast has become more selfish, more greedy, upon the American soil where they and more dangerous to himself and are scattered to the four winds. to his fellow men. Christian church- es and individuals must exercise all "Except a grain of wheat falls into the ground and die, it abideth • Mr. FetIer I. now In temporary exile in America., having been obliged to lea.ve Russia. on a.ccount of the opposition of the enemies of evangelical Cbristia.nlty.

their powers so that the foreigner and Ruthenian Baptists and Evan- must die as the apostle Paul died gelical Christians. The Ruthenians with Christ. Then he will become are subjects of Austria-Hungary, a new man, as the son of Resur- dwelling in Galicia, but while they rection. Thus the foreigner may have been forced to fight against become a blessing to the land of his their Russian kinsmen, these peoples adoption. who fight in different armies in Eu- Blessings never go alone. As sin rope have in America given to each begets sin so each real blessing is other the right hand of true Chris- the fountain from which many more tian fellowship under the banner of flow. The evangelization of the for- the Prince of Peace.

eign immigrant has a special mean- The Russians and Ruthenians are ing. Of the foreigners arriving in two brother nations. Their language the United States, some return to is from the same stock, their religion their native land; others become is almost the same, both being Greek naturalized citizens, while still others Catholics, tho a large part of the simply continue guests of the hos- Ruthenians have agreed to accept the pitable country. Of these latter Pope of Rome as the supreme Priest classes, many make more or less of their Church.

regular journeys to their old home- Both of these people use the same land to visit relatives and to satisfy Russian alphabet, and one who their natural homesickness. Even understands Russian can readily read those who remain in America, and fairly well understand the seldom break all their connections Ruthenian, and vice versa.

with the land of their fathers. By The Ruthenians (otherwise called correspondence they keep themselves also the Ukranians or Little Rus- in touch with their kin across the sians) have been deprived for many Atlantic. Thus all of these immi- years' of the possibility of developing grants can influence thousands of their literature and national life.

their countrymen who never dream of Their newspapers have been for- coming to America themselves. vVhat bidden, their poets and writers have this influence is to be must again be suffered persecution, and compUlsory determined by the American Chris- amalgamation with other large na- . -I tions has been pr~st 'upon them. In tians.

After my arrival in the United the United States of America they States last April, the great and needy are as free to use their language and mlSSlOn field among the Russian to think of their national life as the immigrants was at once prest upon American-born citizens themselves!

my heart with a great force. Since What an opportunity there is here that time I have been occupied alto- to give them good Christian liter- gether with this subject. ature in their own language, and so From July 1st to 6th we called to- to transform the lives of many, gether in the City of New York the some of whom will one day go back first union conference of the Chris- to their native land as evangelists, tians of these nations. It was, there- pastors, reformers.

fore, named the Union of Russian The mission work among the Rus-

IN THE UNITED

DR. WRIGHTNOUR BAPTIZING RUSSIANS IN SCRANTON, PA.

sians and Ruthenians in America has Island and in lower New York City. been sadly neglected. Without ade- Mr. Lodsin came from Russia quate organization there has nevertheless been achieved a good' deal of practically against his own wish, essuccess. Several faithful and devoted caping from the danger of being arbrethren have been endeavoring zeal- rested and probably deported to Siously to reach their fellow immigrants beria on account of his religious with the GospeL The first one to be- activities. His wife and children, gin active mission work among the who were following him soon after- Russians i~ N ew York more than ward to this country, went down twelve years ago, was Michael Lod- with a ship which was caught in a sin, formerly a Russian policeman in storm. Bereft of his dear ones, althe town of Windau. After his con- most penniless, he did not lose his version he became an energetic col- faith in God, who had promised "I porteur of the British and Foreign will never forsake you nor leave Bible Society, with fine gifts for you." This promise has been fulpicking up languages while mingling filled, for the last chapter of the with the various nationalities in Book of Job has been reproduced in west central Russia where he was miniature in the case of this man. working. As an enthusiastic personal worker and soul-winner, he has Another worker scarcely less prombeen like a lighthouse to many a inent or less able is John Koles- Russian immigrant, both on Ellis nikoff, whose work has been among the Ruthenians. Neither of these men have much education but their

INSIDE THE RUSSIAN MISSION IN MONTREAL great usefulness proves that the in- version, 'Kolesnikoff began to preach visible and eternally interested Lord Jesus Christ, who had become the of the harvest has called and used new Master of his life. It was them for wonderful achievements. natural that sooner or later he. would have to choose between the East and So with the Lord, He takes and He re- the West-to . be exiled to Siberia fuses, or to fiee to the free land of the Pilgrim Fathers, and of many other Finds Him ambassadors whom men pilgrims of all lands. Thus Koles- deny; nikoff came to America.

Wise ones nor mighty for His saints His first work was to help Brother He chooses, Lodsin pull out of the downtown basements of New York drunken, No, such as John or Gideon or I. immoral and perishing Russian im- migrants. Not long after he became John Kolesnikoff's father and the organizer and pastor of the Rusmother both died in his infancy. He sian-Ruthenian Baptist Church in was brought up in a Russian mon- Scranton, Pa. Many were converted astery, and so became acquainted and he baptized about a hundred with the corruptions and shallow whom he taught church discipline life of the monks. When he was and trained in service. He began to sick of sham Christianity, he was edit and publish the first Russianfound by the Good Shepherd through Ruthenian religious magazine. He the medium of a simple Russian bought a cheap printing-press, wrote Stundist brother, who won young the articles, set the type, printed Kolesnikoff, not by the force of them and attended to every detail arguments, but by his truly Christlike meekness of spirit. Driven from his home immediately after his con-

himself. For a number of years now N. Y.; Sivakoff of Philadelphia, Pa.; he has been the leader of the Rus- and Davidoock, the energetic pubsian work in Toronto, Canada. At lisher of a Russian monthly, of Hartthe conference in July he was elected ford, Conn. the advisory chairman and advisory president of the Union. As a There are no complete statistics speaker, he is eloquent, full of real of the Russian settlements in the Uniwit and originality. ted States or Canada, nor a complete list of all the Russian Evangelical A number of other brethren are missions and workers. We underfaithfully preaching the Gospel tp stand that the largest Russian settle- Russians and Ruthenians in Amer- ments are to be found both in South ica, among whom are Arsen Teresh- and North Dakota, where probably tchenko, of Berwick, Pa.; Ambrosi- several thousand Russians may be moff, of Pittsburgh, Pa.; John ] ohn- found. San Francisco, Los Angeles, son, a Russian with an adopted and some other cities in the far American name, the leader of the West abound in Russians. There Evangelical Christian Church in New are also the following centers: York, and one of Mr. Lodsin's converts; Archip Kolesnikoff of Spring- Indiana: 120 families. field, Mass.; Podlesny of Buffalo, Springfield, Mass.: 500.

THE FIRST RUSSIAN CONVENTION IN AMERICA Pastor William Fetter is in the center

Boston and vicinity: 5,000. Wis.: New York and Brooklyn: 80,000 to Milwaukee and Green Bay, Pa. : 100,000.

About 5,000. Besides these places, the following Chicago, III.: About 30,000. have been given where Russians are Waterbury, Conn.: 1,000. found: Pittsburg and Holmstead, South Bedlam, Pa.; East River, N. J.; 40,000. Philadelphia, Pa.: 13,000. Lowell, Mass. ; Yonkers, N. Y.; Bridge- port, Conn.; New Haven, Conn.; Bay- REV. MICUAEL S. LODSIN onne, N. J.; Paterson, N. J.; Passaic, The first Russian Protestant missionary on N. J.; Rochester, N. Y.; Wilkes-Barre, Ellis Island Pa.; Perth Amboy, N. J.; Cleveland and Berwick, Pa.:· 500. Hartford, Conn.: 1,500. Cincinnati, Ohio; Virginia; Detroit, Scranton, Pa.: About 7,000 Ruthe- Mich.; St. Louis, Mo.; Baltimore, Md.

nians and 4,000 Russians, with about Besides these above-mentioned 35,000 more in the vicinity. places there are no doubt scores of other places in the United States Newark, N. J.: 25,000 Russians and where Russian immigrants have not as yet been touched by any evan- Ruthenians. gelical preacher or colporteur. In Palmerton, Pa., and vicinity: With Canada, there are also thousands of Doukhobors, who fled from Russia about 2,000. because of their faith, and who with many others are waiting to be evan- gelized. A great and effectual door is opening among these needy people. But we are almost at a loss to know how to use this opportunity. In this brief stay in America I am willing to do all in my power to help to put this work on a good basis. The great difficulty is lack of funds. One of the most useful forms of service would be to supply these people with good Christian literature. It is also most important that some kind of Bible School to train Russian evan- gelists should be started, perhaps in connection with one of the existing Bible training institutes. A staff of missionary workers must be pre- pared and put into the field. May the Christians of America awake to this possibility, and carry out with apostolic zeal the work of evan- gelizing the Russian and Ruthenian men and women in this promised land of freedom.

Christian Conflict In China *

BY K. L. CRAU, B.A., Secretary of the Chinese Students' Christian Union of Great Britain HAT is the outlook of elevation of education. "Education is everything. It is the one thing needful IWI Christianity in China to- for China. What is the good of re- day? We must be on ligion? What is it but rank supersti- our guard against en- tion? For the ignorant it is all right, tertaining too optimistic for the women folk too, but not for the a view. As I review enlightened. The enlightened have no the field of China to-day, I find that need of religion whatsoever." there are four great barriers against the advance of Christianity. The first The fourth great barrier is very In- great foe, undoubtedly, is the revival of sidious. It is a sort of palliative to Confucianism. This is due to the new- men's yearning after God. I refer to born sense of veneration for the past. our enshrining nationalism or patriot- Societies for the diffusion and discussion ism as our national God. After the of Confucian ethics are to be found. French Revolution the French people There are also Confucian preachers and worshiped Liberty, Equality, and Fra- Confucian apologists. It is good to know ternity. One of the results of our re- that idolatry is virtually dead, but we volution is that nationalism is taking the must reckon with the fact that Con- place of God. fucius is being put upon a pedestal higher than ever. In a word, he is The Hopeful Side being honored as God. It is not easy to conquer this fourfold The second great enemy is a very enemy; but allow me to throw on the natural one. During this upheaval, and screen of your mind the other side of after it, politics and mechanical science the picture. It is full of hope; I tes- will absorb the attention of young China tify that even to-day, if every missionto the exclusion of everything else. In ary were withdrawn from China, Chris- Englimd to-day, where there are about tianity would spread of itself. It has 300 Chinese students, over 75 per cent. taken root, and it will grow. This is a are studying political economy and bold statement, and I give you reasons science. That shows which way the for making it. There are four great wind blows. Religion will have no place. potent forces which make Christianity After all, the students abroad, and those advance in China. who read about the great European crisis, will think that England's great- The first bright hope is this. Our ness is due to political constitution and leaders see the need of Christianit:y. scientific discoveries rather than to They see that Christianity not only moral principles. It is an easy mistake makes for the salvation of the indito make, because it is the mistake which vidual, but for righteousness and equity the West is making for herself. in the nation; and the men who are most keen in social reforms, such as the The third great foe against the ad- movements against opium smoking, and vance of Christianity is one very pecu- foot-binding, and gambling, are men liar to the Chinese. We adore liter- who are saturated with Christian ideals, ature and itltellect. It is the undue and many of them are keen Christians.

• From China's Mil/ions. July. 1915.

Their life and their energy can not but tude toward Christianity. They are recommend their faith to their fol- the future leaders of our country. Their lowers. attitude is one of an open-minded en- The second help is that with the birth quiry into the truth of Christianity.

of the Republic there has dawned the What China needs, they think, is a moral era of religious freedom. Already the revolution, a change of the heart. A Twentieth Century Edict of Nantes has new spirit is required. That is why they been issued. By that every man has the enquire into Christianity, because they right to believe according to the dic- have heard, time and again, of the tre- tates of his conscience. Christians are mendous claim of Christ to change no longer looked upon as foreign spies. men's lives. They want to see whether Missionaries are not looked upon as Christianity can make good its tremen- spies sent by their respective Govern- dous claims. I have heard of many ments to spy out the land of China; students since those meetings who have Christians are no longer debarred from been baptized into the Christian Church.

holding important positions in the Gov- ernment. Undoubtedly, that is a great The Chinese in Great Britain help to the advance of Christianity in In this connection I would like to China. mention the work of the Chinese Stu- The third great friend is the break- dents' Christian Union in Great Britain ing of the bond of superstition. Rail- and Ireland. When Chinese students ways and other means of rapid transit arrive in England, I have the privilege are being developed. They will help to of going and meeting them. I introduce unify the different dialects of the Chin- them to Christian homes, find them ese spoken language. What a gain that decent lodgings, and introduce them to is everyone of us knows. Moreover, as colleges where they will study. Our the Roman roads in the early days were great strategy is this-that from the the guiding lines for the apostles in first day a young student arrives in this their preaching of the Gospel, so in our land to the very last minute of his stay days the railroads ought to be the direct here we want to surround him with good lines for the Christian evangelist to ad- Christian influence.

vance into every nook and corner of There are about 300 Chinese students that colossal land. in Great Britain scattered in every uni- The fourth help is, that China is gov- versity. I am a sort of commercial erned by students. Educational Mis- traveler for Christianity.

sions are of the greatest strategic im- Bearing these considerations in mind portance. If you once get hold of the -the four great friends and the four students, you will get hold of China.. great foes-who can deny that the out- There are men who have been nurtured look of Christianity in China is dis- in the mission schools. Some of them tinctly encouraging. What are these have become nominal Christians, and foes? These so-called enemies can be some of them very keen Christians in- turned into friends by prayer and by deed. Their sole desire is to win China tact and by sympathy. Therein is the for Christ. In the wonderful meetings crisis in China to-day. These opposing of the Students' Campaign conducted by forces are fighting for the soul of Dr. Mott, and by Mr. Eddy, thousands China. China is in the course of re- and thousands of students were so in- construction. Is this newly born Re- terested in the Gospel that they devote public to be fed with the empty husks their time and energy to a close study .)f of materialism or with the Bread of the life of Christ. That is their atti- Life?

DEDADTMENT

OF BEST METHODS BY BELLE M. BRAIN, 38 UNION AVENUE, SCHENECTADY, N. Y. MATERIAL FOR MISSIONARY SPEECHES * ~E VERY missionary worker Murray. "Its first usefulness might be should have on hand a called personal. It has increased my goodly supply of facts, interest in missions, made my prayers figures, anecdotes and il- definite, and made me a more efficient lustrations to use in missionary worker. Another use has making m iss ion a r y been public. I have found here material speeches. Accumulating this takes time for missionary talks, and the things that and effort, but few things pay so well. have helped me have been where I could pass them on to others." There are many ways of storing such material. For clippings nothing is so Every missionary worker should have good as the ordinary filing-boxes that such a Bible as this. Believing that cost from 25 to 35 cents each. Large many will be helped by it, we have asked manila envelops or pasteboard boxes Mr. Murray to cull for us some of the will serve the purpose fairly well. best things in his.

References to striking paragraphs in NOTES FROM MY MISSIONARY missionary books or magazines that can BIBLE not be clipt should be jotted down in a note-book kept for the purpose; and BY WILLIAM D. MURRAY, PLAINFIELD, in reading a missionary book it is a good plan to make a note of the best things NEW JERSEY on the blank pages at the end. Stories and anecdotes may be pasted in a mis- On the front page of my Missionary sionary scrapbook and items that can Bible is a cut of an open Bible, under not be clipt may be copied in a mis- which is printed, "The Great Missionsionary blank book. ary Book." Believing this thoroughly I proceeded to make this particular copy One of the best devices we have seen of the Bible, the great missionary Book for preserving missionary material is for myself. the "Missionary Bible" owned by Mr. William D. Murray, a prominent lawyer My original purpose was to have misof New York City, residing at Plainfield, sionaries write their names on the New Jersey. In 1888 he purchased an fly leaves so as to bring the workers and ordinary teachers' Bible (Oxford edi- the Book together in an interesting way. tion), and began noting on its margins To-day as I look over these autographs and blank pages helpful material of vari- I find there are 175 of them. Close ous kinds. together are Robert P. Wilder and John N. Forman, founders of the "This Bible has been more than Student Volunteer Movement; and twenty-five years growing," says Mr. along side of them is Grace E. Wilder, whose prayers had so much .. NOTF'.-The material in this department, as well as in other pages of the REVIEW, is copyrighted. and permission to quote is granted only on condition that full credit be aiven to THE MISSIONARY RE- VIEW OP THE WORLD.-EDITOR.

to do with the birth of that movement. Matthew 28: 19-"Not half has ever been On another page are John R. Mott, told; not half have ever been told." Robert E. Speer, G. Sherwood Eddy, Luther D. Wishard and Fletcher Brock- Luke 2: 49; Acts 1: 8—Christ's first words man, men who have been close to mis- and His last-About His Father's bustness, sion work in our colleges for many and we about His business. years. Revelation 7: 9, 100H The beatific vision The first autograph written in my of an evangelized world," Charles Cuthbert Missionary Bible was that of D. L. Hall's text at a Student Volunteer Cun- Moody, who added a text, Psalm 84: 11, vention. and near him is Ira D. Sankey. Among the better known missionaries I have Psalm 45: 1, R. V. margin-HI speak; my John G. Paton, Bishop Thoburn, Henry work is for a King." Blodgett, J. C. R. Ewing, Jacob Chamberlain, William Ashmore, C. A. R. J an- Ecclesiastes 8: 4–H Where the word of a vier, David McConaughy, Hunter Cor- King is there is power." bett, S. HalI Young, ]. Campbell WI1'ite, Sidney L. Gulick and H. Gratton Guin- Mark 6: 30.-The first missionary conferness. ence.

From time to time I have marked 2 Chronicles 14: 11, 12-Used by Chalmissionary texts. Some of these are mers in New Guinea. famous because of what came from them; others have been helpful in keep- John 2: 9-Those who work with Jesus ing up the missionary fire. Here are know the most about Him. some I find scattered through my Bible: Exodus 14: 15~Doctor A. T. Pierson's Ezekiel 37: 9, 100Text of John Eliot's text at Mount Hermon, July 16, 1886, startsermon, October 28, 1646, the first preached ing the Student Volunteer Movement. on American soil in the native tongue. Psalm 124: 7-Sent as a telegram from Isaiah 54: 2, 3-Carey's sermon, May 31, the besieged missionaries in Peking after 1792. their release.

2 Kings 13: 21-Text of sermon preached I have also preserved a few outlines in Westminster Abbey as the congregation of missionary talks and Bible readings, sat over David Livingstone's grave. among them these: John 10: 16–Text on Livingstone's Go yeo Mark 16: 15. grave. Give yeo Matthew 14: 16. Pray yeo Matthew 9: 38. Psalm 62: 5-8—Written by Allen Gardiner on the rock under which he starved to The Command. Mark 16: 15. death in Terra del Fuego. The Route. Proverbs 3: 6. The Guide. Psalm 32 : 8. 1 Samuel 30: 24–Bishop Hannington's The Companion. Matthew 28: 20. text. The Field. John 3: 16; Luke 2: 10. The Need. Romans 10: 14. Jeremiah 45: 5-"And seekest thou great The Responsibility. Ezekiel 3: 18. things for thyself? Seek them not." Henry Martyn's text. A MISSIONARY PROGRAM 2 Kings 7: 9-A mISSIOnary warning. Matthew 9: 36–10: 8. Compassion, Pray, Genesis 43: 5-Another warning. Go, Give. Psalm 37: 7-A needy missionary received a letter from Charles Wesley enclosing THE MISSIONARY BOOK-JONAH some bank notes with a reference to this text. He replied that he had always been God is conscious of the heathen's need. struck with the beauty of this passage, but 1:2;4:11. until now "had never had such valuable expository notes." The command to go. 1: 2. Disobedience and unrest. Chapter 1. Obedience. 3 :3. Hard work and discouragement on the field. Chapter 4.

OF BEST METHODS

THE HOLY GHOST AND MISSIONARIES IN ACTS we can serve God with mammon."-Robert E. Speer. Selected them. 13 : 2. Sent them. 13 : 4. "Some can go; most can give; all can Empowered them. 13: 9. pray." Sustained them. 13: 52. Sealed their ministry. 15: R "This is a lost world to be saved, not Counselled them. 15: 28. merely an ignorant world to be educated." Restrained them. 16: 6, 7. "Anywhere, any time, anything for the THE MASTER'S METHOD Son of God and the sons of men."

(Matthew 14: 13-21) "The day is short; the work is vast; the reward is great; the Master urges."-On The Problem-"Whence are we to buy Memorial Hall. bread that these may eat?" "Recall the twenty-one years, give me Suggested Solutions: back all its experiences, give me its ship- "Send them away." . wrecks, give me its standings in the face of "We haven't enough." death, give it me surrounded by savages "Here is a lad." with spears and clubs, give it me back again with spears fiying around me, with the club The Master's Way: knocking me to the ground-give it me Prayer. back and I will still be your missionary."- Study-He knew their need. J ames Chalmers Practical Application: "I refuse to be disappointed; I will only Organization, Consecration, Commis- praise."-James Hannington. sion, Blessing. At the Student Volunteer conventions The Workers' Reward: delegates rise and tell where they are "Twelve baskets full." going and why.

On the blank pages of my Missionary At Cleveland the following statements Bible I have written inspired sayings of among others were made: "He said, missionaries, among them the following: Go"; "The Master calls"; "Jesus wants me"; "God has blest me"; "The love "My mind is fully made up, that if after of Christ constraineth me"; "To hasten all has been done to arrest this disease and the coming of the King"; "Because some I am still declining, I shall not leave Swit- may never enter the Kingdom unless I zerland for America, but shall seek the Suez tell them"; "God calls me"; "Repeated and go back to lay my bones in Ceylon's calls to an unwilling heart"; "I have resoil."-From a letter written by a friend, a ceived no call to stay at home"; "Called missionary in Ceylon, who was invalided and never released"; "God has made me to Switzerland. unwilling to stay at home."

"Fear God and work hard."-Living- At Rochester the following statestone's last words in Scotland. ments were made: "My Master has given the task"; "Obedience"; "Only "I think the word sacrifice ought never one life to give"; "Every obstacle reto be used in Christ's service."-James moved"; "I wish to follow Christ"; "It Chalmers. is more blessed to give than to receive"; "I expected to send a substitute, but I "I never made a sacrifice."-David Liv- am going myself"; "Christ loved and ingstone. came; I love and go."

"It was not so much a call to India that This is some of the fuel that has I received as an acceptance for India."- served to keep my missionary fire burn- Bishop Thoburn. .ing. My prayer is that in some measure "'Every citizen a soldier' is the true it may do the same for those who read watchword for the Church and missions." -Mackay. these words.

"Prayer and pains through faith in Jesus Christ will do anything."~On Eliot's grave.

"We can not serve God and mammon, but

THE TWIN MOTTOES OF THE CHINA INLAND MISSION On the cover of China's Millions and on all re- ceipts for contributions to the China Inland Mission there are two vertical rows of Chinese characters, one signifying "Ebenezer," the other, HJehovah- Jireh." These are the mottoes of the mission, and the recent volume, "Hudson Taylor in Early Years,"

tells of their origin, as follows: "In the autumn of 1857, four years after Hudson Taylor sailed for China at the age of twenty-one, a pair of scrolls made their appearance in his sitting- room in Ningpo that were as new as they were per- plexing to the little company of Christians and in- quirers gathered there on Sunday mornings for wor- ship. Beautifully written in Chinese, each character EBENEZER in itself was intelligible, but what could be the mean- JE~OVA~.JIREH ing of the strange combination, I-pien-i-seh-er; Je- ho-hua-I-la.

"The young missionary who had been his Chinese friends their precious mes- confined to his bed for a month could sage !"

have explained. For it was there, in These texts became the twin mottoes quiet communion with God, that those of Hudson Taylor's life and also of the inspired words had come to him in such great faith mission he founded soon fulness of meaning as to make them after. True to His promise, the Lord forever memorable. Ebenezer and provided eve r y t h i n g needed-men, f ehovah-fireh: 'Hitherto hath the Lord money, open doors, wisdom, strength, helped us,' and, for all coming need, converts-so that in this, its jubilee year, 'The Lord will provide.' When strength the mission has been able to make a mar- returned how he rejoiced to unfold to velous showing.

A CHRISTMAS PEACEMAKER* to bring peace and good-will to all BY BISHOP RIDLEY people?"

Christmas is always delightful at "Yes, darling." "That was nice, wasn't it?" Metlakahtla. At the morning service "Yes, very." there is a general handshaking. I always – "Are you, father, at peace with all put on a strong glove for the ordeal. There were once two important men people ?" "Yes. Why do you ask, darling?" who had nursed grievances for a year or more. Both thought the other the Then she put her thin arms around his neck and kissed him. sale cause of the estrangement. I de- "Father, is there peace with Samuel?" plored but could not remove it. A little child did. – She was dying of consump- Then fell silence and, as she held him, tion, and on Christmas Eve, her father tears. who doted on her, held her in his arms The next morning the father came to to let the other members of the family the earliest service. Immediately after it Samuel followed me to my house to be free. expresS' surprize that Charles had come "Father," she asked, "didn't the angels say that Jesus came on Christmas Day to him, offered his hand and wished him a happy Christmas.

"From The Church Mirrio"ar:JI Gl,t<",r. The snow on the eastern mountain was

OF BEST METHODS

crowned with glory as the Christmas Teacher: "No, John, that's not right. sun set, and just at that moment little You have merely bounded your own Martha, twelve years of age, was crown- home. That would mean that religion ed more brightly by the Great Peace- is only for you and yours. Many people maker as she in like character rose above believe that, but God's plan of salvation the mountains of earth and appeared in is broader. Robert, you try it." Zion, where children are always children. Her father left the house of Robert: "The plan of salvation is mourning soon afterward to tell me of bounded on the north by the Scotia his loss and her gain. river; on the south by the corporation line; on the east by the Big Four Rail- Missions are God's good-will at work road; on the west by the Indian Hills." and His channels of peace to the heathen. Teacher: "No, Robert, you're not right either. You have bounded your THE REFLEX INFLUENCE OF own city. That would include only what MISSIONS we call city missions. God did not mean His work to stop there. Samuel, it is In some parts of China there are two your turn." rice crops. The first is planted in straight rows and when it is about eight Samuel: "The plan of salvation is inches high, a second crop is planted bounded on the north by Lake Erie and in between the first rows. The second the state of Michigan; on the south by crop is not seen until the first crop is Kentucky and West Virginia; on the cut, and then it is found to be even better east by Pennsylvania and West Virthan the first. ginia; on the west by Indiana and Ken- tucky." So it is with work for missions. We sow seed and work for the heathen far Teacher: "No, no, Samuel. You have away from home. At the same time bounded your own state. That would God's Spirit is sowing between rows and mean that no missionary work must be by and by we find that a second crop done outside your state, and that is not sown in hearts here at home is spring- God's plan. George, let's see what you ing up and bearing precious fruit. It think about it." is hard to say which crop is better. George: "The plan of salvation is We should never forget that this bounded on the north by the Dominion double work is going on. of Canada and the Great Lakes; on the south by Mexico and the Gulf of A CLASS IN MISSIONARY Mexico; on the east by the Atlantic GEOGRAPHY Ocean; on the west by the Pacific Ocean." In an address delivered years ago at a Christian Endeavor Convention, Mr. Teacher: "No, my boy, no. You have S. L. Mershon illustrated the world-wide bounded your own country. That would extent of God's missionary purpose by mean nothing but home missionary work. a class in missionary geography some- Many people agree with you, but God what as follows: did not mean us to stop with our own countrymen. Adoniram, what have you Teacher: "John, bound the plan of to say?" salvation." Adoniram: "God's plan of salvation is John: "The plan of salvation is bound- bounded on the north by the North Pole; ed on the north by Forest Avenue; on on the south by the South Pole; on the the south by our back fence; on the east east by the uttermost parts of the earth; by Doctor Johnson's yard; on the west on the west by the uttermost parts of the by Saint Paul's church." earth."

Teacher: "Right you are, my boy. "A New Testament." The plan of salvation includes the whole world and every person in it-white, "Yes, the New Testament. But what black, brown, yellow, red. God says, 'Go ye into ALL THE WORLD and is that? I will tell you. It is the Gospreach the Gospel to EVERY CREA- TURE.'" pel ax into which a European handle "What matters if the flesh be white will has been put. There are many of them. Or black or brown? I f you come to-day you find them The dying Savior wore for all cutting; if you come to-morrow you will The thorny crown." find them doing the same thing. At what INCREASING INTEREST THROUGH GIFTS are they cutting? At our noble tree, One of 'the best ways of attaching Hinduism-at our religion. It has taken people to any good cause is to get them to pay something toward its support. thousands of years for the tree to take Father Chidlaw, a much revered home root in the soil of Hindustan; its missionary, used to tell the story of an old woman in the back district of his branches spread all over India; it is a mission field who was loth to give anything toward the purchase of a bell noble, glorious tree. But the missionfor the new church. She declared that bells were a nuisance. But at last she aries come daily with the Gospel ax in was prevailed upon to give $5 toward it. their hands. They look at the tree and "I've always declared I did not like bells," she said the first time she heard the tree looks at them. But it is helpit ringing. "But I will say that is the sweetest sounding bell I ever heard." less. The Gospel ax is applied and tho "Ah!" said Father Chidlaw, "the the tree is large and strong it must give secret of it was this. With every sound of that bell she heard the jingle of her .way at last." five dollars.!" "True," replied the missionary. "But NATIVE HANDLES IN MISSIONARY AXES many a poor handle gets worn out and One day when a mISSIOnary was many a one breaks; and it takes a long preaching in the city of Benares to a crowd that was civil and attentive, a time before a new handle is obtained Sepoy Brahmin began to talk to the people. from Europe and still longer before that "Look at those men," he said, point- handle is prepared and shaped." ing to the missionaries, "and see what they are doing." "Ah," he answered, "if that were all "They are preaching to us," the people it would be well, and the tree would have replied. respite. But what is the real case? No "True; what has the sahib in his hand?" sooner does a handle find that it can no longer swing the ax then it says: 'What am I to do now? I am getting worn out; I can no longer swing the ax; am I to give up cutting? No.' Then he walks up to the tree, looks at it and says: 'Here is a fine branch out of which a fine handle might be made.' Up goes the ax, down comes the branch; it is soon shaped into a new handle; the European handle is taken out and the native handle fitted in and the swinging commences afresh. At last the tree will be cut down by handles made from its own branches."-From an old scrap-book.

WHO CHOSE THE BEST?

In 1839, when Royal Gould Wilder, missionary to India and founder of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, was graduated from Middlebury

OF BEST METHODS

College he divided first honors with his it was so little it was not worth rememclassmate Foote. Strange to say, both bering. But it was a great disappointhad been born in the same year and on ment if it ever happened I could not go. the same day. How much do you think we raised? Foote became a lawyer and rose $20 a year. You don't think $20 very rapidly in his profession. He amassed much? Money was worth more then wealth and married a young woman of than now. Besides how much do your singular beauty. But in the midst of his societies of so many members-20, 30, prosperity, death took both wife and 40-give each year? If we three gave daughter from him, and overcome with $20, how much ought your society to sorrow he blew out his brains. give? That is, if you do as well as we.

When Vilder turned from flattering The elderly lady lived to see the little prospects at home to devote his life to girl she helped to interest in missions, India, Foote, his twin-honor man, said go to Syria. One of the last times she to him: "Why bury yourself among the was able to leave the house, shortly heathen, Wilder?" Wilder worked in before her death, was to attend my wed- India more than thirty years, preached in ding. more than 3,000 cities and villages; scattered over 3,000,000 pages of tracts; If our little band sent one abroad, gathered into schools over 3,300 chil- how many (another question in prodren, of whom 300 were girls. Was not portion) of your large circles should his choice the better? have your names enrolled as mission- aries in India, Africa, China, Japan or 'QUANTITY VERSUS QUALITY Syria? How many?

Many workers feel that large fields Two conversions are necessary: and large audiences are necessary to 1. To Christ, as a Savior from sin. produce great results. Let all such 2. To missions, as an antidote from read the following contributed years ago by Mrs. Eddy of Beirut, Syria, to Chil- selfishness. dren's Work for Children: -SHELDON DIBBLE. Long, long ago I belonged to a mission band. Do you ask how many we IS THERE GRASS ON YOUR PATH? were? Well our band-don't laugh, please, consisted of only three! The earliest converts to Christianity in Africa were very earnest and regular No. 1 was an elderly lady who held in their devotions. There were no priall the offices of the society. She was vate places for· retirement in their huts, president, vice-president, secretary and so each had a separate spot in the thicket treasurer! to which he would go for communion with God. No. 2 was a young lady, a school teacher. The paths to these little Bethels be- came distinctly marked, and when a con- No.3 was a little girl eight years old vert began to decline in the ways of -myself. God, it soon became manifest to his fellows. At our meetings we had prayer and reading of the Bible, but no singing. "Brother," they would say to remind Our president made lovely little straw- him of his duty, "the grass grows yonberry emery bags and much of our der on your path." money came from the sale of these. The young lady made fancy things and sold Away in foreign lands they wondered how them. It is so long ago that I don't Their simple words had power! remember what my share was. I guess At home, the Christians, two or three, Had met to pray an hour! -FRANCIS M. NESBIT.

AN EAR AND AN INTERROGATION Womanhood," at one time taught a class POINT of twelve native girls on Sunday morn- ings. They were antagonistic and at In formation, Africa is a huge inter- times unmanageable, and for months she rogation-point turned westward and labored and prayed in vain for their asking, as it looks across the seas, "Why conversion. She was seriously conam I the Dark Continent? Why have sidering giving up the class when she I been kept waiting nineteen centuries remembered a friend in America, a man for the Light?" who had lived in the days of Finney and knew how to pray. So she wrote to Africa is also like a huge ear, lying in him telling the needs of the girls and the midst of the ocean, listening for a asking for cooperation. message of deliverance, waiting for a word of hope.-Willis R. Hotchkiss at The friend in America received the the International Christian Endeavor letter and began to pray, but weeks Convention, Cincinnati, Ohio, July, 1901. passed with no signs of improvement. But one morning Mrs. Fuller noticed a DISTANCE NO BARRIER decided change. There were signs of Mrs. Jennie Fuller, missionary to India conviction and before the hour closed and author of "Wrongs of Indian all were on their knees in prayer. Some accepted Christ then and there and ul- timately every girl was saved.

It was afterward learned that on the night before the man of prayer in America had become so burdened with the needs of the class in India that he had retired to his room to wait upon God in their behalf. For several hours he pleaded for their salvation. Saturday night is Sunday morning in India, so he was praying at the very time that Mrs. Fuller was teaching. The old man on his knees in America had brought those twelve heathen girls to their knees in India. It was prayer that did it. Oh, what power there is in prayer!-Julia A. Fraser in The Sunday School Times.

THINGS TO AVOID IN A MISSIONARY TALK REV. EZRA VAN NUYS. GOSHEN. INDIANA I. Out-of-Date Material. Do not give stale news. Sermon from the "barrel" on some other theme may be effective, but in the missionary appeal deals with upto-date signs of the times. Missions are the livest, most up-to-date and intensely interesting subj ect in the world.

II. Generalities. Specific data are what men want. The concrete truth and facts bring conviction. The bUllet from the Mauser rifle is more effective than the discharge from the old-fashioned shotgun when we hunt big game.

III. False Impressions. Do not lead people to think that the mission field is an easy place., Appeal to the heroic. Men are ready to tackle big jobs.

IV. Doubts Concerning the Necessity of Missions. Doubts make a missionary sermon a failure. "There is no other Name." Christ's commission is authoritative. We must obey His command. Only Jesus Christ can save the world. REFORMATION AND REVOLUTION tive franchise for choosing the mem- bers of the Duma has been more and W HAT is the true basis of hope for more curtailed so as to leave the selec- the future of the world? Is it in tion in the hands of the favored few. the advancement of commerce and cul- The Duma to-day can not adequately ture, in the promotion of science and the represent the people of Russia, and yet cultivation of the arts of peace? Is it the government refuses to grant the the dominance of certain ideas and ideals national assembly any decisive voice in backed by a powerful army or navy? Is the affairs of the nation. Evidently it the enactment of new laws, the grant- reformation by edict in Russia has not ing of new liberties or changes in succeeded. forms of government from autocratic to democratic or from republican to monar- In 1903 in Persia the world was chical? Is it in the union of governments startled and missionaries could scarcely to form a league of nations with an in- trust their senses when the revolutionists' ternational court and an international dethroned the corrupt Shah and propolice force? claimed a new constitutional monarchy with an elective parliament, liberty of Many or all of these items in the pro- speech and religion. It seemed that a gram of progress may be important and new day had dawned. Soon the house highly desirable. Will they bring about of cards began to fall. The last state the regeneration of men and nations, is worse than the first. Not only is and if 5'0, are they to be achieved by poli- there no stable government but there tical revolutions and military methods? is unrest and confusion, brigandage and disregard of law and order. The re- Let history speak. Russia has been cent wholesale massacre and pillage of and is nominally a Christian power, but the Christian population is a final atoppression and misgovernment in Rus- tempt to blot out the reform movement. sia has been notorious. The common Evidently Persia has not thus far been people have been denied political and regenerated by political revolution. religious liberty, the Jews and Stundists and Doukhobors have been cruelly Turkey in 1909 was suddenly turned maltreated, the Siberian exile system upside down when the Young Turks has been like a medieval instrument of banished the Sultan and proclaimed a torture in the hands of beaurocrats in new parliamentary government with Church and State. In 1897 the RU5'- many long-desired reforms. The old sian Czar startled the world by pro- system of espionage was abolished, a claiming religious freedom and a con- new program of education was prostitutional government by an elective claimed, Christians were declared elig- Duma. The promised liberty has been ible for the army and for political unrealized in fact. Christians of other office, and it was thought that Armenian than "Orthodox" faith are not allowed massacres were at an end for ever. to do missionary work, and members of What is the situation to-day? The the State Church are not allowed to Young Turks are dominated by a forchange their religion openly. The eleceign power and are fighting for their through the influence of Christian mis- lives. The better class of Turks are sionary schools, hospitals and churches. put out of office, and the worst anti- The Philippines are becoming a new Christian massacre of history has been land by the advance of higher physi- taking place at the orders of the cal, social and mental ideals. But Young Turks. Surely the reign of none of these lands have reached the peace and righteousness was not usher- point where their political policies are ed into Turkey by a political upheaval. accepted as unselfish and without guile or where their social standards and In China, where the ancient and ap- customs are morally above reproach. parently unmovable dynasty with its hoary traditions and customs, religious Plainly the world is not to be re- and social, seemed to be entrenched in generated by political revolutions, by power, there next came a tremendous governmental reforms, by intellectual and wonderful revolution. With little advancement, or by social service re- bloodshed, the monarchy was over- forms. The only hope of the world is thrown in 1912 and a modern republic in God and In the acceptance of was established. The ancient queue Jesus Christ as the great revealer, was aban'd,oned, foot-binding was dis- teacher, example and Savior. This is credited, the ancient examinations in the reason for Christian missions, and Confucian classics were replaced by this is the reason for looking forward modern education, religious liberty was to the return of Christ to reign. proclaimed, newspapers, telegraph and other modern inventions awakened the SPECIAL TRAINING FOR JEWISH sleeping giant, and a new womanhood began to take an active part in new I WORK China. The reaction and failure has N these days of specialization, it not been as extreme and discouraging seems strange that there has not in China as in Persia and Turkey, and been more attention given to the need yet to-day the first president is dic- for definite preparation for Christian tator and may become emperor. Con- work among Jews. They are difficult fucian worship is revived as the State to reach, their religious beliefs are religion and there is the weakened firmly fixt, their language is unique, and impoverished government in con- and they are a problem in themselves. stant danger of new upheavals 'within and attacks from without. Thus One of the suggestions made at the far China has not found a smooth first general conference of the Hebrewroad to prosperity through the adoption Christian Alliance last spring, was a of American and European models. chair of Jewish Missions as a pressing need for the work of Christianizing the Some thought that Mexico had en- Jewish population of America. Thetered on a new era with the banish- ological schools, generally, neglect this ment of Diaz and his dictatorship. field, and for this reason there is ap- The result is not encouraging to friends parently little interest in extending of peace. Christianity among Jews.

What then is the true basis for hope? A special training school is not needed India has made slow progress through but seminaries should introduce courses the paternal government of an enlight- in Jewish mission theory and method. ened nation,-Japan has moved forward This is strongly advocated by some of wonderfully by the gradual acceptance the experienced Jewish workers. The of the advice of Christian missionary suggestion is worthy of the attention statesmen; Siam is arising, step by step, of such seminaries as Hartford, Prince- ton, Union, McCormick and Louisville.

WODLD-WIDE

MISSIONADY NEWS NORTH AMERICA be added by our churches and philan- thropic agencies a harmonious and The Lake Mohonk Platform larger activity in behalf of the moral and religious instruction of the Indian, THE thirty-third annual Conference without which these efforts for his on the Indian and Other Dependent material good will surely prove in- Peoples, which met at Lake Mohonk effectual. in October, at the invitation of Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Smiley, gave the first The American Board'. Good Y.-ar day to the consideration of Indian Affairs, the second to the Philippines, and DESPITE the disturbed financial conthe last to Porto Rico. The platform ditions, the receipts of the Ameriwhich was unanimously adopted on the can Board of Commissioners for Forfirst subject included the following eign Missions are thus far the largest of statements: any year in its history. This is most gratifying, especially since the oppor- We urge the defining of the legal tunities on its fields, particularly in status of the Indian and the codifica- China and India, are unprecedented, and tion of the laws regarding him, that since the tragedy in Turkey adds new the confusion and uncertainty now burdens to the Board's work throughout existing may be done away. that Empire.

We urge the extension of the merit Treasurer Frank H. Wiggin, of the system in all appointments in the In- American Board of Commissioners for dian service. Foreign Missions, has announced that for the year closing August 31st, the We urge increased attention to the current expenditures were $1,101,202.- educational need of the Indian, and lay 99, and the debt of a year ago was emphasis on agricultural and other vo- $8,767.70, making a total of $1,109,- cational training. 970.69. The receipts for the year ap- plicable for these liabilities amounted We urge on Congress the need of to $1,101,565.47. This amount suplarger appropriations for educational ported 638 missionaries in ten lands and medical work in Alaska, under and insured the upkeep of schools, colcharge of the Bureau of Education. leges, hospitals, industrial plants and orphanages numbering altogether nearly We urge that legislation shall be two thousand institutions. The year enacted that will insure the preparation was a memorable one in other respects. of the Indians of the five civilized The work in India and China was char· tribes to assume intelligently the re- acterized by unusual advance and ensponsibilities of their citizenship, and largement, but in the Turkish empire, the protection of those of them who one of the largest and most important still own their allotted lands when the fields, the missions have been greatly restrictions on the sale of their lands hampered, its workers and its members shall cease. have been called upon to suffer great And we urge, with profound conviction, that to these important efforts to improve his physical condition and conserve his material resources, there

hardships and some have laid down under denominational auspices, and the. life itself. Armenian adherents and plans for interdenominational colleges helpers have been killed by thousands. for women at Madras, Tokyo and Nanking. She says of Mrs. Rocke- Good Work of Southern Methodi.ta feller's gift: "I believe that one reason for our receiving this legacy was in IN Record of Christian Work, there order to enable us to do a share which is an interesting statement of facts Baptists would not be ashamed of in relating to special work by Southern the founding of these interdenomi- Methodists among colored people and national colleges." – Watchman-Exam- foreigners in the cities. They maintain iner. "Bethlehem Houses" for women and "Wesley Houses" for men. They have Memorial to Robert C. Ogden 28 Wesley houses and Bethlehem houses. In 12 foreign communities THE friends and associates of Robert there are 7 Wesley houses, 2 large set- C. Ogden propose to erect to his tlements, a clinic and an institutional church. In cotton mill communities memory an auditorium at Hampton Inthere are 10 Wesley houses and two stitute. A committee has been organinstitutional churches, employing 30 ized, with ex-President Taft as its trained workers and 332 volunteer chairman, representing the faculty and helpers. These reach more than 4,000 graduates of Hampton Institute, and homes. In other industrial centers the many friends and co-workers of there are 6 Wesley houses and an in- Mr. Ogden in the South and North. stitute, while in still others, systematic Mr. Ogden has been called "an unfriendly visiting is done. In this group official statesman:~ and the fact that for there are 20 trained workers and 115 forty years he had been a trustee of volunteer workers. For the care and Hampton Institute and for twenty protection of working girls 6 coopera- years the president of its trustees, tive homes are maintained, where 587 makes it clear that Hampton Institute girls are cared for. is the most fitting place for a perma- nent memorial to him. There is urgent Use of a Baptist Legacy need there for a large auditorium and already a few friends have subscribed THE Woman's Baptist Foreign Mis- one-third of the hundred thousand sionary Society has received $300,- dollars necessary for the erection of such a bUilding. 000 from the estate of Mrs. John D. Rockefeller, and the Home Mission A Study Class for Church Officers Society $100,000. In response to a request from the executors of the estate, ONE pastor, at least, is alive to the representatives of the Foreign Society importance of educating church made a full statement regarding its schools, their location, land and build- officers, and is able to report a notable ings possest, the immediate needs in achievement along this line. This is regard to the purchase of additional the Rev. C. K. Fegley. pastor of St. land, and the building of new dormitories and school buildings, and certain James Lutheran Church, Allentown, Pa. interdenominational school projects. In a recent interview, Mrs. Helen Barrett "Mr. Fegley is in charge of a church," Montgomery brought out the need of says Men and Missions, "in which every training teachers for the hundreds of member of the church council was enhigh schools now being carried on rolled in a mission study class using Doughty's 'Call of the W orId' as the basis of their discussions. Eight ses'sions were held, with art actual attendance of 88 per (tent. for the entire series

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

of meetings. The church is plan- involved was the right to a share in ning another discussion group using the estate of David Eccles, the richest Shailer Matthews' 'The Individual and man in Mormonism. Albert Geddes the Social Gospel.' This thoroughgoing claimed to be the son of Eccles' third method of informing and inspmng wife, and the verdict was given in his official members of the church is com- favor. The Continent points out three mended to congregations everywhere." things which the case shows: Anti-Saloon League of Are 1. At a time when the Mormon leaders were just as emphatic as they W HEN the Anti-Saloon League was are now in affirming that polygamy had organized, twenty-one years ago, ceased, polygamous marriages were in the State of Ohio, there were then being solemnized by apostles of the three prohibition States. To-day ~here church. Church officials not only knew are 18 prohibition States: Maine, Kan- it but were protecting such couples sas, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Missis- from penalties. sippi, Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, West Virginia, Virginia, Colo- 2. It is Mormon policy to encourage rado, Oregon, Washington, Arizona, lying even under oath when lying is Alabama, Arkansas, Idaho, and Iowa; necessary to conceal the inconsistency and six more will vote within a year. between Mormon practise and Mormon Local option laws have been put upon professions. the statute books of many other States. To-day, 55 per cent of the population 3. Since 25 years have passed since of the United States lives in prohibition the manifesto purporting to abolish territory. Eighty per cent. of the terri- polygamy, and since the Mormon torial area of this country is now with- Church still remains in control of men out a legalized liquor traffic. There are who pretend to adopt one course and feyver saloons in 36 States of this Union in fact follow another, it becomes foolthan in the one city of New York. There ish to suppose that the Mormons can are more saloons in the city of Chicago be depended on to root out polygamy. than in all the Southern States. or that their governing ecclesiastics have any intention of so doing. Woman's Work for Missions Higher Critics of the Mormon Scripture. THE Federated Women's Foreign Mission Boards of North America TWO years ago the late Bishop Spald- (numbering 37) report receipts for ing persuaded the elders of the last year amounting to about $3,300,000. Mormon Church to allow him to place These Boards have some 1,200,000 mem- in the hands of expert scholars in Egyptbers and publish 25 missionary maga- ology copies of the original Egyptian zines. They support 1,550 missionaries. documents which Joseph Smith pre- Their administration expenses are ex- tended to have translated, and which he ceedingly low, so that very nearly all the claimed were written by Abraham. money contributed goes direct to the Joseph Smith seems to have secured field. these documents from a sea captain. The Mormon elders, having implicit Mormonism Further Exposed faith in Joseph Smith's translation, com- plied with Bishop Spalding's request. THE Geddes-Eccles case, tried at Much to the distress of the Mormons, Ogden, Utah, offers a new base for however, the Egyptian documents turn argument and action toward an anti- out to have no reference whatever to polygamy amendment to the United Abraham and are only short prayers to States constitution. The legal question the sun god, such as are found in abun-

dance on clay tablets and used as pillows tells how the Carranzista Govern~r, under the heads of mummies. They are General Alvarado, has reorganized on among the most common of Egyptian modern lines the entire system of antiquities. The effect on the younger State rule, giving to the people a pros- Mormons seems to have been somewhat perity they never knew before.

disillusioning. At the recent commence- "The first move on the part of the ment of the University of Utah, a new Government was to establish an Mormon graduate took for the theme of entirely new form in the educational his oration, "Needed Reform."-The system of the State. Sectarian schools Churchman. were abolished, and a number of com- LATIN AMERICA petent teachers were brought into the State, who quickly established up-to- Baseball VerauB Bull Fighta date methods of education. In many BASEBALL is proving to be one of of the smaller villages where no schools the most wholesome influences had existed, and children were reared which the United States is bringing to in ignorance, schools were promptly bear on Latin America. A missionary opened and every child, even to the in Guatemala writes: poorest Indian, was given an oppor- tunity to obtain a modern education, "We have noted the introduction of which under the old regime, had been this game into Guatemala with great denied them. interest. The other day we went out to see a game and were delighted to "In addition to common schools, a see a fine, enthusiastic crowd looking teachers' college and one for domestic on, and cheering with a vim when science have been established. It must occasion presented itself. A goodly be understood that heretofore neither number of Guatemala boys have been of the above branches of education to college in the U. S. and have come existed. An agricultural school has back on fire with interest in outdoor been started which will prove a boon sports." to the country laborer, who for the last one hundred years has followed the The bull fights which used to be held routine methods of his forefathers, and on Easter and other Sundays, are not no new methods have ever been intropopular with the younger generation. duced by former governments to ad- Rev. Robert Black writes from the mis- vance agriculture in the State, hence sion school in the island of Mindanao the most primitive usages exist, and no of the enthusiasm of his boys over advancement has been made in this baseball and other athletic sports, and most important industry. The new other missionaries in the Philippines State Government proposes to educate told Mr. Speer on his recent visit that both the large and small farmers, and baseball was taking the place of the no doubt the State will soon derive the cockpit. benefit· in larger and more profitable Yucatan Reforms crops, as both lands and seed will be THOMAS J. AGNEW, representa- furnished gratis to all those who desire tive of the New York banking and to follow agricultural pursuits.

brokerage firm of Barnes Brothers in "Another reform has been in the Yucatan, Mexico, where he has lived abolishment of bull-fighting, which for for sixteen years, has made a statement generations has been the popular but to Secretary of State Lansing that is degrading amusement of the native.

in pleasing contrast to the stories Lotteries that formerly flourished, ab- coming out of troubled Mexico. He sorbing to a great extent the earnings

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

of the poor and causing great misery, willing, reopen with its former staff as have been supprest. soon as possible after peace is declared."

"The most cordial feeling is exprest The Bible Society and the War by this new State Government toward T all foreigners, and the American in HE British and Foreign Bible So- ciety has provided more than a milparticular. And it is to the American and American capital principally that lion and a half Testaments and Gos- Mexico must look for the rehabilitation pels, in a score of different languages of her idle mines and industries in and in a dozen different countries, for general." sick and wounded soldiers and sailors, EUROPE-THE BRITISH ISLES for prisoners of war, for refugees, and C. M. S. Votes "No Retrenchment" for troops marching to the front. The depot at Berlin remains open, and AT a meeting of the Church Mission- since the beginning of August 360,000 ary Society Committee held in July, Testaments and Gospels have gone out resolutions were passed, outlining as the for distribution from that center, not policy of the society that there should only for use among Austrian and Ger- be no retrenchment in the mission fields; man soldiers, but also for British, no keeping back of reinforcements on French, and Russian prisoners of war.

purely financial grounds; and all possi- During the year 1914 the Bible Society ble economy. The committee also ex- sent out more copies of the Scriptures prest their sense of the paramount need than it ever did before. It distributed ,f fresh spiritual power if the home over two million books in China, over church is to take up and discharge ade- a million in India, 750,000 in Korea, quately its great missionary task, and of 750,000 in the Russian Empire, and the duty resting on themselves and their over a million in Central Europe.

fellow workers to make it their primary duty to take their share in promoting Fishermen Prisoners of War that renewed spiritual life. It is re- THE Royal National Mission to ported that the society's missionary Deep Sea Fishermen has been training college at Islington has had to making a special, tho very quiet, effort be closed, as all the students have enlisted. to help the fishermen prisoners of war in Germany. There are now about The following announcement has been three hun<1red of these ~en who were sent out by Livingstone College, of Ley- taken prisoners while peacefully pursuing ton, England: "The Principal of Liv- their occupation in the North Sea, and ingstone College regrets to have to in- who are held in captivity, cut off from form you that the committee of the col- their families, and allowed even to lege have decided that owing to urgent correspond with them only under irk- need for the services of medical men in some restrictions. Most of them come the national crisis, Livingstone College from Grimsby, the greatest fishing port should discontinue its sessions from in the world, and efforts for their July next until peace is declared, so as help have, therefore, centered in the to free those remaining on the staff to Grimsby Institute of the Society. With help in this need. The college is ac- money specially subscribed for the pur- cepted as an auxiliary hospital by the pose, boots, clothing, food, and such war office. There will, therefore, be no necessaries as soap, have been sent to session either for men or women com- these men. It is stated that the official mencing on September 29, 1915, as pre- food supply was merely enough to viously advertised. The college will, God keep the prisoners from starvation-a

loaf made of potatoes and chestnuts was 844,404 Marks and this was 291,257 would be issued as a day's allowance Marks short of the budget. From for- for five men, giving each man only a mer years there is a deficit of 475,013 moderate slice; and the fishermen were Marks, which is now, because of the hard put to it to keep up their normal present deficit, increased to 766,270 strength and health and spirits. Marks.

The Gossner Mission has a decrease THE CONTINENT in both income and expenditures. The Continental Mission. and the War Hermansburg Mission received from the Ohio synod 42,000 Marks and had THE Swedish Gustav-Adolf Society an income besides of 512,000 Marks, has been compelled to close the work and an expenditure amounting to 451,- in Bethlehem, Palestine, because of the 000 Marks, which would mean a sur- difficulty in sending money. Its prop- plus of 61,000 Marks. But they expect erty has been entrusted to the native a demand from India and South Africa janitor. for 117,000 Marks. There will be, therefore, a deficit of 56,000 Marks. The Norwegian Mission has nearly The entire income of the Leipzig Mis- • obtained the Million Kreutzer Fund, sion shows a decrease of 108,000 Marks. They did not receive the usual 166,000 which it set about to gain for its Marks from Russia; they count on a Jubilee in 1914 (in all about 900,000 deficit of 78,000 Marks. The Schles- Kr.). The work of the mission has had wig-Holstein Mission can report that to be retrenched. all their expenditures are covered by their income.-Calwer Missionsblatt, The Finnish Mission Society can not September, 1915. communicate with their mis'sionaries in South Africa, but they hear from their workers in China. Contributions at home have greatly decreased, but they have recently received a large legacy. The War and German Missions The French Evangelical Mission is DR. ADOLF DEISMANN, of the in a great crisis because of the war. University of Berlin, writes: "He The call to arms took many of their who understands how to cope with workers so that some of their fields are left without laborers. The financial re- figures will be able to picture to himport, March 31, 1915, showed a deficit self from the following data, the great of 360,000 francs, altho the salaries effects the war has upon our German were greatly reduced. Otherwise the evangelical missionary work. At the out- Paris Mission experienced some encour- break of the war, most of the German agements. The native workers on the missionaries were, as a matter of mission fields show good-will even with course, out on their fields of labor in a much reduced salary. Some continue the various heathen countries. Many in their work without any salary. of them have been imprisoned by the English. From the comparatively small G German Mi••ion Finance number of workers and students in ERMAN mission societies were not training at home, who belong to the able to give an exact review of 26 German Missionary societies, 493 their income and their expenditures at are in the army, 384 are under arms, the end of the first war year. The home 7 serve as army chaplains, and 71 men expenditure of the Berlin Mission shows and 31 sisters are in the ambulance a saving of 46,549 Marks, against the corps. Nineteen have secured the Iron appropriation (naturally little could be Cross. In order to preserve the funds sent to the fields). The home income threatened by the war, 71 inspectors

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and missionaries have entered pastor- A Frenchman's Testimony A ates of the church for the time being." FRENCH litterateur, M. Lavredan, Opposition in Spain writes: "How fearful, how burn- MR. J. CRANE writes from Malaga, ing are the wOl:nds of a people in Spain, to Echoes oj Service: "We whose veins flows not a drop of the have had some anxiety on account of blood of that Wonderful One as a the Roman Catholic persecution. Spirit- healing balsam, that Wonderful Oneists are increasing rapidly, and atheists, I can not name Him. He was so good who claim nature as their god, seem to -and I I What would become of be more common than the Roman France if its children did not believe, if Catholics themselves-yet the latter its women did not pray. The artillery bring all their opposition against our of trust in God will win in this war. small group, and leave these un- The past of France was great. It was molested. Young men, who have family a believing France. France's present connections with the church, follow us is tribulation. It feels that it can not when distributing tracts, and ask the longer believe. Will its future be people for them, deliberately destroy- better? In God's hand! Only in God's ing them before us. A recently con- hand! A slain people covers the fields. How hard is it to be an atheist in this a verted couple put some texts round national graveyard! I can not! I can not! I have deceived myself and you their rooms, which were part of big who have read my books and sung my tenement house belonging to a mar- songs !" quesa, and they have been told to leave."

Rus.ia's Substitute Eor Vodka · NE feature of Russia's movement MOSLEM LANDS O toward the reform of the drinking Moslem Law of Revenge habits of her people has not come to the ONE of Islam's darkest blots is the prominence it merits in the consideration liberty given by the Koran in the of this burning question in our own country. A dispatch from Petrograd laws of revenge. This license to reindicates what is being done to encour- taliate will always encourage war and age the abstinence of those who, by im- bloodshed. The Arabs have no judicial perial edict, have been deprived of the courts, and, as tribal responsibility common means of intoxication. The exists in aU Moslem lands, the blooddispatch reads: "As a substitute for avenger never seeks the guilty person, vodka shops, which have been abolished, but takes revenge on the first person there have been erected in the opcn he meets of the same tribe. Among places throughout Russia' People's Pal- Moslems it is considered more honoraces' and smaller buildings, where able to seek revenge than to obtain a people may meet for entertainment and ransom. Dr. Kerr describes a case in instruction. In the government of Por- point. tava alone three hundred such places have been opened or projected. They "A young man came to the hospital to contain reading-rooms and halls in have a bullet removed from his ankle. which concerts, exhibitions, and other On asking how it happened, he related entertainments can be given." the following story: 'My only brother was shot in a quarrel, and it devolved on It is reported that Russians are wildly me to avenge his blood. Had I actaking up gambling to use the time, cepted ransom, I should have been money, and energy saved by the prohi- hounded out of my tribe as a Jew who bition of vodka. preferred money before honor. One night I crept outside of the tavern, and

saw the man I was seeking drinking tea for courage, faith and prayer for the with his friends. I lay down and took speedy dawn of the new day in Turkey, aim, but only shattered the cups on the which we confidently expect will come. tray. As they all had their guns, in a The missionaries are bearing a heavy moment the bullets were flying around load and they are doing it with marme. One struck my ankle, and I fell. velous Christian fortitude. As they were hard upon me I cried out, 'I am no thief, but the avenger of blood. A Missionary Heroine Who, for the sake of God and the Prophet, will protect me in my sacred THE recent experiences of American duty?' Not knowing who he was, a missionaries in Turkey furnish cousin of the man he meant to kill threw many a tale of heroism. One of the his cloak around him, and afterward few stories which has come so far is carried him to his tent. N ow, by the that of Miss Mary L. Graffam, principal sacred laws of revenge, this injured man of the high school for girls in Sivas. is permitted to have a shot at one of Last winter, when typhus raged so viruthe tribe, but not to kill him. Often a lently in Erzroom, she joined the relief lad of tender years is shot down to party which Dr. Clark, of Sivas, led atone for another's sin." across the mountains, through snow and cold, to the stricken city. She worked Later News from Turkey for weeks among sick and wounded in Erzroom, and then came back to her THE situati9n in Turkey continues station to face yet other emergencies. dark so far as the Armenians are concerned. The American Board sug- The Armenian deportation began gested to the Ambassador that the mis- methodically and proceeded with thorsionary women and children be en- oughness around Sivas. When Miss couraged to leave the country as well Graffam found that all the teachers and as the men who are at stations from pupils of her school, with their relawhich the Armenians have departed. tives were summoned to slart southward There is no indication that any of the next day, she made up her mind to go men will desire to come, and but few of with them. She went to the Va1i and the women. In October the mission- asked his consent. At first he refused, aries in Tarsus and Adana found it saying: "You could not stand it. It necessary to leave the country. The is a hard, long journey." She reminded new turn the war has taken in the him of her journey to Erzroom in the Balkans may make communication with winter. "Why do you want to go?" Turkey even more difficult, but will he asked. "They are my people. My probably not increase the danger of school is closed, my pupils and teachers their position. are going, my poor people are going. I will take medicines and help them The National Armenian Atrocities on their way." The Vali accordingly Committee, with headquarters at 70 gave his consent. She took quantities Fifth Avenue, New York, has already of medicine, a sum of money for relief cabled $100,000 relief money to Am- work, and what food she could carry bassador Morgenthau, and to Egypt with the other necessaries. A report $6,000 for the relief of Armenian refu- reached the Sivas station that Miss gees there. The Turkish government Graffam had reached Malatia in safety, refuses to permit any Armenians to a city five days' journey by horseback leave the country, but several hundred under normal conditions. The procesthousand have succeeded in escaping sion was still moving southward, but into Persia and Russia. It is a time its numbers were daily diminishing.

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Situation Still Critical in Peraia is only fair to assume that the recent measures have been taken after due T HE British consul-general at Ispa- consideration of all the facts and only han was attacked and slightly wounded while returning from his for the purpose of insuring tranquility morning ride on September 2d, and the in India during the continuance of the British vice-consul at Shiraz has been present conflict between the Great wounded and has succumbed to his in- Powers of Europe." Chriatian Village Headmen i uries. So unsafe has Ispahan become that the Briti'sh, French, and Russian colonies have been obliged, Reuter's tele- THE Presbyterian Mission in the gram says, to leave the city for Te- Punjab is applying the native in- heran, while the Germans who are sus- stitution of the vil1age headman to the pected of having instigated the trouble, organization of the church with interpresumably remain in undisturbed tran- esting results. In the village of quility. A telegram has been received Chathianwala, for instance, there are from Dr. D. W. Carr, the secretary of six Christian headmen, "fine, stalwart the Church Missionary Society Mission, fellows," three of whom can read. At dated September 9th, which runs, "Com- the close of the first Communion servmunity ordered evacuate Ispahan go ice that had ever been held in the Ahwaz wire money direct Yezd and village, the visiting missionaries con- Kerman." ducted a ceremony of decorating these six headmen, or lambardars, with INDIA medals' and signet rings, as signs of their office. The signet ring contains Interned German Missionaries the owner's name. Medal and ring to- gether cost less than a rupee, and this ffE position of German missions expense is met from the village collec- T and missionaries in India is radically tions. No man is appointed to be a changed from what it was a year ago. lambardar until he has been a Christia,l Then it was the evident intention of at least six months. The Christian the authorities to treat German and people of a village choose their head Austrian subjects engaged in mission man with the advice of the missionary work, whether in Roman Catholic or in and the local worker. At first a lam- Protestant missions, with' special con- bardar receives a provisional certificate, sideration; but now they are treated as which is later exchanged for a permaordinary enemy subjects.' Those of nent one, when he has proved his worth. military age are interned, while the The conditions for receiving a permawomen and children and men who are nent certificate are: Habit of attendance not of military age are repatriated. At at public worship, giving suitable conthe same time Government grants are tributions, ability to pray, readiness to to be withdrawn from mission institu- learn, zeal in bringing others to Christ. tions that have been under the management and control of German and Austrian missionaries.

A writer in the (English) Baptist Baptism of a Brahman I Missionary Review says, "Present meas- Na report of the Madras Southern ures affecting German and Austrian . Pastorate, Church Missionary Society, missionaries do not indicate that Gov- particulars are given of the baptism of ernment is in the slightest degree op- a young Brahman. His name is John posed to their mission work. Until the Alfred Krishnamurthy, and he belongs public are in possession of all the in- to a respectable family on the western formation that Government has in re- coast. He has studied up to the matricu- gard to aliens of hostile nationality, it lation standard, and he is an inteUigent

and thoughtful young man. He has made Hinduism, says: "Christianity, if once a great sacrifice in having renounced grasped by anyone, of whatsoever the privileges of being a Brahman, and caste, color, or creed, makes of him, giving up his own loving mother, indeed, a new creature, both in word brothers, and sisters. He has been read- and deed. In India, it counts in its ing the life of our blessed Lord from rank and file to-day the highest caste his childhood, and he is thoroughly con- of people, as well as the lowest of the vinced that Christ is the true Lord and low: the sometime proud self-righteous Savior, and that there is salvation 'only Pharisaic Brahman, the haughty, warthrough Him. He is very thankful to like Kshattriya, like the furious lion, find that his own people are very kind who carries the marks of a ruler in to him since his baptism, and that they him, as tho he were born to govern allow him to live with them as before. the animal kingdom; the cunning and This is really an extraordinary case shrewd Banya (merchant) , and the among the non-Christians in Madras, downtrodden Sandra of the menial and we trust that this will become a rule class, the Sweeper, the Chamar, and and not an exception in India.-Church the Dom are all among the Christians, Missionary Society Gazette. and in India, in the United Provinces, they all eat together and worship to- Had No Time for Overwork gether without any distinction of caste, looking upon one another as W ORKING in a government work- members of the same family. Thank shop on the Nilgiris Hills is a God that we are one in the Lord; one young Badaga, who became a Christian faith, one baptism, and one Lord ~esus and was baptized last year. During a Christ, the Savior of all mankind." press of work, most of the employees stayed to earn overtime pay. The young CHINA convert declined, and the manager sent for him and asked: "Why don't you stay Recrudescence of Paganism in the evening and get extra pay like the others? Do you know you could AFTER the revolution in China, says nearly double your wages." At last a writer in the Christian Herald, came the astonishing answer, "Please, multitudes seemed to lose faith in their sir, I can't; I am holding Bible class idols, and many developed iconoclastic every evening." The manager, himself tendencies. Temples were desecrated, a Christian, inquired further, and found and idols torn from their positions and that this convert of only a few months' thrown in the river or trampled under standing was going every evening to foot by jeering crowds. However, alhis own Badaga village to read the tho the temples were swept of their daily Scripture Union portion to the idols, the missionary force was not young men with whom he had grown adequate to take advantage of the new up, and explaining it as far as he was conditions, or to meet the opportunity able to do, and speaking to them, one by for Christian teaching which the new one, of his Savior. Three of these order afforded. Gradually the old cusyoung men have since as'ked for and re- toms have been revived. New temples ceived, and a fourth is under instruc- have been built, old ones repaired, and tion for, baptism. the idols, once despised, have been res- cued from their places of banishment, I New Creatures in India repainted, re-robed, and amidgreatpom~ N an autobiographical retrospect, in carried by admiring crowds to their old the Church, Missionary Review, temple homes and again placed, in the Canon S. Nihal Singh, a convert from seats of honor. At Liuchow, recently,

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an old idol that two years ago had been Christian movement in China and were pulled from its ancient seat, badly batter- interested in making acquaintance· with ed and then thrown in the river, was re- Christian forces in America. One of cently patched up, repainted, and placed the number was Mr. Chi Cheh Nieh, in the seat of honor in the renowned owner of large cotton mills at Shan- temple of the Southern Plains. Hun- ghai and chairman of the boys' work dreds have flocked daily to do it honor. committee of the Y. M. C. A. of that city. His father was governor of four Further Plans of the Rockefeller Board provinces of China. His uncle, Mar- quis Tseng, was China's minister to T HE plans of the China Medical England, France, Germany, and Russia. Board of the Rockefeller Founda- His grandfather, Tseng Kuo Fan, was tion, as outlined in the report just is- China's greatest statesman of the cen- sued, include the following steps: tury.

"Send from the United States peri- The only two dailies in Peking, . odically the best qualified technicians China, printed in the English lan- guage, are edited by Chinese who were in the various branches of medicine to educated in the Presbyterian mission keep the medical school abreast each school at Shanghai, and who, while in year with the freshest and most in- that city, were members of the First spiring discoveries. Presbyterian church.

"Within the chosen area compel H. K. Tong, editor of The Peking every medical practitioner on foreign Daily News, is also a graduate of the pay to spend at least three months of Missouri University, and studied jour- every year at the central medical nalism in Columbia. school, and pay his extra expenses so incurred. This is to be the indispens- D. Y. Chang, editor of the English able condition of any work in China. edition of The Peking Gazette, was a delegate to the Edinburgh missionary "It should be the duty of every man conference, and spoke there. to select one or more of the most promising Chinese boys under his con- Do Missions Pay? trol, and fit or see that others fit him properly for scientific medicine and IT is sometimes asked, "Do missions bring him to the central school. These pay?" A satisfactory and convincing medical missionaries are to be made affirmative answer to this question has active agents in making the present recently been given by the experience schools and colleges in their respective of a Boston man who sent his check spheres of influence efficient prepara- for $500 for mission work in Fuchau, . tory schools for Chinese medical South China. This sum, as reported in students. In so far as practicable the The Missionary Herald, supported four Foundation will assist selected schools Chinese pastors and preachers. One of to meet the requirements. them is the minister of a church seat- ing 500 people, where he preaches to "Concurrently with these steps, the at least 200 every Sunday. Twenty- Foundation will establish proper nurses' eight people united with the church in training-schools for men and women, ten months. Two of these pastors always, of course, in connection with organized Bible classes, one of them large hospitals." bringing into the church SO men. An- other visited the cities where the meet- Some Notable Chinese ings that followed up the work of Mr. Sherwood Eddy were held, and to date IT is a pleasure to learn that several members of the Chinese Commercial Commission which recently toured the United States were identified with the

9,230 people have decided to study the from the Emperor himself in recog- Bible. Besides supporting these four nition of his scholarship, was offered a tlative pastors, this fund of $500 sup- place in the Department of Finance. ported 8 theological students. This This department contains the most cov- Boston business man thought that mis- eted positions. The student chose, sions do pay and he smilingly sent in however. a position elsewhere, which his check for another $500. gave him opportunities to move freely from city to city and thus to take part JAPAN-KOREA in evangelization.

Progress in a Single Field Mr. Matsumoto, whose devotion to the Okayama orphanage has already AMI S S ION A R Y correspondent become widely known, is a graduate of writes: "There are 14 centers in the Imperial Agricultural College, and our field in Japan, each with a popula- it was in the face of intense family tion ranging all the way from one hun- opposition that he abandoned two dred thousand to three hundred thousand years ago all thought of official career. people, which are still unoccupied and waiting for the coming of the Gospel THE The Union Theological School in Korea message. In one of these, the Nakatsu Rev. E. M. Cable reports that valley, with a population of 250,000, the administration building given by Buddhism was driven out a great while Mrs. Fannie Nast Gamble to the Methoago by the ruling daimio. The people dist union theological seminary at Seoul, are insistently calling for a missionary. is completed. The dormitory buildings In the southern part of Kochi Ken and a new residence for Mr. Cable. one there is an opportunity to help evan- of the teachers in the theological school, gelize a section of Japan entirely set are also ready. Last year there graduapart from the Church. These people ated a class of 17 men. The coming seem more open to the Gospel than any- year will record a much larger class, where else in Japan. The Island of quite a number of them graduates from Skikoku, with a population of 4,000,000, higher mission schools. The students has not a single Christian boys' school. in the seminary take their first year of Our mission wants to estabUsh 10 Chris- work in the Pierson Memorial Bible tian schools in our field. It will cost School. about $40,000 to establish an adequate middle school on a par with those of The Korean Church a Model the government." MR. ABBOTT, a missionary in Japanese Choose Christian Careers Chefoo, says the Korean Church IS nearer the ideal church of apostolic INSTANCES have been recorded of days than any he has ever seen or Chinese Christians who have given heard of. They have a wonderful up much more lucrative positions. in system of Bible study. There is the order to engage in Christian work. Sunday Bible School in all the church- Mr. Galen Fisher reports similar de- es, where groups are in separate cisions on the part of certain Japanese classes with a separate teacher. On students. Saturday night, the teachers have a preparation class where they get filled An honor graduate of the law de- up ready for giving out on the Sunpartment was given a position in the day. Every church also has its own Home Department of the government. special week for Bible study for its He accepted, but a little later resigned members. Each district has a week to enter training for the Christian min- for study: to which any from the istry. A classmate in the law school, so gifted as to have received a watch

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churches in that district may come. They have some hand looms but for For about two months near the end the last two years have had no place of the year, they have what they cal1 to use them. One loom has been en- the Institute when the helpers from larged so that we can have rag rugs the churches come, at their own ex- woven. pense, for definite Bible study. Then from February to April they have a Mr. McCune has recently conducted theological seminary, when the sJlecially revivals in several places. The twelve picked men from the churches come for churches of which he is pastor have more definite training. These are al1 grown rapidly.-M-rs. Geo. S. McCune. preparing for the ministry. They come from their work in the churches, AFRICA and after three months of hard study go back to their work, to live it out Heathen Customa Changed and pass it on. They are just steeped in the Bible, and the results have ARCHDEACON F. MELVILLE proved the value of such training. JONES narrates an incident of the A Missionary School at Syen Chun early days of the Niger Mission to illus- trate the power of the Gospel to create THERE are nearly one hundred new moral standards among people who had boys in the school since the open- previously been entirely lacking in them. ing of the term April 1st. This means "The chief in a town where we had not careful oversight as so much depends been before received us kindly and was upon beginning well. The dormitories willing to give us a site on which to are crowded to the limit, showing the build, but said that he hoped we would necessity of hurrying up the new not interfere with any of their customs. buildings. The first of these was that no one was allowed to keep a ram in that town. The boys do not live as they should, This peculiar local custom connected if left to provide and prepare their with their heathen rites we readily ex. 'own food; so instead of leaving them prest our willingness to respect. The to cook in little groups of four or next was that no one should interfere five as they room, Mr. McCune has di- with or take another man's wife. This vided them into clubs, and each club has we stated was in accordance with our a woman to cook for them. The boys God's law and would be observed. Then give her her food for her work and a in the same category, he told us it was little money for shoes, and so the cook- the custom when a big man or chief died, ing is better. The new building, head- to put to death many of his wives, so quarters for the work department, is that they might minister to him in the going up under Chinese contract. Of other world! On hearing that we the 148 boys in school, 84 are in need should do our best to put an end to this of work to pay part or all of their ex- cruel custom, the chief said that he penses and quite a number can work on wished he had not given us the land. this new building. However, when we told him we should use no force to accomplish our end, but The boys need to learn to work and simply teach the people God's law out the agricultural department will be the of our holy book, he was quite satisfied most profitable now and later. The car- and said we could come as soon as we penter shops are profitable too; boys liked. No book would ever have power come out quite proficient men. Weaving to break through this long-established too will be easily managed when the custom. The sequel is, there is now new building provides a room for· it. a church in the town, and the Bible has so changed the character of the people

that the old custom prevails no longer." churches, trusted as a councillor, rev- –C. M. S. Review. ered as a leader, and, above all, looked up to as a saint of God, he has done a Systematic Giving in Africa great work, and when he lays down his office others will enter upon his labors LAST year saw the establishment of and reap what he has sowed." a "builders' band" in Bunyoro, The Work of an Interned Missionary which was very satisfactory, notwithstanding the fact that it was a year of TFfE British missionaries interned famine. The Rev. H. A. Brewer says: during the war in German East "In Hoima district we have closed our first year with a roll of over 700 men, Africa include fourteen representatives women, and children, who have pledged of the Church Missionary Society, and themselves to give some set amount 40 of the Universities Mission. Friends regularly-adults not less than Rl (1s. had no word from them for many 4d.) every year, and children not less months, but a letter which came from than half a rupee. The whole sum Rev. T. B. R. Westgate, D.D., in brought in by this means amounts to August, shows how he at least has been £30 or £40, nearly all of which is sheer spending his time. Writing to Mrs. gain, i.e., would not have been given Westgate in England, he says: "I have otherwise. The principle is instilled translated Leviticus, Judges, 1 and 2 that every Christian should try to do Samuel, 1 Kings, and the fifth Book of something, and is of incalculable value, Psalms since August of last year." the tendency having grown up for the peasantry to leave all the financial sup- This devoted missionary can make his port to the chiefs, which was far from being a healthy state of things. Our own st. Paul's words: "The things teachers' and clergy's stipends are fixt on a very low rate, but we need in which have happened unto me have Hoima district every year at least £150, fallen out rather to the furtherance of and, as this has to be collected largely the Gospel."-Church Missionary Soin cents, it is easy to imagine what a ciety Gleaner. help the 'builders' scheme has been." More Rum for Africa Bishop Hartzell Retires PURSUING the subject of the ship- "AFRICA to-<1ay is God's last, if not ment of American rum to West His greatest, challenge to the Africa, the Missionary Herald says: "We take from a Boston daily this re- Christian Church." These are the port of the continuance of the traffic: words of one who, for the last eighteen years, has devoted himself to the work "'Laden with the fourth cargo of of Christ in the Dark Continent. Bishop rum, tobacco, lumber, and flour that has Hartzell is to retire next May from ser- been shipped from Boston within the vice as missionary bishop of the Method- past few months, the four-masted ist Episcopal Church. Evangelical Chris- schooner Florence Thurlow sailed totendom, an English paper, commenting day for ports on the west coast of on his retirement, says: "Wherever he Africa. Her shipments include 830 went he was an inspiring influence. His puncheons, 1,770 kegs and 392 barrels heart was drawn to all who love the of rum, 2,099 barrels of flour, 290 Lord, and he was always a living wit- tierces and 1,018 cases of leaf tobacco, ness to the spirit of Christian unity. and quantities of pine boards. Loved by men of all the evangelical .. 'The barque Ruth Stark, which r~ cently arrived from Liverpool, will sail with a similar cargo in about two weeks.'

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

"The business seems to be growing. Basel mission has heard very little since Before we throw any more stones at April. There are 700 pupils in Bali England for her forcing of opium on and 40 new pupils entered into the girls' China, we may well reflect on what the school. At the close of 1915, 25 pupils United States is doing by fortnightly and 3 women were baptized there. shipments of rum to Africa." The mission people of the southern Universities Mission and the War stations of German Southwest Africa were brought to Natal and forbidden THE report of the Universities' Mis- to return to their field of labor for the sion to Central Africa refers to the present. A Rhenish mission sister refact that 41 of its missionaries in Ger- mained voluntarily as nurse in the conman East Africa have been completely centration camp. It is hoped that the cut off from the outer world for many Rhenish missionaries will be allowed to months. There was a rumor that they remain in the northern stations of the were being well treated, but that was territory. all the information to be obtained. The drawing up of the usual report was, The Zulu Industrial School therefore, rendered somewhat difficult. Last year twelve pages were occupied THE NATAL MERCURY reports a with describing the Magila, Zigualand, dramatic scene on the occasion of and Rovuma Archdeaconries. This year there is no news about them. Added to the visit of the Governor-General of this anxiety is the uncertainty of the South Africa to the Ohlange Institute influence which the war may have upon for the Education of Natives (near the funds. During the year 19 new Phoenix), of which the Rev. John L. members joined the mission. Seven Dube is president. Lord Buxton, Lady went to Zanzibar, 7 to Nyassaland, and Buxton, the Hon. Phyllis and Lord 5 to Northern Rhodesia. Carlton arrived on July 17th.

German Mission in Africa "A crowd of natives were seen rush- ing down, brandishing shields and COMMUNICATION with mission staves, the band being under command fields is uncertain and slow even in of their chief Mandhla ka Yise, in neutral countries, but communication European dress, on horseback. The has not stopt entirely even with Ger- natives wheeled in front of the Viceman possessions in Africa and Aus- regal party, and executed a war dance. tralasia. Many German mission workers Mandhla ka Yise ("the power of his are still at their posts even tho they father") is a son of the late Chief labor under great difficulties. The native Umqawe, of the Madadi tribe, who led churches and native helpers are very a regiment of his people in the Zulu faithful even to imprisoned mission- War, and fought valiantly for Queen aries. In the British colonies, where Victoria. the German missions have worked a long time, a large number of natives "In contrast to this heathen war have been educated. dance was the crowd of fully 2,000 drest Christian natives, who gathered The German missionaries in Dahomey round the front door to hear the adhave been forbidden to write home as dresses. . . ." a retaliation for German treatment of French prisoners in the territories of Mr. Dube referred to the progress North France occupied by Germans. made by the natives in their education. From the Gras Land of Kamerun the The new building which His Excel- lency opened was built largely by stu- dents, who were paying the expenses of their education. The new building is

of sandstone, quarried on the school enabling it to take more pay students, property, and hewn by students; and in or endowment, increasing its resourcesarchitecture, workmanship, and impos- carry the burden of these hundreds of ing appearance it will compare well additional working students. Every spot with any building for native education on which a boy can sleep at night is in South Africa. In all there are 11 already full. It was a sight, crowded good buildings belonging to the institu- with lessons, to go about the dormitories tion. after lights were out at 10 o'clock and. to see the tables and floors and every MALAYSIA AND THE ISLANDS square foot of the verandas covered Anti-Christian Propaganda in Malaysia with boys on cots or on their simple mats, packed together like fishes in a THE government in Dutch East In- tin. A movement for enlargement has dies gives large subsidies to private met with enthusiastic support among the schools which meet certain require- parents of the boys and those fathers ments, including the mission-schools. who are eager to make it possible for The Mohammedan press now resents their sons who have not been able to this as an attempt of the Christian get in to enjoy the benefits of the instigovernment to force the natives to be- tute. Fifty thousand pesos, nearly, have come Christians. Behind this attack now been pledged, and the missionaries stands the European press inimical to hope to raise $50,000 gold in the islands mISSIons. Mohammedan circles oppose themselves, which they ask the home missions with the assertion of liberty Church to duplicate with another of conscience; all religions are alike, $50,000." and to invite anyone to change his religion is foolish and not right. The A New Plan for Australia anti-Christian movement in Islam is also helped by Theosophic-Buddhistic THE so-called Inland Mission Scheme papers. Orthodox: circles have also has been devised by the General their energetic representatives, and Assembly of Australia to meet the their influence is growing. They are spiritual and medical needs of the white publishing magazines which have no dwellers in the great interior of the other mission but to combat Christian- country. Three years ago the Assemity with intellectual weapons, but they bly, realizing how hopeless were the are imitating various missionary meth- attempts of the weaker churches in variods, and it is ;aid that they even pro- ous States to minister to the scattered pose to organize a Mohammedan Sal- popUlation at mining camps, sheep and vation Army. cattle stations, and small townships, de- cided to excise from the various States A A Fountain of Living Waters an area of about 2,000,000 square miles, FTER a recent visit to the Philip- nearly two-thirds of the country, and pil)es Robert E. Speer has written: set this specially apart to be worked by "Silliman Institute at Dumaguete has the whole Church of Australia. The become a fountain of living water for difficulties are very great, because of all the Central and Southern Philippine the scattered nature of the population Islands. The morning of the day of and the enormous distances. It is proour arrival it enrolled 699 students, and posed to employ ministers, missionaries, two more came in during the day. and qualified deaconess-nurses who are Three hundred boys, eager to come to whole-hearted for God, the ministers work their way, have been refused this and missionaries to itinerate in the loneyear, as the school has no room for ly bush homes, pointing the people to more, and can not-without extension,

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

the God of their fathers, and the our chapel is quite inadequate to seat trained nurses to be settled in the small the entire congregation." centres of population, where small hostels will have to be built. These nurses "An amazing change has taken place. will really take the place of doctors, and will make it their special care to r am preaching the gospel to crowded rob of its terrors the crisis of motherhood for the wives of the pioneers. houses, often there not being standing They will be missionaries, too, and will room." point the way to the Physician of the souls of men. "In two years we have outgrown our quarters twice, and now have the great MISCELLANEOUS problem of building a church capable of holding our congregations." Bright Bita of Miuionary News "The school enrollment has increased THE following extracts from mission- 200 per cent." ary letters give a faint glimpse of the encouraging progress in many mis- "On my last visit the church was sion fields. The pressure on mission packed to overflowing, a large number boards for larger. appropriations and having to sit on mats spread on the more missionaries is tremendous: ground in the yard."

"The people receive us into their Number of Jesuits in the World homes as never before, and many pupils are turned away from the schools for AMERICA, a Roman Catholic pub-' lack of room." Jication, gives the following figures "The hospital is enj oying greater concerning the Jesuits of the world: popularity than at any time in its pre- "On January I, 1914, the society numvious history. The old and bitter preju- bered 8,262 priests, 4,481 scholastics, dice is passing. Patients of every class 4,151 lay brothers; in all, 16,894. Of are crowding in from towns and villages this number 2,183 priests,429 scholfar and near. Our present accommoda- astics, and 1,027 lay brothers, totaling tions are utterly inadequate to meet the 3.639 are on foreign fields. In the demands." United States, including Alaska, there are 2,676 Jesuits. Of these 1,2II are "In despair, the people are now look- priests, 910 scholastics, and 555 lay ing to Christianity as never before." brothers. These are divided among four provinces-Maryland and New "The whole attitude of the people to- York, with 895 members; Missouri with ward us and our work has changed." 859 members; California, with 404, and New Orleans, with 243. In addition "The schools are badly overcrowded, to these, 265 Jesuits, mostly members and for four years we have been unable of European provinces, are working in to increase the number of boarders for the Philippines, in Colorado and New lack of room." Mexico. The annual increase pf the society in tIle United States on Jan- "Our school enrollment since last Sep- uary I, 1914. was 58, and of the whole tember has increased more than 70 per society, 180." cent." Growth of Bible Circulation "The old spirit of hostility is broken down, and the people everywhere listen IT is but little more than a century ago attentively to the message–a vast change that Voltaire prophesied that in a from former conditions. The doors' hundred years the Bible would be an exstand wide open on every hand, but, tinct book. How has that prophecy been alas! we have not the workers to enter fulfilled? From 1804 to 1817 the total them. Our Boys' School had to refuse issues of Bibles and portions of the same many applicants for lack of room, and in all Europe and America were about

three million copies, or an average of may be said that she laid down her life less than a quarter of a million a year, in the service of the people of Turkey. distributed in less than seventy languages. At present the thirty Bible so- Mrs. Ussher died at Van, her miscieties of the world which exist for the sionary home for sixteen years, and the specific purpose of publishing the Word scene of her indefatigable labors of God without note or comment, issue through the long terror of the recent the whole Bible or portions of it in over siege. 500 languages and the aggregate circulation is about 18,000,000 copies a year. Mrs. Raynolds, of Van, who had seen Then there are the Bibles and portions nearly fifty years of missionary serprinted by private publishing firms, re- vice, survived to reach Tiflis, but not to turns of which have recently been welcome her husband, who arrived gathered for the first time, and these add there on his way back from the Uni- 10,000,000 copies to the annual output. ted States two days after her death. Thus we have 28,000,000 or more than 120 times the annual output of a century Dr. Raynolds, Dr. Ussher and his ago. And besides this, there are the three children, and other members of many millions of copies of texts and the Van Mission returned to New York quotations circulated annually in our in October. marvelously developed Sabbath-school literature and the literature of the Miss Ely entered into rest from Bitchurches. lis, which also for nearly fifty years had been her home, and where she was OBITUARY NOTES the beloved principal of "Mt. Holyoke Seminary" and in charge of women's Dr. Stephen O. Benton of New York work over the large outlying field.

D R. STEPHEN O. BENTON, for Booker T. Washington 13 years corresponding secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the O N November 14th, in Tuskegee, Ala- Methodist Episcopal Church, died at bama, where he founded his famous his home in Mt. Vernon, N. Y., from Institute, Dr. Booker T. Washington lmemic poisoning, October 23, 1915, passed away. The cause of his death at the age of sixty-six. was hardening of the arteries. A sketch of his life and work wi1 appear in an His father and grandfather were early number of the REVIEW. Methodist preachers, and he was born at Middletown, Conn., April 30, 1849. Rev. A. E. Casalis of France In 1869 he was married to Miss Ellen M. Taft, of Stafford Springs, Conn., ALFRED EUGENE CASALIS, the and in 1870 entered the ministry in 19-year-old grandson of the distin- Providence Conference, of which he guished founder of the Basutoland was presiding elder from 1890 to 1896. Mission, lost his life III a severe en- gagement north of Arras, in which 64 In 1902 he was elected Recording Sec- out of the 7S III his company were retary of the Board of Foreign Missions, killed. in which capacity he served with faithfulness and efficiency. In Paris he had made brilliant prog- ress in classical studies, and had en- Missionary Deaths in Turkey tered the Theological Faculte at the University of Montauban, with a view T HE Eastern Turkey Mission has lost to beco'11in'S a missionary in his turn. three of its members, Mrs. Clarence Cal1ed to join his regiment in January, D. Ussher and Mrs. George C. Ray- he was invalided out, but rejoined as a nolds, of Van, and Miss Charlotte E. volunteer in April, tho not obliged to Ely, of Bitlis, of each of whom it do so. Alfred Casalis was everywhere beloved. An earnest Christian, "the joy of the Lord was his strength." ~m 'm~' BOOKS ON MISSIONS ! . AND MISSION LANDS <.:._..""./,/ -……..

11 dlllil Childhood in the Moslem World. By train them, to transform them, to have Samuel M. Zwemer. Illustrated. 8vo. Jesus Christ transfigure their lives by 273 pp. $2.00. Revell, 1915. His indwelling. We can see by faith the day approaching when these children Dr. Zwemer not only has a profound shall grow up to the measure of the knowledge of Moslem life, gained by 25 stature of the fulness of Christ." years in Mohammedan lands, but he is also skilled in presenting his facts in Christianity and the Jew. An appeal to stirring and convincing fashion to Chris- the Church of Christ. By Delaware W. tian audiences. Scott. 12mo. 100 pp. 75 cents. Stan- dard Publishing Co., Cincinnati, 1915. This valuable study of the condition Israel is the great enigma of history of Moslem children is compelling in hu- man interest and appealing to Christian unless revealed in the light shed by the sympathy. The book is exceedingly rich Old and New Testaments. But the negin facts. It reveals good and bad details lect and persecution of Israel by Chrisof child life in Mohammedan homes in tians is difficult to understand in any Arabia, Africa, Turkey, China, India, light. It is a dark record. Persia, and elsewhere. Dr. Zwemer, and the many authorities that he quotes, de- Mr. Scott takes up the subject in an scribe the life of Moslem children from elementary way, and makes an earnest, their birth, often amid dirt and disease, convincing .plea for missions to the Jews. their education-religious but immoral- Briefly, and without traversing new their early marriage and frequent ground, he surveys the Jew as revealed divorce, and on to death. in the Bible and in history; the Jew in literature, arts, and science; the Jews' No one who loves children as Dr. Zwe- contribution to religion and the present mer loves them, and sees in them the crisis in Judaism. The author lacks inpossibility of Christlikeness, can read formation and makes a mistake in stating this description of the woes and evils that there is no work for the Jews. Apof Moslem childhood without being parently he is ignorant of the many deeply stirred. Eighty millions of these Christian missions to Israel in Engchildren are as yet practically untouched land, America, Germany, Palestine, by Christian missions. The hope of win- North Africa, and elsewhere. The book ning the followers of Mohammed to is, howeveF, a good primer to put in the Christ lies in the children-before they hands of those uninformed and willing are blighted with the poison of Islam. to consider our debt and present duty to- "The evangelization of the Moslem ward God's ancient people. world in this generation," says Dr. Zwemer, "may dismay even the most daunt- Called to the Colors and other Stories. less faith, but the evangelization of the 12mo. 199 pp. $1.00. Christian Women's coming generation is not an impossible Peace Movement, West Medford, Mass., task to those who have witnessed the ac- 1915. cessibility and responsiveness of child- While not a missionary book in the hood. . . . Then comes the inspiration of the latent possibilities in Moslem generally accepted sense, this is a volume childhood; of what it would mean to of stories with a mission-a mission of peace. The most striking and powerful story is the last, entitled, "The Iron Cross." It is a worthy winner of the result of seed planted by the Christian prize offered by the Christian Woman's Peact Movement, and adapts the story preacher and teacher. If anyone still of the Crucified One to the present warfare. Each of the seven stories has its doubts the practical efficacy of Christian own peculiar force and beauty. Together they ring out in harmonious chimes the missions in Asia, Africa, South America, first Christmas message of the angelic hosts, "Glory to God . . . Peace on and the islands, let him be convinced by Earth." reading the story of Korea, of the West Study of a Rural Parish. A Method of African mission, of Un Ro, of the Survey. By Ralph A. Felton. 8vo. Missionary Education Movement, New Church in Rio de Janeiro, and of the York, 1915. work for blind, insane, and leprous. Such Mr. Felton has here compiled a: set a text-book promises to awaken young of suggested blanks for the use of pastors of rural churches who wish to study people, not only to a deeper interest in their fields scientifically. There is also an excellent and full bibliography of foreign missions but to better service in volumes bearing on the subject. It is a book ready for real and practical use. the home church.

The Churches at Work. By Charles L. NEW BOOKS White. Illustrated. 12mo. 226 pp. 60 cents. Missionary Education Movement, Williams College and Foreign Missions. New York, 1915. Biographical Sketches of Williams Col- The problems facing Christian lege. Men who have rendered Special Service to the Cause of Foreign Missions. churches in America are numerous and By John H. Hewitt. Illustrated, xi-641 serious. Dr. White shows what they are pp. Pilgrim Press, Boston, 1914. by concrete examples. Better still, he shows how they have been solved by Called. By E. May Crawford. 185 pp. spiritual forces at work in city and coun- 2s.6d. C. M. S., London, 1915. try districts, among foreigners and Americans, by social forces and spiritual The Judson Centennial, 1814-1914. methods. This is a text-book for mission Edited by Howard B. Grose and Fred study classes, but it contains an array P. Haggard. II1ustrated. 305 Pl>. $1. of facts valuable to any American American Baptist Pub. Society, Phila- delphia, 1914. reader. The People of India. By Sir Herbert Rising Churches in Non-Christian Lands. Risley, KC.S.I. Second edition, edited By Arthur ]. Brown. Illus'trated. 8vo. by W. Crooke. Illustrated. xxxii-472 236 pp. 60 cents. Missionary Educa- pp. Thacker, London, 1915. tion Movement, New York, 1915. The transformat'ion of individuals The Stolen God and Other Experiences of Indian Palace Life. By Dr. Nina and of communities in non-Christian Ottmann. Illustrated. 85 pp. Is., net. lands constitutes the miracle of mod- Carey Press, London, 1915. ern history. The stories of the beginnings, growth, and methods of typical South and South Central Africa: A churches, as described by Dr. Brown, Record of Fifteen Years' Missionary make a deep impression. Here we see the Labors among Primitive Peoples. By rise of churches, the development of H. Frances Davidson. Illustrated. 481 education, the increase of industry, the pp. $1.50. Brethren Pub. House, Elgin, -extension of missionary work-all as the II1., 1915.

Tahan: Out of Savagery Into Civiliza- tion. An Autobiography. By Joseph K. Griffis. IlIustrated. 263 Pl>. $1.25. Doran, New York, 1915.

The History of the Melanesian Society. By W. H. R. Rivers. 2 volumes. 36s., net. Cambridge University Press, Lon- don. 1914.

Confucianism and Its Rivals. The Hib- bert Lectures. Second Series. By Her- bert A. Giles. 271 pp. 6s., net. Wil- liams & Norgate, London, 1915.

The Gods of Northern Buddhism: Their History, Iconography, and Pro- gressive Evolution through the Northern Buddhist Countries. With a general in- troduction in Buddhism. Translated from the French of J. Deinter by Alice Getty. Illustrated. £3. 3s., net. 246 pp. Claredon Press, London, 1914.

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1915

f012

MISSIONA~Y FIRES 1. Leaders of the Student Volunteer Movement formerly estimated that 20,000 students would be needed to evangelize the world in this gener- ation. People said this was too large a number to call for, yet 45,000 students from Germany alone have volunteered for the present war. (See page 574.) 2. There are said to be 700,000 gypsies in Europe-not all of them wandering tribes. Very little Christian work is being done among them. In Bul- garia twenty families of gypsies have been formed into an evangelical church, and the whole life of the community has been transformed. (See page 622.) 3. Pope Benedict IX. has put himself on record in a striking way in favor of the reading of the New Testament in the vernacular in the homes of the people. (See page 561.) 4. Seventeen hundred walled cities of China are now, for the first time, open to the Gospel. Fifteen of these cities in Shantung province are to be occupied by graduates of Shantung University, some of whom have given up well-paid Government positions to undertake this Christian work. (See page 589.) 5. Many non-Christians in Japan and in China are being reached with the Gospel through the wise use of space in the daily secular newspapers. (See page 594.) 6. Ten thousand girls are at work in factories in Buenos Aires under very unsatisfactory conditions. The majority are between eleven and eighteen years of age. Child-labor laws are sadly needed in the Ar- gentine Republic. (See page 600.) 7. N estorian Christians in Persia are showing a martyr spirit. One girl of seventeen not only saved her life and her right to remain a Christian, but won praise from the Turkish commander for her course. (See page 563.) 8. Gratitude to the missionary doctor who saved the life of his little son has led an Indian Rajah to erect a fine new building for the hospital at Guntur. (See page 625.) 9. Hindu idols, discarded by native converts, and melted down, formed the material out of which has been cast the church bell in Travancore. (See page 626.) 10. Aeroplanes are being used in missionary warfare as well as on European battlefields. During the recent evangelistic campaign an enterprising Japanese aviator scattered Christian pamphlets over the city of Osaka. (See page 630.) 11. The entire population of an Indian island off British Columbia has become Christian, tho forty years ago the people were head-hunters. (See page 633.)

HENRY W

An El ect Lady in 1fissionary Service (See page 59 7 for sketch o f he .. w<}rk fo r mi ssions) I E IE F THE WORLD Vol. XXXVIII, No.8 AUGUST, 1915 Vol. XXVIII, No.8 Old Series New Series mSIGNS'W OF'W THEw TIMES i I 1111111 ,1111111 II!; 1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIillllllllllllllllllllllili 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111,", BIBLES FOR ROMAN CATHOLICS their origin in the fact that the doc- trine and works of Jesus Christ have T HE Society of St. Jerome in been utterly forgotten and men no longer draw from them their inspira- Italy was formed, in 1902, under tion for daily life." the sanction of Leo XIII, and endeavored to secure the wide circu- The Pope went on to say: "We lation of the New Testament in ardently desire that, as a result of Italian. Nearly a million copies of your zeal, you may obtain not only the Gospels and Acts had been scat- an ever larger spread of the Gospels, tered among the people of Italy but also that the holy books may find through this agency, when its work their way into the homes of all Chriswas stopt by the opposition of the tian families, and there may become advisors of Pope Pius X. the evangelical 'piece of silver' dili- gently sought after and jealously The Society was, however, kept kept, so that all the faithful may get secretly alive, and when Benedict accustomed to read the holy Gospels XV. was elected pope, Cardinal Cas- and to comment on them daily, and seta petitioned for new pontifical thus may learn to live in perfect approval. Benedict, in his answer, harmony with God's will." recalled the fact that he himself as a bishop had been one of the foun- Professor Luzzi, the Waldensian ders of the movement. The object leader of Florence, understands the of the society-dissemination of the reference to "comment" on the Bible Scriptures-he pronounced an "aim in the homes of the people as implywhich has, indeed, been useful in all ing an allowable exercise of that ages but is especially adapted to our private judgment on Scripture which times. . . . Experience teaches that the papacy historically tried to supall deviations of present society have The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge' responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.-~EDITORS.

press. This is the most significantly effective, except in North Persia, liberal utterance to which a pope has there has been a general upheaval appended his signature in centuries. and spirit of unrest throughout the FREEDOM GAINING IN SPAIN Turkish Empire and Persia. In Palestine, the Jews have been T HE Spanish Government has re- opprest, and thousands have been cently introduced a bill abolish- compelled to flee in poverty, leaving ing the clause that compelled naval families and possessions behind them.

officers to attend the Roman Catholic 1t is a reversal of the Exodus, for Mass of the Holy Spirit, if by so now the Jews are forced to flee- doing they violated their consciences. sometimes five thousand on a single The bill was subsequently withdrawn, steamer-and are finding a refuge in but will no doubt be again introduced Egypt. There is persistent talk of at a later date. Palestine being made a Jewish state after the war is over-if so, it will A Spanish evangelical Christian not long ago left a large sum of be a clear fulfilment of prophecy. money to build a fine church in The British and French mission- Madrid. This has now been com- aries in Palestine have, for the most pleted and opened for Protestant part, been expelled, but American worship. In Sabadell the church missions are t1l1molested, and have under the direction of Bishop Cabrera proved a haven of refuge for many. has also acquired a magnificent center Van, in Eastern Turkey, was long for its work, which will give it a besieged by the Kurds, but has regood church, excellent schools, and a cently been relieved by the Russians, residence for its minister. More than and now the Christian missionaries 250 pupils attend the schools, a hun- are calling for relief for the sufferdred communicants are on its roll, ing Moslems there. Letters from all and a Christian Endeavor Society is over Turkey speak of great distress an active aid to recruiting the con- and of the need of relief for sick gregation. The Rev. Franklyn Smith, and wounded, orphans and widows. the Wesleyan minister in Barcelona, Am.bassador Morgenthau has cabled: reports many signs of progress and "All stations begging relief funds. a great change of public opinion to- Some say starvation is threatened. ward the vigorous educational and Please help quickly." evangelical movements under his charge. There have been threats of mas- sacres of Armenians, not only in Van IN TURKISH BATTLE FIELDS but in Aintab, Zeitoun, Marash, and elsewhere, but these have been avert- W BILE many of the mission ed through the prompt action of fields in Africa and Asia, and Turkish officials and foreign repre- even in South America, have been sentatives. In the midst of danger, seriously affected by the great war, turmoil, and suffering most of the those that will probably most per- American missionaries have remained manently feel the results are the mis- at their posts. It is reported that sions in Moslem lands. While the Ohristian families from Marash are Jihad, or "Holy War," has not been being deported south into the Mosul-

OF THE

Bagdad region of Turkish Arabia. urgent need for at least $50,000 more Armenians and Greeks in the Vilavets of Erzerum, Va-n, Bitlis, Diar- for the relief of the despoiled and bekir, Harput, Sivas, and Adana are suffering Christians. also said to nave been pitilessly evicted by thousands, while their prop- In U rumia the death of Mrs. Mcerty has been confiscated, and they Dowell and Mrs. Shedd was folhave' been driven away to die of lowed by the very serious illness starvation. This will mean the crush- from typhoid of Dr. Packard, Mrs. ing of the educated Christian popu- Cochran, Dr. Coan, Mrs. Coan, lation, and will menace the noble Misses Lewis, Schoebel, Lamone, work of the American mission. and Bertha Shedd. Most of these missionaries were, however, on the The crisis in Moslem lands can not road to recovery. Mr. Labaree concontinue indefinitely, and when the tinues : power of Turkey is finally broken and the last strong Moslem govern- "There are no funds to help these ment falls, it is likely to affect the people, and thousands are looking to temporal condition of all Moslem us for bread. We have done all we peoples. The time may then be at could, and if our efforts fail we can hand when new opportunities will only wait and see them die of discome for the preaching of the Gospel ease and starvation unless God finds of Christ throughout the Mohamme- some other way of helping them." dan world, and when those who have feared to confess their faith in Him In the college compound at Urumia will see the impotence of Moham- six hundred Christian refugees died med, will remember the loving and and many more in the city and disself-sacrificing service of Christian trict. Many incidents of heroism on missionaries, and will turn to Him the part of the Christians show that who is the Light of Life and the only these Nestorian Christians have the Savior of the world. spirit of martyrs. One Christian girl of seventeen who remained in WORD FROM PERSIA Salmas with her old father, saw him killed by the 'Kurds, and escaped only THE Rev. Robert M. Labaree, of by shooting the horse from under her the Presbyterian Board, wrote on pursuer. The Moslems tried to bribe her to become a Moslem, but May 6th last that he had arrived she refused, and threatened to kill safe at home in Tabriz, after a sud- herself if any attempt was made to den and exciting departure from Sal- compel her to change her faith. The mas. An overwhelming force of Turkish commander at Dilman final- Turks and Kurds attacked the place, ly sent for her, saying she was braver and Mr. Labaree, in endeavoring to than any of his soldiers. She found negotiate terms of peace, was nearly a refuge with the Karguzar until the caught between two firing lines. return of the Russians. Many Mos- lems in various villages did their best In Persia, the reign of terror seems to hide and save their Christian to have passed, since the Russians neighbors from the cruel Kurds. It again occupied U rumia. But the is not surprizing that some of the distress still continues, and there is Nestorians could not resist the temp-

tation to turn Moslems, but most of baptism has had to be withheld in them chose death in preference. In some places because there were not larger districts of Northern Persia enough workers to train the inquir- the Christians have practically been ers. In the United Provinces, par- obliterated-nay, rather, they are like ticularly in the districts around Mee- grains of wheat that have fallen into rut and Aligarh, village after vil- the ground and have died, but will lage is asking for teachers, amI ba- thereby bring forth much fruit. zar and village preaching has had to be stopt at Aligarh, as all the SIGNS OF PROGRESS IN SIAM workers were needed to instruct con- verts. Church Missionary Society T HERE has been a revival of workers say that with increased ef- forts a mass movement of the whole Buddhism in Siam. The King race of the Santals might result, but says that a man without religion is with the present staff no forward but little better than a beast, without movement is possible. There is a sim- a soul; and Buddhism is his religion ilar hopefulness in the Gond mission. and that of his people. On all sides there is much more devotion to Bud- The one solution of the mass dhism among all classes of people movement problem lies in the train- than formerly. Work along all edu- ing of a greater force of Indian cational lines in Siam has greatly ad- workers. How would Christianity vanced. A very large tract of land flourish in rural England or Ameri- east of the city of Bangkok has been ca if 90 per cent. of the people were selected, and preparations are rapidly wholly illiterate, and there were no being made to establish a University resident clergymen in fully 90 per for Siam. Schools for girls are being cent. of the villages containing Chris- opened in all provinces, and super- tians? intendents for schools have been ap- pointed. The mission schools (Pres- "EFFICIENCY METHODS" IN CHINA byterian) have also been more full of pupils than ever. Several missionary HE FFICIENCY" is a byword of teachers took part, last September, in the Conference of Christian Workers, the present day. It has be- held in Bangkok. For the first time come almost a "fad," but the defi- a Siamese chairman was elected, and nition and standard of efficiency is he conducted the meetings with ease not universally acknowledged. In and dignity. recent years many improved methods have been introduced into mission PROBLEMS OF MASS MOVEMENTS work both at home and abroad. On IN INDIA the foreign field missIOnaries are working for better organization, and T HE mass movement in India is toward giving the native church a larger share of responsibility. In still a very urgent problem before the North China Mission of the the Christian Church. In the Pan- American Board, for example, where o jab the gathering in of thousands is all questions had heretofore been in hindered only by lack of workers. In the hands of foreigners, the annual Western India, among the Mahars, meeting last year changed the rule

and formed a Chinese and foreign tions-all working independently, but organization. more or less closely associated with the various denominations. With a The Station Association consists of view to bringing about closer coall foreigners with proper language operation between these societies, the qualifications, ·Chinese who have had Federal Churches of Christ in Ameritheological training and others, both ca called a conference of leaders to men and women, elected by the meet in Atlantic City on June 4th. churches. The principal committees The following organizations respondare evangelistic, medical and educa- ed: tional, with executive and business committees made fr0111 members, The International Sunday-School Asboth foreign and Chinese. sociation.

"One feels sure," says a mission- Sunday-School Council of Evangeliary, "that every bit of capital in- cal Denominations. vested now, of money or time or thought or prayer, is going to bring Internatiomi.l Committee Y. M. C. A. big dividends." Nationa1 Board of the Y. W. C. A. United Society of Christian Endeavor. NEW PENTECOSTS IN KOREA Epworth League. Baptist Young People's Union. REPORTS that have been coming Brotherhood of Saint Andrew. from various centers indicate Brotherhood of Andrew and Philip. Denominational Brotherhoods. that Korea is being blest with an- Brotherhood Bible Class Movements. other great revival such as it had in Laymen's Missionary Movement. ICjo6-1907. The beginnings of the Missionary Education Movement. work in Seoul have already been de- Home Missions Council. scribed (p. 326, May). The revival Woman's Council for Home Missions. has set the whole city on fire. In Religious Press Association. Pyeng-Yang the revival followed a Local and State Federations. Bible class for Christians. Rev. Wm. Blair writes: "Counting the local The theme of the entire confer- Christians, a total of over twelve ence was the possibilities of an adhundred organized workers took part vance step in "working together in the campaign, and the best thing among the Christian forces in Ameriabout it all is that the men from the ca." Mr. Fred B. Smith was selected country went back to their local as chairman, and a commission on churches so enthused that we are inter-church activities was appointed. now having repetitions of the Pyeng- The one hundred men and women Yang meetings on a smaller scale III present as delegates constitute aggresevery direction." sive leaders actually engaged in the fields of labor they represent. The INTERCHURCH ACTIVITIES commission is to call a conference of leaders some time during the year to THERE are in the United States outline a program for fuller and more of America fifteen or more inter- effective cooperation.

denominational religious organiza- "He who has said 'Our Father' is either a missionary or a hypocrite"

EVENTS

August July 28th to Aug. 2d-Laymen's Missionary Movt. Conf., Lake Geneva, Wis. July 30th to Aug. 8th-Woman's Summer Schools of Miss., New Concord, O. 30th to Aug. 9th-Christian and Miss. Alliance Conv., Old Orchard Beach, Me. 31st to Aug. 7th-Reformed Church in U. S. Missionary Can£., Mt. Gretna, Pa. 1st to 3d-World's Bible Congress, San Francisco, Cal. 3d to 8th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Okoboji, Arnold's Park, Ia. 4th to 8th-Missionary Education Movement' Conference, Lake Geneva, Wis. 6th to 15th-International Convention of Young People's Alliance of the Evangelical Association, Lorima, Wis. 8th to 15th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Lake Geneva, Wis. 8th-United Presbyterian Mission established in India, 1865. 13th to 22d-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Wooster, Ohio. 20th-The 80th anniversary of the founding of the Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of Protestant Episcopal Church. 25th to 29th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Chatauqua, N. Y.

September 2d to 5th-International Woman's Missionary Society of the Evangelical As- sociation Convention, Marion, Ohio.

9th-The 75th anniversary of the death of Ko-thah-byu, Burma, 1840.

October 7th-General Conference of the Evangelical Association, Los Angeles, Cal. 12th-Provincial Synod Protestant Episcopal Church, Concord, N. H. 12th-Provincial Synod Protestant Episcopal Church, Chicago, Ill. 17th to 20th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Buffalo, N. Y. 19th-Provincial Synod Protestant Episcopal Church, Sewanee, Tenn. 20th to 22d, 24th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conf., Detroit, Mich. 21st to 27th-National Congregational Council, New Haven, Conn. 24th to 27th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Chicago, Ill. 24th to 27th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Pueblo, Colo. 25th-American Missionary Association Conference, New Haven, Conn. 27th to 29th, 31st-Laymen's Missionary Movement Con£., Pittsburgh, Pa. 27th to 29th, 31st-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conf., Denver, Colo. 28th-Tenth anniversary, martyrdom of Eleanor Chestnut, China, 1905. 31st to Nov. 3d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Topeka, Kan.

November 2d to 5th-Medical Missionary Conference, Battle Creek, Mich. 3d to 5th, 7th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Wichita, Kan. 3d to 5th, 7th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Baltimore, Md. 7th to 10th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Philadelphia, Pa. 7th to lOth-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Mitchell, S. Dak. 10th to 12th, 14th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conf., Milwaukee, Wis.

Message of the Hour*

BY JOHN R. MaTT, LL.D., NEW YORK Chairman Continuation Committee of the Vorld's Missionary Conference LTHO I have been go- other day I read a new book called "France Herself Again." The Ro- IAl ing to Europe each man Catholic writer seeks to bring year for twenty-five out the fact that in recent years years (with the excep- France has reverted to her best type. tion of one year), I have never known Eu- Instead of that old volatile, emo- rope until my recent visit. You can tional, talkative and changeable not know a nation, as you can not France, one finds to-day a France know an individual, until that nation characterized by poise, by quietness, has been subjected to impossible by great firmness of purpose. The strain; then one becomes acquainted same is true of the other nations. with the weaknesses of a nation as well as with its strength. When a 3. Then in each country the peo- people are not thinking of how they ple seem CONFIDENT as to the ultiare appearing or what they are say- mate outcome. Even the Belgian ing, you see that people as they are. refugee, swept out of his borders in A few months ago I was permitted the darkest hour of the history of to enter into fellowship with the suf- his people, had no mental reserva- ferings of these wonderful peoples tions whatever as to the .ultimate of Europe. triumph of his cause.

Recent Impressions of Europe 4. Then it was very interesting to notice how each country is trying to 1. Each of these countries now at justify its position before the rest of the world. This war is not an indiwar is apparently PERFECTLY UNITED. cation of the breakdown of the Christian religion. Wha't event have There are rifts in each one beneath we had in the history of the world which has shown so fully that Christhe surface, but they are not appar- tianity has been getting in its work of education and of quickened conent. Take France, for example. sciences, so that every people in this great struggle seem to be uncomfort- How strange it seems to find Prot- able unless they can make clear the righteousness of their cause. estants, Roman Catholics, Jews, and War and Religion Agnostics fused together in a com- 5. Each country looks upon this mon patriotism and devotion. In as a "HOLY WAR." I think that the Germany, too, we find such extremes Russians are the most religious peo- ple in the world in the sense of reas the Social Democrats and the ultra autocratic section of the government, have blended their ·differences In a common central purpose.

2. I received the impression, also, that the people in each country are THOROUGHLY DETERMINED. The • The substance of an address deliYered at tbe Laymen's Missionary Convention of the Southern Preshyterian Church, Charlotte, :,. C, February 16, 1915.

sponsiveness to religion and its emo- Thy love, for Thou hast given us all tional manifestations. The Russians things; are literally going in this war from their knees. The following are a few "Grant this, 0 Lord." extracts from a Litany now in use 6. Hitherto, I have been imprest among the Russian Orthodox church- by the fact that in France the edues, not only in Holy Russia, but even cated class, and the most virile and in Siberia: purposeful men of that class, were indifferent or hostile to religion. "Fight with those that fight, and pro- This year, wherever I went I found tect the sailor, defend the widows, shield churches and chapels and cathedrals the orphans, succor the wounded, heal crowded to suffocation, not only the sick; with women, but with the men who had not actually gone to the front. "Grant this, 0 Lord. In Germany, too, I think I never "Remember all those, the brave and found greater religious devotion the true, who have died the death of than in this year. The churches are honor, and have departed in the hope of filled, not only on Sundays but on the resurrection to eternal life, in that week-days as well, and no regiment place of light where sorrow and mourn- goes forward without partaking of ing are far banished; give them rest, 0 the Holy Sacrament. The song that Lord, thou lover of man; I heard sung most by the soldiers "Grant this, 0 Lord. was not "Die vVacht Am Rhein," or "Stretch forth Thy hand from on high "Deutschland Ueber Alles," but the and touch the hearts of our enemies, that Luther hymn, "Ein Feste Burg." they may turn unto Thee, the God of They kept repeating the second peace, Who lovest Thy creatures; and verse: for Thy Name's sake strengthen us who put our trust in Thee; and by Thy might "Did we in our own selves confide, hear us who beseech Thee; and have Our strivings would be losing, mercy, Lord, have mercy." Were not the right Man on our side, The Man of God's own choosing. Notice this-it meant much more Dost ask who this may be? to me after I saw the awful suffer- Christ Jesus it is He, ing of the horses: Lord Sabaoth is His name, From age to age the same, "And for those also, 0 Lord, the dumb And He must win the battle." beasts who with us bear the burden and heat of the day and offer their guileless I was talking with an English sollives for the well-being of their country; dier who had been invalided home. we supplicate Thy great tenderness of He was an earnest Christian, and heart, for Thou dost promise to save said to me, "It was awfully hard to both man and beast, and great is Thy turn the machine-guns on a regiment loving kindness, 0 Master, Savior of the of Germans when we heard the famiworld. liar strains of the Luther hymn."

"Lord, have mercy. In England and Scotland I found "Bless by Thy spring, the crown of the spirit of religious awakening also the present year; stay the hinderers markedly manifest. There is a reof justice; restrain the raging of the na- vival of religion all over Europe totions; and accept us all in Thy kingdom; "Make us sons of the light and sons of the day, and bestow on us Thy peace and

MESSAGE OF THE

day. I would characterize it as an the out-of-the-way recesses of Scot- Old Testament revival-one toward land and Wales. In Germany, even the God of Battles or the Lord of on that one journey I passed over Hosts-as contrasted with a revival 200,000 soldiers being moved to the toward our Lord Jesus Christ. But western border. It reminded me of discerning leaders in these countries that word of Bismarck, as he looked recognize the danger, and are seek- down to the time when Germany ing to carry this religious movement would have enemies on both fronts; over into a spiritual experience. he said, "Then we will have three 7. There is a great underswell of armies-one on the east, one on the REFORM sweeping over the European west, and one on the railways."

nations to-day. Take, for example, In France, the battle front, that the abolition of the production and vast arch of fire and blood, reached sale of vodka, the most damaging 360 miles from the English Channel of all liquors, in Russia. A few to the Swiss Mountains. I saw the years ago, that great Russian 'states- gigantic proportions of the struggle man, Witte, gathered under the con- that has summoned to the colors of trol of the government all the pro- all these belligerent nations over 20,- duction and sale of vodka, and from 000,000 men. If you add nearly that income financed the Japanese- 4,000,000 more who have been mobi- Russian war. To-day, when all the lized in Italy, the Balkan States, other European nations are scraping Switzerland, Holland, and the Scan- together all the money they can get, dinavian group, a gigantic force Russia, by one stroke, has done away stands out before you.

with an annual income of $35°,000,- It is a COSTLY wAR. From the 000 gold. This abolition obtains not first of this war, the average expense alone in cities where troops are con- per day for military and naval pur- ,centrated, but in hundreds of thou- poses has been over $37,000,000 gold sands of villages, stretching away out -some say over $5°,000,000. That even into Siberia. is the smallest part of it. Add the In Paris, on the day that war was awful work of demolition in Nor- declared, the Prefect of Police in one thern France, Belgium, Galicia, Po- day abolished the sale of absinthe. land, and East Prussia, and we get a His lead was followed by the other better idea of the great price that is prefects, and a friend said to me: being paid. Then nearly all the ar- "Now you can not buy absinthe mies of Europe, with the exception from one end of France to the of England, are conscriptive, so that other." not enly the peasants and low-paid A Colo••al ConOict individuals must go, but bankers, 8. Of course, the COLOSSAL DI- heads of corporations and companies, MENSIONS of this struggle impress lawyers, doctors, statesmen, profes- me. The British Isles are a vast sors, all high-paid labor, and others, armed camp, soldiers drilling not are summoned to the ranks. By this only in the parks and open spaces of process the' constructive works of the the great cities, but even in the nations are tied up at tremendous peaceful university retreats and in cost. Think, too, of the steamship

lines, like the Hamburg-American, and causes them to start in the night that now has marooned over 430 –that 'pain of the wives and mothers ships. and children. As' I was walking along one of the streets of Berlin Suffering Europe with some of the leaders of the Christian Student Movement, we 9. Then consider the SUFFERING. passed the Christian College where Remember what it costs to produce a one great general was once Proman and to keep him up to the time fessor of Mathematics. My friend that he is shot down, and you begin led me up into a large room. My to see what this war costs economi- eye instantly caught the sign, "Walk cally-not only economically, but softly, speak softly." On the long in the million men shot down! Can side of the room was an alphabetical we comprehend that? I began to take arrangement where a person could it in when going from one house of go up and present a certain number tears to another all the while I was and receive any information they in Europe. A good friend in Ger- might have. Many were waiting many said that already thirty-one of their turn, and I was imprest not by his family and relatives had gone to cries and sobs, but to see women go the war. He had just let his only forward alone or with little children son, a boy of sixteen, go two weeks tugging at their skirts, and then to before. Already nine of the thirty- come away without saying anything, one had been killed or seriously and pass out silently. The truth .wounded. In London, Lord Balfour began to break in on me-the sufferof Burleigh, as I was having ing Europe! breakfast with him, received a letter of condolence from Arthur A medical missionary just back Balfour, the statesman, on account from China, told me of a young of the death of his eldest son in bat- wife who went down to say goodtle. Thus it was all over Europe. by to her husband as he joined his Over 3,000,000 had been wounded troop-train. She kept up splendid before I left Europe. The number is courage, but as the train moved out much greater now. of the great station, she fell dead on the platform. I repeat it-it is a One man reported that while he was suffering Europe! It is stretched on in Belgium in eight days he counted a cross! 151 railway trains, averaging 20 railway carriages each-that is, over An UlUlel&.h Europe 3,000 railway carriages-all filled with the German wounded. It re- 10. Thank God, it is also AN UNminds me of rivers of pain. When SELFISH EUROPE. When I called on I visited the French hospitals, I saw our Ambassador in London and the little rivulets of pain trickling asked his advice on a certain deliout. It is a suffering Europe. It is cate point that involved my approachstretched on a cross! ing some people on the continent who would be absolute strangers to me, But that is ·not the principal suf.- I said to him: fering. The principal suffering is that dull pain, that ceaseless pain, "Would it not seem presumptuous that /ieems to become subconscious for me, an absolute stranger, to ask

MESSAGE OF THE HOUR 57!

those men to help me in this thing?" ing. I am concerned lest in this "Oh, no," he said, "you will not tragic hour we do not enter into find a selfish man in Europe." I fellowship with the sufferings of the found it true, for in all those European peoples and the Asiatic crowded months, I did not find a peoples, and with our Lord Jesus selfish man or a selfish woman in Christ. He is suffering, He is being Europe-that is a new Europe. Ii crucified afresh, if ever since the day is something new in the world. Hol- of Calvary.

land has six millions of Dutch My Three Objectives people, but two days after the fall ,of Antwerp-think of it-they had I went to Europe for three pur- taken in two million Belgian refu- poses. First to study what is being gees! I saw. peasants bringing in done and what ought to be done for great brass milk cans filled with , the soldiers from the point of view milk, with clusters of cups, and put of Jesus Christ-that is, in the way them down at the railway stations of supplementing the valuable work and at little sub-stations in the city, of the Red Cross. We have be~a that the refugees might have their instrumental in setting in motion milk without buying. Altho the many practical measures to minister Dutch in their frugality had begun to these twenty millions and more of to mix their white bread with potato men in the armies, men in the camps.

meal and rice, the peasants out of in the trenches, and in the fortresses, their poverty were bringing in heaps in hospitals and in prisons.

of loaves and putting them down My second object was to study for the refugees, without price. the effect of this war upon the uni..

Dutch families took in from one to versities-that is, the great centers fourteen refugees each. The leader of influence, because, if we are to of one of the missionary societies have a new Europe, we must have a in Rotterdam took me to one of new leadership of that Europe. I their theaters that would hold 3,000 therefore wanted to study the feel- people. They had taken out all the ing of the professors and students, seats, and scattered straw gr hay the remnant that remain, and especi..

all over the floor, and at ten o'clock ally the effect of the war on the at night I saw many Belgian fami- Christian Student Movement in each lies, and that pathetic sight-the of these nations.

•orenme npalnact e.of families-2,000 in this The third obj ect of my going Little Holland is helping was to study the result of this war to bear the burden and saying noth- upon the foreign missionary work of ing about it. the churches of the Protestant world.

vVe see the suffering in Belgium As Chairman of the Continuation out of perspective. There is even Committee of the World's Mission- worse need in Poland and much ary Conference of Edinburgh I felt worse in Galicia, and quite as bad it l11(Y duty to confer with the lead- in Turkey. My fear is that we in ers of the missionary societies of America will fall short of bearing both sides in this great struggle and • our share in this burden of suffer- to place myself at their ·service. The

Protestant missionary operations of this in the world, going forward to the British Isles involve an expendi- their death. ture of $IO,<XlO,<XlO a year, and those of the continent of Europe an ex- We are depleting the nations not penditure of $4,600,<XlO a year. That only of money and of masses of men, is a vast stake. I spent long days but we are depleting them of leaders. with the administrations in charge of A vast and 'disproportionately large all these Protestant societies in each number of officers of the British of the countries and brought in Army have been killed in this war. leaders of the societies in the neutral Every Oxford and Cambridge stu- countries, such as Norway, Sweden, dent who enters, enters as an officer, Denmark, Finland, Switzerland, Hol- and already two-thirds of the stu- land. I came to this conclusion- dents of Oxford and Cambridge have that if this war does not last over gone into the Army. The other third a year the British societies will not were largely in training. How we require any outside financial he'p; shall miss these leaders! but already the missionary societies of France and Germany are in des- 2. This war has blotted out some perate need. The societies of HoI- of the finest mission work in the land and Switzerland are also in world. Station after station has had actual want. to be abandoned. How much of the mission work has had to be stopt! The Effect of the War on Mi..ions Hundreds of hospitals and dispen- saries have had to be either closed 1. One effect comes from the de- or abridged in their operations, and pleting of these nations. You can thousands of mission schools have not spend money. as those countries had to be closed. The "message of are spending on military and naval the hour'" is to remind ourselves of expenses alone-twice as much each the most tragic fact known in our day as all the Protestant societies in time and its bearing on the expand- the world are spending each year on ing kingdom. foreign missions – without sapping the missionary possibilities of the 3. Many advance movements have Christian nations. Moreover, you had to be halted, and in the last can not mow men down with ma- chine guns as you mow down wheat, mom~ut of the history of the world . without cutting into the missionary operations of this generation and the when we would wish to have them next. It is a sad sight to see this halted. This is the time we ought generation .of men being shot to to be advancing. It is not a time to pieces. I went into a private ward call upon· the missionary societies to 'in France to call on an officer who stop expansion. I would not be had ninety-seven wounds. It brought sane if I tried to give the impression tears to my eyes in Germany and that this is not an adverse result of France, England and Scotland to see this war. the finest young men, that can be very poorly spared at a time like 4. The faith of many Christians has been confused by the war; not only in America but in Asia. A letter from Japan, signed by six of the best educated Christian leaders in that country reads:

MESSAGE OF THE HOUR

"The effects of the conflict are already been making in the four or five very great, even in this country, Japan. years since Edinburgh! What prom- Japanese Christians are very sorry to ise there was 1 N ow think of the see such a war among European coun- bitterness among some who are now tries which we are accustomed to think forfeiting their future spiritual of as Christian nations. leadership, giving way to language they would not use if they reflected "Does Christianity have no power to that it is not given by Jesus, who control the nations that are known as teaches love of enemies. Christians? Is it not possible to make peace by uniting Christian hearts throughout the world? Is it because Some Beneficial Results Christianity is not united enough that at present it is at war? Is it not a re- But on the other hand think of proach to Christianity that it has no the favorable considerations, not of power to avoid the present war? this war, but the achievements God is making possible at this time. "Under present conditions there.seems to be no one who can say, 'Put up thy I. This struggle has revealed as sword into thy sheath, for they that take nothing else could have done the the sword shall perish by the sword.' strength of the world-wide mission- We are eagerly hoping that some demon- stration or some movement. may be ary movement. The missionary move- started in Europe or America on the part ment and the Christian Student of Christians to remove this condition of Movement are the only movements international war. We Christians can which have preserved their solidarity, not stand still and see such barbarous and the leaders of which, on both murder of other Christians in this Chris- sides in this terrible struggle, have tian century Asking your consideration, entered into an agreement not to emwith earnest prayer." barass one another by asking for im- That is not an easy letter to an- possible audible or visible coopera- swer, but it is typical of not a few tion. The moment this nightmare is that have come from different parts behind them, they will go forward of Asia. The serious thing is that together in the common constructive we have not a sufficient number of work of the world. I have seen the missionaries and discerning native greatest miracle the world has ever leaders stationed all over Asia to seen. It is the one that the enemies help these people distinguish between of Christianity had in mind in the pure Christianity and so-called civil- early days of Christianity when they ization, between fo.rmal Christianity could explain everything else except and vital Christianity, and to remind "how these Christians love one an- them that what is now taking place other !" I know not simply individ- in the world is not caused by Jesus uals here and there, but hundreds of Christ but by the lack of Jesus' people who behind each others backs Christ. on both sides of this tragic turmoil 5. Another adverse result is the are showing by their prayers and by maiming of that wondrous inter- their deeds and by their silence, their national Christian unity which has love for one another. How many been coming apace, notably since meetings of intercession I have en- Edinburgh. What progress we had gaged in in these last few months, in

which I have heard English and drifting! What might not the mis- Scotch praying for the Germans, and sionary movement on both sides of Germans pouring out their hearts for the Atlantic have done in drawing their brothers in this missionary down the strands of international work and the student movement. If friendship, in magnifying the good I had no other evidences of Chris- points of rival nations, in binding tianity I have had enough new evi- together the people in common enter- dences brought into my experience in prise.

these last months to convince me Capacity for Vicarious Suffering that Jesus Christ not only was, but 5. This war has revealed capaci- is the Savior of the world. He not ties for vicariousness-great latent only commands that we love our capacities for suffering and sacrifice enemies, but !;Ie makes it possible. of which we little dreamed. I have No other religion has ever done it. been criticized for advocating "The 2. This war is demonstrating not evangelization of the world in this only the strength but the helpfulness generatjon." By thjs 1 mean, not the of the missionary movement. I wish conversion of the world, because that that we in America were where we will obviously take centuries, but could get a more vivid impression of giving everybody who is now living the awful suffering, of the impossible an adequate opportunity to know the burdens, that we might likewise be- living Christ. I estimated it would come uncomfortable and unselfish. take at least 20,000 of the strongest The reasoning of Christians when students of the "United States, Can- they stop to think is that now while ada, Great Britain, Germany and hundreds of thousands are laying other continental countries, a peri:)d down their lives, and millions are of thirty years, and the college pro- stretched on beds of pain, they feel fessors and some others said that it uncomfortable unless they are doing would be too great a strain on the something to bring relief. home base to send out 20,000 addi- 3. This war ha~ revealed the ne- tional missionaries from the colleges, cessity of the world-wide missionary under our regular boards, in a period and student movements. Happily this of thirty years, from all Protestant war will differ from all which have Christendom. I will never let off preceded it in this respect, that it the colleges as easily in the future.

will not be followed by forty years In the University of Toronto, and of revenge, like the Franco-Prussian Queen's University, and McGill Uni- war. The moment the war is over, versity, with 1,500 to 3,000 students· the international Christian structure in each, over one-half the students will arch over and these peoples will have volunteered and the rest were go forward in Christ's name. Ithinking of doing so. In England, 4. This war is revealing our short- 56 per cent. of the students had comings, and that is always a good volunteered, and 66 per cent. of the tiling. This reflection is with me by members of the college Y. M. C. A.'s, day and by night-what mjght we and 90 per cent. of the officers of not have done had we realized the the Y. M. C. A. I received a letter rocks toward which the nations were a week ago froni Hungary-just

think of this-saying that all the the Christians of Europe. Tbe dross students in the six Protestant Cal- is being burned out, and what is vinist Theological Seminaries have left is gold and precious stones. And volun,teered either as chaplains or as the fire is not only purifying faith, it soldiers, doing even more than the is simplifying faith. The Christians Roman Catholi~s in that Roman in Europe do not believe so many Catholic dual monarchy. A friend things as they did a few months ago, sent me a book from Germany that but the things they believe, they do had been prepared from composite believe. They are the things that addresses of leading professors and hold people in the crises, when they ministers, and stated: "We have sent come to face machine guns and live this book to 45,000 German students day and night under incessant shell in the trenches." In Paris, where fire. When it comes to saying good-by usually there are r8,000 students in forever to those that are dearest to the Latin Quarter-and yet I couldn't us, and have the long wait at home, get but seventy-four to volunteer for people cast around to see what there mission work-I found that thousands is in their creed that holds, and they had volunteered in this war. In find that faith has centered on a view of these facts I say; I will Person. In those dark trenches faith never again make such small de- takes on the form of linking to a Permands upon the students. I here and sonality, even am Lord Jesus Christ. now call upon Christian students to face this world-wide opportunity. 8. This war is deepening acquaint- May something of the spirit of de- ance ~ith God. N ever have I found votion which is leading these men to people studying the Bible as they are go on to the service of their nation, this year. Never have I found lead us in the colleges to go in the people praying as this year. Never spirit of Christ the King. have I found people studying God's Providence as this year. What in- 6. The work ought to have more finite gain that they have God, that money. Have you ever reflected that their eyes are in the right direction, most of the great ~issionary societies looking to the Source, to the hills of Europe began in war 'times, the whence alone cometh our help. We church missionary societies, too, in need to discover this God ourselves. the world, with an income of over $2,000,000 a year, the Wesleyan, the Unparalleled Opportunity Baptist, the London, the British and Foreign Bible Society, the progeni- 9. Again I want to remind you of tors of the two Scottish societies, the the unparalleled opportunity for Religious Tract Society, everyone evangelization. The work of the of them began in the Napoleonic Y. M. C. A. among the millions of wars. The men should rise up etl- soldiers is beyond all praise. In the masse and make possible missionary history of the British Isles, never expansion. At a time like this, have strong men had Christ so Europe can not expand. America preached to them as He is being must not be found wanting. preached in those seven hundred camps. Theological seminaries are 7. This war is trying the faith of sending their students and professors into th~e camps, giving ten days of sian, it has riveted attention where time, and then going back to the we want to see it riveted. The semmanes. It doesn't trouble them world is now ready to think about to mix Calvinism and Arminianism. One who is the same yesterday, to- There is the opportunity for evan- day, and forever. gelization .not only in the camps but in the trenches. In Germany, I was ro. We now have an unparalleled told, "'vVe spend every waking hour opportunity for reconstruction. What writing letters to the men in the does foreign missions mean? In a trenches.· We urge them to be true sense it means the reconstruction of to Christ, and we search our Bibles the world by the living Christ. In with sole reference to feeding their previous years we have faced a spiritual lives, and we urge each plastic Far East. To-day we face German student who is a Christian not only a plastic Far East but ~ in the trenches or back in the re- much more plastic Africa as a result serves, to gather around him other of what is now happening in Turkey; German soldiers and have Bible read- and a much more plastic Near East, ings and hymns and prayer." In even including Russia. Europe itself France the men had gone, and we is in the melting-pot. The world had to fall back on the French over, old things are passing away; wom.en students, and now eveIry two all things may become new, but we weeks those French women students will not drift into new things. It prepare a mimeographed letter and will not be a work of magic. As send it to every French student in our faith is, so will it be unto us. the trenches. There is nothing we can not do now and after tfi'ls war if we have the Christ is being preached under the requisite faith. The nations now at most awful circumstances, not only war will come out of this struggle, in 'the trenches, but in the hospitals. even if it ends within two months, Over three millions, that IS more exhausted, depleted financially, ecothan we have ever had lined up nomically, ph)Tsically, one must add, against each other in any previous and exhausted will they be in faith war-there they are on their beds and hope and courage. If American of pain, or in prison. Had you heard Christians, under the touch of the that there are over 2,700,000 military martial cry, will rise in their strength prisoners? I am now trying to get and travel Christ's path, what may Americans who can speak German we not do? to work among the' German prisoners, and Germans who speak In Conclusion French among the German prisoners in France. I have not yet seen my My last word is this: While whole way through to the Russian problem. nations are stretched upon a Calvary cross, how incongruous it would be There has never been a moment for anyone to go out to live a selfish like this for pressing the claims of life! Let us rather place ourselves the living Christ. This very trag- and all we possess or may ever edy in Europe has led the world to possess at our Lord's disposal, hencethink, and by a process of exclu- forth to do His will and not our own-cost what it may!

A N T c

'"",8.

.'.i MAP OF PORTO RICO I BB EA N s t L………J 10 I::; to THE DIVISION OF MISSION FIELDS IN paino RICO 1, 1. Presbyterian (also San Juan) 4. Congregational i. Lutheran 2, 2. Methodist 5. United Brethren 8. Christian Alliance 3, 3. Baptist 6. Christian Church 9. Chmch of Christ To-day In Porto Rico BY J. ERNEST MCAFEE) NEW YORK Secretary of- the Presbyterian Bo'ard of Home Missions FFAIRS move rapidly There never was a full-bodied re- volution m Porto Rico. On one mA in Porto Rico. There occasion in dim history there was a is no considerable sec- slight outbreak, which the presence tion of the hemisphere of a few Spanish soldiers promptly where fifteen years discredited and dissipated. The have wrought such people have never been riotous nor profound changes as in this small rebellious. Indeed, some have been island. At no point has American inclined to belittle the Porto Rican enterprise and altruistic endeavor character because it did not show itmore completely vindicated itself: self sufficiently aggressive to rebel against the oppression of the Spanish As a rule, people do not fancy overlord. being arbitrarily reformed. Much altruism is thrust down the throats It is, therefore, perhaps not enof unwilling patients. The Porto tirely to their discredit that Porto Rican people have made some wry Ricans have sometimes become resfaces over the medicine with which tive under the American occupation. they have been served. But special There has been much ' heated political credit is due this same American oratory and not a little invective in enterprise and altruism in that the the newspapers, but the attitude of prescription for Porto Rico has for the people is to-day, as it always has the most part been wholesome and been more or less, that of welcoming has to a remarkable degree been American leadership and of recog- 'accepted as such -by a thankful nizing the benefits of American inpeople.

fluence. In an illuminating conver- hood. As Governor Travieso put it, sation, Acting Governor Travieso, they realize that statehood would dehimself a native Porto Rican, assured prive them of ~ertain privileges which me that no considerabl~ element they even now enjoy. Under the among the Porto Rican people, of present system the revenues of the whatever political party, has any island all go into the insular treasury other desire but that the Stars and and are used directly in the admin- Stripes should float there perma- istration of government on the island. nently. Under statehood it would be neces- sary to contribute in addition the Politics in Porto Rico island's share of the expenses of the Federal Government. Their foreign The political situation on the island customs would revert at once to the is one of inexhaustible interest. For federal treasury. several years, the Unionist Party has held complete sway. Its more re- Perhaps Porto Ricans ask too much actionary elements have, at least by when they seek to perpetuate this voice, advocated independence of system. They have all the privileges, American political relations. The immunities, safeguards and other adwhole party has resisted some of the vantages of a part of the United policies inaugurated and maintained States with no obligation to support by our Federal Congress. The re- the central government affording mark of Acting Governor Travieso is these benefits. Yet this looks much here apropos, however. He is him- like the British colonial policy. Britself a member of the Unionist Party, ain makes no exactions of her coloand, by virtue of his present office, nies in the support of the Imperial may be said to be the leader and Government, depending rather upon dominating influence in it. He as- the advantages she gains from censured me that while there are two tralized control of a world-wide comor three "bosses," as he styled them, merce to which the colonies conwho for demagogic purposes wave tribute and from which she vastly this red shirt, even the Unionist profits. Perhaps a similar consider- Party, while insistent upon certain ation on the part of our Federal political reforms, is no less insistent Government might justify acceding upon maintammg the rights and to the desires of the Porto Rican in privileges of the island under the maintaining a policy to the same American government and the Amer- effect under our different American ican system. system. But is this good American- ism? Can the policy be worked Yet on all sides there is recog- successfully? Statesmen must wrestle nition that our federal. policy should with those questions. be re-shaped to do Porto Ricans greater justice. After reading sev- Educational Advance eral speeches made in Congress I was surprized to have Governor Travieso, At no point does the new order and others, declare that the Porto under American influence reflect such Ricans do not wish American citizen- honor upon itself as in the splendid ship, in the ordinary acceptance of public school system now fully esthe terms i they do not desire state-

TO-DAY IN PORTO RICO

SAN GERMAN, THE EARLY CAPITAL OF PORTO RICO This is supposed to be the oldest building in the Western Hemisphere tablished on the island, and rapidly increased from 26,000 to 161,785. improving even upon the present The percentage of illiteracy in the high standards. In mClny centers the whole population has been reduced school building is the most imposing from 80 per cent. to 66 per cent., structure of the community, and and of persons between ten and while 111 others very inadequate twenty years of age to 53 per cent. equipment is still used, the diffusion Night schools and other exceptional· of education is the astonishment of provisions are appreciably reducing every visitor. the illiteracy among persons over twenty-one years of age. In one in- During the American occupation land town I visited, a man sitting at down to 1913 the school enrolment

a small curbstone was seen laboring chance to break down prejudice by a over an algebra printed in English wise and efficient policy.

and opened at quadratic equations! Improved Standard.. of Living The ambition of the parents for their children, and of the children The climate of Porto Rico makes themselves for education, is one of few imperative exactions upon its the striking phenomena of the island. inhabitants. Some thought must be I frequently passed one school build- given to shelter, and somewhat more ing at the hour of the day when one to food, but, on the whole, life cqmes thousand pupils poured out on the easy. Yet there is much hunger, actual physical hunger. Anemia, street, each clothed and in his right hook-worm, and similar diseases are mind, and rapidly gaining a mind prevalent. Thousands from year-end still more rightened. I visited an- to year-end do not have food to other school where nine hundred satisfy their animal cravings. The pupils were efficiently instructed, all island is perhaps the most thickly in one plant, and were handled with peopled rural region on this hemia discipline which would have re- sphere, and few country regions of flected credit upon the most advanced similar size elsewhere in the world system in the States. contain more people.

The young people partially edu- Doubtless by intensive methods of cated are coming in ever-enlarging agriculture the soil could be made to numbers to the States for higher produce an abundance of food for education. Those who return en- the present and even a larger popu- counter no embarrassment, but quite lation. But the present. industrial the contrary, in taking their places conditions need serious attention. Re- in the community life. Even a par- cent tariff changes have embarrassed tial education in the States is an asset several industries. Yet out of this em- recognized to be of value everywhere barrassment there may come a more on the island. This situation is in healthy economic life. There has al- notable contrast with that in other ways been much too great a uni- sections of Latin ·America. In Santo formity in the industries of the Domingo, the republic immediately island. A greater diversification is adjoining, there is a strong prejudice needed on every consideration. The against American influence, and an island now imports beans and rice American from the States, or a na- and many of the commodities most tive educated in the' States, is said generally used by the people. In ad- to lose caste. The same situation dition, centralization under highly prevails in several other Latin Amer- capitalized corporations has crowded ican countries. out many small enterprises with the This contrast shows how unique effects ordinarily following such a is the American opportunity for shift. The war has seriously em- leadership in Porto Rico. In senses barrassed the coffee industry. Porto not always comprehended Porto Rico Rican coffee is more highly esteemed thus holds the key to the situation in in Europe than here. In Paris it Latin America. It furnishes our best sometimes commands the highest

TO-DAY IN PORTO

market, and commonly does so III municipal hospitals on the island in Austria. which he would trust a friend.

There has been recently a great Those three, however, are creditable, impetus to the fruit industry, and and missionary and private hospital doubtless in this field lies Porto provision is doing much to tone up Rico's richest future. Around San the physical life of the people, and Juan, where the transportation prob- reduce the excessive mortality which lem has at least been partially often prevails in the tropics. One or solved, the development of fruit two municipal hospitals I visited were plantations has been remarkable. A little short of gruesome. The ap- more adequate transportation system proach to one carries each patient to will incite a similar development else- the door with the reassuring spectacle where. before his eyes of a pile of coffins It can only prove in the end a boon ready for service beneath the main to the island to be compelled so to floor of the institution.

diversify industries as to bring about Proposed legislation will reorganize self-support at least in respect of the and put on a far more effective basis staples of diet. the sanitary and medical system of The sanitary conditions are vastly the island.. The mortality has already improved over those which sometimes been greatly decreased. The people prevail in the tropics. Tropical are being educated to safeguard the housing conditions would often be in- public health. The insular police tolerable in a climate where doors system would seem to the visitor a and windows must at seasons of the model of discipline and effectiveness.

year be kept tight shut. Yet city One police system extends through- congestion has already begun. In a out the entire island.

few centers I saw populations packed Present Religious Conditionll into quarters under conditions quite matching in their way the slums An energetic educator, herself a which are the despair of our northern member of the Roman Catholic cities. Church from the States, has declared The selection of the centers of that not IO per cent. of the popula- population for special school' equip- tion of Porto Rico is Roman Catho- ment is having the effect in Porto lic. She means by that statement Rico which similar policies have in that the nominal Catholic population the States. The rural regions are in Latin American countries is largely being deserted and parents who are alienated from Romanism-a system able move into town for the sake of which has done little for the people affording their children superior for generations. The churches are school advantages. The last census located only in the towns. I saw no shows that certain municipalities have Roman Catholic churches in the lost rural population while the total rural regions or the smaller villages.

for the whole municipality has Immediately adjoining, or in the greatly increased. midst of the plaza of the municipal The head of the sanitary service towns, there is invariably a. Roman told us that there are only three church, the most imposing feature of

the old architecture. But attendance really something else under that upon the church is greatly neglected name. except at fiestas and other special occasions. The attendance is some- There are many Freemasons whose times reduced to nothing, or practi- system is sometimes classified as a cally that, for the ordinary services religion. On occasions an individual of Mass. will say, "No, I have no religion; I am neither a Catholic, nor a Protes- Free thinking, or what goes by that tant, nor a Mason." Among the name, prevails quite generally. A more intelligent, however, Masonry periodical antagonistic to the church, and membership in an evangelical and nominally to religion, gains a church involve no inconsistency, but THE BAPTIST TRAINING- SCHOOL BUILDING AT SAN PIEDRAS wide circulation throughout the is- many pronounced evangelical Chrisland. This propaganda is really ini- tians are also Masons. mical more to the Roman Catholic system than to religion or a thorough- Soon after the American evangelily democratized institution embody- cal churches began work in the island ing religion. Frequently, evangelical the leaders of the time wisely enworkers are assured by those who tered into an agreement by which the have detached themselves from the territory has been marked off into Roman system that their sympathies zones. This zone system is still remain truly religious in spite of maintained, under which it is protheir break with the only institution vided that all the territory of .the which has for centuries represented island is the definite responsibility religion on the island. Atheism is of some evangelical body, and, on the not quite compatible with the Latin other hand, by the terms of the mind, and usually its profession is agreement only the principal centers are occupied by more than one de-

TO-DAY IN PORTO

nomination. There is thus, perhaps, ing for the evangelical effort made less overlapping and duplication of in the island. There has been no effort in Porto Rico than in any sweeping evangelistic movement, tho other territory of similar size and steady accessions have been made to containing so much evangelical ac- the membership of the various tivity. In the cities of San Juan and churches. One of the greatest needs Ponce several denominations are at of the present is a more vigorous work. .otherwise, each town and evangelistic movement of a type rural region is the exclusive respon- . suited to the peculiar conditions of sibility of a designated denomination. the island. The religious bodies doing work in The evangelical truth has, however, THE PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL AT SAN JUAN This has grown too small and is soon to be pulled down to make room for a large, new, modern equipment the Island are Baptists, Methodists, worked, and worked fal' beyond the Congregationalists, Presbyterians, centers from which its influence radi- United Brethren, Disciples, Luther- ates. Leaders.n various walks of ans, Evangelical Alliance, the Chris- the island's life have gained their tian Connection and the Protestant training under evangelical influences. Episcopal Church. The last named In the last election the candidate of has not accepted the zone system, and the RepUblican Party for delegate to its mission work is scattered in all the United States Congress, who parts of the island without regard to barely failed of election after a most the zone system, tho its work is not vigorous and educative campaign, was strong outside of the principal a prominent officer in one of the centers. evangelical churches, who is known throughout the island ouly less defi- The actual church membership nitely as a speaker on religious topics does not present a remarkable show-

than as a politician and statesman. and stir whole communities to the Another officer in an evangelical appreciation of fundamental human church in his municipality is super- values would be as successful as it vising principal of the schools and is greatly to be desired. A more enjoys a most enviable reputation as pronounced cooperative program a leader. The principal of the schools among the evangelical workers would in one of the other important centers make the adoption of such a policy is likewise a strong evangelical leader. natural and easy.

Individuals of this standing are The Next Steps gradually multiplying, and their in- fluence, together with that of the My impression leads me to empha- church membership in each com- size the following as the next steps munity, is gaining strength and help- desirable in cooperative evangelical ing more largely to vitalize the life work: of the island every year. I. In the training of native leaders.

The evangelical work has reached Substantial progress has already been a critical stage. At many points made in this direction. Several of there are needed new methods the denominations are now coopera- adapted to new conditions of thought ting in a training-school at Maya- and to new economic standards. The guez. The Baptists have just now first lively interest manifested in the. completed a serviceable plant for evangelical message is more or less trainrng work at Rio Piedras. The consistently maintained in the country building is wholly creditable in ap- regions. Much testimony seems to pearance as it stands immediately ad- indicate that it is waning in the joining the campus of the insular centers. The same symptoms appear university. The proposal is now . there which cause discouragement to made that a union training-school evangelical workers in the States. shall be maintained at this center, The message actually presented does involving the cooperation of at least not seem altogether to fit community the Baptists, the Congregationalists, needs. The need of social service the Presbyterians, and the United and the interpretation of a social Brethren. It is not impossible that gospel through the church is quite others may desire to join m so as manifest in Porto Rico as else- promising a proj ect.

where. A highly intelligent and well- 2. In the production and distri-'

educated native ministry was never bution of evangelical literature.

more urgently demanded than now. Spanish literature in general is un- A well-organized social service wholesome. Before the evangelical program should be buttressed by a propaganda can gain its true repre- vigorous evangelistic policy, pecu- sentation there must not alone be liarly desirable in reaching the Latin leaflets and pamphlets setting forth character. The people like to see eitectively in the Spanish language things go. They readily join enter- the particular doctrines of the Prot- prises which move in the mass. A estant faith, but a large volume of vigorous evangelistic program which the inspirational, and even scientific would preserve broad human appeals and philosophic, literature, so abun-

TO-DAY IN PORTO

dant in English, should be intelli- formed that every evangelical church- gently translated into Spanish. member would feel himself more a Several of the denominations al- part of the one evangelical church ready cooperate in the pUblication of of Porto Rico than an adherent of a "Porto Rico Evangelico," which is denomination which may have his- the most creditable evangelical pub- toric distinction and value to a resi- lication on the island both in appear- dent in the United States, but which, ance and subject matter. Its sub- in the nature of the case, can have scription list has grown until the only artificial value in Porto Rico.

paper is already on, a substantial The rallying of all the evangelical financial basis. Other denominational forces to back island-wide moral re- periodicals may soon be merged in form is now impossible. As the this. leadership is more and more brought A printing plant is already main- on from among the native people; tained for cooperative work. It and they assume enlarging respon- should be enlarged to turn out not sibilities, the need of such an island- only the valuable leaflets now sup- wide organization becomes the more plied in limited numbers, but also, to imperative. There is already a dis- publish more of these, and certain position among the more intelligent books immediately adapted to Porto native evangelical leaders to move in Rico's needs. In addition, there this direction. They will soo'ner or should be a depository and book store later demand a union of their forces, for evangelical literature. and certainly those who have gone to Ai: the proposed Council of evan- the island to carry the evangelical gelical workers in Latin America, message should not be in the attitude of February, 1916, in Panama, this of checking or hindering such a rea- problem of literature will receive sonable and wholesome tendency.

special consideration. Methods of They should rather be forward to effective distribution of the literature promote it, encouraging every move- 'now available are perhaps of even ment among the Porto Rican people more immediate importance than the in this direction, and guiding their supply of new literature. counsels so that the initial errors, 3. In the closer drawing together otherwise inevitable, may be avoided.

of the native churches. I am con- Several of the evangelical Amer- scious of taking ground further ad- ican leaders are already eager to vanced than do some others when further such a project. It should be I plead for the earliest practicable wisely, tactfully and patiently pro- organization of an evangelical church moted, but the end should not be lost on the island, which shall draw into sight of as one whose speedy con- one the churches of all the evan- summation is to be desired.

gelical bodies. This organization In no other field as in Porto Rico need not completely obliterate dis- is there opportunity to demonstrate tinctions between the denominational the essential unity of the evangelical forces sent into the island from the forces, and no time should be lost in religious bodies in the States. It improv:ing this incomparable opporshould, however, be s~ compactly tunity.

Women's Congress

Missions BY MRS. GEORGE W. COLEMAN, BOSTON, MASS. President of the Council of Women fo-r Home Missions HE women that pub- recognized that a Congress of Mis- sions should have a place in the long mT lish the tidings are a series of conventions meeting in San great host, wrote the Francisco during the exposition year. Psalmist many cen- It is a strategic time and place. The turies ago, and the opportunity afforded by such a Con- Women's Congress of gress for giving to the cause of mis- Missions, which met in San Fran- sions a strong and widespread imcisco in June, was a striking fulfilment pulse was seen immediately, and it of his words. It is not because "a great was felf that in order worthily to host" was in attendance, tho the reg- represent that cause and its relation istration exceeded two thousand; nor to the Kingdom of God, the Congress because every mission field was rep- must include within its scope all misresented, tho delegates came from sions, at home and abroad, must give thirty-nine States and seven foreign fresh encouragement and 'inspiration countries; but because the audiences to missionaries throughout the world, were. truly representative of the and must deepen the conviction of ingreater hosts upon the near and dis- dividual responsibility in the hearts tant fields, and in the homes, church- of the women of the churches. To es, and local circles of missionary achieve this high aim, the Council of women. Home missionaries, foreign Women for Home Missions, the mISSIOnaries missionary physicians, Federation of Women's Boards of missionary teachers from the kinder- Foreign Missions, and an Executive garten to the university, Christian- Committee, representing the missionsettlement leaders, native-born, for- ary women of the Pacific Coast, set eign-horn, Jew and Gentile, were themselves. In view of the fact that there-each one standing for hun- the Council and Federation include dreds of others upon the scattered fifty-six women's boards, of home and fields of the world. Officers of mis- foreign missions, the Congress was, sion boards, leaders of State and dis- from its inception, broadly representrict organizations, and of local tative of the missionary women of groups, junior and guild workers, the country, both geographically and also, bore witness to the hundreds of by denominations, twenty-two denomthousands of women who are en- inations being listed in the registralisted in the work of world-wide mis- tion. sions. The Congress met in the First The Woman's Congress of Mis- Congregational Church of San Fransions was born in the mind and heart cisco from June 6th to 13th inclusive. of a California woman, who early The theme chosen for united mission Christ, the Redeemer of Society. study during the current year, "The Christ the Teacher; Christianity a Church apd the Nations," and the accompanying watchword, "Thy King- Teaching Religion. dom Come, Thy Will be done upon Christian Unity the Result of Christian Earth," were adopted as the theme and watchword of the Congress. The Missions. coronation pin previously adopted by Christian Testimony, the Method of the Council and Federation as the emblem of Christian womanhood, Christian Conquest. was made the emblem of the Con- Christ the Prince of Peace. gress, and the hymn, The study of the book for foreign "Crown Him with many crowns, 1111SSlOns, "The King's Highway," The Lamb upon His throne," was led by its author, Mrs. W. A. Montgomery, and the companion vol- was the Congress hymn. The key- mne, "Home lfissions in ActIon," -thought of the Congress was thus the was presented by Mrs. D.. E. Waid. supremacy and exaltation of Jesus Christ as Lord, and the whole pro- Th~ last Sunday afternoon of the gram was designed to translate this thought into a conviction and a pur- Congress was a noteworthy session. pose in every heart. Thirty-two missionaries were gathered on the platform, and presented the Early in the year a call to prayer needs of India, China, Japan, Korea, was issued by the executive commit- the Philippine Islands, Turkey, Bur- tee in San Francisco, summoning ma, Siam, Cuba, Porto Rico, Mexico, Christian women to daily prayer at Spanish-speaking peoples in Americ~, nine o'clock, and suggested a petition Negroes, Indians, Orientals in Amerl- for each day of the week. During the ca, foreigners of many races in citie.s, Congress a prayer-room was set aside in mines and factories, Jews and Alas- where those who desired to do so kans. All were represented by men could gather at any hour, without and women who are giving their lives formality, for intercession. Who to the redemption of these peoples shal1 say how much of the power and nations. The mission fields of that was increasingly felt from day to the world were thus made to live be- day was due to the unceasing prayer fore the hearers. that had been and that was being "made unto God"? Several simultaneous meetings were held during the week, both in The themes for each day were the city and aCrOSS the bay. These based upon the chapters of the text- included drawing-room meetings (nobooks considered and were also defi- tably on~ in the home of a Japanese nitely related to the general subject. lady, Madam Aboki), others in the The daily themes were as follows: foreign sections of the city amol}-g Persians, Russians, and Italians, a Jesus Christ, the Hope of the Nations. meeting for business women, and a Christ, the Builder of Nations. supper for young women. The Re-Creating Power of Christ in The program of the Congress was National Life. also emiched by two pageants. The Pageant of Peace was prepared by Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, and was presented in the Court of the Ages on

the exposition grounds. It is hoped a redemptive power for the individ- that this pageant will be widely used ual, the Gospel was constantly pre- by missionary women in a propa- sented as a social force, and by none ganda against war. The Pageant of more forciMy or persistently than Home Missions was written by Mrs. by the missionaries who, at home and John S. Allen, and was given in the abroad, find themselves fighting at church and also in the Greek Theater short range the appalling results of of the University of California in Sill.

Berkeley. Perhaps never in the history of The Congress of Mis'sions, in con- missions has the unity of the work junction with the Federal Council of at home and abroad been so striking- Churches of Christ in America, ac- ly set forth as in the program in the cepted Monday, June I4th, as its Congress of Missions, and it may be day at the Exposition, and marched that this will prove one of its great- in procession to Festival Hall, led by est contributions to the cause of mis- a platoon of exposition guards and sions. No dividing line between by the exposition band, playing the home and foreign missions was found stirr,ing hymns of the church. About in the Congress. In every session the I ,000, said to be the largest com- consideration of home and foreign pany representing any organization missions was inextricably intermin- that had thus far appeared on the . gled in a union that was felt to be of grounds, marched to Festival Hall. God. Missionaries and speakers and The spirit, the influence, the re- members alike thought and spoke and sults of the Congress of Missions are prayed as belonging to one great and beyond human measurement. Only undivided army serving under the He whom the Congress sought to orders of one Lord and Master.

crown as "Lord of All" knows, and Finally, a broader and deeper con- ,only eternity will reveal the impulses ception of the relation of America to received, the convictions deepened, the world-wide work of missions was the lives stimulated. The Congress gained, as it was realized that the was rich in information, in enthu- great struggle in Europe is thrusting siasm, in inspiration, and in the spirit upon the churches of our land a of prayer. From day to day, the heavier responsibility than ever be- feeling deepened that God was in the fore for the work on the opposite side midst of His people and was making of the world. Not only must the His presence manifest. As a natural churches of America stand back of result, the conviction of the imme- the work which is in danger of fail- diate, the imperative urgency of the ure because of the withdrawal of men work in every mission field was in- and means by the demands of the creasingly prest home on every heart, war, but more than ever must our and the condition of men and women, churches look to themselves and to whether in America or in the utter- our land to see that America is won most parts of the earth, who are for Christ and for His Kingdom in without Christ and who are ignorant order that she may be His messenger of His Gospel, became exceedingly to every nation of the earth.

real. Side by side with the Gospel as "Who is sufficient for these things '!"

TO ONE OF THE WALLED CITIES OF

The Central Tower of Tungchow, the street of which is paved with mill-stones The Challenge of China's Cities A PLAN TO SAVE THE 1,700 WAILED CITIES STILL UNOCCUPIED FOR CHRIST BY REV. CHARLES ERNEST SCOTT, TSINGTAU, SHANTUNG, CHINA OR the first time in ism, "And to do it now. Five years m. cient walled cities are hence may be too late." F. Christian history, the The church in one hundred !years portals of 1,700 of has made little impression on the four hundred millions of Chinese. China's great and an- It has labored under a' tremendous handicap because of the mail-fisted open to messengers of policies of the "Christian" Powers of Europe. The gentry residents of the Gospel of Christ. General Li these cities-elegantly clad, learned in Chinese lore, rich, powerful, proud, Yuan Hung, Vice-President of the Republic, urged John R. Mott to ask the .Christian Church in America to occupy these strongholds of heathen-

self-sufficient, reactionary-have here- leaders have proposed an "Indepentofore scorned the Gospel message. dent Church" movement which will Now the literati, the government bring about full cooperation between students, and the officials are ready them and the foreign missionaries. to listen. These centers are therefore actually open, provided the One mission-the American Preschurch will gather itself together for byterian-is beginning to take care this vast enterprise. China's cities of its share by opening at least IS MOI)[ RN C O MMfO: I1CE ENTElING TH3 C [ TI ::';S cities in Shantung province. A potent An , opening made in the wall for a new ga te into factor in this work will be the Chris- the city wall, Tsinanfu, China tian University of Shantung Prov- ince, a union institution em bracing chalIenge the Church by a new and schools of Arts, Medicine and Theolunparalleled opportunity. ogy, supported by several lea~ing Protestant Missions in that section But these cities can not be evan- of China. Missionary statesmen have gelized even by a large equipment of declared this union mission univer-· foreign missionaries. There are too sity to be the most potent single edumany handicaps. Neither can the cational factor in the non-Christian ordinary Chinese village evangelists world toward making that world "a do it for they are not equipped for new creation in Christ." Graduates the work. Shantung alone, with its o f this university are scattered all forty million people, has 108 walled over China, and a re the leaders in its cities , besides many additional im- re-making, men in the greatest deportant market towns and multitudes mand and holding every sort of a of villageS. position of influence at1(f responsi- bility. Educated men of ability, ex- To capture these centers and the perieiIce, and consecration-men who ruling classes for Christ a new move- have suffered for the name of Christment has been started among the are willing to leave positions as heads Chinese Christian leaders. Some of of departments in the Government, these high-grade native workers and and as professors in schools of higher learning, with all the prestige and honor that such positions in China carry, in order to take 11P this work, and at. grea~ redltced salaries. Ac- cordingly, the Presbyterian mission has met them half-way by requesting the Church in America to raise twenty-five thousand dollars at once and one hundred thousand ultimately for the carrying out of the project. About five thousand dollars will be spent for the plant in each city-a small sum compared with the cost of a missionary-manned .station. Each building will contain a large audi-

CHALLENGE OF CHINA'S CITIES 59

torium, a street chapel, a guest-room will also assist. The whole project for men, and one for women, school is entrusted to the oversight of six and Bible classrooms to be used men, three Chinese selected by the both day and evening; and, with Synod, and three missionaries se- separate street entrance accommoda- lected by the Mission. , tions for a Y. M. C. A. A Workable Project Engaged in the work in each city will be an older, and a younger col- This project is the outgrowth of a lege graduate, a Bible woman and a long and slowly maturing conviction gateman. In each chapel the salaries, and has been evolved by able mis- together with incidental expenses, wiII sionaries on the field.

ANOTHER WAY OF ENTERING CHINESE WALLED CITIES Scaling the ancient walls of one of China's cities require five hundred dollars annually. The project has commended itself It is proposed to have an educated physician traveling among each five to leaders of other missions in China of these cities, seeing patients four days every month in each city; also and s•toompeutoift them are planning at a general Y. M. C. A. secretary for once into execution in their the fifteen cities. The Shantung Christian College is proposing to fields. Among other reasons are the make this their benevolent enterprise, securing gifts from the alumni scat- following. tered all over Cnina. The Christians of the country whose city is occupied I. Strategic centers are to be occu- pied. For the vast population of each county, the county seat is be- coming more and more the command- ing political, commercial, educational, and social center. In Orina, as else-

where, the country streams into the that a "foreign" church is being city, and much. of its ablest and best plant1ed throughout China. The Chilife finds itself permanently located nese church itself will never be a therein. large' success until its members are filled with the realization that this is 2. Able Chinese leadership will be an enterprise for which they are reutilized. High-grade lead€rs are not sponsible. It sounds ridiculous to satisfied with a pastorate among scat- many Chinese for a foreigner to tered country churches, but are at- asseverate that the "Jesus Doctrine" tracted to the centers of pow~r. With is not a "foreign" religion, but it churches developing among these strikes home with power for a Chithickly populated counties, the man nese of social position to proclaim it in the central city will, without the as indigenous. office, be a veritable metropolitan of wide and commanding influence. 6. In this way the large amount oj Some such men are ready for this effort and money put into higher work, and an inspiring program is educat,ion in China will be utilized for outlined that will command their evangelism. Able and consecrated services as rapidly as funds are avail- graduates feel drawn toward the inable. fluential task of bearing witness for Christ in city centers where the men 3. Available resources will be used who are shaping the destinies of to establish a new and permanent e1:tina go and come.' work. A station adequately manned by foreigners is expensive and hard 7. The needed prestige will be to establish. The sum of money re.- gi1Jcn to directly evangelistic work in quired ranges from $40,000 to $100,- t'he eyes of the influential classes. The rapidly increasing prominence 000 for outfit, as against the ,$.s,ooo given to church education by so many Chinese-manned "Jesus Do~trine fine plants with the turning of almost all college graduates to the more Preaching-Hall" planted in the midst profitable work of teaching, is calof a great city. culated to misrepresent the mission- ary obj ect. We need the prominence The missionary looks toward the of city evangelization to balance the day when his work may be gradually several departments. turned over into the hands of the convert, and he be eclipsed in favor This preaching movement by eduof those who preach to their own cated Chine~e will be a sane cornationals. Men trained on the field rective of higher school work. can begin at once what will be a permanent occupancy. 8. The campaign is commended by its plan of approach. Preaching and 4. This plan promises Chinese and teaching is to be supplemented by foreign cooperation instead of separ- lectures, schools, woman's work, ation. The native leaders have devel- medical work, and Y. M. C. A., and oped' so fast and progressed so far various kinds of Bible classes, thus that any makeshift, rather than giving touching many different points of them large responsibility and full approach to mind and heart. It will credit for all they do, will spell disaster, as mission history warns.

5. This plan disposes of the idea

CHALLENGE OF ,CHINA'S CITIES

be feasible to invite the dwellers in the wisdom and urgency of the surrounding villages to special evan- above program. gelistic services. IO. The project has already passed 9. This evangelistic effort prom- the theoretical stage. ises to stem the rising tide of an atheistic, materialistic' philosophy of Two leading Chinese Christian life among tihe educated classes. men are already at work in two cities with splendid results. They This is the greatest menace to the are men who could command much future of China. With the grip of larger salaries elsewhere, but who THE ANCIENT WALLS OF KAO MI CITY, SHANTUNG A Chinese city wall built before Columbus discovered America. This city was captured by the Japane"e on their recent march to Tsingtau the old religions gone, with atheism prefer this soul-winning work 10 the popular form of educated these cities, especially among the thought, and agnostic literature young men and young women stuwidely read, together with a more or dents. less conscious desire of the educated to find something to satisfy the It would be hard to find a Chriscravings of the soul, it is easy to see tian appeal combining so many atthat a veritable crisis has come in the tractive and impelling considerations" religious history of China. Hence and with such "long reach for the Kingdom of God."

Secular Allies In

BY REV. DONALD MACGILVARY, D.D., SHANGHAI, CHINA Editorial Secretary of the Christian Literature Society for China . bers. The result is that there is E have discovered a scarcely a missionary or a Japanese preacher, however devoted, able or lWi hit her t 0 unworked eloquent who commonly addresses force which, before audiences containing forty or fifty the advent of the daily ~ paper in Chine~e, was not in existence. Even unbelievers."

after the newspaper came the force In February, I9I2, Dr. Pieters be- was so clogged and bound that it gan work of this description in Oita, could not be used in missionary work. Japan, a district as large as two or Now these obstructions have sudden- three American counties, with a popu- ly been removed, and the mission- lation of nearly I,OOO,OOO souls. The aries have discovered new allies in town has three newspapers, one with a the secular press. They are indeed circulation of 10,000 issued every not yet under the banner of the second day, one of 7,000, and one of Cross, but many are willing to take 4,000, the latter two being dailies.

their place among the things that work Space was rented in these papers at together for good to the Kingdom of the usual rates. At the close of the God in China. articles invitations were given to People of the vVest long ago dis- correspond with the author, and '

covered that space in secular papers offers of free literature were made.

may be bought and used for the A follow-up department was organ- propagation of special ideas. The ized, and a card index was kept of great publicity campaigns, to secure each case.

clean government, the driving out of The first year has proved that the saloons, the restriction of the social method is very successful. It has evil and the like. have found in the carried the message to the most re- newspapers most powerful auxiliaries. mote and inaccessible portions of Missionaries have watched with the province. Everyone of the interest the rise of the press on the twelve counties into which the prov- mission field, and' those in Japan ince is divided have contributed en- have the honor of being the first to quirers. They have written from use this form of propaganda success- lonely islands off the coast and from fully. The Rev. Albertus Pieters of hamlets in the distant mountains, the Reformed Church in America places that have no chance of being noticed that there were multitudes of visited by a Christian worker, either Japanese who would not enter a in this generation or in the next.

church to hear a preacher. At comparatively small expense thou- "No device," he says, "has yet sands of people are being reached.

been found that will induce non- This work is a species of tract dis- Christian Japanese to attend religious tribution, but Dr.. Pieters claims that meetings in any considerable num- it surpasses all other methods in economy and efficiency. What won- them reprinted in proof form, and derful results might follow if the sent them out to other papers. Alplan was used regularly, systematic- most from the first there was a gratially and wisely in every province of fying response, and during the year Japan for five or ten years! there were hundreds of reprints in all parts of the country. The Ta This. work in Japan soon attra~ted Tung Paa not only published articles the notice of missionaries in China, of a purely Christian character, but and in 1913 to 1914 a beginning was TWENTY-SEVEN CHINESE NEWSPAPERS-SECULAR ALLIES OF CHRISTIANITY made along somewhat different lines. also articles on burning questions In Japan there was intensive culti- treated from a Christian standpoint. vation of a narrow area; in China But even articles of the evangelistic an attempt was made to reach the and doctrinal character were releading newspapers in all the prov- printed as frequently as the other inces. The China plan also differs articles. from the Japan plan in that no money was used to secure space. The Editor The following is a sample list: of the Ta Tung Paa, a Christian ~eekly, took his leading articles, had "Changing Customs in IIl(}ia." "Too Many Law Students and Too Few Doctors."

"The Power of Public Opinion." advantage, namely: that' we can not "The Root of Morality." add to our articles our address with "The Livelihood of the People." offers of free literature and corres- "Way to Pacify the Country." pondence with enquirers. The fol- low-up department which would "True Liberty." greatly enhance the value of this' "The Red Cross Work in Japan." form of work ~ari not· be organized without further financiaL help. With "The Home and Its Elevation." it the plan is capable of large de- "The Importance of Home Education." velopments. Besides a central office, "True Basis of Religious Liberty." local offices could be organized in "Newspapers and Industries." the large centers whose object it "Education Suffers from Militarism." would be to cultivate the acquaint- ance of the edi!ors by personal visi- The following daily papers re- tation, and adopt the same method. for newspaper evangelism of a limprinted these articles: ited area now being used in Japan.

Suchau ……… 1 Shantung .. , . .. I Chefoo …….. 3 Chihli. . . . . . . .. I Tientsin ……. I Anhui ……… I Shansi …….. 2 Amoy ……… I Pekin ……… 5 Manchuria …. I Canton …….. I Szechuan …… I A mIssIonary statesman from Chekiang …… I Kwangsi America who recently visited Shan- Shanghai …… J ghai, had looked into the work of The success thus far obtained Dr. Pieters and enquired eagerly shows that many editors are not only concerning our plans. He was con- willing to be called our allies, but vinced that the missionary Boards actually look upon missionaries as ought to cooperate in financing this their allies in the common task of plan of evangelism, and when the regenerating their country. The time time is ripe steps ought to be taken was ripe for the beginning' of this to secure their cooperation. Some of movement. The publications and the advantages are as follows: periodicals issued by the missions ( I) The plan works, and with have been doing their silent work. money would work better -and secure They existed before the newspaper larger results.

press of China was born. They con- (2) The truth reaches unreached tinued to exist during the period of classes.

its rise and progress. (3) Intelligent classes are reached.

The China plan has obvious limi-. for they only can read papers.

tations and defects as compared with (4) The plan helps the mission- the Japan plan. It has the advantage aries in every province without re- at this early stage of costing little, gard to denominations.

but this is at the expense of efficiency (5) The articles have an influence for these reasons: on the editors and the tone of the ( I) We can not print exactly what rest of the papers. Other articles we desire, for the editors print only must measure up to the standard set what they like. This objection is by our articles.

inseparable from a free use of their (6) Friendships thus begun open columns. up the way to all sorts of coopera~ ( 2 ) There is a more serious dis- tion in social service.

Elect Lady In

AN APPRECIATION OF MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY (See Frontispiece Portrait) THE modest lady who is the subject of this sketch is one of the notable Jiving missionary leaders of the world. She has been a successful teache~', a devoted wife, an ideal mother, ·a heroic missionary, a successful Board secretary, an unusual business woman, a charming hostess, an able executive, an inspiring leader, a skilful editor, an influential author, a valued member of the Continuation Committee of the World's Missionary Conference, and through it all and above it all, a most attractive and cultured Christian woman.

Lucy McGill received her education in Rochester, New York, and then, while still a young girl, married Mr. Norman Waterbury, with whom she went out to India as a missionary under the American Baptist Missionary Union. In less than six years she returned to America a widow with two little children to support. Last year she revisited for the first time 'in twenty-six years the scene of her early life in Madras. There she was still remembered with tender love by those who had been children in her school, and, wonderful to relate, the long-forgotten Telugu speech came back to her so that within a week she was giving extemporaneous addresses to large audiences.

"It is the gift of tongues," said some. "It is lik~ sitting down at the pian.o and finding one's fingers unconsciously fall into the rhythm of forgotten tunes," said Mrs. Peabody.

For nineteen years after her return to America Mrs. Waterbury was the Home Secretary of the Woman's Baptist Foreign Mission Society and devoted her splendid powers to the development of the home base. Her skill as an editor was developed in the Helping Hand, while her executive ability and power as a speaker, were brought ont in the work among women and young people. The cheeriness, the warm personal interest, the deep spiritual purpose of her service made her the best-loved woman in the constituency of the society.

These tasks were preparing her for broader interdenominational work inaugurated in connection with the Ecumenical Missionary Conference in New York in 1900. A system of interdenominational mission study was proposed at a session of the women's societies, and a committee was appointed to prepar'e a text-book for the women of all denominations. After the death of Miss Abby Child, the first Chairman of this Committee, Mrs. Waterbury became, and has continued to be, the Chairman of the Central Committee for the United Study of Foreign Mission-one of the most influential factors in the missionary development since 1900. Text-books have been issued each year by thousands and have been studied by women in all the churches. The circulation has steadily grown until it now reaches more than 150,000 copies annually. Beginning with a capital of $25, without solicitation of funds or incurring of debt, the committee, the members of which serve without salary and with small expenses, has been able to pay its authors, publish the books. and has financed summer schools, organized the Jubilee, started a children's magazine in China, and helped many other mission enterprises. The able women who have represented the various denominations on this committee

be the first to say that the success of this work has been due in no

part to the initiative foresight and ability of the chairman.

In 1910, the year of the fiftieth anniversary of the establishment of Women's Boards for Foreign Missions, this "elect lady," who had in the meantime become Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, set on foot the plans for the Jubilee, one of the most far-reaching missionary movements among women in recent years. Without machinery, other than the magnificent organization of the women's boards, without the employment of paid secretaries, without the collection of a big fund, within six weeks after the project of the Jubilee was first born, Mrs. Peabody had under way the plans for a nationwide series of conventions. Within three months the first Jubilee celebration had been held and within a year the forty conventions, the million-dollar thanks-offering, the pageant, and the hundreds of echo jubilees were all realities of history.

While hundreds of women all over the land cooperated enthusiastically and efficiently in the work, Mrs. Peabody was the heart of the movement as well as its originator.

It was the natural thing that Mrs. Peabody should have been chosen as the American woman representative on the Continuation Committee of the Edinburgh Missionary Conference, one of two women thus honored. On this great committee she has been specially interested in the higher education vf Oriental women. During her recent tour around the world she was able to give substantial help to the committees at work in establishing interdenominational Christian colleges for women at Madras, Canton, Nanking, and Tokyo, and she has since been interested in the organization of suitable boards in America to supervise the higher Christian education of Oriental women.

Two years of happy married life with Mr. Henry W. Peabody, a man of distinction and of noble personality, were followed by bereavement. Her exquisite tribute to her husband's memory in the biography which she wrote, has found its way in a thousand copies into all parts of the world.

Tho enlisted in great enterprises Mrs. Peabody never loses interest in the charm and courtesies of e'eryday life. The garden, at her home in Beverly, Massachusetts, is her own creation, and her home expresses her personality in every room. Her hospitality is so characteristically radiant that it might seem to be her first thought. Her sunny, selfless, deep-hearted life, makes the world a better, happier, more Christian place.

WOMEN'S WORK FOR MISSIONS The sowing, cultivating and, I fear, harrowing of the home field by the indefatigable Woman's Missionary Societies is one prime cause of the missionary harvests of the past twenty-five years. Such are the different conditions of the lives of men and women that it is possible to secure from women what can not be given by men-unpaid service. There are thousands of women of wide vision and ability who are able and glad to give their services to this work. How short-sighted and wasteful it would be if the church of Christ should leave unutilized such resources. We learn by doing, and it is only because we have been given a definite task for which we are solely responsible that the women of our churches have awakened to intelligent and efficient cooperation in the stupendous work of evangelizing the world.

HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY.

MISSIONARIES TO THE WOMEN IN SOUTH

Women's Rights and Women's · Wrongs In South America BY MR~. KATHERINE A. HODGE, LONDON, ENGLAND < . OMAN has not yet her and wealthy class, visiting with her IWi rightfu~ place in the .. Repubhcs of South seventeen-year-old daughter, in the course of conversation remarked that America. if her husband was kind and sup- ported her, that was all she could ex- , – In the past, women in South American pect. This is by no means an excep- — countries have been considered not tion but is the rule throughout the only inferior t.o man, but as crea- cities and towns of all the republics. In a letter from Northerll Brazil tures to Serve man's interest and will. Until recent years few have a lady missionary* says: "The lot of thought that girls were deserving of the women is sad indeed. A large number work in the cotton fahcetorerieis~ special education. Even the latest of which there are several Government census shows that 80 per cent. of the population is illiter- Maranhao. Their hours ate from ate. Parents have sought to marry 6 a. m. to 6 p. m., and wages very off their daughters at the ages of low. When these women reach home thirteen to fifteen years. in the evening, after having been on A Brazilian lady of the cultured their feet all day, after a simple dinner which many of them have to SiO:.Mrs. Miner~. of the Maranhao Christian Mis- prepare for themselves, they are so weary that they go to their ham- Bible, so that a v~ry small percent- mocks, in which they remain until age of them ever get a knowledge of the 5 o'clock call of the factory Bible truth. Maranhao women, in whistle wakens and reminds them the majority of cases, are born, that another day of toil is before reared, and die having no hope and them. There is no half-holiday without God. They are to be greatly during the week, so that on Sunday pitied."

their time is taken up with washing, Women m South American coun- ironing, making and mending in tries are subjected to rude remarks order to look as nice as possible at and insults if they walk the streets of the. beginning of the following week. the cities unaccompanied by men. In Their homes are poor, and the sad Buenos Aires, the capital of the Ar-'

part of it is, there is not much pos- gentine Republic, a f~w years ago it sibility of their ever being otherwise. was not considered safe for an Argen- When sickness comes, a doctor's tine lady to go out by herself in visit costs ten milreis ($2.80), which the daytime, and tho she can do is the equivalent of five days' wages, this now with greater safety, it is, and medicine is a most expensive nevertheless, considered inadvisable item, often costing six milreis-the for any woman, European or Argen- .

equivalent of· three days' labor. :A tine, to be seen in the city at night sickness of a few weeks means loss time without a male escort. Work of 'wages, rent unpaid, provisions among women in cities like Buenos bought on credit, and these, with Aires, Rie de Janeiro, Pernambuco, doctor's and chemist's bills, accumu- Valparaiso, and elsewhere is thus late a debt which often takes twelve fraught with great difficulty, unless months to pay. the worker is married, and even then "Physically, the women of Maran- it is considered inadvisable to go hao have everything in their disfavor. visiting alone.

The intense heat has a debilitating Altho modern times and Christian effect upon their system. The food influences in a progressive Republic is of an inferior quality, so that they like Argentine are making some do not get the nourishment which char'Iges in the customs of the people, they require. The married woman still woman's position is one of sad has a baby almost every year, and neglect. Something is being done one can quite understand what a for the education of girls, but in a weakening effect this has upon her general way it is only to give a little system. As many work in the fac- exterior polish.

tories, one can see how hard their lot White Slavery in SOlith America must be.

About three 9ut of every four· The white slave traffic has free women can neither read nor write, course everywhere in South Amer- and those who can have but little ica, and in such centers as Rio, inclination or no time. From· in- Buenos Aires, and other cities this fancy they grow up in a mist of evil abounds in a most appalling prejudice against Protestants, and no degree. Buenos Aires has been con- effort is made to teach them the sidered to be the plague spot in

IN SOUTH AMERICA

South America. The Secretary of some sentiment in favor of the supthe National Vigilance Association pression of this social scourge. visited that city last year to find out Concerning the women of Ecuador, the actual state of things there re- Mr. Paul Fountain says: "The garding the white slave traffic, and women of pure Spanish blood are kept more secluded, or rather more select, and these fall victims more rparticularly to priests, and 'from what I heard, backed by what I saw, the misdoings of these unfortunate women are often punished by im- murement in a convent, where they . .are more in the power of their seducers than when at liberty. When I observed to a priest that I wondered why the priesthood did not marry, he replied: "We would be fools to bother ourselves with wives when every man;s wife is at our INDIAN MOTHERHOOD as a result an act for the protection LADIES OF LAPAZ.. SOUTH AMERICA of young women and the punishment of the traffickers has been command." But the husbands have placed on the Argentine statute book. to be reckoned with sometimes, and America and Europe will watch with it is not an uncommon thing for a keen ioterest the futute work of priest to be waylaid and murdered." this association for the suppression of this abominable evil in Argentina. Nothing is being done for the It is earnestly hoped that this good cause will spread, and that the hands of the lady worker who was recently sent out may be strengthened by many sympathizers working in the city. In other republics some police regulation and 'momentary effort is occasionally put forth to suppress this horrible evil, but on the whole there is comparatively little whole-

women and girls in the factories in In Buenos Aires many of these Argentina, except a feeble effort here people live in "conventillos," in some and there by some lady, probably of which there are as many as two the wife of the owner. In one of hundred families. One family, and the busy thoroughfares of Buenos sometimes more, occupies every room Aires, in a district south of the city and all open into the common courtwhere so many factories are to be yard (see illustration). Here the found, is an enormous building full washing, cooking, and many other of girls and women engaged in the domestic duties are performed, so making of "alpagatas," a kind of that these people know nothing of foot-wear. Another is close by privacy or home-life as we underwhere girls are employed in making stand it in England and America. matches. In another, corsets are made; and there are many more. The servant-girls, too, are often One factory employs about nine pitiful drudges, and frequently have hu~dred girls, and others several two or three nameless children in hundred each. Altogether, in Buenos the Roman Catholic orphanages. Aires alone there are said to be some Scores of girls in South America toten thousand working-girls, the great day are mothers at fourteen years of majority of whom are between the age, and the baby grows up without ages of eleven and eighteen years. any knowledge of a father. They have been forced to leave the protection of home in order to aug- In Chili, there are women streetment the income of the family. Of car conductors, and' in Colombia the sad facts concerning the things women are employed as scavengers. that occur in these place,; among these work-girls a voh'lIne might be In Bolivia, the women of middle written such as could not be pub- age know nothing-as the mother of lished. Many are the vi,tims sacri- four daughters, who scorned the ficed, disgraced, and br(ltll':ht to thought of music, drawing, and emmisery. In the suburban t!i;tricts, broidery, said : "We just rock!" where the factories are most n.lmerous, many horrible stories might be A great work could be carried on told relative to the disgraces heaped among the women of Bolivia, for upon the girls, who are launched there are not only the wealthy "gentc into corruption from the moment decente," but Indians and cholas (or they enter the factory. To cite one half-castes). The Bolivian Indian instance: At the north end of the Mission is working among the latter. capital, where in one of the districts Among the "cholas" the women are various £actories are giving employ- very badly treated. They are the ment to the girls, at least thirty of beasts of burden, the servants of the girls have fallen into vice. One their lords, and seldom receive anypoor mother told of two daughters, thing but blows in return. Even a ages sixteen and eighteen, in one fac- bride of less than a month is not tory, who had fallen into sin as a surprized at having her face bruised direct .result of working there. and blackened or a tooth knocked out by her newly made husband. Poor creatures sometimes give as a reason for their immoral lives: "Why should we marry to be beaten? One

IN SOUTH

must endure the blows of a husband, business in life but to adorn themand there is no escape; but when selves and to spend hours on the there is no marriage, and life be- balconies hoping to attract the attencomes too hard, we can take our tion of some eligible young man. children and leave the man who iltreats us, and he can not force us Among the Indians and half-castes to return." the need is great, especially among the sick, for no Spanish doctor wit! Scarcely a "chola" can read, for touch an Indian. These people have altho they generally go to school for remedies of their own, the witch- A TYPICAL ';~ONVENTILLS/ OR GENERAL COURTYARD, IN SOUTH AMERICA a year or two at least, their time doctor making fried eggs, not into is mostly spent in a parrot-like repe- sal1dwiches, but pOUltices. Mashed tition of many prayers, and they beetles are considered good for rarely get much beyond the alphabet. ulcers, and dead frogs are an excel- Even when they learn t6 read a lent application for wounds. Herbs little it is soon forgotten when they of all kinds, rancid fat, newspaper, leave school, for they have no books pig's bristles, and unmentionable beyond, perhaps, a small book of things all find their place in their prayers. materia medica. Among these people the Bolivian Indian Mission is The women of the better class ministering, but "the harvest truly is great and the laborers are few; and learn little more than to read "pray ye therefore the Lord of the write. They leave school at twel I'e or thirteen, and after that have no

harvest that hoe will thrust out more hideous in the extreme, causing pain laborers into his harvest." by their awful misrepresentations to one who knows something of the There is great need for women loving heart of Christ. In one room doctors and nurses everywhere in as many as thirty-five of these pic- South America, for the physical con- tures were hung up, and a skull was dition of women of the lower classes, placed over the door." especially, is unspeakable. Consecrated Christian women are needed There are also the outdoor pato go among them, where disease tients to be attended, teeth to be and dirt reign to an alarming de- drawn, and patients visited, and the gree. What a. tremendous boon a nurses are oftentimes called up at mission hospital and a nursing-horne two o'clock in the morning. The would be in such cities of Peru as Spanish doctors will not go out at Cuzco, Arequipa, and Lima. Miss night, and so the people corne to Iza Elder, of the Evangelical Union the nurses. One day Miss Elder was of South America, in Cuzco, writes': summoned to the Urco Farm, some "Many of the mothers, having gained twenty-four miles out, to attend a confidence in us, corne again for little Indian boy. She says : "We advice and medicine for themselves left Cuzco at 10 p. m. on horsebJick. and their children. So our dispen- Darkness and the roughness of the sary work grows. One woman .re- road hindered our progress, but we marked the other day that we were arrived early in the morning, The 'more charitable than Christians !' boy had fallen from his horse, cut- This, of course, reflects on their idea ting his face badly, while one eye of Christianity." was completely lost. We admin- istered chloroform and put III five Shortly after Miss Elder's arrival stitches, and the little chap IS now she was called to a case about which doing well." she writes: "I prepared a nice basil) of warm water and was just ready to Nothing has been said of the vast put baby in for his first bath when interior of the continent. Here and two women rushed up, one on either there a missionary is working, and side. One poured in alcohol, and much of interest could' be told about the other a large cupful of greasy the women in Paraguayan Chaco, the soup. On asking the reason of this, Tereno Indians in the heart of I was told it was to make baby Brazil, on the river banks, and in strong! So with a smile and the the dense forests. If the women remark that I had not heard of .the who read this article will take their custom I manfully proceeded with South American sisters into their my work. This took place in the hearts and do something soon to house of one of the upper-class give them the Gospel, then this will people !" not have been written in vain.

"The darkness and superstition is For the time will COme when a Christawful. Many of the rooms we enter less host have the walls covered with pictures of the saints, and sometimes of the Will ll,ppear at the Judgment Seat, Savior-pictures, many of them, And shall it be said that her soul was lost For the message you did not repeat?'

PROTESTANT SERVICES IN WAR-TIME

Protestant church service held in Krugg & Company's wine-cellar, November 8. 1914 The MeAll Mission and the War'

BY REV. GEORGE T . BERRY, NEW YORK American Secretary of the MeAn Mission in France [JTJHE effect of the pres- are ministering to the wounded and ent world-war upon the dying. The big Frat'ernite at missionary enterprizes N antes is unde~ government requisi- is particularly acute in tion as a hospital, as is one of the the MeAll Mission. portable chapels, La Semeuse Bre- tonne. The director of one of the .. This work, unlike the largest mission-halls in Paris accom- panies a hospital ship to and fro from great Asiatic mISSIons, is located in Dunkirk to Brest. Other members of the McAll staff, who are beyond one of the countries actively engaged the age-limit, await in patient forti- tude and prayer the news from their in the struggle. Like Cromwell's own flesh and blood-Hnews" which, in some instances, has been but an cavalry, the troops of the enemy are unbroken silence for many months. Some of the noblest and best of our bivouacked in some of our houses of mission workers have paid the toll prayer, and the oldest of our chapel- boats, early in the war, was sunk in the river. From the battle with evil, some of our' strongest Christian lead- ers have been called to the trenches.

Others, as chaplains and orderlies,

of death, as by miracle God has A recent statement from the vet- spared oth(lrs whose efficiency has eran evangelist, Monsieur Hirsch, , made them indispensable. Of the preacher at the old Salle Baltitnore- habitues of the missions, many will the Dean of all our Paris establish- never return to their accustomed ment1;-reveals the nature of the places. situation: The situation is naturally one of "The reunions of the Salle Baltimore have never been suspended except during August and September, when they took place only on Sunday and Thursday.

Since October they have been held Sun- day, Tuesday and Thursday.

There has been no one at the door TO invite lieople to enter or to return ~., forrnerly. Nevertheless, those whom we calI the habitues have invited' others to come with them, and th6se who in pass- ing see persons enter in large numbers are interested to know the reason for the luminous sign, "Conference." Hearts are anguished when they are not broken, and it is not an exaggeration to say that the preaching of the Word is listened to with avidity.

Formerly conversation dwelt upon other subjects than that which led me to them. It was difficult to find a place for the Evangel. To-day it is the Gospel message which takes precedence of any- CENTRAL BUILDING OJ,<" THE MCALL MISSION, PARIS thing else. I can 'read, I can speak without encountering any difficulty, any grave concern, 90 grave as to lead obstacle or any lassitude. This is true an imaginative friend to say, "I sup- of men and women, young men and, pose you are all shot to pieces !" We young women, of patrons and work have, indeed, been hit, been hurt, people, intellectuals, Catholics and Protbeen obliged to suspend some of our estants, skeptics and deists. Sorrow is operations altogether, and to curtail the universal language. The Salle Baltithe services in many establishments, more is an admirable hall of evangelibut no work of God can be stopt by zation."

bullets, and, despitl! the temporary The war has provided an unparal- evacuation of some of our northern , ~led opportunity, in that it has given stations, the Egyptian darkness of us an unwonted chance to demon- the Paris streets by night, and the strate our Gospel-to reenact the absence of many leaders at the front, miracle of the Incarnation, and liter- the work of the Mission goes on, ally to make the word flesh to those deepening in intensity and increasing whose bread has been taken away.

in efficiency from Rouen and Amiens These lines will fall under the eyes to Marseilles and Nice. of many who have contributed to the

McALL MISSION AND THE WAit

Mission's relief fund for the women being closed in the absence of all and children of France, and it will the able-bodied men, those who were interest them to learn that the pro- left behind were found by our agent phecies of the director-in-chief have face to face with starvation. But the already begun to be fulfilled. soup-kitchen opened by the Mission is not like the bread-lines of our own In a recent letter, written in de- great cities, from which men too scription of the work already done often snatch their loaf and run to the through the eight ouvroirs (work- nearest saloon. Under the direction rooms) opened in as many of the of some of our own converts-no- Paris establishments, in which the tably a converted drunkard, since bedouble privilege is given of earning a A PORTABLE HALL OF THE MCALL MISSION small daily wage and of securing come a member of the municipal meals at minimum prices, Monsieur council-and under the emotional Guex wrote: strain of those who wait for evil tidings, the habitues of the Desvres' "In each hall this work is supervised Fraternite sit down to eat and drink by the Biblewoman, with the help of and rise up to pray! It is "grace bevolunteers, and I know that many of fore meat," and during meat and afthese women have benefited by their stay ter meat, and sympathy and, tenderin our ouvroirs, and a number who have ness and mutual prayers-a forenever come to us before, altho they no taste of the fellowship of those who longer need our material help, are now break bread in the Kingdom of God. regular attendants upon our meetings." The lamented Francis Monod, of The story of the soup-kitchen at Lille, co-worker at the Foyer du Peu- Desvres is like a reminiscence of the pie there, student for the ministry love-feasts of the early Churdi. The and anticipating the life of a foreign cement works and porcelain factories

ONE OF THE MCALL MISSION BOATS-SUNK EARLY IN THE WAR, AND LATER RAISED missionary, dead on the field o{ carry forward his campaign. Will honor, shortly before the fatal shot these-be forthcoming, and a great and was fired wrote to his gifted father, historic work thus saved from death, Pastor Paul Monod: and a nation regenerated?

"I am persuaded that this war will "Hitherto God has helped us," writes have great results for our country, for our director, and as for the future, how the work to be accomplished in her and can we be anxious when God has not by her. It will serve the cause of evan- ceased to give us proof of His comgelization both of France and of the passion? But the Mission Populaire is world in this generation." more necessary than ever to the people of Franch at this critical moment of her For the McAll Mission this is more history. There must be a renewal of than an invitation-it is a solemn her inner life, of her moral and religious challenge. The acceptance of that energies, and how can that be obtained challenge depends, under God, on without the preaching of the Gospel that those friends of Christ who would we seek to bring her? Help us! Conhave Him known and loved in France. tinue to support the Mission to which Many of these "friends" are to-day God assigns now a task as great, if not incapacitated from helping; England greater, than in the days of its infancy and Scotland, Switzerland, Holland, that followed the war of 1870." Alsace, even France herself can at the present moment do little or noth- I might cite many instances in eviing. To the loyal-hearted men and women of America comes the Mas- dence of the fidelity not only of those ter's call for the resources needed to who have gone to the front, but of those who have been compelled to stay behind, and whose efforts, while

McALL MISSION AND THE

• ARMY CORPS, AMBULANCE SERVICE In the center is a McAn Chaplain; with him, a Jewish Rabbi and a Catholic Priest less conspicuous, have, nevertheless, in numbers, has once again had an not been the less significant or pro- opportunity to demonstrate its imphetic.. In the absence of her hus- measurable influence in the life of band, the devoted wife has main- the French people. One of our Mctained the Mission's usual services, All chaplains, who has been daily in and, while awaiting heart-breaking the trenches since the war began, news from their sons at the front, bears witness in regard to the heroic not a few of our older directors and and Christian faith and death of one agents have, with heroic courage, car- of his helpers in the words of a comried forward our wbrk, both in Paris rade of the unfortunate man, who and in the provinces. In his annual gave his life for his country: "'VVe report our Director, whose eldest did not like him, we worshiped him. son, after distinguished service at the front, has twice been compelled to He was like a brother to us, our seek convalescence in a hospital-bed, exprest his hope for the future in the whole company weeps over him." most optimistic terms. Without a The twentieth century Frenchman word of complaint our Associate Director-whose first-born son has has proved himself the equal of the not been heard from since his wound, finest and noblest among mankind. received last August-continues his Once committed to the crusade of work of evangelization. Such high Christ, he will go forth as the leader and noble faith must have its re- of the world's hosts to the conquest ward. French Protestantism, small of the world in the name of the Son of God. The war ended, who can re- fuse his help to this incomparable crusader?

With R<;:>man

gT 'A MESSAGE FROM A FORMER CATHOLIC PRIEST I .HE writer was a Roman pathetic. There was no amused toler- Catholic priest. When ation, no wondering impatience. He was . 'he left the Roman com- explicit and painstaking, and he waited ;t!munion he decided that for Nicodemus a long while. ' ~o one should ever have A Catholic may come to a Protestant . ' a chance to catalog him when his mind is disturbed and his l'e- as an "ex,'" or a "non," or an "anti." ligious convictions unsettled. In deal- 1t was not a question of being afraid to ing with such a case the course is plain talk; much less was it a question of if you know just what you have to ac- having nothing to tell; the scandal- complish.

monger always can produce a sufficiency. The program of help is in three parts.

It was simply the result of his ambition 1. You must know how to abstain from to do and to be something positive. saying anything which will antagonize While he has, therefore, always regard- this Catholic brother. You must not do ed his experience in the Roman anything which would prove to him that Church as personal, as a phase in what he has heard of Protestant pre- his own religious development, it has j l1dice is well founded. 2. You must left him with a supply of first-hand point out the weaknesses of those points knowledge which he would like to share of Catholic teaching which are the very with his brethren in the Protestant min- essence of his prepossessions. 3. Lastly, istry, in order to enable them to deal you must explain to him some points intelligently and helpfully with the Cath- about Protestantism on which he is to- olics who come within the sphere uf tally misinformed.

their inft uence. 1. What not to say: Protestants who "go over to Rome" (a) No intelligent Catholic worships are uniformally treated with courtesy, images. The fact that in some parts of consideration and sympathy. It would the Catholic world there is every appear- be a pleasure to be able to record the ance of image-worship does not apply to same for Catholics who come over to the American Catholic, who does not Protestantism. There would be more worship images himself and doubts ii consideration and sympathy, I am sure, anyone anywhere does do it. To en- if their case were understood. large on this matter will not help him, There is only one Christ-like way to and will waste valuable time, and will c1eal with anyone who comes to you in convince him that Protestant sources of need of your ministry. Jesus' treatment information on religion are not reliable.

of Nicodemus is a fair example. Nico- Whether he does or does not know as demus was timid, ment;J.1ly bound to tra- much as you do, he thinks he knows ditions with which Jesus had no natural more.

sympathy; he came in the night and he (b) It is equally foolish to talk to did not immediately embrace the cause him as if you believed that he had been of Jesus Christ as his own. Jesus, how- forbidden to read the Scriptures. He ever, was tender and gentle and sym- never remembers having been forbidden * From The Expositor. to read the Scriptures, and any insist- 2. The Confessional.-In the confesence on your part will only convince him sional he has found the only sense of that you are biased and misinformed. pardon and relief from sin he has ever What has happened in his case is this: known. Here he has found what he behe has not been forbidden to read the lieved to be God's own assurance of for- Bible, but he has never been encouraged giveness. He has been taught to regard to do it.. It is sufficiently difficult to in- this as the one and only way open to him duce Protestant people to read it when of reconciliation with God. It holds him we not only do not forbid it but insist by the dominion of fear. He has never on it with all our power. Noone has gone straight to God with anything, and ever urged the Catholic to read it. More he finds it difficult to go straight to God than that, he has been imprest in many with this new difficulty. His condition subtle ways with the ·idea that the Bible is very painful. His very prayers arc is a difficult book to read; that the text mediated by the church and now, being is hard and the meanings obscure, amI at odds with the church, he can not that it would be better for all concerned achieve confidence in his prayers. His if he would read books written Ly very prayers seem to be offenses. Be scholarly Catholics who, presnma.liy, gentle with him. The "man who went read it intelligently and tell them what down from Jerusalem to Jericho anti to think. fell among thieves" was in an enviab:e condition as compared with this man. (c) Do not talk as II you were CJl1vinced that all priests and monks and 3. The Re'al Presence.-The docnuns were impure. For every case YO:1 trine of the Real Presence in the Euknow in support of your theory, he charist and in the Church is very real knows fifty men and women whose lives to the Catholic. He has been taught to compare very favorably with anything believe it from his earliest years. He he has seen among Protestants. He be- has never in his life entered a church lieves that all this talk is exaggeration, without making an act of reverence to it and, as a matter of fact, he is right. Tn and his convictions "grow with expresany case, your business is to help him, sion." He has found in it the only direct not vindicate your own opinion, q;nd this communion he has ever known. His won't help him. prayers have all been directed through this Real Presence. Now he feels that, Three Difficulties "if it should be true after all, he is really turning his back on Jesus Christ. He There are three doctrines of the Cath- has been taught that all doubts enterolic Church which make it difficult for tained are sins and here he is doubting the Catholic to get any other viewpoint the central fact of his religion. This than the one he has been taught. man is not just "superstitious," to be dealt with in a spirit of amused tolera- 1. The Primacy of Peter.-Tllis in- tion. What~ver your estimate of the volves the teaching and governing power basis of his suffering, the pain is very of the Church, the Catholic's rather real. vague, but altogether fearsome impressions of the "power of the keys," and Constructive Wark his suspicion that so old an institution as the Catholic Church must have some When all this work has been accomgood grounds for maintaining so vehe- plished what have you done? You simply mently that Peter was the first Pope and have now a dis-established Catholic. He that he passed on his authority to his is not a Protestant except in a negati 'e successors. This is really the founda- sense. You have now to remove some tion of all his habits of mind and his false impressions of Protestantism. He religious prejudices.

has believed in a religion which has a The Roman CathQlic has been relying ceremonial expression for every attitude on a religion of ceremonial and sacraand emotion. For penitential moments mental "props." His learning to walk he has the shadowy confessional, the religiously without them is a process. living confessor' in his robe and stoIc, His conversion will come in steps, and the whispered words of advice or reproof one step at a time. Don't make the misor consolation. In his moments of re- take of exploiting him in your prayerligious exaltation in the Holy Com- meetings. He will not expect you to munion-the only kind of real com- suggest it and will respect you if you do munion with Christ he knows- he has not. the hushed multitude, the dim religio;]s light, the solemn bell, the golden glow Remember, too that the Roman Church of the illuminated altar, the murmured does not let a member go without a fight words of the priest in his vestments, and to retain him. Every family tie and thcn the solemn laying on his tongue of every religious intiuence will be broug;1t the wafer which he has been taught to to bear to get him back. Cases diffcr, believe contains "the body and blood, and it will be a question for your dis· soul and Divinity" of Jesus Christ. ln cretion how you can help him. Lead the Protestant house of worship he se'!s him to read the Bible thoughtfully and none of these things which have been prayerfully, and explain its difficulties to associated in his mind with all the re- him. This will lead him to understand ligion he has ever known. It looks the simplicity of the Gospel of Christ "bare and cheerless." and the reality of direct access to Christ for salvation and power.

WHERE ROMAN CATHOLICS ARE SUCCESSFULLY REACHED Sunday afternoon, between services, in one of the MeAll establishments at Lille, France

DEI>ADTMENT ~

OF . •• ..~ .-~._I .'/ BEST METHODS ,., .. ,-.-…– CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK HOW EVERY ONE CAN WORK FOR very many had applied he would have MISSIONS found his resources taxed to the utmost.

I JI N the average missionary At the close of one of the great Lay- ~ society (as well as in the man's Missionary Conventions of the . average church) the ma- Southern Presbyterian Church, two pas- jority of members do tors were discussing this problem. almost nothing in the ~ way of individual wOl-k "Almost every speaker urged us to go home and put our men to work," said for mISSIOns, They come to the meet- one. "But I can't see how any pastor ings (when it does not interfere too could find enough definite tasks for all much with pleasure and convenience), the men in his church."

pay something in the way of dues, help "Perhaps I can help you," replied the occasionally with refreshments and go other. "There is a wise and simple home considering that they have done solution of the problem that holds good their duty. This lack of real work by no matter how many men there are in individuals is a great source of weak- the congregation. Let me tell you a ness. story from the experience of a well- The remedy lies in getting everyone known pastor as related by himself."

to share in the work instead of leaving The story was as follows. Tho not it all in the hands of the overburdened strictly missionary, it could easily be few. How can this be done? changed to make it so. The principle Years ago the Best Methods editor had holds good for any line of Christian work the great privilege of working under a. as well as for Christian living.

young Sunday-school superintendent "What's Come Over Murray?" whose methods were very nearly ideal.

He had a great desire to see his whole A young man came to me recently to school at work for Christ, and Sunday ask, "What Christian work can I do?"

after Sunday appealed to the members, 1 said to him, "What time do you get up young and old, to take up some form of ·in the morning?" definite service. But at length when one young girl responded to his appeals "At half-past six." and came to ask for something to do, he "What do you do after breakfast?" was dismayed to find that he had nothing "Go to the dffice, and work steadily until to give her! It was a perplexing and .1 go to lunch at twelve o'clock." embarrassing situation, but he soon "What do you do after lunch?" found something suited to her capabili- "Work steadily until half-past five or six, or sometimes later." ''What do you do after supper?"

ties which she was glad to do. But tf "Read the paper, or sometimes go to a

lecture or a concert. I'm too tired to do his oft-reiterated way of stating one of much." his fundamental principles.

"Whe~ would you do Christian work if At the Ecume~ical Conference in New I gave you any to do?" York in 1900, Mr. Eugene Stock named Moody's campaigns of 1874-75 and 1882- "I don't know." 84 in Great Britain as one of the prin- "Murray," I said, "God has so placed cipal causes of the immense advance of yoU, so filled your day, that I don't see the missionary spirit in England during where you can get time for much outside the last quarter of the nineteenth cen- Christian work. I don't think God expects tury. Yet these campaigns were not in you to add any Christian work to your any sense mIssIOnary. "Mr. Moody daily burden." never referred to foreign missions," said Murray looked at me a moment, and said, Mr. Stock. "But all the while there was "I guess that's so." being fostered a new sense of the claims "But wait a bit," I said. "Are there of Christ upon His people to do as He other men employed where you are?" bids them and go where He sends them." "Yes-a great many," he answered. "Do you do your work' as well as the The outcome was that men went forth rest, or not so well, or better?" -such men as John Kenneth Mackenzie, "Oh, about as well as any of them, I Wilfred T. Grenfel, and the Cambridge think." Seven-to carry the Gospel to the utter- "Do they know that you are a Christian?" most parts of the earth. Students of m;s- "'Vhy, yes, I suppose so." sionary biography are constantly amazed "See here, Murray, here's something you to find how great Moody's contributions can do. Do your work better than you to missions have been, in the men he inever did. Help the other fellow who is fluenced to give and go, and it was done behind, if you can. Let them all know that almost entirely through laying upon them you are a Christian, not hy talking, but as individuals a tremendous sense of reby living. Get in a helpful word here and sponsibility for the advancement of the there. Get some fellow to drop his oaths Kingdom of God in whatever place the or his beer. Show Christ living in you Lord called them to work. and controlling you. Preach the gospel among your associates by the best life you HOW CAN I HELP? can live with God's help. Will you try it ?" Two comprehensive lists of missionary He promised, and went away. Six weeks services that can be rendered by indilater I met the superintendent of the de- vidual workers have recently been ispartment where he worked. He said, sued-one for men' by the Kansas State "Isn't Murray one of your men?" Sunday-school Association, the other for "Yes," I said. "Why?" women by the Woman's Auxiliary of the "What's come over Murray?" he asked. Protestant Episcopal Church with head- "I don't know," I said. "I didn't know quarters in New York City. Both lists anything had." are worthy of careful study and prayer- "Well, there has. He's the best clerk in ful consideration. Every Christian the whole force, and has become so in the should go through them twice, checking last month. He's the best influence about first the things he is already doing and the whole place. The men all notice it. second the things he could and should be He's quiet, earnest, and full of a spirit doing. It would also be well to make a that imparts itself to others. Something typewritten copy of either or both and has come over Murray!" place it on the missionary bulletin board in the church vestibule. The lists are as Mr. Moody's Method follows: D. L. Moody's method was almost identically that of the foregoing story.

"I would rather put ten men to work thi-n to do the work. of tcn men," was

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Twenty-five Missionary Services for Men HOW WOMEN CAN HELP'"

1. Serve on the class missionary com- PRAYER mittee. I can pray daily for the advancement 2. Serve on the church missionary com- of Christ's Kingdom. mittee. I can pray for individual persons. 3. Promote an annual church-wide mis- fields and needs and for onr Missionary sion study campaign. organization.

4. Conduct one of the discussion groups, I can pray for the reunion of Chrisfor men or young men. tendom.

5. Aid the church to make effective the I can make these ;ubjects of special United Missionary Programs. intercession once each month at the Holy Communion. 6. Help make missions a normal part of every organization of your church. READING 7. Furnish the church bulletin with fresh As I read my Bible I can mark each missionary items. text which bears on the subject of Mis- sions. 8. Make a larger use of the press for the extension of Christian truth. I can take some definite time each week to read my denominational mis- 9. Distribute widely some of the leaflets sionary magazine and other missionary of the Laymen's Missionary Movement. literature.

10. Be a missionary intercessor. I can form a missionary reading circle. 11. Assume a prayer-responsibility for I can lend missionary magazines and some definite work and worker. books. 12. Promote prayer groups, meeting in I can mail magazines and leaflets to different homes. friends. 13. Be a "hilarious giver" of "the tenth and beyond." CONVERSATION 14. Be one of the canvassers for the annual every-member canvass for the weekly I can always speak of Missions with offering to missions. respect and affection, and on suitable 15. Assist personally and financially the occasions, with enthusiasm. community philanthropies. 16. In cooperation with other churches I can find opportunity from time to investigate and meet the religious needs of time to introduce the subject in talking the community. with my family and my guests; at table, 17. Participate in Gospel Team work, in traveling, at hotels, in winter and holding evangelistic meetings in shops, summer resorts, and visiting. places of business, and in the open air. 18. Visit rural Sunday-schools, aiding by STUDY address or song. 19. Help carry the Gospel to the neg- I can join a study class or a normal lected adjacent rural communities. class. 20. Hold religious meetings in jails or hospitals. I can teach a study class or organize 21. Show friendliness to foreigners, one. conducting English classes and gwtng pleasant evenings with stereopticon pic- THE PASTOR tures. 22. Correspond with social service work- I can talk the whole matter over with ers and missionaries. my pastor, show him my interest in Mis- 23. Help your church maintain a parish sions and my willingness to help. abroad. 24. Support a substitute Christian work- * Condensed and adapted from a leaflet, "How er on the foreign field. Can I Help?" cop,ies of which may be had from 25. Discover and help train missionary The Woman's Auxiliary, Church Missions House, leaders and missionary recruits. . 281 Fourth Avenue. New York City.

I can ask him to conduct a Bible Class GIFTS or a Class in Church History that will develop an intelligent interest in Mis- I can give myself to the cause of missions. sions at home or abroad.

THE PARISH I can study the means at my disposal and encourage myself to give constantly I can join the Woman's Missionary and increasingly. Society and help try to make it an ideal society. I can make my offering a glad and free-will gift, asking God's blessing)U I can give my personal help in the it. parish, trying. to upbuild it in spiritual things-the same help we expect mis- I can study: ways of giving up, so that sionaries in the field to give-in Sundayschool, choir, guild, with the poor, the I may have more to give. sick, the lonely, the depraved. GIVING UP TO GIVE MORE MEETINGS Those who are willing to adopt the I can have a drawing-room meeting last suggestion il} the foregoing listfor the Forward Movement, for the giving up in order to have more to give United Offering, or for a missionary. -will find abundant opportunity for it during the present month in the matter I can prepa~e myself to take part in of indulgence in cold drinks and frozen the meetings. dainties, the constant use of which is bad for one's health and robs the mis- Enlisting Workers sionary treasury of large sums that ought to find their way into it. I can keep a list of workers needed and help to find them by prayer and by "To-day in my Indian home many making friends with the young women memories throng upon me," wrote in the church and in girls' boarding- a missionary in India after her furschools, training-schools for nurses and lough. "One vision that often comes to teachers) colleges. me is of ice-cream tables and counters. I thiuk of the rows and rows of men, MISSION ARIES: ON FURLOUCH women, and children who every day, every hour, every minute, are consuming I can entertain missionaries in my mountains of ice-cream or drinking home for one meal or a longer stay. rivers of ice~cream soda. I think of the dimes paid for all this, and I covet them I can invite friends to meet them and for India. Truth, however, compels me give them pleasure-a drive, music, to say that, missionary's wife tho I am, flowers. in the awful iceless heat of my Indian home I have rather enticing visions of MISSION ARIES: ON THE FIELD those dear little mountains of ice-cream and charitable thoughts for the con- I can send Easter and Christmas cards sumers thereof. Nevertheless, I still to individual missionaries and mail them covet all those dimes for India." papers, magazines and books after reading. Last summer a Baptist man in an Eastern city read the statement in a I can write bright, cheery letters to woman's missionary magazine that ten them, expecting no reply. cents woul<.l buy either a glass of ice- cream soda or pay the rent for one Sun- I can dress a doll for a missionary's day of a room in which thirty children child or to be used as a reward to the from the street are gathered each week native children.

I can gather kindergarten, hospital and school supplies.

OF BEST METHODS

for Sunday-school in India. Whereupon 0, to do nothing, nothing! he wrote to the editor, Mrs. Helen Bar- Others who will, may work; rett Montgomery, a letter in which he complained that she had greatly dis- But I much prefer to be quiet, Life's burdens and cares to shirk. SODA OR CHILDREN-WHICH? Lilies and sparrows do nothing, turbed his peace of mind. "Just think," Yet all their wants are supplied; he wrote, "what this will mean to me tomorrow, and the next day, and for day~ Much of our' labor is wasted to come. I will start for a cool glass of And gets not a "Thank you" beside. soda-water and find in the bottom of the glass the faces of thirty street chil- Chorus-O, to do nothing, nothing! dren of India looking at ine !" 0 ; to do nothing, nothing! In the letter, however, he enclosed two Ministers-what is their trade dollars (with the promise of more) to be credited to the woman's missionary But doing the .work of the Master? society of his church, the purpose of the And for it they're pretty well paid. gift being, "to restore his peace of mind for a couple of weeks at least ." Of course, some people are fitted, Which I don't pretend to be; SONG OF THE CHURCH DRONE 0, to do nothing, nothing! They like to make speeches in meeting, Which is out of the question for me. Only to live at my ease; And swing in a silken hammock Chorus-O, to do nothing, nothing!

While fanned by a gentle breeze. 0, to do nothing, nothing! Sweet is a life of pleasure, That is the way to be blest; Sipping the honey of flowers; There can be no labor in heaven, Like a butterfly in the sunshine For that isa perfect rest.

Enjoying the golden hours. Rather do nothing, nothing, Chorus–O, to do nothing I Than always go bustling about, Trying if I can't do something, And never quite making it out.

Chorus-O, to do nothing, nothing I [Reprinted from THE MISSIONARY RE- VIEW of April, 1889.] MAKING CALLS FOR MISSIONS One of the most helpful and fruitful forms of individual missionary service is the giving of personal invitations to missionary meetings. This costs no money and not much effort, yet if every one made it a practise the army of mis- sionary workers would soon be greatly augmented. In a recent article in The Continent Mrs. Helen Barrett Mont- gomery made a plea for such help, and gave a remarkable illustration of what one earnest worker can accomplish.

"For fifty years now," she says, "the women's missionary societies of the Protestant churches of the United States have been carrying on a beneficent and far-reaching work for the women and children of non-Christian lands. They have built schools, hospitals, colleges, have collected millions of dollars and

won great trophies for Christ in many are interested in knowing something of lands. But at the end of fifty years they our society," says a letter received from have only succeeded in securing the co- one of the members, "and I certainly operation of one-sixth of the women of would be pleased to tell you something the churches. Why is it? about it for we are very proud of it. A "Perhaps we have been content to gifted, consecrated woman laid the foun- rest down on a 'large auxiliary,' a dations years ago and when she re- 'flourishing branch,' with no urgency for signed to take a synodical office, the the nine-tenths, the three-fifths, or the presidency fell on the shoulders of a one-third yet unreached. There is many a succession of women, good and true, woman grieving because she can not who served the society faithfully and give more for the Christianizing of well. Then God raised up one who was women and children in heathen lands in every way fitted for the task. She who would add immensely to her effec- brought to it a life consecrated to the tiveness if she could see that her part work and was literally willing to spend of the task is to win recruits on the and be spent in it.

home field with all the persistance, "She has a charming persopality and prayer, ingenuity and devotion with at once undertook the work of person- which the missionary seeks to plant the ally visiting everyone of the three or empire of Jesus Christ in the foreign four hundred homes connected with our field. church. This, together with constant "A heartening instance lately came to reminders to the women of their duty light of the work of one girl in a single and responsibility caused the society to church. There were 350 women in it take great leaps in membership. She i;; and when she began only about fifty gracious in her manner to all alike and of them were in the missionary so- every woman was pleased to do what- ciety. After a year of calling, prayer, ever was asked of her. To God first explanation and invitation, during which who heard her prayers, then to this she made over 1,000 calls, the propor- devoted woman, the just credit of our tion was reversed. All but fifty of th,~ flourishing society is due. She is no women were enrolled in the missionary longer our president, having been called society as contributing members, and the to an important synodical office, out we contributions had incr,eased from $200 LO still have the inspiration of her examplt!

$1,200! . to help us in our work."

':When asked the secret of her amaz- During the past eighteen months the ing achievement she said, 'I prayed that Best Methods editor has been watching God would give me tact to say the right . with peculiar interest the development word; I studied that I might know the of a woman who has always been inter- facts; I distributed literature; I did not ested in missions to a certain extent (her scold; I always spoke of the love of husband was born in China, the son of Jesus.' " Presbyterian missionaries), but has Some months ago we heard of a mis- never done much active work. But on sionary society in Ohio that had made the accession of a new president in the the same phenomenal growth and wrote missionary society she evidently made to ascertain what method had been used. up her mind to do what she could to It proved to be the same-the personal help her. Every month, a few days work of one woman. But in this case before the meeting she either called her it was the president of the society who up on the telephone or made a personal did it. visit to her home to ask whether there "Incidentally I have learned that yOlt was anything she could do to help. She

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made it her business to invite people to not, perhaps, worthy of wiae adoption, the meetings and usually brought one but it proves two things-first, the pos- or more of her neighbors, in many in- sibilities of individual effort; second, the stances women who had never before value and power of small contributions.

attended. INDIVIDUAL PRAYER The results of her work have not been spectacular, as in the other cases In these days so much stress is laid cited, but she has done what she could on the power of united prayer that we and is gradually working into a place are apt to overlook the fact that the of great responsibility in her society. Scriptures teach that the "fervent.

£ 1,000 IN PENNIES effectual prayer of a righteous man availeth much." It is true that the One of the most remarkable instances "righteous" man was the great prophet' on record of individual effort for mis- Elijah, but it is stated that he was "a sions was inspired by the addresses of man of like passions with us." With his Alexander Duff, the silver-tongued mis- faith, our prayers may become as effec- sionary orator who is said to have ac- tual as his.

complished as much for foreign mis- The story is told of a church in which sions in the homeland as he did by his there was a great awakening among the great work in India. young people. No special efforts had In 1839 when he was raising funds heen put forth along this line and the for the buildings and equipment of his church was unable to account for it.

famous college in Calcutta, many in- But by and by it was traced to an 'old dividuals, especially Christian women, colored auntie who came early every b~came his ardent helpers. One lady in Sunday and took her seat in an unused London raised by her own exertions the gallery of the church. She knew every sum of £500. Inspired by her example body, and her old heart was so burdened two Scotch ladies of high birth, the for the young people that as they en- Misses MacIntosh of Raigmore House, tered one by one she prayed with all the Inverness, whose father had been the fervor of her earnest soul that God founder of one of the six great com- would touch their hearts and win them mercial and banking houses in Calcutta, to Himself. Her prayers were answered lIndertook the stupendous task of raising and by and by she had the inexpressible £ 1,000 in pennies, "each of which joy of seeing them, one by one, stand should represent so much intelligence, before the altar and publicly name the faith and prayer." name of Christ. She had literally prayed It was a plan akin to Carey's "penny them into the kingdom. Anyone who a week and a prayer." By enlisting a feels the burden of souls and has the great army of small givers (an English faith in God can do as much.

penny being two cents, it would take A wonderful instance of the power of something like 250,000 to make £1,000!) individual prayer is related in a little they hoped to arouse interest in mis- pamphlet entitled, "A Modern Pentecost sions in every parish in Scotland. in South China." Here in America the "Through indefatigable exertions," says invalid mother of a missionary in China Doctor Duff, "the object was at length began to pray for a revival on her loved really accomplished, and in carrying it one's special field and by and by it came out no doubt a vast deal of fresh interest in great power. Such was the mother's in the mission was diffused throughout faith that six weeks before the revival the church." came she wrote to her daughter from Such a method of raising money is….o-her s~ut-in home that God had given her

full assurance that her prayers for an rendering service to Christ along the line outpouring of the Holy Spirit had been of his secular employment. A good il- heard and that it was surely coming. lustration of this comes from the South.

At Gossner's grave it was said of him A few years ago Mr. Allan Nicholson that "he prayed up the walls of a hos- of Union, South Carolina, editor of a pital; prayed mission stations into being country newspaper, decided to see what and missionaries into faith; prayed open he could do to arouse interest in mis- the hearts of the rich and gold from sions through the columns of his paper. distant lands." With like faith any He began by devoting about half a Christian may do likewise. column in each issue to the trials, dis- comforts, discouragements and sacrifices USING TALENTS FOR MISSIONS made by those who leave home and "Who does all this beautiful letter- friends to do God's work in foreign ing?" asked a professor in an eastern lands. Then, early in November he college, as he examined the diplomas secured the nameS and addresses of all that were to be given to the graduates workers Sent out by those Southern . at the coming commencement. denominations having churches in the "Mr. W–, of the Savings Bank," territory covered by his paper. These was the reply. "He does it for us every he published together with an editorial year." in which he urged those of his readers Now it so happens that Mr. W– is who honored heroism to send to these a member of the Presbyterian Church in men and women, in time to reach them which the professor is a ruling elder, on the coming Christmas, at least a line yet he had never known that he could of good cheer and the assurance of do such work. That year there had prayerful interest in their work. The been great need in the church for some list itself made a profound impression. one to do lettering on posters for the Few had realized how large a number of bulletin board. But, tho Mr. W– is persons from the South were at work in a tnost obliging man and very faithful foreign lands, to his church duties, he had rendered no assistance along this line. Just why The editor himself set the example by is a question. As no one knew he could writing personal letters to the mission- do such work he was not asked to help; aries of his own denomination. Later as no public ,appeal was made, he may on it occurred to him to ask those to not have known the need; as he is a whom he had written to send him brief very modest man, he may not have been accounts, to be published in his paper, willing to offer his services. Whatever on "How I Spent Christmas." The re- the cause, the church, the cause of mis- sponse on the part of the missionaries sions, and Mr. W– himself, all suf- was so generous that the letters when fered loss. published occupied more than six col- One of the most important things a umns and furnished reading of a most church can do is to discover the talents fascinating sort. of its members and urge their use for Christ. No better way can be found 0f As a result some 7,000 persons, most developing individual service. of whom rarely if ever see a missionary Making Daily Occupations Count magazine, and who have no interest whatever in missions, read and enjoy~d Daily occupations, too, can be made these letters and came infO close contact to further the cause of missions. It is with the missionaries. What this editor surprizing how many opportunities the did others could do-and editors are not truly consecrated Christian can find for the only men who can make their daily occupation count for missions.

WODLD-WIDE

MISSIONADY NEWS EUROPE-BRITISH ISLES ford is still at the Church Missionary Orphanage at Nazareth, where abOut Britain'a Tobacco Bill 300 Turkish soldiers are quartered, for whom her ser~ices as a nurse are re- ACCORDING to R. P. Moncrieff, of quisitioned. The isolation of these and Newcastle-on-Tyne, the statistician other workers is a trial, but no doubt of the Anti-Tobacco League, the Brit- their testimony is being maintained, so ish t(j)bacco bill for 1914 amounted to that the things which are happening to over $160,000,000: This represents a these will fallout rather to the furtherconsumption of 110,983,215 pounds, or ance of the Gospel. an average of 10.80 pounds for every family in the United Kingdom. The Soldiers' Favorite Hymns increased consumption of 3.18 per cent. over the previous year, at a time when CANON SCOTT-HOLLAND, who almost every other form of luxury has ..J has recently paid a visit to the solsuffered, he attributes largely to the diers at Havre, writing in the CommoJlwidespread appeals for tobacco for the wealth says: "Never were such hymntroops. Mr. Moncrieff regards, "the singers known. They never tire of piteous appeals of the soldiers for tobac- hymns. No sing-song that does not culco" as "striking evidence of the hold minate. in hymns. You ought to hear the tobacco habit has upon the smo- the shout of their jolly voices. They all ker's system," and demands that "the in- have their favorites. And, tho we do a evitable cigaret" shall be rigidly pro- good deal in the way of 'Throw out the' hibited in the military hospitals, because life-line' or 'At the roll-call I'll be of the effect of tobacco in delaying the there,' or 'Hold the fort,' still far the healing of wounds. most popular are the best. Put it to the vote, and the strength of the §hout Misaionary Prisoner. of War will be for 'Holy, Holy, Holy,' or ,'Abide with Me,' or 'Jesu, Lover of my Soul,' TWENTY-FIVE of the London Mis- and very often for 'Lead, Kindly Light.' sionary Society's missionaries are They sing and sing, and if you give them a bit of religion they have their prisoners of war. Fourteen in German grip on it at once. They listen as they East Africa have been completely cut do not know how to listen at home. off from all communication with their There is no beating about the bush, and friends for many months. In Palestine no apology needed.' They want you to six Church Missionary Society mission- talk about religion right away. There aries have been under restraint, Dr. is no wall up between you and them. Sterling, of Gaza being kept in prison You need have no fear at all. Whatever for several days. In Turkish Arabia you, can give they are hungry to take." five men and women workers have been detained by the Turks. Five of the Palestine missionarieS /Were permitted to leave for Egypt. Miss E. A. Law-

THE CONTINENT manner of life has been changed and elevated. Dr. Thomson hopes that some- Basel Mission in War Time time the great English "Gypsy" evan- gelist may visit these new communities THE extensive and valuable work of of "followers." the Basel Missionary Society in both India and Africa has been seriously Bishop Muelson, of the Methodist hampered by the war. Tho Basel is in Church, also reports a revival at Varna. Switzerland, its missionaries are for the The whole city has been greatly stirred, most part from South Germany, and at and many have joined the Protestant the outbreak of the war most of the Church. students in the great Training Home were called to take arms in the German Poland'. Sufferings service. The Indian Government has interned many German missionaries at THE indescribable desolation and ruin various centers-64 men, 41 mission- which have been visited upon Bel- gium have their counterpart in Poland's aries' wives, 7 unmarried ladies, and 40 experience. Much less has been written and published of the Polish loss and children, in all 152 persons. suffering, but later reports from that In Africa, 120 persons have been re- sphere of the war indicate that it would be hard to exaggerate them. The cor- moved from their stations, 34 of the respondent of the London Chronicle thus men, chiefly mission-merchants, having summarizes the situation in part: Over been brought to England and interned a line of 650 miles some 3,000,000 Austro- there, while the ordained missionaries Germans and 4,000,000 Russians are and their wives and children were a.l- fighting each other. For more than six lowed to return to Germany. months they have been treading down and tearing in turn the Polish land and .Gypsy Revival in Bulgaria famishing and exterminating its inhabi- tants. The Poles have hitherto fur- REV. ROBERT THOMPSON, of nished 1,500,000 soldiers, almost equally Samokov, gives in The Orient an divided between the Russian and Austro- account of an awakening in the gyp:>y German armies. Up to now 400,000 of communities of Bulgaria. The revival them have been lost, killed, wounded, or has taken place at Golintsy, and has fol- taken prisoners. Everywhere the tide of lowed the preaching of a Methodist fighting has repeatedly overrun the . evangelist. Twenty families have con- country. It has submerged about 200 stituted themselves an evangelical towns and 9,000 villages. The material church, and at the dedication of their damages amount to more than 120,000,- church building, eight more conversions 000 pounds ($600,000,000). About 5,000 were registered. This gypsy community of these villages have been razed to the is fervent in spirit and intensely inter- ground either in battle or in retreat. ested in the spiritual welfare of their More than IOO churches have been puned orthodox neighbors. They delight in down and more than 1,000 badly dam- the singing of hymns. They study the aged. All stores of corn and forage Bulgarian Bible, but it may be necessary have ·been seized or destroyed and 1,000,- to provide them with the Scriptures and 000 horses and 2,000,000 cattle have been hymns in the Romany-the Gospel of taken for the armies or have perished Luke alone being now available in their for want of pasture; The rural popula- own tongue. A great exterior reforma- tion of 7,000,000 is r~duced to beggary. tion has gone with the spiritual change. All factories have stopt working. Many Homes. have been immensely improved- are greatly damaged; 100 very important girls as well as boys are going to school -faces are clean, daily language has been purged of evil-and the whole

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

ones have been destroyed. The whole distributed. Notwiths~anding what has of the industrial production amounting been done, how much yet remains un- to above $400,000,000 yearly, has been done. An appeal for another million ruined, and 400,000 workmen are now copies, such as is made, can not be without means of subsistence, together lightly passed by.-London Christian.

with a multitude of artisans and trades- German Missions in Japan men deprived with their families of any earnings. ORE. SCHILLER, a missionary of the German Protestant Mission, Jewish Missions in Galicia writes hopefully of the work, in spite of the war. The decree of the Presi- PASTOR ZOECKLER, who for years dent of the Cabinet, Count Okuma, or- has been employed by the Lutheran ders the authorities to treat the Germans Jewish Mission of Leipzig, and also by living in the land in a friendly way, the Danish Israel Mission at Stanislau, saying expressly: "We are sorry that we Galicia, as their mis'sionary among the were compelled to declare war against Jews in Galicia, has been forced to leave Germany, but we have not the least une his field on account of the Russian in- friendly feelings against German subvasion of the city. The large home for jects. Germans who live in the emchildren in this city also had to be closed, pire may remain here in peace; those and the children with their teachers had who desire to leave may do so without to flee for their lives. Pastor Zoeckler hindrance, and those who desire to has now been appointed superintendent come may also -do so. As long as they of the Deaconess Institute at Gallen- live peacefully and according to our kirchen. Pastor E. Clumsen of the laws, their occupations, their persons, Danish Israel Mission in Galicia has their honor, and their property will De been forced to give up his work among protected by the law." Missionary W. the Jews, and at present is at home in Gundert writes: "I have regular meet- Denmark.-Missionstidnig.

Another Million Bibles for Russia ings, and they are well attended. The NEVER in the history of Russia, so work of Germans in Japan is far more far as we are aware, has there been important than' ever before. Never was such a call for the Word of God as there a time for missions as now, so there is at the present time. The news hope for something great."-Calwer of the distribution to the soldiers at the Missionsblatt.

front, and to their families, who hitherto Spanish Mayor Studying the Bible have not possest the Scriptures, is most T cheering. Some are walking miles to HE Spanish Religious Tract and Book Society last year distributed get a copy, and when they receive them they show their gratitude in the most about 195,000 evangelical tracts, 130,- extraordinary ways. The very highest 000 copies of the International Sunday- of the land are engaging in the effort School lessons, and 15,000 Bibles and to circulate that Book, which alone can Scripture portions. The agent of the give real and lasting peace to the torn Society in J aen, Spain, reports that on and sorrowing hearts of those bereft the day after one meeting the priest of their dear ones, and also give like and his housekeeper told the landlord peace to thos'e who are so bravely fight- of the agent's house that he was circu- ing for their country's honor amidst so lating Anarchist literature. Then they many dangers. Last month alone more went to the maYOr, to the judge, and to than 340,000 Gospels and smaller por- the captain of the Civil Guards, but no tions of Scripture had been carefully one took any notice. A few days later

the mayor sent .an official to say that he are in their graves. But Jesus Christ, wished to read some of the books, and whose kingdom is to include all nations the agent gave him "The King who is and kindreds and tribes, is not encoming," a Bible, and four Gospels. tombed: He is risen. And all power in The village has been completely roused heaven and earth has been given unto by the evangelical literature. Him. That is our hope."-BrsHoP F.

War Reforms in France W. WARNE.

W AR conditions have developed in Mission Buildings Seized by Turks the French people a new spirit of idealism. Dr. E. W. Bysshe, superin- THE Turkish authorities have seized tendent of the Methodist Episcopal and confiscated the training coIlege Mission in France, writes that '''formerly frivolous, selfish, pleasure-loving, of the British Syrian Mission at Beirut, the all-absorbing purpose of the French also buildings at Baalbec and Damas- cus. The Edinburgh Medical Mission- ary Society's hospital at Da!llascus has to-day is to fight this war to a finish, in also. been seized.

the belief that lasting peace may thus The Missionary Herald states that a be secured not only for their own na- building of the American Board in tion, but for the whole world. Not only Asia Minor was seized, the cross upon has the war chastened and sobered the it taken down and a crescent substipeople of France, but it has added other tuted, and the building renamed the new elements to their character that are "Patience 1;10sque," in recognition of weIl worth while. Formerly materialism the patience the Turks have so long and socialism prevailed. A tremendous shown in hearing the bell call to Chrisspiritual awakening is spreading over tian worship!

the country which will, as I believe, Reports also come from Safed and produce a greater France to take her from Tiberias in Palestine, that the rightful place among the nations of the mission-school buildings' in those cenfuture." ters have been taken, by order of the ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS Turkish Government, and converted Christ and Mohammed into Moslem schools. The Scotch Mis- sion hospital at Nazareth was, however, I Na one of the villages in North India, continuing its work, at last reports, un- missionary was preaching in a ba- der the matron who chose to remain at zaar. After he had closed, a Moham- her post.

medan gentleman came up, and said, A Millllions on Sinai Peninllula "You must admit that we have one MISSION dispensary and a girls' thing you have not, and it is better than anything you have." The missionary school were opened a few months smiled, and said, "I shaIl be pleased to ago in the town of EI Areesh, 60 miles hear what it is." The Mohammedan from Gaza, Southern Palestine. The gentleman said, "When we go to our town, of some 8,000 inhabitants (all Mecca, we find at least a coffin. But Moslems), lies near the seashore in the when you Christians go to Jerusalem, northwest corner of the Sinai Peninsula, which is your Mecca, you find· nothing on the direct route from Egypt to Syria.

but an empty grave." The, missionary EI Areesh has come into prominence in replied, "That is just the difference. consequence of the unsuccessful Turk- Mohammed is dead. Mohammed is in ish attack on Egypt. Detachments of his coffin. The founders of all these the army, after passing through Gaza false systems of religion and philosophy and Beersheba, concentrated at El

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Areesh for their final advance against The Hindu'. Test of Character the Suez Canal. REV. R. A. HUME, D.D., of India, Canon Sterling, the Church Mission- says: "My experience as a mission- ary enables me to give some testimony ary Society missionary from Gaza, as to how Indians estimate the -influwrites: "Many anticipate the overthrow ence of the Bible on Europeans. In 40 of Turkey and her passing away from years I have had some intercourse with the scene of European and Asiatic poli- over a hundred officials in the highest tics. It will be the end of a long reign ranks of the Indian Civil Service. In characterized by oppression and tyran- the case of one assistant collector whom ny toward the alien races and faiths I had not then met, a Hindu came to within her domain. It will be a day of me and said, 'I know that this new asblessing for Christian and Jew alike. sistant collector is a" good man, because For the Armenians and other nativ~ every morning in his tent he reads a Christians it will be a restoration of re- book which we all know to be the Bible.' ligious and political liberty, the day of Later I became acquainted with that ofemancipation from the hand of the op- ficial, and have not been surprized to pressor and spoiler, and new doors for find him one who was most trusted by Christian work will be opened."

Indians, and that he rose very rapidly in INDIA the most eminent official service in the Medical Mi..ions on the Frontier world. Few things so depreciate an English official in the eyes of Moham- D R. ARTHUR LANKESTER, of the medans and Hindus as open disregard Church Missionary Society Medi- of the Christian religion."

cal Mission at Peshawar, on the Afghan Frontier, who has undertaken special Book. Which Evanselize work in connection with the prevention ATRACT society in India makes the of tuberculosis on behalf of the Govern- following remarkable statement: "A ment of India, paid a farewell visit to very large part of our sales of devo- Charsadda, a place of some 20,000 in- tional books such as 'The Imitation of habitants twenty miles from Peshawar, Christ,' 'In Green Pastures,' 'Come Ye Yhere three years ago he had the great- Apart,' 'Daily Light,' etc., are to non- est difficulty in getting the bigoted Mo- Christians. Such books are used by the hammedan inhabitants to allow one of very priests in the preparation of their their number to fulfil his promise to let discourses and prayers in Hindu tem- a sugar warehouse for a branch hos- ples. Whole communities are being inpital. The inhabitants held a tamasha fluenced in this way."

(demonstration) as a fervid expression The Rajah'. Thankofferins of gratitude for the work of the medical D mission, and Dr. Lankester and Dr. J. R. KUGLER is the head of the mag- nificent Lutheran hospital at Gun- F. Richardson were received with great e~thusiasm. Mohammedans and Hindus tur. They are just building a large new alike vied with one another in carrying wing, and the rajah has given a fine new out the most energetic and effusive dem- inn for the friends of the thousands of onstrations of appreciation. The change" patients. He gave it to the mission in in the attitude of the people from one gratitude for the life of his son, who of suspicion and actual hostility to one was saved in the hospital. Dr. Kugler of cordial good-will and friendship, is slept for two weeks out on the veran- entirely due to the agency of the medi- da near the little prince, who she feared calmis-sion.-Maslern W orid. would die. One night she heard foot-

steps. She did not move, but listened, these are well attended and are con- and in the dim light she saw the father, ducted by themselves.-MRs. E. P. DUN- the rajah of that great district, bend· LAP, Tap Teang, Siam. ing over the little white cot praying, "Our Father, who art in heaven," and The ·Laos Epidemic pleading for his son's life. God gave the little son back, and that. father has ABOUT 5,000 Laos have become given his heart to Christ. He has not Christians since the epidemic of yet had courage to be baptized, but it is thought that he will come in time. malignant malaria began in Northern OI:1e can see everywhere the love tho,e Siam. Many striking incidents illus- people bear the doctors and nurses at the trate God's power in saving both body hospital. and soul. In many instances, when some members of a family were restorerl Making Good Use of Idols to health, all the family would become Christians. One important feature of MISSIONARY in Travancore saw the work is a wide distribution of the A one morning a native coming to his Scriptures. The leaders among the new house with a heavy burden. On reach- Christians are being trained in the Theoing it he laid on the ground a sack. Un- logical Training-School, and schools fastening it, he emptied it of its con- have been opened for the children. tents-a number of idols. "What have Funds are urgently needed to take adyou brought these here for?" asked the vantage of the present opportunity. missionary. "I don't want them." "YOIl Gifts may be forwarded through Dwight have taught us that we do not want H. Day, treasurer, 156 Fifth Avenue, them, sir," said the native; "but I think New York City; or may be sent direct they might be put to some good use. to Rev. H. Campbell, Chiengmai, North Could they not be melted down and Siam. made into a bell for ~ur church?" The hint was taken. They sent the idols to CHINA a bell-founder, who made them into a bell which now summons the native The Outlook in China converts to praise and prayer.-Evangelical Christian. T the jubilee meetings of the China A Inland Mission, which were held in Three Generations of Christians in Siam London in May, the secretary of the Chinese Students Christian Union in T HE joy of seeing the third genera- England (Mr. K. L. Chau, B.A.) gave tion of Christians being brought to an impressive address on the outlook of . the church is great. Mr. Dunlap has Christianity in China to-day. In rehad the privilege of baptizing all three viewing the field, he found four great generations. One of the most powerful barriers against the advance of Chrishelps in the church is the mid-week tianity in China: (1) The revival of prayer service, where some of the most Confucianism; (2) the study of political earnest, well-worded prayers are offered economy and science; (3) an undue eleup by men who can not read a word, -and vation of education; (4) nationalism. we have marveled at them, and in listen- The other side of the picture, however, ing can not but feel that they are very is full of hope, and there are four great near the Master. The men also hold a forces which make for Christian adprayer service every Sabbath evening vance in China: (1) The Chinese leadin the different homes, while the women ers see the need of Christianity; (2) and .children have their own sen-:ice. All with the birth of the Republic there has been tlie dawn of the erl,L of religious freedom; (3) the. bond of superstit~on

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is breaking; (4) China is being governed duced some other students to join a by students. Mr. Chau then spoke of Bible class in Tientsin Union church. the work being done by the Chinese Presently most of these men were, bap- Christian Students Union in England.- tized. They became diligent in study, The Christian. patient in healing, and energetic in preaching the gospel in other schools. I Rejoicing in Self-Sacrifice have decided to become a Christian be- cause I wish to be like Christian men THE one big missionary feature that whom I have observed-a man with pure stays by me most notably from my heart, red blood, true patriotism, perfect zeal. I decided to make whatever perrecent trip to Asia is the glad self-sac- sonal sacrifice might be required in takrifice by native Christians in order to ing a public stand, in order to lead have and give the Gospel. Again and tempted and half-fallen young men into again this readiness to make great sac- paths of righteousness and morality." rifices in order to extend the knowledge of the truth imprest me. In Hang Chow Union Undertakings in China I found that our Chinese minister had recently received an offer from the city I N China, as in no other foreign misauthorities to take charge of the principal department in the public schools, sion field, union educational instituat just three times his salary. That sal- tions are being tried. A map of .China ary was $7.50 gold per month-just a and Korea, worked out by a Committee starving wage, for he had a fair-sized on Christian Education in the Mission family. But he did not hesitate for a Field, of which Dr. T. H. P. Sailer is moment to decline the offer, saying: the expert secretary of the American "China must have Christ, even if I section, shows 54 schools located in these starve." In other countries, instances countries that are under interdenominaof self-denial made voluntarily by tional auspices. They include IO colgroups of men and women were re- leges of arts and sciences, IS theological peated to me, many of them so great schools, 9 medical schools, 5 Bible trainas to touch me profoundly. Does not ing-schools, 6 high schools, 2 nurses' this fact challenge the Church at home? training-schools, and 7 normal schools. It ought to put us' to shame; but does it? Thirty-eight societies cooperate in one When we learn to draw the line between or more of these institutions, 22 Ameriour wants and our needs, we shall find can, IO British, 4 Continental, 2 reprethe realm of eager stewardship bearing senting Australia and New Zealand, more fruit than now.-REV. H. A. JOHN- respectively. Peking, Foochow, and Canton, named as 3 of the 7 important STON. union centers, are the only ones of the cities in which the American Board has Chinese Statesmen Led to Christ stations. Yet it is cooperating in IO institutions. In all three of these cities THE secretary of state of Chekiang plans are under way for still broader province, China, is a Christian. He union undertakings. In Peking it is anticipated that all the denominations determined to enter the church during represented will. combine in one large meetings held recently in Hangchow, Christian university, including profeswas examined, and in time baptized by a sional schools. At Foochow also a union Presbyterian missionary. Of unusual college or university' in which the six interest is a statement made by him in American and English societies workconnection with his receiving baptism. ing in that city shall join'is already ac- Wen Shih Tsen said: "My first impulse toward Christianity was received when I was a student in the medical college at Tientsin, and after President Liu in-

cepted by all in its plan, tho the lack of missionary at Changsha, as its general funds for property and equipment delays secretary. Next, it proposed the crea- the execution of the scheme. In this era tion of a new missionary district, over of China's huge awakening and clamor which it is suggested to appoint later a for education, it is inspiring to see the native Bishop, either as an assistant to Christian forces getting together to pro- one of the European Bishops or as an vide some worthy and commanding in- independent administrator. It also be- stitutions of learning. ~an the wor~ of creating a ,general On the Chineae-Tibetan Border theological seminary for the education of the native clergy; it promulgated a MR.. J. H. EDGAR, in the eight Book of Offices, considered the revision months which have elapsed since of existing rules on social and racial rehe was appointed by the China Inland lationships, and decided upon a cam- Mission to Weikiu, has traveled 2,025 paign of education by means of a series English miles, and sold more than 13,000 of periodical publications in Chinese. Scripture portions and other Christian All these are strategic moves of the booklets, about one-fourth being in highest importance and mark an ad- Tibetan script. Of a recent journey he vance in constructive planning that is writes: "My destination was up a deep bound to have far-reaching results in ravine to Tsaopo, in the Washi terri- the future.

tory, a journey by no means easy at any The End of Opium in China time, but now made almost impossible O by broken rope-bridges, torrent-rent N the authority of the National Re- view, published in Shanghai, it is roads, rolling rocks, and blazing sun.

At Liang-ho-k'eo I found one of my stated that a scheme has been formul- 1907 enquirers, who, altho lost sight of gated, approved by all parties con- all these years, is giving a sure testi- cerned, under which the opium stocks mony in the wilds of Washi. In my_ at Shanghai and Hong Kong will he work I am careful to leave only anno- purchased by the Chinese Government, tated Gospels and simple tracts, and I to be applied for medical purposes only.

am confident much of the literature is It is certainly not to the credit of Great understood. The tracts, books, alman- BritaIn that it has been left ttl China to acs given or sold to Chinese, Tibetan, bear the cost of buying up the stocks of or Kairurig-speaking peoples amounts to Indian opium. The Chinese Govern- 1,600 portions. This will mean that the ment is going steadily ahead with its greater part of the Washi population, policy of opium suppression, and is de- and the Chinese of the border towns and vising means whereby the whole traffic markets have heard the Gospel." shall cease at the end of this year. The The Churc:h in China provincial governments are also doing their part. Much credit for the sup- THE Spring Synod of the Episcopal pression of opium-planting in Fukien is Church in China, which was held at due to a Christian, the head of the Anti- Shanghai, was attended by the Anglican Opium Bureau. "Drastic measures were and American Bishops, the native and employed by the government. One man foreign clergy, and a select body of lay- was shot for planting opium poppies. No men, representative of nearly all the opium will be harvested in Fukien this more important mission-stations. This ~ear. Stringent measures were also Synod decided some important questions. taken against the smoking of Indian It created a Home Missionary Society, opium, which was smuggled into the and selected the Rev. S. C. Hwang, a country from Amoy. A moderate smo-

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ker, with present high prices, must spend year; 759 adult natives were baptized about six shillings a day for the pure against 1,217 the past -year. This dedrug. Consequently, many are perforce crease can be explained both by the war turned into abstainers. On the slightest conditions and the smaller number of suspicion of a litigant being addicted to workers. Hong Kong and Khitschung the vice his opponent charges him with are unoccupied. Longheu was also for it, and, if true, the opponent scores." some time without a European mission- ary. There are 122 schools, with 4,928 Influence of Japan in Manchuria pupils, against 112 schools, with 5,151 pupils, last year. This does not mean HOW will the recent action of Japan a very considerable decrease, and can in the Far East, and especially in be explained by the war. Manchuria, affect missions? Hitherto the presence of Japan, and her great in- JAPAN-KOREA fluence in Southern Manchuria have not been detrimental to Christian mis- Dr. Speer'. Comments on Japan sions. During the Russo-Japanese war the Scotch Presbyterian missionaries, ROBERT E. SPEER compares his especially the medical missionaries, re- present visit to Japan with one made ceived many expressions of esteem from eighteen years ago, and sums up his im- pressions as follows: military and civil officials, and the y. "Externally there are fewer changes M. C. A. of Japan, which was run by in Japan than I had anticipated. I see Christian missionaries, was very highly no such outward changes as one sees all appreciated by the Japanese Govern- over our country, but inwardly there has ment. There has been a Japanese Chris- been great change, and in nothing more tian church in Mukden for a number of than -in the place and influence of Chrisyears, and some of the highest Japanese tianity. Eighteen years ago, when I officials in Manchuria are well disposed was here, audiences were small, and the toward Christianity, if not themselves government schools were closed to professedly Christiah. There is, there- Christianity, the churches were shabby, fore, judging from their bearing in the and torms of worship ragged, and the past, no reasonable· ground for appre- temper of the nation was distinctly antihension that their attitude toward Chris- Christian. Now great congregations tian missions will be other than friendly. come to hear the preaching. Worship has grown far more fervent. The na- Basel Mission in China tion 9penly confesses its need of re- ligion. I wish you could have seen the THE Evangelische Missionsgesell- eager faces _of the students, or looked at schaft in Basel has received the re- that great gathering of attentive men in port from China concerning their mis- Osaka, and heard old Mr. Morimura, sion workers, congregations, schools, the millionaire business man from Tokand pupils in that field: The number of yo, speak to them of the nation's moral workers is 71, 13 less than last year (35 needs, which could only be met by faith ordained missionaries, 2 teachers, 1 in God. We have been greatly imprest medical missionary, and the general also with the strength and ability of treasurer, 29 wives, and 3 sisters). T;le the best Japanese pastors. Mr. Fujidecrease can be explained by the fact moto, who interpreted for me in Osaka, that during 1915 some missionaries had is a man after one's own heart, eager, – gone home, but no missionaries could be glowing, vigorous, and instantly responsent out during the year. The total sive ·to the deeper notes." number of native Christians January 1, 1915, was 12,506, against 12,185 the past

I Aeroplane Evangelism ]850, while that of the individual is N a strenuous mission campaign on a about six times as great. The exempt large scale at Osaka, Japan (May l- real estate, which was estimated at 15), the novel plan was used by MI'. $12,314,000,000, or $129 per capita, in Sakamoto, an aviator, of scattering 1912, includes the buildings, other struc- printed lectures from an aeroplane over tures, and public works owned by thc the city, writes Dr. Nitobe, one-time ex- Federal, State and local governments, change lecturer sent to American uni- with the land on which they stand, to- versities. Colonel Gumpei Yamamuro of gether with such real property of educa- the Salvation Army in Tokyo, and other tional, charitable and religious institu- prominent Christian workers assisted at tions as is exempt from taxation. The the special meetings. American Christians only give about $16,000,000 a year to foreign missions, or "TKorean Villagers Banish the Saloon ·50 cents per capita for church members. HE other day," writes Rev. John Z. Are We Reaching Our Share?

Moore, a Methodist missionary, "I E have in North America 24,000,- W visited a busy little Korean village, not 000 Protestant Church members, far from Pyeng Yang. Eight years ago' it had twenty-five houses and eight and about 14,000,000 or 15,000,000 saloons. Now it has sixty houses a:1d Roman Catholic members. Added tonot one saloon. Only three or four gether, these make almost one-third of drinking men are to be found in the the population of these two countries; in whole place. Many entire families have other words, if we divide our field ro been converted, and there is said to be be reached in North America by the at least one Christian in ('very home. A number of us that ought to be active as thriving school work is another hopeful Christian workers, each one of us has sign. Much credit for all this adyance to reach two persons in order to make is due to the wide-awake native pastor," North America wholly Christian. Against that, every missIOnary has NORTH AMERICA 70,000 people to reach, or a field exactly Wealth of the United States 35,000 times the average size of the field of each one of us here at home. Yet T HE national wealth of the United some of you, in your thought about your States is officially estimated at tremendous importance, are wondering $187,739,000,000. or $1,965 for each man, whether this country or Canada can get woman and child in the country. Such along if you happen to decide to g-o are the figures contained in the special bulletin, "Estimated Valuation of Na· away !-J. Campbell White. tional Wealth, 1850-1912," issued by Receipts for Miuions-a Correction B Director S. L. Rogers, of the Bureau of y mistake the amount of the income of the Board of Foreign Missions the Census, Department of Commerce.

In less than two-thirds of a <;entury- of the Methodist Episcopal Church was from 1850 to 1912-the total wealth of given as including the Woman's So- the nation, excluding exempt real estate, ciety. This was an error. The General increased from $7,136,000,000, or $308 Board received $1,588,755.29 and the per capita, to $175,426,000,000, or $1,836 women gav,e $1,096,228.27, a truly grand per capita, the percentages of increase total of $2,684,983.56.

being 2,358 for the total and 496 for the There were also some errors in the per capita amounts. In other words, the figures for increase and decrease of gifts.

wealth of the nation as a whole is nearly The Baptist Foreign Missionary Society twenty-five times as great as it was in increase amounted to $253,475 (includ,

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ing gifts to deficit), and the Baptist of their inability to give money have Home Missionary Society increase w:ts been enlisted to give a day of prayer. $91,877. The Southern Methodist necrease for Foreign Missions was $60,530. A Million Dollar Goal Reinforcements for the Front THE United Presbyterian Church, HE annual candidates' conference c)f 'u. S. A., which is already one of T the American Board brought together forty-three of the sixty-six young the largest per capita givers to mispeople whom that Board is sending out sions, raised the standard in its General this year. Eleven had already sailed. Assembly (Loveland, <;:olorado, May The company included several represen- 26-June I), of one million dollars for tatives of well known missionary fami- its Mission Boards this year. The imlies, Riggs of Turkey, Fairbank of India, mediate plan calls for an expenditure of and Cary of Japan. The 'wide range of $750,000 or $5,00 per capita. Of this service under the American Board ap- amount foreign missions received 40 per pears in the fact that among the new cent. for the work in India, Egypt, and missionaries one goes abroad as a far- the Sudan, and Home Missions 30 per mer, one as a printer, several as nurses, cent. for its 230 missions in America.- doctors and teachers. All sections of R. A. Hutchison. the country had their representatives, from California to Massachusetts, from Congress on Christan Work in Latin the Carolinas to Maine. The Presby- America terian Board reports seventy-six new and returning missionaries going out HIS is the new title adopted for the this year. T coming Panama Conference on Mis- sions in Latin America. The "One Day's Income" Plan The word "Congress" expresses to the HE plan of appealing for a special Latin mind the idea of a deliberate as- T gift of one day's income adopted lJY sembly much better than "Conference" the Episcopal Board to raise an emer- ("Conferencia," usually signifying a gency fund of $500,000 has met with ,a '·lecture"). "Christian Work" will better gratifying response. One of the Board designate the scope of the Panama meet- Secretaries writes: "We have never ing, inasmuch as the problems of inhad anything which so appealed to the dependent churches and institutions in imagination and stimulated the con- these fields are to be discust as well sciences of our individual givers. There as those directly under missionary ausis not the slightest doubt that as a defi- pices. It will please Latin American nite, appropriate and Christian plan, friends better because it does not seem giving the one day's income or wage has to class them am01~g heathen tribes, and made a deep impression on those who will cause the Panama gathering to be have really stopt to consider it." much more sympathetically considered all over Latin-America. At the date of our going to press, the fund amounts to $257,000. The Anniversary of Lull's Martyrdom Many reasons might be given for the SIX hundred years after the martYi– success of this movement, but first among dom of Raymond Lull brought to an them would surely be the practical, defi- end his apparently useless efforts to connite and personal nature of the appeal. vert Mohammedans to Christianity, a Much has been made of the power of number of commemoration meetings prayer, and persons writing regretfully were held in Great Britain and America. At these, special prayer was offered for the conversion of these two hundred millions of the antagonists of Chris-

tianity. In Philadelphia, and New Religious Forces at San Francisco T York, and in Twilight Park, in the Cat- HE American fondness for conven- tions is in full swing at the Panama skills, such meetings were held on June 30th. At the last-mentioned place a Pacific Exposition, under the auspices of notable company gathered at the invita- which 825 such gatherings are being tion of Mr. and Mrs. E. E. Olcott, and a held in the course of the year. The powerful address on Raymund Lull was great $2,000,000 auditorium, built for· the delivered by Dr. James M. Cantine, one purpose, can accommodate twenty-one of the founders of the Arabian Mission. conventions at the same time, and the Another address, given at the same time largest of its halls has a seating capacity -and place, by Mrs. E. E. Calverly on' of 10,000. A large proportion of these Women of Arabia, will later be pub- conventions are religious in character, lished in the REVIEW. and many of them revolve about the Moral Conditions at the Exposition idea of peace on earth. The diversity and yet the united in- MORE than two years ago the Fed- terests of the religious organizations of eral Council of the Churches of the country are being demonstrated in Christ in America petitioned the Ex- another form in the great religious ex- position authorities and the Mayor of hibits, displayed in the Palace of Edu- San Francisco relative to moral con- cation and Social Progress under the ditions at the Exposition. direction of the Federal Council of A voluntary committee, representing Churches.

several social and reform agencies, in- Not only has the field of the consti~ cluding the American Social Hygiene tuent bodies of the Federal Council been Association, the Young Women's Chris- fairly covered, but other agencies, either tian Association, and other similar officially or practically recognized by the bodies. has also been bringi~g constant Evangelical churches, are also included.

pressure to bear. In connection with the exhibit a So far as securing promises and moving-picture room seating 200 people, formal acknowledgment of responsibility, affords opportunity for daily.illustrated the moral forces of the nation were vic- lectures upon the Home and Foreign torious. The official attitude of the Mission Work, Sunday-School, Educa- Mayor of San Francisco and of the Ex- tional, Social Service, and the Temper- position authorities has been satisfac- ance Work of the federated Evangelical tory, but the actual conditions on the churches. Bulletins are displayed from grounds do not meet these expectations. day to day announcing the special fea- Liquor is sold at all but one of the dance tures and program for the day.

halls and cafes dansants on the Zone. The Big Sister Movement Many girls have been found intoxicated T in or near the grounds, since the Ex- HE Young Women's Christian Asso- ciation of Madison has been enlistposition opened, tho fewer now than at first. ing girls in the University of Wisconsin Some of the concessions are decidedly in various forms of social activity.

objectionable. Several organizations, Among these is a Big Sister movement, notably the Young Women's Christian which cooperates with the Madison pro- Association and the Travelers' Aid So- bation officer. Seventy-five girls act as ciety, are doing protective and preven- big sisters to girls between the ages ~f tive work on the grounds. The number nine and sixiteen, guiding and aiding of unemployed young women constitutes them in a variety of ways. Once a week one of the special dangers. the two sisters, big and little, meet for

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diversion-basket ball or friendly inter- 300, is well filled at every service, and cours'e. The social service committee is at least three of their number are abJe also in charge of a social room for fac- to take charge of the service and tory girls at the city Y. W. C. A., and preach. What a testimony to the trans- has complete charge of two campfire forming power of the Gospel !-The groups-one for factory and the other Living Church.

for high school girls.

THE Catholics in America LATIN AMERICA official Roman Catholic Directory An Overlookecl Mission Field of the United States for 1915, just published, contains the statistics of the T HE neighboring republic oJ Hon- duras presents a mission field of Church for 1914. In the United States great need and opportunity, which has proper there are reported 16,309,3TO Ro- hitherto been almost overlo()ked. The man Catholics, a gain of 3,846,517 in the Church of Rome has been at work there last ten years, aI).d a gain of 7,231,445 for nearly five hundred years, but the during the past twenty years. According ritualism and idolatry .of the pagan to the editor, at least TO per cent. should aborigines have simply been supplanted be added for "floating" Catholic popUla- by so-called Christianized forms, little tion, of which no record can be kept. improved and equally abortive.

There are 18,994 Catholic clergymen in Politically, the country seems to have the United States', with 14,g61 Catholic reached a coveted tranquility, and is, churches, showing 310 new Catholic with a wise and conscientious and pop- churches established during the past ular president, upoo the upgrade.

year. It is to be borne in mind that the The first evangelical mission is just whole Roman Catholic population, not being established in Tegucigalpa, the merely adult membership of the Church, capital city, by the Friends Church of IS included in these figures. California. One year ago the Central American Mission made a good begin- From Heacl-Hunters to Christians ning in Comayaguela. It seems that hut four of the sixteen great departments of SOME forty years ago, when a British the republic, with a population approxi- admiral cruising in northern waters mating 500,000, have evangelical mission stations thus far. anchored off the Indian town of Masset on Graham Island, British Columbia, a The Gospel in South Brazil chief drove his war canoe alongside the man-oi-war. A covering which con- T cealed some object in one end of the HE Rev. C. A. Carrie! of Curityba, Brazil, writes: "I have come back canoe aroused the admiral's curiosity and he questioned the man about it. from my first itinerating trip thanking With pride the chief lifted the covering, God for the insight I have into the real revealing a heap of the gory heads of life of the Brazilian, with a new faith his enemies! in God and a new sense of the great Recently the Bishop visited the home opportunity to preach the Gospel in of this man's son, and found a Chris- South Brazil. The people are more tian family, who entertained him in open to the message of the Master than their home with every evidence of T had supposed, in fact they seem to ~e comfort and refinement. The change waiting for what Protestantism lias to had been wrought by a mission of the 'lffer them."

Church of England. Every' native in Mr. Carriel's work was not only to the place is an enthusiastic Christian. preach the Gospel to those who had not Their place of worship, which holds heard it, but to strengthen the little

.bands of Christians already formed. Of faction, he was suspected as a partisan San Francisco of the South he writes: and put in jail, where he barely escaped "Imagine a church whose members are execution. During his absence from of the first generation of Protestants, Paraiso, his house was looted and the who are surrounded by the most de- school building was set on fire.

grading influences, and who have some- Mr. Coffin is now at San Juan Ball- times passed a whole year without a tista, where he has rented property for single visit from a minister. But this his school, and is bringing his orphans IS what we found here." to this new location to get started on a South American Students more permanent basis. 1t is a large undertaking, but he expects to carry the T HE students of South America 0nterprise to success. The present State present a striking field for mISSIOn- Government is very kindly disposed toary effort. From Mexico to the Straits. ward the school.

it is estimated that there are not far AFRICA from 40,000 university students, besides thousands in preparatory schools. These Drawback& of Islam universities recruit their students from the ruling classes of their respective "I NFANT mortality," according to countries, and, when they have finished their courses, these students go out w Bishop Hartzell, "is enormous in take places of power and responsibility. Mohammedan lands. In Algeria it is said to be 60 per cent., in Egypt and Like students of other lands, these Morocco over 75 per cent. Illiteracy Latin-American students have great also is a shocking drawback. Almost temptations, and being without strong, 95 per cent. of the Mohammedans in spiritual undergirdings, it is not sur- Asia and Africa are unable to read and prizing to learn that many of them fall. write. Superstition, belief in witches, [n the university life of our southern the evil eye, the use of amulets, prevail neighbors there seem to be few of the everywhere among these peoples." strong constructive religious and moral The Liquor Traffic and the War A influences that mold the students of the BENEFICENT issue of the war might reasonably have been ex- United States and Canada. The univer- sities are giving the most destructive pected as regards West Africa, namely, interpretations of philosophy, the most that the disastrous liquor traffic should materialistic conceptions of life, and are have been brou~ht to a standstill. For doing nothing to counteract the tempta- Germany has been incontestably the tions that are destructive to character. chief manufacturer as well as exporter War Orphans in Mexico of spirits to Nigeria. In a paper re- cently read before the Royal Colonial A SCHOOL for Mexican boys carried Institute by Mr. R. E. Dennett of the on for some years in Paraiso by the Forests Department in that Protectorate, Rev. Jose Coffin, a Mexican Presbyterian the following striking figures were minister and his wife, has been destroyed given: "Gin and Geneva, Great Britain, by the ravages of the revolution in £9,570-Germany, £92,034; Rum, Great Mexico. It will be opened up anew in Britain, £928–Germany, £16,640." Yet San Juan Bautista, for children made· so far from the traffic having been stopt orphans by the war. through the arrest of Germany's oversea Mr. Coffin engaged in Red Cross work commerce, Bishop Tugwell has stated upon every opportunity, but on one occa- that the only difference during the first sion when he buried nine soldiers in one five months of the war had been that

9 1 5] WORLD-WIDE MlSSION, ARY

instead of being shipped at Hamburg in making enquiries regarding a suitable German vessels, the liquor had been sent site for the new depot. For this build- from Rotterdam in English ships. Some- ing a generous friend of the Society in thing even worse would seem to be in London has given a special donation of contemplation. The figures quoted £500.-The Bible in the World.

above appear to have been regarded as an argument why England ~hould cap·· ISLANDS OF THE SEA ture this dishonorable trade and begin to make the export liquor, assuming I South Sea Dancing thereby the fullest measure of respon- N the South Seas the missionaries have sibility for the harmful traffic. a constant struggle to prevent a re- crudescence of tribal dancing with its African Inland Mission ' immoral features. Here, too, they meet T HE Africa Inland Mission (Philadel- the French official. Mr. Hadfield of the phia), of which Charles E. Hurlburt Loyalty Islands describes the immense is general director, has five missionaries appreciation this individual has shown in German East Africa who can not l)e for a revival of heathen dancing at Mu, reached. Efforts to transmit funds The visitors included M. Cane, chief of through the United States government the bureau of native affairs, the presi- have not succeeded. dent of the New Caledonian parliament, This mission has 110 missionaries, and and the mayor of Noumea. M. Cane, in 25 candidates are being considered by a speech which was translated verbatim the American Council. Recently 14 fur- for the large concourse of natives', eulo- loughed workers and nine new workers gized Bula, the great chief who had or- returned to the field and four new sta- ganized the fete, and exprest his earn- tions were occupied in British East est desire that old customs and pastimes Africa. A hospital has bee'n equipped should be revived. He assured his hear- at Kijabe through the gift of a friend. ers of his readiness to protect them Thus a great need has been met. The against interference from any source mission is conducted on similar lines as whatever. The names of all Bula's sub- those that characterize the China Inland jects who refused to dance were entered mission. in his black list for future punishment, The Bible in Abyssinia Two pastors· absenting themselves were AGAIN and again, in God's good complained of to the government. providence, we find that when one MISCELLANEOUS door shuts, another opens. With the ap- proval and aid of the Archbishop of "The Poor Heathen"

Abyssinia the Bible Society is establish- "pEOPLE talk complacently about ing for the first time a depot at Adis the 'poor heathen.' Why 'poor'?

Ababa, Mr. Henry Athanassian, who is Because the heathen have not received an Armenian by birth, set out from Port their share of the inheritance which the Said early in the present year to travel Father left us to give them. What to the Abyssinian capital, where he will shall we do about it? There is only one act as otlr sub-agent. He has reached thing to do. Have you an inheritance?

this destination in safety, with about Is it worth anything to you? Would 1;400 copies of the Scriptures-in Am- you part with it and go back to th~ state haric, Ethiopic, Coptic, Arabic, and of poverty your heathen brother lives other suitable versions. These books in? If then it means anything to yOtl, Mr. Athanassian will endeavor to dis- why should you not find a joy in bring- pose of in Adis Ababa, while he is ing your brother and his waiting in-

heritance together? Yes, there is only ducted missions,' preached the Gospel, one thing to do, and that is to take that and conducted missionary conferences. inheritance to him and make him un- Rev. F. B. Meyer says of him, "He was speakably rich. You do that when you richly gifted, and might have stood for pray for missions, give for missions, and the portraiture of the man with five especially when you offer yourself for talents." missions. While Christian nations just now are dealing death to the missions, Th. Waldmeier of Syria how necessary for the Church to bring life !"-TheLutheran. THE fate of the insane in non-Chris- OBITUARY NOTES tian countries is unspeakably sad, and the ministrations of Christian mis- Dr. J. H. Wyckoff of India sionaries to them recall the deliverance of the Gadarene demoniac. The men- T HE Rev. Dr. John Henry Wyckoff, tally afflicted in Bible lands have lost a President of the Theological Semi- devoted friend in the recent death of nary of Vellore, India, and a missionary Mr. Theophilus Waldmeier of Beirut. of the Dutch Reformed Church in that A Swiss by birth, the early part of his country for more than 40 years, died in life was spent. under the Basel Mission June at Kodai-Kanal, India. He was in Abyssinia. In 1870 he went to Syria, horn at Raysfield, N. J., in 1851, and was where he developed a flourishing station graduated from Rutgers College in 1871. with all the regular departments of Three years later he was graduated from work. In 1896 Mr. Waldmeier relhthe New Brunswick Theological Semi- quished this, to dedicate the remaindoer nary and went to India as a missionary 0f his life to the mentally deranged. He of the Dutch Reformed Church. erected the Lebanon Hospital for Mental Diseases, to which patients now come Dr. Wyckoff returned to this country from all the leading cities and villages in 1886 and became pastor of the Dutch of Syria, as far east as Bagdad, from Reformed Church at Claverack, N. Y., Persia, from thl: southern part of Asia where he remained until 1892, when he Minor, from the Greek Islands, Cyprus, returned to India. I~ addition to his Egypt, and from countries in North work in Vellore, he was President of Africa. the Board of Trustees of the United Theological Seminary at Bangalore. The religions represented by these patients are as varied as the races. This Dr. Guinness of London is the work which, in the name of Christ, Mr. Waldmeier built up, and by D R. H. GRATTAN GUINNESS, son which he revived in the East the merci- of the well-known founders of the fulness of Christ who "had compassion" Regions Beyond Missionary Union, died on the demon-possest. in London, May 25th, at the comparatively early age of 53. He had given Mrs. Daniel Bliss, of Beirut his life devotedly to the service of the missionary cause and the missionary ABBY MARIA WOOD BLISS, wife journeys of Dr. Guinness were a salient of Rev. Daniel Bliss, D.D., presifeature in his career. In Australia, dent emeritus of the Syrian Protestant South America, India, the Unitecl States, College, died on April 12th, at Beirut, on the Kongo, in various parts of Syria, in the eighty-fifth year of her age Europe, he had itinerated in missionary and the sixtieth of her missionary serstations, 'visited lonely outposts, con- vIce.

From Chinese Folk-Lore. By point of his profession. He

Nellie N. Russell. With Memorial does not give a comprehensive view of South American conditions, and outside Sketches of the Author from Associates of his special sphere his discussions are and Friends. Compiled by Mary H. 110t always adequate. His reference to missions are so fragmentary and super- Porter. 12mo., 170 pp. $1.00, net. ficial as to indicate a failure to compre- Fleming H. Revell Company, New York, hend the spiritual forces at work in South America. It is odd that a man 1915. . who can see a certain class of subjects with such scientific precision should re- An essential element in the mission- gard a few exceptional cases as fairly representative of the missionary enterary's equipment is the quick insight into prise in the countries that he visited. Other features of the beautiful volume . the genius of a people, the understand- make it valuable, however. There arc vivid accounts of the native races, labor, ing of racial traits and emotions. A caste, women and the family, morals, character, education, politics and governdirect way to reach this interpretation ment, class denomination and other topics relating to the social life and or· lies through the pleasant field of folk- ganization of South American countries.

lore. The stories, as told in Chinese tea- The Vital Forces of Christianity and houses or sung in the ballads of artisans, Islam. Six studies by Missionaries to Moslems, with an Introduction by the here gathered by Miss Russell, reveal Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D., and a con- cluding study by Professor D. B. Macideals of high-mindedness-of heroism, donald, D.D. 250 pp. 3s. 6d., net. Ox- ford University Press, London, 1915. self-sacrifice, and aspiration for the The outstanding impression of these Eternal Light. To reach them is to studies, which are reprinted from The International Review of Missions, is that enter into new appreciation of the Islam is indeed a world. Altho limited to the tropical, and semi-tropical belt of Chinese character. The pathetic story the earth's surface, it includeS' differ- ences of race and temperament as of Chi Hsiao Tang, who withdrew diverse as those of Christendom itself and every grade of culture and social "into the purple mountains to attain the distinction. It, therefore, calls for the most careful specialized study on the god-life," might be called the Buddhistic part of any who would serve as evan- gelists to. MoslemS'. These papers furcounterpart of The Vision of Sir Laun- nish facts and experiences upon which fal.

In the memorial sketches of Miss Russell's life, especially of the 21 years in Peking, Miss Luella Miner, the Rev.

Charles F. Goss, Mrs. Chauncey Good- rich, and others, pay tribute to the unique and lavish missionary service of an intense and gifted nature.

South of Panama. By Professor Edward Alsworth Ross, LL.D. Illustrated, 8vo. The Century Co., New York, 1915. Students of Missions are already in- debted to Dr. Ross for "The Changing Chinese," and other important volumes. The present story of his tour of South America is delightful reading, the style clear and crisp, the observations keen. Professor Ross is a trained sociologist and studies his subject from the view-

such study may be based. The Moslems truth, but a man's attitude toward the of China, Russia, the Western coast- truth will determine his own destiny.

lands of North Africa, pass unmen- No church or Christian need fear the tioned, while Arabia and even Turkey- truth, or even slander; only evil will in-Europe are only touched upon in pass- avoid the light. It would be well if ing, Yet it is 11 good starting-point for both Roman Catholics and Protestants wider study. would study this volume and weigh the There are papers by Dr. Shedd, of evidence presented. It is a clear state- Urumia, Persia, an{j Professor Craw- ment of facts as to Roman Catholic ford, of Beirut, Syria; also accounts of teachings, worship, government, and the Batak Mohammedans of the Dutch conduct. Spiritual ideals of religion East Indies by Pastor Simon, and of the are also presented on the other side to East African Mohammedans by Conan show God's way of revealing Himself Dale. Dr. Shedd and Pastor Simon and His will; the conditions of salva- both mention with emphasis the prone- tion, spiritual power and worship. The ness of the Moslem toward allegiance book is of particular value to those who to a personal guide. Canon Gairdner, work among Roman' Catholics, _and to of Egypt, and Professor Sira-ud any who may be inclined to consider its Din of India, emphasize the vital force claims to supremacy and infallibility as of the chanting of the Koran in the in any degree justified. The appendices devotional life of the Moslem. contain copies of valuable documents.

The concluding paragraphs of Pro-· The Lure of Islam. A Novcl. By C. M. fessor Macdonald's paper are of peculiar Prowse. Illustrated. 12mo. 255 pp. 6s. interest as coming from "an outsider," Sampson Low, Marston & Co., London, as the writer describes himself. He 1914. makes a series of practical propositions The American or European woman which seem to him essential in missions to Mo~lems. We commend these studies who becomes a Moslem, or the wife of a to all missionaries to Mohammedans. Moslem, is destined either to an untimely death or to the moral degradation of an oriental dance-hall. In spite of this, Roman Catholicism Analyzed. By J. A. many unwary maidens-for some inex- plicable reason-yield to the "Lure of Phillips. 8vo. 310 pp. $1.50, net. Islam." . Fleming H. Revell Co., 1915. The scene of this story is laid in South This book by a Methodist missionary Africa, where many white girls have in Mexico is a study of the aims, teach- married by Mohammedan rites and have ings and results of Roman Catholicism become Moslems. Some white children in that southern RepUblic, which was have been given to Malays to adopt. dominated by that church for nearly four The story is not a pleasing one, for it hundred years. is a story of downfall, but it contains it warning, and may accomplis'h a mis- There is much truth in the Roman sion among women who are in danger Catholic doctrines, and this truth is of thinking too lightly of the Moslem uppermost in lands where Protestant marriage and too highly .of Islam as a Christianity prevails. There is also religion. much error in Roman beliefs and practises, and this is most clearly seen in Roman Catholic lands_ The good that is in the Church and the good men and The Making of Christianity. By John C. Clarke, D.D. 12mo. 423 pp. $1.50, women who belong to it should not blind' net. Associated Authors. Thomas Y.

our eyes to the false and the evil that Crowell Company, New York, 1914.

dominate. This is a volume on the prophecies of A man can do nothing against the the Old and New Testaments by a

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION

former professor of the Chicago Bap- was missionary wherever there was tist Union Theological Seminary. Dr. real spiritual life. The church of the Clarke interprets these prophecies, not middle ages was dead, and lacked the as historical discourses or predictions, zeal for spiritual missionary service. but as symbolical writings with a spiri- To-d~y, churches and Christians may be tual meaning. Many readers will be divided into two classes, the true and interested in his interpretations of much the nominal, the strong and the weak, discust FJassages in the books of Reve- the self-centered arid the sacrificial, the lation, Ezekiel an,d Daniel, but the living and dead, the missionary and the practical elimination of the historical non-missionary.

and predictive elements is without suffi- In this excellent little volume the cient basis. The apocalypse of St. John closing chapters have particular refer- is taken as the key to earlier prophecies ence to the missions and churches .of and as interpreting the meaning of the Church of the Brethren.

Christianity itself. Dr. Clarke does not Early Heroes of the Mission Field. By believe that the book of Daniel is his- Rt. Rev. W. Pakenham Walsh, D.O. Il- torical, but wholly symbolical like Reve- lustrated. 12mo. 249 pp. 50 cents. lation. The studies are full of spiritual Fleming H. ReveIl Co., 1915. Modern Heroes of the Mission Field. truth but are not an authoritative inter- By Rt. Rev. W. Pakenham Walsh, D.O.

pretation of the Scriptures. Illustrated. 12mo. 343 pp. 50 cents.

Memories and Musings. By Canon John Fleming H. Revell Co. Widdicombe. Illustrated. 8vo. 492 pp. These biographical sketches of famous $4.00. George Allen & Unwin, London; missionaries have already won their way E. P. Dutton, New York, 1915. and are now p1!lblished at the popular A canon of the Church of England price. The first series tell the life-stories and a former director of St. Savior's of missionaries from Apostolic days to Mission (S.P.G.) in Basutoland, has the year 1800-Ulphilas, apostle to the wI1itten this popular story of life in Goths; SL Patrick; . St. Augustine; South Central Africa. His narrative is Boniface in Germany; Anschar, apostle particularly valuable for the view it of the North, Raymund Lull, Francis gives of South Africa fifty years' ago, Xavier, John Eliot, Hans Egede and the South African war, and the transfor- Frederic Schwartz. mation into a United South Africa. The The second series includes' Judson, closing chapter is a plea for Christian Martyn, Carey, Morrison, John Wilreunion, from an Anglican viewpoint. liams, John Hunt, Allen Gardiner, Alex- Many interesting personal explilriences ander Duff, David Livingstone, and are recorded in these memories and others. Both series are well written, and musings of sixty years' experience. give in brief space the inspiring accounts There are views of men influential in • of noble missionary heroes and martyrs political and religious life, and some of the Christian Church. They will be thoughtful discussions of missionary valuable for young people's libraries and and social problems. give excellent material for missionary Missions and the Church. By Wilbur B. sermons. Stover. Illustrated. 12mo. 204 pp. $1.00, net. Brethren Publishing Company, El- Prince and Uncle Billy. By Charles Lin- gin, Ill, 1914. coln White. Illustrated. 12mo. 145 pp. The central theme of this little study 75 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell, 1914.

book is the thought that Christian mis- An appealing Home Mission story for sions are the real evidence of a living children, in which a dog and a horse are church. This is proved from history two of the principal characters. The and from the Bible. The early Church animals report on mi~ion lands and the

work they have seen there. The idea of The Meaning' of Prayer. By Harri .Emerson Fosdick. With introduction by the story is good, but there is a lack of John K Matt. lOmo, pp. X'1-lY6. .'lU cents.

continuity, and from a literary stand- Association Press, New York, 1915.

point the style and interest do not Efficiency Points. Studies in Missionary measure up to that of other good books .Fundamentals. By W. E. Doughty. 16mo., 25 cents, pp. 106. Missionary for children. :Education Movement, New York, 1915. The Will of God and a Man's Lifework.

The Italians. Immigrants in the Making. By Henry B. Wright. 8vo., pp. xii-280, By Sarah G. Pomeroy. Illustrated. 12mo. 60 cents. Association Press, New York, 61 pp. 25 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell, 1915. 1914. Rising Churches in Nein-Christian The Bohemians. Immigrants in the Mak- Lands. Lectures Delivered on The Col- ing. By Edith Fowler Chase. Illustrated. 12mo. 63 pp. 25 cents, net. Fleming H. lege of Missions Lectureship, Indian- kevell, 1914. apolis; The Severance ~ectureship, Wes- tern Theological Semmary, Pittsburgh. By Arthur Judson Brown. Illustrated, These home mission study books give 12mo., pp. 236, 60 cents. Missionary a compact story of these people in their home land, their characteristics and Education Movement, New York, 1915.

The Churches at Work. By Charles L. White. Illustrated, 12mo., lip. 226, 60 religion. We see here, through sym- cents. Missionary Education Movement, pathetic eyes', the material from which New York, 1915. many American citizenos are to be made The Study of a Rural Parish. A Method of Survey. By Ralph A. Felton. Bvo, and the need for Christian work among 50 cents. Missionary Education Movethem. It is worth 'while for American ment, New York, 1915. The English Hymn: Its Development Christians to become acquainted with and Use in Worship. By Louis F. Ben- son, D.D. Bvo., 624 pp., $3.50 net. them through these books as well as in George H_ Doran Co., New York, 1915.

the unsympathetic sphere of manu- Comrades in Service. By Margaret E.

factures and trade. Burton. Cloth, 60 cents, paper, 40 cents. Missionary Education Movement, New York, 1915. NEW BOOKS Masoud the Bedouin. By Alfreda Post The Jubilee Story of the China Inland Carhart. A Series of Sixteen Stories Mission. By Marshall Broomhall, M.A. based upon fact and laid in Syria. $1.00.

lllustratecj, 8vo., pp. xvi-386. Supenol:' Missionary Education Movement. New edition 3s. 6d. and $1.25, net. Cheaper. York, 1915.

edition, 2s. and 75 cents, net. China In- Working Women in Japan. By Sidney land Mission, London and Philadelphia, L. Gulick. 50 cents. Missionary Educa- 1915. . tion Movement, New York, 1915. The Spell of Japan. By Isabel Ander- Jaya: Which Means Victory. By Beason. Illustrated, 8vo., pp. 396, $2.50, net. trice M. Harband. 6s., net. Marshall The Page Co., Boston, 1915. Bros., London, 1915.

The Japanese Problem in the United Missionary Directory (New Edition).

States. An Investigation for the Com- Scottish Mission Industries Co., Ltd., mission on Relations with Japan, ap- Ajmere.

pointed by the Federal Council of the All Along The Trail. By Sarah Gertrude Churches of Christ in America. By H. Pomeroy. Illustrated, pp. 96, 45 cent~. A. Millis. 12mo., xxi-334 pp. The Mac- Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 19b.

millan Co., New York, 1915. A History of Persia. By Lieut.-Colonel The Life That Pleases God. A Practical P. M. Sykes. Maps and Illustrations. 2 Treatise on the Preservation of the vols. 50s., net. ,Macmillan Company, Spirit, and Soul, and Body. By A. T. London, 1915.

Schofield, M.D., M.R.eS. 12mo., pp. Patriots of the Kingdom. By Basil Mat- 134, Is., net. Pickering & Inglis, Glas- thews. 2d. United Council for Mission- gow, Scotland, 191;'i. . ary Education, London, 1914. The Bible and Life. By Edwm Holt Hughes. 12mo., pp. 239, $1.00, .net. PAMPHLETS Methodist Book Concern, New York, Photography in Five Lessons. 28 pp. Free. Burroughs-Welcome & Co., New 1915. York, 1915. The Sunday-School Teacher and the Who Are The Fools? By Sir Robert Program of J esus.By George H. Anderson. 16 pp., Id. Pickering & In- Trull and Jay S. Stowell. 12mo., pp. 160, glis, Glasgow, Scotland, 1915. SO cents, net. Westminster Press, Phila- delphia, 1915.

The Missionary Review of the World — July 1915

OF THE CHINA INLAND MISSION COUNCIL, SHANGHAI, IN

MISSIONA:QY rI~ES I. Japan, tho much in advance of other Asiatic countries in education of women, still provides schooling for only one-third as many girls as boys. Christian mission schools supply some of this lack, but the great need in Japan is for a Christian university for women. (See page 50S.) 2. The nature of Mohammedanism and the Moslem idea of a "Holy War" is shown in the recent murder of 750 Christian men in one Persian com- munity by the Turks and Kurds. In another village, under the same "Holy Var," every Christian woman and girl from seven to seventy was deliberately and brutally attacked. (See page 522.) 3. One thousand miles by dog-sled in the bitter cold of the arctic winter twilight, and for twenty-nine days fighting a blizzard, is the experience of an American missionary in Alaska, visiting his Eskimo parishioners. (See page 527.) 4. Christian Indians by their votes helped to make Oregon a prohibition State. The good Indians are live Indians-spiritually and physically. (See page 530.) 5. A missionary's support costs about $1,000, but $500 additional, invested in a motor-car, will double the efficiency of an evangelistic missionary in Korea or Japan. (See page 525.) 6. The China Inland Mission, which was founded only fifty years ago, and never makes direct appeals for men or money, now has over 1,000 mis- sionaries and 1,700 paid Chinese workers. in 227 stations in China. Over 50,000 Chinese have been baptized in this mission since it was started in 1865. (See page 494.) 7. The Home Missions Council of North American churches is working out a plan of cooperation for Christian work among immigrants. This includes the specialization of each denomination in work for certain nationalities, and union training-schools for workers. (See page 519.) 8. Since the Papuan language contained no word to designate a spiritual God, the missionaries had to coin one. (See page 541.) 9. Do you lrnow that there are thousands of head-hunting citizens of the United States? These are the Igorrotes, in the Philippine Islands. Now they are for the first time reading St. Luke's Gospel i_n their native tongue. (See page 54I.) 10. Less than 100 years ago the Hawaiians were all savages. Last year the American Board received from the native churches there nearly $8,000 for its missionary work. (See page 544.) I I. A devoted native pastor in India has won several Brahmins to Christ by his consecrated letter-writing and his prayers. (See page 549.) 12. The enthusiasm of the Russian people for the Bible is one of the striking features of war times in that great land dominated by the Greek Church. (See page 546.) J. J. Coulthard James Stark J. N. Hayward D. E. Hoste Dr. Howard Taylor A. R. Saunders *Deceased. J. F. Broumton* J. W. Stevenson J. Hudson Taylor" 1. J. Meadows J. S. Helmer G. T. Fiske MI51 EVIE . OF THE WORLD Vol. XXXVIII, No.7 JULY, 1915 Vol. XXVIII, No. Old Series New Series SIGNS TWO WORLD·CONFLICTS standers," who seek to remain neu- tral, have not escaped unscathed. NEVER in the history of the China is suffering in Shantung and in the insistent demands of Japan. world have men realized more Islands of the sea have been capthoroughly the truthfulness of the say- tured; Turkish Arabia and Persian ing that we know not what a day may frontiers have been scenes of battles bring forth. One after another the and massacres, and Africa is a batnations of the world are being drawn tlefield wherever German and British into the deadly conflict, as helpless forces are within reach of one anrafts drift into the vortex of a mael- other. strom. With each side accusing the other of responsibility and aggres- The United States of America, sion, Germany and Austria fight whose Christian President has earnagainst Great Britain, France, Ser- estly sought to maintain neutrality bia, and Russia with schrapnel and and friendly relationships with the bomb, gas and machine-gun, aero- belligerent nations, has suffered to plane and airship, battleship and sub- such an extent that the possibility of marine. One by one, other nations preserving peace becomes more and have become involved-Canada and more uncertain. With commercial Australia, Japan and India, Turkey houses supplying arms to belligerents, and Persia, and now Italy has en- the feeling of animosity grows more tered on the side of the Allies. Any tense; the sinking of American day may see the war-cloud spread steamers by German submarines, the to include Greece, Bulgaria, and Ru- loss of defenseless women and chilmania, Holland, Norway, Sweden, dren by the sudden sinking of the and Denmark. The "innocent by- The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors o·{ signed articles in these pages,~EDITORS.

transatlantic pass.enger ship, the Lu- necessary, but never for selfish pursitania, and the stirring up of war- poses or .for the upholding of perlike sentiments by hot-headed news- sona! dignity. "Power belongeth unto papers and public men-these and God," and only God who gave life many other incidents that crowd on has the right to say under what cirone another day after day seem to be cumstances life shall be taken away. forcing the inhabitants of the earth onward to a world-wide catastrophe There is a war which is righteous, of which only God can foresee the and it is one which can enlist all a outcome. man's courage, all his resonrces, all his self-sacrifice-it IS the war In such an hour of hatred, fear, against evil, the campaign for the and uncontrolled human passion and conquest of the world by Christ; the rebellion against God, it is well overcoming of falsehood by truth, of for Christians to follow the direction hatred by love, of selfishness by seJfof the Almighty Creator and Ruler sacrifice. vVas there ever a time since of the Universe Himself: "Be still the crucifixion of Christ when the and know that I am God." Nothing fruits of unbelief and rebeIlion else can bring peace and assurance to against God were more manifest and the troubled soul. In the midst of when men should be so ready to turn war and rumors of wars, famines, to Him in whom alone there is forpestilence, and earthquakes, when we giveness of sins a11(1 who alone has are hedged around by walls of steel, revealed the way of Life? we can still look up and know that in the end, God will prevail. His love "Be still, al1d know that I am God." and truth must conquer, and none "N pitlzer is there salz'afion in any can inj ure the life that is hid with Christ in God. other"–thall ill J!'SIIS Christ. "Foll07(l tholt Me." War, which seeks to settle disputes by force of arms, is an atrocity. It INTERNATIONAL MESSENGERS OF may be necessary at times, but it is PEACE due to the barbarism that still lingers and at times runs riot in the human MISSIONARIES and merchants, race. Most heart-sickening docu- foreigners and citizens. in Japan ments are the reports of Viscount Bryce on the inhumanities practised and America, who are interested in in Belgium, and the lurid pictures furthering peace between the two of bestial cruelty pictured by. Rev. nations, recognize the value of such Robert M. Labaree, showing the embassies as that of Dr. Shailer course of the Jihad in Persia. And l[athews and Dr. Sidney Gulick to the half has not been told; only one Japan this year. They went out side has been heard from, and while as representatives of the American the other may not be so black, and Christians sent nnder the auspices of the final verdict may temper hasty the Federal Conncil of Churches of conclusions, stilI the final verdict Christ in America. must be: "War is an atrocity." Dr. Mathews made about one hun- A use of force may at times be dred addresses in a dozen of Japan's leading cities and was accompanied l1suaIly by Dr. Gulick, who, as a former missionary, was at home be-

OF THE

fore a Japanese audience. Inter- actuated, not by unfriendliness to views were accorded them with gov- Japan, but by consideration for the ernment officials from Premier interests of a large but compara- Okuma down to local mayors and tively defenseless nation. councilmen, with editors, lawyers, bankers, preachers and plain citizens. The Japanese demands, as finally The Missionary Conference of Cen- agreed to by China, seem to include: tral Japan voiced the universal senti- ( I) Japan's succession to Germany's ment in its formal vote requesting privileges in Shantung; (2) a similar Drs. lJathews and Gulick "to use succession to fOrIner Russian rights their influence with the Federal in Southern Manchuria; (3) a pref- Council of Churches of Christ in erence given to Japan in railway con- America to send, whenever feasible, a struction and control in Manchuria, second commission to continue the and in the selection of foreign adtimely work so well begun by this visors; (4) joint industrial enterits first commission." prises and special privileges in Mon- golia; (5 ) Japanese control of the The Commercial Commission from Han-yen-ping coal and iron mining China now visiting the United States corporation; (6) agreement not to with a view to fostering closer commercial relationships between the alienate any more coastwise territory two great repuhlics, is also cement- in Fukien in China to foreign powing friendship. The Chinese secre- ers, and to refuse them right to build tary declared that they favor not shipyards and coaling-stations, or only an "open-door" policy, bnt an military establishments in Fukien "open-heart" policy as weU. Snch a province; (7) the right to conduct policy, if honestly followed, would be J apanese- Buddhist missions in China in harmony with the Spirit of Christ, is left open for further discussion. and would develop friendship between the nations. Var between the two countries is for the present averted, amI we trust AGREEMENT BETWEEN CHINA will be entirely prevented. If the treaty is just, and not humiliating to AND JAPAN China, friendship between these two countries will increase; otherwise, I T is encouraging that at least a friction must inevitably threaten the permanent peace of Asia. Japan may temporary agreement has been be seeking to develop a "Monroe made between the great Republic of Doctrine" for Asia, and desiring China and the small uut aggressive nothing more than to keep China and powerfnl Empire of Japan. The fr0111 yielding preferential privileges real character of the deillands of the 'to American and European nations, latter are represented differently by and an opportunity to develop her the representatives of the two na- own industries without danger of tions, but the demands upon China future loss. China, with over 400,- were apparently so unfavorable to 000,000 population, is potentially the the future of the Republic that the greatest nation in the world. There missionaries sent a strong protest to is need to make her a Christian, the American Government. This protest is not made public, but it was

friendly, peace-loving, harmonious "The history of Protestant missions in nation, without any old scores to set- Japan for the last fifty years, has been tle when her strength is developed singularly free from sanguinary conflict and trained. "Righteousness exalt- and cruel persecution, which have chareth a nation, bnt sin is a reproach to acterized the spread of Christianity in any people." most other countries. This was due to the fact that Western missionaries THE JAPAN CAMPAIGN TO DATE brought arts of peace to this country, as did Buddhist priests from China and THE first year of the three-year India, twelve centuries ago, and appealed to the intellectual and governing classes national evangelistic campaign in first. Christian influence on the Japan- Japan has passed with marked suc- ese, therefore, could not be adequately cess, under the direction of a joint gaged by the numbers of converts made, committee of missionaries and Jap- however encouraging they might be, for anese Christians. The campaign. social, political, philanthropic, and other which was designed to reach not institutions more or less embody the simply the larger cities, but all parts spirit and ideals of the teaching of of the country and all classes of the Christ. The United States of America people, has endeavored to bring about and Japan are almost the only countries first a revival of spiritual life and where true liberty of conscience is evangelistic fervor in the churches, strictly guaranteed. For social reform and then a widespread presentation in its several branches', modern Japan is of the Gospel to the entire nOl1- particularly indebted to the joint efforts Christian community. of foreign missionaries and Japanese Christians; above all, the eternal woman On the J 3th of April a banquet problem has been solved, satisfactorily, was given by the Tokyo Committee once and ·for all, after Indian philosof the campaign, at which over 250 ophy and Chinese ethics had struggled in government officials of high rank, vain, for three thousand years, to find a prominent citizens of Tokio and right place in society for woman. These other leaders were present. Not only latter failed because they indulged in have the newspapers generally given academic speculation, while Christianity cordial recognition to the work, but recognized universal human nature, and the visiting speakers have been in- treated both sexes as a complement of vited to address schools, workmen in each other, instead of as superiors and factories, business men, soldiers, pos- inferiors." tal clerks, and railroad employees. At nearly every place, successful meet- One of the results of the first year ings for women have been held. The of the campaign is that almost ten attitude of the public toward the thousand persons took their stand for Christian movement has been sym- Christ. pathetic and friendly, as is shown by these various open doors and by the RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION IN KOREA large attendance at the public meetings. MUCH of the secular as well as the religious instruction in many Count Okuma was present at the banquet in April, and spoke as fol- districts in Korea has been in the lows: hands of the missionaries. They have trained thousands of the people not only in the religion of Christ and

I9 1 5J SIGNS OF THE

the Bible, but in sciences, history and "Time has now cOllie to effect the other secular subjects and industries. separation of religion and education N ow that the Japanese Government more clearly than ever in conformity has taken over the peninsula, they with the principle of education in propose to standardize the educational Japan, and fix the qualifications of system according to the Japanese teachers, who are the principal facmodel. This is not to be wondered tors in education." at, but it may mean a revolution in missionary methods, if not an aban- In a word, the aim of the revision donment of many of the mission of the regulations for private schools schools. is to bring about unity of the na- tional educational system as well as The main features of the J apan- to adjust the curricula of schools in ese program that will affect the general. As a result, in schools recognized mission schools are (I) other than purely religious or of a the curriculum and teachers must be certain special kind, religious teachapproved by the Japanese, and (2) ing has been excluded. religion must not be taught in the schools, nor must compulsory relig- In view of the inconvenience that ious exercises be helel. may be caused to managers of schools and students, should the revised regu- .I1r. Sekiya, Director of the Jap- lations be immediately enforced, the anese Educational Bureau, has made authorities have allowed ten years' the following statement: grace, in the course of which private schools arc required to change or "In conformity with the instruc- adjust their systems so as to conform tions of the Governor-General efforts to the revised regulations. have been put forth by the educational authorities to develop edu- KIKUYU CONTROVERSY AND cation in Chosen. No distinction whatever was made between religions T COOPERATION schools and secular schools in the HE Kikuyu conference in Africa, endeavor to induce them to conform two years ago, brought together to the spirit of national education of the missionary workers of the Church the Empire. Absolute freedom is, of of England ill U gal1da and the N 011course, assured to the people of conformist Christian workers of the Japan and Chosen with regard to neighboring territory. The conferreligion, but at the same time it is ence threatened disruption in the the principle governing education in Church of England. The matter was Japan to separate religion from edu- referred to the Archbishop of Cantercation. This was clearly mentioned bury, who has now announced the in the Governor-General's proclama- decision of the "consultative body" tion relating to education in Chosen, of the Lambeth Coderence. and in Government or public schools, as well as schools under control of Archbishop Davidson says that the educational bodies, laws have pro- Kikuya conference, at which terms of hibited the giving of religious edu- cooperation and division of terrication or the observance of religious tory, in view of the aggressive Moceremomes. hammedan propaganda, were agreed upon among the English-speaking

missionary agencies of Eastern commit himself, but shows that, as Africa, and which was followed bv a head of one of the most conservacommunion service in which two tive churches in the world, he recog- bishops of the Anglican mission took nizes that conditions must dictate mis- part, was admissible as an action in sionary policy in all foreign countries. emergency, but should not be taken as a precedent. He argues at length COOPERATION ON MISSIONS IN that "federation" is more than "co- LATIN AMERICA operation," tho falling short of "corporate reunion." For such a "formal FOLLOWING the decision of the and quasi-constitutional federation" Archbishop of Canterbury on the as that proposed in British East Africa something more than local l: ikl1Yl1 COll ference controversy in sanction is needed. The matter the Chnrch of England, it is intershould be submitted to the Lambeth esting and encouraging to note that Conference. The archbishop sees at the 1lay meeting of the Roard of nothing subversive of Church order Missions of the Protestant Episcopal in welcoming recognized ministers of Church, the question of official reother churches to preach at Anglican presentation at the coming missionary services. He further says that it is conference at Panama was taken legal and proper for Anglicans on "from the table" where it had been occasion to invite Christians of other placed at the previous meeting, and non-Episcopal communions to share the following resolution was passed: in the celebration of the Eucharist, but that on no account l11ust Epis- "That the Board of Missions, copalian Christians accept the com- having learnecl of the plan to hold a munion from the hands of non-Epis- conference in Panama, < in 1916, on copalian ministers. missionary work in Latin-America, on the same general lines as the The Archbishop recognized the IVorId Missionary Conference in fact that the conditions which the Edinburgh in 1910, will arrange to missionaries who attended the Con- send delegates to the conference, and ference are facing are unprecedented authorizes any of its officers who may in Christian history, and that the mis- be asked to do so to serve upon comsionaries must have, therefore, large mittees in connection with the confreedom of action, that in each coun- ference, and to take sllch other steps try the native church must define its in the preparatory work as they may loyalty to Christ without perpetuating think desirable; provided, that whatthe historical differences marked by ever notice or invitation is sent to the missionaries who have brought any Christian body shall he presented the message to them. to every communion having work in Latin-America." Cooperation between missionaries of various denominations is inevi- The interest of all Protestant Christable. It is in operation in Japan, tians in missions to Latin Americans China, India, and elsewhere, and it is is dictated by a desire to win men to imperatively needed in Africa. The Christ wherever they are without a knowledge of the Gospel or are Archbishop of Canterbury does not living in opposition to the teachings. of our Lord,

EVENTS

July June 25th to July 4th-Missionary Education Movt. Conf., Blue Ridge, N. C. June 25th to July 4th-Woman's Summer Sch. of Missions, Blue Ridge, N. C. 2d to 12th-Missionary Education Movement Can/., Asilomar, Cal. 6th-Five-hundredth anniversary of the martyrdom of John Hus.

6th to 10th-Anti-Saloon League Conference, Atlantic City, N. J.

6th to 13th–,y-oman's Summer School of Mi'ssiolls, Boulder, Col. 7th to 12th-Fifth IVorld Clwistimt Elldca'1!or Coltvcntion, Chicago, Ill. 8th to 15th–Vvoman's Summer School of Missions, Northfield, Mass. 9th-The 75th anniversary of Martyrdom of Christians' in Madagascar. 9th to 18th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Silver Bay, N. Y. 9tl; to lRth-Miss.ionary Education Movement Con/., Silver Bay, N. Y. 9th to 20th-Southern Methodist Missionary Con ference, Junaluska, N. C. 12th to 17th-,y-oman's Summer School of Missions, Mt. Hermon, Cal. 14th to 18th-,y-oman's Summer School of Missions, Monteagle, Tenn. 16th to 23d-Woman's' Summer School of Home Missions, Northfield, Mass. 16th to 25th-Miss,ionary Education M O'IJement Conf., Estes Pa/'k, Colo. lRth to 24th-International Purity Congress, San Francisco, Cal. 18th to 25th-Missionary Cony. of Disciples of Christ, Los Angeles, Cal. 22d to 30th-Missionary Education Movement Con/., Ocean Park, M c. 23d-The Iooth anniversary of the baptism of Africaner, 1815. 28th to Aug. 2d-Laymen's Miss. Movement Conf., Lake Geneva, Wis. 30th to Aug. 9th-Christian and Miss. Alliance Conv., Old Orchard Beach, Me. 31st to Aug. 7th-Reformed Church in U. S. Missionary Conf., Mt. Gretna, Pa.

August 15t to 3d–World's Bihle Congress, San Francisco, Cal. 4th to 8th·-Preshyterian Home Missions Conference, Montreat, N. C. 6th to 15th-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Lake Geneva, Wis. 10th to 15th-International Convention of Young People's Alliance of the Evangelical Association, Lomira, Wis. 20th-The 80th anniversary of the founding of the Domestic and Foreign Missiollary Society of Protestant Episcopal Church. 25th to 29th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Chatauqua, N. Y.

September 2d to 5th-International Woman's Missionary Society of the Evangelical As- sociation Convention, Marion, Ohio.

9th-The 75th anniversary of the death of Ko-thah-byu, 1840.

October 7th-General Conference of the Evangelical Association, Los Angeles, Cal. 12th-Provincial Synod Protestant Episcopal Church, Concord, N. H. 12th-Provincial Synod Episcopal Church, Chicago, III. 19th-Provincial Synod Episcopal Church, Sewanee, Tenn. 20th to 22d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Buffalo, N. Y.

J. HUDSON TAYLOR Founder of tbe China Inland Mission

OF CH

Only Stations of the China Inland Mission are marked on this Map.

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i SHOWING TlfE STIrTIONS .' OF THE 5 CHINA 1NLAND MISSION 1 Lon tude Ea.st of Greenwich l15' lJO'

Year$ of the China

Mission-I 865- 1915 BY HENRY W. FROST, DIRECTOR FOR NORTH AMERrCA [The China Inland Mission, founded by the Rev. ]. Hudson Taylor, iu 1865, has had a remarkable history, and from it many of the denominational societies have learned valuable lessons in faith, economy, and the preeminence of spiritual methods. Like the orphanage work established in Bristol, England, hy George Muller, the China Inland Mission has been carried on without th(l backing of any distinct constituency and without direct appeals for financial aid. God has clearly shown His guiding hand in the foundation and development of the Mission, and has singularly owned the work by supplying the needed money and workers, and particularly by the large and abiding spiritual fruitage.

This year marks the fi ftieth anniversary, and at our request the Home Director for North America has written a brief account of the Mission, its policies, and results.

l 0 claim is made for a larger evidence of God's blessing or guidance in this work' than in that of other societies, but the China Inland Mission has been a humble and willing instrument in the almighty hands of God to open up many provinces, before closed to Christianity, and to lead thousands of Chinese out of darkness into the light and life of God through the Lord Jesus Christ. The record is worthy of a thoughtful reading.-EDlToR.] ~~~1m HE Rev. J. .Hudson to God and dedicated himself t6 Him for the evangelization of the inland Taylor first went to !provinces of China. There fol- China, In connection lowed as a result the formation ofa with the Chinese new society under the name of the Evangelization Society. China Inland Mission, and on May in the year r853. He 26, r866, 11r. Taylor again sailed for settled at Shanghai, and from that Shanghai, with a party of fifteen center began itinerating journeys in lTI1SSlOnaries. The beginning of the the neighboring districts. Four China Inland Mission, therefore, was years later he resigned from the in the year r865, fifty years ago, Chinese Evangelization Society and and hence, this present year marks began independent work in the prov- the Mission's Jubilee. We shall not ince of Chekiang. At one time only attempt in this article to give an hisone of the interior provinces of torical review of the work but rather China had been entered by Protes- to present its salient characteristics tant missionaries, and in 1860 Mr. as it now stands, after these fifty Taylor wrote home to England ap- years of life and growth. pealing for workers. Later in the year, his health having failed, he Its Right of Existence sailed for England, where he remained for six years. On June 25, Mr. Hudson Taylor was a singur865, he had a remarkable spiritual larly godly man. He was one who experience upon the sands at Brigh- had the spiritual instinct highly deton, when he yielded himself anew veloped, and he had learned the

secret of 'habitual prayer and trust to be confronted. To go on was His walk, therefore, was almost un- indeed serious; but to leave countfalteringly with God, and he had that less millions to perish was much calm and stable mental equipment more serious. It is not to be wonwhich such a companionship develops. dered at that such an one as Mr. He was not a man, consequently, Taylor went forward. who came to quick and rash conclusions. On the contrary, he China is not yet evangelized. thought out problems carefully and When Mr. Taylor faced the question reached decisions slowly. These of carrying the Gospel to the interior qualities of mind and heart he of that land, the eleven great inland brought to bear upon the question of provinces were fast closed and their China's evangelization. He waited two hundred and fifty millions of long before he considered under- people hac! never even heard the taking anything new in its behalf; name of Christ. Those provinces and even after he felt constrained to are now open and some of their milgo forward into an independent lions have heard the Gospel. But enterprise he held back until he felt there are yet great reaches of terriunmistakably assured of God's guid- tory which have never been traversed ance. Thus, it was only after he by missionaries, and there are hunbelieved himself forced forward that dreds of millions who are as ignorhe took the decisive step toward ant of Christ as if He had never died organizing the new mission. The for the sins of men. Mr. Taylor's quality of the man and his great care rlilemma, therefore, is also ours. It in discovering the divine will, are is a choice for us as it was for him evidences that what he finally did between leaving the heathen to was under the direction of God. perish and of doing what we can to bring to them the knowledge of the Moreover, Mr. Taylor reached his Savior's love and power. Under such conclusion to create a new service conditions, we choose, as Mr. Taylor for inland China only after he had did, to go forward. waited upon the great denominational societies of England, had besought Its Organization them to undertake work in the interior, and had received their expres- The executive of the mission is a sions of regret that they were not directorate, with a central general able to do this, since they were al- director, and with other directors in ready doing all that their provision the home-lands and in China, each of men and money allowed. Mr. representing the general director in Taylor, therefore, saw no alternative his particular geographical sphere. between leaving the interior of China These directors are assisted by secreunevange1ized and beginning a new taries and treasurers, and by advisory work in its behalf. To one who had councils, all of whom, in general, act seen the night and blight of heathen- in unanimity, majority decisions ism, and who had in his heart some- being avoided. As the work in each thing of the compassion of Christ, country is controlled by the director this was a solemn dilemma by which and council of that country, the work in China is controlled by the director

YEARS OF THE CHINA INLAND MISSION 49

and council there. At the same time, ernment and worship, and it leaves all directors and councils keep in each member to develop his work sympathetic touch and act in har- upon such denominational lines as he mony with one another. The work may prefer. The mission, however, on the field is supervised; not only is pledged to preserve the church by the director and council at Shan- organization which is once estab~ ghai, but also by provincial super- lished, and it also arranges, where intendents and senior missionaries. this is desired, to place a person who A SAMPLE OUT-STATION CONGREGATION TN HONAN PROVINCE The new missionaries in China are holds given denominational vIews trained in the language and in the with those who hold similar vIews. customs of the people in two training The mission is international, since it homes, and later are settled in sta- has-besides its common work in tions in the interior. China-home centers in Great Brit- ain, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, The mission is undenominational, and the United States. There are in the sense that it is not an eccle- also centers of associate missions on siastical body, and it is interdenomi- the continent of Europe and In the national, in the sense that it is a western States of America. voluntary union of the members of many ecclesiastical bodies. It sets The financial arrangements of the up in China no form of church gov- mission are exact and comprehensive.

Each donation is acknowledged by a makes no solicitation of fund s, bereceipt and letter, books are fully cause, first, it believes that God's and carefully kept, they are audited lJromises for the supply of temporal by public accountants, and once a needs will be fulfilled, and because, year a full statement of receipts anrl secondly, it does not wish to divert expenditures is pttblished in the or- money from the regular miss ionary gan of the mission-Chitta's M£lliol/s ,ocieties, but to receive only those -and in its annllal report, "China over-plus contributions which ll1.ay be and the Gospel." Each home country prompted by, the Spirit and given is independent financially of each voluntarily. It depends in a peculiar other home country , receivin g and way, therefore, upon prayer and faith disbursing fund s without reference to for the securing of necessary temthe other home centers; but each poral supplies.

THE NEW CHINA INLAND MISSION HOSPITAL AT PAONING. WEST CHINA ministers to a general fund in China, As a result of this position, having no assured income, it does not pledge the work being unified there without a stipend to any person dependent upon its minist rations but only promrespect to national distinction s. ises to disburse whatever amounts are received. It never goes into debt, Dpnors are allowed to designate their such being considered· contrary to God's ""Iord and inconsistent with gifts for specific objects and the th e life of prayer and faith. It holds that the evangelization of China is purposes of sllch designations a re its prime obligation, so that medical and educational work are regarded always care fully regarded and car- as secondary in importance. It con- siders, however, that evangelistic ried out. service should be systematically and Ita Principle.

The mission is strictly and POSItively evangelical, its doctrinal basis expressing the fundamentals of the Christi~n faith and being accepted and adhered to by directors , council members and missionaries alike. It

YEARS OF THE CHINA INLAND MISSION

carefully carried out, and that a ful of men and women, and this superficial covering of ground is not little company stood in China against within the scope of reputable mis- overwhelming odds. Supplies were sionary service. It holds thaI uncertain and sometimes almost in- churches where converts are gathered sufficient, so that faith and courage should be established and faithfully were sorely tried. Treaties were fostered, and that a native ministry against going into the interior, con, should be developed from these as suls were not in favor of it, and rapidly as possible. 1t consic1ers that the people, wherever advancement these native leaders should be system- was attempteel, bitterly opposed it, atically and carefully trained, and it But this Gideon's band would. not has a number of Bible-schools ill yield and they went forward in the different parts of the field for this name of the Lord. Later, other purpose. It believes in medical workers came to their help, supplies work, and it has nine hospitals, were more regular and adequate, sixty-eight dispensaries, twenty-seven high-built walls of prejUdice began physici'ans, amI a considerable num- to fall down, and converts in various ber of trained nurses. It believes, places were emboldened to confess also, in educational work, with special the name of Christ.

relationship to the chilc1ren of con- Jn Ig8I, seventy additional labor- verts, and hence it establishes prim- ers were given; in 1885, the seven ary and secondary schools as these members of the Cambridge band are needtd and funds allow. Finally, went forth; in 1887, a hundred men it holds, not so much to the con- and women were added to the work- centrative as to the distributive prin- ing force; and in successive years ciple of work, preferring to establish there has been a steady addition of many stations in a wide extent of new mIsSIOnaries. Also, the income territory rather than a few in a of the mission-tho no solicitations narrow one. It holds this last theory, for money have been made-has risen first, in order that it may thus open as steadily as the number of workers, the way throughout the land for the so that, through varying experiences, coming in of other missions; and, the need at home and abroad has second, because it believes that this been supplied. It is a remarkable course will ultimately result in the fact that no backward step has ever reaching and saving. of the largest had to be taken for lack of funds.

number of persons. Thus, at last, the little one became a thousand. That single, lone Its Development worker, by his dedication of life to It is generally conceded that Gou's God duplicated himself so largely and blessing has rested in a marked way effective!y that the membership of upon the mission's service. Begun the mission now numbers one thou- by one who was unknown, and who sand and sixty-three men and women.

was forced to face both criticism anel Thus also, at last, that little invest- opposition, it has progressed steadily ment of faith in God for temporal toward its present position of use- supplies, which Mr. Taylor first made fulness. At first, it had but a hand- has multiplied manifold. Those few

meager gifts of the early days·, quite the interior of China, he gathered apart from the funds given by the some of his colleagues about him, associate missions, have turned into and together with these brethren an annual income of about three waited upon God in prayer for some- hundred and fifty thousand dollars, thing new in China's behalf. Accord- and the total income during these ing to the arrangements made, they fifty years has been abOlit ten mil- fasted and prayed in the privacy of lions of dollars. All of those closed their rooms on one day and then met provinces-largely through the in- in public gatherings on the following strumentality of the mission-have day, thus continuing for several days been opened; and in them, in con- in succession. Toward the end of nection with this mission alone, there these sessions of prayer, the thought are over two hundred stations and came in a spontaneous manner that over one thousand out-stations. Also. they ought to ask God for one hun- there are laboring in these stations- dred new missionaries to be given in besides the missionaries-over on:: the following year, 1887. After this, thousand paid native helpers and over they unitedly asked God for this one thousand self-supporting native number of workers. Later, at helpers. Finally, more than thirty- Shanghai, a clergyman asked 11r.

five thousand persons are now in Taylor if he expected to get so many fellowship with the churches, and new men amI women in one year.

fully fifty thousand persons have been Mr. Taylor quietly answered: "'IN::> baptized since the commencement of already have them," explaining t11:1t the work. As compared with those he had accepted them by faith. The days when Mr. Taylor saw a vast. clergyman smiled and replied that he unoccupied interior, all this is some- would believe the mission had them thing for which those who love the when he saw them in China. lIr.

Lard may b:: truly and deeply thank- .Taylor again quietly replied, "Then ful. there will be this difference between Its Experiences you and me; you will not be able to The history of the mission, if it praise God until the end of the year could be fully told, would read in while I shall have the privilege of many particulars like a romance. In- praising Him for full twelve months deed, it is not too much to say that in advance." In December of 1887 much of its record would make a there sailed from England the last fit appendix to the Book of the Acts. party of the "one hundred," making God has wrought in its behalf and -for full measure-a total of one has used it in the fulfilment of not hundred and three. a few of His larger and more beneficient purposes toward China. We Mr. Taylor visited America in 1888 and returned in 1889. Toward the give the following episodes as illus- close of the second visit he felt con- trations of these facts. strained to make permanent the mis- In 1886, the mission had reached sion organization which had been ten- its majority, and a fairly large de- tatively begun the year before. He velopment. But Mr. Taylor was not thus decided, in an interview with Mr.

satisfied. So, being at Anking, in Sandham and myself, in the Chris-

tian Institute Building, in Toronto, answered prayer, for there was the to somewhat enlarge the council I and the 5 of the IS; only there was which had been established and en- a zero added to it so that the amount quired whom we could recommend was $1 So. This was good measure, as council members. Ve mentioned prest down and running over. But three persons, and these were de- that was not all. At the Institute cided upon. Mr. Taylor, however, Uuilding-where our office was- was leaving that evening for China, there was only one letter in waiting, and he was obliged to ask us to give addrest ignorantly by some stranger to the invitations to the persons named. the "Inland China Mission," and While we were engaged in further folded inside of a blank piece of prayer and consultation, the first of paper there were just three five dollar the three friends entered the room; bills. This was our $15 over again, a moment later, the second came in; but this time in exact measure. We and a few moments later the third concluded that the moral of the story appeared. Mr. Taylor was thus per- was this, that the Heavenly Father mitted to give the invitations in per- does, indeed, hear and answer prayer, son. The remarkable thing about the that He does so abundantly, but that experience was this, that one of the this never means that He has not three friends seldom came into the listened attentively and heard exactly Institute, the second had only been what His children have said. The there once before, the third had never larger experiences of the passing been there, and none of the three years have fully conf1rmed theBe knew that lf r. Taylor and ourselves opinions and convictions.

were in the building.

It would be easy to write a book Its Future upon the subject of answered prayer We do not know how long the for funds, but one instance from our Lord will tarry in the glory where experience in North America must . He is. It is mani fest from the Word suffice. When we first went to that He has gone to receive a king- Toronto we took a house in the lower : dom and to return; but the times part of the city at a rental of $35 I and seasons are in the Father's power. a month. Not long after, we came Nor do we know how long He will to the end of the month with only desire us to occupy the field in which $20. in hand. This was on Saturday He has placed and maintained 11S, and the rent had to be paid on for it is quite possible that open IVIonday. We waited on God, there- doors, through the disobedience of the Church, may become closed, and fore, for $IS . We did not expect to that other worthier agents-such as native Christians-may be called upon get any money on Sunday; and we got what we expected-nothing! On Monday morning we renewed our to finish what we and others have prayer with earnestness and with no begun. At· the same time, looking little anxiety. The mail brought no forward to the possibility of things letters. But later, an envelop was remaining yet longer as they are, handed in at the door. It contained the mission has great ambitions for a check, and we saw the Lord had the future and high hopes that these

may be fulfilled. For the God who has with all true saints, so as to hasten been with us these fifty years has more than ever that great and blest proved His love and patience toward day when Christ shall appear and us, and H is power of redemption and the kingdoms of this earth shall be salvation toward the Chinese, and we His forevermore. If these ambitions believe that these are sure tokens of and hopes shall be realized, then the a grace which will be with us to the past fifty years, with all their blessend. ings, will be but the beginning of days for us; and thus this present Thus encouraged, we long to walk year will have proved, indeed, to be more humbly and to serve more de- a Jubilee Year. Looking backward votedly; we long to be a greater then-readopting the mottoes of the inspiration to the church at large by mission-we praisefully say, Ebenezer an example of humility, prayer, and -hitherto hath the Lord helped us; faith; we long to give ourselves to and looking forward we confidently a more sacrificial and extensive serv- cry, Jeho'vah-jireh–the Lord will ice in China; and above all, we long provide! to walk and serve, in fellowship FIFTY YEARS OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN CHINA 1865 1915 PopUlation uf China ………………. . 300,000.000 400,000,000 Provinces opened to the Gospel ……… . 7 All-18 Provinces closed to the Gospel ……….. . 11 None Societies at work in China ………….. . 25 104 Total Stations ……………………. . 15 6,851 Number of Christians ………………. . 3,132 356,209 Number of converts a year ………….. . 150( ?) 15,521 (in 1910) Protestant missionaries at work ……… . 112 5,186 Chinese helpers ……………………. . 206 17,879 Chinese churches established …………. . 3,419 Money expended by Protestant missions .. . $50,000 ( ?) $3,000,000 (estimated) Money received from the field by Protes- tant missions ……………………. . $1,000 ( ?) $301,263 (in 19(7) ————————_.—— — FIFTY YEARS' PROGRESS OF THE CHINA INLAND MISSION 1865 I 1875 I 1885 I 1895 I 1905 I 1915 Provinces occupied …………….. 1 11 51 91 141 lSi 16 Stations ……………………… 1 Out-stations ………………….. 'I 21 131 301 121 200 227 Missionaries ………………….. 1 Native Helpers ……………….. 1 I 381 44 123 521 1,100 Communicants ………………… I 31 361 1371 604 825 1,063 Baptisms from beginning ………. 1 761 1061 417 1,152 2,765 Baptisms for year …………….. 1 ?I 1,655 5,208114,078 35,000 Organized Churches …………… 1 I Income-Home* ………………. 1 I ? 1,767 7,173 18,625 50,771 Income-China ……………….. 1 1 ?I I? 844 2,541 5,017 I I 281 45 1 1491 418 754 $5,7001 $40,0001 $95,000 $208,000 $291,0001$280,000 1 I 5,0001 18,0001 15,0001 40,000 '* Not including Associate Missions

SCHOOL HOUSE OF THE A~lERICAN MISSION !fOME, YOKOHAMA, FORTY YEARS

Woman's Progress In Japan BY REV. WILLIAM ELLIOT GRIFFIS, D.D., L.B.D., ITHACA, NEW YORK Author of "The "Mikado's Empire," "Verbeck of Japan," etc .

I tT)HE education of woman is encouragement to expect further ~ in Japan in olden times progress. was better than in other Asiatic countries, but The five great epochs of the history very few women, and of Japanese womanhood correspond chiefly those of the to those of the nation's development. higher classes, received its benefits. Altho it provided knowledge, its great 1. In the age of mythology (bedefect was in the exaggeration of sub- fore 660 A. D. )-which is a veiled ordination at the expense of other period, undated and abbreviated, bewomanly qualities. There was no fore the days of clocks or writing– real emancipation for woman in Ja- woman's place was relatively high. pan under the old regime. Christian- Japanese mythology speaks of acreity came to the Island Empire with atrix. The sun was a female goda positive message, with a command dess. In the timeless legends rise to woman to be and to do. many striking female figures in times of wa r and peace. The Japanese woman's true position and possibilities may best be 2. In the early era (600-1200 A.D.) seen by scanning the changes of fifty of writing, and the introduction of years. If within this time she has Chinese civilization, the daughters of responded to new inspirations and Japan achieved a unique record. In has manifested innate power, there the civilizing influences of early Bud- dhism their potency was primal and lI11mense.

During this period there occurred a seen in an inundation of female igstriking phenomenon, almost unique norance and lewdness, in a flood :)f in history. It was woman, not man, pornographic literature, in the rise of that made the literary language of Japan's characteristic institution, the Japan and first gave to the young Yoshiwara or licensed prostitution, a nation works of imagination. The system in which the government still Genji Monogatari (Romance of glories. Prince Genji), by a court lady, who lived in A.D. 1004, is the acknow- 5. The era of Ifeiji, or of Modern ledged standard of the language. Christianity (1860), is marked by the development of education for girls MISS MARGARET CLARK GRIFFIS AND HER PUFILS FORTY YEARS AGO 3. During the medieval period as well as for boys. This system (1200-1600), woman suffered in the grew out of missionary obj ect lesendless wars, often illustrating the sons, ahd in I87T began on a national annals of heroism. scale. There also arose the new fig- ure of the trained nurse, now organ- 4. During the supremacy of Chi- ized with her sisters into a great nese learning, and the prevalence of army; the various types of woman's Confucianism during the next period, training-schools were established, and woman entered into a state of sub- a woman's university was founded jection and of degradation previously in Tokyo by a Christian man. unknown. The' cardinal virtues which she was taught were wholly The literature, art and drama of negative-subordination and obedi- the past picture the national mind, ence. The Nemesis of this system is and tell the story' of those days.

1 5] WOMAN'S PROGRESS IN JAPAN

Especially do proverbs, the verbal new day. One of these, seeing that coinag~ of ,eJ(perienl:e, shoW the hid-. the missionary ladies were helpmates eous results of an overwrought doc- to their husbands, came to Mrs. Hep- trine of filial piety-daughters were burn in Yokohama and earnestly re- rented out to men like cattle, or were quested that his granddaughter might sold by thousands into a life of gilded be educated. He. did not believe the misery, disease, and premature 01d sentiment-attributed to Confucius- age. , The atrocious by-word, "A fa- "a stupid woman is less troublesome ther with many daughters need not in the family than one that is wise."

fear old age," tells its own story. Even the Mikado's advisers allowed From all Japanese, of every shade the strange sentiment to be inserted of religious belief or of none, we into the famous Imperial Rescript of hear the unanimous verdict-"Chris-, 1873: "Japanese women are without tianity brought a new message to understanding."

woman. " Mrs. Hepburn, gladly gathered F1fty years ag9 the gospel of joy about her several young girls and began to move the hearts of J ap~n's j)egan a school which she conducted daughters. Some of these, now for several years and then turned it white-haired, .are still teachers, and 'over to Miss :lIary E. Kidder.

have been makers of Christian homes A high officer once said that this or ar.e active in Christian churches. class was "the mustard seed of The first recognition of female woman's education in Japan." Fun education by the Government of Ja.. of fire and spirit, Miss Kidder car- pan was when a young woman, who ried on the work for many years, had been under the instruction of until the Ferris Seminary was 6rgan- Mrs. J. C. Hepburn of the Presbyter- ized to conduct woman's eclucation ian Mission was appointed assistant on a larger scale. To-day, the Ferris to Miss Margaret Clark Griffis, in Seminary, supported by the Reform- the first schoQl opened under gov- ed Church in A,merica, continues the ernment auspices in the castle in noble work begun a half century ago, Tokyo. To this school with its sixty and has already sent out into the em- pupils, daughters of the nobility and pire hundreds of Christian women gentry, the Empress paid repeated who have founded Christian homes.

VISitS. In the book, "Who's Who in In 1870, the idea of the education Japan," for 1912, we find an aston- of Japanese womanhood was slowly ishing record of graduates of this percolating into the brain of Japanese first school. Many are wives or statesmen. The intellectual superior- widows of eminent men, leaders of ity of refined and educated women the nation, while other private data from Christian lands was manifest reveals a remarkable line of teachers when contrasted with even the most and influential women, not a few of attractive of Japanese women, while whom are Christians. the awful degradation of the millions Passionate pilgrims seeking medical of Japanese females was borne in knowledge at Nagasaki, where the upon the minds of patriots. They Dutchmen had their settlement, were were not ashamed of being Japanese, the first harbingers of science and the but they were ashamed of the con-

MISS TSUDA'S JAPANESE WOMEN'S INSTITUTE (JOSHI EIGAKU JUKU) IN 1910

W OMAN 'S PROG RESS I N JAPA N

diti on into wh ich their women had the Young 'Woma n's Chri stian Asfallen by th e prevalence o f deg rading sociation in Tokyo, and keeps up vital idea s . lines of communication with educa- tionists in America. A patriotic impulse moved th e J apan ese to action, and' Chri sti anity Some years late r , a Chri sti an man, mightily rein fo rced the desire fo r im- D r. Jinzo Naruse, spending a night provement. The one most ardent in a hotel at Osaka, was ' disgusted and determined champion of the new and pained by the uproarious noise ideals for womanhood was General of revellers of both sexes. H e pon- K. Kuroda, wh o secured the appoint- dered the scripture passage, "A vir- A CLA SS IN SCIENCE AT THE MARY COLBY SCHOOL, KA N AZAWA, J AP AN ment o f five young girls to accom- tuous woman who can find ?" and pany th e great embassy of 1872 to th e came to the conclu sion that as long U nited S tates. He was ably second- as so many Japanese women were ed by A rinori Mori , then mini ster to kept in ignorance, with no other outthe U nited States. let for their Iives than mini stering to m an's passions, th ere would be no de- Three of these girls at least were crease of feminin e lewdness. O ut of placed in Chri stian homes in America that night's thought and prayer to and, on their return to Japan became God was born the resolve to establish immensely influential. Two of them a 'Woman's University in T okyo. He married high officers, one in the was assisted in this enterprise by a army and the other in the navy. Th,~ few Japanese statesmen, and for youngest, M iss U me T suda, after many years th e institution has done a long service at Court, established her nobl e work in preparing J apanese fam ous Christian school for girl s in women to be man's helpmate in servthe capital, served as President 0 f

ing God and in re-creating the nation. well attended by red-coated British Unfortunately for Japan, the native soldiers, encamped on the hills near- by, and by blue jacket~ frorp. Ameriofficers at the treaty ports believed can and other ships of war and peace, that the first two commercial neces- and by Europeans and Americal1s livsities '!ere a custom house and a ing in the port. Every variety of relarge house of ill-fame. Out of this ligiolls services was c'arried on in sprang three growths, as of night- this home for years. shade, upas, and poison ivy, whiCh have cost Japan millions of money From this school also wel~t f~rth and ha~e retarded her civilization. hundreds of educated Christian wo- This unfortunate contact of human men to make the new type of wife. beings at the selvedges of their civili- mother, and home needed in the new zations has created the prej udices Japan. It is impossible to dilate on the still strong in the West as to the work of Mrs. Louise Pierson, as a reputed scoundrelism and dishonesty Bible reader and a trainer of scores of the J apancse merchant and the like herself, and of Mrs. Pruyn's lalow character of the average Japanese bors among the native and foreign woman, and also~not an opinion but women of the ports, or of the service a fact-hundreds of Eurasian chil- of hundreds of nativ@ women, mighty (hen, waifs of society, who know not in the scriptures, The records of retheir fathers. sults are not only visible in hearts and bomes and in God's book, but are An earnest appeal was made to even as discernible as those glacial the 'Woman's Union AIissionary So- strice on the boulders, which tell of ciety to establish a home in Y oko- a history of force and movement that hama for these innocent victims of out of azoic rock created fertile soil. vice. Mrs. Mary T. Pruyn, Mrs. Louise, Pierson, and Miss Julia Cros- J aran took her proper place in the by were chosen to begin this work, world's family at "the psychological and to~day Miss Crosby-a white- moment." Steam, electricity and the haired veteran, but still full of ear- great inventions of modern times nestness and vigor—:is at the head of were ready at hand; but, more esthe historic American Mission Home, pecially, the noble ideas of Christian "212 Bluff,'" Yokohama. centuries had ripened and were brought for gathering. The Japan- The work dev<;loped into a school ese hand was also trained for pickexclusively for Japanese girls, and ing; its owner is. ever an eclectic. later became a hive of manifold spiritual iridustries~one might almost One of ,these Christian ideas was call it a Bii;Jlical College. Here Dr. the right and privilege of women to Samuel Robbins Brown gathered his labor for their sisters in the Savi~r's Bible ~lasses that, fi11e4 rooms, stairs, name. "The greatest work of your and hallways, as he expounded the Christ is' the d~vation of woman," script1:1res in the vernacular. Here said a Chinese mandarin to Andrew Okunq, who brought the Day of Pen- Carnegie. This was an evangel to tecost in Japan, preached the first na- Japanese w~}I11anhood, because all the tive Christian sermon in modern J a- energies of the statesmen of the new pan. Here prayer-meetings were regime, after i868, seemed required

WOMAN'S PROGRESS IN

t9 rebuild the nation. Instant and wafted seed, was carried all over the imperious attention to purely national empire by Christian sailors, servants, affairs, in which the men were prom- pupils, and acquaintances. From inent, was demanded. Even th e most the first, varied methods were adoptenlightened statesmen were slow- ed for planting and cultivating Chriswilled or heterodox on the subject 9f tian ideas. Despite stony places, the wom an's position in civilization ami hard roadside, and the fowls of the the home. A secr:et chapter, of air, much seed ri pened to the glory which I have the documents, would of God. Schools and churches de- A HAPPY JAPANESE M l SSlON ARY KINDERGARTEN prove this, but we cortgratulate Japan veIoped and the new nation was born. on possessing noble pioneers among The kindergarten was introduced the missionary women. It is to the everl::tsting honor of the nation and early, and helped admirably to blend g,",vernment that the single women the artistic ideals of the East and the who came to Japan met with so little West. The kindergarten has made opposition, or insult, either veiled or art a genuil)e yoke-fellow in the seropen. vice of the gospel. E specially is this true where American , women' ,have From, the first, the object lesson of had the good sense to recognize how women missionaries and their families vastly superior to Americans are the was one as powerful as sunshine. Japanese in artistic sense and culture. Japanese testimony is abundant to, prove this.' The influence was seen One frankly confesses to s~rprize iI:! the hO!lle, in the church, through and wonder that some of. the pioneer the tr~iningof the children, and, like women should be willing to spend their cultured lives on a missionary':i

pittance in a distant land, that they seed planted. The real autumnal might lift up the daughters of the harvesting of the fruit is coming af- Island Empire. These servants of ter years filled with discouragements .

God have been used to create a new . To-day,Christianity in Japan is deep- ideal of womanhood in the image of ly rooted below and shows rich ftuit- the Christ. age above. Many women are faithful One of the mani festations of a wives of pastors, deacons, and el- Christian sentiment that developed to ders; many daughters of Christian oppose the degradation of womanhood homes are serving in the church as was seen in the passing of a law deaconesses, or as Sunday-school which forbade the incarceration of teachers; many others are zealous females against their wiII in those and useful church members, who keep moral pest-houses called the Y oshi- UP. the steady fire and furnish wara, provided that all debts against fresh supplies of spiritual fuel. A the procurer or slave-master had knowledge of human nature explains been discharged. Happily, there were a great many things; and, as ill Christian heroes who were brave America, so in Japan, many a pastor enough to see to the enforcement of has said, with mingled sighing and the law. Na knight fighting a ter- gladness, "What would the church do rible dragon, or soldier charging to without the women?"

capture the death-dealing cannon, was The creation of the trained nurse braver than those who faced the bru- has been a signal triumph of Chris- tal rowdyism of the brothel-keepers. tianity. Long years before the idea In one year, over ten thousand un- entered the heads of statesmen or fortunate girls and women were set publicists, Dr. John C. Berry, M.D., free. At times, the moral torch has a missionary of the American Board, burned so brightly that local option trained a corps of Japanese women against licensed prostitution has been nurses. The Presbyterians, also, had made effective. On more than one uniformed female nurses in their hos- occasion when fire destroyed the dis- pitals-the first free hospitals opened reputable quarters of a town, it to the public in Japan. Thus the seemed as tho the flames of moral foundation was laid for the first earnestness would also scorch out of courses in that superb healing art existence the moral pestilence. Never- which is to-day Japan's glory among theless, while human passions are the nations of Asia. In I894 China so strong and selfishness so great, went to war without even a hosp:tal this evil must be dealt with by slow corps, while Japan had nearly a and patient means. We believe that thousand trained female nurses in its present form this licensed ready. In I 904, when the clash vice in Japan is doomed. came with Russia, these ministers of Woman's work in Japan has been mercy numbered thousands. "As the like the preparatory work of the Hague ordained," the Empire of the farmer in preparing the soil for a now Risen Sun set an example in the coming harvest. The parasites must humane treatment of her prisoners be removed, stones gathered out, and her care of the sick, both native stumps blasted, marshes drained, and and alien, that surprized the world.

I 51 WOMAN'S PROGRESS IN JAPAN 50

In the higher education of women Miss Tsuda's school, besides being the government is ~til1 very much distinctively Christian, is the fore- runner of hundreds of others which behind. Perhaps the average Japan- shall neither be connected with any mission board nor receive any supese man does not yet take woman port from the government, but shall seriously as an intellectual com- be independent and self-supporting, panion. The famous Rescript of because of their clientage of Chris- 1873 called for the education of girls tian families. to be "of the same grade as that for men." Yet forty years have passed, In the Doshisha University, in and, despite the profuse professions AN AFTERNOON TEA-PARTY, Y. W. C. A. SUMMER CONFERENCE, 1913 of loyalty to the emperor, the two Kyoto, is also a school for girls, but Women's Higher Normal Schools, in with less than a hundred pupils. Tokyo and at Nara, with 450 pupils, It is not under foreign missionary comprise the state provision for the supervision nor government control, higher education. These schools but is a thorough Christian school. simply train teachers for the second- The crying need to-day is for a ary and primary schools, but make no great Christian university for women. aim to provide general culture. The government provides no other edu- Economic forces are fast driving cation for girls above the high school. Japanese women into new fields of There is a Woman's Private Medical activity. Unless they are given high- School in the capital, which has re- er education with Christian ideals, cently received recognition, and wo- they will become a menace to the men are allowed to attend lectures nation. in the Imperial Universities in Tokyo and Kyoto. Despite limitations, the permanent superiority of Christian education has been demonstrated.

BARON YUN CHI-HO, A CHRISTIAN KOREAN Former Mil1jster of Education; a delegate to the Edinburgh llissionary Con- ference; imprisoned for alleged conspiracy, without evidence of guil-t, but l*ecentJy pardoned by the Japanese Goyernment and restored to full titles and privileges.

A Korean Christian

A SKETCH OF BARON YUN CHI-HO, PREACHER, TEACHER, STATESMAN The interpreter to Lucius C. Foote, the first American Minister sent to Korea, in 1883, was a young Korean named Yun Chi-Roo He belonged to a group of the younger nobility in the Hermit Nation who desired to know more of the outside world. This young Korean has had most important influence upon the political, social, and moral development of the Koreans.

Yun was present at the fateful banquet on December 6, 1884, when the Progressives attempted to celebrate the promise of success in their efforts to reconstruct Korea's life. The hired assassins of the Conservative party broke up the banquet, and Yun was compe1!ed to flee to the American Legation for protection. He was secretly conveyed to Chemulpo, the seaport, and was put on board an American man-of-war bound for Shanghai. There he entered the Anglo-Chinese College of the Methodist Mission, and remained for six years. During this period he was converted to Christianity. In 1890 Yun went to America, and studied first in Emory College, and later was graduated from Vanderbilt University at Nashville, Tennessee.

His strong, Christian character, wit. and spirit of good fellowship, won him many friends among his American fellow st~dents. He proved himself to be a natural leader of men.

On completing his education in America, Yun returned to China as a teacher in the Southern Methodist Anglo-Chinese College at Shanghai. Here he met and married a talented Chinese-Christian wife, whose mother had been rescued in her infancy by the missionaries.

At the establishment of Korean independence under Japanese auspices, following the China-Japan War, in [895, Yun was among the first of the foreigneducated Koreans to be called back to Korea by the reformed cabinet. He was invited to become Vice-Minister of Education. and was entrusted with the task of organizing an educational system for Korea.

Mr. Yun immediately identified himself with the Christian Church, and showed his interest in every movement for the betterment of his fellow countrymen. He served in influential positions in the government, first as Secretary to the Imperial Cabinet, and later as Vice-Minister of State for Foreign Affairs. For a time the direction of foreign affairs for Korea was entirely in his hands as Acting Minister, the full ministerial title being denied him only because his father was then a Minister of State, and it was repugnant to Korean ethics to have a son holding a position on official equality with his own father.

The career of Baron" YUH passed through kaleidoscopic changes that over-

both his country and himself. The jealousy of the Korean Court

kept him in danger of secret assassination, from which he was obliged to seek safety by flight on' several occasions. He became the editor of The Korean Independent, an influential progressive paper, and led the party of progress and reform. He finally retired from public life at the time of the establishment of the Japanese protectorate in 1905.

Through the many changes of this exciting period of Korean history, Baron Yun remained true to the principles of his Christian faith; and on leaving public office gave himself to the work of Christian education. He became president of the Anglo-Korean School of the Southern Methodist Church at Songdo. It was here that he was arrested, two years ago, on the charge of complicity in the so-called Conspiracy Case. The trial of over one hundred Korean Christians was carried through all of the Japanese Courts, and constituted the greatest legal battle that has marked Korean annals in modern times. It attracted world-wide attention, and created animosities and bitternesses so that only Christian forbearance prevented serious consequence". The charges formulated by the Japanese police in Korea were not substantiated, and most of the Christians were fully acquitted. The Court, however, thought it necessary to sentence Baron Yun and five other men to penal servitude for five years. This year, however, at the request of the Governor-General of Korea, Count Terauchi-against whose life the plot is alleged to have been directed-the Emperor of Japan pardoned the young men, and they were not only released from prison, but all civil disabilities and forfeiture of title and political standing involved in their sentence were cancelled, and they were restored to full civil rights.

Earon Yun Chi-Ho has been a power in the intellectual and moral development of Korea. In prison, also, he faithfully witnessed for Christ, and, like the apostle Paul, exprest his conviction that the troubles had overtaken him for the furtherance of the Gospel.

DISCIPLESHIP "These are the,Y which follow the Lamb whithcrsoe'C'er He goeth"

I thought it hard that Christ should ask of me To walk through life along a blood-marked way, And thus it was, I shrank back, tremblingly, Then paused, and bowed my head, and said Him, Nay!

But looking down I saw, with tear-dimmed eyes, That all the blood-marks came from pierced feet, At which I learned, with sad yet glad surprize, That they were proofs of love, enduring, sweet; 'Twas thus again, I looked on Christ's dear face And once again, began to follow on;- Since then, I've only thought of His great grace, And fear of blood-marked ways is wholly gone. -H. W. FROST.

HUS-MARTYRED

John Hus and the Moravians BY CHARLES H. ROMINGER, M.A., BETHLEHEM, PENNSYLVANIA ~~;;zIHE 6th of July is a first Protestant Christian Church. On unique day in the his- that day, one-half of a millenium ago, tory of the world. It John Hus, deposed rector of the Uni- is the sooth anniver- versity of Prague, and former priest sary of the martyrdom of the Bethlehem Chapel in Prague, of the man who insti- was led out of the gates of Con- stance to the Briihl, a quiet meadgated the Bohemian Reformation, ow among the gardens· near the and inspired the organization of the

city waIls, and there was burned Hus stands out against the back- to death. As the flames from the ground of history as one of its most faggots and straw, which were piled tragic figures-.

about his body, leaped up to The martyrdom of this Bohemian take away his life, the staunch spirit professor was a turning-point in the of this reformer did not waver. His development of the church. His vir- last words were a part of the Catho- ile patriotism, his fearless advocacy'

lic burial-prayer. The soul of Hus of the unchained Bible, and the ardor -arose on a chariot of fire to meet the of his attack upon the corruption in Son of God, to whom he had- devoted Church and State, were in marked every faculty of mind and body, but contrast to the narrow bigotry and his mangled corpse sank in hopeless the undisguised profligacy of those ruin u]29n the embers of his funeral who opposed him. The Church was pyre. The mob that had gloated under a cloud. Popes, prelates, and over the death of so strong an ad- laymen were blinded by their own vocate of righteousness, leaped upon vain imagmmgs. But there were in- the smoldering body, reduced the dividuals who found the lighted way.

bones to ashes, and cast them into the Hus was their leader. He gave them Rhine. But friends of the martyred courage. The clear light of his man, his faithful companions during teaching and the purity of his char- the long persecution which preceded acter added momentum to his labors.

his condemnation, lifted the soil upon He was a national hero, and, when which he was burned and carried it to summoned to the council at Con- Bohemia-for to them it was holy stance, to speak in his own defense ground. against a charge of heresy, the good There are some men whom the wishes of his countrymen went with world must not forget. Hus is one him. The verdict of that treacherous of them. Born in a peasant home, he tribunal was not expected. Hus was forced to work for a professor sprung at once, through the shock of in the University of Prague in order his death, into a prominence that to pay for the privilege of studying would have been impossible under in that institution. During those other circumstances.

years of poverty and toil, he won the Nevertheless, H us died too soon.

honor and respect of the authorities There had not been time in his busy of the university by his high ideals life to formulate his teachings into a and dauntless perseverance. He was system that could be adopted and made university lecturer, dean of the promulgated by his followers. It is philosophical facuity, and rector of true that the books of Wyclif, who the university. He became a priest, was the first reformer to attract and, from the pulpit of Bethlehem world-wide attention to his utter- _Chapel, wielded an influence that ances, were brought to Bohemia by reached the remotest corners of Jerome of Prague, one of many stu- Europe. Stricken in the prime of dents in the University of Oxford, manhood, a victim of ignorance and and that they had stimulated the ideas blind superstition, condemned and of Hus and assisted him in glvmg burned without' an' adequate trial, them form 1, but the period of retire-

HUS AND THE MORAVIANS

ment preceding his call to Constance the Bohemian Reformation. The was too short, and the years of man- Chiliasts and Adamites were fanatical hood too crowded with other labors, sects, whose extraordinary tenets to permit of sufficient writing, much less of adequate instruction. John could not be maintained for long, Hus died in the period of life when even in an age like that of the Husmost men are interested in organiz- sites. The Waldenses, who had, no ing their thoughts into a philosophy doubt, been in Bohemia for many de- cades, found in this period of re- THE BIRTHPLACE OF JOHN HUS IN HUSTNETZ, ROHEMJA of their own. He was only forty- adjustment an opportunity for rapid two when he left his work to other growth. This church, which was an men. ancient order, claimed to have an apostolic origin and an episcopal suc- It is not surprizing, therefore, that cession. The sale object of the Walsome of his followers emphasized denses was to restore primitive Chrisone of his teachings, while other tianity; they opposed popes, decrees groups clung tenaciously to sayings of councils, oaths, and warfare. that interested them. Factions grew out of the controversies which fol- The result of the upheaval in Bolowed Hus's death. The Utraquists, hemia was war. The Hussites were or Calixtines, strest one of Hus's pitted against Rome. In this conlatest contentions, that laymen should flict, the Taborites seem to have taken be allowed to take the wine at the a leading part. Their leader, John celebration of the Lord's Supper. Ziska, a blind but capable zealot, held The Taborites were the socialists of Pope Martin's forces at bay for

twenty years. Had the various fac- in bitter terms. He was in sympathy tions been able to cooperate against with the ideals of Peter, but lacked their common foe, they might have one characteristic which would have won the boon for which they strove made him the religious leader of all -the faith of Hus and the freedom Bohemia. I-Ie was afraid to cast his of Bohemia. Alas, for Bohemia! all into championing the cauoe of Ziska died of a fever. The Utra- apostolic Christianity. TloJat was left quists and the Catholics compromised. c for Gregory, called the Patriarch.

They drew up a document, known as Without ostentation, a great number the "Compactata of Basle," in 1433. of Christians, dissatisfied with the Some of Hus's ideas were embodied in conditions in all of the churches, raJ- this contract, viz.: (I) The commu- lied around the new reader. They nion was to be given to laynJen in met in secret; their numbers grew; both kinds; (2) all mortal sins were they were beset by dangers on every to be punished by the proper authori- hand. There came a day when they ties; (3) the Word of God was to be realized that they must seek a place freely preached by faithful priests of safety-or their mission would and deacons; (4) and no priests were fail. Accordingly, the news that, to have any worldly possessions. The near the Bavarian border, in the Taborites were utterly defeated at northeast portion of Bohemia, a val- the battle of Lipan in 1434. It looked ley, unclaimed and deserted, was as tho Hus had died in vain. awaiting to receive them, filled their But no! There were many men in hearts with joy. There they set up a Bohemia who did not believe in war. community of their own. They made Three great leaders arose to free rigid laws, elected elders to enforce them from their yoke. Peter of Chel- them, accepted the ministrations of a cic, a writer and a prophet, pro- Utraquist priest, who cast in his lot claimed in glowing terms against the with them, and established themselves bloody strife which was being con- definitely and determinately as a ducted iIi the name of the church. He distinct and separate church.

emphasized the teachings of Hus and That colony in the Kunwald val- Wyclif, and called men to return to ley was the first Protestant church.

the simple gospel of Christ and the Through many vicissitudes, it has apostles. He objected to the. union -remained unto the present day." Ac- of Church and State. He was not a cessions to their number made it sectarian, and was, therefore, free to necessary for them. to elect new criticize the faults of all. Nor was priests and seek ordination for them he a priest; he was independent of at the hands of the Waldenses. From the Pope and Rome. To his work the time of their determined stand was added the fiery .preaching of this pilgrim band increased in num- John of Rockycana, priest of the in- bers, in strength, and in the convic- fluential Thein Church, and Arch- tion that the ultimate salvation of bishop-elect of Prague. At first, this Bohemia and Moravia depended upon man used his eloquence to attempt a them. As a church, they were called harmonious settlement with Rome; the Unitas Fratrum, or the Unity of failing that, he denounced the Pope the Brethren. In derision, the term

1 51 JOHN HUS AND THE MORAVTANS

Moravians was given them by their home land found their way into Gerfoes. That pame has been perpetu- many and were allowed the shelter of ated, and is now the name of the an estate of one Count Zinzendorf. church. By their perseverance, they Under his protection, and by his were able to conserve the spirit of direction, their number was augmenthe Bohemian Reformation until the ted by new pilgrim bands and also by broader movement, almost a century German accessIOns. The renewed later, manifested itself in other coun- church adopted foreign missions as tries. Vhen Martin Luther learned its raisoll el'eire, and, since that re- JOHN HUS GOING TO THE STAKE FlVE HUNDRED YEARS AGO-JULY 6,_1015 of the Moravians, and fraternized suscitation, in I722, it has existed with them, they numbered two hundred thousand. And when the giant mainly for the purpose of carrying counter-reformation paralyzed all reform movements in Bohemia, and the Gospel to nations which need it drove the Moravian Church into exile, we are told that there were 1110st. It is a united church, with a nearly three million souls who owed their chance for religious guidance world organization, and world-wide to this church. interests. The major portion of the A small number of immigrants from the persecuted areas of .the annual mission budget is supplied by European countries now at war.

American Moravians must make up the deficiency-for they are the lineal descendants of Hus, and his spirit dominates their work. ..

Facts About Aliens in

PENTECOST REPEATED REJECTIONS, 1914 American Home Missions Proclaim Total Aliens Rejected, 33,041 Christ's Gospel in These Tongues CAUSES Albanian Hebrew Polish Insufficient or disordered men- Armenian Hungarian Portuguese tality ………. ……… 1,274 Bohemian Italian Russian Likely to become public charges …………….. 15,745 Chinese Indian Rumanian Contagious di!:>eases …….. 3,253 Croatian Japanese Ruthenian Criminals …………….. 755 Immorality ……………. 639 Danish Korean Slovak Contract laborers ……….. 2,793 Dutch Lithuanian Syrian In addition to the above, 508 were rejected in order that they might ac- Finnish Lettish Swedish company other rejected aliens who were of tender age, etc.; 718 were re- French Magyar Spanish jected because they were under 16 years of age; 330 others were reject- German Norwegian Welsh ed because they had been assisted in coming to America, and 322 Chinese Greek were debarred under provision, etc.

Thirty-one In All "Every man in his men tongue heareth the mighty ~t'orks of God"

ALIENS ADMITTED SINCE 1820 ALIENS LEAVING AMERICA Total, All Countries, 33,212,425 For Their Old Home Land 19 14 LEADING SOURCES Total aliens returned 1914 Greeks Italians ……………. Great Britain ………… 8,262,03 I Russians …………… Germany ……………. 5,605,912 Turks …………….. Scandinavia ……. : ….. 2,101,597 Chinese ……………. Italy ……………….. 4,286,719 Japanese…………… Autria-Hungary ……… 4,320,944 Russia ……………… 3,564,001 France ……………… 528,964 Switzerland ………….. 257,352 THE CREST 53,729 of the II,9IO IMMIGRATION WAVE 622 3,643 France ………….. 1847 ::20,040 8, 109 Great Britain ……… 1851 272,740 Germany ………… 1882 250 ,630 If America, through home missions, Scandinavia ………. 1882 I05,326 had evangelized these sojourners, how Switzerland ………. 1882 10,844 long would foreign missions be neces- Austria-Hungary ….. 1907 338,452 sary? Netherlands ………. 1913 Russia …………… 1914 6,902 Save America and you will save the Italy ……………. 1914 305,160 world! 287,255

to Help the

BY REV. HERBERT C. HERRING, D.D., BOSTON Secretary of the National Council of Congregational Churches WELL-KNOWN story of the Neglected Fields Survey weekly magazine re- and the successive deputations which cently said editorially: have been sent out to impress upon "It is simply shameful the leaders at the front the earnest- in this day of enlight- ness of the desire of the allied enment and cooperation Boards to plan and labor together, to squander the gifts of self-denying records the beginning of the end of people in perpetuating ecclesiastical sectarian strife in western fields.

whims and community divisions." The end would be reached much Needless to say this utterance was earlier if the Home Mission boards based on the editor's fear that Home were entirely untrammelled. But Mission organizations are doing the they are, of course, part of the net- thing condemned. All of which work of their respective ecclesias- freshly illustrates the way in which tical systems. It takes time to move even alert men can fall behind the large bodies, and the admission must movement of the times. There has be made that bishops, presbyteries, been in the history of Home Mis- associations, and conferences are not sions more than enough of sectarian infrequently found still dwelling in competition. But in the last six or the stone age of competition. But seven years, with a swiftness in things are moving. A little more some measure expiatory of past sins, time, and a few properly located Home Mission leaders have been funerals will make the overchurched learning to work together. The community unknown so far as it is Home Missions Council, organized in created or maintained by Home Mis- 1908, is the outstanding expression sion money.

of the new cooperative spirit. It The most recent movement toward enrolls the Home Mission agencies federated effort undertaken by the of all important bodies, save one or Council is in the work for immi- two, and commands .the enthusiastic grants. For over a year a sub-com- interest of its entire constituency. mittee has been endeavoring to work The Council of Women for Home out a program and put it in force.

Missions organized a year or two It was found necessary at the outset later furnishes a similar bond for to make the usual sharp distinction the eight strong bodies of women between the immigrants from Pro- carrymg on Home Mission work. testant and non-Protestant lands.

The two Councils are in close co- The man who comes from a com- operative relations. munity which has the open Book is The first field to which the Home not a problem save as all our popu- Missions Council gave its attention lation is a problem. The Swede, the was naturally the frontier. The . Norwegian, the Dane, and the Ger-

man bring their old-world organiza- mission workers; and, second, there tions to our shores and in addition was not, save in exceptional cases, hundreds of thousands of them are any thoroughgoing effort to relate enrolled in denominations which we the work at the Island with the after count more distinctly American. life of the immigrants. As to other Effort on their behalf does not differ ports of entry, Boston, Philadelphia, essentially from effort on behalf of Baltimore, New Orleans, Galveston, those born under our flag. The same Seattle, etc., there were the same rules of cooperation which apply to defects with usually the added defect an American community are in order of entire inadequacy of force. Nothwhen it is a case of a community ing could, therefore, be done save on transplanted from Teutonic Europe. the basis of a very careful exami- nation of the situation and a con- Leaving, therefore, this section of structive attempt to meet these weakour immigrant people out of view nesses. for the moment the Committee turned its attention to the great mass The two Councils were very forof Slavic, Latin, Semitic and Orien- tunate in being able at this j utlcture al life found in our nation. Vhat ought to be done? What can be to secure the services of Rev. J. H. done? Where shall we begin in the effort to comprehend the task and Selden, D.D. to undertake the task. meet it? These were the questions He brought to their service ripe exconfronting the Committee. Rather perience, a strong personality, and inevitably they found themselves first a keen enthusiasm for his work. At of all studying the situation at the the threshold of his investigations he ports of entry. A great deal of work found that the statement made over has been done here, some well, some and over again by Commissioners at ill. At. Ellis Island from fifty to Ellis Island, that the provisions for one hundred persons are enrolled as those detained beyond a few hours missionaries, Jewish, Roman, and were inadequate, has become by the Protestant. Some give their entire increase of immigrants pathetically, time, some a part. The work of even tragically, an understatement. some has ecclesiastical recognition, The United States with that curious that of others represents interde- cruelty of which all nations seem nominational agencies like the Y. M. corporately capable, has been collect- C. A., still others are employed by ing from immigrants as a head tax voluntary organizations which con- an amount vastly in excess of the duct immigrant boarding-houses and cost of maintaining its immigrant the like. Constant vigilance is needed stations, and then has neglected-reto prevent spurious missionaries- fused is the more accurate term-to grafters-from getting a foothold on provide decent accommodations for the Island. A cursory study of the those whom misfortune or fault comsituation revealed to the Committee pels to be guests for days or weeks. two conspicuous weaknesses in the With these and other aspects of his situation. First there was an almost task Dr. Selden was busy for two entire lack of cooperation between or three months, his reports arousing keen anticipation among the allied Boards when a severe illness laid him

TO HELP THE

aside temporarily, and a combination sible for the Christian Church to deof circumstances compelled him to cline it. lay down the task. So for some months this fundamental piece of co- Much more radical and far reachoperation was stayed. But the com- ing are the plans on foot for dismittee did not abandon its plan, and tributing and standardizing effort on in January, I9I5, it engaged Rev. behalf of non-Protestant immigrants throughout the country. That the J. H. Perry to be its special repre- Boards constituting the Council have not been indifferent to this call of sentative at the ports of entry, and is Providence will be evident from the again pressing on toward the goal following table showing the number originally fixt, viz. :-the securing of of missiom now maintained in each wholesome physical conditions at nationality by the leading denomiports of entry, the development of nations. The table is necessarily iman adequate and coordinated mis- perfect, but gives an approximately sionary force at each one, and the correct view of the situation. systematic effort to follow up the immigrant and help him to get hope- I f the above table suggests the ful footing in the community to interest and activity of Home Miswhich he goes. It is an undertaking sion Boards it also reveals the inabounding in perplexities and im- adequacy of the efforts thus far put possibilities. But it is not permis- forth. The inadequacy IS not a ~ -:5 .:.e; ~ 6' § No. for- -< Nationalities 'v" ,d. => 0 ;0., '§" '§" eign-born Ci. in U. S. 0 [fJ .~ [fJ " 'b/l ~ ~ en ] .s .s c: :i" Ci ~ :i :i ~ E ·S ~ v o:l 0 0- ::> :>:i U '-'l 0- :>:i Albanian 1 Armenian 27 3 5 Bohemian Slovak 21 35 41 7 41 3 400,000 Bulgarian 1 .. 13,000 Chinese 12 11 3 10 9 1 .. 57,000 Croatian .. ..1 4 1 .1. 78,000 Cuban 40,000 French 24 10 8 10 6 10 1 120,000 Greek 2 15 .. 1 …. 103,000 Hebrew .. 1.000,000 Italian 58 29 6 S4 8 74 3 16 1.354,000 5 Japanese 2 10 35 4 9 1 68,000 Korean 12 1 5 Lettish and .. 140,000 Lithuanian 5 3 9 228,000 222,000 Magyar 19 34 5 1,000,000 Mexican 7 12 44 22 59,000 66,000 Persian 1 1 80,000 Polish 12 3 2 3 20 17,000 123,000 Portuguese 3 2 2 7 Rumanian Russian Ruthenian 80 .. Servian Slovenian 1 Syrian 21 41

mere matter of quantity. Quality is 2. To ascertain which of these groups also lacking. This could not be have as many Protestant missions otherwise, since none of the Boards among them as are on the whole has thus far either the experience, desirable, with all possible inforthe funds, or the trained leaders mation bearing on this point. necessary for a thoroughly effective work. In every interest, therefore, 3. To ascertain, with details, what there is need of a concerted program groups have too many missions, of advance. At its last meeting the or missions not working cooper- Council adopted such a program. atively with others. Its keynote is found in a paragraph of the report of the committee which 4. To ascertain in what groups, now submitted the plan. "Last fall, we uncared for or insufficiently cared reminded the Council of the solemn for, new work should be opened. obligations which rest upon us in this department of our service. A 5. To ascertain what periodical litergreat multitude of our brothers and ature is in existence and what is sisters, trained in every variety of needed. faith and unfaith, belonging largely to the unprivileged classes, have in It will be seen that this is in no the Providence of God been brought sense an effort to carry out what is to our doors. An unparalleled op- technically known as "survey." The portunity to demonstrate the genuine- aim is simply to secure such primary ness of our Christian sympathy is practical facts as will furnish a basis placed in our hands. In the pres- for cooperative extension of the work ence of this great, needy, appealing already begun. When these facts mass of alien life, our differences are secured it was voted by the Counshould be forgotten, and with solemn cil that the Committee on Immigrant dedication of all our powers, we Vork should on the basis thus furshould endeavor to mass the strength nished formulate recommendations. of the churches which we represent for a great united sacrificial ministry (a) As to what should be done can" to the stranger within our gates." cerning cases of patent overlap- ping of effort. The main items of the program adopted were as follows: (b) As to what is needed to enlarge the economy and effectiveness of I. The appointment of a committee existing agencies for training consisting of representatives of the ministers. two or three Boards having the largest amount of work in a given (c) As to possible steps for providing nationality to gather all available in- periodicals in foreign tongues for formation concerning that nationality groups now unreached. on the following points: (d) As to the allocation of leadership 1. To ascertain the location, size, and in certain races to ascertain d~­ general characteristics of each nominations, with the aim, not that considerable group of the nation- any denomination shall be barred ality in question. fro111 any nationality, but that uni- fication of effort and leadership in each be secured so far as pos- sible.

(c) As to the assignment of groups now uncared for to the agency which may most fitly establish work among them.

TO HELP THE

The line of action thus indicated limited number of young Americans, may be called "modified denomi- and that men can be found who are nationalism." It does not contem- willing to give themselves to this plate union churches. All home mis- task and to fit themselves by resision executives are agreed as to the dence in foreign-speaking communiineffectiveness of this type of work. ties to do the' needed work. More Nor is it the purpose to ask any than this, a strong sentiment is rising denomination to pledge itself not to among home mission leaders in favor carryon work among any specific of union training-schools for minnationality. This would prevent put- isters. There is no visible reason ting in force the very obvious rule why each denomination which feels that the work in a given locality the obligation to attempt work on should be done by a denomination behalf of the great mass of Italians which has strong English-speaking in our land should maintain its own churches near at hand, whose aid can theological training-school. A single be enlisted. But it is purposed that strong enthusiastic faculty with a so far as possible each Board shall body of students large enough to specialize in the work among certain give fellowship and momentum will nationalities, and that in all cases produce the highest results. there shall be that sine qua non of cooperation-conference between a1 The whole task under discussion bodie:; concerned, and a conccrted bristles with difficulties. It furnishes planning for the whole field. a constant burden of anxiety to home mission execntives. As a mere The inquiry above described was matter of furnishing sectarian adpushed, and reports of utmost value vantage it has nothing to offer. -presented by peculiarly able stu- However vigorous may be the effort dents concerning the religious and so- put into it, however hopeful the recial conditions existing among the sults, they will constitute but a minor Poles, Bohemians, and Magyars- and inconspicuous feature of Ameriwere presented at the annual meeting. can Protestantism. Presumably long before large visible results are at- One very serious feature of the tained conditions will have so problem remains to be mentioned. changed that whatever has been 1t is quite idle for the Boards to at- achieved will be merged wholly or tempt an advance unless they can partly in the general life of the greatly increase their corps of effec- churches. But none of these considtive and devoted leaders. This in- erationsserve in the least to break volves the twofold necessity of en- the force of the solemn obligation listing the right men and training which rests upon l1S to seek to make them. It is a most baffling task. our neighbors who came from lands Not much can be reported in the where superstitIOn and priestcraft way of results. But prolonged study have had their perfect work, sharers has been given to the matter and a in the liberty wherewith Christ has certain amount of light appears on made us free and partakers of the ' the path ahead. In the first place grace which He bestows upon those it has been demonstrated that it is who trust Him. possible to make effective use of a

A "Jihad" Appeal to

TRANSLATION OF A RECENT CALL DISTRIBUTED TO THE MILLIONS OF ISLAM "Kill them: God will punish them in your hand and put them to shame; and ye will overcome them. He will rejoice the hearts of believers, and take away the wrath from the hearts of unbelievers." (Text of the Koran.) Oh ye faithful! Altho we are summoning you to a jihad, where is' your army? What do you wait for? The foe has summoned you on all sides with fire. See the House of God (Mecca), the point toward which all Islam turns; behold the sacred tomb of Mohammed, the object of the gaze of the faithful. Have you considered these matters? By your inaction and silence the enemy is gaining strength. What if these two sacred places s!lOuld be taken? . . .

How often have the savage Russians, the traitorous English, the French- men, born of impure parentage yet proud in their baseness, planted their un- clean flags upon your pure and holy mountains? How often have they seized you by your lifeless, spiritless feet and hands, and rolled you in the mire? Oh, you poor, helpless people of India, of the Oxus and of the orphan islands, of Tunis, and you wretched tribes of Turkey! Oh, Bokhara and Turkestan, dying under the bloody hand of Russia! Oh you falling mosques, overturned pulpits, crumbling minarets, the ornaments of the country, from which the voice of God has sounded forth; but where the proclamation of the Unity, which once made the mountains to tremble, is now heard only in whispers!

Go forth, ye Moslems, into the places of blood ami groans: there see the ruined countries of Islam, and learn a lesson. Look about you; every day the edifice erected hy Islam is being torn down stone by stone. Aside from the empire of Turkey, is there any prop left to Islam?

Oh ye people of the Unity! Read your history! Look at the despised graves of your kings! If you desire honor and glory, houris and damsels, behold all are awaiting you. Eternal joys, the shade ofgt::een trees, houris, angels are in the grasp of your sword. Think of these. Hut if you rather think of earthly things, know that weakness, dishonor, and oppression will surround you in this world like a ring of fire, and in the next world you will be cast out to live in torments. For if you throw down your arms and leave the battlefield you will bring upon your heads bitter anguish. Do you not understand this? You have become slaves of the people of the Cross. . . .

Behold! God has bestowed upon you a greater favor. The tears af the faithful for centuries past are bearing fruit. Your enemies are trembling under your hand. Attack them from every side. Vhenever you meet them, kill them. Quicken the failing proclamation of the Unity hy the fire of your rifles and cannon, and by the blows of your swords and knives. Cause the minarets and mountains and wildernesses to resound once more with the cry, "Allah 1 Allah I"

Jihad! Jihad! Oh, Moslems, blow the trumpet everywhere, of people of the Unity. The great God is ordering you to fight with your foes everywhere. God will put them to shame in your hands; He will give you the victory; He will quench the fire of their hate. Do not forget. God has purchased the souls and the property of the faithful. In exchange He gives you the houris and damsels of heaven, BY REV. ROBERT M. LABAREE, TABRIZ, PERSIA ERHAPS nothing will found a Christian population of about twelve thousand Armenians and SyrmP bett'er show the spirit ians, surrounded by a very much in which the war is larger number of Moslems. Three being waged in Persia months ago, when the Russian army than the recent mas- withdrew from this region, the sacre of Christians in greater number of Christians, realiz- Salmas. Certainly nothing more ing what would happen at the adclearly reveals the consequences of vance of the Turks and Kurds, fled injecting religious prejudices and ha- across the Aras river into Russian treds into the conflict which is ma- territory. A small portion of them king such havoc of the world. The alone remain:ed, secreted in the homes suffering and bloodshed on the plains of friendly Moslems, and scattered of France and Poland, where Chris- among the Mohammedan villages of tian is fighting Christian, are sicken- the plain. ing; but the horrors there are somewhat mitigated by some acknowledg- All that was left in the homes of ment of Christian ideals. But when the fleeing Christians was plundered. Moslem is arrayed against Christian, not only by the invading Kurds, but and a "jihad" or holy war is pro- even more by the inhabitants of the claimed by the followers of Moham- district, and the larger part of the med, all the elementary passions in booty is now hidden in the different man burst forth without check in sav- Moslem villages. The governor of age fury. this district, who is himself a Mo- hammedan, told me that he was sure Salmas, where I write, is only one that 90 per cent. of the Moslems here little spot in the world of Islam, and were implicated in this wholesale the forces involved in the conflict robbery. The Christians were the are inconsiderable and almost neg- most prosperous people of the comligible as compared with the multi- munity; so their houses were well tudes engaged in blood-letting else- furnished with all the comforts of an where. But small as the numbers are, Eastern home, and their stables were one can see what would happen if the filled with the best of cattle. They "jihad" should become general were naturally envied by their poorer throughout Moslem countries. Then ]foslem neighbors, who welcomed the wherever Mohamm~dan and Chris- popular doctrine that in the time of a tian communities touched one an- "j ihad" the property as well as the other the same awfulness of hate and lives of Christians is lawful prey to cruelty would be seen on an indefin- Mohammedans. itely larger scale. But property is a small considera- Salmas is a plain to the north of tion at such times. It was from Urumia in the extreme northwestern death–from death in its most hOl'ri·- corner of Persia, where is to be

ble forms, that the people fled. How army the day after the terrible deed well founded were their fears may be was perpetrated. But women else- seen in the recent events in the very where were not so fortunate. Take, town in which I am writing. Fa;- for example, the case of the large weeks the few who remained behind and prosperol1s village of Gulpashan, kept concealed in their various near U rumia. After the men of the hiding-places, most of them in' this village had been taken out and shot town of Dilman. They were secreted in cold blood, the women were given by Moslem friends, even against the over to the brutish will of their cap- pressure of the Turkish officials, who tors. Not a female, from the old with fiendish deten11ination sought women of seventy years down to the them out. As soon as it became little girls from seven to ten, es- known where the Christians were caped the savage lust of the fiends hidden, all the males, to the number in human form. None were spared; of aoout 750, were seized and gath- a fact that proves the crime was not ered at central points, from which the result of blind passion only, but they were taken to nearby villages, a deliberate purpose to dishonor aU bound together in twos and threes, Christian women.

and there were massacred with all Alas, such acts call forth similar the cruelty that human deviltry could acts of retribution on the part of invent. Eyes were torn out, mem- those who are called Christian, lint bers severed one by one, and parts who know not the gentleness and of the body flayed. Then all were love of Christ. There is here a band 'hacked to pieces, their bodies thrown of Armenian volunteers numberin5'

'into wells or stretched in rows under about 1,000 to 1,500 who are one ann walls which were pulled down upon of the Russian army. Smarting over them. The bodies of little boys as the massacres perpetrated on their well as of old men were found a few people in Turkey in past years, ;Lnd days later among the dead, all bear- still more over recent crimes, these 'ing marks of the awful tortures they men are burning to repay in like coin.

had endured. The, massacre was Vho can preach the theory that carried out with deliberateness and war is a benefit to humanity, that it cruelty worthy of a savage; but the develops the virile elements in men, man who planned it all was a Turk- and saves us from the self-indul- ish official who had studied in the gence that peace brings ? War in Roman Catholic College at Beirut, fact means only the calling forth of Syria. He was the son of a Jumer all that is hateful and fiendish in VaH of Van, who in the time of the man; and in no sort of conflict are massacres there had shown himself these qualities developed in more well disposed toward Christians. lurid fashion than in the miscalled * The most revolting features of the "holy wars" of the East.

"jihad" remain to be told. The women and girls whose fathers, "At least $100.000 are needed by the mission. brothers, husbands, had been thus aries in Persia to save the Christians from starv~ butchered, escaped an awful fate by in, in the mission compounds. Gifts may be sent to the REVIEW or to Spencer Trask & Co., New the timely arrival of the Russian York. marked for the "Persian Relief Fund."- EDITOR.

Missionary Dividends*

BY MR. eHAS. A. ROWLAND, ATHENS, GA.

Mr. Rowland spent five months last spring and summer in visiting mission stations in the Orient. He visited every Southern Presbyterian station in the East except three in China, and held twenty-five conferences with missionaries, seven conferences with native workers, and innumerable inteniews with ufficials, educational leaders, anel business men.

~. T HE missionaries of our centers far enough removed to prevent church in the East show rivalry, and to evangelize the province . that thev have a dear- uf Chekiang 1110rc speedily. cut understanding as 'JJ the territory they oc- Our investments in property are worth cupy. noting. In Japan, property-values are In Japall. Ve are at work in six rising so rapidly that it is a pity we did provinces. In four we work practical1y not buy more property years ago. For alonc. instance, in Tokushima, Mr. Logan's lot, which cost $r80 is worth to-day $3,750. In Korea. Ye arc located in two and his house which cost $600 would provinces-where 110 other church is at cost t9-day $2,000. work. In Korea, values are likewise going up III Chilla. Our territory is not su tremendously. Fortunately the missio'lisolated, except in :Torth Kiangsu prm'- aries purchased early and bought large incc. compounds, and the property to-day is worth many tilDes its original cost. J n In Micl-China, the work is more com- Kashing, China, Mr. Hudson bought a plicated, but a mutual understanding pre- large tract-old graves sites-at a small vails. In HangchoV, a city of a million, cost, and as a result we own there a five denominations are at work, and 1110st valuable compound. there is a union Evangelistic Committee, lhe purpose of which is to unite all the At our Birmingham Convention men Christian forces to present the Gospel to 1'ose up spontaneously and gave Dr. }. the entire city. The sphere of each V. Bradley Siro.ooo for a hospital. I church is divided by streets, and jf a saw how that money has been invested. church member moves over into another The hospital was built at a cost of section he moves his church letter as $6,000. the other $4.000 being put well. into a large compound, walls and out- buildings. Here is an investment that In Kashing we are in full possession for returns can hardly be excelled. The of the city and territory. When the records for the nine months previous to London Missionary Society came there our arrival show: Patlents treat:.:d, a few years ago our missionary, M1'. ]4,22r; Major operations under ether, Hudson, advised them to locate on the 207; Minor operations, 693; In-patients, east and leave Kashing to us. This they 330. The Executive Committee in agreed to do. When the Southern America appropriates only $50 per month Methodist came a little later they took for maintenance of this hospital. Can his advice to occupy Huchow to the you match that for dividends anywhere West, a large unoccupied center. So, in America? instead of three competing missions located in one station, we have three Recently there was built in Chatta- * From an addre~s at Charlotte and Dallas Conventions of the Presbyterian Laymen's ltIissionary Movement. DR …J W BRAOLEY's HOSPITAL SUT51EN CHINA COST $6.000 BEST TYPE MISSIONARY HOME.

SOONCHUN KOREA COST :J 2,500 CHI.IRCH KOB£: . .JAPAN COST ,'/) 750, 00 INVESTMENTS IN AMERICA AND ASIA nooga, Tennessee, a modern Southern evangelists could easily VISit all hi<; Presbyterian Church at a cost of $125,- churches and preaching stations more 000. The same amount invested in China than twice as often as he does now.

would put up twenty-one buildings like Here's your chance. The Japanese have Dr. Bradley's Hospital, or would introduced autos and have established purchase the land, build, and equip garages, so that it is easy to make use twelve such plants. There is more of a car. Figure out what investment money invested in this one church- this offers. After the initial cost of building at home than the Southern sending out the missionary has been Presbyterian Church has put into the en- met, and all his expenses while learning tire hospital equipment of its foreign the language, as weI! as his support for mission work. several years, you can double the man's The best type of missionary home in service and efficiency with one initial the foreign field is represented by onc outlay of $500. I saw this worked out located in the station at Soon Chun, in China, where one of our missionaries Korea. One man, Mr. George W. Watts, was given a motor-boat. In his provc., of Durham, N. provJdes for the ince canals' intersect the country and arc thirteen missionaries located at this sta- used everywhere instead of roads, ~o tion, and thus has the great satisfaction that now this man is able to get over of being instrumental in giving the his field twice as often as before. This Gospel to 225,000 Koreans. A mission- is a practical way for men at home to ary is allowed $2,500 for homes, so that link up with the field.

if the money spent for this one modern The liberality of our missionaries is church in America were put into nlls- noticeable everywhere. Out of their sionaries' homes abroad, sixty such slender means they give generously to homes could be built. many unprovided needs of the work, as One other comparison. The Sosai weI! as spending a!l of their time. Their Church at Kobe, Japan, was built at a willingness to bear personal discomforts cost of $750. It is a new, attractive and and their manifest love for the natives well-built edifice, the third put up for was seen over and over again, and these this church, as it had grown so in nUiTl- qualities far more than offset the weak- bers that new buildings were necessary. nesses and failings of some. They are The amount invested in the modern a splendid body of men and women.

church in America would build 166 such I have returned from Asia with the chapels in the Orient. If we are willing to conviction that during the next five give thousands of dollars for magnificent years we are destined to see a wonderful churches here, why not also buy Ull growth and development in the Chris- some investments in the Orient? Our tian church of the Far East. This con- modern church plant in this country is viction deepens day by day as I recall used only a few hours a week, while our numbers of earnest Oriental Christians mission plants in the Orient are used whom I met and talked with face to day after day, many of them twenty- face. They know Jesus Christ. He is four hours in the day. to them a reality. They love Him, and their testimony is being given daily and A Unique Investment gladly, and it is unanswerable. It costs Would you }ike to double the efficiency a man something to be a Christian over of a missionary? You can do it with a there, and because of those noble men few hundred dollars. The roads in and women who have been tested and Japan and Korea are magnificent, and found true, the progress of the Church with a small motor car everyone of our in the mission fields is assured. SOME EPISCOPAL ESKIMO CHURCH-MEMBERS IN THEIR UNDERGROUND HOUSE -(From The Spirit of MissiotlS)

the Top of the Continent*

BY THE REV. A. R. HO.RE, POINT HOPE, ALASKA Missionary of the Protestant Episcopal Church The simplicity of this story makes it all the more stIrring. A journey of a thousand miles inside the Arctic Circle during the continuous winter night is no small undertaking. Two thoughts are with us as we read: how admirable it is that by the addition of a lay helper Mr. Hoare has been set free to enlarge the sphere of his usefulness. and how trivial are the hardships of which most of us complain!

IX years have elapsed sighted the hunters turned out to help unhitch and tie up the dogs, while the mS since Eskimos, living on women bustled inside to make warm the the coast three and four igloo in order that our traveling gear hundred mile, above might be dried out. Point Hope, visited the mission and requested As soon as we had eaten our meal. baptism. At that time, knowing that cooked on a little Primus oil stove. the they were not sufficiently instructed. I people gathered to hear what the misrefrained from baptizing. but promised sionary had to tell them. From that time that I would endeavor to visit and in- until late at night they scarcely stirred, struct them in the near future. Circum- listening to the Gospel story. The roofs stances rendered this impossible until the of the igloos were so 10w that it was imarrival of an assistant last summer to possible to stand upright, and minister take charge of the school at Tigara freed and people were compelled to kneel durme, and enabled me at the beginning of ing the baptisms. The peop'e were so November to start with an Eskimo com- crowded that it was difficult to move panion and dog-team to visit along the around in order to baptize, but no sense coast as far as we could reach. Our plans of incongruity was present. Ali were provided that we should return to Point deeply in earnest, and realized the so- Hope before Christmas. in order to leave len111ity of the professions they were time to visit. during the latter part of making. the winter, Eskimo settlements scattered 50:'> miles south of the Point. J have been reading Mr. Stefansson's book. "My Life Among the Eskimos," The sea-ice had not yet come in and and am sorry to see the statement that there was very little snow on the ground, the Christianized Eskimos have' no conso that it was necessary to haul the sled ception of the real meaning of Chrisover the nigger-heads of the tundra and tianity or baptisrr" and retain ali their the jagged rocks of the Lisburne cliffs old beliefs. As regards the Eskimos of for the first sixty miles-work that was the Northwestern coast, this statement is hard both for man and beast! From that wholly inaccurate. True, certain superpoint the traveling was delightful, sea- stitions of which Mr. Stefansson speaks ice, with numerous lagoons along the did formerly obtain among these people, shore, enabling us to make our forty and no doubt do now exist among those miles a day in six or seven hours' travel. so-called Christianized Eskimos who, as Mr. Stefansson admits, have never come Word had been passed along to expect into personal contact with a missionary, us, so that we found, at various points, a but to my certain knowled~e these supernumber of natives gathered together waiting for us. As soon as we were 11" From The Spirit of j,l1issions.

stitions have been rejected by practically return trouble awaited us. The wind aU south of Barrow. changed, and an almost continuous bliz- zard drove in our faces for twenty-nine When we reached the Icy Cape La- days. The ice was blown away out to goon, a stretch of water or ice 100 miles sea, there could be no travel on the long and from two to three wide, the beach, and the lagoons were all flooded, going was all that could be desired. The owing to the great rise in the sea-level. sun was preparing for his winter's sleep, Our traveling had to be on the tundra and lazily floated up above the horizon, nigger-heads and over the hills. The like a large, round fire-balloon, illumin- sun had retired in disgust, and even the ating the surroundings with gorgeous winter twilight was of no avail, owing coloring, only to sink back exhausted to the blizzarJ. We were forced to after his brief exertion. There was very travel for some distance on the Icy Cape little wind, and just enough frosted snow Lagoon through the water; lost our way on the ice to give the dogs a footing. in the darkness and got switched up a Twenty-five miles from Icy Cape we no- river, and had to strike a compass directiced a sled putting out from the oppo- tion across country. Our dog-food gave site side of the Lagoon to intercept us. out, and no more could be obtained. OUf Waiting, we found it brought two Es- own food was very scanty, and we fed kimo men and a little girl. They had all we could to the dogs, but they wtre been watching for us; had been present terribly weak, gaunt, and emaciated. at our camp two days previously. Had listened to the instruction, but left early Travel over Cape Beaufort was both for their homes. For many years they difficult and dangerous; a side hill with had lived bad lives. It turned out that an angle of forty-five degrees, and hard they were a source of fear to the other snow, intersected by ravines, some deep, Eskimos. They had heard the teachings some shallow, of which it was impossible of missionaries, but did not believe, but to judge the depth, owing to darkness 1 while going home and discussing what We held our breath as the dogs plunged they had heard, they had come to realize down. One dog went mad in the bliztheir sin, and were desirous of leading zard, and we had to shoot him; but a better lives. "Would I baptize them merciful Providence was watching over now. and the little girl?" us, and we reached home December 26th, having been unable, in spite of all ex- Icy Cape and Wainwright, distant ertions, to get back in time for Christsixty-five miles, each have a population mas. During the trip, sixty-nine persons of about I So. Practically all at Icy were baptized and four couples married. Cape have been baptized, and those at The distance traveled was I,OOO miles. Wainwright are desirous of receiving baptism. Icy Cape is 250 miles from We were met by the sad news that a Point Hope and Wainwright 3I5. These small schooner, returning with a stock people ought not to be neglected. of goods for Point Hope, had been lost at sea during the latter part of October. From here to Point Barrow, the most Supplies for the mission were on board, northern point of the American con- and we fear that all letters sent from the tinent, traveling was good, with the ex- States from the middle of August to the ception of a two days' detention on ac- middle of September were lost. count of a head-on blizzard; but on our You are wfltmg a Gospel, Men read what you write, A chapter each day. Whether faithless or true. By deeds that you do, Friend: What is the Gospel By words that you say. According to you?

Indians as Christians *

REV. J. M. CORNELISON IjJI MAGINE Jesus saying. that time, I have never heard the slight- "Go ye, therefore, and est criticism as to his sincerity and de- votion; but on every hand unstinted , make disciples of all the praise for his stedfastness and zeal. In nat ion s, except the North American Indians, his home he holds family worship night _ the Red Men, for they and morning. He loves and is loved in will not make good disciples, since they return by his own, and is highly re- are savage and treacherous, and go back spected by his white neighbors. In the readily to their old Ii fe." Let me dis- church from time to time he holds dif- illusion any who have such an idea of ferent offices of influence in the socie- the Indians. ties, being president of the Temperance a Exhibit A. He was debauched and Society now. As a farmer he is succes's- debaucher in every vile sense of the word, ful, farming his own land and renting indulging in all the old customs of the others. He pays his debts to a penny.

Indian race, together with the newer He is a physical Hercules, not fearing vices of the white man. He was a leader to wrestle with the world's champion, in these things, and the story of it was' Frank Gotch, whom he almost threw off written alI over his wild, coarse face. the stage. He is growing to be more Now and then he attended church, and and more a spiritual power, a leader in heard the Gospel story, and observed its Christian service, and a Sabbath-school power in the lives of others. His wife teacher among his people. Such was, was a Christian. During or folIo wing one but now is, Parsons Motanic.

of his drunken carousals about seven Exhibit B. He was the most trifling, years ago, from which he came much good-far-nothing, drunken Indian, mean used up, this man got some 50rt of a to his neighbors and family. I confess moral kick. The new man simply over- that my patience many times was at the came and supplanted the old man. Then ragged edge. I am his neighbor. He the invitation was extended one Sunday couldn't be trusted with six bits to go to about that time, as is always our custom town, unless it meant a debauch, a jail in the experience meeting, this man came sentence, or a fine for his wife or some forward and said: "1 have been a bad friend to pay. When he was himself man. In all kinds of wickedness, danc- he attended church and heard the Gos- ing, gambling, drinking and adultery, pel fairly regularly. About seven years make it as bad as you can, I have sur- ago, in the same quiet way, the Gospel passed any of my friends in it all. But message touched him. He was a little now I am determined, God helping me, shaky at first, but gradually the grip to stop that way, and from this time on tightened. As I see that man to-day in to be on the side of Jesus, to follow Him, the beauty and fulness of his Chris- and to be found with Christian people. tian life, I can hardly repress the ex- All my money I have squandered in the clamation, "Oh, the depths of the riches ways of sin, when my wife and family of the love of God .which is in Christ needed it, but now I will invest it for Jesus our Lord!" As a Christian man their good." As a Christian man since he is a marvel to even the white skep- 'From The Assembly Herald.

tics. Tall and straight in physique, he ciety, exercised their citizenship with a is just as tall and straight morally. He vim. It was a solid dry vote, and helped commands their respect. He is the most to roll up the 34,000 majority in the State devoted man to his family that I ever for a dry Oregon. In the Spaulding knew in any race. As I remember how Memorial 11ovement, to erect a monuhe helped to nurse his wife back from ment over the grave of this pioneer misdeath's door, and recall his tenderness sionary and co-laborer of the martyr, and thoughtfulness in it all, it seems a Dr. Marcus Whitman, they were deeply miracle. He is the sweetest-tempered, interested, and observed the special d'ay slowest to anger, most patient man I along with the other churches of Oregon, know. He is an honored elder in the and contributed to it, In all the benevchurch, also a trustee. Both Indian and olent work of the church at large they white friends would trust him with any- take an interest. They are zealous to thing. He studies his Bible regularly, help in the evan:selization of their Inand teaches a Sabbath-school class. I dian brethren, both here and on other love him dearly as a brother in Christ, reservations. Locally they prepare big as a child of the Faith, and as a neigh- dinners, where hundreds attend in midbor he is indispensable. Such was, hut summer, at Thanksgiving, and New now is, Allen Patawa. Year's. Bands of them go to other re- servations to help in evangelistic ser- So I might go on to tell of other men vices. They love their church and its who have been gript as firmly by the services, and do not forget the assemsame Gospel message, and who show it in bling of themselves together for wortheir daily Christian lives. The lives of ship. To facilitate this worship at stated these men and wOaJen have been such a times when encamped about the church, religious and moral asset and influence many have built little one or two-roo:ned in the life of the whole reservation that houses in which to live and entertain the tone and moral standards of all have their friends. To offset the encamp:llent been elevated; Catholics are better of the wild Indians in July, with all its Catholics, and non-Christians are better orgies and immoralities, the Christians citizens. There are also women who maintain an encampment with different have "labored with me in the Gospel," features each year. Temperance was at and their labors have be~n tireless, They the. front this year. Thus they endeavor are saints and mothers in Jsrael, many to show to all that they are "the salt of of whom were Christians long before the earth" and "the light of the world," their husbands. The Christian Indians as their Master bids them to be, So I hear see and understand most social and phil- the Master say, "Go ye, therefore, and arithropic movements in their right per- make disciples of all the nations, and of spective, just as their white friends do. the North American Indians, too, for They are making fine progress in every their sturdy traits of character are an line of activity and are exceedingly am- earnest that they will make the best of bitious for their children, For example, disciples." The Gospel for the race is in the recent election, especially in the the great requirement, for there is need wet and dry issue on the ballot in Ore- only that it be interpreted in the terms gon, the Indian men and women, mem- of Christian living and that it be bers of the church and Temperance So- preached in sincerity and in love.

"What tbe Indians need is more religion and less firewater," said the grandson of Sitting Bull.

"Ve have started on God's road now, because God's road is the same for the red man as for the white man."-Chief LOlle Wolf.

In Time of War*

BY TIlE REV. ANDREW MURRAY, D.D.

"I exllort that, tirst of all, sl'.pplications, prayers, intercessions, be made for all men; for kings, and for all that are in anthority; llla! we m~y lead a quiet and peaceable life in all godliness and honesty. . . . I will therefore that men pray everywhere, li fting np holy hands." (1 Tim. ii, 1, 2, R.) – mT HE apostle Paul is going the impending judgment of Sodom. Vith – to deal with the impor- what object? That He might arouse tant questions c011necte(1 within him the spirit of humble but bold with the charge of a intercession. God wanted to teach him church. He mentions, that H (' 'i('ould listen to his intercession, first of all, the call to and give an answer. It was Abraham's prayer. That is to him one of the chief prayer that resclled Lot. marks of the Christian life, the true secret and test 0 f its reality and truth, 'hen Moses, time after time, prayed the proof that it has power with God in for Pharaoh', was this an unmeaning heaven. He asks specially for interces- show? Or was it to teach that God's sion, "that we may iead a quiet and servant should not only have the right to peaceahle life in all godliness and hon- bring His message to men, but the right, esty." In the thought of persecution or too, to ask and to promise the mercy of war, prayer wiII sncceed in gaining a the Cod who:n he proclaims. It was quiet and peaceable life as "goorl and even so when, twice over, God threatened acceptable in the sight of God." The to cast off Israel. In answer to Moses' old divines said: "eml rules the world (Ietermination rather to die than to see by the prayers of His saints." The Cod reject 1srael, God sparerl the people. words of Paul lead us to the question: Moses was to know that, of all the honor that was put upon him. this was the a Have we right. in this present war, chief and the highest-that God should listen to his 'i'oice alld fulfil his desires. definitely to ask Gud to give peace in answer to the prayer of His people? In the leaders and kings and prophets See what Scripture teaches us. of Israel we have more than one in- stance that at the voice of a man God 'hen Cod made :c1a'u in Ilis image. gave deliverance and blessing, even when it was that he, like Go~l, should be a He was ready to punish the people. Think king. God's viceroy, ruling and having of what Ezekiel says (xxii: 30) (cf. Isa. dominion over the world that God gave Iix: 16; lxii:6, 7; lxiii: 5; Ixiv:7) him. When Adam fell, God did not re- -"I sought for a man among them that voke His promise, but sought in the men should stand in the gap before Me for whom He chose for His servants to cul- the land, that I should not destroy it, but tivate the consciousness of the voice I fOllnd none." Here we have the great thct they Z( o1l1d ha'ue here on earth in the danger, to destroy the land; the only counsels of heaven, and so to train them hope, an intercessor; the terrible disapas kings and pri"~ls for the great work pointment, "I found no man"; and the of intercession and blessing. final verdict, "Therefore have I poured out My indignation." When God said of Abraham His friend, "Shall I hide from Abraham The lesson reveals God's character what I do ?" He resolved to tell him of *From The South African Pioneer.

and purpose,' and gives us the assurance Is this prayer too bold-beyond the that when His servants on earth draw reach of a child of Adam? Does not nigh with one accord with definite be- God allow men like Napoleon, in virtue lieving requests, mercy will triumph over of that kingly power of rule that He gave judgment. Let us deal with the question to Adam, but which has been so degraded as definitely and pointedly as we can. by sin, to undertake war by which mil- 11ay we ask for a speedy peace? vVould lions of lives are either sacrificed or not Christ give the answer: "According plunged into the depths of suffering and to your faith, be it unto you"? sorrow? If He allows this, will He not much rather allow one or more of the vVhat the Old Testament teaches us men of His Royal Priesthood to bring is all embodied in Christ Jesus. As Son peace and blessing to the suffering milof man He had to identify Himself with lions? Will not the prayer, "In the the race of Adam that He might be heir midst of wrath, remember mercy," made of the kingdom that Adam had lost. in the name of Christ, secure the bless- When He had accomplished His work, ing? and rose to the throne of Heaven, where He ever liveth to intercede, He left His Let us yield ourselves for the work of people, the members of His' body, here intercession to that Holy Spirit who can on earth, to carryon along z( ith Him the teach us to discover what the promise 'U'ork of intercession, and to unite in and the power of God hold out to us. bringing before God the needs of the It is not a simple, easy thing to offer our 'U'orld. vVhen we fully abide in Him, souls as a living sacrifice on behalf of keeping His commandments, and pray- our fellow men. But in the power of ing in His name, in answer to our pray- Christ it is a fruitful and most blest ers, He will do greater things through work. us than He did here upon earth. Let us take up the song of the an- Shall we not individually seek to meet gels: "Clary be to God in the Highest! God in Christ in secret with the fervent On earth peace, and good-will toward petition: "0 God, we beseech Thee, bring men." Then let us make vows that by by Thy almighty power this war to an His grace we shall yield ourselves' more end, and graciously give a speedy peace." than ever to testify to all of what our Let us remember that, for the man who God is and what His claims are, and stands in the breach in the name of the blessedness of His service, and make Christ, God is willing to do' great things. His kingdom, by His almighty grace, as Let the prayer be according to God's never before, the one object of our un- Word <lay and night, the unceasing ceasing, fervent intercession, binding habit of a soul that has given itself to heaven and earth into one at the foot plead with God, and to give Him no of His throne. rest; to stir up one's self to take hold of Him and to say-the words are pro- o Holy Father, teach us to pray; teach vided for us in God's Book: "I will not let Thee go except Thou bless me." us to believe; teach us to wait on Thee alone. 0 God of peace, for Chri~t's sake, give peace in our time.

A PRAYER FOR MISSIONS IN TIME OF WAR o God, who alone dost control the issues of this war, grant that peace and good-will may be established among Christians at home, and that the law of love which Christ thy Son has taught us may become the law of all the nations of the earth. Look upon those in the Mission Field who are suffering in this time of strife, and grant to us and to them an increased spirit of faith and love, so that the work of thy Church may be advanced and thy Kingdom established upon earth, through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen,-(S. P. G.)

DEDADTMENT

OF BEST METHODS CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK THE DEVOTIONAL SERVICE OF THE MISSIONARY MEETING (. JTJ.HE devotional service of "What shall I do with those girls?" the missionary meeting exclaimed the earnest young president of a young woman's missionary circle who affords a great oppor- was making a visit and had just received a letter from home. "Mother says the tunity for deepening last meeting was very small. Nhen I am at home to drum them up they turn I spiritual life. And deep- out very well, but when I am away the bottom drops out. I believe I'll resign." ening spiritual Ii fe is The trouble was that this young presithe most effective of all missionary dent had been placing too much depend- ence on personal urging and social atmethods-by far the best method of solv- tractions. Some interest had sprung up, but not much of it was of the heroic, ing every problem of the missionary en- self-sacrificing variety that is true to its duties no matter who is at the helm. The terprise. John R. Mott's word in regard remedy in such a case is the develop- ment of the spirit of personal accountto raising missionary money applies ability to God, and it is possible to do this, as the BEST lfETHODS editor knows equally well to other phases of the work. frpm experience, through the devotional service. "Supreme among the methods for se- The three elements in such services– curing money," he says, "is that of pro- the Bible. prayer, and sacred songl-have a power that is irresistible: bnt very few moting the spiritual Ii fe of the people. missionary workers are making full use of them. The average leader of a mis- Ahundant, cheerful, self-denying giving' sionary meeting (pastors no less than laymen and women) hurries through the is not the product of even the best-de- devotional service in order to make room for the lit('rary and social featur('s that vised human methods-altho, without follow. Too often prayer is offered largely because it is the proper thing to doubt, it is the will of God that we make do, and a p.assage from the Bible, hastily selected at the last minute, is read in an a reverent use of the best methods'-but unimpressive, perfunctory manner. AI- of a deep, spiritual movement in the 1 E?ttended articles on these subjects, with many practIcal suggestions, were printed in THE MIS~ heart. Whatever is done to make Christ SIONARY REVIEW in 1903·-"The Bible in th. Mis- sionary Meeting," in April; "Prayer in the Mismore of a reality to Christians and get sionary Meeting," in May; and ":Music in the Mis.. sionary Meeting," in June. them to render to Him a larger obe- dience-to make Him, indeed, the Lord of their lives-strikes at the heart of the financial problem of missions in the most effective manner. Doctor A. J. Gordon, whose church in Boston was such a mis- sionary force, said toward the close of his life: 'I am tempted never to beg a cent for God again, but rather to spend my energy in getting Christians spiri- tualized, assured that they will then be- come liberalized.' "

Deepening the spiritual life will win men as well as money, and will promote prayer, arouse interest in· the work, and increase attendance on missionary meet- ings.

most invariably when the BEST METHODS instances–a mere husk of real worship, editor makes the principal address at a a cumberer of the program-time, is the meeting, the leader asks, "Is there any lack of careful and prayerful planning of special passage of Scriptur<:: you would this feature, which would make it, as it Iike to have rearl?" Sometimes this is should he, of prime importance on our done out of courtesy, but in a majority yearly programs. of cases it is only too evident that no preparation has been made for the de- First of all, let us have carefully sevotional service whatever. lected and connected subjects for such meetings, definitely assigned long ahead Strengthening the Devotional Service" of time. Let the Bible study be actual study, not merely the formal concert- BY MRS. S. H. ASKEW reading of a passage chosen at random on the very day of the Pleeting. Ld the That sort of a "devotional" has your twelve meetings of your society during missionary society? Is it only the cold, the year add to your clear and definite brief-to-lifeless hymn, prayer, and Bible- knowledge of the Bible-that Book so reading, "just to open the meeting?"- wondrously rich in beautiful things to the usual "ten minutes we must allow study, susceptible of so many fascinating for the devotional," to which few attend ways of study. It is never tiresome if in spirit even if by chance they are really studied. No yawns will embarrass prompt enough to attend in body-is your devotional leader eluring a real such your "devotional?" Does the real Bible study. The business and even the and lively interest of the members be- information features of the program may gin after the "necessary devotional," seem a bit flat after such a service, but with the business of the day? Have you the devotional half-hour will prove all never comforted yoursel f as you hurried too short for the glorious good things, in ten minutes late with, "IVell , I'll only that will fairly crowd for attention out miss the devotional." of Cod's 'ord.

Friends, what is it we arc thus lightly Second, let us have sufficient time for passing over with idle indifference, or at this service-a full half-hour seems none best, hurried carelessness? Why is it so too long for Bible study, prayer, and many mind so little missing the "de- praise-God-appointed channels for the votional" of the meeting? :Vhat is the inflow to our needy souls of His aldevotional of 'Your society? mighty wisdom, love, al1cl power. Twenty minutes can he made to "do," but thirty' Sometimes I almost long for a strong, is better, with fifteen for husilcE'«, and new name for this feature of worship in twenty to thirty more for information. our women's meetings. a name to awaken us to the strength and light and life-giv- Third, let your hy111I1S and prayers be ing power such worship might be for us grouped around your Bible subject. Your at every devotional service. I long for a hearts will long to express themselves new vision of what Bible study and after the light of heaven has streamed prayer and praise, together, may mean into your souls through God's Word. for us', individually and as societies. Fourth, let your devotional subj ect I believe one great reason the devo- have a definite and practical bearing on tional service has become-in so many your other subjects for study, or on your own particular problems as a society. 2 Reprinted from The ~fissioll,ary SUrL'ev. The Make them fit your needs, then they will Woman's Auxiliary of the Southern Presbyterian meet those needs. Church is putting special emphasis on the Devotional Service. Besides this article, Mrs. Askew Does your society lack genuine interis the author of several excellent leaflets bear- est in missions along certain lines? Have ing on the subject. "The Devotional in the Missionary Society,H which may be obtained from the a Woman's Auxiliary, Peachtree and Tenth Streets, Atlanta, Ga., for 2 cents copy, is full of helpful suggestions.-B. M. B.

OF BEST METHODS

you some members not quite sure they and the late-comers straggling in caused believe in some one phase of your work? so many interruptions that it was impos- Here is your surest remedy-let in the sible to secure undivided attention, no light of God's vVord. There is no answer matter how impressive the devotional to a "thus saith the Lord" for a Chris- service was made. So she adopted the tian woman. plan, new to her, of beginning with prayer and then taking up the business Twelve half-hours of a prayerful, of the day. By the time this was over, planned-for Bible study together will practically all who were coming had ardo more than any other thing we can de- rived and were comfortably seated. Then vise towarcl solving our problems, fill- she began t~ devotional service, making ing our souls with a great love for a it as impressive as she could. There was suffering world and for our victorious a hrief, tho strong, study of God's 'Nord, Savior, and planting within us a daunt- and quiet, unhurried waiting on God in less determination to do nothing less prayer. The result was even beyond than our best to give Him to this suffer- what she had hoped for. ing world. Is this not God's own plan for us? Then let us try it no ,[' ! Meanwhile, on the other side of the world a group of missionaries in China A NEW ORDER OF EXERCISE was trying the same experiment with equal success. Through the kindness of It has always been customary to place the Rev. Charles E. Ewing, missionary the devotional service at the beginning of the American Board in China, we of the missionary meeting. Theoretically learned of this at Silver Bay last sumthis is correct. All service, to be ac- mer. ceptable, should begin with the worship of God. "At the annual meeting of our North China Mission, which lasts one week," Yet in these busy days, when we are so he said, "the devotional service had alcareless about coming on time, the ques- ways been placed at the beginning of tion of securing an uninterrupted period each session. The result was that only of quiet for the devotional service has about half the members were present to become a matter of grave concern. It participate in it. Some cut it altohas puzzled many a missionary leader, gether and others came in late, thereby not only of women's and young people's disturbing the quiet. At last the promeetings but of the church missionary gram cO!1111li ttee took the liberty 0 f prayer service as well. From several changing the oreler and placing the desources, each acting without the knowl- votional set'Vice in the middle of the edge of the others, the solution has come sessIOn. The results were even beyond of beginning the meetings with prayer, what had been hoped for, and everybody but postponing the regular de votional was so delighted with the new order that service until some later period in the pro- it was made a permanent thing, the rules gram. being changed to provide for it.

A year or' so ago a new president was "The advantages of the change are as elected in a missionary society that was follows: in bad shape, both in regard to interest and attendance. She is a deeply spiri- "I. Everybody is present for the devotual woman, and felt that one of the tional service. greatest powers she could use in lifting up this dying society was the strong "2. Absolute quiet reigns', with no disdevotional use of Bible study and prayer turbance. in the meetings. But only a small proportion of the members came on time, "3· In important discussions a place is reached where great need is felt for prayer, yet under the old plan there was

no time to give to it, and it was hard to I. A large proportion of the societies get into the spirit of it." represented do not include the devotional service in their programs. This does not Still another testimony to the value of mean, of course, that it is omitted, but changing the place of the devotional ser- merely that it is taken for granted that vice is to be found in the skeleton year- such a service will be held, and that it is books recently compiled by Miss Emma 110t necessary to make special mention Roberts for the Woman's Auxiliary of of it. In such societies the service is the South Presbyterian Church. In the usually brief and unimportant, and the excellent programs provided for in this president, as a rule, leads them all. little booklet the new order is observed throughout. Provision is made for prayer 2. Of the societies that include the and the singing of a hymn at the be- devotional service in the printed proginning of each meeting. Business fol- gram the large majority give the name lows, and after it the regular devotional of a special leader for each program. service, consisting of a hymn, a Scripture lesson, and a season of prayer. Making the Prayer Service Effective'

A Word About Leaders A WORD TO LEADERS Who shall lead the devotional service? 1. Do not wait until the hour of the The pastor, in the church missionary meeting to ask the members to take part prayer meeting? The president, in the in prayer. Ask them weeks ahead. It woman's missionary society? The chair- requires quiet meditation to prepare for man of the missionary committee, in the public prayer. young people's society? 2. In asking those who have never led The answer is the same for all-Who- in public prayer, do not make the re- ever is best fitted for the task, be it pas- quest before others. This makes it easy tor, president, chairman of the mission- to say, perhaps with a laugh. "Oh. I ary committee, or individual members. could never do that." Arrange to meet them alone. and make it a matter of Shall one person lead all the devo- conscience. They may refuse, of course. tional services or shall a different but it will not be with a laugh. Do not leader be appointed for each meeting? ask for an immediate answer. Tell them There is much to be said on both sides. to wait and talk with the Heavenly Father before letting yOU know. Such "If one person who realizes its im- qt1i~,t talks often bring the answer, ''I'll port,"3 says Mrs. Raymond, "has entire try. charge of the devotional part of the meetings for the year, it will be the most 3. Help beginners by arranging for carefully planned feature, every verse three or four brief prayers or for a of Scripture, every hymn, every prayer chain of sentence prayers. Many who contributing to the one aim of the pro- have begun in this way have developed gram." into prayer leaders of very great power.

On the other hand, if there are many A WORD TO MEMBERS who are capable of "rightly dividing the word of truth," it would seem wise to let I. When asked to take part in public them do it in turn. prayer, do not refuse, but go at once to your closet, shut the door, and tell your The BEST METHODS editor has a large Heavenly Father your weakness and number of year-books of missionary so- fear. cieties that she has been collecting for years. A study of these reveals the fo!- 2. Ask Him to fill your mouth with lowing facts: suitable words. As you go about your daily duties, whenever the work of the 3 See "The King's Business." by Maud W. Ray~ meeting comes into your mind, lift your mond. page 230. heart to God and continue to ask Him to help you.

3. Look up instances of prayer in the Bible, and just before starting for the meeting, go away again by yourself. If you will only thus try, the result will be right.

• Adapted and arranged from a leaflet by Mrs. E. :McEwen. of the Woman's Board of Foreign MisM sions of the Canadian Presbyterian Church.

Series of Topics Myself"; February, The Prophecies; March, Giving; April, Our Guide; May, Judging from the year-books, the God's Calls and Men's Answers. number of societies that assign special topics for the devotional service of the Several societies used the following se- missionary meeting is very small, and ries of topics on "The Genesis of Mis- the number using series of related topics sions," given in THE MISSIONARY RE- still smaller. The average missionary VIEW in April, 1903, page 284: society is, thel'efore, losing a great op- portunity for systematic and helpful L The Missionary Covenant. Genesis (tho necessarily brief) study of God's xxii: 18. Word. Some societies, however, are alive to the possibilities of the devo- 2. Missionary Messages of the Prophtional service and their year-books con- ets. tain suggestions well worth adopting. 3. Missions in the Hebrew Hymn-book Along the line of related topics, studies (The Psalms). of the women of the Bible seem to be especial favorites in women's societies. 4. The Messiah Missionary. The characters studied include Ruth and 5. Missionary Keynotes of the First Naomi; Lydia; Esther; Deborah; Dor- Christian hymns (The Benedictus, Luke cas; Mary and Martha; Mary the i: 68-79; The Annunciation to the Shep- Mother of our Lord; Hannah, the Model herds, Luke ii: 10-12; The Nunc Dimittis, Missionary Mother; Miriam the Singer; Luke ii : 29-32. The Ideal Woman of the Bible; The 6. The Great Commission. Widow and her Mite; The Little Syrian 7. The Birthday of Christian Missions Maid; The Shunamite Woman; The (Pentecost) . Widow of Zarepta; The Woman of 8. The Divine Program of Missions, ~amaria; The Nomen Friends of Jesus; Acts i: 8. Paul's Helpers in the Gospel; Eunice and 9. The City Missionary Period, Acts Lois. ii: 42-viii : l. 10. The Home Missionary Period, Acts An excellent series on the offices and viii-xii. person of Christ was used by the Wo- 11. The Foreign Missionary Period, Acts man's Foreign Missionary Society of xiii-xxviii. Grace M. E. Church, Rockford, Ill. The 12. Missionary Messages of the Epistles. twelve topics were as follows: I. Christ the Child; 2. Christ the Man; 3. Christ The following topics used by the the Son of God; 4. Christ the Healer; 5. Young Woman's Missionary Society Christ our Teacher; 6. Christ our King; of the Second Presbyterian Church, 7. Christ the Servant; 8. Christ the Springfield, Ohio, is worthy of commen- Prophet; 9. Christ our Leader; 10. Christ dation because of their appropriateness, our Shepherd; I I. Christ our Savior; 12. in some cases for the special month to Christ the Light of the World. which they were assigned; in others, to the general topic of the program. They Another excellent series, not closely have evidently been selected with unconnected, yet timely and calculated to usual care. be a real spiritual help, was used by the Woman's Missionary Association of the lune–"Thoughts from the First Sermon First Church, United Brethren of Christ, in America in the Nati'e Tongue.'" (Out- Fostoria, Ohio. It is as follows: Oc- door meeting in the park.) tober, Tithing; November, Praise; December, The Great Christmas Gift; Jan- luly-"God's Choice." r. Cor. i: 26-29. uary (New Year) Consecration-"Me, August-"Ca'rey's Motto" (Carey's birth-month) : "Attempt great things for God, Expect great things from God."

5 Eliot's sermon to the Indians on Ezekiel 37: 9, 10. Nothing could be more appropriate for an outdoor meeting. See HPioneers and Foun· ders," by Chadotte 1.1. Yonge.

September-"Great Men of God," led by made for a hymn, the reading of the the pastor. (Evening meeting, with the Bible, and prayer. The closing service men invited.) consisted of a hymn, the recitation in unison of a singIe text of Scripture, dif- Octooer-"The Birthday of Christian ferent for each meeting, and the Lord's Missions." Prayer, also in unison. Both creed and texts were printed in the year-book, but N ovember-"How much owest thou unto they could also be printed or written on my Lord?" (Thanksgiving.) a blackboard or sheet of cardboard. The creed, slightly changed to adapt it to December-"The First Christmas Gifts." both home and foreign missions, was as (Christmas.) follows: January-"The prospect is as bright as We believe In God the Father and in the promises of God." (New Year's out- Jesus Christ his Son, our Lord. look.) We believe it is our duty to proclaim February-"The Divine Program of to all, at home and abroad, the message Missions." of salvation that God has provided through the death of His Son. March-"The Syro-Phoenician Woman." April-"The King's Business requireth We, therefore, promise to send the haste." (Annual meeting with reports of Bread of Life by the hands of our misthe year's work.) sionaries, to all who have it not.

Concert Wark We promise to pray for our mission- aries. "Can you remember any devotional service, either in connection with your Ve promise to do all in our power for own meetings or the church missionary the spread of the Gospel in the whole prayer service, that has made a deep im- earth that Christ's Kingdom may come. pression on your heart and mind?" the BEST METHODS editor asked the secretary A MISSIONARY PRAYER SERVICE of a woman's missionary meeting in a Baptist church not long ago.. PREPARED BY MRS. EDWIN C. GRICE, "No," she replied, after a few mo- PHILADELPHIA, PA. ments thought, "I don't believe I can." Then, after thinking again, she added, Editor of "The Church Prayer League Leaflet" "At our last meeting Mrs. H .. who led the devotional service for us, did not read (This service is arranged to cover misa passage from the Bible as is custom- sionary work as a whole, but it can be ary, but asked us all to repeat the Great readily adopted to the needs of any given Commission (Mark 16: IS) in u·nison. field. Vhere a given district or mission This imprest me, and others also of is considered, the names of workers and our women." places should be mentioned, and definite needs presented. The 1110re personal an.d Concert work of this kind was made a real the intercession, the more full 0 f strong feature of a series of home and power it may become. foreign missionary programs issued for women's missionary societies some years The leader shou:d carefully prepare in ago by Mrs. A. B. Houston and Mrs. advance the plan that is to be carried out. Howard Eckert of Cincinnati, Ohio. In Four helpers should be chosen, care being these very excellent programs two de- taken that they are believers in the votional periods were provided for, one power of prayer, and that sufficient time for the opening of the meeting, the other, is given them prior to the meeting that a very brief one, for the close. The they also may be prepared.) opening period began with the recitation in unison of a missionary creed fornlU- I. PERIOD OF SILENCE lated by Mrs. Emily Heis~er of Bridge- (This is a most valuable preparation ton, N. J., after which provision was for prayer-a time for collecting

15] DEPARTMENT OF BEST METHODS

thoughts and preparing to enter the No.2-Let us thank God: audience chamber of the King of Kings.) For all the opportunities and open- ings that lie before us for the ex- Call to Silence. Let the leader say: tension of His Kingdom. "Let us remember the presence of Silence God; let us lift up our hearts No. 1-"You have gained a new sense of To God the Father: to whom we pray; the honor of your place in the Church of To God the Son: through whom we pray; Jesus Christ when you have realized that it To God the Holy Spirit: in whom we falls upon you to be the fellow-worker with Christ in the uplifting of the nations of the pray." world."-ARCHBISHOP OF YORK.

Sitence for a minute. No.2-Let us thank God: Hymn repeated in unison (all standing For our high calling as ministers and or kneeling) : messengers of Christ. Silence "Come, Holy Spirit, Heavenly Dove, With all thy quickening powers; No.1-H One feels that it is worth while to be a missionary if it were only to see for Kindle a flame of sacred love one's self at first hand the wonderful work- In these cold hearts of ours." ing of the Holy Spirit."-Letter from a missionary. 2. BIBLE READING No.2-Let us thank God: (The following passages, if copied and For the presence and power of the read by the leader, give the promise and Holy Spirit revealed in the mission fulfilment of Scripture, out of which field. grow all missionary effort.) Silence Gen. I: 27,31; Gen. 3: 15; Is. 9: 16; No. I-HOne of the purposes for which Matt. I: 21;6 Ps. 2: 8; John 10: 10; John missions exist is the final abolition of war; 17:3: John 12:32; Ps. 68:11 (Revised their message is that of the Prince of Version); Rev. 7: 9,14,16,17,12. Peace. To make heathen nations Christian is one of our tasks; the other, still harder, 3. THANKSGIVING is to make Christian nations Christian."- (Let helper No. I read the quotations The Spirit of Missions. and helper NO.2 give the call to prayer, after each of which there should be a No.2-Let us thank God: brief period of silence, so that each in For the blessed knowledge of the his own way may lift his heart to God). Prince of Peace and the certain faith that through His power alone No. I-"There has never been a time in will" "wars be made to cease to the the history of the Church when there have ends of the earth." been more signal triumphs in difficult fields Silence than during the past d~cade."-JoHN R. MaTT. No. 1-"111 power is given unto me in heaven and in earth; go ye and teach all No.2-Let us thank God: nations; 10, I am with you always."-The For the signal victories of the Church Bible. in heathen. lands. Silence No.2-Let us thank God: For the definite promise of Christ's io. I-"The Church of Christ is within presence to the end. sight of greater victories than any she has Silence yet won; or, if faith and sacrifice be lacking, of failure only commensurate with the Missionary hymn (sung by all standing). opportunities lost." – Church Missionary Society General Review. 4. MEDITATION ON PRAYER 6 A passage from II Esdras (Apoerapha) is also (Quotations read by the leader or by helpful in its thought: "For evil shall he put out four persons previously appointed. A and deceit shall be quenched. As for faith it shall moment for quiet meditation should folflourish, corruption shall be overcome, and the low each.) truth whieh has been so long without fruit shall be declared."

"We must just go to God in our difficul- No.4-Let us pray: ties and lay them all before Him, as a child would do to its mother, and all will be well." That the Church of Christ may carry -The last words of Bishop Wilkinson. forward her missionary campaign Meditation "Prayer brings power. Prayer is power. in the spirit and power of prayer. The time of prayer is the time of power. Prayer is tightening the divine dynamo so Silence that the power may flow freely without loss or interruption."-S. D. GORDON. No. 3-"Let us remember always that the Meditation great aim of missions is Christian- "What the Church needs to-day is not more machinery or better; not new organi- ity, not civilization; the knowledge zations nor more and novel methods; but men whom the Holy Ghost can use-men . of the Master, not necessarily nor of prayer, men mighty in prayer."- BOUNDS. primarily the knowledge of the Meditation market-place." "Spiritual work is taxing work, and men are 10th to do it. Praying, true praying, No.4-Let us pray: costs an outlay of serious attention and of time, which flesh and blood do not relish." That the motive for missionary en- -BISHOP BRENT. deavor be kept pure. Silence.

Meditation No. 3-"1 f there is anything wrong with 5. INTERCESSION your life it will lie at one of these three (Leader assisted by helpers 3 and 4.) points-imperfect surrender, inadequate Leader: "Let us pray. "Let thy merciful ears, 0 Lord, be faith, broken communion."

open to the prayer of thy humble ser- No.4-Let us pray: vants; and that we may obtain our pe- That all missionary workers and stutitions, make us to ask such things as shall please Thee; through Jesus Christ our dents preparing for service may Lord. Amen." (Other prayers may be used here at the leader's discretion.) have a fuller consecration of life.

Helper No. 3-"It would mean a mighty Silence impulse onward were all churches in our land to institute during the year a weekly No. 3-"If we could convert the clergy hour of prayer for the mission work at home and abroad."-Clturch Prayer League and make them a living force for missions Quarterly. the work would be done in a week. It lies Helper No.4-Let us pray: That the Boards of Missions every- with you to make them more missionary. where may be moved to call upon the Church at large for united Pray for those who are slack and do prayer and intercession for mis- sIOns. nothing."-CANON TUPPER CAREY. Silel1ce. NO.4-Let us pray: No. 3-·-"Every step in the progress of missions is directly traceable to prayer. It That the clergy may be men of has been the preparation for every new triumph and the secret of all success."- prayer and diligent in teaching the ARTHUR T. PIERSON. people how to pray. Silence Silence No. 3·-Mention by name mlSSlOnanes lately gone to their fields, and tell their lo- cation.

NO.4-Let us pray: That especial blessings may rest upon the missionaries already at work and those lately gone to their fields. Silence The Apostles' Creed and the Lord's Prayer (repeated in unison while still kneeling or with bowed heads).

Leader (in closing) : "Look, Father, look 011 His anointed face, And only look on us as found in Him; Look not on our misusings of Thy grace, Our prayer so languid and our faith so dim; For lo! between our sins and their re- ward, We set the Passion of Thy Son our Lord." Benediction Silel1ce

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MISSIONADY NEWS ISLANDS OF THE SEA A Convert..d Warrior Seeking a Name for God in Papua THE name of Mali Patu, of Nagugu, New Hebrides-who lately passed A MISSIONARY among the Papuans away-may not be familiar to many of writes to the London Missionary' So- our readers. He was a true servant of ciety Chronicie: Our great inquiry has God, a Christian chief, a convert from been for the word to translate our word heathendom. Dr. Taylor (now of Korea, "God." The word we have had, equiva- but formerly of the New Hebrides) lent to "ghosts," did not express any- writes of him: "On one occasion I obthing else to their minds. Only a few tained permission from an old heathen had learned that our particular Ghost chie f to preach the Gospel to his tribe. or Spirit has attributes of the Creafor. I got Mali to take part. After pressing The inquiry for another name has been the Savior's claim upon the assembled fraught with immense interest. Their natives, he said: 'Do you doubt that Totem personalities are credited with Jesus can change your hearts? Well, bringing into being the things around remember the old days when I and my them, and are called by the generic name tribe were your enemies, and always for totem. One night, at the big village eager to fight. Now our hearts are matle of Topiri, I said that they believed in new, and we love you and want you to several gods or creators, but that I had trust Jesus' as we do.' " a God to tell them about who was before the world and aU things, the God of Talking Shoes their gods. The interest was intense, and they asked me His name. I told THE South Sea Islanders are very them He had none, for names are only proud if they can get hold of a pair needed by created things, and it was by of European shoes. They are especially His power aU things came into being. gratified if they acquire a pair that Now the Papuan word for "power" is squeak, or, as they call them, "shoes that the word for "heat," also "breath," and tal!<." A story is told of a South Sea one man caught at the word and gave Islander, who came into church with Him a name-Siahu-vita the Powerful shoes merrily a-squeak. He walked One, the Heat-giving One, the Breath- proudly to the front and, removing these giving One. The interest almost became shoes, dropt them out of the window, so excitement, and they kept me talking til1 that his wife might also have the pleas- I was exhausted. They went to the vil- ure of coming in with "talking" shoes. lage, and next morning I was told that the people scarcely slept aU night, owing Luke's Gospel for Head-Hunters to their interest in this theological discussion. It is the first time that I have ABOUT ISS,OOO of our fellow-citizens seen them excited about religious things, of the Philippines are the Igorrotes, The seed has been sown, and it is going who are at once the most remarkable to burst into harvest some day. rice-terrace builders among savages, and on occasion are relentless head-hunters,

the gruesome spoils being often the proof Japanese officers' and men. On the occa- of devoted lovers. sion of the presentation of these Bibles, Miss Waterman, of the Episcopal Vice-Admiral Kuroi spoke in substance Mission, has described the difficulties en- as follows: countered in her translation of Luke's "The Bible unifies the nations. Presi- Gospel, which follows Mark, the first dent and Mikado may meet upon the book printed in their language-in 1908. broad ethical truths of the Scriptures. If Figurative expressions like "the key of these 1,500 sacred volumes are not read, knowledge," "devour widows' houses," the fact that they were given by Ameri- "the son of peace," "wisdom is justified can citizens to Japanese youths in train- of her children," etc., proved hard lin- ing for the navy is an act of good faith guistic problems. Miss Waterman feels and fraternal good-will. Bibles are dif- that, even tho faulty, those parts of the ferent from battleships, but the civiliza- Gospel most needed in teaching will be tion of the Book will live longer than understood and carry the right message the ship bristling with big guns."

to the hearer. A prayer often. offered Ten Yeats' Presbyterian Growth for the Igorrote people runs: "Give us tongues to speak and give them ears to THE Southern Presbyterian Church hear the message of redeeming love"; has issued the following statistics, and the missionaries confidently believe that both petitions will be heard.-SlIn- showing the growth of its foreign misday-School Times. sionary work in the last decade: NORTH AMERICA Per cent. 1904. 1914. Increase.

Foreign Mission- Churches of Italian Immigrants aries ……….. 193 337 74 JN 19II there were, according to Dr. Native Force …. ,. 220 1,191 441 Morse of the Bible Mission to Italians in Hartford, 250 Protestant Italian Out-stations (places churches in the United States. The number to-day is presumably consider- of regular ably greater. The Catholic Directory meeting) ……. 279 1,013 263 Communicants …. 8,743 29,700 240 Adherents …….. 14,127 100,318 610 Sunday-school gives the number of Italian Roman Membership …. 5,176 30,099 481 Catholic churches in the United States Pastor Fetler'. New Work as 150. The "Old North Church" of Boston, Christ's Church (Episcopalian), PISTOR WILLIAM FETLER, exiled with its memories of Paul Revere and from Russia and made uncomfortable the Revolution, is now in the heart of in Sweden, is in New York city at the a large Italian population which has, present time, where he haS' been emto a great degree, turned its back on ployed by the Baptist Home Mission So- Rome. The Episcopalians of Boston ciety to work among the Russians in our have appointed Miss Lillian Skinner, country. It will be a new experience for long resident in social centers in this Mr. Fetler to work for his Master and part of the city, to open up religious- at the same time to be free from the essocial enterprises among these New pionage and persecution of the govern- Eriglanders. ment. When Mr. Fetler reached New York he was met by Rev. C. W. Fin- Bibles and Battleships wall. On the way uptown from the DURING a recent visit of some of the steamer Mr. Fetler raised his hands and best of the Japanese cruisers to the thanked God that he at last had reached Pacific coast, the American Bible So- a land where he would not be perse- ciety presented over 1,500 Bibles to the cuted for his religion; and he prayed

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that some time he, or, if not himself, his Mennonite ……………………. 4 little son, might return to Russia and Methodist Episcopal …………… 25 preach the Gospel to his countrymen Methodist Episcopal, South …….. 9 without fear or hindrance. Mormon ……………………… 3 National Indian Association ……. 7 The Y. M. C. A. and the Indian Norwegian Lutheran …………. . Norwegian' Evang. Luth. Society .. . "rHE failure of the American churches Presbyterian, Northern ………… 57 effectively to reach the Indian popu- Presbyterian, Southern ………… 2 Protestant Episcopal …………… 13 lation accounts largely for the "Indian problem." One of the most useful agen- Reformed Church (Dutch) …….. 6 cies in dealing with this is the Y. M. Reformed Church (German) …… 1 C. A. There are to-day a hundred reser- Reformed Presbyterian ………… 3 vation Young Men's Christian Associa- Swedish Ev. Miss. Covenant …… . tions, with a membership of over 2,500 United Presbyterian …………… 2 young men. These Associations are largely supervised by a native board of The total of tribes labored with is 175. directors. The Associations support their own field secretary, and are paying Among them 456 Protestant churches the salary of a native secretary in India are organized, while at 556 stations serv- -the first foreign missionary supported ices are held, tho no congregations are by our American Indians. organized there. The number of or- dained clergymen among them (white) This movement has spread over the is 211, and 222 native pastors. There are border into Canada, carried there by In- 31,880 communicant members, and dian young men, and to-day there are 66,994 adherents. The enrolment in some 200 members in a half-dozen As- the Sabba.th-schools is 18,395, while in the mission schools 2,007 are enrolled.

sociations in Manitoba and Saskatche- The Negro Year Book wan. Already the impact of this Christian Association movement in the Indian OUR office takes pleasure in acknowlstudent bodies is being felt. Student edging the receipt of a copy of the Christian Associations are increasingly becoming great recruiting centers for na- Fiftieth Anniversary Edition of the tive leadership for the evangelization of Negro Year Book. It is issued by the the race. Tuskegee Institute, Alabama, and con- tains accurate and concise information. This book is published annually, grow- Missions Among Indians ing out of many inquiries concerning the history and progress of the negro race. REPORT of the eighth annual meet- All the facts about the negro in America ing of the Home Missions Council. are brought down to date. The census just published, brings us some very inter- reports' show that there are now very esting information concerning the pres- few, if any, pursuits followed by whites ent status of mission work for the in which there are not some negroes. Indians of the United States. It shows There are over 50,000 in the professions that the following churches labor at -teachers, preachers, lawyers, doctors, present among them: dentists, editors. Thirty thousand are Tribes engaged in business of various s"Orts. Baptist, Northern ……………. 20 Baptist, Southem ……………. . Fifty years ago there were in the South Christian Reformed …………… 2 • no negro architects, electricians, photo- Congregational ………….. '…… 6 graphers, druggists, dentists, physicians; Friends ……………………… 10 no negro owners of mines, cotton mills, Independent Evangel. Mission …… 4 dry-goods stores, insurance companies, Lutheran (Joint Synod) ………•• 1 publishing houses; no newspaper edi-

tors, no undertakers, no real-estate those who pay it no other contribution dealers, and no hospitals managed by IS asked.-Spirit of Missions. negroes. In 1913 negroes were manaJinJ all the above enterprises. They are A Canadian Indiana and Eskimo editing 450 newspapers and periodicals. CCORDING to a census taken this They own 100 insurance companies, year there are lO6.490 Indians and 300 drug stores, and over 20,000 3.447 Eskimo in the Dominion of Cangrocery and other stores. There are ada. making a total native population 300,000 more negroes working in the of 109,937. No returns as to the retrades and in other occupations requiring ligious belief of the Eskimo are availskill-blacksmiths, carpenters, cabinet- able, or of 22,217 Indians. Of the n~akers, masons, miners. remaining 84,273 Indians, only 9,437 (one-third of the number being in A Hawaiian Association Ontario) registered themselves as pa- gans. In the regions in which the work 'THE Hawaiian Evangelical Associa- of the Church Missionary Society has tion has just issued its ninety- lain, namely, in Alberta, British Col- umbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Northsecond annual report. Hawaiian church- west Territories, and Yukon, there are es have shown genuine courage and 63,341 Indians. The census does not spirit worthy of their ancestry in that, state the religion of 3,006 of those in notwithstanding troubles along indus- British Columbia, of 1,988 in Saskattrial and financial lines, they have in- chewan, or of any of the 8,030 in the creased their benevolent contributions Northwest Territories or the 1,389 in nearly $2,000. Missionary opportunities Yukon. About one-eighth (6,267) of and openings for new work f<tirly press the test are returned as pagans. Among upon the officials of the Board, not those enumerated as Christians II,542 on~y among native Hawaiians, but are Anglicans and 20,962 are returned among the Chinese in Honolulll, the as Roman Catholics. A very large pro- 14,000 Filipinos, and the many Japan- portion of the Indians whose religious eoe. The association gave last year to belief is not stated are known to have the work of the American Board been baptized by Protestant mission- $7,8~)I, of which $S,4lO represents the aries. Easter collection taken at Central Union Church, Honolulu. The churches LATIN AMERICA listed by the association number lOS. with a total membership of 8,828 and A Missionaries Return to Mexico lOS ministers in service. LL the missionaries of the Presby- terian Board of Foreign Missions in Self-Imposed Income-Tax Mexico left the country in May, 1914. A few have now returned. Conditions A NOVEL plan has been devised in are still very chaotic, but not without a church in Milwaukee, and that is hope. One worker writes: "We found the adoption of a self-imposed income- our people scattered and frightened, but tax for church purposes. The agree- were able to get together a goodly numment among members of the congrega- ber of those who had returned to the tion is that all those having an income Port, and it was a joy to see how they of one thousand dollars or less will pay took heart and declared their readiness 2 per cent. to the church. Those who to go on with their regular services. We have larger salaries pay a larger per- are so glad to be here at a time when centage. On an income of three thou- our people need everything that we can sand dollars and over, the rate is 5 per do for them, and are so appreciative of cent. This payment is in full, a'nd from

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

our presence and endeavors in their be- intelligence has secretly, if not openly, half. Thanks to our Heavenly Father rejected. In Europe they meet the writwe are in no danger, and the Americans ings of the destructive critics, which conare at liberty to look on the rushing here firm them in their belief that Christianity and there of soldiers without the least can not be accepted by an intelligent fear that any of the demonstrations' are man. Hoping to do a service to thou- 'anti-American.' By day and night we sands of their fellow countrymen who .go where we like, and no one seems to are in the same disturbed state of mind, think of our being out of place. I am full they translate into Portuguese the works of hope that the churches will soon enter of the destructive critics. We have, upon a greater career of usefulness than therefore, in Brazil a fund of such literhas ever characterized their endeavors ature, and it is increasing rapidly. Men in the past." are putting their money into its publica- tion as a business venture; and, judging As soon as conditions pern~it, all the from the way in which hungry-souled missionaries from Mexico now on fur- men are reading it, the publishers will lough will return to their fields. suffer no financial loss. If we had at our command the necessary means, we could Putumayo Misaion Abandoned publish in Portuguese an adequate Chris- tian literature designed to offset this in- THE directors of the Evangelical fluence and give thinking men an intelli- Union of South America have con- gent foundation for faith in Christ and cluded that the establishment of a Prot- God. estant mission in the Putumayo region is now impracticable. This decision is EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN based upon the reports of two commissions which were ~ent out to study that Distribution of Gospel. to Soldiers country. They found it practically an The Scripture Gift Mission continues uninhabited wilderness, the savages who its helpful activity among the soldiers. once dwelt there having been either ex- French and Flemish services are being terminated or driven out. The survi- held in many places in England for the vors are so few, scattered, and continual- Belgian refugees, and through the misly moving, that any settled work among sion many thousands of attractive copies them would be quite impossible. On the of the Gospels have been distributed, upper reaches of the river, where the and gladly received and read by them. largest numbers of Indians are found- The news from Russia still continues tho still but few-government subsidized to be encouraging, and Scriptures are missions, under the control of the Ca- being sent to every part of the vast Empuchin F!lthers, have been established pire where soldiers are either fighting with not only civilizing, but very definite battles of their country or are mobilized political ends in view; and the establish- to proceed to the front. The simple ment of Protestant work in that region faith of the Russian soldier is being evi- IS absolutely forbidden. denced more and more, and it is found that many of the regiments never go Atheism Takinll Brazil into battle without prayer first.

REV. w. G. BORCHERS, of Santa ATemperance Work by Y. M. C. A. T each training camp is at least one Rita, Brazil, writes as follows in large tent or "marquee," manned by The Missionary Voice of the religious trained workers, to which the men may situation there: Many Brazilians are resort for letter writing, reading, singgoing to Europe to study. They know ing, table games, and healthy amuseonly the very corrupt form of Romanism which is found in Brazil, and which their

ment. Note-paper and envelops are sup- Jews who have found an undisturbed plied free, stamps and postal orders are domicile in Bulgaria. From time to for sale, and there is a letter-box in time a preacher from abroad would'

each tent. Cheap temperance drinks, reach Sofia and hold a meeting, give a chocolate and candy, and little personal twenty-minute address, and then leave necessities of all sorts are sold at the the Jews for another year to wonder tents, and in some there are cafeterias what it was all about.

where hot coffee and sandwiches are Last June, the Rev. A. Silverstein sold. The Association workers are on started a work in Sofia, in connection call for service or aid of any sort at all with the revival which broke out there hours. and is still spreading all around. Up to At first there was considerable diffi- the present, 17 Jews have joined the culty. There was fear of spies, and the church and have been baptized in the obstacles in the way of getting men near name of Jesus Christ. The work is non- the front were particularly serious. sectarian. A committee has been ap- When they were allowed by the AlIies pointed to take charge, composed of to go, they were at first permitted to Congregationalists, Methodists and Bap- take only 37 pounds of baggage with tists. This work has no foreign Board them; and their activities were carefulIy to support it, but is maintained wholly watched. Now the baggage limit has by voluntary contributions, which are been raised till it has reached 200 pounds, forthcoming from the Bulgarian local and the men are able to carry a full and churches. A' Hebrew-Christian Home serviceable equipment. has been established as welI, where THE CONTINENT many live who on account of their faith in Jesus Christ have been thrown out of Relief Work in Paris work and are separated from relatives and friends. This, too, is supported by T HE American Church in Paris is voluntary contributions.-The Orient. helping in every way it can in the relief of the sick and poor in the city and out of it. It is able to pass on many The Bible in Russia gifts which the donors hardly know how to place. Every gift the church sends T HE Holy Synod at Petrograd has goes marked, "Loving Is Giving and been busily engaged in the work of Giving Is Life." Some ~f the gifts are producing popular editions of the Bible. layettes for new babies; little children's These are being widely distributed by clothes, for both boys and girls; plain the Orthodox Church among soldiers .on jackets and chemises, such as the peas- the battle-field as welI as to the sick and ant women wear; soldier outfits; pillows wounded. Various Russian Red Cross for the wounded on the trains; hospital Aid Associations are including Bible~ supplies; clothing for convalescents. and Testaments in their parcels of "com- And it makes, as a gift, "all the robes forts" for troops at the front, and as the worn at the last by those who die at the available stock of the British and For- American Ambulance-long, white robes eign Bible Society has become exhausted, of soft muslin, on each of which is the Holy Synod is undertaking the work sewed a cross of violet silk." of printing fresh editions. In theory the Orthodox Church has always given her A The Bulgarian Hebrew Mission children free access to the Bible; in NEV work among the Jews has practise her system has allowed ignor- been started in Bulgaria. Never be- ance and superstition to crowd Bible fore has any systematic evangelical reading, let alone Bible insh~ction, out work been carried on among the many of the life of the average l?,io~~JRussian.

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Should this wave of enthusiasm for the reached an awful pitch. Awakening to propagation of the Holy Scriptures prove the fact that the little nation was going more than a passing phase, we may look headlong to ruin, a few of the students forward to a revival of intelligent relig- in Copenhagen University and Reykious instruction in Russia. javik Higher Grade Latin School joined hands, resolving to abstain from drink T German Missions Crippled and encourage others "to go and do HE disastrous effects of the war on likewise." German foreign missions are illustrated in India. The Gassner Mission MR:Horrible Conditions in Albania of Berlin has a staff of 50 Europeans' ill ER.ICKSON, who has' been wait- Chota Nagpur and Behar. It has done mg m Italy for an opportunity to splendid work, both religious and phil- cross the Adriatic and resume work, reanthropic. Its secretary, the Rev. Paul cently made a flying trip of investiga- Wagner, has received the Kalsar-i-Hind tion to the port cities of Albania, and gold medal. The situation of the mis- returned to Rome. Under date of April sion is extremely critical. The Schles- 7th, he writes of the terrible destitution wig-Holstein Mission, with more than 40 which he found. "My first stop was at European missionaries in the Vizagap- Valona. When I was there before, a year atam District of Madras and in the Jey- ago last June, the Provisional Goverpore Agency, has dismissed 275 Indian nor was in control, and life in the City agents, put ISO more on half-pay, and was free and hopeful and glad. This shut down its theological seminary of time it was different. The Albanian 78 students. The Leipzig Mission in leaders had all left, the city was crowd- Tanjore and Trichinopoly, whose native ed with refugees; misery, wretchedness educational staff alone numbers 580, has starvation, and death were everywhere: been obliged to close its schools and send In the city, thousands were crowded into the children home.-Moravian Missions. tumble-down, abandoned buildings and mosques, etc. In one large mosque were "TAlcohol Banished from Iceland at one time living about 150, but of E DEUM" is being sung in Ice- these 64 had died. The Italian authori- land over the mighty moral victory ties informed me that there were 35,000 in the Anti-Drink Campaign through of these refugees in and about the city, ~he Prohibition law which was passed most of them from Tepelin, Kolonia, III the Althing, or Parliament, on Sep- and other districts recently occupied by tember 10, 1913, and was brought into the Greek government after their comforce on January 1st, this year. Now, mittees and irregulars, consisting no intoxicating liquors may be sold in largely of released criminals, had com- Iceland unless prescribed by a qualified mitted the unspeakable horrors which medical man. This great and grand vic- had driven these people forth. Altotory has not been won in a day; it has gether 170,000 people, practically the been a battle of 70 years' standing. The whole Moslem population of this terriyear 1842 marked the first stand taken tory, are thus in exile from their homes. to oppose the evil influences of Bacchus. The ablest 'scholars, students, and young ASIA men of that period were, almost without exception, going to the moles and MOSLEM LANDS the bats through the abuse of alcohol. The common people, too, followed hard THE The War and the Jews after their example, and morality had Jews have been more affected by tpe war than any other non-Chris- tian nation. "Over 9,000,000 of the 13,- 000,000 Jews live within the war zone;

the seat of the war in Eastern Europe n,ore than 10,000 men are out of work, is 'the home of the Jewish race; over and come begging for food for their 200,000 Jews are serving in the Russian starving families. Here is a sample: army alone. Hundreds of thousands of A woman with a blind husband and three Jews are being torn away from their small children, after three days without abiding place of many generation;;·. Al- any food at all, begged a little flour, ready a quarter of a million Jews have rubbed it up with water, and they ate migrated from Galicia into Hungary, it so. Weare trying to economize; and into other Austrian provinces. burn candles, as oil is not to be had, ex- Again, the altered position of the Jews cept in small quantities and at a high in Russia, due to the Tsar's proclama- price, and even candles are becoming tion, can not fail to affect the thoughts hard to get, and coal and matches, are of Christianity. The war has added in- going up to a forbidding price. We have finitely to the difficulties of missionary the simplest meals, sit together to save work among the Jews, yet "the uncer- fuel, eat little meat, and buy no clothing tainty all around them is moving not a or other luxuries. But with all this mis- few Jews to inquire concerning Chris- ery there is much spiritual interest.

tian truth." Churches are crowded, prayer-meetings T Urumia Christians Rescued full, 250 to 300 women in some, and very touching. Christian workers· are finding HE Kurds and Turks have at last· a great opportunity, and it seems like the been expelled by Russians from Uru- beginning of a revival."

mia, the city of 50,000 which is the cen- ter of American Presbyterian missionary Swedish Mission in Chinese Turkestan activity in Azerbaijan province of Per- THE Swedish missionaries, L. E. sia. January 2 the Kurds besieged the Hogberg and Dr. G. Raquette, recity, after ravaging the surrounding dis- port progress in their medical and edutricts and massacring thousands of cational work at Kashgar and Yark- Christians. The Russians defeated the and. A conference was held at the lat- Turks in engagements near Dilman and ter place recently, and plans were made Bachkala, according to the report of the for opening new work at Khotan, ten Russian general staff in the Caucasus, days' journey southeast of Yarkand. It and released the 17,000 native refugees is planned to open an orphanage. At who had placed themselves under the the two hospitals of this mission, I7,114 protection of the Presbyterian "U. S. A," patients were treated in a single year. miSSIOn. It is estimated 20,000 natives of the district are dead or missing, many The Swedish Missionary Society, of the women being carried captives into which has a number of flourishing misthe hills. Rev. Robert Labaree, of the sion stations in Chinese Turkestan, an- Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, nounces that the medical work in its tried earnestly to reach the city, but three hospitals'–at Kashgar, Yarkand, failed. Now the Russians have brought and Yengi Hessar-not only pays its relief, and have also freed Van of the own costs, aside from missionaries' sal- Turks. aries, but turns over a considerable sum to other work. The new buildings at A Misery in Central Turkey one station were entirely paid for by LETTER from Mrs. John E. Mer- surplus from the Kashgar hospital.

rill, of Aintab, gives a vivid picture The press of the Swedish Missionary of life in Central Turkey in these days. Society in Chinese Turkestan has cir- "The city is in misery, no work, and no culated 8,000 copies of the Gospels in prospect of any; the looms are idle, and Kashgar-Turkish; also a grammar for

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students of the language, as well as (the helpless children of the devil) the other text-books. It also issues a bi- Good Tidings, and turn us to the way monthly journal in the same tongue, the of salvation. Hoping you will send us only publication of the sort in that coun- a comforting promise. Signed by or on try. behalf of all the adult inhabitants of Ponnamanda." INDIA I "An Indian Christian Saint" I An Epoch for India N these words' a missionary who had N the annual report of the Kashmir known him many years describes the Medical Mission Dr. A. Neve says Rev. S. R. Modak, of Ahmednagar, who this year "marks an epoch from which died a few months ago. Mr. Modak was everything will date afresh." He writes: a man of singular nobility of character and of winsome personality. For 26 "It is certainly an epoch for India, so years he had supported his large family many of whose gallant princes and by legal service, while doing a large troops are in the firing-line. In future, amount of Christian work of various things can not be the same. . . . The kinds. Three and a half years ago, spirit in which we English now meet when he was invited to become the pasour Indian fellow subjects is that of co- tor of the largest Christian congregaoperation, and should lead to .closer tion in Western India, he said: "Since I friendships in future when the men was young my highest ambition has been come back who have been fighting our to do such service. If you think me battles in Europe, and experiencing Eng- worthy to become your pastor, I shall lish hospitality. That the spectacle of gladly accept your invitation on two Christian nations fighting among them- conditions-that you accept my services selves is unedifying goes without saying, without any pecuniary remuneration, aland especially that there should be such lowing me to continue to support my barbarities practised on non-combat- family by my legal work. and that you ants: but perhaps the people of this land employ an associate pastor." The church may thus be brought to see the distinc- properly insisted on paying him a modtion between real and only nominal est stipend, which he always turned Christianity, and the corollary that re- back into Christian work.-Marathi ligion is a matter of the heart, not of Mission Report. hereditary creed and ceremonies." Letter-Writing and Prayer to Win Men T Appeal from Indian Villages HE following letter, received by a REV. N. V. TILAK, one of the pas- missionary in South India, is typical tors in the Marathi Mission of the of the mass movements toward Chris- American Board, in reporting his litertianity. ary and educational work, says: "It has been my privilege to preach the Gosp,e1 "Sir: We have been idolaters I!1 ac- by writing letters. Each letter goes cordance with our ancient custom. Now forth with prayer. This method ot we have understood that there is no use preaching has led four Brahmins to emin such worship, and have, therefore, re- brace Christianity. One of them was a solved to turn to Christ. There is no Sanyasi, or 'Holy Man,' a speaker of mission working in this region. The three different dialects, who has wan- Roman Catholics have visited us, but we dered through the length and breadth have heard that there are some defects of India in search of the truth. There in their religion. Weare farmers. We are a dozen more enquirers in corresare very desirous of believing in the Lord Jesus Christ. We, therefore, beg you to come to us and to preach to us

pondence. A sad experience in connec- or I will fight you in nine haurs. Ger- many to fight them, pass Belgium. Beltion with some of these men is that they gium say, I am a country, I am not a road, and Belgium write a letter ta Engstop correspondence as soon as they are land about Germany to them. Sa Eng- land fight far Belgium." – Sundayconvinced of the truth of Christianity, School Times.

and a few go s.o far as to try and forget Following the Foochow Revival all acquaintance with me in order ta pRESIDENT BEARD, .of the Foa- chow College, writes in optimistic avoid the final step. But my prayers vein of the Bible-study revival in that for these never cease, and I feel prayer city and as ta the fine prospects gener- ally: "Never during the 20 years that I is more effective than preaching, often- have known the church in Faachow has there been so much interest in Christimes." tianity as naw. Churches are full Sun- day after Sunday. The salid men of the SIAM cammunity are coming, and they are listening as never before. Besides this, FOR Progress in North Siam they are studying the Bible as never be- H years the .only Christians in fore. During the past week in a score of different places special meetings Tong Pa, North Siam, have been have been held-not always in churches, but in the homes of the Christians, .or the faithful evangelist Nai Wang and sometimes in a courtyard. These meet- ings have been well attended by thoughthis wife. But the past year has seen a ful peaple. The teachers and students of the college have dane much .of the gaodly increase, writes Dr. C. H. Croaks wark. One man lectures on some scien- tific SUbject, with experiments ta illus- .of the Presbyterian Missian. Eleven in trate, and the evangelistic address fol- laws. The interesting thing is that the all have been baptized, amang them an evangelistic talk halds the attention bet- ter than the scientific. Then men are old woman over 80 years of age, who, lined up to form Bible classes."

having cansiderable means, has in the A Great Church in Peking past made gifts to the temple. Her turn- "THE most strategic center in the world to-day for missianary work ing to Christianity hag made a prafound is Peking," says Miss Luella Miner, and impression on all the community. She there is not a pastor anywhere who has more reasan to rejaice in his opportuhas a large family, and same of them nity than Mr. Li, who faces his audience of 6.0.0 or 7.0.0 every Sunday marning have already followed their mother into in the beautiful Central Church in that city. There sit the 100 students of the the religion, and .others purpose ta do so. Union Waman's College and Bridgman Academy, the 4.0 women of the Union Thus has the entering wedge been thrust Bible Schaal, and abaut lOa women from into the solid wall of opposition with which Christianity has had ta contend here. Tong Pa is a rice-farming dis- trict, where rice seldom, if ever, fails, and we hape, with patience and perse- verance, to build up a church there."

CHINA THEWhy the Nations are Fighting Central China Post prints this composition of a Chinese pupil of a London Mission school: "Now there is a great battle in Europe. This began because the prince .of Austria went ta Servia with his wife. One man of Servia killed them. Austria was angry and so fight Servia. Germany write a letter to Austria, I will help you. Russia write a letter to Servia, I will help you. France did not want ta fight, but they got ready their soldiers. Germany write a letter to France. You don't get ready

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the humblest rank up to the wives of very largely without financial help from high officials. the mission.

Beyond the school boys who occupy Protection for Chinese Slave-Girls the front seats in the other half of the church, the pastor sees, perhaps, two of CANTON has forbidden slavery, and President Yuan Shih Kai's advisers; any slave-girl who applies to the teachers from the government universi- ties; keen-eyed students; energetic men police is received and educated. Those in business or official lines. And here, who can see are sent to the "Government too, the rich and the poor meet together. School for Rescued Slave Girls," and at the urgent request of the former chief of Over IOO members were received into police, Mr. Chan King Wah, the blind the church in 1914, many of them from girls of the singing class were committed the student class. The Sunday-school of to the care of missionaries. A temporary Central Church numbers over 700, in- mat shed was provided by the govern- cluding three braneh schools held in the ment for their shelter until a new per- vicinity in the afternoon.-Missionary manent building was recently completed. Herald. This is known as the "Ching Sam" school and was built with money contributed by Promising Work in South China a wealthy Chinese gentleman.-Spirit of . THREE years ago Christianity was Missions.

practically unknown in the important THEA Chinese Florence Nightingale city of Changning, the center of a large city of Weihsien in Shantung and populous district among the Hakkas was visited by severe floods last in South China. To-day, there are in this September, which did much damage to district two organized Baptist churches the city and its suburbs and to the mis- with 4S members and a considerable sionary compound. It is reported that number of interested inquirers. Each onc of the most efficient and helpful ,hurch maintains a school, and mcets all people in the emergency was a Chinese necessary expenses without foreign aid. orphan girl, who had been rescued in The first convert was baptize'd one year famine times a few years ago. ago. One of the early converts was a military commander, who immediately It was Kwei Lan who seemed to he surrendered his commission and has en- in all places at the same time, looking tered the medical department of the Uni- after the distrest as they were brought versity of Nanking in order to fit him- in by scores and hundreds from the nearself for service as a Christian physician. by villages and laid down to recuperate Among the other converts are the post- after their harrowing experiences. It master, one of the magistrates, a member was Kwei Lan who distributed clothing of the National Assembly and former to the shivering flood victims, ga'e President of the Provincial Assembly, steaming hot food for the starving, hung and several teachers from the public out wet clothes to dry, bound up the schools. Only two families of all repre- wounds of the injun:;d ones, and in her sented in the membership of one of the strong, gentle, young arms hushed ~he churches are without representatives in wailing of the sick babies. Her bright government service. Yet the converts words of cheer, her endless deeds of have come from all ranks. Thirteen kindly ministry won for her the lifelong educated men, some of them holding gratitude and affection of the recipients, degrees, are planning to fit themselves and caused the missionaries of Weihsien for Christian service either as preachers station to christen her "the Florence or physicians'. The movement promises Nightingale of Shantung."-The COIIto be distinctly Chinese, and to develop tinent.

JAPAN-KOREA crushing blow, but one which the Army is sharing in every quarter. It was since Then and Now the news of this reduction came that the Army's need was called to the atten- JAPANESE Anti-Christian Edict of tion of their Majesties through the 1868. "As for the Christian sect, as kindly offices of Count Okuma, Baron it haS' been prohibited thus far, in like Shibusawa, and Mr. Shimada, M P.- manner it must be strictly supprest, for- Japan Times. bidden, and prohibited. As for the Jesus religion, it also must be strictly supprest. Christian Literature for Japanese Keiyo, fourth year, third month. Prime Minister, by imperial order. This order T HE leavening of the Japanese stumust be strictly and universally enforced dent mind with Christian truth is in Hiogo Ken." greatly assisted by a modest little society which is distributing the right kind of CHINESE EDICT, 1900 literature. Magazines and papers with articles written from the Christian point The Dowager Empress of China passed of view are sent to schools at a ratio of the death sentence on all Christians in one paper to ten students, the principal China. assuming the responsibility for fair dis- tribution. Th~rc:. were some 23,000 KOREAN EDICT, 1904 copies' sent to 468 schools in one mont!!. Most of the schools are government high "If you see a foreigner, kill him; if schools and they are in all parts of the you see a native reading the Christian Japanese Ishmds. The society publishes Book, kill him." a little monthly newspaper. The plan originated with a teacher of English 1915 who began glvmg away Christian periodicals to his students. He secured Ja/,a11-600 non-Christian schools in the co-operation of friends who provided Japan regularly supplied with a monthly literature that they had already read. paper explaining Christianity, through a and hence the movement has grown. government school teacher's influence. Recent circulation one month, 32,000 copies.

Chi11a-235,303 church members. Korea-72,203 church members.

-Adapted from Missionary Voice, Imperial Gift to the Salvation Army The "Hamill Memorial" in J.apan W ITH a generous gift of 3,000 yen, PLANS are on foot for the erection f)f their rri-Jperial Majesties the Em- a School of Religious Pedagogy and peror and Empress have indicated their Sunday-School Training in Kobe, Japan, interest and approval of the social and to be known as the "Hamill Memorial philanthropic work which has been done Building," in recognition of the service in the past 19 years in Japan by the of the late Dr. H. M. Hamill. President Salvation Army. It is the first imperial of the Jnternational Sunday-School recognition that the Army has had, and, Association, who passed from this life coming at a time of great need, it is on January 21, 1915. Dr. and Mrs. doubly appreciated. The gift comes at Hamill visited Japan and Korea seven a critical period in the finances of the years ago, and for five months held Army, inasmuch as a few months ago Sunday-school institutes in every part of Commissioner Mapp was informed by Japan and Korea; and from that time the headquarters office at London that until the day of his death he maintained the effects of the war were such that a deep interest in religious education in there would be a great reduction in the Japan. The plan contemplates lecture support sent to Tokyo. A little later the rooms, a complete Sunday-school work- "reduction" proved to be 12,000 yen-a ers' library, a museum, offices for a

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

general Sunday-school secretary, a in the reading club and the books are supply room and a model Sunday-school moving briskly. As rapidly as new appli- which should give practise work to stu- cants for literature come in from the dents of teacher-training, as well as a newspaper propaganda they are dir.ected demonstration of methods to. pastors, to this club. superintendents, teachers and other Christian workers. Remarkable Bible Circulation A Japan Barber Evangelist T HE year 1914 in the Korea Agency . was one of remarkable progres's and REV. J. B. HAIL, writing from Waka- the sales exceeded all expectations. The yama, Japan, tells of a barber who total circulation was more than two and is seizing every opportunity that comes a half times greater than in 1913, even to him to pass on the Gospel tidings. tho the I913 circulation was more than This man recently came to the mission- double that of I912. ary with a request for Hole's "Life of Jesus· of Nazareth." He said: "I have Mr. Beck's encouraging report shows a picture of Christ in my barber-shop, that the total circulation for 1914 was and it is a great help to me in opening 458,04 as against 176,880 volumes ;11 a conversation with men to tell them of 1913, the total increase, therefore, being Jesus. If I had a copy vf Hole, altho 281,814. This result has been obtained I do not kno~ a word of English, yet I despite the 10 per cent. cut in approprican get Kodama San to tell me where to ations, and the very great financial emread about the pictures, and thus I can barrassments that have faced all classes explain them to others." in Korea during the past year. The average number of colporteurs employed It is needless to say that the man got was 103 men and 20 Bible-women. the book. Soon after he returned to Mr. Counting others who are employed for Hail and said: "I have used the book and a short period, 173 colporteurs and 29 shown it to 48 persons, trying to point Bible-women have been engaged in them to Christ. But when I am talking Scripture distribution. to men I feel deeply my own lack of spiritual power to awaken the'll to their K Korea and Uganda need of a Savior. My past life has not ORK;'S multitudes are turning to iJeen such as to recommend the religion Christianity at the rate of 3,000 of Christ." conversions a week. There has been an average of one convert every hour since I "Eternal Life Association" the missionaries first went' to Korea, N addition to his Christian propaganda over twenty-five years ago. In these through the Japanese newspaper col- times, however, the average has amountumns, Dr. Albertus Pieters has developed ed to eighteen converts per hour! Away a reading club called the Eisei Kwai, or down in Uganda-which now has 1,200 the Association of Eternal" Life. Any- churches where twenty-nve years ago one can join upon payment of a monthly there was but one-the coronatiol1 of fee of 5 sen (a little over 2 cents) the new king, Dauda Chwa, was held Every member has a right to draw books with Christian ceremonies and und~r from the library, the postage outward Christian auspices.-World Outlook. being paid by the mission, return postage by the borrower. Something less I An Active Bible Class than a hundred dollars has been invested N Pingyang, Korea, an active Bible in a lib~ary of excellent books on Chris- class of fifty-riine young men has been tian themes. The catalog registers 270 organized. During the recent revival titles. There are at pre.sent 62 members this group of young men assumed re-

sponsibility for all the young men who AFRICA profest an interest in Christianity during the evangelistic meetings. They T Christian Literature for Moslem" assigned a certain number to each mem- HERE are three methods of carryber of the class, and these Bible-c1a~s ing the message of the Gos·pel to workers went daily to the. homes of the the non-Christian world: that by word inquirers and brought them to the even- of mouth, the living voice of the ing meetings. N ow that the revival is preacher; that by life, the ministry of over, they still continue to bring them friendship, the miracles of healing, and to 'the regular and special church serv- the exhibition of the virtues of Chrisices. Many of the members of this class tianity-the word of Life in the word have gone out preaching on Sabbath of the life; and thirdly, the method of afternoons, and as a result there has the printed page. The Nile Mission been a constant stream of new believers Press is only one among more than a into the churches. hundred and thirty mission presses in the mission field, but in its outreach and Koreans "Born Preachers" output it will compare favorably with any of them, and its strategic import- A SERIES of evangelistic services ance as regards the present situation can has just been conducted in Sen Sen not be over-estimated.' In ten years (Syen Chun), which has afforded an 5,560,000 books and magazines (equal to excellent opportunity to see the Korean 70,000,000 pages) have been printed and Christian at work in the great business published; or, including the total for of saving souls. A newcomer from the the ten months of the present 'Year, .Occident writes: "The zeal and energy 83,000,000 pages. All the publications with which personal work is carried on are in Arabic, but many have been is nothing short of amazing, and is the translated into other languages; and are cause of much shame when the coldness now distributed to 40 different counand indifference of God's people in so- tries, including Bokhara, China, India, called Christian countries is borne in Palestine, Arabia, Persia, Turkey, Java, mind. and South America.

"The territory was assigned to about Methodist Success in Liberia 100 men and boys, including two Korean pastors of the city churches with many BISHOP ISAIAH B. SCOTT, of the of the Elders and Deacons and a large Methodist Episcopal Church in Linumber of the boys from the Hug-h beria, reports that the church member- O'Neill J r. Academy. and some fifty or ship in that republic has increased during sixty women. The first question asked the past year from 9,633 to 10,709. The was always the same-aDo you believe conference is divided into five districts. in Jesus?" and if an opportunity was located along the coast, eastward from given, the boys immedi'ltely proceeded Monrovia. For the past twelve months to point out why and what man should a total of 1,973 conversions is' reported. believe. The Korean is a born preacher, Eleven years ago the benevolent collecand so far I have yet to meet a Christian tions amounted to $203, while in the past' who does not thoroughly enjoy this year our Liberian Methodists gave work. Very often it was unnecessary $1,579 for this purpose. to ask this question, for when a heathen .really gives his heart to the Lord, it is The Effects of Christianity not long before the presence of the Spirit and the peace of God in his heart FROM numerous towns and villages in manifests itself in face and bearing. the Kabba district (some of the places from fifty to a hundred miles dis- tant) deputatiol).s of young men, ac-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONAI{Y NEWS

companied occasionally hy chiefs', have 0'clock every morning 20,000 people traveled to Lokoja, urging the mission gather for morning worship in various to send teachers to them. At one sta- villages. This mission is in charge, 0 f tion, Ogidi, so many of the young men the Southern Presbyterian Church. renounced idolatry that when the time of the annual idol sacrifices amI MISCELLANEOUS festivals came round, there were few Miasion. Among Lepers young men to take part in the proceedings and the elders were much incensed. T HERE is no more noble work in They not only prohibited the Christian the world than mission work among teacher and some of the leading Chris- the many lepers 111 the East. The tian adherents from holding church lepers are outcasts from their own peoservices' and school, but expelled them ple and what missionaries do for them from Ogidi and obliged them to take is the only bright spot in their lives. refuge at Kabba. Through the inter- The story of this line of mission work position of the British Resident these is most pathetic. Dr. John Jackson, Christians returned h0111e, but were not secretary of one of the principal missuffered to stay except on the condition sions among lepers in the East, writes of their renouncing Christianity, which as follows in the Sm~day-School Times: of course they declined to do. "India has at least 200,000 lepers. Vast numbers' of them are ,hopeless out- Gospel Light Spreading casts, regarded'as under the very curse of their ,gods, refnsed shelter by their IN the midst of the tumults of the worhl awn kindred and driven out to die as it is refreshing to get good news hom~less wanderers. Stricken by a from remote and quiet mission fields. 'disease that is loathsome, cOiltagious, and incurable, they are surely of all Dr. Leslie, the American Baptist men most miserable. missionary in the Kongo Free States, illustrates the darkness of Africa with "A recent letter from Korea says the story of a young man who, with his that there are probably 30,000 lepers in brother, took his own mother into the that country, of whom the greater forest and buried her alive. This was maj ority are homeless outcasts. done because she had eaten a third ~rother after his death. A man in the "In Tokyo I was informed by the next village accused his mother of sorcery. vVith the assistance of others, he head of the Japanes'e medical departkilled her, cut her body in pieces, awl hung the entrails on a trce by the side ment, that they had officiai knowledge of a path, laying the head close by. of at least 40,000 families in Japan in which leprosy was known to exist. Twenty-two years ago there was not a Experience has shown that it is safe to man in all the Luebo country (Belgian multiply the acknowledged numbers by Kongo) who had heard the name of two or three in order to get at the Jesus Christ. Now there are 10,360 be- actual total. It will thus be seen that lievers and 67,500 adherents. Twenty- if we confine our view to the great two years ago there was not a man there lands of the Orient we are confronted who knew a letter in any alphabet. To- with an appalling mass of hopeless day there .are 7,000 pupils in the various suffering among the lepers of the schools. Twenty-two years ago there twentieth century." was not a man, woman, or child in all the vast region who could utter a syl- OBITUARY NOTES lable of intelligent prayer. Now at six The Toll of Wat Among Missionaries AGAINST their will, Christian mis- sionaries who have been working together for the advancement of the

cause of Christ, have been drawn into loose for a season. Science, learning, opposing forces by the European war. commercial prosperity have failed. It is A German missionary in China, who was time for nations to give the religion of summoned to aid the defenders of Christ a chance. Tsingtau, said to a British missionary: "Brother, pray for me! I go to die, Mrs. E. W. McDowell of MOlul perhaps, for my Kaiser, at the hands of one of the soldiers of your King. I am ON April 16th, Mrs. E. W. McDowell, forced to go. If our nations were bound of MQsul, died at Urumia, Persia. together in love, this terrible slaughter and the sorrows of the little company would not occur," of missionaries there were greatly in- tensified. It is feared by friends fit Already, some British, French, and home that the physical labor and nervous German missionary workers who have strain incident to the effort of the misbeen called to the armies, have been sionaries there for the nearly 15,000 killed; others are imprisoned or in- panic-stricken refugees who have terned. Tweflty-six Church Missionary crowded into the compound, had much Society workers are prisoners of war in to do with her death. She went to the Africa, Pal~stine, and Arabia; German field with her husband in 1887, as a missionaries are interned in British In- missionary of the Presbyterian Board, dia, while those captured in Tsingtao and her ministry in the name of Christ have been sent to Japan. will long be a fragrant memory in Persia. Deaths 'of missionary non-combatants directly or indirectly' due to the war are Mrs. W. A. Shedd of Persia also reported from time to time. On WORD has just been received of anthe steamship Falaba, sunk by the German submarine on Palm Sunday, other missionary's death during the were several missionaries, one of whom, siege of Urumia. Mrs. W. A. Shedd, a Rev. Alec Field, of 'the Church Mission- beloved Presbyterian missionary, sucary Society, lost his life. On board the cumbed to typhoid fever in the mission Lusitania, also sunk without warning by compound, which was crowded with the Germans (May 7th), were several 10,000 Christian refugees who were missionaries. One of them, Rev. James seeking to escape from their Moslem Beattie, of the American Reformed murderers. Church Mission in India, was drowned, while his wife was saved. Dr. Ira M. Condit of California REV. IRA M. CONDIT, D.D.; died Another of the victims of this murderous attack upon innocent women and at Oakland, Cal., on April 24th. He children was Miss Alice Varley, the be- had been identified for many years with loved and efficient associate editor of the missionary work of the Presbyterian the Record of Christian Work. She was Church among the Chinese on the Pathe daughter of the late Henry Varley, cific Coast. His ~ervice for the Chinese the British evangelist, and was hasten- began with five years spent in Canton. ing to the sick bed of her invalid mother. Since his return to America, in 1865, he has devoted himself to the Chinese in In Persia, Mrs. McDowell and Mrs. California, many of whom were ~t­ Shedd, American Presbyterian mission- tracted-by his kindly face, gentle voice aries, have fallen victims to the ravages and winsome manner-to the Master of disease, brought on in the crowded whom he served. He exerted a wide mission compound in Urumia, during the influence over thousands of Chinese, Moslem Jihad against Christians. who, while never openly confessing Christ, yet felt the subtle power of His This is a period when the devil is let Christ-like life. 'til LANDS I BOOKS ON MISSIONS 1 AND Ml3SION / ""'" .~………………~.~…/ / ' .•..•.•~……………..~/.

11 The Kings' Highway. By Helen Barrett pictured. On the one hand they saw Montgomery. Illustrated. 12mo. 272 pp. 50 cents, cloth; 30 cents, paper. Cen- girls who were grandmothers at twenty- tral Committee of United Study of For- eign Missions, West Medford, Mass., five, slave-widows at ten, temple prosti- 1915. The latest volume of the Women's tutes, of whom there are sixty thousand, Foreign Missionary text-books is a study and suffering child-mothers for whom of present conditions on the foreign field, and is a result of the author's recent there was no physician to minister either journey around the world. It is a chatty book full of graphic details of the jour- to body or to soul. On the other hand ney, of pictu-resque description, of interesting interviews, and impressive facts. there are the bright pictures of happy The route of the travelers-for there childhood in Christian schools and were four-Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, Mrs. Montgomery, and their two young homes; of splendid specimens of young lady daughters-led them through Europe, into Egypt, by sea to India ami womanhood who have been graduated Ceylon, into Burma, around to China, Korlla and Japan. To follow the travels from Christian colleges, and of noble, of these bright, well-informed, charming women is a rare privilege. They knew native women who are helping to teach what to look for, whom to interview, and Mrs. Montgomery knows how to and uplift their sisters in these mission write the narrative in living pictures. lands. . Of Egypt Mrs. Montgomery truly says: "Many miss the greatest things in Mrs. Montgomery has not only written Egypt. Opprest by the past and stunned by material memorials, they fail a fascinating book for reading and for to study a living force which is recreating a dry land. A breath from .God study, but a prayer book and one as a is blowing through the valley of dry guide for thanksgiving-one to inspire bones." The evils that are rampant in India, gifts and to stimulate missionary work- and that make it one of the most difficult ers. of mission fields, are vividly portrayed. and, in relief, the remarkable achieve- Light from the East: Studies in Japanese ments of Christianity show the power of the Gospel. Naturally the degrada- Buddhism. By Robert Cornell Armtion' and disabilities of women and children most deeply imprest the hearts of strong, M.A., Ph.D. Illustrated. Pp. xv, the travelers. The sorrows and successes of their sisters in Asia are vividly 326. Toronto: University of Toronto.

$1.50. 1914. , The author is evidently dependeilt upon Japanese teachers and authorities with little knowledge of the Chinese texts. Yet this may be the chief quali- fication for his task, in that he does not interpret Chinese or Occidental views into the work. A helpful introduction shows the development of Japanese re- ligion through nature warship to the higher beliefs of Buddhism and Con- fucianism. There is a concise statement of the general teachings of the Shushi School of Confucianism largely affected by Buddhism and Taoism. To this suc- ceeded the 0-Yomei School with its in- tuition, practicality and pantheism. The Classical School, owing much to its two greatest philosophers, Ito Jinsai and formation. The Canadian management Ogiu Sorai, held many beliefs in com- of Indian affairs should be a valuable mon with the Shushi writers, but varied example for the Washington Governfrom them in harking back more to ment to follow. Mr. Moorehead's sugancient kings and sages. The Eclectic gestions for reform are also worthy of School here discust includes only those careful consideration. A National who based their teachings upon COJl- Board of Indian Commissioners should fucianism. This section is too confusing be appointed who would take the I;"dian with its eighty authorities briefly char- question out of politics and remove the acterized. Rev. Danjo Ebina's character- Indians from the power of those who ization of Confucianism, the author's would despoil them. conclusions, and an Appendix upon Japanese Buddhism complete the work. In the Land of the Head Hunters. By Edward S. Curtis. Illustrated. Svo. The book is mainly biographical in Its 113 pp. $1.20. The World Book Commethod, and deals' with the Tokugawa pany, Yonkers, New York, 1915. Confucianism, a period which enables An attractive, beautifully illustrated us to understand Japan and Japanese culture, and whose Confucian culture ex- and weIl-told Indian love story. It replains the Empire's preparation for the marvelous changes of our own genera- veals both the strength and failings of tion. It is a volume greatly helpful to Indian character. Occidental scholars, but absolutely uninteresting to the casual reader. A Man and His Money. A Study in Stewardship. By Harvey Reeves Cal- The American Indian in the United kins. 12mo. 367 pp. $1.00, nct. The States. IS50-1914. By Warren K. Methodist Book Concern, 1914. Moorehead, A.M. I1lustrated. Svo. 440 Wherein" consists the right of owner- pp. The Andover Press, 1914. ship? In toil, in mental prowess, in This is a history and plea for justice physical force, in needs, in gift, in disfor the Indian by a member of the Board of Indian Commissioners. Mr. Moore- covery or in ability to use? Mr. Calkins, head shows that the American Govern- the Methodist stewardship secretary, has ment has hustled the Indian into civiliza- given us in this volume an exceedingly tion without taking the precaution of interesting and profitable discussion of seeing that civilization is introduced into him. The externals of his life have been the old-time problem of ownership. He changed without a corresponding change presents the pagan law of ownership in III himself. The result IS death-a contrast to the Christian law of stewardrnoral, ecoJlomic and spiritual death- ship. The argument is sound and farthrough lack of internal and exten1?.i reaching for those who acknowledge correspondence. Too often the Indian has been offered education, but has not God and seek to discover and obey His learned to use it; he has been given laws. This study, which is vital, not property without knowing how to care mechanical, will prove a valuable source for it, so that unscrupulous white men of information and suggestions to those and half-breeds have coveted and stokn who wish to present the Christian viewhis patrimony. Mr.Moorehead recognizes point of a man and his money. the remarkable character and possibilities of the red men and proves himself The Christian Equivalent of War. By a true friend to the race. His hand- D. Willard Lyon. 12mo. 154 pp. 50 some volume is filled with valuable in- cents. The Association Press, New York, 1915.

In Peace and War in Japan. A Tale by Herbert Moore. 12mo. 152 pp. 2s., net. S. P. G.. London. 1914.

Christ or Napoleon-Which? By Peter Ainslee. 12mo. 96 pp. 50 cents, nct. Revell, 1915. . These three volumes on war, view the subject from very different stand-

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

points. Mr. Lyon clearly and forcibly men for good or for evil. Where the shows what is wrong in war and the good has predominated, the islands like right use of force, and what good may Fiji, and New Zealand, have become come from war. He takes up the teach- Christian; where evil traders and poli- ings of Jesus Christ as throwing light ticians have been in control they have on the subject and shows that He haS' become worse than heathen.

given His church the moral equivalent The present volume is a valuable and of war-with all of its benefits and none interesting study @f Southern Pacific of its curses-in the spiritual campaign Islands and peoples, from scientific, for world conquest. sociological, historical, missionary, com- Mr. Moore has written a story that mercial and educational viewpoints.

pictures the conditions in Japan before Each chapter is written by a specialist, and after the Russo-Japanese conflict, including such authorities as Joseph and the influence on Christian mission- Bryant, of the Scottish Geographical ary work. Society; Dr. George Brown, the Metho- The third volume Is a study of the dist missionary and explorer; Benjamin Cure of Militarism, by a delegate to Danks, missionary secretary of Aus- the Constance Peace Conference, August tralia, and the HOI). Joseph Book, Prime 2, 19I4. The only cure is that provided Minister Qf Australia. The islands in the program of Jesus Christ. under consideration are Tonga, Fiji, Samoa, New Britain, New Guinea, Around the World with Jack and Janet. Solomon Islands, New Zealand, and Aus- By Norma R vVaterbury. Illustrated. 12mo. 758 pp. 30 cents, paper. Central tralia. Many of the Southern Pacific Committee on the United Study of For- islandS' are thus omitted entirely. eign Missions, West Medford, Mass. The story of Christian missions in some Boys and girls will be intensely inter- of these islands is wonderful and full ested in this account of what the of romance. In Fiji, for example, out of American twins saw on their trip a total popUlation of 87,000 there are around the world. It is, in truth, the 80,000 adherents of the mission. There story of what Miss Waterbury saw and are 3,000 more Methodists in Fiji to-day heard in her recent visit to the mission than the total number of Wesleyans at field. It is a wideawake tr.avel book for. the time of John Wesley's death, one junior mission study circles. A great hundred and twenty years ago. Still deal of ~nformation is included in the the problems facing Christianity are record of the trip and letters home. great and difficult. The influx of Hindu . A Century in the Pacific. Edited by laborers in some islands is reintroducing heathenism. There is important work James Colwell. 8vo. 21s., net. Charles H. Kelly, London, 1914. that still demands the oversight and sup- The Southern Pacific has had a re- port of Christian missionaries.

markable development in the past hun- John Hus. By W. N. Schwarze, Ph.D. dred years. Tho the land area is small 12mo. Illustrated. 152 pp. 75 cen!s, and the population comparatively insigni- net. Revell, 1915. ficant, the islands have proved to be strategically and commercially important Five hundred years ago the Bohemian and have been appropriated by Great Britain, France, Germany, and the reformer sealed his testimony at the United States. The Christian missionaries have found in them a difficult but stake. He waS' one of the first of the fruitful field, for the races are primitive and childlike, easily influenced by white Protestant martyrs, and the story of his life should thrill every Christian to-day and should stir men tQ.. new devotio~ sincerity, courage and sacrifice: Thi~ timely volume is a bt~ef, popular story

of the great martyr, the truth for which NEW BOOKS he stood, and the influence he exerted 011 the world: Unity and Missions. Can a Divided Church Save the World? By Arthur Missionar.y Triumphs Among Settlers in Australia and the Savages of the Judson Brown. 8vo. 319 pp. $1.50, net. South Seas. By John Blachet. Illustrated. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1915. 8vo. 285 I>p. 55., net. Charles H. Kelly, Home Missions in Action. By Edith H. London, 1914. Allen. Illustrated. 12mo. 155 PI>. 50 cents. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, The triumphs here narrated are those 1915. of the Methodists in Australia and the The Last War. A Study of Things Pres- South seas in the last one hundred years. ent and Things to Come. By Frederick It is a story full of heroism and adven- Lynch, D.D. 12mo. 118 pp. 75 cents. ture, of sacrifice and spiritual victory. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1915. Among the notable missionaries whose The Fight for Peace. An Aggressive life and work are described are Samuel Campaign for American Churches. By Leigh in Australia, Peter Turner h Sidney L. Gulick, D.D. 12mo. 191 PI>. Samoa, John Hunt and James Calvert in 50 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., . Fiji. It is a volume full of the miracles New York, 1915. of missions, and an unanswerable argu- All Along the Trail. Making the Home-' ment against those travelers who dis- land Better. By Sarah Gertrude Pom- credit missionary activity. eroy. Illustrated. 12mo. 96 pp. 40 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New The City of Dancing Dervishes-and Yo;k,1915 . Other Sketches and Studies from the Converts Through Medical Work. By Near East. By Harry C. Lukach. Illus- Samuel W. W. Witty. 12mo. 59 pp. 6d., trated. 12mo. 257 PI>. 7s. 6d. Macmil- net. Church Missionary Society, Lon- lan & Co., 1914. don, 1915. Phonetics for Missionaries. By G. Noel- These chapters are interesting side- Armfield. W. Heffer & Sons, Ltd., Lon- lights on Moslem lands and peoples. don, 1915. Kania-the ancient Iconium of the Bible Russian Life To-day. By Dr. Bury, -is the city of the dancing dervishes, Bishop for Northern and Central Eu- formerly a class of devotees who claimed rope. 3s. 6d., lIet. Mowbray, London, to go into religious ecstasy by means of 1915. a dizzy whirl. There is'a description Rising Churches in Non-Christian of their city and dance but no study of their philosophy and history. Other Lands. By Arthur J. Brown. 60 cents. chapters relate to· the Khoj i, or religious teacher-to Agshehir-a player also of Missionary Education Movement, New practical jokes; to the origin of the York, 1915. Khalifate, Islam in Turkey, the Grand The Churches at Work. A Statement of Vizier, priests and patriarchs, etc. The the work of the Chu;ch in the Local most important chapter is that dealing Community and the relation of the in- with "The False Messiah," Sabatai, a dividual thereto. By Charles L. Whitt;. Smyrna Jew, who secured a large fol- 60 cents. Missionary Education Move- lowing among the Hebrews in 1666. He ment, New York, 1915. was finally forced to acknowledge his im- Efficiency Points. Studies in Missionary posture and to make public profession of Fundamentals, including the Missionary Islam. It is an interesting story show- Message of the Bible, Service, Giving, ing the credulity of a humanity that will and Prayer. By W. E. Doughty. 25 reject the true and accept the false cents. Missionary Education Movement, Messiah. New York, 1915. Comrades in Service. Twelve Brief Biographies of persons who have spent their lives in service. For Young Men and Young Women seventeen to twenty years of a~e. By Margaret E. Burton. 60 cents. Missionary Education Move- ment, New York, 1915. John Williams, the Shipbuilder. A Biog- raphy of John Williams of the South Sea Islands. For Boys and Girls thir- teen to sixteen years of age. By Basil Mathew'S. 60 cents. Missionary Educa- tion Movement, New York, 1915. A Study of a Rural Parish. A Tested Method for Making a Survey of a Rural Parish. By Ralph A. Felton. 50 cents. Missionary Education Movement, New York,1915.

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1915

SAM HIGGINBOTTOM, OF ALLAHABAD

MISSIONA~Y FIRES 1. Do you know that more people go to bed hungry every night in India than live in all of North America? It is a part of the missionary's task to feed the hungry or to help them feed themselves. (See page 248.) 2. A Methodist Bishop in North India says that with sufficient Christian teachers and equipment, in six years two million low caste people can be won to Christ. Will the Church hold back? (See page 250.) 3. On a mission demonstration farm, twenty-five bushels of wheat is being raised per acre, while adjoining native farms in India produce only six or eight bushels per acre. (See page 235.) 4. The wives of some French pastors who are at the front are carrying on an their work, and even preaching the sermons. (See page 26r.) 5. Natives on the Zambesi in South Africa have undertaken to pay the salaries of the French mission schoolmasters this year, rather than have the schools closed. (See page 266.) 6. The British Government has shown its estimate of missionary work by asking the American Baptist Mission in South India to take charge of professional criminals in a camp. These men and women are now being transformed into law-abiding citizens, and crime has decreased 75 per cent. in the vicinity of the camp. (See page 261.) 7. The missionaries are proving to be the only helpers of thousands of Persian Christians who have fled in distress at the approach of the Turks and Kurds who have invaded and destroyed their homes. (See page 268.) 8. A monthly Christian magazine is being regularly circulated in six hundred non-Christian schools in Japan. (See page 242.) 9. A most remarkable series of evangelical campaigns have recently been conducted in American preparatory schools and universities by Dr. John R. Mott, Mr. Sherwood Eddy, and others. Thousands of students have yielded to Christ. (See page 246.) IO. Chinese Presbyterians in Fukien province take up an annual collection for the evangelization of the Jews. (See page 301.) r I. A student in Peking has been so imprest by the value of the New Testament that he has purchased over five thousand copies to send to his friends. (See page 302.) 12. The thirty evangelical denominations enrolled in the Federal Council show more than two-thirds of the total increase of membership last year in the religious bodies of the United States. (See page 3I2.) 13. A silver lining to the war cloud is seen by French Christians in the trenches when they look upon their present experiences as a preparation for the future hardships of missionary work. (See page 265.) (See sketch opposite page 247, and article, pages 247·254) ISSI E IE OF· THE WORLD Vol. XXXVIII, No.4 APRIL, 1915 Vol. XXVIII, No.4 Old Series New Series mSIG AA LAYMEN'S MOVEMENT IN INDIA vately and at conferences that they NEvV movement of great prom- may teach others. At summer- ise for the development of the schools they discuss harmful cus- Indian Church has been begun in the toms, such as child-marriage, marcountry around Delhi among the riage debts, heathen ceremonies at chaudharis-headmen of villages in- birth, marriage, and death. They act habited by persons belonging. to the as arbitrators in quarrels, and in same caste. This is a laymen's move- many cases the chaudharis of difment, which attempts to promote ferent districts unite to discuss wider Christianity by entrusting to these church interests. chaudharis the self-support and selfpropagation of the little native PROSPECTS OF CHRISTIANITY IN churches. The headmen go with the preachers and teachers to neighbor- A JAPAN ing villages, and give their Christian VALUABLE conference of Fedtestimony, to which their official po- erated Missions met in Tokyo sition gives added weight. They un- on January fifth and sixth. There dertake to raise the money for the were many encouragements in all support of their preachers, and try departments of the work, but the great difficulty is that the men £0 induce those in their village to des- needed to occupy vacant fields are not forthcoming. troy idol shrines and receive baptisJ;11., These headmen seem to feel The Evangelistic Committee rea personal responsibility for the in- ported that the Three Years' Camstruction and spiritual progress of paign has met with unprecedented their constituencies, and study pri- response, in spite of the national ,Tho e<litors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in ·the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by con· tributors (If signed articles in these pages,-EDITORS. .

mourning and the war. The four sympathy with Christianity, was reseries of meetings held in the West- cently discharged, and a Christian ern District were attended by about employed in his place. The chief 75,000 people, and over 1,500 were reason for the employment of forenrolled as inquirers. These figures eign teachers is for the sake of their do not take into account the follow- Christian influence. up meetings. Missionaries in Japan write that The campaign has deepened con- if President Wilson succeeds in fidence among Christians as to the securing equal treatment for Japansure progress of the cause of Christ ese and all other foreigners in Caliin Japan. Faith and life have been fornia and other parts of America strengthened and the impulse to the work of evangelizing Japan will spread Scriptural teaching has been enter upon a new era. greatly quickened. Many have been brought into the churches and the JAPANESE DEMANDS ON CHINA Christian opportunity in Japan is greater than ever before. THOSE who remember the domi- neering and often degenerate con- There are still two years and more before the plans will have been duct of some Japanese when they took carried out to reach the whole of over 'Korea are naturally disturbed at the land with the message of sal- the high-handed demands they have vation. recently made on the Government of China. They seem determined to use An English teacher in a govern- the present opportunity offered by ment school at Kyoto has been very the European war, their alliance with active and successful in securing en- three great nations, and their occutrance for Christian literature in the pation of Kiao-Chau, to press the public schools; and through his Chinese Government to grant certain efforts SIX hundred non-Christian concessions. These concessions, if schools are now being regularly sup- granted, will give them unusual priviplied with a monthly publication leges, and will make Japan so which is being specially prepared to powerful a force in China's domestic teach the doctrines of Christianity in and foreign affairs that America and a plain and simple form. The cir- Europe look on the situation with culation for one month recently was misglVl11gS. These demands are re- 32,000 copies. ported to include the following: The first Christian service, with No part of the Chinese coast and no prayer and singing, ever held in island off the coast is to be ceded or the Imperial University in Tokyo leased to any foreign Power. was on the 5th of December, when Rev. Mr. Ebina spoke to 260 men, Japan shall have exclusive mining in the large lecture hall, on "Import- rights in Eastern Mongolia and the right ant Elements in Modern Christian- of veto regarding the construction of ity." railways there.

At the Keio Gijuku, another uni- The Japanese shall be allowed to settle versity in Tokyo, with a wide in- and trade in Manchuria and Eastern fluence, an American teacher, not in Mongolia.

The lease of Port Arthur and the agreement in regard to the South Man

19I 5J SIGNS OF THE TIMES

churia Railway be extended to 99 years. Japan wishes to be recognized as in China shall transfer to Japan an Ger- any sense a civilized nation, the home government must see to it that miliman mining and railway privileges at tary as well as civil representatives Shantung. are compelled to refrain from bar- barous acts in territory under their Japan shall have the veto of mining, control. railway, and dock concessions at Fukien. What wili be the ultimate answer Japan shall, in cooperation with China, to these Japanese demands is not yet control the Hanyang iron-works, Teian known, and what may be the result iron mines, and Ping-siang collieries. of acquiescence can not be predicted. This is, however, a time to pray that China shan purchase at least half of the great republic, which is apparits arms and ammunitions from Japan, or ently earnestly seeking the Light, else arsenals under Chino-Japanese own- may be guided so that the progress ership shan be erected in China. of the Kingdom of God may not be hindered. Japan shall be granted the right to build and construct railways from Nan- SOME EFFECTS OF THE WAR chang to Hangchow, from Nanchang to Kiukiang, and from Nanchang to Wu- WHILE it is stilI too early to chang. predict or discover the full ef- In case of necessity China must can fects of the war on missionary work on Japan alone to preserve its integrity. at the home base or in non-Christian lands, there are many indications In appointing foreign officials to mili- that some fears have not been realtary, financial, and police services, China ized. Missionary societies at home shall give precedence to Japanese. are calling for advance-not retreat, and many churches are nobly re- Privileges such as are enjoyed by sponding. The widespread sufferother nations regarding the establish- ing and death are sobering men and ment of missions, churches, schools, and women in America and Europe. Inhospitals, and the purchase of land in telligent non-Christians are also connection therewith, shall be granted learning by this struggle to distinto Japanese. guish between real and nominal Christianity, between so-called civi- In spite of Japan's intimation that lized nations and the true followers the land taken from Germany would of Christ, between the failure of be restored to China, there seems lit- Europe to apply the principles of tle probability of such a course being Jesus and the success of Christ and followed. Possibly this territory will His Gospel when translated into life. be held to enforce the recent de- The war hinders some, but has not mands. put a stop to the evangelistic cam- paigns in China, or Japan, or Korea. Word received from the vicinity of F rom India missionaries write of in- Tsing-tao indicates that Japanese creased opportunity for work, hinthere have conducted themselves in dered only by the paucity of their reanything but a civilized manner. The Shantung railway has been confiscated and signs posted along each side: "Chinese Jurisdiction Stops Here." Even American mISSIOn premises have been looted and property ruthlessly destroyed. Women have been insulted, and men who protested have been threatened. If

sources. India's enthusiastic support work is being carried on in the mobil- of Great Britain in the war has made ization camps, hospitals, and among the approach of missionaries to Hin- the prisoners of war.

dus and Mohammedans easier than before-especially if they can give WOMEN AND THE WORLD'S PEACE any news of the war. Financial con- THE Federation of Women's For- ditions in Great Britain and America eign Missionary Societies and the have cut off capital expenditure, both Council of Women for Home Mis- on the part of the societies and the sions have, through their joint com- Government, and have stopt many mittee, heartily endorsed the plan for schemes for advance, notably in edu- prayer and peace propaganda through cational institutions. women's missionary societies. Arti- The greatest danger seems to be cles will appear in the women's mis- that the war will so divert attention sionary magazines, and other litera- and prayer, men and money, that the ture is being prepared. A "Pageant opportunities in China and India, in of Peace" is to be issued by the Cen- Japan and Africa, will be allowed to tral Committee on the United Study pass. Those who are praying and of Missions, and it is hoped that this watching for God's open doors will pageant, illustrating Christian ideals not hold back from entering, even at of peace, may be given in every town great cost. and village on Memorial Day; May Dr. Mott, in his impressive report 30th.

on conditions in Europe, refers to The various members of the cen- the earnestness which characterizes tral Advisory· Commission of Wo- all the warring nations, especially men's Boards have sent out the fol- Great Britain, France, and Germany. lowing statement: Before he went to the Continent he "We are suffering to-day not only was told "You will not find a selfish in our sympathies with those who are man in Europe," and he declares that involved in the awful war in Europe, this was borne out by his experience. but in the terror that to us, also, may Men and women everywhere seemed come as suddenly the horror of war.

to forget themselves and their own The strongest, most stable govern~ comfort and convenience in their sac- ments have collapsed, and the closest rifices for their country and in the human relations have broken down, struggle for the success of the cause while neutral nations and statesmen in which they are engaged. Fifty per stand powerless to aid.

cent. of the pastors in France and "Women have found relief in knit- Germany are in the armies, and 60 ting muffiers, as did their grand- per cent. of the university students mothers, but is there nothing that of Great Britain are among the Brit- women can do really to help bring ish volunteers. Great opportunities and preserve peace? Have they are offered for Christian work among learned nothing in fifty years of the the soldiers who are face to face power of organized womanhood? Is with death. Millions of copies of the there no place for our great women's Bible and Testaments are being dis- missionary societies to fill in this tributed, and. successful evangelistic crisis?

OF THE TIMES

"It was just after our own civil not already come, may come speedily war, when our country was poor and and abide. This war has often made weak and not fully united, that God it seem almost inconsistent to preach called the Christian women of Amer- a gospel of peace, and yet we need ica to carry His message of peace to more than ever before to emphasize the nations, and women's foreign mis- the fact that we are ambassadors of sionary societies were born. To-day, the Prince of Peace. This is an in- there are forty such societies, with a ternational peace movement to bring chain of peace stations extending together all Christian women who around the world. Foreign missions, will encircle the globe with prayers for being interpreted, are just inter- the exercise of Christian brotherli- national friendliness and world-neigh- ness.

borliness, based on the love and CLOSING IN ON TURKEY teaching of the World Savior. States- men and pacificists tell us of new THE seriousness of the situation plans and international laws which for Christians in the Turkish Em- will make war impossible. Poets have pire calls for the earnest, united long sung of a 'Federation of the prayer of those who dwell in security World.' God grant it. Yet while at home. British and French subjects we have sympathy with every honest have mostly been driven from Pales- effort for better legislation for world tine, Syria, Constantinople, and much peace, we know in our hearts that it of Asia Minor. There has been great will fail unless back of human poli- suffering among the native popUla- cies are the ideals and the power of tions and the American missionaries Jesus Christ. who remained have found difficulty "We do not propose to enter into the in obtaining the needed funds to sup- political side of the question, but will port their life and work. Jews and confine our efforts to a peace propa- Christians in some districts of Syria ganda based on the teaching and have endured insults and oppression spirit of Jesus. We submit no elab- at the hands of their Moslem neigh- orate program, but we will endeavor bors and rulers. Still the American to enlist individuals and societies for missionaries in European Turkey and intercession. We will teach the chil- Asia Minor continue work without dren in our homes and churches abatement. Many refer to unusually Christian ideals of peac~ and hero- cordial relations with Turkish offi- ism. We will study the New Testa- cials. This was before the allied ment and accept its teachings con- fleets began to force the Dardanelles cerning peace. We will endeavor to in order that they might capture Con- promote the understanding and friend- stantinople. This aggressive move- liness of the nations by thinking of ment may put Christians and for- none as alien, but all as children of eigners in a precarious situation.

our Heavenly Father." Already practically all the Ameri- All missionaries and others are can missionaries have left Palestine asked to make July 4th a day of and report great suffering on the part prayer rather than a celebration of of Jews and Christians. We do not vIctory-prayer that peace, if it has anticipate any general massacres, but

in case the Turkish rulers lose entire Convention in Kansas City in Decem- control of the situation mobs are apt ber, 1913, and fifty-five delegates at to break loose and work their wicked the Geneva Student Conference last will. There is some danger of blood- summer gave the nucleus about which shed in Constantinople, Smyrna, Bei- the whole campaign organized, and rut, and Damascus, hut we do not be- extensive preparations, including lieve that this will take the form of much emphasis on prayer, had been a massacre of Christians. In Con- made. As a result, nearly five hun- stantinople, for instance, the Chris- dred men decided for Christ, and the tians are almost as numerous as Mo- action taken by the university ath- hammedans, and would defend them- letes indicates the moral forces selves. No desired end would be which were set in motion by the achieved by killing the Christians, campaign. A series of resolutions and a large proportion of the Turks concerning such matters of student are opposed to the present party in conduct as betting at games, drunk- power and to their German allies. If enness among students, and pro- an internal revolution occurs, it is fanity, were drawn up and adopted.

likely to take the form of an attempt Dr. John R. Mott, Mr. Sherwood to overthrow the present government Eddy, C. D. Hurry, D. R. Porter, rather than an outbreak against and others have also been conducting Christians. It would be, however, in the most successful series of evan- harmony with the firm belief of Mos- gelistic meetings in preparatory lems in kismet (fate) if, when they schools and colleges that America has see that their cause is lost, they ever seen. In the Universities of should take flight across the Bos- Toronto, of Kansas, and of North porus into Asia. Carolina large audiences have gath- In case the Allies storm Constan- ered, and hundreds have signed cards tinople, there is, naturally, danger to to indicate their decision to follow all who remain in the city; but we Christ or to more thoroughly conse- believe that God, who has so often crate their lives to Him.

interposed to protect His people, will The recent evangelistic meetings in now care for them and will direct Yale University were said to be the the affairs of His Kingdom to vic- most remarkable ever held there.

tory. This is a time to trust and pray. Hundreds of students in Sheffield Scientific School and other depart- A UNIVERSITY EVANGEUSM ments indicated their purpose to ac- MERICAN Christians have been cept Christ. Another notable revival thrilled by the accounts of the is reported from Penn State College, thousands of students who attended where about one hundred and fifty Mr. Eddy's evangelistic meetings in Christian workers joined in the cam- China, but the Spirit of God has paign. Meanwhile, Evangelist "Billy"

been at work among the students of Sunday continues to stir Philadelphia, America as well. In the five days' including students at the University campaign at the University of Michi- of Pennsylvania, and other educa- gan, the student audiences averaged tional institutions of the city. Surely about five thousand a day. Sixty God is moving among His. people delegates at the Student Volunteer and is turning their hearts to Him. April 1st-The Iooth anniversary of the birth of Villiam C. Burns, 1815. 6th to lIth-Hebrew Christian Conference, New York. 10th-Centennial of birth of John Geddie-Miss. to New Hebrides.

May 5th to lIth-National Y. W. C. A. Convention, Los Angeles, Cal. 8th to I3th–Lutheran's (G.S.) Woman's Missionary Convention, Omaha, Neb. 12th to 17th-Southern Baptist Convention, Houston, Texas. 19th-Presbyterian United Movement Conference, Rochester, N. Y. 19th to 26th-Northern Baptist Convention, Los Angeles, Cal. 20th to 29th-General Assembly Presby. Ch., U. S. A., Newport News, Va. 20th to 30th-General Assembly Presby. Ch., U. S. A., Rochester, N. Y. 20th-The 225th anniversary of the death of John Eliot, 1690. 29th-The 100th anniversary of the Basel Missionary Society, 1815. 31st to June 4th-Women's Summer School of Missions, Los Angeles, Cal.

June 1St to 7th-Women's Summer School of Missions, Oklahoma City. 3rd to 13th-Women's Summer School of Missions, Denton, Texas. 4th-The 50th anniversary of the birth of George L. Pilkington, 1865.

4th to I4th-Y. W. C. A. Student Conference, Blue Ridge, N. C. 6th to I3th-Woman's Congress of Missions, San Francisco, Calif. 8th to I4th-Women's Summer School of Missions, Duluth, Minn. 16th to 22nd-Women's Summer School of Missions, St. Paul, Minn. 18th to 28th-Y. W. C. A. Student Conference, Silver Bay, N. Y. 23rd to 27th-International Missionary Union, Clifton Springs, N. Y. 24th to July Ist-Wornen's Summer School of Missions, Winona Lake, Ind. 24th to July 4th-Women's Summer School of Missions, Blue Ridge, N. C. 25th to July 5th-Y. TV. C. A. Student Conference, Eagles Mere, Pa. 25th-Jubilee of the China Inland Mission, founded 1865. 25th to July 4th-Missionary Education M ovt. Conf., Blue Ridge, N. C. 30th-The 600th anniversary of the Martyrdom of Raymond Lull, 1315 July 2nd to IIth-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Asilomar, Cal. 6th-Five hundredth anniversary of the Martyrdom of John Hus. 6th to 9th-International Congress on Alcoholism, Atlantic City, N. J. 6th to 13th-vVomen's Summer School of Missions, Boulder, Colo. 7th to 12th-Fifth World Christian Endeavor Convention, Chicago, Ill. 8th to 15th-il/ornen's Summer School of Missions, E. Northfield, Mass. 9th-The 75th anniversary of Martyrdom of Christians in Madagascar. 9th to I8th-Women's Summer School of Missions, Silver Bay, N. Y. 9th to 18th-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Silver Bay, N. Y.

A Farming Missionary in

SAM HlGGINBOTTOM-A PRINCETON MAN IN ALLAHABAD* Sam Higginbottom was born in Vales. As a boy he cared little for study, so that at twelve he left school to work on his father's farm. He did not want to be a preacher, but liked life in the open, and loved animals. When he was sixteen two ladies gave him a Bible which he decided to read, and through its pages he heard God calling him to preach. For this he must have an education, and as he was too old for the schools in Vales, his thoughts turned to lfount Hermon school in America, where his half-brother had studied. After some delay, his father consented, and Sam left for America in August, r894.

Four years at Mount Hermon; two at Amherst; two at Princetonwhat next? Three years in the seminary, then some foreign field, Higginbottom thought. India, 11OW, God said.

One afternoon in the Y. M. C. A. at Trenton, N. J., he met Henry Forn1an of India, and unexpectedly rode with him to Lawrenceville, five or six miles by trolley. As a result, Sam agreed to go to India at once, if the Presbyterian Board would send him without theological training.

He went, and in India fonnd a double work. The new man was expected to look after the Blind Asylum and the Leper Asylum, but when he saw the broken-down mud-huts filled with poor lepers in all stages of the loathsome disease, Sam Higginbottom made up his mind to refuse to do this work.

As they were leaving the place he saw lying on the ground near a tree a leper covered with flies, which he had neither ambition or strength to drive from him. Then God spoke to Higginbottom, and he remembered that this leper was a brother for whom his Master had died.

The young missionary agreed to accept the oversight of the Leper Asylum, and went. to work to improve conditions. Now, in place of the broken-down huts, there are neat homes and new buildings, a children's home, and a chapel. Instead of five Christians, more than half out of a total of over three hundred lepers have taken Christ as their Lord and Savior.

In Ewing Christian College, Allahabad, he has established a model farm where boys are trained to self-support. This farm is known alI over India. Governors and native Rajahs send to inspect it, and Mr. Higginbottom is in great demand to explain the improved system of agriculture that will help to redeem India from the curse of grinding poverty and will enable the growing Christian Church to become self-supporting. (See article on page 247.) * From a sketch by Miss Belle M. Brain in The Sunday-School Times.

INDIA FROM

Professor Sam Higginb<>ltom with students and faculty of the Agricultural Department of Ewing Christian College, Allahabad, India The Gospel of the Plow In India AGRICULTURAL MISSION WORK IN EWING CHRISTIAN COLLEGE BY PROF. SAM. HIGGINBOTTOM, ALLAHABAD, INDIA Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, Professor of Agriculture in the Ewing Christian College, and Supel"intendent of the Leper Asylum WELVE years ago, books were English and American, and the illustrations for economic mT while I was a student truths were very difficult for Indian at Princeton Univer- students to grasp. In order to bring sity, I received what I the theories into relation to the stu- believe to be a call of dent's own experience I used to take God to go as an unor- groups of them out on the frequent dained missionary to the lower caste holidays to the railway workshops, peoples of India. brick-kilns, jails, and villages, m search of economic illustrations. When I reached the field my brethren of the mission said : "We are very Certain facts soon forced themselves glad, indeed, that you came out for upon my attention. One of these this low caste work, but just now we facts was that India is a land of ,one need a man to teach in the college, so occupation, namely, farming. Eighty you would better go there." In a per cent. of its people get their livmission institution, they seldom ask a ing out of the soil, and I believe that man what he can teach, but look India will forever remain, primarily, around to see what is needed, and an agricultural country. They have a then tell him to go and teach it. They growing season twelve months in the gave me Economics," a subject that I year, so that with proper cultivation knew very little about. T~e text-

of the soil, rotation of crops, and ir- ers usually think they know all about rigation, the land need never be idle. that condition. When I was work- ing my way through Princeton, dur- From the first of October to the ing freshman year, I did my own middle of March the weather in north cooking, and lived at the rate of India is perfectly delightful. After eighty cents to a dollar a week. I that it begins to warm up a bit. Dur- used to feel sorry for myself, and ing May and June the shade tempera- feared that there was danger that I tures run anywhere from I IO to 120; would permanently injure my health, the sun temperature is between 165 and yet my physical appearance does and 180. We call this the hot weather. not indicate that I ever suffered People occasionally ask what I do much. The kind of poverty expe- during this extremely hot weather, rienced in America is of a different and I say that if by night I find my- type from the poverty of India. The self alive I consider I have done a poverty there is degrading and de- 'pretty good day's work; that is about basing; it is life-destroying. It robs all that you can expect in that ex- manhood, womanhood, and childtremely hot weather. About July 1st hood of all that is best. More people the monsoon bursts, and during the succeeding three months we usually wiII lie 'down hungry to-night in Inget as much rain as falls in America during a whole twelve months. Dur- dia . than live in all North Ameri<;a. ing the rainy season the humidity is More than one-third of that great so great that shoes which you took population of 315,000,000 n eve r off at night have a coat of lovely know, from the cradle to the grave, mold in the morning. A moldy Bible what it is to have enough to eat. does not mean at all that the owner Over 100,000,000 of them live at the has not consulted that sacred book rate of one cent a day per capita. for that day; it simply means that Grown men come to me and say: "I it has not been wiped off that morn- would not care if I could get one ing. During the rains one generally good meal in two days." A good has prickly heat, not only all the time meal to these. people means only but also pretty much all over. The re- bread made ,from coarser grains, sult of these discomforts is that the which, if we should attempt to eat, same attention is not given to the mill would. mal<;e U!3 f~el that our 'digesand faetory that there would be in a tive apparatus is not designed for more temperate dime. Every industrr that kind of food. Yet these men that depends for its conduct upon the say, "If I could get all of that bread mill and factory system has great I want once in two days I would be difficulty in getting the sufficient satisfied." amount of labor, even in a country teeming with people. The superintendent of banks for the· Rajah of Benares, a Hindu gen- Poverty of India tleman, told me that I had no con- ception of the suffering 'and poverty Another fact that I learned in my of the Indian villages. If you were visits to the villages was that India to visit anyone of ,the numerous vilis a land of extreme poverty. Preach- lages of the Ganges valley, and could persuade the ·people of some

GOSPEL OF THE PLOW IN INDIA

house to bring out all their household .made unclean. If the B'rahman is furniture, wearing apparel, cooking cooking dinner and the shadow of a utensils, personal effects, agricul- low caste man falls upon the food, it tural implements-all their worldly must be thrown away; it has been goods-you could buy the whole out- made unfit for his consumption. fit new in the village bazaar for less The best way to see Benares is to than five dollars. These people have float down the river in a boat, and as no capital, and things which we re- you do this you notice several places gard as absolute necessities have not from which smoke is ascending. This yet dawned upon their horizon as means there is a cremation of dead possibilities. There is no magic in bodies at the burning· ghats. These THE OLD AND THE NEW WAY OF THRESHING IN INDIA Threshing by oxen costs 50 cents a hundred pounds, and the result is grain mixed with dung and dirt. Threshing by machinery is quick and clean, and costs only 6 cents a hundred pound.

the transmutation of an American places are kept clean by low class penny into a gold penny in India. peoples, and when a fresh corpse is Every commodity that the Indian about to be brought in they must uses is a commodity in a world mar- leave, as their presence would polket for which world-market prices' lute even the dead. must be paid. Before I went out to India, I had Of the 100,000,000 or more people no idea that anywhere on earth any in India, who are so poor, about considerable body of men and wo- 60,000,000 are known to us as out- men, as a regular, normal thing, castes. The Brahman speaks of them would eat carrion. In the second by the very suggestive phrase, "un- book of Kings, the sixth chapter, we touchables." If the shadow of a low read that men and women did what caste man fall upon a Brahman, he would be normally repugnant and must take a bath, for he has been loathsome to them. Their ~xqtse Wall

the army of Benhadad at. the gate. erally by tens of thousands. The The Chamars, the great leather- Bishop of Madras says with a suffiworking caste in north India, regard cient force of teachers in south Inas their choicest perquisite the cattle dia IO,OOO,OOO of these folk could be that die of disease; the Dam re- gathered into the Christian fold in gards any dog he is lucky enough to one generation. A Methodist bishop hit over the head or that he finds in north India says that in six years, dead by the roadside, as a good din- with sufficient teachers and equipner. These are not the kind of peo- ment, 2,000,000 of these people ple you would like in your drawing- can be won to Christ. There are rooms. They are often disgustingly districts in north India where there filthy; their habits do not make them are 40,000 people 011 a waiting-li5t of attractive. The upper caste man says the missions, and there are individual to these low caste people : "You were churches with from I ,500 to 2,000 born down in a horrible pit, amid the people waiting to be admitted. We miry clay; that is your fate; it's the are compelled to say to these people, will of God for you, and you were "Vait a bit, -do not come quite so 110t only born there, but you are to fast, for we can not take care of stay there. It is inconceivable that you." you should ever get out of that position, because God put you there." Once, when I was riding on the train in north India, I noticed on ThE! Gospel for the Poor each side of the track one great beautiful, sun-kissed wheat field, ripe, The Christian missionary comes and ready for the harvest. As the along, and looks down into this aw- wind rippled through this ripened ftilmess, and says: grain, I noticed that a lot of it was shaken out, and, falling to the "Have you not heard that there ground, was lost. There is something was One who came to seek and to peculiarly pathetic about the losing save just such as you are? Do you of a harvest. Men do not plow for not know that there is One whose fun. They do not put their seed arm is not shortened that it can not into ,the ground just to bury it and save? He can reach down and take get rid of it. They do not weed and you out of ·that horrible pit, and set water and watch day and night just your feet upon a rock, and put a for the sake of having something to new song in your mouth." occupy their time. Men go through all the dull, dreary drudgery of plow- This low caste man, almost brother ing, through all the painful toil, to ·the beast, turns his face toward buoyed up by the glad hope of the the light, and says, "Is it really coming harvest. true? Is there a way out for me?" As I look out over this great God- "That is the good news," says the ward tide of humanity in north In- Christian missionary, "there is a way dia, th~ greatest stream of humanity Qut for you." at one time ever seen headed toward , And. these' people are coming to the Kingdom of God, I think about Christ to-day, not bY' tens or hun- the prophets and the apostles. I dredsQr even by thousands, but lit-

GOSPEL OF THE PLOW IN I

sian work in India are problems not of failure but of success.

.N INDIA N MOWING-MA CIllNE Rice Christiana If this ma n wastes no time he can cut eno ugh gra"s r occasionally meet people' who in one day to feed one horse. A modern mowing- say, "Oh, yes, we have been in India. machin e can c ut s (.! verai tons in the sa me tim e We have seen the kind of people you persuade to come into the Christhink of our Lord Himself, going tian Church by holding out to them promises of material gain. They through the cities and villages, teach- have come for the loaves and the fi shes. They are rice-Christians. I ing in the synagogs, heal ing all man- ans wer, "Yes, all yo u say is true. These people have come to Christ for ner of sickness and disease; and what they can get out of Him, and which one o f you who has really when he saw the multitudes scat- come to Him, feels that you got nothing out of coming? I confess tered abroad, the sheep having no th at . Illy conve rsion means a com- plete right-about-turn in my Ii fe. shepherd, He said to His disciples, The old was put away, all things be- came new, and all that I am, and all "The harvest truly is plenteous, but that I have, and all that I hope to be, I received when I came to Jesus the laborers are few. Pray ye there- Christ. I have always thought that fore the Lord of the harvest that He r got someth ing well worth having."

thru st forth laborel-s into His har- Vben we consider the unworthy Illotives with which some of us have vest." I have an idea that when come in the Kingdom-many a man Jesu s asked His disciples to pray (Pho tQ by Prof. Vi viCl/l:.) l N DIAN METHOD OF DEEP 'flL ….. NG this prayer He had in mind that th ey This is th eir only method and costs 10 cents a IOU should seek to answer it. . square feet. An American plow can do the work Think of the great company of better at 1 per cent. of the cost men and women who since our Lord's day have gone forth, not counting their own lives clear unto themselves, most of them I a y in g down their lives, like the sainted Henry Martyn, without seeing a sin- gle convert Those of ll S who li ve to-day are given the privilege of reaping the fruits of their labor. To- day is the great day of Christian op- portunity in India. If we neglect it, to-niorrow will be the day 'of our great despair. The problems of mis-

BREAKING UP THE SOIL WITH AN AMERICAN PLOW The first year this plow requires ten oxen, but it makes deep furrows and so helps to conserve the moisture and increase fertility, . The second year onIy four oxen are necessary has joined the Church to improve in such full measure as ours by right. his business, many a woman to get vVe forget that every good and every into a better social set-is it right to perfect gift cometh down from God. judge harshly these who have come from so low down? It is not the Why should our Lord have insertmotive which leads a man or a wo- ed so materialistic a petition in the man to come to Jesus Christ that prayer which He taught His disreally matters, but it is the motive ciples? Our daily bread comes to us that leads him or her to stay. God so easily, our tables are so heavily Almighty is raising up to Himself laden. We suffer so much from indiout of these despised people a body gestion and over-eating that it is of believers for whom no one on hard for us to understand that it is earth need apologize. In their' spirit really necessary for any to pray, of sacrifice, they are not behind any "Lord, give us this day our daily Christians on earth. bread." Yet it is a fact of history, let alone religion, that only those peo- In consulting the literature on this ples who pray that prayer seem to subject, have you ever run across the have had it fully answered. The great phrase, "rice-Hindu" or "rice-Mo- famines have been in the non-Chrishammedan"? I never have. Does tian world. So the term "rice-Chrisnot this indicate that neither Hindu- tian" is perhaps a crown of glory ism nor Mohammedanism have any- upon the head of our Lord, for the thing to spare? Noone is accused religion that He brought into the of taking up those faiths for what world has enough in it to spare for they can get out of them. We take the last lost son or daughter of God the blessings that Christ brought and man even to the uttermost parts into the world, and which we enjoy of the earth.

GospEL OF THE PLOW IN INDIA

Starting an Agricultural Minion After discussing the matter thor- oughly the mission voted unanimous- When I learned ~hat India was ly to send me home to study agriculthe lanq of such extreme poverty ture, to secure men to help, and to and of one occupation, I went to raise funds to carryon agricultural certain missionary educators and to work. I came home and studied, government officials, and I said, "If government and missions are justi- and friends gave us $25,000 and two fied in any kind of education, are they not justified in that kind of edu- men. In the meantime, Dr. Arthur cation which most directly concerns Ewing was working hard in India, the great majority of the people of In- and, with the help of the government, dia? Should we not teach these people how to get more out of their soil?" secured a farm of 275 acres. The They replied that it was too difficult, too expensive. The people of India money paid for the farm, built catare so unteachable that it would tle barns, bought stock and American never do. No one said that the thing implements, so that we are fairly was wrong. It is a new idea of well equipped with a demonstration Christianity to me that shrinks from farm. doing the right thing because it is difficult or big. Are not the great As soon as we began work a numtriumphs of our faith due to the fact ber of Christian boys came and said; that God takes the weak things of the world to confot1nd the mighty? "Sir, we would like to study agri- culture."

"I am very sorry," I replied, "but we have no dormitories, no labora- tories; we can not take you in."

"But you have this good American A NATIVE INDIAN PLOW SCRATCHING THE SURFACE This plow can never do good work, and is strong enough to be used only where the ground is moist and comparatively soft

machinery," they said, "and we have shed, so that finally we had to say, heard that in America boys work "No more." their way through college. Could we not do that here?" When I was' a student at Mount Hermon school, D. L. Moody used This struck a tender chord in l11e, to come back from his great evanbecause I had had the fun of work- gelistic campaigns, and would tell tiS ing my way through college; so I ar- of the dudes, the walking cIothes- racks, the men who if they rolled ranged to give each boy about $2.50 their own cigarets were suffering from physical exhaustion. This type a month as a scholarship. They did not appeal to him, and he told us chose a shady tree as kitchen and that he wanted his Mount Hermon dining-room, another as bedroom, boys to be able to do things in this world, to be Minute Men, to be able to eat soup with a one-tined fork, and to sleep on a hay-mow. These boys in I n d i a would make Mr. Moody's heart glad, because, in spite of discouragement and difficulties, they stuck to their jobs.

GROWN ON THE MISSION FAJl.M Are Famines Preventable?

Tith improved methods of cultivation these crops Two questions arise in the mind are produced 30 tons to the acre of every thoughtful student of India, one is, "Are the famines, which have . and during the cold weather and the can sed stich untold economic suffer- hot weather they got along very well. ing and loss in India, preventable?" But when the rains came they would One of the editors of The Christian need a roof over their heads, or they Herald told me that his paper had would be sick. I was very much collected and sent out over $4,000,- worried as to what to do, but when 000 to heip the famine victims of In- the rains came, they simply picked up dia. Fifteen dollars a year is con- their little string and bamboo beds, sidered sufficient to feed, clothe, and went over to the cattle-shed, and educate one of' these famine or- said to the oxen, "Get up there and phans. It is not really enough, but let us in." I have since learned that it has kept alive thousands, and has there is a limit even to the number of done immeasurable good. If this boys you can crowd into a cattle- same amount of money were spent in famine prevention, I believe that all of the famines of India could be pre- vented. It means better tools, for the implements of the Indian farmer are so inefficient that he sits in helpless inactivity whenever conditions are not favorable to his methods. Also, he must have his power guaranteed,

GOSPEL OF THE PLOW I N I NDI A

and his power comes from oxen. What a Financial Canvaaa Reveal. These animals are always the first to suffer in a famine. The introduction Let us imagine ourselves in one of of the silo into India, so that they those little Indian villages, where, can be filled in years of plenty, will during the last years we have had enable us to do for h~dia what Jo- five hundred new converts. This seph did in the years of plenty in large .number makes necessary an en- Egypt to prepare for the lean years. largement of the church building.

The other question is this : We all A },fISSION CROP Or' SORGUM VULGARE IN JNDIA recognize that the missionary enterprise is temporary. The day is com- With native methods of agriculture tbe Indian ing when all shall know the Lord, fa nner raises less than 4 tons to the acre. Across and when this glad day comes in In- the road the mission farlll, by American methods, dia, what will we leave behind us as raises 30 tOllS to the acre. Some of this sorgum a result of Christian endeavor ? If vulgare grows 17 feet high. On the native farm it it is a weak, wobbly little church, that can totter along only so . long as gro ws on}y 2 to 3 feet. high it is subsidized by the gifts of American and European Christians, will In our present church the walls are the enterprise really be successfui? I about eight feet high, and are built think not. Our minimum standard of solid mud. The ladies of the must be a self-supporting, self-pro- congregation have taken some cowc pagating church. How is this to be dung and clay, mixed these with brougllt about among people so water, and have plastered the walls poor ? We must improve the eco- with them. The hot sunshine has nomIc condition or a sel f-sup- dried them into a lovely brown; The porting church is not within the range of possibility. Our work has, therefore, as one of its objects the development of a church that can pay its own pastors and teachers, build and equip its houses of wor~ ship, and meet the needs of its own community.

My Indian neighbors are ralsmg only six or eight bushels of wheat per acre, while on the mission farm we get from twenty-five to thirty bushels of wheat per acre. There is the same soil, with the same amount of sunshine and rain, the only difference being in the method of cultivation and in the seed chosen. Some may ask: "How is this related to a self-supporting church?"

roof is of nice, straight bamboos, way you pass by the whole com- with clean straw for a thatch. The munity.

buildings cost about twenty-five dol- N ow, if one of our Christian boys, lars. Now, before the new members trained on the mission farm, can go can be admitted, it must be enlarged. . among these people and teach them So we decide to have an every- how to raise even twenty bushels of member canvass. Of course, the wheat to the acre in place of six or only proper way to finance a church eight, we have immediately brought is to get every member of the con- within their range at least one good gregation to give systematically. meal a day for this village, and we These members are living at the have solved the problem of church giddy rate of one cent a day. We finance. If there is any other way go to our assignments and approach, to bring about a strong, self-support- first, a small clump of mud houses. ing church I will gladly try it.

One of the men of the family is Jesus said that on the Day of Judg- working in the fields. He is a mid- ment he would say to a very sur- dle-aged man with a wife and four prized group of people, "Come ye children. Times are pretty good, so blessed of my Father."

that he is getting about two dollars "Why, Lord, why are we blessed?"

a month. As we walk toward him, "You saw me hungry, and you we plan how much we shall ask him gave me to eat."

to give. Just then two of his little "No, Lord, we never saw you."

children-a small boy of about six "Yes," Jesus says, "when you and a tiny girl of about four-ran taught that little famine-curst village out to their father. It is very fool- to grow twenty bushels of wheat in ish to waste clothes on such little place of six or eight you were helpchildren in such a warm country, so ing to feed the hungry, and when they are simply drest in their birth- you taught those people how to grow day suits. This gives us a chance to three bales of cotton in place of one, see that instead of nice little fat, you were helping to clothe the plump legs they have two straight naked." sticks of bones. It is easy to count the ribs, because they are all in plain We do not read that Jesus went sight. Their little faces are pinched about only saying good thIngs ; He with hunger, and we see that they went about doing good. The work have never had sufficient nourishing that I am doing in India I do befood. You say to your team-mate, cause of my faith in Him. A gospel "If we take any money from that that begins with words and ends with man it means that those children are words is not the Gospel of the Son going to be still further robbed of of God. Unless His life in me drives food, and I haven't the nerve to my feet into paths of usefulness, and teaches my hands to do loving deeds, then I have something less than the countenance any such transaction. Gospel which He brought into the We will pass him by." In the same world.

A SETTLEMENT OF THE CRIMINAL CASTE IN NELLORE, SOUTH

Two hundred hulsl containing 600 men, women, and children are located ill the Erukala Settlement, just back of the Baptist Mission compound in Kavali Saving Criminals In South India BY MRS. DAVID DOWNIE, NELLORE, SOUTH INDIA Missionary of the American Daptist Foreign Mission Society CATTERED through- was called Cttttiiree vanoru, "scissors men," because they used to cut off mS out India are a num- ears with scissors in order to get the ber of criminal tribes, jewels. forming a sort of caste. They are professional The thieves strip and oil their bod- criminals because their ies, so that they can not easily be fathers and grandfathers were crimi- caught. They are, however, much nals before them,and they regard their afraid of firearms. crime not only as a legitimate means of existence, but even as a part of their The government of Madras decided religion. For many years thieving and that prevention is better than reformurder have been on the increase. In mation, and discovered that the peni- 1903, when taking a friend to a sta- tentiary does not reform the crimition sixty miles away, we traveled nal. For the protection of the public, in a dog-cart dr.aM'n by coolies. At the Criminal Tribes Act was passed, the back sat a man with a loaded requiring all the criminals in the coungun to keep away bandits. There try to be registered and segregated in was a dangerous pass, twenty miles settlements, where they could work in from Nellore, where Dacoits used the mica mines, be under police to spring out upon unwary travel- supervision, and receive favorable iners. As Indian men load their wo- struction. The Inspector-General men with jewelry, the thieves often asked that all the Erukalas (a tribe secured much loot. In our district, living entirely by thieving) registered one division of the thieving tribe for settlements in Madras province be located near the Kavali mission.

The people also decided that they pre- the Ne1lore district, was attracted to ferred the mission to the government the work, and he gave Mr. Bullard settlement, and in October, 19I2, the privilege of receiving 'asmany twenty-two families appeared at the as he desired. "1ithin six months mission compound and asked to be re- 62 families had come, comprising 200 ceived. At first the missionary did not people, and, later, these increased to know what to do, b11t realizing that at over 200 families, with 600 people. the government settlement they would A little hamlet of their own was have no religious instruction, Rev. built, situated on the mission land, near the bungalow, and there they OXE OF THE S ETTLE).{E~T HUTS lived in their own houses of mud and palmyra, arranged in straight, Edwin Bullard, the Baptist nl1Ssion- broad avenues. ary, allowed the families to camp 111 the back of the compound. The government gave the mission a hundred acres, beside fifty acres Thus the people were brought to of swamp land, which could be dethe mission doors, instead of the mis- veloped profitably. The settlement sionary going out to seek them. Gov- also received the leaves of 1,000 date ernment gave land for agricultural palms in a grove eleven miles away, purposes, and liberal grants of money and an equal number of palmyra for starting other industries, such as trees, which yield fiber for brushes. weaving, basket- and mat-making. The The government has ~also given Mr. people were encouraged to come to Bullard 200 rupees a month, and church, and the children were taken 5,000 rupees were given for the erecinto school and taught. Thus the tion of work-sheds and the purchase whole settlement received a great up- of looms. The agricultural departlift. ment specified 3,000 rupees for the purchase of an oil-engine and pump.. But the old thieving propensity Last year 15,000 rupees were prostill lies dormant, and tho there has vided for the extension of the work. been a decided decrease in, crime about the district in general, there is The settlement is a penal colony much petty thieving in the v~cinity of only in a slight degree. As long as the various settlements. the people b~have themselves they have all the advantages of free men. Soon after, the attention of Mr. At- There is, however, a roll-call three kinson, superintendent of police for times during day and twice at night, to make sure that none escape to commit crimes and depredations.

The training is thorough and prac- tical. A large number of men are kept at work daily, and a large firm in Madras has agreed to take all the fiber the settlement can furnish. There is also basket- and mat-weav- ing and clothing-making. Several looms have been installed, and many

SAVI;'IIG CRIMINALS IN SOUTH

of the people are becoming expert lustily, but when the teacher leads in weavers. The men belonging to the p ray e r every voice is instantly settlement are each paid two annas hushed . (about four cents) a day, and are dependent for the remainder of their The "Cathedral" of Kavali IS stlpport on the making of mats and built of blocks of laterite-a red, rope. porous clay-and roofed with thatch. The floor is of mud, and there is an Success in the religious work for abundance of ventilation. On the these people depends largely upon floor every Sunday may be seen old getting hold of the children, and, and young criminals seated in classes, through them, reaching the parents. being taught by Christian teachers WOMEN OF THE CRIMINAL CASTE AT THE KAVALl SETTLEMENT Every day the children are taught and preachers. Old women who forsimple Gospel truths, so that they merly went the rounds of the villearn to weave them into their play, lages, telling fortunes and planning singing Christian hymns to mark crime, sit quietly, happy to hear the time in their games. Gospel so long denied them. About forty of the children have been Sunday is the great day at Kavali. taken into the boarding-schools by In the infant class of the Sunday- Mrs. Bullard, to get them away from school nearly one hundred bright- the corrupt influence of their parents eyed, alert little boys and girls listen and to give them more thorough to the lesson as taught by Miss Bul- Christian teaching. lard. The children enter into everyt~ing with enthusiasm. They sing After a few months the: seed sown

began to bear fruit. Many exprest while at the government settlem.ent a desire to become Christians. One such cases were of frequent occurday four boys carne to the mission rence. and asked to be baptized. They were told that their parents might object, The government, realizing that the but they declared that it made no dif- Erukalas are becoming a changed ference, they would be baptized any people, prefers that the settlements way. be under mission influence, and has requested the Salvation Army and The change in the habits of these other missions in South India to unpeople has been wonderful. At the dertake the work. end of the first year of the work, crime had decreased 75 per cent. in The Erukalas as a class are above the region where the settlement is the average in intelligence. If the situated. In one large town, where right direction can be given to the there were formerly ISO known de- ability of these criminal peoples, in predators, crime had practically dis- future years there will go out from appeared. The deputy magistrate of among them skilled laborers ready to the district at the end of the first take their places in the industrial life year found his cases for trial re- of the nation; where before went duced from 200 to 60. Not one case thieves and murderers will go out was reported of a criminal I~aving preachers, teachers, and evangelists, carrying .the Gospel message to the the mission to return io the old life, uttermost borders of the empire.

WHY SHOULD EVERY CHURCH GIVE TO MISSIONS First. Because the Master commands. He said "Go," and every church must participate in the going or fail in its loyalty to Him.

Second. Because the money is greatly needed. The work is enlarging, the unentered fields are calling, the missionaries plead for funds for their work, and the decisive hour for Christianity in foreign fields has come.

Third. Because the churches need the partnership. The churches need to be saved as well as the heathen. Only the church that goes is promised the blessing of the presence of Christ. A worthy part in world missions will save the churches from littleness, worldliness, and sectarianism.

Fourth. Because the Gospel is adequate to save. One needs but to see the transformations worked by the Gospel in mission lands to have his faith greatly strengthened.

Fifth. Because only through the churches and their giving will the lost world be reached. A native chief in Ceritral Africa recently said to one of our missionaries: "White man, if you do not com~ and tell us the words of God, we have no opportunity."

Sixth. Because the large work of world redemption includes all Christian work in its blest circle. Get a church deeply interested in the work of Christ in distant lands, and you will have no trouble in interesting it in every good work everywhere.-Missionary Intelligencer.

War and French

BY M. ALFRED CASALIS, PARIS, FRANCE Secretary of the Paris Evangelical Socie1ty* HE ….:………..,.,If"":R>=1 present war of had to honor them. Thus all avail- I9I4-I9I5 will bring able resources had to be drawn upon about great alterations and at the end of the first six months and results, not only in of the financial year there was a de- political matters and ficiency of about $100,000. This must in ethnical problems, be paid when the war is over.

but when the war is over the whole How to procure money for the Christian world must readjust its other six months, in order that the ideas, aims, and methods as to the missionaries may not starve, is a difevangelization of non-Christian peo- ficult problem. For over six months ples. In prayer and in earnest medi- business has been at a standstill in tation we must prepare ourselves for France. All men ranging from 20' to coming circumstances and for the 48 years of age have been "m.obilized" golden opportunities which God will and are either at the front, in the offer us. But while war is raging, auxiliary services, or in military and those events are in course of workshops and depots. A severe preparation, missionary societies are moratorium practically stops paysuffering. The Paris Evangelical ments out of incomes and invest- Missionary Society, for instance, ments. Salaries have also been finds itself in a very serious predica- greatly reduced. Funds have also ment. We have already received some had to be raised to help care for the help from friends over the seas, and, many hundreds of thousands of refuabove all, from God, whose care and gees pouring in from Belgium and loving-kindness we have experienced the North of France. even in the darkest hours. More than half of the pastors of The Financial Situation the French Reformed Presbyterian Church (the largest Protestant body April I, 1914, all appropriations of in France) have been compelled to the Paris society for the coming year leave their parishes to join their regihad been voted by the Board, and ments. The ecclesiastical work in each of the eight mission fields had many parishes is carried on by laybeen advised as to the amount set men, or by the wives of the minisaside for its work. ters, some of the latter having even gone into the pulpit and preached ex- When the war broke out very few cellent sermons. All missionary colsubscriptions had been received, and lections and meetings are practically they stopt completely. The drafts impossible. From Alsace not a penny drawn by the missionaries, however, could be sent (a loss of some continued to come in, and the society *Founded in 1822. Mission-fields: Basutoland (1833); Senegal (1863); Tahiti (1863); Zambesi (BarotsHand) (1885); Mare (1891); Kongo (1892); Madagascar (1896); New Caledonia (1899). 108 missionaries. Income, about $200,000.

$15,000 to the society). In Switzer- With deep feelings of gratitude we land, the mobilization, the great re- received the generous help of duction in business, in industrial and friends in England and Scotland. 'commercial enterprise, cut down sub- Hearing of our financial distress, scriptions from that country (ano.ther Christian friends*' in England and heavy loss, perhaps about $20,0(0). Scotland started an "Emergency Fund" in favor of our two South The northern provinces of France A frican missions, situated in British -which are the richest from an in- territory. Should these efforts be dustrial, commercial, and agricultural successful the French Christians point of view-not only could send us would be free to apply all their enno money, but needed help, since ergies to raising funds for Qur workmany of their lands, villages, and ers in French colonies (:'fadagascar. properties have been destroyed.

A NATIVE BASUTO CHIEF AND HIS MEN, SOUTH AFRICA The Mission Board took steps to Kongo, Senegal, Tahiti, Mare, and reduce expenses 50 per cent. during New Caledonia). the second half-year (ending on' the 31st of March, 1915). All salaries The Missionaries and Home Workers (home and foreign) were reduced 20 per cent.; the number of employees In the first days of August all of at the home base has been cut down; our missionaries under 48 were called all furloughs have been postponed; by letter or by wire to report at milinew miSSIOnaries have been held tary headquarters. back; all building has been stopt, and the salaries of native workers have Those at work in French colonies been almost entirely discontinued. In were "mobilized" where they resided; this way the budget of expenses has after being kept at the military depots been reduced to $57,000 for the last six months of the financial year. "The London Missionary Society. the Church :Missionary Society, the Edinburgn Continuation Committee", the Conference of Missionary Societies in Great Jiritain and Ireland, an(j other religious bodies, are also taking special interest in our cause, and giving practical and tangible proofs of their sympathy.

for a few days, they were allowed to Some members of the Board and return to their mission stations; home staff have also been called to their services were not required, as the front, among them Pastor D. Madagascar, the Kongo, and Senegal Couve, our home secretary, a memwere not in danger from attack. The ber of the Edinburgh Continuation island of Tahiti was bombarded, but Committee; our treasurer, our cashthe buildings of the mission did not ier, and our accountant. N at less suffer. than twenty-one of our missionary students are either fighting at the front Five missionaries in France on fur- or are undergoing military preparalough were sent to the trenches at the NATIVE CANOES ON THE ZAMBESI RIVER, SOUTH AFRICA front or were employed in the hos- tion. One has been kiIled eM. Franpitai or s,mitary services. cis M;onod, a son of the Pastor of LilIe) . The South African missions have suffered most from this obligatory One of these young men, a medimilitary service. Five missionaries cal missionary student, writes on from Basutoland and five from Bar- January 7th describing how his batotsiland have been sent to the front. talion stormed some trenches and One has been killed eM. Frank Es- suffered heavy losses. He says: cande, son of our Madagascar mis" sionary). Out of fifteen mission- ". . . A little later on, at the very aries, two only arc unmarried men. minute we were going to leave the Nine of them have left their wives trenches, the enemy began to bomand children in Basutoland Or in bard us with big 210 mm. shells, ]3arotsiland. which are real volcanoes. The third fell two yards away £rom me:. . .

SOME BASUTO HEATHEN GIRLS, SOUTH AFRICA I was covered with blood-not my ment was decimated. On the morning own, but that of my dying and dead of the 22nd of September, in less comrades. I did not lose my self- than half an hour, my battalion was control, there was no time for that. reduced from 1,000 men to 350. All As soon as possible, following our our officers were killed or wounded, doctor, we ran along the trenches, and for two days we had only two picking up the wounded, following in sergeants to command us. During the tracks of each shell as it fell in those days, under a shower of bulthe very midst of us. It was ghastly lets, shrapnel, and big shells, we ~ad work! One can imagine none more from sunrise till ten at night, to pick so. Oh! God! how awful . . . I do up the wounded and carry them off not understand how I came off un- over almost impossible paths, after scathed! I dare not think of it at having first drest their wounds. The all. 1 can only pray with a feeling of dead were in great numbers at our awe. . . . We are surrounded by sides; sometimes they had to be left death, brutal and sudden." for more than twenty-four-. hours, and we had to live close to them, to Another man, who was to have left eat often with hands covered with last year for Madagascar, writes: blood, having no water with which to wash. . . . ". . . It was awful. I have seen death at close quarters, and our suf- "1 can assure you that after such ferings have been endless. My regi-

15] THE WAR. AND FRENCH

an experience one feels ripe and missionaries, five members of the ready for missionary work. 'All Board of Directors, four members of things work together for good to the home staff, and twenty-seven stuthose who love God.' I believe that, dents-forty-five men in all. Their and this great trial has already" been lives are daily exposed, and we dare good for me. I have indeed felt the hardly hope that they will all come presence of God and His strength out unscathed from this fiery ordeal. during those dark hours, and my But through God's help and blessing, pocket Testament has w11ispered many write to say that even in the words of encouragement. . . . Vhen trenches they have felt the presence shall I be able to return to the mis- of His everlasting love. They have sion house?' God knows. May He been comforted and upheld, physicalgrant that it be soon. Until then ly and spiritually, and they will, if may He give us strength to do our God wills, come back from this great duty!" war hardened in body, strengthened in soul, and, having seen the horrors To sum up, we have been deprived of human warfare, wiII throw themtemporarily of the services of fifteen A CONTRAST-CHRISTIAN BASUTO GIRLS, SOUTH AFRICA This is a knitting class in the French Basuto Mission

selves with renewed ardor into the the Upper Zambesi among the very great battle against sin and for the uncivilized and heathen Barotsi. He Kingdom of Peace and Righteous- says: ness. "I called together all the men from Some Results of the War Sesheke, and fully explained to them our financial difficulties, as well as It is difficult to predict the re- the impossibility to promise any salsults of the war as regards the cause ary to our native schoolmasters. of missions at the home base. Many of our best friends and supporters "vVithin a week a large number of have been stricken in their own fam- those men came back to the station ilies, sons and husbands having been declaring that on no account were killed. At a small prayer-meeting of the schools to be closed, and that in fifty persons in our mission-house spite of the present dearth of grain chapel, there were representatives of they would be answerable for the five families who had lost one or salaries of the schoolmasters, and more of their loved ones. They will, promised me $250 for this year. no doubt, feel impelled by their very sorrow to make still greater sacri- "It was touching to listen to them, fices for God's work. and we feel greatly encouraged. We see from this that they appreciate On the other hand, others face all that has been done for them and financial ruin through the destruc- for their people, altho they do not tion of. their homes, industries, and often express their gratitude. This farms. All church services are shows that even our hardened Bareverywhere well attended, especially otsi are good at heart." in Paris, and we can not doubt that a renewal of spiritual life will mani- On the other hand, there are those fest itself among Christians. This whose anxious questions are most will bear fruit for the good of the distressing. They can not under- Church, and at home and in the mis- stand how real Christians can fight sion fields. each other.

As to the effects of the war on the Let us not forget our great re- Christian converts in our mission sponsibilities. Christian generosity fields, letters from missionaries show will uphold all missionary societies that the impression produced on the and their enterprise in the world. native mind is twofold: We feel sure of that, even should this war last many more months. Some are especially interested in But how shall we answer the questhe welfare of their missionaries, and tion of the Kanak, which rises also since the war has reduced the latter's to the lips of the Japanese, the Chisalaries and the comforts of their nese, and the Africans? homes, the native Christians show great thoughtfulness in bringing vVhat have 'We done, we Chrispresents of grain, vegetables, rice, tians, with the message of God chickens, and fruit. Others are con- which proclaimed twenty centuries cerned about the maintenance of the ago: schools and churches, as is shown by a letter written by a missionary on "PEACE ON EARTH AND GOOD-WILL TOWARD MEN"?

in Persia and the

BY THE REV. S. G. WILSON, D.D. Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions HE war has brought tricts of Urumia, Sulduz, and Mar- gawar, some years ago joined the IITI dire distress to the Russian Orthodox communion in the Christians of Persia. hope of receiving civil support. The Most of these live in Roman Catholics and Protestants of Azerbijan, the north- the same race, and the Armenians western pro v inc e , also, welcomed Russian occupation which is coterminous with Russia because of the material benefits from and Turkey. Tho Persia has declared their presence. Several bands of Ar- its neutrality, and tho the govern- menian revolutionists from the Cau- ment seems to have acted consistently casus have joined the Russian forces, with this declaration, yet Azerbijan and Christians have even made dem- has naturally become a theater of onstrations of sympathy with the Al- war. It has been occupied by Rus- lies. In August, the Armenian sian troops since 1909, when they Bishop in Tabriz held a special prayer service for the success of the were called to raise the siege of Ta- AlIies. The Russian Consul attend- briz during the Revolution. After ed, accompanied by a body of troops, that time Russian soldiers were sta- with the British and French Con- tioned at various points in the prov- suls. Armenians filled the church, ince, as Ardebil, Marend, Khoi, Uru- the churchyard, and adjoining roofs, mia, and Soujbulak, as well as at the and afterward thousands of men and guard-houses along the post-roads. worn en, with bands of music, They have secured safety for agri- marched to the consulates, shouting culture, commerce,· and travel, while "Hurrah for England!" "Hurrah for many parts of Persia have been in France!" "Hurrah for Russia!" Sub- disorder. The Turks, from the time scriptions were also raised by the Ar- of their mobilization, have been mak- menians for the Russian Red Cross. ing strenuous efforts to bring Persia into alliance with them,- by offering Meanwhile, the Consuls of Turkey the hope of freedom from Russian and Germany were stirring up the denomination. Kurds, who are Sunnis, to go on the warpath. Agents of the Sultan were Persia is thoroughly conscious of distributing Pan-Islamic literature, her weakness and inability to put up and inviting Tartars, Kurds, and Per- a fight against Russia. She also dis- sians to prepare for the Jihad. A trusts her ancient enemy, the Sunni large force of Russian soldiers un- Turks, who have often contested with expectedly surrounded the German, her for the possession of Azerbijan. Turkish, and Austrian consulates in Nor has Turkey forgotten that at the Tabriz, arrested the two latter, and close of the Turko-Russian war, the sent them as prisoners of war to district of Kotur was given to Persia. Tiflis. The German Consul escaped Most of the Nestorians (Syrians or Assyrians) who occupy the dis-

similar treatment by seeking asylum claimed in Turkey, the Shiah Mujtiat the American consulate. The hid at Naje£ issued a fetw(}) calling eighty German merchants and me- on the Persians to join the Turks and chanics, resident in the city, precipi- free Persia from the Russians. This tantly fled or were put under arrest. decree was placarded in Tabriz, but the local Muhtihid ordered them torn Turkish Raids down, declaring that Persia should remain neutral. Many of the tribes- In U rumia conditions reached a men, however, especially the Sunni critical stage several weeks before Kurds, joined in helping the Turkish Turkey attacked the Russian Black army, and the Russians, supported by Sea ports. In the first week of Oc- Persian troops under Shuja-udtober the Kurds, possibly assisted by Doulah, ex-Governor of Tabriz, were the Turks, made a raid into Persia, completely routed in a battle at Mianattacked and destroyed several vil- duab, south of Urumia, and retreated lages in the mountains, and prest toward Tabriz. The invaders occudown to the foot-hills. They burned pied Maraga, and the Armenians fled Sier, Mar Sargis, AItwatch, and An- pell-mell, some of them walking fifty har, Christian villages in which the or sixty miles in a blizzard to Tab- American P re s b y t e ria n shave riz. churches and schools. In Sier the summer houses of the American and A Panic Among Christiana English missions were partly burned. The Russian commandant gave arms A telegram from TifEs said, "Kurd to the mountain Syrians that they tribesmen massacring all Christians might help in the defense, but there whom they capture. At Mianduab was danger that in the fighting the the Kurds killed all Christians, about Russian soldiers might mistake them three hundred." for Kurds. So they went around begging all the cast-off European fe- The Russians expected to be reindoras, straws, derbies, etc., and one forced so that they could hold Urustrapping mountaineer was seen with mia, but on January 2nd, knowing his precious gun over his shoulder and the imminence of an attack, they ora lady's fancy leghorn perched upon dered its evacuation, and the troops, his head. But even with this aid, the with the Russian Consul and all sub- Russians were driven back. The in- jects of the Allies, including the Envaders came Jown to the hills over- glish and French missions, left that looking the city, and hundreds of same day. refugees fled to the mission premises. Before morning Russian reinforce- "Practically the entire Christian ments came, and the city wa's saved. population of Urumia plain and the A conspiracy to aid the invaders was neighboring districts," writes Mr. discovered, and nearly a score of Barnard, "were in flight before we prominent Kurds and Persians were left. As far as the eye could reach hanged by order of the Governor of in both directions there was a con- Urumia. stant stream of fugitives, sometimes so dense that the road was blocked. When the Holy War was pro- It was a dreadful sight, and one I never want to see again. Many old people and children died on the way."

19I 5J CHRISTIANS IN PERSiA AND THE

Thousands of Christians-Protes- In the general terror, :rvloslems as tants, Roman Catholics, Orthodox, well as Armenians and foreigners, Nestorians, and Armenians-fled to- sought shelter in the Memorial School ward the Russian border, and took (American Mission), whose buildings refuge in the Caucasus, saving from were turned over to them. The mistheir property only what they could sionaries had no fear for themselves, carry 011 their backs. Many of them being regarded by all as friendly neuarrived penniless and famished. trals. In Urumia the Kurdish chiefs Their houses have been looted, and are said to have given special orders the contents carried away or ruth- to spare the mission premises. The lessly destroyed. Even Moslem Kurds are grateful for the successful neighbors joined in dividing the plun- medical· work of Dr. Packard, and der. It was a sad, a terrible day for felt under renewed obligation because these prosperous Christian villages. Rev. Dr. Shedd interceded for the Kurdish chiefs who had been con- The next day (January 3rd), the demned to death. Thus the American Kurds entered Urumia, led by a Per- (Presbyterian) missionaries had the stan Said-ul-Memalik. This old gratifying privilege of giving aid and leader of the Fidais was one of the security to many. Their presence Nationalist leaders in the revolution and their influence was a great blessagainst Mohammed Ali Shah, was ing in this time of terror. Governor o( U rumia, and afterward leader of the attack on the Russian Word has come that other missionsoldiers in Tabriz in 191 I. He es- aries are also safe. Dr. Edman, of caped to Turkey, where he has since the American Lutheran Mission in taken part in the Balkan war and now Soujbulak, passed through Tabriz on ret urn s with implacable hatred January 4th en route for Sweden. against Russia. Mr. and Mrs. Oster, Seventh Day Adventists, fled from Maraga with Panic seized Tabriz, when it was the retreating Russians. The Gerannounced that the Russian force man ladies in charge of the orphanwould leave the city. A wholesale ages at Khoi and Urumia, dispersed exodus of foreigners and Armenians the children in various quarters, and began, and the Russian, British, and retired under safe conduct through French Consuls and staffs retired to Russia. The American 'Consul, Mr. the Caucasus with the troops. Bank- Gordon Paddock, who was the only ers, merchants, Indo-European tele- neutral Consul in the city, was able to graph corps-aU who could-escaped do excellent service. When the with them or went to Teheran. Turkish-Kurdish force arrived, he arranged for their entrance without "The Armenians were in great ter- an attack, and so spared the plunderror," writes the Rev. F. N. Jessup. ing of the city, especially of the Ar- "They not only fear the Kurds- menian quarter. everyone dreads their coming-but that the city Moslems may rise and The Russians evacuated Tabriz on plunder and murder, for the latter January loth, but the rejoicings of hate the Russians, and the Armenians the Turks and their Persian symhave identified themselves with the pathizers was short-lived, for a Rus- Russians in this war."

sian force was soon sent from Trans- been appalling, while the condition of Caucasia. They were met at Sofia the hapless refugees who have fled in by the Turks, who were put to flight, thousands is only one degree less terleaving their artillery and 1,000 dead. rible. One letter reads: The Russians reentered Tabriz January 20th, and found the Russian "Every British, Russian, French, consulate burned. In the British and Belgian subject had to flee to Parliament it was stated that but one save his life, and we have brought British property was touched, and nothing except our lives. Ninety-five "this result was almost entirely due per cent. of the Christian population to the action of the United States of Tabriz and Azerbijan fled before Consul, whose efforts and ability in the advance of the Turkish army." protecting British interests are much appreciated and very gratefully recog- A native Christian says: "Barely nized." two hours' notice was given to many of the terrified people, who were Relief Work Needed forced to choose between instant flight and remaining to die in a most In the absence of news to the con- shameful way. In the snow, mud, trary, it is supposed that Maraga, and terrible cold, over 20,000 left at Urumia, and Salmas remain in the once for Russia. Day and night, hands of the Kurds, and while Turk- poor little ones, women, and men ish commanders will no doubt make marched on to save their lives. It efforts to restrain them, one dreads to was pathetic to see the children dying see the havoc when the curtain is and left unburied by the wayside; lifted. It has been a terrible stroke old men and women frozen, women to the Protestant Christians, for in giving birth to children, and the the territory overrun the Presby- children dying at once . . . the sufterian Mission has forty congrega- fering mothers walking on to save tions. The refugees are in great need their own lives. Some mothers were of our assistance. The Christians found dead with little ones clinging alone among them are reported in to their breasts. Hundreds died bevarying numbers up to 45,000, and fore reaching Julfa; thirty died a few the distress is dire. The Presbyterian hours after crossing the frontier. Board is appealing for contributions. Many fainted by the way and fell Reports come that the slaughter has into the hands of the enemy."

CHRIST AND MOHAMMED In one of the villages in North India a missionary was preaching in a bazaar. After he had closed, a Mohammedan gentleman came up, and said, "You must admit that we have one thing you have not, and it is better than anything you have."

The missionary smiled, and said, "I shall be pleased to hear what it is." The Mohammedan gentleman said, "When we go to our Mecca, we find at least a coffin. But when you Christians go to Jerusalem, which is your Mecca, you find nothing but an empty grave."

The missionary replied, "That is just the difference. Mohammed is dead. Mohammed is in his coffin. The founders of all these false systems of religion and philosophy are in their graves. But Jesus Christ, whose kingdom is to include all nations and kindreds and tribes, is not entombed; He is risen. And all power in heaven and earth has been given unto Him. That is our hope."

-Bishop F. W. Warne.

TRAINING FOR THE FUTURE MOTHERS AND TEACHERS OF

The girls of the Church Missionary Society School in the chapel service at Fuchau. China, Chinese Christian Patriots RECENT EFFORTS TO HELP LEGISLATION AND REFORM BY REV. D. MACGILLIVRAY, M.A., D.D. Editor, Christian Literature Society, Shanghai ·. 1~:~SgE~r~;::~~ c. "Dr. Chen Huan-chang and others, m movement to prevent improve matters by a revival of an- believing that the country has greatly changed for the worse in manners, many ways. In a morals, and religion, and thinking to the establishment of cient learning and religion, have pro- Confucianism as a State religion, posed that Confucianism be made a they sent a petition to both Houses State religion, and have petitioned of Parliament. The following is a Parliament to insert a clause to this brief summary: effect in the new Constitution. In

this matter he has taken great pains is granted, it is apparent that all the and must be given full credit for sin- people should equally observe the cerity, altho his methods are un- same law, but if one religion is to doubtedly wrong. As to reviving the be respected as being that of the learning of Confucius, there is no State, that will be tantamount to objection to be made, but as to mak- bringing pressure on other religions ing it a State religion, the case is to conform to the State religion.

very different. The petitioners, "3. The Constitution raises the therefore, pray both Houses of Par- question of the religious standing of liament to refuse Dr. Chen's petition, officials. Formerly State religion and for the following five reasons: flourished greatly in England, France, and other kingdoms. The King, the For Religious Freedom Cabinet, and members of Parliament,'

"I. A State religion and religious all belonged to the State religion.

liberty included in one clause are The laws were formed in strict con- mutually self-contradictory in spirit. formity to them. Hence, no one be- It is well known that liberty is the longing to other religions was allowed gift of the laws in our republic, both to have any part of the governing, in material and spiritual matters. on the theory that only thus Also rights that are acknowledged was the Government safe. Now, by all through the law should not however, in the new century, a great either directly or indirectly, be re- change has taken place, and not the stricted. Now, if the Constitution slightest interference with freedom really names one religion a State of thought is allowed to enter the religion, by so much will it limit the laws. State religions are very much liberty of those who are not of that opposed, and religio'll's tests have religion, for they will not be ac- disappeared from public life. But knowledged as having had the same our country, having made a recent rights as others, and some will be change, it is not right that it should known as State-religion people, and adopt the discarded opinions of others as non-State-religion people, Europe. Besides, Mongolians, .Mos- thus exalting one and oppressing lems, and Tibetans would have no another, interfering with the faith of part in the governing of the State the whole people. Of course, the if Confucianism was the State reli- State should protect and treat with gion, and surely this is a matter equal favor all religions. The result which should provoke anxious of the new proposals will be that thought.

one religion will have an advantage "4. The proposed clause in the over the others, and conformity to Constitution does not represent the the State religion will naturally fol- opinions of the majority. All Con- low. stitutions and laws of whatever "2. The Constitution will not deal country must be the creation of the with all religions impartiaIIy. The majority. Partiality to anyone class Constitution of a kingdom, and the or unfair treatment to another class law, is for all the people of that king- is directly contrary .to the spirit of dom to observe. As religious liberty universal practise in such matters.

15] CHINESE CHRISTIAN PATRIOTS

Dr. Chen, in his petition, quotes the faith, and made no religious distinc- example of Denmark, Turkey, and tion between the different races. other kingdoms to the number of Following this same principle, the eleven, in whose Constitution there RepUblican flag has five colors. is some reference to a State religion, What a pity that so soon there is but everyone knows that these con- an attempt to foist upon us a State stitutions are unfair, and practical religion with its discrimination scholars regard this very thing as against other religions, and confine their defect. Why should we intro- all the important offices to the Man- duce such a defect into our Consti- chus and Chinese! Where then tution? would be the unity of the five races? "5. The proposed clause would destroy the distinction between "2. More than this, there is real government and religion. This pro- danger of ttrritorial loss. The Budposal means that what has no rela- dhist officials of Mongolia and Tibet tion to government is to be intro- will mistrust the Chinese, and produced as an opposing force. In claim their independence, secretly European countries the most religious courting the assistance of foreigners. countries have long ago separated Every day we have all sorts of Church from State, fearing the con- alarming rumors from our frontiers. fusion that would arise from inter- If we adopt a State religion in our ference with the State's regular func- Constitution, and show our contiom. It is not three years since our tempt for them and their faith, we country changed its form of govern- will be giving them an opportunity ment. Should we proceed to adopt to talk, and also afford outsiders an that which other countries reject? opportunity to stir up disaffection. Surely this is folly and confusion. This is surely a danger to be avoided. Opposition to a State Religion "3. This proposal would create in- "Law and government are mutually ternal strife between the different reinterrelated. That which the Consti- ligions. Formerly, our country ention contains will naturally be re- joyed religious peace. People forflected in the Government. Thus, merly followed the particular faith of we have four additional considera- the reigning Emperor. Now Confutions to urge in opposition to this cianists think to use the influence of movement. the State religion to move the people, so that they will all observe one rule "I. The natural result will be to of life. They forget, however, that destroy the unity existing between circumstances to-day are very differthe five races in our country. The ent from those times. Nowadays, the Moslems believe in Mohammed, the religions are more zealously believed Mongolians and Tibetans believe in in and spread abroad. Hence, when Buddha. Thus, out of five races, they hear of the proposal of Dr. three do not believe in Confucius. Chen, there is great consternation The .previous dynasty did not in the among them, and letters and teleslightest compel the Mongolians, grams in great numbers pass to and Moslems or Tibetans to violate their

fro. ~ In fact, there are not wanting the times. This is altogether apart those who fear such troublous times from the question whether Confuas the Hundred Years' Crusade and cianism is a religion or not.

the Thirty Years' War in Europe. "For these and other reasons your "4. The Government does not need petitioners pray that the proposition to borrow the influence of religion. of Dr. Chen and his friends be not A hundred years ago in Europe the adopted."

influence of the Government pro- The foregoing petition may be ceeded from religion. In the separa- looked on as a negative way of helption of Church and State our coun- ing China, yet it is a positive edu- try preceded the countries of the cation in religious liberty. The fol- West by many years. It happens in lowing two tracts are good specimens Mongolia and Tibet that the Buddhist of constructive religious work. They priests have secured governing power, have been recently printed by the but this is due to the uncivilized Christian Literature Society of China. state of those parts. Well-informed persons take England's method of Christianity in Relation to Education governing India as a model. BY CHANG CHU'N YI "If we consider the present con- The civilizations of Europe and dition of o.ur country, we will see America are now much admired, but further reasons for opposing a State their excellence has its root in Chris- religion: tian education. This education em- "1. In the present day there is no phasizes true knowledge to be at- country possessing a State religion tained and used as opposed to the which is prosperous. errors which are so abundant. It "2. It is erroneous to claim that leads to a purification of the feelings formerly Confucianism was practi- and the strengthening of the will in cally the State religion of China in everything good. If men do not the unwritten Constitution. build on this heavenly way, what will "3. The Parliamentary representa- modern education do but turn out tives from Mongolia and Tibet are more clever rascals, and suggest and so few that they can not adequately supply new means for the gratifica- represent the effect of the proposed tion of vile passions? Only Chris- change upon those countries. tianity can make men holy. The "Finally, and to sum up, (I) there proof at large is to be found in the is no great necessity of establishing a history of education in the West; we State religion in China. (2) A now merely attempt a brief summary.

State religion can not really be effi- I. Christianity shows the formation cient; and if it were efficient, it of character and the fitting for the would be very dangerous. (3) A service of man to be the true aim State religion is in no respect bene- of education. Without the right ficial to the State or Government; direction, it fares ill with the traveler.

in fact, it is a great injury. (4) To So in education. Mistakes here will establish a State religion is not in be fata:l to true progress. Let all accordance with sound principles, nor educationalists note what we claim in harmony with the requirements of for our religion. By it education

CHRISTIAN

and virtue are related and mutually -in other schools, for Christianity strengthened. Greece was famous holds up the true ideal for teachers, for learning, but by vices she was e.g., by making them conscientious dragged down. So is the case of in their work with high ideals of China. N ow in the first place, by their profession and its value to so- Christianity the student's moral na- ciety and the State. They are never ture is harmonized, his conscience satisfied with less than the truth. gets peace, and he is therefore able Moreover, Christianity teaches them to bend his whole soul to his studies. to sympathize with the difficulties of Education should aim to strengthen their pupils and to help the stupid and guide the conscience, and is not as readily as the clever. merely a head full of knowledge but a heart filled with love of the noble 5. Fin a 11 y, Christianity shows and the good. To the same effect teachers and students how to guard are the sayings of Wang Yang-ming against errors which are unhappily and King Wen in the Odes, and simi- too prevalent in the schools of to-day, larly Paul said in all things he sought e.g., materialism, agnosticism, and to have a conscience void of offense. false socialism. Again, the conscience having peace, duty is easy toward God and man. Christianity Helps the Republic Only as duty is done can the race be preserved. Those who spend should BY CHANG CHU'N YI make. As Paul says: Who works not should not eat. A single day's I. By helping the progress of cividereliction of duty is a sin against lization, as a basis of the State. my fellows equal to robbery, and, worse still, a sin against the great 2. By cleansing the Republic of Creator. errors and evil customs, all of which stand in the way of progress and 2. Christian education is shown to democracy. be the best by the subject matter of it, embracing all knowledge, espe- 3. By holding up the highest ideals cially (a) the origin and laws of the of duty before the individual. universe; (b) history of all nations, showing the causes of their rise and (a) As' to individual faults. fall; (c) the rights of man. (b) By helping the poor and dis- 3. Christianity does not discrimin- trest and leading men to seek ate against any sex in its educational the perfect happiness of their felplans; women as well as men share lows. (c) By the highest standards of ofits benefits. It aids the student (a) ficial life. Christianity's law of by stren~hening his memory; (b) by service. In a word, without duty increasing his reasoning powers; (c) performed, how can the Republic cultivating correctness and sanity of stand? his judgment; and (d) strengthening his will. 4. Hence, the need of help in the accomplishment of duty. Christianity 4. Having done so much for the supplies it. Christians do not only pupils, its teachers differ from those expect the Government to do its duty, but themselves do it, and with united hearts strengthen their country. Man by nature has many weaknesses and temptations to neglect of duty or ac- tual transgression. Christianity helps

here. Christian hospitals aid the sick, so that Christians make sacrifices for but schools aid the well. Charity is the good of the whole, remembering changed to self-support and self-re- the boundless love of Jesus Christ, liance. Men are taught their duty to as a bond of unity which transcends the State as well as to their neigh- even national limits. bors. But outside the schools, which are for the young only, the Gospel 7. Christianity intensifies true pais for all, male and female. triotism, not because of an indefinite love of country, but of real love for 5. Christianity materializes the true the individuals composing it, without which patriotism is mere selfishness. equality of men. Distinctions be- The Christian patriot seeks the pubtween men naturally arise from dif- lic good by assisting individuals. ference of ability, circumstance and Further, it extends to love of other the like, but all have a Heaven-de- countries as well as our own. Interrived Spirit. They are all children national ties are now so close that of God, and, therefore, all are broth- the good or ill of one is the good or ers. Hence artificial distinctions ill of all. vanish, and contempt for others dies. Instead, they help each other by 8. Christianity uses literature unestablishing orphanages, etc. They ceasingly to increase the people's are, therefore, equal before the law, knowledge. For example, the books and women and children also come and papers of the Christian Literainto their rights. See what" effect ture Society and other Christian Christianity has on the national societies. Their aim is not merely to spirit! increase knowledge, but to advance the cause of morality and its basis, 6. Christianity creates a spirit of religion: Only so can the Republic unity. It overcomes the divisive of China flourish forever. forces by loyalty to a common Father, SACRIFICE BY NATIVE CHRISTIA.NS The one big missionary feature that stays by me most notably from my recent trip to Asia is the Glad Self-Sacrifice by Native Christians in Order to Have and Give the Gospel. Again and again this readiness to make great sacrifices in order to extend the knowledge of the truth imprest me. In Hang Chow I found that our Chinese minister had recently received an offer from the city authorities to take charge of the principal department in the public schools, at just three times his salary. That salary was $7.50 gold per month-just a starving wage, for he had a fair-sized family. But he did not hesitate for a moment to decline the offer, saying: "China must have Christ, even if I starve." In other countries, instances of self-denial made voluntarily by groups of men and women were repeated to me, many of them so great as to touch me profoundly. Does not this fact challenge the Church at home? It ought to put us to shame; but does it? When we learn to draw the line between our wants and our needs, we shall find the realm of eager stewardship bearing more fruit than now.-REV. HOWARD AGNEW JOHNSTON, D.D.

ARAB TENTS IN NORTH

Daughters of the Tent LIFE OF THE BEDOUIN WOMEN OF NORTH AFRICA BY A. V. LILLEY, TUNIS llissionary of the North Africa Mission ,…."……~..-r.>~N the Moslem world their children, and they hasten to none has a harder life send the girl to the work of the tent. of cruelty and drudg- They abandon her at a tender age ery than the Bedouin to her natural instincts, and the evil woman, "the daughter effects of bad influence. of the tent." No cries Often the little girl's only training of joy are heard, neitller is a profu- is when she is struck in a revolting sion of compliments paid to the and brutal manner by her father in father when the unwelcome little order that he may -obtain absolute sistranger, a girl, comes into the world. lence, passive obedience, and respect; It may be, when the little one is able the only government is that of fear. to amuse her father with childish All through life she is exposed to all prattle or cling to his burnoose, some kinds of abuse and injustice from her notice is taken of her; but soon he father, brother and husband. At a becomes tired of his new toy and tender age the Bedouin children are she takes her despised place among abandoned to themselves, half-naked, the women. and spend whole days without any guardian, in the fields and woods to Fathers of families are charged to mind the flocks and herds. It is then teach their children the duty of the that they learn those deplorable habits creature toward God and the rules of lying, thieving, cruelty and the disthey should follow in living among dain for all things respectable and their fellow men, but the fathers them- refined. selves are too brutal and corrupt to be worthy teachers or examples to They are left entirely without true

religious or moral education; their those who have been brought up in heads or hearts contain little but vain ignorance and darkness. forms of prayer and empty forms of politeness. They are abandoned to Among the country Arabs the girls, their natural instincts, without re- from a very early age, are accustomed straint or governing power, so that to take their share of the work in they have little idea of judging be- the tent, going to the wells for water tween right and wrong, good and evil. and to the forest for wood. A small Conscience is almost dead. Lying is goat skin bottle of water or a load of wood is placed upon the girl's back, HEDOU1N WOMEN-WORTH SAVING regulated according to her size and strength. These are occasions of sllch a familiar habit among the great joy for they get away from the Bedouin Arab that doubt beclouds restraint of the tent and the severity everything they say and do. There of the father. While the girls 'wander are thousands of these young people into the woods and fields, the old who are untouched by any refining women sit together and exchange the or Christian influence. Altho th e gossip and scandal of the camp or "laborers are few" in the North tribe. They learn to weave the tent African cities some young Arabs are covering, plait th~ palm leaf or being reached by means of classes haifa grass baskets, make rough potand schools and the results are mani- tery, milk the cows, and goats, saddle fest. Some of the native men, see- the beasts of burden, put up and take ing the difference in the girls who down the tent. have come under the influence of Christian teaching, have sought for These tents are made up of a numwives among them rather than take ber of "feloridj," sewn together; these consist of camel and goats' hair spun with the fiber that surrounds the palm roots and are woven into long strips of "about two and a half feet wide and eight or ten yards long. They are not unlike cocoa-nut mat- ting and are of a dark color, without pattern or design.

A pole six to nine feet long holds up the middle, while a number of cords, attached to pegs, keep it fixt to the ground. Shorter sticks are used to prop up the tent in order to give more space and allow the in- habitants to move about without con- tinually bending. All the tents of the camp are the same, except so far as they vary in size and state of pre- servation.

In the center of the tent and at the base of the supporting pole are placed

OF THE

two or three large sacks which con- on which to rest, but not to sleep. tains a fortnight's supply of wheat, For him the night is one long watch, barley, or dates, for the family. Near- and with his head turned toward the by is a large trunk in which is kept flocks, his pistol under his pillow· and the family clothing and jewelry. gun by his side, he is ready to rush out at the least noise of a jackal or The furniture of the tent is very some other enemy. Wolfish-looking primitive. It has been mostly made dogs with sharp teeth, help the Arab by the women, and consists of a few on his watch; by the manner of their haIfa grass mats spread on the barking, or the influence of their ground, two or three woolen cover- voices, he is able to tell whether it be ings, some earthenware pots and pans, SOME ARAB CHILDREN OF THE NORTH AFRICA MISSION SCHOOL a few wooden spoons, and the sieves a jackal or some other animal, a dis- for sifting the wheat. Everything tant passing stranger or one or more must be so made that it can be rolled thieves. It is only when twilight be- up, or easily packed to be placed on gins to appear and when objects have the backs of the beasts of burden already taken an indistinct form in .and carried to the new camping the mist of the early morning that ground. the master of the tent is able to take Vhen evening arrives, the children and old women lie down to sleep a well-earned repose. side by side. The master of the tents The life of the Bedouin Arab is lets down the "feloridj," which forms the door of the tent and he himself hard in every sense of the word; seeks his mat and woolen covering born on the hard ground in a tent, exposed to all varieties of weather and with food often coarse and

scanty. The life is hazardous, for the of Judgment, faintly hoping that the Arab is in continual fear from all "merciful" and "compassionate" will kind of enemies, difficulties and dan- deal lightly with his many misdeeds gers. Even Islam, his religion, gives and admit him into paradise. him little consolation, for it also deals hardly with him with its prayers It is to these people we would five times a day, the fast month of gladly go and carry the message 01 Ramadan, the tithes and gifts de- "that blest hope," were the labormanded from his dearly earned har" ers more numerous, and the means vest. After all this has been faith- more abundant. We commend them fully observed he has no "sure and and ourselves to God's praying certain hope," but looks forward people that all may be supplied with fear and trembling to the Day "according to His riches in glory by 'Christ Jesus."

THE UNHOLY HOLI FESTIVAL A curious change has come over the students in Bengal in their attitude to the festival known by the name of Holi. Ten years ago they were ashamed of it; they avoided public places as far as possible on the day of its celebration; they 'were furiously angry if any red liquid were squirted on their clothes; they were careful to explain to any European stranger that the festival had no real connection with Hinduism and had nothing whatever to do with religion. Then came a curious change. The Holi festival was not merely apologized for, but it was strenuously defended. It was not only defended, but it was celebrated.

We wish that it were true that in the meantime the observance has been so largely purified of its grosser elements that respectable people need no longer be ashamed of sharing in a little harmless merriment in celebration of the approach of spring. But this, unhappily, is not the case. In Bengal, at any rate, there are no signs that the popular observance of the Holi is any less repulsive and degrading than before. There is the same abominable license of speech and act. Decent women dare not venture out of doors for fear that their ears will be assailed with obscenities. The streets ring with songs that poison the air with their foul suggestions. Not only is red powder or liquid flung on the passersby, but people are smeared with the mud of the drains, and poor old men may be seen trying in vain to escape the filthy attentions of youths who were pouring the vilest sewage on their bodies. All this goes on even in Calcutta, and in the towns of the interior the manner of the celebration is even more debasing.

How is it. then, that young, educated Bengal is no longer ashamed but apparently proud of its excesses and delighted with its observance? This unhappy idea seems to have come from a perverted idea of what nationalism demands toward Indian customs. A patriot is expected to manifest his patriotism by a blind adherence to everything to be found in his country, and he must maintain it at all costs, especially if the foreigner dislikes and opposes it. The cost in this case is the cost of self-respect and decency. Such is the character of real Hinduism, so foolishly upheld in its philosophy by Mrs. Besant and others.

Present Call of the Cross*

BY REV. WILLIAM PIERSON MERRILL, D.D., NEW YORK Pastor of the Brick Presbyterian Church ·"He laid down His life for us; and we ought to lay down our lives for the brethren." 1 John 3:16. NE of the most serious quote ten from each. For everywhere through the Gospels' rings out this call to mO facts in the life of the every follower of Christ to hold his life . church is the ease with and all he owns absolutely at the dis- . which we let the severe posal of the Master and of the brethren. demands of Christ and the Gospel glide past us Did Christ mean what He said? Was without affecting us in any vital way. He talking seriously? Then His Apostle The apostles applied a hard word to the was not holding up too high and severe a men to whom they preached; they called standard for every Christian of us when them "stiff-necked." They would probably he said, "He laid down His' life for us; call the Christians of to-day by a differ- and we ought to lay down our lives for ent name, tho no less harsh; they would the brethren," calling every Christian call us "thick-skinned." We hear the to the test of Calvary. No Christian has mighty calls of the Gospel, we admit the right to draw back from any demand their truth, but somehow they do not upon his loyalty, however severe it may penetrate beneath the su~face and set be. . . .

our wills in motion. These words surely mean, at any rate, What a tremendous statement it is that the cause and Kingdom of Christ that confronts us in this text! It tells should be chief among our objects of de- us that every Christian shoul1live a life votion; and that, when necessity arises, of sacrifice like that of Christ Himself. when a crisis develops, we must be pre- . Let us realize plainly that this word does pared to sacrifice, to cut deeply into our not stand alone. It is one of many state- comforts and joys, to give up until we ments of the same basic and universal are cramped and straitened, rather than law. Open to any Gospel, and the same let the Kingdom of our Lord suffer or call confronts you. His cause be set back? If we are not "If any man will come after Me, let prepared to admit that, if we do not give him deny himself, and take up his cross, Christ the right to call upon us for and follow Me." thoroughgoing sacrifices at critical "Go, sell all that thou hast, and give times, we would better stop calling our- to the poor, and come, follow Me." selves Christians; for one who will not "Whosoever he be of you that re- sacrifice has nothing in common with nounceth not all that he hath, he can not the spirit of our Lord; and "if any man by My disciple." have not the spirit of Christ, he is none "Love one another as I have loved of His."

you; greater love hath no man than this, Such a critical situation has come in that a man lay down his life for his the life of the church. Foreign Mis- friends." sionary work finds itself in an exceed- I have quoted but one word from each ingly serious condition, a condition that of the four Gospels. I could as easily might be called desperate, had not Christ *From a sermon preached in the Brick Presbyterian Church, New YOlrk, November 22, 1914.

told us never to give way to fear or de- Some Objections spair. The situation is one of utmost I know the objections and difficulties gravity. Many of the mission boards which suggest themselves. Strong they closed their year with a deficit, not in are, and convincing-until the light of the least due to lack of foresight, or the cross falls upon them. But that is faulty administration. There is just one the light in which we must view them.

cause of the deficits, the fact that the Come, let us fearlessly face our excuses churches have not given what might and our responsibilities in the light of reasonably be expected of them. Calvary!

What was to be done? Retrenchment It is natural to object that we are al- naturally suggests itself as a remedy. ready doing our full share in the sup- But no one who knows the work, and is port of the foreign missionary enterprise.

possest of any Christian faith, can admit But no man, no church, dare look at Cal- the possibility of retrenchment. For it . vary, and object, "I am already doing would mean that men' and women, who my share." Why, the very essence of have put their lives into the work of the the Christian spirit is going beyond what Church of Christ, depending on our loy- might justly be considered one's own alty and sense of honor to maintain them part, picking up and carrying the load and their work, would find themselves which others have selfishly or carelessly cut off from support, thrown out of their thrown off. What means that great life-work. It would mean that churches word, "If any man would come after and schools and stations, founded and Me, let him take up the cross," if not built up 'through long years, would be that we must forget all about our right- closed. It would mean that the church ful part, all about proportion and com- had broken faith with its Master. In parison, and think only of what is need- such an enterprise "to falter would be ed, and 'what is the most we can do!

sin." Retrenchment is simply o,ut of It is natural also to protest that other the question. With Christian courage causes, many and urgent, are calling for the foreign mission boards appealed to our money; and, in view of these ur- the church to maintain the work without gent calls, we can not give more for for- .

diminution, and at the &ame time to re- eign missions. It is true that there are move the load of the deficit by increased many calls this year. Every religious contributions. and charitable organization is calling Then came the war! At once new for increased gifts. New needs, of ter- burdens were laid upell the boards. Not rible urgency, are calling upon us. Men, only were the eXl.frlse and difficulty of women, and children are dying across conducting our enterprises in foreign the sea, are appealing for food and lands greatly increased, but brethren in clothing, and the bare necessarieS' of life.

other Christian countries appealed to us Who can doubt that the heart of Christ to see that their work was not abandoned is touched by this awful misery and and lost. need; or that He approves the generous Nor is the appeal which comes to us gifts that are pouring into Belgium.

an appeal to brotherly interest only. The But, in order to meet this need, must missionary work of our time is so unified you cut down what you are doing else- and inter.dependent, that the abandon- where" or refuse what you are right- ment cif the work now being done by any fully asked to do for the regular work other nation would seriously affect our of your church ? We are asked to add own work. . A War Emergency Fund is to our offerings this year for two rea- urgently needed, in addition. to the sons, to keep our work going unim- amotlnt necessary to meet the deficits. paired, and to pay our debts. What

PRESENT CALL OF THE

would we think of a man who should our lives? I doubt if many would have bring a contribution fOf Belgian relief, to deprive themselves of even a reason- when the families of trade;smen were able amount of pleasure, in order to in- going hungry because of the unpaid crease their offering by 100 per cent. debts of that giver? Yet is not that what Surely, to respond to a call or a demand, we really do when we meet these new however great, which we can meet with- claims by withholding proper support out sacrificing anything necessary for from the work to which we are in honor life, is to go but a very little way toward pledged? In the name of honor and jus- Christlikeness. He gave up more than ticc, let your gifts for the suffering that; He laid down His life; and He people in Europe, and for other pressing teUs us to love one another as He has needs, ('ollle from ),011, not from over- loved us. … worked and underpaid mis'sionaries, and needy, ignorant, unchristianized Afri- . Let each face his duty in the light of cans and Chinese. OVhen you give to the Gospel and the cross. And when we some new work by withdrawing from an see it in that light, all our excuses and old cause, it is not you who make the specious pleas look cheap and me.an, and gift; it is those who suffer by your fail- we are left with nothing but the great ure to support the old work. Will you call from our Master and the plain fact make "the brother for whom Christ that we can meet it, if we will, without died," the man in Asia who needs the going beyond the measure of devotion Gospel, pay your contribution toward the He has plainly set for us. In this year help of the man in Europe whose need when Christ and humanity ask so much appeals to you so forcibly just now? 0, of us, need our aid so sorely, this is the you who call yourself by the name of rule the' Christian must adopt: "J '11:ill Christ, pay your own debts to humanity; refuse no call for help so long as J am give up something yourself, rather than allowing myself a single luxury." Would submit to the shame of letting some not a deep and real Christian spirit go needy souls go without the benefits of even further, and rejoice in sacrificing Christ and His Gospel, in order that you even reasonable comforts for the sake may meet the severe new calls without of Christ and humanity? too much pers~nal sacrifice. Some Reasons for Response I know, too, how strong is the objection that we have less to give with this But there are special reasons why this year than we had a year ago. I know call in particular has the right to comthat for many, i~comes have been cut in mand our largest and most sacrificial rehalf, prices have risen, work has stopt, sponse. Let me mention but two of the business is at a standstill. To talk of strongest of these reasons. increased expenditure on any line seems futile. How can we give more when we The first is that this work of giving have less to give? men the Gospel, of saving their souls, of spiritual ministry, is the one supremely It is it true objection and a strong one vital work in the world. -but only so long as we keep it where Christ c':ll1 not see it. Despite the seri- That is what we profess to believe. ousness of conditions to-day am I not That is the Christian, the Gospel, the well within the' facts when I say that Christ estimate. Our Lord was never most of us could double what we gave unmindful-nor did He mean that we to foreign missions a year ago, and still should be-of the bodily needs, and the not lack proper clothing, or proper food, social needs, and the cultural needs, of or a reasonable' amount of comfort in mankind. A large part of His strength went to the healing and comforting of the outward life of men. But always to

His' mind, one great need rose above do believe it must stand by our faith the every other-the need of the soul for more loyally. And that means that no God, the need of bringing lost sons back other cause, no number or combination to the filial life, the need of transform- . of causes, shall ever lead us to neglect, ing human spirits. If we are to be or to subordinate, the evangelizing mis- loyal to His view, if we are to believe sion of the church, the work of trans- Him, we must share that grea1> control- forming the souls of men through the ing conviction of His, that the spiritual touch of the Spirit and the Gospel of interests are supreme always and every- Christ. Our first obligation is to support where. If ever we are tempted to think that work as it needs to be supported.

that the man who lacks food is in worse . There is a second great conclusive case than the man who does not know reason why this particular appeal should God, that the man dying of disease is come to us with peculiar power. It is suffering a worse fate than the man the fact that here, in the support of this whose spirit is dying from sin, we are work, is our opportunity to reply to the being tempted to deny the Christian devil's challenge.

faith. For Christ did not so judge; nor The devil, antichrist, the world-spirit can we, if we would be true to Him and that is opposed to the Christ spirit, has to His ideals. flung its challenge straight into the face I would not, by a word or breath, sug- of our Master in the upflaring of this gest that the physical sufferings ,and accurst war. Once more the hand of needs caused by the present war are not hatred has smitten Christ in the face.

extreme and pitiful tragedies, appealing Whatever the causes, however we may to us for help at 'any cost to our own judge the parties engaged, blaming or comfort and ease. God pity the m.an exonerating, the fact stands out that who would belittle the need in the war- the anti-Christian forces of the world wasted districts of northern Europe! ar'e having their day. "Corsica against Thank God that some who are indiffer- Galilee," some one has called it. The ent to the needs of the human soul are ideals of Christ are being disowned and being stirred to the depths of their hearts thrust out. The valiant shall inherit the by the tragic needs of human bodies. earth, not the meek; great things must But while we, who bear the name of be done by might and power, not by Christ, must do more than others to min- spirit and the still, small voice. The ister to the outward needs, we must also Gospel is good for the individual, but not forget the clear teaching of Christ the unpardonable sin for a nation is that the needs of the spirit are the su- feebleness. Seldom if ever has such a preme, the truly tragic, needs. Many do challenge been flung in the face of the not believe that. You and I do. And Christian faith and ideals. How can we we must stand by that faith, tho it cost meet it?

us heavy sacrifices…. We must be on We can meet it only by bolder asser- guard lest we feel that the spiritual needs tions of our faith; only by meeting of man are of no great consequence. We challenge with challenge;. only by match- are in danger of reversing the word of ing the loyalty and sacrifice of war with the Master, and saying, "Take no a greater loyalty and sacrifice on behalf thought for your soul; but only for the of faith. Only martyrs can conquer body what ye shall put on, and only for Mars. The supreme opportunity of the the life, what ye shall eat." Christian ages is ours, to assert, in the Man needs to know God even more very presence of the apparent victory of than he needs food or clothing. If fewer brute force, that the victory shall belong believe that than formerly, then we who to the Spirit. To retreat now, to fail in

pushing the cause of Christ with ex- portant task of winning men to the treme devotion, would be to make the Christ-life. Men are pouring out money great refusal, to deny our Lord in as and blood like water, that their country cowardly a fashion as Peter denied him. may win. Can not we do something sac- rificial. that Christ may have the vic- I f there is one truth clear and indu- tory? bitable in the lurid light of this war, it is' surely this; that we can trnst, for our Darc we refuse to do our utmost that future protection against like tragedies, this great work of the Kingdom of our for the peace and safety and joy of the Lord Jesus Christ may be freed from world, in just one thing, transformed burdens of the past, carried through the human nature. Education, science, cul- difficulties of the present, and sent on ture, wealth, power, these all depend for into a glorious future? It is not simply their value on the wills that shall use a call from the mission hoards that comes them. In the hands of selfish or brutal to us to-day. In the name of the Lord men they only make the selfishness and Jesus Christ, who has the right to send the brutality more powerful and more us to the cross, if need be; who has dangerous. In the hands of godly men never lost His right, in any age, to call they bring nearer the Kingdom of God. for martyrs, and to expect an instant Treaties, intercourse, smooth words- response from every Christian when He they are as nothing unless men are calls; in the power of that name, every righteous and loving, and will keep Christian is called upon to give as he their promises. The only hope of the has not given before, not to lay on God's world is in the Christianizing of men, altar that which costs him nothing, but the transforming of mankind out of to hring an offering that shall cut deep. the likeness of beasts that perish into the likeness of the Son of Man. Let us make our offering to our God in such a way that we shall not be Every sickening detail, ever), brutal ashamed to "stand before the Son of fact of this present ,war is a tragic plea Man," and to be judged in the light of for missions, for fhe extension of the His death and of God's love for the Kingdom of Christ, for the more sacri- world. ficial support of the one supremely im- HOW SHALL WE GIVE?

Give-as the morning that flows out of heayen, Give-as the waves when their channel is riven, Give-as the free air and sunshine are gil'en; Layishly, j oyful1y, utterly give, ); at the waste drops from thy cup overflowing, Nat a faint spark from thy hearth eyer glowing, Not a pale bud from thy June roses blowing.

Give as God gave thee, who gave thee to lin.

Pour but thy life as the spring shower pouring; Vhat if no bird through the pearl rain is soaring, Vhat if no blossom looks upward adoring, Look to the Life that was lavished for thee!

Give as the heart gives, whose fetters are breaking, Life, love and hope, all thy dreams and thy waking. Soon at life's river thy soul-fever slaking, Thou shalt know God and the gifts that He gave !

Mohammed Has

to Arabia* REV. JOHN VAN ESS, BUSRAH, ARABIA IMIOHAMMED and I are the Lord of two hundred millions of enemies. I do not lay Moslems, and they know not where he has laid Him. Whatever he mayor up against him the fact may not have done for the Arab as such is only secondary to me. My con- that his birth and life cern is with the Arab as a potential Christian. Only in how far Moham- . and teachings are the med has affected the Arab as a potential Christian is for uS' important. If an- cause of my leaving other's criterion is simple heroism, then Mohammed was a hero, or if stateshome and friends and living in a fever- manship, then Mohammed was a states- man, all with due qualifications, howstricken, sun-burned Arabia. All these ever.

things even have their brighter side, Many lives of Mohammed have been written. It is interesting to notice for I have made new friends, and seen what various conclusions have been reached, simply because various criteria a great part of the world, and escaped have been set up to begin with. If it is the historian's interest to compare sleet and slush and snow, and perhaps Mohammed with Napoleon, he may reach one conclusion.' My business is appendicitis and automobile accidents. to compare him with Jesus Christ. But even here comes a vital test for me as I can say something good of Moham- well. If I approach the prophet of Islam with dim views of Jesus Christ, med also. Without probing very deeply, it affects immensely my estimate of Mo- hammed. If Jesus Christ is' only the I can say with benevolent delegates to center of an ethical system, then Mo- hammed is in the same class, tho far the "Religious Peace at any Price Con- enough below Him. But if Jesus Christ is the Son of God, and the Lamb ference" that Mohammed taught the of God that taketh away the sin of the world; the King of Glory Whose place unity of God, thus throttling idolatry Mohammed has usurped, the Man of Sorrows Who yearns over the one in Arabia, and thus anticipating the re- sheep astray on the hills, then to think of Mohammed in the same category vision of the creed; that he founded a were blasphemy.

great democracy where prince and As you estimate Jesus Christ, to that extent will your view of the Moslem pauper kneel to the same carpet, and also be affected. If my theory were thus anticipated the evangel of social service; that he raised the status of women and thus anticipated Equal Suf- frage. Under his followers science flourished, law was codified, and liter- ature blossomed. With some imagina- tion I can make out a fairly good case for Mohammed; in fact, I can bring him down to 1914 as an important fac- tor in the composite religion which shall offend no one and please all.

But I am not an historian with no ax to grind and therefore nothing to cut, nor a poet-taster with an eye only to what is pleasing, nor an arbiter re- quiring to give as well as take. I am a missionary, and my great and im- placable and unalterable enmity with Mohammed is that he has' taken away 'From N egfected Amilia, that Jesus of Nazareth was a good man, When we come to the good qualities even a Divine teacher, and if my theory of the Arab which Islam has spoiled, of the Atonement were only a moral we notice first of all the quality of one, I would leave for America to- mind. The Arab has a splendid mind. morrow and give up the evangelization Man for man, I think the Arabs have of the Moslem as a hopeless propo- a greater capacity for spiritual thinking sition. No, the sinless, kingly, trium- than any others I have met, of thinking phant, divine and risen Christ gives me acutely and even daringly. But into the only impetus, and is the only hope their psychical world fell the blight of for the Moslem, and in the light that "There is no god but Allah," and streams from the Cross, that Moslem is barrenness has been the result. The transfigured. first word of the Moslem creed is No, and it has negatived and petrified all What, then, has been Mohammed's in- his thoughts. It is claimed that Mofluence on the Arab? He has affected hammed by thus proclaiming the unity of God has conferred a lasting benefit. 1. The Arab'. Accessibility as a Man After nearly twelve years of mission- ary effort, I have not found it so. The Arab as suc,h, and no thanks to Give an incipient builder an inch-rule Mohammed, is hospitable. If there and he will build in inches. Give a were time and space, I could regale the rugged mind a small, simple, axiomatic reader with stories ad infinitum of open premise and that mind will become small doors, and hearty welcomes, and lavish and simple, and spend its ruggedness entertainment such as made me leave in fanaticism. He will moan, scream, the place shamefacedly and feeling gurgle, prattle "There is no god but under a lasting debt of gratitude. The Allah" from the cradle to the grave, hospitality is such' as' costs, it costs and think he is religious, regardless. of money, and it costs effort, and the Arab the fact that the devil makes the same cheerfully and loyally assumes' the con- confession. It is a marvel that a man sequences. Once you have eaten his like Ghazzali, with his splendid mind, bread and salt, he must convey you to never called in question the second the next tribe in safety. Once at the clause of his creed, Mohammed is the peril of his life, a mere stripling of a prophet of Allah. guide given me by a sheikh, stood off twenty others who thirsted for my The Arab has also no power of iniblood. Once again, a six year old child tiative. "We have given a prophet to in the saddle before me, proclaimed to the world of our blood and our race," all that I was to be unmolested as long they say, and sit forever drifting, lookas I was in the borders of his tribe. ing back at that dire event. From the days that Omar established his camp Again the Arab is of a discerning cities and made the Arabs.only soldiers mind, with a keen knowledge of human and defenders of the faith, to eat and nature. He surmises your answer even drink at the cost of the infidels, they before it has framed itself upon your have sat and sat, and are still sitting, lips. And he is dignified, or proud, if thinking to have done enough. Now you please, and loyal. All these are a and then one arises with· initiative great asset to the Gospel messenger, enough to start something, but the and yet all of these are racial charac- chances are ten to one that he will not teristics. Mohammed took them and in persevere. But suppose an Arab does the Koran and Traditions· fostered start something, and does persevere, he them, tho with this qualification that will persevere as a rule only in devious tho friendships became more binding, hatreds became more implacable.

paths. His moral backbone may be a watermelon, and the relations of the more upright than that of, say the sexes, etc., etc., until the brain grows Chinese or Japanese, but it is far from dizzy and the senses reel. conforming to the standards of Jesus Christ and the reason is that Moham- A few years ago I was addressing a med was first and last an opportunist, parlor gathering in America. My ar- "a hand-to-mouth lawyer." raignment of Mohammed was appar- ently too severe to suit the taste of one When we turn the picture and see of the ladies present, who, admitted what evil qualities in the Arab Mo- being attracted by Bahaism. So she hammed has corrected, we must at once took me to task for my narrowness, admit that Islam made the Arab earnest. even bigotry. Then seeing that the No frivolity, and no Hamitic lightness gathering consisted of married ladies of are his, but an earnestness which prays suitable age and understanding to hear and fasts, and in times past carried the it, I quoted for some ten minutes from sword to the very gates of Vienna. the Traditions of Bokhari, till the Liquor, too, has been put under the blushes and embarrassed coughs from ban, a good provision, but liable to behind handkerchiefs' and fans, indimake believers think that religion con- cated that even that platonic audience sists in what you do not do. was uncomfortable. Even then, some things can not be printed in European Of the unmoral qualities which Islam editions save in Latin foot-notes, for made potential stands out of course the the mails would not carry them. Such intense loyalty to one man, which Mo- is the source and fountain head of all hammed fostered and which the Chris- piety, and the stream can not rise higher tian missionary can and will use to the than its source. Under that head nothglory of God. ing more need be said. The morbidly curious may read Bokhari in a good On the whole then, Mohammed has French translation, obtainable at any made the Arab less accessible to the large book-sellers. Gospel. 3. The Arab's Possibilities as a Saint 2. The Arab'. Capacity as a Sinner In other words what will the new- Once in discussing with a Moham- born Arab church contribute to the medan, I chanced to say, "Thus and whole body of Christ the Lord? Here thus saith Mohammed in the Koran," I look up and thank my God for an and but for a hasty retreat on my part, earnestness in the Arab which will in the consequences might have been dis- the fulness of time hear the call, "Go astrous. To the Moslem only Allah ye into all the world," and will leap to speaks in the Koran, and Mohammed the front, holding high the Cross of was a passive instrument of transmis- Christ, and with even a greater zeal sion. But tho the Word of God be and a purpose so much nobler as Christ ever so perfect, yet man longs to see is nobler, carry that cross to a glorious how that Word has been lived out in victory. God's point of view, that Mothe life of the perfect disciple. hammed taught, but how God views the world through Christ was farthest from The result has been in Islam a mass Mohammed's thoughts. And it is our of traditions, which embody all that task and glorious privilege to let God Mohammed said and did and indicated shine into that darkened mind through and hinted and insinuated ad nauseam, the light that streams from the Cross. of things in heaven above and the earth beneath and the waters under the earth, of Allah's throne, and angel's wings and Mohammed's toothpicks, and how to eat

'What Christ Will Do for Arabia *

REV. S. M. ZWEMER, D.D., CAIRO,. EGYPT T is certain that He Government officials and Christian mer- IWI .1, will do much. Arabia is one of the most diffi- chants), He will work a fivefold work cult mission fields. Even to manifest His power and glory. to-day it is one of the 1. He will bring peace in all its borders, and we may look forward to a most neglected countries time when the Arabs shall beat their when we consider its vast unoccupied swords into plowshares and their.

interior provinces. Nearly everything spears into pruning hooks; when tribal that Arabia needs can only be given warfare shall cease and the .nomads her by Christ. He loves Arabia more become shepherds or tillers: of the soiL than do any of those who are there for He will use the wrath of men to praise His !iake. It is God's eterna1 pur- Him, and so· overrule the diplomacy of pose that this land shall also be a part nations as to open a door for His of the Kingdom of Christ. Our march- Gospel. The key of the gates of Mecca ing orders include Arabia. God's provi- already rests in the Pierced Hand.

dence is opening up Arabia, and finally II. Christ will win the childhood of we have the promise for this land in Arabia. Who can help loving these His own Holy Word. hundreds of thousands of dark-eyed, Christ has done much already. restless, bright Arab boys and girls?

Twenty-five years ago Arabia waS' Christ loves them, too. He will yet closed almost as rigidly as Afghanistan. gather them into His arms, for He Now this Jericho has been surrounded has h~ard Noorah's prayer and will by mission stations from Baghdad all send His mess'engers to lead her into the way around the Peninsula. the way that is straight.

What has been done on the East III. Christ will emancipate Arabia's coast is being planned for the u:omanhood. Slavery was doomed when Vest coast a; well. Our Danish Sister- the coast of Arabia began to be patrol- Mission has effectually occupied Hode- led by British gunboats. Polygamy is ida. The total number of out-patients doomed also. The new day already in the seven missionary hospitals of dawning for womanhood in Turkey Arabia annually almost outnumbers the and in Egypt will also come to Arabia.

total pilgrimage to Mecca. The Bible Moslems themselves are cooperating in has become the best selling book in preaching this new liberty and enlight- the Cradle of Islam, and where the enment. What wonderful results we name of Christian once was a reproach may expect when once schools for girls and a hissing, it now is at least re- exist all over the peninsula, and women garded with respect and by many with at the .yellside of Boreida, Hail and love. Medina listen to the story of the But we must remember that what- Crucified!

ever Christ will do for Arabia, He must IV. Christ will surely find for Him- do through His Church. Weare His self chosen vessels unto honor and representatives until He comes. By select His own living apostles from the the power of His spirit in the hearts of manhood of Arabia. Who can read the those whom He will choose as His mis- story of the early days of Islam with- sionaries (and this includes Christian out wishing that the early apostles of "From Neglected Arabia.

Mohammed had been apostles of Christ! earth . . . let the wilderness and the The character of the Arab has many cities thereof lift up their voices, the noble traits. His endurance, his cour- villages that Kedar doth inhabit; let age, his eloquence, his devotion to a the inhabitants of the rock sing, let leader-what would they not accomplish them shout from the top of the moun- if enlisted by Christ! Our chief aim tains." It is all there, with geograph- and our most ardent prayer. for mis- ical accuracy and up to date: "Cities in sions in Arabia must be this: that God the wilderness," that is Nejd under its will raise up converted Sauls to preach present government; Kedar forsaking the riches of His grace in Christ in the nomad tent and becoming villagers; such a way as no missionary can ever and the rock dwellers of Medain Salih! hope to do. "And I will bring the blind by a way they knew not; I will lead them in V. Christ will do all this for Arabia paths that they have not known; I will because He has promised it. The pros- make darkness light before them and pects for the dark peninsula are as crooked things straight." The only bright as the promises of God. They proper name, the only geographical can not fail. They are the, bedrock of center of the entire chapter, is Kedar. our hopes and the challenge to faith. Another group of missionary promises The sixtieth chapter of Isaiah is the for Arabia cluster around the names gem of missionary prophecy in the Old Seba and Sheba. "All they from Sheba Testament, and a large portion of it shall come; they shall bring gold and consists of special promises .for Arabia. incense and they shall show forth the "The multitude of camels shall cover praises of the Lord" (Is. Ix. 6) . . "The thee, the dromedaries of Midian and kings of Sheba and Seba shall offer Ephah (Sons of Keturah, Gen. xxv. gifts. Yea, all kings shall fall down 1-5); all they from Sheba (South before Him, all nations shall serve Arabia or Yemen) shall come; they Him. . . . He shall live and to Him . shall bring gold and incense; and they shall be given of the gold .of Sheba; shall show forth the praises of the prayer also shall be made for Him Lord. An the flocks of Kedar shall continually and daily shall He be be gathered together unto thee; they praised." (Psalm 72.) shall come up with acceptance on mine altar and I will glorify the house In the same Psalm that gives these of my glory." promises to Southern' and Eastern Arabia we have this remarkable verse: These verses read in connection with "He shall have dominion also from sea the grand array of promises that pre- to sea and from the river unto the ends cede them leave no room for doubt that of the earth. They that dwell in the the sons of Ishmael have a large place wilderness shall bow, before Him and in this coming glory of the Lord and His enemies shaH lick the dust." The the brightness of. His rising. It has river referred to is undoubtedly the only been delayed by our neglect to Euphrates, and the boundaries given evangelize northern Arabia, but God are intended to include the ideal extent will keep His promise yet and Christ of the promised land. Now it is, to shall see of the travail of His soul say the least, remarkable that modern among the camel drivers and shepherds Jewish commentators interpret this pas- of Nejd. And then shall be fulfilled sage together with the forty-eighth that other promise significantly put in chapter of Ezekiel so as to include the Isaiah xlii for this part of the penin- whole peninsula of Arabia in the land sula: "Sing unto the Lord a new song of promise. and His praise from the end of the

DEPADTMENT

OF BEST METHODS CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK SUGGESTIONS FOR MISSIONARY SERMONS AND ADDRESSES ~T HE pastor is the key- The amount of missionary preaching man. In no line of is said to be greatly in excess of what it was half a century ago. But it is still . Christian effort is this far from what it should be. This is largely due to the fact that so many more evident than in the ministers are not really interested in 'missions. According to the reports of development of mission- the denominational leaders consulted by the Home Base Commission of the ary interest in the Edinburgh Conference, the number of ministers vitally interested in missions churches. A missionary pastor makes a is only 5 per cent. in one denomination and IO per cent. in another. Several missionary church, almost without ex- denominations reported less than 25 per cent. interested, and in one only did the ception. "It is possible," says a well- proportion reach 7S per cent.! In most cases this lack of interest is shown not known bishop, "to trace some men from so much by opposition, as by indiffer- ence, and is due to a lack of knowledge church to church by the influence they of the facts. The remedy would seem to be more missions in the seminaries have exerted in arousing missionary en- and more gatherings like the Pastors' Missionary Conference m Rochester thusiasm. Unfortunately the opposite is last December.

also true." Lack of interest, h.owever, is not the only cause of the small number of mis- Of all the means at the disposal of the sionary sermons. Many a pastor is de- terred from preaching on the subject eh,urch for instructing and inspiring its because he believes it unpopular with his people. In many cases the prejudice members along missionary lines, the and opposition on the part of the con- gregation is greatly overrated. But where ministrations of the pulpit are the great- it really exists there is a twofold rem- edy that almost never fails. It is as est. "By his sermons the pastor can follows: bring the subject before the largest num- 1. Frequent use' of missionary illus- trations. "Let there be frequent alluber of members," says John R. Mott.l sions to missions," says John R. Mott. "Some people will at first resent mis- "Probably three-fourths of them do not read the missionary and other church periodkals. In what way save by preach- ing can we hope to bring the facts to their attention? All experience shows that the strong public presentation of the subject by one to whom the mem- bers look for guidance in all things spiritual is the best means of makil}g a deep impression upon them."

The pastors themselves recognize the truth of this. A chart displayed at the New England Conference of Methodist Men held in Boston last November shows that· out of a total of 816 pastors consulted, 431, or more than half, named preaching as the chief method of edu- cating the Church in missions.

1 "The Pastor and Modern Missions."

sionary sermons, but will not do so with 2. Missionary sermons unaccompanregard to illustrations. To influence ied by appeals for money. In too many them, use may be made of the endless churches m-i-s-s-i-o-n-s spells money. variety of effecth~e incidents and illus- It is the pastor who never talks missions trations drawn from missionary biog- without passing the contribution-box raphy and history bearing vitally on who finds his pews empty when he an- Christian experience at home." nounces a missionary sermon.

How Many Missionary Sermons Should There Be in a Year?

Twenty? Archbishop Temple, when Bishop of London, asked the clergy of his Twelve? diocese to preach twenty each year. Five? Some of the reading missionary secretaries, after a careful study of the churches, recommend twelve. A study of twenty-five churches which have yielded large results for missions showed thllt their pastors averaged five foreign missionary ser- mons each year. ~ Four? John R. Mott gives four sermons on world-wide missions as the mini- mum for each year.

One? Some pastors say so, the time and occasion being the annual collection for missions.

"The subiect of missions should have the same relative place in preaching that it has in the Word of God," says The JJIissionary Survey.

What say you?

MAKING MISSIONARY ADDRESSES EFFECTIVE How to make missionary sermons and of personality. Use illustrations and stories addresses more effective is a matter of to enforce general facts and principles. Avoid also the opposite peril of merely tellvital importance not only to pastors but ing anecdotes and not relating them closely to all who attempt to speak in public for to general missionary facts. missions-laymen, women, or young peo- 3. Be human. Let the emotions as well ple. J. Campbell White, general secre- as the intelligence be stirred. Study points of contact with the audience. Don't begin tary of the Laymen's Missionary Move- your address at a point too far removed ment, whose e f f e c t i v e missionary speeches have been such a factor in the from common experience. Humor that is present increase in interest throughout not forced is a help, if it is not overdone.

the churches, formulates the folIowing Human problems, like illiteracy, poverty, suggestions from "actual observation of suffering, make a powerful appeal to people, missionary speaking that hits the mark." and may open their hearts to the deeper He has made us all his debtors by the . spiri.tual needs. "Out of the heart (not the head) are the issues of life." We are govpoints printed in Men and Missions erned, not so much by what we know, as by (here somewhat condensed) : what we feel.

1. Give information rather than exhorta- Illustrations of the unnecessary suffering tion. "A~ audience. is always interested in the world, where Christ is not known, when it is learning." Appeals soon get are very valuable. I f these can be accom- tiresome. Let the facts be the main appeal. panied by object-lessons, however simple, 2. Deal largely with the concrete and tie their value is much increased.

up facts and principles with personality. 4. Present any topic in its widest rela- People are interested more in persons than tions. Study to give comprehensive views.

in principles. The Bible is written in terms (a) If speaking of a Hindu inquirer, let

OF BEST METHODS

his case illustrate some situation in Hindu- actually be done among men. To this end, ism generally. inform the mind, arouse the feeling, but never be satisfied without trying to move (b) If telling about work in your own the will of those to whom you speak. district, let it illustrate the conditions in a whole nation. Secreta of Duff'lI Success By common consent Alexander Duff (c) Think and speak in terms of the takes rank as the greatest of all mission- whole Kingdom rather than of your own ary orators. His vast audiences, not denomination merely. Of course, it is help- only in his native Scotland but in En- ful to use denominational facts for iIlus- gland and America, were swayed as by tration, but they should not obscure the some mighty, supernatural power. In larger work of the whole Kingdom. Every New York, reporters of secular dailies, Christian has a right to the inspiration of forgot their task, and laid down their' the success of the whole army of Christ, pencils to gaze spellbound into the face and also needs the challenge of the whole of the orator. world's need. As a result of his sublime and stirring appeals, men and money were poured 5. Study the value of the eye in acquir- out freely, and the whole Church was ing knowledge. About 80 per cent. of all given a new conception of its duty to we learn comes to 'us through the eye. the heathen. Many believe that his ad- Maps, charts, and object lessons of all kinds dresses at home accomplished fully as are, therefore, of great assistance in pic- much for the cause as his great work in turing the missionary situation. They double India. the power of matly a speaker. They are In his "Life of Duff" Doctor George also of much help in arousing the atten- Smith reveals some of the secrets of tion and interest of a tired audience. this marvelous power: I. No public speaker ever thought less 6. Meet criticism of missions indirectly, of himself or of the form of his oratory. as a rule without advertising them. z. None ever thought more of the mes- 7. Study accuracy in statement. Many a good cause is weakened by exaggeration. sage he believed he was charged with by One statement by a speaker, recognized as his Master to deliver to the Church and not true by a hearer, casts doubt on all the the country. rest he may sax. 3. While eschewing the mechanical 8. Study to minister to the spiritual needs preparation which would have cramped of the people in the audience. Missions while it polished his utterance, he did furnish splendid opportunity for this. Exalt not neglect the careful and admiring Christ, that seeing Him all may be en- study of the masters of English eloriched. quence from Chatham and Burke to Erskine and Canning. A little collec- 9. Be the incarnation of all you ask of tion of their masterpieces, carefully others. marked, seems to have been at one time his constant companion. From these he Unless a man is a message, he can not unconsciously derived the form of his speak a message of any power. Give what oratory; but not more from these than yoU ask and then ask what you will. from Chalmers, at whose feet he had sat. "Vvhat you are speaks so loud that I can not hear what you say." During the last few months of his life Duff gave, in conversation with Only a consuming conviction will burn its his children, some points concerning way deeply and permanently into other his method of preparation for pubiic hearts and lives.

"No great reform wiIl accomplish more than is latent in the character of the reformer." There is a deposit of character back of all words.

to. Have a definite and great purpose in all missionary speaking. It is not mere entertainment or informa: tion the people need. It is conviction, consecration, action, that the wiIl of God may

speaking. A friend, he told them, had FRUITFUL LINES OF APPEAL said to him: "Duff, there's one thing connected with your ipeeches I can not In view of the wide range of topics understand. They seem from beginning available for missionary sermons and adto end to be sudden, impromptu, spon- dresses the question of selection is one taneous effusions. Yet there are parts of of importance. Some months ago the them that look so artistically and arti- Editor of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW put ficially prepared that it is difficult to be- to Dr. R. H. Glover, Foreign Secretary lieve them impromptu." To this Duff of "The Christian and Missionary Alsaid he had made the following reply: liance," whose addresses in various parts of the country were proving so "When called upon to make a specific effective, the following question: speech on a special occasion, my method was this: I abhorred the idea of address- "In making the missionary appeal at ing a great public audience on any sub- home what lines of thought have you ject without thoroughly mastering all found most fruitful?" the principles and details of it. I revolved these over repeatedly in my own The answer prepared by Mr. Glover mind until they became quite familiar on shipboard while en route to China is to me. I then resolved to leave the worthy of careful study. modes of expressing my views or embodying them in language till the time "My own missionary appeal" he says, of delivery. I felt that if I myself thor- "has consisted of the recital of the facts oughly understood my subject I ought and conditions in the ~t'ork abroad, parto be able to make it reasonably intelli- ticularly emphasizing the wonderful gible to all thoughtful men. providential forces at work during the last decade (notably in China, but in 'a "In the course of a long and elaborate measure in all the great mission fields), speech on a vital and important sub- bringing the entire missionary world to ject there were often points that re- a condition of peculiar 'ripeness unto quired great delicacy, or even nicety, in harvest,' preparing it for an aggressive giving them formal expression. These and effective forward movement of particular points I thought over and over world-wide evangelization, and thus for again until not only the thought be- the completion of the task given the came fixt and confirmed, but aho the Church to accomplish during the present very mode of expressing it. So in the dispensation. delivery of the speech; when these points came up I gave them in the language "In connection with the new condiwith which they had become riveted and tions in China and other fields, I have associated in my own mind." sought to point out, not only the favor- ing features, but the threatening ones- John R. Mott says the opening of the floodgates of a god- less civilization, I and the consequent the secret of successful missionary CRISIS, calling for prompt and vigorous sermons is action if we are to make good the present unprecedented opportunity. THOROUGH PREPARATION "I have found the presentation of con- "Whenever a pastor devotes the same trasts between the earlier and later con- quality of thought and the same amount ditions and aspects within my own per- li)f time to work on his sermons on sonal experience very effective, and have missions as he does to other subjects, frequently dwelt upon the 'before and there is no complaint about the lack of after' of missionary work as a concrete missionary interest." argument for missions.

"Besides this field end of the appeal I have found it necessary to press strongly

OF BEST METHODS

the various arguments for missions. I missionary .labor which do not occupy believe my most effective messages have the. first place in the Scriptural program. been those which have driven home upon I have found a true belief in the preheart and conscience Missionary Re- milIienial coming of Christ a tremendous sponsibility from the teaching of the stimulant to missionary interest and sac- Word. I have used the miracle of the rifice. feeding of the five thousand as an inspired parable of missions with good ef- "I have also come to feel that the only fect. Another favorite subject is mis- satisfactory basis for missionary appeal sionary responsibility exprest in scrip- is spiritual life. I have stood before tural terms', such as "debtor," "steward," large, wealthy, and intelligent audiences "trustee," "ambassador," "watchman," and felt my appeal fall as coals of fire etc. I have also traced God's world-wide into water; in other instances, small and plan through both Old and New Testa- humble companies have yielded large rements, especially dwelling upon the plan sponse. The difference was one of spiriand principles of missions as laid down tual life. I therefore strongly favor the in the Acts. uniting of spiritual teaching and testi- mony with appeals for missions. "Holding strongly to a premillenial view, I must say frankly that I can not "I have proved that stereoptican views have the same interest in or hope for may be made effective and deeply conmissionary appeal or work which does vincing as well as entertaining, tho I not link together the present missionary have seen a good many views that did enterprise and the Lord's return. I feel not work that way. Like every other that those who do not hold that blessed line, it depends upon the conviction of hope have not the proper objective, and the speaker himself, and his making the hence usually lay stress upon forms of views lead up to the vital point and to a climax."

The Pastor's Task:2 To Produce Missionary Conviction in the Hearts of His People r To accomplish this he must The great missionary principles in the Word of God. Feed them on") The great missionary facts as they have been L wrought out in the extension of the Kingdom.

Facts! Facta! Facts!3 Iy from the vicinity of Wall Street, said "May I be very frank in making one that he had listened to many missionary suggestion?" asks the Rev. Cornelius H. sermons, and he offered this observa- Patton, D.D., secretary of the American tion: 'The trouble with most missionary Board, whose address on "The Science sermons is that the preachers are long and Art of Missionary Preaching" on .exhortation and short on the facts: arol1sed so much interest at the Pastors' Missionary Conference at Rochester last "Let us take this criticism in good December. "A shrewd layman, evident- nature, and frankly examine our ser- mon methods before we reject it. May • Adapted from D. Clay Lilly in Men and Mis· it not be with some of us that the habit sions. of dealing with religious and philosophi- cal abstractions, of laying down princi- 3 From "Suggestions and Data for ~ermons on ples, of elaborating ideas, and developthe N e~ Era in Foreign .Missions for the Exclusive ing texts, holds us as in a vise? Use of Pastors.," by Cornelius H. Patton. This ex· cellent pamphlet can be obtained by pastors only from the Missionary Education Movement, 156 fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y.

"It is a psychological truth that men Can a church be true to Christ and not be are more influenced by facts than by a missionary church? arguments. Certainly they are not influenced by arguments unsupported by How go about creating a missionary facts. It is so with religion. The num- church? ber of men argued into believing in God is small compared with those who find What are the lines of activity to be fol- God speaking to them in the works of lowed by such a church? nature and in the voices of their own souls. Have we been a missionary church in the past? "Has not this simple truth a value in the matter of winning the rank and file Do we desire to be one now? of our church-members to the missionary Are we wiJIing to pay the price? enterprise? Some may be won over by direct argument, but perhaps more will This would form an excellent outline stiffen their minds and seek counter ar- for a sermon at any time. The following guments by way of rebuttal. Such is "standard for missionary education and human nature. Argumentation has its giving," recently 'printed in Missions, place; but the facts of the work, the wiII help in answering several of the gr~at realities of the mission fields, are questions: mo~e potent if we would win the man who sits at the end of the pew. 1. A representative church missionary committee. "I am not appealing for a string of stories in missionary sermons. Far from 2. Missionary sermons. that. What is needed, if the churches 3. Regu'lar missionary program meetare to be aroused, is a marshaling of the great facts of the mission field according ings. to some well-chosen principle of selec- 4. Systematic missionary education in tion, and then such an interpretation of these facts a's will compel attention and the Sunday-school. bring conviction. The present world- 5. Women's missionary meetings. situation means something to Christ. It 6. A club for Missions. should mean something to Christ's peo- 7. A mission study class. pIe; and it will mean something when 8, Circulation of missionary literature. the people know about it. There is no 9. Weekly missionary offerings. one thing more important just now than 10. An annual every-member canvass. a definite and earnest purpose on the part of p,astors to 'preach up' missions. "This does not include everything that Let our ,pastors master the facts, become may be done," says Doctor John M. afire with enthusiasm as they consider Moore, secretary of the Baptist Departtheir meaning, and then speak with the ment of Missionary Education, "but is it ring of conviction, and we shall see the not a 'big, comprehensive program for situation changing with great rapidity." any church? The best of it is that even a little church can do as much as this. A MISSIONARY CHURCH At the beginning of the year The Mis- "Rating each of these points at 10 per sionary Herald urged the preaching of a cent., what percentage does your church New Year's sermon, with a discussion of register at the present time? Why not the following questions: at once fill in what is lacking, and make it 100 per cent.?" What constitutes a church a missionary church? OPEN DOORS4 A Home Missionary Sermon BY DELAWARE w. SCOTT, LOUISVILLE, KY. Text-Rev. 3 :8. "Behold I have set be- fore thee an open door, and no man can shut it."

In our st-udy of missions we talk much of "open doors" in far-away lands-"the • Adapted from The American Home Mis,ionary.

OF BEST METHODS

open doors of China," etc. We also have to whom we send the Gospel in much to say about the "open doors of non-Christian lands.

America," but too often we fail to see the Low in Moral Standard? They have handwriting of God across the archways. come to learn from us. Shall we We may even be trying, by legislative ac- disappoint them.

tion, to close doors God has opened. Not Needed? They form the back- 1. THE OPEN DOOR BEFORE THE bone of our army of toilers, and are the producers of our wealth. CHURcH-"Behold I have set before thee A Problem? We do not shrink an open door." from other problems. Unchristianized? Christ has waited Doors are opened to admit men, not to long for us to take His message to keep them out. them. N ow He is sending them to us. Some doors are opened to admit us into lands across the sea.

Others are opened to admit to us the heathen nations from across the sea. WHY THIS WASTE 75 The same God opens their doors to us A Foreign Missionary Sermon and our doors to them. Text; "Why was this waste of the oint- II. AMERICA, THE OPEN DOOR OF Op- ment made?" Mark 14 :4.

PORTUNITY. The incident from which this text is The first settlers of America saw an taken is distinguished above all others open door before them and prest into it by the fact that Jesus declares that it in search of shall be held in world-wide and undying remembrance. Wherever missions have 1. Political Freedom. been established this has been realized. 2. Religi01ls Liberty. 3. Opportunity for Unhindered Devel- The obvious moral of the story, how- ever, has not prevented the application opment. to foreign missions of a question, oft- 4. Homes to Shelter Them. repeated and lOUd-sounding, which is The mary millions of foreigners' who practically the same as that of Judasare pressing through our open doors to- "Why this waste?" day come for the very same reasons. 1. THE ApPARENT JUSTIFICATION OF • III. WHO CAN SHUT THESE DOORS? THE QUESTION. "VVhich no man can shut." r. In the face of home needs is it not Can we shut them by a waste to spend millions a year on mis- Legislative enactment? sions to the heathen? Our own selfish hostility? By repudiating our responsibility? 2. In view of the great mortality in Africa and elsewhere, is it not a waste IV. THE STRANGER WITHIN THY to send out missionaries to pestilential GATES. Ve are told that these strangers regions?

are undesirable. 3. In the face of the dearth of efficient Are they undesirables because they are; pastors at home, is it not a waste to send Poor? They are of the class that so many capable and trained men to the formed the tide of immigration to mission field?

this country 300 years ago, and II. THE ABSOLUTE INJUSTICE OF THE that formed the companionship of QUESTION.

Jesus Christ 1900 years ago. 1. The motive is wrong.

Ignorant? They have fine minds 15 This outline, adapted from "The Missionarv and are very teachable, and not Speakers' Manual/' by Buckland and MuJ1in"s half so ignorant as many of those (London: James Nisbet & Company), originally ap- peared in Hesse's Die Mission auf der Kanzel.

(a)' Judas was not concerned on ac- spirit of devotion, and adding count of the poor, but because he other rich blessings.9 was a thief. (lohn 12 :6.) (d) Men accept lucrative business po- sitions and official appointments (b) As a rule, opponents of foreign to unfavorable climates, or are missions are actuated, not by zeal sent off on military service to for the advancement of God's posts of great danger, and there Kingdom at home, but by a nar- is no outcry against it. row spirit of selfishness. ee) The number of men sacrificed in 2. The principle is wrong, i.e., that Mary's offering was wasted and thus missionary work is as nothing profitless. compared with the losses in even a minor war. ((I.) The most convincing instance of U) The deaths of missionaries stimu- this is found in the life, suffer- late the devotion of the home ings, and death of Jesus Him- Church; e.g., How many men self. Thirty years in the quiet of and women have been led to give Nazareth, three years of public themselves to God's work at home life hidden away in a little corner as well as abroad by such deaths of the earth-what a waste of a as those of Livingstone, Patteson, beautiful life! But se~ John and Hannington? 12 :24.6 A GREAT PREACHER'S REMEDY (b) Through Mary's deed of love and Phillips Brooks was once asked: Christ's commendation of it every "What is the first thing you would do if similar so-called waste in God's you had accepted a call to become the service is justified. rector of a small, discounged congrega- tion that is not even meeting its current 3. The inference is wrong, i.e., that expenses ?" men and money given for missions are "The first thing I would do," he rewasted. plied, "would be to preach a sermon on, and ask the congregation to make an of- (a) The amount spent for foreign fering for, foreign missions." missions is a mere trifle in com- Phillips Brooks was never called to parison with other objects of ex- that kind of church, but many pastors penditure-war, luxuries, vice.7 and congregations to-day are proving in their own experience that the best (b) Money expended for mISSIOns way to keep out of debt, develop a brings a fruitful return in in- healthy church, serve the local commu- creased scientific knowledge and nity, is to adopt a world missionary the extension of commerce.s policy and make offerings for carrying the message of Christ into all the world. (c) The support of foreign missions has a beneficial effect on the 9 For a conspicuous example of this, see "The church at home, deepening its Story of Pastor Harms and the Hermannsburg 11ission," l1rSSIONARY REVIEW~ July, 1899, pages 6 See also "The Evolution of New China," by 489·499. Brewster, pages 3I4~I6.

'f See "The Cost of Superfluities," MrsSIONARY REVIEW, October, 19l4, page 792.

8 See "Human Progress Through Missions," by Barton.

Isaiah 6:8 An offer of service ………………. "Here am I; send me." A prayer for commissioning ……… "Here am I; send me."

In his great sermon, "The Divine Call for Missionaries," Spurgeon used this text both ways

W DLD-WiDE

MISSI ADYNEWS INDIA . "Then the vernacular versions of the English Bible could be counted on the Population According to Religion fingers of one hand; now there are translations of the Scriptures in seventy- Increase six Indian languages and dialects, in- cluding eighteen translations of the 1901. 1911. per cent whole Bible."

Hindu ….. 207,147,026 217,586,920 5.04 Mass Movements Increasing Mussulman . 62,458,077 66,623,412 6.66 BISHOP ROBINSON of the Metho- dist EpiscopaL Church, declares Buddhist 9,476,759 10,721,449 13.13 that the movements among multitudes of the common people of India toward Animistic .,. 8,584,148 10,295,168 19.94 Christianity are still taking place in various parts of the country. They are Christian … 2,923,241 3,876,196 32.24 strongest around Delhi and in the United Provinces, but they prevail also in the Sikh ……. '2,195,339 3,014,466 37.37 Panjab, the Central Provinces, and in Baroda. In Meerut, 50,000 baptisms Jain …….. 1,334,148 1,248,182 -6.44 have resulted tho there are only two missionaries in that area. Parsee ….. 94,190 100,100 6.27 Mr. Schaatz, the missionary statiol1('d Jewish ….. 18,228 20,980 15.09 at Ballia, says that he is besieged on all hands by villagers who come begging_ Various …. 129,900 37.108 -70.98 him to go and baptize them. They come from the villages, some many miles. Total ……. 294,361,056 313,523,981 6.51 distant, urging the missionary to come out and give them an opportunity of I Anglican Progress in India accepting Christianity. He has baptized N connection with the centenary of the nearly 1,000 of them in seven months, . appointment of the first Bishop of and finds it impossible to take advantage Calcutta, the Church Missionary Society of the opening because of the lack of Gazette points out some 'striking facts of money and workers. Anglican Church progress during the century: In the seven great Indian areas now deeply affected by the mass movements, "In 1ST4 there were 700,000 Christians there are 565 Indian native preachers. of all denominations and races in India; In the Delhi district there are 350,000 now there are 3,876,203 Christians; and people ready to embrace Christianity. of these 492,317 belong to the Anglican A practical laymen's movement among Communion. the Chaudharis has been set on foot. They agree, as lay agents without "Then there was one Anglican bishop salaries, to evangelize their whole comin the whole of the eastern hemisphere; munity and prepare them for baptism if 1!OW there are thirteen dioceses in the Province of India alone, and the Bishop of Assam will be the fiftieth consecrated for India. Then there were forty Anglican clergy, and no Indian clergy; no:u there are 93I clergy, 30I of whom are Indian.

((Then there were fifteen churches; 110W there are I,2I5. Then there were very few Anglican schools and no college; now there are 239 schools, eighteen colleges, and fifteen divinity schools. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 300 the Christian missionary societies will people. Many Christians took part in provide for their pastoral care. these meetings. We conducted these meetings in the front of our house. Christ, an Indian's Ideal People of Padal circuit and of sur- rounding villages had come to these A METHODIST missionary in India, meetings. We told them about our Rev. E. Stanley Jones, narrates a Savior Lord Jesus. Many people were striking experience, which is typical of greatly imprest with the preaching, and the attitude of many thoughtful men in by the grace of God many hearts were India to-day. drawn toward Christianity, and we thank God for this. Dharalas, Pati- "While giving a series of addresses dars, a'nd many of the high caste a short time ago, I was asked if the people who were followers of this sect audience might question me freely on came to this' MeIa, and we had an opthe last night. I gladly agreed to this portunity to preach .to them also. plan. The finest lawyer in Sitapur was Ramdas Bava expected to receive more secured to prepare a case on what I money than at the time of last Mela, had been saying. He came armed with but his expectation remained unfulgreat piles of papers. The burden of filled. From this it is concluded that his objections was the failure of Chris- the people have not so much inclinatianity among Western nations. This tion toward this Bava as at first. Many was beside the point, of course. But people, by the effect of the preaching things took a complete turn when, of Christianity seemed to fall back ignoring this criticism, I strest Christ from him. We thank God for this. Himself wholly without the background The Bava came to our house and he of Western civilization. In painting made much pr.essure upon us to go to the beauty of His character, I stopt his house for dinner, but we refused, and said, 'Oh! how I wish I were like saying it was worship of an idol. At Him!' To my great surprize the cross- this our saying they were greatly imexamining lawyer exclaimed, '1 do, prest." too. 1 do, too.' And he certainly meant it."

Native' Christians as Evangelists The Three Pictures W RITING from Baroda Camp, In- A TELLING article that appears in dia, Rev. John Lampard men- The East and W cst, on Christian tions that he has just completed a tour and Buddhist ideals, gives "three picof his district. The work is large and tures": One is a little room on the the duties onerous. The area of the top story of a tenement in a slum district is about 6,000 square miles, near the Regent's Canal. The owner and there are Christians living in 435 of the, attic, in her simple deaconess villages and numbering over II,000. dress, greets the visitor with a radiant Mr. L. encloses a translation of a smile. She has left a home of ease, letter received from one of the work- and spends her time in helping the ers, which furnishes a vivid illustra- sick and visiting the poor. She has tion of the evangelistic zeal of the found her ideal, and followed it. Annative Christians. (The "Bava" was a other picture, this time from China, is leader of a religious sect): of a tiny cell in a Buddhist monastery, where a Buddhist monk has sat for "Loving salaams from your worker many years. He has taken a vow of Luksham Dhula and his family. The complete silence, and never opens his Mela of Ramanandi Sect was held here lips. What a mistaken idea of a God on the 2nd November. Four big meet- of Love, to think that He should give ings were conducted by us among these

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

the gift of speech ill order to ha'Ve It all the missionaries were put to death thus thrown away! The third is the thirteen years ago, the place of assembly l>icture of a Hindu fakir. He has a was the new mission church. The meetlong wooden board dotted over with ing was attended by the magistrate and spikes, and on these he has sat or lain by the official and unofficial leaders. The for more than five years. His religion church was packed, One of the interest- (partly influenced, no doubt, by Budd- ing points about that service was that at hism), has landed him in exactly the its close the city elders, who had become same quagmire as the Chinese monk. deeply interested, asked if' they might Compare the three ideals! hold a similar meeting on the following day. Permission was granted, the city CHINA elders finding the speakers, and the mis- sionaries the men to pray, At the close Fifty Years Work in China of this second service, some 25 of the city gentry who were present, handed in REV. J. STUART HOLDEN, who is their names as wishing to form a class now Home Director of the China for the study of Christianity. Out of Inland Mission, writes: this second meeting there grew a class f)f some eighty adults representing the "In May we shall celebrate, if the Lord official classes and the gentry, who began tarry, the jubilee of the Mission. In a systematic and regular study of Chrisconnection with this glad occasion a tianity, and a considerably larger number volume is being prepared which will put of the students in Government schools at our disposal such a summarized formed other classes with the same account of God's gracious dealings object,"-MedicaZ Missions at Home and during these fifty years as can not 'fail Abroad. to inspire each of us to fresh praise and new surrender. For He has indeed AThe War a Teat of Christians dealt bountifully with us. It has, for in- PRESBYTERIAN m iss ion a r y stance, been on the hearts of not a few writes from Yeung Kong, China, "A to ask for the completion of 50,000 bap- 1110st striking and faith-strengthening tisms by the end of this period; and to fact is evident, and that is the increasing His praise alone I am able to say that separation in aim between the faithful jUdging by present indications we may followers of Christ and the world. I confidently expect that this total will be have yet to hear of one individual Chrisreached. What a glorious harvest of tian who is in favor of the war. In the the seed sown in weakness by our be- matter of care for missions of the counloved forerunners of fifty years ago!" tries at war, the pastor in charge of the German Mission in Hong Kong in- Radical Changes in China formed me that the first gift he received after declaration of war was ten pounds THE changes in China during the past sterling from an English missionary in Hankow." , twelve months are as wonderful as any that have occurred in the years Chinese Christians and the Jews since the Revolution which preceded the abdication of the Manchu dynasty. T HAT the native Chinese congrega- Most notable of an was the Govern- tions in connection with the Presbyment's call to prayer fo be observed on terian Church of England should 27th April in an the Christian churches, systematically support Gospel work an order which was followed not only in among the Jewish people, is a fact of China, but widely also through Christen- peculiar interest. In an explanatory dom. Here is one illustration of these meetings in interior China. "At Fenchofu, in the province of Shansi, where

communication, a nativCi pastor writes: the mouth of every man, woman and "Formerly the Christians in China child in China" is tbe watchword of one were indifferent as to the salvation of of the big Anglo-American tobacco the Jews, not realizing that they had a companies.

duty in the matter; but of late years After the Eddy Meetings they have recognized that they also R. ARTHUR H. SMITH writes that D have a .responsibility to that people. the follow-up work in Peking has Realizing this, the Synod of the Presbyterian Church of South Fukien have been directly related to the different decided that a collection shaH be taken – churches. Great numbers of the enyear'by year on an appointed day for the quirers are not only attending the Sun- day evening meetings but also the morn- Evangelization of the Jews." Thus, in a very striking manner, from ing service. The whole tone has changed the Far East we are furnished with because of this attendance of large numgrounds for praying that God's ancient bers of students who had never come to people, still scattered throughout the church before. world, may be saved through the min- Every month there is also held a istry of believing Gentiles-that, as the special social meeting for the inquirers great Apostle wrote, "through your and others. These have been very popmercy they also may obtain mercy" ular, each being attended by from 200 to 300 persons, mostly government students. (Rom. II: 31). "We feel," he says, "that the church is What Some Bibles Did now meeting their needs intellectually A SCHOLAR in Peking has been in- as well as religiously; and we be- vestigating the New Testament for lieve that the educated classes in Peking himself and has been soundly converted. will, as never before, look up to the "My Word" . • "not void." He came church as a center not only of religious into the Bible Society rooms in Peking propaganda, but of culture and learning, and said that he was persuaded of the and as a center from which they can absolute truth and inestimable value of serve the community. In this way we this book to renovate Ghina. He had have a growing movement which we investigated various faiths. This was pray may be of lasting value to the the one that rung true. Could he get Christian church in Peking, and to the, copies to send to his friends? As many whole Christian movement in China."

as 50? Could he get 500 copies Finally Christian Activity of Bible W omeD he ended by buying 5,584 copies of the New Testament, some in elegant leather MR. BECK reports the largest numbindings for influential friends. He ber of Bible-women employed in paid for them at once and was preparing any of our agencies. Their work is of elegant silk sheets to accompany many great interest and blessing, as the folof them. On these sheets were written lowing extracts indicate: From General in scarlet and gold characters his esti- Secretary Crispin of the Salvation mate of the precious Book. Pray for Army we have this testimony concernthose Bibles.-MRs. ARTHUR H. SMITH. ing some of our Bible-women: "One of our Bible-women named Yun Po. In Cigareta for China was visiting the house of a woman who W HEN ,the Christians held their first had worshiped the devil for twenty- service at the Altar of Heaven in seven years. After talking, prayin!"

Peking, agents of the tobacco companies and reading the Bible to her she was were selling cigarets at this same- led to see that there was a greater Chinese Holy of Holies. "A cigaret in power than that of the devil-the

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power of the Savior's blood,' which municants number I4,192. During last could take all her sins away the mo- year I,280 children and 2,I02 adults ment she repented and believed. were baptized. In 29 hospitals and 2I Eventually this woman bowed her dispensaries over a quarter of a milknees in prayer, and has ever since lion patients were treated. The highest been a diligent searcher of the Word of figures were in Chekiang and Fukien, God. There was such a change in her where the Church Missionary Society life that her son, who was slightly has large institutions, and curiously defective in his mind, was taken hold enough were exactly equal-58,408 in of, and instead of striking her as he each diocese; but according to Church had been used to doing, he bowed his Missionary Society returns, nearly 100,- knees and afterward went to the house 000 visits of out-patients were recorded of God with her. It is wonderful to in Church Missionary Society hos'pitals us what good has' been wrought in Fukien in the year 19I3. through the assistance of the Bible Society in sending forth women to Going Into Shenai teach the Word. We are grateful for all that has been done in this respect SHENSI, the great central province in helping us in the Salvation Army:"- of North China, is rich in coal, Bible Society Record. iron and petroleum, and is one of the sections in which the Standard Oil The Anglican Church in China Company has particularly desired, and recently secured, concessions. Its people, I N April, I9 I2, representatives of the who are strong and intelligent, declare various sections of the Anglican that they are direct and unmixed des- Communion in China met at Shanghai, cendants of the tribes which came examined finally a constitution and originally to China from the cradle of canons which had been tentatively the race. Sian-fu, the capital of Shensi, adopted three years before, and then was the seat of government and home formally adopted them, thus bringing of the emperors for hundreds of years into corporate existence th~ "Chung before Christ. Hua Sheng Kung Hui" ("Church of China"). The Church consists of Ten or twelve important walled cities eleven dioceses, namely Shanghai, Vic- are in the northern part of the provtoria, Chekiang, North China, Western ince, which has been assigned to the China, Hankow, Shantung, Fukien, American Board for missionary occu- Kwangsi and Hunan, Honan, and An- 'pation. Through one of these, Yu-Linking. The third issue of the "Chinese fu, under shadow of the Great WaH Churchman's Year Book" just to hand and the headquarters of the army of consists mainly of statistical tables. the Northwestern provinces, passes The foreign (i.e. European and Ameri- practically all of China's trade with can) staff numbers II bishops, I48 Eastern Mongolia. A generous friend, clergymen, and 557 other workers, in- hearing of the addition of this great cluding wives. In the Chinese staff district to the Board's already large there are 99 clergymen, and I,452 other responsibilities, gave a thousand dollars workers, besides 30 candidates for the for immediate use in sending out ministry and 369 students in training Chinese evangelists and preachers as catechists, Bibk women, nurses, etc. trained in Fenchow Theological semi- There are 31,323 baptized Christians nary, in the neighboring province of (of whom over 10,000 are in Fukien) Shansi, who will be under the superand 7,3I7 catechumens, and the com- vision of a missionary or of an experi- enced Chinese pastor.

Curious Marriage Customs Last autumn six cages' hanging out- MARRIAGE customs in China are side one of the city gates, exhibited peculiar, and vary in different the heads of six recently slain brigands.

parts of the country. Dr. C. E. Tomp- One bore the name of White Wolf, kins of Suifu, Szechuen, was asked re- whose wild career of pillage and blood- cently by one of his converts, a young shed struck terror to the hearts of the man of twenty, to find him a wife. In people of several provinces. But the girls' school a young woman was whether this head is actually his re- found who was both ready and willing, mains a matter of doubt and specu- so negotiations were started. The lation.-Alliance Weekly.

young couple do not correspond or see JAPAN-KOREA each other until they meet at the wed- A Call to the Home Church ding ceremony. The gifts of the pros- S pective groom were carried on a tray OUTHERN Methodist missionaries write home: "At this time when the by two servants to the house where the compact was to be written, for the call is for a great advance in the Chris- betrothal ceremony is very serious and tian evangelization of Japan, the clouds binding. The representatives of the have thickened and overcast the sky in interested parties met, pen and ink the home lands. Our prayer to God is were brought, and a Chines'e teacher, that the great struggle in Europe may opening a big red paper folder, richly not distract the attention of the Church decorated, inscribed in it the full name or interfere with its unalterable purpo3e of each of the young people, together to present Christ to those who need with the year, month, day and hour of Him; but on the contrary that it will their birth. In the four corners of the inspire to greater sacrifice and incite to page were written "heaven long" and a more relentless warfare against the "earth old," meaning as long as the powers of darkness and sin. After a sun shines and the earth stands. After careful survey of our field we find that this ceremony tea and cakes were in order to strengthen the position of served and the girl's return gifts to the our Mission in response to immediate young man were placed on the tray. demands; the following reinforcements should be sent to us: I . We desire to Items of Interest from Kaifeng open twenty new stations for which resident missionaries are required. 2. I N Kaifeng, the important provincial We need twenty single ladies to be sent capital of Honan, Dr. Whitefield for direct evangelistic work. 3. Thirty Guinness of the China Inland Mission, new Church buildings are needed and a a son of the late Dr. Grattan Guinness, still greater number of Sunday-school has an excellent hospital work, which chapels. 4. Large endowments for our is held faithfully subservient to spiri- schools are needed, especially for the tual ends. Kaifeng is a great city of Kwansei Gakuin and the Hiroshima perhaps 250,000 people. It is six miles Girls' School. south of the YeHow River, and lies at a lower level than the river itself, from which it is protected by high city walls Signs of Progress Among Japanese and strong dykes. It was here that the "THE steady onward movements of only colony of Jews in China once God's forces are seen in the reg- lived. There is no longer any trace of ular weekly meetings, but we need some- them or their temple, but two stone times to storm the forts by special ef- tablets, engraved with Chinese char- fort. Such an effort has jUst been made acters, remai~ to commemorate this ex- in our four .churches on the Kyoto cir- tinct community. cuit and at Kyoto station. The meeting

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lasted two weeks, and many souls wen: I'. Terauchi, Japanese Governor-General reached with the Gospel message for the of Korea. These six men were the only first time. More than fifty exprest a defendants finally found guilty in Ocdesire to be instructed more fully in tober, 1913, among 105 Christian conthese things. They are as earnest verts, who were accused of a plot to kill seekers after the light as I have ever the Governor-General of Korea. By obtried to lead. In Central the greatest taining this pardon the Japanese Preresults were realized, as we were able mier, Count Okuma, who for long has to reach more people in our new church heen friendly to missions, atones for the building. About ten of them will be great blunder committed by the overbaptized before the end of the year. I officious and unduly suspiCious police am glad to be able to report that the administration of Korea. The evidence congregations in our new church are in- produced at the trial made it plain that creasing regularly and conditions are there never existed such a plot as was most encouraging."-W. A. DAVIS, mentioned in the charges. This act of justice must strengthen Japan in the KYOTO. esteem of Americans and result in new loyalty on the part of Koreans. We feel New Dictionary for Koreans confident that the worst features of this affair wiII never be repeated. R. GEORGE HEBER JONES is D the author of a new English- A Christian Orphanage Korean Dictionary just issued by the Methodist Publishing House of Tokyo, DOCTOR PETTEE gives in the Japan. The Dictionary consists of Japan Evangelist an account of Mr. scientific, technical, literary and general theological terms. The main part con- Ishii's orphanage at Okayama. When tains over five thousand English words, still a medical student, Mr. Ishii was with twice as many subsidiary terms. stirred by reading about the work for These are defined both in Korean and in street waifs 'carried on by John Pounds, Chinese and the whole 10 indexed by a the Portsmouth cobbler, and about that of list of Korean terms with numbered George MiilIer for 'Bristol orphans. In citations that refer back to the body of 1887 he befriended a beggar lad, and the text, thus making the volume avail- shortly after rented a Buddhist temple able for Koreans who desire to find the for his growing family of dependents. English or Chinese equivalent of scien- Out of these beginnings has grown the tific or theological terms in their native great orphanage at Okayama which has language. There are fifty thousand served as a model for many another instudents in the modern school system in stitution in Japan and other Eastern Korea to whom the volume will be of countries. The main principles of the service. undertaking are: faith in prayer; 110 reserves beyond to-day; self-support; Korean Christians Released education of head, hand and heart; the cottage system; farm colonizing; no re- ON February 13th a pardon from the fusal of entrance to a needy orphan; no incurring of debt; tithing for the Lord's Japanese Emperor set free Baron work. There are about 10,000 Japanese Yuin Chi Ho, a former cabinet minister; contributors to the work. Nearly 600 Yan Ki-Tak, formerly connected with children are in residence, but during the the Korean Daily News; An Tai-keg, famine of 1906 more than 800 additional 1m Chi-Chong, Yi Sung-Hun and. Ok half-starved, .vermin-covered youngsters Wan-Pin, who in July of 1913 were sen- were brought in and cared for. tenced to six years' imprisonment for an alleged attempt to as·sassinate General

Baby Contest in Korea thcm give up their Kurdish headdress, as there was danger that in the fighting "BETTER babies contests" arc a fam- the Russian soldiers would mistake them iliar feature of the work among for Kurds. So they went around beg- ging all the cast-off European fedoras, the poor in our great cities, and the straws, derbys, etc., and one strapping educational value of the plan is being mountaineer was seen with his precious proven on the mission field. In Songdo, gun over his shoulder and a lady's fancy- Korea', some sixty-five women were en- shaped leghorn perched on his head. rolled. In Bible classes, and at the end of the term's work, a baby show was Urumia Missionaries Isolated held. Miss Hortense Tinsley writes of it: "We grouped the babies together HE Presbyterian Foreign Board rein different sections and displayed large, T ceived the following cablegram dated attractive charts glVlllg information January 20th at Tiflis in Russian Cauabout 'the clothing and sanitation re- casia: quired for a healthy baby. In each group selections were made of first, "Urumia in the hands of Turks and second, and third best babies, and Kurds, cut off from all communication; teachers explained the charts and the situation missionaries and Christians points on which the awards were made. critical; help urgent there and for 15,000 These were physical development, free- refugees here." dom from disease, cleanliness, and proper clothing. The signers are three Persians, teachers in the Presbyterian mission Vie hope to continue this campaign schools at Urumia, all educated in the every year until we really do have United States and naturalized American better babies in Korea. The Korean citizens. The information is accepted mother loves her child, but is' ignorant as reliable, and occasions great concern, about what to do for it, and the mor- altho it is believed the Turkish troop" tality among babies is alarmingly high." occupying U rumia can be trusted to -Missionary Voice. protect the lives of Americans.

MOSLEM LANDS Later cablegrams report the mission- aries in Urumia and Tabriz well, and Persia and the War appeal for aid for destitute refugees. The boys' school in Tabriz is crowded THE Christians at Urumia had a trv- with missionaries and Christian refugees ing experience in the attempt of the under the protection of the American flag. The American missionaries are Kurds to capture the city and the CO!l- not apprehensive for their personal fEct ensuing between them and the safety, as' the medical work has made Russians aided by the Syrians. the Kurds friendly toward them. Up to March 1st $6,000 had already been The Kurds swept down to the hill back sent, but more is needed. Money for reof Charbash, only ten minutes from the lief may be sent to Dwight H. Day, city, but Russian reinforcements came in Treasurer, I56 Fifth Avenue, New York. such numbers that the Kurds saw they could do nothing and returned the next Mission Hospital Used by Turks day. Of course the mission yards were filled with refugees and their goods. SOON after the outbreak of the war, Dr. W. S. Dodd wrote of the use There were many sad sights, with which the Turkish government prowounded "in the' hospital, separated posed to make of his hospital in Konia. families and thos'e in destitution. There were also some bits of food for laughter. "The government wants this hospital When the Russian commandant gave for wounded soldiers. They will take guns to the mountain Syrians they made

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over the whole estahlishment-nurses, Turkey. It uses Turki5h a, the languphysicians, and all. I will remain age 0 f instruction. This college has physician in charge, doing all oper- had a peculiar share in the support and ating, having one Turkish physician development of the native evangelical with me as officially in charge. The churches in' Turkey. About sixty of government will pay salaries of nurses its alumni are classified as ministers, and servants, and all food, drugs, and a larger number as teachers. Todressings, etc. Konia is called on to day in Turkey its graduates are pastors provide hospital accommodation for 500 of evangelical congregations numberbeds. Ours has thirty:'-Missionary ing 18,000 and preach to an average of Herald. 8,000 people each Sabbath. From the first the college has conducted medical School for the Deaf in Turkey work. Hospital work has continued, under the name of the Azariah Smith THE one opportunity offered to deaf Memorial Hospital. The record of children in all the Turkish Empire work for the year 1913-1914 is 517 maj or operations and 42,380 treatto receive a training that will prepare ments, with 21,000 prescriptions filled them for useful and happy lives is in connection with the outpatient degiven by the King School for the Deaf partment. The institution had in 1913in Marsovan, Turkey_ Here Armenian 1914 twenty-five teachers and 232 stuboys and girls, some of whom have dents, twelve members on the medical come from miserable surroundings, are staff, with pupils in the Nurses' Trainnot only taught to speak and given a ing-school. common school education, but learn a trade and live in an atmosphere of From the Koran to the Bible Christian helpfulness and love. Girls learn sewing and boys carpentry, and TILL now the Turk committed the both help in the work of house and Koran to memory without undergarden. It is found most desirable to have children enter at eight years old, standing what he read, it being confor the course is of necessity a long sidered a sacrilege to translate it into one. As soon as they reach an age the language of the people. Popular and stage of development when they editions have, however, been issued, can live with normal children to advan- but these revealed so many falsehoods tage, they are to be placed in the that they produced unbelief. Hence GirlS' Boarding-school or the Boys' they are now ordered to be confiscated. Home connected with Anatolia College. But the Scriptures have been circulated The school is under the direction of far and wide and- many are reading the Miss Charlotte Willard. Bible.

Central Turkey Collece Missions in Turkey C ENTRAL Turkey College, at C ANON HANAUER, writing from Aintab, is the oldest of the Ameri- Damascus, states that he has' had to can colleges in the interior of Turkey. close the schools in that city, and that It was established in 1876, next after the French and Russian schools have Robert College, at Constantinople, and also been closed. Placards stirring up Syrian Protestant College, at Beirut. Moslem fanaticism against the English, It is under the care of the Congrega- especially, are exposed in the bazaars by tional Church. It is located in the authority. British, French and Russian largest Protestant center in the Turkish Consuls are detained as prisoners and Empire, and in the midst of the Turk- British subjects, tho not prisoners, have ish-speaking Christian population of had their freedom considerably limited.

Dr. Mackinnon, of the Edinburgh a number of letters on the subject. One Medical Mission, was imprisoned in the reader, "A Modern Israelite," takes the hospital for a few days, but has now view that the idea is simply "a very been given some liberty owing to the pretty and poetical dream." The other efforts of the American Consul. side is represented by a letter, part of which we quote: The London Society for Promoting Christianity Among the Jews has not Thousands of years have passed since closed a single station up to the prese:lt they lost their land, and they have been time. years of misery and sorrow for'the great bulk of the Jews. . . . Truly now, as British missionaries have had to re- well as in the time of Moses, "their comturn to England-leaving most of their plaint comes up unto God by reason of belongings behind-but those of other their bondage." Every nation in the nationalities' have continued the work. world could, if she would, find in history It is estimated that it will cost thousands some period when her people were guilty of pounds to replace the medical equip- of treating the Jews most barbarously. ment, instruments, linen, etc. damaged or . . . A new: map is going to be drawn, stolen by the Turkish soldiers now and there will be a great displacement quartered in the hospital buildings. The of nations. Now is the time for them to Turkish Government has also seized return to their old Zion, that a Jew may hospitals and girls' day-schools, also a be proud and not ashamed to say hencemissionary's house both at Jerusalem forth: "Hebrew I am." and Safed. School work, according to the latest reports, however, is still being AFRICA carried on in Smyrna and in two boarding-schools in Jerusalem. Success of Missions in Egypt The Church Missionary Society re- EVENTS in Egypt have called attenports that twenty-five of its missionaries are prisoners of war in the hands tion to the progress of missionary Of England's foes. (Fourteen of these instruction. The Church Missionary are in German East Africa.) In Pal- Society first began work in Egypt ninety estine, six Church Missionary Society years ago. At the present time it has missionaries are being held, Dr. Sterling schools for boys and girls at Cairo and having actually been confined in prison large hospitals at Old Cairo; schools.at at Gaza for several days, Mrs. Sterling Helouan, Menouf, Shubra Zanga, and being permitted to take him his daily Ashmoun; and dispensary work is also food. His own comment on the experi- carried on in these places. The girls' ence merely was that he had enjoyed school at Menouf is the only one in a leisure for reading, a real lUXUry to so district containing more than 200,000 busy a man. The Protestant Christians people. In the Northern Sudan, besides were said to be free from molestation, the hospitals at Omdurman, there are tho some of the Society's schools had schools at Khartum and at Atbara; and been taken over for the accommodation itt the Southern Sudan, on the White of the troops. Nile, a thousand miles south of Khar- tum, where the people are pagans, two THE Judaea for the Jews tribes are reached, the Dinkas and the article in Truth, on the subject Azandi (the latter better known as the of the return of the Jews to Pales- Nyam-Nyams). General Gordon aptine, as their own land, after the con- pealed for missionaries to the latter, and clusion of the war, has attracted much the work in the Sudan belongs to what attention. Our contemporary publishes is known as the "Gordon Memorial Mission."

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A Successful Work for Moslems I A New Sect in Uganda UNIQUE mission has beeh conduct- T is remarkable that tho thirty-sev.en ed for nearly four years in Port years have elapsed since the Church Said by Miss Erriccson and Miss Ek- Missionary Society started its work in lund. In November, 1911, they took a Uganda, no schism of any importance house in the poorest part of the city- has appeared within the native Church. the Ville Arabe, and soon the Moslem For some years, partly under the regis neighbors became interested and asked of one of the most important chiefs of them to open a school for girls. The the country, a small body has existed neighbors even engaged a town-crier to whose distinctive trait has been a rigid go through the streets and announce refusal to have any dealings with doctors that such a school ·would be opened. A or medicine. At first its members were large number of girls were brought at content with registering their protest once, and the' school is now filled to its against the doctors, while remaining capacity-130 girls, all Mohammedans. themselves in the Church in which they had been bap.tized, but within the past After long-continued and strenuous few months they have built a church of o·pposition to the teaching of the Bible their own, appointed their own catechist, to these girls, that hostility seems over- declared themselves independent of the come, and the girls carry their Bibles constituted Church authority, and have freely with them into their homes. This begun to "baptize" their adherents on a shows what may be accomplished by large scale. tactful and pa1:1ent »ork for Moslems, without attempting the roundabout ap- Moravian Missions in Africa p·roach through the Coptic and other Oriental churches. I N view of the difficulties which the Moravian Mission Board were likely Yoruban Chief Baptized – to encounter in their endeavors to finance their missions from headquarters, REV. LEWIS M. DUVAL, a Baptist the local Provincial Mission Board in Missionary in Nigeria, writes of South Africa, Vest, have voted to carry on the work as best they can without having recently baptized 23 converts looking fat any support from Europe. He says all excepting three were grown There are at present twenty-four male men and women. "Among them was· Europeans employed in one way or an- 'Bada,' one of the important chiefs of other in connection with the Moravian Saki, who has had a very eventful life, Mission in, South Africa, West. Of being the chief warrior of this district, these, ten are in ministerial service, and ~nd is held in great re·spect among all the remainder are employed in the Misthe people. He had many wives, but sion stores. The international character since professing faith in Christ has of the Mission is shown by the fact that given them all up but one, in order that this staff of twenty..four male Europeans he might be baptized. He is the only comprises British, German, Swiss. and Yoruban that I have ever heard of that Dutch subjects. Five young German has been willing to give up his surplus clerks have been interned at Johanneswomen. 'Bada' is a man about 60 years hurg, but the managers of the stores, of age, and was led to Christ by one 'Jf altho of German nationality, have his sons, who is attending our day-school, been left in their places. This is looked and shows evidence of being a valuable upon as a great and very kind concession worker for God. We are hearing of on the part of the Government, for many conversions all over the country nearly every other German subject in and our hearts rejoice."-Foreign Mission Journal.

the Colony up to the age of sixty has held a meeting at which 90 soldiers pro- been interned.-Moravian Missions. fest conversion. On another 70 came forward and confest Christ. On yet EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN another 50 men decided for the Christian life. Soldiers on the way to the front China Inland Mission Jubilee are ready to listen to the message of salvation. IN 1915 the China Inland Mission will complete the fiftieth year of its work. THE CONTINENT During the year 1913 no fewer than 54 DR. Christian Work in Belgium new workers were added to the Missioil. HENRI ANET, delegate from Of these, 13 were probationers from the two principal Protestant bodies Great Britain, two from North America, of Belgium-the Christian Missionary 5 from Australasia, and 4 were accepted Church of Belgium and the Union of in China; while 14 were Associates Evangelical Churches in Belgium-has from Germany and 16 connected with been speaking in Britain on the conthe Scandinavian Associate Missions. dition of churches in his country. He After deducting losses by death, retire- bore testimony to the fact that Protesments, etc., there were at the close of tant church buildings in the center of 1913 no fewer than 1,°76 active mission- the thickest fighting had been mostly aries in the Mission. During the last spared. At Charleroi, the Protestant ten years there has been an increase of church was standing undamaged in the six new Chinese workers for each new midst of ruins and ashes. In the bemissionary. The total staff, if mission- sieged towns-even in Louvain and aries and paid Chinese helpers be in- Malines-the Protestant buildings were cluded, is just about 2,500 persons. spared. In smaller places the simple meeting halls have been saved from The War and British Endeavorers looting, and sometimes also the houses of church members which had on their FIVE years ago there were only four walls Bible texts or Protestant calen- Floating Christian Endeavor so- dars. cieties in Great Britain. Since that time the work has wonderfully developed, and Dr. Anet was able to report that tho in many ports committees have been these Belgian believers are "distrest" formed to work among sailors. In some indeed, they are "not in despair." The ports there are floating secretaries; in present fiery trials have awakened or others, floating committees. Thousands developed the spiritual life of the of letters are sent each year to sailors, churches. All the services and meetings and needle-cases, woolen scarfs, and other have been maintained, even where the things are sent out in great numbers. pastors have been detained abroad by The present war has opened up a great the war or have been mobilized in the field of service for British Endeavorers armies. Prayer meetings are held daily both among sailors and soldiers. Al- or several times a week. The churches ready more than a thousand soldiers and halls have never before been so have made the great confession, signing crowded, many outsiders seeking comdecision-cards, and giving addresses to fort and spiritual strength in these times the workers so that letters may be sent of trial. The workers are lifting up to them. Some ot'the hospitals are open their eyes and looking, forward to yet to visits of Endeavorers who are not greater efforts for the evangelization of slow to seize the opportunity of minis- their people when peace shaH be retering to the sick. Floating workers stored. visit the transports and preach the gospel to the troops. On one ship W. G. Clarke, a Southampton floating worker,

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS 31 I

New Pope Favors Italian Gospels the blessing of God was so manifestly THE new Pope, Benedict XV, has on the work that they dared not give recently written a letter to the it up. It has now become an addi- Italian St. Jerome Society, in which tional charge on the English-speaking he recommends the home study of the Provinces, since a large part of the Scriptures in the vulgar tongue. The funds had previously been supplied object of this society, when it was . frotn Continental sources.-The Chrisfounded in 1902, was to prepare a tian. Pastor Fetler in Exile fresh Italian translation of the New Testament, or at least parts thereof, RELIGIOUS liberty in Russia is and to circulate the books at a cheap threatened by the reactionary ele- price for personal reading. .The Presi- ments as never before since its procla- dency of the society was accepted by mation by the Imperial Ukase of 1905.

the present Pope, who was then Under So writes Pastor Fetler from Stock- Secretary of State at the Vatican. holm, where he is an exile.

Vithin the first three years, the so- Soon after the war broke out, the ciety circulated 300,000 copies, and by clerical party and the reactionary ele- I908 the number was not far short of ments in Russia began, through the a million books. The Gospels and Press, to attack the Baptists and the Acts in various editioris have been Evangelical Christians, asserting that regularly on sale in the Vatican, and they both were German sects, and were have also been distributed by bishops being financially supported by the and priests in different parts of Italy. Kaiser himself. Thereupon, without The society has been very inactive any definite proofs being produced, during the last few years, but to-day Pastor Fetler was arrested and brought there are signs of renewed activity, to prison, in order from thence to be backed by Pope Benedict XV. who is transported with criminals to Siberia.

now able from his powerful position He succeeded, however, in having this to foster the undertaking which he sentence reduced to exile from Russia belped to found. during the entire war.

Difficulties of Moravian Miuions Since his departure, cleven more preachers have been banished, ten of MORAVIAN missionaries in various them to Siberia, and six churches closed. countries are finding the diffi- -The Christian.

culties of their work greatly increased Gospels for Russian Soldiers by the effects of the war. Special M concern is en'tertained regarding the R. ADAM PODIN writes from Reval, Russia, to Evangelical Chrisworkers in East Central Africa, the latest letters received from them having tendom: "I have been doing a good been written before the war began. work, distributing several thousand Another touching feature of the case Gospels and New Testaments. In three is the decision of the Synod held in days only I gave away 3,000 Gospels.

the early summer of last year-that, On a Sunday the brave soldiers had notwithstanding the strain on the come several versts to get a copy of the funds. all thought of giving up this Gospel, as they had seen it in the pos- work, and especially the most modern session of their comrades and knew development of it among the Moham- where they had received theirs. My medans, was abandoned. The Synod house was surrounded for the whole had no knowledge of how the funds day, because each one desired to get one.

were to be obtained, but they felt that Two days later they were all sent away

with sealed orders to go to the front. it was in 1913. This is an average in- That was one of the busiest days, as they were all .sent off from "our railway crease of 2 per cent. for all bodies, station. I find that this is a most blest opportunity to serve the Lord. I thought great and small, Christian and non- to go to the Far East, and now I find that the men from the East have cqme Christian: ~. this time to me." Elaborate statistical tables prepared by Famine in Albania Dr. H. K. Carroll, and issued by the W ILLIAM WILLARD HOWARD, secretary of the Albanian Relief Federal Council of the Churches of Fund, calls attention to the significance of the news item that the villagers north Christ in America, show in detail the of the Shkumbi river have taken the corn of the rich beys and pashas. gains and los~es of the year: The grand It means that the village folk in total of members is now 38,708,149. All Central Albania, ·who were too far inland to be molested in the destruction cf the larger denominations share in the three hundred villages by Greek and· Servian troops during the past fourteen increase. months, are in the grip of famine. . South of the Shkumbi river, in Baptists gained 122,125; Eastern Southern Albania, where two hundred villages were destroyed and more than Orthodox churches, 36,500; the Roman two hundred thousand harmless and defenseless farm folk made homeless by Catholic Church, 136,850; the Luther- Greek troops last spring and summer, the people are dying by hundreds from ans, 56,248; the German Evangelical cold and starvation. No food is going into Albania from the outside world. Synod, representing the state church of The exportation of foodstuffs from Italy is forbidden. Greece has not anything Prussia, 29,315; the Methodists, 231,460; to export. Servia and Montenegro have drawn upon the meager corn crop of the Presbyterians, 56,019; the Protestant Northern Albania for food for their soldiers. Episcopal Church, 28,641. The Protes- It is not impossible that the melting of tant Episcopal Church has crossed the the snows will see a million human beings-more than half the popUlation million line, having gained 86,468 since of Albania-dead of starvation.-Thc Christian Wark. 1910, and over 300,000 since 1900. The AMERICA Roman Catholic has gained nearly a Religious Census for 1914 million and a quarter since 1910, and T HE religious bodies of the United more than five and a half millions since States have added enough members to make good all the losses by death, 1900. The Methodist Episcopal Church. or withdrawal, and leave a surplus of nearly three-quarters of a million. The the second largest denomination, gained total membership is 763,078 greater than 187,487 in 1914, and nearly 700,000 since 1900.

The thirty churches constituting the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, report nearly 17,Soo,- 000 members, somewhat less than half of the aggregate for all denominations, with 103,000 ministers and nearly 139,- 000 churches. These bodies have a net increase of over 500,000 members, or more than two-thirds of the entire in- crease of all bodies.

Some of the Larger Gifts I T is reported that the total gifts for educational and philanthropic pur- poses during 1914 reached the amazing sum of $315,000,000. Among some of the largest givers are Mr. James Camp- bell, of St. Louis, who bequeathed his whole fortune of $16,000,000 to the St. Louis University; W. H. Dunwoody, of :1inneapolis, who left $6,000,000 to edu-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS 3I

cation and charity; Mrs. Morris K. Jes- sions and Christian churches. The gen- sup, of New York, who left $8,450,000 eral purposes of the Conference will be for the same purposes; George H. Her- to unite Hebrew Christians more closely man, of Houston, Texas, who left $3,- in fellowship and service, and to in- 000,000 to public institutions in that city. terest a larger number of Christians in There were too many bequests and gifts work for the conversion of Israel. The of a million and less for enumeration. program includes a reception, the adop- tion of by-laws, and the election of of- Protestant Episcopal Progress ficers, a discussion of plans for coopera- tion, missionary methods, etc. Every T HE past year was a prosperouS" one morning will be devoted to prayer. for the Protestant Episcopal Church, according to figures published by the Presbyterian Self-Denial Living Church and taken from the forthcoming annual of that paper. In 'ill T HE efforts of the Presbyterian lines on which report was made advance Boards, Home and Foreign, to make was recorded over 1913, except in three up the $430,000 deficit of the last fiscal instances. In this report the following year by a self-denial week in Presbyitems are noted: Clergy, 5,808, a gain terian churches has been encouraging. of 93; baptisms, infant and adult, 56,- Up to March 3rd some 2,000 churches 147, a gain of 1,927; confirmations, had observed this week with sacrificial 55,771, a gain of 999; communicants, offerings, and have sent to the Foreign 1,032,637, a gain of 28,420; Sunday- Board alone $110,000 to apply to the school membership, 527,346, a gain of $292,000 deficit. The Home Board has 15,988; total contributions, $19,851,905, received about $40,000 to help payoff a gain of $362,596. Decreases were re- their shortage of $I40,000. During the ported in the number of lay readers, in month of March many other churches the total amount of apportionment for are expected to make their offerings. missions, and in the number of districts Literature and special envelops have that completed their apportionment. been sent to the churches making re- The editors of the Annual say: "On the quest for them, and the result has been whole, we have seldom completed our not only increased giving but increased annual survey of a year's statistics with knowledge and deepened spiritual life. reason for so optimistic a view as we are able to take from those now in hand. T Southern Laymen's Conference This means that the Church is doing HE Southern Presbyterian Church thorough and abiding work, and that continues to make history. The contho results are not such as to be meteoric, yet they indicate a slow and ventions held at Charlotte, N. c., Februreal advance." ary I6th-18th, and at Dallas, Texas, Feb- Hebrew Christian Conference ruary 23rd-25th, have surpassed in their attendance any denominational conven- O NE year ago a Hebrew Christian Al- tions yet held. The Charlotte Conven- liance of America was formed in tion alone, with over 3,000 registered New York, with Rev. S. B. Rohold as delegates, was nearly twice as large as president and Rev. A. R. Kuldell as cor- either of the preceding conventions. The responding secretary. This Alliance has attendance of registered delegates at Dalcalled a conference of Hebrew Chris- las was 1,000, bringing the total to more tians to meet in the Assembly Hall of the than 4,000. United Charities Building, New York, April 6th to 9th. Two of these days will Enthusiasm ran high, and the perbe devoted to preaching in Jewish mis- manent support of several missionaries was secured, and a good share of the

budget of the Laymen's Movement for account of the war: That the only com- the next two years was underwritten. plaint coming from the mission field had been the failure of the Board to send Ollt A careful survey of the financial re- the new missionaries, and to return the sponse of the churches was presented to furloughed missionaries; that so far as the conventions. Throughout the entire can be judged from the letters received, communion 35 per cent. of the churches the missionaries and the native Chris- and 54 per cent. of the membership give tians look upon the war not merely as a nothing for foreign missions. In other great emergency, but a great opportunity words, 1,197 Southern Presbyterian for setting forth as never before the churches declared no dividends for the "truth as it is in Jesus." great cause last year. There is certainly need for larger inteIligence, deeper sym- LATIN AMERICA pathy with Christ in his world-program, and more vital consecration of life and Conditions in Chile possessions.-Men and Missions. THE Rev. Robert B. Elmore, of the I Rohert Speer to Vi.it the East Presbyterian Mission in Valparaiso, T is an established policy of the Presbyterian Board to have one of the writes: "As the result of the war, Chile secretaries visit some part of the mission suddenly finds herself without revenue field each year. It has been fourteen to meet all the running expenses of the years since the last secretarial visit to country, and, what is more, thousands Siam and the Philippines, and it is of people are without work because all planned that these fields shall this year the commerce and manufacturing is at have the inspiration of a visit from a standstill. Food supplies of alI kinds, Secretary Robert E. Speer. Dr. Bovainl, except vegetables grown in the counthe medical adviser of the Board, and try, have nearly doubled in price, and Mr. Dwight Day, its treasurer, will also the value of the paper money grows be of the party, which will sail fro;1] less day by day. If the war lasts three London May 1st for Penang, visiting months more there will be but one re- North and South Siam missions in June sult, the financial ruin of the country. and July and the Philippines in August, and then to go to Korea, north China "Of course our mission finds itself and Japan for conference regarding in a very critical situation. The naspecial problems in those fields. Mr. tive churches can pay a very small part Speer and Dr. Bovaird will return to of what they have promised, and the America in November. Dr. T. H. P. only way to prevent a deficit that wi!" Sailer, honorary educational secretary swamp us is to make a cut on the of the Board expects to join the party in salaries of the native pastors, and then the Philippines. cut our own salaries to make up the amount, so that the pastors and work- ers can live and go on with their work."

A The War a Great Opportunity The People of Mexico FTER five months of the great Euro- pean war, the Board of Foreign I N these days of interest in Mexico, it Missions of the Presbyterian Church may be of value to recall some simple was able to report: That not one of its facts about the country and its people. missionaries, so far as known, had suf- The official name of Mexico is "Estados fered any bodily harm; that no con- Unidos Mexicanos" and "Republica siderable amount of property had been Mexicana." It has an area of 767,290 destroyed; that not one of the 1,226 square miles. It is just about the commissionaries had asked to come home on bined size of Texas, California, New Mexico, Arizona and Nevada. It has

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15,003,207 population, less than one-fifth cannibals of Malekula for 20 years, hav- of which is white, 38 per cent. being ing been the first white man to approach Indian, and 43 per cent. mixed bloods, them. They are a dangerous people, or mestizos. There are no race dis- On one occasion when passing through tinctions under the Constitution of 1843. the forest up a mountain side, Mr. Paton, on scaling a giant ledge, suddenly felt The mixed bloods of Mexico comprise the cold muzzle of a rifle against his what may be called castes, such as the cheek. Pulling up short he noticed guns mestizos, or Indian and white; mulattoes, in all directions, pointing at him from or negro and white; zambos, or negro out of the bush: "I spoke quietly to the and Indian; the latter regarded ,is owners of the rifles, and as they saw that specially dangerous and unreliable. The I was unarmed, they recognized that I pure whites are few and all of Spani3h was on an errand of peace. If I had blood, and are known as chapetones or been armed I s'hould have been shot. 'I Gachupines. The native Aztecs of the have come to tell you about God,' I said, Mexican plateau may still be seen, and 'We know about God,' they replied. have no trace of European blood. They Then I told them how they had missed are muscular and sturdy, and yellow- their way to God and how Jesus had brown in complexion. come down from heaven to show them the way back. Their interest deepened Readjustment in Mexico as they heard of the atonement. 'That is a true word,' said the chief. 'That is I N accordance with the division of ter- good.' They believed that no wrong ritory agreed upon by the confer- could be atoned for without the shedding ence of societies at work in Mexico, of blood, either of man or of animal. which was held in Cincinnati last June, One man explained that he was just the Congregational missionaries have going off to kill a few men, but (with made some important changes in their utmost composure) his businesS' could work in Mexico. The Colegia Inter- wait, as he could kill men at any time, nacional, a training-school for boys, ha,<;' but could not often hear about Jesus." been brought from Guadalajara to Chihuahua, and a school for girls similar to MISCELLANEOUS Corona Institute, formerly in Guadalajara has been opened in Hermosillo. Who Should Be Missionaries Dr. John Howland writes of the territory in which the Congregational mis- A CHRISTIAN who is not a missionsions are now located: ary denies his faith. It has been said that God had only one Son, and He "Nearly all of our field is open for gave Him to be a missionary. And that Gospel work. There are large sections Son is the life of the Christian. Thereof the country with no Catholic priest, fore the missionary life, which is the and now that Congregationalists have Christ life, is the only full, true Chrisaccepted the responsibility of evan- tian life. William A. Brown said at gelizing this part of the country much the International Sunday-school Conmore must be done and done soon or vention last June : "A favorite undercutmany of the opportunities will be lost."- ting of the missionary enterprise is seen C ongre gatiortalist. in the phrase 'You can not all be mis- sionaries.' That suggestion does not THE ISLANDS tome from the heart of God, for every Christian must be a missionary. Now THE Work Among Cannibals every Christian can not go as a foreign Rev. Fred J. Paton, son of Dr. missionary, which is a very different John G. Paton, whose autobiography has been the delight and wonder of tens of thousands, has labored among the

matter, and should depend altogether on "It is the universal experience that the gracious call of God…. What scrip- the person who begins to tithe grows in tural warrant have we for expecting vision and in grace."-Bishop E. H. greater sacrifice on the part of the Chris- Hughes. tian who goes as a foreign missionary than ori the part of the Christian who "There is probably no other single stays at home?" The missionary is the test whether the love of money or the "sent" one; and every Christian is sent love of God is stronger in a man's life to others. Shall we be missionaries, sent than the test of his willingness to give by God to bear the good news of Christ, habitua!1y to God at least a tithe of all or shall we deny Him?-Swlday-SchooL his income."-J. Campbell White. Times. "There was no need for Christ to urge Missionary Facts the adoption of the tithe and the Sabbath upon the Jews for the same reason that AT every breath we draw, four souls it would be unnecessary to urge class- perish never having heard of Christ. meeting Methodists to avoid the habit of In the islands of the Vest Indies are strong drink.-W. H. Raney. nearly 5,000,000 unreached by the Gospel. OBITUARY NOTES The Christian population of India George Washburn of Constantinople could be represented by the letters in the book of Isaiah. DR. GEORGE WASHBURN, who died not long ago in the eighty- The population of Japan is about 40,000,000, and the average parish of second year of his age, was for thirtyeach missionary is about roo,ooo. three years the President of Robert College. He succeeded Dr. Cyrus The children of India walking fom Hamlin, its founder, who was also his abreast and two feet apart would make father-in-law, and held the office until a procession 5,000 miles long. his return to this country in 1903. Dr. Vashburn was not only a great edu- During 1898 there were spent in the cator, but also a great statesman. He United States $6,000,000 for chewing received various decorations from the gum, $10,000,000 for peanuts, and only Bulgarian Government, and was an $5,000,000 for missions. authority, recognized in England as well as in this country, upon all problems In 1859 you could buy a man in the connected with the ever-perplexing Fiji Islands for seven dollars, butcher Eastern question. him and eat him. To-day the Bible is in nearly every house, and on Sunday, Rev. E. C. B. Hallam of India nine-tenths of the people may be found assembled in the churches for worship. ANOTHER veteran missionary, who Vhat about the power and profit of Foreign Missions? has recently been called home, is Rev. Ebenezer C. B. Hallam, who died, Thoughts on Tithing in his eighty-third year, at the Aged Ministers' Home in Lakemont, N. Y. He THE Christian Stcu'ard gives the fol- gave forty-one years of service as a mis- lowing extracts culled from different sionary to the Free Baptist Church 111 India. He was well versed in the sources: Bengali, Hindi and Oriya languages, "You will never win the world for and his grammar in Oriya won for him an honorary degree from Bowdoin Col- Christ by your spare cash." lege. "The tithe is God's cure for covetousc ness." "We live by dying to ourselves; we die by living to ourselves."

MISSIONS /·ffl

AND – ! W ' . . . . ……………….. ~. ~.i./ MISSION LANDS The Layman Revato; A Story of a Rest- discusses the meaning of missions to less Mind in Buddhist India at the Time God, to Jesus, to the individual Chris- of the Greek Influence. By Edward P. tian, to the Church, to the world. We Buffet. Pp. vi., 105. Jersey City: Edward think that he has resisted almost too suc- P. Buffet. 1914. cessfully the temptation to draw illus- -That was done decades ago by Becker trations from the fascinating fields of comparative religion and modern misfor Roman and Greek life through his sions, and has confined himself too exclu- "Gallus" and "Charicles," and by Ebers sively to the treatment of the Bible in for ancient Egypt, is here attempted for relation to the missionary idea and ideal. the Buddhism of the third century before Christ in the heyday of its glory under After dealing with the scriptural ideas King Asoka, the Buddhist Constantine. of the missionary plan, the missionary power, and the missionary work, the The scene is laid in its Holy Land, writer devotes his final chapter to "The whither Asoka (or Osoko, the Paliform) Missionary Consummation," expressing has brought from the West an architect his belief in the progressive character and a sculptor to aid in adorning Bud- of the Kingdom, the inclusion of the dhist shrines and public buildings. In Jews in God's salvation, the final triumph prosecuting their tasks, they have inter- of Jesus Christ over all His enemies. preted in stone and wood the puritanic conceptions of Buddhism, tho with a for- Some may take exception to cereign, idolatrous apotheosis. This is a tain interpretations and applications of parable of the interplay of East and Scripture. At the same time the work is West, of Buddhism and Hellenism, which characterized by perfect sanity, and some is the motif of the volume. of the original translations are full of helpful suggestion. The book will serve The author is anxious' to win the its purpose well in the hands of a c1assthoughtful Christian to his cause, but leader, who is able to vitalize the meswe doubt whether a virile believer sage by relating it closely to "the preseut could be attracted by such husks, despite world-situation." their philosophical coating. The Modernizing of the Orient. By Missions in the Plan of the Ages. Wil- Clayton Sedgwick Cooper. Illustrated. liam Owen Carver, M.A., Th.D. Third 8vo. 352 pp. $2.00, net. McBride, Nast Edition. 12mo. 289 pp. $1.25, net. & Co., New York, 1914. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1914. A traveler will sometimes observe Dr. Carver, Professor of Comparative things that an old resident overlooks. Religion and Missions in the Southern This is especially true of contrasts be- Baptist Theological School of Louisville, tween oriental and occidental ideas and Kentucky, has written in the conviction methods. that "the most important study of missions is the study of the Bible," and "the Mr. Cooper, who is already favorably work proceeds upon the assumption known as the author of "The Man of of the Divine origin and validity of the Egypt," has made good use of his oppor- Scriptures in detail as well as in general." tunities in the Orient. His graphic de- These two sentences indicate the temper scription of the results of the contact of and the scope of the book. The writer

the East with the West includes the in- tribes. "We have heard great news tofluence of Western governments, educa- day," said the Indian chief. "We thought tionalists, merchantS', and missionaries. we just gave our hearts to Jesus, cur off The Orient is being modernized not only our bad roads, and walked as straight as in the physical development of Africa we could, up, up, up to the Beautiful and Asia, but also in the educational pro- Home. We never knew before that we gram and in religious ideals. Mr. Cooper could give money to Jesus. Isn't it kind brings us in touch with the Hillmen of of Jesus to let the poor Indians give to North Africa, the Copts and Arabs of send His Gospel to somebody else?" Egypt, the people of India and Burma, Scotch grit and Irish wit are evident in the Chinese, Filipinos, and Japanese. Miss Crawford's narrative Between the His report of what he saw and learned lines one may see its pathos. in his recent tour around the world is an especially valuable contribution to the A Sunday-school Tour of the Orient. By mission studies this year-"Social As- Frank L. Brown. Illustrated. 8vo. 374 pects of Foreign Missions." Some of his pp. Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, most interesting chapters are on student 1914. life and the evidences of educational progress in North Africa, India, China, Reverend William A. Sunday has said and Japan are espcLiaIly impressive. in his graphic way, "If we can save the There is reason to believe that the Chris- children of one generation we will put tianity of the East will be oriental not the devil out of business." It is for this occidental in character-in other words, purpose that the Sunday-school workers its external for.n will be adapted to the of the world have been seeking the childpeoples and countries that adopt it. We ren and young people of mission lands. can not, however, believe, with a mis- They are cooperating with the various sionary whose words are quoted by Mr. mission workers in different countries, Cooper with approval, that the Chris- and already have secretaries in India, tianity of these Eastern lands will be China, Egypt, and Japan, who devote all built on their own religions, as apostolic their time to Sunday-school work. The Christianity was bt.:ilt on the Old Testa- opportunities and problems have so inment. The Old and New Testaments creased that three visits of experts have are inseparable. been made to the Orient to confer with the leaders and help them to establish Kiowa. Story of a Blanket Indian Mis- Sunday-schools on a satisfa4:tory basis. sion. By Isabel Crawford. Illustrated. In 1913 Mr. Frank L. Brown, the secre- 12mo. 242 pp. $1.25, net. Fleming H. tary of the Vorld Sunday-school Asso- Revell Company, 1915. ciation, made his third tour of the Orient, with a party of specialists. They went Miss Crawford went alone as a to Hawaii, Japan, the Philippine Islands, pioneer missionary to the Bl<)nket In- China, and across Asia and Europe to dians in 1896. She lived among them, in the Zurich Convention. Mr. Brown tells perils oft, in poverty extreme, amid dis- the story of this interesting and imporcomfort and squalor, for more than ten tant tour in a way that will be of special years. Perhaps the highest point of interest to those engaged in Sundayheroism in the ministry of this true- school work. Letters of introduction, hearted missionary was, however, her given by the Hon. William Jennings unusual insistence that her primitive Bryan and others, to merchants and parishioners should not only build their statesmen in the lands visited opened own "Jesus-house," but that at the same wide the doors everywhere. As one retime they should give generously and sult, the next Vorld Sunday-school Conconstantly, to send the Gospel to other vention will be held in Tokyo in 1916.

I9 T5] BOOKS ON MISSIONS AND MISSION

Jesus the Missionary. By Rev. Hugh W. A Great Missionary Pioneer. The Story White. 12mo. 140 pp. Presbyterian of Samuel Marsden's Work in New Zea- Mission Press, Shanghai, 1914. land. By Mrs. E. M. Dunlop. 16mo, 89 It is strange but true that there are pp. Is., net. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, London, 1914. some who claim to be Christians who disclaim any interest in world-wide mis- Last Christmas Day was the one hunsions. They apparently forget that He dredth anniversary of the entrance of from whom they receive their title was Christianity into New Zealand. The a missionary to the whole world, and story of Samnel Marsden and his work that His commission to everyone who for the Maoris is fascinating, and should claims to be a disciple is to evangelize be familiar to everyone interested in the the whole world. advancement of Christianity. In much less than one hundred years New Zea- Mr. White, who has been for twenty land became a Christian land, so that years a missionary to China, has given to-day, altho there are many aborigines liS a stimulating and instrl1c~ive study in the islands, few are now· tll1evanof the ideals and iJrinciples and com- gelized. mands of Christ concerning missionary work. The motives and purposes of his Sight to the Blind. By Lucy Furman. Ilworld-wide campaign are clearly set lustrated. 12mo. 92 pp. $1.00, net. The forth. The actual work he accomplished Macmillan Company, New York, 1914. in the Holy Land is used as an example of missionary methods, and the place of This is a story to illustrate the social the Atonement in the missionary mes- settlement idea. As Miss Ida Tarbell sage and the power of intercession in says in her introduction, "The settlemissionary work is dearly revealed. ment, in part at least, is the outgrowth These studic~ will be of particular value of a desire to find a place in which certo missionaries and student volunteers tain new notions of enlightening men who seek to conform their ideals and and women can be freely tested and apmethods to the standards set by the plied." Miss Furman tells the story of Master. how sight was brought to the mentally and spiritually blind through the settle- The Growth of the Christian Church. ment school in the South. It is a piece By Robert Hastings Nichols. 2 volumes. of fiction which can be duplicated many Volume T, Ancient and Medieval Chris- times in actual life. Individuals and tianity. Volume II, Modern Christianity. communiti.es have been transformed 12mo. 163-224 pp. $2.00, net. Presby- physically, mentally, morally, and relig- terian Board of Publication, Philadel- iously by the self-sacrificing labor of phia, 1914. such workers as Miss Shippen and Miss Loring. The story of the past is stimulating to faith and hope. For this reason the NEW BOOKS Committee of Religious Education of the Presbyterian General Assembly request- Modern Religious Movements in India. ed the preparation of these volumes of By J. N. Farquhar, M.A. IIlustrated. church history as text-books for study 8vo. xiv-47r pp. $2.50, net. Macmillan classes. The two volumes present in a Company, New York, 1915. compact form the history of Christianity from its early days of preparation to the Missionary Triumphs Among the Setpresent time. The Roman Catholic mis- tlers in Australia and the Savages of sions of the Middle Ages are briefly de- the South Seas. A Twofold Centenary scribed and the modern missionary Volume. By John Blacket. Illustrated. movements of the Protestant church are 8vo. 285 pp. 58., net. Charles H. Kelly, given, but without special emphasis, in London, 1915. their appropriate place. A Century in the Pacific. Edited by James Colwell, F.R.Hist.S. Introduction by W. H. Fitchett, B.A., LL.D. 8vo. xi-7SI pp. 21s., net. Charles H. Kelly, London, 1915.

The Christian Equivalent of War. By Tourist Guide to Missionary Institu- D. Willard Lyon. 12mo. 154 pp. Asso- tions and Religious Services in En- ciation Press, New York, 1915. glish in the Chief Cities of Latin Australia's Greatest Need. By the Rev. America. 64 pp. Interdenominational J. W. S. Tomlin, M.A. With an Intro- Committee of the Religious Needs of ductory Note by the Archbishop of Bris- Anglo-American Communities Abroad, bane. Illustrated. 12mo. 346 pp. 25., 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, 1915. Report of the Special Committee of the net. S. P. G. House. 15 Tufton Street, Home Missions Council on the Relig- London, 1914. Christian Missions in Madagascar. By ious and Social Conditions in North Dakota, Colorado, Northern California, E. O. McMahon. With Preface by the Washington. With tables, diagrams, and explanatory statements based upon a Bishop of Madagascar. IIlustrated. 12mo. general survey conducted by the Inter- 179 pp. 25., net. S. P. G. House, London, national Survey Committee of the States 1914. named. (Home Missions and the West A Christian Hermit in Burma, and Other Series). Bulletin 2, 3, 4, 5. Pp. 22, 29, 31, 44. Home Missions of the Presbyterian Tales. Illustrated. 12mo. 85 pp. Is., Church, New York.

11Ct. S. P. G. House, London, 1914. Eighth Annual Meeting of the Home Missions Council. New York, January In Peace and War in Japan. A Tale. By 12, 13, and 14, 1915. 8vo. 180 pp.

the Rev. Herbert Moore, M.A. Illus- The Fundamentals. A Testimony to the trated.. 12mo. 152 pp. 2s., net. S. P. G. Truth. Volume XII. Compliments of House, London, 1915. Two Christian Laymen. 128 pp. Testi- In Camp and Tepee. By Mrs. Alfred R. . mony Publishing Co., Chicago, 1914. Page. Illustrated. 12mo. 245 pp. $1.00, The 1915 Handbook on Foreign Mis- net. Revell, 1915. sions of the United Presbyterian The Lure of Islam. A NoveL By C M. Church of N. A. 112 pp. This Hand- Prowse. Illustrated. 12mo. 255 pp. 6s., book is offered free of charge to the ex- tent of one copy for every seven of the net. Sampson Low, Marston & Co., Lon- membership of a congregation, providing don, 1914. pastors or missionary leaders will give Thirty Years in the' Manchu Capital: In assurance of effective and wise distribu- and Around Mukden. By Dugald Chris- tion. Additional copies may be secured at ten cents per individual copy, $1.00 per tie, CM.G. Edited by his Wife. $2.75. dozen copies, $5.00 per hundred copies, McBride, Nast & Co., New York, 1915. postpaid. Address C. R. Watson, 200 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Gleanings from Chinese Folk-Lore. By Summary of State Laws relating to the Dependent Classes, 1913. Department of Nellie N. Russell. Compiled by Mary H. Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Wm. Porter. 75 cents. Flemi!}g H. Revell Co., J Harris, Director. 346 pp. Govern- New York. ment Printing Office, Washington, 1914. Java, Sumatra, and Other Islands of the Dutch East· Indies (Modern W orId The Case for Foreign Missions. By Rev. Willard L. Sperry. (Envelop Series.) Series). By Bernard Miall. Translated October, 1914. 10 cents annually. by A. Cabaton. $1.50. Charles Scrib- American Board of Commissioners, Bos- ner's Sons, New York, 1915. ton, 1914. Coast and Hinterland in Africa. A Text- Every Man's Part in W orId Brother- book for Study Circles. By J. E. hood. By Gilbert A. Beaver. 28 pp. Swallow, 31 pp., 3d. net. United Metho- Single copies, 5 cents; 100 copies, $2.50.

dist Pub. House, London, .1914. Association Press, New' York, 1914. The Missionary Prospect. By C. H. Church Student Work. Conducted by Robinson, D.D. New and cheaper edi- the Christian Association. Illustrated. 79 pp. University of Penn., Philadelphia, tion. 283 pp. 2s. 6d., net. Partridge, 1914.

London, 1914. The Whip of God. By Richard Hayes Foreigners in Turkey. Their Juridical McCartney. 30 pp. Charles C. Cook, Status. By Philip Marshall Brown. New York, 150 Nassau St., 1914.

157 pp. $1.25, net.. University Press, Report of the Thirty-second Annual Lake Mohonk Conference on the In- Princeton, 1914. dian and Other Dependent Peoples. The Gospel of Futuna. By William Gunn. October 14, 15, and 16, 1914. Published Illustrated. 308 pp. 6s., net. Hodder, by the Conference, 1914.

London, 1914. War-Chronicle. War Journal, Soldiers' Muslim Conquests in North Africa. By Letters, Pictures of the War. August, September, October, 1914. M. Berg, Ber- Canon Sell, D.D. 82 pp. 5 ans. Chris- lin, 1914. tian Literature Society, Madras, India, 1914. PAMPHLETS In Difficult Places. By M. H. D. 57 pp. 4d.· net. S. P. G. House, London, 1915.

A Key to the Bible. By Wilbert W.

White. 32 pp. Bible Teachers' Training School, New York, 1915.

Patriots of the Kingdom. Introduction by Basil Mathews. 15 pp. 2d. United Council for Miss. Ed., London, 1914.

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1915

rOJ2

MISSNON~Y fI~[S I I ®!!I!I!I!llflll!lIUIII!"n!,!!,!!!gi r. In the period since William Carey went to India, the population of the entire world has increased 50 per cent., and the number of Christians ISO per cent. (See page 2.38.) 2. An American diplomat who is a Hebrew, a great American business cor- poration, and a Mohammedan religious organization recently cooperated to relieve the financial troubles of the Christian missionaries in Turkey. (See page I87.) 3. Marriage laws enacted in Cuba during the first American intervention and the influence of Protestant missionaries to replace concubinage by mar- riage have done much to purify the home life in Cuba. (See page I79.) 4. Korean churches have been competing for banners awarded to the ones doing the most preaching per capita, selling the most gospels, and gain- ing the most new members. (See page 235.) 5. The "Peyote worship," which is spreading among American Indians, in- cludes the use of a harmful drug which they call the "Holy Ghost." The results are degrading and disastrous. (See page 201.) 6. The school and church property of the Methodist mission in Queretaro, Mexico, was recently defended from the attacks of a mob by Mexican citizens, the majority of whom were Roman Catholics. (See page I95.) 7. The Chinese Secretary of State in Hangchow accepted Christ and was bap- tized during the Eddy meetings, and at once started Bible classes among his officials and household servants. (See page I70.) 8. The income of the foreign mission boards of the United States and Canada has increased from $7,800,000 in J<)04 to $I7,I60,000 in I9I4. Last year native Christians in mission fields contributed $4,243,000 to the work. (See page 225.) 9. Bibles have been placed in 160,000 American hotel rooms by the Gideons, an organization of Christian commercial travelers. (See page 225.) 10. A negro student in Tuskegee was the successful one among nine thousand competitors in a popular magazine essay contest on "Vhat 'Ve Have Learned About Rum." (See page 226.) I I. More than ten thousand British soldiers on Salisbury Plain have promised to carry a "!'ew Testament with them, and to read a chapter every day. (See page 227.) 12. The report is circulated in Tnrkey that the German nation has been con- verted to Islam, and that the Kaiser is a descendant of Mohammed and is to make the pilgrimage to Mecca. (See page 230.) I3. Poor Siamese lepers, at Chiengmai, have again this year made a generous contribution to the work of the American Bible Society. (See page 232 .) 14. A Chinese Commissioner of Education has asked for one thousand Chris- tian Chinese teachers for his province. (See page 233.)

OF THE OPEN MINDS IN CHINA-EVANGELISTIC MEETING IN

A part of audience in theater at Hangchow listening to Mr. Sherwood Eddy's evangelistic address, October, 1914. There wert: 2,500 inside and 2,000 more outside, waiting for a second meeting. The use of the theater was given free of charge MISSIONARY REVIEW ~",_~V OF THE WORLD Vol. XXXVIII, No. 3 MARCH, 1915 Vol. XXVIII, No. 3 Old S,ri,s New S.r;es 1111111 INCREA$ED INTEREST IN LATIN the . questions to be considered in T AMERICA connection with non-Christian coun- HE opening of the Panama Canal, tries were large enough to occupy the increasing trade with our the undivided attention of the Con- Sister Republics, and the Panama ference. It is possible that the Exposition are attracting the atten- omission of Catholic countries from tion of Christians all over the world discussion at Edinburgh has proved to the opportunities and problems in a blessing in disguise since now they Latin America. In February, 1916, are to receive special consideration.

it is proposed to hold a Latin-Amer- by a strong body of men and .women ican Missionary Conference at Pan- to study the peculiar problems in- ama, organIzed by a Committee volved in the work in some of these under the chairmanship of Dr. Robert lands.

E. Speer, of the Presbyterian Board In preparation for the coming re- of Foreign Missions. The Edin- presentative Conference at Panama.

burgh Conference, for reasons that a number of commissions have been seemed to be sufficient to the General appointed to make an investigation Committee, omitted frQm their pro- of Latin America (induding Mexico.

gram the work in Roman Catholic Central America, the West Indies, and Greek Catholic countries. This and South America), and to present was due in part to the desire to win reports on their findings as to the the cooperation of members of the fields occupied and unoccupied, and Anglican Church, and in part to the other phases of the work. These fact that many of the problems in commissions are designated as fol- these mission fields are unique and lows: (1) Survey and Occupation. p.. The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the .pirit of Christ in the of thIa REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positioll8 taken by coa· tributors of slfned articles in these pagn.–EDJrou.

(2) Message and Method. (3) Edu- plans for a redivision of the 'terri- cation. (4) Literature. (5) Wo- tory among the Protestant societies men's Work. (6) The Church in can not be put into effect until some the Field. (7) The Home Base. degree of peace and order have ,(8) Cooperation and Union. been restored. In spite of the dan- Practically all the Protestant so- gers and difficulties some of the cieties of North America have sig- missionaries have remained at their nified their approval and their readi- posts, and a few are planning to ness to cooperate in this Conference. return in the near future.

A special Executive Secretary has Practically all of the societies par- been secured in Mr. S. G. Inman, ticipating in the Mexico Missionary formerly of the, People's Institute at Conference in Cincinnati last June, Piedras ·Negras, Mexico. have reported in favor of some or Following the Conference in Pan- all of the proposed plans of action.* ama, it is proposed to send two The American Baptist Home Mis- deputations to visit the mission sta- sionary Society ,expresses their sym- tions in Latin America, and to hold pathy with the spirit and aim of the post-conferences III western and Conference and approves of the eastern South America and. in plan to establish a joint depository Havana and Mexico. The Inter- for Christian publications III the denominational Committee on Mis- City of Mexico, and for a consoli- sion Study is also planning to pre- dation of lhe present church papers.

pare mission study courses on the They question the advisability of Two Americas for 1916. Thus at- establishing a joint training-school tention will be focussed on the needs for Christian workers, but recog- and opportunities in these important nize the desirability of uniting in countries. It is expected that at other educational work. They agree least 300 delegates will meet to- to the general recommendati~ns for gether in Panama, representing all the division of territory, but do not the Protestant Mission Boards con- approve of the adoption of a com- ducting work in Latin America. mon name (the Evangelical Churches Possibly as large and pennanent re- of Mexico) for all Protestant Mexi- sults will come from their deliber- can churches.

ations as have followed the Edin- The Domestic and Foreign Mis- burgh Conference. Christians in sionary Society of the Protestant every land are asked. to remember Episcopal Church expresses its sat- this proposed conference and its isfaction in the spirit of cooperation various committees in prayer. proposed, but can not act on the ques- tion of division of territory since THE PROGRAM FOR MEXICO this is determined by the General Convention and the work is com- T HE hoped-for solution of Mex- mitted to the bishops elected for the field. For similar reastM'ls they find ico's internal troubles has not it difficult to cooperate in the plans for union educational institutions. yet been discovered, or at least the I remedy has not taken visible effect.

Missionary work by foreign agents is practically at a standstill and the 'See REVIEW for September, page 641.

OF THE

Bishop Aves has exprest his interest of German-Austrian defeat, or the in the proposals of the Conference request of Turkey for peace, France and has promised to take up the may ask to work out her ambition in matter with missionaries of other Syria, and an international comchurches in Mexico. mission may take control of the HOly City and the Holy Land. Meanwhile, There is every reason to believe the balances of war are possibly that with the establishment of peace ,waiting the hour when the Jewish in this distracted country and the purse will decisively turn the scales. return of the missionaries there will Palestine and the Jewish purse are be a great advance in many direc- now inseparable, and the price of tions. Native pastors and other peace for the Turk may be the long- Christian workers have, so far as looked-for restitution of political possible, kept up the work in the freedom to the Jew in the land that absence of the missionaries, and if God gave to his fathers. a just and strong government is established the hindrances to evan- If such an event takes place, what gelical work, which have prevented will be the result for Christian misgreat progress in the past, will sions? Will the door be closed ?By largely be removed. no means. Liberty must first be guaranteed to Jew, Moslem, ,and TTHE OUTLOOK IN PALESTINE Christian on equal terms. When the HE recent attack on the Suez Jews recover the Holy Land then Canal has directed particular at- look for other fulfilments of prophtention to Palestine and the vexed ecy. political problem there. That the attack has actually been made has sur- Whatever the immediate issue, Moprized missionaries and others who hammedan intolerance and Turkish have recently been in Egypt and Palestine. It is another proof that exclusiveness can never again hold T u r key is stumbling to a fall. unhindered sway in Palestine. Nei- Nothing but an Egyptian insurrec- ther Jew nor Christian will consent tion, of which there is no sign, or a to this. When Turkey took Italy's miracle of war, can give success to place in the Triple Alliance that such an invasion by the Turks. Their question was settled. The giUled bait little army may easily be enveloped caught the Moslem fish, with the in the desert they are seeking to usual result to the fish, and the ancross, and their retreat may be cut off gler may not be able to retain undisby a comparatively small force of puted possession. British or French landed in Palestine. A British conquest of Palestine is far There was a remarkable awakenmore probable than a Turkish vic- ing in the Moslem mind in Palestine tory at the Canal. just before the war, but that Opell- mindedness suddenly turned to a British diplomats deny that they flame of passionate hatred against have any territorial designs on Pales- everything foreign. There will, no tine, but events may· precipitate an doubt, be a reaction when peace reunexpected program. In the event turns. That will be the day of op- portunity for Christian mlSSlOns. There will be then no time for prep-

aration; the Church must be ready then the work has grown, a new for immediate action. If advantage building has been purchased in can be taken of the opportunity that Cairo, and the publication and dis- will undoubtedly be presented after tribution of Khutbas (sermonic . the war, days will show greater prog- tracts) and other volumes has in- ress than months in the lagging past. creased to over fifty thousand copies, Why may not Palestine yet become a and these have gone into nearly new center, as in the days of the forty different countries where Mos- Apostles, for the evangelism of Tur- lems reside. key and Russia, Western Asia, Arabia, and Africa? Some thirty thousand dollars was contributed from America for the AMERICAN WORK FOR MOSLEMS new premises and about three thou- A sand dollars a year is sent by the LITTLE over twenty-five years New York committee for publica- ago two young men, Samuel M. tion work. Friends have increased Zwemer and James Cantine, with in number and have recently organrare courage, dedicated their lives ized an "American Christian Literto the work of preaching the Gospel ature Society for Moslems." in order . to Moslems. They selected Arabia that they may increase their activias the most neglected and difficult of ties and range of service. The . all the Mohammedan lands and set Directors include. Dr. Robert E. out to plant a Christian lighthouse on the East coast of that Peninsula. Speer. of the Presbyterian Board, American missionaries had gone to Dr. James L. Barton. of the Amer- Moslem lands before and were at ican Board, Dr. Frank Mason North, work in Egypt and Turkey, in Persia of the Methodist Board. and Dr. and India, but since these young men Charles R. Watson, of the United became champions of the cause, in- Presbyterian Board. The Treasurer terest in this difficult work has is Mrs. E. E. Olcott. of New York, and the Secretary is Mrs. James M. steadily increased. The campaign is better organized and the conversion Montgomery. * of Mohammedans seems less hopeless. , The new Society was successfully Ten years ago the Nile M~ssion launched at a parlor meeting in New Press was started for the purpose York City on January 29th, at the of printing and distributing Chris- . home of Mr. and Mrs. Olcott, and tian .Literature to Moslems. The the membership includes over one hun- Executive Committee is in Great dred friends of missions to Moslems, Britain, while the Press is located in from many evangelical denominations. Cairo. About four years ago Dr. The. Constitution states that the ob- Zwemer was called from Arabia to ject of the Society is to assist the Nile devote a portion of his time to the Mission Press and similar agencies in preparation of this literature and the preparation, publication, and disto assist in the direction of the Press. tribution of Christian literature to At the same time aNew York com- Moslems.

mittee was formed as an auxiliary *Writ~ to Box 888, N~w York City, for further to the London committee. Since information. .

GROWTH OF AMERICAN FOREIGIII Missions is indicated in the valuable MISSIONS statistics prepared by the Home Base Committee of which Dr. F. P. Hag- TWO outstanding addresses at the gard is chairman. These figures show Foreign Missions Conference of a large increase. in missionary gifts in North America, which met at Gar- North America since 1901, when the den City, January 13th-14th, were Dr. John R. Mott's masterly report statistics then ;lvailable reported $6,- of his recent visit to Great Britain, France, and Germany, and Mr. Sher- 228,000 (home income). Last year, wood Eddy's remarkable story of the according to Dr. Haggard, $17,168,- recent evangelistic campaign in China. 000 was given for the same purpose (This latter is printed on another -an increase of nearly 300 per cent. page.) Another unique feature of This is one million dollars larger the Conference was the announce- than the amount reported last year, ment of a conditional gift of $50,000 and ten million dollars in advance of a year for five years from the Rocke- that given ten years ago. A very feller Foundation for the inter- noticeable increase in the last ten denominational work of the Ameri- years. has been the amount given by can Foreign Missions and of the native Christians-an advance from Continuation Committee of the Edin- $1,000,000 to $4,236,009. Surely the burgh Conference. This is some- native churches are developing in seIfthing new in large gifts and is only support. conditioned on the raising of an additional $20,000 to complete the bud- The whole number of Protestant J{et. The Rockefeller gift has en- mISSIonaries supported by North abled the interdenominational com- American churches is nearly 10,000; mittees and organizations to estab- in 1904 there were only 5,489. The lish headquarters at 25 Madison native Christian workers have also Avenue, New York, to house the doubled in number during the same Student Volunteer Movement, the decade, and now 50,000 are employed various interdenominational commit- in these missions. The total memtees, and the growing missionary li- bership of churches connected with brary. The budget of the Student American missions is 1,439,000, an Volunteer Movement is not included increase of nearly 200 per cent. since in the' $70,000 toward which the 1904; 159,000 converts were added Rockefeller Foundation has made its last year, three times the number addlarge gift. After five years the ed in 1904. Foundation fund is to be decreased at the rate of $5,000 a year. The AMERICAN HOME MISSIONS Committee of Reference and Council of the Foreign Missions Confer- T HE Home Missions Council, ence has asked for authority to become incorporated, in order that they which held its annual meeting in . may care for these funds satisfac- New York, January 12th to 14th, torily. reported important progress in the s?lution of interdenominational prob- The growth of American Foreign lems. The churches and societies represented in this Council contrib- ute $12.450,210 a year to home mis- sion work. This includes for:

Church Sustentation ……….. $2,157,527 larger sacrifice in substance and life. General Evangelism ………..• 1,638,048 Cooperation is to be given by the American Indians ………….• 944,315 Work for Immigrants …•….• 424,334 Boards represented in' the Council in Work for MOl;lntaineers ……• 319,271 the coming United Campaign of the Work for Negroes .•……….. 702,832 Laymen, and in the use of United Work for Orientals in U. S. A." 129,399 Mission Study text-books. Next Work for Other Dependent year the course is to take up "The 120,553 Church and the Nations" (the Native Peoples ……………….. . 135,043 Church). Work for Alaska …………. . 181,496 Work for Cuba ………….. . 62,318 Some of the greatest strides in Work for Hawaii ………… .

Work for Mexico ………… . 104,598 Home Mission work during recent Work for Philippines …….. . 83,457 Work for Porto.Rico …….. .. 203,239 years have beep in relation to the Work for Sunday-schools …. . 81,525 Education ……………….. . 959,001 immigrant problems. The services Publication ………………. . 450,499 of the Rev. J. H. Berry have recently been secured to study how best to Administration …………… . 690,893 reach these incoming millions at the Specials and Miscellaneous ….. . 858,223 various ports of entry. Plans are $12,450,210 being formulated to give various denominations special responsibility The largest amount is this, ex- for definite concentrated groups of pended on the support of mission foreigners in America. churches, and· the next largest on "S evangelism. The Presbyterian Board WHAT SHALL B~ DONE?

of Home Missions represents the HALL we aU become Chris- largest budget with $1,490,338, and tians?" asked caste leaders in '

the Methodist Board is second with a council in an Indian community $959,697 (not including the appor-. which includes 2IO villages and over tionments through annual confer- 3,000 souls. These people of the ences. The increase in the reported United Provinces voted to hold a big total incomes fol' the year is nearly council meeting to discuss the sub- two million dollars. ject. Rev. J. T. Robertson, of the The Council strongly advocated a Methodist Board of Foreign Mis- unified program of Home Missionary sions, asks that this incident be pre- Education, to include (I) The church sented . to the praying people of service and pastor; (2) the prayer America. "If these people decide to meeting; (3) the Sunday-school; become Christians, as we believe that (4) the women; (5) the young they will-then they must all be taken people; (6) .Mission Study classes; at once while they are willing, (7) books; (8) periodicals; (9) en- or the opportunity wi11 be lost. Then listment of,~ volunteers, and (IO) the problem will be to care for them.

every – member canvass. This pro- Last year the Methodists reported gram should .have before· it the ob- 1,158 baptisms in Bulandshahr, and jective to produce conviction as to this year the converts in the same the need of more efficiency in the district numbered 3,032. Such suc- local parishes and the nation, to cess is an' embarrassment, but it is a deepen the prayer Iiie, and caU iprth sign of the times in India."

EVENTS

March loth to 14th-ParEament of Churches in Toronto, Canada. I 3th-The 100th anniversary of the Birth of James C. Hepburn, 1815. 14th-60th anniversary of United Brethren Foreign Missions. 17th to 19th-Ohio l'1cthodist Men's Convention, Columbus, Ohio. 29th-The 75th anniversary of the Birth of Isabella Thoburn, 1840.

April 1st-The lOoth anniversary of the Birth of Villiam C. Burns, ISIS.

May 12th to 17th-Southern Baptist Convention, Houston, Texas. 19th to 26th-Northern Baptist Convention, Los Angeles, Cal. 19th-Presbyterian United Movement Conference, Rochester, K. Y. 20th-The 225th anniversary of the Death of John Eliot, 1690. 29th–The lo)£h anniversary of the Basel Missionary Society, ISIS.

June 4th-The 50th anniversary of the Birth of George L. Pilkington, 1865. 4th to 14th-Y. W. C. A. Studcnt Conference. Blue Ridge, N. C. 18th to 28th-Y. VV. C. A. Student Conference, Silver Bay, N. Y. 23rd to 27th-International Missionary Union, Clifton Springs, N. Y. 23rd to July 2nd-Y. W. C. A. Student Conferencc, Eagles Mere, Pa. 25th-Jubilee of the China Inland Mission, founded 1865. 25th to July 4th-Missionary Education M ovt. Conf., Blue Ridge. :f. C. 30th-The 600th anniversary of the Martyrdom of Raymond Lull, 1315.

July 2nd to IIth-Missionary Education Movnnent Conf., Asilomar, Cal. 6th-Five hundredth Anniversary of the Martyrdom of John Hus. 7th to 12th-Fifth vVorld Christian Endeavor Convention, Chicago, Ill. 9th-The 75th anniversary of the Martyrdom of nine Malagasy Chris- tians, IS40. 9th to 18th-Missionary Education }v[ovement Conf., Silver Bay, N. Y. 16th to 25th-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Estcs Park, Colo. 20th to 3oth-Y. [17. C. A. City Conference, Silver BGY, N. Y. 21st to 31st-Y. W. C. A. City Conference, Blue Ridge, N. C. 22nd to 30th-l1[issiol1ary Education it[ovement Conf., Ocean Park, Me. 23rd-The looth anniversary of the Baptism of Africaner, ISIS.

August 1st to 3rd-V/orld's Bible Congress, San Francisco, Cal.

6th to 15th-Missiollary Education Movement Confel'ence, Lake Geneva. 6th to 16th-Y. W. C. A. Student Conference, Asilomar, Cal. loth to 15th-International Convention of Young People's Alliance of the Evangelical Association, Lomira, 'Visconsin. 13th to 23rd-Y. W. C. A. City Conference, Lake Geneva. 13th to 23rd-Y. W. C. A. City Conference, Estes Park, Colo.

S a.me of the 4,000 students leavi ng the pavilion erected fo r the meetings conducted by Mr. Sherwood Eddy, with the permission o f the Government

to the Sacred Alta r, where the Emperor formerl y worshipped. For the fi rs t time in histor y Ch ristia n mee tings we re conducted within th e precincts of the Forbidden City The Four thousand Chinese stud ents listening to the Gospel at Mr. Eddy's opening meeting in the specially erected pavilion in Peking CHRISTIA N EVANGELISTIC MEETINGS INSIDE THE FORBIDDEN CITY, PEKING, CHINA, sEPrEMBER, 1914

NEW OPEN DOORS IN

Educated Chinese outside the theater ill Hangchow, waiting for an opportunity to hear the Gospel at the Eddy Evangelistic Meetings The Wide-Open Door In China BY MR. GEORGE SHERWOOD EDDY* Secretary,for Asia.,-Foreign Department of the International Y. M. C. A.

~~~?lS~T would be wrong to Christian forces in every city and ~ suppose that the won- province where meetings were con- 'derful responsiveness ducted. Nor do I wish to give the of 'the students of impression that the' work was easy, China in the Evan- or that the victory has been won, for gelistic campaign this it bristles with unsolved problems and difficulties. year was accidental or wholly spontaneous. It followed the most care- During 'the last few months' in ful preparation and organization on China we visited thirteen cities. Bethe part of the Christian leaders in ginning at Tientsin, we went thence China, who combined' prayer' and to Peking, then to Paoeting-fu, then pains,fiith and works, with de- to the city of Chang-sha, in Hunan pendence on God and the best human Province; thence to Wu-chang, Sooorganization. Then, again, we must chow, and Hangchow, down the coast not think of it as the work of any to Foochow, Amoy, Hong Kong, and one man or group of men, nor of any Canton-thirteen provincial capitals organization or grottp of orgillliza- and metropolitan cities. tions. It represented the united Without stopping, to tell of the ~From an address at Garden City, L, r., January 14, 1915; wltb',extracts fr~m tetters.

work in all these cities, I will take' were enrolled in Bible classes in only four that are typical. The re- twelve churches in different parts of sults may not be as great in some of the city.* these four as in other places, but they It is a great problem how to lead stand as illustrations of four different the educated Chinese, composed of of- types. ficials, modern Government students, We began work in Peking in Sep- and commercial men, into the' church- tember,. where I had a most enjoy- es, which are generally made up of able half-hour with President Yuan the lower classes. But t wei v e Shih Kai. He is China's strong man churches are in line in their efforts to-day, and exprest an interest in to reach those literati, and to main- the meetings. He does not profess tain Bible classes for them.

to be either a Christian or a Con- More than two thousand inquirers fucianist; he is a practical man of in Peking exprest their desire to affairs. China has not thus far made study the Bible in groups. Last year, Confucianism the state religion, and with far less preparation, five hun- while the President, the Governors, dred non-Christians were in Bible and certain officials worship Heaven classes and more than ISO of these or Confucius, it is never obligatory. were later received' by the churches.

The President, altho not a deeply The results this year will be far religious man, sees the alarming greater. The response of the officials growth of immorality, with the break- and leaders of China was most no- down of old standards before table in the capital city, which has new ones have been formed, and he long been the most conservative believes in supporting morality or center of China. At one meeting any religion that will uphold the for inquirers who were deemed near State. The Vice-President also re- the point of decision for the Chris- ceived us very cordially, and gave us tian life there were present one an opportunity to present Chris- former governor, two generals, a tianity to him. private secretary to the President, The change in Pekin, compared the director of China's national bank, with fourteen years ago, is striking. prominent officials, and a young non- In 1900 the Boxers were killing our Christian philanthropist who has given Christians, and attempting to drive this year $I2,000 to Christian work.

foreigners out of China. This year, My interpreter was a young man re- for the first time, the Chinese officials cently converted in prison. His opened the Forbidden City, where the father was the governor of four foot of the "foreign devil" was for- provinces, his uncle the celebrated merly never permitted to rest, and Marquis 'Tsun, China's minister to gave us a site fnr our tabernacle England and Russia, his grandfather right near the palaces of the boy Em- China's greatest statesman, Tsen Quo peror, and close to the sacred altar Fan. Tho a recent convert, he has where the Emperor annually wor- become a bold witness for Christ. shipped. Four thousand students as- In this small group there were three sembled in this tabernacle to hear the men of prominent official position Gospel, and some six hundred men *See account on page 5 (January).

WIDE-OPEN DOOR IN CHINA 169

who had all been baptized and be- as they were convinced that His come earnest Christian workers dur- claims were just. ing the year. Probably in no other country in the· world to-day are the Four years ago, immediately after officials so accessible to Christianity the meetings in Hangchow, the prinas in China. cipals and teachers of the government colleges strictly forbade the attendance . When we reached Hangchow, we of the students at Bible classes and went from the railway station to the opposed our work. This year, howmodern theater which had been se- ever, these same principals invited us cured for the meeting. The Con- to a banquet, thanked us for helping fucian owners of the theater had can- them in their work for the students, THE EVANGELISTIC MEETING FOR WOMEN IN HANGCHOW, OCTOBER, 1914 celled an entertainment scheduled and received cordially an address.·.in there, and gave us the use of the which we asked for the opening of theater free of charge, which would the government schools to voIunt~y have been twelve hundred dollars. Bible classes. One is deeply iJn- The Governor granted a haH-holiday, prest, in going from city to ·city, in order that the students might at- with the open-mindedness of· the tend the meetings, and they all came. Chinese leaders to-day. Our. ·inter- When we arrived at the theater, we preter at these meetings was Mr. C. found twenty-five hundred students, T. Wang, the young Christian statesofficials, and business men, filling man of China, formerly a member of every seat up to the top gallery, and Yuan's Cabinet and Vice-President two thousand were waiting outside. of the National Senate. He is now The same thing was repeated the next National Secretary of the Y. M, C. A. day. About a thousand of these men signed cards, promising to study the The Governor of the province life of Christ and follow Him so far asked us to a banquet, at which were present many young progressives who

THE SPECIAL MAT SHED ERECTED FOR THE EVANGELISTIC MEETINGS IN CHANGSHA had made a fight for righteousness first he asked for private baptism, but I said, "Let us be plain; we must and against opium. The young inter- be courageous, and work for the glory of Jesus Christ. Will you go preter and I went from our knees to down to the little church and be baptized in public?" that meeting with the Governor. "I will," he said. The following F or an hour we presented Jesus day this fearless man took the chair at the meeting and stated publicly Christ to that Governor and Secre- that he had decided to become a Christian. Even the non-Christian tary of State, Mr. S. T . Wen. Fin- students broke into applause. The next Sunday he went down and gave ally, I said to the Secretary, as I his testimony before the people in the little church. He said, "I may lose took out my Testament: "Mr. Wen, my official position, but I take my stand to-day once for all for Jesus when the eunuch had heard the Gos- Christ." Over a thousand young men Ilad signed as inquirers in the theater pel that Philip preached to him, he meetings, and Mr. Wen said, "I can not ask them to join the church if I ' said: • do not lead the way." He immediate- ly -started Bible classes among his "'What doth hinder me to be household servants and officials; and on the last day of meetings in China, baptized ?' What hinders you from when illness prevented me from con- ducting the meetings as scheduled, becoming a Christian here and Mr. Wen came down and carried now?" Mt:. Ven replied: "Mr.. Eddy, some day I will; but now it would complicate my official position. Some day I will retire from political life and go into private life and become a Christian."

"Why not do it now?" I urged.

"We need Christian leaders now.

Will you not do it now?"

He answered: "I will!' Then we shook hands, and I said: "Mr. Wen, when will you do it?"

"Next Sunday," he replied. At

WIDE-OP~N DOOR IN

them on with 11r. C. T. Wang. I there were but four Christians in this have seldom seen a man more 10- part of the empire. He himself was stantly trnsformed in his character driven out of the city by the mob. than was that man, a witness known To-day, practically every student in of all men. the city was attending the meetings, as well as the leaders of every ~ec­ vVe went to Foochow, at the invi- tion of the community. More than tation of the Governor, the Chamber of Commerce, and all of the Confu- sixteen hundred students and youns cian College presidents. (It. was there that eleven missionaries were torn men enrolled themselves as inquirers limb .fr0111 limb by the angry mob to join Bible classes to study the fOl1r twenty years ago.) Now, when I Gospels. went to the Guild Hall, I found two . The Governor asked us to dine with thousand inside, and fifteen hundred him and other officials. I had some more outside waited there an hour charts that showed the material bankto get in anel hear the Gospel. The ruptcy of China caused by her moral same thing took place the next day. bankruptcy, which was in turn caused by her spiritual bankruptcy, bec~use Sitting on the platform was the she had left God out of account. aged Archdeacon VloHe. When he After explaining this I presented arrived in China fifty-two years ago Jeslls Christ as the only hope of CHINESE OFFICIALS AT EVANGELISTIC MEETINGS IN FOOCHOW In the front row are Mr. Sherwood Eddy and (on his right) the Governor-General and other Qfficials of Fukien Province, at a special lecture by Professor Robertson, in connection with the evangelistic campaign, October. 1914

China. We had an open hearing for sent men out into the province in Jesus Christ that night, before the teams of two, one Chinese and one Governor and his officials, and I foreigner. The results in those sec- presented the Governor with a Bible. ondary cities were proportionately An official who was present is to be greater than in the larger cities. In baptized within two months. one place three Buddhist priests Two days after the meetings the joined a Bible class.

Governor subscribed several thousand The darkest and hardest city was dollars toward the purchase of a site Canton-the center of new revolu- for a new Y.M.C.A. building in the tions against the Government. The student quarter. Some forty edu- day that we arrived a bomb was cators and college principals, with thrown that killed twelve men. A the Minister of Education, gave us a battle had been fought within seven banquet on another evening and said miles of the city. All public meet- to us in an address: "Confucianism ings of every nature were forbidden, alone can not save China. We need and the great shed that had been the moral dynamic .and principle of erected for our meetings was taken pr<;>gress which Christianity can give. down before we arrived. What could Christianity has long appealed to the be done? On our arrival the Gov- lower classes, but has not the time ernor 'called together all of the col- now come for you to appeal to the lege principals of the city and gave leaders and· 'educated men of the us an opportunity to present the Gos- nation?" Several of these college pel message first to them. Then principals exprest a desire to study they invited us to the colleges; there the life of Christ, and a number was no law against that, so that for offered us the privilege of opening the first time in history many col- Bible classes in the government col- leges in Canton opened to the mis- leges themselves. The Chamber of sionary message.' Their great law Commerce invited us to address school alone has seven hundred stu- them on two successive evenings. dents. We could only take about five More than a hundred of these men colleges a day, and held one meeting promised to join Bible classes to in a church, where five hundred and make a study of the New Testament. thirty Confucianists signed as inquir- A few years ago there was no ers and bought Bibles. The next Chamber of Commerce here and these Sunday seventy-five men were bap- men would have been deeply hostile tized. The terms of baptism were to Christianity. always fixt by the local church bodies.

But the significant thing about that A hundred and fifty non-Christian province was the new plan of a students in Canton decided to enter province-wide campaign in which all the Christian life, including sixty the Chri?tians were united. Six hun- medical students. One college prin- .ared Chinese pastors, laymen, and cipal writes: "Weare full to over· l~aders were called together for a flowing with joy. On Sunday we re- week's training conference at Foo- ceived into the church forty-two stu- chow and Amoy. After they had dents and sixteen others. I have attended the central meetings we never seen anything like it in this

WIDE-OPE~ DOOR IN CHINA

school." Even more important was When we arrived there we fo~nd that the Training Conference for Chris- the Lieutenant-Governor had sent out tian workers. We found gathered his proclamation announcing the here a thousand Christians and work- meetings to such an extent that they ers of all denominations, including a did not dare give out tickets for the hundred and fifty from outlying meeting. AlI of these audiences were cities and towns who had come in to not people admitted from the streets; attend this training conference in they were picked audiences of those preparation for a province-wide cam- three classes, officials, students, and paign next year for the Kwangtung business men. In order to gain ad- Province, which numbers thirty-seven mission to the evangelistic meetings millions of inhabitants. men were compeIIed to go to a cer- In Canton a thousand Christians tain place and sign written applica- gathered for a training conference, tions. Eight thousand men came in many coming from other centers. advance and signed those applica- They are now preparing for a prov- tions. The opening night five thou- ince-wide campaign for next year. In sand gathered-the place only held two fact, other provinces are asking for thousand, and had to be fiIled three these province-wide campaigns. times. The next day it rained, Some of the Results and as in China they don't go out in the rain, I did not expect that a meet- Our campaign this year was quite ing would be held. I was taking din- different from that held last year in ner at six o'clock, when I was sum- many respects. First, there was a moned by a messenger to come at larger hearing on the part of the stu- once. Three thousand men had come, dents. Last year t/:te student audi- and they sat while the rain dript ences averaged about two thousand a down, some of them wiping the rairt night; this year they averaged over from the seats. For one hour they three thousand every night at the listened as we talked about sin, their public meetings. sins-gambling, graft, and the sins Second: for the first time also this that are honeycombing the life of year the officials were ready to give China. One business man who signed an honest hearing to the Gospel of a card got ten others to join his class.

Jesus Christ. The President, the Men said, "Wherever there is a Vice-President, members of the Cab- Christian to teach you can form inet, and the Governors of almost classes all over the city."

every province that we visited, either Some New Problems erected pavilions for the meetings or The work this year also raised new gave the students half-holidays, or· problems. I will mention only three invited us to a banquet, with an op- in passing. The revival of Con- portunity to address the officials. fucianism is very sure to come in this Third: a beginning was made not decade. The door will not forever only with the students but with the remain open to Christianity as at merchant class, who are harder to present. The movement toward Con- reach than the students. We tested fucianism is not united, it is not selfthis in the great port city of Amoy. conscious y~t, but it is growing. One

party is trying La prCl110te a material- Lastly, we have to face the probistic movement, but a far larger party lem raised by this war. Not only is is trying to strengthen the religious the Chinese Government seriously element in Confucianism. It reminds embarassed, but our home base is me of an old watch that has run threatened at a time' that calls for down, into which they are going to advance and not retreat. I expected put a new mainspring, the main- that this war would cripple the meetspring of patriotism and nationalism, ings far more than was the case. For so that the old watch will not only instance, in Shanghai I was introkeep time, but will go faster than the duced to the late Premier, and I normaL I no longer dread that move- said to him: "Will you accept Jesus ment, however, after what I have seen. Christ ?" He replied: "Then I see Europe drenched in the blood of As in the war in Europe, every your so-called Christians, and when time there is a change on the part of I see the foreign city of Shanghai the enemy, there must be a new flowing free with opium, six hundred alignment by the other side; so the shops, to curse our nation, I do nQt churches must form a new alignment want to put my foot in that mess to meet these new conditions. In that you people have made of Chrissome places the Chinese churches tianity." have been so long accustomed to deal with the lower classes, that they do I hung my head with shame. I ex'- not know how to go out and meet pected that this would be the attitude with warm hand these men of the of the students; but it was not. They upper Classes. Then there are not hardly know that war is wrong. They enough trained Bible teachers to meet are ready to listen to the claims of them and shepherd the inquirers. The Christ and are ready to join Bible wonderful growth of the Christians, classes by thousands, and to join the however, is encouraging. church by hundreds.

The Christian forces are many times When was there a time when the as effective as they were four years leaders of a nation of over four hunago. Then, after the meetings, the dred millions, one-quarter of the huinquirers would slip right through our man race, after four thousand years fingers; but now the Christians are of preparation, after a hundred years growing in the thoroughness and de- of missionary work, were so open to votion of their follow-up work. the Gospel of Christ as in China to- It is inspiring to see three or four day? Will you call for retreat or for hundred Christians praying and the crippling of forces to-day? Not pleading with inquirers, and grap- only in those few cities, but in all pling with a great situation. That is parts of China, not only for the upbound to lift their Christian life. We per classes, but for all classes, the do not go into any city or province Church ought to advance. Every unless all the church bodies unite, church in America ought to support and set apart local leaders to follow the work for a great evangelistic adup the· work, with Bible-class lead- vance. The door is wide open, but ers. None the less, the great prob- the opportunity may pass. lem is the Chinese churches.

RECENT PUBLIC I MPROVEM E N T I N

The Ce ntral Railwa y Sta tio ll , opene d in 1913, cost $5,000,000. There are fift y train s a day ea ch way Fifteen Years In Cuba RESULTS AND PRESENT STATUS OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN CUBA BY REV. J. MILTON GREE NE, D.D., HAVANA, CUBA Superintendent of the P resbyterian (North) Mission IlAJN article on "Protest- The blessing of God upon our ~ ant Missions in Cuba," work in Cuba has been so marked written by Richard and the response to our efforts has Sumerle Maher, and been so hearty on the part of in- ~ published in the Cath- creasing thousands, that we are at a otic World of Novem- loss to account fo r the basis of the ber 19, 1914, makes statements so statements in Mr. Maher's article.

strangely and glaringly aside from They seem to have been born of the the truth that I feel impelled to give imagination. 'When I recall, for ex- the real facts of the case concerning ample, an experience last year, when the need, the fruits, and present I organized two churches, one of S8 status of evangelical work .in the members and another of r4, baptizing island. For thirteen years I have them all, and marryi ng. in the fIrst been in closest touch with these case, 7 couples, all of whom were activities, and have been at pains to parents, and several of them grand- verify a t fIrst hand the data con- . parents, all but one having been born tained in this article. out of wedlock, and all being Cubans,

UNDER THE OLD REGIME IN CUBA The Malecon (driveway) as it was before the first intervention by the United State.

I am imprest anew with the need and tolerance of the opinions of for Protestant mission work, as seen others. The Protestant missions have in social conditions. taught the people to examine all things and to hold fast that which is It also appears how important and good. Thus while able to give a vital are the reconstructive influences reason for the hope that is in them, which proceed from Protestant mis- and with the moral courage of their sions. Another instance, that oc- intelligent convictions, they have a curred last year, was the reception in larger charity for those who differ our Vedado congregation of four from them in religious belief. This married couples and their children. was sorely needed in Cuba to sup- Hundreds of youth of both sexes in plant the hatred which formerly preour Bible Classes and Endeavor So- vailed so extensively. The quickencieties have had their ideals of life ing of intellectual life, the purification elevated and purified and their moral of domestic conditions, the inculcanature strengthened under the influ- tion of industry as a religious virtue, ence of an open Bible and the simple the condemnation of the lottery and Gospel. These young people are other forms of gambling, all these to-day enthusiastic champions of a and other similar influences have patriotism free -from the trammels of created an atmosphere which we are ignorance, superstition and immor- wont to consider the indirect result ality. They are conspicuous in their of Protestantism. various communities, for civic righteousness and social rectitude. Remembering the American inter- vention for Cuban independence and Nor can I forget the immense ad- the disinterested attitude of the Am– vantage of a spirit of investigation

YEARS IN CUBA

UNDER THE NEW REGIM E IN CUBA The Malecon (driveway) as it was im proved after the first intervention by the United S tates erican Government, the masses of sonal observation an d from the testithe Cuban people are quick to dis- mony of Catholic friends we judge cern in all this the outworking of that Protestant example has stimu- Protestant principles in contrast with lated the priests to a higher moral and the four centuries that preceded. evangelical tone in their pUlpit utter- The result is a predisposition to re- ances. They have also been stirred ceive gratefully whatever of good we up to repair their dingy church edihave to offer them. This is also fices and to furnish them with pews very frequently recognized by Roman instead of leaving the faithful, as Catholic friends . SCdrcely a day formerly, to stand, kneel or sit upon passes that we are not invited to open the cold stone floors. work in new centers. On every hand are many sympathizers who say The other noticeable effect is the frankly that we may count on th~ir very marked decrease in ten years ·of moral support, altho for personal and the number living in concubinage. domestic reasons they can not yet W herever Protestant influence ' exopenly affiliate with us. This means, tends, marriage is insisted upon as an in most cases, that the wives, moth- ordinance of God, and concubinage is ers, or sweethearts oppose their join- set forth as a sin. Our clergy are ing the Protestant Church. always ready to solemnize marriages without any charge, thus lifting from Two other beneficial effects of Protestant work may be mentioned. the people the heavy yoke fonnerly The first is the noticeable change in imposed upon them in the excessive the few sermons preached by the marriage fees demanded by the priests. Roman Catholic priests. From per- In order to appreciate the results of Protestant missionary work in

Cuba one must bear in mind the census showed the number of those physical, intellectual, social and reli- living in confused concubinage to be gious environment existing in the r68,c){Xl. island at the close of the Spanish war. It is a type of civilization which In religion almost everyone was may justly be termed unique and is labelled a Roman Catholic, having essentially what was found in all the been baptized as such in infancy, but former Spanish colonies. It is a civil- with at least 90 per cent. of the male ization hobbled, handicapped, re- popUlation there was no evidence in prest, cast in the mold of an in- daily life of a fear of God, obedience veterate traditionalism and saturated to His commandments or devotion to the Savior. For wholesale worldli- ONE OF THE NATURAL PRODUCTS OF CUBA Children in Havana growing up uneducated and indifferent to responsibilities with]esuitical principles. Here were ness and sinful indulgence no other found the two extremes of wealth and day was equal to the Sabbath. Expoverty, culture and ignorance, moral- c~pt on festal occasions the many ity and laxity, churchliness and indif- cathedrals and churches were very ference-with the second element in sparsely attended. Nine-tenths of each case overwhelmingly in the as- those who frequented the Mass were cendancy. In a country well-nigh women. Many of the church edifices unparalleled for fertility, poverty was were in a deplorable state of repair, widespread and the conditions of life so that the impression made upon a for the masses could hardly have been visitor was that for the great maworse from a hygienic standpoint.. jority of the men at least Roman From 60 to 80 per cent. of the people Catholicism as a religion in Cuba was were illiterate. In r899 the official in a decadent condition, the existing

YEARS IN

Church having lost the confidence of Hict with the marriage laws enacted the people. It is undeniable that the during the first American intervenpriests, as a class, with some noble tion with the express object of lesexceptions, are treated by the ma- sening the number of illicit unions jority of Cubans with cold indiffer- and of illegitimate children. From ence. This is due to their lack 1885 to 1900 the Judicial district in of culture, and in too many cases to 'Havana registered the largest number their social laxity. of marriages, filling seven books, each book composed of 400 leaves ~lore and more the masses are and each marriage occuping two turning to the Protestant ministers leaves. From 1900 to the present for marriage. My own list has A CULTIVATED PRODUCT OF CUBA Children of the Presbyterian Sabbath School at San Antonio, delos Banos reached a total of J 75 and that of one time the district which has registered associate 3,200. In many cases the the least number of marriages has pastor has also paid the registry fee filled seventeen books ,of 600 pages of one dollar, and in not a few in- each, assigning to every marriage one stances it was necessary to secure page and a quarter. In the Southern the inscription in the civil registry of Judicial district of Havana the numthose whose parents had failed to ber of matrimonial inscriptions from report their birth. 1910 to 1913 reached a total of 1,579. Of these 982 were Protestant, 418 It is worth while to note that three were Roman Catholic and 179 were years ago, Sr. Carlos Ortiz y Coffigiu, civil. Secretary of Justice, issued a circular to the municipal judges of the island, What we found in Cuba may be urging upon them to put no obstacles summed up in general terms, and in the way of registering the mar- speaking of the masses, as followsriages celebrated by Protestant minis- stagnant intellect, enfeebled will, perters, as such action would be in con- verted conscience and irreligious life.

ONE OF THE NEW CHRISTIAN INSTITUTIONS OF CUBA The new Y. M. C. A. Building to he complet<:d in April, 191.1 The people did not know how to quentiy no public conscience to be think, and were afraid to investigate, relied upon as a last resort, and men They were like animated machines, did what for the time being seemed manipulated from without and ac- to serve their own interests. The ' cepting what was told them or what idea that the end justifies the means they had inherited as truth. They made itself felt most disastrously delegated their decisions on moral in the matter of truthfulness, questions to others, knowing nothing honesty, chastity and even of friendof the right of private judgment. ship and matrimony. This explains Conscience with them had been ~o to a great extent why Cuba well-nigh misguided in their education that leads the world in the number of her moral distinctions were sadly con- suicides, ravishments, robberies and fused. Men had lost the native in- graft. stincts of right and wrong in obedience to an artificial code of morals. Certainly what has been written They worried about sins that were will suffice to justify the presence no sins and they had lost the con- of Protestant missionaries in Cuba. sciousness that men may be sinners Some of the statements made in even when they are obedient sons the article in The Catholic WarId of the Church. There was conse- stand in marked contrast to the facts which can not be refuted.

FIFTEE:t-l" YEARS IN·· CUBA

Statements in the "Catholic World" Oflicial Facts of Protestant Work "Not a single established Protestant One hundred and forty-nine organ- congregation of Cubans." ized churches with a membership of 10,975· "There are 30 per cent. less missions Established missions, 290, with 170 and 50 per cent. less workers (Protes- ordained missionary workers. tant) than there were six years ago."

"All over the island men and women Average gain In the last six years, are giving up the struggle and coming over 100 per cent. in church-member- home." ship.

"The Episcopal Mission has spent Protestant Episcopal Mission average $100,000 yearly in Cuba for salaries and expenditure since 1904, $35,000. running expenses since 1900."

"It is well below the truth to say that Total average expenditure of all Prot- $400,000 are being spent annually for estant societies, $221,429 a year. the (Protestant) conversion of Cuba."

The Protestant pastors and their been circulated to the number of assistants preach the Gospel in 300 300,000, and millions of tracts have pulpits each week. There are over been given away. Surely, from any 700 teachers in the Sabbath-schools unprejudiced standpoint, Protestant and r60 teachers in the boarding- and missions in Cuba have not been a day-schools conducted by the mis- failure and the money given has sions. There are five Protestatlt not been wasted. The manifest blesschurch papers published, Bibles have ing of God has rested on the work.

STATISTICAL RESULTS OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN CUBA (1889-1914) – -. — ——– _. Denomination <; ~ ..!< .$ ~ -~"~"~" .""~.~"", ..I ~~~ ., 1l~ .., ." "I '" '" -"" """S <; ~~ .~~ >- .E" t -.:,;,:,~ 1l t.~ .:l " " '1'"; .~ c "'''' ~…"cc,-,"", ~~ ""'""'" C;; ..~..,..",."~.,. o~~ u~"'- ~ Q'" 'C"1i'""'-i tu":;VJ .:l O.. Cu': .." """,,,,,'..-~.. ~~ ~ ~ ~ .~ ~ Baptists (S.) 1899 $40,000 29 27 1,900 31 35 2,000 7 200 75% Baptists (N.) Protestant Epis. 1899 40,000 98 37 1,537 33 56 1,640 11 565 1000/0 (In 10 yrs.) Friends Presbyterian (N.) 1904 35,000 32 19 1,677 19 19 1,237 5 669 175% Presbyterian (S.) Methodist (S.) 1900 5,714 36 7 467 21 36 621 5 353 75% 1901 33,000 31 20 1,108 20 28 1,788 12 600 20% 1899 13,000 15 9 600 7 9 750 4 500 100% -5-4,7-15 – 49 30 -3,6-86 – 3-9 – 5-1 2,597 6 -5-52 40% ~- — – -18-99 $221,429 290 149 10,975 170 234 10,633 50 3,439 100%

A Key Man at Constantinople

WILLIAM W. PEET, TREASURER OF AMERICAN MISSIONS IN TURKEY Thirty-four years ago Mr. William W. Peet, then a young man only thirty-one years of age, gave up a responsible position with the railroads of Nebraska to accept appointment as treasurer and general business agent for all the Turkey missions of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. It is an important office, the duties of which are manifold, and often perplexing. During the last sixteen years Mr. Peet has also discharged with signal ability the delicate task of representing mission interests at the foreign embassies and at the offices of the Turkish Central Government.

When Miss Ellen M. Stone and Mme. Tsilka and her infant son, born in captivity, were held for ransom by Bulgarian brigands, it was Mr. Peet who, with Dr. House and the dragoman of the American embassy, successfully negotiated their rescue. Turkish officers high and low, civil and military, had been instructed to shadow the rescuers every moment, night and day, to break up their plans for payment of a ransom, and at all hazards to arrest the abductors-their enemies. Mr. Peet was positively assured that the ladies were dead, but he quietly replied, "Then we will visit their graves." For wearisome days and nights he and his two comrades, with $66,000 in gold coin (250 pounds weight, done up in sacks), sought to elude the vigilance of the Turks, but in vain. Finally one night, while the guard slept, they crept out to the appointed place on the hillside, and successfully delivered the ransom money into the hands of the brigands–assuring the release of the captives. Thus they accomplished the seemingly impossible task.

In the years r895-97 more than $r,ooo,ooo for Armenian relief and orphansupport money was distributed through Mr. Peet's office without the loss of a dollar. Again, in the recent utter collapse of banking facilities, due to the European war, Mr. Peet has been able to meet the needs of 200 missionaries all over Turkey, with a minimum of inconvenience and delay.

In the reign of Abdul Hamid, there were many business transactions with the Turkish Government that required both business ability and diplomatic tact of an unusual order. When Mr_ Wingate of Talas purchased, as the site for a high-school, an elevation commanding a view of the Caesarea' plain, the local government declared: "That is a site for a fort, not for a school," and demanded the return of the property. Mr_ Peet, like Antonio, opposed his patience to the Turks' fury, and made use of the Turkish device of postponing any settlement until a more propitious hour. -{s a result, the Ta1as High-School building now crowns that eminence.

The success of Mr. Peet is due to certain prominent characteristics. He masters each case, and when he is sure he is right, he goes ahead. With imperturbable self-control, he is ah1e to keep an impassive face, never raising his voice even under great provocation. His manifest sincerity, his Christian principles, and his mastery of self and of the matter in hand, inspire confi'dence with men of every class. He is a model associate and friend, uniformly considerate of his colleagues and assistants. He is the executive force. His indomitable will, his calm judgment, his unassuming dignity, his consideration of others, his weighty personality, his years of experience, constitute the solid basis of his success.

EUPHRATES COLLEGE BUILDINGS OF THE AMERICAN MISSION AT HARPUT A STREET IN ERZERUM, TURKEY The large building is thc Girls' Mission School of the American Board CENTERS OF AMERICAN MISSION WORK IN TURKEY The War and Missions in Turkey BY REV. JAMES L. BARTON, D.D., BOSTON, MASS. Author of "Day Break in Turkey," "The Unfinished Task," etc.

T is a gratifying fact The entrance of Turkey into the conflict was evidently not sponmI that the present con- taneous, and was without the ap- flict is not a religious proval of all Moslem leaders. Their enthusiasm for the conflict is not on war, whatever may b'e said to the contrary. Roman Catholic and the increase, and the Christian popu- Protestant countries are in alliance· lations have never favored it.

against other Protestant and Roman The significance of the Turkish Catholic countries. Mohammedans, factor in the conflict is not due to Greek Catholics, and Jews are also the addition of 20,000,000 to the fighting upon both sides. It is a war number of peoples involved, but is in which religious and class lines are because for half a century or more obliterated. Turkey has been the storm center Turkey entered the conflict not of the Near Eastern question. Since from choice but from necessity, and the Crimean War Russia has because of pressure from without. crowded from the north for influ- From Turkey's standpoint the war ence and territory, while England, against the Allies is not a religious France and Germany have skir- war in the generally accepted mean- mished for position and influence in ing of the term. At the same time the Balkans, in Asia Minor, and in it was necessary for the Turks; be- Mesopotamia, Syri~, Arabia and fore entering upon formal hostilities, Egypt. Now that the "balance of to declare a "holy war," since all power" is in the melting-pot, Turkey Mohammedan wars are supposed to is thrust into the superheated furnace be more or less identified with re- into which are cast questions of con- ligion. The unreasonableness of the trol, sovereignity and supremacy of situation is made apparent from the more than one European nation.

fact that Turkey is in alliance with As a missionary land Turkey com- nations that are fighting Moham- mands unusual attention because of medans. In fact, they themeselves, its Mohammedan Government. It if they attempt to invade Egypt, will is practically the only country where come into open conflict with their Christian missionaries labor to-day Mohammedan brethren, while, at the that is openly and constitutionally same time, their Mohammedan army Mohammedan. It possesses a great and navy have Christians in their variety of divergent Moslem sects ranks and are fighting under the and races besides being the home of leadership of Christian officers. some of the most ancient and historic Clearly, even fr0111 the Turkish Christian races and churches. For standpoint, the war is not strictly nearly a century this mission field religious. has been occupied, mainly by the American Board and by the Pres- soon as the British Ambassador with- byterian Board of Foreign Missions. drew from Constantinople, British In no other field have more con- subjects were put under the pro- spicuously successful Christian in- tection of the American Ambassador, stitutions been established than those Mr. Morgenthau, who at once se- in Turkey. These include, besides cured from the Grand Vizier the strong, aggressive Protestant churches, assurance that all British subjects a notable list of colleges and semi- connected with the work of the naries, other schools of all grades, American Board (30 or 40 in alI) hospitals and dispensaries, printing would be undisturbed. So far as establishments, industrial enterprises, we have been able to ascertain, the and many other activities related to Turkish Government has carried out organized mISSIOnary operations. this pledge to the letter.

These institutions are distributed For a brief period one of the over the country, from -the Balkan alarming effects of the war upon peninsula on the west, "to Russia and mission work in Turkey arose from Persia on the east, and from the the abolition of the "capitulatiolIs"

Black Sea on the north to the Indian that have been in operation in Turkey Ocean on the south. They reach all for centuries. This was accompanied classes, and during the last three or by the declaration that hereafter alI four years a rapidly increasing num- foreigners and all foreign institutions ber of Moslems have been eager pa- wOl1ldcome under the laws of Tur- trons and supporters. key. There is still some misunder- The American Board and the Pres- standing as to how far this proclam- byterian Board, together with some ation will affect the Armenian, Greek, smaller missions, support fonr or Protestant and other communities, five hundred foreign missionaries, but assurance has been given by most of whom are connected with Turkish officials that American mis- the American societies. They repre- sions and institutions will not be sent an investment of more than hindered. The Grand Vizier stated $30,000,000, with an annual expen- that these institutions are carried on, diture of about $700,000 in gold, and nof under "capitulations," but under have won the patronage of the lead- the laws of the Empire. This ing official classes. There are also proclamation, which went into effect French Roman Catholic missions of on October 1St, has, so far as we considerable proportions, many of know, not unfavorably reacted upon which have strong institutions and the missionary work, and the mLs- carryon a most commendable work. sionaries are hopeful that their work At the beginning of November this will not permanently be disturbed.

entire territory, almost without warn- Turkey was most quickly and ing, found itself in open war against seriously affected by the financial Russia, England and France. All crisis caused by the outbreak of the British and French missionaries were war. This was probably due to a lack compelled to withdraw, and their of confidence in the financial system institutions were closed, except where . of that country. As soon as it was kept open by trained natives, A'i> known in Constantinople that a gen-

9 1 5] THE WAR AND MISSIONS IN TURKEY

A COMPANY OF TURKISH SOLDIERS ON' TIlE MARCH IN ARMENIA eral European war had begun, a Finally, it was arranged, through moratorium of thirty days was de- the State Department, that a Iimitclared. Later this was extended, eO' amount of gold should be and it was impossible to secure carried to Turkey by the United money from any of the banks, and States cruisers and paid over to the merchants refused to transact busi- 111issionaries. The amount was, howness on credit. The American Board ever, very inadequate to meet the Treasury at Constantinople alone re- need. Ambassador Morgenthau quires $600 gold a day, or $18,000 a also paid personally to the treasurer 1110nth for the support of the regular of the Board in Constantinople mission work and the institutions de- $17,000, cabling the American Board pendent upon it. A dispatch was to put that amount to his credit in received at the offices in Boston on Washington. Even this generous August 19th (by way of Naples), help would not meet bills already stating that the missionaries in Tur- due, much less provide for the future. key were suffering terribly for want The question arose as to whether it of gold. No bank in Boston, New would not be necessary to withdraw York, or London, or elsewhere could all the missionaries from Turkey. be found to assume the responsibility At this crisis the Standard Oil Comfor making payments in Constanti- pany of New York agreed to instruct nople. its agents in Turkey to pay limited

amounts of money into the hands of In this emergency, Mr. W. W. the institutions and mIssIonary Peet, the treasurer of the American societies there. This plan of co- Board ,missions in Constantinople, sent operation solved the problem of word to the interior that he would transmitting funds to Constantinople, pay full cash value for all drafts on Smyrna and Beirut. himself sent by the various stations. It soon "became apparent to the There was, however, a further people that the only way to send difficulty, for it was impossible to money safely from the interior to transmit the money from the mis- Constantinople was through the mission treasurers at the seaports into sionaries. It also became noised abroad that the Bible House was the FAST FRETGHT IN TURKEY only place in Constantinople where drafts .were cashed at their full face It is over such roads that money mllst be trans- value. ported to the missionaries in Armenia Now another method of relief apthe interior where are located most peared. The Mohammedan religof the missionaries and institutions. ious organization, that has endow- Under norma[ conditions it is possi- ments scattered throughout the emble to send gold from Constantinople pire, found it impossible to send the to the remotest interior stations income of those endowments to their through the mails, but now no com- headquarters in Constantinople, and pany would insure the safe delivery when they learned that the mission of such remittances, since brigan- stations offered a safe means of dage was on the increase. Under transfer they also paid in this money the panic conditions of the war other at the various stations, where it was means of exchange between Con- used for the support of the missionstantinople and the interior were in- a r i e s, and received in exchange terrupted, so that the salaries of drafts on Treasurer Peet at Conteachers and pastors could not be stantinople. These drafts were prepaid, and there was not even money sented at the Bible I-louse by the to buy daily bread. head of the Mohammedan organi- zation and were cashed at their face value.

In this way a great business cor- poration in America and the great Mohammedan religious organization in Turkey cooperated to keep mis- sionarie"s alive and at their posts, and furnished the funds needed for their work. This experience also gave to missions a new reputation of busi- nesS integrity and ability.

In September there was a serious question as to whether schools could be opened at their regular time. A

WAR AND MISSIONS IN TURKEY IB9

protest was, however, raised by all Leasona from the War classes in Turkey aga'inst any change in the usual program, lest it would The war in Turkey has taught. us throw the people into a panic in fear some lessons of no little value. of some · unknown impending disaster. The missionaries, therefore, de- First: It has revealed the lack of cided to open the schools as usual. solidarity among the Mohammedans And this was done throughout the of Turkey. A short time before country, with an attendance generally Turkey entered the war a sermon was preached in the Mosque of ,st. Sophia, Constantinople, in which the AMERICAN MINISTRIES TO TURKISH SUBJECTS A group of ·morning patients at th e International Hospital in Adana, Eu ropea n Turkey somewhat smaller than usual on ac- preacher called upon his great Mocount of the financial distress and the hammedan audience to draw the difficulties of traveL sword and enter into a holy war to exterminate Christians and cause The drastic military mobilization Islam to triumph. The only response took some teachers from mission was a loud "Amin," after which the schools, and by removing wage- audience peacefully scattered to their earners and harvesters brought great homes, hardship upon the entire country. Beasts of burden and supplies for Again, when Turkey entered into feeding the army were also requi- the war, the Sultan issued a proclasitioned to such an extent that many mation to his people that they 'were homes were left absolutely stript. entering upon a "holy war," and cal1~ By payment' of the exemption tax ing upon the Mohammedans throughmany teachers escaped service in the out the world to rally to the banner army, so that American schools have of Islam and overthrow the foes of not been seriously crippled, Mohammed, This proclamation also

called out no enthusiasm even £r0111 defense of Islam. Even Turkey the Mohammedans in Turkey. The would not expect Christian Artne- Kurdish Hamidieh, upon whom Sul- nians, Syrians, and Greeks to fight tan Abdul Hamid relied in his con- for the defense of Islam or for its flicts with the Armenians and Rus- extension.

sians, have refused to fight under the To-day the bringing of officers flag of the Sultan of Turkey, and it from a Christian nation to organize is reported that some have gone over and lead the Turkish army and the to the Russians. The Arabs, when Turkish navy is a more complete forced into the army, are also said demonstration of the disintegration to be deserting by hundreds and of Turkey as a Mohammedan mili- thousands. tary power.

This call to a "holy war" from one Fourth: The present crisis dem- who claims to be the Caliph of Islam, onstrates the influence and power the successor of Mohammed, has of Christian missionary institutions.

met With little response, and many The Turks have turned to the mis- even Df the leading Moslems of sionary hospitals as the chief source Consta'ntinople are arrayed in oppo- of medical help for soldiers as well sition to it. as for civilians. The missionary Second: This war has revealed the schools have not only been undis- fact that Turkey does not command turbed, but local officials, and even the following. of the Mohammedans Turkish generals have exprest of the world. While this, the only re- their appreciation and confidence in maining strong Mohammedan. Gov- them, and have given assurance that ernment, was issuing a call to arms they would be protected. The' Com- against the Christians, the Moham- mander-in-Chief of the Fourth Tur- medans of India were giving money, kish Army Corps, located in Smyrna, and were offering their services to and the Civil Governor, have been the British Government. The Egyp- particularly friendly toward the In- tians also, nominally a part of Tur- ternational College and' to President key, declared their loyalty to Great MacLachlan, altho the latter is a -Britain, while Turkey and Russia are British subject.

in conflict. While friends in America have Third: The Turks themselves are been alarmed lest the American mis- proving their inability to continue as sionaries should suffer hardship, the a self-governing nation in the face missionaries in Turkey have not of the onward march of civilization. seemed to be disturbed or anxious.

Since the days of Mohammed the They have confidence in the local Turkish army had been, theoretically government, and believe that when at least, the main support of Mo- the storm is past, and Turkey is hammedanism. When, however, the again at peace, all classes will look Constitution was proclaimed in 1908, upon the missionary work as among and Christians were admitted into the the most permanent and most worthy . army on equal terms with Moham- of perpetuation of any of the uplift- medans, the Turkish army ceased to ing and civilizing influences and in- be one that could be used for the stitutions in the Turkish empire.

Toleration In

BY REV. JOHN W. BUTLER, D.D., LL.D. MEXICO CITY Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church ~I T is significant that the Creator." No review of Mexico men high in the coun- is complete which ignores this great struggle which began in 1810 and is , cils of both Church still in progress.

and State should, at Most Americans to-day seem to be as lacking in sympathetic patience to- about the same time, ward our distrest brothers of Mexico as were their grandfathers appeal to the public some seventy years ago, when Daniel Webster said to a circle of friends: from the pulpit and the press with "We have a sister republic on our southern border almost in mortal energetic claims that the revolution- agony and no one among us seems willing to lend it a helping hand." ary leaders of Mexico had initiated The truth is that the Mexican people, as a whole, have never had a chance. a campaign of persecution against The few who have had a chance have "made good" and, as a result, the Roman Catholic Church of that many of their. professional men, merchants, farmers, mechanics, and country. Two Cardinals, several others, will compare favorably with their brothers north of the Rio priests, some national representatives Grande. But the masses have never had what we, in the .United States, and one ex-President of the United call "a square deaL"

States, are among those who tell of When the accumulated wrongs of three centuries were almost crush- "churches confiscated or looted, con- ing the life out of them and the bitter murmurings which escaped vents destroyed, priests shot in cold their lips reached the ears of their masters, who came from across the blood, Jesuits, secret orders and sea to lord it over them, the Viceroy aded fuel to the fire by a proclamaciergy sent out of the country, nuns tion containing the following para- graph: "Let the people of these outraged, and other evidences of dominions learn once for all that they were born to be silent and obey intolerance." In all lands and at and not to discuss nor to have opinions in political affairs." all times Protestants are foremost Under circumstances less afflictive in condemning such wrongs, and are the first in demanding equal toleration for all creeds. Some things, however, should be said about the reprehensible intolerance and fanatical excesses now being laid at the door of the revolutionary leaders and authorities in Mexico.

The public utterances referred to completely ignore the provisions of the Constitution of 1857, and the Laws of Reform, as well as the long and bitter struggle which a suffering people have endured, with tremen- dous sacrifices, in order to reach part of the way toward democracy and all those other "inalienable rights"

with which they were "endowed by

what did American patriots do in foreigners) have always been against 1776? What did the French people the best interests of the masses.

do in 1789? And, going still further The aristocracy, largely descend- back, what did our forefathers do ants of the conquerers and Spanish in 1640 and 1688 in order to rescue grandees, wanted the peons to work from the battleground of four hun- on their great estates, and for their dred years that grand Magna Charta purposes they did not wish them that they might plant it as the Con- educated. Most of the priests from stitution of a free and liberty-loving Europe were too worldly, and par- people? To each of these questions took too largely of that "lust of gold"

the answer is the same; they which characterized the early con- revolted, and by so doing set the querors, to have much concern in the example to our Mexican brothers as real uplift of the Indians. They, the only possible method open to therefore, generally played into the them for righting their wrongs. hands of the aristocracy. The ruling Surely, then, no American or Eng- class has always 'sided with the rich lishman or Frenchman should with- as against the poor.

hold sympathy from these struggling The indigenous people of Mexico people. Harsh criticism smacks of had thus been under control since at apostacy. vVhen that unrighteous least a thousand years before the proclamation went abroad, in the Christian era, and part of them early days of the nineteenth century, represent a civilization equal, in some Divine Providence, who created all cases, to that forced upon them by men equal, raised up leaders among "military eloquence." These people the common people who cried and are compelled to li'e in ignorance, cried aloud, "vVe will not lay down degradation, and superstition, are our arms till we have wrested the deprived of the ownership of their jewel of liberty from the hand of own God-given lands, and are then the oppressor." required to till them for masters It has been an uneven struggle from over the sea. The native against great odds, dragging its Mexicans are given absolutely no weary way through more than a participation in the choice of their century, but it means for them free- rulers, and then, after three hundred dom from Spanish domination, from years of Christian civilization ( ?) religious oppression, from serfdom they are told that they "were born to imposed by landlords, and from ig- be silent and obey." Can we wonder norance. Even now, 80 per cent. are that these creatures of God rose up still illiterate, tho nominally under to throw off the yoke, and that now the influence of the historic church the slogan of their revolution is for four centuries. A powerful "effective suffrage" and "the return trinity of the privileged classes has of our lands?" This is the crux been united against the people at of the whole trouble in Mexico.

every renewal of their effort; for Some American correspondents who the rulers, the aristocracy (which go down into the country seek out included military officers), and the "sore spots," and returning home are high clergy (who were generally generously paid to' write magazine

TOLERATION IN MEXICO

articles about "Barbarous l'vlexico." press without exaggeration. vVhat vVhy do not some of them give more· has actuaIly taken place in Mexico is prominence to the mistakes and fail- bad enough, and at times has rivaled ures of the past 400 years? the atrocities of the French Revolu- The Christian people of the United tion. vVrongdoing is never justifi- States need a more careful con- able, however great the provocation, MAKING A PILGRIMAGE IN MEXICO A :Mexican Roman Gatholic devotee making a pilgrimage to a holy shrine on her knees. She collects coins in the pan on the ground in front sideration of the facts before hastily and yet the provocation should beget condemning everything south of the sympathetic consideration. That is Rio Grande. All the Mexicans are all we plead for in the case of poor not cut-throats, nor are all the revolu- Mexico in these days of her sore tionists bandits. Nor are the ac- trial. In this spirit let us look at counts appearing in the American some of the charges to which we refer.

Some of the Charges that, according to law, no such con- The first is that the leaders of the vents have existed in Mexico for revolution are ruthlessly confiscating church property in Mexico. This is over fifty years. not correct. All church property was confiscated under the Constitu- Another mistaken charge is that tion of 1857, and now the Church can not legally hold property as an the present leaders of the revolution investment. Mexican historians make clear why such drastic measures are expelling Jesuit priests, nuns, and were incorporated into the Constitution and emphasized by the re- other religious orders from Mexico. form laws of 1859. It was, as one of them says, "because the Church The same reason, given above as to became a very prominent factor in politics and could upset and establish the political influence of the Church, governments at its pleasure, fomenting the many revolutions which were applied with special force to all constantly breaking out." Therefore, it was that the political power of secret religious orders. Hence, in the Church was destroyed by effecting a complete independence of 1873, Mexico promulgated additional Church and State, and the confiscation of all Church property-from the reform laws, which expelled all such most magnificent cathedral to the smallest chapel, and from the moat secret societies from the country. In expensive convent to the humblest shrine in the country. All Church this they only did what several counproperty not built in recent years belongs to the government, which, tries in Latin America and many in turn, gives a free lease to the Church of such edifices as are re- countries in Europe had found it quired for public worship. All this was brought to pass by the Liberal necessary to do. If, therefore, Party, most of whose members lived and died in the Roman Catholic fold, Jesuits, nuns, and members of kintho they were decidedly opposed to the Church as a political insti- dred orders have recently been tution. Rare, indeed, was the case when a Liberal de~lared himself op- found in Mexico, they were there posed to Christianity. Reports of the confiscating of Church property against the law, the existence of in these days is a mistake-such confiscation occured nearly sixty years which they certainly were not· ignorago. As to the destruction of convents, it is only necessary to say ant. The present authorities were fully authorized in reminding them of the law. .

It has also been asserted that many of the clergy have recently been expelled from the country. The Constitution of 1857 provides not only for the separation of Church and State, but it also guarantees full religious liberty. This means equal toleration for Roman Catholic, Protestant, Mormon, or Jew; and no one has more reason to be grate- ful for those reasonable and just provisions of the Constitution than the ancient people of God whose descendants in Mexico were, in for- mer times, subjected to much cruel treatment simply for following the faith of their fathers.

It appears to be true that a con- siderable number of priests have been sent out of the country, but

TOLERATION IN

the revolutionists claim that all such Methodist Mission School and were foreigners and had given Church. Every room on the premprovocation. They claim that many ises but one was looted, two cabinet of these left "because of troubled organs, furniture, books, and clothconsciences," or for fear that they ing were carried out and publicly might be expelled.. The famous burned. Then the mob set fire to thirty-third article of the Consti- the building, which would have been tution was framed at a time when utterly destroyed had not the townsthese secret orders were giving people organized, armed themselves, trouble to the government. It em- driven off the mob and extinguished powers the authorities to expel from the fire. Probably 90 per cent. of the republic, without process of law, these townspeople were Roman any foreigner found meddling with Catholics who have thus incurred our politics. It is a tremendous power lasting gratitude. An inventory to place in the hands of any man, made out by a notary public of but the experience of the past called Queretaro puts :the damage at it into existence and it has. a special $13,800 silver. No complaint has terror for transgressors of the law. been lodged with the Government at Vashington because of this un- Other evidences of persecution are provoked attack on the Methodist mentioned, such as the outraging of property, nor for the indignities sufnuns, the desecration of sacred places, fered by both missionaries and native the burning of confessionals. All clergy during the past four years. such acts the Protestants emphatically condemn. Such things are a dis- A few hours after the Queretaro grace wherever and whenever they mob had done its work, General Villa oc<:ur. Good people of all creeds and General Gutierrez arrived in the lift their voices against them. In city, and on being informed of what the present case, however, these had happened, immediately sent men excesses were not the acts of the to repair the buildings. Two of the authorities or leaders of the revolu- ringleaders were arrested and would tion, but of irresponsible mobs, have been shot but for the earnest among which, at times, may have pleadings of the Methodist pastors, been found soldiers. who declared that they sought not revenge but simply the restoration of One concrete case will suffice to their property. Protestants and illustrate our meaning. After the Roman Catholics, alike, are suffering fall of the Huerta Government a the horrors of war in Mexico, and mob entered a Roman Catholic yet, these acts, like similar events in Church in the city of Queretaro, Europe, too awful to narrate, are brought out a confessional stall, and not be laid at the door of the leaders burned it in the streets. The Con- except in very rare cases. They are stitutional forces which entered the committed by degenerate soldiers or city soon after restored order. A irresponsible mobs. few days later, when these forces evacuated the city, and before the Two other charges have been rearrival of Gen. Villa's army, another peatedly made to the effect that mob sought to wreck revenge on the General Huerta was promised "that if

he Lecame a .Mason it would secure All the aLove has for its object him election and American recog- to show two things. First, that our nition." According to the New York Mexican brothers deserve a more Times of December 17th, Father sympathetic hearing on the part of McMahon publicly charged also that the American public than they have "recognition and support were hitherto received. Armed interven- offered to Huerta if he would em- tion is the last thing that ought to brace Protestantism." The first be considered. Secondly, historic charge is certainly open to doubt. Christianity in Mexico needs to be Irregular and irresponsible Masons, vitalized before it can adequately ful- of Wh0111 there are some in Mexico, fil its sacred mission among the may do reprehensible things, but the Mexican people. Historic Christian- Masonic Order, as stich, would never ity, with its splendid cathedrals and have done what is alleged in this religious pageantry alone, in the case. There is no Masonic con- centers of the country, are not suffi- spiracy in Mexico. cient. Roman Catholics and Protes- " The second charge is a most sur- tants alike must go into the towns, hamlets and rural districts in the prizing piece of news. I have been simplicity of primitive Christianity, the dean of the missionary corps in and 111 the spirit of its Divine Mexico City for several years, and Head, until every last man and intimately associated with the native woman of these 16,000,000 111clergy for a much longer period. habitants has been lifted out No stich offer could have been made of degradation, superstition and without my knowledge. Moreover, idolatry, and has been brought into all readers of the MISSIONARY vital touch with "the God and Father REVIEW will know that no Protestant of lIS all." When that glad day apcould ever make such an offer. It is proaches, as the immortal Lincoln absolutely contrary to the genius of declared, "Mexico will rise again," Protestantism, and the man who and her people "will learn war no could offer any worldly or political more." Protestant Christianity, with consideration as a motive" for joining his church would be unworthy of membership in any Protestant or- the open Bible, the living Christ, and ganization. The only door of en- a liberal education, stall(~s now as trance is by repentance and faith in always for those forces that will Jesus Christ. hasten the coming of that glad day; MODERN CHRISTIANITY Modern Christianity is rapidly recovering the social impUlse of its earliest days. It is glowing once again with the old fire. The fatalist-whether he wear the garments of materialism or of predestination-does not count in the forward march of the Christian army to-day. The Church is convinced that a Christianity which does not go about "doing good" is not the Christianity of Christ. A religion which ignores the healing of the body is not the religion of Him who "took our infirmities, and bore our diseaseS." A religion which ignores child labor and child mortality is not the religion of Him who took the children in His arms. A religion which has nothing to say about vice and crime in the modern city can not claim kinship with the power that speaks out ih the great apostolic letters to Corinth and Rome and Ephesus. A faith that merely hopes the will of God will be done in heaven as it is not on earth, is not the faith of the Lord's Prayer.-W. H. P. Faunce.

E. HIGGINS-THE LUMBERJACKS' SKY

The Lumberjacks' Sky Pilot BY RE V. THOMAS D. WH I T T LES, NORTH EAST, PEN N S YLVA N IA Autho r of "The P a ri ~ h of the Pines"

fJN o messenger of religion the great forests of the north has left a broader trail and west, where he blazed the trail, and founded the mission to . in the lumber districts lumberj acks and riverpigs. The tale of the camps can never be writ- of the United States ten without telling the story of Hig- gins. In bunkhouse and byway he than Frank Higgins, delivered his message of regenera- the well-known Sky Pilot. For nearly twenty years he was active as a missionary in

tion, in city and town he graphically the response that he, who a moment told the narrative until the chur~hes ago had desired to lead an army of were awakened to participate in his stumps to victory, fled to the cover unique labor of love. His message of the forest, pursued by the convul- went beyond our national boundaries, sive laughter of his friends. Year!'

and Canada and England listened afterward, when commenting on this with responding interest. incident, he said, "You see, it was a Francis Edmund Higgins was sermon to men after all."

born forty-nine years ago in Toron- Men were always his auditors, and to, Canada, of Irish parentage. His among the stumps of many a far-off boyhood years were passed on a pinery he preached with results that farm north of Toronto, and the great caused mothers and angels to laugh factor that entered into them was in gladness.

the godly spirit of his stepfather, He was twenty years old when he who by life and precept led young returned to Toronto and entered the Higgins into the presence of the sixth grade of the city schools. He Nazarene. Many times I have heard remained there until he completed his Frank Higgins declare, "For my re- second year in the high school. At ligion I am indebted more to my twenty-five he returned to Dufferin stepfather than to any other person. county and was licensed to preach on He pointed to higher things, and led the Rosemount Circuit of the Metho- the way." . dist Church. The Methodist breth- No sooner had Higgins experi- ren found Higgins an unusual propo- enced ,religion than he began to sItIon. He could not, would not, propagate it, and through his per- work along the normal conservative suasion m 0 s t of his companions lines, but insisted on going his own joined the company of believers. A pace and along new trails. Finally, semi-weekly prayer meeting was or- they decided to dispense with his ganized in the school house, Frank services for three sufficient reasons Higgins leading the first meeting, -first, he was too old to study for and nine of the young men who at- the ministry; second, he was too ig- tended these gatherings afterward norant; and third, he had 110 relig- became preachers of the Gospel. ion.

Long before he united with the So it has ever been, the truly great Church the desire to preach possest have been misunderstood. To Frank him, and daily he discoursed to the Higgins' religion alone was his great- stumps while laboring in the fields. ness due. His love for Christ was Once, at the climax of an eloquent the spring of his service. His relig- sermon, as he vigorously chided the ious life was too natural, simple stumps for their inactivity, and with and unaffected, however, for the boyish enthusiasm bade them un- understanding of many, and even in sheath their swords and possess the later years some doubted him. But promised land, his stepfather and the thousands of lumberjacks have rea- hired man, who were unsuspected son to thank God for the man who listeners, thrust their heads above the knew no cant, whose life retained silent audience.. So unexpected was the simplicity of childhood, and

LUMBERJACKS' SKY PILOT

FRANK HIGGINS CONDUC'IING A CA.MP MEETING his beloved lumberjacks. Here he learned of the roaring "riverpigs" whose love for Christ brought him and wilful "timber savages," and the into closer relation with the Ishmaels unconventional 'love of the Higgins of humanity. heart went out to them with a desire that was stedfast to the end. The The opinions of men, however, unchurched for est e r s became his could not deter Frank Higgins. He hearers, and by the swift-flowing was determined to preach, and hear- streams and in the low-built bunking of the mission needs of Minne- houses, he declared to them, Christ's sota, he crossed the boundary and way of reformation and salvation. was appointed to the Annandale Methodist Church. After two years From that spring day in Barnum there he went to Hamline University, his marriage tie to the lumberjacks supporting himself by preaching on was never broken, never strained, the Sabbaths. The presiding elder and in his a'fter-work at Bemidji he found the Irish Canadian a problem devoted more effort to the camp men hard to solve and two years later than he did to the congregation he Higgins was left without an appoint- had been sent to serve. It was this ment, and his school-days closed. devotion to the lumberjacks, and the The man· had not yet found him- time it took from his studies, that self. caused his ordination to be so long withheld. The Presbyterians found He had been raised a Presbyterian him as hard to understand as had the and, when in 1895 the way opened for him to enter the service of the Presbyterian Church at Bar n u m, Minnesota, he gladly returned to the denomination of his youth. It was ilt Barn.um that he fou1~d himself and

Methodists, but finally, in 1902, he churches and to raise funds for the was ordained by Duluth Presbytery. 1111SSlon. The following March, In the fall of that year Higgins while visiting the Montana camps, he resigned his position at Bemidji and received additional injuries in a rail- accepted appointment u n d e r the road wreck at Thema. He was car- Evangelistic Committee of the Pres- ried to Spokane for treatment, and byterian Church. His entire time while in the hospital it was discov- was given to camp work, and the ered that sarcoma had developed :It byways of the Minnesota forests the point of the former fracture, have never known a more devoted which necessitated an operation. Al- and persistent traveler than this mes- tho two-thirds of the left collarbone senger to the "down al1d outs." No was removed, he recovered quickly camp was too far away, no man and returned to his labors. Then the was too low to reach. He knew no right collarbone showed evidences of respect of persoris, no class, but to the disease~ and on the 1st of Octo- millionaire and pauper preached thc ber, 1914, he again submitted to the same unfaiLng Gospel. The comforts knife. Evidently the bones had been of home, so dear to most of us, were weakened by the packs he had car- forgotten when the privilege of ser- ried from camp to camp.

vice presented itself. The rebuffs After the second operation the Sky that discourage weak men found him Pilot gradually lost his great physical clad in the armor of hope. He had strength, but he would not rest.

a message, and with God's help he Vithin four weeks he was again on would deliver it-and the help of the rostrum pleading for his "boys"

God he never doubted. in the woods, ancl continned to do After the logging camp work was this nntil within a month of his transferred from the Evangelistic death. A few days before Christ- Committee to the Home Board it mas he went to his boyhood home in grew from a Minnesota work to one Shelburne, Ontario, and there, in the of national dimensions,' and at the afternoon of January 4th, he entered present time nine states have organ- irito rest. A wife and daughter and ized work under the care of the thousands of friends suffer a per- Board. For this increasing work sonal bereavement in. his departure.

Frank Higgins raised most 'of the On Janm.ry ninth, the body that needed money in his appeals to the had so often carried the pack over churches, and few men have ex- the long trails, was laid away at perienced a more hearty response. Rockford, Minnesota, but the spirit H i g gin s grew with his work, lives in the lives of men made better, broadened mentally and spiritually in the camp missionaries he inspired, with his ever-widening view of the and in the city dwellers who learned vision. Every success made him more through him a new message of lowly, and his constant prayer was brotherhood. The piney trail has led "make me more worthy, more useful." to the heavenly landing, and I doubt In November, 1913, Higgins frac- 110t the Divine Scribe entered beside tured his collarbone, but in spite of the name of the Lumberjacks' Sky discomfort he continued to address Pilot the sufficient word-Love!

Indian Peyote

BY MRS. DELAVAN L. PIERSON lf"TIHE efforts of St. Paul the red man. The blossom, when to rid the Corinthian dried and eaten, intoxicates to de- Church of the excres- lirium, and gives enchanting exag- cences of heathenism gerations of color, and of sound, and ~ which clung to their of time. It is popularly known as worship are being "mescaL" duplicated to-day by a brave company of men and women who are The early Franciscan fathers found fighting to save the American Indians the worship of the peyote so firmly from the degrading cult of Peyote entreflched in the religion of the worship, which has spread its blight Mexican Indians that, as a comfrom Mexico to Canada within the promise, they transferred its miraclelast fifteen years. working powers to a calendar saint- Santa Nina de Peyotes, and in the SAMPLES OF THE '''MESCAL BUTTONS'" village of Rosales there stands to-day a little wooden image of Saint Nina Natural size of the top of the cactus plants used in as she is said to have suddenly ap- peyote worship peared among the peyote plants on the hillside. Around her neck, as a Growing on the rocky ledges of sort of rosary, hangs a chain of the the hills in Central and Northern blossoms. Mexico is a diminutive cactus, known in Spanish as the Peyote, but called Altho no Indian rites center around by the Indians since prehistoric times that statue now, the pernicious mescal "the plant of Life," and' held sacred cult or peyote worship spread from by them as a special gift of God to that center to the Kiowas and Comanches of Southwestern United States. It has journeyed steadily northward, dropping off its pagan elements and clothing itself with Christian rites, until now it mas- querades as the special revelation of Christ for ,the red man, and the places of meeting are called "God's tent."

The Indians use a decoction of the plant for baptismal and communion services, and account it holy water for purification purposes. 'They give it in large doses as medicine for all ailments, and pour it into the ears of new-born infants. Many cases of im- becility, insanity, and suicide are directly traceable to its use. They affirm that it is a specific for tuber-

culosis and for certain loathsome plant is a great asset in the propagadiseases. tion of the "gospel of the bean."

It is argued by the Indians that The Indian'. Territory the eating of the "mescal. bean," or peyote, destroys the taste for liquor The following are verbatim ex- -and in a measure this seems to be tracts from documents sent to Washtrue. A peyote debauche is never ington by leaders of the Winnebago accompanied by acts of violence, so Indian Peyote Church: that it is, from the standpoint of the guardians of the law, the lesser evil. "We have adopted a form of wor- Many officials have strongly seconded ship in which we use the medicine petitions drawn up by the Indians, and have f,orwarded to our Govern- * generally referred to as the mescal ment in Washington personal requests that no legislation be con- but which is known to us as the sidered which would take from the "peyote." We feel that we are en- Indians "the peyote button, which titled to exercise one of those first they treasure more than their prop- and fundamental principles estaberty." lished in this country-the right to worship God in freedom and accord- This last statement, made by an ing to the dictates of our own conofficial in charge of the Kiowas and sciences. We prize this medicine as Comanche Indians, is, alas! only too highly as we do our farms, our true. A peyote-eater becomes an blankets, and our homes. . . . To idle, worthless member of society, us, this 'medicine' is a portion of loses all interest in improving his the body of Christ, even as the comgrant of -land, and will sacrifice any- munion bread is believed by other thing, however dear, to obtain the Christian denominations to be a porsacred bean. He defies all influences tion of Christ's body. We read in that tend to lift him out of this the Bible where Christ spoke of a degraded state. Comforter, who was to come. Long ago this Comforter came to the From the standpoint of the Chris- whites, but it never came to the Intian missionary, peyote-eating presents dians until it was sent by God in the more than a mere physiological form of this holy medicine. We problem. It is not alone a "dope" know whereof we speak. We have which the pure food laws should tasted of God, and our eyes have legislate into the class with morphine, been opened. It is utter folly for opium, and cocaine, it is a system of scientists to try and analyze God's worship inimical to Christianity. It body. No white man can understand has its roots deep in the historic it. It came from God. It is. a part past of the red race, and because of of God's body. God's Holy Spirit is this it makes the strongest kind of enveloped in it. It was given excluan appeal to the Indians. They hail sively to the Indians, and God never it as a revival of an ancient religion intended that white men should underaltogether their own, as against the stand _it. Our ranks are constantly white man's foreign religion, and the increasing in numbers. . . . It (this mysterious drugging power of the religion) will never cease nor falter *uYesca1," a Mexican term, meaning "booze."

AMERICAN' INDIAN PEYOTE WORSHIP

till every Indian within the boun- one day: 'My friends, I am glad I daries of our great country has can be here and worship this medilearned the truth and knows God as cine with you, and we must organize God intends they shall know him." a new church and have it like the Mormon church.' Whenever they A description by eye-witnesses of pray in meeting, they put the bean the services held weekly in the on a white cross or a white napkin "mescal" meeting-house will help us on the ground, and they touch the to form a just idea of how much the bean first, and they touch their lips, Indians are being helped to "know and they hold up their hands, and God" by this method of direct com- they rub their breasts, and then pray munication through 'the mouth.

AMERICAN INDIANS AT MESCAL-WORSHIP IN A TENT AT WINNEBAGO, NEB. The mescal, or peyote, is in front of the man in the center Peyote worship seems to have at- to the peyote, and then to God. They tained its highest development among consecrate themselves to the peyote. the Winnebagoes, and the following They begin taking the medicme along description is given by an Indian at- about dark, and when they pass it tendant of that tribe: they ask you how many you want, and urge you to take more. The "The leader sits in the center of medicine doesn't work right away, but the circle and has twelve apostles, after it begins to take effect along six on each side of him, drest in toward midnight, they begin to cry white. Rattles, gourds, and drums and sing and pray, and stand and are beating time. They baptize you shake all over; and some of them with a tea made from the peyote. just sit and stare. One of the 'mescal Then you drink some of the tea and eaters' said: .'1 see Jesus' picture in they make signs on your forehead the bean tea.' The women have no with it, and then they take an eagle part in the mescal meetings, only to wing and fan you with it. I heard eat the beans. and they lie around an educated Indian say in meeting

the corners of the room like a lot of spiritual visions follow after. Several dOgs. They do very bad things, so leaders in the Indian work have taKen it is like they lose all their ashamed- the drug that they might know the effects, and that these effects might ness." be scientifically noted by physicians. A mission worker visited the serv- Effects of the Drug ice among the Poncas. "The meeting place," she writes, "was overcrowded The following experiences of Inand overheated with the large central dians are told in their own words:* altar which is kept constantly burning. ·1 found that the members were "After I ate peyote the first time composed of the educated young I was kind of afraid of it. It made Ponca men, who, tho long past the me feel kind of dizzy and my heart days of paint and feathers, were de- kind of thumping, and I felt like corated with them, and frequently crying. They told me this was bewore a Catholic rosary in their hair. cause of my sins. When I shut my The peyote was served by their leader, formerly assistant carpenter of the eyes it makes me nervous, because I Ponca· Agency. I was informed by members of the cult that out of the see things I don't see when my eyes bean, lying on the crescent-shaped are open. I was sick to my stomach, altar in the center of the tent, would and trembled all over. After I had emerge the body of our Savior, visible taken twelve beans I saw a mountain only to those who partook "Qf a suffi- with roads leading to the top, and cient number of beans to obtain this people drest in white going up these concession from Deity" To their wild roads, and I sawall sorts of colors songs and ~he incessant beating of the and arrows began to fly all· around tom-tom was added the deadly nar- me. I began to perspire freely, and cotic influence of the peyotes, as all to' hear voices just like they came eyes remained intently fixt upon the from all around the ceiling. After I altar. At times incense was thrown ate thirty-six of these peyote I got on the altar, and the fragrance wafted just like drunk, only more so, and I by the leader over the sacred bean. felt kind of good, but more good than A modern corruption of the historic when I drink whisky. I just felt peace-pipe was pa"ssed around in the as I could throw my arms out and form of a cigaret, and at midnight my arms left me and went off in the the communion cup–peyote tea-was air. And I felt I was all going to given. I sat between two educated pieces. Everybody that I saw looked Poncas, one ate fourteen beans, and so much larger. Whenever you eat stated that ne could eat forty. The these beans it makes you {eel more· limitation is reached when nature whatever you are thinking about, and rebels "and uncontrollable nausea sets so if anyone has passions it makes in. The' tc:int at this stage is dis- him feel more so. The lead~rs tell gusting in the extreme." as an argument, that if you belong "'This process is recognized as that to the society you can indulge yourof repentance, and'the casting out of self all you please. The treasurer of the sacred peyote society was sitting all sin from the body. The uplifting *From a" r~port to the vovernllJent gathered by the CommissIOner of Indian Affairs of the D… partment of the Interior.

INDIAN PEYOTE WORSHIP

next to me, and I asked him if he lazy. We have our meetings Satur- heard young kittens. ,It sounded as day night, because we don't work on if they was right close to me, and Sundays. Many are getting blind then I sat still a long time. They say who use this medicine very much; that if you eat this bean, it will cure When I was eating it I just saw you from whisky drinking, and it flames shooting out from my eyes, makes you saving and a better worker. and I could not sleep or close my I know this is noLtrue. I have royes. One man ate seventy-five been to Sioux City with many of the beans, and it killed him, so they re- Mescal Society, and got drunk with 1 duced the dose to twenty or thirty.

them on whisky. I am sure that if I think I was killing myself, and my I had kept on taking the mescal I mind was going. The Government would have died, because I. nearly ought to stop this, because it is worse died as it was." than whisky."

Another Indian says, "I was sick, and I took six big beans of mescal An Agent'. Experiment to make me well. They told me to One of the agents of the Cheyenne think about the Spirit. After I took arid Arapahoe Agency, who experi- the medicine about three hours' I mented with the plant, says: "I do began to fed like I was going to be not believe that any person under dead. It feels like my blood would the influence of this drug could pos- stop running and my heart moves sibly commit murder, for crime seems very slow. When it nearly stops I absolutely foreign to the state of began to see things, and I see every- mind which exists. The thoughts are thing moving around me-snakes and rather along the line of brotherly love.

all kinds of animals, just like circus An incident occurred during the test.

pictures passing me, and many ani- My physician saw a young bird which mals I hever see before. I see pic- had fallen from a tree. He lifted it tures of the devil with red clothes up to replace it in a nest. This is and horns. After this I began to what he really meant to do, but it fe<:l good and happy, more so than seemed to me that he was undertaking when I am drunk on whisky. I ~as to bring about universal brotherhood happy all night, and I felt like in the' bird kingdom!"

laughing all the time. Something It was hoped that the young Gov- was laying on the floor in the corner ernment-educated Indians would re- of the room, and I was verymtich volt from such superstitious rites,and afraid of it;, but I feel very foolish, that peyote worship would die out and I know something was wrong with the old Indians, but it is not with' my head, because it was my doing so. The Government is not overshoes! When breakfast was sufficiently recognizing it as an evil, cooked' I was hungry, but could not and thousands of these peyote buttons eat because my mouth was all covered are coming unchallenged into our In- with, that stuff. It seemed like red dian schools, sent by the parents of fleas was walkirig' all' over me. 'I the children. School-hays run away rlever feel like I could do anythjng from school to attend mescal meet- when I eat mescal. It makes me' feel ings, ,:an~ always: return· mentally de-

ficient and incapable of study for These statistics were gathered several days. several years ago. To-day's figures would present a still more disturbing The younger men are attracted to comparison. its use, not only because of its pleasurable sensations, but because Many Christian Indian congregathey can rise to leadership as mescal tions are a sad sight resembling those prophets in these lodges and gain of the war zone. The aged and the prominence which, under the old re- children are there, but the youth who gime, was denied them. "Old, ignor- should be the present-day strength ant, full-blood Indians," says one who of the Church have been lured away knows, "will part with considerable by the peyote habit. sums of money and property just for the privilege of shaking the hand of The Indian'. Appeal the spiritual leader and receiving his blessing at one of these ceremonial In December, 19II, the Kickapoo meetings." Indians of Kansas 'sent to the Honor- able Commissioner of Indian Affairs A regular missionary propaganda, at Washington the following appealsimilar to that of the Mormon church, ing note: is carried on by the more established "peyote lodges." Attractive young "We most earnestly petition you to men are sent out by twos to visit help us keep out the peyote from our other reservations and encourage their people. We realize that it is bad for cult. In~ians to indulge in that stuff. It makes them indolent, keeps them At present nearly all the buttons from working their farms and taking come in from Mexico free of duty, care of their stock. It makes men and there is no restriction on their and women neglect their families. sale, unless we call the statutes We think it will be a great calamity enacted in Oklahoma in 1909 restric- for our people to begin to us~ the tive. There were no provisions made stuff. If the Government has any for the' enforcement of this law, and power to keep the, people from bringit is a dead letter. ing this stuff on Indian lands, we most earnestly petition you to send Two organizations, one Christian our superintendent instructions to and the other peyote-users, both com- take action against the introduction posed largely of the younger element of peyote on the Kickapoo reservaof the tribes, presented the following tion in 'Kansas. We urge you to telling statistics: take immediate action before the stuff gets hold of our people." Christ-worshippers Per cent. In the three years that have passed since the letter was sent to Washing- Self supporting …………….50 ton, the peyote habit has invaded the Partially self-supporting .•.••…. 33 Kickapoo Indian Reservation, brought Idle ….••..•………. ',' .2-3 of 1 by zealous Cheyenne and Arapahoe Non-able-bodied .•……….•.• 10 delegates from Oklahoma. To whose charge will the guilt be laid? And Peyote-worshippers when will we learn that the King's Per cent. business requireth haste?

Self supporting …………….21 Partially self-supporting .•.•.•.•4O Idle ..•…………………•.•10 Non-able~bodied '••.•…••••••••26

Test of Discipleship 'f

BY THE REV. HUGH L. BURLESON, D.D. Secretary of the Dome.tic and Foreign Missionary Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church mT HE story is told of a points of contact between our Master saintly professor of and the souls He is seeking, or whether theology who was met we may not become centers of inter- by one of his students ference? I am reminded of one clergy- and was asked this man of our own communion-I am abrupt question: "Doc- thankful to say he is not representative tor, do you believe in the Incarnation?" -who on being reminded that he and His reply was: "My dear fellow, the his little congregation had, through a Incarnation is taking place every day. space of five years, done nothing to ex- The Divine life is entering into human tend the Kingdom of God outside their relations and the living Christ is com- own borders, S'ent this brief response: ing to dwell in human bodies." Do you not see how this brought the idea down "My dear. Sir: I am very sorry that from the realm of dogmatic theology we can not help your work." and made it concrete as a matter of personal religious experience? Per- Do you not see where he had arhaps it did not categorically answer the rived? In spite of his sworn disciplequestion in the student's mind, but it ship, in spite of his acknowledged remust have answered the cry of his soul. sponsibility, he had come to think of Christ is seeking to be reincarnated in himself as concerned only with the welus. He asks us to become his human fare of a single congregation, while my feet to carry the message, his human work was to preach the Gospel in all hands to minister to his brethren, his the world, and he exprest a perfunchuman voice to tell the old, old story. tory regret that he could not assist me This is the test of discipleship. in it! It was very much as tho some county in England, on being asked to And what is a disciple? Surely, one send troops, should reply to Lord who follows a master and learns of Kitchener: "My dear Sir: Weare very him; ~ne who with listening ear and sorry that we can not help your war." eager heart strives to reproduce that But it isn't Kitchener's war, and if :;0, master's message for the world. That, it is doomed to failure from the start. I take it, is the attitude of us all, for I am speaking to those who are in the It isn't even the war of the men in closest way the sworn disciples of the trencheS'. If it is not England's Jesus Christ, and his interpreters to his war, it is worse than useless. I ask, brethren. therefore, do we realize" as a test of our discipleship, our responsibility for Weare indeed disciples, but wherein the entire enterprise? Let me say that do we find the test of discipleship? Let the criMcal place in the mission field is me mention briefly three things, which not in the mission field, but in the pews for our present l>urpose may constitute of our churches and in the hearts of such a test. our pastors. Our sense of responsi- bility is a real test of our discipleship. I. The first is responsibility. Do we not need to ask ourselves, 2. The second test is brotherhood. again and again,' whether we are really Slow as it has been in permeating the human race, the spirit of brotheI'- "From Men and Missions. Summary of address delivered at the Ministers' Convention in Rocbester, N. Y.

hood is the essence of Christ's religion. forever impossible, and the means Yet how perfunctorily and inadequately thereto is in the Gospel of Jesus Christ. this sense of brotherhood is sometimes Other devices have led only to bitter exprest. I confess to a sense of ex- disappointment. They have told us that asperation at the "good works" of some education would do away with war, and of our Christian congregations. They yet the nation which claims the great- talk about their Master's mission as est enlighte1'lment throws down the tho participation in if were a "work of battle-gage. They told us that com- supererogation," to which a special sort merce would do it; that civilization of reward should be attached. They wDuld dD it; that armaments would do conceive Df themselves as magnani- it. And all these theories 'were ex- mously dispensing spiritual riches tD ploded with the firing of the first gun. benighted and impDverished nations, About great armaments we ought never· and therefDre as entitled to plaudits to have been deceived. We were asked and resDlutions of gratitude. But the to believe that elaborate preparations spirit of brotherhood is the spirit of to commit wholesale murder were the sharing. Weare only decently honest best guaranty against murder I No I if we try to tell our brother of the brethren, there is only one peace in- great riches left for him in our Father's surance; it is in the hearts of men who will. To keep silence, while we our- have found their Christ, and been found selves enjoy the benefits, would be un~ of Him. And that power is strong thinkable for a true brother. 1£ we enough, if we can concentrate and· are to be real disciples we can not be- develop it, to influence the future of come blind allies of grace. We can no the world. This of all times is not the more stop to debate as to whether the yellow, or black or brown brother shall time to limit or intermit the world- hear about his Father's love for him, wide preaching of the Gospel of Peace.

than we can about the white brother. May I press upon you one closing Are we pressing this point of view thought? The tests of discipleship upon our congregations, or are we might easily be multiplied, but they are permitting them to continue, in a sort all alike in that they each present a .of spiritual snobbery to patronize the wonderful opportunity for us to know poor heathen so many times· a year? our Master. We miss our greatest joy and compensation if we have not looked 3. The third test of which I wish to into His heart of love and recognized speak is the "preparation of the Gospel His supreme passion. And what is that of Peace." passion? It is to bring al1 His Father's children home! Jesus would not have Since time began there has been no crossed the street of Jerusalem merely greater responsibility laid upon the am- to discuss theology with Nicodemus, but bassadors of Christ than that which He would come so far as from· the exists to-day. The Church faces her Throne of Glory to the Cross of Cal- greatest opportunity tD show herself vary to help Nicodemus understand Christian. We must, I believe, with all what His Father is like. our heart and strength try' tD create public opinion which shall make war 'Paganism values power as a means of exercising authority; Christianity .values power as a means of rendering service. Nor is this merely an ethical difference. Paganism reveres God because of His power and authority, and is a religion of fear. Christianity reveres· God because of His love and His freely offered service to His children, and is a religion of loyalty and hope.

A Bishop's Adventure In Mexico*

It is frequently very exciting, and sometimes expensive, to be an American bishop in Mexico, as illustrated by the following experience through which Bishop Aves and his family recently passed in GUadalajara, as told in a letter dated Christmas eve.

1.. O1· N December 17th, the beat him with their guns to make him night of Villa's entry tell where his master had his money (which was greeted hidden. They also deprived him of his blanket and shirt. . with great demonstra- I tried to reassure the family by . tions of rejoicing), at saying that they were "soldiers, who about 10 :30" as I was sitting alone reading-the other mem- had mistaken the house." But the light bers of the family having retired-I showed otherwise. They were bare- heard the chain on the front gate legged, wearing only breech-clouts, rattle and went to the door, turned on blankets, sombreros and sandals. When the light in the corridor and asked who the family and servants (and an Indian was there. The reply came "Please boy, who had come from the country come here." I thought it was the to attend our St. Andrew's 'School, and m030 (man-servant) from the next was passing the night with us) were door, where an old American lady was assembled, and the chief had become ill. assured that no other men were pres- I proceeded toward the gate, and ent he ordered his men to point their w):J.en within ten feet I saw some ten guns at my head while he said: or twelve men lined up with their "We must have from you at once rifles and pistols reaching through the ten thousand pesos, or we will take iron pickets of the fence. I was you and your son (Henry) with us "covered." "Soldiers," I thought, until it is paid."

"after some enemy, who have mistaken To this I replied, with a laugh the house." The leader demanded ad- (rather forced, it must have been), "I mISSIOn. I protested that I was an have no money for you. Weare American and had no one in hiding. Americans, as you may see by the "Open or we shoot I" was the answer. flag at the door. You have made a "I will get the key," I said, and mistake."

turned toward the house. "INe shall see," said the chief. "Show "No I No I Stand, or we will shoot. us the rooms. We must have your Call your mozo for the key." m~y. . . . "

I called Fidel, asleep at the rear of During the next naIf hour little the house. The calling awakened the Mary was with me. She played a family. splendid and useful P!lrt-comedy with When the gate was unlocked the a tragic setting. As soon as she joined leader took his position behind me with me I said to her (in English) : his pistol pointed over my right shoul- "We must play for time. Help will der and fifteen men followed to the come."

front door. Eight bandits entered the And we did. No key would readily house. Eight remained in the yard, fit tho they were grunting "Pronto, and a"s many more kept guard outside, prontol" Mary kept up a constant where they put Fidel on his knees and stream of talk (in Spanish). They -From The S{>irit of Missions (February).

demanded that she should show them is a bishop, you know-an American at once the safe (caja de fierre). bishop. See! Here is his cope, and this his chasuble, and this his mitre." "Oh yes, the safe! Come this way!" And she led them into the butler's "No, no, shut the box I We want pantry and showed them the ice-chest. money. Show us the safe 1" How greedily they pounced on it I And how the chunk of ice cooled their "Come this way, Captain." She ardor with its disappointment! tripped ahead into her own room, turned up the light and called out, "No, no, dinero puro I Dinero solo I "This is my room, Captain. Come in." Pronto !" (We filed in-past the safe.) Next she led them into the store- "Don't you think this is a pretty room, with its score of locked closets room, Captain? This is where I keep and drawers, which we proceeded (very my little jewelry. No, Captain, that sl~wly) to unlock. bracelet is not solid gold; but take it for your little girl. You have a little "You see, Captain, here is sugaT girl, Captain ? Yes, that little watch is only. And here is only flour. And gold; take it. YeS', that little watch is here-is-coffee," etc. silver. It will not run-but take it; it may please your little girl. No, there "N0, no, money! Only money!" is not money in that purse, I am sorry ~'Oh, yes I Well, we will now go to -oh, yes, fifty cents! No, the purse this next room." And we all filed is not silver, but your wife might like into the kitchen. it; take it," etc., etc. At this their patience, I felt, was Ilearly broken. Poking me with a The five men helped themselves to pistol in the back of the neck and everything that looked good, even to using some hard words, they followed clothing. Then they took Mary aside, us into Mrs. Aves' room. She had keeping me away with a pistol at my preceded us from another room under head, and with four pistols at her guard, and we found her trying to face and breast whispered to her. I divide equally between her two escorts soon heard her say, $71.00 in U. S. bills. Then Henry came under guard and found for them "No Captain, you shall not take away his Christmas savings of $50.00 in my mother! I am an American; I do Mexican. Then in answer to Mrs. not lie. Captain, have you a mother? Aves' pleadings to give them all I had And would you like to have your I produced from my pocket-book mother carried off? No! My father seventy-five dollars-Mexican. This only and my brother and I will die, die for whetted their greed. her." (You may imagine the despera- I warned Mary to keep them away tion of my helpless rage.) from the safe in which was a little jewelry, several hundred pesos and Just then a low whistle sounded outsome American money. It was kept side and the chief said "Vamonos I" in a clothes press between her room We filed out into the parlor. Mrs. Aves and mine. And she did. After con- was sitting where they had placed her ducting them into the bathroom she led ( with Henry near) and her guard the way to my bedroom. (who had shot himself) standing in. "This, Captain, is my father's room. his pool of blood. With the warning Here (opening bureau drawers) is 110t to leave the house until morning, where he keeps his clothes. (And they stole away. they took nearly all.) And in this big chest he keeps his vestments. He Fidel came in nearly naked and very cold. He said there were twenty-five besides others surrounding the house.

TO KEEP OUT OF DEBT

In a very few minutes, with the help have a little and (here he reached in .of a ladder (the bandits had IDcked his bosDm and drew out a clDth which the gate and taken the key) and the he unknotted, revealing a few small Indain bDY, we had warned the neigh- silver cDins) it is YDurs. And I will bDrs. Our material IDSS, including pray to God my thankS' that YDur lives three gold watches, jewelry, silver- are all spared." Of course I tDok it I ware, clothing and mDney, was not as SD beautiful an act wDuld not be great as it might have been, and YDU marred and so fine a spirit wDunded may be sure we are thankful the affair by a refusal. He had walked from waS' nDt more tragical. home-thirty miles-tD save that money, I must tell YDU .of a pretty little and he walked back feeling richer sequel. When the family was abDut than he came. I, tOD, am richer in to retire the Indian boy said tD me heart, with the feeling that not a few aside: "Now, by dear bishop, you have of these Indians are good and 'true and nD mDre mDney. YDU are pDDr. I' Christlike, and that all can be redeemed.

How to Keep Out of Debt AN IMAGINARY CONVERSATION IN THE BOARD ROOMS· [JTJ HE Traveled Layman entered the office of the Secretary and, began at once. "Suppose, .of course, you're greatly delighted at raising those debts!" "Yes, indeed, it takes a burden .off and makes better work pDssible." "Well, you're going tD plunge right into another debt, aren't you?" "I hope nDt; but of this year's incDme we can't be sure till the books are closed."

"Well, I came in to say that if there is another debt I am going to draw out. This isn't business, and I wDn't stand for it."

"Quite SD. I feel that way myself. In fact, I have SDme prDposals ready tD make to the Board in connectiDn with the next budget that will gD far tD CDrrect matters and make debt unlikely."

"Glad tD hear that. That sounds new and businesslike. But how are YDU going to dD it ? You can't make the people give more than they want tD."

"ND; that is nDt the idea. We must not ask them to give so much. In other wDrds, we must cut down .our budget."

"That's right. Now YDu're getting at it. The budget has been swelled abDve the giving capacity."

"YDU don't believe that, dD you? You mean beyond the willingness tD give."

"We won't quarrel about terms-the result is the same. We are spend- ing mDre than we can get."

"And my prDposal is that, since we must cut dDwn sDmewhere, and we have already pared the missionaries down to the discouraging and distressing point, we simply begin tD retrench by dropping our missiDns in India."

"India! Why, you don't mean the Teluga Mission, the 'Lone Star' field where they baptized 3,000 in a day-where Clough was?"

*From Mtssio…, February. 1915.

"Yes; that is South India." "Well, I can tell you the denomination wouldn't stand that, not for a minute. Why, that is preposterous." "Very well, I'll change the proposition. If you think it wiser, I'll propose that we get out of Japan." "Japan!" in a high voice; "at this time) when we've got to do all we can to keep on friendly terms or find ourselves run out entirely in our trade. Why, of course we can't leave Japan now. We might as well declare war at once, for the missionaries have saved the day for us so far." "That's true; but what can we do? I have no particular choice, and I'll make it China, then." "Are you crazy, man? China! Why, I was there myself and saw how the doors ate all· open to our missionaries, when they are shut to other folks. China is the biggest missionary field in the world to-day, and we ought to have ten tit):les the force we now have there. Don't talk about China, unless you want to take men from somewhere else and put them in there." "That's the way I used to talk, until you and the others like you said so much about running into debt that I saw it was no use, and we must do in- stead of talk. We haven't a mission that isn't undermanned at·present, and we are working our missionaries to death and denying them aid and the tools needed to work with. I have come to see that it is criminal to let things go on in this way, and that we might far better lop off a whole country and put the balance of our work in proper shape, and keep out of debt. So I don't see but it must be one field or another, and you can take your choice." "I won't make any choice. The Baptists wouldn't listen to any of these proposals. Just go up to the Convention with a proposal to drop China and see what would happen." "I know very well; and I know, too, that debate, however impassioned, and resolutions, however strong, will neither raise the money from the chutches nor sustain the missions. It is time the Convention and the denomination faced this matter with something besides resolutions. The Board is helpless; it can not make appropriations out of fine sentiments or even indignant protests. What can you suggest ? We mustn't go into debt, you say, and we mustn't reduce the appropriations-what on earth can we do?" "I hadn't seen the thing in just this light, I confess. Debts won't do, I'm as sure of that as ever, because they wear out the people's patience and get ,on the nerves. But it won't do to talk about cutting off any of our missions either, because the people won't stand that. As a business man, and I hope one of some sense, I can see only onc way out-I rather think we've got to hustle around and raise more money. I'll do my share, Mr. Secretary. And, say, don't put in that proposition just yet. Let's put it up to the Convention, and see if we can't organize a League of Individual Underwriters-five hUQdred or more of our laymen-who will help present this matter in a business way to the churches, and then stand back of the Board and see that there is no debt." "I think that if you could bring that about, the churches would rally to it,' and we could put the extra men in China, and begin to carryon our mission work as tho we realized that it was God's work and the noblest enterprise He has committed to us."

READER, WHAT SAY you? Olf . . . .~.~•. . . . r) i BEST METHODS ', . …'!!/."

CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK OBJECT TALKS AND EXERCISES FOR MISSIONARY RALLIES CHENECTADY has– Dollars for Self and Cents for Christ Three boys were on their way home . been trying some of the from Sunday-school one Sunday. Their S plans outlined in the names were Philip, Thomas, and James. A missionary from Afnca had just been , Best Methods Depart- telling them some wonderful stories about his work in the great Dark Con- ~ ment. One of these was tinent that Livingstone explored. He a May Missionary Rally had been very much in earr.est, for his heart was overflowing with love for the of all the Sunday-schools of Schenec- poor black creatures he was trying to teach about Christ. As he told 0'£ the tady and vicinity modeled after the wretched, degraded men who have no hope, either in this life or the life to Children's Rally at Harrisburg, Pa.'" It come, and of the downtrodden women ao.d helpless little children, the sympawas held under the auspices of the Mis·· thies of the toys had been deeply stirred.. They went away with a solemn feeling sionary Department of the Schenectady in their hearts. He had asked them to help, and they wanted to do it. Ori the County Sunday-school .Association, amI way home they talked of what they could do. was such a success that it is to be held "I always give to missions and every- thing else," said Phil. "I give something regularly in May of each year. every Sunday, don't you?" "No," said Tom, "but I give five or The program consisted of stories and ten cents when I think I can spare it- when I have a good deal of money and missionary hymns sung from memory don't want it for something special." "I give whatever father and mother by ·the children. It was printed in full give me for it," said Jim. "Sometimes it's more and sometimes it's less." in The Empire State Sunday-school "I always give my own money," .said Phil. "1 don't think it's any giving at Leader in July, and the title of one story all unless you do that." "That's the best way, I'm sure," said ("Dollars for, Self and Cents for Tom, soberly. "They say it's regular giving that counts, don't they?" Christ") made such an impression that "It means that what you give is just S'O much out of what you would like to requests for it have come from such dis- tant points as Nova Scotia and Texas.

As it appeared in The Indian Witness more than thirty years ago, and is now inaccesslble, we reprint it here, with some changes to bring it up to date.

The Best Methods Editor, who told it at the Rally, has used it many times.

To make it more effective, the items of expenditure should be written in a little account book, which the children will examine with eager interest at the close. As given here, it is a story for boys; but by changing the names and the expense items it can be made equal- ly effective for girls or young women.

The story should be told, not read.

·See'REVIEW for February, 1914. spend on yourself, doesn't it?" asked "Oh, stop, Uncle George; that isn't it 1 Jim, thoughtiully. That's when I was at Grandfather's, last summer, and I promised mother I would "Yes," said Phil, feeling very self- put down every cent I spent. She gave . denying and virtuous, "it does." me $5.00 for expenses, and wanted me to treat the boys." "I believe I'll try your ,way," said Tom. "And I'll keep an account, and see how But Uncle George did not seem to hear much it amounts to." and went on: The missionary had suggested that the August 8th: Baseball cap, 50 cents. Sunday-school children form little 5'0- August 10th: Chewing gum, 5 cents; cara- cieties to study and pray about missions mels, 20 cents.. and raise money. So the next afternoon August 12th: Shoe m~nded, 40 cents. several boys came to Phil's house to talk August 13th: Bananas, 25 cents. it all over. They decided to organize a August 14th; Missions, 5 cents; church, society, and Phil brought down his ac- 3 cents– count-book to take the names. [The story-teller here produces a small ac- "Please, Uncle, let me have it." count-book and lays it on the table.] A preamble in which there occurred many August 15th; Strawberry sundaes (for high-sounding words setting forth their the boys), 50 cents. resolves and intentions was composed and written in the book, and underneath August 16th:' Necktie, 25 cents. the boys sigped their names as charter- August 17th: Doughnuts, 15 cents. members of the society. That evening Augttst 18th: Ice cream soda, 10 cents. Phil's Uncle George came in after tea August 19th; Popcorn,S cents. and found the account-book lying on the August 20th; l'1eanuts, 10 cents; phos- table. phate, 5 cents; marbles, 5 cents. August 21st: Church, 2 cents; Sunday- "What's this, Phil?" he asked, pick- school, 1 cent. ing it up and turning the pages [the August 22nd: Jack knife, 50 cents. story-teller does likewise]. "I'm glad you don't forget your benev- "That's my account-book, Uncle. I olences, Phil," said his uncle giving up brought it down this afternoon to take the book at last with a suspicion of a the names of the boys and draw up reso- smile. lutions for cur missionary society." Phil was covered with shame and con- "May I read it? It isn't a secret so- fusion. He had not thought much ciety, is it?" about his expenditures, tho he had kept his promise to his mother to keep an ac- "Oh, no. You may read it.. I am count of the money with which she kept simply trying to work up the idea of him so liberally supplied. Now, in look- liberal giving to missions among the ing over the hasty entries [story-teller boys." looks over the pages], he was astonished.

"A most excellent idea," said his uncle, "Well, well!" he exclaimed, as he add-· trying to conceal his aqlUsement at Phil's ed up the items. "Most of it for my- rather pompous tone. "Let me see." self: $4.25 for eating and play and 17 [Story-teller reads from the account- cents given away. And I bragging to book.] the boys about giving regularly and sys- tematically I" August Srd; Ice cream soda, 10 cents; ball game, 25 cents; peanuts, 25 cents. Phil was a conscientious boy, and he could not help thinking how much this August 4th; Baseball bat, 35 cents. money would have done for missions. If August 6th; Candy, 15 cents. his mother had aimed to teach him a August 7th: Church, 4 cents; Sunday- lesson through his account-book, she had school, 2 cents–

DEPARTMENT OF BEST METHODS

succeeded. Presently he got up and journed to the lawn, where an exercise stood before the glass. was given by eleven children-ten girls "Now, my young man," he said, shaking his fist at the boyish face he saw representing the ten republics of South there [the story-teller does likewise], "this must stop. You know very well America and one boy representing the that a quarter for peanuts looks as small as a pin's head, and a quarter for giving Indians. The children were grouped at looks as big as a cart-wheel! It's gQt to stop, sir I This book isn't going to show the head of the map in a little clump any more accounts of dollars for self and cents for the Lord Jesus Christ." of trees, and came forward one at a time to take their places on the country they represented, and give some infor- . •.. I matlOn concernmg It..

The girls were drest in white, and each carried something typical of the LAWN MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA AT UNION COLLEGE, SCHENECTADY, N. Y.

A LAWN MAP AT UNION COllEGE country. Each had also a broad band across the breast, cut .from inexpensive Another plan tried at Schenectady last cream-colored cambric, with the name of year was an exercise with a grass map the country stenciled in black. These similar to those made at Birmingham were held in place by two knots of col- ored crepe paper, one fastened on the * and Rushden, England. right shoulder, the other belo.w the waist on the left side. The colors used were It was done at a porch meeting on the principal ones in the flags of the South America, held last August by the different republics. Woman's Missionary Society of Union Presbyterian Church. at the residence of It was a pretty and profitable exercise the president, Mrs. "Varren C. Taylor, and the map, which did not wash away on Union College Campus. On the lawn for many weeks, attracted a great deal Professor Taylor had outlined in mar- of attention. Many stopt to. examine ble-dust, applied with a funnel, a great it-postmen, delivery boys, and workmap of South America, measuring about men as well as chance visitors. 24 to 30 feet. At the close of the' program on the porch the company ad- So far as known this is the first time a grass map has been used at a mission- ·Described in Tm: REVIBW in May, 1914.

ary meeting in America. It proved a large country we need a great many planweII worth importing. For' an in- more. Will you not send themr'

door meeting the same idea could be Bolivia [a smaner girl holding some- ousredt~pthee map being outlined with string thing made of silver]-"I am Bolivia. on a large rug or' marked in I live next door to Brazil (looking up with chalk on the bare floor. The ex- at her) and feel very small by her side.

ercise used was as follows: r, too, supply you with precious metals and rubber. But more precious still are The Ten Republics of South A.nerica* the many souls who live in my bounds Argentine [holding a toy she~p]-"I without Christ. Argentina and Brazil am Argentine. I keep you supplied with are more fortunate than 1. I have to sheep, wheat, hides, frozen meat and be mostfy content with flying visits from sugar for the table. I am rather flat missionaries and colporteurs from the and uninteresting compared with the Bible Society. They bring us Gospels other republics (waves her hands to- and Bibles, but fe~ of my people know ward them), but I have an inJeresting how to read. We need missionaries so city called Buenos Aires, where people badly. But they would have to travel of all nations and languages are living. .on horseS' and mules, for there are no There are a few missionaries at work nice roads for bicycles and motor cars.

and many boys and girls in that city, are My country is very hilly for the wonder- being taught about the Good Shepherd, ful Andine Mountains run through me."

but we need many more. You owe a Chili [holding a piece of nitrate of debt of gratitude to me. Will you not soda or a jar of salsoda]-"I am Chili.

do something for my people in return? But my climate is not chilly I I am all Souls are more preciOtts than sheep and squeezed up by the side of Argentina the Bread of Life than wheat that and they tease me about being 'two perisheth." thousand miles long and two inches Brazil [a large girl with a bag of 'wide.' I was looked upon as' a barren coffee]-"I am Brazil, the biggest re- country until some clever person dis- public in South America. If I opened covered that I am full of nitrates. I my mouth wide enough I could swallow have coal, too, and petroleum. So, tho the whole United States and still have I am long and narrow, I am very rich- room for more I And. the greater part ,richest of all in precious souls who of me is unexplored. If it were not for need the message o,{ the Cross."

me you would all go short of coffee for Colombia [holding a piece of raw breakfast. And think of me every time rubber or something made of ru1;>ber]- you crack a Brazil nut! I also supply "My name is Colombia. I,.' too, grow you with bananas and oranges and rubber in my territory. I wish I could rubber for your bicycle'and motor tires. grow missionaries ! We need them so I f my rubber trees could speak they very badly here. I am not so very small would tell you stories of cruelty by and I can't see why I am so neglected.

wicked white men that would make you The South American Missionary So- ·weep. I am also full of hidden treasure ciety has one good missionary here and such as gold and diamonds. In the cities there are a few sent by the American and towns my people speak Portuguese, Presbyterian Church. But we need but it is not difficult to learn. We have many, many more; Please send them about 200 missionaries. But in such a soon."

· 'Condensed and adapted from a complete pro· Ecuador [rather a small girl holding g,-am on South America, coml1lled hY' Katha'ine A. a Panama hat]-"l am Ecuador. I am Hodge and published by the Evangelical Union of sandwi,ched between CoIom1;>iit and Peru ·South Arnerict,· 8 and 9 Essex Street, Strand, Loridon, W.C., England. Price 3 pence.

OF BEST

and am rather small compared with tains of difficulty in the way of giving my sisters. Cocoa and ivory nuts the Gospel to me, but only obey the abound in me, and raw rubber. I am Lord and Light shall come to my very hot, for the equator runs through people."

me. But missionaries can come to me Venezuela [holding a cocoanutJ-"I without fear of sunstroke, for I can am Venezuela. My condition is much keep any number of them supplied with the same as my sister republics–neg- Panama hats I My people need the lected and forgotten. The beautiful Gospel, so send us missionaries and Orinoco flows through me. South do not mind the heat." America is full of rivers, the mighty Paraguay [holding a Mate cup and Amazon, the River Platte. But the tube or a small bowl and a glass tube] River of Salvation-where is' it? Alas, 1-"1 am Paraguay. Nobody hears it is not here, for there are no chan- much about me, but I am very inter- nels. Will you not send missionaries esting nevertheless. I supply the con- to be channels through which the River tinent with Mate, the native tea. We of God may flow to us?"

do not drink it out of cups and The Indian [holding a bow and saucers as you do, but draw it through arrow]-"I represent the Indians.

a bombi11a or tube. A few mission- There are hundres of tribes in the aries have been working among my interior. You will find us in every people for years, and there are bright republic-in the rubber forest, on the rays of light where they have been. banks of the Amazon, on the Andine But we need so many, many more." Mountains, in the Land of Fire at Peru [holding. a nugget of gold, or the foot of the continent. The great something that looks like itJ-"1 am Darwin thought one tribe of our dusky Peru. I am sure you must know brothers was the 'missing link,' but he something about me, for my history is afterward acknowledged his mistake.

so thrilling and romantic; Prescott's We, too, have souls that Jesus died to 'Conquest of Peru' is more exciting save. Hundreds of us have never than any English novel you can read. heard the Gospel, and no one can Let me tell you something my sister speak our many tongues. Some of us republics have not told you. We have are civilized, but most of us are wild an enemy. Can you guess her name? and savage. The great enemy of the It is Rome and she has worked tiS republics (waves his hands toward lots of harm. But we need not fear them) is our enemy too. Rome has her any longer, her power is broken. taken everything from us–our liberty, We have had a few missionaries but our homes, our children. What has now you have a great opportunity to she given us in return? Oppression send us many more. They will receive and slavery. We must toil on the a great welcome." farms and work in the mines. The Uruguay [a very small girl with a rubber-gatherers hunt for us as they model of a cow]-"I am Uruguay. I hunt for wild beastS'. Unless we bring am so small I am afraid you will not in enough rubber, we are .beaten, notice me at all. But you have heard starved, tortured, and then killed or of my port, Monte Video. It means, left to die in the forest. Our blood 'I see a mountain.' South America is cries to you from the riversides, the full of mountains, and Jesus said, 'If plains and the forests. Hundreds of.

thou shalt say to this mountain, be thou us pass away yearly into Christless removed and cast into the midst of the' graves. Is it nothing to you?"

sea, it shall be done.' There are moun- At the close the ten republics and

the Indian unite in singing "Rescue The talk to be given with the dolls ·the Perishing," or some other appro- is as follows: priate hymn. "I am going to tell you a story to- TEN LITTLE INDIANS· day about a boy named Jack, whose An Object Talk on Giving —-_ …

F or this exercise ten home – made Indian'

dolls and a mite-box, – – – – – …. ,, with a penny inside, will be necessary. To I tI make the dolls, take ten pennies with Indian I heads on them (if bright ones can not be :IJI~I~~~. had, scour some old ones) and glue them to strips of cardboard three – eighths of an inch wide and two inches long. (See fig- father gave him ten little Indians to ure 1.) These will do what he pleased with. Perhaps form the heads and necks of the Indians. you would like to see them. Here they For the bodies use clothespins-the are (open the box or basket containing patent kind with springs. Insert the cardboard strips in these with the penny and about a quarter of an inch of the cardboard protruding. The springs will hold them in position.

To make the dresses cut ten rect- angles, four inches by six, from brown wrapping paper and fold them through the middle crosswise. With the fold at the top draw on each the outline shown in figure 2. With the sheets still double cut on the dotted lines and make slashes to represent fringes, three-quarters of an inch deep for the sleeves and one inch for the bottom of the skirt. Slip the dresses over the heads of the dolls and tie in around the waist with red ribbon. To make the dolls stand up, glue the clothes-pins to circles of heavy cardboard one and a half inches in diameter. (See figure 3)· 'This little talk, given by the Best Methods the dolls and stand them on a table editor at Union Presbyterian Church last year on where all can see them). Can you see' Children's Day, is especially appropriate for this year when so many are studying about the North their faces? Each little Indian is on American Indians. The seed-thought came from a Iit.tle poem in "Missionary Gems for Juniors. H – B. M. B.

OF BEST METHODS

a copper cent! (If one little Indian is The eighth little Indian he traded off held close to the children they will for marbles (remove number 8). Then quickly discover the penny-head&). there were two. The marbles were fine ones, but they all ran away-rolled Jack was delighted to have so many down the register where no one could Indians to do just what he pleased get them.. with. He decided at once to make them buy things for him. So he took With the ninth little Indian Jack one into a store and exchanged him for bought a popcorn-ball (remove number a penny top (throw one Indian down 9). Then there was one. But the into a box or basket out of sight). popcorn went so fast, Jack wondered Then there were nine. It was great where he'd put it. fun spinning the top. But one day Jack lost the peg and the fun had to The tenth little Indian, the very last stop. of all, Jack put in his mite-box and there he kept it close (remove number He took the second little Indian to 10 and produce a mite-box with a a candy-shop and handed him over the penny inside). Jack could hear him counter for a lolly-pop (remove Indian dancing (shake the mite-box) and number 2). Then there were eight. making merry all alone. Then Jack The lolly-pop was good, very good began to wish he had the other nine indeed, but before Jack knew it was that he had spent. all eaten up. That is what Jack did with his The third little Indian he traded off little Indians. Do you think he was for jack-stones (remove number 3). a wise boy? The nine that he spent Then there were seven. The jack- for eating and playing did not do him stones were fine fun, but there was a very much good, did they? They are hole in Jack's pocket and one day he all gone and the things he bought with found them all mis·sing. them are gone too. What has he left? Just the one he gave to God. That is The fourth little Indian he invested always the way. The only things we in a penny whistle (remove number 4). really keep are the things we give Then there were six. The whistle away. They are laid up as treasure in made a jolly noise. But he blew it heaven, and when we go to God we in school one day. You know what will find them again. happened-the teacher took it away! That is one lesson the little Indians The fifth little Indian rolled down a can teach us. But there is another. crack (remove number 5). Then there Suppose we put them all up on the were five. Jack had been fooling with table again, those Jack used for him: this little Indian, tossing heads and self all together, the one he gave to tails. Suddenly, to Jack's dismay, the God by itself (put the Indians back little fellow ran away. on the table as suggested). How many did Jack spend on himself? Nine. With the sixth little Indian Jack How many did he give to God? One. bought a big fat doughnut (remove Look at those nine standing all tonumber 6). Then there were four. gether and then look at that poor lonely The doughnut was delicious, but it was one. It does not seem as tho he ha'd gone in half a minute. given a very large proportion, does it? Yet he gave one out of ten, and that The seventh little Indian went into is what God asks us to give. But a slot-machine to get a piece of gum many Christians think it entirely too (remove number 7). Then there were much. three. Jack chewed and chewed and chewed, but at last got tired and threw the gum away.

When anyone gives a tenth, we call "Of such is the kingdom of heaven," it tithing. I wish that now, while you Our Lord Jesus' Christ has said; are children, you would make it the rule of your life to tithe all you get. He wants not only the white ones, When anyone gives you ten cents, But the black, the brown and the red. first of all (not last of all, like Jack) put aside one penny for God. Then My story is first of our Northland, God will bless you. How do I know? Alaska's great mountains and vales, He says so in the Bible. Listen (take tip a Bible and read from it Malachi Where children are waiting in darkness 3 :10)-HBring ye all the tithes into the For the Light that never fails. storehouse, that there may be meat in my house, and prove me now herewith, Even tho you have never heard it, saith the Lord of hosts, if I will not There are little white people out West open you the windows of heaven and pour you out a blessing that there shall Who have never heard of our Jesus, not be room enough to receive it." And how in Him we are blest.

UNCLE SAM'S LITTLE CHILDREN Many little folks live in the mountains-:- Mountaineers, they are called, I am told; This little exercise, reprinted from They need all the help we can give them, The Sunday School Times (January They are out of the great Shepherd's 24, 1903), was' prepared by Amy Brain fold. Taylor, to show the scope of Home Missions.* In giving it select twelve I n the great big State of Utah, children and have each one learn one And some of the other States too, of the following verses. Stretch a wire across the platform and cut the There are thousands of Mormon children twelve initial letters from cardboard, That should learn to love Jesus like you. the colors rotating red, white and blue. At the top of each letter put a hook Such great, great numbers of foreigners to hang it by. Give the letters to the Have come to our land from abroad; children, and as they recite their verses let the reader hang the letters on the Neither they nor their little children wire ,so that when the exercise is com- Have heard very much about God. pleted the words, "Home Missions" will appear. Still others that live in our country Are the Indian children so strong;. Have you ever heard of the children That uncle Sam can claim, They are waiting to hear about Jesus, They have waited already too long, And how we are trying to'.tell them The story of Jesus' name? In the seas to the south of the homeland, Porto Rico and Cuba both lie; *The work in the Hawaiian Islands is largely under the care of the Hawaiian Evangelical Asso- There are thousands of little dark children, ciation, a local organization with headquarters at "Oh, send us the Gospel I" they cry. Honolulu, and the work in the Philippines is under the carE: of the Foreign Boards, and comes under Of all Uncle Sam's little people, the head of Foreign Missions. None more need the story that saves Than the bJack boys and' girls of the Southland, The children of those who were slaves.

Now down by the Mexican border, But still in the country we love, Are hundreds of Mexican children, Who know little of Jesus above.

So you see there are many to work for, And many to pray for as well.

We children must help to send workers The story of Jesus to tell, 'This war is irresistibly leading to the conclusion that the only civilization that will meet the requirements of this ,century and of the generations to follow is that which receives its sanction and guaranty from a Christian world federation for universal good order and protection.-lames L. Barton, D.D.

OF THE PROTESTANT FOREIGN MISSIONAR'f' SOCIETIES OF ENGLAND, IRELAND, SCOTLAND AND WALES

(Copyright, 1915, by the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD:) STATISTICS GATHERED BY REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F.R.G.S., TORONTO, CAN.

A number of the smaller societies have failed to answer our enquiries; others have rendered only partial reports. These statistics are, however, the most complete obtainable.-EDITOR.

FOREIGN MISSIONARIES NATIVE WORKERS NUMBER OF BAPTISMS PHYSICIANS NAME OF ORGANIZATION Foreign Countries in which Missions are Sustained (Abhreviated) .." and Number of Missions ·o~5 England $608,800 $51,008 168 17 3 150 109 456 57 807 864 1,320 78 1,113 571 25,170 2,250 427 17,793 21 525 968 16,876 26 29 104,331 Belgian and Portuguese Kongo, India, Ceylon, China, Jamaica, Eumpe.

Baptist Miss. Society (incl. Zenanna Mission) …. 1792 130,000 235 198 126 565 565 175 741 1,275 71,500 Belgian Kon!!"o, West Indies, Argentina, etc., India, China, Spain, Malaysia, Angola, Christian Missions in Many Lands …………… 1836 3,447 243,563 'Propagation Society (S. P. G.) ……………. 1701 N. RhodeSIa. Church Missionary Society………………… 1799 15 India, China, Japan, Malaysia, Africa, W. Indies, etc., Ceylon, Mauritius, China, South American Missionary Society ………..•• 1844 1,035,619 220,000 490 24 28 271 822 253 3,041 3,294 4,116 543 544 936 88,875 159,574 6,797 15,709 31,433 3,200 14 22 20 Japan Amertca. 'Jerusalem and the East. . • . . . . . . . • . . • . . . . . . • . . .. 1888 386 16,289 Universities Mission ….••………•…..•..•.. 1861 2,444,295 14,525 1 403 65 21 58 373 420 1,340 454 9,871 10,325 11,665 569 4,936 121,110 274,069 55,212 17,225 15,593 55,212 I 1,987 94,822 109 2,893 54 1,327,466 Africa, Egypt and Sudan, Palestine, Arabia, India. Zenana Missionary Society (Ch. of Eng.) ……. 1880 76,622 19 22 Friends Foreign Mission Association ..•……… 1868 25,082 18 4 35 i 98 16 16 114 16 24 12 4 Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentine, Chili. Friends Pemba Industrial Mission. . . . . . . . . • . . . .. 1896 'Primitive Methodist. ……………………. " 1842 41,495 20,865 18 2 2 7' H 43 44 78 9 10 Palestine, Syria, Egypt, British E. Africa, Portuguese E. Africa. 'United Methodist ………………………… 1857 Wesleyan Methodist Miss. Society… . . . . . . . . . . .. 1813 244,394 51 29 71 153 24 625 649 802 29 402 14,190 10,321 19,822 1,371 8,275 4 200 On most stations. Nyassaland, German E. Africa, Zanzibar, Rhodesia. Presbyterian Church of England ….•……..•.. 1847 British and Foreign Bible Society …………… 1804 21 "British Syrian Mission ………………….. · 1860 China Inland Mission …………… ··········· 1865 300,730 .. ··1 18 •••• I 291 309 1,158 1,158 1,467 65 12 24 42 412,255 India, China, Ceylon and Singapore. Egypt General Mission ………….. ·······.··· 1897 'English Council, Y. M. C. A………………… 1890 145,203 15,552 3: 31 2 34 26 i 103 1,233 1,233 1,336 25 66 197 4,128 17,931 :1:300 233 10,008 17 1,618 i 116 5,581 tll •••• 21,480 India, Madagascar, China. 'Indian Christian Literature Society ……….•… 1858 'Kinku and Central Indian Hill Miss …………. 1890 1 ! 10 8 8 18 3 2 34 194 . . . . . . 1' 3 37 1! East Africa. Lebanon Hospital for Insane ………….. · … ·· 1900 London Missionary Society………………… 1795 10,901 5,368 2 …… North Africa Mission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ····· ….. 1881 'Regions Beyond Miss. Union ……………….. 1899 10,000 29 20 18 i 68 50 57 125 21 55 I 2,800 500 200 60 3,000 2 20 1,000 Western, Southern and Central China. Salvation Army ………………..••………. 1865 15,531 1 26 South Africa General Mission …………….. ,. 1889 54,045 I 10 304 5 1 325 129 3,598 55,000 China, Eastern and Western Africa, China, W. Indies, South and Central America. Sudan United Mission ……………….. ··· .. · 1904 22 6 6 35 5 59 29 629 658 717 346 236 1 387 16,688 603 109 10,411 136 6,531 Zenanna Bible and Med. Mission …….•..••. ··. 1852 74,973 i 15 Livingstone College………………. ···· …. · 1893 107,270 West Africa, South Africa, India, Ceylon, Burma. Y. M. C. A. (British) …………………….. 1891 847,600 1,202,805 358 18 : 122 813 359 3,969 4,328 5,141 302 1,400 1,700 133,680 181,196 6,372 2,085 118,330 24 4,414 27 5,840 10 184,782 China, Formosa, Japan, Bengal, Sweden and Denmark. Medical Missionary Ass'n ….••••…………… 1878 British and Foreign Sailors' Society…………. 1818 179,985 30,500 30 161, 4 36 127 52 457 509 636 15 334 149 12,900 9,402 30,000 639 918 49 3,000 10 384 199 4,607 i 15 The Strict Baptist Mission ..•….•.•……… ··· 1861 17 Nile Mission Press.••…….•…………•….. 1905 32 20 1,830 1,850 1,882 All countries excepting U. S. A., Norway. Moravian Missions …….•••.•.•..•• •·····•···· 1732 866,035 511,200 Syria.

30,992 7,513 20 20 87 87 107 8 27 23 801 2 119 40 3,339 2 227 1,006 322 7,712 475,271 12,569 U408 20 4 326 342, 1,100 17 2,555 2,572 3,672 721 30,710 :1:4,546 9 68 55,035 China, Japan. 6 7 350 19,339 4,773 8 4 21 35 33 33 68 8 39 205 3 ' 15,385 Egypt. 18,169 I 2 13 8' 21 ····1····1i 21 2 Egypt, British East Africa, India, Burma, Malaysia, China, Palestine. 197 104 60,202 2 1i 6 •••• i .~~~ I 17 1,630 27 898 •••• ! India. 12 2 6,572 India. 191 1! 1,172 46 Syria. 12,369 3,938 8 7 'i 8' 23 21 22 45 27 2,248 8 , 175 102 550 20 10 435 18 80 10 6,500 12,470 •••• i 3' 12 12 15 20 55 …. I 1,132,420 271,526 9 179 i 82 471 852 6,628 7,480 7,951 80,889 31p,882 1,900 86,071 2,230 102,827 50 315,899 Africa, Madagascar, West Indies, South Seas, Papua, China, India. 43,532 5,464 11 4 90,000 164 33 4 18 3: 75,700 13 25 39 65 12 12 77 100 80 North Africa. 65,552 11 69 2,113 549 13,993 I 82 2,000 9 49 60 60 109 10 188 3,150 9i Central Africa (Kongo), India, Portuguese East Africa. 54 3,186 22 •.•. 1 4' 35,120 South Africa, Dutch Indies, India and Ceylon.

51 947 955 6,149 6,149 7,104 1,059 30,958 231 •••• I 15 24 77 104, 104 181 20 Figures not availa ble. 11 20 I South Africa, South Central Africa, Portuguese East Africa.

13 Western Africa.

3 19 10 50 50 …. I 55,845 6 83 ····1 89 314 314 403 2 357 6 112,474 India.

108,250 Interdenominational Medical School, London.

10,000 ….

9 9 3 12 8 India, Malaya, British East Africa, Palestine.

17,500 Supports Medical Missionaries under various societies.

10,000 18 289 289 289 112 Work among sailors in many ports.

216,915 3 18,000 1,500 3 13 100 100 113 4 20 3 20 24 2,000 24 India.

7,700 4 39 39 43 Egypt.

9,608 ~ 2 … [ German East Africa, etc., Labrador, Alaska, West Indies, South Africa. All British Colonies. 129,397 155,566 142 2 44 166 12 367 48 2,122 2,170 2,537 156 187 35,238 61,274 5,238 660 3,793 1,535 189 25,375 9 256 440 36,198 Colonial Missionary Society……………….. 1836 27,910 6 230 200 120 557 557 180 500 "' ….. . About forty countries. Open Brethren ……………….. ······· …. · 141,435 Missionary Leaves Ass'n …………………… 1868 §162 162 162 Prints Tracts and papers. 10,538 Distributes Christian Literature.

Religious Tract Society……………………. 1799 97,905 Assists :Missions in the Levant. 20,000 Nyassaland. Bible Lands Missions Aid Society …. ' ………. 1854 16,965 101 >:~~~ I:::~ 8 Zambesi Industrial Mission ••.•…•…………. 1892 Argentine, Brazil, Peru. Evangelical Union of S. America. '.' .,'. '.' ….. , .. 1911 24,861 16 13 i 29 29 8 93 1,579 1,579 390 1,122 101 3,000 51 London Society for Promotmg Chrlsttamty Among 5,846 190 the Jews (L. J. S.) ……………. ··• …… · 1809 402,519 British Society for the Propagation of the Gospel 70,000 1 3,500 2 24 21 62 16 16 78 19 10 6,536 Among the Jews ………….• ··············· 1842 248,617 1 23 11 64 42 "165 305 .. ··11 305 38 120 18 2,729! 2 ttJ,428 Holland, Morocco, Roumania, Russia, Syria, Austria, Ahyssinia, England, Egypt, Barbican Mission to the Jews ……………. ··· 1819 35,865 ' i Germany. Hebrew Christian Testimony to Israel. ……….. 1893 :8 I;8 10 :~: 5 ' 34 ' 34 14 :::: 1 60 57,815 . . . . 'I I Seventeen Other English Societies ………….. . 3 15,376 England, Austria, Germany, Russia, Turkey. , Total ……….. ··························· . I …… i London. I Scotland 20,920 ·• .. 1 I I : : ! . . . . . . Church of Scotland For. Miss. Com………….. 1824 I …… I … . England, Germany, Hungary, Russia. Edinburgh Medical M. S…………………… 1841 'John F. Paton Fund ………….. ·········· … 1892 1 :· …. , ::: '. 4 …. I …. 1 1 •• .. 1 45 2,759 I … . Mission to Lepers in India and the East. ……… 1874 United Free Church …………….. · ………• 1900 20,000 I' 78 i 84 i 113 I 69 _._.._. I~ i__4 1[ 50 8 3,227 69,337 17,753 '29 6 10 37 5 591 ……

7 ',6 [[ 236 lOll !~ 1 …. …. 15 1 448,479142,966 36,122 109,044 1 8,309 2,462 [ 117,497 8,382 448,3281 246 281 2,793,100 $10,375,751 $2,707,414 2,416 1,901 12,227 i 9,392 1 2,180. 42,712 44,892 54,284 4,373114,553 6,286 569,945 695,938 26,926 39,203 1 i' 'I I II I I 31: 10 I 3 1,539 1,4341 4,548 233 6 2,013 4491 20,751 8 …. 1 131,826 India (6), Africa (2), China (1) 151,860 40,750! 19 40 15 118 211 1,149! 1,170 1.288, 28 8,494 4 I 29,890 ! …. / 'I! 7,790 I ••• 20 i 1 2 21 16,568 Syria, Palestine 2,019 115,567 i Melanesia. 41· . . . 2 4 10 I 10 1 10 2i In all foreign lands where leprosy is found. 16,000 …….. I 5 I 31 …. , 2 5 5 20 …. : 200 200 220 I 5! 38 45 551,000 West Indies, Arabia and Lebanon, India, China, Africa, New Hebrides. 142,340 45,170 i Reported under the missions to which missiona! ies employed belong. 1 86 4,346 613 48 839,592 600,935 223 1,358 120 I 44! 181 69 1661 133 550 70 1 4,6371 4,707 5,091 223 59,858 67,719 P,994 13 2,514 Continuation Com. of World's Miss. Conf…….. 1910 14,125 ".'" ; I ;l;I ;I " " " " ;;;I ' 180 202 11 453 10 1,152 2 3 27,276 Hungary and Turkey. Jewish Com. of U. F. Ch. of Scotland (Women's) 1841 40,280 22,180 13 1 . . . . ' 6 •.. ·1 28 19 19 ~ i_ _ 14 1,114 1 2 Jewish Miss. Ass'n) ……….•…………. ,I 1894 1,256,267 "''''' '"'1M " "'" ,,,,,, 2,190 9 Five Other Societies …………. ·············· ~ m I '" '.'" '.m '.'" '.'" 223 68,532 66,331 72,065 10,146 1,482 4,548 259 64,924 20 4,531 2,481 138,584 51 52 726,670 Total ……………. ······················ .

Ireland 184,570 23,950 341 5 –8' –7 ,32[ 23 :1 109 21 687 708 817 1 26 207 31 8,174 10,884 2,876 805 584 2,626 297 8,459 457 245 10,452 12 17 132,573 China (2), Hamburg (1), Damascus (I), Spain (I), India (3).

Presbyterian Church in Ireland …………….. , 1840 I51 …. I Presbyterian Church in Ireland Jewish Mission .. . 27,565 . . . . . . .. ! 4 I •••. 4I 59 2 3 200 6 543 391 Hamburg and Damascus.

Qua Iboe Mission (Q. I. M.) ……………….. 1887 19,810 15,385 I 1 13 I 4 I, 2 19 6 162 168 187 6 154 13 2,850 15,143 577 5,143 160 13,450 2 48 155 12,176 4 6 1 10,000 West Africa. Hibernian Bible Society ………………….. , 1806 12,185 244,130 , 1 I ____IPuhlishes Bibles for missionary purposes. Total ………………. ·.······ •……••••• -m 1—-z71 .. " …. I .. .. .. .. 1 •••• 1 …. 20 20 . ." I 20 39,335 —;s –5 8 7J 40 –2-5 869 896 1,024 34 361 44 11,024 10,884 18,019 1,382 584 7,769 460 22,109 9 505 406 23,171 17 23 142,964 =====: ===== ==== ======- ====== ====== ===== ======= Wales . 1 • 1 I …… 2 171 Welsh Calvinistic Methodist. ………………. 1840 86,023 12,900 19 3. …. . .. '1I 19 1 26 639 665 723 15 397 32,871 20,844 4,090 1,280 1,986 482 24,494 6 1,013 549 13,757 Assam, India, Brittany. 1,857 200 29,448 385 17 : 58 –i= ==i==1 West Indies "'.'" 1=== =~1~= ~i_·_·_ I~ =1==1==1= 90 128 lIO 43,000 266,478 :1:8,523 1 Jamaica Home and Foreign Miss. Society . . . . . . . . 1861 193 27,784 …. 1 90 387 .. 2,749 TOTALS FOR BRITISH SOCIETIES (1914). $12,111,446 $3,474,719 I 2,456 2,5051 2,732110,871 2,344 50,284152,628 63,274 a4,862 16,401 7,060 724,472 793,997 809,131 64,297140,174 123,218 9,710 543,494 2,498 123,931 12,011 651,624 317 373 3,662,734 TOTALS FOR 1912 ……………… , ….. . 9,889,012 $2,550,015 7,153 15,646 3,252 597,826 890,9051947,453 38,396 [ 34,4671 95,841 6,092 332,424 2,049 97,855 418 2,453 223 I 9813,20711,9461 2,496, 10,423 . 2,257 45,529)47,786 58,209 10,312 650,675 I 300 I I i I II II *Last year's statistics. UOrdained and laymen. "Including 109 school staff. §Including 120 children. iAdults and children. tHospitals and dispensaries. ttln·patients only. a Incomplete returns.

I DI

THE REVIEW AND THE BOARDS As a link connecting the Mission SOME five years ago the Foreign Boards represented in the Conference Missions· Conference of North with the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE America appointed a Committee to con- WORLD, it would seem very desirable sider the advisability of establishing a that some Committee should be con- new interdenominational mlsslOnary tinued. This Committee acting as an magazine. After considering all sides intermediary would serve the Magazine of the question this committee, of which in keeping the channels of information ~ev. Stanley White, D.D., is Chairman, open, and could serve the Boards in recommended to the Conference in 1914 conveying to the Magazine any sugges- that they be continued in order that tions which they might make. It would they might "cooperate, as far as seems also bring the Magazine before" the practical and best, in the plans and de- Annual Conference, and, in "a sense,"

velopment of the MISSIONARY REVIEW "enable it to act as the organ of the OF THE WORLD." This action recog- Conference. Therefore, your com- nized the service that the REVIEW has mittee would offer the following reso- rendered and is rendering to the mis- lutions to be sent to the Business Com- sionary cause and exprest a readiness mittee for consideration: to cooperate in a brotherly. way without (1) That the Committee as now organized obligation to either party. An Editorial be discontinued.

Council had already been selected by (2) That a Committee of five be appointed, the REvlEW, composed of representa- as far as possible from those who tives of various Home and Foreign could be accessible to the office of Boards and Interdenominational socie- THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE ties. This council has met quarterly WORLD, whose duty it should be to and has tendered efficient service-as serve as a medium of communication improvements in the REVIEW indicate. between THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF The Missionary Magazine Committee THE WORLD and the Boards. That the members of this Committee should be has also made valuable suggestions, and members of the Editorial Council of has brought the REVIEW into closer THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE touch with the work of the various WORLD. Boards and the constituencies that they represent. (3) That this Committee should also, as Now a further step toward coopera- far as occasion may arise, represent" tion has been taken. The Mllgazine Committee of the Foreign Missions the Conference in any further devel- Boards presented their report at the recent annual Conference in Garden opments for more effective magazine literature. – (4) That the Conference express its ap- preciation of the service which THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD City and, after reviewing the work of has rendered and is rendering to -the the past year, offered the following missionary cause.

. resolutions.; which were most heartily The Committee has been duly ap- . adopted by a rising vote. pointed to consist of Dr. Stanley

White, of the Presbyterian Board a spiritual power to advance the cause of Foreign Missions, Dr. ·F. P. Haggard, of Christ. They serve without re- of the American Baptist Foreign Mission muneration, but not without sacrifice. Society, Dr. Hugh L. Burleson, of the We covet also the prayers of each of Domestic and Foreign Missionary So- our wide circle of readers. What ciety of the Protestant Episcopal might not the REVIEW accomplish if, Church, and Dr. George Heber Jones, in addition to its present assets, there Editorial Secretary of the Methodist were an endowment to set it free from Episcopal Board. These friends have financial limitations. been cordially welcomed as members of the Editorial Council of the REVIEW. BRITISH MISSIONARY STATISTICS Another step toward efficient co- T HERE is unusual interest in the sta- operation was taken when the Home tistics of the Protestant Missionary Missions Council, at its annual meet- Societies of the British Isles published in ing, January 13th, invited the editor to the accompanying table, prepared by Rev. address the conference and as a result S. B. Rohold of Toronto, with the cooper- appointed a subcommittee of the com- ation of the British secretaries. Th~se mittee on promotion to represent them statistics give the figures for 63 English with the REVIEW. Those named are societies, 12 Scotch organizations, 4 Mr. ]. Ernest McAfee, of the Presby- Irish, I Welsh, and I West Indian. They terian Board of Home Missions, Mr. show a total home income of $12,lil,- W. T. Demarest, of the Reformed 456. This, as compared with $9,889,000 Church in America, and Rev. H. F. reported for the year 1912, and $10,200,- Swartz, of the Congregational Home 000 reported by the Missionary Press Bu- Missionary Society. These have also reau of Great Britain for 1913. In 1904- , been invited to join the Editorial Coun- ten years ago-there was reported a home cil of the REVIEW, in order that they income of only $7,625,000. There has may help to keep before our readers the apparently been a steady increase in the needs and progress of the work in British gifts. North America. The total number of British mission- The editorial policy and basic prin- aries supported last year was 10,871, an ciples of the REVIEW remain unchanged, increase of 450 over two years ago, and but it is our hope that we may more 3,000 more than in 1904. ,The native adequately than ever present the needs workers have also increased in two years of the world for salvation through by about 5,000, and are 1,500 more than ] esus Christ our Lord, and the pro- ten years ago. This shows a healthy gress of His Gospel and Kingdom in growth to the work, and, as with the all lands. The World is our field- Continental societies, calls attention to God's field; all lands and peoples that some of the great problems introduced know not Christ claim our prayers, by the present war. The work of 100,- onr efforts and our sacrifices; the work 000 Christian workers receives a setback. of all agencies presenting Christ as Who can estimate the loss to the King- the divine Savior and Lord finds in dom of God by the recall or non~support the REVIEW a friend and advocate. of this large band of workers? There are reported 724,000 communicants con- The Editorial Council, which meets nected with the British mission fie1ds- next on March 4th, is now composed an increase of about 125,000 over two of. twenty leading men and women re- years ago, and more than 300,000 ov~r presenting United States, Canada and the number reported in 1904. The adults Great Britain. They are a praying added last year on confession of faith company, who seek to make the REVIEW

I9I SJ

numbered 64,297, nearly double those re- factorily established. Certain it is that ceived two years ago. God alone is capable of judging all the claims. Every Christian sorrows be- The largest of all the British mission cause of the hatred engendered and the societies is, of course, the Church Mis- suffering entailed; all interested in the sionary Society, which has an income of progress of the Kingdom of God see the two and a half million dollars, and a great damage done and the hindrances communicant membership of 121,000 thrown in the way of missionary work. (one-sixth of the total reported by Brit- All pray that the cause of God and huish societies). The Society for the Pro- manity may speedily triumph, as they pagation of the Gospel has an income of must ultimately prevail. one million dollars and a native member~ ship of nearly 89,000. The Wesleyan Exception has been taken by some Methodist Society stands next, with a Christian friends to the articles on the home income of $847,000, and a commu- war and its effect on German and British nicant membership of 133,000. The pe- missions. Each side seems to claim that culiar feature of this society is that they the other should not be given a hearing. report an income from the field of $1,- Irrespective of the justice of the respec- 202,000, which is larger by one third tive causes, it is only fair to allow .the than their income at home. Two years other side to state his case. Germans ago they reported a little over $1,000,000 have contended that they had no such from the field. The London Missionary opportunity in America and England. At Society has a home income of $1,132,000, our request both a German and a British and a communicant membership of 80,000 writer, of whose desire to manifest a Christians. Christian spirit there can be no doubt, were asked to write freely their view of It is sad to note the large number of the war and its relation to missionary these mission fields which are now dis- work of his own country. These papers turbed by the world war. In addition to were printed without comment and withthe inconvenience and suffering caused out either criticism or endorsement; they by the financial stringency and the in- speak for themselves. "The fire will try ability of missionaries to return to the every man's-and every nation's-wor-k, field or to take their needed furloughs, of what sort it is." Also each one shall there is a state of warfare in many of "stand before the judgment seat of the fieldS' such as Africa, Angola, Kongo, Christ." the Kamerun country, South Africa, German East Africa, British Central Af- A SUFFICIENT SAVIOR rica, and all of the Turkish possessions. The British missionaries have been re- ONE of the questions raised by the called from Falestine, and those who re- war between nominally Christian main are hampered in their work in Asia nations is: Has Christianity proved in- Minor, Constantinople, Arabia, and Per- sufficient to meet the needs and .test of sia. .such a crisis? Intelligent Christians and even many educated non-Christians know In our April number we plan to pub- that it is not Christianity that has failed, lish a table of the American missionary but men have failed to follow Christ's statistics, gathered by the Home Base ideals and teachings. Still, some who are Committee of the Foreign Missions Con- earnest enquirers after truth are perference. plexed or disgusted or dismayed, while others, who are weak in the faith,ques- BRITISH AND GERMAN CLAIMS tion the power of the Gospel to tnns- form mankind. A Japanese Christian in THE truth about the charges and Korea recently said to the Rev. Frederick . counter-charges that have arisen out of the present war may never be satis-

S. Curtis ;s'Surely a greater Savior than less, when men and women have be- Christ must yet be born into the world, come careless and selfish, and material- one who can not only teach peace and istic, the shock of war and the suffer- truth and love, but who can prevent such ing involved may act like a chastening an outrageous war as that which is now rod. Already the war has sobered men devastating Europe." in America and Europe, and the final What reply shall we give? Can it be result of the conflict may be a sanctified true that Christianity is doomed to fail Church and a purified State. Sir Wil- _ of the realization of Christ's ideals even liam Robertson Nicoll stated what, in among those who profess to believe in his opinion, are some of the uses of them? The answer given by Mr. Curtis war, in a recent address at a meeting solves the riddle. "Christ and the sal- for intercession; vation offered by Him i.r sufficient for all (I) War develops the spirit of sacri- who will accept and follow Him, but it is fice. It emphasizes the things that true that a greater day is yet to dawn, count and indicates how easy it is to not in the coming of another Savior, but forget common mercies.

in the return of Jesus Christ Himself to (2) War teaches the nobility of reign in greater power and glory. Then courage, a virtue which the ancients His Kingdom will truly come and will considered to be the root of all other extend throughout t)1e whole earth. Then virtues.

all mankind will crown Him Lord of All. (3) War inculcates the power and "Every knee shall bow . . . and every comfort of prayer; many soldiers in the , tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord army realizing this for the first time.

to the glory of God the Father." (Philip- (4) War inspires the hope that soon pians 2 ;10, II, and 3 :20, 2I.) all war will end. There must always be "THE MAILED HAND AND THE conflicts until despotism is dethroned; it is, therefore, essential to look for- I NAILED HAND" ward to that time when God will usher N which power do you most pro- in permanent peace through Jesus Christ. foundly believe-physical force or sacrificial service? ' Which is your idea ACCEPTABLE SERVICE of a "Holy War"-that of the Moslem Present your bodies a living sacrifice, armies or the Christian missionary? Is holy, acceptable unto God, which is your ideal the mighty monarcli of the your reasonable service.-Rom. 12. I. mailed fist or the Christ pouring out Among the hundred words which His life blood for mankind on Calvary? stand most' prominent in the Bible this Is your program of sacrifice one repre- word, Service, is very conspicuous, and sented by that of others, or your own more so is the conception it represents. living sacrifice for others? The hand Here is the ultimate end toward which mailed with steel may win battles, but all else properly tends-the true goal of it will never win the world. The salvation and sanctification. No man hand nailed to the Cross may seem to lives to himself. He is saved that he ,betoken defeat, but it is the hand of the may be sanctified-conformed to the im- Lifted-up One-who will draw all men age of God's dear Son; but even such unto Himself. conformity reaches its highest result in helping others to a like destiny, and so BLESSINGS OF WAR all culminates in glory to God. How THE curse of murder, lust and hatred plain it is that those who are content to is so manifest in war that the be saved from ruin themselves, and do benefits of such conflict seem to be nothing to rescue others, are "blind insignificant In comparison. Neverthe- and can not see afar off."-A. T. P.

WODLD-W1DE

MISSI' ADY NEWS AMERICA-NORTH and religious institutions. The two largest bequests were half a million The Statiatics of Last Year dollars each to the Teachers' College of Columbia University and the Na- THE foreign mission statistics of the tional Board of the Young Women's United States and Canada for the Christian Associations of the United calendar> year 1914 were announced at States. Other large bequests include the annual meeting of the foreign mis- $200,000 to the Young Women's Chrission conference in Garden City, Long tian Association of the City of New Island, January 14th. These statistics York; $25,000 to the State Charities were compiled under the direction of Aid Association; $25,000 to the Young Fred P. Haggard, D.D., chairman of Men's Christian Association of New the Home Base Committee of the con- York; $25,000 to the Travelers' Aid ference, and form a part of the report Society; $50,000 to the American Colof that committee to the conference on lege for Girls at Constantinople, Turthe outstanding features of the work key; $25,000 to the Northern Presbyof cultivating the home constituency on terian Board of Foreign Missions, and behalf of foreign missions. The total the same amount to the Northern income of American foreign mission Presbyterian Board of Home Missions. boards for recent years was: Trust funds of $15,000 each ultimately will go to the Working Girls' Vacation 1914 .•$17,168,611 1907 •• $ 9,548,633 Fund, Teachers' College of Columbia 1913.• 16,043,631 University, and the Presbyterian Board 1906.. 8,980,448 of Home Missions. Twenty-five thou- 1912 .• 17,317,366 1905.. 8,120,725 sand dollars were left to the World's 1911.. 12,290,005 1904. • 7,807,992 Student Christian Federation for the benefit of the women's department of 1910.• 11,908,671 1903.. 6,964,976 the organization. 1909.. 11,317,405 1902.. 6,727,903 Good Work of the Gideon. 1908.• 10,061,433 1901. • 6,228,173 T HE Gideons, the well-known aggres- Other interesting facts are revealed as sive order of Christian commercial travelers, have carried their campaign follows: $4,243,967 were contributed by for supplying hotel rooms with Bibles to a point where 160,000 rooms in high natives to the work being conducted by grade hotels have now been "Bibleized." They ,are increasing this number at American missionaries; there are 9,969 the rate of 5,000 rooms per month. In addition, many thousands of rooms have missionaries enrolled by the several been supplied through other agencies imitating the Gideons or by' proprietors organizations; 159,286 persons were who have taken the idea from them. The most extraordinary testimonies baptized during the year as compared with 121,8u the year before; 9,946 churches' are reported, a gain of 510; there are 606 colleges, theological semi- naries and training-schools and 12,969 other schools with a total attendance of 547,730. (See also page 163.) MLaree Giving for World.Betterment ISS GRACE HOADLEY DODGE, the Christian philanthropist who died recently in 'New York, left nearly a .million and a half dollars to public

come to the Gideon leaders of the good their own tale, and the conclusion is that their Bibles have accomplished. inevitable.. One man converted by this means has since been instrumental in the con- T A Tuakegee Prize WiDner version of fifty-five Italian laborers, HE first prize of $500 for the best thirty-five of whom he has brought essay on the subject, "What we into connection with the Church he Have Learned About Rum," was himself joined after becoming a Chris- awarded by Everybody's Magazine last tian.-The Continent. September to Isaac Fisher, a negro student at Tuskegee. He had some: lncreaeed Baptist Equipment 9,000 competitors. The incident is sig- nificant and encouraging from several SOUTHERN Baptists are celebrating points of view: That a popular mag·· . the Judson Centennial by raising azine should engage in this helpful $1,250,000 for foreign missions. This temperance education; that such a large money is not to be kept for endow- number of articles should have been ment, but is to be spent entirely upon contributed; that the arguments against equipment, $250,000 of it is to be used drink should be so decisive; and that a for general equipment, such as church representative of the negro race, so buildings, hospitals and missionaries' sadly afflicted with intemperance, should homes; $200,000 for publication houses have won the prize.-Congregationalisf. for the circulation of Bibles and Christian liter~ture; $800,000 for schools of Bible Station at Panama all grades, from the kindergarten to the college and theological seminary. THE American Bible Society is The $1,250,000 was apportioned to dif- making plans to have a Bible-disferent States, and the campaign began tributing station built on the Panama with enthusiasm. The sum of $800,000 Canal. Colonel Goethals has planned a had been secured in cash and pledges place for the Bible station at Balboa, by Christmas. The whole amount will at the Pacific end of the canal, and the be raised beyond doubt. This is an American Bible Society will distribule achievement worth while, especially in Bibles in 127 languages. Every sailer a year in which the chief crop of the who passes through the canal will· be South has failed of a market.-Watch- given a Bible free. man-Examiller. New Bishop of Cuba DR. Products of the Saloon SLEYSTER, of Wisconsin, who T HE first service in consecration of as the superintendent of an asylum a bishop to take place in the Cathfor the criminalIy insane has treated edral of St. John the Divine in New 1,800 patients, states in Everybody's York City occurred in January, when Magazine that from investigating the Archdeacon H. R. Hulse was made facts concerning 590 of the 1,800 men- bishop of the missionary district of tioned above he had discovered that Cuba. Bishop Guerry, of South Caro- 36.8 per cent. were the sons of drunken lina, preached the sermon, and said in fathers; 40.4 per cent. were addicted to conclusion: "Your aim should not be the use of alcohol before the age of to make the Cubans Anglo-Saxon or fifteen; 52.5 per cent. habitually drank American Christians, but to strive to to excess; 64.9 per cent. spent their build up within the people under your evenings in saloons, at cheap shows, care a type of Christianity which will or on the streets; and only 9.6 per cent. meet the needs and fulfil the aspirawere abstainers. These figures tell tions of the Cubans themselves, so that if the time should ever come when we can aid in establishing in that Island hnd throughout the great republics of

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

Spanish America national and independ- sionaries and contributes $600,000 a ent churches, our Church's mission in Cuba may be but a step toward the year. Scandinavia has 700 missionrealization of that larger Federation of aries, the amount contributed is not the churches of Latin America which known. All the Continental societies under the Providence of God may in combined maintain about 2,500 missiontime become an accomplished fact."- aries and spend about $4,000,000 a year The Churchman. for their support. It will be easy to see what serious hardships the labor- I Reform. Needed in Haiti ers will be likely to be called upon to N Haiti prisoners are not fed, and endure as the war continues. are entirely dependent on the generosity of their friends while they are in M A Host Readinc the Bible jail. Women and children from the ORE than 10,000 soldiers on Saliscountry bring food to their husbands bury Plain alone have joilled the. and fathers who are thus confined. Pocket Testament League, agreeing to This is the case with all classes of carry a Testament with them and read prisoners in Haiti. If.a prisoner has a chapter daily. This is the outward no friends, he is, indeed, in a sad plight. and visible sign of what seems to be Sometimes he goes begging in charge a genuine revival, which is the outof the jailer. come of a short mission led by Mr. Charles M. Alexander. The rush to Under some or the more progressive join the League and obtain the handpresidents, the practise of the cruel some little khaki-bound Testaments has rites connected with the voodoo wor- been extraordinary. The behavior of ship has been forbidden and supprest, the troops in many of the tents has altho there is no doubt that they con- completely ch:j,nged. "When I came tinue to be practised in secret in the here, the tent was a hell upon earth," mountain recesses. Now, however, says one soldier. "Language was so there seems to be absolutely no re- dreadful and behavior so wretched straint in the practise of these de- that we could not get to sleep. When grading ceremonies; in fact, under one some of them came in we got up out or two of the recent presidents they of their way. Everyone has joined have been carried on in the palace itself. the Pocket Testament League, and now there are hymns and Bible readings." EUROPE Help Offered to English Societies The Effect on Minion. THE Episcopal Board of' Missions THE maintaining of their church has called the denomination to work at home is likely to be a larger service in the interest of worlddifficult matter among Christians in the wide missions during the war, and has nations at war. Still more will it ca1l especially suggested that some of the for self-sacrificing liberality to sustain missionary obligations of the English the mission work abroad. We read that Church societies for next year should Great Britain has 10,000 missionaries on be assumed. Certain dioceses haverethe foreign field and contributes $10,- sponded promptly to the' suggestion, 000,000 a year for their support. Ger- but the English societies have not as many has 1,200 missionaries and con- yet found any need for accepting the tributes about $2,600,000 a year. France proferred aid. has 120 missionaries and contributes about $150,000 a year. Holland has English churchmen are responsible, 130 missionaries and contributes $216,- through several missionary societies, 000 a year. Swit1:erland has 450 mis- for the administration of eleven ~s-

sionary dioceses in India, five in Japan, ror the battlefield equipped with Testa- seven in China, three others in Asia, ments and religious tracts. Further- twenty-two in Africa, twenty-three in more, the entire French popUlation Australia, seven in New Zealand and seems to be. feeling the need of a re- Melanesia, two in the Pacific ocean, vival in religion. Only recentI'y a ten in the Vest Indies and Central and South America, and in addition, French editor, heretofore an atheist 01 for the Jerusalem and Egyptian bishop- ri<;s with their work, and some con- the first rank, sent out a plea to his siderable aid to portions of the work people urging them to seek God. in Canada. The Canadian Church also maintains one diocese each in China Refugee Students in Europe and Japan. Some few of the dioceses in Australia and South Africa are T HE war has thrust upon the Chris- self-supporting and some aid to the tian Student movements in several adjacent missionary work is given by European countries grave problems and both of these; but the immediate re- great opportunities in the presence of sponsibilities of English churchmen in- large bodies of refugee students. In volve a budget of several million the London colleges alone there are at dollars annually.-Living Church. least two hundred Continental students, Belgians, Russians, and Russian and Spiritual Result. of the War Polish Jews, who had been studying in the Belgian universities. They are DDRING these dark days in Europe, lonely and very poor, and the British men's hearts are turning to God Student Movement is seeking funds, as never before. Dr. E. S. Count, and a man to work among them. Many superintendent of the Methodist mis- Dutch speaking and other Belgian stu- sion in Bulgaria, for example, writes: dents are in Holland this year, and the Dutch government has generously ar- "In times of peace and prosperity ranged for them to be quartered in one the people had but little regard for place, so that they may carryon their spiritual things. But trouble has caused studies under their own professors. them to feel more dependent upon the Almighty. Our Methodist congrega- Hundreds of foreign students from tions have been larger than ever before Eastern Europe have been in Switzer- in the history of the mission. Never land since the beginning of the war, has there been such success in our cut off from home and friends. The Bulgaria work as there is at this very World's Student Christian Federation, in hour. Revival services are being held conjunction with the University authori- in practically all the churches, and some ties, have been supplying these students of the very finest types of conversion in the Swiss cities with cheap meals. are taking place." Similar work is' being undertaken in Paris by the French Women's Students' In nearly all the messages which come Christian Association. In all these to Baptist headquarters here from countries the workers report that the France, in spite of the pictures of foreign students have never been so suffering, there is a note of faith and open to religious impression as they are fine optimism. The majority of the at this time. Baptist laymen, as well as the pastors, are in the army, but the religious meet- French Protestant Minion Work ings are well attended, both Protestant and Catholic giving eager heed to the MORE than eighty years ago, the . message. The soldiers are attending in Protestant churches of France, good numbers and many are leaving awakening from a period of spiritual lethargy, felt called upon to take some share in the evangelization of the

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

heathen world. The outcome was the the books for fear that they would formation of the Paris Missionary So- steal them I Nominally Romanists, ciety, which commenced work in 1833, these students openly declare themby s'ending out three missionaries to selves atheists. The most Catholic of Basutoland. The society now supports nations has produced the most irremissions in the French colonies (Sene- ligious and godless students of Europe gal, Tahiti, Kongo, Madagascar, Mare In this atmosphere of unbelief and low and New Caledonia) and in British moral ideals the Y. M. C. A. has South Africa (Basutoland and Barotsi- started a Student Association. It has land). Basutoland has now a popu- less than fifty members, but these arc, lation of about 450,000 natives, of Mr. Babcock says, "as attractive a whom about I I per cent. are profes- body of young men as I have ever sing Christians, their spiritual' needs met. Most of them are Protestants." being ministered to largely by the Paris Society, the church-members MOSLEM LANDS numbering over 21,000. Conspicuotts success has attended the work of the A Wealthy Armenian Evangelist missionaries, and a strong native church, which already has a large BARON TARAYANTZ, a Baku measure of self-government, is being Armenian business man of wealth, built up. The native pastors number is giving his whole time to the work more than the European missionaries, of evangelization and is meeting with the figures being respectively nineteen great success among Russians and' and sixteen, and these are aided by a Armenians. Last year he held a rebody of 222 native evangelists and 473 markable three-weeks' series of meetnative teachers. The work done by ings in Teheran, Persia. "The effect the native helpers is largely self-sup- of his mission," says a reporter, "was porting, the church-members contribu- truly wonderful, and brought to light ting ever £4,000 annually, while the the deep stratum of age-old Chris:" educational work is almost entirely tianity in the Armenian heart, even supported by Government grants. the most callous and most worldly. When one considers that perhaps the The Case of Spanish Students bulk of these nominal Christians' had never before in their lives heard the MR. G. ]. BABCOCK, writing in the Scriptures preached, one is profoundly Student Warld on Spanish stu- grateful for the impression made' on dent life, describes the standards of the hearts of so many." honesty as painfully low in university circles. The professors owe their po- A Miuionaries and Mullah. sitions largely to political inflence, and MOSLEM friend told a Church take their work with so little serious- Missionary Society miSsionary in nes:; as to be almost invariably from Mesopotamia a very interesting story' fifteen to forty minutes late at classes. the other day. It was that 'his brother No rolls are kept. All students pass had been visiting Nejef-an old city the examinations, as it would injure a of Shiah Moslems, not very far from professor's reputation if they did not. Baghdad, from which a number of When attending a course of lectures patients come to the Church Missionat Madrid, Mr. Babcock asked what ary Society Hospital-and was one day use was made 'of the departmental conversing with some of the mullahs library, where he observed students about the English miSSIOnaries in w'ere never seen. The answer came Baghdad. The mullahs admitted that that students did not have access to they were undoubtedly" very good folk, who served mankind by good works in

the hospital and taught the people about the soldiers and hastened to head- God, while the mullahs themselves quarters, altho it was the busy s.eason were sinners, and did not serve man- of the .year and the animals were kind by good works. Nevertheless, in needed for the life of' the people, to the Day of Judgment, God would take complete the threshing of the grain the good works of the missionaries and its transportation to market."

and put them to· the credit of the ! From Mardin the report comes: Moslem mullahs, and He would take "Everything is in confusion, trade is the sins of the mullahs and put them utterly paralyzed, travel is impossible, upon the Christian missionaries. transportation is stopt, schools are Germany Converted to Islam? stript of their teachers, money has ceased to circulate, drafts can not be SOME curious details of the methods cashed, grain remains unthreshed and employed by Germans to impress unwinnowed for lack of animals and the Turkish army and win over public men to do the work; the labor market opinion in Syria are supplied by a mis- is closed, and hunger in the midst of sionary of the Evangelical and Medical plenty is already looking in at the Mission to Israel, and quoted in the door of thousands of homes whence newspapers. two, three, four and in so~e cases five To celebrate an alleged victory over of the bread-winners have been sum- the Russians in Transcaucasia a Turko- moned to the ranks. Our help is in German fete was recently organized at the Lord and in America."

Haifa, one of the principal features INDIA being a great possession in honor of Mohammed and the German Emperor. India and the Gospel For the benefit of the Arabs, some T HE religious situation was forcibly of whom appear to have accepted the described in The Call, issued in story readily enough, it has been dis- connection with the recent Day of covered that the Kaiser is a lineal Prayer for India. It was shown that, descendant of the Prophet's sister and while the deeper movements among the that he has undertaken to go on a educated classes and the student compilgrimage to Mecca when the war is munity give encouragement, vast multiover. That the German nation as a tudes of the people are little affected, whole has been converted to Islam is if at all, by the ·new forces at work, generally believed by the less educated and remain sunken in indifference, members of the native community. worldliness and superstition. The Call proceeded: L Mobilization in Turkey "The present crisis has led to a wise ETTERS from missionaries in and searching examination into mis- Turkey give graphic accounts of sionary' method and organization.

the hardships incident to mobilization. Changes are imminent, retrenchments One writes: "Not even in the great imperative. It may be that thus the war with Russia a generation ago Indian Church is to come more rapidly were so many men called to the colors than anticipated into her own posses- as are now drawn away from all pro- sion of authority, and her own work ductive occupations to camps in the of self-propagation. There is need that variolls localities. All men, Christians the ability and devotion of her mem- as well as Moslems, from' the ages of bers may be given more fully to India's 24 to 45 were called for at once, regeneration, and the number of her Wherever any horses or mules or voluntary workers largely increased."

camels were seen they were seized by In such circumstances the people of

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Bod have a continuing reason for Still, a Christian map of India to-day prayer in regard to India. would be a bewildering, piebald thing, showing much cross-coloring. In re- An Outcast, One of God's Noblemen cent years, however, there has grown up, especially in South India, a strong PRESIDENT JANVIER, of Ewing movement in the direction of ,closer College, Allahabad, writes of his approach and a better common undermeeting with Labbu Mal, who some standing. The Indian Christians themfifteen years ago was not only an selves have shown special and inignorant idolater, but an outcast, who creasing zeal in this matter, with the was brought to Christ in the United result that, after careful and unhurried Presbyterian mission in the Panjab, deliberations, several denominations and has been a mighty power in Sial- have come together, and now form kot in recent years. the South India United Church. A common confession of faith has been "Three things especially imprest me. adopted, and a fairly comprehensive There was nothing cringing or ob- and elastic Church organization has sequious in his bearing. He was cour- been agreed upon~" teous and deferential, but wholly selfpossest and manly. There was a fine A Ruler of Promise dignity about him, which showed that the spirit of Christ had made him free THE Maharaja Holkar of Indore not only from the law of sin and bids fair to become a ruler of death, but from that of hereditary ser- whom India may well be proud. He is vility and degradation. He imprest me twenty-four years of age, having atas one of God's noblemen. Then the tained to full sovereignty in his State language he used was not that of the three years ago. At the end of his first average preacher, but that of a thinker year Lord Hardinge visited the State, who had thought God's thoughts, and and on the occasion of a banquet in who was full of God's word. his honor the young ruler made a speech in which he said: "Ii is no" And once again I was imprest by the twelve months since I was investeu way that he went straight to the one with ruling powers; during this time I message which meets the need of sin- have devoted myself to getting a grasp ful men everywhere-the message of of the details of administration, and the cross of the Lord Jesus. I felt .have only been able to make a beginthat if the U. P. Church had never ning with a few important reforms, accomplished anything else in. India which, God willing, should produce than to find and call and equip Labbu beneficent results in time." The regu- Mal, the work would have been worth lation of the age of marriage for girls, while."-Tlw Continent. education, and the opening of public libraries in all the important centers; Agitation for Church Union the improvement of the capital of the State with a view to the prevention of A DEVELOPMENT full of import- plague, and also looking to increasing ance and well worth watching is the beauty and comfort of the city; taking place in India. The matter is the foundations of municipal governwell put for us as follows: "Christian ment under the guidance of British work in India was started, of course, officers, and experiments in the introin different sections of the country by duction of silk culture; these are the representatives of different Christian reforms desired by the Maharaja. The bodies. It was the only way at first, young ruler has fitted himself by study tho it has had to be progressively modified through the years by the good sense and good will of all concerned.

and travel for his difficult post-difficult SIAM if successfully filled.-Indian Witness. Bible Circulation in Siam Giving Two Thousand a Chance EV. ROBERT IRWIN writes from REV. C. H. BANDY writes from Fateh- R Bangkok: "The work of this garh: "We had a boarding-school agency during 1913 was carried on with such vigor and energy that all previous for Christian boys and one for Chris- records of distribution were greatly tian girls, and in nearly all the large exceeded. The net circulation for the centers we had a day school for Chris- year was 135,206 volumes, which makes tian children, but, in spite of all this, an actual increase of 36,650. The total there were yet 2,000 boys and girls of circulation since the establishment of school age who were not getting their the agency in 1890 amounts to 1,021,- chance. That is to say, there were 889. Mr. Irwin was assisted by thirty- 2,000 healthy, wide-awake Christia~ two persons in the work of distribuboys and girls living in small, out-of- tion, and the records show that 10,400 the-way villages, who, unless greater days were spent in the work, 700 vileffort were made to reach them, would lages were visited, and the distance never learn to read and write. This traveled was 20,000 miles. Mr. Irwin condition of things had grown up himself traveled 3,271 miles by steamer, around us so gradually, that we had railway, canoe, motor car, buggy, bulfailed to be imprest by it as we should, lock-cart, and horseback. Mrs. Irwin, till we returned from America last who has the distinction of being the fall. As a first step we set before our- only lady physician in Siam, accoms'eNes the task of creating within one panied her husband on a tour' of three year 500 readers o{ the New Testa- months, to the north, during which she ment. We began what we caIl the spent 31 days in the saddle, covered a "contract" system. Suffice it to say distance of 1,147 miles, and aided him that it is teaching boys and girls to greatly. by her medical work and general read by the job. We pay the teacher assistance. Her travel was without no salary, but pay for results. Four cost to the society. Most of the Scripannas, or eight cents, for teaching the tures circulated during the year were letters to the pupil. One anna, or two in the Siamese and Laos langJIages, cents, for teaching each lesson to the but many copies of God's Word were twentieth, and three pice, or one cent distributed in fifteen or twenty other and a half for each subsequent lesson languages." to the end of the book. At these rates, it costs $I.75 to take a boy. or girl Donation from Leper. from the raw, on to where they can read the Bible and hymn book for ONE of the most encouraging inthemselves. The scheme has worked stances of the year was a gift of wonderfully well. At this date, we have 172 boys and girls, none of whom the lepers at Chiengmai to the work of knew their letters in December, and the American Bible Society. Early in who now are reading the New Testa- the year they contributed 3,300 portions men1, and passing examination on what of the Scriptures for general distrithey have read each month. Besides bution, and later SeiJ.t two cash contrithese, we have an equal number who butions, amounting to over twenty-five are at the point of graduating' into rupees as their Christmas gift to the the New Testament. We examine these Society. The names of these wonderpupils each month ourselves. The ful Christians'-the lepers of Chiengmai motor car has made that possible. -should be written on the roll of princely givers, for their gifts repre- sent real sacrifice, and are striking

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evidence of their gratitude for the had made. Bordering the' sides' of the benefits of the Gospel of Christ. Their front were 3I silver stars overlaid own letter, dated February 9th, reads with gold. Engraved in Chinese charas follows: "We, the elders and mem- acters each one bore the name of one bers of the leper church of Chiengmai, of the 3I churches of this field, which disciples of the Lord Jesus, with one this veteran toiler had brought into mind and heart, have great gladriesS' in being and nourished into strength. sending our small offering to the American Bible Society. And we beg that Wanted: A Thousand Chineae T eachera . qUI' .gift of twenty-five rupees ($8.09) may be graciously received by you and To show what an opportunity there used for the distribution of the Holy is for educated Christian Chinese, Scriptures. To have a share in this Prof. Paul Monroe, of Columbia Unigood work will give us. very great versity Teachers College, said on rehappiness. (Signed) Elders Peang, turning from his visit to China that in Toon, Gnok." one province the Chinese Commissioner of Education exprest his willingness to CHINA employ a thousand Christian Chinese as teachers if he could only find them. A Sack Full of Idol. Our mission schools ought to be fur- nishing them. – But where are our MRS. McCLINTOCK, writes from schools that can do it? Nodoa: "Pastor Tang baptized over 50 adults this summer. Our new Two Candidate. for the Church chapel in' the Mandarin district proves fair to be a success. One of our col- MISS DELIA LEAVENS, of Tungporteurs came into the compound with chou, China, writes in a recent an old gunning sack full of idols. He letter: "Changes are coming, however, had not' only the idolS', but the bowls far more quickly than we dare to hope. which had held the ashes of their an- Only yesterday I was helping the Bible cestors, also, the shell with which the women examine. two candidates for adpriest had called the spirits, and some mission to the church. One was a of the false money which the heathen middle aged woman, who little more offer. to their ancestors and idols. The than a year ago was burning incense. Chinese worship deities whom they can to the kitchen god, but who has been deceive. No wonder they themselves much influenced by the teaching she deceive each other,and are deceived, has received,· and is trying her best to and ·live in an atmosphere of deceit all live a better life. One of the things the time. Another c6lporteur was walk- they said of her was that she has ing around our mission grounds with cleaned' up both herself and her house a lot of men following· him, and told to quite a marked degree since hearing me very eagerly that these were people the doctrine,. and that" she has ceased from the district where our chapel is." to use bad language to her neighbors. She is doing what she can, but she is DR.Fittin. Honor. to a Mi..ionary a lifetime behind the other candi~ate, J. E. WALKER, a missionar~ of not half her age. This was one of our the American Board, has recently school girls', who shows the effects of seven years of study. Not so very returned to the United States for a much education, it is true, and neither furlough, after a service of 42 years, culture nor edu~ation back of her,· yet mostly in the city of Shaowu. As he she seemed to me miles ahead of the was leaving, a pastor of one of the older woman, and I realized, as I have station-churches made him a present of not before, what our girls' schools will a white satin vest, which he himself mean to the next generation."

JAPAN-KOREA In the HOkkaidothe evangelistic meet- ings arranged for the autumn were put "TA Christian Message from America off, "on account of the war and other AKING stock" of the results of kindred reasons," but the Rev. W. P. missionary effort in Japan, the Buncombe, of Tokyo, writes: Rev. J. Waller (of the Missionary So- "It was thought at first that the out- break of war, in which Japan also was ciety of the Canadian Church), of involved, would have put a stop to the Nagano, in the diocese of Mid-Japan. plans of the three years' evangelistic writes: "Japan has become rapidly campaign, but, thank God, that has not Christian at heart, tho not yet in name. been the case, and the plans are being It is true that some other influences carried out with even more earnestthan that of the missionary have con- ness owing to the seriousness of tributed to the advance in Japan. the times. In Tokyo the great cam- Foreign literature and intercourse have paign itself is bdng planned for the in some degree assisted. But some, in spring of next year, but special work America and Europe, lay far too much as a commence~ent and preparation stress on the Christian and civilizing has been arranged for this autumn and effect of these non-missionary agencies. is now being carried out. The plan was Indeed, Japan would almost certainly prepared by a committee and presented have been far more Christian to-day at a large gathering of the pastors and had she known foreign lands onlv members of the church committees. through the missionary. For each Estimating that there were one hundred Christian book that the Japanese people, churches' and mission halls in this great as a whole, read, they take in at least city, they proposed that special evanten anti-Christian ones. Almost all gelistic meetings should be held in each foreign sailors, merchants, and travelers place for two nights, Saturday and who go to Japan are regarded by the Sunday, which sho1.!ld be well prepared Japanese as Christians, but many of for, and carefully followed up afterthem show little trace of Christ's spirit ward. It was decided to reach the and teaching, and are a stumbling-block whole city thus in the three autumn to the Japanese who studies Chris- months, by taking eight of the churches tianity. The Japanese who has dished in turn on the Saturdays and Sunldays, up to him every morning. the American so that every church and mission hall and European record of crime and dis- would have its turn within the thirteen honesty is apt to look askance at the weeks. The object to be kept in view Christian messenger who asks him to in these meetings was that of enadopt the religion which is supposed to deavoring to bring as many as possible reach its climax in places which his to a definite decision." newspaper portrays. as morally much worse than, Japan. So if the entire What Japanese Think of the War moral advance has not been, under God, due to the missionary, he may pROFESSOR W. E. HOFFSOMfairly claim to have been the instru- MER writes to the. Christian lntelment which has brought about the greater part of the advance." ligencer; "So far, as I have been able to see the effects of the war among Evangelistic Campaign in Progress the Christians ip Japan, there is noth- ing to worry about. They are an re- A UNITED three years' evangelistic adjusting their ideas of just what is Christianity and what are the ideas of enterprise was inaugurated in Japan Christ in regard to the questions that last spring, and prayer-meetings were held in various parts of the country.

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are burning issues to-day. And they established as there is need. The na- are judging, too, more closely, the mes- tives are being taught new trades.'

sengers of this religion. Tho~e of Lectures on agriculture, stock breeding, them who have caught the spirit of sericulture, fishing, mmmg and the Christianity and applied it to their per- trades are being given.

sonal lives are shaken only, and not Voluntary Korean Colporteur. upset. But it seems to me that the T question is a diffel ent one when we HE Presbyterian missionaries in Andong district, Korea, have tried come to speak of the non-Christian.

He looks at the living epistles, and for to impress upon the church-members the man in Japan who does not dis- that it is their business, and not that tinguish between different forms of of paid colporteurs only, to sell por- Christianity, it is a difficult problem to tions of the Scripture to unbelievers.

solve how these teachings of the Chris- Last year the six paid colporteurs sold tian religion and some of the practises some 7,000 portions, while the other agree." church-members sold 10,000. A novel Japan'. Work in Korea plan for stimulating effort was also tried in this district. Three banners THE Governor-General of Korea has were maXIe for each helper's circuit issued an elaborate illustrated (from three t6 twelve churches), one official report on progress and reform going to the church doing the most in this new Japanese province in 1912- preaching per capita, another to the 13. The report is in English. !twas church selling the most Gospels per compiled under the date of December, .capita, and the third to the church 1914, at Keijo, as Seoul is now known. gaining the most new believers per Its maps are many in number, and the capita. All might go to one church, or illustrations' in photogravure are a re- all might go to different churches. The markable feature of it. Korea was banners are held for one year, and then taken over by the Japanese for colo- will be iost if the church does not nization and political purposes. It is also for this year do the best in its already the receiving ground for circuit. Two churches sold over 2,000 throngs of Japanese. It is evident Gospels each, one church preached to from the report that the government- over 30,000 people, and another doubled general is paternal. That much is its' membership.-Assembly Herald. being done is manifest. The Koreans as a race are backward. The Japanese AFRICA are aggressive, and this quality is pic- tured in the administration of Korea. Egypt No Longer Turki.h T Judging from the comparative statistics HE Crescent comes down, the Cross is lifted. That is, Great Britain and photographs, railroads are being built where there were only trails, has established a protectorate over schools have been erected, police intro- Egypt, Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Arthur duced and law enforced. A point is Henry McMahon has been appointed distinctly made that the government- His Majesty's High Commissioner, and general desires to be just to the Kor- Prince Hussein Kemal has been made eans. Old usages are followed in ad- Sultan. This is thought to be the first ministering justice. The temples of act in the dismemberment of the Turk- the Koreans are preserved and the ish Empire. For many years Turkey sacred compounds protected. Some 400 has been nominal sovereign in Egypt public schools are now subsidized by but Great Britain has been virtual the government. Hospitals. have been master. .When Turkey foolishly at-

tempted to incite its population to par- evangelical church. There is, further, ticipate in the present war, raising the a idistinct movement of reformation in appeal for another "Holy War," Great the ancient church of Egypt-an ad- Britain met the challenge by lowering vancing use of the Arabic colloquial in the Crescent at Cairo and lifting the place of the unintelligible Coptic, an Union Jack. And now let us hope, in increasing use of the Scriptures in the spite of the fact that the flag of Great services, more preaching and Bible ex- Britain is floating to the breeze where position, growth of schools for girls, men are engaged in a most unchris- and other work for women. The detian war, that the Cross will be magni- velopment of Sunday-schools in the fied for all the future in the land of Coptic churches is proposed as the the Pharaohs. The territory included most promising way of transforming it in the protectorate is about 6,000 square in an evangelical sense. There could miles and the population coming com- hardly be a more certain guaranty of" pletely under British dominion is about a Reformed Church of Egypt than a 6,000,000. widespread movement of this kind.

A Refonn in the ~optic Church A New Bible Tranalation BOUT six per cent. of the popu- lation of Egypt. or some 670,000 THE British and Foreign Bible Sopersons, we are told, belong to the ciety is publishing a tentative ver- Coptic Church. They constitute a distinct community, with their own schools, sion of St. Mark's Gospel in a new cemeteries and civil laws. While only African language: a form of Somali four per cent. of the Moslem popu- which is current in Italian Somaliland lation can read and write, more than and further south across the frontier ten per cent. of the Copts can do so. of British East Africa. St. Mark's The Copts in the cities are clever Gospel, which the Society is now mer-chants and the number of extremely printing, has recently been translated wealthy Coptic families has consider- into Somali by the Rev. P. Olsson, ably increased. The Egyptian Protes- who is a member of the Swedish Evantants are largely persons who have gelical National Society's mission at abandoned the Church of the Copts, Yonti, near Kismayu in British East but there is no such chasm between Africa. He has been helped in his Protestantism and Romanism. Protes- version by Somali natives, including tants feel a sense of historical relation- one named Daher bin Abdi, who has ship to the ancient church, desire its been educated in Sweden and in Engreformation, contribute" to its schools land. The translator informs us that and church construction, attend its con- the number of Somalis in British East gresses. American missionaries are in- Africa was estimated a few years ago vited repeatedly to speak in Coptic to be 20,000; but along the banks of churches. This has gone so far that the J uba River there are living about the solemn ritualistic services on Good 20,000 Bantu negroes'-former slaves, or Friday have been suspended, and Mr. the children of slaves, of the Somalis, Reed, a Presbyterian clergyman, in- and these also speak Somali. The bulk vited in to give an exposition of the of the Somalis are, however, found Scriptures. Great numbers of Coptic across the river in Italian territory. It laymen and school-teachers and some is believed that the Ogaden-Harti "dta- Coptic priests have been educated in lect in which St. Mark's Gospel his American Presbyterian schools and been prepared will be intelligible to cherish the friendliest feelings for the the greater part of the tribesmen in Somaliland.

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Work Amona Moslems in Nilleri& churches in the Islands,' that authority be sought from the Mission Boards in MISS CLARK of the Sudan Interior the United States permitting mission- Mission tel1s a remarkable story aries to labor without perpetuating deof a spontaneous movement among cer- nominational names, and that plans be tain Mohammedans of the Sudan. Some made for and methods of cooperation forty-five years ago a Mallam came adopted among the various bodies ~t from the East to Zaria (Nigeria) and work. began preaching that Mohammed was not a prophet of God and that the AInc:lustrial Mission in the Philippines Koran was a lying book. After a time TYPICAL example of the kind of he was arrested, and his disciples fled work being done in the Philippines further east, and, tho not attaining to under the direction of Bishop Brent at any positive faith, continued to uphold Sagada, a place lying in the wild mounthe doctrine of the Koran's worthless- tain regions inhabited by the Igorots, a ness. A few years ago, Dr. Barjary, pagan people of Malay origin. In one of the Church Missionary Society of the adjacent mountain gorges is a visited them, but found no response great saw mill run by the mission, which among them. Last year, however, a provides employment for hundreds of man came into Zaria, to Dr. Miller, men, women and children, and which .is and asked for teaching. He returned called by the native director, "A benelater with another, saying that what diction from Heaven." At Sagada there they wanted was not learning, but re- are large workshops where all kinds of ligion. They then opened up their tools and tinware are made. In other hearts and told how they and many buildings the girls do lace work, and others of their people had been waiting weave beautiful native cloth. A great for the Word of God. Dr. Miller has stone church is in process of erection, sent out Christian young men who have and also a hospital. The whole mission chosen a central town and for twenty is lighted by electric light, the plant miles around these anti-Mohammedan being under the direction of two Igorot Protestants gather each Sunday for in- boys, and there is a first-class printing struction in Christianity. establishment under the direction of an Igorot young man twenty-three years ISLANDS OF THE SEA old, with Igorot assistance. At a recent visit to the mission by Bishop Brent, Unity in the Philippine. over eighty candidates of all ages were confirmed, and after ten years' work A CONFERENCE looking toward the there have been over twelve hundred more complete union of the evan- persons baptized in the community.- gelical churches at work in the Philip- The Churchman. pine Islands, was held in Manila in October last, and was characterized by MISCELLANEOUS a very helpful spirit of unity. Two Americans and two Filipinos from the A The Unreached Millions Presbyterian, Methodist, Episcopal, CCORDING to carefully compiled United Brethren and Christian Mis- statistics, about twenty million volsions were present. Representatives umes of the Bible, or portions of it, from the Congregational and Baptist were printed during 1913, and of these Missions expected to be present but about eighteen million were put into failed to. reach Manila. Resolutions circulation. But "what are these among were passed requesting that the Lord- so many?" Asia alone contains about ship of Jesus and the authority, of the 934,000,000 people. The total popula- Holy Scriptures be fully recognized. that a common name be found for all

tion of the world to-day is approxi- of view. It is, "Forward to Christ." mately 1,730,000,000. Asia,the~efore, con- Christ, the Captain of our Salvation, tains in itself 138,000,000 more people like King Henry of Navarre, is far in than are to be found in all the rest of advance of his army. He is in the the inhabited world. In other words, if van. He calls on all his faithful fol- all the people of the 'world, Asia ex- lowers to advance to his position. We cepted;-. were in the continent of Asia can never overtake him in. his eager there would still be room for one and advance for the conquest of the world; a half times as many people as there but we can devote every energy to are in the United States of America. pushing toward the front of the far- In British India there are over 312,000,- flung battle line. "The Son of God 000 people, in China about 400,000,000. goes forth to war, who follows in His When it is realized how many millions train ?"

of people on the earth's surface are ONE The Ex-Governor of Bombay on Minions still unreached by the Gospel and do of the speakers at the last annot possess God's Holy Word, the great nual meeting of the Oxford Misimportance of the work of the Bible sion in Calcutta was Lord Sydenham, Society is slightly comprehended. formerly governor of Bombay Presi- L Let the Pessimist Take Note dency. ET those who think Christianity is An English newspaper quotes his ad- a spent force ponder the following: When Carey, the first Protestant dress as follows: "Lord Sydenham said missionary of the world, went to India, that after five and one-half years of the whole number of nominal Chris- careful study of the tendencies and tians in the world was about 200,000,- conditions of modern India he had come 000. Now there are 500,000,000. When to the conclusion that missionary effort he, in the eighteenth century, went out was playing a far greater part than was from Christendom as a missionary to realized in the raising of high ideals the dark world of heathend6m, the among the people. . . . Perhaps the population of the world was about greatest tribute of all to the work of 1,000,000,000. It is now supposed to the missionaries was the growing numbe about 1,500,000,000, which is only ber of Indian institutions which, withanother way of saying that, while the out being professedly Christian, were population of the world has increased still the direct result of Christian induring this period fifty per cent., Chris'- fluence working upon Indian minds and leavening Indian thought."

tianity has increased 150 per cent, and OBITUARY the ratio shows that the cause of Christ advanced more within the past 25 years Robert .1. Willingham than it did in the 75 years preceding. Our God is marching on. T HROUGHOUT the South there is great sorrow over the death of Dr. A "Forward to Chri.t" Robert ]. Willingham, for thirty years FOREIGN missionary has sounded the devoted and indefatigable secretary . of the .foreign Mission Board of the the right note. During the past Southern Baptist Convention. During quarter century, he says, the cry has his term of splendid service the gifts been, "Back to. Christ." That cry has to foreign missions in the Southern value, for Christ is the ineffable and Baptist Convention increased more than the infinite model of all that is p.erfect 500 per cent. Dr. Willingham .was a in the manifestation of God. But there man who was respected by all and loved '

is a better cry from a missionary point by all who knew him.

'1111

Pl/",'It BOOKS ON MISSIONS "'01 I AND f '. MISSION LANDS ;, :' ;"

………….. …….,…….,// …….. ….~."…..:;-'/ The Present World Situation. John R. shall at the same time relate itself to Mott. 12mo. Student Volunteer Move- the historic, the universal church? Can ment for Foreign Missions, New York, we increase an effective Christian liter- 1914. ature? Can the crushing social problems The reader of Dr. Mott's latest book of the Orie~t be solved, or must we see the new industrial era add to these probmeets with one inevitable disappoint- lems the problem of the slum and tl"ce ment. "Before the war broke out the congested district, which social reformers book was written just as it now appears." are trying to solve for America? Shall The author truly says that the catas- the gulf which separates the whites and trophe "lends a peculiar timeliness and blacks in South Africa become "the meaning to the treatment of the subject"; grave of Christian ideals in that part of but we all feel that the war has wrought the world?" These are among the quessuch a vast international upheaval that tions which mediocre men can answer the present world situation can not be only as they rise to the stature of statesfairly treated without a discussion' of men. the influence of the war. One who has read "The Decisive Hour of Christian After showing that "by far the great- Missions'," and has followed the author's est obstacle to the world-wide spread of message as given before the Kansas City the Christian religion is the unchristian Convention, and in the MISSIONARY RE- impact of our Western civilization," the VIEW OF THE WORLD and the Inter- author enters upon an illuminating disnational Review of Missions must con- cussion of methods by which the impact fess, too, to a certain disappointment that may be Christianized. There is demandthe new book does not contain more new ed a world-wide "campaign of friendmaterial. It is a satisfaction, however, to ship," in which must cooperate the mishave in a single compact volume these sionary's home, the Christian Student messages, as well as other chapters which Movement, the Laymen's Miss,ionary were given as lectures in Andover Theo- Movement, every Christian in America logical Seminary, at Hqrvard University, who comes into contact with foreign stuand at the Boston University School of dents. Theology. In his closing chapter the writer indi- Dr. Matt dwells upon the unprece- cates the chauging emphasis of his own dented opportunity, danger, and urgency thought. On returning from his first of our world situation. He points out journey around the world, he placed chief the contrasts between his earlier and empha,sis upon the need of "a large inlater experiences in various countries. crease in the number of foreign mis- sionaries." At the end of his second The work of Christian missions must journey throughout the principal mission be "empire building." "Few churches fields of the world, he insisted upon "the and missions are planning their work necessity of augmenting the native arm with reference to the inevitable demands of the service/, He is now constrained of even the next ten years." 'Shall the "to shift the emphasis entirely from "untouchables"be absorbed by Hinduism, numbers to quality, and especially to the Mohammedanism, or Christianity? Can we hope for an indigenous church which

spiritual aspects of the life and activity the rural church is in a position of inof the workers." "The conviction deep- fluence out of all proportion to the size ens that what is needed is not so much of his congregation or the amount of his to quadruple our numbers as to quad- salary. Wide-awake pastors. of rural ruple ourselves." Thus at last he would churches will be deeply interested in call the leaders ~f the missionary forces these ideas forcefully presented by Mr. -and all of us-"not only to a more Wilson. thorough handling of the facts and methods, but also to a larger discovery of The World Outlook superhuman t'esources and a greater irradiation of spiritual power.". The second number of this new month- ly is quite equal to the first-which is The Problem of Leadership. By Ernest high praise. .It is devoted to South E. Elliott. 12mo, 119 pp. 50 cents. America, and has remarkably fine illus- Fleming H. Revell CO, J914. trations and. interesting reading. Practical suggestions gathered from The combination price of The World the experience of the National Secre- Outlook and the REVIEW is' $3.00-for tary of the Brotherhood of the Dis- new subscribers only. To foreign counciples of Christ. The human problem in tries postage must be added. Church and State is. almost wholly a problem of leadership-those who are NEW BOOKS faithful, efficient and beloved. Methods are suggested by Mr. Elliott and mate- The City of Dancing Dervishes ahd rial is listed. The book is of practical value to pastors at home and abroad. Other Sketches and Studies from the Near East. By H. C. Lukach. Illus- The Church at the Center. By Warren H. Wilson. Illustrated. 12mo. 98 pp. trated. 257 pp. 7s. 6d., net. Macmillan, 50 cents. Missionary Education Move- London, 1914. ment, New York, 1914. The work for country churches has A Great Missionary Pioneer. The Story of Samuel Marsden's Work in New Zeabeen developed on a new scale in recent years. Mr. Warren H. Wilson, the land. By Mrs. E. M. Dunlop. 16mo. secretary on "The Church and Country 89 pp. Is., net. Society for Promoting Life" for the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions, had signal success in his Christian Knowledge, London, 1914. own rural parish, and has greatly stimulated interest in this important work. His Kiowa. The History of a Blanket Indian present volume deals with the mode of survey for a country parish, suggestions Mission. By Isabel Crawford. Illusand program for the rural church, gives some very useful examples of such work; trated. 8vo. 242 pp. $125, net. Fleming presents some suggestions for rural H. Revell Co., New York, 1914. • church buildings, and ideas that will make the village church a leader in the A Sunday-School Tour of the Orient. country life. When we consider that a By a Commission authorized by the large proportion of students for the ministry and of other leaders in civic and World's Sunday-School Association By religious life come from rural commu- Frank L. Brown. 12mo. Illustrated. nities, and when we see the power which some of these village churches have ex- xvi-374 pp. Doubleday, Page & Co., Garerted to transform the life of the com- den City, L. I., 1914. munity, it is evident that the pastor of A Hero of the Afghan Frontier. The Splendid Life Story of T. L. Pennell, M.D., Retold for Boys and Girls. By Alice M. Pennell. Illustrated. 12mo.

209 pp. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York (Seeley Service, Lon- don), 1914. .

Missionary Crusaders. Stories of the Dauntless Courage and Remarkable Ad- ventures which missionaries have had while carrying out their duties in many parts of the world. By Claude Field, M.A. Illustrated. 12mo. 220 pp. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1914. .

Missions and the Church. By Wilbur B. Stover. Illustrated. 16mo. 204 pp.

Brethren Pub. House, Elgin, Ill., 1914.

The Real Turk. By Stanwood Cobb.

$1.50. The Pilgrim Press, Boston, 1914.

Life in the Moslem East. By Pierr.e Ponafidine. $1.75, net. Dodd, M-ead &: Co., New York~ 1914.

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1915

FOI2

MISSIONA~Y FllQES I. The Christian spirit of German soldiers at the front is seen in the fact that some have sent part of their meager pay to help meet the needs of the missionary societies. (See page 105.) 2. A successful business man recently gave this pointer to 700 ministers: "If you ask a man for ten dollars for missions when he is accustomed to do business in tens of thousands for his own benefit, he despises the smallness of the enterprise. It is belittling to the Kingdom of God." (See page II9.) 3. A remarkable fact is that the Christians of "heathen" China have recently observed a day of prayer for the warring "Christian" nations of Eu.rope. Chinese government officials wefe present at many of these services. (See page 81.) 4. "By one of the great providences of God," says Mr. Basil Mathews, of London, "Dr. John R. Mott, -the Chairman of the Continuation Com- mittee of the vVorld Missionary Conference, is an American, a neutral, and is one of the greatest reconciling personalities in the world to-day." (See page 109.) 5. The pastors of nearly half of the Protestant churches in France are now in the army. (See page 152.) 6. The same notice boards in Changsha, China, which a few years ago held edicts proclaiming death to the "foreign devils," recently displayed posters advertizing Mr. Eddy's evangelistic meetings. (See page 82.) 7. The wild, warlike Vaziris on the northwest frontier of India have told the British government to take away its troops as they will be respon- sible for the present for the peace of that part of the world. (See page 149.) 8. A Peking shop displays this sign every Sunday ~"To-day is worship day." This 1ilent me~sage proclaims a new idea to passers-by, who have always worked seven days in the week. Sunday is now observed as a day of rest in Chinese government offices and colleges. (See pages 82 and 94.) 9. More than half of the population of the United States now live under prohibition laws. (See page 86.) 10. The Constitutionalist government in Yucatan, Mexico, has issued decrees closing all saloons, under penalty of death, suppressing cock-fights, lotteries and gambling, and freeing all slaves. (See page 85.) I I. The zeal of South African Christians converted in Johannesburg, is shown by the fact that, without missionary help, they have established churches in the interior and have erected chapels. (See page 84.) 12. The British government in India has invited American missionaries to take charge of a settlement of robbers in the JIadura district, and offers to meet most of the expense. (See page 148.)

DING LI MEl-THE CHINESE STUDENT

(See the sketch of Mr. Ding's life on page 130) I IE OF THEW RLD'

Vol. XXXVIII, No.2 FEBRUARY, 1915 Vol. XXVIII, No. 2 Olel Seri•• New Series 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111 111I11I11111I111I1111I11I11II1illI ACHINESE PRAYER FOR EUROPE "We meet here this afternoon to pray SECOND time the officials of for peace, and I am exceedingly glad to the Chinese Republic have called have a part in these exercises. As I see upon the Christian churches in it there is not a man that does not desire the land for a season of special happiness-not a man that does not deprayer. On April 27, 1913, prayer sire to see peace reigning everywhere was sought for. China, to-day it throughout the world. This war, the is for those suffering from the terrible result of militarism, has torn the world war in Europe. By the advice or in- to pieces. The President of the United vitation of President Yuan Shi 'Rai, States tried his best to act as peacemaker Sunday, October 18, 1914, was set but adverse forces were too strong. And aside as such a day of prayer for now man having reached the limit of his Europe, and representatives of the resources, we come and pray for' help Republic were present at many of the from Heaven, services. In Amoy, for instance, there were pres,ent the Taotai Wang "The Book of Odes tells us that the Shou Chen; the Su-beng Magistrate, great God rules all under Heaven, and Lai Ju Lin; also Hsin 'Kuei Fang, with splendid power influences the nathe second in command of the Amoy tions of the world for peace. The His- Forts; Wang Ch'en Chang, Chief of torical Classic says: 'Heaven pities the Police; and Chen Ngen Tao, Diplo- people and most certainly hears their cry matic Officer of Amoy. The Taotai in the time of need .. .' Heaven does spoke in part as follows: not want strife, and will assuredly under- stand your purpose. Washington was a man of prayer and in the time of the Revolution a portion of every day was The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by con~ tributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

spent in prayer. Lincoln also, during the School in Peking is an officer in one Civil War in America, spent much time of the Methodist churches, and a in prayer, and at such time as the present prominent member of the Board of we do weII to remember his words and Communications is Superintendent of manner of prayer. He did not pray es- the Sunday-school. pecially for the success of his own armies -not that his soldiers might prove vic- Similar leaders for the next gentorious, but, that war might cease and eration are being trai~ed in mission the whole world be at peace. schools to-day. Within the past four years the principal of the Peking "Recently President Wilson called for a day of universal prayer in behalf of Intermediate School, Mr. W. W.

the struggle in Europe; we are thus but Davis, has built it up from 80 pupils following his example in meeting here to 571. Starting with a few small this afternoon to pray that war may Chinese buildings, his space equipcease and universal peace be established ment has been rapidly enlarged so throughout the entire world. And so that many hundreds of students are to-day unitedly and with one voice in now lodged in half a dozen Chinese unison with this whole nation, we lift compounds or courts, and spread our hearts in prayer. God is not afar their bedding on any available spot. off. He is at all times near-in recipro- During chapel services part of the cal relation-and so will hear and bestow students in this school are forced peace in answer to prayer-prayer of unbounded, unlimited power." to stand under a Chinese mat in the Much has been said about Con- open court. Equipped with a modfucianism becoming the national re- ern dormitory and recitation hall the ligion, but such a spectacle recorded school would be self-supporting.

has not the appearance of China's T adoption of Confucianism. The TRANSFORMATION OF HUNAN HE province that was longest religion of Jesus Christ has taken a mighty hold on the Chinese officials closed to Christianity is to-day and people. May the day soon come one of the most open to the teach- when they shall be fully convinced ing of the Gospel.

that Christ is the only Savior, and In Changsha, Hunan' province, that His is the one religion that where the Yale Mission is located, China needs. Mr. Eddy had remarkably successtul meetings. A thousand Confucian TCHRISTIAN LEADERS IN CHINA students asked to j oinBible classes. HE influence of Christian men This is the capital city which long and women is being felt in many rigorously excluded Christian mis·· commercial centers in China to-day. sionaries. In October of last year In one of the busiest streets of posters announcing the evangelistic Peking this sign is hung out every meetings were hung on the same Sunday: "To-day is worship day." notice boards that a few years ago This is striking to the Chinese, who held edicts proclaiming death to the for forty centuries have worked "foreign devils." Fifteen years ago without ceasing, bartering and selling mobs would have driven out the every day in the year.. The Presi- evangelists; to-day three thousand dent of the Government Normal gathered thrice each day to hear the

OF THE

Gospel message. To-day the mission- years ago, a Confucian Atheist, and aries were welcomed at the gate by a hater of Christianity. At his the same man who in J898 was thrice father's death-bed the young man driven from the city and beaten by asked Dr. Hume, of the Yale Mis- angry mobs. Those who then shouted sion, to pray for him, and last year "kill the foreigner" werer in Octo- when face to face with death in a ber, replaced by the throngs of stu- prison cell during the revolution, he dents who struggled for tickets of ad- prayed to God as his Heavenly mission to the Gospel meetings. In Father. He was baptized last Christ- J900 Dr. Frank Keller, of Yale, nar- mas (1913), and to-day stands boldly rowly escaped from Changsha with his before throngs of students to pro- life while his property was looted. claim Christ as his own Savior and Here in J902 two China Inland mis- the only hope of China.

sionaries were murdered and only This is only a sample of how God four years ago riots occurred that is calling out the new leaders to wit- compelled foreigners to flee while ness for Him in China as he called their churches were burned. forth Paul, the Apostle, nineteen The wonderful contrast to-day can centuries ago, to witness for Him only be accounted for by the power ill Asia Minor and Europe.

of God. The ground on which the pavilion was erected for the evan- EVIL AND GOOD IN NORTH AFRICA gelistic meetings was given by the CHRISTIANS at home have some governor himself, who sent a message difficulty in realizing the dan- of welcome. The governor's band gers that confront residents of such was in attendance, and after the Moslem communities as those found meeting played, "God be with you till in North Africa-in territory con- we meet again." Fifteen Confucian trolled by France and Italy. A pri- principals of schools had joined in vate letter from Tangier, Morocco, inviting the evangelists, and the describes the disturbances there due editors of local papers sympatheti- to the war. The letter, quoted in cally reported the meetings. North Atrica, reads in part: "Re- The three thousand students who cently there was a great panic-all attended welcomed the most earnest, the shops and houses closed; troops outspoken Christian messages and everywhere. The Moors and the the pavilion was crowded a half hour French surrounded the German and before the time to begin. The claims Austrian Legations, and took the of Jesus Christ were presented as the ministers and their whole staff pris- only hope for China and for the in- oners, and marched them on board dividual Chinese. A thousand stu- the French warship. The mountain dents responded to the invitation to tribes have been incited to come and study further the Christian religion. raid Tangier."

The interpreter at these meetings In the midst of turmoil, such as was the son of a former governor has interrupted Christian missionary ·of four provinces and a nephew of work in most Moslem lands, the a former Chinese min.ister to Great North, African Mission of the Amer- Britain. This young man was, four ican Methodist Church has held a

conference at Algiers. Encouraging Johannesburg, who have gone back reports of progress came from to their homes in the Transvaal and every station. Bishop Hartzell, still further into the interior. At who has since proceeded to one place this, "an indigenous African South Africa, writes: "At Constan- l'vfen and Religion Movement," was tine two very important legal de- begun by a man named Fezi, who on cisions have been rendered, one by returning home after his conversion a French judge and the other by a in Johannesburg nine years ago, first native Arab Cadi. Each of these brought his own brother to Christ.

gives the right to a Mohammedan Four years ago several baptisms took guardian to place a boy or girl in place in the community, and these our Christian hostels. In one case, people have now built six chapels a father protested, but was unworthy over a belt eighty miles long. The of trust, and the judge threatened church membership is 140, and there him with imprisonment if he did not is ,not a single mission station in the leave the child alone. district which has'a population of at "A great forward step has been least fifty thousand.

taken in the publication of literature Mr. Bridgman is doing heroic work in the vernacular languages, both in the Zulu Missions. He is a mis- Arab and Kabyle, including hymn- sionary, statesman, teacher, and ex- books, the catechism, and popular ecutive as well as preacher. The tracts on religious subj ects. Bible Zulu mission runs its work depart- stories have been put into popular mentally: (I) The churches, 26 of rhyme, to be committed to memory them with 240 outstations; (2) pri- and sung by the Moslem children." mary schools with 5,600 pupils; (3) Those who are interested in the higher schools for boys and girls, work recently begun by the W orId's besides a theological seminary, with Sunday-school Association for Mos- a total of 41I students; (4) publi- lem children will recognize the im- cations, nearly seven million pages portance of this last sentence. Rev. being issued last year; and (5) the Stephen Trowbridge and his wife, medical work, ministering to some who are assigned to the work for 5,000 patients annually. In connec- Moslem children in the Levant, have tion with ail this, the mission handles recently begun their labors in Cairo. about $82,000 a year, of which The Moslem "Holy War" is con- $60,000 is raised in South Africa.

ducted with swords and guns to REFORMERS IN YUCATAN exterminate the infidel. The Christian "Holy War" is conducted with W RILE the elimination of Huerta loving words and deeds to regenerate from the Mexican tdngle has the infidel. This method must win. not yet brought peace and prosperity, AN AFRICAN "MEN AND RELIGION the new constitutional government MOVEMENT" has issued some important decrees REV. F. B. BRIDGMAN, a weII- that indicate higher moral and politi- known missionary of the Ameri- cal standards. In Yucatan, the far can Board, describes the evangelizing eastern province of Mexico, to which work done by men converted in reference was made in our November

OF THE TIMES

number, a decree was issued closing vention was a great inspiration and all saloons, and imposing a death encouragement to the Christians."

penalty on all who violate the decree. CHRISTIAN ENDEAVORERS UNITE T Two days later cock fighting was FOR PEACE supprest, lotteries and gambling were prohibited, and all slaves were eman- HE various international Chris- cipated. tian organizations have a special opportunity and responsil·ility for How successfully these decrees promoting peace and good-will. Ancan be carried out time only can tell, other of these organizations,' the but they indicate the intention of the Young People's Society of Christian, constitutionalist movement. Thost' Endeavor, which has bral!:hes in who have lived in Mexico' know how almost every country in tIle world, strongly the lottery and gambling in- has started another ,!,orld-wi Ie peace stinct has taken hold of the people. movement. The trustees of the Indian peons have now been given United Society have voted to estababsolute liberty to serve where it lish a distinct department of Chrissuits them best, and to change their tian Endeavor for the promotion of residence without having to pay Peace. Appropriate topics will be debts which have hitherto kept them provided every year in the list of the slaves of their employers. This prayer-meeting topics used by 80,000 liberty to the debt slave is a blow societies throughout the world, and to the haciendado who must now special Peace literature adapted to give better treatment to laborers if Christian Endeavor societies will be they are to be willing to work for prepared. A Christian Ende"vor Inhim. ternational Peace Union has also On November i3th "A decree was been organized, to which anyone is issued prohibiting the kissing of eligible who will sign the following images in the churches, and ordering pledge: all fonts of holy water to be taken "As a follower of the Prince of from the churches. Rules were also Peace I will seek to promote goodmade for the conduct of services. will among men and peace on earth; All foreign priests have been expelled I will work as I have opportunity tofrom the State of Yucatan." ward the abolition of war, and will Under the Huerta regzme the endeavor to cement the fellowship of Protestant mission worker at 11una people of all nations and denominawas compelled to leave the town be- tions throughout the world." cause of persecution, but now, writee Rev. Charles Petran of the Presby- A MILLION TESTAMENTS FOR terian mission: SOLDIERS T "The' Presbyterian congregations HE American section of the Vorld's Sunday-school Associain the States of Yucatan and Cam- peche and. Tabasco held their annual tion is attempting to raise a fund of Sunday-school and Christian En- $50,000 by "nickels" from a million deavor convention at Muna, Novem- Sunday-school scholars, to put a mil- ber 5th to 8th, with an attendance lion Gospels or Testaments in the of 1,000 to 1,500 present. The con- hands of a million soldiers in-armies

now engaged in war. Each book is of our day. This has been a re- to contain the inscription, ·'Presented markable feature, so far, of the by an American Sunday-school European war. Russia at the out- scholar." break of war put a stop to the sale of vodka all through the vast em- A stream of Testaments and Gos- pire, with results so surprizingly pels in various languages flows beneficial that it is said the change steadily, day by day, from the Bible will be made a permanent one. House, New York, to Red Cross or- France stopt the sale of absinthe, ganizations, field hospitals, and other and prominent French writers are helpers of the sick and wounded, now advocating the prohibition of all regardless of nationality. These fonns of alcoholic drinks. Lord Kit- books go out as free gifts from the chener has prescribed no liquor for Bible Society, and great numbers of the English Army while it is on the special khaki editions are supplied to Continent. friends who distribute them among the troops. The London society One of the most significant events has also sent a half million more in America is the great student concopies of the Scripture to the troops. vention which was recently held in Topeka, Kansas, under the auspices of The Scripture Gift Mission of the Intercollegiate Prohibition Asso- England has already sent out 1,750- ciation. One thousand students were 000 Gospels and Testaments, nearly present. These men, and those whom half of them to British and Terri- they represent, are the leaders of totorial soldiers and sailors. About a morrow, and it is their convictions quarter of a million Gospels have which will1argely shape the policies of been distributed among the French the country. troops and the German prisoners of war. The way in which the books During the past two months five have been welcomed by the men of States have voted out the sale of all nationalities indicates an unusually liquor within their borders-Virreceptive mood. The Empress of gInIa, Oregon, Colorado, Washing- Russia took twenty thousand copies ton, and Arizona. There are now with her when she went to the front. fourteen States in the Union that Reports tell of copies of a gospel are dry territory. Alabama and being passed along the trenches where Idaho also have elected legislatures the men have nothing else to read. pledged to prohibition, and legis- Bible readings and prayer-meetings lative enactment to that effect is exare held in the bomb shelters; and pected soon to follow. About 75 there are many true conversions in per cent. of the area of the the fighting line. United States is now dry terri~ory, while 52,000,000 of the people, more THE MOVEMENT AGAINST than half the total population, now live under prohibition laws. In the INTOXICANTS recent elections in Ohio 77 counties out of 88 voted dry, but the liquor THE way in which the movement vote in the "swamps" of Clevelanrl and Cincinnati carried the State. against alcohol is spreading, not only through the United States, but over the world, is one of the marvels

EVENTS

February 8th-Death of Alexander Mackay, 1890, 25th anniversary.

16th to I8th-Laymens' Nlissionary Movement (Presbyterian Church, South), Charlotte, N. C.

23rd to 2sth-La)'meIlS' Nlissionary i1,1ovemcnt (Presbyterian Church, South), Dallas, Texas.

26th-First anti-Christian edicts in Madagascar, 1835, 80:h anniversary. 26th-Samuel N. Lapsley sailed to found Kongo Missions (South Presby- terian), 1890, 25th anniversary.

March 13th-Birth of James C. Hepburn, 1815, 100th anniversary. 29th-Birth of Isabella Thoburn, 1840, 75th anniversary.

April 1st-Birth of William C. Burns, 1815, IOo~h anniversary.

May 12th to 17th-Southern Baptist Convention, Houston, Texas. 20th-Death of John Eliot, 1690, 225th anniversary. 29th-Founding of the Basel Miss. Soci ety, 1815, IOoth anniversary.

June 4th-Birth of George L. Pilkington, 1865, 50th anniversary. 4th to 14th-Y. W. C. A. Student Confaenee, Blue Ridge, N. C. 18th to 28th-Y. W. C. A. Student COllferenee, Silver Bay, N. Y. 25th-Jubilee of the China Inland Mission, founded 1865. 23rd to July 2nd-Y. W. C. A. StudeJlt Conference; Eagles 111ere, Pa, 25th to July 4th-Missionary Education Movement, Blue Ridge, N. C. 30th-::'I1artyrdom of Raymond Lull, 1315, 600th anniversary.

July 2nd to lIth-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Asilomar, Cal. 6th-Five hundredth Anniversary of Martyrdom of John Hus. 7th to 12th-Fifth World Christian Endeavor Convention, Chicago, Ill. 9th-Martyrdom of nine Malagasy Christians, 1840, 75th anniversary. 9th to I8th-2vIissionary Education Movement Conf., Silver Bay, N. Y. 16th to 25th-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Estes Park, Colo. 20th to 30th-Y. T+T. C. A. City COTlferenee, Si!ver Bey, N. Y. 21St to 31st-Y. W. C. A. City Confe1'cnee, Blue Rid{!,e, N. C. 22nd to 30th-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Ocean Park, Me. 23rd-Baptism of Africaner, 1815, loath anniversary.

August 6th to I6th-Y. W. C. A. Student Conference, Asilomar, Cal. 6th to Isth-2v!issionary Education ]I!ovement Conference, Lake Geneva. I3th to 23rd-Y. VV. C. A. City Conference, Lake Geneva. 13th to 23rd-Y. W. C. A. City Conference, Estes Park, Colo.

A MISSIONARY'S MULE-LITTER CROSSING A llRIDGELESS

DR. SUN YAT SEN AT A MODERN RAILROAD STATION, TSINANFU TRAVEL L) CHINA-ANCIENT AND MODER)f

Transformation of

BY REV. R. C. FORSYTH, TSINANFU, SHANTUNG, CHINA .Missionary of the English Baptist .Missioll IlTl-HE Chinese nation has great trunk lines is now the settled an authentic history of policy of the Government. The lines , some four thousand from Peking to Hankow, Peking to L. years, and yet more Shanghai, and Tsingtau to Tsinanfu ~ changes have occurred are in daily operation. The journey within the last fifty on the Peking-Hankow line, in either years than in all the previous mil- direction, occupies about two days of leniums. continuous travel, with sleeping ac- commodation and all other modern Thirty years ago I made a journey conveniences. Already over 5,000 of about 250 miles in eight days by miles of railroad is being operated hard travel, twelve hours a day. The in China, and in a. few years this rough mule litter was my "palace mileage will be more than doubled. car." and had only a covering of Nearly all the railways are owned reed matting to keep out the cold or by the Government and are controlled ram. The mules walked tandem with and operated with profit by Chinese. the Ushentzu" (litter) slung between them. The peculiar jerk and roll The POItal Syltem as if on the ocean instead of on dry land, made some people sick. The The European postal system is now equilibrium was sufficiently precarious in use in all parts of China. When to warrant great care, as a sudden I landed in China in r884 the mails swerve of the animals would upset for the interior had to be received the whole structure, with some danger by agents at the coast port and sent to life or limb or, at least, the dis- overland by foot messenger, who agreeable experience of being plunged made the journey of about 250 miles into a quagmire. in seven or eight days. Letters and papers were sent and received once To-day, however, a journey of in a fortnight, and the mails from equal length can be made by railway London took about two months to with comfort in about nine hours. reach the destination. Now in all The beginning of railroads in China the important towns, especially those was made in 1876, when a line of connected with the coast by rail, twelve miles was built from Shanghai deliveries are made at least once a to Woosung, at the mouth of the day and in some Provincial capitals Huang-pu river. This undertaking four or five times a day. Letters was so strenuously resisted 'by the are conveyed from London to Tsin- Chinese, and caused so much excite- anfu in fourteen days, and before ment among the populace, that the long will be delivered in even less Government was compelled to buy time. the line and transport the rails to the island of Formosa, where they To most of the inland towns letters, rust away unused. The buil.ding of papers and parcels must still be con-

OLD-TIME CHINESE SOLDIERS PRACTISING ARCHERY MODERN FOREIGN-DRILLED CHINESE TROOPS FIGHTING IN Cl:IINA-ANCIENT AND MODERN

19I 5J THE TRANSFORMATION OF

veyed by foot messengers, and so stage is evidenced by the number the carriage of parcels is expensive, who wear ordinary Chinese clothing yet postcards can be sent all over with European hats and shoes. The China for one cent each an:d letters queue, which was forced upon the for three cents. Considering how Chinese men by their Manchu con- short a time this system has been in querors in 1644, is now being rapidly operation it is astonishing how much discarded. When the Manchus tried has been accomplished and with what to compel the women to unbind their ease and accuracy the system is now feet, they utterly failed; but now the being worked throughout China. women are more and more coming to Probably no European country is realize the beauty and convenience of more cheaply or efficiently served natural feet as God made them. It than China, until recently, the most is quite common now among the backward of all countries. The younger women and girls to discard system is at present being worked at the cruel and hideous custom of foot a loss owing to the expensive use of binding.

foot messengers, but with the exten- Another conspicuous change is seen sion of the railways the postal de- in the uniform and accoutrements of partment will be an increasing source the soldiery. In 1885 I found the of revenue. Manchu soldiers armed with bows and arrows and drest in ill-fitting gar- Steam Communication ments; some of the foot soldiers were On sea coast, lakes, and rivers of armed with matchlock muskets, and China some steam boats have traveled other obsolete weapons, while some for many years, tho the fares are had only spears and shields. Now, still very high. The passenger and under European military instructors, freight traffic is enormous. When the entire army has been remodeled, Hongkong was ceded to the British all the soldiers carry modem rifles, Government in 1841, the island had no and are drest in soldierly uniforms traffic, and was merely a barren rock. suited to the seasons of the year.

I t has now a place in the shipping Barracks are built and furnished as in world next to that of New York. By Europe. The men are chosen from a far the largest share of this traffic is better class than formerly, and are conveyed by British vessels; and the better paid. They have proved their number of foreigners in China who efficiency by putting down in the short are of British nationality exceeds space of two months a most formid- that of all other countries combined. aole rebellion having its center in Nanking.

Changes in Manners and Customs Chinese society has been revolution- Changes in the Large Cities ized within the last twenty years. In In the year 1900 all thought of dothing, for instance, the loose flow- adopting western ideas was scouted lng robe is being rapidly replaced by by the Chinese and the people se~med the tight-fitting European style of gar- possest with the idea of resisting ment, a less picturesque, but more everything foreign, and adhering convenient costume. The transition rigidly to their ancient customs. To-

day all this is changed. Some of the ings and residences is now largely Provincial capitals are now lighted, adopted and it is becoming more and at least in their main streets, with more common. The electric teleelectricity, and are vigilantly patroled graph is in daily use in all large by policemen in uniform. The streets cities, and in most of the important in Peking have been gradually trans- towns messages may be sent in Engformed. Main lines of traffic of lish to all parts of ~he world. The telephone is also in common use and THE FORMER FEMALE BONDAGE even Marconigrams can be trans- mitted from Peking to various centers Typical Woman with Bound Feet in the Provinces. The native city of Hankow, which was for the most ample width traverse the entire city. part destroyed by fire during the These are macadamized, frequently late revolution, is now to be rebuilt. watered by hand to prevent raising in modern style with all the conthe dust, are lined with trees and veniences of modern civilization. lighted with rows of electric lamps. They are worthy of the capital oi. the In some cities public parks and great Republic. The officials now open spaces are being reserved for dress in European costume and drive the public, model prisons are being to and from their residences in hand- built, and large halls for the transsomely appointed broughams, instead action of public business are now of the old-time, rough, springless carts formed in all the provincial capitals. or sedan chairs borne on the shoulders by carriers. The entire remodeling of the ju- dicial system is one of the many Foreign style in government build- reforms to which the officials of China are now committed. Until this is accomplished no first-class European powers will be willing to allow their nationals to submit to her tribunals. Soon China, like Japan, will rise to the position of other great powers and will impose her laws impartially on all who live with- III her jurisdiction.

The New Republican Government This is, perhaps, the greatest of all the recent changes in China. The ease, completeness, and celerity with which this enormous change has been made is the more astounding the more it is understood. Those who know China best, were as much sur- prized and confounded as were any others. The change seemed utterly at variance with all that anyone

TRANSFORMATION OF CHINA 9I

acquainted with the people. would dynasty. Now, in their turn, the have predicted. From what one Manchus have been put aside as knows of the habits and customs of utterly incompetent, and have been this ancient people, of-. their almost- compelled to retire without blooduniversal reverence and respect for shed. This is a remarkable instance the past and rigid adherence to cus- of wisdom, discretion and toleration toms rooted in their remote and on both sides, especially on the side venerable history and daily practise, of the Republican leaders. none could have believed that their _ The reasons for this sudden change THE NEW FREEDOM FOR WOMEN IN CHINA A Christian Woman Js Conference at Weihsien, May, 1913. Three hundred Chinese del egates attended, 25 of whom traveled on foot an average of 27 miles. Nine of these were over 70 years of age entire thought and system could have are, perhaps, not difficult to find. been "so completely altered and in so There had been gradual preparation short a time. The transition from for it during many years. The an Imperial Government to a modern scholarly classes fr0111 whom, for Republic is one which would have many centuries, the rulers of the been beyond belief a few years ago. nation have been almost exclusively chosen, came to realize that unless The Manchu dynasty has disap- radical reforms were speedily instipeared as suddenly as it arose, nearly tuted, the nation would soon cease to three centuries ago, when the hardy exist. The object lesson of Japan, band of warriors frori1 Manchuria once controlled by China, rapidly seized the reins of government from transformed from the position "of an the worthless rulers of the Ming

inferior crace to that of a first-class Am&rica, brought: back new ideas power, .was brought home· ·to the and put their talents at the serv.ice thoughtful and influential student of their country. All the noted ttlclass when the Japanese fleet utterly formers were men of this type. " destroyed the Chinese navy and forts in Wei-hai-wei. The lesson was . The influence of Christian liter~­ further enforced by the victory over Russia. This was a most startling ture also and of Christian missions has been very marked and is be- coming more and more recognized.

THE ANCIENT CHINESE "COURT OF RIGHTEOUS (?) JUDGMENT".

IThese have now been replaced with modern courts modeled after those of Europe and Arheric.a revelation to the Chinese. Western Christian men have been plac~d in education and other sources of en- prominent positions in the governlightenment had also been at work ment service and have not found that for some time. The Government had their frank avowal of belief in the chosen able men to represent it in Christian faith has hindered them Europe and America, and these from attaining the rank even of brought back new ideas which bore Cabinet ministers. fruit. Veteran statesmen like H. E. Li Hung Chang· visited the great The First President powers of the West. Young men of ability, who were sent by. the Perhaps the greatest individual government to study in Europe and element in the change to the present form of government is in the person

·, . , THE: TRANSFORMATION OF CHINA'

pi. H. E. Yuan Shih Kai, the first still acknowledged in at least parts of President of the Republic. He dis- Mongolia and Tibet. tinguished himself first as an officer in. the Chinese army, when fighting One of the most astounding changes the Japanese on the banks of the of recent times has been the sum- Yahl river. Subsequently he became mary suppression of opium growing the Governor of Shantung, in place and opium traffic throughout China. of the notorious Yu Hsien, who mas- The government practically forced sacre-d so many missionaries in Tai the British and Indian governments ytlari fu. Yuan was then trans- to discontinue' this infamous traffic, ferred to Tientsin, as Viceroy of the and has thus brought to a close what PrQ~;ii:)ce . ofChihli, and gained the goodwill of. the foreign community PRESIDENT YUAN SHI-KAI hy his lavi~h hospitality. When called to 'the, support of the tottering The Modern Ruler of China Manchu Government he found the forces ,in opposition too strong for has been for so long a disgrace to hini, and· he was suddenly thrown out the British nation. of office. He retired. to his ancestral home in the Province of Honan and Equally drastic measures have quietly awaited.· the dCrMJuement. been taken against rebellion and in- After four years the Manchu Gov- ~ompetence in the Parliament. Four ernment recalled him when the revo- hundred members were summarily I~ltion broke out, and by consummate expelled and the remainder were left skill and patience he persuaded the powerless to act. Careful selections Manchus to retire and to accept the new republic.

President Yuan has succeeded beyond all expectation. This is freely admitted by alI who are able to take a just estimate of the difficulties. to be faced and overcome and the large measure of success already attained. That the new RepUblic, tho now only two years old, has been able to put down a very formidable rebellion is a very notable instance of its virility. Loans have been negotiated with the Quintuple group representing the leading financiers of Europe, and these have been secured on fairly equal terms, and without loss of dignity on the part of the Republican Government. The rebellious soldiers have been quelled and brought to obedience, and the rule of China is

THE ANCIENT EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF CHINA Rows of old Examination Stalls. used £o.r Civil Service examinations based on the writings o f Confucius. T hese have now been torn down to make way for modern univ ers ities will have to be made in the prov- the westernized student class in the inces if the Parliament is to work government service. These young harmoniously with the Executive for men exercise a wide influence in the the best interests of the country. various parts of the country from which they come.. Sunday is now Religious Changes observed as a rest day in all the gov- ernment offices and colleges, and all Another .very significant evidence students are free from class attend- Df change is the attitude of govern- ance on that day. The temples are ment and people toward Christianity. largely forsaken by intelligent people, Heathen practises and superstitions and those who frequent them are in have largely lost their hold on the the main the peasantry, the largest minds of, the people. Idolatry is fast proportion of them old women. becoming obsolete, especially among

TRANSFORMATION OF CHINA

One instance of the decline in and girls are being brought up to idolatrous practises is that the pil- despise the idols in the temples and grimages made to the sacred moun- to worship the only true God. In tain of T'ai Shan, in Shantung, are the surrounding country are found reduced very considerably in recent thousands of Christians, and the years. This mountain is the most chair coolies, who carry VIsitors up famous of the five sacred mountains the mountain side, are Mohammeof China, on whose heights Yao and dans. Shun, the ancient kings, worshiped, and where Confucius himself bowed Christian schools, Christian liter- ature, evangelistic preaching, and MODERN SCIENTIFIC EDU CATIoN IN CHINA The main haU of the Christia.n Institute at Tsinanfu. Shantung down. The pilgrims to the temples patient, persistent teaching in every and shrines onT'ai Shan used to large city and in many villages have come from all parts of China and brought idolatry into general disher dependencies, and were said to repute. number over a million persons from all ranks and classes. In 1912 I In the city of Tsinanfu, where I found the road up the mountain am now residing, immense changes almost .deserted and no one seemed have taken place in recent years. In to be in any of the temples. On~ <)f the year 1900, at the time of the the priests confest that in rece,_,' Boxer troubles, the inhabitants of years the attendance had largely de- this city were in intense excitement, clined. Three missions are repre- so much so that aU foreigners had sented· in the city of Taian, at the to retire to the coast. Now there are foot of the sacred mountain. In the hundreds of foreigners peacefully mission schools hundreds of boys residing in the city, attending their various vocations. Their lives have

been carefully preserved through all Museum would do great credit to the recent revolutions. Preaching is any town or city in England or daily and nightly carried on to America, and is unique as being hundreds, and at times even to thou- wholly devoted to the Christian prosands of interested hearers. There paganda. This building is visited by are here three Protestant places of hundreds of thousands of persons of worship and two Roman Catholic all ranks and classes annually, and ANCIENT SUPERSTITIOUS RELIGIOUS OBSERYANCES IN CHINA The famil~ engaged in the worship of ancestors cathedrals, with thousands of wor- all who come get some knowledge of the Gospel of salvation. shipers in constant attendance. Al! this progDess has been made There is a Christian Institute,* whose within the last few years, and the triumphs already achieved are but a doors are open every day of the week foretaste of the still more wonder- ful advance which we may venture and often at night. The Institute to prophesy will be accomplished in the near future in this thoroughly *There is an Institute building, designed for the awakened, the fast-changing China. use of the soldiers of the garrison, numbering some "These are days when we witness the thousands of men, the only Chinese Soldiers' In- birth of a new civilization in one of stitute in China. There i. a Y. M. C. A. for the the greatest nations on earth." young men and students; a kindergarten, with 200 pupils; live Sunday-schools, with hundreds in attendance. A medical college, with some SO students, and a hospital, with 100 beds, will soon be attached to it. The Arts College, from Weihsien, and the Theological College and Normal School, from Tsingchoufu, in connection with the Shantung Christian University, are to be removed, and are planned to be built outside the south suburb wall, close to the Institute and Medical College in Tsinanfu.

CHINA EXEMPLIFIED IN NANKING CHRISTIAN

Students of Nanking University marching to celebrate the first anniversary of the establishment of the Chinese Republic A Notable Union Work In China THE INTERDENOMINATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF NANKING BY PRESIDE:-<T A. J. BOWEN, NANKING, CHINA ANKING offers the cial evangelistic associations, in which Chinese and foreigners unite to make IlNJ'~ most .striking illustra- their work more effective. The uni- tion of thoroughgoing fying power of a great and common and successful union task is breaking down denominational work in China. It is, barriers, as the real object of our ~ however, only typical, task is more clearly realized-the for similar UDlon educational work is winning of men and of nations to carried on with great success in half allegiance to Jesus Christ. a dozen other large centers, and co- operation in a lesser way is prac- The Growth of Union Work in Nanking tised in many smaller centers. Union effort is not limited to educational The union work in Nanking had work, for 1110st of the translation, its origin in prayer and in deep printing, and distribution of Chris- searching of heart. The missionaries tian books in Chinese is done by did not sit down and, in their wisinterdenominational societies. dom, reason out that union was sen- sible and best. Neither did they drift Evangelistic work is permeated by into cooperative relationships. All are a very large spirit of cooperation and profoundly convinced that God Him- federation, and nearly all of the self has been leading them. Prayer and eighteen provinces have now provin- heart-searchinghav·e brought greater

faith ancI trust in His leadership, and awakened Chinese young women who have made ;].11 eager to follow His will. desire a larger life and service. The management is in the hands of a local Nanking has been benefited, also, in Board of Directors representing the the spirit of fellowship that has missions participating. marked its missionary history from its earliest days. The union institu- Dr. Tsao, a very efficient Chinese tions there are a tribute to the pio- physician, is in charge, and carries neer missionaries, who so imprest forward successfully the work begun their spirit upon the standards and by the late Dr. Lucy Gaynor. ideals of mission work that obtain in Nanking. The University of Nanking began its actual work in February, I91O, by Union educational work was first combining the h i g her educational undertaken by northern and southern work of the Presbyterian, Disciples, Presbyterian churches, who joined in and Methodist missions in Nanking. conducting a Union Theological Sem- About a year previous to this, the inary in I906. Later, the Disciples Presbyterian and the Disciples had and the northern and southern Meth- effected a union, and these, with the odists entered into the plan to form Methodist school, form the present inthe Bible Training-School and the stitution. The work illustrates many Affiliated Schools of 'Theology. It of the advantages and possibilities of was thought best to work together union enterprise. a few years before completing the formal organization, and merging the In the spring of I9I I the East property. Five Chinese Christians China Union Medical College was oract with an equal number of foreign- ganized and located in Nanking, iners on the Board of Management, and cluding the three missions in the Union the faculty, Two courses of in- versity, the northern and southern struction are offered, Oile for men Baptists, the southern Presbyterians, with coIl e g e preparation, and the and the southern Methodists. At first other for men with less preliminary this Medical College had a separate training. About one hundred stu- board of managers, was on an independents are now enrolled, and the in- dent financial basis, and in all restitution has the warmest support of spects independent of the University. the Chinese in all of the churches of Each mission was to furnish a physithat region. The theological de- cian on the teaching staff, $2,000 for partment is entirely independent of property, and an annual grant of the University, tho there is close co- $300 for running expenses. Having operation between faculties and stu- no buildings or adequate equipment dents, in the beginning, its students lived in the University dormitories, and used The Union Nurses' Training-School its class-rooms and laboratories. As was founded in I908 to train young yet only two classes of students are Chinese women as nurses in homes under instruction, a beginning class, and hospitals. Seven denominations and those who were studying mediare supporting the institution, and its cine in the various mission hospitals. graduates are in great demand. This offers a splendid field for the newly The Union Bible Training-School for Women was organized in I91O,

A NOTABLE UNION WORK IN CHINA

but did not begin work until two The East China Union Medical years later. Seven societies are sup- College became the Medical Departporting this school, and its students ment of the University in 1912, and are chosen from the various mission came under its Board of Managers Bible training-schools and from the and Board of Trustees. Eight physigirls' high-schools. It aims to give cians, with the highest qualifications, only advanced courses of study. are on the staff of this department. It is acquiring its own hospital, and During the summer of 1913 a is erecting an operating pavilion at Un ion Women's College for the Yangtse Valley was projected, to be the cost of $5,000. The University located in Nanking, but actual work has not yet been started. Some ten staff of phyeicians, together with th" or twelve women's societies are in- other 'physicians in the city, and the terested in this enterprise, and it may Nurses Training-School, will operate fill a growing need and occupy a a small hospital for foreign patient large place in the future development that has been built recently in Nanof "young China." king.

A Typical Union University About a year ago representatives of the Hangchow Medical College, con- The development of the University ducted by the Church Missionary Somay be taken as an example of union ciety, met with the authorities of the edt1cational possibilities in Chi n a. University, and worked out a satis- What has taken place in Nanking is factory basis of affiliation. This also taking place, in general, in five or medical school for thirty yeats has six other centers in the Republic. The been doing very effective medical basis of union is that each fully co- teaching under the able direction of operating mission shall provide $40,- Dr. Duncan Main.

000 in property or money, support In the winter of 1911, when the revolution began, most of the misfour teachers, and make an annual sionaries were obliged to leave the interior, and a very successful Langrant of $3,000 for current expenses. guage S c h 0 0 I was conducted in Shanghai. Twenty-seven societies All property, even that originally were represented among its students owned by the Missions' Boards, has and teachers. This experiment led been turned over to a Board of Trus- to the expression of a strong desire tees in America, who are elected by for a permanent language school conthe Mission Boards. It is not an af- nected with the University. The first filiation or a federation, but an or- year of this new department (1912) ganic union, that can acquire and was successful beyond our highest exhold property in its own right. It is pectations, and its sec 0 n d year incorporated under the laws of the opened with about fifty in attend- State of New York, whose Regents ance. It is expected that this Lanpass upon candidates for degrees. On guage School will render very large the field the missions appoint mem- service to the whole missionary combers on a Board of Managers to rep- munity of central China. resent the Trustees and the missions, and to have general direction of the A Teacher-Training Department institution.

THE PLAN OF THE QUADRANGLE OF NANKING UNIVERSITY was opened in 1912, and rendered this department is one of very great very effective service when the re- importance. volt of 1913 closed all government and private elementa'ry schools in University Relief Work Nanking. Many of the old classics teachers were out of employment and The very distressing famine of destitute, and all of their movable 191 I-12 in the regions north of the possessions had been taken by the river from Nanking sent thousands soldiers. They had no western learn- of refugee families south seeking reing, such as must be taught in gov- lief, and Mr. Joseph Bailie, one of ernment schools, and their lot was a the University staff, was set aside to hard one. As a means of affording help distribute foods and supervise relief, sever.ty-five of these old clas- relief work. He was so instrumensics teachers, selected upon examina- tal in interesting the Chinese in more tion from nearly three hundred ap- permanent forms of relief work that plicants, were received into the train- the University has been glad to have ing departments, and were given a him devote all of his time since then short course in the elements of west- to two lines of work for the poor, ern education, and some modern ideas which give splendid promise of great of effective methods of teaching. The usefulness to China. The one is· the Relief Committee has given the Uni- conducting of experimental work in versity some financial aid to make it planting tens of thousands of trees possible to take in these men at ve·· on one of the barren mountains just little cost to themselves, for they had outside of Nanking, where nearly a little to give in the way of fees. thousand acres of mountain-side h]~ been acquired. The other is an ex- The need for trained teachers to periment in colonization work, wher:: man the government, private, and families from the famine regions are mission schools is so pressing that enabled to settle on the large tracts

THE NORMAL SCHOOL BUILDING AT NANKING UNIVERSITY of waste land thirty to forty miles ated, but it is also entering into larger north of the city. In this region large relationships with the four provinces areas 116 waste, which, before the Tai of east central China. Plans are be- Ping rebellion, were cultivated and ing perfected for the closest possible populous. The Chinese gentry and coordination and affiliation of all of officials have turned over nearly ten the educational work. of these provthousand acres of this land near La; inces , with their popUlation of nearly An-hsieti. to Mr. Bailie's Colonization one hundred million . Nanking is Association, which is composed of looked to as the center for the unirepresentative Chinese officials, mer- versity work of this part of China, chants, and scholars, and foreigners . and most of the neighboring colleges Refugee families who have proved are discussing a basis of union or afthemselves worthy are being located filiation with the University. The on this tract of land. When another aim of those engaged in educational serious famine comes, a group of six work in east central China is to deor eight destitute families will be set- velop a unified system of education tled about this already established for that region, with practically unifamily, and will be taught by them form courses, leading from primary how to make this land productive schools through the University. enough for self-support. Some Advantages of Union Through this kind of work the University hopes to demonstrate to Many advantages result from this the Chinese that the barren hills and union work at Nanking. It has broadunproductive wastes can be made to ened the vision, as well as the scope, support life and yield a fair income. of our possibilities. Enterprises are being successfully carried forward The Union University is not only seeking to render varied service to the community in which' if is situ-

that never would have occurred to Moreover, this union work is placanyone mission or church to try sin- ing before a r~pidly growing Chinese gle-handed. Union has made an ade- church the right ideals of Christian quate educational program not only life and fellowship. The Chinese will desirable but possible and essential. surely find it more difficult to' believe that the Father sent our Lord into Again, union in Nanking is dem- the world if we carry into our work onstrating to the mi-ssions and to SOME RECENT GRADUATES OF NANKING UNIVERSITY churches in the home lands that dif- for them the dissensions that apparferences in doctrine, government, and ently so often actuate Christian peopractises are not of sufficient import- ple in America. It is a commendable ance to keep the most diverse bodies effort to answer our Lord's prayer apart when they realize the great- "that they may be one that the world ness of the task before them, and the might believe." We, who by our very opportunities pressing on every side. profession claim to be teachers of the Practical, effective, Christian union glorious Gospel of Christ, the Gospel is possible in China. The question of love and of humble service for will arise) with ever-increasing fre- others, must exemplify its spirit in all quency, and with more and more in- of our relationships with other Chrissistence in the home lands, "Is not tians. These union enterprises put greater union and cooperation at us in a rdationship of the largest home as advisable and as imperative possible service to those whom it is as it is in non-Christian China?" our duty to serve.

War and German

BY M. SCHLUNK, INSPECTOR OF MISSIONS, HAMBURG, GERMANY HE war has descended and money. Unspeakable privations and an iron will are requisite to . like a dreadful fatality. success, but we are firmly convinced T For years its shadow that it could not be the will of God that the crime of Seraiewo should had repeatedly dark- remain unavenged and truth and justice be disgraced. Thousands m ened the horizon, but have learned to pray again, the thanks to the efforts of church services have been visited our Government, together with the more than ever, and behind the strong will of our Emperor, the evil fighting army stands a praying nation. has again and again been removed. ·This time, however, it was not to be. We have also felt the war to be a Indeed, only one opinion prevails judgment. The whole nation is among the whole German nation, that bowed before God in earnest penithe Emperor and the Government tence; it is willing to accept whathad used every possible means con- ever punishment God considers necessistent with German honor, patience sary. 'ATe can not believe that we and forbearance, to prevent the cat- are responsible for the war, for we astrophe. Finally, however, as our feel, with our Emperor, that we are enemies continued their armaments acting in self-defense. Russia was the whole German nation, regardless joined by France, France by Great of political parties, recognized that Britain, and these by Japan. We war for the defense of the father- were surrounded by arms on all land was inevitable. Millions of sides. The deep earnestness of our Germans left their homes, their nation grew and our watchword refamilies, and their work; high and mained: God is still our mighty and low hurried to take up arms to safe stronghold. The enemy can not defend the existence and the honor overpower us. of their native land, or else to devote themselves to the work of Christ Effect on Missions behind the battle-scenes, under the sign of the Red Cross of Geneva. One must be aware of the feelings The whole German nation is united of the German nation in order to in a desire that by conquest we may comprehend the effects which the war obtain a warrant for a lasting, has had on our missionary work. honorable peace. At the moment when mobilization began, missionary work at home came The tide of national enthusiasm to a standstill. The missions at engendered a wave of religious Basle, Barmen, Berlin, Niesky, and awakening and deepening, for which other centers, were obliged to close many have long been wishing. We their seminaries at once, because are all aware that great sacrifices nearly every able-bodied pupil must be made, sacrifices of noble hastened to report for military or lives, sacrifices of strength, health

sanitary service. The teachers of the Several mission boards, however, missionaries volunteered for pastoral managed to remit the most necessary work or other service. Thus the amounts at the beginning of hostili work at home decreased considerably. ties. The missionaries in all the Missionary festivals were also stopt foreign fields have been obliged to in the first weeks, not only because attempt a new organization of their all railroads were placed at the dis- work, in order that they might mainposal of the Army, but also because tain it independently, spiritually as the general interest was so absorbed well as economically, with a reduced by the war that nobody could give a staff of European workers. This thought to such festivals. refers chiefly to the numerous mis- sions in British colonies. The minds The effect was also immediately of all have been somewhat eased by felt in the missionary income, which the British authorities allowing a for a short time entirely ceased, so continuation of our work under certhat it appeart?d as if the war would tain conditions. It has been possible cause the missions the· greatest fi- also to maintain a slight connection nancial difficulties. This would have between the leaders at home and the been all the more fatal, as many mission fields by way of neutral German societies were in a very countries. critical situation. The Moravian Mission had not given up their work The greatest uneasiness, however, in Unyamwezi, German East Africa, has been aroused by the opening of notwithstanding great difficulties; the hostilities in the German protector- Berlin' Missionary Society had begun ates. Samoa and Togoland, West a very successful campaign against Africa, were first attacked, then the the ever-returning deficit, and hoped Japanese attacked Kiau-chau, and at at last to balance their accounts last nearly all the German protec~ without new debts. The North Ger- torates have been drawn into the fight. man Missionary Society saw its debts This has caused great difficulties to growing in an alarming manner. the German missionary societies. First Thus the most disastrous catastrophes of all it has compelled the German were threatened. Governor, because of the small number of defenders, to call also Great Britain's share in the war the missionaries capable of military disturbed the world's traffic and ren- service to take up arms, notwithdered matters more alarming. Mis- standing their ordination. By these sionaries on the way from the mis- means the North German mission in sion fields to their homes might be- Togoland was robbed of almbst half come prisoners of war and communi- of its small number of workers, and cation with 'the missions would become the messengers of peace fought for impossible. England has captured life, against white and black soldiers. German missionaries who were out- In the same manner the missions of ward bound, and by the disturbance the Berlin, Barmen, and Basle soof facilities for exchange has pre- cities in China, Province of Canton, vented the German missions in the were robbed of a large percentage of British territory from receiving the their workers, because the Governor necessary means for their existence.

WAR AND GERMAN MISSIONS

needed them for the defense of Kiau- devotion to mission congregations. chau. The missions in Kamerun, In answer to appeals sent out the German East Africa, and in the Boards have received from known Pacific Islands, from which no news and unknown friends large and small has been received, have doubtless gifts. Soldiers at the front have sent had a similar experience. remittances from their pay. Letters as well as personal interviews have The great cause of regret is that the proved that the religious wave ~hich missions have become the scenes of has caught the whole nation has also conflict. How insignificant are these reached the missions, and has deep- exterior obstacles and disturbances in ened the devotion to the missionary comparison with the fact that, in a cause. This explains why some of decisive hour, the leading nations of the German missions have had even Europe that conduct these Christian higher receipts than last year. If missions, are engaged in this war the receipts of other missions have which involves the destruction of decreased and keep on decreasing the work of missions. during war time, it must be accepted as inevitable, considering the many This war of the world renders the gifts for the alleviation of the suffer- mission fields, designated by the ing engendered by the war. There Edinburgh conference as most im- will be no permanent loss to German portant, a prey to the ravages of war financial power, nor is there any and incites heathen against Christians. danger of a famine, rumors of which We feel that this is the greatest blow have been spread abroad. There is that could have been struck at the no fear of lasting. financial damage missions of the world at the present to the German missions. time. The nations which had repre- sented Christianity so much all over In view· of these facts, which have the world should do everything in become apparent during the first .their power to extend the Kingdom months of the war, the leaders of the of God, and to prevent such im- German missions have declined to measurable damage. The natives in accept help from British as well as these heathen lands ought not to see from neutral parties. When British the horrors of a war between the friends of the missions offered to leading evangelical nations of Europe. help our German missionaries abroad, The blow to Christian ideals and we begged them to transmit this aid standards is of far greater conse- to the French Protestant mission, quence than the financial difficulties which is in great straits. Fraternal due to the disruption of commerce aid was asked only for the mission- through the war. aries on the battlefield in case of need; so far as financial aid is con- Immediately after the first excite- cerned, we reserve the right to re- ment had subsided following the fund the money advanced. German breaking out of the war, it be- missions have also willingly received came evident that there was no pres- the aid of neutral friends, to keep . ent danger of financial damage to in some touch with the mission fields German missions. We have been put abroad. to shame by the way in which the evangelical churches have shown their

We confide in the financial power prevent the truth from being known and the warm-heartedness of the Ger- in neutral countries. We can only man Christians, without the slightest pray that the British nation will learn doubt that they will readily give all the truth with reference to Germany, that is needed to pay the debts in- since an understanding and conficurred during the war, as well as for dence can only be based upon truth. the continuation of the tasks imposed upon us by God. As to the tasks which await us after the war only one thing is cer- There rests upon us a heavy sense tain: no matter which way the scales of responsibility and anxiety as to are turned, only a Christian nation, the future cooperation and unity ready for any sacrifice to God, will with British Christians. The German be able to solve the problems which nation feels keenly the war as a will confront us aftee r the war. wrong that has been caused by Eng- Therefore, our earnest prayer is that land. This feeling is increased by God may purify His people in Gerthe many false and, for the greater many by the hardships and the judgpart, senseless reports, that are being ment of the war, and will thus make spread abroad, and the attempts to them more worthy of His service.

British Christianity and the War ·BY BASIL MATHEWS, LONDON, ENGLAND Author of "Livingstone, the Pathfinder," etc.

~~.=..~O/ N all the "far-fiung conciliation. Of both war and mis- battle line" of modern sions, we can say, they have their missions, wherever the center in Europe, but their Clfcum- Gospel has been ference is everywhere. preached (outside the Even as I write Turkish soldiers Americas), the boom of bent on war are rolling down the cannon and the crack of rifle have railway line from Damascus to been heard. The beacons of war Arabia and passing the little station have blazed from Tsing-tau to Mad- . where you get the glorious vista of ras, from Penang to Paris, from the blue waters of Galilee, and where Samoa and the islands off Papua to the good news of Christ's missionary the Orkneys and the Baltic, from kingdom was first preached. Zanzibar through Central Africa Is it true, then-as we have been (where one 0 f our missionaries tells told by Professor Cramb-that "Corus "Hell is let loose") to the sica has conquered Galilee?" Has 'Kamerun country; from the South of the "decisive hour" of Christian mis- Africa (where Moffat and Living- sions been lost, never to return? Has stone pioneered for peace) to Salon- Nietzsche (whose disciples are not ica and the Gulf of Smyrna, where confined to Germany) thrust the Paul proc1aim~d the Gospel of Re- "Pale Galilean" from' His throne?

CHRISTIANITY AND THE

Has the Church of the West left the women ever gathered together- harvest of the East to rot in the French and German, Dutch and fields while she beats her sickles into American, Japanese and Indian, swords? Is the name of our God British and Chinese, Negro and Norblasphemed in the East because of wegian. When we had entered the us? Will the brooding East at the hall we joined in that great prayer dawn of her new life declare, "We beginning "Our Father!" can not listen to the claims of a creed of love whose followers hurl Then we faced together the leap their whole energy of mind, body of Japan into her place among the and spirit into a wild Armageddon Powers, the awakening of China, the of slaughter ?", giant of the East who shook the worId as she rose from slumber, Our answer to the questions re- the seething unrest of renascent poses on two great evidences-first, -rndia, the onrush of Islam in Africa, the reality of our faith that Christ the impact of our traders in every is actually King, secondly the re- island of the Pacific, the most corded effects of war on missions in amazing synchronization of opportuthe East. nities and necessItIes for world- evangelization that Christianity has Effects of the War at Home ever witnessed.

But, first, I would like to illustrate To-day, however, in the hour of in a personal way the depth (as we opportunity, we have hurled all our have already shown the geographical forces, not into seizing it unitedly, breadth) of the effect of war on the but into destroying one another. Tohome field of cooperation in missions, day Dr. Richter and Herr Axenfeldt (that other great German missionary It was in a little restaurant in leader, who, not two months before Edinburgh, that I first met that chief the war broke out, moved the misamong the modern historians of sionary secretaries in England proworId-missionary enterprise-Dr. J u- foundly with a great exhortation on lius Richter-the Professor of the "Love") are in Berlin, and we are 'in Chair of Missions in the University England. Our nations are hurling' of Berlin. His eyes, through his shell and shrapnel at, one another till spectacles, gleamed with enthusiasm the very foundations of the walls of as we talked of the amazing promise the citadel of God which were laid which the World Conference, at at Edinburgh are shattered. From which we were then present, held sky and land and sea, with bomb within it for the future of the world. and shell, torpedo and mine, the labors of our love are being blasted Then we walked back together to to pieces. the great hall and stood at the top of the great stone steps that lead Yet even here happy qualifications up from the iron gateway and the are needed. On the side of interflagged courtyard into the Assembly national cooperation. as between the Hall. The sight, unique in all human British and the great German sociehistory, seemed to authentica.te our ties, which have over eight hundred hopes. Up the steps came the most German missionaries on British terwonderfully varied body of men and

ritory in South India and South and sympathy, and for their readiness Africa, cooperation is, for the time, to render any .possible assistance to smashed! But a fraternal letter received in December by the London German missions which may be in Missionary Society from the German Ausschuss, a Committee equivalent distress. . to the North American conference of Boards, in answer to a message of "It is a great thing for us and for fraternal greeting from our directors, our isoIated missionaries in the field reveals the opening already of a new era of possibly deeper understanding that our common faith in our Lord than ever. Jesus Christ, and the commission en- "Missions-Sekretariat, Basel, trusted to us 'by Him, is a bond of "18th November, 1914. unity which links together, those who "To the Secretaries. of the are widely differing in political con- London Missionary Society. viction and national feeling and makes "DEAR FRIENDS, them ready to help and serve each "We have received, through the Rev. other. F. Wiirz, two precious documents from your Society. "As the war is going on and pressing "The one was the Resolution passed more and more severely upon all conby the Directors of your Society on September 29th, regarding the War ditions of life nearly all over the and Continental Missions, and expressing to Continental ?vfi~sionary Societies, world, many opportunities will arise both French and German, their' deep Christian sympathy in the serious diffi- for the mutual exercise of such Chrisculties entailed upon them by the present disastrous war. tian fellowship, and in many cases German missionarie, will be among "The other was an extract from the Minutes of your South· India District those who need this comfort most, Committee, dealing with the trying con- owing to the difficulty of communicadition of German missionaries in that part of India, with copy of a most kind tion between their home-country and letter of sympathy addrest to them. nearly all their fields of labor. Ve "Both documents have been brought to the knowledge of the German Mis- wish to assure you that every act of sions-Ausschuss, while the resolution ()f your Directors, which you kindly sent kindness and every encouragement us in several copies for distribution, waf handed over to the leaders of German shown to our brothers and sisters in societies.. the field by their British fellow-work- "On behalf of the German Missions- ers, will be gratefully appreciated, Ausschuss' I would ask you to convey both by them and by us, and if, in the our sincerest thanks, both to the Directors of your Mission and to the course of events, British missionaries South India District Committee, for these expressions of their fraternal love should be in distress for whatever reason, we trust that they would find in their German brothers the same fraternal spirit which now characterizes their own actions.

"May it please God in His mercy soon to restore peace between the two Protestant sister-nations which have such an immense common task in the'

non-Christian world, and may they be drawn together even more closely than before in the service of our Lad Jesus Christ.

'Vith warm regards, I remain, dear friends, "Yours sincerely, "(Signed) DR. TH. (EHLER, "Chairman of the Missions-Ausschuss."

CHRISTIANITY AND THE WAR

By one of the great providences of was at war on the Continent, and God, the chairman of the Inter- when the Colossus of Napoleon national Continuation Committee of straddled over Europe, that the the Edinburgh Conference is an modern missionary movement had its American, a neutral; and is one of period of greatest growth. The Bapthe greatest reconciling personalities tist Missionary Society, founded in in the world to-day. British and 1792, the London Missionary Society Germans may not talk to one another in 1795, the Church Missionary Sothrough the smoke of war, but we ciety in 1799, the Religious Tract can talk with Dr. John R. Mott. In- Society in 1800, and the British and deed, he who has been thrice invited Foreign Bible Society in 1804, with by President Wilson to become the the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary American Ambassador in Peking, Society in 1813, started their world knows the men of leading in London, enterprise for the kingdom without Paris, Berlin, Vienna, Petrograd, frontiers. Constantinople, and Tokyo, and commands the confidence of four con- It was when bread was IS. 5d. a tinents, may easily become a factor quartern and 3 per cent. stock of supreme importance when the feU to 54~; when King George was hour for peace approaches. hooted as he opened Parliament and assailed thl'oughout the streets with War and Missions in History yells of "Give us bread"; it was when all England trembled at the If this is the situation to-day, what V1Slon of Napoleon sailing from is the story that history has to tell Calais to invade our shores, that our of the relation of war and missions. intrepid forefathers, while success- The story is as full of radiant and fully holding their own at home, steadying cheer as it is of apparent launched out on their great campaigns patadox. of peace abroad.

The first modern missionary so- Not only have missions been initiaciety, the Society for the Propaga- ted in war time, but in subsequent tion of the Gospel, was founded in wars have carried on their campaigns 1701, during a period in which we with extraordinary vigor. The Criwere at war with France, when a mean War in 1854-55, with the war French invasion was threatened, and with China· and the Indian Mutiny seriously contemplated. The great following hard on its heels, strained epoch of foreign missionary advance the resources of Britain. But the from 1790 to 1815, when most of the story of the Society for the Propagreat societies were formed and when gation of the Gospel, the London the Society for the Propagation of Missionary Society, B~ptist Missionthe Gospel itself took on a more ary Society, and Church Missionary specially foreign missionary cha.r- Society, indeed of all the great soacter, was one of devastating war cieties during these years, is one of accompanied by terrible domestic advance. The facts of the Francoscarcity. Prussian war years also reinforce strongly the evidence that war, by It was thus, in the Revolutionary some strange quickening of symand Napoleonic era, when Britain

pathies, stimulates the support of the Then men are declaring on al1 missionary enterprise. hands that this must be the "War that will end war," the men with The experience of all the mission- the greatest vision are seeing that you ary societies during the months fol- simply can not end war even by the lowing the British declaration of war united will of Europe. Plans have been on August 4, I9I4, gives precisely made for a great armament factory in the same impression. In nearly every Peking-a Krupp or a Creusot for case the societies find their funds China. There can be no peace apart in a better position than they stood from Asia. In.a word, the cause of war in twelve months earlier. Intimate is a great paganism of heart, and the day-to-day contact with the corres- only hope of lasting and glorious pondence coming into one of the peace in all the world is the uni- British missionary societies shows versal reign of the spirit of Christme- that a large body of the sup- the establishment in all lands of the porters of Christian missions are Kingdom of God. resolved that, tho it may involve drastic sacrifice on their part, the I am filled with an unquenchabl~ great work of spreading the Gospel exhilaration and hope even in the of Reconciliation among races and face of this new hell, which, indeed, nations shall not flag in time of war. cries out for a new heaven and a new earth. The fact is that the British people, whatever war-drain may have fallen Corsica may have moment<rrily upon their financial resources, are eclipsed Galilee, but Corsica ended richer in spiritual assets than they in St. Helena, while Galilee, after were last July. Those fatal legacies the dark hour of Crucifixion, blazed of prosperity, the frivolous flippancy into the immortal glory of Resurrecand cynicism of spirit, the growing tion and the conquering progress of grossness and the sensuous preoccu- the enduring dominion of Christ. A pations, the querulous carping divis- light we never expected to see comes ions among our people, hClve all to-day from Christ's strange apocbeen scorched up in a flame of de- alyptic "When you hear of wars and votion. In every street in Britain to- the rumors of wars . . . then they day, the essential missionary char- shall see the Son of Man coming acteristic of Christianity-sacrifice, in power." With Christianity apcarelessness of personal safety in parent defeat has always been the devotion to a common cause, the gate of life, the Cross the prelude surrender of trivial differences for a of Resurrection. With the follower great unifying aim, simplicity of life, of Christ it is always true that: forgetfuiness of social anel racial barriers, endurance, generosity-all . . . We fall to rise these are more vital and active than Are baffled to figbt better they have been in the lifetime of any Sleep to wake. of us.

A Pastor's Missionary

MINISTERS OF WESTERN NEW YORK MEET TO STUDY EFFICIENCY BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON HE fratricidal strife in ~ absolute necessity to How may the message and power T . . Europe is but another of Christ be taken to the regions . proof that the religion beyond so as to enrich foreign fields without impoverishing the parish at of Jesus Christ is an home?

the human race," said These are some of the problems that confront every pastor, and the Col. E. W. Halford in his opening solutions. were convincingly presented in the recent convention of ministers address at Rochester. Creeds and at Rochester. The general compre- hensive theme discust was "The forms will not save the world. The Church at work for the Community, the Nation and the World," and seven power of Christ must be exprest in hundred ministers of the various evangelical communions in Western the lives of His followers in order New York met for a three-days' session (December 7th to 9th). They that men may know what Christianity represented churches with a combined membership of 150,000, and many of really is. It is time for the Church the pastors received a new conception of the function and power of the to reveal Christ or to get out of the ministry, a new realization of their vital relation to Christ, and a new way. vision of their responsibility and opportunity in leadership. "My people are destroyed for lack The program was unique. It was of knowledge," said God in the days planned and carried out by the Lay- men's Missionary Movement and only of Hosea, the prophet, and the people those who had a message born of practical experience were asked to of America and of the world perish take part. Each speaker revealed simply what God had wrought in to-day for the same reason. They him and through him. He spoke as a prophet, and the power to speak lack true knowledge of God, of the had cost him much in sacrificial servIce. world and its needs, of the marvelous The Foundations work God is doing in the world, and The foundations, on which the subof the power and methods that have sequent constructive work was built, were laid in the address by Mr. made modern miracles possible. Charles G. Trumbull, of the Sunday -Vho is responsible for this lack of knowledge and for the consequent destruction? In the olden days the priests and false prophets were charged with the neglect of duty.

Can the pastors escape responsibility for too often misleading their flocks and for failure to feed them with the right food?

How may sickly churches and church-members be revived?

How may idle and selfish Chris- tians be led into sacrificial service?

How may local congregations be made a power to transform the com- munity?

School Times in his simple narrative "By this the three great lacks or of how he had learned the great needs of my life have been miracusecret of efficiency-letting Christ live ously met: in him and work His will through him.! This young man had seen ( I) "There has been fellowship visions that had become realities, and with God . . . many men before him saw clearly the causes of their failures and the path- (2) "There has been victory over way to success. Among other certain besetting sins. . . . things Mr. Trumbull said: (3) "The spiritual results in service "There is only one life that wins have given me such a sharing of the and that is the life of Jesus Christ. joy of Heaven as I never knew was Every man may have that life; every possible on earth." man may live that life." The Rev. Hugh Burleson, the hon- "The resources of the Christian ored Secretary of the Domestic and life are just Jesus Christ." Foreign Missionary Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church, followed "If we would only step out upon with a powerful address on the "Test Christ in more daring faith, He could of Discipleship." do so much more for us." He said: "Are we points of con- "I 'had always known that Christ tact between the world and Christ was my Savior, but I had looked or points of resistance? Do we upon Him as an external Savior, one hinder or transmit His life and who did a saving work for me from Power?" the outside; one who was ready to come close along side and stay by "Are you seeking power for yourme, helping me in all that I needed, self or sharing it?" giving me power and strength and salvation. But now I know some- The Tests of Discipleship are: thing better; I realize that Jesus (I) "A realization of Jesus Christ Christ is actually and literally within and of our responsibility. The crisis me; and even more than that, He of missions is found not in the situhas constituted Himself my very being ation in foreign lands but in the (save only my resistance to Him), conditions existing in pulpit and pew." my body, soul and spirit." (2) "A practise of brotherhood, "This life that wins is the life of not patronage. What shall we think of Jesus Christ; it may be our life for the condescension of those who think the asking-in absolute, unconditional that it is a great benefaction for surrender of ourselves to Him, our them to give their brothers the wills to His will, making Him master things that their Father left to them of our lives as well as our Savior- in His will? we let Him enter in, occupy us, overwhelm us with Himself, yea fiIl "You can not keep your Christianus with Himself unto all the fulness ity unless you are giving it away. of God." (3) "Peace for the world. Give 1 See "The Life That Wins," Su..du.,-Sc/oooJ Christianity a chance. Men have Times. Philadelph.ia, 2c. each. said that education or science or international intercourse, or world commerce or great armaments would bring peace. They have failed. .Only

A PASTOR'S MISSIONARY CONFERENCE 1I3

Christ's message of world brother- causing his soul to shrivel, but he hood will avai!. The golden rule awoke to the danger and took a trip must be infused into national ethics." to the mission fields. When the sight of real heathenism struck him, avarice The Problem of Wealth left him and he determined to leave money-getting and devote himself to The place of money in a man's the business of missions. For some years he has given his services to the life and in church work was force- United Presbyterian Board of For- eign Missions and is now engaged in fully presented by two business men, promoting the Cairo Christian Uni· Mr. A. A. Hyde of Wichita, Kansas, versity. Mr Inness said: and by Mr. George Inness of Phila- "Ninety per cent. of the laymen can not defend their program of delphia. These men have known the life."

temptations and power of wealth and "Giving t.he Gospel to the man who never knew it is the essential have experienced also the joy and part of the layman's business."

satisfaction of surrender of their "Never have I met a non-Christian man in America who has not at some wealth for the larger work of the time consciously turned Christ down. The heathen have never had the Kingdom. They mercilessly brought chance."

home to the ministers their cowardice "When you cut the nerve of opu- lence, you will have no trouble in in failing to preach against the sin of securing ministers and missionaries."

covetousness and their responsibility "Until you have seen heathenism you can never really know why for leading wealthy parishioners to Christ came."

know the blessings _of stewardship. "Vhen a soul is lost that's awful; but when a whole nation is lost that Mr. Hyde, whose address will be is more awful."

published here later, related from his "The sin of unbelief took away Christ's life, but the sin of covetousexperience the ruin that had threat- ness has for 2,000 years deprived Him of His Kingdom." ened his family through wealth, the "When a man tips God with a blessing that had come through gratuity as he tips a colored porter on the train, the minister has a right reverses, and the new opportunities to hold him over perdition until he makes him give up." that a return of prosperity had "It is' the covetous rascal in the brought when money was wholly pews that makes the administration of the mission boards cost so much." consecrated to God. He said: "The life of the missionary abroad "The imperative message of the constitutes a challenge to you and to pulpit to the rich is the curse of material wealth selfishly used."

"As men's bank accounts and bonds and material investments in- crease, their souls shrive!."

One well-known philanthropist wrote: "This money I have given away (about 30 per cent.) is the investment that gives me most pleas- ure." Mr., George Inness2 was a banker, .a hardware and a lumber merchant and. had large investments in Cana- dian wheat lands. – Money was ¥. " -~ Se<i-"Why I Glad I Stopt Getting. Rich," etc. Laymen's M,ss,onary Movement, N. Y.

me to live the same kind of a life have (I) a program of intensive and of service and sacrifice at home." extensive education; (2) a program of prayer to include the whole "The world will be redeemed when world." the manhood of the Church is ready to walk with Christ to· Calvary." "The greatest human reality in the lives of constructive Christian leader- Work, Study and Prayer ship of all times has been interces- sion. The New Testament reveals The organized work of the Lay- only one activity of Jesus Christ men's Movement and the purpose, since the resurrection-He ever methods and results of the Every liveth to make intercession-there- Member Canvass were convincingly fore He is able to save unto the presented by the Chairman of the uttermost." Executive Committee, Mr. James M. Speers, and by Mr. J. Campbell "The climax of the spiritual equip- White, Executive Secretary and ment of the battling saint is inter- Chairman of this Conference.3 The cession-Take the whole armor of practical value of study and prayer in God . . . and over all prayer." the promotion of intelligent interest was set forth with power by Mr. W. Preachers and their Work E. Doughty, Educational Secretary, who said: Dr. Charles H. Patton, Home Department Secretary of the Ameri- "Now abideth information, obliga- can Board, offered some very praction, continuation, but the first of tical suggestions on "The Science these in importance is information." and Art of Missionary Preaching."4 and Rev. J. C. Robbins, Candidate "Facts are the fuel that keep mis- Secretary of the Student Volunteer sionary fires burning. If there is an Movement, told of practical ways in iceberg in your church, then you which recruits may be obtained for haven't been giving them the facts." Christian leadership.

"We need a program of education, Among the most helpf.ul addresses of prayer, and of enlistment for were those that revealed the definite service in every church." experience of ministers and laymen in the city and country parishes. "Great impulses will die out into Mr. Hyde narrated the remarkable whitened ashes unless we put them experiences of the organized "Gospel into a practical program." teams" in Kansas and Oklahoma; Dr. Worth M. Tippy described the "I was led to devote my life to successful work of Epworth Memthe missionary cause by contact with orial Church in Cleveland in making living missionaries, and by the study the church a community force;5 and of missions. At not one point in Dr. Harlow S. Mills thrilled his the development of my missionary audience as he pictured the way in passion was there a pastor at any which the narrow, apparently dying focal point to grasp my life and work of a country parish was revived thrust me out into service." "To be printed later in the REVIEW. "If we are to develop missionary 5 See "The Church a Community Force." Mis.. interest in a local church we must sionary Education Movement. New York.

• The literature on these subjects is available from the headquarters of the Movement in New York.

A PASTOR'S MISSIONARY CONFERENCE lI5

and made to serve the country and ation of our fellow ministers, the folthe world.6 lowing policy: Foreign missions were a vital part "I. That in private and public minof the program and after the ..d- btry we will strive conscientiously to dresses of Robert E. Speer7 and represent the Prince of Peace in His Professor Sam. Higginbottom7 and love for enemies in overcoming of evil Dr. W. F. Oldham, no pastor could with good, and His sacrifice rather than return to his field indifferent to the violence. That we will neither justify call of the world or unconscious of War, nor advocate preparation for it. the value of a world-wide vision and service to bring life and power even "2. That we will ever strive to cultito the local work of the church. vate a spirit of understanding and good- Dr. F. H. Divine, secretary of the will with ministers of all other com- American Baptist Home Mission munions, in order that we may in- Society, rendered a like service in telligently cooperate in our common presenting the "Divine Program of task of Christianizing the world. Home Missions." "3. As pastors, we recognize our re- Two sets of resolutions were sponsibility for leadership in the Uihole passed as one result of the interest 'lt orld program of Christ, and pledge awakened. One series' was adopted ourselves to a more intelligent and seriby the conference as a whole, and ous endeavor to that end. the other, somewhat shorter, was adopted as a policy by the 250 Bap- "4. That our people may be saved tist ministers present. This latter from the sin of covetousness and that we give below, as it indicates the they may enjoy the supreme privileges practical results looked for by them of partnership with Christ in some from the Convention. worthy degree, we pledge ourselves to a more serious study and promotion of "We believe this to have been the Christian stelmrdship of both life and mightiest Missionary Conference in the possessions. history of New York. "5. 'vVe solemnly pledge ourselves "The compelling facts and the in- anew to the intercessory life, and, as spiration of the Holy Spirit of God God's appointed leaders of the churches, have uplifted us all. We can not be we will do our utmost to get our church satisfied with our past ideals and members to give themselves to the life achievements as ministers, or with of intercession. We will also strive to those of our churches. We have seen, form intercessory prayer groups among as in the presence of God, the appeal- our members and among pastors of our ing need of the non-Christian world, communities with definite objectives. the unchristian destructiveness of War and the preparation for War, the small- "6. We agree to aid our members in ness and inadequacy of the church's undertaking a definite plan of soul present propaganda of her Lord's King- 7!'inning. dom, both at home and abroad. "7. We promise to report the message "Ve, therefore, earnestly indorse for of this Conference to our churches, ourselves and urge upon the consider- and we hereby agree to do our part to bring the same message to every Bap- 6 See "A Country. Parish," Missionary EduC3e tist church in western New York." tion Movement. A similar set of resolutions, in 1 To appear later in the REVIEW. even more elaborate form were adopted by the convention.

Some Pastors' Testimonies "In the past I find" that I have been trying to please men, now I The last two hours of the Con- am going back to lift up Christ before vention were marked by a calm but my people and to please Him." powerful overflow of heartfelt thanksgiving and purpose, exprest in brief *** sentences by the ministerial delegates. Those who had been accus- "This Conference has revealed to tomed to move multitudes of hearers me my mistakes. I am going back had themselves been moved in the with a new note and power 111 my deep springs of their lives. Prayer, preaching." Bible study, lifting up of Christ, personal work, a new missionary *** emphasis in preaching, were the impressions made. Here are a few "I have caught the passion of samples: Christ for the rescue of His·· Other Sheep." "I have received a clearer vision of the Cross and its meaning than *** ever before and have determined, with God's help, to practise more "I came here discouraged, with intercessory prayer and to do better the feeling that God had forsaken work for the Master." me; I go back to my field with new strength and courage." *** *** "This has been the greatest experience in my life. Christ has been "As a result of this Conference I more clearly revealed to me, so that expect that God will enable me to I have forgotten about myself, and bring things to pass in my own have more love" for His church parish and to lead my people to a and my fellow ministers. The other new sense of their responsibility for pastors of 'our town have agreed with the world." me to enter upon a united campaign to reach the whole community." *** *** "The possibility of Christ living in me has come with new power, and I "I have seen here that my own have a purpose to render sacrificial life must first be transformed before service." I can be used to transform the community." *** *** "I have learned to think in world- wide terms, and as a result have a "I feel that I have sinned against larger vision of God's program and God and my people in not giving my part in it." them a better vision of the worldwide work of God and our duty *** toward it." "I have a new idea of what God *** can do through consecrated man and am determined that He shall have "The Bible has been illuminated for an opportunity to use me." me in this conference, and I feel that I am going back to my work a new *** manl' "I have come to see that aU Chris- tians are one in Christ. The differ- ences do not count. Christ is all in" all."

A Business Man's Investments*

BY MR. A. A. HYDE, WICHITA, KANSAS ANY of us go through good member, as members go, in out- ward forms of religion and morality. EMJ life,and, after seeking the material things of The Lord blest me also in a mate- life, come to the con- ~ c 1u s ion reached by rial way, until ! came to be worth King Solomon of old: "Vanity of vanities, all is vanity." $roo,ooo–a pretty fair sum for a man in the West; but the thought John the Baptist came preaching: that their father had plenty of money "The, Kingdom of Heaven is at hand." did not have a good influence on my Then Christ came preaching: "The children. I think such knowledge Kingdom of Heaven is at hand"; and always tends to have a bad influence' when he gave instructions to his dis- on children. Mine were given to ciples and apostles, he said, "Go and pleasures, and some of them started preach, saying the Kingdom of Heaven on the, downward grade. If anything is at hand." This was nineteen hun- wrings the heartstrings of a man or dred years ago, and what do we find woman it is when their children are to-day? Is the Kingdom of Heaven on the road to ruin. Then the Lord here? Is this terrible war and those saw fit to take away the money, and, sixteen-inch guns-which the armies within three or four years, I found can not afford to fire unless they des- myself with $roo,ooo or more introy' a great number of men-bring- debtedness. ing the Kingdom of Heaven? Yet, I believe that the Kingdom of Heaven That was the greatest blessing to is nearer to-day than it ever was be- me and my children. They woke up to fore. the realization that it was not too late for them to mend their ways. We In God's sight, is the American na- passed through a few years of the tion doing any more to bring the bitter experiences of poverty, and yet Kingdom of Heaven to this earth we always had enough bread and than are the Kaiser and the King and butter, and could buy a soup bone the Czar? occasionally or some cheap meat. The father and mother, as well as the When I was seventeen I went West children, learned something of what to take a clerical position in a bank life meant during those years. in Kansas. After ten years I was married, and the Lord blest us with Then I went into another business, three girls and six boys. I was and the Lord prospered me so that brought up in a Christian family in money ,began to come in still greater New England, where I joined the abundance than before. I began to church in my boyhood, and, after- wonder whether I was going to have ward, was llsually considered a fairly the same experiences again. Instead of taking so much time for the daily * From an address at the Ministers' Convention in Rochester. December 7-9. 1914.

newspaper, I made a practise every n am e s of four or five hundred morning of taking a half-hour alone wealthy men and sent each one a with God's Word, with the door shut. letter asking about the satisfaction Thus I fed on God's Word, and asked they received from material invest- Him that we might not make the ments, and from what they were giv- mistakes of our early days, but that ing away for the upbuilding of God's we might train those children to ex- Kingdom. I received nearly' one hun- perience the true satisfactions of life. dred answers-one of the most strik- ing came from a philanthropic, well- The teachings of the Sermon on the known man of wealth, who wrote as Mount in reg a r d to accumulated follows: wealth came to me as a revelation, altho I had read them from my boy- "Those investments which have hood, and knew them by heart. turned out well have troubled me more than the losses. It is the dol- "Lay not up for yourselves treas- lars I possess that keep me anx- ures on earth, where moth and rust ious; my permanent investments have doth corrupt, and where thieves not made me a good man. I do not break through and steal." think money ever helps a man moral- ly, and he is a splendid man who can I had had experience with thieves keep money from hurting him. As breaking through and stealing accu- for money given for philanthropic mulated wealth, with banks failing, causes, the best investments I have and with stock worth $200 a share or ever made are the investments for more being declared worthless. A the common good. I generally number of enterprises that promised give away about 30 per cent of my large returns failed to materialize be- net income. These are the only incause of poor management, because vestments I have made that really of miscalculation in various ways, be- make me happy. The causes of need cause of change of circumstances. to which I have turned deaf ears hurt And, after worrying over these mate- like a wound. Money is a cancer, rial enterprises for years, and attend- and if we let it go it will kill us. Ining directors' meetings. and having herited money is a curse to our chilmy life shortened by anxiety over dren. There is a joy in making these investments, I saw that laying money by giving society value reup material wealth in this world did ceived. No man should bar his chilnot bring satisfaction, but brought, in- dren from that privilege." stead, distrust of my fellow man. I realized that accumulated wealth was That man's experience agrees with a source of worry, a shortening of the teachings of the Scriptures, and life, and deleterious to character, and if we would take part of the time that the time spent worrying aT every morning that we waste on the these investments and in attending newspaper and would study God's directors' meetings and looking over Word we would know what is worth reports, might be put to much better while in life. Such knowledge of advantage for my own satisfaction, the Bible is the great lack of the for the good of my family, and for Christian Church to-day. We are the benefit of the community. soldiers of the Cross, and do not A few years ago I secured the

A BUSINESS MAN'S INVESTMENTS II9

know God's "Book of Tactics." nor men of his church to a good dinner.

the plan of campaign it teaches us, I spoke to the best of my ability, nor how to obtain the true satisfac- and, afterward, stopt for a moment tions of life. We go through life before going to the train, to listen to as babes in Christ, and reach Heav- what the pastor said. Here it is: en, if we reach it at all, as stunted "Men, you have listened to this talk souls, because we have not God's by Mr. Hyde. This church has not Word in our hearts. been doing its duty in regard to for- When I awoke to a realization that eign missions. Our amount in the my own experiences bore Qut the church records is very small. Some teaching in the Bible, that accumu- of you men here could give ten dol- lated wealth was a curse, I next toO'( lars a year to foreign mlSlons just the second part, "but lay up' for as well as not."

yourselves treasures in h e a v en." There were bankers there who Most men who look for good invest- could have given $1,000 as easy as ments in this worId are always ready $10.00. It is a sin to deliver such a to listen to any man who has a first- message to men who are being curst class investment that will pay IO or by the devil. God says: "Ye can 20 per cent. profit. At first I not serve God arid mammon," and was willing to listen to such men, these men are serving mammon. It but after a while I began to look is the responsibility of the minister around with the same enthusiasm to preach this truth to them, and it for the Lord's investments. Most 0 ~ will do them good. I f you ask a us turn these opportunities down, on man for ten dollars when he is used the plea that we have so many ob1i~ to doing business in tens of thou- gations, and must look after ow Sands for his own benefit, he despises credit. Ve put money into material the· smallness of the enterprise. It things, and when God's causes come is belittling to the 'Kingdom of God, we turn them down. How many are and he knows it. If God has given there who seek God's investments a Christian man the ability and the first? One of the greatest mistakes opportunity to make money, He will that ministers make to-day is in their hold that man responsible for the way ministry to the rich. Nine times out he uses his money, just as He will of ten, a man of wealth, when well hold the minister responsible for the along in life, has learned that material way he uses his brains and his investments are not satisfying, are a opportunities to preach the Gospel.

curse to his children, and are short- Ministers have a right to say to any – ening his life. Most men of means man, "Your money is becoming a are not as helpful to society as be- curse to yotl. The Kingdom of God fore they became rich. Ministers is calling for money as never before, should go to men who are able to and never were the opportunities so give largely, and ask them for large great as to-day for building up the things. Kingdom of God. Consecrated men One minister wanted to start a are ready to give their lives in God's campaign for foreign missions, and service, but they have not the means invited about one hundred of the best of support, and it is the wealthy men

of our churches who are to blame." is forfeited. I have only raised God has poured out His wealth to $4,000, and the gentleman who wrote church-members in the United States that letter said that he knew a man as never before, and the means for in Wichita, Kansas, who usually had advancing the Kingdom of God ar money on hand for the Lord's causes, in every city, and are in evidence all and he gave we that letter to you." over this country. I put Mr. Gillette through a pretty Since I learned this lesson I have close examination as to his work, for made it my business to seek 0ppOI I thought that possibly the letter tunities for doing God's work, and might have been found by him. Then always try to have something on han(' he showed me a letter from Dr. for emergencies. Many opportuni- Howard Agnew Johnston, of Colorado ties are offered to me to make mate- Springs, that read about like this: rial investments, but I always have "On my r e c e n t missionary trip one answer to all: "My friends, I around the world, I had the pleasure have a better investment than you c of visiting the Association in Seoul, offer to me if you search the whole Korea, and can safely say that it is a world over." They usually open their worthy investment for anyone who eyes, and wonder what that is, so has money to invest. I have given that I get an opportunity to preach Mr. Gillette some money, and only the Gospel to them. regret I can not give him more."

I have had some wonderful exper!- I turned to Mr. Gillette, and said: ences. It is a pleasure to help when "That is a good letter; you can have men are at their wit's ends and are on your $1,000." their knees praying that God will in some way further His work in which Tears came into his eyes, and his they are interested. lips began to tremble, as he asked me if he could pray. That prayer brought About three years ago, one Satur- tears to my eyes, and the memory of day, at noon, a young man came to that day will last as long as I live. my office and handed me a letter of introduction from a man in Denv.er. r know what it is to receive good I read: "This will introduce to you Mr. F. B. Gillette, Secretary of. the dividends from investments, to cut Young Men's Christian Association coupons, etc., but the satisfaction that in Seoul, Korea. He will tell his comes from such an experience as story better than I can in pen an(' that is a thousand times more satisink." fying than the laying up of million,S of dollars in this world. The trouble Then the young man stated his case with men who lay up earthly treasas follows: "The International Com- ures is that their treasures increase mittee have given me permission to but their souls shrivel, and their come to the West to raise $10,000 characters are jeopardized. There for the equipment of our new build- are very few fortunes accumulated ing in Seoul. One man in N ew York these days without stepping beyond the bonds of brotherhood. will give $5,000 if I will raise $5,000 God help us that we may know more,' and unless at midnight to- how to use God's money so that God's night I have $5,000 raised the option Kingdom may be built up thereby.

STUDYING HOME MISSIONS AS A SOCIAL FORCE _

Maryland Ministers studying country·life problems at the State Agricultural College, in August, 1914 Home Missions as a Social Force BY REV. CHARLES L. THOMPSON, D.D., LL.D.

0 rapid has been the tion. Indeed, nothing of permanent value could remain because the eter- ISI development of social nal values of the future life were forces in mis.sion work the only ones. considered. that there is some dan- ger lest they hold too There is scarcely even a ruin to tell large a place on the where the feet of those early mis- stage of Christian activities. This sionaries trod. The record of their emphasis on social force is of recent labors is found in the volume of the growth. One need not go very historian, but never along the path far back in the history of missions to of their missionary enterprises. The discover an almost radical change of wilderness, a generation after their emphasis and perspective. labors, was empty of any sign that ever they had preached and toiled. Slowly at first, but steadily, the history of home missions in America Individual Evangelism has been a history of the broadening of its contents and meaning from the The evangelical missions of a hunindividual to the community. The dred years or more ago were also first missionary enterprises of the conducted almost wholly from the country were exclusively individual- standpoint of the individual. The istic. It was the man the missionary evangelists in the mountains of Kensought-the man in his relations to tucky and Tennessee gathered great eternity but separated from relations multitudes around them, preached a to the community in which he lived. gospel of personal salvation, wakened whole States to the call for the sur- The Jesuit mIssIons along the render of individual will to the will northern borders of the United States of the Master, but made little appeal were a crusade for individual salva- that was calculated to reform comtion-but that salvation meant only l11unities where those converts lived. the deliverance of the soul from fu- A t times social immorality even flourture penalties. As a result of those ished side by side with revival acmissions, which were heroic in the tivities.. highest degree, nothing of permanent The same may be said of the cirvalue remained to another genera-

cuit riders in. the Central West. sought that territory, and pledged There are no finer examples of themselves to missionary service for Christian heroism and the devotion its redemption. They were splendid of men who left eastern homes or men of iarge intellectual caliber, of went out from eastern seminaries at unsurpassed spInt and. devotion. the call of scattered settlers through- Wisconsin is a State of high moral out the vast regions of the Missis- ideals to-day largely because those sippi valley, They were burdened with men and others like them put the one great message,-the appeal for stamp of their devotion upon it in personal salvation, and the meaning the early days. Their work was of salvation itself centered largely, largely individualistic. In new and sometimes exclusively, around the scattered communities it is almost idea of preparation for death and necessarily so. The social forces had readiness for Heaven. Such work, scarce found themselves. The indiwhen successful, was marked by re- vidual, the family, the church-these vivals of religion which had a marked comprize the moral life of small hameffect on the moral tone of communi- lets and scattered communities. With ties. Multitudes pro fest faith in this limited impact on the growing Christ; they were enrolled as mem- life of the State it was quite natural bers in churches which grew, with that the minister should find the limitthe growth of the neighborhood, to be ing of his field and of his responimportant factors in the spiritual tone sibility. of those regions. It was scarcely, therefore, a matter This individualistic meaning of for surprize that the social forces of home missions continued far on to evil suddenly or slowly springing up recent times. It marked all the around him awakened the missionary western home mission development. to the fact that his ministry had not Under its influence churches were met all the needs of the people to founded, membership was increased, whom he was giving his message. and church ordinances were observed Moral and religious forces were not in thousands of western communities. adequately organized, and, with un- This work of the home missionary organized Christian elements, he was is responsible for any thing of high conducting a battle against evils enmoral tone now to be found in the trenched and growing strong almost villages, towns and cities of the West. before he was aware of their exist- Senator Hoar of Massachusetts, not ence. These evil forces were so long before his death, said on the thoroughly organized that he was not floor of the United States Senate able to meet them on equal terms. that he who would make record of Or, perhaps, seeing the enemy gainthe rapid advance of western civiliza- ing, and realizing that his message tion must take the home missionary was not equipping good people for into first account. successful battle, he has declined the fight, and has gone on preparing I recall the signal home mission people for death and Heaven, scarce achievements of Wisconsin as they knowing that this was not wholly were fifty years ago. A band of fulfilling the command of the Mashalf a dozen Princeton graduates

MISSIONS AS A SOCIAL FORCE

AN EXAMPLE OF HOME MIS SIONS 'AS A SOCIAL FORCE Italians studying English in classes at the Green Street Church, San Francisco terwhen He said, "Go and evangel- are emerging and confronting all ize all nations." good men which can not be dealt with by passive goodness. Christianity vV'e would not undervalue these is coming to a battle line which she did not elect-but which she can not early individualistic missionary la- decline. It is not too much to say bors-because always the individual that a spirit of intellectual unrest, tells on the community for good or regarding the province and capacity ill. A good man is, as Christ said, of our religion to deal with life in preservative salt and informing light. its social relations has come over Character tells far beyond any con- many earnest minds-an unrest scious intent. God has ordained that which is turning many people for the the Gospel ' of the Kingdom should time being away from the Church, act by contact; and whether men and making them inquire whether will it or no, what they are becomes there is not some better way to meet a force to make others like them. the troubles of society than any which the Church can suggest and Confronting Social Problema supply.

But the social force of home mis- Socialism is the concrete expression sions has a wider and more definite of that unrest. The Church has not meaning; a meaning prest on the accomplished what she was founderl consciousness of the Church by the trend o'f modern events. Problems

for-has not incarnated the spirit of gospel and tully meet her duties-not her Master-has not carried out His to individual men, but to men in program. Therefore, those who hold various corporate relations-this is these views seek for something else. her confession and the signal of her They will not find it. The panacea awaking strength. Nor is it to her for human ills, individu~l or cor- discredit that a battle call has forced porate, is not in denying or ignoring her awaking. Ever in all centuries the power resident in the Church, she has matched the occasions. She but in awakening its activity and giv- has been resourceful to meet what ing direction to that power. the times demanded. She has known The present time is full of signs for what time she has been called to that the Church must arise to her the Kingdom.

responsibility as the one efficient The time has now fully come when moral and spiritual force of the the Church must address herself to world, or she must lose her influence. meet and repair the wrongs of so- More is at stake than her orthodoxy. ciety, to which she has long been Her right to moral leadership is at measurably indifferent. At the best, stake. A few generations ago such she has been complaisant where she a statement would have been cause should have been antagonistic and for alarm, for not only was' the uncompromIsmg. If any say that so Church flat doing her full duty to- we will lose hold on or fail in em- ward the social life of the world, she phasis for the necessity of personal was not even – conscious of her fail- salvation it must be said that only ure, because no attack that threatened by maintaining that emphasis can her life was made upon her. Creeds there be any good hope for a suc- were questioned, and she defended cessful social battle. Only the men herself bravely and successfully. She and women who by personal faith and held her own dogmatically. The consecration have taken hold of the truth was hers-and hers was the hand of God-only they will be fit or logic by which she could maintain it. efficient in the broader struggle for But the attack has shifted. Men the redemption of men.

are not so much concerned about ~odern ~ethods the propositions in which the truth is formulated. They are now ques- Let us now glance at the lines tioning the life the Church is living along which the Church is trying to under the banner of those truths. meet her social obligations .in the Is she squaring herself with her doc- home mission enterprises. When the trines? In many past ages this ques- missionary was preaching only to tion would have had piercing power. scattered settlers on frontier farms, It still ha~ edge and point. But the his personal message may have one hopeful and assuring sign is in seemed to comprise his duty. To tell the fact that the question is no longer the man on the farm to be a good wholly from the outside. The man, a good son, husband, father, Church herself is raising it more and perhaps once a year to vote an sharply than her enemies. That she honest ticket, may have measured his has failed to fully interpret her own duty. But quicker than he could

realize, the settlement became a com- tion she alone can effectively give or munity, the village became a town, has thrown her power with worldly perhaps a city. Then came the at- powers that were increasing human tntlOns of life. People were thrown burdens and postponing human against each other-were bruised, brotherhood. beaten, enraged. Then came social alienations, conflicts-classes ranged The hopeful sign is that a change on this side and that. Injustice came is coming-has come. The Church, in, and with it came reprisals, and too slowly for her own good, but at before the preacher knew it he was last,. is taking her leadership in social in the midst of a battle. Civilization reconstruction. That leadership was was bringing on its problems. Life slipping away from her. Other and was no longer simple. It was com- less competent hands were reaching plicated and difficult and dangerous. for it. Now the missionary forces feel they must come to close quarters Now what had the preacher to say! with social troubles and heal them or Men were at war with each other, be beaten in their chief commission. and it was neither satisfying nor commanding to tell them to be good Take the questions of class antagand they would go to Heaven when onism with all that goes with them. they die. It is said it is no use to The Church was on the verge of talk peace just now to the contending losing .the people-and losing the hosts in Europe. They must first people would mean defeat. Not 10 fight it out. And so it is not enough per cent. of the working classes attendto speak eternal peace to men in an ed church. More than that, a feeling economic or industrial fight. They of hostility was growing up which. must first settle the battle on hand. boded no good for either Church or Show them the way to a right kind society. Working men in London of a victory in that battle and they while cheering the name of Christ will be ready for the next message. were anathematizing the C h u r c h. Something must be done. Within the So the gravest home mission prob- last decade something has been done. lem to-day is a social problem, and if the Gospel has any social force First, the Presbyterian Churchnow is the time to bring it out. Un- and in swift succession the Episcopal, Methodist, Baptist, Congregational, less the missionary in the mining and other churches, have addrest themselves to a social gospel for the camps of Colorado has conceived his meeting of social questions on the message in these ampler terms he is basis of Christian truth and the winhaving a hard time of it. He will ning of alienated or indifferent peopreach eternal hope to dull ears of ple back to the Church-the best those whose earthly life seems to friend of the working man. them an eternal despair. The Gospel ca~e to build God's Kingdom among The success of these efforts has men by establishing relations of jus- attested the willingness of people to tice, charity and brotherhood. That yield to the highest appeals and to Kingdom has not yet been built. Not acknowledge the old-time power of only so-too often the Church, the the Gospel over all classes and congreat builder, has declined the media- ditions of mankind. It were too

much to say that full success has been ed communities of the East; Indeed, achieved until the Church becomes the crowding largely makes the miscourageous enough to cIa i m her sion field-certainly in its social asright to speak to both sides in the pects. Hence New York is the greatconflicts between labor and capital, est home mission field in the country. and to speak with equal emphasis. There the greatest extremes meet, and She must not only be kind and con- there is the collision between classes, siderate to the one class, she must acknowledged or supprest, the sharpdare to impeach the other class with est and most threatening. its serious wrongdoing, with its greed and lust for power, and am- It is further accentuated by the bition for conquest. It is easy for race question also in its most acute the missionary in the slums of New form in the metropolis. And of the York to open chapel doors and give immigration question it may truly be welcome to over-burdened men and said the social gospel is the only women. It is not so easy for the effective solution. Unless Christian preacher on the avenue to arraign truth can be brought to bear on our capital for its merciless grip on those vast amalgam of races, all educaover-burdened people. But until pity tional and philanthropic movements and courage shall go hand in hand will largely fail. These aliens-not the missionary has a hopeless task. the off-scouring, but for the most part the best of the races, whence It is to be feared the equal em- they come, the people with vision and phasis is still lacking. Missionary longing and hope-need many things organizations are fairly well equipped at our hands; but nothing so much to meet the social needs growing out as a gospel not only of personal salof poverty and tl're wrong industrial vation but of social power which shall conditions which make poverty. They teach them how to live among stranhave given themselves with hopeful en- gers in brotherhood and helpfulness thusiasm to the task of making the –how to have a share in the moral unchurched mas s e s feel that the tlpbuilding of the community. Church is their friend and can be their savior. But the work will lag, In yet another direction does the and the fruits of it fail until the social force of home missions strikmessage and the missionary efforts ingly appear. I refer to the upbuildcease to be one-sided. There must ing of rural communities. That there be a repetition of the messages of is any problem in country life is a the old prophets denouncing extor- new idea. Of all regions the country tion and oppression, and making it was supposed to be free from probplain that those who persist in such lems. Life there was simple, direct, things must count on the uncom- comfortable, healthful and indepenpromising opposition and arraignment dent. What occasion had the farmers of the Church of Jesus Christ. for knitting their brows over social conditions? Their only trouble was In this view of duty to society it an occasional failure of crops; but, is manifest that home missions is not granted full garners, all the rest was an enterprise of the West only. It easy. has a special call to the more crowd- But students of economic, indus-

15] HOME MISSIONS AS ASOCIAL

trial and moral conditions in the ing themselves of country institutes country have reached very different to learn the science of rural upbuild- conclusions. They have sou n d e d ing; so many who had fallen into the notes of warning which in the. last ruts of country ministerial life, are few years have sharply turned the shaking themselves out of them and attention of missionary societies to are springing with avidity to the new the missionary call of rural communi- calling of vitalizing the moral and ties. Some of the facts challenging religious life of farming communities.

this attention are changes of popula- Did our young preachers but know tion from owners to renters; from it, here is the best post-graduate American to foreign elements; deser- course available to those who want tion of farms in many sections; in- to get intelligel;1tly to the springs of efficient school system; decline of American life; the finest clinic to values, unproductive farming meth- learn how. to deal with the broken ods, and decline of morals. So ef- body of community life.

fectively have these and other causes With such purpose and power are of country decline operated t hat the missionary societies giving them- thousands of c h u r c h e s have been selves to meet this problem before, in abandoned or closed. northern sections, it becomes as acute The call on home mission organiza- as it is in some sections of the South, tion is to resist the whole order of one may easily prophesy that soon this deterioration and to establish a our beautiful country regions will re~ new order which will bring thrift, cover, some of that charm-social and intelligence and morality. It shall not inlellectual-which entranced preach- be enough that the Gospel be faith- ers like Jonathan E d war d s and fully preached. The country minister Horace Bushnell in generations past.

must know conditions-must be re- Then the country will once more be- sourceful to meet them. It is some- come the fountain of civic. life, and times said it is not a minister's busi- by its flow to the cities save them ness to teach farming. To which it from the industrial, social, and poli- may be replied-if he is not broad tical iniquity which now abound.

enough to see when farming is badly Our civilization is bringing many done, he is not observant enough to perils in its train. Society is stag- be helpful at any point of country gering under them. But let us cheer construction. up. Let the social power of the One of the finest signs of the times Gospel once be fully let loose upon is in the fact that so many young these perils and they will lose their preachers see their chance; so many grip. In their stead will come the young and older preachers are avail- righteousness which exalts the nation.

KEEPING UP TO DATE In aJl lines of business to-day men read their trade journals. Doctors read their medical Pilpers, lawyers the law journals, and preachers a great many things: every man reads something bearing on his line of work. Every Christian should be engaged in the business of the Kingdom of God, and it should be the primary duty of each one to be informed about the progress of events connected with this Kingdom. No man can escape this responsibility for intelligent interest and information. Many ways may be suggested for keeping abreast of the present-day events, but we must read missionary papers.

Disintegration of the

l{eligions in Japan ':'

HEN that which is per- But forty years ago, when the influence of Western civilization came in like i Wi i feet is come, that which a flood and overflowed our land, the is in part shall be done learning of the Vest, political, legal, away!" With these and economic, was perceived to be far words the Rev. T. more minute and solid than the teach- . Watase, a Japanese ing of Confucianism. Gradually this became clear, and students became Congregational minister laboring in numerous; and when a constitutional Korea, concludes his interesting and government was established Confucianoriginal discussion of "The Process of ism lost its political importance. At Disintegration in Existing Religions," the same time the political teachings in the Shinjin magazine. contained in Confucianism became de- tached and distinct. That which had the This writer holds that each of the force of political maxims, adapted to great religions of Japan, considered as the use of a modern government, was a historical phenomenon, is of a com- appropriated and the rest was rejected. posite character, containing, besides the Then, too, the new educational spirit strictly religious elements, also ele- and policy were to raise the intelligence ments related to civil government, edu- of the people. It took an interest in cation, and philosophy. Upon such a cultivating the dignity and power of mass the new thought that is flooding man as a human being, and so natur- Japan acts much as an acid might at- ally diverged from a system that tack a mineral, with the result that merely aims' ultimately to make men disintegration takes place. The separ- rulers. What in the old was in harate elements, no longer held together mony with the modern system of eduas a system, either attach themselves cation was selected and adopted: so to those elements in the new civiliza- on this side also Confucianistn was tion to which they have affinity or are disintegrated." altogether lost. Now about Buddhism? "The his- This thought, applied to Confucian- torical Buddhism of Japan-the Bud- ism, works out as follows: "Among dhism of the 'Greater Vehicle'-is a religions, if it may be called a religion, philosophical system rather than a Confucianism is the first to yield to religion. When this is subjected to the process of disintegration. Analyzed, the analytical or disintegrating pro- it is seen that the parts which make cess, the philosophy is brought into the up the system are mainly rules for light; and then, when this is compared government, and these again appear as with the approved philos'Ophy of the essentials in education, but little is' world, the result for this form of taught about pure ethics, and still less Buddhism is as disastrous as that which about pure religion. has overtaken Confucianism."

"Now, while life-force dwelt in Con·· Discussion of this kind has' been fucianism, other things, as questions of government, law, and economy, were all subordinated or appended to it.

• Prel'ared under the auspices of the Christian Literature Committee of the Conference of Federated Missions. very much stimulated this year by the Christianity and Buddhism. I believe action of Mr. Tokonami, Vice-Minister that I am a Christian and a Buddhist of Home Affairs, in calling a confer- at the same time," but then, Dr. Kato ence of representatives of Buddhism, is not a profes'Sing Christian. Shintoism, and Christianity at Tokyo in February. It is not easy to estimate The Rev. D. Ebina is not reckoned the success or failure of this confer- among the conservatives. He belongs ence, but at least it has stimulated admittedly to the liberal wing of the interest in discussions related to religion Kumai (Congrgeational) body. It and its problems. In general, the may be inferred, therefore, that the Protestant press welcomed the confer- general position of the Christians is ence, the Roman Catholic journal at least as strong as his when he says looked upon it with suspicion, the in the Shinjin, of which he is the Buddhists condemned it, and the free- editor-in-chief: "Those who plan to thinkers ridiculed it. However, not blend Confucianism and Christianity, even the Protestants were unanimously or Confucianism, Buddhism and Chrisin favor. One of the smaller journals, tianity, or Buddhism and Christianity, the Sambi no Tomo, in an editorial or Shintoism and Christianity, do not entitled, "Are our Leaders Crazy?" know the real nature of Christianity. declared vigorously that for the Chris- Not only so, they must be called tians to attend such a conference was persons who do not understand the to debase the Savior and to confuse history of religion, and who will be- Him with what is low and vulgar. It queath not a little misfortune to future considers the words of the resolution generations." Such a disposition to adopted to be boastful, as' if to make blend religions is most agreeable to the Christ the patron deity of the Imperial mind of Japan to-day, but after all House. "If God purposes to bless the it is only temporizing. Imperial House," says the editor, "He will do so, but it is not for us to be Comparatively weak as' Christianity so condescending as to put Christ in still is in Japan, the Christian writers the list with civil government, educa- feel in themselves already the calm tion, Buddhism, and Shintoism, and to assurance that they are the heirs of offer His blessing." the future, that they have no need of anything the old systems have to con- From many quarters come reports tribute, and that there is no occasion that since the conference the interest for compromise. Certain people in in Christian preaching is deeper and America or Europe, may write with that the audiences are larger. On the respect, not unmingled with awe, of other hand, the Kirisuto Kyo Seka-i, "Bushido," but a Japanese writer in (Congregational) recently said that the the Fukuin Shimpo (Presbyterian conference had also helped to strengthen and Reformed) does not hesitate to and extend the idea that Christianity calI it "~ modern Don Quixote." and Buddhism were, after all, not so different, but that they might be easily This attitude came out prominently harmonized. Such an idea no doubt in the discussion of a project to erect exists more or less among non- a Shinto shrine to the memory of the Christians, but we have found no trace late Emperor. To the educated this of it in the Christian press. To be would be simply a monument, but the sure, Dr. G. Kato says in the Unitarian common people would regard it as a organ, the Rikugo Zasshi: "I think that place in which to pay divine honors to it is not impossible to harmonize the spirit of His Majesty, and the Christian press opposed it. The Shinto religion will some day be only a memory.

A Remarkable Chinese

(S ee Frontispiece Portrait) DING Lr MET is one of the most remarkable fruits of Christianity in China. He was born in Shantung Province, and is a Christian of the third generation. In his early young manhood he decided to enter the ministry, and went into <l theological school. When twenty-eight years of age he became a pastor, just at the beginning of the Boxer uprising; he was tortured by the Boxers in the magistrate's yamen, being beaten with heavy bludgeons and bamboo staffs. After five hundred blows, during which he had stedfastly refused to deny Christ, he was put into a foul dungeon, where, after regaining consciousness he began to preach Christ to his fellow prisoners. The Boxers planned to continue his torture later, uut Christians were praying for Ding, as they prayed for Peter in the days of Herod. Before his enemies could carry out their intention a German officer, who had been incensed at the magistrate's refusal to receive him, brought his soldiers into the city, seized the magistrate, and set free the prisoner. After the close of the Boxer rebellion, Pastor Ding took charge of a self-supporting church in Tsingtau, but a few years later was released to take up evangelistic work among students. In the spring of 19IO, when he visited the Union College at Weishien, none of the students had decided for the Christian ministry, and the religious life was very low. A short time after Pastor Ding began his work there the students began to pray, and, one by one, they volunteered for the Christian ministry, until one hundred and sixty men-the best in the college, including a gifted Chinese professor-had renounced their earthly ambitions, to enter the service of Christ.

He is one of the most respected and successful Chinese Christian workers in China. At I Chou fu lAOO inquirers came out in response to Pastor Ding's evangelistic work. In 1907 he was sent as a delegate to the World's Christian Student Federation Conference in Tokyo, Japan, and later attended the Japan- China Presbyterian Union at Shanghai. In 1908 he was elected President of the Federation of Missions in Shantung, and in 1909 was a delegate to the National Christian Endeavor Convention at Nanking.

In spite of all his success, Pastor Ding is a man of very modest and quiet demeanor, is a thorough Christian gentleman, and a man of unusual power. He is preeminently a man of prayer, and on his prayer-list are the names of hundreds of Christian leaders, not only in China, but in other lands, and for each of these he prays daily. Every place that Evangelist Ding Li Mei visits feels the power of his personality and message; many young men turn to Christ, and large numbers enter the Christian ministry. He is the founder of the Chinese Student Volunteer Movement for the ministry, which has been organized to include students in various provinces of China. He was the first Traveling Secretary of this Movement.

~-') _/.,~~ –

– OF -" r"J!I> / BEST METHODS ,.,…………….. ,.,…/'

J CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK UNIFYING WOMAN'S WORK. IN THE LOCAL CHURCH REAT as the results of worker at a conference in New York. "Going out, I passed one on the street. mG ~ Woman's Work have It struck me as queer that while we had been, some leaders seem prayed for Chinamen in a missionary meeting, I had never yet thought of to think it should be con- doing anything for one in my own town.

ducted along broader ~ lines and with greater unity than at present. Altho he had passed before I got thus In some churches the viewpoint is far in my thinking, I turned and called narrow. Women work for Home and to him. Thus began an acquaintance; Foreign Missions in separate societies now we have organized a Chinese work that have little fellowship; and too often in our church with a regular class. Ve there is friction between them and the had never thought of it before."

societies whose activities are entirely A Suggested Remedy local. The missionary women take little interest in the local work and the In view of the oneness of the work "Ladies' Aiders" care nothing for mis- and the need of cooperation, some leadsions. The Best Methods editor was ers have come to feel that it would he amazed to learn, not long ago, of well if all the women's societies in a churches where the spirit of rivalry runs local church could be merged into one so high that when a new woman comes organization with many departmentsto the church (especially if she be the "omnibus societies," some one has called wife of a new pastor) she is "rushed" them. Others equally alive to the situa- by the different societies after the order tion do not favor thi".

of college fraternities! Such union societies are called in some Yet the work is all one, The terms churches "Woman's Associations"; in city, home, and foreign, as applied w others, "Woman's Unions," or "Woman's missions, can not be found in the Bible. Guilds." The plan of organization is They are human inventions, and through practically the same in all. It includes a broadening of vision and better com- the following points: prehension of the scope of missions will I. -A central set of officers in control eventually pass away. Home missionary of the entire body.

societies are finding their work largely 2. As many departments as there are with foreign peoples, and foreign mission- lines of work.

ary workers are coming to realize that 3- A small membership fee, payment they have a duty to the Blacks in of which makes a woman a member of America as well as in Africa, and that a the Association and all its departments.

Chinese in the United States is as well 4. Voluntary offerings payable either worth saving as his brother in the to the department treasurers for their Celestial Empire. "At one of our meet- special work or to the Association ings we prayed for the Chinese," said a treasurer to be divided according to some

previously agreed ujlon scale of per- Second Tuesday: centages. 3.00 p.M.-Home Missionary Depart- ment. 5. One day in each week set apart as "Woman's Day" on which the depart- Third Tuesday: ments hold their meetings in rotation. 9.30 A.M.-Sewing meeting. I1.00 A.M.-Church and Home Depart- A Model Woman's Asaociation ment. The practical workings of a Woman's I2.30, A.M.-Basket Lunch. Association can be best understood by a concrete example. Through the kind- Fourth Tuesday; 3.00 p.M.-Foreign Missionary Departness of Mrs. Everett E. Kent, the presi- ment. dent, we are able to give the following account of the Woman's Association in The controlling aim of the Associa- Eliot Congregational Church, Newton, tion as stated in its handbook is to draw Mass., which has had a long and success- within its circle every woman in the ful experience. Eliot congregation, the ideal being, not large gifts and arduous labors from the The Association is manned by seven few, but gifts of money and of service officers-president, two vice-presidents, from each according to her ability. recording and corresponding secretaries, treasurer and auditor. There are three "I am glad to testify," sayS' Mrs. Kent, departments, Home Missionary, Foreign "to the advantage of uniting the women Missionary, and Church and Home, each in any church, thereby doing away with with itS' own officers, and there are eight the petty rivalries and one-sided viewstanding committees-Finance, Hospi- points which have, I believe, had a contality, Relief, Library, Entertainment, siderable place in church life. Our House, Literary and Work. With the Association was formed seventeen years exception of the Eliot Guild, a young ago by Mrs. William H. Davis, wife of woman's organization, all the junior Dr. Davis, at that time our pastor, societies are departments under the Asso- There were then the usual Home and ciation, their leaders being appointed by Foreign Mis'sionary Societies, the Sewing it. The officers of the Association with Circle, etc. I can not speak of conthe officers of the departments, chairman ditions then, as I was too young to have of the standing committees, and leaders a part in them; but I do know that in of the junior work constitute an execu- other churches the women who belonged tive board which meets before the to the 'Ladies' Aid' had no interest in monthly busine~s meetings and at other the Missionary Society and vice verN, times at the caii of the president. and that any sense of the largeness of the work of the church was greatly lack- The annual membership fee is 25 cents, ing. For years we stood among the payable to the Association treasurer, who pioneers, but to-day the movement is also receives gifts for the Church and spreading fast. Home Department. Contributions to Home and Foreign Missions are paid "Next year we hope to have a Home directly to the treasurers of these de- League; and are planning ways to bring partments. in shut-ins and business women and busy mothers to share in the work through Tuesday is "Woman's Day" in the study of the text-books, interesting Board church and during a given month a literature and exhibit boxes." woman may have a part in all its varied activities. The schedule is' as follows: The Attitude of the Boards First Tuesday: In order to get the attitude of the 9.30 A.M.-Sewing meeting. various Women's Boards on the unifica- IO.30 A.M.-Business meeting. tion of woman's work in the local church, the foHowing questions were sent to

OF BEST METHODS

eleven organizations representing nine we have found that where the plan has denominations: been tried the foreign missionary in- I. Do you favor the merging of all the women's societies in a local church, in- terests have suffered. The merging cluding the Ladies' Aid, into one organiiation? serves to strengthen the local work of 2. If so, what steps are you taking to the Ladies' Aid at the expense of the induce your auxiliaries to make the change? work farther afield."

3. What proportion of your auxiliaries There are, however, many individual are so organized? . officers who are greatly in favor of uni- 4. Do you put out any literature on the sUbject? fication, even in Boards which are The answers reveal a wide difference, opposed to it. "In the multiplicity of both in opinion and practise. Two organizations, the Baptist Woman's Foreign engagements that confront the women Missionary Society and the Southern Presbyterian Woman's Auxiliary, are of our churches to-day these union decidedly in favor of the union idea; four are decidedly opposed to it; three organizations are bound to increase," exprest no preference whatever; one favors it only under certain circum- says the secretary of a board whose stances; one is divided on the question, some of its officers opposing, same favor- officers are not heartily in favor of it; ing it under certain conditions, and some regarding it as ideal. "and we must see to it that our mission- One board reported that so far as ary work is conserved by having the known not a single one of its auxiliaries was organized on the union plan; nine right kind of organization. The wrong were unable to give the exact number so organized; one, the Woman's Congrega- kind was brought to my attention by a tional Board of Missions, reports that more than 200 of its I,200 auxiliaries are caller yesterday morning from a church Woman's Associations or Unions. where they have a Woman's Union meet- Only one organization, the Squthern Presbyterian Woman's Auxiliary, is ing once a month. The meeting begins making any effort to induce its societies to become unions, and it alone puts out at eleven o'clock. From eleven to twelve any literature on the subject, tho the Baptists are agitating it through their once in three months they have a foreign magazine, Missions. missionary meeting; once in three months The reason for the opposition of so many of the Woman's Boards is well a home missionary meeting; and once in exprest by the president of one of them as follows: "We do not favor the three months the meeting is devoted to formation of Woman's Associations in which all the women's societies in the their local church work. After this they local church are merged into one organization. We have comparatively few have luncheon and in the afternoon a societies so organized, and I may say that speaker on some popular (!) subject such as suffrage, anti-suffrage, etc.

"This shows why our missionary so- cieties do not favor such organizations, for they often mean much Jess time devoted to the study of missions. But they are bound to come, and the thing for us to do is to suggest an ideal plan and steer those churches contemplating such unions away from their objection- able features." .

The following letter from another sec- retary whose Board reported against unification contains many strong points and is worthy of careful study: "I do not happen to know of many societies organized in this way," she says, "but in regard to those I a~l1 familiar with, I can say that they are a tremendous success. I shOUld advise by all means in starting a new church to organize the

women as one society, with different with the world fields and gained a wider departments, for not only does it make vision-women whose interests formerly impossible the deplorable divisions of the had been wholly in the local work; (3) women, but I believe on the whole that the work is presented as one big whole- the missionary department would receive local, city, country, the world. This;s greater attention and greater interest, broadening, to say the least.

surely, by the larger number. This, how- "Perhaps there is some danger that ever, would depend to a great extent such a society will enter too many fields.

upon the leaders in the church. Our women are called upon to support "Vhen it comes to reorganizing a the Associated Charities in our city, to society which has been running a loag have a representative in the Y.M.C.A.

time in the old way, there might be Auxiliary, the Presbyterian Hospital, etc.

difficulty unless there was in evidence a Then there is the que;;tion of how far real spirit of unity and a desire for we should go into civic questions in a better methods. This, however, has been woman's society, but I am not prepared c10nein the last few years with a large to say that this is a danger, so long 2.S degree of success in the First Congre- the bigness of the work abroad and its gational Church, which is the moth~r vital importance is held aloft. I am church of the town. They are delighted growing to feel that the bigger we are with it and a number of other churches at home, the bigger we will be to under- have reorganized their women's societies take the big problems of the foreign as a result. field."

"The First Presbyterian Woman's So- It is a significant lact, that has no ciety has never known any other form little bearing on the present discussion, of organization and they are very con- that in August, 1912, when the Southern fident that there is no method to compare Presbyterian Church, which is taking with it. Our church, the Second Presby- such advance steps for missions, organ- terian, followed the plan of the First ized its Woman's Auxiliary, it recom- Church, and we know nothing else. Of mended that in every church all the course, as we never have suppers or women's societies, together with the bazaars or entertainments for raising organized women's Bible classes, be money we do not have the Ladies' Aid united in one organization with different problem. Our women sew for the departments. The latest of the evan- various charities of the city. All the gelical denominations to organize its women's societies here meet twice a W oman's Work, this action was taken month, and generally for all-day meet- after a thorough investigation of the ings with luncheon. In societies where forms of organization in use in other there is a strong Ladies' Aid, an hour churches. "Enlisting all the women of could easily be found for transacting' the Church in all the work of the such business, and they could sew for Church," is their aim and ambition.

their church instead of for charity, but Under the efficient direction of Mrs.

all would be present for the missionary W. C. Winsborough, superintendent of program. the Woman's Auxiliary, many churches "My arguments· are (I) it unifies the have already reorganized their work on work, doing away with the old divisions these lines, and tho the new order of and consequent ill-feeling and jealousies; things has been in operation less than (2) all the women of the church listen three years, the beneficent results are to the program or take part in it. I already being felt. Attendance at the have seen wonderful development of the meetings is larger, the gifts to all causes women as they have come in contact have greatly increased, and the interest

OF BEST METHODS

in missions is growing deeper all the the six Vice-Presidents passed into the while. parlor and stood on each side of a table, behind which stood Mrs. Bettie Waters. A Unique Wedding Ceremony The chords of this grand old hymn soon merged into Mendelssohn's "Wedding When societies have been in existence March," under the deft fingers of Miss for half a century or more it costs some- Boddie, our church organist. thing to change the form of organizatio'1, even tho the members recognize the Mrs. E. B. Wright, President of the wisdom of it and believe it to be best. Home Mission Society, acting as bride, "When a society dating back in organ- and Mrs. M. I. Hoskins of the Foreign ization to 1848, and having a prestige of Missionary Society, as groom, marched sixty years of varied and unbroken slowly forward and stood directly in front service, was, with others, merged into a of the table. Mrs. Waters, whose name united whole," says a Southern Presby- has been closely allied with the woman's terian worker, "every man and miss-ionary work of North Alabama for woman possessing any sentiment felt as thirty years or more, was chosen to officiate tho a great tree in the forest had been on this occasion, being a charter meml- -,r felled. But the sort of faith Paul of both societies, having assisted in the eulogizes gave strength and courage to organization of each. She gave a short 'forget the things that ate behind and history of the societies, of their many press forward toward the mark.''' struggles in the past, and exprest much joy at their having reached the happy day At Silver Bay last summer the Best of union. Her words of er.couragement Methods editor heard of a wealthy and and cheer were an uplift to all present. aristocratic church in a New York After the unification ad<lress, the memsuburb, where the women shed many bers of both societies joined hands and tears when their beloved missionarv sang, "Blest Be the Tie That Binds." society was merged with others into ~ Woman's Association. Yet, believing it A Woman's Year Book to be best, they heroically made the sacrifice. Five or six years ago,JIlt the suggestion of the Rev. John Clark Hill, D.D. (at that In a Southern Methodist Church in time the pastor), the various organi- Northern Alabama, where the women zations of women in the First Presbyhad been working for Home and Foreign terian Church, Springfield, Ohio, unittd Missions in separate societies, it was in the publication of a "Woman's Year decided, after much thought and prayer, Book," which proyed such a help that to consolidate the two. Each had had a it has been issued annually ever since. long and successful history and it seemed It includes the Voman's Missionary hard to see them go, yet the members de- Society, the Local Aid Society, the Oakcided to make the consummation of the land Local Aid and Mothers' Club, the union a joyous and happy occasion. This Young Woman's Study Club, the Girls' took the form of a unique "wedding" Club and the Cradle RoIl Ten, and gives held at the parsonage, the contracting the officers of each organization, toparties being the presidents of the two gether with the dates of all the meetings, societieS'. The following account of it the reports of the several treasurers, and is reprinted from The Missianary Vaiee: the members and monthly programs of the Missionary Society. The large number of guests were received by the hostess, Mrs. Ira F. Hawkins. The The little booklet (3~ x 5~ inches) Presidents and Vice-Presidents assembled contains 24 pages, and is a model of wise in the dining-room adjoining; and to the arrangement and concise statement. It strains of "Onward, Christian Soldiers," not only affords a convenient directory of all the women's societies, but binds

them together and unifies their work, to wise or possible to merge all the societies some extent at least. There is no pool- into one organization, this is an excellent ing of funds and no central control, but plan. It does much to foster the spirit once a year, at the annual meeting of the of harmony and cooperation, and in Missionary Society, they all come to- churches where the ultimate unification . gether and give complete reports of their of woman's work is desired but must be work. accomplished by slow degrees, it might serve as a first step toward that end. In churches where it does not seem A PHYSICIAN'S CHART OF FOUR SOCIETIES SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS REMEDY CHURCH OF LONGV1EW Lack of balanced rations; Supplement present diet witb Long distance vision only; Home Mission food. This Church-Membership …….. 400 Inability to see clearly objects varied menu will attract all Missionary Societies in classes of women and growth close at hand. in membership and increased Church .•…………••.••. 1 interest wiJI result in both Home and Foreign Mission NAME: The Foreign Missionary work. Society Society Membership ••.•••••. 16 When Organized? ••…••.. 1899 Study and give to Foreign Mis· sions only.

CHURCH OF SLOW VALLEY 13piritua] Anemia; Appoint wide-awake Program Mal-Nutrition; and Social Committees; Secure Missionary Society of 60 mem- Slow Starvation; at least 30 subscriptions to the bers Dwarfed Development. Survey; Place 30 or more Praver Colendars; Organize a Average attendance ….•••••. 15 Study Class. Study Classes •..•••…..•.•.. 0 MiSSIOnary Surveys taken ..•.. 0 Prayer Calendars.•..••……•0 LADIES' AID OF Busy TOWN Near sighted vision. Let each member earn part of Wasted time, and Poor Arith- her dollar at home, :inet .sJ>end 2S Members. Work hard six some of the society time -in months to prepare for Bazaar, metic. study and prayer for WORLD- hy which $25.00 is made for WIDE Missi()I1s. Mountain School.

CHURCH 0]1' PROGRESS HILL Growth Steady; Pulse Normal; Continue same diet, exercise and Vision Perfect; Circulation outlook. Long life and much Church-Membership …….. 150 fruit is uncertain. Members in Missionary Natural: Splendidly Healthful.

.Society _. _….•..••.••. 50 New Members .••.••.•••••• 10 Increase in gifts to all causes •…….••••••••••20% Surveys taken ….•••••••••40 Prayer Calendars ….•.•••• 50 Study Classes .••..•.••••••• 2 —c-From the Missionary Survey.

How the Bands Solved a Schenectady than 200 women in the congregation, and Problem less than half of them in the society. How to win every woman-they aimed Three years ago the Woman's Mis- at nothing less-was a much-discust sionary Society of Emmanuel Baptist question. Many things had been tried, Church, Schenectady, N. Y., found itself but as yet nothing had solved the probwith 100 members on the roll-not a bad lem. showing, most societies would think. But the devoted workers in the church were At last one woman had an inspiration. far from satisfied. There were more Why not divide the society into groups.

OF BEST METHODS

and put a leader over each? The work came up for consideration all she executive committee liked the suggestion had to do was to call a meeting of the and after much prayerful consideration captains and they at once took it up with formulated the following plans and put their bands.

them into execution: The plan does not seem to deteriorate I. The society was divided into ten with time. The Best Methods editor bands and a captain was appointed for had the privilege of being present at the each. The division was largely, but not annual meeting last March and listen~d wholly, along geographical lines, women with pleasure to the fine reports of the in one neighborhood generally being officers and the captains of the bands.

grouped together. She was also present by special invitation 2. No rules were laid down for the at the entertainment given in honor of conduct of the ball;ds, the captains being the winning band.

left unhampered in their work. They The following points concerning the might hold meetings or not as seemed work of the bands are reprinted from best, try any new plans or methods that an article written for The Helping Hand promised to be helpful, and take up any by Mrs. Jones at the request of its editor, line of missionary work that specially Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgomery: appealed to them. "As a rule the bands hold meetings in 3· The following system of credits was their homes. In many cases the women devised, and each captain asked to keep bring their sewing and spend the after- a careful record of the work accom- noon, tea and sandwiches being furnished plished by her band: by the hostess. Some of the bands ha ve A new member secured for the SocietY… 5 a prearranged program. In others the A meeting of the band ………….. , … 2 captains are prepared with clippings from Each member present at the meeting of the magazines or some topic that will start a discussion. At one meeting all the Society ……………………… I sorts of objections to missions were A new subscription to The Helping Hand.2 brought in, one member having been A new subscription to Missions ……….2 appointed to answer them. It was a A renewal to either of the above maga- fine meeting.

zines …………………………… 1 Each quarter's dues paid in promptly …. I Each baby secured for the Baby Band.•.•1 4· At the end of the year when the "Several of the bands have 'adoptect'

reports were all in, the band that made a missionary, and many a little gift such the best showing was to be entertained as a pretty little new-style neckpiece by the defeated nine. or a dainty apron has found its way to Under the efficient leadership of the the sister on the field. Several Christ- president, Mrs. F. K. Taylor, and ;:tn mas boxes were sent out, and one band unusually devoted corps of helpers, the had a different member write a letter bands worked wonders in Emmanuel each month to their missionary on the Church. At the end of the first year foreign field. The letters in response the society had made large gains in mem- were wonderfully helpful. Some who bership (the winning band alone reported were lukewarm became quite interested twenty-five new members), a number of through the personal touch.

new sUbscriptions to the magazines had "The second year a number of young been secured, and the increase in interest women who had joined, but were em- had been very great. It was found ployed during the day and could not possible to do away with collectors, as attend the meetings, were formed into each band looked after its own offerings, a separate band. They grew rapidly in and the president found her work some- numbers and held their meetings in the what lightened. Whenever any special evening. They easily 'won out' the

second year and were rewarded with a or printed page is good for reference in Progressive-information Supper. Our the future. When a woman joins this membership at the end of the second band she is given a letter describing year was about 180. more in detail the work that is being attempted. It is a regular follow-up "In summer, when so many band mem- system. bers are away that there are too few to hold a meeting, two or three bands meet "Once a year the bands disorganize together, each band receiving a credit. and are reformed, bringing together a One band has appointed two of its mem- new set of women. This increases the bers as a special lookout committee. circle of acquaintance besides giving Their work is to greet each new woman each one an opportunity to find the right member of the" church when she receives groove. We work primarily for the the right hand of fellowship, tell her missionary cause, secondly for the soabout the society and invite her to join. ciety. The bands are merely incidental They are provided with printed programs -a means to an end. The rivalry is of the society, together with small insets entirely friendly, and by the meetings in prepared by their band setting forth the one another's homes, sociability is progeneral facts in regard to the society and moteld. But the entertainment in the the bands. What goes in at the ear is homes must be kept very simple. The liable to be "forgotten, while the written more simple, the less formal, the better."

Customary Officen LEADER OrganizatioR and Usual Officers and and Secretaries of Moets every Sunday meetin1! same plan following Commitflome and Foreign as Woman's Society; tees: Visiting Com- Missions, of Y. P. includes all y~)Ung mittee, Charit work and Christian Committee, Social !Lducation. Mem- ladies in church. Committee, Pastor"s bership includes all Aid Committee, Lowomen in church, The quarterly meeting of the Auxiliary is :al Church Commit- !!nd Society meets' the clearing-house for all the woman's work ()of !e. Meets three monthly on "Church the church. It is usually held in the evening. time. each month. day." Study and All the congregation is invited to atte~d. Re· ports of all the departments composlOg the give to all the causes Auxiliary are presented and new plans of work of the church. outlined. A social hour follows.

WOMAN'S WORK IN THE LOCAL CHURCH PREPARED BY MRS. W. C. WINSBOROUGH, ATLANTA, GEORGIA Superintendent' of the Woman's Auxiliary, Presb yterian Church. U. S.

E ITODI

WHAT NON.CHRISTIANS SAY OF mentary on the effectiveness .of Chris- tianity, but is the result of failure to I THE WAR put into practise the teachings of jesus NTELLIGENT non-Christians recog- Christ. nize the difference between real and nominal Christianity, between the Christ THE NEED FOR INTERCESSORY ideal and the defective realization of PRAYER that ideal in national and personal life. It is nevertheles.s true that the masses DR. JOHN R. MOTT writes in the of mankind do not think deeply and Intcrnational Review of Missions: there is naturally a grave danger that "There is greater need to-day than ever the present European war may be us~d before of relating the limitless power as an argument against the effective- of united intercession to the missionary ness of Christianity. enterprise. A time of unexampled op- portunity and crisis like the present is Bishop Montgomery, the secretary cf one of grave danger. There have been the Society for the Propagation of the times when in certain parts of' the Gospel, at a recent meeting of the world the situation confronting the Anglican Board of Missions, discust Church was as serious and as inspiring the effect of the war upon missions as it is to-day; .but has there ever been abroad. He quoted the Peking Gazette, a time when sin,ultaneollsly in so many which remarked: "The sight of eighteen non-Christian lands the facts of need to twenty millions of men engaged in and opportunity presented such a rethe brutish work of slaughter in the markable appeal to Christendom as filth of blood is indeed a terrible com- now? mentary upon the influence of Christianity in Europe during the last r,200 "We should be on our guard lest we years." devote a disproportionate amount of time and thought to investigation and The attitude of the non-Christian to discussion and to plans for the utiliraces, the Bishop thinks, will eventually zation of availab!e human forces, and be determined by the way in which the not enough of attention to what is imwar is prosecuted from a moral point measurably more important-the relatof view, and by the manner in which ing of what we do personally and corpeace is finally established. It must not porately to the fountain of divine life be a war of aggrandizement for more and energy. The Christian world has territory, or for a big indemnity. the right to expect from the leaders of Nothing will arrest the attention of the missionary forces not only a more non-Christians more than such an atti- thorough handling of the facts and tude. methods, but also a larger discovery of superhuman resources and a greater ir- The sympathetic brotherliness of radiation of spiritual power." British and German missionaries on the field will be taken as a true evidence of The Bishop of Upsala, Sweden, has the power. of Christ. It will be of joined with the Bishops of Finland, great advantage if everywhere in non- Hungary and Norway, the Archbishop Christian lands the truth is emphasized of Denmark and pastors of Lutheran that this war is in no sense a com-

and Reformed churches in Holland and sionary movement is the danger of seek- Switzerland to ask the Christian ing to secure for missions wider recogchurches in America to pray for peace. nition by laying stress on secondary considerations in place of the primary A STUDENT DAY OF PRAYER motive of obedience to the will of Christ. The temptation is strong in the advocacy D R. MaTT has just sent out a new of missions to place in the forefront the call for the observance of the Uni- contribution which they make to civiliversal Day of Prayer for Students called zation and culture, and to appeal on this by the World's Student Christian Feder- ground for increased support. The conation. Enclosed with this call was a re- tribution is real, but it is only an inprint of Mr. Beaver's article, which we cidental result of missionary work. To published in our January number, on enlarge upon it may interest thoughtful "The War and the Way Out." It was people, but wholehearted and enthusiastic sent with a perso~al letter, to every workers for the cause can be won only Student Christian Association, in order by directing attention to the heart and to emphasize the unusual urgency of inner spring of the movement. There adequate preparatlOD Tor this Day of is no vitalizing energy in secondary Prayer. Dr. Mott says: "The present motives. No support of missions that world situation constitutes the most comes from some other way than that of powerful call to prayer ever extended to the Cross is worth having. North American students. It is a time for penitence and true searching of FROM A MISSIONARY VIEWPOINT heart to discover wherein we may be responsible for unbrotherly relations, such JNthaotu· gr eJnaenrouuasryfrnieunmdbsermiwghet suggested as have involved our fellow students of cooperate Europe in the testing and temptations of war. A majority of the students in the in the way of sending the REVIEW to belligerent nations have enlisted; thousands have been slain and wounded. But miSSionaries on the frontier. Many when all international fellowships seemed to be breaking, the leaders and letters that have come to tis from members of our Christian Federation were held together by the bonds of these advance guards of the Church prayer. Shall we not, therefore, pray in confidence that the self-sacrificing de- indicate how greatly such a gift would votion of European students to their country may inspire the students of be prized and how valuable it would North America with more intense devotion to Christ's greater work of re- prove in their intellectual and spiritual construction ?" life and work. We quote from one of Students and friends are asked to observe Sunday, February 28th, as this Day these letters just received from a mediof Prayer. cal mlsslOnary of the Presbyterian THE PERIL OF FALSE MISSIONARY MOTIVES Church (South) to Korea. He says: DR. W ARNECK of Germany ha~ "I most heartily second your appeal written in the Allgemeine Missions- Zeitschrift, on the temptations of mis- for the REVIEW to be sent to missionsionary workers, and shows that one of the greatest perils that besets the mis- aries at their stations. Some years· ago, Mr. Louis Huggins, an elder of the First Church of St. Joseph, Mis- souri, asked the missionaries at differ- ent stations what magazines they would like for the coming year. I named the MISSIONARY REVIEW, and the Journal of the· American Medical Association, and for several years he sent these two. I can not tell the immense benefit they have been to me. They have added greatly to my efficiency as a mis-

EDITORIALS

sionary and have given me a greater POWER AND MACHINERY knowledge of the missionary problems and how to solve them. . . . I believe M ANY earnest workers confuse the Boards could well afford to include power and machinery. Some dis- the MISSIONARY REVIEW as a necessary credit emphasis on one, some neglect part of the missionary's outfit. . . . It the other. We have heard missionary would also add largely to the solution advocates uphold the principle of of the Home Base question if the securing and sending out spirit filled REVIEW could be put in the hands of men and women without any special every pastor. The minister is the key emphasis on intellectual equipment or to the whole problem. If the mission- organized work. Others have put so ary committee would start their work much stress on the need of intellectual by seeing that the pastor is supplied attainments, of sufficient money and with the REVIEW, that would be a long proper organization that the spiritual start to success in enlisting that par- life and power necessary seemed to be ticular Church in missions. . , . overlooked. Both machinery and power are necessary for the most effective "Then there is a great body of other work, but the greatest and most Christians to be reached with the in- irreparable loss is felt when men fail spiring messages that make the REVIEW to put first the dependence on God's a power. Is there not some way in Spirit, for abiding results. Dr. John which this clientele can be largely in- Timothy Stone, of Chicago, recently creased? . . . This would, I believe, said: s'oon result in a deeper, more prayerful, more sacrificial interest in the evan- "The world has comparatively few gelization of the world." extraordinary tasks to perform, but It has countless ordinary tasks. There are "FUEL FOR MISSIONARY FIRES" few extraordinary men, but the world is filled with ordinary men whom God ATTENTION is called to the new can use if they will let Him. We need feature which first appeared in the the vision of the Most High. We need January number of the REVIEW, back a fuller realization of the presence of of the Frontispiece-in "Fuel for Mis- our God to solve the problems, local .sionary Fires." This fuel consists of and general, individual and collective, striking facts that may be found in the problems within the local church the pages of the current number, and and the problems within the church at that are there elaborated. These facts large." are suitable for Church Calendars and quotation in the pulpit, or in mission- THREE PRINCIPLES OF GIVING :ilry meetings. When a church or an individual has no interest in missions, T HE members of a negro church in .it· is either because there is a lack of Jamaica resolved to give money for Christianity or a lack of information. the support of a native evangelist, who It is a duty and a privilege for pastors would preach the gospel to their yet and 'other Christians, with the mission- unsaved brethren. They elected a ary spirit and vision, to furnish the treasurer (so says Frauen Missions .facts and so kindle and keep alive the Blatt), and appointed a day for remission fires. We hope that a large ceiving the money. When all were use will be made of these "fagots" present the treasurer, an aged man, selected from the monthly store fur- proposed three principles which were nished by the REVIEW. unanimously accepted:

All will give something. Prayer has also even a larger place Each will give as much as he or she is than usual in the conferences of the Home and Foreign Mission Boards .,f able. North America, which meet in New Each will give cheerfully. York and in Garden City, Long Island, January 12th to 14th.* After several had brought forward their gifts, an old negro, who was An interdenominational prayer servknown to be rich, stept up and laid ice was held on Friday, January 8th, $2 on the table. The treasurer returned in the Church of St. Nicholas, New it otnd said, "Dis gif' may be accordin' York, under the auspices of the to de furst princ'ple, but, brudder, it is Woman's Missionary Continuation Com- not accordin' to de second." The negro mittee. On Sunday, January loth, the took back his money and returned to afternoon and evening were given over his seat. After a moment he returned to special prayer meetings in prepara- and threw down $20 on the table, as tion for the Home and Foreign Mishe remarked sullenly, "Hyar, maybe dat sion Conferences, and joint nOODday is enough." Quietly the old treasurer prayer services were held on subsequent returned his money, and replied: days. It is not surprizing that the "Brudder, dis may be accordin' to de conferences this year were marked by first and second princ'ples, but it am unusual power and by an even greater not accordin' to de third." Again the spirit of fellowship and cooperation negro took his money, and, full of among the various boards and ~o­ wrath, sat down in a corner of the cieties. church. After a time, however, he returned, and smilingly approaching the The Home Mission Council, which table, gently placed on it one hundred met in New York, January 12th to dollars with the word!>: "I give dis gif' 14th, made definite progress in their cheerfully in de name of de Lord discussion of work for American In- dians, immigration problems, a de- nominationalprogram for missionarY Jesus." Then the old treasurer jumped education, the country church, and up and taking both hands of the interdenominational problems.

negro, cried out: "Dis is all right, The Foreign Missions Conference at brudder, it agrees with all three prin- Garden City, January 13th and 14th, c'ples I" faced squarely many questions of Would it not be well if each of us pressing importance. The address by would consider these three principles in Dr. John R. Mott on "The War and our giving? Missions" was a masterly and stirring review of the situation. Other timely PRAYER AND CONFERENCE ON topics discust were the native Church MISSIONS and its autonomy, missionary finances, interboard work, and United Mission ONE effect of the crisis brought on campaigns. by the world war has been to send Christians everywhere to their knees. These union conferences in America, In England, France, Germany and England, Germany, and the mission America there are many signs of in- fields are exerting an increasing increased earnestness; churches are more fluence and promise larger things for largely attended; prayer meetings are the Kingdom of God. increasingly intense and revivals have been reported both among soldiers in • A fuller report of these conferences will be camps and among civilians at home. given in March.

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MISSIONADY NEWS THE CHINESE REPUBLIC were praying that a spiritual awakening might come to the school. From the Statistics of Missions first meeting there was a profound interest, and altho most of the boys THE latest statistics of evangelical had never experienced a revival of this Church membership in the republic sort, as soon as the invitation was given of China give 470,000. There are 546 to come to the front and seek God's forordained Chinese pastors and 5,364 un- giveness, a great number came forward, ordained workers; 4,712 Chinese Chris- many with tears confessing their sins. tian school-teachers, 1,789 Bible women, and 49<> native assistants in the hospitals. Out of a school of one hundred and Chinese Protestant Christians contrib- twenty-five students, fifty-eight acknowluted last year $320,000 for Christian edged conversion, seven of whom are work. There are 85,241 Chinese boys from government schools. Twenty-eight and girls in the primary and day mission made pledges to give their lives to the schools and 31,384 students in the inter- preaching of the Gospel, including one mediate high schools and colleges main- of the teachers. Twenty-nine took the tained by the evangelical church. The first step in joining the Church at the hospitals number 235, with 200 dispen- morning preaching service on the last saries, where 1,322,802 patients were day of the meetings, and a number gave treated last year. their Tames as desiring to take further steps. They are anxious to select lead- Revival in a Chinese School ers to go to the out-station schools and conduct three-day revival meetings. M R. J. B. WOLFE, a missionary of the American Board, writes of a Evangelization of Chinese Cities revival in the boys' high school at Taiku, Shansi. This school is' supported by THE Presbyterian Board of Foreign the students of Oberlin, a college that Missions and the China Council and has erected a memorial to the alumni the Shantung Mission have undertaken who perished in the Boxer uprising. A a new evangelistic enterprise called the series of revival meetings was conducted China Cities Evangelization Plan. Dr. last spring by Tseng Kuo Chih, pastor Charles Ernest Scott, one of th~ most of the Methodist church in Tientsin. active missionaries of the Board, is en- Many boys had come into the school deavoring to raise funds for this work during the past year from government in the province of Shantung. The main schools and had heard very little about lines of the work are to be in the hands Christianity. Many pupils had taken the of the Chinese native leaders. The first steps in church membership but had ancient walled cities, with other centers, become cold. There was also a large which have heretofore been inaccessible, nucleus of students hungry for a spiritual are now open to missionary work. MI'. blessing, and these began to pray that Scott says: "If we do not quickly meet a revival might come. A large number this opportunity, and give them the of friends, both Chinese and foreign, Gospel, to take the place of what they. heard about the proposed meetings, and

have given up, the tide will turn, and and 35 who have been officials. Canton we shall lose our opportunity. General Christian College Association cares, Li Yuan Hung, Vice-President of the through Bible classes, for the spiritual Chinese Republic, himself· a Christian, needs of 250 men who are working on has urged the missionaries to press this the campus, and publishes a newspaper. upon the Home Church. Five years hence it will be too late. The task, as A Leader of New China outlined, involves an expenditure of $IOo,ooo-the biggest single task that T HE three missionaries of the Forhas ever confronted the Christian eign Christian Missionary Society Church." stationed in Nantungchow, China, have a great opportunity to cooperate with Chinese in Mission Councils Chang Chien, president of Yuan Shi Kai's cabinet, and one of the greatest T HE North China Mission after fifty men of China. He has his great mills years spent in laying foundations there and is making Nantungchow and and in training Christian workers has district a model for China. He has come to an epoch-making time, re- opened schools in the city, village, and organizing so as to give the Chinese country, in the temples, setting the equal share in its councils. Mr. Stanley idols in the alcoves at the side and and Pastor Li are the two chairmen. using the main part for modern schools. Seats in the chapel at Tungchou arc To train teachers he has built with his arranged so that the men face the own money a normal school for 480 women. Each has a special seat, one men, and one for 300 women, and is~ Chinese woman with one foreign lady. trying to train leaders for this great The summary of "needs" that this new, work as best he can. He has asked energetic and democratic body compiled the Mission to' help him and has preincluded this statement: "Lintsing sta- sented them with the finest piece of tion presses its request for a man phy- land in the city for their own school. sician. . . . The China Medical Con- He has built a hospital and has asked ference held in Peking, in 1913, emphati- them to provide direction for it through cally affirmed the principle that no medi- a medical man. He has built an orcal work in hospitals should be left in phanage which has 500 boys and girls charge of a single physician, and this in it, and has asked that one of the was afterward strongly affirmed by the missionaries take full charge while he National Conference in Shanghai." supports it, and has said that he would be glad to have Christianity taught in it. The Chinese Y. M. C. A. He has built a great museum, an agri- cultural school, and a hotel to accom- I Na recent Sunday School Times, modate an occasional foreigner who Professor H. P. Beach p~ctures the comels. marvelous advance of this society since its b~ginning in 1885. There are now Christ in a Chinese Prison 68 secretaries employed, all Americans. The members in Shanghai number 1,140 MORE than one report has come .If in the educational department, a number the Christian work carried on in a greater than in any other foreign asso- prison in China, the name of which is ciation. In Shanghai also, the first boys' withheld, lest the desire of those in building has been begun, which is to charge to do the best for all the prisoners have accommodation for 1,500, class- might possibly result in the withdrawal rooms for 500, and a dormitory for IOO. of the privileges. The Nanking Association's building has enrolled 151 bachelors of arts, 6 masters, Every Sunday morning four or five foreigners or Chinese go to this prison

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

and hold a service in the different wards, sian Press. The demand for school being welcomed very warmly both by books, which came with the introthose in charge and by the convicts. duction of Western learning, gave them their opportunity, and the Many confess Christ as their Savior, Commercial Press forged to the front and ask God's blessing when they have as producers of just what the new China their food. The coming day will de- was requiring. In I906 the printers were clare the results of the work. inc9rporated as one of the earliest com- panies formed under the modern com- The Colporteur and the Doctor mercial law of China. The- Christianity of the company is everywhere apparent. C OLPORTEUR CHING, of the SpaciouS', well-ventilated workrooms American Bible Society, left his present a marked contrast to the stuffy horne in South China a few months ago, apartments in which other printers in to visit a famous market town in the China must spend long hours. Clean and interior, hoping to put his gospels, as he comfortable blocks of dwellings, for rent said, "into the hands of men there who at moderate prices, have been erected quite unconsciously would become un- especially for the employes. School paid colporteurs, and carry the books privileges, from kindergarten to highinto villages and hamlets that no news school,. are maintained for the children of salvation has reached yet." of the work people. A small hospital has been opened by the company for em- In a ten days' journey, Ching made ployes sick or injured. A wbrk-day the acquaintance of an itinerant native limited to nine hours, with a Sunday doctor, bound for the same town, to sell holiday-this, too, is a feature almost his plasters-believed by the Chinese to never found in a Chinese workshop. be a remedy for almost every ailment. The employes are all well paid; a bonus Ching preached Christ so effectively that in proportion to the record and importbefore they had arrived at their destin- ance of their work is given, and a ceration the doctor had yielded to His tain sum is set apart as a pension fund claims. for retired workmen or the families of those who have died in the service. The two Chinamen put up at the same Heathen rhina never before witnessed inn and selected a spot in the market such a sight as this. where they could stand beside each other and display their wares. This was a Why the Sunday-school is Needed id satisfaction to both Ching and the doctor. China When the former made a sale, he THERE are 100,000,000 children uncalled attention to the efficacy of his der ten years of age in China. In neighbor's plasters, and the doctor would say to his purchasers: 'If you want, to the near future they may be taught alfind the way to happiness, buy one of most entirely under a government systhe books that the preacher is selling. tem of' education, and will be less ac- I know ,what I am saying. I have cessible to the Christian day.:school. The studied them, and have found peace." Sunday-school must give them religious education. A Christian Chinese Business House The Chinese Christian churches gen- A MAGNIFICENT illustration of erally lack young men and maidens. Congregations are 80 per cent. adults, ,, Christian business progress is the and many little children, but few youths Commercial Press, Ltd., of Shanghai, between I5 and 25 years of age. They which was established in I897 by three y~ung Christian Chinese, two of them employes of the Presbyterian Mis-

must be won and held for Christ by the ties took prompt and vigorous action for placing of a new emphasis upon the de- the suppression of lawlessness. partments of the Sunday-school which minister to this age. JAPAN-KOREA The youth of the boarding-schools and Emperor Yo.hihito'. Gift colleges need to be trained in voluntary Christian service. The training of T HE Japanese themselves value the .Ieaders from among the promlsmg work of the American missionaries young people for the work of the local in Japan, as is strikingly shown in the church falls naturally to the Sunday- recent gift by the Emperor of 50,000 school. yen ($25,000) toward the equipping of St. Luke's International Hospital in To- The laymen of the churches need a kio. A Japanese National Council is wide field for expressional activity in associated with the foreigners in the real Christian service. The Sunday- control of this institution, which has .school offers this field. grown out of the work of the Protestant Episcopal Mission. Count Okuma, the More Opium Used in Shanghai Premier, is its president, and made the announcement of the imperial conti:ibu- D R. ARNOLD FOSTER, for 42 tion at a luncheon on November 9th, years missionary of the London when several representatives of the' Missionary Society, has appealed to the government were prs:sent. chairman of the Council of the Shang- hai Municipality on the question of The chief significance of this gift lies opium licenses. He points out that :n not in the amount gIven, but in the fact O~tober, 1907, there were 87 licensed of the gift. It is said to be without shops in the International Settlement; in precedent, and marks the desire of the . May, 1914, there were 663 of such shops. Emperor to pay just tribute to a work In 1907 the average monthly revenue well done on behalf of his nation, and from opium licenses, "dens," and shops also to cement more closely the ties combined, was T ae[s 5.450. In May, which bind Japan and America. 1914, the revenue from licenses to opium shops alone was Taels 10,995. Sunday-school Work in Japall Superstition and Riots M R MOODY once said that if we ( ' REAT as has been the advance of can save one generation we will J European civilization in China, such put the devil out of business. To save stories as the following, told in China's this generation by training the youth in Millions, remind us of the ignorance and morals and religion is what the World's superstition which still hold sway in Sunday-S<;hool Association is trying to many mind". A census of diildren un- do. The value of this work is being der 14 years. of age had been taken at realized by national leaders in the the instance of the Board -of Education Orient, especially in Japan, where the in the district ()f Kinhwa, Chekiang. national association, organized seven This gave rise to a report that foreign- years ago, now affiliates over 1,600 ers were building a bridge, and, for the schools, with an enrolment of over 100,- s1pport of the foundations, the spirits 000. About 20 books for teachers and olchildren were wanted. As the result, workers have since been written in Jap- many government schools were de- anese or translated. Great conventions stroyed, and some missions were threat- have been held annually, and in Tokio ened; but the civil and military authori· 1,200 Sunday-school children wer,e gathered in one Sunday-school parade. That gathering sent a great Sunday-

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school balloon over the city, from which Christian nations in Europe flying at hung a streamer, "God is love," and each other's throats. What does Christhousands saw this balloon with its mes- tianity amount to, anyhow?'" Mr. Hunt sage. But this is only the beginning, looked up in surprize, and said: 'Do you and great results may be expected from think so really? I am sure this will not the World's Sunday-School Convention, 'be the case in Korea. The Korean which is to be held in Japan in 1916. Christians will say at once: "You see, brethren, they have some Christialls A PrQleat from Japan who are real. Christians, and some Chris- ' tians who are so only in name over BISHOP McKIM of Tokio has for- there, just as we have here in Korea." warded to President Wilson the And the Korean Christian who believes following resolutions, passed by the the Bible, as they all do, will have scrip- American Episcopal missionaries in ture proof for his statement in less than Japan: five minutes. Christianity in Korea is on too firm a basis to be shaken by this Whereas, it has been reported that in war or by anything else.' That is the the coming elections in the State of land where SOUl-winning is made a con- California, candidates for election to dition of church-membership. What a the Legislature have been asked to blessing if 'Christendom' would stand pledge support to a bill or bills deliber- boldly on the heights with converted ately depriving Japanese residents in heathenism."-Sunday-School Times. that State of their rights to lease land for any purpose whatever; and "Scripture LiateniJla" in SiaJD Whereas, in our opinion, such legis- AUNIQUE feature of Christian worlation would be in direct contravention ship among the Laos is the "scripof the purpose of the treaties between ture listening," much used in the Budthe two countries, and would offend a dhist services, and supposed to be meritruly friendly and intensely patriotic torious. It consists of the reading of people; considerable portions of the Bible by one person, the congregation listening. Therefore; be it resolved, that as Many have the books and follow the such action would appear an act of readet with the eye as well as the ear. manifest injustice . . . we appeal, in Rev. Robert Irvin, agent of the Bible the strongest terms possible, to the Society in Siam and Laos, writes~ "I bishops and fellow members of our am convinced that this is the proper lmerican church to do their utmost, by method for this people. By it not only all legitimate means, to discourage such the monks, but many of the common action until the diplomatic authorities people, commit to memory large portions of the two countries shall have had time of the Buddhist Scriptures, even entire to solve the problem by peaceful means. books and sets of books. Our Chris- –The Spirit of Missions. tians are not as intelligent in our Scrip- tures, nor as interested in them, as they A Chriatian Korean View ought to be. Our preaching is Western, and as foreign to the people as we are. "WE may go to heathen lands to get At our service yesterday I read the en- a clear, straight view of some tire Thessalonians with only a few words of explanation here and there to make things. Several ministers were recently clear something they. could not underdiscussing the war in Europe, one of the stand." grQUp being the Rev. William B.Hunt, of' Korea, Somebody remarked: 'Well, I suppose our poor missionaries will be up against it now, for these people in Asia will be saying, "Look at these

INDIA councils. The twenty-eight different mISSIOns working in the Bombay Presi- Government Appeal to Missionaries dency organized a council over a year ago, which has been doing effective GOVERNMENT officials in Madura, work. South India, have approached re- The Educational Board of the Coune presentatives of the American Board cil has been occupied largely with plans with the proposition that they take for a Christian Woman's College in charge of a criminal settlement to be Bombay. " The Council has approved of made up of the robber caste of Kellars- securing a half-time literature missiona" strong, manly people, tho lawless arid ary for work in the Marathi language, " notorious robbers. There are nearly an,d another in Gujarati. The Council 200,000 of these Kellars scattered has been responsible also for a successthrough the Madura district. The ful language school, and a missionary American Board missionaries have been survey of the Presidency is assigned so successful among some small villages to another committee. of the caste that· the government desires to place the whole responsibility for Canadian Baptists in India them in the hands of the mission. The authorities offer to set aside a large CANADIAN Baptists are ce1ebrati~g, tract of land, which would be used in this year, the 40th anniversary of teaching the people improved agricultural methods and give a place for the founding of their Telugu Mission schools and for improved homes. The in India. In March, 1874, Rev. John Indian government will put up the neces- McLaurin and wife landed .in the city sary buildings and pay all expenses ex- of Cocanada to lay the foundations of cept the salary of the missionary in what is now a flourishing mission. charge. The progress made is revealed by the fact" that there are now twenty-two I Baptiat Work in Danger mission stations, 8g missionaries, 64 N India the world war is embarrass- churches, 9,792 communicant members, ing the work of the foreign missions. and 20,000 adherents. Since the open- For some years the American Baptists ing of the mission over 16,000 conhave been supporting three stations in verts have been baptized on profession the Te1ugu country, in cooperation with of faith. Nothing approaching the the Mennonites of South Russia. "mass movements" that have visited other missions has been experienced in Since Russia became involved in war, Cocanada, but every year the missionhowever, the Mennonites have been able aries have had the joy of welcoming a to send almost nothing for this work. goodly number of new converts. The Unless the American Baptists can as- native churches are making rapid sume these obligations-about $4,500 strides in self-government and selfannually-the field work represented by extension; the three associations uniting sixty-four native preachers must cease, during the past year to form the schools will have to stop, and the entire "Baptist Convention of the Northern work will be so seriously crippled that Circars," the first president being Rev. one or more of the stations may have Nicodemus Abraham, of the McLaurin to be entirely closed. High School staff. Already a number of the churches are entirely self-sup- T Bombay Council of Missions porting, which includes not only the HE meetings in India under the support of a pastor but of evangelists auspices of the Edinburgh Continu- and teachers for the mission school ation Committee demonstrated the value of representative interdenominational

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The past forty years have witnessed of unity and concord, and of self-deny- great changes, perhaps the greatest of ing devotion, must prepare the way of which has been the "conversion of atti- the Prince of Peace. The Waziris (one tude" on the part of the people. At of the most turbulent of the frontier first they were bigoted, suspicious and tribes) have told the government that opposed to the Gospel, and the caste they may take away all their troops people were determined to root out the " from the frontier here, for they (the "new religion" wherever it appeared. Waziris) will be responsible for the Now all is changed, and tho there are peace of this part of the world."

still instances of petty persecution, on the whole the attitude of the people IS MOSLEM LANDS cordial and appreciative. . Work in Palestine Suffers Plague in Picture Carda THE CM.S. Palestine Mission has been seriously hampered by the war. S lME young native workers from So threatening was Turkey's attitude the Methodist training school in during the first outbreak of hostilities Ballia, Northwest Provinces, India, had that steps were taken, in cooperation an unusual interruption in their work with the London Jews Society, to withone day when, after preaching in one draw many of the missionaries. The of the villages, they proceeded to dis- shepherding of the 2,300 native Christribute picture cards to the children. tians in "the mission happily can be Just at that moment a hostile Brahman committed to the nine Palestinian paslandowner passed by. Stepping up, he tors, but all the schools have been cried out, in a voice of authority, closed, and the beneficent work of the "Fools! Don't you kno:w that those hospitals at Jaffa, Nablous, Gaza, and cards contain plague and cholera germs, Salt has for a time been brought to and that the teachers are sent here by an end. the missionary to scatter them!" A letter from Nazareth, dated Octo- That was enough. Superstitious, ig- ber 28th, states that that village had norant and full of fear, the people been· converted into a garrison town, believed the Brahman and instantly with over three thousand" soldiers in dropt their cards. They knew that the barracks. Food was exceedingly cholera had broken out in their village scarce in Jerusalem, and ali gold was since these men began to visit them, locked up in the Ottoman Bank, and and believed that the young men had outside the city were three large camps been sent by the Government to wipe where thousands of men were drilled out the district and thus to prevent hard by German non-commissioned another mutiny! officers. Christians liable for military service had to forfeit £36 if they did Bannu in War Times not go up.

I N the January number of Mercy and Dangerous Cathedral Canons Truth, Dr. R. J. H. Cox, of the I T is reported from Cairo that Turkish Baptist medical "mission on the North- officers in Jerusalem, having learned west Frontier of India, writes: "We from a frightened lad who knew only seem to be more united now in" India, a smattering of English that two and the thought of the Punjabi and the "Canons" were attached to St. George's Pathan rubbing shoulders with the Brit- Cathedral Church, and" refusing to ish and French breaks down many bar- accept the assurances that those Canons riers. Tl:!e war will do untold good in had nothing to do with artillery, tore the end, and, by bringing in this spirit

up the floor of the edifice and destroyed some large mission schools. The suppart of the Communion Table. ply of rice, a staple upon which they depend for food, was exhausted. The AFRICA schools of the county in which Mon- rovia is situated are still in operation, Egypt a British Colony altho there is some scarcity. The military attache of the United Stares GREAT BRITAIN took formal pos- Government has made inquiries as to session of Egypt as one of the what quantity of rice will keep the protected provinces of the empire De- schools going for the next three cember I8th, deposing the Khedive, months, and the bishop made request for Abbas Hilma, who has come out openly twenty-three. tons. There is' a possion the side of the Germans. Impres- bility that the United States may try sive military ceremonies in the principal to arrange a shipment for that purpose. cities of Egypt marked the transfer of sovereignty from the Sultan of Turkey A Christian African Chief to the monarch of Britain. Prince Hussein Kemal, an uncle of the deposed THE Congregational missionaries in Khedive and a favorite son of the Chiyuka, West Africa, have been late Ismail Pasha, has been appointed greatly helped by the faithful Chris- Khedive in Abbas Hilma'S' stead. tian chief Kanjundu. His newly elected' Prince Hussein was educated in Eng- successor is also a Christian. Rev. land, and is in appearance and sym- John T. Tucker writes of this new pathies more of an Englishman than leader, Chikosi, as follows: "Chikosi is a Turk. an Elder of the church, and a very fine preacher; he has a commanding pres- Trustees for Cairo University ence and a splendid type of face.. He fills his position with dignity and judg- TWO hundred thousand dollars has ment and .is determined to help for- been promised for the Christian ward the work. He never hesitates to preach when on journeys, thus exert- University in Cairo, as a part of the ing a really great influence over other endowment fund of two million which chiefs who may hesitate before surit is estimated will be needed. A Board rendering what they deem to be all the of trustees has been organized in New dignities of their office, viz., polygamy, slavery and beer drinking. Of this York City, with Dr. J. K. McClurkin last Chikosi replied to some villagers who wished permission to brew beer; of Pittsburgh as president; E. E. Olcott, 'Everybody knows that beer makes the president of the Hudson Bay line, people err and swerve from the "white" treasurer; Dr. Charles R. Watson and path, the path of righteousness. No! George Innes of the United Presby- I will not permit beer drinks in my terian Board as secretaries. Among district.' the members are Professor George L. Robinson of McCormick Seminary, "On another occasion he said: 'Just Ralph W. Harbison of Pittsburgh, as Kanjundu caused "the words" to go Professor Harlan P. Beach of Yale forward so do I desire. The teachers and Professor W. B. Hill of Vassar. were his advisers and he loved and honored them. I am in the hands of Progreas in Liberia the teachers like my predecessor. My BISHOP FERGUSON of Liberia, under date of October 12th, writes greatest desire is to s'ee all the people telling of the difficulties encountered serve God and be.Iieve in the Lord because of the war. Owing to the Jesus Christ.''' lack of provisions it had become necessary to suspend the operation of

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Uganda in War Time Society has continued to maintain the missions. British friends of the mis- T HERE has been some fighting in sions are now undertaking to raise '1n British East Africa, the Germans emergency fund for the work of the having crossed the frontier at several Paris Society 111 the French colonies. places. But the general course of life has not been much changed by this, The Curse of Alcohol in Africa and the Church Missionary Society secretaries hear that missionary work at M PAUL RAMSEYER of the Ba- Mombasa has been given new oppor- • suto mission in South Africa tunities by the war. About 3,000 describes the advancing danger from natives of Kavirondo and 1,000 Df alcohol among the South African Bunyoro, in the Uganda Protector.ate, blacks: "Many Boers are carrying on have gone to -Mombasa, and the mis- a profitable illicit trade among them. sionaries are allowed to work among Fines of from £300 to £350 make no them. great impression, so lucrative is the traffic. The natives sell their cattle to In Uganda all the Church Missionary get drink. When these are gone they Society missionaries have put them- have recourse to theft. On Sunday I selves at the disposal of the govern- went to see the prisoners at MatatieIe. ment to give any help they can, the There were twenty-one, twelve of them clergymen as interpreters and chaplains. being Basutos. Six were condemned and in working among the wounded, for assault, a dozen for theft of sheep and the doctors and nurses in carrying or· goats. All had committed these on the hospital at Mengo, which on crimes under the influence of alcohol. the outbreak of war was offered to the Alcohol is the black's worst enemy. government as a base hospital for any Those who sell it are the vilest men on wounded Africans, Indians, or Euro- earth. They should not be punished peans. The government accepted the with fines, but with terms of from ten offer, and one hundred beds were put to twelve years' hard labor. The blacks at the immediate disposal of the mili- can not refrain from drinking. They tary authorities. The boys of the are the merest children." Church Missionary Society schools at the capital are very anxious to help. A distinguished missionary, Mr. Don- Two squads of them have been chosen ald Fraser of Nyassaland, describes beer for service at once. One, of six "as the greatest enemy of the economic cyclists, has been sent off to carry and moral welfare of the Nyassa nadispatches, and another, of forty boys, tives." General Gorgas, who has been is being trained for ambulance work. invited to the Rand to advise with the great mining corporations as to the French Mission. in South Africa hygienic improvement of the Rand mines, is equally explicit: "On the sub- T HE outb'reak of War has placed ject of alcohol for the native I believe the Protestant missionaries of the that it is an unmitigated evil. It is in Paris Evangelical Missionary Society, no way necessary for his health; in now at work in British South Africa, fact, is always hurtful. In the Panama in a serious position. For over eighty zone prohibition has increased the effiyears these missionaries have carried ciency of our working force so much on their work in Basutoland, and for that generally the men in charge of the twenty-five years they have .heen at laborers in the different districts have work in Barotsiland, on the upper asked to have' their districts inclttded Zambesi. Tho both territories have within the prohibited area. I believe passed under the British flag, the Paris

that it would be best for the native on for the loyal contingents of troops the Rand to have no alcohol at all." arnvmg from various parts of the British Empire. Arrangements have Better Feeling in Madagascar been carried out by the Bible Society HE hope that one result of the to present Testaments to each member T war would be the more friendly of these contingents from Canada and relations between the French Adminis- Newfoundland, from the States of tration and the British missionaries in Australia, from New Zealand, and Madagascar are being realized. Two from the over-seas colonies and pro- years ago the government tried to tectorates.

suppress the half-yearly meetings of During the mobilization in Central the Isan-Enim-Bolana on the ground Europe, 130,000 Gospels were dis- that it was an illegal association. Last tributed among German and Austrian autumn a deputation of missionaries soldiers; 160,000 Gospels have been waited upon the Administrator to ob- given away in the French army; while tain the views of the government as the Society's agents have circulated to holding the gathering of this great immense numbers of Russian Gospels.

organization, which is a kind of blend among the troops of the Czar.

of the National Free Church Council, the Congregational Union, and the French Protestants and the War Church Congress. .The government NOWHERE, perhaps, among the strongly encouraged the missionaries to Allied Nations has there been such hold the gatherings, and begged them a response to their country's call as not to interfere in the slightest degree among the Protestants of France. Of with the usual program. The meet- the 450 pastors who form the National ings were held accordingly. Union of the Reformed Church of EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN· France about 200 are already in the army, and about 200 churches are with- Bibles for the Soldiers out a pastor. The spiritual needs of THE British and Foreign Bible So- their soldiers are not forgotten. They ciety has been carrying out a have one Chaplain with each of the careful and comprehensive distribution twenty-one army corps, one at each of of the Scriptures among our sailors twelve great French fortresses, one and soldiers. A lady giving away with the Mediterranean Fleet, and over GQspels, writes from the Soldiers' fifty at the various hospitals through- Home, Aldershot: "If the Bible So- out France, to which the wounded and ciety's Committee could only see the sick soldiers are being sent. The men taking the Gospels, they would Religious Tract Society of Paris has-'

feel they were well worth· giving. The been doing what it can to provide the openings among these crowds of new Chaplains ~ith literature, but it is recruits are unprecedented, and their· difficult to get any printing done in eagerness to receive the GQspels won- France at the present time, and they derful. I have never, in all my many have appealed to England for help. The years in this work, known anything Committee of the R.T.S. in -London like the spiritual awakening among the had sent by the end of October 33,000 men." Testimony similar to this is booklets free to the Paris Tract Society received day by day from camps and for use among the Fren~h troops. For hospitals and recruiting centers all the same purpose about 5,000 Frenclr over, the country. booklets were sent free to M. Ie Special provision has also been made Pasteur Hirsch, and to Monsieur Ie

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Pasteur Guex, of the McAlI Mission, "The better elements, both Moham- Paris. medan and Christian, are driven from the country. The reactionary elements, Waldenaians and the War engineered by young Turks and Aus- trians, are in control. T HE American Waldensian Aid So- ciety, of which Bishop Greer of "It looks almost certain that nothing N ew York is president, reports that will be settled in Albania until after the Waldensian Church in Italy is in the war, whenever that may be." desperate financial straits as a consequence of the European war. The NORTH AMERICA usual income of $50,000 which has been contributed yearly to the support Student Volunteer Gathering. of the Waldensian missions by Eng- STUDENTS have found inspiration land, Scotland, Ireland, Germany, Switzerland, Holland, Sweden and from large missionary conventions Denmark, has been almost entirely cut and have been arranging similar gatheroff. In consequence of this, the ings on a smaller scale. The Connectipastors, evangelists, teachers and col· cut Valley Missionary Union, which met porteurs are threatened with starvation at Smith College the first of November, and their work with a disastrous re- brought together a finely representative duction in its extension and intensity. body of students from the colleges of During centuries of persecution, endured that section. The Student Volunteer for the sake of faith and freedom, the Conference held at Geneva, New York, Waldenses have trusted in God and in early in December at Hobart and Wiltheir Christian brethren of all Protes- liam Smith Colleges, assembled over tant churches for aid in maintaining two hundred and fifty delegates from their work, which has always been :.tt- twenty-five out of town institutions. tended with great difficulties, and they have not trusted in vain. In the A Woman's Missionary Day present crisis the Waldensians look to THE women of New York City and the American Aid Society as the one source of help that is so imperatively vicinity held an interdenominational needed. missionary day on November 7th, when the principal speaker was Mrs. Helen The Albanian Situation Barrett Montgomery. The Triennial Conference was held in the same city, REV. C. T. ERICKSON, who was in January 15-16. America last year, has been kept from returning to Elbasan by the dis- Work of the Federal Council tracted political conditions there. and is now in Italy. Passports into Al- THE Executive Committee of the bania were refused him in Rome, and, Federal Council of the Churches indeed, Italy has taken off all her of Christ in America at its meeting in steamers on the Adriatic. Mr. Erick- Richmond in December, took action on son is staying at a small place on the a number of important matters, among Adriatic about opposite Durazzo, watch- which were the following: The Presiing events, working among Albaniall dent, Professor Shailer Mathews, and refugees and studying the past history Dr. Gulick were appointed as ambasof the Albanian nation. sadors to the churches of Japan, to sail January 9, 191 5. The Administrative While in Rome, he managed to get Committee was' instructed to communiinformation as to recent events in cate with the various ecumenical or- Albania ano writes: ganizations and the constituent bodies of the Council relative to a World Congress on matters of general interest to the Christian churches of the wo~lq.

Measures were adopted for the organ- same enthusiasm they expend on white ization of the churches in local com- institutes. They are visiting negro munities in the interest of International schools as they have never been visited Peace, and approving the preparation before; are helping to provide funds and publication of a book by Sidney for industrial supervising teachers and L. Gulick to be placed in the hands giving care and attention to the proper of all the pastors of the nation in this construction of new school buildings." interest. A new Commission was created, entitled "Commission on the Missionaries at Union Seminary Church and Country Life," with Gifford Pinchot as Chairman' and Rev. Charles THE Board of Directors of Union O. Gill as Field Investigator, its first Theological Seminary voted in May, ~ work to be a state-wide survey of Ohio.. with headquarters at Columbus, I914, to establish as soon as the neces- Ohio. sary funds could be secured, a Depart- ment of Foreign Service, whose pur- Medical Mission Survey pose, to quote the resolution, "shall be to provide adequate training for in- T HE International Health Commis- tending missionaries, and courses use- sion (Rockefeller Foundation) is ful and appropriate for such mission- making a thorough investigation of the aries on furlough as may desire them." medical missions of the world by cor- respondence. The commission is seek- In order to carry out this plan, the ing to learn the nature and equipment Board has appointed the Rev. Daniel of medical missions in order to deter- Johnson Fleming, M.A., M.Sc., Organ- mine their ability to cooperate in the izing Director of the Department uf extermination of the book-worm disease. Foreign Service. Mr. Fleming, who Later a similar investigation is under for ten years has been a missionary in consideration with reference to leprosy. Lahore, India, was to begin his work about January IS, 1915, and while he Southern Interest in Negroes will give certain lectures on foreign missionary subjects, he will devote DR. WEATHERFORD, who is work- himself especially, at the outset, to the ing for a better understanding be- preparation of a complete plan of the tween the white and the black popula- proposed department. It is hoped that tions of the South, reports a new, a full announcement may be made genuine interest among the whites in within a few months, and that the negro problems. active work of the department may begin not later than the autumn 0'- "I make bold to assert that there have been more volumes on the negro 19I 5· read by Southern white people in the last five years than were read in 'all Medical Missionary Conference the fifty years preceding. Two thousand copies of our books were placed in the THE successful interdenominational hands of some of the busiest people in conference of medical missionaries a certain section. Within two months, more than 1,600 wrote in reply that the held in December, at Battle Creek. book had been rearl with eager interest. Michigan, brought together 200 mis- Fifteen thousand college students ha'e sionary workers-almost all physicians read and studied a book on this subject who have seen service on the foreign in three years. Scores of county super- field-representing practically every mis- intendents of education are holding in- sionary denomination in ·this country. stitutes for colored teachers with the As usual, the delegates were entertained by Dr. J. H. Kellogg at his sanitarium.

Upon recommendation of the com- mittee on resolutions, whose chairman

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

was John R. Hague, field secretary of 2. For the support of this parish so its the African Inland Mission, the con- great work need not be crippled by debt ference voted to petition the various and deficiencies, even tho the building American mission boards to take some be in ruins. concerted action to provide a union medical college for women in south 3. For a Restoration Fund so that we India. may rebuild our beautiful church home and equip it for worship and work, for services A plan for teaching Bible women in and for service. missionary fields the elementary principles of nursing was voted practicable This was the order in which this and useful, and a general increase of congregation who had been "tested by medical missionaries in connection with fire" rated its own responsibilities, placall principal stations was urged.-The ing missions first, current expenses sec- Continent. ond, and the restoration of their burned church home last. As a result they "MThe Diocese of the North Pole secured pledges for nearly $33,000. Of Y diocese is at least famous for this was pledged for missions, $4,854 one thing, and that is-it con- -an increase of $2,901 over the pretains the North Pole!" This is the ceding year.-Spirit of Missions. way the Bishop of Mackenzie River speaks of his huge diocese of land and LATIN AMERICA river with only 6,000 inhabitants. The people, chiefly Indians and Esquimaux, Sunday-school Workers Visit South with here and there a white man en- America gaged in the work of a fur trapper, are scattered about all up and down the FRANK L. BROWN, of Brooklyn, country, and journeys of enormous Joint General Secretary of the length and many perils have to be undertaken to reach them. The Bishop World's Sunday-school Association, and has labored in this country for twenty- others, who are to tour South America three years. It is said of the Esqui- on the Kroonland in the interests of maux that they are an intelligent race, Sunday-school work, sailed from New who are not only quick to assimilate York on J annary 21st. After stopping a1l the truths which are taught them, at Havana and Kingston, and passing but themselves act as missionaries, through the Panama Canal, they will eager to pass on to others of their visit the chief cities of South America, tribes' the good news which has so holding conferences with missionaries changed their own lives.-The Church- and native workers. man. The "Ins.tituto Ingles" Tested by Fire THE morning after St. John's HE boarding department of the T Presbyterian Mission's School for Church, Jersey City Heights, N. J., Boys at Santiago de Chile is, as usual, full to overflowing in the school year w<:s destroyed by fire, the rector, Rev. of 1914. This is in spite of the keen George D. Hadley, announced the competition by the Church and State organization of a committee to canvass schools, which are the best in Latin the parish, in which enlisted 193 callers America, and also in spite of the great to visit the entire communicant list. financial depression through which They were to secure support: Chile is passing. The total matricula- tion of the school in 1914 will he I. For missions and charities so that our around 275. Of this number the maown trouble might make us think first of jority, of course, are Chileans, but others worse off, there ate representatives of all the neighboring republics. The desire on

the part of parents to educate their OBITUARY NOTICES sons in the Instituto Ingles is due not only to the fact that good instruction i:; Earl Roberts on Missions given, but, in an increasing degree, t,) the fact that the students are not only THE recent death of Earl Roberts instructed but also educated morally and makes it appropriate to recall a letspiritually. The Christian work in the Instituto is well organized. Prayers ter that he once addrest to Army ofare held every. morning, and each boy ficers on the subject of missions, in must have a copy of the New Testa- which he said: "You will most cerment and use it in the responsive read- tainly come into contact with the repreings.-Assembly Herald. sentatives of various Christian mission- ary societies, whose special work it is THE ISLAND WORLD to show to non-Christian peoples the love of the Christ whom we profess to The Flag and the Cross serve. We commend these mission- aries to you as a body of men and THE presence of the American gov- women who are working helpfully with ernment in the Philippines is a the government, and contributing to the elevation of the people in a way imposhelp to the missionaries in many ways. sible to official actioll. ". e would sug- Dr. Maurice A. Rader, superintendent gest that you use all olJHortullities of of the Methodist work in Manila, making yourself personally acquainted pointed out, in a recent address, the with the work they are doing, and the yalue of the government educational character of the converts. Most missystem. In other mission fields, nine- sions will bear looking into, and we tenths of the missionaries are in school- are convinced that if you will do this, rooms, and the American government you will never afterward condemn or has freed the Church from this work in belittle them." the Islands. Such progress has been made in training teachers, that to-d3Y Admiral Mahan instead of the II,OOO American teachers, there are less than 700, and 5,000 THE death, on December 1st, of Rear- Filipinos are now teaching in the Eng- Admiral Alfred Thayer Mahan, lish language, and progress has been made along all lines. He says also that U. S. N., was recognized as an inci- God has planted the American flag in dent not only of national but of interthe Philippines to demonstrate to the national importance, for his works upon Orient what democracy can do for an naval strategy were authorities through- Eastern race. out the civilized world. Yet, tho by profession a man of war, he was by Mr. Roy H. Brown, of the Presby- practise a man of peace-a devoted and terian Board, calls attention to the ease faithful follower of Jesus Christ. Far of communication secured by the gov- less widely known than his books on ernment roads and the inter-island naval tactics were his writings upon steamers. As Roman roads and the ecclesiastical and devotional subjects. Greek language made possible the rapid Few laymen have equaled him in this spread of the Gospel in apostolic days, particular. In 1900 he was elected to so the advantages of American govern- the Episcopal Board of Missions, and he ment and the use of. the English tongue served continuously until its reorganizaare helping the cause of Christ in the tion in 19IO. His wide experience in Philippines to-day. foreign affairs made him a most useful member,

Education of Women in Japan. By The foundation of modern

Margaret E. Burton. Illustrated. With in Japan was laid by Christian mis- bibliography. 12mo, 268 p.p. $1.25 net. sionaries. Unlike China and India, Fleming H. Revell Company, New York, Japan from the first sent the children 1914. of the higher social grades to mission To Miss Burton we have learned to schools. Upon the foundations since 1872 the government has been building look for clear and adequate treatment worthy structures of its own. The of the important theme of woman's present difficulty of Christian schools education in mission lands. Wi·thout to keep pace with those of the governexuberance of style, but with directness ment because of inadequate funds-the and sympathy she gives the results of firm, but reasonable requirements for her careful studies, made at close range. government recognition, now received Especially timely is the discussion of by but one-third of the Christian the educational problem of Japan. "All schools-the necessity of Christian Asia is the ship, Japan is the' rudder," higher education, if Japan is to be was a saying of Joseph Cook, which is won for Christ-these topics are well even more significant now than when argued and illustrated. he made it. The influence of woman, moreover, is a more potent factor in The book culminates in the earnest the Sunrise Kingdom than we have plea for the speedy consummation of realized. Miss Tsuda, who is herself the plan for a Union Christian College an illustration of her words, has said: for Women in Tokyo-a plan which "The women of Japan are· powerful to has become urgent and definite in Japan a degree which you can not understan<l. and now awaits the final approval of They have always had a hand in every- the Mission Boards for its opening in thing in Japan." Miss Burton tells HS 19 16. that, tho Japanese women in theory have been powerless, in reality they "The Education of Women in have greatly influenced the currents of Japan" is a valuable book for referlife of their people. Their authority ence, as it supplie, an essential chapter wilhin the household is absolute, so that in the history of education and of the in some respects it has no counterpart progress of Christ's kingdom. among vVestern women. The Call of the East. By Thurlow Fraser. Especially interesting is Miss Bur- Illustrated. 12mo. 351 pp. $1.25, net. ton's history of that brilliant period Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1914. between the sixth and twelfth centuries Formosa is a "Beautiful Isle" of when the intellectual life of Japan received great impetus from the culture unusual fascination, and with a unique of China and "female education took missionary history. It is here made its rise almost spontaneously." In the the scene of a romance that captures earlier part of that period there was the reader's attention, contains much "no limit to the activities of women," valuable information, and must con-_~ in religion, in philanthropy, in liter- vince many doubters as to the real ature, and even in politics and war. character and value of Christian mis- sions. The story contains love and ad-

venture, wit and pathos. Dr. George work in Cleveland, and here describes Leslie Mackay, the picturesque apostle the methods used with such success.

to Formosa is one of the heroes, and a Other city pastors will do well to study few of the other characters are drawn his work.

from life. In his power to describe The Making of a Country Parish. By exciting experiences with graphic pen Harlow S. Mills. J2mO, J:26 pp. 50 Mr. Fraser reminds us of Ralph Connor; cents, net. Missionary Education Movein character delineation and humorous ment, 1914. touches, of James S. Gale; and in the What Dr. Tippy has done for the forceful. presentation of the case for missions he vies with Harold Begbie. city Dr. Mills has done for the This is an excellent story to put into the hands of young people and of country parish. He has shown how ignorant objectors to foreign missions. God can enable a man to make the Church a power even in the most dis· couraging field-city or country. Rural pastors will find invaluable help in Dr.

A Revelation of the Chinese Revolution. Mills' experience. By John J. Mullowney. Illustrated, 12mo, 142 pp. 75 cents, net. Fleming H. By-Products of the Rural Sunday- Revell Co, 1915. A Chinese compatriot is the author, , school. By J. M. Somerndike. 12lU0, and Dr. Mullowney the editor, of this 169 pp. 60 cents, net. The Westminster Press, Philadelphia, 1914. The Sunday-school is both a mission- picture of General Hwang Hsing; the ary agency and a missionary training ~'real" leader of the Chinese Revolu- school. These chapters show how the tion. The author is opposed to Yuan school may be made more efficient in Shi Kai and his methods, and his views. both-especially in rural districts.

are from this' standpoint. Mary Webb and the Mother Society. By Albert L. Vail. 8vo, IIO pp. 50 cents Bamboo: Tal~s of the Orient Born. By net. American Baptist Publication So- Lyon Sharman. 8vo, 81 pp. $1.00, net. ciety, 1914. Paul Elder & Co, San Francisco, 1914. Mary Webb was a cripple in body, This book of varied tales brings us but not in spirit, and was closely nearer to the heart of the Chinese for it is written sympathetically ,by one identified with the founding of Ameriwho lived there in the impressionable vears of childhood. The information can Baptist missions. Her life story is limited, but the missionary spirit is is beautifully told and may well prove evident. an inspiration to others. The reading of a sermon by Dr. Emmons gave her a passion for missions.

The Individual and the Social' Gospel. Pioneers-Studies in Christian Bio- By Shailer Mathews. 16mo, 84 pp. 2S graphy. By K. J. Saunders. Paper. 8 cents. Missionary Education Movement, annas. Association Press, Calcutta, India. 1914. These excellent brief sketches .of Social Christianity is to-day a pop- Martyn, Chalmers, Bannerji, Neesima, ular study. It has been too much Ibrahim, and others, are well fitted for neglected and may now be over em- school and college study circles. phasized. Dr. Mathews here gives Though Wars Should Arise. By Mrs.. some brief practical studies in the work Howard Taylor. r6mo. 6d., net. Mor- gan and Scott, London, 1914; 30 cents. that Christianity does in transforming China Inland Mission, Philadelphia and Toronto. the individual, the home, the school This is a spiritual message for the and society.

The Church-a Community Force. By present crisis in missions and Chris- Dr. Worth M. Tippy. 12mo, 80 pp. 50 tianity. It will be welcomed by many cents. Missionary Education Movement, a heart that is shadowed by the war clouds. 1914. Dr. Tippy has done a remarkable

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

Sun Children and Moon Children. By Jesus the Missionary. Studies in the life T. 8vo. IS. Church Missionary So- of Jesus as the Master, the Model, the ciety, London, 1914. Pro.totype for: all missio.naries. On many The text and illustrations are both Scnptures, InterpretatIOns are given which haye been worked out on the misyery attractive to children of eight to sion tield. By Rev. Hugh W. White. 16mo, 140 pp. Presbyterian Mission twelve years. The Sun Babies of India Press, Shanghai, China, 1914. and the Moon Babies of England become friends. The Growth of the Christian Church. By Robert Hastings Nichols. 2 volumes, A Highway for God. Annual Report of 12mo, pp. 163, 224. $2.00, net. Presby- the Sudan United Misllion, 1914. terian Board of Publication, Philadelphia, The pictures and charts make thi s 1914. report unique. It is a work of art. The New Life in China. By Edward THE WORLD OUTLOOK Vilson Vallace. llIustrated, 12mo, pp. This new popular monthly is some- II4. Is.,net. United Council for Mis- sionary Education, London, 1914. thing new in missIOnary magazines, Trail Tales of Western Canada. By F. and does great credit to the artistic A. Robinson, B.A. 3S. 6d., net. Marand editorial ability of Dr. S. Earl shall Bros., London, 1914. Taylor and his associates, of the Boar,] The Missionary Speaker and Reader. of Foreign Missions of the Methodist IS., net. Carey Press, London, 1914. Episcopal Church. The articles are of fascinating originality and interest and Thirty Years in Moukden. By Rev. Dr. the illustrations are superb. The first Dugald Christie, CM.F. 8s. {d., net. Foreign Mission Office, Edinburgh, 1914. number (January, 1915) is devoted to North Africa and is decidedly "popu- The Gospel in Futuna. By Rev. Dr. lar" in its literary articles and pictoriOlI William Gunn. 6s., net. Foreign Misfeatures. "What I expect to see in sion Office, Edinburgh, 1914. North Africa" (a humorous sketch), and "vVhat I saw in North Africa" ': a Jaya: Which Means Victory.. By BeJreport by the editor), are in striking trice M. Harband. 6s. Marshall Brothcontrast. The three-color cover IS a ers, London, 1914.

work of art. Bible Illustrations from Persia of To- The aim of the World Outlook IS to day. By the Rev. Edward J. Clifton. 3s. 6d., net. Marshall Brothers, London, reach the uninterested and compel missionary interest and sympathy. The 19 1 4. Judson, The Hero of Burma. l:y Jesse price is $1.50 per year, but we take pleasure in offering it in combination Page, F.H.G.S. 2S. 6d. Seeley, Service with the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE & Co.. London, 1914. WORLD for the price of the REVIEW. A Congo .Pathfinder: W. Holman Hunt Among African Savages. By John H. $2.50 (to new Subscribers only). Send Veeks. 25. Religious Tract Society. for the January number and you will London. 1914. have a pleasing surprize. On Trail and Rapid by Dog-Sled and NEW BOOKS Canoe. By the Rev. H. A. Cody, M.A. The Present World Situation. By John' 2S. 6d.• net. Seeley, Service & Co., Lon- don, 1914. R. Mott. 8vo. Student Volunteer Move- ment, New York, 1915. A Missionary's Life in the Land of the Samuel B. Capen. By Chauncey]. Haw- Gods. By Rev. Isaac Dooman. $2.00, kins. Illus., 8vo. $1.25, net. Pilgrim net. Richard G. Badger, Boston, 1914. Press, Boston, 1914. The Layman Revato. A Story of a Rest- The Gospel and the Mala. By Frederick less Mind in Buddhist India at the time Lamb. 120 pp. Is. Wesleyan Mission of Greek Influence. 4to, lOS pp. By Press, London, 1913. Edward P. Buffet, 804 Bergen Avenue, Jersey City, N. J., 1914. The Village of Hope. By Kheroth Mo- hini Bose. 131 pp. IS. 6d. Marshall Brothers, London, 1914.

Cecil Robertson of Sianfu. By F. B. Meyer, D.D. Illustrated, 168 pp. Cloth, 2s., net; paper, Is. 6d., net. Carey Press, London, 1913.

Unknown Mongolia. A Record of Travel and Exploration in North-West Mongo- lia and Dzungaria. By Douglas Carru- thers. Foreword by the Right Hon. Earl Curzon of Kedleston. 2 vols., illustrated. 688 pp. 28s., net. HutchiIl- son, London, 1913.

Beyond the Pir Panjal. By Ernest F. Native Tribes of the Northem Territory Neve. 8vo, 178 pp. 2s. 6d., net. Church of Australia. By Baldwin Spencer, Missionary Society, London, 1914. C.M.G:, F.R.S. Illustrate¢, ix., 516 pp.

Tales of the Arabs. By M. E. Hume Macmillan, London, 1914. Griffith. Illustrated, 179 pp. Is. 6d., net. Church Unity in Japan. By William Im- R. T. S., London, 1914. brie. 53 pp. Kyobunkwan, Tokyo, Veiled Women. By Marmaduke Pickthall. 1914. 16mo, 320 pp. G. Bell & Sons, London, The Gods of Northern Buddhism, Their 1913. History, Iconography, and Progressive In Far New Guinea. By Henry Newton. Evolution through the Northern Budd- Illustrated, 304 pp. l6s., net. Seeley, hist Countries. By Alice Getty. London, 1914. ~ General Introduction on Buddhism, Greeks in America. By Thomas Burges. translated from the French of J. Illustrated, 256 pp. $1.35, net. Sherman, Deniker. £3 35. net. Clarendon Press, French & Co., Boston, 1914. London, 1914.

The Kingdom and the Farm. The Prob- PAMPHLETS lem of the Country Church. By Harlan L. Freeman. 75 cents, net. Fleming H. Is Church Attendance Worth While? Revell Co., New York, 1914. By Bergen D. Stelle. 10 cents per copy. Old Andy, the Moonshiner. By Martha P. D. Stelle, Upland, Pa., 1914. S. Gielow. Illustrated, 12mo. Boards, 50 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New Money and Missions. By a Business Man. 5 cents per copy. Laymen's Mis- York, 1914. sionary Movement, New York, 19T.1. History of the American Baptist Foreign White Heroines.in Africa. By Constance .Mission Society. By Thomas S. Bar- E. Padwick. 63 pp. 4d. United bour. American Baptist Foreign Mission Council for Missionary Education, London, 1914. Society, Philadelphia, 1914. Our World Family. A Study for Juniors. By Helen Douglas Billings. 96 pp. Cen- A Part of the World Program. A Manual tral Committee on the United Study of for the Use of the Superintendent of Missionary Education of the County Foreign Missions, West Medford, Mass. ~unday-school Association. By Eliza- The Immigrant Gateway. A Missionary Demonstration. Being the Representa- beth D. Paxton. 66 pp., 20 cents.

tion of the Entrance of Immigr;mts Into Missionary Education Movement, New the United States, and of the Examfna- York, 1914. tion Conducted by Officials of the Immi- Report of the Work of the Bureau of gration Service to Determine Their Fit- Education for the Natives of Alaska, ness to Enter. By Reuben L. Breed. 1912-13. United States Bureau of Edu- Missionary Education Movement, 156 cation, Bulletin, 19l4, No. 31, Whole Number 605. Government Printing Fifth Avenue, New York, 1913. From the Bread Line to the Pulpit. Office, Washington, D.C., 1914.

The Story of How I "Came Back." The Student Christian Movement at By Frederic J. Baylis. With an intro- Work. Being the Report of fhe General duction by John H. Wyburn. 16mo. Committee of the Movement for the Col-· 43 pp. Fleming H. Revell Cd., New York, 1914. lege, year 1913-14. Pp. 77, 6d., net. Student Christian Movement, London, The Cross in Japan. A Study of 1914· Achievement and Opportunity. By Negro Year Book. An Annual Encyclo- Fred Eugene Hagin. Illustrated 12mo. 367 pp. $1.50, net. Fleming H. Revel! pedia of the Negro. 1914-15. Monroe Co., New York, 1914. N. Work, Editor. 25 cents, 446 pp. Negro Year Book Publishing Co., Tus- The Ban of the Bori. Demons and kegee Institute, Ala., 1914. Demon Dancing in West and North The Folly of Federation Between the Africa. By Major A. J. N. Tremearne. Church and the World. By R. E. Neighbour. 64 pp., 10 cents. Charles Illustrated, 497 pp., 21s. net. Heath, C. Cook, New York, 1914. Cranton & Cusely, London, 1914. The Evangelical Union. Report of the Missionary Travels in Central Africa. Churches and Organizations Constitu- By F. S. Arnot, F. R. G. S. Introduc- ting the Union. 1914 Annual Meeting and Missionary Directory. Evan- tion by W. H. Bennet, xix., 159 pp., gelical Union, Box 436, Manil<l., P.r., 2s. Holness, London, 1914. 1914.

The Women of Egypt. By Elizabeth Cooper. Illustrated, 300 pp., 6s. Hurst & Blackett, London, 1914. A Central African Parish. By Egbert The Italians. A StUdy of the Countrymen C. Hudson. Illustrated, 96 pp., 15. net. of Columbus, Dante, and Michael Angelo. (Immigrants in the Making Series.) By Simpkin, Marshall, London, 1914.

Our Opportunity in the West Indies. Sarah Gertrude Pomeroy, A.M. Illus- By Benjamin G. O'Rorke. Illustrated, trated. 61 pp. 25 cents, net. Fleming H. 136 pp., Is. ,uf. S. P. G., London, 1913. -Revell Co., New York, 1914.

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1914

to the

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, NOVEMBER, I9I4 SOME QUESTIONS ANSWERED IN THIS NUMBER PREPARED BY MRS. F. M. GILBERT, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

I. Where does a paper bag do the work of a tract? 2. Why did the African chief order the women to join the Chris- tians? 3. In the minds of Chinese thinkers what is the chief requirement of religion? 4. Seeking God by following the course of the sun, what did the Kongo natives find? 5. How near did the number of conversions come to the number prayed for by the evang-elistic committee? 6. Why did the South American say he would not wait to see the grain weighed? 7. Why is it difficult to count the Canadian Eskimo by families? 8. How did the chart affect the small boy's prayer? 9. As the Christian Endeavor secretary went to the war, what was his prayer? 10. How did the difference in motive affect the character of the early immigrations to California and to Oregon? I I. The centenary of what event is to be celebrated in New Zealand in December? 12. What unexpected invitation did the Persian official receive? 13. When the young man's mother looked through the keyhole, what did she see? 14. In what country are government officials giving lectures on the effects of alcohol? IS. Instead of a knife and a bottle, what does the Indian now carry home? r6. What was the score in the novel relay race? r7. In what publication are the achievements of missions celebrated in epic verse? 18. How m;my ceremonies have been necessary for the inauguration of Uganda's Christian king? 19. iVhat type of appeal won missionary volunteers at the English college? 20. When the Kopu Chinese came to the harvest festival, what book did they bring with them?

FALLS OF SNAKE RIVER

The river here is 1,000 feet wide and falls 210 feet MOUNT HOOD, OREGON, ONE OF THE GREAT PEAKS OF THE SIERRA NEVADA RANGE TYPICAL SCENES ON THE WESTERN AMERICAN FRONTIER

~y W

Vol. XXXVII, No. Il E D Old Senes NOVEMBER, 1914 Vol. XXVII. No. II New Series II SIGNS FTHETIMES i THE INFLUENCE OF THE WAR ON commerce received a staggering blow but it was for a time impossible to A MISSIONS send money to workers in India, Tur- LREADY the widespread distress key and other fields. In Turkey, caused by the fratricidal strife in horses. camels, and donkeys have been Europe is being felt throughout the taken for the army, and all men who world. The reports of the effect of the could do so have fled to cover to eswar on mlSSlOns, given on another cape being drafted. This has caused page, present only a faint idea of the the closing of mission presses and situation. other institutions. The West Africa Mission, which is in German territory, Naturally, the German missions are is shut off from communication with most deeply affected at present. The America and Europe, and South twenty-six Protestant societies sup- America is feeling the suppression of port over two thousand German and European trade. The Board has 9.000 native workers, in some. 3.500 been obliged to authorize missionstations and outstations, scattered in aries to sell mission property in various parts of China, in Japan, in India, Persia and elsewhere, in order Eastern, Western, and South Africa, to obtain funds for food, if necessary. in Turkey, Persia, Russia, India, Micronesia, Latin America, the East From Busrah, Turkish Arabia, Indies and Australasia. The workers comes a letter from a missionary, in these lands are now cut off from reporting unusual excitement among the homeland and are without money. Moslems on the eve of the feast of Some of the German colonies are al- Ramazan. Many open threats are ready captured and in others there is uttered against Christians, and disconflict with British, French, or Jap- astrous results are feared if Turkey anese forces. should enter the conflict.

The Presbyterian Board (U. S. A.) The brighter side of the European reports world-wide conditions un- struggle is in the sobering of muItiparalleled in history. Not only has The edjtor~ seek t(' pre~erve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by con· tributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

tudes as they face the realities of ruin awakenings have often taken place and death. There is also the op- in the darkest hours of history. In portunity offered for self-sacrifice times of distress men look to God and heroism, and for the exhibition of for help, and when earthly possesforbearance and the spirit of service .sions seem insecure Christians are and brotherly love even toward an often more ready to lay up treasure enemy. It is possible, too, that this in heaven. breaking of the war cloud may clear the atmosphere, so that the spirit of Surely there is no need to urge warfare may be laid low, neighbors upon Christians everywhere the duty may forget their petty quarrels and and privilege of earnest prayer to selfish rivalries, religious liberty may Almighty God that the Spirit of Christ be given a broader application, and may soon dominate the policies and common suffering may prove a bond plans of governments and peoples, of brotherhood. Already the Czar and that the war may not retard the has promised new privileges to the work of Christ, but may be over- Jews, and new liberties to Poland. ruled to open larger opportunities for A cablegram from Petrograd says the preaching and acceptance of the that Russian Methodists are helping Gospel of Christ. Christians in the wounded and there are new op- America and England and even in portumtles for the Gospel. The France and Germany should not be people of India have showed an un- so engrossed and disturbed by the expected spirit of loyalty to Great distress of the present strife that Britain, and the domestic strife in they neglect the eternal and spiritual Ireland and on the part of suffra- mission of the Church. Out of cirgists has been quieted-at least for cumstances of suffering and difficulthe present. It is difficult as yet t ties come the heroism and self-sacrisee the benefits that Germany and fice "vhich are so radically linked Austria will derive from the struggle with the advancement of the Kingin the event of their defeat, and years dom of Christ. must elapse before wounds will be healed, so that the spirit of brotherly Since the days of the Son of Man love shall prevail such as was mani- on earth and the hour of His crucifest at Edinburgh and in the Con- fixion, through the early persecutions tinuation Committee Conferences. The of Nero, the dark ages, the Refor- Protestant work in Germany is also mation and the pioneering days, the suffering greatly and in need of help. cause of Christ has always advanced A silver lining to the cloud of dis- in the face of difficulties. Let it be so tress in Germany may be seen in now. If ever there was need for the notable fact that a fund has been Christian missionary work it is tostarted in England to provide for the day. German, French, Dutch and Swiss missionaries who are temporarily des- NEW INTEREST IN SOUTH AMERICA titute. T HERE is, apparently, a world- Weare encouraged also by the fact that the greatest spiritual movement toward Latin-America that is increasing more and more rapidly. This is manifest in the realms of commerce and politics, in

OF THE

learning and religion. Here is one of Woman's Board of Missions of the the greatest neglected fields of Chris- Disciples of Christ has also recently tian missions in the world. The great appointed a special commission to masses of the people, while nominally study Latin America, to study the Catholic, are in reality irreligious. spiritual needs of these republics, to Buenos Aires, the third largest city seek and send missionaries to the on the American continent, has only field, and to spread information one church of any kind, Protestant, among people at home. Catholic, or Mohammedan, to every 20,000 people, and only one Protes- A SOUTH AMERICAN LEADERS' tant church to every 120,000. Physi- CONFERENCE cally, it is probably the finest organized city in the world, morally it "ONE of the most significant is most deplorable. gatherings ever held in Latin In Bolivia the Government has America," writes Rev. S. C. Inman, granted financial aid to the two "was recently held in Montevideo, schools for boys and young men con- Uruguay, under the auspices of the ducted by the Methodist Episcopal Young Men's Christian Associations Church, so that the missionaries have of South America. the opportunity of shaping the educational life of that entire republic, "Montevideo, as the capital of the and of profoundly affecting the wel- smallest of South American republics, fare of nearly three millions of escapes the jealousies connected with people. Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, or Santiago, the capitals of the 'A B C' In Chile there is a growing appre- countries, and for this reason is a ciation of the mission schools and of popular convention city, and is the the Protestant efforts to reform the headquarters of the Continental Comvicious and lift up the illiterate. mittee of the Young Men's Chris- Leading school officials unite with the tian Association. It is called the best journalists of the large cities in Athens of the South, and is a literary their approval of the Protestant center.· Protestantism has gained an program. In Argentina and Uruguay excellent name in the community, and as full religious liberty is enjoyed as a number of prominent men of the exists in North America. All this city attend the Protestant services." promises a readier access to classes formerly almost inaccessible. The problems that face the mission work in South America are serious Evidences of the increasing mis- and a number of the secretaries of sionary interest in Latin America the Young Men's Christian Associaon the part of Christians in die tions met in conference concerning United States, are seen also in the them, with bishops of the Episcopal recent appointment of Rev. George and Methodist Church, the President P. Howard, a Methodist missionary of Mackenzie College, agents of the of Montevideo, Uruguay, to the Bible Societies, and well-known minsuperintendency of the work of the isters from eight different denomi- VVorld's Sunday-school Association nations. From beyond South America for South America. The Christian came Mr. E. Sautter, the General Secretary of the World's Committee

from Geneva, Mr. Gilbert Beaver, (illiterate) in Latin America must from New York, and the Rev. S. C. be acquainted with Latin culture and Inman from Mexico. literature, and a knowledge of French, besides the language of the people, I t was the first time that repre- is most desirable. The continued sentatives of the Evangelical forces emphasis of this idea was one of the of Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile, most valuable things of the conferhad met together in conference, and ence. It was well summed up by while the primary object was to dis- one secretary, who said: "When the cuss Association work, it developed Anglo-Saxon comes to see about into a study of the deep problems membership in the association, he faced in Latin America by Protes- asks to see your swimming-pool and tant Mission forces. Commissions your game privileges. When the had been appointed in advance to Latin comes in, he wants to see your investigate the following sUbjects; constitution and by-laws. It is the difference between the practical and 1. The basis of Active Membership the theoretical. in the Young Men's Christian Association. "This difference led to the Im- portance of the question as to 2. The character and form of re- whether the South American Assoligious education in the associations. ciations should apply only the church- membership test, considered by the 3. Publication of literature. Latin as sectarian, or would adopt 4. The kind of preparation needed the personal test, which to the inby workers in Latin America. dividualistic Latin is the only worthy 5. The Sunday question and the one. The decision was unanimous Association's program. that an Association might use either 6. Nork among University stu- of these tests which local conditions dents. seem to require." 7. Basis of formation of the South American Union. The Commission on Publication 8. Program of work for the next declared that: "It is the judgment of five years. the Commission that an International Each commission presented its find- Publishing House would be desirings and the entire discussion was able, and we look forward with keen carried on in Spanish and Portu·· anticipation to the Union Publishing guese. House being projected by the Com- "It seems of tremendous import- mittee on Cooperation for Latin ance," says Mr. Inman, "that all America, of the various Church mission workers, and those at home Boards, to which we pledge our corwho have the direction of the work dial support." in Latin America, realize to the fullest extent the differences between "The program of work for the next the North and South Americans, and five years," concludes :l1r. Inman, "is that the latter look to France and at once an inspiration and a chal- Latin Europe for their leadership in lenge to everyone interested in winliterature, philosophy, and material ning South America for Christ. aspect8 of life. Those who would influence any except the analfabetos

Among the plans are: The opening The Peruvians are also susceptible of new Associations in the four to religious appeals, and when Prot- capitals, Asuncion, Santiago, La Paz, estant misSions are no longer ham- and Lima, and in several commercial pered by priests and prohibitions centers like Rosario, Santos, Bahia, there is good reason to believe that and Para; buildings in all the cities, evangelical Christianity will be wel- where the associations are now in comed.

rented quarters; the naming of a Con- PRAYING AND WORKING IN INDIA tinental Secretary for religious work, one for Student work, one for T HE Commission on Aggressive Physical Education, and two men for Evangelism in India annually the International Review; a training- sets apart one month as a special school for secretaries. To carry out time for evangelistic effort. The these plans twenty new secretaries are work is continued throughout the needed, supported from abroad, and year, but a season of united prayer, forty secretaries should be found and combined evangelistic endeavor, and supported locally." an output of special literature, are particularly emphasized at this time. A larger Conference on Latin America is being planned for all mis- Bishop F. W. Warne of the Methosion workers in the field, to be held dist Episcopal Church, writes that in 1916, and for the purpose of study- this year they decided to pray for ing to win these twenty republics for ten thousand souls. It seemed a Christ. great request, being nearly double the number of any revival month in UNREST VERSUS LIBERTY IN PERU former years. But the pt'ayer was more than answered! And the re- BECAUSE of the disturbed con- markable thing is, that this signai ditions following the recent revo- achievement is not the result of special mass movements. There seems lution in Peru, Congress will prob- to have been a general forward moveably not act on the religious liberty ment. These figures are significant: measure immediately. "In that case," Baptisms, 10,230; meetings held, 20,- writes Mr. H. P. Archerd of Callao, 336; present at these meetings, 421,- "most of the work of last year will go 729; Bible portions sold, 23,101; for naught and we shall need to begin tracts distributed, 269,065; heathen our campaign all over again after the shrines torn down, 45 I; laymen who political readjustment." In any case, gave volunteer, days, I,705; total however, the effort for freedom of number of days given, 2,721. "Said worship will not be abandoned. The I not unto thee that if thou wouldest country is to be flooded with liter- believe thou shouldest see the glory ature on the subject. Laws granting of God?" full religious liberty may be delayed hut not given up. In spite of the A fanaticism in the country, there is a MASS MOVEMENT IN WEST AFRICA strong and progressive element, and N example of the mass movement since the country is constantly coming which is taking place toward into closer contact with North Amer- Christianity in parts of Nigeria is ica modern ideals are gaining ground. referred to by the Rev. J. D. Aitken.

of the Church Missionary Society, enough to support 25 evangelists out who was stationed in the Soba in the surrounding country, and still Country to the north of the For- have considerable to spare for making cados branch of the Niger. In less seats for the native churches which than a year he registered nearly have so far been put up free of cost 2,000 people who had thrown away by the natives.

their idols. In one town there were The church building has been once over 600 of these, and one of the enlarged and is again too small for chiefs ordered the women of his sec- the average Sunday attendance.

tion of the town to join the Chris- T tians, "that they might learn to love A CHINESE BOARD OF MISSIONS their neighbors instead of poisoning HE most encouraging evidence of them," and about 150 of the women vitality in a church or an indi- obeyed. vidual is the systematic effort to win The Niger Delta Church of the other men to Christ. It is a hopeful CM.S. now reports 6,513 baptized sign, therefore, that the native Epis- members and 1,548 communicants, copal Church in China appointed at !,894 Sunday scholars and 1,371 day its last General Synod meeting a scholars; 698 were baptized during committee on Church Extension.

the past year, and there were 3,784 This committee has just published a inquirers at its close. report, recommending that a Board The American Presbyterian Mis- of Missions be established, in order sion at Fulasi, also reports a won- to discharge more effectively the re- derful year. Rev. F. W. Neal writes sponsibility for mission work which that the station of Fulasi has been rests "upon every member of the opened only one year. It is a year Church, and upon the whole Church of the "right hand of the Most in its corporate capacity."

High." The first three months there It is proposed to have a general was an average attendance at church secretary, who shalI be a Chinese service of 636; and the last quarter clergyman, whose duty shall be to an average of 1,399. Total offerings disseminate information and create for the year, $675 gold. Confessions interest in the missionary work by of Christ at Fulasi, 1,307, and among correspondence and personal visita- the evangelists scattered over the field tion. It is also suggested that "the over twice as many more. There next General Synod inaugurate a were 685 advanced into the first year mission in one of the provinces not Catechumen Class, and 89 into the now occupied by the Chung Hua Church. At the January Communion Sheng Kung Hui, and choose a Chi- (1914), not included in the above, nese bishop to lead the mission." It there were 6,704 people counted at would be interesting if the first Chi- Fulasi, and 158 partook of the com- nese bishop were chosen as a "mis- munion; 68 adults and 16 children sionary bishop," thus representing the were baptized. aspiration of the national Church in The native Christians are giving China.

BA B AHATCTIIE HOTEL TRANSFORMED I NTO A RAILROAD Y. M. C. A

The Story of "Babahatchie"

BY J AMES D. BURTON, OAKDALE, 1ENN.

General Se~relary , Railroad Y. lIf. C. A., Oakdale, T enn., and Presiden t M organ County Sunday- School Associa ti on IB]. ABAHATCHIE has history in motion-pictures. Such had an unusual history. views would furnish to the world- The large hotel was some interesting and exciting scenes erected severai years from the life in these Southern High- .' ago in the mountains lands. of Tennessee by the Cincinnati Southern RR, th e only The location of the town is picmunicipal owned railroad In the tu resque. Mountains rise almost Un ited States, and its primary pur- perpendicularly on every side, so -that pose was to serve the employes of the ' trains from north and south this road. enter the village through tunn els. A few yards to the west of the Baba- The "Babahatchie" is no doubt hatchie building flows the Big Emory better known th an Oakdale, the town River, the Indian name of which was in which it is located, for it has given to the hotel and means "babmade more history, some good and bling waters." some evil, than all the oth er instittltions of the town combined. The Trains stop in front of "Babalife of the village of three thousand hatchie," and change crews. The population has centered here, so that narrow mountain gorge in which as goes "Babahatchie" so goes Oakdale lies leaves no room for the Oakdale. town to expand, so that there is little life here except that of the men who Almost every imaginable scene dri ft to "Babahatchie," and there characteristic of this region has been spend their "lay-over" time. enacted in or about the hotel premises and several thousand feet of By conservative estimates over film would be required to portray eight hundred visits are made daily even a portion of its interesting to the building. It is always crowded with men night and day. There is

never an hour when its halls are free road service lost their positions be- of men. They are gathered here cause of the evil habits formed under from all sections, and represent all these influences, and when they were classes. It is like Mark Twain's New unfit for duty because of dissipation England weather, "You can discover they' had to be disciplined by the about one hundred and twenty di'f- railroad company. In a good many ferent kinds of men here every cases, this took away the only sup- twenty minutes." port from a family of innocent ones.

"Babahatchie's" early history was Finally conditions became so bad anything but commendable. "For at that it became imperative to take the windows of my house I looked steps to save the men to a better through my casement," as Solomon life, and to render them more efficient would say, "and beheld young men in the hazardous work in which they void of understanding." On the were engaged.

mountain sides were open saloons, One day, about nine years ago, the and up to these places were well- former General Manager Garrett of beaten paths. Men were traveling the Cincinnati Southern was making morally in the wrong direction. Idle a trip over the road in a private car men would 'd'i4tt into town about the with the late President Spencer of time of railroad pay day, and enter the great Southern system and the into gambling games to fleece the conditions at "Babahatchie" were boys out of their money. Many a brought to the attention of the presi- young man, with a blush of shame, dent of the road.

would write to his mother or wi fe As a result an order was given to after drawing his pay, and would place "Babahatchie" under the direc- send some false excuse: "laid off," tion of the Railroad Department of "sick," "dull business," about his the Y.M.C.A. From this date for- inability to send any money home in ward (1905) "Babahatchie" was support of the family. converted and entered upon a new In the lobby and at the lunch career.

counter of "Babahatchie" were mid- A "new name" was given to the night carousals that were degrading place. A board was nailed over the and deadly. Especially just after main entrance, on which was printed "pay day," the men were often under in large gilt letters: "Railroad Depart- the influence of strong drink, and ment Y.M.CA." At the same time were quarrelsome, and hard to please. the person'nel of the management was There was no police protection, so also changed. Many did not grasp that the men did pretty much as the full meaning of the change at the they pleased. Arrests were seldom time; pessimistic people said that it made, altho pistols were frequently was useless to try to carryon re- displayed when men got into quarrels. ligious work in this place, and others These days have been compared with were ready to ridicule the idea.

the "wild west," and the traveling But house-cleaning was begun; the public, so far as possible, avoided building was renovated, the restaurant stopping here. service improved, and a home-like In those days many men in rail- appearance given to the building.

STORY OF "BABAHATCHlE"

Good books, magazines and daily and lobby have changed. Law and papers were placed on file in the new order now prevail. Visitors now reading-room. wonder how so many men can be assembled under one roof, and at the A new social atmosphere was also same time be so quiet and orderly as created; men were cultivated in a they are at "Babahatchie." personal way and gradually they have responded to the new environment. In the restaurant five to six hun- Later, Gospel meetings with singing dred meals and luncheons are served were provided. The work was car- to the men every twenty-four hours. ried on quietly, and without demon- and this department is the second TFrE V.M.C.A. SWIMMING-POOL IN THE BIG EMORY RIVER stration, but the results became mani- largest in North America. Several fest. The men became more quiet, hundred paper bags are used every and sober-minded, and learned to ap- day in putting up lunches for the men preciate the principles for which the who go out upon the road, and each Y.M.C.A. stands. Scoffers became one has printed on it a Gospel mesconvinced of the value of the work. sage. Vhile a conductor, engineer, The organization to-day has the co- fireman, or brakeman eats his meal operation of the best class of rail- on the road this Gospel message is road men in its efforts to conduct before his eyes, so that men read it "Babahatchie" on a high moral and who probably would not be interested religious plane. in a religious tract. Twelve thousand of these bags are used about every The scenes about the lunch counter

A CUSTOMARY SCENE ON THE PORCH OF THE ASSOCIATION BUILDING ninety days. Who can calculate the for many years of the successful influence of these silent little mes- operation of a great business-a corsengers to the men of the rail! poration and its employes taking a friendly hand in hand." Sleeping accommodations are provided for hundreds of railroad men, Many of the railroad employes and now at a low price they find testified to the great change that has good clean beds that are in great taken place at "Babahatchie." An contrast to the old days of "Baba- engineer said, "Long ago every hatchie." imaginable vice was carried on here. To-day, look at our Sunday-schools, In addition to the provisions made churches, and the Y.M.C.A. The for the physical comfort of the men Association has been instrumental' in there are other features worth while bringing about these improved conin the way ·of Bible classes, Gospel ditions." meetings, lectures, motion-pictures, and practical talks on life questions. A conductor remarked : "We see the good that the Y.M.C.1. has done At a recent banquet, held in the among us. A few years ago we had dining room of "Babahatchie," the no decent place to rest our weary room was beautifully decorated, and frames when in Oakdale. Now, all over one hundred guests gathered at is changed. We find nice, clean beds, the tables. Instead of revelry, rail- and good, wholesome food prepared road officials and employes sat side for us, and I want to thank those by side and the spirit of fellowship connected with it for the kindness prevailed. Rev. George R. Stuart, a they have shown to the railroad men. lecturer and evangelist, delivered one A number of us here to-night reof his famous lectures, and said in member the time of the reign of the his preliminary remarks, "I witness eighty cent quilt. It allowed all the here to-night what has been my ideal

STORY OF "BABAHATCHIE" 8r r

packing to slip down to either end , denomination in Oakdale, and a small, and just left for us the top and one room frame building served for the bottom for covering." all the religious interest of the town. A widow was trying to conduct a A two weeks revival service was little Sunday-school with about thirty held last September under a tent on scholars and little attention was being the lawn of "Babahatchie." There paid to church matters. There was were sixty-eight professions of faith preaching only when a minister could in Christ and thirty-four united with visit the town. The Y.M.CA. secrethe Oakdale churches at the close of taries began attending the little Sunthe meetings. A boy who was . con- day-school, and succeeded in stirring verted immediately began personal up interest in church work. This has work by pleading with his father , continued to grow and prosper until who not long after accepted Jesus to-day there are two resident minis- Christ as his personal Savior. He ters on the field, two large Sundayhad been a very wicked man, and the schools, with about three hundred boy had just returned from the west scholars enrolled, two young people's by beating his wayan a freight-train societies, and two church buildings. to Oakdale. All members of this More residents are now taking refamily were finally united in their sponsibility in the work of the Kinghome, and in Christ. dom.

A large community work has also Morgan County, ill which "Bababeen done outside the building. hatchie" is located, has become a When the Railroad Y.M.C.A. took Gold Star county in the Tennessee charge of "Babahatchie" in 1905, State ~unday-sch ool Association . there was no resident minister of any THE LAWN USED FOR MOVING PICT URES AND OUTDOOR ENTERTAINMENTS

This means a report, an offering, and extension work with its publications, a delegate to the convention, from and in other ways. It would be a every Sunday-school in the county. good investment for any individual or This is the third county in the State church to assume the support of a to reach this standard, and the work consecrated man to do work along has been directed largely by the in- the lines indicated. fluences of "Babahatchie." Truly, "Babahatchie" has been Through this extension work a transformed, and is letting her light conductor, who stops at "Baba· shine before the world, so that the hatchie," saw a vision of Christian good work is evident for miles service, and has driven and walked around. There are no more beaten for miles around in the mountains paths to open saloons. The vices in the interest of the Sunday-schools. common to Oakdale in its early his- He has helped to organize schools in tory have been reduced to a minineedy places, and has encouraged mum. People are realizing that some struggling schools to continue their good can come out of this railroad work. terminal. The men are saving more of their salaries, are making happier An extension worker could be used homes, and are rendering better serto advantage in this region along the vice to the corporation that hires lines pursued by the missionary work them. It is a wonderful transforof the American Sunday-school mation. A newspaper of this section Union. The national and inter- has this to say in an editorial: "The denominational character of the work .thus accomplished for our Society's operations make it well mountain people will live on after the adapted to the outlying districts of present personnel shall have passed the mountains. The Union has al- to their heavenly reward." ready rendered valuable service in the AT THE DAY AND NIGHT LUNCH COUNTER

America's L,ast Frontier: Its Situ-

ation and Its Appeal BY REV. C. A. WOODDY, D.D., PORTLAND, OREGON General Superintendent for the American Baptist Home Mission Society on the Pacific Slope, For thirty years in pastoral and mis..')ionary work in Oregon.

NATIVE American Park, Crater Lake, Colorado Canyon, never comes upon the and scores of other features of word "frontier" with- beauty and grandeur. out conscious pride. It hardly can escape The first European settlement was being true that his for- effected in 1769 by the Franciscan bears were frontiersmen here or Fathers at San Diego. American there. History and the heroic in settlement dates from the occupancy America are almost wholly asso- of Astoria by the American Fur Comciated with the stories and struggles pany in r8lO. The story of Angloof its frontiersmen. The Atlantic, Saxon occupancy may be dated from the Allegheny, the Missouri, the the arrival in r834 of missionaries to Western Slope of the continent, the Indians in the Oregon Country. locate American frontiers and the The first twenty-five years is the story scenes of American heroism and of the trapper, the next ten years the American heroic achievement. The story of missionary work in behalf story of the last of these frontiers IS of the Indians. Immigration began the story of the Pacific Slope. as early as 1842, and from 1842 to the present hour history is the story Some Features of the West of the immigrant, the pioneer, and the subjugation of America's last The "Pacific Slope" describes that geographical frontier. portion of the United States lying west of the crest of the Rockies, The early movements of immigraand in general contains eight states, tion to the two sections of this comprising 863,140 of the 3,6r6,484 region, were produced by widely square miles-that is to say, a little different causes. The Oregon less than one-fourth of the entire area Country was occupied by home seekof continental United States. His- ers, who came to acquire land and torically it includes two great sec- effect permanent residence. The tions: one sometimes called the Old California Country received its pri- Oregon Country, and the other made mary and large immigration inreup of the Mexican cession of r848, sponse to the appeal of the gold and about half of Gadsden's pur- mine. These early influences made chase of r853. The region is there- profound and permanent contribufore rich in historical incidents. The tion to character, attitude, and type scenery is the finest in- the United of life. States, embracing the great mountain peaks, the Yosemite, Yellowstone The growth of this region in popu- lation will illustrate its amazing general development in every line.

While the United States has In- (b) The in creasi ng ability to discreased in population at the rate of cover and use natural resources proabout 25 per cent. a decade for the ceeds by leaps and bounds. No other last seventy years, the Pacific Slope equal area in the United States for the last forty years has made an possesses such vast water power as average increase of 55 per cent. per the Pacific Slope. In many of the decade. If this region should main- rivers, the entire discharge of water tain its own rate of growth until the can be converted into electrical end of its second century of history energy, at scores of places in its -that is to say in the year 2oro-it course, without diminishing the volwould report a population of 200,- ume of water. The entire volume of 000,000. If it should average for the Snake River, for example, can the next nine decades the increase of be used probably a hundred times, population maintained by the United without interfering with any of the other uses of its water flow. FIRST PROTESTANT HOUSE OF WORS HIP IN CALI FORNIA (c) The amazing fertili ty of the Dedicated in August, 1849. T he lot cost $10,000 soil throughollt this whole region is and the h ouse $6,000. It was bllilt 01 s ha kes and con stantly confounding the wisdom sai l cloth whe n go ld was wo rth on ly about it s and experience of those who have profited therefrom. To these add we igh t in flou r. that other factor of an equable cli- mate, and th ere are seen the great States for the past seven decades, it sil ent, persistent forces, both of will have a population of 4 5 ,500,000. Nature and civilization, which wili Without attempting any prophecy, determine not alone the population of these possibilities warrant us in be- this great region, but in a large way lieving that by the time Astoria th e temper of its people, their virility, celebrates its second centenn ial, we and their exuberance. shaH have on the Western side of the Rockies full y one half as great The Planting of Religion a population as is now in the territory of the U nited States. A num- The establishing of religion in the ber of forces are working together expanding life of the American to promote, if not to intensify this people has had its story of frontiers increase of population. Some of no less striking and no less filled them are these: with heroic figures than those more material and visible. "Without this (a) Increasing facility of travel is mi ssionary work and spirit," said rendering the population of the vari- President Roosevelt, "the conquest ous countries more fluid, and there is of this continent would have had a consequent increasing tendency to- little but an animal side. Without it ward an equality in density. the pioneers' fierce and rude virtues and somber thoughts would have been left unlit by the flame of pure and living aspiration. Without it the life of this country would have been a life of inconceivably hard amI electronic file created by cafis .org

AMERICA'S LAST FRONTIER 8I5

barren materialism. Because of it, Indians; Congregationalists in 1836, deep beneath and through the na- for the same reason; Baptists m tional character, there runs that power of firm adherence to a lofty RtLAn<'C £JtHI8f7'$ ()F'THE (;HvIfr:n M£MtlCI/SHIP ,oW" NON MENB£R5HIP NrD Ir~ ideal upon which the safety of the ~TRllJI/T1?NIJYTI1£ -,rAn::.s JI/lMf;(J ~~OF71¥TUT.ll!. I'tI"KRTDr/M'Yllt..So ~£N nation will ultimately depend." __ M~=~"""":"":-",~s~"n-"- Taral Mernber5 The Pacific Slope region, perhaps _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ §~~~. even more than some of the older A_V_o_M~.r frontiers, early had the devoted lives and heroic service of pioneer mis- Non -memt>e.,-.5 sionaries. Indeed, here the missionanes came before the people, for 1844; Presbyterians in 1846; Episthey came under missionary im- copalians in 1851. pulses to bring the Gospel and its social and civilizing message to The actual denominational strength the Indians. Some of them, there- in this region for the current year is fore, were at hand, and immediately not available, but a fair estimate began their services among the first from the most recent official figures scattered settlements in the Oregon would show the Protestant strength Country. Missionary societies be- to be about as shown in tables below. came active, and missionaries were sent directly for work among those It is fair, therefore, to estimate whom they· tenderly regarded as that there are about 2,000,000 mem- "our people who have gone to that bers of Protestant churches in this far-off Vestern frontier." This was region, and it seems to me the numtrue in the Northwest. It was like- ber of ministers may be put down wise true in California. Mission- at about 9,000. aries were under appointment to San Francisco, before the discovery of gold had been announced in New England, and reached San Francisco in the early days of r849. To describe the matter denominationally, missionaries came into this frontier region about as follows: Methodists in 1834, primarily for work among S.-S.( Churches Ministers Members Property Members Methodists …………….. 1,450 1,500 150,000 $11,400,000 210,000 Presbyterians …………. . 1,000 750 90,000 … , …. Congregationalists . . . . . . .. .. 60,000 $5,000,000 ..1.0.0.,.0.0.0 …. . ……………… …… 600 …….. 75,000 5,600,000 Baptists .' ,- 800 80,000 Episcopa lians 430 1,350 …… .. … , …. .. 380 . …….

Less H,opeful Features will be one of our cities already I have purposely mentioned these founded. Our city problem, there- hopeful elements of the situation that fore, lies with the cities of the pres- they may be in mind while other ent, some of which are to be among facts are considered. There was a the great cities of the continent.

time when frontier lines in America During the twenty years ending in somewhat coincided with our parallels 1910 our ten chief cities showed net of longitude. That time is passing. gains of 167 per cent. City areas in Professor Paxson, of Michigan, has the same time increased probably declared, "The frontier left the map more than 400 per cent. The period in the latter years of the nineteenth since 1890 practically includes the century." The lines bounding the history of electric car transportation, frontiers of the twentieth century will and therefore the immense increase correspond more nearly to isotherms. of suburban areas in all American The present American frontier is cities. When this movement began, becoming a frontier within the fron- almost every congregation in these tier, and consists of types of destitu- Western cities was still occupying its tion and need. Notwithstanding all first meeting-house. These churches that I have said, it is true that there have faced not only the demand to are more people on the Pacific Slope meet this expanding urban territory, unreached by the gospel, and more but also have been heavily burdened actual religious destitution than at to provide adequate houses of wor- any time since the arrival of the first ship. Consequently the suburbs have missionaries, seventy-five years ago. outgrown the local ability to take To a description of these other ele- care of them. No denomination has ments of the situation, I must now been able to give adequate attention address myself. to this most promising opportunity Roman Catholic and Non-membership existing at the very doors of their Facts largest centers and of their strongest and' most zealous churches.

PERCENTAGES OF CHURCH ADHERENTS The following statement from one of the most aggressive and evan- Prot. R. C. Unchurched gelistic pastors of San Francisco not only discloses a fact of that city but Montana …. 8 23.8 68.2 is in part typical of much of our Arizona …. 6.3 20.7 73 city situations: California … 14.3 21.5 64.2 "The painful and deplorable factor in this entire report covering six Nevada ….. 7.6 23.6 68.8 Utah (88% Mormon?) 45.4 Washington ………………. 68.8 Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.7 Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.7 United States as a whole …… 60.9 These figures tell a story, and carry years is the ceaseless and wholesale a most serious appeal. movement of my members from the The Situation in Cities city, and often from the oversight and knowledge of the church. The The Pacific Slope region has now total number of additions since the sufficiently developed its trend of fire in 1906 is 467. The total num- population so that its future centers ber of losses during the period is are known. The future metropolis 476. The figures reflect in a slight

AMERICA'S LAST

degree the peculiar difficulty which the school districts of Oregon had attaches to church work in San been tabulated, and that in this tabu- Francisco. The population is un- lation 617 out of 1,145 report that stable, and its flow is constant to an there is no church or Sunday-school extent quite extraordinary. Nor is within their limits. My knowledge there any promise of improvement, of the state, therefore, leads me to for the new San Francisco is becom- believe that fully one-half the school ing more and more a market place, districts within the state are without a commercial center, and pleasure any religious privileges within their ground; a city of hotels and flats and limits. In Northern California the apartments for housing transients. report covers 984 school districts, and The home builders are moving out in of those reporting, 31.5 per cent. a steady stream down the peninsula report the existence of churches, and or across the bay, where land is 32.3 per cent. the existence of Suncheaper, taxes lower, moral conditions day-schools within their limits, but better, and surroundings more con- of the whole number it is estimated ducive to home life. The dire fore- that fully 64 per cent. have no reboding of Dr. Charles Jefferson, of ligious activities within their limits at Broadway Tabernacle of New York, all. In the state of Washington. concerning that city, may become from which the last report has applicable to San Francisco within reached me, the report shows that 53 the next half century. This gateway per cent. of the school districts of the to the Orient may take on the char- state have no religious activity within acter of a foreign mission field. their limits of any kind. From present outlook it would appear that the downtown churches of San COMPARATIVE TABLE OF CHURCH MEMBER- Francisco within another generation will be unable to maintain their SHIP IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA, WASHexistence without large endowment funds or their equivalent in mission- 1NGToN' 'AND THE UNITED STATES AS A ary appropriations. That day may be averted by large help for main- WHOLE. Cal. Wash. U.S. taining or to be used in maintaining a considerable staff of workers at the N on-church- 68.7% 60.9% present time." members ……. 62.9% 12.2 14.3 18.6 24.1 Surveys by Home Missions Council Roman Catholic … 21.5 Protestant …….. 14.3 0.5 .7 Under the general direction of the All others…. . . . . .. 1.3 Home Missions Council, a careful survey was made during 1912 of all the CHURCH ORGANIZATIONS IN NORTHERN states of the Pacific Slope, with some others. The unit of investigation was CALIFORNIA AND WASHINGTON. the organized school district. Uniform questions were used, and the N. Cal. Wash. returns are now becoming available. Methodist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.1 % 21.3% These reports show that about half Presbyterian …………. IL2 8.2 Protestant Episcopal…. . .. 7.7 4.0 Baptist ………………. 7.5 7.1 Congregational ……….. 7.4 6.9 Disciples ….. 5.6 6.1 Lutheran ………. 4.2 11.5 Adventist … 3.7 3.9 Other Ev. Prot. Bodies. . .. 5.7 1.1 Roman Catholic ………. 11.9 1.0 Other Organizations …… 11.0 3.9 Summary-North California Protestant ………………….. 77.10/0 Catholic …………………….. 11.9 All Other ………………….. 11.0 Summary-Washington Protestant ………………….. 85.7%.

Catholic ……………………. 9.7 All Other …………………… 4.6

Tabulations from the results of this short time. We have much to be thank- Home Mission Survey are sufficient ful for." Population 350. to alarm us by the fact that from 50 per cent. to 60 per cent. of the school "We have no use for your church or districts organized within this great parasite priests and preachers, or for any region of country have within their of your so-called Christian fads. We are limits no organized Church or Sun- trying to follow in the steps of the Naza- day-school through which to reach rene, by following out his gospel of the with the Gospel message the thou- brotherhood of man. To hell with your sands of children actually enrolled in questions. You mind your business, and these district schools. Probably more we'll mind ours." than twice as many adults also reside in these same fields, and this fact "The moral and religious standards are multiplies the alarming situation as extremely low. There are no churches, to religious destitution in the whole Sunday-schools, lodges, or improvement of this great 'Vestern region. clubs. Drunken men are often seen on the streets." Population 400. 'Within another year the results of this study will be available in printed "We don't have any church or Sunform, and a systematic and intelligent day-school at all now. We did try to program may then be formed for have a union Sunday-school, but the peoreaching this destitution in some ade- ple did not seem to care for it, so it stopt. quate way. It is a great task, and Population 350. will require not alone sacrificial surrender of money and time by the Literally hundreds of such reports churches already established in this were received in this study. region, but will also call for much cooperative contribution from the Types of Destitution general missionary organizations of the denominations represented. There are other types of destitu- tion which are widespread among A few quotations from replies to the permanent population. In the the questions sent out make the re- Pacific Slope region as a whole, are ligious need somewhat more vivid. multitudes of communities where pur- suits are carried forward that do "There are no churches in this district not invite the formation of permaand no church-members. Not one, save nent settlements. For the most part, the clerk, and he is a poor one." Popula- these may be grouped under such tion 76. heads as logging camps, mill towns, mining centers, and construction "There is not a church-member in the camps. The best statistics thus far district." Population 38. gathered show that in the five states of Washington, Oregon, California, "I know nine school districts near here Idaho, and lVfontana, there are 3,03 I that have no religious service nor Sunday- establishments engaged in lumbering school. Some of them never had a Sun- industries, and 2,085 corporations day-school. Many children are growing occupied with mining activities, o~ a up who do not know what church is. total of 5,116 of stich groups of men. Children of twelve and fifteen years have To these must, of course, be added never been in a Sunday-school." the smelting centers. The permanent number of such camps and groups, "We have no churches, no saloons, and therefore, is somewhere above 5,000 110 brothels. One follows the other in a for these five states, and, if to these be added similar groups in Utah,

Nevada, and Arizona, the number people than any other section of the will be brought above 6,000. No United States. This may be the case, figures are available as to the actual for it has not yet felt the direct tides number of men employed in these of immigrants such as have inundated industries for this entire group of the Atlantic States. What the result states. Figures gathered concerning may be when immigration begins to some of the states by the State move directly from Europe through Labor Commissioners warrant me in the Panama Canal to the Pacific estimating that there are 400,000 Coast, is, as yet, largely a matter of people in these communities. Not opinion or conj ecture. AU students more than two of our cities have so of the matter are agreed, however, large a population. Relatively speak- that there will be direct immigration, ing, this is the most needy and least- and that the number of foreigncared-for set of groups in this region, speaking peoples received as immiand constitutes an important, if not grants into this region will be very pathetic appeal. There are, perhaps, much increased over the movement fifty places of considerable import- of any year hitherto. But the present ance, which are becoming somewhat situation is more disquieting than is permanent settlements as smelter generally believed. During the last towns, where the population is num- decade in all of these states the bered by thousands, and, to a large average increase of the entire popuextent is made up of men. lation was about 7I per cent., 'but the percentage of growth of the There are certain features common foreign born or of foreign parentage to this whole group of communities, was 75 per cent., indicating that even such as: at the present time with all the handi- caps of transcontinental travel, our Instability of population. foreign population is increasing more High percentage of men. rapidly than the native born. The Owners or determining directorship of census reports also show that about the industries non-resident. 5I per cent. of the present popula- Abnormal weakness of all forms of or- tion is composed of foreign born ganized aggressive Christian work. and the children of foreign-born Large prominence of civilization's great- parents. It is evident, therefore, that est vices, namely, gambling, intemperance, this frontier feature will become more and prostitution. and more marked, and will demand increasing attention from religions For this whole class of communi- workers. Active work is already ties, no adequate plan has yet been being prosecuted by all the leading framed, and no concerted attack by denominations among these new the denominations represented in the Americans, and all the leading races Home Missions Council has appar- represented are having some attenently yet been conceived, still less tion. I f the whole problem can be made effective. Soine good work unitedly approached in this region, in being done discloses the inherent a fraternal and cooperative way by possibilities. the denominations already interested.

Our Foreign Brother It has been generally supposed that the Pacific Slope region is more largely composed of American-born

there is still the possibility that we received 43,824 members by letter. may prevent the coming of that sense that it had dismissed by letter 30,238; of inability over the churches, which and had lost by death and erasure seems to prevail in some sections of of the names of those whose resiour land. dence had become unknown, 15,265 other members. It will be seen that A Depressing Incident during this period this denomination had had a net loss in these ways of It will have been gathered from 1,679 members. Whatever net growth what has preceded, that the percent- had come to it during that period, age of our total popUlation gathered had been achieved through converts into Protestant churches is very con- brought in through confession and siderably smaller in these states than baptism. For some years to come, in the United States as a whole, and, this general feature must characterize therefore, relatively very much less current church history. than prevails in the older portions of the United States. It will also have Concluding Reflections been observed that the density of population in this whole region is not This region has been a mission only less than the United States as field from the first, and in a general a whole, but relatively very much way is still the largest mission field less than the density of the popula- of organized denominational work in tion East of the Mississippi River. America. I will not spend time to The missionary meaning of these two urge that it should continue to be facts is that the churches of this recognized as a mission-field. Both region are smaller in their average the presence and expenditure of namembership, are more widely re- tional missionary organizations in all moved from each other, and are more its parts declare this to be their conloosely and indefinitely related to each viction. N or need any time be taken other in common tasks, than in to argue the great and the increasing similar areas eastward. The relation importance of this Western quarter of this to the question of supervision of our nation. All that may be taken and administration and of efficient for granted, in view of what has alcooperation is at once evident. Not ready been said, and of much more only are churches removed from each that space forbids being said. If all other in general, but those of any that should be done, is to be done, particular denomination are even consideration should be given to the more widely scattered. following matters.

This leads to a curious and de- (a) The situation is urgent.· What pressing fact. It is often felt that is to be done ought to be done as churches in this region have made speedily as possible. Economy detheir gains largely by letters or mands great haste. The enormous transfer of membership from in- speed of material, educational, and coming additions to our popUlation. social development, demands that A study of one denomination made equal pace be kept in religious and two years ago revealed the fact that missionary undertakings. The rapid in the preceding ten years it had enlargement and possible potency in

AMERICA'S LAST FRONTIER

the relations of this. region to an their Local forces in this region, to increasing immigration, and to the secure and support leadership of this rapidly crystallizing formation of a type.

new civilization in lands beyond the (e) Missionary funds must con- sea, with which the Pacific Slope is tinue to be invested. Greater mobil- our nation's point of contact, call for ity in the sums to be invested is a increase of speed in prosecuting the necessary and prominent change missionary conquest on this Western· which needs to be appreciated more slope. Its impact abroad should be by national missionary organizations.

increasingly Christian. A single illustration will make the (b) The situation calls for still meaning clear. An irrigation dis- further minute investigation and trict opened by the government some– analysis. The work done by the times comprises a half-dozen town- Home Missions Council has disclosed sites, and land for three thousand the existence of unsuspected situa- homes. All this may be sold by tions and needs, but the full story auction within a fortnight, and a can be brought to light only by flood of population at once inundates further and more careful study. It that district. Money and workers is probable that the responsibility for to meet this situation should be suffi- this can be put and ought to be put ciently mobile to enable mISSIOn upon the organized work of national boards to rise to the occasion and denominations within each state. But deal with the situation adequately the matter will be more uniformly and immediately. Similar situations done, and more likely to be done, if at times develop in suburban addi- a representative of the Home Mis- tions to some of our largest cities.

sions Council could be kept in the The last word to be said about field for a time, to stimulate and this region, and about previous and direct this investigation. It is a case future investment of men and money, in which zeal, without knowledge, is is both historical and prophetic. It wasteful. has been justified and will 111- (c) Many of the tasks involved in creasingly be justified. The vigorous supplying religious instruction ought type of denominational and Christian to be cared for through federated life and efficiency existing here is effort. Many fields are such as to worth more than it has cost. From make local church organization im- this field the annual outgo of con- practicable, or at any rate slow and tributions in Christian lives and offer- greedy in absorbing missionary funds, ings for world evangelism already if undertaken. Here the gentle pres- represents even usurious rates of sure and brotherly suggestion of the interest on the missionary invest- various national boards might be ment. Ere long, the entire principal exerted to great profit, and with large will have been repaid, yet the income success. will persist and wiII continue to in- (d) Local leadership of great per- crease. The Pacific Slope is not only sonality and prophetic insight is of to be a garden of the Lord, but as tremendous importance, and national well a land of springs, whose flood boards might well cooperate with .shall fructify the whole world.

Awakenings at

and Abroad* BY REV. M. T. MORRILL, DAYTON, OHIO Secretary of the J'Iission Board of the Christian Church PIRITUAL awakenings tribes and peoples. It is easy to ISI may be thought of in trace the effects of the German Pie- different days. There tists through the Lutheran Church and the Moravian Church, and to see are the widespread re- how the impulse of a deepened spiri- . vivals in spiritual things such as char- tual life became responsible for mis- acterized the great revival of 1857- sions in other lands. Through the 58; or they may be more local. Moravians the awakening was com- There are the ordinary awakenings municated to England in the Wes- of the evangelistic campaigns and leyan revival, and this affected Amer- those that manifest themselves in ica in the preaching of Whitefield and such movements as that of the. Stu- others who had come under the dent Volunteers. Some spiritual Wesleyan influence. We can directly awakenings are characterized by in- trace to old England the awakening gatherings of new converts into the in New England, which grew out of church, and others by the quickened the fervid appeals of Jonathan Ed- zeal among nominal church members. wards, and from both countries its I f the awakenings are really spiritual effects to oriental lands through the effects are far-reaching and often missions and missionaries.

touching two or more continents. It would be possible to trace re- The progress of the Christian con- sults of the great awakening of r857- quest has ever been from land to 58 from America to other lands, but land. Christianity has necessarily the great Moody revivals in America first taken root in one land, and and England inter-acted on other gained sufficient spiritual vigor to lands and the Welsh revival of I904 propagate itself before it has spreall reached to India, thence spread to to another land. The same revivals Korea, and thence to China.

have frequently affected two or more In the more local awakenings, we lands, and in some cases the impulse are struck by the synchronous prayer- that caused an awakening was re-' meetings in Mt. Holyoke Seminary ceived from two or more lands. and the conversion of students in Centuries ago certain Christian Fidelia Fiske's school in Persia; and centers in France, Scotland, Ireland with the fact that when God's spirit and England were the centers also of aroused the students in Doshisha missionary activity, whence men were University in Japan many prayer- sent out to heathen and pagan lands meetings for that institution were on evangelical errands and converted being held in America. These are *From a paper prepared for the Conference of Foreign },.lission Boards at Garden City, N. Y.: January, 1912. but a few of many such facts that in foreign mission fields have at times might be mentioned. The Student operated to arouse churches. Wher- Volunteer Movement has signalized ever there is a deeply spiritual and spiritual awakening among students, venturesome Christianity planted in and is one of the most remarkable mission fields, we may logically expect general movements for enlarging the it to concern itself with the lethargic Kingdom of God that we have seen base of missions at home. . . . in America. The Evangelical Lutheran Church There is undoubtedly a definite still feels the missionary spirit that relationship between the spiritual was infused into it by the Pietists. a wakenings at home and abroad; The Board of Foreign Missions says spirit-filled men here may go abroad that not only the noteworthy work of and produce awakenings there; re- the Missouri Synod in South Amer- vival here may create revival there; ica, but other parts of the Lutheran prayer here produces effects there. missionary work would yield inspira- In other words, sufficient spiritual tion and give light on the question. energy may be generated at home to There are inspiring chapters in the send forth men and women who shall recent history of the United Presby- be used in quickening or awakening terian Church mISSIOn in India. interest abroad. The agency is quite Since 1895-96 there has been a re- visible, even tho the power be un- vival spirit, more or less intense, seen. Or such deep interest may prevalent up to the present time. grow here as will produce a multi- The movetnent in India has deeply tude of intercessors whose prayers affected the church in America, will be honored of God in bringing emphasizing the highest standards to pass the desired end there. of holiness and separation and the mmlstry of intercession. Certain Our missionarias believe that conferences of the United Presby- prayer at the home base is absolutelv terian missions in India and Egypt essential for success and real progre;s have also made a profound impres- in mission lands, and hence in mis- sion on the home church. .'. . sionaries' letters and addresses we have the never-ceasing importunities Evidently the history of many for prayers. foreign missions could be made to yield greater inspiration and richer It is freely asserted-that prayer is lessons than have already been ob- more powerful and efficacious than tained from that source. While the all other agencies; the invisible is church needs first of all to learn to more powerful than the visible. send the gospel everywhere because Experiences of individuals and groups the Lord wills it, yet it has a right in changing things by prayer have led to all the help it can get from the to the assumption that mass move- past or present triumphs of the ments in prayer for missions would Gospel. . generate such power that Christianity would gain remarkable triumphs in But a small part of the church has comparatively barren and refractory any definite idea of the inter-relation fields. between the spiritual conditions of the church at home and the church On the other hand the awakenings

in the foreign mission fields. It is an awakening? Can we infer from said that the level of the water in the facts obtainable that the missions the lakes of central New York rises might have been spiritually refreshed and falls with the rise and fall in the and enlarged if the church at home great lakes, and some authorities pre- had been spiritual enough and prayerdicate subterranean passages connect- ful enough? Then the remissness ing the bodies of water. Is it true should be laid heavily and persistently that there is a similar spiritual equi- on the church. It can scarcely be librium between our home churches denied that some missions and some and our foreign missions? sections of the native church need evangelistic zeal and actual revival It is safe to assert also that for thc experiences of the most thorough and most part the church does 11'0t yet continuous character. If the failure appreciate its definite prayer-respon- of the church at home is to blame sibility for its messengers to non- for the need abroad, then that fact Christian lands. If intercession is must be pointed out and demonreally the power we claim it to be, strated, and the church at home called then our greatest task lies before us repeatedly to a deeper cons::'cration in the home church. If out of the and a life of intercession. records of our foreign mission work we can show the vital connection The records of missionary enterbetween the work at home and prises illustrate conclusively that as abroad, and show how the success we really live or die at home, so do abroad depends on the spiritual con- they really live or die abroad; that dition at home <J,nd the volume of in- the most real element of life, which tercession at home, perhaps we can is deep spirituality, can only be had more easily quicken the church to its at home by sharing it abroad, and duty and privilege. this power will be experienced abroad as soon as we actually experience it What if many of our foreign mis- at home. sions never have seen anything like "Laborers Together With God"

By Lord p'1unkett, D.D. (Late Archbishop of Dublin) "Christ's will to learn-Christ's word to "Christ's will to learn-Christ's word to teach"- teach"- For childhood's holy cause to fight. o Lord, may this our watchword be! This be our task-not idle speech- What nobler destiny for each, Nat vain delay-fast comes the night! Than thus to live and work for Thee?

"Christ's will to learn-Christ's word to "Christ's will to learn-Christ's word to teach"- teach"- His Cross in view, His .Word in hand, To strive–nor lay our armor down! Up, fellow soldiers, mount the breach, Be this our warfare till we reach Be true to Church and Fatherland! The victor's goal, and win the crown!

EVIDENCE OF THE BENEFIC IAL EFFECTS OF CHRISTIAN

The Prospects of Christianity In China A CHINESE VIEW OF THE SITUATION BY DR. Y. Y. TSU, ST. JOHN'S UNIVERSITY, SHANGHAI INCE the Revolution o. f. nations directly and indirectly affect one another. Especially is this true mS 1911, the eyes of the in our time of modern transportation world have more than facilities. In the same way Christian ever focused their at- people of the West want to know tention upon our nation what is to be the religious future of and our affairs. The our nation, because whether we be- come Christian or remain as we have fact that any changes that take place been is a matter of momentous im- port not only to ourselves but also in China, whether in politics, in edu- to the rest of the world. It is the· writer's intention in this essay to cation, in customs, or in religion, present some facts and conditions concerning Christianity in China. affect the welfare and lives of four which according to his' judgment will supply correct and interesting data hundred millions of people, or on.;;. from which the reader can draw his fourth of the world's population, endows these changes with special human interest. People in western countries want to know what is to be the future of the Chinese nation be- c~use they understand the fact that

conclusion as to the progress and fusion, but we may confidently expect prospects of the Christian religion in that out of the dissolution a new our country. order of things will evolve.

Liberation of Thought and Religion By the provisional constitution of the Nanking Republican government Three years ago a great upheaval religious freedom has become a con- took place in this land which brought stitutional right of the people of the Manchu Court to capitulate its China. It has not only become a own abdication and to accept the offer state policy to preserve this right but of a state pension, and which secured also a living principle in the popular the emancipation of the Chinese mind. And so when a party of Con- people and gave them the right of fucianists attempt to influence the popular government. It is natural to government to raise Confucianism to call it a political event but to evaluate the status of state religion by the in- its importance by its political signifi- clusion of a clause to that effect in cance alone is to overlook its vast the new constitution instantly there intellectual influence which, like a arises opposition from all parts of the seismotic disturbance, has left deep country against the measure. Fol- traces and marks upon every side of lowers of both the Christian religion national life. In fact, it is not in- and the non-Christian religions, men correct to say that the greatest bless- of broad sympathies and intelligence, ing which the Revolution has con- Confucian, Christian, Buddhist, and ferred upon the nation is the libera- what not,-all oppose the establish- tion of thought. Before it, our ment of a state religion, not because highest authority in intellectual judg- they dislike Confucianism, but because ment was tradition and our philosophy a state religion is not conformable to of life was the belief that the old the spirit of republicanism. Both order of things was good enough. President Yuan Shi-kai and Vice- But with the breakdown of the old President Li Yuan-hung have exprest order, we have begun to see that the their opinion as opposed to the policy best is yet to be. We have become of raising one religion above the critical in our attitude toward existing others by the help of the law, and as institutions and have acquired uncon- in favor of freedom of conscience sciously the scientific temper of want- and belief. It is a fact of tremen- ing to know the wherefore of their dous significance that this new idea being. Religious beliefs, moral pre- of religious freedom should have so cepts, social theories as well as forms ingratiated itself in the public mind of government and methods of edu- as to become a mighty force, which cation have become subjects for even Confucianism can not shake or critical discussion and examination. compromise. Hence the rise of newspapers and periodicals, which enjoy wide circu- Some might ask, Is Confucianism lation. Old ideas, beliefs, and pre- loosing ground in China? Is its _cepts are thrown into solution, as it authority dissolving? Are the moral were, and for a time public morals teachings of Confucius less respected and beliefs are in a state of con- and obeyed by the people of China? In answer to these questions we can

PROSPECTS OF CHRISTIANITY IN

hardly say that there has been any desirable, that Confucianism should decline in the nation's regard for be discarded in order that Christi- Confucianism as an ethical system. anity might be adopted. As one In fact, Confucius is more conscien- well-known missionary has said, HIt tiously honored and esteemed to-day is not the rejection of Confucianism than ever before. But in a state of that is to be aimed at, but the far general moral and intellectual con- wider and more zealous preaching of fusion, which attends the liberation of Confucianism and a truer application thought, like heavy fog attending an of its moral teachings in everyday outburst of morning sunshine, Con- Ii fe that we must insist upon for the CHINESE LAYMEN'S MISSIONARY CONFERENCE AT KIANGSU ilembcrs of the ~merican Episcopal Church :Mission. Each banner represents a local band fucianism has suffered with other good of the nation. For the teachsystems, as far as popular practise is ings of Confucius and the teachings concerned. of Jesus are not contradictory but complementary. History has shown But this is very different from that Christianity has been enriched saying that Confucianism is dis·· and not endangered by contact with credited by our people, as some mis- the successive civilizations through sionaries seem to feel that they are which it has come down to our age. justified in saying. To discredit Con- If so, then, it should be a matter for fucianism is to discredit Chinese civil- confident expectation rather than misization, Chinese genius, and so the giving, that Christianity will be the Chinese nation itself. And this no gainer by contact with Confucianism Chinese has done or will do. And it and Chinese civilization." is not necessary, in fact it is un-

Unprejudiced Attitude Toward the unintelligent or the masses have Christianity no appreciation of right and wrong as abstract principles and no self- Mr. Wang Yung-bei, lately Com- control, ana so they must be cajoled missioner of Education for the Prov- or forced into right conduct and preince of Kiangsu, a Confucianist vented from wrong-doing by external scholar and non-Christian, and a authority, which is furnished by ~the sincere man who has thought things religIOUS doctrine of heaven and hell, out for himself, once said to a group or reward and punishment in the next of his Christian friends, "Formerly world." In more refined form the I made a distinction among religions test may be described in the words as native and foreign on account of of Thomas Nixon Carver, an Ameritheir origin. But now I am convincd can sociologist: "What is the best that such a distinction is false for religion? That is the best religion religions as such must be universal." which (I) acts most powerfully as a This statement means that the old spur to energy, and (2) directs that prejudiced attitude toward Christi- energy most productively. That is anity because of its foreign origin the most productive expenditure of no longer exists in the minds of the energy which gives the most life and educated people of China, and that supports it' most abundantly, which they are willing to receive the Chris- gives the largest control over the tian religion according to its intrinsic forces of nature and the most comworth. What a change of attitude plete dominion over the world, and for the better this means is fully which enables men to control whatunderstood by those who have lived ever environment happens to surthrough an earlier period when the round them and to live comfortably Christian religion was officially known in it." (Quotation from Carver's as the foreign religion and to be a "The Religion Worth Having," 1912, Christian was to be ridiculed as dis- pp. 12- 13.) loyal to one's nation and family! The need of the hour seems to The educated people of China, like push into the background any other Mr. Wang, are desirous of having a consideration of the meaning of reworthy religion for the nation.. In ligion. The essentially religious motive their search for such a religion they ideas such as, communion with God, apply a test, which may be described the human sense of dependence upon as the utilitarian standar:d. They want higher powers, the thirst of the soul a religion that can save the nation for the divine personality, and so from moral and physical degeneration. forth, are overshadowed by the That is the first and last requirement, demand for results. There is no "to save the nation." In a crude cause for alarm in this. The utiliform the test may be amplified some- tarian appreciation of religion usually what as follows: "The chief function comes first and before spiritual apof religion is disciplinary. The intel- preciation. The former generally ligent people or men of education leads to the latter. But when it does can be made to understand the prin- not, then there is danger ahead. We ciples of right and wrong and to need not be afraid of Christianity guide their conduct accordingly. But

being tested by the utilitarian stand- tized Christian in every four hundred ard, for as Professor Carver has of the population. But the ,~oral inpointed out, while many of the pagan fluence that this body of men and religions seem to perform the first women exercise among their· fellow function of religion-that is, as a spur to energy,-somewhat better countrymen is at least ten times its than Christianity, none of them has proportionate share. In other words, equaled Christianity in the second, the influence of the Christian comthat is, in the productiveness with munity in society is as if one out of which its energy has been directed. every forty of the population were a Christian believer. As proof of this CHINESE STUDENT VOLUNTEERS FOR THE CHRISTIAN MINISTRY These volunteers are from schools and colleges near Shanghai, gathered at the Kiangsu Summer Conference At the present time, Christianity is fact, we may cite the order of the gaining ground among our people not President's Cabinet in April of last only because it has a good theology year, calling upon all Christians in but especially because it is a religion the land to pray for the nation, and that shows practical results. As they commanding state officials to attend see the fruits, so they judge the tree. the Christian services. Very few people seem to believe that the order Moral Influence of Christians to observe April 27th as the National Prayer Day was a political move to In China we can not boast of a win the sympathy and favor of Chrislarge Christian church membership. tian nations. It is generally regarded Perhaps there is at most one ba1'-

as a sincere desire on the part of the public mind. Unlike evangelistic work nation's leaders to invoke divine help these educational agencies are not for the newly established government primarily concerned with the gaining of the country according to the way of church members, but with evan- of the Christians. Whatever our in- gelistic work they are almlllg at terpretation of the event, we must all the Christianization of society.

see that it was an unsought spon- Another powerful agency whereby taneous acknowledgment of the in- Christian ideas and ideals are dis- fluence of the Christians III the' seminated and realized among our country. It is not necessary for us people is the Young Men's Christian to reiterate the familiar proofs of Association and the Young Women's the same fact, such as the leading Christian Association. The Christian part which Christians play in fighting Associations include in their member- against national evils, opium-smoking, ship both church-members and non- concubinage, slavery, etc., and in Christians. They aim to build up movements that aim at positive ame- for the nation and for the Church lioration of society, as education, strong Christian manhood and .medical work, social services of womanhood in the complete sense of various kinds. the word. They have had a wonder- One of the ways whereby the Chris- ful career in the large cities and have tians exercise large moral influence is been the means of reaching many in educational institutions. It is un- young men and women anel leading disputed that there are no better them into the Christian life.

schools and colleges in the land than The Chinese Ministry and the Student Christian schools and colleges. They Voluntl!er Movement are superior to others not necessarily The native ministry is the crux in the excellence of their equipment of the missionary problem. Just as or their curriculum, altho it is gener- the training of the twelve disciples ally the case, but in their good dis- was the chief work of Christ on earth, cipline and influence upon the char- so the training of the native ministry acter of the students. According tq must be the chief work of the mis- latest statistics there are about eighty sionaries. As Mott said, if China is thousand students in Christian pri- ever reached for Christ, it will be mary schools and more than thirty- largely through the influence of the one thousand students in the institu- Chinese, because the native worker tions of higher grades. It is not knows the language of the people, difficult to interpret these numbers in their environment, customs and tradi- the term of Christian nurture upon tions, their successes and failures, as personal character, upon family life, no foreigner can. And so the native and upon social customs and ideals. ministry is the most important human Besides the schools and colleges, there factor for the establishment of the are other educational agencies such Christian Church in China. Mission- as Christian literature societies, tract aries sow the seeds of the Gospel, societies, mission presses, Christian but the watering of the plants and publications, which together wield a the reaping of the harvest must be large molding influence over the the work of natives.

PROSPECTS OF CHRISTIAK'ITY I~

But the difficult problem has been the past, (2) to enlist qualified young to secure a sufficient number of quali- men for the ministry, (3) to raise fied men for the ministry, and to hold the status of the ministry in public them in it. The calling is a new one mind, (4) to advance theological eduand so lacks the appealing power of cation, and (5) to encourage minisan old institution with its record of terial students to take the best prepfamous men in its ranks, ·as preachers, aration for their life-work. It is pastors and doctors of theology. 1110st gratifying that already there are Lack of appreciation of ministerial in the Christian ministry men of rework in the popular mind, the low cognized ability, education and consestatus of the ministry, and other un- cration, such as Rev. Cheng Chingfavorable conditions deter promising yi, Pastor Ting Li-mei, Rev. Lindel young men from selecting the min- Tsen, Rev. P. N. Tsu, and Rev. istry as their life-work. Moreover Bernard Tsen, who as living models other professions seem to offer to of what the native ministry should be men of ability greater opportunities are raising the ministerial standard for personal advancement and social and attracting young men of like recognition, and so men of this kind qualification to a favorable considerare attracted more by these profes- ation of the claims of the ministry. sions than by the ministry. Finally. lack of consecration on the part of The Chinese Church our educated Christian .yOl1l1g men is another serious cause to account for Exactly one hundred years ago the deficiency of men for the min- Robert Morrison, the great missionistry. In short, the ministerial prob- ary pioneer, baptized his first convert lem of the Christian Church in our in the person of Tsai A-ko. "At a country is the same problem that has spring of water, issuing from the confronted the Church in America foot of a lofty hill, by the seaside, for the last fifty years. away from hnman observation, I bap- tized him in the name of the Father, Recently conditions have improved. Son and Holy Ghost. . . . May he The Student Volunteer Movement for be the first fruits of a great harvest." the Ministry has been organized, "as These words were found in Mora spontaneous response to a specific rison's diary for 1814. To-day there and urgent need," as one missionary are 370,000 baptized members affiliput it. It derived its original impetus ated with Protestant churches. Elsefrom the evangelistic work of a where in this essay, we have atnative pastor, Mr. Ting Li-mei, tempted to show that the moral inamong the students of north China fluence of the Christians 111 our in 19IO, when over three hundred country is ten times their numerical students dedicated their lives for strength. The other characteristics Christian service. The movement has of the Chinese Church that are notesince then spread rapidly. The formal worthy are the desire for unity, coorganization was effected in 1912, operation and federation in large miswhen an executive committee was sionary undertakings, and self-propaappointed. The objects of the move- gation. We quote the findings of ment are (I) to conserve results of the 1913 China National Missionary

Conference on the Chinese Church in China and to present themselves, for their lucid statement of facts and in the face of the great mass of conditions and their true reflection of Chinese non-Christian people, as one the spirit of the Chinese Church: brotherhood with one common name, "This Conference prays with one this Conference suggests as the most accord for that unity of all Chris- suitable name for this purpose, tians for which our Lord Himself "Chung-hwa Ki-toh Kiao-hwe," or prayed, that the world may know and "The Christian Church in China."

receive Him as God the Son, the Savior of all mankind, and in accord- The Signs of Progress ance with this prayer, earnestly de- In conclusion, we re-state briefly sires the unity of the whole Church the facts and conditions which to of Christ in China. our mind show that Christianity has "This Conference rej oices that the made genuine progress in China and churches in China, for the most part, that' prospects of its future are bright have been organized as self-govern- and promising of greater acllieve- ing bodies, and believes that in ment. Of the signs of progress, respect of form and organization, there are (1), the establishment of they should have freedom to develop the Chinese Church; (2) the spirit in accord with the most natural ex- of unity and self-propagation; (3) pression of tqe spiritual instincts of the Student Volunteer Movement for Chinese Christians. At the same the Ministry; (4) the Christian edu- time it is essential for these churches cational work; (5) the moral in- to maintain cordial relations with the fluence of Christians. Concerning the churches of the West, that they may future of Christianity in China, there absorb every good influence which are besides the above-stated facts, those churches can impart. other favorable conditions, such as "In order that Christianity may ( I) Liberation of Chinese thought, appeal with force to the minds and hitherto tradition-bound; (2) the hearts of the Chinese people and win Constitutional right of freedom of their growing national consciousness conscience and belief; (3) Unpreju- for the service of Christ, it is of the diced attitude toward Christianity; utmost importance for the churches (4) Sincere search for a worthy re- to be so developed that the Chinese ligion for the nation. In short, large themselves may recognize them as opportunities are opening the way for having become truly native. Christianity to advance and possess "In order to do all that is possible the nation. May the Christian Church to manifest the unity which already have the strength to realize her mis- exists among all faithful Christians sion in China.

If a man love not the immigrant whom he hath seen, how shall he love the foreigner in other lands whom he hath not seen.-The American Home Missionary.

OF THE YOUNG PEOPLE'S SOCIETY AT TRES ARROYOS

In this group arc those who have Dutch, Swiss, Spanish, German, French, and Italian blood Evangelizing the Queen Province of Argentina BY REV. ROBERT F. ELDER, TRES ARROYOS, ARGENTINA Missionary of the Evangelical Union of South America I JI F Argentina holds pre- to put Great Britain and Ireland. ~ mier place a m 0 n g This province has 2,100,000 inhabit- 'South American re- ants, and its semi-cultivated and publics, Buenos Aires semi-developed plains of fertile soil ~ holds premier p I ace are capable of giving a living to among A r g e n tin e many millions more. Buenos Aires provinces. This province and the contains 42 per cent. of the culticity of the same name contain al- vated land of Argentina, and promost half of the 7,000,000 inhabit- duces half of the enormous cereal ants of the Republic, but the two crop, one-half of the sheep, oneare distinct political divisions. The third of the cattle, and one-third of city of Buenos Aires is the Federal the horses. Of the 2~MI3 kilocapital, with 1,250,000 inhabitants; meters of railways in the Republic, the province, with its separate pro- over one-third are laid on Buenos vincial government, includes an area Aires soil, and the rapid extension of into which it would be just possible the wisely planned network of rail-

ways has worked miracles. Impor- conservative in the extreme, subservtant cities and towns are now to be ient to clerical rule, and steeped in found where twenty-five years ago the superstitions of a degenerate Roall was open, untamed country. manism. In the newer towns, about There are towns of from I,OOO to 80 per cent. of the men and over 40 3,000, the growth of five to eight per cent. of the women are avowedyears, and new townships, which soon ly anti-clerical. For appearance sake grow into towns, come into being many still adhere to certain outward every year. The population of the ceremonies of the Roman Church, province has doubled in fifteen but others are bitter opponents of reyears, and altho this year it will re- ligion, and their hatred for the priests ceive a partial check owing to a finan- and scorn for religious ceremonies is cial crisis due chiefly to mad specu- unbounded. Between the two exlation and the failure of the harvest, tremes of the ignorant and supereverything indicates that when things stitious masses and the fanatical and return to normal it will continue its bitter anti-clericals, who often take steady growth. the form of agnosticism, atheism, or spiritism, we find another class that It is in this "Queen of the Ar- 15 being imbued with democratic gentine provinces" that the Evan- principles, and hence is naturally regelical Union of South America has volting against clerical dominance. established its principal work. From This class has begun to read, or, at the missionary standpoint, Buenos least, to listen to echoes of current Aires presents something ut11que. literature, and hence has ceased to Perhaps in no other country is there believe in the efficacy of mere rea more cosmopolitan population. The ligious ceremonies. Those who comonly truly successful and abiding pose it will still declare themselves work must be carried on in the Span- Roman Catholics, but they boldly ish language. Even the sons of for- avow that they do not believe in bapeigners, especially after the second tismal regeneration, or in the worgeneration, tho they may understand ship of images, which they consider the language of their grandparents, a relic of the dark ages; transubprefer the national language. stantiation they declare ridiculous; the confessional pernicious; the in- Buenos Aires is more liberal, more fallibility of the Pope unthinkable; enlightened, and more progressive indulgences an exploitation of suthan her sister provinces. While the perstitious ignorance; extreme unc- Roman Catholic Church is the State tion a useless ceremony; prayers for church, in Buenos Aires her influ- the dead inefficacious; purgatory nonence over the people is much less existent; sacerdotalism a curse to any than 111 the Northern provinces. land. They retain the religious in- There are old-established towns, stinct, for they believe in, and reverwithout local industries, half-dead ence, God-a distant, unknown Sucommercially, with a foundation' of preme Being. They believe in the the old "criollo" familes, who give the Christ of history, and mentally actone to the place, who, however quiesce in the principal Christian docamiable and hospitable they may' be, are devoid of initiative. They are

I914] EVANGELIZING THE QUEEN PROVINCE OF ARGENTINA

trines and moral precepts; yet they teaching of any sort except what they know nothing of a personal God pick up at the public houses where who is "nearer than hands or feet"; men congregate, and which tends of a personal Savior who ennobles only to make them despise all reand enriches the character as well ligion. This is what is actually comas saves them from their sins; nor ing to pass in the country districts. do they know anything of a vital The young men of the country, as practical religion which is of the well as many of the towns, are comheart, and reveals itself in conduct. ing to think that they have no souls, and, as a result, they live as tho they The sad story is that many of the had not. callous agnostics and blatant atheists have passed through that stage of In addition to the Roman Cathmental evolution, and some of them olics there are many thousands of might have been diverted from the Pro t est ant extraction scattered lowest and basest to the highest and throughout the country. A few weeks noblest if the Gospel of Jesus Christ ago a woman called at our house. had been presented to them in a sane She had a son, who was very ill, and illuminating way. Many such and who died shortly after. Her acknowledge that evangelicals teach mother was English and her father the truth, and some of them break Argentine. When I went to the old ties, and gladly turn to God. house the lady from whom she had Others listen and approve, but are so rented her room at once greeted me wedded to custom, and so fearful of as a Protestant, and spoke of having what people will say, that they stay tried to explain to the neighbors where they were. But they are about the customs of "our religion." thinking, and are at least arrested She said that her father was English in their mental drift toward a ma- and her mother Argentine, but she terialism which is more baneful in had scarcely ever attended a reits moral effects than the ignorant ligious service except when the Rosuperstitions which they have left. man Catholic priest had christened If this drift toward materialism is babies at whose birth she had been not arrested, and continues to ad- pr~sent, or had administered extreme vance as rapidly as during the last unction to some dying patient she ten years, the majority of the people was nursing. After the funeral I in the province of Buenos Aires will questioned the uncle of the boy conbe practically pagan in fifty years. cerning his. British parentage. A This is one of the strong arguments close friend who was present opened for preaching the Gospel boldly his eyes with wonder and said, "Why throughout this land. man, you did not tell me that before. I have British blood, also. My father Those who know what spiritual, was a Scotchman and my mother an moral, and intellectual strength has Argentine." Then he gave us as his been given to their nations by the name one of the most celebrated in farmers in Great Britain and Ameri- Scottish history. None of these ca will recognize the calamity it is could converse in English, but alI that the sons of the soil in Buenos were of Protestant extraction and Aires grow up devoid of religious

respected the Protestant religion. dred years ago the United States of With the exception of the mother of America had fewer people, and only the boy, who had attended Spanish a little over two centuries ago Great services in Buenos Aires, not one Britain could not boast of more. Tohad any real idea as to what the Bible day these two nations not only are teaches. They are only a step re- strong numerically, but exert a removed from Paganism. straining moral influence on other nations, and lead the way in the van- A few months ago we had a ser- guard of justice. They do this bevice at a country farm house where cause they possess thousands of truly the mother is a Dutch Protestant, Christian citizens, whose life is a and the father, now dead, was an protest against evil, and who form a Italian. A neighboring family came public conscience which revolts to the service, whose mother is also against all wrongdoing. Dutch and the father Spanish Basque. Not one of them would have Mexico is an example of how anything to do with Romanism. But political corruption and lack of pubwere it not for our presence here lic conscience in a nation may perthose families would have no op- turb the world's peace. If Argenportunity to receive religious instruc- tina advances without having a fountion. dation of moral principle, character, and conscience, it is possible for it These are but examples of many. to become a cesspool of moral cor- There are Danish, Dutch, German, ruption in the world, and a menace Russian, Swiss, French, Spanish, to other nations. Nothing can re- Italian, Syrian, and others of Prot- place the Gospel of Jesus Christ in estant ongm, who have spiritual the building of character and in the needs, and whose children need teach- creation of a national conscience. ing. If there were no Protestant Hence Argentina's leading province missions established here, the next needs Jesus Christ above every other generation of these people would be need, that it may lead the other provlost to evangelical Christianity. There inces to higher things, and to make should be a Protestant mission 1ll war on the graft and nepotism which every town in the province, if for no ruin the politics of the land, and other reason than to save the sons the moral degradation so prevalent of nominally Protestant immigrants to-day. If the present state of things from becoming entirely irreligious. develops at the same rate as the in- crease of population, with the same In Argentina we are building a new propelling forces behind, the outnation, of which Buenos Aires is a come in fifty years will be worse very important part, and which al- than the darkest dreams of any ready affects to a marked degree the chronic pessimist. If, on the other commercial life of the world. The hand, new moral and spiritual inday is coming when it will influence fluences can be set loose, new steadygreatly the political life also. N u- ing principles established, and new merically, Argentina may yet take its propelling forces directed, such as are place among the front-rank world the outcome of the application of the powers. It has the necessary extent of territory and resources. One hun-

I9I4] EVANGELIZING THE QUEEN PROVINCE OF ARGENTINA

Gospel of Jesus Christ to private and The results are wider reaching public life, this youthful nation may than any statistics of church-mem- not only send food for millions in bership would reveal. Altho we have Europe, but may react beneficially on no inclusive returns at hand, there the morality and the conduct of the are probably not more than 1,600 world. Are these dreams of an op- who are members of evangelical timist? Perhaps they are, but they churches or Salvation Army soldiers are dreams which every true Chris- in the province. Weare but at the tian should endeavor, to the point of beginnings of our work yet. There real sacrifice, to turn into facts. are many more people in the king- Some are striving to do this al- dom than are i n clu d e d in the ready, but the forces are entirely in- churches. Results there are that adequate. The Methodist Episcopal would gladden the heart of any Church has some eight centers with Christian. Here are some samples: settled missionaries, from which a A member of one of our churches, number of outstations are worked. who, when converted, was a compara- The Brethren have four or five cen- tively poor man, has since prospered ters and branch work. The Christian greatly, and has consecrated his and Missionary Alliance have two money to the Lord. He bore the centers from which they work in lion's share of the expense for the neighboring districts. The Salva- building of a church and manse for tion Army have several established the work in his town, and is at the centers of work and do itinerating. present time bearing the whole ex- The Southern Baptist Board have re- pense of a new schoolroom. In the cently taken over a work started same church is a young lady, who some years ago in La Plata by the was converted as a girl, just when Christian and Missionary Alliance. her clear, rich voice was making her There are a few independent work- popular in social circles, and who was ers, and the Evangelical Union has thus saved from countless moral s,even centers from which outstations perils. She has fully consecrated her are worked. voice and talents to the Lord, and is, Many of these missionaries are the likely to be taken on as a mission only preachers III Spanish III a worker. Her singing of the Gospel radius containing some 100,000 message has already been much blest.

people. Our district of Tres Ar- One of our earliest Sunday-school royos has 40,000 people, and around pupils was converted just when he it are four other districts containing was giving way to the temptations of together 62,000 people, with no other youth, and is now a successful help- resident Protestant missionary who er, working as colporteur and evan- preaches in Spanish. My helper and gelist. There is a neat little house I are the only preachers of the Gos- down one of our streets, and its pel in Spanish in a zone containing· owner declares it to be a monument 31,850 square kilometers, with a to the power of Christ to save a population of I02,OOO people. Our drunkard. That Spanish victim of nearest colleague, either to the north drink made his wretched home a hell or the· south, is IOO miles away. nine years ago. His wife says that

it is heaven now. Their home is of establishing a work in Juarez their own, built with what he would three years ago. The Juarez church previously have spent for drink. now pays its own expenses, and has Around the corner is a Dutchman left Tandil and Tres Arroyos free who could tell the same story. Last to start in other towns. From Juarez year one of our members was pro- one of the members will run a Sunmoted by his firm to take delivery of clay-school in a town some twentythe grain they bought. Many sellers seven miles away. are very suspicious of the weighing, and in some ca~cs not without reason. If strong young men and women One man G'.me to watch all his stuff in the homelands could only grip the weighed. When he saw our meober fact that here we are engaged in the weigh one or two lots, he asked, enthralling work of building a new '"Are you going to weigh it all?" nation, and that there is the proba- "Yes, . sir," was the answer. "Well, bility of their life and teaching being then, I am going. I have known translated into lives that will wield you for over five years, and I know wide influence in the country, and be what sort of man you are, so I am re-lived and re-taught in the yet unnot going to trouble any more." born generations, they would respond to our call for workers. We need At an outstation, Juarez, we have competent school-teachers. S tat e watched some of the Church mem- schools exist in every center, but the bers develop into some of the finest teaching is superficial, and the moral types of Christian we have ever met. atmosphere evil. The Government Altho it is not long since the work can not. supply the demand for was started there, no sooner did we schools. According to the Almaganize a church than the members naqUf? dr?l JYfensagero, "there are in took upon themselves the entire responsibility of the rent and other ex- the province 286,623 children of penses, and some of the young con- school age, of whom only 143,280 verts run successfully a Sunday- attend school." It is not our intention school with about forty children. One to attempt to meet that need, but we man, who is a builder, has promised urgently need schools for the chilto do all the bricklaying work free of dren of our congregations, for it will charge if we can provide him with be policy to give them a thorough the materials to build a church. education under Christian moral in: fluences. Strong, educated, and Our latest convert here is a charm- keenly spiritual missionaries are an ing girl, a daughter of Basques, who even greater need, perhaps; men with is a school-teacher, said by the prin- the evangelistic gift, and at the same cipal of the local normal school to be time capable of teaching and training the best student in Tres Arroyos. the intelligent young people we are And that sets us dreaming and see- raising in our Sunday-schools, and ing visions, for there are potentiali- shall yet produce in our schools. ties and possibilities in these young lives. Evangelically the day is still dark in . The Tandil and Tres Arroyos Buenos Aires, but that constitutes the churches united to pay the expenses loud call for Christ's true disciples to let their light shine here.

F. G. PENZOTTI. AND A GR(lUP OF AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY

..~The Bible In Latin America BY I'. G. PENZOTTI,* BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA Agent of the American Bible Society m_ Bible in the republics four million Bibles or portions. OR the past thirty-six paraiso. Only a few thousand copies ~ years, or since 1877, I of the Bible were in circulation. To- F have been preaching day the American Bible Society and circulating the alone has put in circulation almost of Uruguay, Paraguay, Forty years ago the doors seemed Brazil, Argentine Republic, Chile, impassable, some of our colporteurs Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, were giving up their lives either Venezuela, Panama, Costa Rica, through violence or through the Nicaragua, Honduras, San Salvador, fevers . Many times have I been Guatemala, Cuba, Jamaica, Mex;ico, at death's door, I have also been im- and other places. prisoned for the ,,yard and have My remembrance goes back to the endured great persecutions and many time when all the missionary work privations. But as the apostle Paul in this continent was represented by tells us: Our "labor is not in vain smatl groups of believers in Buenos in the Lord."

Aires, Montevideo, Rosario and Val- No pen can describe the effect pro- .. Mr. Pcnzolti has probably traveled more in South America tHan any other missionar y, and is better acquainted with missionary work than any other one man. Vhat he says, therefore, is of especial interest and importance.

duced by the circulation of the Bible effectual is opened unto me, and there and the preaching of the Gospel in are many adversaries." these countries. I have just returned from a seven months' trip, A quarter of a century ago the having visited several republics on Roman Church had limitless dominthe Pacific coast and bring with me ion in all Latin America, but their the conviction that all over the field system was mechanical and cerethe voice from Macedonia can be monial. Doubts and unbelief arose, heard, "Come and help us." Romanism was confused with Chris- tianism, and liberty with license. It is fifty years since the Ameri- Men began to look with contempt can Bible Society first started their on everything religious and conwork in South America. For the sidered religion an enemy to profirst twenty years they worked in gress. It is difficult to convince such Argentine and Uruguay only, but men that they are confusing form since r883 they have extended to with reality; but we nevertheless, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru, and in r886 meet persons of good judgment who to Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia and recognize the superiority of true Ecuador. When Mr. Milne and my- Christianity, and who have acknowlself began to work here the ways edged that the only hope for upliftof travel were so difficult and dan- ing these countries is in Protestant gerous that at times we were in evangelization. danger of losing our lives. A few months ago when I was in A fter thirty-six years of experi- Callao, Peru, some of the Roman ence in Latin America I find that clergy and fanatics went to the Prethe most practical way to begin mis- fect asking him to forbid us from sion work in new places is to send spreading our doctrines. The Preour men with the Bible in their fect answered them: "To forbid the hands to prepare the way. The col- spreading of such a good and moral" porteur carries the divine lamp in izing doctrine it is necessary to be a his hand, from town to town, and savage, and as I am not a savage, from house to house, and can enter· I will not forbid it." These words the homes where the voice of a have been said by _the first authority pastor ar missionary has never been of the principal port of the last heard. It frequently awakens interest, country in South America to grant and there are genuine conversions by the liberty of cult, which has just means of the colporteur. Conver- been obtained, and where we have sions are not infrequently due to the worked hard and suffered. simple reading of the Word. The work is difficult, but has the approval The doors are now open from and blessing of the Lord. Tierra del Fuego to Cuba, and we have the opportunity to enter. Rome, Latin America is rightly called the after four centuries of dominion, has "Continent of Opportunity," and it given evidence of her impotence would be a pity to lose that oppor- morally to uplift these countries. We tunity. We find, like St. Paul (r must show them that Protestant mis- Cor. r6: 9): "A great door and sions are not asking the people to change their religion, bnt are seeking

BIBLE IN LATIN

to show that that religion should owner of a small hotel finally: let me change them individually. We must have his dining-room, where a large show that our arms are not carnal number of men came, but not one for destruction, but spiritual for edi- lady. The next day as I took the fication. The people will then be small steamer to cross the lake of convinced of the superiority of Chris- Nicaragua on my way to Granada a tianism. lady of about sixty years of age came to speak to me. She was very ner- There has been in South America vous and frightened, and said to me: a strong prejudice against the United States. European merchants point to "Sir, do you think that the end of the American eagle as an invader. the world has come?" The Roman clergy also give the cry of alarm against "the dreadful Yan- "No, madam," I answered. "What kees," who send their Bibles and has happened?" missionaries from personal interests. Lately this spirit seems to be disap- "Have you not heard?" pearing, specially during the last few "No, I have heard nothing." years, because of the visit of such "Just think, sir, a Protestant preacher came here last night. Do YOIl men as Elihu Root, William J. Bryan, not think that the end of the world has come?" John Barrett, John R. Mott, and, "Did you go to hear this man?" lately, Theodore Roosevelt. "May God deliver me. W ere you present ?" I replied that I was there, The supreme need of these coun- and she said she had been told that tries is the glorious Gospel and to there was a large crowd of men, but make it possible that the day may that the women were all ready with come when in each house they will sticks and stones waiting outside to have the divine lamp, the Bible. kill him, the preacher. A French gentleman who was near, Money and foreign arms have de- listening to our conversation, said to veloped the natural resources of the her that this was not Christ's teachcountry, but they have not been ing; but in a low tone of voice she able to make this kind of antagonism said to me: of races, customs, languages, and re- "Yes, sir, we must kill the wolfs. ligions disappear. What men can Do you not think so?" not do the Bible is doing; it is the "Madam, perhaps you have been best diplomacy for conciliation with the foreigner of different nation- . wrongly informed about this gentlealities and creeds, bringing the people nearer to God their Creator. man." "Oh, no, I know very well what Some Instances is happening. I have been told that In Rivas, Nicaragua, while visiting he is coming on board of this from town to town and house to steamer, and I fear that we will go house, with the Bible in my hand to down." read and explain the contents to the people, and looking for a place where I opened my New Testament and I could hold public meetings I could tried to explain to her some passages. find no place to hold· them. The She listened attentively and with interest, and asked what book it was.

"The New Testament of Jesus with the door locked, and, of course, Christ." she thought it could be nothing good. At last she looked through the key- "What is the New Testament?" hole and we can imagine her surprize "It is what Christ and His apostles on seeing her two boys on their knees had taught." with their open Bible. The mother "That is why it is so beautiful; could not resist the impulse, and please read some more." knocking at the door asked what was As I read and explained, she was the meaning of this. Opening the door much interested, and at last she ex- to her they told her the whole truth: claimed, "Sir, you truly are a good Christian, but we must kill and burn "Now, mother," they said, "we that heretic." know that we have been bad sons to After we reached the other side you and have made you suffer a great of the lake she was so greatly imprest deal, but from now on we wish to that she begged me to come again be good boys, and to help you." The soon. Then the same French gentle- mother was so surprized that she man came up and said to her, "Why asked them where this place of wordid you speak like that to this gentle- ship was, for she wished to go to man, he is the same one who preached hear this religion which had changed last evening." her children so completely.· They "The same man! He seemed so took her to the next meeting. At the well educated!" next service she came with all her N ow we havy in this same town eight children. On their return home several groups of believers whose they took all their images of different souls belong to the Divine Shepherd. sizes and colors and made a great In Callao, Peru, there is a family of bonfire with them. vVhen the father ten, consisting of father, mother, and entered the house he was frightened eight children. The two older sons, to see the smoke, but only found his twenty and twenty-two, were given wife and children warming themselves over to sin and were a burden to with the fire from the images. For their parents. One evening they some years two of the boys have been were walking the streets looking for working as missionari~s, and one of adventures and happened to pass in the girls married a Protestant pastor. front of our chapel. When they heard the singing they came inside In spite of persecutions, privations to make fun of us. I spoke to them and prisons in the past, I rejoice to kindly but firmly, and they changed find rich fruits of the work of many their minds and seemed imprest by years. Boys that I used to take by the service. Both came to our next the hand and young men who were meeting and were regular in atten- on the wrong road are now coldance ever after. One evening when porteurs, others are teachers, pastors, we did not hold a service they re- engineers, managers of banks and mained at home and locked them- secretaries of the government-men selves in their r00!ll. Their mother, with good positions who give a good who had' lost all confidence in them, testimony to Christ by their lives-. wondered what they could be doing How true it is that "your labor is not in vain in the Lord."

Warid at

ALLIES NATION AREA POPULATION British Empire: 121,633 46,035,570 United Kingdom …….. . 120 235,063 Europe …………….. . 1,802,657 315,156,396 India ………………. . 166,834 8,709,533 6,551,513 Asia ……..•………… 3,191,773 Australia …………… . 2,135,147 37,990,222 4,010,914 10,096,863 Africa ……………… . America ……………. . 207,054 39,601,509 France: 4,538,543 40,986,243 Republic ……………. . 1,997,310 140,683,000 Dependencies ……….. . 6,294,119 27,236,800 Russia: 125,689 3,140,100 Europe …………….. . 11,373 7,571,387 Asia ……………….. . 909,654- 15,005,465 18,650 2,911,701 Finland …………….. . 260.738 52,985,423 Belgium ………………. . 5,603 516,000 Belgian Kongo ……… . Servia ……………….. . POPULATION Japan …..•……………. Montenegro ……………. .

THE OPPONENTS NATION AREA Germany .0 ••••••••••• 0.0.0 208,780 64,925,993 1,027,820 (White) Dependencies ••••• 0.0 •••• 24,389 241,491 (Native) Austria-Hungary ••••• 0.0 ••• 0 12,041,603 49,458,421 SYMPATHY OF NEUTRALS IMPARTIAL NEUTRALS With Ames With Germany United States Switzerland Italy Turkey Latin America Portugal Albania China Spain Persia? Denmark Holland Afghanistan? Norway Rumania? Sweden Bulgaria Siam Greece

WORLD AT WAR-ALL SHADED PORTIONS ARE INVOLVED IN THE PRESENT

Effects of the War

Missions REPORTS FROM VARIOUS BOARDS, SOCIETIES, AND MISSIONS ~T HE nations of the quietly. Many of the colporteurs, world are so closely however, are serving as soldiers.

linked together that if "As it is impossible to obtain sup- plies from Germany, we are printing "one member suffers all in this country a German Gospel and also a Gospel in diglot form with I the members suffer German and English in parallel col- umns." with it." The suffer- Rev. E. P. Sketchley, M.A., asing is all the more keen and more sistant secretary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in constant because of the incessant war- Foreign Parts, writes: "So far as we know none of the society's work outring in our world-members between side Europe is suffering interference in consequence of the war. Vhen those who follow the usurping war was declared we were anxious for the safety of 122 chaplains on the "Prince of this world," and those who Continent. They are nearly all safe now, and there are only twenty-one are servants of God, the rightful about whom we are still anxious."

Ruler. The Rev. Cyril Bardsley, M.A., the honorary secretary of the CM.S., Practically every religious and states that the committee is greatly encouraged by the income received missionary organization is hampered during August, which is quite up to the average of past years. "Once and some are suffering because of more," he says, "our brethren at the front are nobly and promptly rethe war, but there is no need that the sponding to our message asking them to cut down their expenditure in work of God should permanently suf- every possible way. The supporters of the Society at home may be asfer. If men will but learn the les- sured that all expenditure, both in the field and at Salisbury Square, will be sons He is seeking to teach them, most rigorously limited so long as the work itself is not curtailed." great blessing may come from this In several of the missions of the murderous strife. Church Missionary Society the mis- sionaries are passing through a time The following are some of the re- ports of the British and American Mission Boards in reference to the difficulty of sending men and money to the field, the financial stringency at home, and the increased obstacles to the work abroad.

Reports from British Societies The Rev. John H. Ritson, M.A., secretary of the British and Foreign Bible Society, says: "We have not yet had any communication from our German or Austrian agencies, but we are in touch with all the other Continental agents, and in most countries our colportage work is proceeding

of considerable anxiety, chiefly "Our missionaries in Madagascar through lack of news, but there is no must be in great difficulty. They reason for fear as to their saIety. telegraphed three weeks ago that the Owing to the mobilization in the bank refused them money. Ve have Ottoman Empire and to the difficul- been able to send them 5,000 francs ties experienced, such as those of by Ranarivelo, the great merchant of obtaining money and cashing cheques, Tananarive, who is at this moment a C. M. S. agent has been dispatched in France, bu~ it is a very small sum, to Palestine to look after the interests and we ourselves are very short of of the missionaries, and to render money; because of the moratorium any special assistance that may be we can hardly draw any money out needed. In German East Africa the of the bank. Besides, our society isolation of the missionaries is com- was behind in funds when the war plete, and no communication with began, which suddenly stopt all rethem is at present possible. ceipts. We have had to ask all our missionaries to live as they can on The stations of the C.M.S. 111 the produce of the country, and not German East Africa extend over a to pay the evangelists and native line of some 250 miles, and are in teachers. It is a heartbreaking situtwo different countries, Ukaguru anel ation. I hope we shall be able to Llgogo, in which distinct languages send a small sum at the end of are spoken. In 1913 there were September, but it will only be a little. three stations in each country, but two stations have since been amal- "Some English friends who were gamated. There are over a dozen much concerned at the situation of missionaries with their wives still in our two South African missions in German East Africa. Basutoland and Rhodesia have fur- nished the money, and have asked A letter of greeting to the German the British Colonial Minister to inter- Baptist Missionary Society has been vene and to furnish food as soon as written by the foreign secretary of possible to our missionaries. But the British Baptist Missionary Society, nothing of the kind has been done and the missionaries in everyone of for the missions of the French colthe society's fields have been notified onies, and it is there they will suffer that in rendering any emergency especially, both on the Kongo and in service to members of Continental Madagascar. We are having to re- ITIlSlOnary soclettes they will be duce the allowance of our missionacting in full accordance with the aries on furlough, an allowance aldesire and purpose of the committee ready very insufficient, and also the and supporters of the Society at pensions a f retired missionaries and home. widows, which is almost cruel.

Continental Mislions "How much we must ask God that this terrible trial will not last Mr. F. H. Hawkins, LL.B., secre- too long. One asks if Europe could tary of the London Missionary So- endure it through the whole of next ciety, has given out the translation winter." of a letter from Paris written by an influential French Protestant. "For our French Church," states

EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON

a Vesleyan Methodist Society, "the church will be more disastrously war is a disaster of inestimable mag- affected than the Moravian Church.

nitude. Those stations in the south The Moravian Church is an organic will probably escape the worst hor- unity throughout the world, and its rors of' cpJlflict; but our people in missions are carried on by the Church the frontier town of Nancy are sure as a whole. Its Mission Board is to suffer terribly. It is as yet too composed of one American, one early to foresee how many of the Englishman, one German, and two other circuits may also be involved. chosen . from the Church at large.

At best, the war spells calamity for The central offices are in Herrnhut our work in France." in Saxony, in Germany.

Mo"re than 250 French Protestant "Hence it is cut off from direct clergymen have gone to the front communication with all its various with the French armies, and prac- fields, and especially from those in tically all of the German Methodist Africa. About 60 per cent. of the ministers in south Germany are with income of the Moravian Mission the German army. The Methodist Board has been derived from the Theological School at Frankfort has countries now at war, all of which is been closed, as nearly all the students jeopardized, so that it can readily be have been called to fight. seen into what a critical condition German missionaries are in a Moravian missions have been plunged.

seriotls position owing to the war, "In the Home provinces there are and facts are given illustrating the members of the Moravian Church in manner in which they are cut off the British, the German, the Austrian from their home base. and probably the Russian armies. No "In India," says Dr. David Downie, direct advices have been received "Germany has 400 Protestant mis- from the Austrian and Russian sionaries and in South Africa prob- .Moravians."

ably the same number. These are The Moravian Brethren in Eng- Moravians, Lutherans, Baptists and land desiring to express their firm Methodists, and their work is highly conviction that this awful war need esteemed by their English colleagues, not disrupt the churchly unity have with whom they cooperate in unity adopted the following minute: and amity. At present these 800 "This Synod of the British Prov- missionaries can not communicate ince of the Moravian Church sends with their headquarters nor can they hearty and. brotherly greetings to our obtain their usual remittances for Brethren of the German Province, their salaries and for the upkeep of mindful of the fact that hate can the missionary propaganda." not exist between members of the "It is too early to be able to fur- Body of Christ, nor war between nish definite and· accurate informa- members of the Brethren's Church.

tion in regard to the effect of the The President of Synod is requested European War on Moravian Mis- to forward this Resolution to the sions," says Dr. Paul de Schweinitz, 'Deutsche Unitats-Direktion' and of Bethlehem, Pa., "but it may well to the two Provinces in America and be questioned whether any other to the West Indies."

Work of American Societies ditions they were compelled to with- Dr. James L. Barton, Secretary of draw and have returned to America.

the American Board of Commission- Mr. Erickson is in Italy, hoping to ers for Foreign Missions, writes 'as get into Albania and continue the follows of the physical effects of the work laid down by Mr. Kennedy. So war on the missions of the American far as we can learn, the missions in Board: "As soon as England de- the Balkans have not been disturbed clared war the banking systems of the materially. The Bulgarian mission- world seemed to cease action, and aries have been able to secure funds from that day for a longer or shorter necessary for their support.

period in all the mission fields it was "One of the most trying situations practically impossible for the mission- in any of the missions of the Board aries to secure funds from the banks is that represented by the mission in for their own support or for the con- Austria, with headquarters in Prague.

duct of their work. Credits and bills No letters of credit or bills of ex- of exchange on London or on the change that they had were of any United States seemed to have no value, and, so far as we know, up to value. Missionaries in Turkey were the present time no money has pllt into straits from which at the reached them from Boston. A thou- end of September they had not been sand dollars was sent through the wholly relieved. United States Treasury for the sup- "The United States Ambassador at port of the two families in Prague.

Constantinople, Mr. Morgenthau, was, "Upon the outbreak of the war the able to secure from business firms sailings of all missionaries of the several thousand pounds Turkish. American Board to India, Ceylon, which he distributed to various insti- Africa, Turkey and the Balkans were tutions in Turkey, the American cancelled. The situation had so Board treasurer receiving £T.4000. changed by the end of September This money provided immediate re- that plans were completed for the lief. At the present time arrange- sending of missionaries to Africa, ments have been made so that through fndia and Ceylon by way of the business houses funds can be received Atlantic and the Mediterranean. All at Constantinople, but no way of sailings to Turkey have been in- transmitting these funds into the in- definitely postponed, for two reasons terior of Turkey has been discovered -one the uncertainty of what might up to the middle of September. All take place in the Grecian Sea bethe banks in the interior had ceased tween the time of the sailing of mispayments. Some of the missionaries sionaries from our Eastern coast and in the interior have been living on their arrival there, and because of the short rations. situation in Turkey, which made it "Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy remained uncertain as to whether it will be in Albania until it became impossible possible to continue the work in any for them to secure funds, from Con- normal condition this fall. Many stantinople or elsewhere, in exchange English have been sending women for their credits, either for themselves and children out of the country. The or for relief work. Under these con- State Department in Washington ad-

EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON

vises that under present conditions were detained for nearly a month in no more Americans should be sent Egypt, because the steamer was dis- into Turkey. continued in the middle of the voyage and because their express drafts "The work in Turkey has been could not be cashed. much interfered with by the mobiliz- ation which has been general. It Bishop Ferguson, of Liberia, re- was not certain, when the most re- ports that the missionaries were in cent letters were written, whether or great want. Finally arrangements not the schools would be able to open for exchange were made through the at the regular time, but the mission- Anglo-West African Bank. The aries were planning to open them, Standard Oil Company and other even with a greatly reduced teaching large business companies doing busistaff, in order to restore confidence ness in the East have also underin the minds of the people and to taken to cable remittance through hold things steady. It would produce their agents. For this purpose Mr. a spirit of consternation throughout E. Walter Roberts, Assistant Treas- Turkey if for any reason the Ameri- urer of the Protestant Episcopal can schools should fail to open at Board was appointed the representhe regular time. tative for all the boards.

"The new hospital of the American The demoralization of trans-Atlan- Board at Marsovan, Turkey, has tic passenger lines, and more parbeen taken possession of by the mili- ticularly the complete interruption of tary, which is also threatening to take international exchange, has thrown other buildings in Marsovan and upon the Presbyterian Board of Forother cities. Through the efforts of eign Missions in N ew York some of our Ambassador in Constantinople, the most puzzling problems with the authorities have agreed to with- which the secretaries and treasurer draw at an early date from the hos- have ever had to deal. The board pital. received a cable from the council of its missionaries In India saying: "In other countries there has been "Send no drafts. Can not get money little interference with the work, to except at exorbitant rates." The our knowledge. The work of the board's average remittances to India American Board under the German are $50,000 a month, and a high rate flag, in the Caroline Islands, may pass adds a prohibitive percentage. to the British flag. The island of )Jauru has already been taken pos- The desperate situation pertains to session of, and possibly the Marshall the West African field. All the ::-slands. That need not make any African stations, save one, are in difference with the work of the mis- German colonial territory, and they sion." have been dealt with ordinarily through a Berlin house correspond- The Domestic and Foreign Mis- ing with a German bank in Buea, sionary Society of the Protestant the capital of Kamerun. It is im- Episcopal Church reports that all new possible now to buy exchange on missionaries have now, after some Berlin, and it is probable that the delay, gone forward as usual. Two colonial bank would not cash the exmissionaries on the way to China

change at any rate, whether on Berlin was at times deafening. But we or any other European center. In never dreamed that the horror of the this condition great anxiety exists for reality of war would add terror to the African missionaries, lest they these maneuvers in our lifetime.

be reduced to privation through in- "The children were enjoying to the ability of the board to transmit them full the sea and mountains and the any funds whatever. companionship of other children after The receipts of the board have their winter alone on the compound.

thus far shown no diminution, under Then in a single night the whole depression due to war, and it is pro- aspect of life was changed. Germans foundly hoped that the sacrifice and in Tsing-tau were naturally excited enthusiasm of the supporters through- and the whole city was in commotion.

out the Church will prevent any loss Provisions were to be had only under of income. Government supervision, and prices The Presbyterian Board is watch- were advanced 50 per cent. The ing with keen attention every de- poor Chinese fled by the hundreds velopment and is prepared to meet from Tsing-tau, walking d~ys to any complication. A list has been reach interior villages at a safe sent to the State Department at distance."

Vashington, giving the names and Many new and furloughed mis..

addresses of its missionaries in sionaries were preparing to sail Africa, China, Jndia, Japan, Persia, during the late summer and early and Syria. Since China has become autumn, but all sailings from New involved careful information has been York VUl England or the Con- furnished to the Department con- tinent, were canceled, and sail- cerning the missionaries and prop- ings from the Pacific Coast were erty interests of the Board in Tsing- carried out only by steamers under tau. American registry. Members of the Mrs. Charles K. Roys, of the Pres- Indian missions, and who are needed byterian Mission in Shantung writes on the field, were permitted to sail for under date of August 21st: "Ve India 'via the Pacific, no women or have heard the wildest rumors of children to accompany them. Young Russia's advance upon the port she men under appointment to Inelia are has long coveted, of Japan's ap- permitted to go only in special cases.

proach, and of Germany's intention From the United 'Presbvterian to blow up the place rather than let Board comes the report: – Tsing-tau fall into the hands of the "Egypt is theoretically a part of enemy. Our little papier machC sum- the Turkish Empire and pays to mer cottage is located within a few Turkey an annual tribute of some hundred' yards of the German military $3,500,000. Yet the more vital factor practise ground, and for years past in her international relationships is we have heard and seen the man- the great British occupation. When euvers of German troops. Ten-inch the war broke out Egypt's neutrality guns sent their missiles whizzing was immediately and independently through the air over our heads; the declared. Great Britain's interest i;l shrapnel and gattling-gun practise the Suez Canal, as a necessary high-

EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON

way to India, is perhaps our greatest sionaries by the way of Lisbon. guaranty that British authority will Travel has not been seriously interpreserve order in the N ile Valley. rupted to our fields in China, Japan As goes Egypt, so goes the Sudan." and Korea, nor has our mission w9rk been interfered with except an occa- A letter from Egypt says: "It is sional delay in travel." said that there are 40,000 Indian regulars in camp at Alexandria, on From the Executive Committee of the Canal and at Abbasia. Noone Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian seems to apprehend the slightest Church in the United States (South) danger. As to an uprising, we do Dr. S. H. Chester, the secretary, not consider that there is as much sends this word: "I am thankful to danger to-day as there was at almost say that in actual receipts to date any time during the regime of Sir the European war has not begun to Elden Gorst. It is said that most tell on our finances; we even show Moslems are wishing the Germans a slight gain for the month of Septo win, but I take it that it is only tember over the corresponding month the unthinking ones, and the am- last year, and for the fiscal year our bitious characters that have been all receipts to date are still a few thoualong 'Nationalists' and hating the sand dollars in advance of those of English, because they want to rule last year. As a good deal of our (or ruin) the country themselves. missionary income is received from those living in the cotton section we "So far there is no reason to be can scarcely hope that we will not alarmed for the personal safety of suffer seriously later on from the inany of us. There does not seem to ability of the people in that section to be the slightest intimation of any command the means for making their native uprising. In fact, almost usual contributions; and that is the everything seems to point the other reason why we deem it necessary to way. The Egyptians generally seem exercise great caution and conservamore loyal to Great Britain now tism in sending out reinforcements, than ever before, for which we are and to husband our present resources all very thankful." in every possible way.

The Board of Missions of the "Ve have received no word from any of our missions indicating that Methodist Episcopal Church (South) their work has been in any way reports through the Secretary, Dr. hindered as yet as the result of the W. W. Pinson: war. As a cautionary measure we have cancelled the sailings of all new "The European war has had no missionaries to our Eastern fields and disturbing effects in the field occupied are retaining furloughed missionaries by our church, except those incident from those fields at home except in to banking transactions and the trans- a few cases." fer of funds. It was for some time difficult if not impossible to get either Rev. George Drach, Secretary of funds or supplies to our missionaries the Board of Foreign Missions of the in the Belgian Kongo, but by an ar- General Council of the Evangelical rangement with the Department of Lutheran Church in North America, State the difficulty was removed and we are now able to reach our mis-

reports: "The war in Europe has began. Two or three of our missiondelayed the sending out of our mis- aries have been delayed in sailing but sionaries to India over a month, but the way seems to be open now. We we now have completed arrangements have had no trouble in the matter of for their passage in November. We reaching our missionaries and sending have been able to send funds to our them their usual remittances." missions in India and Japan, but at a high rate of exchange. Weare ad- "We have not experienced any vlsmg economy, especially in the ill-effects of the war on our misdirection of building operations, not sions," writes Dr. Canon S. Gould, of only because we can not feel sure that the Church of England in Canada. our income will allow the normal ex- "Our receipts to-date are somewhat pansion of the work which would in advance of those of last year. otherwise be provided for, but also Beyond the withholding of reinforcebecause calls have reached us from ments for the present and instruc- German societies and mISSIOns of tions to our field authorities that German societies, asking for aid and they should exercise every economy relief, inasmuch as the German so- in administration, I do not anticipate cieties find it impossible to send funds that our board of management will or communications to their missions feel called upon to take any definite in British colonies, especiaIly India. action. We wish to be able to some extent to grant the aid requested. Weare "It is stiIl too early to know the about to issue a special appeal to all uitimate effects of the European war Lutheran churches in America for upon our missionary wmk," writes Dr. offerings to relieve the need of Ger- F. P. Haggard, of the American Bapman Lutheran missions in India and tist Foreign Missionary Society; "but elsewhere." I may note the following: (I) While there are many Baptists in the coun- Dr. L. B. vVolf, Secretary and tries of Europe we are related directly Treasurer of the Board of Foreign or indirectly only to those in France. Missions of the General Synod of the GerlIltlcmy, Sweden, Spain, Russia. Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Finland, Denmark and Norway, and United States of America writes: we contribute to the work in these "We contemplate sending out a party lands smaII sums, as compared with of seven missionaries, leaving New that appropriated to missions in non- York on October 2Ist, among whom Christian countries. It seems almost is my daughter, who goes out to take needless to add that Baptist work in up work as a medical missionary in the countries at war is absolutely deour hospital in South India. moralized. The churches are dis- organized, since the laymen and many "The war in Europe has affected of the pastors are at the front. Thus our work to some extent," says Dr. far we have no information of prop- A. McLean, of the Foreign Christian erty destroyed. Missionary Society. "A number of churches and individuals find it more "(2) The sending of new missiondifficult to contribute to the treasury aries has not yet been affected to any of the society than before the war degree. Our missionary parties are sailing without difficulty both east-

EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON

bound and westbound, and some of the must face the necessity for reliefmissionaries who sailed during the measures for the distrest represenearly part of the war have already tatives of the church in those lands. arrived at their destinations. The situation in Italy is only a little less serious than in the zone of hos-. " (3 ) We have not found any diffi- tilities. culty in the transmission of funds greater than that experienced by all In Africa the missionaries have commercial houses. The Standard Oil suffered great financial distress, par- Company has agreed to transmit the ticularly in North Africa, where the funds of missionary societies which stations in the French territories of find themselves unable to make the Algeria and Tunis found themselves usual arrangements. suddenly cut off from financial sup- port. It was with grea't difficulty that "(4) It is still too early to forecast the Board was able to transfer funds the effect of the war upon missionary to meet the situation. From the contributions at the home base. Our Belgian Kongo, and in Angola, Rhosituation at present may be described desia, and Portuguese East Africa as normal, being almost identical with come reports of disturbances of all that of a year ago." normal relations, and disquiet con- cerning ,the future. Liberia, tho out- The American Friends have mis- side the zone of actual danger, has sions in China, India, Africa and else- been hit as hard financially. where. Secretary Charles E. Tebbets reports that: "lVord has just Dr. George Heber Jones writes come from their missionaries in Brit- that the Board has, so far, been ish East A frica that they are under able to meet the new situations martial law, and that the government created. Bishop John L. Nuelsen, in is providing a place of refuge in case charge of the work in Europe. has of a native uprising. The natives are remained there toc'are for the varied much excited, but so far have shown interests of the church. The Re'. no hostilities to the missionaries." Ernest >V. Bysshe, superintendent of the mission in France, who had just The Methodist Board of Foreign come to America on furlough, re- Missions is responsible for a widely turned immediately, and is now extended work in the countries of studying the situation in Paris. The Europe now at war and in their colo- Rev. George A. Simons placed at the nial possessions. On the continent service of the Russian Government of Europe congregations are dis- the newly purchased Methodist proppersed, families broken up, churches erty in Petrograd, and it is now being vacated, schools empty, factories idle, used as a hospital for wounded solmarket-places deserted, and every- diers. The great Methodist hoswhere there is disquietude and dread. pitals of the Bethenian Verein, in Ministers and laymen have been Hamburg, Berlin, and Frankfort, called to bear arms in Germany, have done large service in caring for France, Russia, and Austria. The the German wounded; while two hunparalysis of industry renders it prac- dred nurses of the Nursing Sistertically impossible for the congrega- hood of the German Methodist tions to meet their obligations to their pastors, and the Methodist Board

Church are reported as having en- Christian peoples been so ready to tered the service of the government receive the Gospel. A transformafor hospital work. tion of startling magnitude is taking place. God is summoning His A Message to the Churches Church to mold the character of the coming life. It is unthinkable The Committee of Reference and that the Church should fail to reo Counsel, representing the Foreign spond. Missionary Societies of North America, has sent out a letter to the "While we do not underestimate churches which emphasizes especially the embarrassment which some busithe danger that whole nations will ness men are experiencing, there is misinterpret Christianity, and Im- no reason to anticipate that the agine that it IS represented by ability of the American people to armies and navies rather than by maintain their missionary work has peace and good-will. been or is likely to be seriously im- paired. Many of the missionary so- The Day of Prayer, appointed by cieties had their birth during a period President Wilson, was emphasized as of war. Several of the largest Britwas the request that Americans ob- ish societies were founded in the serve strict neutrality. "The churches period of the French Revolution amI should make clear the distinction the Napoleonic wars. The Baptist between the teachings of Christ and Missionary Society of Great Britain some of the characteristics of so- made some of its most notable adcalled modern civilization. A more vances during the Crimean and Boer persistent effort should be put forth wars. Some of the strongest soto make the spirit of Jesus leaven cieties in America were formed ill national as well as individual rela- war times. The foreign missionary tionships. Vital Christianity has not work of at least one of the churches failed, but men have failed to exem- in our Southern States was started plify it. in the darkest days of the American Civil War; and while the contribu- "FJmphasis should be laid upon tions to the northern mIsSIonary so- cieties feB off during the first years th.e .necessity of maintain ina.., the of the struggle, they regained their former standard before the war mIssIonary work of the churches at closed, and in some cases exceeded their full strength. Thousands of it. Without question, American American missionaries are in lands Christians of to-day can equal the which are directly or indirectlv devotion and self-sacrifice of Chris- tians of former days. No concession governed by the warring nation~. should be m~de to a spirit of retreat, but the Church should be confidently There is danger that absorption in expected to address itself with new questions developed by the war will vigor to the supreme necessities of lead to forgetfulness of the great the hour." work which the churches have been conducting. That work has been built up through a long series of years. Schools and hospitals on the foreign field can no more be closed at such a time than similar institutions at home. Never have non- ~~ DEPADTMENT J ~~./ ' " ' OF …………….. /~ BEST METHODS CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, N. Y.

BEST METHODS FROM SUMMER CONFERENCES ~s…tAJIl~1 EPORTS from all the of such "best ideas of the best leaders" conferences and summer as could be brought together in tan- schools of missions tell gible shape to constitute an Efficiency of large attendance and Exhibit. The word efficiency may be a inspiring sessions. At bit overworked nowadays, but the each of these gatherings eagerness to attain the quality and practise of efficiency that animates so there is a constant interchange of large a number of even the humblest methods, and the eagerness with which workers, is one of the most encouraging delegates jot down in their ever-present signs of the times. At this' exhibit, notebooks new plans that might prove foreign costumes, curios, flags and all helpful in their home churches is one purely decorative features were ruled of the most encouraging features. The out, and only such things were displayed desire for better preparation for ser- as might easily be reproduced at home. vice is everywhere manifest. Don't Waste Time Hunting! "This is my first experience at a summer conference and I have found FILE YOUR LEAFLETS it delightful," said Mrs. H. G. Clark, missionary of the American Board to This sign greeted the visitor from a Japan, at a farewell service held by table on which were ordinary letter-file little group on the mountainside the boxes with gummed labels on the back last Sunday afternoon at Silver Bay. duly inscribed to show the range of "The thing that has imprest me most is contents. These had been adapted to that everybody here seems to be get- the filing of missionary leaflets, items ting to give." or pictures cut from periodicals. The special adaptation consisted of replacing The Best Methods editor brought the letters of the alphabet, which usually home a notebook full of helpful things designate the sheets which separate the from Silver Bay, and through the kind- box into various compartments', by writness of several delegates to Northfield ten slips bearing the names of missionshe has secured some of the best ary countries or subjects; e.g., A was methods outlined there. A few of these replaced by Africa; B by American are given here. Others will appear Indians; and so forth. from time to time during the coming year. This filing device and other things seen at the exhibit, like the wafer AN EFFICIENCY EXHIBIT butter-plates which grocers and house- wives find indispensable, but which only BY MISS EDITH THOMSON, RIDGEWOOD, one man was clever enough to patent NEW JERSEY and put on the market, seem so simple One feature of this year's Summer School for Women's Foreign Missionary Societies at Northfield was a collection as to hardly be worthy of such a place. notice. These stamping outfits are more Yet, as a rule, a classification of expensive at the start than pasted material on hand, or a filing system, is letters, but lettering done with them one of the last things adopted by leaders eliminates the danger of cracking or and makers of programs. Nothing tearing if the charts are to be packed saves more wear on the temper or and used many times. If purchased by brings more comfort and assurance than some society in the church, this miniaknowing where to put one's hand on ture "printing outfit" will prove a cona thing when it is wanted. Junior tinual source of helpfulness in new and leaders, especially, who save printed varied ways. pictures, maps, etc., will find such boxes, or (if more easily obtained) a set of Many of the designs on the cloth large manila envelopes, of great ser- charts were done in colored crayons, vIce. and the exhibitors gladly gave away the secret of their "no smutting" process. CHARTS and POSTERS have come to These colored crayons are much easier be almost necessary adjuncts of success- to handle than paint; but, as every body' ful missionary meetings, yet many per- knows, the slightest rubbing of a craysons hesitate to undertake them lest it oned surface causes blur. This IS require excessive labor, .artistic talent, wholly remedied if, when the picture is or both. This need not be the case. finished, the chart is laid face down Some of the most effective posters at and prest quickly with a moderately this exhibit relied for their art work on hot iron till the color comes through pictures that had been cut out and on the wrong side. This effectually pasted on cardboard or heavy paper. "fixes" the picture. But let the presser Some of the lettering was merely done take the precaution to cover the board with heavy pencil marks, the whole en- with paper or cloth of no value. Othertailing no expense and little effort. For wise she will find a duplicate of her the simplest charts, manila paper, cray- design where it is unwelcome! ons, ink, and a small paint brush constitute all the outfit necessary.* Another feature of the exhibit was the Missionary Tea Table with its The cloth charts at Northfield showed numerous small novelties and oddities considerable variety of lettering. Oll made to add attractiveness or the elemany of them, gummed and pasted ment of surprize to such items on the letters cut from patterns of letter-forms program as current events or the anoffered for sale by some of the swers to sets of questions. Among the Women's Boards, had been used, and it things on this table were pasteboard was suggested that children in bands or crackers (made to look real by rows shut-ins in the Home Department might of pin-pricks), with items pasted on prepare such letters in quantity to be the back; a dish of tempting paper ready when needed. On others, rubber- salad with slips bearing printed bits of stamp letters had been used (not information fastened to the leaves and stencils, which entail more labor). the mock slices of egg; and paper fire- These applied with the help of ruler crackers with items inside to be pulled and ink-pad form a simple mode of out by the string projecting in imitalettering ready for use at a moment's tion of a fuse.

4 "Miss Edith Thomson, the 'chart-maker: had The amusing or interesting invitation a bewildering display of charts at Northfield that cards shown had nearly all been actually were the desp,air of the audience," SrlYS one of the in use, and were loaned for the occadelegates. • How could any ordinary hand pro· sion. It was evident that some societies duce such extraordinary charts?" Yet many an had found blue-printing a satisfactory "ordinary hand" has done it, and many more can do it by fonowin …. NIiss Thomson's directions as herer given.-B. M. B.

OF BEST METHODS

way to reproduce a large number of Methods for children filled consider- invitations or announcements when it able space. It was interesting to see was desired to embellish them with how little villages'-African, Burmese, some artistic design. and Japanese-could be built up in fashion suggestive enough to children's A map traced from an atlas on thin eyes, out of pasteboard and colored cloth and stretched over flat, corrugated paper, ten-cent-store dolls and other inboard was dotted with tiny flags bear- expensive accessories. A suggestion for ing the names of great missionaries. hand:work to be done by children at This was pronounced "the best thing their meetings was found in the pretty here" by an enthusiastic Sunday-school Christmas ornaments-horns, stars, teacher who had lately been teaching crosses, flowers, gay Santas, and angels the graded lessons on missionary heroes, -to be used on the Christmas trees at and felt the need of such a device. the mission stations. These were cut from colored mounting-board, red pre- Even an idol shrine, the exhibit dominating, and in many cases decorproved, is capable of home manufacture. ated in gilt. In the dramatic scenes now so popular, an idol is often wanted but hard to Even the very little ones sent in get. A very good substitute can be their contribution-just simple textdevised by making a charcoal copy of cards, white squares brightened with a picture of some idol on a sheet of colored borders of kindergarten sewing, stiff cardboard, and bending the card- the center left blank for the missionary board in a backward curve at the base to write in some text of Scripture. to enable the figure to stand upright. Yet who knows but that such missives The Buddha, 28 inches high, shown in as these, made possible by little children the exhibit, was made in this fashion. a:ld bearing the Good News into re- It was enshrined. in a background of mote, unlikely corners, may not prove dark drapery and had incense sticks in the end to have been the most effec· and candles before it, together with tive method among them all? sticks topped with long streamers of colored paper, cut in fantastic shapes, CHARTS AND POSTERS AT like the paper prayers seen in Eastern NORTHFIEW temples. From a distance and in a somewhat dim light, it had almost the The importance of charts and posters effect of a large alabaster image. -things that appeal to the eye-was continually emphasized at Northfield. Samples of hand-work from the "We often hear of things going in one Woman's Board of the Reformed ear and out the other," said a delegate Church formed a notable exhibit in at one of the meetings, "but who ever themselves. There were bandages, work- heard of things going in one eye and bagS' (filled and unfilled), tiny dolls for out the other?" Another told the story Christmas trees in India, and garments of a small boy who, after seeing a chart for babies and adults cut from patterns which depicted the number of Chrisfurnished the Board by missionaries 0n tians and heathen in the world by means the field. Such things are especially of black and white circles, prayed: welcome for hospital and rescue work, "Dear Jesus, help me to be a man; and but the peculiar value of all such work when I become a man to make the black lies in the fact that many women in circle smaller and the white circle the home churches who can not give bigger." largely in money, are thus enabled to offer such gifts as they have-their time Perhaps the most striking of all the and the Jabor of their hands. many charts displayed was a drawing in black and white entitled, "In The

Grasp of Heathenism."* (See page 854.) Another striking chart was "The Some important truths were taught Hand that Rocks the Cradle Rules the World." Two hemispheres were picby means of statistical charts. Two of tured with a hand above each. Over these were as follows: the United States and Canada in the Western Hemisphere was a Christian Japan Leads the Orient mother's hand, shedding a beautiful But Whither? golden radiance; over the non-Chris- tian parts of the Eastern Hemisphere. 8,000 Students in Tokio University a heathen mother's hand cast a blac;{ 6,000 Agnostic shadow. In the sunshine were the 1,500 Atheistic words, "Rise, shine, for thy Light ;s 440 Uncertain come"; in the shadow, "To turn them 60 Christian from darkness to light."

A Comparison A very attractive poster, "l'HE MIS- In the United States SION KINDERGARTEN," designed by Miss 19,636,348 Children in School Thomson, would be equally effective for a Primary Department or for a class In India studying chapter IV. of "The Child in 12,281,000 Married Children the Midst." With the aid of pictures 481,000 Widowed Children between clipped from missionary magazines, and with gummed or Tubber-stamp letters, 5 and 15 it could be reproduced by almost any one. It was as follows: * Outlines of this chart and another called HBurdened Girlhood," drawn in pencil on cloth one yard square, can be supplied for 50 cents each by Miss B. F. Bennett, 106 Highwood Avenue Ridgewood, N. J. Anyone can follow the poocil lines with heavy marking crayon, or fill in color and letter them.

Picture of Kiltdergartm 1. This is the Mission Kindergarten.

I rJ,Chi:Jld~ -. 2. This is the child that went to the Mission Kill- I~ der.garten.

3. This is the mother won by the child That went to the Mission Kindergarten.

RFamily 4. This is the family hostile no more; Because of the mother won by the child That went to the Mission Kindergarten.

5. This is the street with neighbors galore, Street Who watched the family hostile no more, Because of the mother won by the child That went to the Mission Kindergarten.

Chapel 6. This is the chapel where gathers a throng Of people who listen to sermon and song, And come from the street of the neighbors galore, Who watched the family hostile no more, Because of the mother won by the child That went to the Mission Kindergarten.

AND LI FE DARKNf:65 ANt> DcA-1fti'

·SUFFER iHE LlTTt..E CH{LcDQeN ' . ,.'".r TO COME UNTO ME. AND FOQBiD THEM NOr" ~ "

LOVE CHRISTIAN HOME.5 PUBLIC SCHOOLS SUNDAY .5CHOOLS CHILD LlTERATUQE. PLAY GROUNDS . MOTHERS' CONGRE.55 CHILD LABOR LAW5 CHILD WELFARE -STUDY ADAPTED FROM A CHART DRAWN BY MISS THOMSON AND MISS BENNETT ADAPTED FROM A CHART DRAWN BY MISS THOMSON AND MISS BENNETT CHARTS USED TO ILLUSTRATE "THE CHILD IN THE MIDST" A Ctll LD SAVED IS A SOUL SA VE V PLUS A L,FE"

Preachers A CHART TO ILLUSTRATE "THE CHILD IN THE MIDST" Drawn by MiliS Thomson aoo Miss Bennett

OF BEST

"It wilJ be more interesting," says 2. The last scene 111 the Children's Miss Thomson, "If this chart can be Pageant given out of doors one afterput on a roller or be folded, so that noon was Mrs. Peabody's "Magic one picture can be shown after the Christmas Tree," dramatized. A large other in order-beginning with No. I." evergreen was decorated with colored balls, tinsel, and other ornaments, and THE MAGIC CHRISTMAS TREE placed in the center of the green Tho the Northfield Summer School "stage." Crowds of American children was held in July, "The Magic Christ- came running to it and danced around mas Tree" played an important part it in great glee. Then angels came alonJ three different lines as follows: and directed their attention to groups I. The welcome announcement was of heathen children scattered all around made that Mrs. Peabody's exC[uisite the grounds. The American children fable, "The Magic Christmas Tree," stopt their merry-making and after which appeared on the back cover of THE CHRISTMAS TREE PAGEANT AT NORTHFIELD E'veryland a few years ago, had been debating for a while, ran out to get reprinted in red and green and gold them. "There was real thrill in this in the form of a beauti ful Christmas last scene, when the privileged Amerifolder and could be had from any of can children ran out to bring back by the Women's Boards at ten cents a the hand each little pagan child to share copy, Missionary workers were urged in the glad festival of the Christ Child." to make large use of it as a Christmas greeting to their friends , and some one Here is something that could be suggested that the different delegates effectively used for the Christmas exerendeavor to have it on sale in the Ten cises of the Sunday-schooL The entire text of the Pageant is to be reprinted, Cent Stores in their own home towns.* but it will probably not be available for Christmas this year. But with a • Wholesale prices may be obtained by address· copy of Mrs, Peabody's… Christmas ing }.fiss M. H. Leavis, agent of the United Committeo on the Study of Foreign Missions, West Medford, Mass,

folder, anyone could work up the scene. has not been found by some wideawake 3. A Christmas chart designed by missionary worker.

Miss M. H. Leavis of West Medford, "At what hour should the meetings Mass., for use in her Sunday-school, be held ?" asked a delegate at the was also called by many delegates, "The Methods Hour one day at Northfield. Magic Christmas Tree." The idea was suggested by a story, and its purpose "In the evening," came the prompt waS' to show the comparative number response, "so we can have the young of children in the different missionary women who are engaged through the countries and the selfishness of the little day." Americans who do not share their Christmas trees with others. It con- "Very good," said another delegate; sisted of a large picture of a Christ- "but how about the mothers who can mas tree surrounded by Christmas seals not come out in the evening?" (the Santa Claus variety in common use), on the basis of one for every At the Silver Bay Conference of the 7,000,000 people. Siam had one; the Missionary Education Movement, which Philippines I; Korea 2; Japan 8; China was in session at the same time, Miss 60; India 46; Africa 18; Turkey 8; Louise Southwick of New York City Eastern Islands 5; total 149, represent·· told of a plan that offers a possible ir:.g more than 250,000,000 children. To solution of this problem. This was the this were added I3 seals and a tiny formation in the Church of the Inter- American flag for the American chil- cession (one of the Trinity Chapels dren. with a membership of about 3,000), of an evening session for business women Accompanying the chart waS' a dia- and others who can not attend meetings log made up from the story that had in the day time. suggested the whole, the parts of which were taken (in her own Sunday-school) The idea came to Miss Southwick by Miss Leavis and a small boy. As one day when a young woman, a teachthe dialog progressed, the seals for er, who was urged :to attend the each country, previously pasted to pieces meetings of the Woman's Auxiliary said of paper, were pinned to the chart. At that "if she came she would have to the close Mrs. Peabody's "Magic Christ- be terribly late, and perhaps could not mas Tree" was read as a fitting climax. make it at all." Wisely reasoning that if there was one who could not come This would make a fine number on there were probably others, Miss South· the Christmas program in the Sunday- wick went to the rector, the Rev. Milo school. The dialog is not in print, H. Gates, D.D., and unfolded to him but typewritten copies may be ordered her plan of an evening missionary meetfrom Miss Leavis at five cents each. ing for business women. He not only The chart can easily be made. gave his approval but took the trouble to make out a list of some thirty wOlpen EVENING MEETINGS FOR BUSINESS who would be eligible for an under- WOMEN taking, and sent a letter to each of them saying that such an organization With nearly a thousand women pres- was about to be formed, and giving ent at Northfield it seemed impossible it his hearty endorsement. When these always to agree as to the best methods, letters had been sent out to pave the especially as conditions in the home way, Miss Southwick followed them churches differ so widely. Yet there up with personal calls. About the are few problems for which a solution middle of January, I913, a meeting was called and the president of the Diocesan Society was invited to explain the work

OF BEST METHODS

of a Woman',s Auxiliary. All who were by the Domestic and Foreign Mission- willing to join, or who wished to have ary Society of the Protestant Episcopal notices of the meetings sent to them Church. The second is an executive were asked to place their names and session to which aU the officers must addresses on a paper that was passed go and to which the members are more around; officers were elected with Miss than welcome. All business is trans- Southwick as president; and a program acted at this meeting with the excepof work was mapped out. tion of an occasional vote on some important question. The third meeting From the beginning the Evening is devoted to social service and city Branch has prospered greatly. There mission work. were eighteen charter-members, but now the membership has grown to thirty-two, All funds collected by the Branch are As the members are exceptionally busy sent through authorized channels to women, the requirements for member- places where the members can not go ship are very slight, One college themselves. To supplement this, an woman, the principal of a private school effort is made at each social service on Riverside Drive, when asked to join, meeting to s'ecure volunteers to take up inquired "how little she could do ami some special form of city mission work. yet belong." When told that the one Thus at one meeting one of the memobligation was to pay her dues, she gave bers decided to join the "Big Sisters," her name at once. volunteering to act the part of a sister to some girl who had gone astray. In The Branch is affiliated with the this way she formed a link between the afternoon Auxiliary, and one feature society and this kind of Christian work. of the monthly program of each is a At another meeting a music teacher report of what has been done in the who is a member of the Evening other. During Lent the Evening Branch offered to play during the entire Branch sews in conjunction with the year for a settlement house connected Auxiliary. The ideal now is to form with the New York City Mission. a similar branch for men, the two tll unite for special programs. A MISSIONARY RELAY RACE At first but one meeting was helrl At Silver Bay the Misses Martha and each month, but during the past yeal Hilda Pratt, indefatigable workers in the number has been increased to three. the First Baptist Church, Bennington, At the first of these, the program is Vermont, told of an unusually succes~- along the line of the work undertaken THE· KING'S·BU5INESS· DEQUIOrs·tIASTE ENTIRE. 0 S[~W~([ FAITHFUL FCINOOTQNEESLIEGLCNIQCGAl:EHTNOETDME INTEQCE5S0QY ENTHUSIASTIC NATIVE CONCERTED YOUR REASONABLE ADAPTED FROM A CHART EXHIBITED AT NORTHFIELD

ful reading contest held in their Sun- shelf, red for the girls', these being the day-school last spring. They called it colors of the books. a "Reading Relay Race," and it was one feature of a Judson Jubilee Campaign The contest lasted six weeks. At the carried out by the Sunday-school and close it was found that the 'girls had Women's Missionary Society of the won, the score standing, boys 58, girls church. 98, total 156-a remarkable record for a school that has only about 300 mem- In this novel race the boys were bers. pitted against the girls, and it was agreed that at the close the losers Schools of other denominations may should entertain the winners. The books wish to use other books, but these two chosen were "Ann of Ava," by Ethel have the advantage of being quickly Daniels Hubbard, for the girls, and read, and of being exceedingly interest- ing. Tho the J udsons were Baptists "Judson the Pioneer," by J. Mervin they belong to all, and everyone should be familiar with the thrilling story of Hull, for the boys. Six copies of each their life and work. were purchased and a large chart representing two shelves of books, the upper SPLITTING UP THE TEXT-BOOK for the boys, the lower for the girls, The woman's text-book for this year, was hung before the school. "The Child in the Midst," makes a strong appeal to mothers and strenuous Reading Relay Race efforts are to be made to induce as Boys' Shelf many as possible to read or study it. At one of her conferences on Methods II III III II ffill for Junior Workers conducted each day at Northfield, Miss Nellie Prescott sug- Girls' Shelf gested a good plan for getting the book into the hands of women who can II I I I ! not be induced to join a reading circle 111111 – or a study class, and who claim they I have not even time to read the text- book. This is to buy a paper copy of As soon as a book was completed it it, separate it into individual chapters, was passed on to another reader as provide attractive covers tied on each quickly as' possible without waiting for chapter with ribbon, and paste a slip Sunday to come, so that it frequently of paper on the back with this request: happened that one copy of a book was "When you have read this, put your read two and (in a few cases) three initials and the date opposite your name times in one week. Each Sunday one and pass it on to the next one on the space for each book read during the list." week was filled in on the chart with Sent out by the Home Department colored crayons-green for the boys' or a special committee, many women can be induced in this way to read a single chapter if not the whole book.

The privilege of prayer is one of my most cherished possessions, because faith and experience alike convince me that God sees and answers, and His answers I never venture to criticize. It is only my part to ask. It is entirely His to give or withhold, as He knows is best. I f it were otherwise, I would not dare to pray at all. When I can neither see, nor hear, nor speak, stilI I can pray so that God call hear. When I finally pass through the valley of the shadow of death, I expect to pass through it in conversation with Him.-Dr. W. T. Grenfell,

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MISSIONADY NEWS LATIN AMERICA Romero. The children receive gratui- tously instruction, books, school sup- Slavery in Yucatan plies, needed clothing, shoes, medical A WRITER in the Christian Herald, who has lived fifteen years' in attendance and medicines, and many Yucatan, suggests that the conditions families of children receive food, peamong the Indians there might be ended if the United States Congress were to cuniary and other help, They are inprohibit the importation of the products of slave labor. He says that the native structed in trades and professions as Maya is the meekest and gentlest of all Mexican Indians; he is also held in well as in common school branches. The more cruel and hopeless bondage than the others. There are in the State of Bible is read daily without comment Yucatan some 150,000 Maya slaves, owned by about two hundred masters, and prayer is offered. Once a week who cultivate the sisal hemp, a product chiefly imported into this country. They the New .Testament is read with comgrow up under the baneful influence of lash, rum and a most un-Christian priest. ments. This has caused the opposition Under this triple system the Maya is fast going to an early grave, and some by .the Roman Catholic priests. About of them seek peace in self-inflicted death. As the Maya slave is disappear- 1,000 of the children are also enrolled ing fast, the planters import human cattle from other parts of the Mexican in Protestant Sunday-schools. republic. Twelve years ago, more than 12,000 Yaquis were shipped to Yucatan During thirteen years the schools and sold as slaves. To-day but a few hundred are alive, and these are as have enrolled 47,000 children, many of hopeless as the native Maya. whom have found employment secured The Philanthropic Schools of Palermo for them by the school workers. THESE schools were founded by Mr. 'Wm. C. Morris about fourteen No. of children who have received years ago. They were started for the clothing and shoes, which are poor children of the streets and have distributed twice a year …… 50,000 grown until they care for about 6,000 pupils a year. The cost is from $r20,- No. who have received medical 000 to $130,000 annually, and for a long attendance ……………….. 16,870 time this was raised by Mr. Morris personally. The Argentine Government No. of medical prescriptions filled 18,300 Poor children helped during their has voted a subsidy of $500 a month, convalescence …… ,………. 7,900 in spite of the opposition of Bishop Children for whom work has been obtained ……….. , ……. ,.. 2,500 Parents and relatives of the chil- dren for whom work has been obtained …………… , … ,.. 1,200 Abandoned children or small de- linquents detained by the police and for whom help has been given in the way of clothing and shoes during their deten- tion ………………. '…… 410 Prisoners helped during their de- tention and after being put at liberty …….. '…………… 140 Children who have received gra- tuitously everything necessary for their education ………… 4,200 Mr. Morris went out to Argentine as a Methodist missionary and after- ward joined the Anglican Church. He has uns-elfishly devoted all his energies to this work.

A Bolivian Inscription ippines. Two hundred and forty-six THERE is a strange inscription to be delegates registered, an increase of 132 read on the Bolivian grave of the over the previous year. These delegates pioneer missionary, Robert Lodge. T.aken represented sixteen different denomina- to a Roman Catholic hospital in Le Paz tions and were drawn from a wide on becoming seriously ill, he was con- area, covering sixteen States, Japan stantly approached by priests of that and the Philippine Islands.

faith, and was more and more urgently exhorted, as he grew weaker, to save his Home Mission Sunday-Schools A soul by entering the Church. When it NUMBER of summer schoob for the study of Home Missions were was seen that he must soon die, a group gathered in his room. Nuns in one COI'- conducted this year at various centers.

ner were praying to an image of the One of the best was the N'orthfield Con- Virgin; the Jesuit priest at the foot of ference, held in July. It was unusually the bed exhorted him; his coJIeague, Dr. ~mccessful, both in point of numbers an(t Jarrett, stood by awaiting the end. After in the interest and devotion manifested a long silence, during which his breath- "In Red Man's Land," the study book ing became slower and weaker, he sud- for the year, was taught by Miss Wood- denly sat up, and, looking straight at the berry, and the beautiful colored slides priest, made the final affirmation which and moving pictures of Indian lif~ now is written over this heretic's grave: shown by Dr. Dixon, of the Rodman "The blood of Jesus Christ cleanses us ¥anamaker expedition. Rev. Frank from all sin."-J. L. Jarrett, Colombia. Higgins presented his work among the.

NORTH AMERICA lumbermen, and addresses were given on the Italians and "The Loyal MOUll- ALaymen's Missionary Conference taineers." T the fourth summer conference of the Laymen's Missionary Movement. Evangelism by the Seaside held at Lake Geneva, Wisconsin (July OVER 200,000 people attended 29 to September 2), J. Campbell White the very successful meetings this reported that since the inception of the summer at Brighton Beach, N. Y., ill movement six years ago, the contribu- the open-air Gospel work conducted by tions of the churches to the missionary Mr. W. E. Stephens and his associates.

enterprise have more than doubled. Meetings were held on Saturdays and Still better things are expected, since Sundays from 5 to 7 p. M. Last year the men of to-day are better equipped I33.450 persons were reached.

to promote a program of more efficient The highest number of attendance missionary instruction in their churches. in anyone day was 16,625~n August The study groups at the "Lake Geneva 3ISt. These services consisted of sing- Conference discust immigration, the ing, Scripture reading and short Gos- New Home Missions, the Church of the pel talks directed to the passing throng.

Open Country, Mexico and the Call of The object was to reach the 110n- the World, and daily denominational churchgoers, and the conversions' re- meetings were followed by round table ported this year exceed last year's, amI conferences of all the groups meeting the influence of these meetings has ex- together to compare notes and discuss tended all over Brooklyn and to dis· methods. tant parts.

Vesper services were held .on t1~e Jake Occasionally a gospel bell-ringer front, addrest by missionary workers and a cornetist assisted, but the music from Japan, India, Africa and thel'hil- for the most part was simple Gospel

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singing by a large chorus on the plat- Baltimore, and it is thought by mem- form, led by soloists. bers of the Washington colony that those in authority will heed their re- The work was supported by the free- quest and grant the requisite funds. will offerings of Christians. "How to reach the masses" is a problem which Work for Chinese and Japanese seems to be solved by the Open-Air Gospel services. "How to reach the WITH the largest Chines-e popula- masses" is to go to the masses. tion of any American city, San Prohibition Progress Francisco is naturally the center of Chi- nese missionary work, with I I missions. NINE States have already adopted Fine buildings have been erected for the State-wide prohibition. Of the work of the Baptist, Congregational, other thirty-nine States so much terri- Episcopalian, Methodist and Presbyterian tory is "dry" that more than 47,000,000 missions._ The cities across the bay from of our population are now living under San Francisco, Oakland, Alameda and prohibition, the saloonless area of the Berkeley, have II missions, carried on United States being 7I per cent. by 7 denominations, twice as many in of the entire country. At the proportion to the population as in San present time five States, Washington, Francisco, but with much less equipment – Oregon, California, Colorado, and Vir- for the work. Los Angeles recently had ginia, are engaged in campaigns for 8 Chinese missions carried on by 6 de- State-wide prohibition next November. nominations, Sacramento 4, Seattle 2. -Two others, Idaho and Arizona, are planning for like campaigns. Iowa, The great centers of Japanese popula- Texas, Utah, and Florida are working tion on the Pacific Coast are Los An- to secure State-wide prohibition next geles, San Francisco and Seattle. There year. Other States are stirring in the are 7 churches and missions in Los An- matter. People are everywhere aroused, geles, and 3 more in suburban tOW!lS, and the prohibition idea advances by conducted by 7 denominations. There leaps and bounds. are 5 miss-ions in Seattle, under as many denominations. Several of the Japanese One-half of all the American people missions in Seattle are well equipped now living in license territory live in with buildings. In San Francisco and four States-New York, Pennsylvania. the Bay district, 16 churches and mis- Illinois and New Jersey_ One-fourth sions for Japanese are maintained by 8 of all the people who live in license denominations. territory live in 6 cities-New York. Chicago, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Boston "Go to Church" in Hawaii and Cleveland. One-half of all the saloons in the United States are located W ORKERS in the American Mis- in 14 cities. sionary Association report that the observance of Go-to-Church Sunday, A Mormon Temple in Washington throughout this entire field, has proved a stimulating experience. A contributor BEING without a regular place of to the Congregationalist writes from worship, a colony of ISO Mormons Hawaii: "With the advent of I914 the Go-to-Church movement in Honolulu which has grown up in Washington is began in -earnest. Its chief feature has drafting plans for the erection of a lain in getting before the people the llandsome edifice in the capital city as claims of religion. In doing this it has a branch of the Church of Jesus Christ been using modern methods." All suc- of Latter Day Saints. Mormons have cessful advertisers _.know the importance churches in Chicago, New York, ami of following up an advertisement, and

in connection with Go-to-Church Sunday it proved to be leprosy, he was banished this pertinent comment is made: "Cer- to a hut on the outskirts of the city, tainly the Christian forces of the United occupied by a Chinese leper, mutilated States are waking up on the question of hideously. He fled in terror, but was getting their wares before the eyes of pursued by the authorities and brought men by persistent advertising. The back. Another inmate of the same hut .question is, Will the churches meet this is an American who had assisted in campaign of advertising by a corres- opening a railroad in the Philippines ten ponding welcome and an enthusiastic years before the disease appeared. endeavor to make their services winsome and helpful?" A The Canadian Eskimo NEW Canadian Census Bulletin gives Lepers in the United States curious details of the Eskimo popu- lation living about Hudson Bay. Arch- RECENTLY two Bills have been deacon Renison of Moosonee, who took introduced in Congress looking to the census in his district, writes: "In the establishment of a National Lepro- calling most of them pagans it must sarium. One of these would provide be remembered that they are so in name $150,000 for a National Leprosarium on only, since all of them have their resome island. The other Bill appro- ligious books and practically everyone priates $500,000 for a Leper Home, of the age of ten can read them. the location now being specified. Heathen practises are a thing of the past. The majority of the people live By those familiar with the facts, under the most squalid conditions and are leprosy. is believed to be a serious destitute of proper clothing through national danger. The United States are the failure of the deer, which long in frequent communication through ship- ago were numerous along the east ping with countries where leprosy is coast of Hudson Bay." Sergeant Hay- widely prevalent, and inquiries have ter reported that the people in his shown that in some parts of the United district had no idea whatever of their States foreign levers have little difficulty age and they knew nothing of our .in effecting a landing and passing thence divisions of time. They are sometimes into the interior, where they are soon polyga111ists, sometimes' polyandrists. lost sight of, but where they may spread They are fond of children, but change the infection unobserved. This source the111 about, adopting some or giving of danger is stated to be rapidly in- their own away, according to convecreasing. Leprosy is known to be nience, so that it is hard to reckon comIhonin some of the foreign posses- by families.-The Churchman. sions' and dependencies of the United States-e.g., the Hawaiian Islands, the EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN Philippines (where at present some 5,000 lepers are under supervision), and A Record Year for Bibles Porto Rico. There is great need for a national leper home, where suitable care T HE British and Foreign Bible can be given to these sufferers, who are Society has closed its one hundred now often subjected to virtual perse- and tenth year. In the past year, six cution. A physician in St. Louis reports new versions of the Bible have aptwo such cases. One a man thirty-five peared in print for the first time. One years old, who had been a soldier in the is Mark's Gospel in Kopu for one of Philippines ten years before, developed the many aboriginal tribes in the a disease of the skin, of the nature of mountains of southwest China. Last which he was entirely ignorant. When autumn IO,OOO copies were delivered to the China Inland Mission. The Gos-

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pel was first used in public worship at Christian Association, which has a a harvest festival, when 400 Kopu filled membership of 3,000, in 400 branches, the chapel, each with his own copy. devotes itself particularly to evangelis- Sentence by sentence they read in tic work among the troops, both on the unison the first chapter. Mark has Continent and in England. also been given in their own tongue to the Mawken-or "Drowned-in-the-Sea," Within ten days of the actual dec- as they style themselves-a gipsy fisher laration of war the Young Men's Chris- folk of Lower Burma; and to the tribes tian Association Field Service De- among the snow peaks of Western partment was at work at more than Tibet who speak Manchad. Luke has 60 points throughout Great Britain. been published in Car Nicobarese, the The greatest possible variety of method dialect of the most populous of the is in use. One special piece of work Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal; which the Y. M. C. A. has undertaken and Matthew in Addo, a dialect of is the distribution of Testaments among Southern Nigeria; while the four Gos- the Territorials and Regular troops for pels~ at the request of the Evangelical the Pocket Testament League. This Missionary Society for German East league plans for the wise and careful Africa, have been printed in Ruanda, distribution of special copies of the the speech of 7,000,000 negroes in the Gospel of St. John to hundreds' of mountain region between Victoria thousands of soldiers and sailors, and Nyanza and Lake Tanganyika. The for the individual gift of copies of the Society's list now includes versions in entire New Testament to those soldiers 456 different tongues-the complete and sailors who would agree to carry Bible in 112 languages, the New Tes- the Testaments with them and read at tament in III more languages, and at least one chapter daily. least one book of Scripture in 233 other languages. The total issues for the THE CONTINENT year 1913-14 were 8,958,233 copies-an increase of over a million compared I The Prussian State Church with the previous year. In embossed N view of the position of Germany type for the blind, the Society has pub- in the present European war, special lished or circulated the Scriptures in interest attaches to an article in a 35 different languages. recent issue of the Hibbert Journal, regarding the withdrawal movement Salvation Army Sends Out Workers from the State churches. Since the first of January, 1908, in Berlin alone, GENERAL BOOTH recently dedi- 31,967 Protestants, 5,029 Roman Cath- cated a party of 102 officers for serv- olics and 196 Jews have notified such withdrawal. The formality of withice in India, the Dutch Indies, Korea, drawing involves no little personal Japan, Holland, Canada, South Africa, trouble and loss of time, besides the New Zealand, South America, France, social stigma attached to it. Those Malta, and Gibraltar. This is the larg- baptized in the church must formally est party ever sent out at one time by declare their withdrawal before a State the Army, and over 75 are going to India. official, otherwise they must pay the church tax, if their incomes exceed British Troops and the Gospel a certain sum. The writer calls the Prussian State Church little more than T HE departure of British troops for a link in a social and political chain, the front was the call to service a constituent element in the State orfor the various agencies which concern ganization, but one which only reflects themselves with the moral and spiritual welfare of the men. The Soldiers'

a part of the heart of the nation. It Poles, mostly Roman Catholics, are not is the political-religious side of Preus- particularly susceptible. to Pan-Slav sentum, and he thinks that the working propaganda, as that is largely Russian class is becoming increasingly convinced and Orthodox. that Christianity has moved somewhat from its primitive ideals and has been Altogether the Dual Moriarchy conmisused to bolster up the Prussian tains 5,500,000 inhabitants of Cerb State idea.-The Churchman. race, divided between Islam and two Christian creeds.

Polyglot Population of Austria The Religion of Suicides ACCORDING to the most recent THE Imperial Statistical Bureau of authoritative statistics the racial Berlin publishes the averages of question in Austria-Hungary is much more complicated and diversified than death by suicide per 100,000 people is usually to be explained in reference among different religious and nonbooks. In the kingdoms and provinces religious sections of the German nation. represented in the Reichsrath in Vienna The ratio is as follows: there are nearly 10,000,000 Germans and 18,500,000 non-Germans. Of these Among Moravians, Mennonites, etc. 1 nearly 17,500,000 are Slavs. Among Among Protestants ……………. 31 these Slavs, the Croats and Serbs num- Among Catholics ……………… 37 Among Jews …………………. 40 Among the religionless, especially ber 780,000, chiefly in Dalmatia, while – among Socialists ……………. 605 there are in all 666,000 Orthodox and Revival in Bulgaria nearly 3,500,000 Greek Uniats. In Hungary, with its subject kingdoms of "N OTHING like the present SpIrI- Croatia and Slavonia, there are 10,000,- tual awakening has ever occurred 000 Magyars, 2,000,000 Germans, and in the history of evangelical Chris- 8,000,000 other non-Magyars. Of these tianity in this country," writes Dr. E 3,000,000 are Rumanians and well over E. Count, from Sofia, Bulgaria, under 5,000,000 Slavs. The Croats, or Roman date of August 29th. "Over 60 have Catholic Serbs, number 1,800,000 and joined our Methodist Church in this their Orthodox brothers are I,roO,ooo city since February, and on the Sofia in number. All told, Hungary has District more than ISO new members nearly II,OOO,OOO Roman Catholic sub- are recorded."

jects, 2,000,000 Greek Uniats, and Restrictions Abolished in Russia 3,000,000 Orthodox. In this connection S it should be remembered that the EVERAL months ago the Review referred to the hostility of the Patriarchate of the Orthodox Serb Church has been fixt at Karlowitz, Greek Church officials to the Baptists under Hungarian rule, for over two in Russia, and the action taken by the centuries. In Bosnia there are 434,000 Government against Rev. Mr. Fetler.

Roman Catholic Croats, 825,000 Ortho- Since the outbreak of the war, the dox Serbs and over 600,000 Bosniaks, 1:orrespondent of the Reuter Telegram or Moslem Serbs. Thus, it will be Company at St. Petersburg has re- seen that the Emperor Francis Joseph ported that the Russian authorities are rules over more than 25,000,000 Slavs abolishing previous restrictions against and 3,225,000 Rumanians, of whom the holding of prayer-meetings by nearly 4,500,000 adhere to various Or- Baptists, and that the Baptists are thodox churches and 5,400,000 are opening hospitals in Kiev, Odessa and Uniats. Of this Slav mass 5,000,000 St. Petersburg.

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Stamping Out the Drink Curse political unrest. Here the war-call of my earthly king suddenly reached me, NEWS was recently published from which I must obey early in the morn· St. Petersburg, to the effect that ing. Unfortunately, I have not time enough for a complete report. Everyan order from the Czar to his army, where there is an earnest longing for dealing with the drink evil had just salvation in Christ; everywhere I had been issued. Drunkenness is to be to promise either· to return or to send ruthlessly stamped out. Officers are a secretary. The harvest is ready at forbidden to drink in camp, on ma- the door, and the Christian Endeavor neuvers or while on any duty with Society has great problems in the their men. All classes of drunkenness Balkans. The Lord Jesus· will bring it are to be dealt with in the severest out right, even without my service, manner. Commanding officers are since I must now go to the war. It ordered to discourage as much as pos- is bitter that I must now go with sible the drinking of alcohol, and weapons against those to whom a few medical officers are to deliver lectures weeks ago I preached of the Lord of periodically on the harmful effects of Peace. God make me strong." alcohol. Russia is looked upon as benighted, out when have governments MOSLEM LANDS taken action to teach the people the harmful effects of alcohol? Apart from An Encounter with Brigands the schools, no effort has been made by American authorities to let the people DR. W. N. CHAMBERS of Adana. know the facts revealed by science. In England, France and Germany, great while on his way to the annual efforts are made by means of bulletins, meeting of the Central Turkey Mission posters, and other ways, to warn people was "held up" by brigands four hours of the danger in the use of alcoholic out from Hadj in. He says: liquors. The results, as far as we can judge, show that more good is accom- "The distressing and tragical part of plished by teaching than by prohibition. it was the shooting of the soldier de- Here the teaching is left to private tailed to act as guard to the party. He enterprise which is very spasmodic and was beside me, and seeking cover for does not carry the weight or influence resistance was shot through the breast of governmental authority. and dropt dead. This was within a minute after we were halted and found The Pathos of the War ourselves in the hands and at the mercy of six or eight brigands. They searched A PATHETIC letter addrest to Dr. the others of the party-three Arme- Francis E. Clark, of the Christian nians from Hadjin-and would take Endeavor Society, by a teacher in nothing from me, tho I offered money Croatia, Austria, who devotes his sum- to induce them to deal mercifully with mers and all his free time to Christian one of my companions."-Miss.ionary Endeavor work, is one of those side- Herald. lights on the war which give it its vital human significance. This teacher A Boy Sultan in Persia writes: SULTAN AHMED SHAH KATAR. "For four weeks I have borne the the boy of seventeen who occupies Christian . Endeavor banner through the Balkans. I was obliged to cut .off the throne of Persia, took the oath and fourteen days' of the journey planned, was crowned in Teheran, his capital, and hasten home on account of the in July. Advancing to the table in front of the platform 111 the Parliament House, he placed his hands on the Koran, and in ~

loud voice took the oath. He then is need of more forceful and cultured proceeded to the neighboring Sipah- men in the native pastorate who may suc- Salar Mosque where the Ulama and cessfully address their fellow country- the principal religious dignitaries were men-Indian Christian scholars, nur- assembled. Here he returned thanks tured in the varied learning of the and offered prayers to Allah for the East and West, who will interpret the prosperity of his country and his reign. practical West to the philosophical East, At 5 P. M. the coronation took place and will be able to show that the re- in the palace, the king placing the ligion of Christ is in accord with the crown upon his own head, while the best sentiments of India's best minds. Ulama acclaimed him king, intoning ill The college is the first example of sonorous, guttural tones the Arabic different missionary societies in India formula: cooperating· in theological instruction. Six Foreign Mission Boards, Scotci1 Fearless Dealings with Moslems Presbyterian, English Congregational, Danish Lutheran, English Wesleyan, T HE fact that the Presbyterian Mis- American Reformed, and American sion schools in Persia have been Congregational, have representatives on organized primarily to make Christians the college council. Four European does not seem to frighten Moslems professors and one Indian professor away from them. Of more than 1,000 constitute the faculty. Buildings at an such in attendance 700 are paying tui- expense of $47,000 are being erected. tion fees. All are required to study These consist of a college hall with the Bible, and in only three of the classrooms and library, a hostel for unthirteen is Friday (the Moslem Sah- married students, two small bungalows bath) given as a holiday. Miss Stock- for married students, and a residence ing tel1s in the Moslem World, a good for the principal. The sum of $33,000 story of one of the missionaries in has already come from Europe, chiefly Resht who was summoned before a from England, for the building fund. magistrate. The fol1owing dialog The remaining $14,000 are rightly exdeveloped: pected from America.

Official.-"We hear that you have Lowering the Flag of Paganism been inviting Moslems to become Christians." A STRIKING incident is related by Rev. William Peters, of the North Missionary.-HIt is true.' ' India Methodist Mission: "Recently I Off.-"Whom do you invite?" visited the work on Ujhani Circuit, Miss.-HI invite you, sir." where lives an old Hindu more than The official gave no more trouble.- seventy years of age. All his life he Record of Christian Work. had been an idolater and had done everything in his power to prevent the INDIA spread of Christianity. He built a great heathen altar in front of his A Unique Miuioaary lnatitution house and hoisted over it a large pagan banner. Revival meetings were held T HE first class of eight students by the. Christians in his village. The graduated from the United Theo- power of God took hold of his soul logical College of Sont:iLlndia a~ ancl he pulled down his flag, broke Ion at Bangalore have all beelL called to down the altar, and with his heart acpositions of usefulness as tbeffltJgirnJ cepted JesuS' Christ as .his Savior." teachers, pastors, and evangetists: in the Indian church. The need of an institn- tion such as this is great, for So~ India and Ceylon contairr half the Protes- tant Christian population of India. There

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America'. Costly Gift to India not merely protected Christians from insult or injury in his own province, D R. HUME, speaking at the cen- but who quietly conveyed to Washing- tenary celebration of the American ton news, upon the strength of which Board Mission in India, estimated the was determined the despatching of number of earnest, educated sons and troops to safeguard the legations. Since daughters of North America, who had then Yuan haS' done many things for given their lives to India in the past which Christian propagandists are 100 years, at not less than 40,000. This grateful. But his open acquiescence in gift of good women and men by one the advance of Christianity in China country to another with which it has is shown in his manly decision, in the no political and little commercial re- face of political intrigue, that China lation is, he declares, unparalleled in shall not revert to the reactionary ranks history, and unparalleled in its spiri- of nations shackled by the bonds of tual, intellectual and social value. state religions.-Men and Missions (N. Y.). HTTen Nationalities at One Altar HERE are commonly ten nation- Optimism in West China alities and combinations of nationalities represented at the family altar BISHOP LEWIS, of the Methodist of the mission house at Pegu, Burma, Church in West China, writes that the political conditions are much more viz., Canadian, American, Tamil, Te- settled than they were a year ago. "Among a few," he says, "there may lugu, Hindustani, Panjabi, Burmese, be a slight opposition to Yuan Shih Chinese, Karen and Chino-Karen. Kai. But the people are loyal to the These are all resident on the compound central government and do not want except the Panjabi mater who happens trouble. They seem to be satisfied with to come for work at that hour, and the present situation. The epidemic being a Christian takes part in the of robbery, reported a year ago, apt family devotions. What will be the pears to have been entirely checked." product of the amalgamation of all With the new Civil Governor of these races'?"-Indian Witness. Szechuen, Chen Tin-chieh, in cordial sympathy with the Church's work-tho CHINA not himself a professing Christian- with the people at peace, and the p Religion and Politics Church making rapid strides, Bishop RESIDENT YUAN SHIHKAI Lewis believes the situation in West has dissipated all doubts as to China to be 1110st promising. freedom of worship and of religious belief in the new Republic. He has T Plea for Methodist Union issued a mandate explaining the mean- HERE is undoubtedly much to be ing and force of his previous announce- gained by the organic union of the ment regarding the restoration of Con- Chinese members of the various Methfucianism as China's system of social odist bodieS' operating in China. So ethics. The mandate guarantees re- many different churches, so many difligious freedom and declares: "No State ferent names, so many different sysreligion will be introduced, as under the tems of doctrine. and church polity, Ching dynasty, since religious freedom necessarily produce no little confusion corresponds with the system of repub- and uncertainty in the minds of the licanism." Yuan Shih Kai has long Chinese. This is bad enough when we been the friend of the missionary and consider only the great main divisions the native Christians. Back, in the days of the Boxer troubles. it was Yuan Shih Kai, then a powerful viceroy, who

among the denominations, as the Pres- church, and schools, and preachers, ana byterians, Methodists, Baptists, Angli- teachers, and I always go to church cans, etc. But when each of these and am diligent in learning the doc- main divisions is subdivided into nu- trine."

merous smaller bodies, the Chinese are What May Come to Pass at a loss to know the reason for it, and it makes confusion worse con- W ILL China some day send misfounded. Further, there can be no sionaries to America? We can doubt that our work could be adminis- not believe it, says the Christian Obtered much more economically, both as server (Southern Presbyterian), but a to men and money, if we were united high Chinese official says it will be so. into one organic body. The mission- The rapid advance of Christianity in aries need not necessarily belong to mission lands suggests this. The sugthe Chinese Church. They could main- gestion is emphasized by the comtain their connection with the home paratively sluggish progress of religion, Church, as is the case in Japan. Bilt or its actual decline in Christian lands. that the Chinese members shouM be As indicating growth in foreign lands united into one body is a consumma- it appears from the last reliable census tion devoutly to be wished. There arc of India that there are now 3,896,000 to-day perhaps 70,000 or more Metho- Christians in India, twelve for each dist Christians in China. What a thousand of population. The American strong body these would make if they Methodist Mission in India baptized were all united into one organization. 30,000 persons in I9I2, and 40,000 in -China Christian Advocate. I9I3. Thousands registered their names for baptism, but could not receive the Result of a Medical Journey required instruction because of lack of workers. The work of other de- DR. D. DUNCAN MAIN, of Hang- nominations is correspondingly pros- perous. The Presbyterian Church in chow hospital, relates. the follow- China is preparing to organize a ing as an illustration of the text, "Cast General Assembly. 60,000 Presbyterians thy bread upon the waters": are ready to enter this organization. Other denominations enjoy similar An old patient who lives in a little prosperity. country place twenty miles distant, that 'we used to visit on Saturdays, for healing and preaching, some years ago, writes: "I live at Kuchang, in Yu'ang-. An Appeal from Honan and my name is Li Kya-Chen, and I THREE years ago the gentry oi am 74 years of age. A long time ago, Chow Kiakan, Honan, presented a in the reign of Kwang Dzu, you came petition to the China Inland Missions here to heal, and preach the 'Happy asking for a hospital. They are still Sound.' At that time I only thought awaiting an answer. The city has a of my disease. Now I know that your population of 225,000, and the sur- coming here was not only to cure our rounding district is well populated.

diseases, but to cllre our souls, because A great opportunity is thus presented the doctrine of Jesus has got into my for reaching these people. The peti- heart and that is the most important tion expresses appreciation of the work, thing of all. I have offended against and in oriental language the writers God and you; but most fortunately Goel say that they "turn with earnest desire has forgiven me while I am alive, and toward the open door of the Mission I thank you for what you did for me. Book Room, as the Sunflower turns to- We have had now for some years a ward the Sun."

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS 87

JAPAN-KOREA think of allowing his new official duties to interfere with the indorsement of the A Methodist School in Kobe Sunday-school convention to which he had committed himself. THE Kwansei Gakuin, founded 25 years ago at Kobe by Bishop W. I An Anglican Mission to Lepers N the September, 1913, issue of The R. Lambuth, has proved to be one of Spirit of Missions appeared an ac- the great missionary institutions of count of the work done among lepers at learning in the Orient. Good buildings Kumamoto, Japan, under the leadership have been erected, the student body of Miss Riddell. At that time she was in all departments numbers more tha~ earnestly praying that a priest might 1;le 700. It is a union Methodist institu- moved to help in the enterprise. The tion, the Methodist Church of Canada May issue of The Mission Field, the having united with the Southeru official organ of the S. P. G., says: Methodist as full partners. In Octo- ber, the 25th anniversary was cele- "The S. P. G. is to be privileged to brated on an extensive scale. share in the work among the lepers at Kumamoto, Japan, the committee having The Premier Stands for Religion made a grant toward defraying the ex- penses of the Rev. A. S. Hewlett, the – COUNT OKUMA, the venerable pre- Vicar of St. Paul's Church, Tranmere, mier who has recently succeeded to Birkenhead, who is resigning his living in order to devote himself to work the headship of the government in J a- among lepers. The leper settlement is pan, continues in his high office to show not very far from the scene of the the same practical concern in the relig- great volcanic eruption. In a letter just ious life of his people which he hag received from Miss Riddell, the foun- manifested for years as private citizen dress of the work among lepers in and university president. Tho he Japan, she writes: 'The Sunday after has thus far in his career refrained from the first eruption our lepers, sixty-six in actual indorsement of Christianity, in number, brought me all the money they an address which he delivered recently could make up between them, four shil- in Tokyo at the dedication of the dormi- lings and a farthing, and asked me to tory for the Chinese Y. M. C. A., the send it to any Christians among the Count used the following significant lan- sufferers as a little thank-offering for guage: "The fatal defect in the teach- the great Love which was preserving ings of the great sages of Japan and them from need and anxiety in this time China is that while they dwelt with of their physical affliction. I know that virtue and morale they did not suffi- it was not only the "widow's mite," but ciently dwell on. the spiritual nature it was the lepers' all.''' of man. And every nation th:lt neglects the spiritual, tho it may Christianity in Korea flourish for a time, must eventually decay. The origin of modern civiliza- THE president of the Japanese Y. M. tion is to be found in the teachings uf C. A. at Seoul is Judge Watanabe. the Sage of Judea, by whom alone the necessary moral dynamic is supplied." the founder and head of the judicial Vhen Count Okuma became Premier, it system in Korea. The church statistics was expected that he would resign from for 1913 have just been completed. the arrangements committee of the The following comparative tables will World's Sunday-school Convention. indicate to some extent the growth of which is to meet in Tokyo in 1916. But Christianity during that period. he expressly declared that he would not

1913 1912 AFRICA Adult Baptisms …… . 6,848 6,089 The Coptic Church in Egypt Communicants ……. . 80,383 73,226 Total Church Members 98,325 90,400 ABOUT 6 per cent. of the popula- Organized Churches .. 857 tion of Egypt, or some 670,000 Churches, Self-support- 831 persons, we are told, belong to the Coptic Church. They constitute a dis- ing ……………. . 182 186 tinct community, with their own schools, Churches, Partly Self- cemeteries and civil laws. While only 645 4 per cent. of the Moslem popUla- supporting ……… . 675 1,280 tion can read and write, more than IO Preaching Places …. . 1,256 per cent. of the Copts can do so. Ordained Ministers, Jap- 702 The Copts in the cities are clever mer- chants and the number of extremely anese ………….. . 728 652 wealthy Coptic families has consider- Unordained Ministers ably increased. The Egyptian Protes- 106,580 tants are largely persons who have and Helpers ……. . 732 abandoned the Church of the Copts, 318,987 but there is no such chasm between S. S. Scholars and them as between Protestantism and Teachers . . . . . . . . . .. 108,495 Romanism. Protestants feel a sense of historical relationship to the ancient Amount contributed by church, desire its reformation, contri- Japanese ……. Yen 374,538 bute to its schools and church con- struction, attend its congresses. Ameri"- $187,269 $169,493 can missionaries are invited repeatedly to speak in Coptic churches. This has One of the most interesting features gone so far that the solemn ritualistic of the Student Young Men's Chris- services on Good Friday have been tian Association work in Korea is the suspended, and Mr. Reed, a Presby-o sending forth of evangelistic groups terian clergyman, invited in to give which preach the Gospel in the neigh- an exposition of the Scriptures. Great boring villages and country districts, numbers of Coptic laymen and school often where no preaching has ever been teachers and some Coptic priests have heard. One Association reported that been educated in American Presby-· during the year they have raised money terian schools and cherish the friendto send a missionary to an island 1,500 liest feelings for the evangelical church. li distant. His work has resulted in There is, further, a distinct movement many conversions among the islanders. of reformation in the ancient church of Egypt-an advancing use of the What a Student Y. M. C. A. Can Report Arabic colloquial in place of the un- intelligible Coptic, an increasing use of THE report of the Student Secre- the Scriptures in the services, more tary in Korea, Mr. Choi Sung Mo, preaching and Bible exposition, growth contains the following paragraph: of schools for girls, and other work "From last June to April of this year for women. The development of Sun- I have been able to lead 272 men to day-schools in the Coptic churches is decide to accept Jesus Christ as their proposed as the most promising way of Savior. A number of these are in my transforming it in an evangelical sense. Bible classes and 76 of them are now There could hardly be a more certain known to be in regular attendance at guaranty of a Reformed Church of the church. It was my duty to deliver the Gospel both in public and in private and to visit the sick. I have done what I could as the time permitted, and I trust that the work of my Master has been promoted by my services." Mr. Choi Sung Mo leads 16 different Bible classes, two of which are composed entirely of students from non- Christian private schools, while two other number among their enrolment some 60 Government school students.

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Egypt than a widespread movement of ther evangelization of the subjects of this kind. 'King' Lukengu, the well-known Kongo A Typical Moslem Region chief. Not long ago, Ibanche station A CORRESPONDENT writes to the Christian Standard from Algiers: chose seven of the very best and "After a three-months' sojourn in the land of Islam I am more profoundly strongest native preachers (unordained. convinced than ever of the power of a false religion to mar the happiness of course) that they have, and sent and destroy the prosperity of mankind. This land is, in parts, as beautiful as them to the most strategic remote vilthe Garden of Eden, yet everywhere it yields tokens of the curse of Islam. The lages of Lukengu's country. Two of memories of this land, it seems to me, will always reawaken the threnody of them went to the tribe called the Bangwail and sob that swept down upon us from the minarets the last night we endi, a tribe never before touched by spent in B1ida. A few days ago we walked through 'the Casbah in Algiers. Protestant teachers, with the exception The Casbah is that part of the city where the Arabs live. It was an ex- of one very brief visit of two missionperience to make' one's heart sad. The Casbah has been called a human rabbit- aries of the Presbyterian Missions. warren. The streets are so narrow that, in many places, one might stand Until the arrival of these young African in the middle and touch the walls on either side. Here the natives live and Protestants in those villages, the name work and trade. Foodstuffs-the very sight of which was nauseating-were of Christ had never been heard. Not on sale in alleys, where the smells proclaimed the deadly pollution of the one word of God's message to men had atmosphere. Dark passages, narrow stairways and doors in unexpected ever reached them. This is, indeed, places suggested a labyrinth as intricate, dangerous and mysterious as pioneer evangelization, and these young the catacombs. The people who haunted these abodes, mostly shrouded umpeon~ with their wives', will be called in white, were silent and sad, as tho to endure many trying hardships. they might be corpses wandering from their tombs. Islam knows no pity for Indeed, they have already reported such the poor,. the ignorant and the opprest. Islam cares not for sanitation nor for discouraging facts as the cold indifferthe uplift of humanity. Islam means degradation, stagnation and desolation." ence of the people to the Gospel mes- From the Kongo Region sage, the superstitious fear of the Gospel MR. PLUMER writes from Lusambo, by many, and the tremendous power of Kongo Beige :-"Ibanche station, of our African mISSIon, has lately taken a Fetichism over the mass of the people. very important step forward in the fur- With this heathenism on the one hand and Roman Catholicism on the other, these forces of Christ must have a severe and long struggle before the victory is won. "

A Promising Mission Field ARECENT traveler vividly pictures the opportunity in the Kassai valley of the Kongo State. "There is no mis- sion field more full of promise, more' urgent in its needs, than is the great Kassai valley and the adjoining Lunda plateau. The Bakete, numbering 20,000, are all accessible and at the doors of the great church at Luebo. The Bakuba, numbering, perhaps, 400,000. lying north of the Luebo, in the great Sankuru-Kassai peninSUla, have thrown open their doors, and already one sta- tion has been planted among them. The Bashilange, numbering over 1,000,- 000, lying to the south of Ndombe, are ready to have the Word.

The Christian King of Uganda ceremony, however interesting; that it is not only entailed from below but OCTOBER 5th was the day chosen committed from above; and that in for the crowning of Dauda Chwa, facing responsibility the Kabaka may the day on which, in 1889, the com- rely on the earnest prayers of his bined Christian forces of Uganda, people.-C. M. S. Gazette. Protestants' and Roman Catholics, re- entered the capital after their final Great Growth in a Hard Field victory over the Mohammedan party. Uganda Notes for June says: "The THE Swedish Mission in Abyssinia celebration of October 5th as 'Peace counted in 1897 5 stations, 300 con- Day' has already become an established verts, 20 native evangelists, and 90 institution in Uganda. The cqoice of pupils in one mission school. To-day such a day for the coronation is a there are 10 stations, 2,000 converts', happy augury to mark the beginning 75 native evangelists, 10 native school of a rule that shaH know no respect teacherS', 1,305 pupils in 5 boardingof persons, but labor untiringly for the schools and 50 day schools in the vilhighest good of all. Three distinct lages. There is a hospital in full celebrations will mark the coming of operation and a press which is printing age of the Kabaka. The fi.rst, which in Ethiopian, Amaric, Tigrigna, Tigre, will take place on Saturday, August 8th, Cunama, Galla and Swahili. Two hunwill be the civil ceremony, when the dred hymns have been translated into authority to rule will be formally trans- the Tigrigna tongue and are uS'ed in ferred from the three Regents, who the mission schools. have hitherto borne the burden of government, to the Kabaka. The sec- OCEAN WORLD ond native ceremony will take place on Friday, August 14th, when the Kabaka The Marsden Centenary will sit for the first time in his Lukiko, or Council, and the great chiefs will T HE very existence of the now come forward to swear allegiance to flourishing Dominion of New Zeahim. Both of these ceremonies will land is due to the faith and courage take place in the capital. The third, of the Rev. Samuel Marsden, who went or religious ceremony, will be at Budo, fearlessly among the ferocious Maoris on Monday, October 5th. For the first of those cannibal islands. The mission time in the history of the country a of the Church Missionary Society which Christian king will sit on the throne he founded on Christmas Day, 1814, of Uganda. With a Christian king tamed the race; and subsequently in much of the older ceremonies connected poured the colonists. The British occuwith a native coronation will be out of pancy is, therefore, in a large measure place. Where it is inextricably en- due to the labors of Samuel Marsden tangled with pagan customs and beliefs and other early missionaries. Christit is' inevitable that it should pass with mas Day next will be the one hundredth them, but it is earnestly to be hoped anniversary of the first day on which that to the furthest extent possible all a public Christian service was held in ancient customs which are not clearly New Zealand, and it is proposed to repugnant to civilized and Christianized mark the event in that country by a feelings will be retained. But, above special series of commemorative serall, it is important that, at such a time, vices and gatherings. The centenary the transfer of responsibility is seen to celebrations will begin on December be something far more than a civil' r r, with a large public meeting in the Auckland Town HaiL On Christmas Day there will be a service of Holy

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Communion at, or near, the Marsden submitted to the voters at the next Cross-the identical spot where the election: "Religious Instruction in first service was held. Schools; Referendum Scheme of In- struction. . Provision to be made for Christian Newspaper in Borneo the reading in public schools, within school hours, of selected Bible lessons THE German missionaries in Borneo from a reading book to be provided by publish a monthly paper, under the the Education Department; such read- title Brita Bahatap, or "Good News." ing to be conducted under the super- It is said that the number of sub- vision of the public school teachers, scribers at I20 guIders grows from but no sectarian teaching to be allowed. week to week, and the native Chris- Provision to be made for religious intians send in their contributions to ap- struction to be given within school pear in the columns of the paper along- hours to children by a minister of their side that of the editors. The prospect own denomination, or by an accredited is that the publication will shortly be substitute. Any parent to have the self-supporting. Devotional articles, news right, if he chooses to do so, to withof the mission field, Bible readings, and draw his child from the Bible-reading, so forth, make up the contents month or from the religious instruction, or by month, and a number of the con- from both." tributions by natives have really been of unusual merit. That the Christians A Leper Cure in the Philippines of the island should thus speak to those of their own race and tongue is speci- W HEN the Americans went into the ally valuable. The Dayaks are strong Philippines they discovered that on poetry-of the epic kind, such as the Filipinos were not taking proper are the ancient poetic writings of care of their lepers. The Bureau of Germany and England. The longer the Health, under Dr. Victor G. Heiser, better, would seem to be their thought set aside Culion, one of a small group in their utterances-seventy stanzas of of southern islands about a day's sail six lines each is nothing special for from Manila. It had three or four them; and in these they will sing the fishing villages on it, of which the whole history of missions in the island largest was Culion village. Its inafter the manner of their old hero habitants were transferred to nearby songs. Every station and every mis- islands, and the site of the old town sionary is brought into these. The of Culion was taken for the new leper natives are specially interested in all colony. The idea of the establishing that is published concerning the outside of Culion Colony was, of course, evenworld. Particularly was this the case tually to eliminate the disease from concerning the late Turkish war, for the Philippines. Over 8,000 lepers have the paper presented true reports and been in the colony in the past eight contradicted the false ones of the Mo- years. All have come voluntarily and hammedans on the island. Even some are happy in their well-ordered colony. Mohammedans are among the readers. The clinical diagnosis of leprosy has -Evangelical Christian. become so scientific that cases are much more readily identified in incipiency. The Bible in New Zealand School. A probable cure for leprosy has been THE people of New Zealand will found in a hypodermic injection of soon be called upon to vote on a Chalmuga oil, mixed with camphor. Six referendum providing for the reading cases have been reported cured, having of the Bible in public schools. Tht' shown no signs of the disease, either following is the text of the proposal

microscopically or clinically for two lawsuits between the French and the years. Two hundred others seem prac- natives, which resulted in what he tically cured and others are undergoing considers the unjust imprisonment of treatment. a teacher and others.

There is one phase of the colony-life MISCELLANEOUS we should not have pictured of ourselves, and yet which must inevitably What Appeals to Volunteers be present as long as lepers are just human beings. That is to say, CuEon, DR. CLIFFORD of London tells of like any other community, is not sociologically ideal. It has clas's distinction, an English college which was visit.. pronouncedly, and beneficially, too, in ed by a minister seeking volunteers for a some cases. Many a leper, altho of mission-field in India. He assured the good family, enjoyed none of the bene- young men that the work was not diffifits of his station in his former manner cult, that they would live in a pleasant of life, being outcast and often isolated, society, 'have good homes, and enjoy but here he can take his proper place the services of plenty of servants. Noamong other lepers of his better-born body offered to go. But a little while class, and after the fashion of man- later another mission worker came to kind, his vastly increased importance in the school seeking men to go out to the his own eyes has its good effects upon Kongo. The places that he wanted to his health and entire outlook. He is fill were vacancies left in the force by at last Somebody-and that means much death, and the recruiting officer said to human nature. bluntly to the students: "It will most likely mean death to you, too." Imme- Perils in the New Hebrides diately six men offered themselves for service. GREAT as have been the changes OBITUARY among the people of the South Seas since Dr. John G. Paton began Dr. C. H. Daniels of Boston his life among them, there are still some places where cannibalism pre- THO it is over ten years since vails. A recent letter from Mr. Fred Rev. Charles H. Daniels, D.D., re- Paton reports that "the Malekulan bushmen have had many of their num- signed, because of failing health, from ber kidnapped by French recruiters. his active connection with the American In revenge they murdered and ate a Board, his long and particularly efficient boat's crew, and sent word to all service as Secretary is responsible for natives not to act as crews for re- the fact that his recent death seems cruiting ships. Dr. Sandilands is mis- a direct loss to that body. During the sionary of Wala and N. Malekula, fifteen years of his secretaryship-, the Some of his finest natives went to a forward movement, which provides for bush village by appointment to hold the support of individual missionaries service. The bushmen killed his four by churches and personal contributors, leading men and two boys, and ate five the system of interesting Sunday-schools of them. The rest escaped by a mir- in the work of the Board and the daily acle, one being wounded. It has been noon service of prayer at the Board a severe blow to the mission work, as Rooms were all begun. His earnest the four were outstanding men." faithfulness, his devotion to the work in all its' phases and his tact are per- Mr, Paton writes also of a volcanic haps the qualities which his colleagues outbreak on the island of Ambrin, of remember best.-Missionary Herald.

Among Baptists. By Re~. and "keeping tab on providence"

A. L. Vail, D,D. 140 pages. Amen- disapproved; can Baptist Publication Society, Phila. 50 cents, net. (5) System; while desirable, its This is one of three historical studies justification is not in the New Testa- ment passage usually quoted in favor by Dr. Vail, the other two being "The of it (1. Cor., 16:2). System is apt to Morning Hour of American Baptist "supplant spirit" and "machines replace Missions," and "Baptists Mobilized for men." Missions." The historical character of this last volume is not so marked as in (6) Simplicity (Matthew 6: 3); the other two, for there was evidently (7) Spontaneity; not so much "history" in the subject of (8) Symmetry; stewardship among Baptists as was (9) Equality. found regarding the discussion leading to the establishment of agencies for The methods tested by these prinmissionary work. The fact is revealed ciples are summarized as follows: Hapthat in the early days of religious life hazard; Competitive; Self-denial; in America Baptists did only about as Thank-offering; Fixt percentage. The well in the matter of giving as other false bases underlying these methods people. The book is really a discussion are discust and better ways are of the general problem of Christian pointed out. The author does not stewardship, and will have as much hesitate to disapprove the tithe, the interest for others as' it has for Bap- apportionment and other well-known tists. devices. The entire discussion is in- teresting and, in parts, unique. It will Dr. Vail is out of sympathy with prove stimulating to one's thought on many if not all of the modern "methods" this vita! question of stewardship. The employed for "raising money." He closing words are: tests all these methods by nine "principles" which he considers in detail as "Every church is under the most follows: strenuous responsibility to avoid every method of securing fund, which may (I) Totality; the Christian holds all seem to reputable people beneath the that he has in trust; highest standards of integrity and dig- nity; and equally to use only those (2) Personality; possessions can not methods that are respectable accordingbe separated from life-from the pos- to Christ as indicated in those prinsessor; ciples which he has announced in the New Testament. The only way of life (3) Responsibility; all giving should for a church is to give the Gospel to be in harmony with this principle as the world, and other things in strict applied to the individual and to his pro- subserviency to this service; and to ask vision for those for whom he is re- nothing from the world but repentance sponsible; toward God, faith in the Lord It-sus (4) Prosperity; giving in proportion to getting is advocated, but a rigid rule

Christ, and obedience to Him. When the basis of the obligation. He holds it goes beyond that it goes into the that there is need of a change in the mist and the mire.'" appeal to meet the attitude of modern The Gods of India. By Rev. E. Osborn thought. Many will not agree with Dr. Martin. Pp. 330. Illustrated. Price Garvie in his concessions to modern rationalistic thought, but they will sym· 4s. 6d. ]. M. Dart & SOilS, Ltd., pathize with his loyal adherence to the London and Toronto, 1914.

Rev. E. Osborn Martin, who was for claims of Christ as the Divine Savior thirteen years a Wesleyan missionary and Lord. These lectures may not be in India and Ceylon, describes the de- commended without caution, but they are velopment of Hindu mythology; the worthy of study, as presenting the introduction of the practises of pil- standpoint of the newer theological grimage, idolatry, and caste; and de- views.

votes one chapter to the Sacred Books of the Hindus. Then he deals with the Missionary Programs and Incidents. By Vedic Deities worshiped by Aryan settlers, with the Puranic Deities, the Rev. George H. Trull. 12mo. 274 pp. 50 cents. Missionary Education Move- ment, New York, 1914.

great gods and goddesses of modern Here is a gold-mine for the chairmen Hinduism; and with the worship of of missionary committees. The little sacred rivers, animals, trees, and stones, book contains valuable material and the worship of ancestors, heroes, and suggestions for programs and special demons, which attract the worship of occasions. The incidents are interesting the Hindu peasantry. stories, revealing the need for the Gos- pel, the miracles of modern mission", It is difficult for the learned Euro" the great events of missionary history, pean scholar to understand the mental the can for workers. There are sugposition of the devout Hindu, who gested programs, hymns, prayers, poems, believes the wildest and most contra- scripture and other responsive readings. dictory myths, and worships with utter The only criticism of such a book is abandon at the shrine of some strange that it leaves the missionary chairman conception of the deity. so little to do.

This volume is an interesting study of the subject, but throws no new light on our conception of Hindu gods. The Glory of the Pines. A Tale of the Ontoworship has failed to elevate the people nagon. By William Chalmers Covert. of India. Illustrated. 12mo. 245 pp. $1.25, lIet.

Westminster Press, Philadelphia, 1914.

The Missionary Obligation. By Alfred In guise of fiction, Dr. Covert gives tiS a story of life among the lumber- E. Garvie, D.D. 12mo. 141 pp. 25., men. It is a fascinating tale and one net. Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1914.

Dr. Garvie, who is principle of New with a meaning. Labor and love, joy College, London, here views the mis- and sorrow, sin and salvation, an con- sionary obligation, not in the light of the tribute their quota to the living interest divine authority of the Bible, or the sal- and reality of the narrative which in vation of the heathen from hell, but in many respects reminds one of Ralph the light of modern thought concerning Connor's tales of the Selkirks. "Glory,"

the Christian religion and the social ob- the girl from Detroit, and the young ligation to all mankind. He considers minister of the little white church, and the foreign mission enterprise to be in a the lumbermen and saloon keepers- pe,-i!ous position due to waning interest, g-ood and bad-are characters 110t easily because of a change of conviction as to forgotten.

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION

Glorious Liberty. A Hundred Years' In addition to Kentucky, various writers Work of the Jamaica Baptist Mission. discuss the general problem of home By Leonard Tucker. Illustrated. 8vo. missions, the work of the Presbyterian 168 pp. 2s., net. The Carey Press, General Assembly (South), and other London, 1914. topics. Questions on each chapter add to There are many romantic passages the value for a mission study class-book. It would be a noteworthy work if some in the history of the early days of one would compile a book giving the Christian missions in Jamaica. The conditions, needs, and work of all Protes- early days of slavery were followed tant churches in a state. by the revolt in 1832, and emancipa- tion in 1838. This record is especially Our Opportunity in the West Indies. By important as a contribution to the study B. G. O'Rorke. Illustrated. lZmo. 136 of the native church and its develop- pp. Is., net. S. P. G. House, 15 Tufton ment in self-support, self-government Street, London, 1914. and missionary extension. The Jamaica A history of the West Indies is given, Colored Baptists are to-day doing a noble work in Central America and the as weJl as a brief description of Jamaica, the Bahamas, Barbados, and other West Indies. islands. The book is packed with infor- mation, and is of particular interest to The Return of the Lord Jesus. By Rev. the members of the Anglican Church. R. A. Torrey, D.D. Paper. 12mo. 160 pn. 25 cents. Bible Institute of NOTEWORTHY ARTICLES IN OCTO- Los Angeles, California, 1914. BER MAGAZINES Like most of Dr. Torrey's writings, The most able and Christian state- this is a clear, logical, spiritual Bibli- ment concerning "The War and Mis- cal statement on the subject of our Lord's return to earth-the importance, sions" is that by Rev. J. H. Oldham the certainty, the manner, the results, the time and our attitude toward it. ill the International RevieVJ of Missions The study is instructive and practically for October. Tho written by a British subject, even the Germans could scarcely helpful. find anything to criticize in its spirit or statements. Another striking article in Silver Chimes in Syria. By Wm. S. Nel- the same number is on "Vestiges of son, D.D. Illustrated. lZmo. 195 pp. Heathenism Within the Church in the 7Sc., lIet. The -VVestminster Press, Mission Field," by Dr. Johannes War- Philadelphia, 1914. neck, missions inspector of the Rhenish These glimpses of life and work in Missionary Society.

Syria give an excellent idea of the sur- Those who are looking for a bright, roundings and experiences of a mission- readable article on Bible work will find ary in Aleppo and Tripoli-with occa- it in "Colporteurs and Common Sense," sional side trips. Little has been written in The Bible in the World (B. & F. B. on this subject, and those who have read S.), for October. "Habeeb, the Beloved" will need no urging to renew their acquaintance with the In reading what various experts have to say about "The War's Science," as author. given in the October American Review of Reviews-a notable war number-:-one Presbyterian Home Missions in Ken- is profoundly stirred by the thought of tucky. A Class-Book for Mission what would result if the Christians of the Study. Rev. I. Cochrane Hunt, Editor. world took as seriously ~e work of mis- 12mo. 263 pp. 50 cents. Transylvania sions as the nations take the business of Printing Co., Lexington, Ky., 1914. war. Not many States in America can boast The World Outlook, which promises of a text-book devoted to its missionary needs and work. The Home Mission Synod of Kentucky has set an example that other states would do well to follow.

to be an achievement in missionary jour- The Balkan Wars, 1912-1913. By Jacob Gould Schurman. Maps, 12mo, 140 pp. nalism, is to be published by the Board $1.00. net. Princeton UniveJsity Press, Princeton, 1914. c of Foreign Missions of the Methodist In the Vulgar Tongue. Popular Report Episcopal Church, beginning with De- of the British and Foreign Bible So- cember. ciety. 12mo, 135 pp. Bible House, Queen Victoria Street, London, 1914. Dr. Samuel M.Zwemer, the well-known authority on Mohammedanism, con- Battling and Building Amongst the Bhiis. tributes to The Homiletic Review a paper Illustrated, 95 pp., Is. net. Church Mis- worth reading on "The Future of Turk- sionary Society, London, 1914. ish Arabia"-a land still terra incognita to the majority of Americans. Dr. Zwe- Through Europe on the Eve of War.

mer has also a strong paper on "The A Record of Personal Experiences; Including an Account of the First United Christendom and Islam" in the current Constructive Quarterly. W orId Conference of The Chambers for International Peace. By Frederick The article on "Agricultural Training in India," by Sam Higginbottom, of Al- Lynch, D.D. 12mo, 152 pp. Church lahabad, in Men and Missions, will be a Peace Union, 70 Fifth Ave., New York, revelation to many concerning the need 1914. and value of this work as an arm of mis- The Making of Christianity. By Dr. sions. John C. C. Clarke. The Associated On missionary methods at home, Miss Authors, Inc., 35 W. 39th Street, New Gabrielle Elliot gives valuable hints in York, 1914. the Woman's Wark (for November), in A Chinese Christmas Tree. By Norman her description of "Mission Pageants," Hinsdale Pitman. Illustrated, Boards, their value, and how to run them. Prac- net, 50 cents. Fleming H. Revell Co., tical plans are also given in that excel- Ne'w York, 1914. From Alien to Citizen. The Story of lent monthly of the Southern Presbyterians, The Missionary Survey, in My Life in America. By Edward A. "Methods for the Secretary of Litera- Steiner. Illustrated, 8vo, $1.50, net.

ture," and other articles. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, A novel side of missionary life and 1914. work is given in a brief account of "Chi- Delia, The Blue Bird of Mulberry Bend. . By Mrs. E. M. Whittemore. Illusnese Boy Scouts in Camp," by J. Randall trated, 12mo, 75 cents, net. Fleming H. Norton, in The Spirit of Missions, the Revell Co., New York, 1914.

ably edited organ of the Domestic and Immigrants in the Making. The Bohe- mians, by Edith Fowler Chase. The Foreign Missionary Society of the Prot- I talians, by Sarah Gertrude Pomeroy. estant Episcopal Church. Illustrated, 12mo, each 25 cents, net.

NEW BOOKS Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, The Call of the East. A Romance of 1914. Far Formosa. By Thurlow Fraser. Prince and Uncle Billy. A First Reader Illustrated, 12mo, 351 pp., $1.25 net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, in Home Missions. By Charles Lin- 1914. coln White. 16mo, 50 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, The New Life in China. By Edward Wilson Wallace. Illustrated, 12tno, 114 1914. pp. Paper cover, Is. necf. United The Little Angel of Canyon Creek. By Council for Missionary Education, London, 1914. Cyrus Townsend Brady. $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, The Work of Christ, Past, Present and Future. By A. C. Gaebelein. 16mo, 1914. 126 pP. 50 cents, postpaid. Publica- The Regeneration of New China. By tion Office, "Our Hope," 456 Fourth Avenue, New York, 1914. Nelson Bitton. Illustrated. 16mo. 282 pp. 2s., net. United Council for Missionary Education, London, 1914. The Holy Land of Asia Minor. The Seven Cities of the Book of Revela- tion. Their Present Appearance, their History, their Significance, and their Message to the Church of To-day. By Rev. Francis E. Clark, D.D., LL.D. Illustrated 12mo. 154 pp. $1.00, net. Charles Scribner's Sons, New Yark, 1914.

Steps Toward Reunion. By W. G. Peel, D.D., Bishop of Mambasa, and J. J.

Willis, D.D., Bishop of Uganda. 70 pp., Is. net. Longmans, London, 1914.

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1914

to the

FEBRUARY, 1914 SOME QUESTIONS A:tSWERED IN THIS NU:IBER PREPARED BY MRS. F . .:vI. GILBERT, DROOKLY~J N. Y.

I. In which province of China is the Government made up almost entirely of Christian men?

2. What tremendous change is manifest in the opportunity for Christian work in Russia?

3. In a heathen funeral what witness was borne to the resurrection of Christ?

4. How many non-Christian Chinese confessed Christ openly at the Student Convention in Kansas City?

5. What was the Korean woman's question? 6. What American denomination is taking up foreign I11ISSlOnary work for the first time? 7. Where in the United States is there a community of 6,000 children who have never had a chance to go to school? 8. What was the result of offering a bandit a Bible? 9. Whose words made the skins of all believers shudder? Vhat were the words? 10. From what one mission study class can be traced over one hun- dred other classes in various parts of the country? 11. "Vhen did a queen recently invite missionary leaders to her palace? 12. How is caste proving a help in missionary work in India? 13. Where has America the unique opportunity of the ages? Why? 14. What was Theodore Roosevelt's message to the students of Russia?

IS. How did a children's society win a Chinese banner?

16. Where and how did one man prepare six hundred people 111 his village for baptism?

17. Why did a king give his magicians fish to eat? 18. What did the young Hindu say when on the operating table? 19. What was Dr. Mott's experience in the Moslem university in Stamboul? 20. For what did a Moslem sheikh praise God as he burned a Bible?

llb"''''diW,j'iltll'll''''t'''ilim;;.i~w.'lIll'lf.ltijWm,Jj1

R. MOTT, LL.D

Chairman of the Student Volunteer Conventioll, Chairman of the Continuation Committee of the Edinburgh llissionary Confere"11ce

Missionary

~ of the World ~ Vol. XXXVII, No.2 FEBRUARY, 1914 Vol. XXVII, No. z Oid Series New SOT;'S Signs of the· Times THE STUDENT VOLUNTEER CON. sion study classes, but there is still need to emphasize the importance of W VENTION more earnest and regular prayer and HEN the educated young men Bible study. There is also great need and young women are awaken- for prayer that the influences of this ed to spiritual things and are ready Student Volunteer Convention may to devote their lives to the service of not vanish in weak resolutions but Christ, there is great reason for en- may have increasing fruitage in couragement and thanksgiving. The thousands of lives, in colleges, in recent Student Volunteer Conven- churches and cities, all over America tion at Kansas City, which is fully and throughout the world. reported on another page, was in nothing more remarkable and hope- PROGRESS OF THE CONTINUATION ful than in this-that the first em- COMMITTEE phasis was place~ not on social service or mission study, or intellectual THE Edinburgh Missionary Conpreparation, or heroic missionary ser- ference created what is known vice, but on Getting Right With God first; and, second, on knowing and as the Continuation Committee, as an doing of His will, whatever the cost. evidence that the Conference was· a When our young people are in right starting point for new advance. This relationship to God they will be in international committee, which now spiritual health and will have no diffi- consists of thirty-six men and two culty in hearing God's call or in re- women, met at The Hague in Desponding to the call of human need; cember to outline a program and to when the Christians in our churches hear the report on the conferences are right with God they will have recently held at its request with misno difficulty in spiritual vision and sionaries in India, China, Korea and little hesitation in surrendering their Japan. Among the definite results of bank accounts to the control of Christ those conferences are these: The for His work in the world. leaders have faced the wholeness of the task; the beginning of a science There is great cause for thanks- of missions has been laid; the effigiving in the increase of student ciency of missionary methods has volunteers and in the growth of mis- been increased; and the prominence The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW. but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken bj con· tributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS. given to native leaders has helped the Chung Lau station, in an important native churches to enter into their market town with a hundred villages own. Among the matters which call within range. So great a change has for further cooperative consideration taken place that now there is a new and action are the following: church building costing, with site, A comprehensive scientific study of $7,500, of which the Chinese them- each area; an understanding as to selves provided $6,000. This church what is meant by occupation of an has 300 members, is wholly self-sup- area; provision for totally or virtually llorting and maintains a school which unoccupied fields; better preparation will become a power in the next few of missionaries after they reach the years. The San Ning Presbytery, to field; the safeguarding and guiding which it belongs, has twelve churches of native churches in the light of in its bounds and supports two native Christian history and experience; workers.

higher education of certain converts; ]ig POOH Chew, managing editor of preparation of suitable missionary the San Francisco and Western Daily literature. Reporter, and a Christian, predicts These ends are being sought by the that Christianity will be the new re- National Councils which have been public's future religion. "During the formed in the various countries. A last three decades," he declares, "the further report of The Hague meet- influence of Christianity has increased ing will be found on another page. many fold and been felt throughout the whole Chinese republic. At the CHRISTIAN GROWTH IN CHINA same time, while Christianity was ONE of the signs of Christian gaining ground, the old Chinese faith, progress in China, according the religion of our fathers, was los- ing ground. The political upheaval to Dr. W. T. Hobart, of Peking, is the which resulted in the establishment of development of evangelistic work and the republic is due in great part to Christian education within the past the influence of Christianity, directly twelve mon1hs. The schools are fuil or indirectly exerted upon the Chinese to overflowing and the combined people. The influence of Christianity auditoriu111 of the Peking Asbury is great among many officers of the Church and Sunday-school is filled Chinese government. They are not each week with a thousand wor- only Christians, but also the second shipers. This is nearly twice the and third generations of early Chinese number that came a year ago. Many converts. They are the most efof the audience are students in Peking fective, progressive and energetic University and in the Girls' Boarding- workers for the uplift of China. The School. government of the province of Canton is almost in the hands of Christian In South China, too, Dr. A. A. l11en." Fulton, of the Presbyterian mission, tells of a mission out-station where, I twenty years ago, only four or five A $10,000 OPPORTUNITY IN CHINA converts used to meet together in a N these days, when not only the dark, narrow shop. They reprc- business world, but the church, -sented the entire visible assets of the is thinking and working in such large

SIGNS OF THE

figures, it seems pitiable that the lack of the conference held last spring in of $10,000 should make it impossible Tokyo, by Dr. John R. Mott. The to take advantage of such an oppor- Christian churches of Japan are tt1l1ity as that offered to the Amen- aroused to a keener sense of the need can Board by the provincial govern-· of a vigorous campaign to present the ment of Shansi, China. This' is where Gospel to the non-Christian commuso many missionaries were massa- nities in Japan. The undertaking cred by the Boxers in 1900. The calls for continuous activity for a government has requested the mission period of three years, under the dito take entire charge of the public rection of the "Continuation Comschool system in a large section of mittee," the union organization created the province and offers nut only to at the Tokyo conference. This comfurnish the school houses but equip mittee has elected officers for the the same, and to make an annual campaign and has already entered grant of four thousand taels, if the upon plans for a special movement Board will supervise the work. Full for a wider dissemination of truth religious liberty is promised and the through the nation on the first Sun- Bible and the Christian religion may day in March, 1914. Christians are be taught. The American Board will asked to join in prayer for the sucbe obliged to decline this significant cess of this effort. offer unless special provision should be made for at least two new mis- EDUCATIONAL TENDENCIES IN sionary families and the additional expense for salaries, outfit, traveling, JAPAN and the construction of two new houses-an outlay possibly of $ro,- I T is easy to see the great impor- 000 the first year. tance of educational ideals and WHITE HARVEST FIELDS IN JAPAN methods to the religious as well. as to the moral and intellectual progress THE breaking down of Shintoism of any people. Some schools turn out atheists, some skeptics, some ma- and Buddhism in Japan, the terialists, and some produce Chrisrapid spread of agnosticisl'n and athe- tian thinkers and workers. ism in the Government schools, and the loss of moral ideals generally have Hitherto the basis of the Japanese awakened the Japanese rulers to the educational system has been the Imneed of a better ethical and spiritual perial Rescript presented by the basis for their national Ine. The Emperor to his people in 1890. A common people, on the other hand, Buddhist priest in Tokyo, in a recent are ready to listen to the Gospel more article (quoted in the Missionary than has been the case in recent years. Link) says: "The ideal of education Ordained missionaries are needed at should be to make the Imperial Reonce in order that the opportunity script of central importance which may not be lost. decrees that ancestor worship, loyalty and patriotism shall be fundamental One way in which the missionaries in education. But Christianity lookplan to take ·advantage of this op- ed upon ancestor worship as a relic portunity has been devised as a result of barbarism, and loyalty and pa- triotism as a kind of "backward"

morality. Christianity was a world prest classes in North India, notably religion and a religion of humanity. the Mehtars or sweeper caste. Some Buddhism taught ancestor worship, missionaries have even voiced an exloyalty and patriotism. Educators pectation of two and a half mil1ion~ were certain to find, therefore, Chris- of converts from them this year, and tian teaching distasteful, it being in- recent baptisms have numbered 150,- compatible with their educational 000. Even tho these numbers cover ideal." the work of several years by various The priest urges a closer and more societies they indicate that Christian- sympathetic relation between Bud- ity in India is entering upon a period dhists and educators. He deplores of more rapid expansion.

the fact that Buddhists have not been Attached to every village of con- more progressive, and that their re- siderable size are a number of fami- ligion is treated ofttimes with con- lies belonging to the sweeper caste, tempt because the priests cling to old whose hereditary duty it is to attend ways and make no contribution to to the cleansing of the streets and the progress of society. . bazaars. Every morning the members The present educational system IS of this class may be seen coming into severely criticized by Dr. Ukita, a the village to engage in the occupa- Tokyo editor, for its rigid uniform- tion of removing the filth and refuse ity, its abnormal system of examina- from the houses, and of sweeping the tions, and its inadequate accommoda- streets and lanes. They are there- tions. fore considered ceremonially unclean When leaders of thought come to and are low caste. They are learn- publicly acknowledge that the influ- ing the power of Christ to cleanse.

ence of Buddhism is waning, that THE the Imperial Rescript is not a satis- FURTHER SIGNS OF LIFE IN INDIA factory basis of education; when, American Baptist Telugu moreover, they come to feel that bet- Mission has had a wonderful ter educational advantages are need- history. There has been no year ed, based upon strong religious ideals, since the opening of the first station and when they are calling upon the at Cocanada, in r874, when there State for its sympathetic interest in have not been a goodly number of the private schools, those who have converts. Last year, however, has consecrated time, money and strength been the greatest of all, for the bapto Christian education have much tisms have reached the total of 1,I49 cause for hope and thankfulness. in 64 native churches. The total They have also cause for increased membership on the field on July I prayer and effort to give the Japanese last was 9,237, while the Christian Christian ideals and Christian educa- community now numbers over 20,000. tion. These Christians would bear favor- able comparison with those in Amer- AWAKENING IN NORTH INDIA ica. The 64 native churches are so many beacon lights in the midst of A REMARKABLE movement to- ward Christianity has recently many thousands who as yet know taken place among some of the de- not Christ as their Savior.

OF THE

CHANGED ATTITUDE OF MOSLEMS He was always accompanied in battle IN INDIA by two of his wives, who carried his A WOMAN missionary, who has weapons. It is estimated that at the spent a lifetime in the Punjab, height of his power he had as many says (in the Bombay Guardian) that as one thousand women in his estab- fifty years ago it was no uncommon lishment. In religion he was what thing for a Mohammedan on hearing might be called a free-thinker, for the name of Christ to show his dis- he only ridiculed the spirits whom the gust by spitting. If he did not go so majority of the people feared. The far as that he would often try to magicians were the object of his drown the sound of Christ's name, and special scorn. He would invite them to cleanse his ears from the pollution to his table, but put before them only of hearing it, by a loud rcpetitioll of fish, which they consider unclean the creed of Islam. It was not un- food. If they refused to eat, he common for a Bible to be snatched would order their lips and ears to be from a missionary's hand and thrown cut off, and then would. boast that the on the ground and trampled under evil spirits did not dare to revenge themselves upon him. When some foot. Twenty-five years later, the general of his people became Christians, as a attitude was one of fear of the name result of the preaching of the misof Christ and of the Bible. Many lads sionaries who first came to Busoga came to mission schools for economy's in 1891, he had nothing for them but sake, but came with strict injunctions ridicule and scorn. Both missionaries from their parents not to touch the and native preachers tried to reach Bible, and it was difficult to induce his heart with the Gospel story but some of them to do so. Mohammedans no impression seemed to be made might come to listen to preaching, but until in 1906 he saw some stereopti- con pictures of the life of Christ. when the preacher ceased and began True to the childlike nature of the to read prayers out of a book they African, the appeal through the eyes went out. To have a Bible in the succeeded where the appeal through house was dangerous, it might go off! the ears had failed. In due time, he asked for instmction preparatory to Now all has changed. One meets baptism, and after a long time of Mullahs and others who have their testing, which he accepted with true Bibles and read them. One finds men humility, he was baptized, in the preSof all classes wanting to possess them. ence of over a thousand of his sub- Christ's name is used with reverence jects, many of whom have since foland listened to in the same way.

A HEATHEN KING CONVERTED lowed his example.

MODERN science and invention is CHARACTER BUILDING IN PERSIA also harnessed to the chariot T HE Ameri~an missionary schools of God. King Tabingwa, of Busoga, a neighbor to Uganda, was a genuine are exertmg a profound infludespot, according to the African ideal, ence for good on the youth and. also and a mighty warrior, who, however, fought for booty more than for fame. on the homes and institutions of Persia. The school at Teheran, en- rolled in its various departments last

year over 480 students, many of was begun on one of the smaller and whom are :Moslems. most southern islands of the group, Lakemba, in 1835. It was estimated It is eight years since the institu- that the population of the group at tion of the college course was recom- that time numbered about 200,000. mended by the mission and approved The whole Fijian race was then sunk by the Presbyterian Board. During in the deepest and most degraded this time, tho the country has passed heathenism. Cannibalism was a through many vicissitudes, yet the common practise, and all the horrors demand for education has steadily in- attendant upon a low animism precreased. The attendance has more vailed throughout the group. Against than doubled, and lack of accommo- this rampant cruelty and immorality dations compels the teachers to turn the Christian missionaries wielded away pupils. This desire for educa- but one weapon: the sword of the tion has remained in spIte of all ad- Spirit, which is the W orc! of God; verse circumstances. The change and it proved effectual. seen in the character of the boys is the most encouraging feature of the Out of a native population of about work. During the year nine pupils 90,000, in the Fiji Islands, over 83,- and two of the teachers were re- 000 are returned this year as claimceived into church membership. Of ing attachment to the Methodist the eleven Persian, Moslem-born, Church, of whom more than 33,000 teachers in the school eight are bap- are in full membership. The mistized Christians. All of these, with sionary contributions of the native one exception, have become Chris- church last year amounted to over tians since they entered the school, £10,700, and in addition to this and this one was brought in by one amount, large gifts were contributed of the other teachers. The younger for the payment of native teachers boys who profess to be Christians, and the maintenance of· native or who desire to become so, belong churches. At Davuilevu, on the to a Brotherhood, and the older boys, Rewa River, an educational center with the teachers and a few not has been established with a successconnected with the school, have been ful theological institution, a flourishorganized into a Y. M. C. A. Of ing district teachers' training college, the teachers and pupils who are ac- and an excellent boys' high school. tive members of the Y. 11. C. A. or The missionaries in connection with the Brotherhood, 35 are converts the native work number IS, together from Islam and I I are converts from with 9 missionary sisters. There are Judaism. TOI native mll1lsters, 125 native catechists, and SI9 native teachers. THE CHURCH IN FIJI In connection with the mission, there are 998 day schools and 981 Sunday- T HE Fiji Islands number about schools. It is most probable that within the next year or two the Fijian 250, of which some 80 are popu- mission will be declared an indelated. The two principal islands are pendent district, and pass from un- Viti Levu (Great Fiji), 85 mileslong der the control of the mission board. by 40 miles broad, and Vanua Levu, 95 miles by 25 or 30. Missionary work

Unprecedented

Situation ;, THE REMARKABLE STORY OF MISSIONARY PROGRESS AS REVEALED IN JOURNEYS AROUND THE WORLD BY JOHN R. MOTT, LL.D., NEW YORK Chairman of the Continuation Committee of the World lIissionary Conference ECENT visits to many to live and nothing save the expafl- sion of Christianity in its purest form IIRI of the principal battle- can make the world a safe home for fields of the Christian man. It is not a matter of extel nal Church have imprest arrangements. Vile must enter into me with the strong con- anel change the motive life, the am- viction that the forces bitions, the spirit of men, and only of pure Christianity are facing an Christianity has shown itself able to absolutely unprecedented world situ- do this wonder work. ation in the non-Christian world. The situation is unprecedented 'llso It is unprecedented in point of op- in point of urgency. This is true portunity, for there has been nothing because so many nations are now in like it in the annals of the Christian a plastic condition, and must soon religion. There have been times when become set like plaster. Shall they the opportunity in some one part of set in Christian molds or in antithe world was as wonderful as now; Christian molds? Christianity alone but there never has been a time when, can answer that question. in Far East, in Near East, in Southern Asia, in all parts of Africa, in .More urgent than ever is the situthe East Indian island world, ill many ation because of the rising tides of parts of Latin America, as well as nationalism and of racial patriotism Latin Europe, and Greek Europe, sweeping over the continent of the doors were simultaneously as wide non-Christian worlel. Everywhere I open as they are before the forces have gorie I have become conscious of the Christian religion to-clay. of the thrill of a new life-nations coming to their own, peoples being It is unprecedented also in point reborn. These national and racial of danger. This is due to the aspirations, if taken advantage of by shrinkage of the world, through the Christianity, will bring unexampleu greatly improved means of communi- victories; if not, these nations and cation which has caused tbe nations races will become opponents and will and races to act and react upon each greatly retarcl Christianity's peaceful other with startling directness and min~stry to the world. power and virulence. The world has become a dangerous place in which The situation is more urgent than "" Report of an address at the Student Volunteer Convention at Kansas City, 1Iissouri, Friday even· ing, January 2, 1914.

ever because of the rapid spread of RUllian Contrasts the corrupt influences of so-called On my first visit to Russia, about Western civilization. The blush of fourteen years ago, I found it im- shame has come to my cheeks as I possible to gain access to the eduhave seen how these influences from cated classes of that great empire. North America and the British Isles At that time if I had been found in and Germany, not to mention other a street-car with five Russian stucountries, are eating like gangrene dents, we would all have been subinto the less highly organized peoples jected to arrest. @ur meetings then of the world. were necessarily held in secret be- tween midnight and four in the Again, the situation is more urgent morning. Had I to do it over again, than ever because of the spread of I would not hold even these meetthe cancerous and leprous growths ings-not because of the risks I ran of the non-Christian civilizations that so much as because of the risks enare eating with great deadliness into tailed upon the others. That year I the very vitals of Christendom. If I gave only one public address in were not a Christian, I would be- Russia, and at that meeting the spies lieve profoundly in Christian foreign were present on all sides and I knew missions, because at this time, when it. It took me some time to decide the world has at last found itself in upon a subject that would be safe for its unity, no one in any part of the the occasion, but at last, I deterworld can longer be indifferent as to mined upon "Secret Prayer." Had what is taking place in other parts I spoken upon anything that even of the world. suggested union with others, joining hands in friendly relations, combina- The situation is also more urgent tions, association, propaganda, it than ever because of the process of would have ended all efforts then and syncretism, spreading not only in the there. non-Christian nations, but even in our Western nations, as the result of Now note the contrast: On my rethis impact.

Triumphs of Christianity cent visit to Russia, the largest halls But, thank God, we are facing the obtainable in the great university most urgent situation the Church has cities were not able to hold the mul- ever faced because of the recent un- titudes of the agnostic students.

paralleled triumphs of Christianity. Practically all of the students are Wherever I have gone, I have found without religion, but they are the a rising spiritual tide. The Christ- most religious swdents that I have ward movement among the peoples of met. They have a thirst to find God the world is increasing not only in and to learn His truth and to ex- volume but, in many parts of the perience its power. Every word of world, also in momentum. Let me my addresses had to be spoken give you a glimpse of some of the through interpreters-as a matter of remarkable things I have seen with fact, two had to take turns each my own eyes that reveal these Christ- night. The women students were ward world tendencies and move- always present with the men, and ments. the police would not allow them to

UNPRECEDENTED WORLD

stand in the aisles, but there is a of being obliged to leave those seven large area in the front of the stage hundred student inquirers without at the Russian theaters where they any religious organization and with- were allowed to stand night after out teachers. I had to leave these night. I shall never forget the sea would-be investigators as sheep among of Russian faces reaching from wild and ravenous beasts. Such a where I stood up into the galleries, necessity cuts off life more than any almost everyone of them bearing its other experience.

mark of tragedy. I say tragedy ad- In stilI more recent years, Mr.

visedly, for more Russian students Sherwood Eddy, Miss Rouse and commit suicide each year than in all Baron Nicolai have had similar ex- other nations put together. I believe periences in Russia. As a result we that it is true that the vast majority now have not only Bible circles in of the students of Russia have at all of tIiese Russian universities, but least contemplated suicide. we have Christian student unions as On my recent visit to Russia these well. Last May at Princeton we re- students not only came in great mul- ceived into the World's Student titudes and iistened with an intensity Christian Federation the Christian that fairly draws out one's soul, but Student Movement of Russia. This they thronged me on every occasion, is made up largely of those who are even on the street-cars. Even when still loyal to the Russian Orthodox there was no interpreter present they church. Five years ago I would would follow me about the streets have said that it was unbelievable and would come to my hotel at hOllrs that I should live to see the day when when it had been announced that I there would be a Christian Student could not receive people. They Movement in Russia, holding its seemed to think that from me as the summer conferences, publishing its messenger of the Christian students pamphlets, with four Russian secre- of America and other countries they taries and four American secretaries would find something to quench their giving up their whole time to the thirst to know the truth that sets leadership of these forces. All this men free. is with the knowledge and often with Baron Nicolai and I left little the approval of the highest authori- bands of investigators of pure Chris- ties of the government, for the tianity in all of the places we visited. statutes have been granted in several In one university center I said to the cases.

audience of students, "All who would President Roosevelt sent me a let- like to follow this Christ as I have ter to read to the students of Russia, been setting Him forth come to such and in it he made this striking state- a hall to-morrow afternoon at two ment: "No land, more than Russia.

o'clock." The test was difficult, but holds the fate of the coming years."

over seven hundred students re- I did not understand it then, but I un- sponded. I tried faithfully to put derstand it now, and I agree with him with simplicity the facts concerning absolutely. There are one hundred Christ as the sufficient Savior, ami and fifty millions of these people then I had that crushing experience who have shown a capacity for vica-

rious suffering, for endurance of addition Coptic Christians, Eastern hardship, that has not had its parallel Greeks, Roman Catholics, and Rusin any other nation. That nation is sian Orthodox Christians. We did located in the belt of power, and not apologize for our religious posiblends in itself the strongest strains tions. Constructively we set forth of the East and the West; it is the the meaning of Christianity and its home of the three strongest religions world program. Not only that, but -Christianity, Judaism, and Moham- each night in five or six different medanism. If we press our present centers in Stamboul and Pera, the advantage on wise lines among the largest sections of Constantinople, and tens of millions who are non-Cbris- in the largest halls we could secure, tians in Russia and among the agnos- in one place in German, in two places tics in the educated and ruling classes, in French, in one place in English, that great nation may join us in the in one place in Armenian, apologetic conquest of Asia and Africa. lectures were given by professors from America, Great Britain, and Turkey-Eighteen Years Ago and Now Germany. Here evangelistic appeals were also made by witnesses from In r895, when I first visited Con- all parts of the world. These halls stantinople, I asked about getting ac- were thronged not only with Arcess to the Mohammedan students. menians and Greeks and Christians The missionaries said, "It is absurd and Jews, but with Moslems in infor you to raise that question, for it creasing numbers. would be dangerous-in fact, illegal -to attempt to hold assemblies of When I was about to leave Conthe so-called students in Turkey." stantinople to go into the. Balkan vVhen I went on shipboard to leave States, a deputation waited upon me Constantinople we heard the crackle and said, "You are making a mistake of rifles shooting down the Armenians not to visit Stamboul University, the in the streets, and I was told 011 good largest Mohammedan university, with authority that during the weeks I its eight thousand students." I rewas there hundreds, if not thousands, plied that if they could arrange a of men had stones placed on their meeting before my train left I would necks and were sunk in the Bos- go. They secured the largest hall phorus. Why? Because they had available and when I went down the courage to think out loud. there I had a struggle to make my way to the platform with my inter- A little over two years ago I went preter. Every seat was taken, as to Constantinople again. Think of were all the spaces around the wall. the changes! I went to attend a con- Many men in the audience wore green ference of the World's Student Chris- turbans, which my interpreter told tian Federation in the political capi- me were a sign that the wearers were tal of the Mohammedan world. Rep- Mohammedan theological students. resentatives of Christian students I expected difficulty, but with divine came together from twenty-five na- strength I set forth Christ as the tions. For five days we met in con- only divine Savior, and I never had ference men from over fifty branches a more respectful hearing. of Protestant Christianity, and in

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In some respects Mohammedans medan students in Cairo, but it was put us to shame. They do not apolo- impossible. But a little over two gize for their religion, and the last years ago when I returned and raised thing they want us to do is to apolo- the same question, the government gize for ours. Even a little girl at officials said, "You may hold meetabout six years old, in Cairo, who ings for them, but we would not adwas asked if she were a Moham- vise it. It will but fan the flames of medan, replied as quick as a flash, fanaticism." Some of the more COll-" "Yes; thank God, I am a Moham- servative missionaries were amazed medan !" They never apologize, ami at our plan proposed, to secure the that night in Constantinople these largest theater in Egypt for our Moslems not only gave me respectful meetings. There was a play each hearing but they even gave sympa- night, so that we could not secure 'thetic attention. An hour passed, and the use of the theater for the eveas I held up Christ as the only Savior nings when students were free, and the attention was most wrapt. were obliged to content ourselves Finally, at nearly midnight, when I with the very unfavorable hour at the was obliged to leave, it took me close of the afternoon. The first nearly forty-five minutes to reach the afternoon I went down with some door as men stopt me to ask most misgivings, but every bit of space in searching questions with the eager the house was taken. After the first desire that characterizes a drowning day the police and some of the man when he grasps the plank thrown British soldiers were called upon to to him for his rescue. They have keep order among the hundreds outurged us to send other lecturers and side who could not gain admittance. speakers, and we have been doing Afternoon after afternoon I sought so year by year. to set forth positively the truth as it is found in pure Christianity, with- Now, it is true that there has been out equivocation, but without making a reaction, but the fact remains that any attack upon Mohammedanism or in nearly all parts of Turkey you even speaking against agnosticism. are to-day free to travel, to hold con- Attention was fixt upon the living ventions and great assemblies, to cir- Christ. On the last afternoon, when culate papers and pamphlets by the the time came to give up the theater thousands, and to do searching evan- because of the play, I had not fingelistic work. It is no doubt a good ished, and I saw there was very inthing that we have some difficulties tense attention. The audience was in Turkey. We need some opposi- largely composed of Mohammedan tion that will test and sift men's students, and unbelievers from the motives. Church history proves that government colleges. I put to them a Christianity advances best in the face proposition like this: "Those of you of difficulties and it is going to ad- who would like to believe in the deity vance in Turkey. That field is open; of Jesus Christ, if you could do so it is accessible, and it is responsive. with intellectual honesty, meet me at the hall of the American mission" Changes in North Africa (about half a mile away). To my On my first visit to North Africa, I tried to find access to the Moham-

amazement, when I arrived there, I "I am an only son. My father is found this hall filled with about six a prominent Government official and hundred students who had come in a man of wealth. He tells me that response to this invitation. We ex- if I become a Christian he will disinperienced one of those times when herit me. The only time I menone stands face to face with the tioned it to my mother she beat her living Christ, an experience which in head against the stone doorstep until itself is an evidence of the living the blood came, for she felt it would Christ. Christ not only was; He is, be such a disgrace if her son should as much as anyone living. I k110'W become a Christian." this. I may have doubts on some questions, but I have had too many I had to be honest to tell the man experiences of the power that worketh that there might be times when, for in Him, that raised Him from the the sake of the truth, it becomes necesdead, to have any mental reserva- sary for a man to leave father, and tions on this point. mother, and brothers; and to leave houses and lands; but I also pointed Wonderful Transformations in India out the attendant promise of what blessing will come into the man's On my first visit to India,.in 1895 life who makes that sacrifice. That and 1896, I spent about fom months proud Mohammedan student bowed chiefly among the educated classes, his knee for the first time to Christ; and it was a great joy on leaving to but he was right in his fears. He be convinced that a few scattered was cast off, and was obliged to flee Hindu and Mohammedan students to another part of India for safety. had been led to become investigators Later he was permitted to return to of Christianity. Few if any of them Lahore, and the change in his life had confessed Christ when I left, al- had been so great that it influenced tho I am glad to say that some were some of his fellow medical students subsequently baptized. It sent a to become inquirers into Christianity. thrill of deep joy through me recently when, in one of the Continua- These were merely beginnings. tion Committee Conferences, one of Last year Mr. Eddy and I found a the leading debaters arose and said wide-open door as we went to the that in one of those meetings he had five university centers of Madras, come into a reasonable and vital faith Bombay, Allahabad, Lahore, and Calin Christ. Now he is a propagator cutta. In every place, the largest of Christianity. hall we could obtain was filled with students. Here were audiences of Another Mohammedan student crowded ranks of Hindus, Mohamcame the last day I was in the Pun- medans, Buddhists, Parsees, Jains, jab, and said: "My reason is con- and followers of other non-Christian vinced that I ought to become a religions. Little bands of Christians Christian, and something in my heart were scattered among them. Every tells me I will not have peace or meeting was a conflict so great that purity or power until I become a each night after the siege we went Christian." I asked him why he did away completely exhausted. In not become a Christian, and he re- Madras it seemed at one time as tho plied:

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everything was going to go against before, Carey baptized his first low us in the great pavilion. Until a caste convert. These two students few months ago we did not know were the first fruits of the meetings why it did not go against us. Every- conducted by Mr. Eddy and myself.

thing had been so tempestuous, and All over India to-day there are not it seemed as tho all would be lost. scores, not hundreds, but thousands If the name of Christ was used it of the' educated classes who are in- was hissed. Then all at once there tellectually convinced, and whose came a hush over the assembly, then hearts are deeply moved, but who a deepened attention, and then a won- need that additional impulse which derful responsiveness. A few months will come when the Church of the ago, at Lake Mohonk, we learned from West recovers her comparatively Mr. Isaacs what had taken place. buried talent of communion with the We had seen several leave the pavil- power of God.

ion, but supposed that it was be- I was pained, in India, to hear the cause of their antagonism. Last sum- president of a Christian college rise mer we learned that they were Chris- to say that he did not expect con- tians, who went out to give them- versions in this generation from selves to prayer. As they fell on among their students, and I could their faces in supplication we saw hardly trust my ears when he added the tempest stilled by Christ, as He that the governing board at· home stilled the tempest of the waves in agreed with him that they were not olden days. to expect conversions in this genera- To-day in India we can not only tion. As soon as I could get on my gain an extended hearing for the feet, I said: "That is not the spirit Gospel with the educated classes, but that will win conversions in the next there is a response, and, in my judg- generation." It reminded me of the ment, there will be an increasing re- young preacher who came to Spurgeon sponse to the Gospel message. It to ask why he did not have converts means more to be able to point even in his ministry. Spurgeon said: "You to a few baptisms of Hindus or Mos- do not expect converts after every lems in India than it would if a sermon, do you?" The young preacher thousand agnostics in our great uni- replied, "Oh, no, of course I do not versities in America should come oui expect them after every sermon."

into a reasonable faith in Christ. "Yes," replied Spurgeon, "I thought Just one year ago we were at so; that is just the reason why you Serampore, holding a conference with do not get them after any sermon."

students from seventy colleges from The time has come in the Indian all parts of the empire. One eve- Empire to intensify our siege work.

ning at about dusk, Bishop Azariah, I thank God for those who have lhat who had recently been consecrated type of heroism that is willing to the first Asiatic bishop of the live, and, if need be, to die in doing Anglican communion, led down into siege work. They are as much to be the water of the H ugli River two envied as the men who see the walls Hindu students for baptism at the fall. Those Japanese who did the very spot where, one hundred years mining and the countermining before

Port Arthur as truly helped to bring great confidence. Missionaries make in the wonderful victory as those who these things possible. swept over the crest of the hill. I admire the spirit of those who are Korea'. Awakening not seeking easy fields where they can count the converts in large statis- I did not visit Korea on my first tics; but who will go to difficult journey around the world, because fields where they will intensify siege there were then no students, but on work that the walls may crumble. my third journey to Asia I shall Crumble they will; yes, they are never forget the scenes, one winter crumbling. I would be glad to spend afternoon, in Independence Hall, outa life in front of these walls, even side of Seoul. This year I returned, if I could never look over them. and altho I was advised that it was not a desirable time for special evan- I never go into Ceylon without gelistic meetings, particularly for the wonder at that little island which student class and the more official sent out its hundreds and thousands class, on account of the conspiracy of Buddhist missionaries, storming trials, still we could not pass by that the whole of the vast Asiatic coast, field which the year before had had in a wonderful propaganda which has sixty thousand additions to the Chrisresulted in making more Buddhists tian Church. We could not promise than there are followers of any other to spend a week in Seoul, and altho religion. Ceylon and Burma are to it was a cold winter, and it was a this day the great citadels of Bud- critical time, a tent was erected holddhism in its most aggressive for111. ing three thousand. This was not only filled but the people stood out- When we were in C~lombo the larg- side as well. The last of these meetest hall was crowded with students ings continued for three hours, and night after night. Some twenty bap- after we had literally driven away tisms have already resulted from the everyone except those who bad signed inquirers enlisted during those meet- cards to indicate that they would acings. In Rangoon, Burma, I could cept Christ as their Savior or would hardly believe my eyes as I witnessed become investigators, I was still surthe marvelous response we met rounded by three hundred stalwart, among Buddhist students. It re- loving Koreans. We have taken too minded me of the thrill that must much for granted. We have assumed have come to Judson in the years of that because of the recent Christian his siege work when he won his first triumphs in Korea we might occupy convert. Everything I saw there and ourselves elsewhere, but that would elsewhere has been made possible by be an enormous blunder. For that the work of men like Judson and very reason we ought to show ourother unnamed missionaries. You selves all the more friendly. We can not have reaping unless there has ought to join hands with the Chrisbeen seed-sowing and weeding and tians of all nations, including the watering and nurturing, unless the Christians of Japan, to make that, the sun has been shining with light and first non-Christian people of the warmth from Christ-like lives. Then modem age, become genuinely and you may put in your sickle with

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completely Christian. I came away also had present the leading Japanese from Korea believing that if Chris- workers. In response to the ques- tianity were to die out in America tion : Are the educated classes in and in Canada and England, it exists Japan as accessible now as they ever with such vitality in Korea that it were, even in the late eighties? every would ultimately spread again to missionary and every Japanese agreed our shores and reestablish itself. that they were. All but two in the Open-mjndedness jn Japan two conferences agreed the illiterate masses were even more accessible Japan has always imprest me as than ever before. Without doubt the most brilliant nation of the world, there has come another of those won- one that has achieved greater progress derful days of God's visitation. He in one generation than any other is visiting Japan now.

country has achieved in two, if 110t Each night we had at our meet- in three, generations. The outstann- ings as many as two hundred Japa- ing characteristic of the Japanese nese students, chiefly Government which is largely responsible for her students, decide to become Christian wonderful progress is, I believe, her inquirers. If we are to judge re- open-mindedness. Some people have sults by difficulties overcome, possibly assumed that tHe wonderful achieve- the most wonderful experience of ments of the Japanese have. turned this last journey was our last night their heads. I have been in Japan spent in Japan. A fter a very full four times and find no evidence of day, beginning at about six-thirty in that. On the contrary, the Japanese the morning with many meetings and impress me as more solemnized now conferences with missionaries and than ever as a result of their great Japanese, we went down at night in and added responsibilities. They are front of the Imperial University, with feverishly in earnest to learn any- its five thousand graduate students.

thing they can from other nations. It has about five hundred professors, The Japanese 'are open-minded and nearly all of whom have received one are seeking to make anything they or more degrees from European or find contributory to the growmg American universities. It is the great power of their nationality. intellectual lighthouse for the whole This means much. Eight years Eastern world. We had secured the ago the wonderful cable message great auditorium of the Canadian came from Japan to the Student Presbyterian Church. As I went Volunteer Convention at Nashville: down there, somewhat exhausted, 1 "Japan is leading the Orient-·but said: "It i~ time, 0 Lord, for Thee whither?" With aptness that mes- to work." Every seat on the floor sage can still be quoted. It is a ami in the gallery was taken, and the wonderful moment in Japan. Our standing space at the back was com- recent conferences there, in connec- pletely filled. ~rith four addresses, tion with the Continuation Commit- each one through an interpreter, the tee, were attended by the leading meeting lasted nearly four hours. At missionaries of the various Protestant the close, three hundred and seventy denominations in this country. "Ie of these men, including two pro-

fessors 'and some of the doctors of Five years later, I spent one day philosophy, had signed cards indicat- with the presidents of seventeen mising three things: sionary colleges during which most of the time was given to discussing ( I) I will make a conscientious the question of reaching the literati. study of the four gospels; and that We concluded that it might be possi- I may do this to the best advantage ble to reach one here and there, at I will meet for one hour each week the end of the examinations, and with others who are making the that in time we might win a few, but same investigation. we could not hope for large num- hers and still less for organized work (2) I will pray daily to the holy among them. God for wisdom to find the truth. and for courage to follow it after I Again, five years later still, the have discovered it. walls of Jericho were beginning to crumble. In some places I could (3) When my reason and COll- look through, and here and there I science permit me to do so, I will could reach my hand through and take Christ as my Savior and Lord. feel somebody clasp it. The ancient literati were beginning to give way Those last moments with those to the modern literati, and in three three hundred and seventy bowed in places I was able to meet with them. prayer together constitute another of those evidences that Christ lives A year ago, -when I reached Canand that He is able to speak through ton, I found to my alarm that they languages or the lack of languages. had hired the largest theater in He is able to break through intellec- China, a building th{tt holds thirtytual pride; and through racial preju- five hundred people. On the night dices and misunderstandings. Christ of the first meeting, as we neared will take care of Himself. If He is the theater, I saw crowds in the but lifted up, He will draw all men, streets, and asked: "Why do they not whether they are educated men, or open the doors?" Some one came are illiterate men, whether they are to tell us that the doors had been if! the Far East or in the Near East. open for an hour and that every I was recently cheered by word from seat was taken. Tickets had been Japan that of those who became in- distributed to the Government stuquirers in different parts of Japan dents, Government officials, and to the many have already been baptized. educated classes. On the platform were about fifty of the leading edu- Overturning. in China cated Chinese of Canton, many of them young men who had studied in In 1896, when I first went to Tokio and in American universities. China, I became interested in the The first night the chair was taken literati, the scholars of that great by a Chief Justice, a man who was land of scholars. A missionary with not a Christian. The next night the whom I was speaking, said: "We will chairman was a man high in Govnever live to s'ee the day when the ernment position but not a Chrisliterati will be really accessible." tian. The following night the Com- When I returned I spoke of the Chinese literati as the Gibraltar of the student world, for they seemed to occupy an absolutely impregnable position.

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mISSIOner of Education, a Christian, Chinese say. He has been a won- took the chair. Each night two or derful teacher and I am not altogether three addresses were given through sorry that there is something of a an interpreter. There were always reaction in favor of his teachings.

large crowds, tho not as large as the The Chinese were going too fast in first night, and by the time the series their tendency to throw aside all was over, over seven hundred had the teachings of Confucius. I said signed cards with the three promises. to the students: "Hold on to every- Those seven hundred led one hundred thing that your reason and your more of their fellow students to be- conscience teaches you to be true;"

come inl/uirers, the blind leading the but I always added: "Do not let that blind. Already one hundred and keep you from accepting truth which forty-five have been baptized or are Christ alone made known to men."

)>l'obationers for baptism. Scenes in Manchuria Those were full days in Canton. I had not planned to go to Man- We had Continuation Committee con- churia, but the Scotch and Irish and ferences by day and then for variety Danish missionaries exprest their we had these campaigns with the conviction that I was making a mis- students at night. A delegation of take not to visit Mukden. I told Chinese came to me and said: "Why them that if they would put more must we be baptized if we become days in the calendar I would plan to Christians? Will you not hold a make a short visit. I also sugmeeting to answer that question?" gested that they might persuade the Every hour was taken, but it oc- Japanese Government to put on a curred to me that they might bring special engine and car so that I need their delegation to a place near where not travel on Sunday. I would be I was to attend a dinner and that I able to give a week-end. Finally, might be excused from one of the however, by cutting my visit short courses in order to tell them why in Korea we arranged for the visit they should be baptized. They to Manchuria. The Governor heard brought a delegation of twenty-five that I was coming, and said: "Our and I tried to explain the matter in hall is not large enough." They telesuch a way that they would be graphed me about this. I have able to tell others. The truth took friends in America and Canada arid hold of them and I made bold to England who have said: "If at any ask: "How many of you are reaJ) to time money will widen your oppor- take this step?" In response about tunity, use money." I therefore told seventeen stood up. The Chinese are them to build a pavilion, but the logical. Convince them of the way Governor would not permit it and they ought to go and they go! N apJ- took the money from his own pocket leon said of China: "There sleeps a to build the large pavilion. He also giant. Let him sleep. When China called upon the Government colleges, is moved, she will move the world." students and professors, to march to From Canton I went north to the the meetings. Not only was the province of Confucius, that "sage place filled with five thousand, but of ten thousand generations," as the many had to be turned away.

There we had one of those ex- ihis message, for, while Confucius periences that fasten themselves upon teaches us the truth, you have been our consciousness. On the last day giving us a message which tells about six or seven hundred signed the the power to follow the truth." That threefold resolutions as inquirers. On is the Chinese mind again, laying the platform by my side during these hold of the essentials. lectures was the Commissioner of Education, not a Christian. When I Acceptance of the Opportunities had sent the crowd away and had only these six or seven hundred in- Are not these facts sufficient to quirers there, his excellency arose convince anyone that we are living and said: "I want to say something." in a wonderful age? Old things I sat down by my interpreter and have passed away; all things have said: "Tell me quickly what he says." become new. These nations are wide The Commissioner said: "Young open to us. They are accessible. men, I have heard all of these lec~ Their fields are ripe. They are tures to which you have listened, and ready for the sickle. The time has I have been particularly interested come' to reap, and, in the name 01 in these promises which you have God, ask yourself whether it may made. I call upon you now, every not be the will of God that you one, to keep these promises. If this sho.uld dedicate your life to the misgentleman ever comes back to Man- sionary cause. . . . I know North churia, let it not be said that anyone America, and my soul tingles with of you have gone back on these reso- the possibilities here; but I would lutions." be dishonest if I said that there are greater opportunities here than in the Mr. Sherwood Eddy could tell of Orient. There is a tremendous field even more remarkable experiences for mIssIonaries, evangelists, and in Peking, Nanking, Hongkong, and others with the evangelistic spirit, to Fuchau, where in the last days of become doctors, teachers, editors, auhis campaign five thousand were in thors, apologists, statesmen, apostles. daily attendance to hear these messages, and nearly two thousand came One other word. We also need to be inquirers. provision for such an enlargement of the Volunteer Movement as will In Peking, the president of the make it possible to put more recruit- Chinese University said: "Mr. Mott, ing officers into the field. We must I have heard about your methods and have them. One thousand four hun- I would like to know your message." dred and eighty volunteers have sailed Then for over forty minutes he ques- in the past four years. Two thoutioned me as to the vital points of sand should sail in the next four the Christian message. Then he years. Four hundred colleges have said: "Mr. Mott, you must change been visited in a year. Ve ought to your plans. I want you to stay in be visiting a thousand. If we are to China and visit not only the great do this we must have a budget of cities, but all of the smaller cities sixty thousand dollars a year for the wherever Y011 can find young men next four years. It is a privilege to and school boys to tell them about associate our sacrifices with Christ for the enlargement of His work.

Thousand Students In

for Missions THE POSSIBILITIES OF THE REMARKABLE STUDENT VOLUNTEER CONVENTION IN KANSAS CITY, DECEMBER 31, 1913, TO JANUARY 4, 1914 BY THE EDITOR T would be impossible call of God to devote themselves and their talents wholly to Him; if they mI ~ .for any on.e, w~th :is- have determined to obey the vision IOn and ImagmatlOn, and the call-who can measure the with faith in God and power generated and set free in faith in man, to view five thousand channels as a result . unmoved the vast of this convention. It is as tho five audience of six thousand students thousand torches had been lighted and missionary leaders who recently with the fire of God and then had gathered for five days at Kansas scattered over the continent to light City to consider the claims of for- in turn other torches and to spread eign missions upon their hearts and their light and heat in bringing the lives. Nearly five thousand of these truth and love of God to all mankind. delegates were students from over seven hundred colleges and pro- The Purpose and Plan fessional schools of United States and Canada-the picked young men Nothing less than a great cause and young women of America-in and a great purpose could call totraining for leadership at home and gether stich a number of young men abroad. Think what it means for and young women. Many of them them to devote a week of the Christ- came at real sacrifice of time and mas holidays to daily missionary of money and were prepared for a meetings-three sessions a day, with still more complete sacrifice of life. intense, spiritual, practical questions About one-third of them-I,600presented for their earnest considera- were already Student Volunteers, tion without self-interest and with- but fully three thousand had not yet out compromise. decided to be foreign missionaries. Twice a day-morning and evening- It is impossible to conceive of the they gathered in the great convenimmense influence that such a con- tion hall to listen to some of the vention may exert on the history of foremost missionary leaders in the the world. If these four thousand world present the needs of the nonstudents have been cleansed and set Christian peoples for the saving Goson fire with a live coal from off pel of Christ. For two hours and a God's altar, if they have caught the half at a stretch the order was pracvision of a world's need-a world tically perfect, the interest was eager for which Christ died; if they have and unwavering. The organization caught the spirit of a Savior's love and program were well-nigh perfect. and sacrifice; if they have heard the

Ushers and doorkeepers performed Boards of Missions, pointed out the their arduous d!1ties with Christian courtesy as a service to God; the urgency of the missionary problem famous Association Quartet led the devotional singing with marvelous among Moslems in Africa. effect; the generous hosts in Kansas City did much to insure the success Shall we Christians tarry and trifle of the meetings, and the speakers, while Africa is in darkness? almost without exception, spoke with great nower as inspired messengers While we d*ela*y a*nd dally Mo- of Guu. 'lhere was no applause and yet it was not difficult to note the hammedanism is increasing in geo- sympathetic and appreciative response graphical extent, and in influence. " ilich these messages met in the hearts of the delegates. Even when *** a speaker could not be heard-as was the case in very few instances-the While within the last ten years attention was almost perfect. fifty Moslems in Africa have been converted to Christ, there have been The plan of the convention de- some 50,000 pagans who have gone serves notice. The program was by over to Islam. And they are more no means made up of popular mis- difficult to reach as Moslems than they would have been as pagans. 1 *** sionary addresses and appeals to ser- vice. It was progressive-beginning On the other hand there are signs at a definite point and proceeding to of decay in Moslem political power. a definite goal. The first purpose of To-day there is not a single inde- the leaders was not to secure more pendent Moslem state in Afric.a- missionary recruits, but to bring the Egypt, the Sudan, Tripoli, Morocco delegates into harmony with the will have all come under the control of and Spirit of God. The meetings European governments. thus emphasized sanity, sanctity and service. * The * probl*em of unoccu- A Survey of the Fields supreme At the opening session on Wednes- day afternoon, devotional addresses pied fields to-day is the problem at' were given by John R. Mott, Robert E. Speer and Dr. Robert F. Horton Moslem territory in Africa. of London. The theme was the en- thronement of Christ in the heart and *** life as the first essential to right thinking and right decisions. Then The price of victory is general- followed for three sessions a most ship and individual sacrifice. There masterly presentation of the present must be a new laying hold on God situation in non-Christian lands and for the rescue of Moslem Africa. the call to Christians to give them the Gospel. Dr. Charles R. Watson, The impressive address by Dr. secretary of the United Presbyterian Samuel M. Zwemer on "The Ful- ness of Time in the Moslem 'vVorld," will be printed in full in our March number. This modern Raymond Lull held the vast audience spell- bound while he explained and illus- trated in a masterful way the five facts which show that, in God's calendar, the fulness of time has come to redeem those under the yoke of Islam: I. For the first time in history the whole of Christendom is face to face with the whole of Islam.

P ART OF THE AUDIE~CE OF OVER SIX THOUSAND IN CONVE NTION HALL, KA NSA S CITY, AT THE SEVENTH STUDENT VOLUNTEER FOREIGK MISSIONARY

DECEMBER 31 , 1913, TO JANUARY 4, 1914 These students came from 755 colleges and other educational institutions of the United States and Canada. John R. Matt, LL.D., presided. Among the delegates were 3,984 representatives of colleges, universities and professional schools (including about 160 Chinese delegates), 279 secretaries, missionaries, and other Foreign Mission Board representatives, 53 editors and representatives of the press, 350 laymen, and 365 special delegates and guests-a total of 5,031 regular attendants at the convention. Beside these there were over I ,CX)() hosts and other visitors from Kansas City in daily attendance, and at times it was necessary to hold overflow meetings.

Above the platform (on which were seated the foreign missionaries and Board representatives) was hung an immense map of the world showing the prevailing religions in each continent. Lines stretching from North America indicated the countries to which student volunteers have sailed as foreign missionaries since 1887. These number 5,882, of whom 638 have gone to Africa, 26 to Arabia, 40 to Central America, 1,739 to China, 1,133 to India, Burma and Ceylon, 743 to Japan, 28 to Latin and Greek countries of Europe, 168 to Mexico, 67 to I slan ds of the Pacific, 163 to the Philippines, 51 to Persia, 104 to Siam, L aos and Strait settlements, 359 to South America, 221 to Turkey, 177 to West Indies and 225 to other countries.

19141 FIVE THOUSAND STUDENTS IN LINE FOR MISSIONS

2. To-day we know the character in that city of two million inhab- and power of Islam as never before. itants.-KATo.

3. The political power of Islam *** has collapsed and almost all of the Moslem world is under Christian As a result of the Matt and Eddy governments. meetings last spring there were 2,000 enquirers enrolled among the stu- 4. The social and intellectual status dents and of these ISO have already .and standards of Islam are changing. been received into the Christian Church.-KATO. 5. There is a present-day spiritual crisis and opportunity in Islam. In India *to-d*ay * there is an On the second· day the Macedonian awakening in one generation such as required four hundred years to take calls were heard from other lands. place in Europe. There are now 4,000,000 Christians in India and A Japanese Christian earnestly ap- more than 3,000 new baptisms are taking place, on an average, each pealed for Christian messengers for fortnight.-HARTE.

his people; a Chinese called for those who will help redeem China; C. D. Hurrey, formerly Y. M. C. A.

secretary in South America, and *** Bishop Kinsolving of Brazil told of Africa has dozens of bishops and the United States has u6, but South the spiritual darkness and open doors America has only four. Philadelphia has 6g0 Protestant churches, while in South America, and A. C. Harte, Buenos Ayres has only 10. There. are ten times as many preachers of student secretary for India, presented the Gospel in the one State of Iowa as there are in all South America.- the problem of his adopted country KINSOLVING.

and people. Many of these powerful *** addresses will appear in the REVIEW, In the interests of Mariolatry, or at least without the protest of the so that we give here only a few dominant Church, there is, in South America, an ethical status more detristriking phrases: mental to pure morals and more dis- honoring to Christ than is found in In Latin America the student class open paganism.-KINsOLVING. rules. How they will rule may be guessed by the fact that at present *** not two per cent. of the students in the universities have any interest in In South America we find: A the Bible or in Christianity.-HuR- sacramental system without real wor- REY. ship; a closed Bible; false doctrine; baneful superstition; untutored igno- *** rance; almost complete divorce from Christianity; a deplorable moral ana Buddhism, Confucianism and Shin- ethical status.-KINSOLVING. to have no influence to-day on the Japanese students. In the univer- *** sity of Tokyo, among five thousand students, only 700 claimed to be fol- The result of keeping the Bible lowers of these religions, while goo from the laity and the denial of the put themselves down as atheists and right of private judgment will al- 3,000 as agnostics or indifferent. ways be the enslavement of the con- Seventy confessed themselves to be science of any people.-KINsOLVING. Christians.-KATo. *** *** From a mISSIonary 'viewpoint the The temptations to young men in Japan can scarcely be over estimated. most remarkable and powerful ad- The police of Tokyo recently reported that 300,000 men frequented houses of ill-fame in a single month

dress delivered at this convention- have trained minds and skilled pracperhaps at any gatherilJg-was the tise, so that we may give the best story told by John R. Mott of what we have to men in the service of he had seen with his own eyes of Christ.-HENDERSON. the transformations in the Nearer and the Farther East. He told of * * oj< the contrast in the attitude of governments and people and the oppor- There is a mutual satisfaction in tunities for preaching the Gospel as man's right relationship to Godhe found them on his journeys four- God seeks worshipers and man seeks teen and eighteen years ago in com- God.-W. W. WHITE. parison with the open doors on his recent journey around the world. It *** is a marvelous report and will be found in full on another page. Prophets to-day, like the prophets of old, must study the sacred books The Sources of Power of God, must maintain fellowship with God, and must give utterance One session of the convention was by word and life to the message of devoted to the presentation of the God to men.-W. W. WHITE. sources of spiritual power-for the emphasis 0.£ the speakers was ever *** on the necessity of a healthy spiritual life and right relationship with God A missionary is one sent to win rather than on any particular act of devotion or field of service. Presi- men to Jesus Christ, so that the best dent W. Douglas MacKenzie of Hartford Theological Seminary spoke on preparation for missionary work is the need of special training, Professor Henderson of the University of Chi- the winning of men. . This is cago urged the need of knowing Christ, the world and our right re- proved by the command of Christ, lation to both of them, Dr. W. W. White presented the need for sane the teachings of Christ, the example and systematic Bible study and prayer, and Mr. Sherwood Eddy of Christ, and the history of the brought home to all hearts the duty of "soul winning in student days as Church.-EDDY. an essential preparation for a fruitful missionary career." *** "Train your mind to see the truth Many are not winners of men toof God and your vision to see the day because of indifference, of hidneeds of man."-MAcKENzIE. den sin, or from fear of man.-EDDY.

*** *** Let us not go forth with the in- If you would become winners of sufficient preparation of "quacks" to men (I) renounce the hidden things practise our Christian profession of shame (2 Cor. 4:2), and sanctify among men but let us see that we ourselves; (2) manifest the truth as it is in Christ; (3) command your- selves to every man's conscience; (4) live as in the sight of God.- EDDY.

*** Ve have long since ceased to doubt that we will win Asia for Christ, but how are We to win Amer- ica if we relegate to the few the witnessing to Christ at home?-EDDY.

*** Perhaps the most remarkable ses- sion in the program in point of cumu- lative effect of a series of addresse, was that on Saturday morning when the subj ect presented was "Forces to Be Wielded in Behalf of

19I4] FiVE THOUSAND STUDENTS IN LINE FOR MISSIONS

Foreign Missions." Some of these In United States each Christian papers we have secured for our read- has two non-Christians to reach; in ers to be printed later. Dr. James L. non-Christian lands each Christian Barton, secretary of the American Jm. iscs.ioWnaHrIyTEh.as a parish of 70,000:– *** Board, first presented the need for There are now only one in 2,500 "Missionary Statesmanship" ; J. American Protestant church-members Campbell 'White of the Laymen's on the foreign mission fields. If Missionary Movement set forth in we eliminate fifty per cent. of our speaking statistics the "Money church-members as non-contributing Power"; Dr. James H. Franklin, sec- we could treble our missionary force retary of the American Baptist For- and still leave only one foreign miseign Missionary Society, pleaded in sionary to be supported by four huna convincing way for "Unity and Co- dred Christians at home.-J. C. operation"; Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer WHITE. showed the "Power of Sacrifice," If the ** * and Dr. Robert F. Horton reached Protestant church-members the climax with an address on the of America gave an average of only "Power of Prayer." Each address four cents a week to foreign miswas a masterpiece with both logical sions it would mean an income of and spiritual power. nearly $50,000,000 a year for the Missionary statesmanship is the exhibition and exercise of conspicuous work. Many could give $1,000,000 ability and sagacity in the management and direction of missionary outright to foreign missions while affairs.-BARTON. they are still alive and are not com- *** pelled to give it up.-J. C. WHITE. Three perils stand in the way of the development and use of mis~ion­ *** ary statesmanship: (I) Failure to study and grasp the immensity of The question to consider in Christhe task; (2) failure to prepare ade- tian unity is not one of compromise quately for the accomplishment of but of a larger comprehension of the the task; and (3) undue eagerness love and truth of God. We need not to secure visible results. The first ask: What must I give up, but what is due to superficiality on the part of can I contribute to the sum of students, the second to desire of the boards for workers, and the third to Christian truth.-J. H. FRANKLIN. the demands of the supporters at home for statistics.-BARToN. * * * It is true for the denomination as *** for the individual: "He that would save his life shall lose it, and he that vVe need statesmanship (I) 111 re- shall lose his life for My sake, the lation to the development of an m- same shall find it."-J. H. FRANKLIN. digenous native church; (2) in the development of native forces on the * The only pow* er*that money has is field; (3) in the presentation of the work of missions to governments at found not by hoarding but when it is home and abroad; (4) in ability to poured out and set free to do God's see the whole work and the whole bidding.-S. M. ZWEMER. field; and (5) in Christlike intercession for the world field.-BARTON. *** The "scar-marks" that we have re- ceived in behalf of Christ are the only test of our faithfulness as fol- lowers of the crucified Christ.- ZWEMER.

*** Is the shadow of the cross on your bank account, or do you only spend

for the Kingdom what you can easily They have a wide opportunity spare ?-ZWEMER. among their fellows in the colleges and other institutions to which they Intercession *is t*he *highest form of return. When Horace Rose went back to his college fired with misprayer, the mightiest instrument of sionary zeal, the result was 25 new the Christian and brings the greatest student volunteers, 400 converts to blessing.-HoRToN. Christ and 600 enrolled in Bible study classes. If that is the result * :;: * with one man what might not be the result with 4,000 students consecrated We can not come to the experience to the service of God? of Pentecost except by the way of Calvary.-HoRToN. In their homes and churches and local committees, these delegates may One striking* a*nd * most hopeful spread the fire. In a Wichita church one man was able to gather a band of feature of the convention was the personal workers who were the means emphasis on prayer-in the call to of winning 3,000 converts in the disthe convention; in the daily cards trict. distributed for the "Morning Watch" and in the daily sessions and ad- But the responsibility for using dresses. Man is potent only as he is the inspiration gained at Kansas linked with God's omnipotence. City is world-wide. There has been a vision of the needs of the world. The Delegates' Responsibility Many volunteers have fallen at the front. Who will fill their places? The great privileges and opportunities of such a convention neces- Results of Student Conventions sarily involve grave responsibilities on those who attend. These were These large Volunteer Convenwell presented by Sherwood Eddy at tions are justified only by the results the deeply-impressive dosing session secured in the lives of individuals on Sunday evening. The possibilities and of communities. Since the beof such a gathering of educated lead- ginning of the work twenty-seven ers can scarcely be imagined if these years ago, 5,882 student volunteers young men and young women have have sailed for foreign mission fields. heard the voice of God, have seen In the last four years 1,466 have the vision of service and fully conse- left America-this is the largest numcrate their lives to following His ber in anyone quadrennial-more will. Out of such a convention may than sailed in all the first twelve come the futUre Motts, and Speers, years of the movement. A larger and Eddys, and Hortons and Ding Ii number of new volunteers were also Meis, and Azariahs not only of enrolled in the past four years than America, but of China and Africa, in any previous similar period. of India and Japan, of Turkey and South America. One of the greatest advances has been in mission study classes. The The student delegates have first a membership in these has increased in responsibility to themselves-to face the last four years from 29,000 to the facts thoughtfully and honestly and then to act with conscientious loyalty and devotion.

THOUSAND STUDENTS IN LINE FOR MISSIONS

40,000. This study and world vision women. They formed a striking ob- have also meant an intensified prayer ject lesson of the results and the op- life and deepened spirituality among portunity of foreign missions. Most the students and have helped to trans- of these are preparing for Govern- form many individuals and many ment service in China and some of college communities. them were not yet Christians. Each The most spectacular sessions of afternoon they held their own con- the convention were those of Friday, ferences and on the third day six Saturday and Sunday nights. On openly confessed their faith in Christ the first, after Dr. Mott's address, for the first time, and five others the delegates contributed in ten min- agreed to study the Gospels and to utes over $80,000 ($20,000 a year) follow Christ so far as He appealed for the work of the movement in the to their reason and consciences. Over next four years. This is about one- twenty of the Chinese delegates were half of the amount needed. The led to determine to devote their lives second was on Saturday when Secre- to distinctively Christian service in tary of State Bryan and Dr. J. A. China. This means that they have McDonald of the Toronto Globe de- renounced the prospects of political livered oratorical mIssIonary ad- preferment and have chosen to fol- dresses; and the third and most im- low the way of the Cross-service pressive was when, as the entire audi- through sacrifice.

ence stood, the names were read of The greatest student convention the fifty-three volunteers who have died world has ever seen passes into his- since the previous convention. Of tory to make history. We are confi- these the name most often lovingly fident that men and women received mentioned by many speakers was that there a new vision of Christ that has of William Borden, the young volun- led to neW consecration, a new felteer who consecrated his wealth and lowship with God that has brought himself to the cause of Christ and laid new health and power and a new down his life in Cairo. After the view of the world that will lead reading of the "honor roll" and the hundreds, perhaps thousands, to place singing of the martyrs' hymn, the stu- themselves at the disposal of our dent volunteers at the convention who Lord, cost 'What it may. Never has expect to sail this year-nearly one there been in the history of the hundred of them-stood and were world a convention of so many Chrisdedicated in prayer to their life work. tian students to study the needs of It was a solemnizing moment and yet the world and to face their own'inone of ,joyful anticipations, such as might characterize the departure of dividual responsibility to supply those fresh troops for a life-saving battle needs. In the words of the chairman, on the frontier. Dr. Mott: "If this convention disap- One unusual feature of the con- points Christ, what means can we ex- vention was the presence of 160 pect will arouse men and women to Chinese delegates-many of them respond to His call."

A State Religion for

llY REV. ARTHUR H. SMITH, T'UNG CHOU :Missionary of the American Board; author of "China in Convulsion," etc.

N the two years which scale at the end of the civil war in the middle "sixties" of the last cen- III I have elapsed since the tury. establishment of the Chinese Republic it During the past few years, as has become evident is well known, the leaders of thought both to the Chinese in Japan have been greatly troubled themselves and to old residents of over similar symptoms in that em- China, that an unfavorable change pire, and their anxiety for the morals has come over the morals of the of the people led in the early part of Chinese people. There is a general 1912 to the singular Conference of disregard not only for the fixt cus- Religions in Tokyo, which attracted toms of the past, but of rules, regu- so much attention in Japan and out lations, laws, and of authority in of it. During the past year and more general. scores of thousands of soldiers have been discharged from the Chinese Individualism in its extreme form army. They constitute a justly has invaded the land of conservative dreaded class. Many of them took and patriarchal antecedents. The with them their arms and ammuniominous terms for "Liberty," and tion, and almost at once there began "Equality," are now a well-recog- a reign of terror in several province!; nized part of Chinese speech, and which has spread until it has become while they are not understood they more or less characteristic of the are aggressively misunderstood. whole land. This 1S sometimes F'ing teng – "all-on-a-Ievel" – is a termed "quiet anarchy" (a correct phrase used in China with a new description with the exception of the content, and if present-tiay notions limiting adjective), a state of things were to be carried to their logical to which the Chinese have been aclimits there would seem to be an customed for millenniums, whenever end of any kind of control over any favoring conditions, such as a change one in China. In this experience of dynasty, etc., exist. It is as true China is only repeating that of other now as it seems always to have been lands. The French Revolution, with that the evils of China have been its frightful aftermath, has never largely economic in their ongm. been forgotten by modern civiliza- Were there work enough and food tion. Not unlike that destructive enough for- all the people events epoch was the phase through which would take a different course, a the newly formed United States went large and roomy IF, which is found for some decades after their freedom in other countries also. But it is not was theoretically won. A like phe- in roaming bandit soldiers alone, and nomenon was witnessed on a smaller in amateur hands of predatory illusion for all those who thought civilians always to be found in China, China's salvation was to be evolved that the absence of restraint is shown. by this piece of machinery. Party Taxes and Corruption spirit ran too high, greed was too obviously rampant, and there reigned At the beginning of the revolution it a supreme incapacity to rise to the was thought prudent-so it was said emergency of China's dire need. So -to promise that the advent of the large and so unwieldy a body, ham- republic would be accomplished by pered by rules of an impossible the remission of all taxes-for a quorum, placed a premium upon dis- time. No bad habit is so easily and order and upon blocking all business so radically cured as that of paying by merely withdrawal from the taxes, and once cured it was hard to chamber. As each party did this in get it started again-and remain<; :'0 turn the result was a long record of to this day. The hated Manchu costly nullities.

was largely hated because he always Delay of Religion wanted money, and if the republic was to demand also, what was tht Religious faith, it is pointed out, good of a change? During these two has manifestly decayed. Even in the years the provinces which heretofore Manchu dynasty temples were turned have always supplied the government wholesale into school-houses, with or with funds, have sent only driblets, without the consent of "the people,"

and so China is contracting the loan who then figured very ·1ittle. Under habit, which, unless checked, can a republic all this would be amended, lead only to bankruptcy and to active but it has gone on as before, and intervention. The same disregard of this not only in great cities like Can- rules has long existed in the schools ton and Tientsin-the two most con- of all grades, where the scholars have spicuous examples-but in rural re- practically taken charge, boycotting gions passim. Buddhist priests have and securing the dismissal of teachers, not infrequently tried to recover their insisted upon certain courses of study temples by putting themselves- into to the exclusion of others, upon easy communication and alliance with examinations, high marks, and im- Japanese Buddhists, always ready to mediate employment after graduation. interfere in Chinese affairs. But the Of most of the evils the Govern- Chinese Government III Manchu ment University in Peking has been times refused to listen to the -and still is-a most flagrant ex- specious plea by Japanese that Bud- ample. It has been a common com- .dhism should be put on a level with plaint that corruption, always abound- Christianity as a privileged religion, ing in China, has been even worse on the ground that there was nothing and more unblushing under the re- of the sort mentioned in the treaties public than before, for the reason that with Japan. Something therefore previous restraints no .longer restrain. 111ust be done to rehabilitate the The conduct of the Parliament, upon morals of China. When the republic which such high hopes were set, was was launched it was openly pro- a distinct and a progressive dis- claimed by its promoters that hence-

forth we were to have religious of Confucius and His School," which liberty in China, and this promise are published by the university. Mr. has been often reaffirmed down to Ch'en is very learned in Confucianthe assembling of Parliament, and ism and in economics, and he has the work of the large committee to succeeded in establishing a relationwhich was entrusted the drafting of ship between them hitherto altogether the new Constitution. unexpected, unless by the initiated. It appears that Confucius was not It was not long, however, before only a moralist, as we all knew, but we began to hear that an article was more particularly a political econin contemplation making Confucian- omist, who saw and who foresaw ism the state religion of China, an nearly everything that is now known, announcement received with much and more clearly than we know it. natural incredulity by those who knew Mr. Ch'en's volumes are monuments what irreconcilable differences of of industry, according to our ideas opmlon have long existed as to mistakenly applied, but well adapted whether Confucianism conforms to to mislead those who accept the the definition of "a religion" at all. author's large assumptions. This is It is only within the past few years not the place to examine them nor that the Chinese language had had to point out their fallacies-tho it any phrase to express the concept may be desirable that this should "religion," and the compound now somewhere be done. Being a in use (Cltsung-chiao") means liter- thoroughly sincere believer in Conally ancestral instruction, but it has fucianism as the only possible hope come to China from Japan-with for China and the coming religion many another new term-to "supVly of mankind, it was natural for Mr. a want which has long been felt," not, Ch'en to desire to have it stamped however, felt by the Chinese them- with governmental approval. But selves, but by others who have to here serious difficulties began. Conuse the Chinese language. The ques- fucianists themselves were found to tion whether Confucianism is or is be of different minds, some gladly not in the Occidental sense "a re- welcoming the plan of establishing ligion" has never had the smallest Confucianism as an omen of salvainterest for the Chinese-even if tion for China, while others denied they could have comprehended it- that Confucianism is or ever was, or but now that they are increasingly ever can be, a "religion," pointing sensitive to Western ideas it is other- out that there is no God in the cult, wise. 110 worship but that performed by emperors now banished from the re- The prime mover in the vigor- public, and no general agreement as ous effort to establish at this late day to what is and what is not Cona state religion for China, is under- fucianism. stood to be Mr. Ch'en Huan-chang, is a graduate of Columbia University, Christianity and Confucianism N. Y., a few years ago, who prepared as his thesis for the degree of philoso- It is at this point that Western exphy a treatise in two extended vol- perience becomes illuminating. ~What umes on "The Economic Principles is Christianity? Its roots are in the

A STATE RELIGION FOR CHINA

Old Testament, its flower is in the written. When Confucianism is "es- New Testament, Its fruitage is scat- tablished," what is it that is estabtered through the ages, with all the lished? discordant elements to be taken account of and if possible harmonized. Buddhists, Mohammedans and Christians alike look upon the pro- What is "Confucianism ?" Con- posed measure with signal disfavor. fucius affirmed that he was not an The two former religions have reoriginator but a transmitter. He cently blossomed out as "churches" gathered up the results of a millen- ("Fo Chiao," "Hui Chiao"), stirred nium or two of pre-Confucian Con- to valorous verbal deeds by Chrisfucianism, and embodied them in his tian competition. But they demand edition of the older writings. His "liberty," which no one ever heard immediate disciples gathered up the of until the other day, and can easily memorabilia of Confucius and these make trouble unless they get it. in turn became classics. Mencius, born about a hundred years later Argument Against Establishment than Confucius, amplified, illustrated and enforced the teachings of the This is the argument which Chi- Master and himself became the Sec- nese and foreigners alike are enond Sage. All of his writings are deavoring t9 force into the skull of of course Confucian also. The Han the Confucianist who does not know and the T'ang dynasties brought history. If Confucianism-whatever forth numberless commentators upon it is-is "established," everything else the great body of works esteemed is thereby disestablished. Disestabclassical, but it was left for Chufutze, lished persons and ideas make trouof the Sung dynasty (born 1130, died ble. This a struggling republic can 1200 A.D. ), to fix the correct inter- not afford. The Mongols are pretation of the ancient classics for lamaists and half of Mongolia is the seven centuries to follow. What already forfeited to Russian guile, Chu Hsi said the classics meant they force and greed-shall we alienate the did mean and do mean, what he said rest? The Tibetans are of the same they did not mean is heresy. Few religion as the Mongols, at a time men in history have so tyrannized when Tibet is struggling to escape over their successors as this great from Chinese bondage; are we to scholar and commentator has. done. disestablish their ancient religion To disagree was to cut oneself off also? Are we to repeat in Olina the from any hope of degrees, of office, Thirty Years' War of Europe? and of promotion. Therefore heresy has been at a discount, and stiff When Confucianism comes to be orthodoxy has had the "middle of examined by modern Confucianists the road," and both sides as well. freed from the intellectual disabililies Now that we have freedom of of their fathers, many things will thought and expression the ques- come to light. Ancestor worship is tion, "What is Confucianism?" is one against the modern spirit and repreof great complexity upon which sents but one earlier stage of human libraries might be-perhaps will be- evolution. It is doubtful if it can long be kept on at the old valuation, and eventually it will probably be greatly modified.

The Book of Changes-oldest of versies on the deepest and most inthe classics-was greatly revered by tricate topics of human thought and Confucius, who remarked that if he life is suicidal. So say many of the had the time he would give fifty most intelligent Chinese. years additional to its study. It is likely that the modern Confucianist At present there is little likeiihood will part company with "the Master" that Confucianism can get itself esat this point. The Book of Chat"J.ges tablished in China. But it is quite and the Science of Chemistry do not possible to have indefinite and vexamatch one another. It is hard to tious "regulations" introduced by the see how both can hold sway. But Board of Education, or by Presichemistry is too firmly rooted in fact dential mandate, which may cause to be dislodged by ingenious combina- serious trouble. While these can not tions of long and short straight lines, be permanent they may do great with treatises on them forming, in harm before they are abrogated. the words of Schlegel, "a mechanical Every well wisher of China should play of idle abstractions." pray that wisdom may be given to those in charge of the new ship-of- Every ounce of utility in China is state that it may not be wrecked, but vitally needed at this crucial epoch. may enter upon a voyage longer and To introduce and to necessitate far more prosperous than those in elaborate and irreconcilable contro- its past history.

THE MISSION CALL BY PROF. JAS. LEWIS HOWE, LEXINGTON, VIRGINIA Why should I give? What can God need from me, When His are all the earth and sky and sea? What worth to Him my little all would be?

He wants me to I Why should I go? Archangels He could send To bear His Word to earth's remotest end; Yet "Go ye!" comes the call to me, His friend.

He wants me to!

Why should I pray? By feeble voice Him move? Bends He a listening ear to me in love? Yet when I cry He answers from above.

He wants me to!

"Am with you alway"; "All the power"; "Then go!" His final message. Am I, then, so slow I shall not do His will? Enough to know He wants me to!

Experts at The

THE RECENT MEETING OF THE CONTINUATION COMMITTEE OF THE WORLD MISSIONARY CONFERENCE BY THE REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.D., VICE-CHAIRMAN ~T HE Continuation Com– were beautifully exprest in her mes- mittee, appointed by . the World Missionary sage as follows: Conference at Edin- burgh in 19IO, held its "It affords me a twofold pleasure third annual meeting to bid you welcome to my country, as I thus have an opportunity of asat The Hague in Holland. The first suring you how warmly my feelings coincide with those of the commitannual meeting was held at Bishop tee in its sacred work, and also gives me occasion to declare my af- Auckland Castle, England, where the finity of soul with the grand task which is aimed at by the continuamembers of the committee were the tion of the efforts of the Edinburgh Conference. personal guests of the Bishop of "Your aspiration to unity and co- Durham. The American members operation in mission work is reechoed in the Netherlands. Here, too, we could not entertain the Committee at aim at a sympathetic understanding of foreign races as faithful disciples a castle eight hundred years old and of Him who came to serve. I con- sider your visit and your presence at so they selected the beautiful and the Dutch Missionary Conference as a good omen, showing that those picturesque Lake Mohonk, New among my compatriots who are in- terested in the missionary cause per- York, for the second meeting. The severe in realizing these principles.

third session, at The Hague, last "My earnest wish is that the spirit of unity of all followers of Christ, November, was an example of Over- members of His invisible community, may gain in intensity, and that our flowing Dutch hospitality. The people Savior may direct our hearts and develop the strength of our comof the city, headed by the Prime bined prayer.

Minister, took up a subscription, "May our zeal be inspired and sanctified, and we all be fitted for the which gave the committee the exclu- several vocations to which Christ calls us individually; so that the sun sive use of the spacious Hotel Castle of His truth may shine over the whole world, shedding light in the Oud-Wassenaer. Several hundred of darkness of human misery and glad- dening the hearts of all mankind the Christians of the city welcomed with the ineffable richness of His divine love." the Committee in a reception, while The Continuation Committee as now the Queen sent a message for the constituted consists of thirty-nine opening session, and the day after ad- members, of whom ten represent the journment entertained the COplmittee at her summer palace at Apeldoorn.

It was evident that the Queen and the Prince Consort have a real in- terest in the missionary work for which the Committee was convened.

Queen Wilhelmina's Christian faith and her intelligent recognition of the place of foreign missionary work

Continent of Europe, twelve Great tion Committee. The following list Britain, fifteen North America, in- of committees indicates the scope of cluding the United States and Canada, subjects on which reports were renand one each Australia and South dered and which formed the main Africa. There are many who attach topics of discussion: large significance to the fact that this Committee is the first body of Committee on Missionary Survey and Oc- Christians in the history vf the world cupation. which has brought representatives of such widely varying nationalities and Committee on the Development of Trainforms of religious belief into uni- ing Schools for Missionaries on the ted conference regarding the exten- Field. sion of the Kingdom of God. Around that conference table sit Committee on Christian Education. Christian leaders from fifteen differ- Committee on Christian Literature. ent countries-England, Scotland, Committee on Work Among Moslems. France, Germany, Holland, Denmark, Committee on the Church in the Mission Switzerland, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Canada, Africa, Australia and Field. the United States. These members Committee on Medical Missions. represent not only so many different Committee on Cooperation and Unity. countries, but practically all the Committee on Missionary Statistics. varieties of evangelical Christian Committee on Publications. thought from High Church Anglicans to the Society of Friends. The work of these committees IS Apart, therefore, from anything that laid out on a large scale, and an exthe Committee may do, it is not an tensive correspondence is conducted unimportant sign of the times that to gather material for the use of the the day has come when it is possible missionaries and the Boards. The to have such a committee, and possi- chairman of the Continuation Comble, too, for that committee to dis- mittee, Dr. John R. Mott, gives a cuss, as it does, the largest and most large part of his time to the work difficult questions with entire frank- and expects to give still more of it ness and in a spirit of perfect har- in the future. Mr.]. H. Oldham, mony. the secretary, gives his entire time to the work of the Committee and to It would be impossible here to give the editorship of the International in detail the proceedings at the eigh- Review. The reports of these special teen crowded sessions of the full committees necessarily occupied much Committee and a score or more meet- of the time at the meeting of The ings of sub-committees and special Hague, as the plans of each comcommittees. The permanent work of mittee were passed in review and the Continuation Committee is done carefully discust. Large attention, through ten special committees, each too, was given to the report of the one of which has an international Chairman, Dr. Mott, upon his recent membership including eminent men tour among the missions in India, and women outside of the Continua- China, Japan and Korea.* Since the Continuation Committee has no power whatever over either Boards or Missions, but is purely . 'The "Findings" of. the conferences of mis· sionaries, which were held in connection with his tour, are now accessible in a handsome volume of 488 pa~es, and it is earnestly to he hoped that these • Findings" will be carefully studied not only by missionaries but by those who are con- nected with the home Boards. .

A TWICE-BORN TURK II3

advi50ry and consultative in charac- been accomplished and a sobering ter, its chief energies are given to a sense of responsibility for the right study of the problems of modern solution of vexed problems. missions, to accumulating facts and to' the consideration of international Third: The almost overwhelming and interdenominational questions, sense of the obligation that rests not formerly considered by individuals or only upon the missionary body but by separate Boards. The Committee upon the native churches and upon is careful to avoid questions regard- the churches at home to meet the ing which it has no right to speak, extraordinary and unprecedented opbut it has an extensive area to cover portunities which now confront the within the limits defined by the Edin- Church of God throughout the nonburgh Conference. Christian world.

Four special characteristics may be Fourth: The spirit of devotion noted with regard to the meeting at which prevailed and prominently The Hague: characterized every session. Not only the special pe.r;-iod set apart every day First: The thoroughness and for intercessory prayer but all the painstaking care with which the prob- deliberations of the Committee were lems of the work were considered marked by this spirit. We had a very and the large amount of ti~e and tender and yet a very solemn sense thought which busy men are giving of the reality of the presence of Alto them. mighty God, and the members separ- ated to take up their respective tasks Second: A candid facing of the with new faith and with new courdefects and limitations of the mis- age. sionary enterprise, an absence of the spirit of undue boasting of what has A Twice-born "Turk"–Part V THE REMARKABLE REMINISCENCES OF A CONVERTED MOSLEM SHEIKH TRANSLATED BY ARTHUR T. UPSON, CAIRO, EGYPT Superintendent of the Nile Mission Press "Infallibility of the Propheta"-A Public ing in the Azhar in those days was Inquisition only a comparison of the teacher's book with the students' book. Occa- .a.di:…l.oqji!JJ,HEIKH: When I had sionally there would be some criti- obtained diplomas in cism of the text studied, but as for various subjects from philosophy and logic they were abso- the Azhar University, lutely prohibited. one of my friends told me that there were at I wrote to ·my father asking his permission to travel to Dumyat, but Dumyat certain Sheikhs especially he did not answer me. Finally I well-read in logic, which is the test went to Dumyat and took, 'a room of all sciences. The manner of teach-

and attended the lectures given by His face became red, but he conthe chief professors in ancient philos- trolled himself and said to me, "Upon ophy and logic. you be peace, and the mercy of God," etc. One day while sitting with an Egyptian officer in the market 1 took" a seat on his right and we place, mention was made of the began to take our coffee. The chief claim of the Moslems for the Sheikh turned to me and said: infallibility of their prophets. I drew his attention to certain Koranic "A crowd of Moslems have come verses and traditions which com- to me to-day complaining that you pletely contradicted this claim. On have said words which made the the next night one of the professors skins of all believers shudder, namely, came to my room and said that the that you hold the non-infallibility of chief Sheikh wanted me in his house the prophets and apostles. You know because many Moslems had com- that this contradicts the Islamic reliplained that I had attacked the doc- gion, and religious disturbances will trine of the infallibility. of the result from it. We take refuge in prophets. God from such, but do you realIy hold the non-infallibility of the We found the Sheikh surrounded prophets? by an admiring circle of professors, not less than twenty. I saluted them "1 hold exactly what the Koran with "Salaams," but no one replied. says in this matter," 1 replied, "but I then stept backward, but the Sheikh I do not hold the explanations of the stopt me and said, "Why are you go- commentators. As you know, it is ing back?" 1 said, "Because I have not allowable to so explain a text my doubts about an assembly in so as to divert it from its simple which there is no Salaam, which is meaning unless for some strong inthe rule in Islam. They said, "Oh, tellectual reason. Now, as there is that is because you have followed not in the Koran a single verse which delusion, whereas Salaam is only for refers to the infallibility of the prophthose who follow the truth." I said, ets, then we are compelled to hold "But this is worse than before, for their non-infallibility. you as the Sheikh of all the learned doctors have adjudged my error be- "As for your statement that this fore you hear my speech. Such a makes men shudder, learned men thing is contrary to the Moslem such as yourself should know that religious law." He was very angry, many Moslems have held that cerand cried out, "Be quiet; may you tain prophets and apostles have wilbe deprived of a mother" (an Arabic fully disobeyed God in connection curse). 1 said, "Praise God who with all the 'greater' sins, excepting created me able to speak, not dumb, only the falsifying of His message. and I know my mother and my father Now I venture to say with all boldalso." Mohammed said, "Get knowl- ness that the doctrine of the infalliedge, tranquility and clemency. What bility of the prophets is a denial of has your Excellency learned of the Koran and the sound traditions and the Torah and the Injil. Seeknowledge ?" ing that this assembly contains so many learned men, there is no

A TWICE-BORN TURK II5

need for me to quote the various The friend was ordered to be verses from the Koran and the tra- brought with the book. The trunk ditions which prove the sins of the was brought in, but they could not prophets, but I will repeat the say- find anything in it that they could ing of Ahmad ibn Hanbal and object to, except the books of AI others, quoting from Anas, that the Milal wan-Nihal. prophet said that 'all the sons of Adam are sinners, but the best of The Sheikh decided that these were sinners are the repentant ones.''' not prohibited.

Bible Stolen and Burned As for the Holy Bible, the Sheikh then asked me: I hardly finished this speech before the clamor of voices arose "Is this really yours?" against me. The Sheikhs cried out "Yes." as tho I had given utterance to "Where did you get it?" the greatest blasphemy, but fortu- "I bought it in Cairo." nately the officer protected me from "Why did you buy this book of the them, or they would have beaten me. Christians ?" Instead they curst me to their "Because the Koran came confirmhearts' content. I stood on my seat ing it, and I wish to compare them, with the officer by my side and said: especially as the Koran praises it with much praise and quotes from "Oh, men, say that 'God is one,' many of its verses. This is my but hear a word from me which will greatest reason for wishing to read be the deciding word. I refer to the it." Koran and the sound traditions everything that· I have said, and He smiled sardonically and said: then you may convince me if you "Have yon heard that the Jews and can bring forward sound proof. If Christians have corrupted it, and I am wrong, punish or kill me as filled it with all sorts of blasphemy you like, but let not your assembly against God?" of the Sheikhs of the town become a bed of anarchy." "When was that?" I asked. "And how did it happen that two bodies They all heard my voice and be- at enmity one with the other could came silent, when one of them said: agree together to alter their book, and how could they gather the copies "I have heard that this deluded from all the world to corrupt them one has in his box certain prohibited all ?" books." "Be quiet," he said, "and fear God, Two of them got up and by force or you will go to perdition." took away the key of my room and went to bring the box. Another said: He then stript the cover of the Bible and ordered paraflin to be "I saw the book of the Christians, poured cUpon it and lighted, saying, the Holy Bible, with a friend of his "Praise be to God, Who has ·let us yesterday, and when I asked him remove this forbidden thing." where he got it from, he said that the Syrian Sheikh had lent it him to "Truly," I said, "this is the greatread." est of wonders, that sin should be called obedience and God should be praised for it, and that you should

destroy the property of another man visits. When he learned that I. was wi.thout his permission. Do you be- going to be sent to Athens to study lieve that to be allowable?" Christian theology, he went straight to some of the fanatical Moslems and The Sheikh then slapped my face so told them. Then he came to my hard as to cause my nose to bleed. hotel, and began to weep bitterly and My officer friend became very an- to reproach me. He assured me that gry, and drew me out and said, it would end in my being forbidden "Come, for I take refuge in God to see the faces of my father and from the evil actions of these bar- friends. barians." We went out, and the officer asked me to go to the police and Satan won the victory over me just inform against the Sheikh. I refused, then, and I joined him in his regrets for I knew that that would only and sorrow. Then he took me to the bring me much worse injury, the public bath, where I underwent the least of which would be that they washing of Tauba (repentance). He would bear witness that I had blas- also took me to the mosque, where I phemed. prayed the prayer of repentance and divested myself of all my previous N ext day one of the Sheikhs came opinions. and told me to leave Dumyit, for the people were rising against me, and Now I blindly surrendered myself I must go, in order to prevent the to the Islamic religion without any evidence and in spite of my own shedding of my blood. When r mental temperament, which hated vain tradition, so that I was in conwalked in the street I could see the tinual conflict with my conscience. evil looks of men cast upon me, and could hear their curses. Some one informed my father that I was in Beirut, and he sent to the Washing Away Christian Doctrine Mufti asking for me to be sent back to my town. I sorrowfully went In a few days God opened the back. Many times in those days I way for me to travel to Beirut. As wavered between Satari and Christ, I had but little money, I sold my praying: gold watch. With a friend I called upon the Bishop of the Greek Ortho- "Oh, God, I turn to Thee from erdox Church. When he found out ror. I wash myself in the blood of the how I stood, he began to prove to Redeemer, and I know that Thou me, from the Bible, Adam's original dost receive my repentance. Estabsin and God's promise to His proph- lish the faith in my heart and make it ets to send a ransom. He also ex- grow. Sanctify it that it may be a plained to me some of the types dwelling-place for Thee and graciousfound in the Mosaic rites. He gave ly guide the wandering lambs to the me pernusslOn to visit him day by right fold of Thy Holiness. Lead day, but there was a Moslem shop my brother Moslems to the right near his door. This shopkeeper saw path. Amen." me drest in the usual long-sleeved cloak and loose turban, and made it NARRATOR: Tears fell down the his business to enquire of one· of the Sheikh's cheeks as he reported this, servants what was the reason for my and he said, "This is sufficient for to- day; let us meet again to-morrow."

(To be continued)

HALL OF THE CHRISTIAN INSTITUTE, TSINANFU, SHANTUNG

Evangelization In Shantung BY REV. R. C. FORSYTH, SHANTUNG, CHINA ~1:issionary of the English Baptist Mission ~I TINERATION 30 years~ and West and come back for an even- ago was a very different in~ meeting at headquarters. This, if thing from what it is weather permits, is usually held out- now. The new German side and generally commands a large railway, running as it audience, as after the work of the does straight through day is over and the evening meal par- taken of they are prepared to listen the Province from east to west, gives to what is said. The order followed is the singing of several hymns, which great facility to the missionary to helps to attract the villagers to the meeting-place. The Chinese are fond reach his down-country work more of singing, but it is not all of them who can sing, and the result is sometimes quickly. Formerly a great deal of time rather trying, but if trained in our Sunday-schools the children and and hard travel under very primitive young people can sing very sweetly. After the singing, short addresses are conditions had to be made before the given by several of the evangelists and a final word spoken by the missionary outstation could be reached. Now in charge. Books and tracts are dis- the railway in an hour or two takes you quickly and comfortably within a reasonable distance of the outstation which you wish to make your head- quarters for the time being. The usual plan adopted is to have evangelists go by two's to the North, South, East

tributed and Gospel portions are sold teachers, and girls' schools, if in the under cost price. By this means the same village, are usually some distance seed sowing in a given district is fairly apart. The most that one teacher can well done. undertake to teach thoroughly is ten pupils. The Chinese character is so Catechumen Classes heavy a burden on every scholar that work is begun in the early morning in Of course as often as practicable the the summer and at daylight in the same or a neighboring district is winter and carried on with intervals visited in this way and if any direct for meals right through the day, and in results occur these are gathered into the summer late on in the evening. classes for catechumens. Classes for The curriculum includes the recognimen are held separately from those for tion of the character, graded up to a women, to avoid scandal so common in certain standard, elementary geothese eastern lands. They are held for graphy, arithmetic, etc., and a thorough ten days, a fortnight or three weeks course in the Gospels and narrative and a regular program and time-table parts of the Old Testament. The day is made out for each day. Elemen- begins with the singing of a hymn, tary subjects are taught, mainly Scrip- reading and explanation of a portion ture. The doctrinal part is taught by of Scripture and prayer, all joining in means of a simple Catechism which is the Lord's prayer. The children are memorized and explained, and each thus passed through a course of four one is instructed in the Lord's prayer, years' elementary studies. If they are the ten commandments, grace before able to pass the entrance examination, meat, etc., and most learn some of the and can afford the fees they may prohymns in common use. After attend- ceed to the secondary school, and fiing such classes, which are held in the nally to the College, where a course spring and autumn and are found in equal to an English B. A. degree may constant attendance at worship in be finally obtained. Thus the system whatever place may be most con- of Christian education is costly but venient. Then, as a rule, after 18 thoroughly sound. Consequently gradmonths' probationary period, they are uates are eagerly sought for as pasexamined by the native pastor and tors, teachers, and evangelists, and can deacons and after public baptism are easily obtain important positions anyreceived into the native church. They where in China and even in governare exhorted as to the virtue and ne- ment service. The children of Chriscessity of Christian giving, are duly tian parents are usually sent to school admonished regarding family worship and invariably enter the native Chrisand strict attendance at the Sunday tion Church. The teacher is also a services, and in all ways prove out Christian and generally undertakes the of a good conversation that they are Sunday services for the Christians of truly the disciples of Christ. the village, and sometimes leads his scholars out on a Saturday half holi- Christian Primary Education day and while the children join heartily in the singing the teacher does the In every duly accredited station or preaching. The presence of the clean, outstation it is sought to establish a school. Boys are taught by male

EVANGELIZATION IN SHANTUNG II9

bright, intelligent faces of the children of all the region round. The patients is in itself a powerful and attractive are instructed in Christianity and sup- evidence for Christianity, which is plied with books and tracts when they keenly appreciated by the heathen leave.

parents. The school could be A Chri.tian Institute swamped by children of heathen, and A unique effort in the evangeliza- all our arrangements utterly break tion of Shantung is made in the capital down if we were to allow them to of the Province Tsinanfes. Here is come, as they are eager to do. The found the Christian Institute which lack of efficient teachers is a great has been in operation for some years.

drawback and in government institu- In the Museum, attached to the Insti- tions the absence of competent instruc- tute, are a number of Zoological speci- tors is the one difficulty which is in- mens, maps of large dimensions, superable and can only be gradually globes, charts and tables of statistics of overcome as the supply is available. all kinds suitable for students or intel- Efficient Christian teaching in our ligent officials. Visitors to the number primary schools is the source of intel- of hundreds of thousands pass through ligent, well-instructed Christians, the it every year. The highest officials of backbone of the church. the capital have all made use of it.

Every hour evangelistic teaching and Medical Work preaching takes place and short addresses given by trained assistants. Another fruitful source of the spread of Christianity in any given Lectures are given to students in the district are medical hospitals, of which lecture hall on special subjects and almost every foreign manned station has one and sometimes two in opera- made attractive by lantern and cinetion. This appeals powerfully to the matograph exhibitions. Chinese as an evidence for Christianity which they can neither gainsay or re- There need be no hesitation in affirmsist. That they should be received ing that the influence for good from into clean, and from their point of this institution has been incalculable view, very comfortable quarters, and it has done much to bring us into friendly contact with people from all parts of the province.

tended by a skilled physician from the The Revolution west and sometimes even by a trained There is no doubt whatever that the nurse and this without any expense to new revolution has broken down all them, is a fact which baffles all their barriers of resistance. During the previous theories and makes an entry Manchu administration the latent opthrough gratitude not only into the position was rapidly dying out but heart of the recipient but through him since the new regime has eventuated no or her into the family and into the opposition of any kind is noticeable. village where the patient comes from, On the contrary missionaries and their and from surrounding villages. Thus converts have been treated with every the medical work is a source of the respect, and during all the wild out- propagation of Christianity second to bursts of unpaid soldiery, no native none, and by its silent and beneficent Christian or foreign missionary was working, makes for the evangelization harmed in any way. That an entire

change in the attitude of officials to- but the millions. Every Christian ward Christianity has occurred is very church should contend earnestly for evident. Sabbath, as a rest day, is the honor of placing their best offer- duly observed in all the government ing of consecrated talent on the mis- colleges. On the calendars issued by sion field, supporting them not merely the government the days of the week by gifts and prayers, but sharing the begin with Sunday and end with Satur- sorrows, the hardships, the isolation day as the seventh day. The foreign and by frequent cheerful communica- month, according to the Gregorian tion cause the missionary to feel that standard, is now the rule. There is no his sorrows are shared and his joys bar to government employ because of mUltiplied by vital contact with his Christianity, and all the heathen ob- native church. The cause of Christian servances are falling out of use. education in Shantung is planned on a It is borne in upon the writer that worthy scale, as regards the future, now is the day of salvation in China and we doubt not that the great need in a very marked and solemn sense. will justify their action and command If the Christian nations of Europe and success. But there is still a wide field America could realize the underlying for the itinerant evangelist, and unless need for Christ which every human this work is faithfully done by men heart consciously or unconsciously and women who are willing to make must feel and which nothing else or for themselves no reputation if so be less can satisfy. Could the Christian that the cause be advanced, then all Church throughout the world hear the other branches of the work will corre- call from heathen lands and think and spondingly suffer. China for Christ in pray over what the command of Christ this generation is not only, humanly as to going into all the world and speaking, practicable, but in the preaching the Gospel to every creature opinion of the writer after nearly 30 must mean in his or her connection, years' experience, never was so easily then might we not expect greater attainable as now.

things than these. In this land of What! have we no Christian states- China at any rate the day of deliver- men in the mother churches who can ance has dawned and the Christian weld the forces of Christian civiliza- Church in the older republic should tion and lead the church in a campaign surely rise to the opportunity and sup- grander than any the world has ever ply the help which the Chinese confi- seen, and proclaim a Christian crusade dently expect and should unfailingly in this ancient kingdom which will receive. There must be also a new speedily place it in the first rank of standard in giving not merely the miteS' Christian nations.

and Triumph In

BY REV. J. L. GERDINE, SEOUL, KOREA HE outstanding feature Among the indirect results of the trial we note a wider interest and IIT l, of the missionary situ- deeper sympathy for the Korean . '- ation in Korea dllring Church both in America and in Eu- ~ 1913 has been the con- rope. Few events in the history of clusion of the so- missions have called forth a larger volume of prayer throughout the c a 11 e d " conspiracy Christian world.

trial" which, in its various stages, has The body of the Christian Church in Korea has been strengthened in covered more than two years. The faith, courage and determination by this testing. Any defections that have charges in this case involved not only occurred have been from among that element as yet ungrounded in faith the character of representative Chris- and experience.

tians, but indirectly cast aspersions The growth of the Christian com- munity in Korea has probably been upon a prominent portion of the temporarily checked by the abnormal condition which has existed during Church in Korea. The trial has the past two years, but it is hoped that the higher authorities will more been concluded by judgments set- carefully guard against another simi- lar police blunder and the possibility .ting free 116 of the 123 men of the repetition of such a condition. The non-Christian Koreans have all originally put upon trial. Judg- along had confidence in the innocence of their accused countrymen. Aside ment against one went by default. from the temporary check referre(l to, the trial has created no obstacle in The records of the various trials the way of their acceptance of Chris- tianity. The effect, indeerl, has been have been very carefully prepared by rather to give them a better under- standing of its meaning and a more trustworthy persons and seemed to sympathetic ear for its message. Some have even been converted as a result compel the acquittal of the men who of this persecution. It may reason- ably be hoped that the rapid growth have been discharged. This record and development of the Koreal~ Church will continue. shows further, that there is no sub- stantial difference in the case against the six men who were sentenced. The courts, by discharging 116 of the ac- cused, discarded as untrustworthy thousands of pages of secret police in- vestigations, and yet retained a small portion of this same record as suf- ficient for the conviction of the six who are now serving their sentence.

The conviction of these six seems to be . an Oriental compromise, based solely upon expediency_ Nothing has been disclosed to discredit any of the men tried nor to show that any un- worthy spirit gbtCJ.ipl> in the Korean CJ:mn:h,

A wakening In

Phili ppines * BY BISHOP CHARLES H. BRENT, MANILA, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS ~J OHN MORLEY, when which has never ceased; the same he was Bishop of the force which made nations of France and Germany and England and Am- . Protestant Episcopal erica-the conscious acceptance of the Christ. While Japan was wrapt Church in New York, in profound slumber, and China was dreaming of her ancestors, the Phil- said that in the waters ippine Islands were partially awak- ened by the one touch which arouses of the Pacific America aspiration toward nationality as a permanence. In Chamberlain's "Founhad a great peril and a great oppor- dations of the Nineteenth Century" we have have this estimate of the tunity. It is always true that oppor- place of Christ in relation to national life: tunity is adjacent to peril, and when "N0 battle, no change of dynasty, we are inclined to be cowardly the peril no natural phenomenon, no discovery possesses a significance which can so shakes us that we do not see clearly be compared with that of the short life on earth of the Galilean. His the opportunity. That has been the birth is, in a sense, the beginning of history. The nations that are not case in relation to the Philippine Is- Christian, such as the Chinese, the Turks and others, have no llistory; lands, for there are some who are their story is but a chronicle on the one hand of ruling houses, butcheries afraid for the American Constitution and the like, and on the other repre- sents the dull, humble, almost· besthat we have evaded the issue and tially happy life of millions that sink in the night of time without leavhave not squarely faced the oppor- ing a trace."

tunity presented both to our nation The Filipinos, however inadequate their belief in Christ may be, are a and for the Filipinos themselves. people loyal to Christ, and therefore they have a hope of national self- In the main we are alive to our op- realization beyond any people of the Far East. So far as Japan and portunity; it has challenged us and China have hope of permanent na- I believe that Americans intend to rise to it. What is best for the Fili- pino will be best for America. VI[e must not be hampered by theory; but we must face facts amI deal with them in the .way' that living men should always deal with living issues.

I believe in the coming Filipino independence; but that independence must be synonymous with liberty; and if so it can not come now or in the very near future. It was not American influence which awoke the Filipino to that corporate self-esteem which emerges ultimately in national consciousness. In the sixteenth cen- tury a force began to play upon them *Report of an address deliy"red at the Mohonk Conference, October, 1913 tionality, it rests solely in Christian- It is no mere chance that related ity. Never yet has a nation been the Philippine Islands to America.

governed purely by politics so as to Consider th~ situation. The Philip- retain. a high national character; ma- pine Islands are cut off from contig- chinery can no more create a nation uous peoples by their Christianity.

than it can create a personality. They fear, and shrink from the Greece tried to keep her national Japanese as a menace. Tho they entity by creative art, and history belong to the Malay branch of the tells us how she failed. Rome built great Mongolian race, and intermar- the majesty of her domain on law, riage with the Chinese is· productive and altho ROJ;11.e stands as one of of good results, they have a rigid the wonders of history, Rome as a exclusion law forbidding Chinese en- nation failed. But when you add trance into their territory. And as the personality of the living Christ to for their Malay brothers to the South creative art and to the power that and West, they have about as much comes through law, then you have intercourse with them as with the such an element of permanence in a Eskimos.

nation that its destiny is immortal. To learn what even an inadequate The process of nationalization form of Christianity does for a peo- among the Filipinos may be slow, ple look from the Philippines to Ma- but it will be sure. It is not politics laysia and we see that' the difference that keeps a nation stable and con- between these peoples is the differ- tinuous. Nor is it a subtle genius ence between darkness and dawn.

given to some and denied to others. The religion of Christ transcends the It is Christianity. That which dis- bond of race, and ignores geograph- tinguishes East and West is not a ical contiguity. The fact that there matter of race or color. The domi- is a higher type of Christianity in nant (i.e., Aryan) West was born the Islands than formerly is in no in the East. It came to the West and smaIl degree due to the fact that the found Christ and was found by Him Protestant Churches have come in who was Himself a son of the Se- with American sovereignty, some of mite East. With Christ nationality them with a Puritan severity, and gained new vitality, so that we now the whole religious situation has been see nations to be sacred, not depend- toned up morally.

ent on dynasties or accidental genius. In Filipino Christianity even tho A nation in this new sense, is the a Christianity which needs to be creation of Christ and will be per- vastly enlightened and improved, lies petuated as long as it is loyal to Him. the directing and conserving force of Christianity is the religion of.perse- the Filipino as a nation. The mes- verance and permanence. The last tizos are already past masters in and fatal blow to the disintegrating politics. What is needed is character nation of Jews was their rej ection of which comes to those who are given the Corner Stone of their race. That facilities for self-realization through which distinguishes the West from the agencies of civilization under the the East is that the West, however egis of the Christian faith. Given inadequately, accepts Christ, and the that and there is capacity in a Chris- East does not. . . . tian people for development. . . .

In the Philippines medievalism, or be feared rather than courted, and compulsory imperialism, was the key- let Us hope that the last vestige of note of government until 18g8. Since Spartish political influence will have then the development into modernism vanished before that crowning phase has been by leaps rather than by even of liberty which expresses itself in progression. To-day the Philippines national independence is considered have a measure of autonomy un- and granted. When those who are known in any existing dependency. I now school boys are old enough and will go further. I know no instance experienced enough to take the lead in history where self-government has in the public life of their people, it reached so high development in a will be time enough to discuss indedependency. The Filipinos received pendence. after less than a decade that which was accorded Egypt in a restricted America has the opportunity of the ages. She can, if she pursues a way only when a generation had course consonant with the demands elapsed and economic and industrial of the situation, stand by at the b11"th efficiency had been insured. I mean of a nation worthy of a permanent a native legislative assembly. The place in the family of Christian na- Filipinos are now their own law- tions. Her effort is not to rid her- makers. self of a difficulty, but to rise to an The most recent experiment of the opportunity and to render a service. It is not so much to reproduce among American government in giving the an alien people her institutions as to balance of power to the Filipinos on create a character that will be able the Commission was the most con- to express in Philippine life and servative measure that could be en- institutions the principles of democacted if they were to take a further racy. The political system developstep toward the consummation of ed, secularized education, material autonomy. An executive order can be rescinded if the privilege granted progress, carry with them dangers by it is abused, whereas Congres- which can be met only by deepened sional action would make withdrawal religious life.

from a position once taken well-nigh The cornerstone of the state there impossible. as here is the Christ. Without en- This step is an experiment, and lightened devotion to Him and to it is for the Filipinos themselves to His teaching there is no hope for prove that it was a wise experiment. nation or individual. In and through Speed in so momentous a matter as Him we believe that there will some the making of a nation is a thing to day be a creditable Filipino nation.

— "Sell that thou hast and give to the poor. . . and come and follow mc." -St. Matt. xix, 21.

When [s the Sple Going to Begin?

See "Men and Missions," October, 1913, page 17.

In South

BY REV. C. H. MAXWELL, NATAL Missionary of the American Board. C.F.M.

ISSIONARY forces in ress. Efforts are not abandoned. But South African missions may not be mM South Africa, especial- allowed to suffer if after faithful ly in Natal, took in efforts they fail to do better lhan good part the rebuke the churches which gave the order. of the Edinburgh Con- ference, which inferreci In evangelism and in education tIle that the present supply of mlSSlon- efforts of the missionary were never aries could adequately cover the field before so successful in South Africa were there cooperation between the as now. The degrading home life of operating societies and a proper lo- tile native is gradually yielding to a cation of the missionaries. Earnest new order of home-making. Superefforts have been consistently made. stition, tho it dies a hard death, is Some progress has resulted. Three losing many of its devotees. Zulu Lutheran societies have joined forces women are arousing from the stupor in a part of their work, Congrega- of their degraded social position. tionalists and Presbyterians have Crusht under the economic pressure done likewise and certain undenomi- of 20th century civilization the South national societies are negotiating African native remains cheerful and terms of union. ambitious. He desires knowIedge and is determined to educate his children. On the whole, however, it must Moreover, he constantly proves his be confessed that larger and effectual possession of the greatest of all faculunion has progressed about as slowly ties-the faculty for God. The naas llave more llistoric attempts at tives are taking the aggressive in union between certain churches at urging their missionaries into new the home-base. Failure comes when fields. The indicaticns are that we at a critical stage the delegate of are at a crisis in the progress of our some prominent society says: work. The labors of the past ninety years are bearing fruit which we have "'vVe don't understand that there is not the reapers to harvest. The deoverlapping. We don't know any- mand of the hour is an increased thing about overlapping. There is corps of adequately equipped native interlacing but no overlapping. We teachers and evangelists to help care can't pledge ourselves to be ham- for at least the natural increase of pered in our work of the Spirit by our past seed-sowing. rules." Serious native unrest is apparent' However it may be at home, prep- throughout the country. The cause aration for union abroad requires a is unfair treatment. The governvision of and a passion for the King- me.?t taxes the native ~ ithout repredom of God which ate equal to and sentation. He is denied the frana little larger than our plans for some given sect. This is a report of prog-

chise. Money lenders charge him prescribed labor area of the Rand. ruinous interest. Lawyers deceive Says the Christian Express: him. Labor contractors, confidence "They saw the strike methods, men, prostitute women and illicit their warlike passions were aroused liquor dealers are active elements of and they were more or less drawn "civilization" which are allowed to into a struggle against authority, law make him their prey. It is no secret and order." that friends of the native in South One thing is to the good, regard- Africa are bitterly disappointed in less of the aforegoing facts. Public the new Union Government. Favor- opinion in South Africa seems to be able laws were expected, but a stone favorably modifying its attitude tohas been given to children who were ward missions and native affairs. crying for bread. The latest hard- Why this change has been coming on ship comes in the form of a Land during the past five years, but with Act which prevents the native either greatest acceleration within the last from buying or leasing l;l1ld and few months, is difficult to explain. which it is estimated will make serfs The best that the writer can 2ay is of at least 800,000 natives now ten- that during these five years-the forants on private land-or will drive mative period of a new government them to the only other alternative of -while the interests of other classe!> moving into native locations and so have been taking shape, so little has change not only their place of abode been done for the native and so and their environment but also lheir many legislative blunders have been means of gaining a livelihood. A last made discriminating against him and chance remains in the fact that the that contrary to the manifest wishes Act appoints a "commission" to re- and advice of those who stand for port within two years a definition of the natives' interests, that the unfairareas within which interests in land ness has itself worked the greatest mayor may not be acquired by na- reactionary appeal. This modified tives. As hope springs eternal we public opinion has not yet netted any now look to this commission for fair- ultimate results. It may still have ness. Its members have an almost remained unrecognized by one who unparalleled opportunity to influellce has not been listening for the heartthe future of South Africa. May it beat or feeling for the pulse of the be for the peace of the country, the country, but unquestionably it has honor of the British flag and the come and has lessened the amount justice of a Christian civilization. of prejudiced criticism against efforts Altho the recent strike of Euro- exert~d on behalf of the native. It pean labor in Johannesburg was at- has also added to the camp of those tended by passion, destruction of openly committed to a course of jus· property and bloodshed unparalleled tice in this matter. And whatever on sttch occasions in South Africa, course the native may take, these bethe most unfortunate feature of the lated rays on the horizon give the event was its influence upon the best promise of daylight that South 230,000 native employees within the Africa has seen in this generation.

OF BEST

CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE lULL, SCHENECTADY, N. Y. Author of Ullo]ding tJ1e Ropes/' "Transformatiqn of Hawaii," ete.

UNION MISSIONARY MEETINGS T is a significant fact these seasons unspeakably delightful was the visible union of all denominamI that the first interde- tions, who, for the first time, forget- nominational gather- ting their party prejudices and par- ing of any kind was tialities, assembled in the same ~ a missionary meeting. place, sang the same hymns, united Stirred by the arrival in the same prayers, and felt themof the first letters from Carey and selves one in Christ. Thomas from India in 1794, a number of ministers of different denomi- "This sentiment was so universal nations resolved to form a union that when Mr. Bogue, in the course society for sending the Gospel to of his sermon, said, 'We are called, the heathen and issued a call for a this evening, to the funeral of bigseries of union meetings to be held otry; I hope it may be buried so deep in London, September 22, 23 and 24, as never to rise again,' the whole vast body of people manifested 1795· their concurrence, and could scarcely Two great results were produced refrain from one general shout of joy." -the founding of the London Missionary Society that sent Living- "If we would move the world a little stone, Moffat and a host of other nearer God, we must all lift together." heroes to the field, and the birth of a spirit of unity among Christians. -Mrs. Raymond. This spirit, begotten of a common purpose to give the Gospel to the BOSTON'S MISSIONARY MAY world, has never died out but grows FESTIVAL stronger and stronger. BY MISS MARY PRESTON, BOSTON, "The unanimity and fervor of the assembly, on entering on this greatest MASS. of all schemes, the evangelization of Young P-eople's Secretary., Woman's Foreign Misthe world, created bursts of joy which nothing could express but sionary Society, Congregational Church tears," says the biographer of David Bogue, one of the leaders of the Every year at half after two on movement. "The Christian world the first Saturday afternoon of May seemed to awake as from a dream, there gathers in one of Boston's wondering that they could have been churches a remarkable audience of so long asleep, while the groans of eight or nine hundred children and a dying world were calling upon one or two hundred grown-ups. them for the Gospel of Jesus OJrist. Badges upon many of the boys and Another consideration that rendered girls proclaim their proud owners to be official delegates to the "Mission- ary May Festival," while the gaily- colored banners in their hands ex-

plain that this "Festival" is held which gifts will be devoted, together by the Woman's Board of Missions with a descriptive leaflet about it, are for the Congregational children of sent to leaders of children's organiza- Greater Boston. tions in all the churches within a radius of fifteen or twenty miles. More than a score of years has Mission Band leaders, superintendents passed since the first rally of this of primary and junior Sundaysort was planned, but beside the nu- schools, of Junior Christian Endeavor merous festivals and parties which societies, of children's clubs, occanow crowd the May time it may still sionally the pastors themselves-are boast increasing popularity among all invited to bring delegations of children and elders alike. Its pur- children. Return post cards make it pose, briefly stated, is to generate possibie for the Board to know enthusiasm for missionary work in whether all leaders have received the hearts of the youngsters who at- their invitations. The second notice, tend and to give them impetus to containing details and directions, is undertake more in support of that sent as the time for the meeting work, both individually and through draW's near. An opportunity is also their societies. The very size of the made to have the festival announced crowd, the friendly rivalry between in church calendars. delegations, the banners borne by the various societies, the rousing sing- The program, which occupies about ing, the opportunity to see and hear an hour and a half, is planned to in- "real live" misionaries, to look upon terest boys and girls between the the secretaries of that mysterious ages of eight and fourteen, and this thing called a "Board," to watch fact is always announced in the inscenes from mission lands acted out, vitations. If older or younger chiland, tinally, the chance to proclaim one's own share in the glorious work dren attend (as they do r), the risk IJY having one's society present its missionary gift-such experiences of being bored is their own. Some can not fail to intensify enthusiastic secretary or other officer, usually a loyalty. Under the impetus gained man, conducts the devotional service by children and elders alike mission- and presides. Frequent singing, led ary work in the seventy or more by a cornet as well as by the organ, churches represented takes on new allows restless lungs and legs life and vigor. a chance for expression. The Piece de resistance usually managed by one The success of the festival is de- or more missionaries, representing pendent upon two things-the atten- scenes of mission work in the foreign dance and the program. Consequently country to which the children's gifts preparations for both begin at least for the year are to be sent, and is three months in advance and no presented by the children of one or pains are spared. A preliminary no- more mission- bands who have been tice giving time and place, announc- thoroughly drilled beforehand. ing hymns, the salutes to the Church and American flags, which are al- Last year, for example, the gifts ways used, the definite object to were all to be used for a children's mISSIOnary who was about to sail for China. The entertainment, there-

OF BEST ME1;'HODS

fore, pictured this new recruit being during the Woman's Jubilee, as fol- conducted from Boston to Tientsin lows: by a veteran missionary, who ex- "Every Sunday-school had so many plained to her and to the audience representatives in a total of 1,200 the various odd sights seen along the children. These dozen or so were way (many of them, such as an old- chosen as a reward for a certain time Chinese school, street scenes, standard of excellence by the officers etc., being acted out upon the plat- of each school. To be chosen was form), and also told the story of the felt to be the honor of a lifetime. Chinese slave girls and other char- These children were taught three or acters whom they met and who were, four magnificent missionary hymns of course, introduced to the audi- until they knew each verse perfectly. ence. After this feature comes the Each detachment had selected a misoffering. Each delegation sends a sion land, and its leader carried a flag of that country. Each member representative to the platform bearing of the delegation carried a similar his society's banner and its gift. The tiny flag. As the procession marched presiding officer reads aloud the into the church and across the front, source and amount of each. Altho young ladies took these flags and this is a long process it never fails stuck them into wire netting to make to be greeted with enthusiasm. The a beautiful background. The prototal offering is then announced. It gram consisted of singing by the amounts to $600 or more, and a large children and four missionary stories."

embroidered Chinese banner is cere- Why not plan for a "Missionary May moniously presented to the society Festival," to include all the children in which has made the largest gift per your community?

capita. }.>.t each succeeding festival this banner is returned and reawarded A UNION SEWING CIRCLE to the winning society.

While such a meeting involves For more than thirty-five years much time and labor, the new life the women 'of the Baptist churches and enthusiasm which it brings to of Cincinnati, Ohio, have devoted one our Congregational children's mis- day a month during six months in the sionary work around Boston is well year to sewing for the families of worth it all. Its influence can not be .home missionaries.

calculated. The society is known as "The Cincinnati Baptist Church Union"

CHILDREN'S RALLY AT HARRISBURG and its meetings are held in the A denominational rally such as different churches. The women of that in Boston, is possible only in the entertaining church furnish a cities where there are several luncheon at twenty-five cents, the churches of the same denomination. proceeds going toward purchasing But an interdenominational rally materials for the sewing. Churches along the same lines could be held that do not entertain the society dur- in almost any community. Mrs. ing the year make a small offering Montgomery describes a very suc- for the same purpose and many of cessful one held in Har:isburg, Pa., the members give clothing. A thank-

offering is also taken at the meet- appoil1t a delegate; make out a proings and the m~rchants of the city gram; appoint a presiding officer (not frequently make generous donations one of their own number) and a secof cloth. retary to take the minutes. The ex- penses were met by a collection taken The meetings are held on the sec- at the meetings. There was always ond Thursday of each month and on a surplus, part of which was used the preceding Tuesday the cutting for a subscription to THE MISSIONcommittee meets to prepare the sew- ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD for the ing. All garments to be made are Warder Free Library. The attencut and pinned together, so that every dance was uniformly good and the thing is ready when the society as- society a great help to the workers. sembles. At the close of the meet- For the past two years it has held ing a committee takes charge of the no meetings, but they will probably clothing and packs the barrel. The soon be resumed. society pays the freight. The formation of this society was The society convenes at ten o'clock the result of an address on "Union and at two, immediately following Missionary Societies" given at Chauthe luncheon, a short devotional ser- tauqua, N. Y., which so aroused a vice is held: While the sewing is Springfield woman in the audience in progress, reports are read and (Mrs. C. C. Fried of the First Presletters from the missionaries. The byterian Church), that on her reaverage attendance is about lOO, and turn she urged her society to take aside from the help it has given the the initiative in forming a union somissionaries, the society has done ciety in Springfield. But the idea good service in bringing the Baptist of federation was new and the women together and providing for women lacked courage. For six them delightful social occasIons. months they prayed over it be-. fore, with fear and trembling, they A PIONEER UNION MISSIONARY finally launched it. One woman only SOCIETY had faith to believe that the first meeting would be a success. But The less machinery there is about when the time came the church was a union missionary society the bet- filled to overflowing and great interter. The simplest form of organiza- est and enthusiasm were manifested. tion is, perhaps, that of the Woman's Perhaps this experience will give Union Missionary Society of Spring- some other woman or society courfield, Ohio, founded more than twen- age to propose a similar federation ty years a'go. in her community.

The meetings· were held once a year CINCINNATI'S FOREICN MISSIONand were in the hands of a committee ARY UNION or three carefully chosen women. Cincinnati, Ohio, has a very enthu- siastic "Woman's Foreign Mission- There were no officers, each com- ary Union," which was organized mittee appointing its own successor. immediately after the Woman's Jubi- The duties of the committee were to arrange for a time and place for the meeting; send notices to the various societi,es with the request that each

01<' BEST :METHODS 13

lee meetings and meets twice a year A FEDERATION OF YOUNG WOMEN in February and September. At first IN PHILADELPHIA there was a single session, but the in- Philadelphia has an "Interdenomi- terest became so great that they now national Committee of Y{)Ung Women continue all day. Five hundred and for Foreign Missions" that might fifteen were registered at the last well serve as a model for other commeeting and the. society is considered munities. as "splendidly worth while." "The Jnbilee Continuation Com- The programs are largely inspirational, the speakers being the best mittee, thirteen denominations, the available, regardless of denomina- Young Women's Christian Associa- tion and medical students are repre- tion and almost regardless of cost. sented," says Miss Mary C. Peacock, Raising money for anything save "and it conducts two meetings a current expenses is not a part of year, one in the interests of mission the policy of the Union, but at the study and one more general in charlast meeting Mr. Wm. M. Danner, acter. Mrs. Montgomery, Miss Mar- American Secretary of the Interde- garet Burton and Doctor Steiner nominational Mission to the Lepers, have addrest us. vVe urge attendance so aroused the sympathies of the at summer conferences and cooperate women that they decided by resolu- with the Young Women's Christian tion to assist the work financially to Association in looking after the Orithe extent of asking each woman for ental students, calling on them, and a minimum gift of 10 cents a year. providing for their entertainment at No one is debarred from giving holiday time, 'etc. larger sums, but emphasis is laid on the fact that these contributions "Plans are under way for a normal must be extra and not be diverted study class early in the year, with from other channels. two representatives from each de- nomination who will repeat the course Since this Leper Mission works in in their own churches later on. Mrs.

cooperation with the Mission Boards Nicholas Mitchell has conducted a and is indorsed by them, and no similar class under the auspices of definite sum is asked for, it forms a the Woman's Continuation Commitlegitimate object for union financial tee, holding it in the late spring and effort. "Just think what it would using the United Study-book for the mean to the poor lepers," says Mrs. (ollouring year, often teaching it W. E. Lewis, president of the Cin- from manuscript."

cinnati Union, "if every Christian TRY THIS CONVENTION SONG woman in America gave. even as At the banquet of the Standard much as 10 cents a year! Do pass it Bearers (an organization of young on as work for missionary unions." women in the Methodist Church) (Lttaflets about the Leper Mission, given in connection with a branch with the name and officers of the con- meeting of the Woman's Foreign tributing society printed in, will be Missionary Society at Delaware, furnished free of cost in any quan- Ohio, the following unique song was tity, by Mr. Wm. M. Danner, 105 sung to the tune of "Auld Lang Raymond Street, Cambridge,Mass.) Syne";

r. Report, report, report, report, as a course of lectures on "Compara- Report, report, report;· tive Religions), a preliminary meeting was held for which Mrs. Montgom- Report, report, report, report, ery was secured as the principal Report, report, report. speaker. Her address served as a Chorus.-Report, etc. sort of boomer for the course and great interest was awakened. Thir- 2. Be prompt, be prompt, be prompt, be teen societies participated, represent- prompt, ing six or seTen denominations, and 450 women were enrolled. The lec- Be prompt, be prompt, be prompt; tures were given in the Baptist Be prompt, be prompt, be prompt, be Church and the average attendance was 300. prompt, Be prompt, be prompt, be prompt. That winter Mrs. Farmer gave sim- ilar courses in ten other centers in Chorus.-Be prompt, etc. Greater New York and its New Jer- sey suburbs. Everywhere the plan 3. We will, we will, we will, we will, proved a success. A great many We will, we will, we will; club women were in attendance and many were reached who had never We will, we will, we will, we will, before taken any interest in mis- We will, we will, we will. sions. In some places Roman Catho- Chorus.-We will, etc. lic.." Unitarians and Universalists at- tended the lectures. Every woman Verses one and two were sung by enrolled bought a copy of the text- all the district and conference officers book, which meant more than 2,600 of them! In some places the fee for in unison; verse three by the Stan- the course was $1.00, the book being included; in others, 50 cents, and the dard Bearers themselves. The song book purchased separately. aroused much merriment, but it is safe to say that those who were These lecture courses were not undertaken to raise money, but alpresent will not again be laggards most everywhere there was a surin the matter of sending in reports. plus, and many women whose hearts had been deeply stirred made volun- Try it at your next denominational tary offerings. These were devoted convention. to various missionary objects, but in- creased giving through regular chan- NEW YORK'S UNION LECTURE nels was encouraged rather than COURSES through the temporary club.

Two years ago, during the winter UNION LECTURE COURSES IN season, more than 2,600 women in BOSTON New York and vicinity attended lec- Under the auspices of the Jubilee ture courses on "The Great Religions Continuation Committee, two very of the W orId," given by Mrs. Will successful courses of lectures have Farmer, of Montclair, New Jersey.

Montclair began it. At the Women's Conference at Northfield in 1911, Mrs. Farmer taught a study class on "The Light of the World."

One of her fellow town's-women, who was present, thought how fine it would be if the women at home could have the same privilege she was enjoying. On her return, having obtained Mrs. Farmer's promise to repeat the course in Montclair if the necessary enrollment could be secured, she went to work to interest the women in the churches.

When the plan had been thoroughly advertised (not as a study class, but

OF BEST METHODS

been given in Boston for the women China held in the evening and atof the city and its suburbs. tended by men as well as women. It was held in a church and the In 1912 the course consisted of a pastors of the different churches series of addresses on "China's New were the speakers. Day," by Mrs. Charles. H. Daniels, president of the Woman's Foreign The attendance at all three of these Missionary Society of the Congrega- courses was large, and the whole tional Church. In 1913 there were community was stirred. five lectures given in Trinity Church Chapel on successive Thursday morn- The Central Committee of the United ings (Thanksgiving excepted) , be- Missionary Campaign asks that Sunginning with November 13. The first day, February 15, be observed as Mistwo lectures were on "Current sionary Day, with special missionary Events," one on China by Bishop features in all the services, in prepara- Roots of Hankow, the other on Tur- tion for the simultaneous canvass for key by Mrs. George Washburn, wife missions and benevolences in March. of the former president of Robert College, Constantinople. The remain- What are you doing about it? ing three were on "The King's Business," by Mrs. Daniels and were il- USING LENT FOR MISSION STUDY lustrated by means of maps, charts and other devices. Course tickets for Lent, with its cessation of social acthe five lectures were sold at $I.OO, tivities and its appeal to self-sacrifice, with single admissions at 35 cents. is, perhaps, the best time in the year for mission study. This is being WHAT THE ORANGES DID realized more and more, and mis- sionary leaders are taking advantage Last winter in the group of New of it. Jersey suburbs of New York known as the Oranges, a campaign of edu- The pioneer along this line was cation was conducted that probably Mrs. Wallace Radcliffe, of Washingsurpasses anything in the way of ton, D.C., whose Lenten study classes interdenominational mISSIOn study in her husband's church (the New that has yet been attempted. York Avenue Presbyterian) have be- come famous. China was the topic and there were three lines of study. The first In Mrs. Radcliffe's first class, held was a series of six studies given by during the Lenten season of 1903, the Educational Department of the the membership was confined to her Woman's Oub on the present situa- Young Woman's Guild, composed of tion in China. Strictly speaking, about 35 girls ranging in age from this was not mission study, but it 19 to 30. The next year they wished served to bring China and its needs to invite some friends from the outprominently before the women. The side and a few of the older women second was a large interdenomina- of the church came in. From this tional study class on "China's New time on the class grew steadily in Day," which met in the morning. numbers and enthusiasm. In 1907, The third was a lecture course on the fifth year, ISO were enrolled, ranging in age from 18 to 70. Only half of these were from Mrs. Rad- cliffe's own church; the rest were Congregationalists, Baptists, Episco-

palians and members of four other Guild, tho each year I work in some from the outside. In assigning pa- Presbyterian churches, together with pers I never fail, except in emer- gency, such as sickness or absence two Romanists and three Unitarians! from the city, to give two weeks for preparation, and I will not have a A conglomeration, Mrs. Radcliffe calls paper read. My 'stars' must talk and my girls have grown in this it. In 19I2, the tenth year, the en- grace. We often smile as we rerollment reached 250, embracing all member the long, tedious papers of the churches in Washington. five years ago. The results of the work have been "I have four, and sometimes five, remarkable. "The personnel of the speakers, six minutes being the time assigned beforehand. I allow, howclass has been most interesting," ever, 'for stretching,' and use my own judgment about the from two says Mrs. Radcliffe. "All kinds have to five extra minutes. In closing, as leader, I summarize, have a hymn, attended, including many society girls and myself offer the closing prayer. The enthusiasm this year was deeper and women who had never known than ever. The spiritual atmosphere, I feel I can say, was more potent anything of missions in their own than ever. churches. One young woman who "I use maps and charts and the did her best work for me (almost by reference libraries, besides other books. The circulation of these books compulsion) is field secretary now as they are needed is no slight task. I have never been able to delegate for a mission board and is remark- this to anyone. Much library work is done besides, of course. The enable as a platform speaker. I sup- rollment, giving out of text-books, the leaflets we occasionaly distribute, pose a hundred or more classes all etc., are all in the hands of com- petent committees. over the country could be traced to "I allow no visitors, unless I ask these classes. Many of them have been personally reported to me." them or they are house-guests of members of the class. I emphasize The following account of Mrs. this because I must have the class atmosphere, not a curious or pat- Radcliffe's methods (somewhat con- ronizing audience. It is the most in- tense work possible to make each sesdensed here) was given by request sion better than the last, to arrange in ~Voman's Work a few years ago. the program so that all the most brilliant stars will not shine the same She says: day, that the new 'Speaker is well set so that if she is a failure the whole "My rules, which I make very clear effect will not be lost, to be critical in printed notices beforehand, are: without carping, and to have no un- Enrollment by purchase of the book, certainty about anything. its careful study, and as prompt and regular attendance as is humanly pos- "'fo take infinite pains, that is the sible. I make a great deal of the 'Sum of it all, with heartily exprest opening devotional service, with sig- appreciation of the work done, to the nificant hymn, and Scripture with doers of it, by the leader, in private. comment, and prayer. I either have If I were to do all the talking mysome member pray or a chain of five self, it would be much less work." or six short prayers, having it all arranged beforehand. Nothing is left to voluntary effort. Every detail is planned. The text-books used are those of the United Study of Missions and the sessions are on consecutive Thursday mornings in Lent from 10.30 to I2. I close as promptly as I begin.

"For the class work I depend largely on the young women of Rly

Mass-Movements

India THEIR DEVELOPMENT, AS ILLUSTRATED IN THE WORK OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH IN NORTHERN INDIA'"

BY RE:. THOS. S. DONOHUGH, M.A., MEERUT, INDIA HE evangelization of a midst of the fields cultivated by the local residents. These conditions have mT rJ country so densely had very much to do with the gen- ~ populated as India is eral lines of effort followed by the so great a task and so various Christian missions in India. varied in character A large amount of work is confined to the higher castes, and consists of ,.,.,.. that a survey of even medical, zenana, and educational one division of it re- work, with preaching and distribu- tion of literature in the bazaars and quires close study. To appreciate the on itinerating tours among the vilimportance of the present caste lages. These efforts break down movements, however, they must be prejudice, lead to many earnest inseen in their relation to the whole quiries and to a fair number of contask. The census of 19II reports versions. Converts, however, are apt 3I3,000,000 persons roughly divided to be forced to leave home and all as follows: Hindus, 217,000,000; Mo- its associations, sometimes being sephammedans, 66,000,000 ; Buddhists arated from wife or husband and and Animists, 10,000,000 each; Chris- children and subjected to severe pertians, nearly 4,000,000 (3,870,2°3); secution, including the forfeiture of and others (including 3,000,000 all property rights. Frequently they Sikhs), 6,000,000. must be taken into the missioil com- pounds and taught until fitted to take The efforts and successes of the up some new line of employment. Christian missions have been confined Many valuable teachers, evangeiists, very largely to the class called Hin- and leading Christians are thus sedus. The Hindus have not only cured. The method, however, is a their four chief castes, but are split slow one, and there has been no geninto two great sections, ani: including eral response on a large scale. It is the so-called caste, or high-caste, largely a work for individuals. Hindus, and the other the out-caste, or the low-caste, Hindus, the latter The newer method is the endeavor numbering over sixty millions. These to reach the low-caste people in their castes, high and low, are divided into hornes by families and groups. These many sub-castes, the total being csti- people have less to leave, and, altho mated as high as one hundred thou- persecuted severely, are not made to sand. Representatives of many suffer in the same mea,;ure as high- Hindu castes, and also of all other caste converts. Their persecution sections of the population, will be comes from their employers and is found living in almost every village less personal than that of the highand town, members of a caste being caste converts, which comes from usually in close association with the their own relatives and is deeply felt lower castes grouped in wards, called as coming from those most dear. The mohulIas, in the least desirable loca- low-caste people are essential to the tions. Perhaps ninety per cent. of the people live in villages which are scattered all over the country in the ~ Condensed from The Methodist Review, November-December, 1913.

life of the village and can not be large proportions. In this way sev- driven out en masse. They continue eral movements, each distinct, may their old occupations and support be proceeding at the same time.

themselves as Christians, also con- These new movements are more like- tributing to the support of their pas- ly to proceed from caste to caste tor teachers. From among them through definite work on the part of promising individuals are selected for the missionaries and Christian work- higher education, many of whom be- ers than through the efforts of the come workers among their own l'eople themselves. The members of people and help to raise them. In- a caste usually confine their efforts dividuals rise quickly and often very to their own community. One caste, high, while the mass rises more therefore, is not likely to influence slowly, owing to scarcity of teachers. another directly except in the case of Working for high-caste people is iike a higher branch encouraging a lower, pounding away at a solid wall. Oc- or where many castes are being af- casionally a brick is loosened, but fected and the movement toward seemingly little impression is made Christianity is becoming general. As on the whole structure. On the long, however, as a movement is con- other hand, the low-caste work, fined to one caste, Christianity is apt which is at tIle bottom of tIle sys- to be considered as a matter of that tem, is opening up very rapidly. If caste only. It is, therefore, of very it is adequately prosecuted, the struc- great importance to have two or more fure is bound to fall. General read- movements proceeding simultaneous- . justment is bound to follow, and the ly. The one-caste stigma is thus re- gradual breaking up of many fea- moved and the universal element of tures of the caste system, while Christianity becomes man i f est.

Christianity will permeate all classes Growth now becomes more rapid. In and spTead widely among them. one circuit, soon after a second caste "Class," or "caste," movetnent was entered, inquirers were reported woukl be a more accurate name than from ten different castes, while in one "mass movement" for many of these Conference baptisms were reported developments in India, but the latter in one year from 27 different castes.

has become the popular designation. There is always a possibility of a AU tl1at is called "mass movement," mass movement starting in each caste except certain work among hill tribes, thus entered. Wise leadership is re- is proceeding along caste lines, and quired and generous aid in the be- caste, often referred to in the past as ginning of each separate movement, the greatest obstacle encountered in as small numbers can do little in sup- mission lands, is now proving to be porting the worker, tho trained to an assistance in the growth of the give from the beginning. In the Kingdom. "The process might be United Provinces the mass move- illustrated in mining. When a Uliner ment started among "the sweepers,"

finds a profitable vein, he follows it. and it was looked upon by all the When some members of a certain higher castes as merely a sweeper caste become Christians, they en- movement; but when the great caste deavor to have their relatives and of Chamars began to open up in friends follow them, and the work large numbers, great attention was naturally spreads within the caste. aroused. Wherever they come out Other veins are opened up and fol- openly, the way is opened for the lowed out, and so the work proceeds" general work as never before. It ( Bishop Warne). is ill this connection that the real in- When a movement of this kind fluence of the Chamar movement in starts in a caste it may run through our mission is seen, also the reason it. If an entrance is secured into a why it has had so much attention second C;l,'lte, that also may gather recently. It is the stepping stone to

MASS-MOVEMENTS IN INDIA

a greatly widened work, aside from is the Son of God and the Savior of the fact that it concerns one of the the world, and I want to be His fol- greatest castes in NtoorththeIndBira~hsmeacnosn.J l?wer and to be baptized," we bein numbers only lIeve that we should accept him pro- Being essentially a labor class, it has v,ided .we are able to guarante; con- the largest possibilities, tho many tmuatlon of the teaching so that he Chamars are now little better than shall be led on to more and more serfs. kn.owledge and to a real spiritual Underlying Causes faIth. Some require the memorizing An ~nfortunate misapprehension of the Ten Commandments, the concernIng the manner of opening mass movements seems rather wide- Lord's Prayer, etc., before adminisspread, namely, that they are the result of a 9u~ck and general response tering ba~tism. But memorizing may to evangelIstIc efforts somewhat akin be very dJf1i.cult, and even impossible, to those of revivalists, and that num- bers of people so stimulated are left for persons who have had no intel- without teachers, to sink back into lectual train}ng, and therefore may their old state after the preacher has passed on. On the contrary, such be an unfaIr test. The missionary movements are the result of steady ~nd per~istellt effort along well-estab- must use his best judgment, and none hshed hnes, often with little or no response for many years, as in the should impeach the wisdom of the well-known case of the "Lone Star Mission." The usual method in be- other, but let the fruits decide. The ginning a mass movement is to conduct preaching services and village chief point is 110t just where the COI1- schools among those who seem most vert. stan~s when baptized, provided responsive. In the earliest stages a cordial reception is most unusual. he IS believed to be sincere in his Active opposition may be met or a profession, but the place to which he hearing refused, even with insulting and threatening conduct. Patient en- will be led afterward in his Chris- deavor, however, gradually brings the tian experience and life. It is evipeople: first, to the point of willingness to listen to the message; sec- dent to many close observers that ond, to the stage of interest; third to belief in the truth of Christianity; Gpd .meets these ignorant people at fourth, to conviction of its superiority over the ~ld faith; and finally, fifth, a pOInt far below 'vVestern expecto the pomt of acceptance in place of .the old-t~o it may mean perse- tatIOn, and that they find him much as cutIOn, hardship, and suffering, even unto death. There are those who little children do in the first turning call this "too early baptism." ~f the heart toward him, however It may well be inquired whether, lIttle their understanding of the ulti- ~nate consequences of the step. It IS ours to see that they are given all the care we give tuonfoliltdtliengchoilfdrtehn~' the same patient truth, the same reiteration, the same adapt~tion to their understanding, watchmg over them until we see them established in the faith laalpthseo~ it may be, often grieved by'

when least expected.

Baptism cuts the tie that binds to Hinduism, and until that is severed the man is not in our hands suffi- ciently to make him really responsive to o~r efforts.. "Inquirers" of long 10 the nature of the case, an igno- standmg may slip back in a night be- caused displeased about asroemeourtrsiflte~ rant, degraded people could be asked but when baptizei:l they to come further than is indicated above before cutting themselves off train and lead as far as we are able.

from the old ties. The steps are all The probation system guards the long ones and the results of much Methodist Church from the danger hard ~ork. . When, finally, a man of too early admission into full con- says, I believe that Jesus Christ nection, while also holding the con-

verts far more securely than a sys- vero persecution, sickness, or distress tem which merely counts them as in- beyond the power to bear. When in quirers until their patience may be a district numbering 27,000 Chrisexhausted and they may slip away, dans, gathered in only twenty years, perhaps striving to draw others back there are but two or three helpless with them. persons (relatives of poor workers) who receive a mere pittance in aid, Among the lower castes it is con- such as one or two rupees a month, sidered best not to baptize single in- and where over 5,000 rupees are dividuals save in unusual cases. gathered in self-support per year, When a man becomes ready, he is providing for more than 25 per cent. asked to prepare his family and of the pastoral work, is there any then to prepare others in his village. warrant for doubting the motives of If possible, one waits until several the converts? The work has its hardfamilies, or, it may be, all of the ships and its weaknesses, and low caste in that village, are ready. This motives are met, but who can claim insures solidarity, helps to drive out that this is not true in Christian idolatry at once, to prevent factions lands, where, in most cases, the origand strife, to give added strength in inal motive for accepting Christ is time of persecution from the outside, one of self-preservation, desire for and to insure more rapid progress reward, for heavenly bliss, or rewithout interruption. Before taking union with loved ones ? We grow the step, the inquirers are likely to into higher motives. I f we start with talk with their relatives in neighbor- them it is because we are Christian ing villages, who may be interested, at heart before our open acceptance as previously noted, or who may ob- of Christ, and because we have inject and succeed in stopping the herited or have been taught a vast work already begun. In such cases amount of truth which, in most cases, the worker strives to explain the must be given to these poor idolameaning of baptism and of Chris- trous, superstitious, and deprest tianity to all who are concerned, to people after baptism, rather than beminimize opposition, and to exhort fore. It must be remembered, furinquirers to hold firm. . . . thermore, that while we speak of caste movements, our efforts are al- The people of India are deeply re- wav-s directed toward the individuals ligious at heart. No desire can be in "the caste, and that, to the greatest stronger than that which cries out extent possible, we seek to "present after real spiritual light and truth, every man perfect in Christ," knowand we are convinced that it is the ing that each individual so developed evangelistic note in the preaching will be a power in elevating those which is drawing the masses as no around him. . . . other can. Critics of the work would do well to go directly among the The Developing Processes people and watch them in their simple worship under a spiritual leader. The work of development begins Visitors who have taken time for among a group of few or many famithis have been thoroughly convinced lies usually living on the outer side of the vital character of the work of a village. Near by are groups of and have become its strongest sup- high- or low-caste people each closely porters. If this is apparent to those associated. The worker formerly who can read only the light in the lived among his people, but now that eye or the expression in the face, the sphere of the worker is widening, how much more is it true to those wisdom suggests that the worker live who understand the simple prayers sufficiently apart so as to be accessiand testimonies of hearts crying out ble to all. In many cases the refor God and His righteousness, and quest for this change has come from from whom no other request for help high-caste Hindus or Mohammedans ever comes-except, perhaps, in se-

MASS-MOVEMENTS IN INDIA

who wish us to locate the worker in childhood in the village school, the where they too may associate with better. They are being taught to him and benefit by his teaching. The work as laymen, somewhat like the Christians and inquirers usually need early "class leaders," and to give the to be taught the Gospel in toto. Being preachers most valuable assistance.

unable to read, they are entirely de- They help gather the people for pendent upon the visits of the work- preaching, collect self-support, report er. He gathers them at some COll- cases requiring the pastor's assistance venient hour and proceeds to con- or attention, assist, as far as able, duct a simple preaching service. . . . in instructing the people, and, in Whenever possible, a school is groups, help to govern the local opened for the children and such churches. When able to read the older persons as wish to learn. They Bible, they can do very valuable are taught the Ten Commandments, work. The movement is full of the Lord's Prayer, the Creed, the promise, and is receiving large at- Catechism, Gospel hymns, Scripture tention where the work is developing verses, etc. One aim is to teach as most rapidly. The Sunday-school many as possible to read the Bible. and the Epworth League also prove Everyone who learns to do so be- most helpful auxiliaries, and both comes a possible assistant in instruct- are widely llsed in all parts of our ing the local Christians and in in- work. . . .

teresting other residents. Village The more striking developments school work is also an opening wedge come as a result of higher educa- in the further education of the more tion. Selected boys and girls are en- promising young people. It is sim- couraged to attend the boarding- ply impossible to appreciate the effect schools, where they are taught to the of such teaching until one knows the extent their intellectual development life in a village. To impress undis- warrants. In some cases village chil- ciplined and superstitious minds with dren can go only to the third or the simple prohibitions of the com- fourth class, while others may rise to mandments and the various petitions the sixth, to high-school, or even to of the Lord's Prayer is to strike at college. But even those who can not the very foundation of the old life go high do most valuable work as a of evil, of uncontrolled desire, of result of the higher training in a superstition, and of despair. A new Christian center, and fully repay the life is revealed and made clear by effort made for them, while it is the explanations of the preacher, who usual to find that their children can endeavors to exemplify it in his care go much higher, and that by the of the sick, of the opprest, and third or fourth generation any in- of the dying. In this way many herent intellectual weaknesses are thousands are led into real spiritual largely removed. For such as can life, to conscious touch with God in not rise above the third or fourth Christ, and to a moral life far above class, industrial or manual training the ordinary level, and often irre- is very desirable, and some instruc- proachable .. tion of this kind is advantageous for A still larger opportunity is of- all pupils in the higher schools. In- fered by the children, who may be dustrial schools, however, need to be educated sufficiently to make them properly equipped and operated.

far more useful in their occupations, Those which purpose to teach trades more intelligent in their understand- should do so thoroughly. In many ing of the Christian life, and more cases the present provision is so in- helpful in the cause. In the. future adequate that this is impossible.

there will be a far greater use of Manual training is particularly use- the humble volunteer workers of the ful in teaching the awkward boy' and village. The more they can be taught girl to use the hand and eye to-

gether, in overcoming the common demand far exceeds the supply, and prejudice against manual labor, and few needs are felt so deeply and con- in developing self-reliance and initia- stantly. The strengthening of our tive. Where schools are properly entire educational system is most im- equipped, they are suitable for the perative if we are to have the intelli- more intelligent scholars and help to gent leadership the growing work furnish the community with good demands and upon which its largest Christian workmen of high grade and success hinges. . . .

good principle. While some Chris- The value of higher schools, tians have difficulty in finding em- boarding-schools, can hardly be over- ployment, it is probable that preju- estimated. The contrast to the life dice will soon fade away in the in- in the village is beyond description.

creasing demand for high-class labor, Boys and girls are introduced to a and it will not be difficult to provide life approximately that in a Chris- work for all who are really deserv- tian land. It is not an overstatement ing. to say that this is the most thorough It is from the various higher in- method of evangelization, for until stitutions that the leading workers we have far more and better-equip- are secured upon whose cooperation ped pastors, adequately supervised, and leadership so much of the suc- we can not hope to elevate the people cess of the movement among the in the villages sufficiently to give masses depends. These institutions, them what the boys and girls get in also, are doing a most valuable work our schools: a true conception of in sending out an ever-increasing the Christian life under Christian stream of reliable young men and surroundings and control. In the women who are finding their way schools we lay foundations similar to into positions of high honor and those known in the West. Here large usefulness in the service of the we can make an appeal to the child government, in educational, postal, for a full and intelligent surrender and telegraph departments, the rail- of the will and a dedication to Chris- ways, mills, business houses, etc. To tian service; here we can do indi- find persons in high office who in one vidual work of an adequate nature or two generations have emerged and with satisfying results-and all from the lower strata is now com- these at a cost averaging twenty dol- mon in places where the mass-move- lars per year per child. The notable ment work is of sufficiently long revival of 1906 spread largely standing. It is producing far-reach- through the boarding-schools. Hun- ing effects, elevating the Christian dreds of boys and girls entered into coml1lunity and the work of mi5sions a new spiritual life. Workers of this in the mind of many former detrac- type can carry high ideals into the tors, and hastening the day of larger villages and lead the Christians there things in self-support. Many of into larger experiences.

these educated young men are liberal A notable fact about· the revival in their gifts and in their voluntary was the profound conviction of sin, efforts in local churches, where they the lack of which heretofore has been are most useful official members, local a source of the greatest anxiety to preachers, Sunday-school teachers, many missionaries in India. Conse- and leaders in young people's work. quently, we look forward hopefully They are especially liberal in hell-'ing to the time when these who have had to educate other members of their deep religious experiences, and who families and in providing for those have the consciousness of pardon of dependent upon them. We are en- sin, will be able to go out and lead tirely dependent upon these higher others into similar experiences. This institutions for the supply of Chris- is an illustration of the way in which tian teachers for our schools. The the boarding-school constantly proves

MASS-MOVEMENTS IN

the training ground for higher ideals Under prevailing conditions one misand purer moral life. sionary may be compelled to over- see all that is being done by a large The problem of reaching the mass- force of Indian assistants in a large es is largely one of producillg work- territory. Qur method places one ers. Had we the teachers, we could man (sometimes an Indian) over a accept hu~dreds of thousands of can- district. The district is divided into didates as quickly as they could be circuits under a "preacher-in-charge," taught the rudiments. In the Meerut who is an Indian in almost every District alone, 120 miles by 60, out case save in the centers where the of a population of 3,500,000 it is missionaries reside. The work of estimated that fully 1,000,000 people the preacher-ill-charge is to superare accessible now to the Gospel, of vise the efforts of the men and whom 100,000 are sweepers, 600,000 women under him. Sometimes he are Chamars (among whom move- bas half a dozen, but there are cirments are now proceeding with great cuits with twenty or more workers rapidity), and the balance are of and 4,000 or more Christians. The higher castes. The interest among workers usually live in larger towns caste Hindus and Mohammedans was or villages, and near the larger never so great. Inquirers and con- groups of Christians, but each workverts among them are frequently er may have from three to 20 vilmet, and requests for instruction, lages under his care and as high as with offers of liberal aid or the full T,000 Christians and ihquirers. support of the worker, are more Some have even 40 villages, but numerous than the supply. Some only where the work is growing remarkable movements have begun, very rapidly and the provision is the true nature of which is not un- most inadequate. The workers who derstood until one realizes what it have regular day-schools have fewer means to high-caste people to be villages to care for, but all the workwilling to leave their own and to as- ers strive to spend some time in sociate with out-castes, whom they teaching the children who live near would not touch formerly, but with them. The worker visits as many whom they now mingle and worship. villages daily as time and strength These conditions are found elsewhere permit, and is supposed to cover his in large measure, and there is im- circuit at least four times a month. perative need of increasing our forces The preacher-in-charge is expected immediately to take advantage of the to cover his circuit at least once a remarkable opportunities thus pre- year, to visit all the villages with the sented. The North India Confer- worker, devoting special attention to ence, after 50 years' work, reports those most in need, and to exercise 50,000 Christians, with baptisms one general supervision. The district year from 27 different castes, while superintendent meets the groups of the Northwest India Conference has workers in each circuit three or four gathered II5,000 in the last 20 times a year (in Quarterly Conferyears. The Northwest India Conference averages over 10,000 baptisms ence) , at which times the searching per year, tho terribly handicapped fi- questions in the Methodist Discipline nancially. The crying need is the are asked and reports are given on all subj ects of importance. Preq,chstrengthening of all institutions which ing services are held with the local produce workers, with the necessary support of these workers when Christians and special hours are ready. given to the workers, upon whose Increased missionary supervision is steady development so much depends. also required in many places. Super- When possible, the district superinvision of work of this character de- tendent also goes out into the villages mands the most careful attention. on evangelistic tours with the work-

ers. Ther~ is most urgent need of leaders upon whom the full burden more of this evangelistic work, and is being placed as rapidly as possible, every large district should have a and with most encouraging results. man or woman set aside for it. It greatly encourages the people to see The Opportunity and the Evangelization and hear the missionary, and there is no better method of training work- of India ers than to go with them and show them how to meet the local prob- The history of older mass movelems. It is also the best method of estimating the character of their ments in India would seem to show work and their individual needs. ( I) that, according to the faith of Once a year all the workers are gathered for three or four days in the leaders at the time of acceptance, a district conference. The newer workers are examined in the pre- practically all the people who we~e scribed courses of ,study, reports are given, lectures. ~eli.vered, .in.spiring received have stood firm and their services held, dlsclplme administered, and appointments n:ad:- for the en- descendants have remained Chrissuing year. The dlstnct conference may be held in connection with the tians ; (2) that there has. been a 'Workers' Bible (or Summer) School, which frequently continues for three steady rise in the co~mumty, fro!ll or four weeks, during which ~ll are enrolled in classes for speCial generation to generatIOn, usually .m study and examination apart from the Conference courses. Devotional proportion to the investme~t of misservices are held daily, followed by three or four hours of class work, sionary effort along all lmes; (3) and by institutes, lectures, workers' meetings, etc. As a result, the whole that where, through hesitation or laCK body of men and women go back, refreshed and stimulated, to continue of equipment, further advance was their lonely life among deprest conditions, better fitted to live above interfered with, those who were them and to lift their people. ready to come have not only gone One month in the year is set aside by our whole India mission for an ibnafclku~nbcuest have tried to exert hurtful "evangelistic campaign" in which all upon those previously rethe forces take part. The definite objects are to reclaim any who have ceived; (4) that in most sections fallen away, to lead all into. higher Christian experience and life, .to there has been no marked mass movereach other castes, to help the mquirers to a decision for Christ, and ment following the stopping of one to distribute Christian literature. The which was under way; that is, those students cooperate, especially in the who were received have stood firm places where the schools are located. with their children, but the movement, Special attention is given to prayer, as such ceased. This brings us to consecration, and definite plans for the important question, What is to the work in hand. Very large and be done with the present mass move- fruitful results have attended these ment in the north of India, chiefly campaignS. In all these. efforts !he in the Northwest India Conference, aim is to develop and tram up Indian which is still growing with great rapidity, but which is imperiled by weakness due to lack of leaders and funds? In the opinion of many, it is the key to very much larger progress among all t~e out-castes ?f North India, numbermg many mtl- lions, and through them to the whole situation. . . .

The force of workers is prest to the breaking point, particularly the missionaries, several of whom have given way under the strain. There has been very little increase in the appropriations and i~ the missiona~y force, notwithstandmg the rapld growth of the work. Now the future seems to depend upon such reinforce- ments as will relieve the over-bur- dened workers and rapidly produce

MASS-MOVEMENTS IN INDIA

large numbers of native assistants to vance would be increased by the enter the widening and rapidly ripen- removal of obstructions, also the ing fields. Could several million con- numbers of notable cases of great verts be gathered in a compact terri- evangelists and other Indian leaders, tory in a few years (which seems now too few; the larger number only a question of investment) , a would exert more influence as a profound influence would be exerted community, be better able to stand upon all the people. The remaining alone, to realize their strength, and millions of the out-castes would be to use it in such a way as to exemeven more accessible throughout all plify their Christian teaching and India and the largest victory yet won standards; and the movement would in the evangelization of that or any encourage the many thousands of .similar land would be in sight. heart Christians among the higher classes to come out openly and throw There are marked advantages to in their lot-with all the possibilities be gained by such a forward move- of larger and more far-reaching ment. In the first place, it would movements thus thrown open. offset the efforts now being made by Hindus and Mohammedans to secure The attitude of the people may be these same classes, chiefly for political made clear by one or two illustrareasons, which would make them tions: In one district a man who vastly more inaccessible, and throw could not be used as a worker was away much of the advantages we lost sight of for a time, after which have gained. Furthermore, attention he came to the district superintendent is being drawn to the important fact and told him that 600 people were that these so-called "out-caste" or ready for baptism in his village. The "deprest classes" are in reality the district superintendent found them laborers of India and, in point of remarkably well taught, and sent for fact, probably potentially thy most Bishop Warne, who was fully convaluable asset in the land. The vinced of their sincerity and approved higher castes have an assured posi- of their baptism. The same man had tion, which they will not relinquish brought the leaders of several other easily, while these will enter into village groups, who were also ennew conditions, me.ilt new needs, couraged to do likewise. A most and, especially as Christians, be the promising movement is under way. persons who will most surely bring about the modifications essential to The mass movement requires strong the development of Indian life. faith in the power of Christ to lift those who call upon His name, how- As a consequence, there are strong ever low they may be in the beginreasons why we should aim to se- ning. The work and glory of Chriscure the whole of any class and train tianity, however, is in preaching the all together. The increased numbers Gospel to the poor, who transformed would make self-support more prac- and elevated, evangelize those who ticable, where it is now difficult be- were formerly above them. May cause of the poverty of the little we, with Christ, "see harvests, not groups scattered here and there; mere crowds," in those now accessia united community would more ble, and be encouraged by the results speedily adopt Christian customs already achieved, as well as by faith, and escape from the tyranny of old to take those who seem so ready, ties; the danger of part of the confident that they are His children class turning back and stopping or and among the "other sheep" of His injuring the old movement would fold. be largely averted; the rate of ad-

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MISSIONARY NEWS THE CHINESE REPUBLIC Peking Board of Education, has, it appears, recommended a Chinese- State Religion Opposed Roman alphabet of thirty-nine let- ters as adequate for the expression of ACCORDING to a newspaper re- all Chinese sounds. If this should port, a league has been organized advance from tentative use to a in Peking to oppose the motement larger service in the great Oriental to make Confucianism the State re- land, we may witness the disestabligion in China (described in the De- lishment of the cumbrous system of cember number). This league is sixty thousand symbols by the simple composed of representatives of Mo- and accessible alphabet now provided. hammedanism, Taoism, Buddhism, This, assuredly) would mean much Roman Catholicism, and Protestant for the cause of Gospel truth in Christianity. China.

The Constitution adopted by the Camel Versus Automobile Chinese Parliament made no provision for any State religion, but a re- A PARTY of missiona1'ies were cent Presidential mandate apparently, riding in "rickshaws" on their favors Confucianism. way to the Summer Palace, when they saw approaching a long string President Yuan Shih-kai, whose of camels laden with produce for mandates are now regarded as ap- market. This was no strange sight; proximate to the Imperial edicts of for these ungainly beasts with their the former era, describes the sayings air of nausea, as some one has exof Confucius as "a doctrine of un- prest it, "as if they were seasick in equaled wisdom, which is recognized all their four stomachs," are often as such by many foreigners as well seen in the streets of the capital city. as by Chinese"; "deep as the ocean," But just at this particular moment, .'sufficient altho the ages change," an automobile, a new arrival in the "permanent as the sun and the moon city, carne puffing and whizzing its that cross the heavens, and as the way along, disputing the passage rivers that flow on the earth." with their august majesties. Did they shy, or seemed disturbed? Not Chinese Language School one bit of it! A look of utter dis- dain seemed to hover around their THERE has been founded, under the countenances as if they would say, direction of the University of Nan- "What are you, you upstart of a king, a language-school, the first stu- thing, that you should seek to disdents of which represent eleven mis- turb our repose ? We will not be dissionary societies and agencies. It is commoded in the least!" hoped that, by this means, the enormous difficulties which the Chinese So has the whole land looked upon language presents to the Western stu- the foreign invasion and even to-day, dent will be sensibly diminished. despite the awakening on all sides, Many who have looked on with won- those who work in the country conder during the recent years of revo- tinually meet that supreme indifferlution in China, are now asking ence to all efforts at improvement so whether the time is not ripe for well typified by these "ships of the another revolutior: which shall liber- desert" sailing serenely through the ate the mind of the Chinese people. A conference, organized by the streets of Peking in the midst of elec- China. The great procession filled tric lights, macadamized roads, and many streets, and numerous and automobiles. gorgeous banners were displayed. The most remarkable of all, however, As to the Moslem Population was the one that declared belief in the risen Jesus of Nazareth. It may MOHAMMEDANS are found in be that these heathen mourners were every province, but the greater not wholly conscious of all that the number reside in these: Sinkiang words implied, but it is a significant (commonly known as Eastern Chin- fact that they bore this testimony to ese Turkestan), 'Kansu, Shensi, Shan- their faith, or at least to their hope, si, Chihli, Shantung, Honan, Kiang- that death does not end alI, and that su, Anhwei, Hupeh, Szechwan, Yun- Jesus is "the Way, the Truth, and nan, Kwangsi, Kwangtung, and in the Life." the Manchurian provinces. Now what docs this mean? It means that Buddhists in Despair the bulk of the Moslem population is found from North China right CHINA shows signs that the Buddown to the valley of the great river dhist and Taoist idolaters, con- Yang-tse-kiang, and all down the scious that they are losing their hold 'vI/estern provinces of China. In IO on the people, are .forming societies of these provinces Islam already among themselves for the more defistretches from north to south; in nite propagation of their religions; at least II, men are being trained while atheistic societies, such as the for the office of mullah; and, so far "No God Society," are definitely prea~ is known, no missionary society paring to fight all religions, true or has yet commenced special work false. Vith reference to this, a misamong the Chinese Moslems. We sionary connected with the Bible Soshall probably be well within the ciety writes: mark if we take the conservative estimate of IO,OOO,OOO as the mini- "These activities do not cause us mum number of Moslems in China to despair of the final outcome of to-day. Concerning these millions our work, but rather act as an in- Dr. W. A. P. Martin (one of the centive for being more in earnest in greatest living authorities on China) girding on the armor, and making' wrote recently: "Their influence is further preparations to combat, deeverywhere out of proportion to feat and convert alI those who are their numbers, showing the effect of opposed to the truth. These new their faith." Praise God for the phases of opposition must be met by abundant blessing He has bestowed a new class of literature; and in this upon the general work among all region alone there is great scope for classes of Chinese-Idolaters, Abori- usefulness for the society, in the gines, and Mohammedans; now the preparation and publication of this time seems to have come for special class of literature." and organized work among the Moslems on a scale commensurate with The Tobacco Trust in China the great need. THE greed of men has just received, "Jesus Is Not Dead" a striking illustration in China, where the Tobacco Trust has taken ad- "J. ESUS is not dead." These words vantage of the efforts made by the Chinese Government to free the peo- were inscribed on a banner dis- ple from the curse of opium. While played at a heathen funeral in China we are doing all possible to rid ouron Easter Sunday of this year. The selves of the cigaret evil, it is being funeral was that of Sung Chiaojen, foisted on China. The Watchmana prominent Chinese gentleman, Examiner says: "One of the most whose assassination shocked ail heartless exhibitions of mercenary

greed is the action of the Tobacco pray that they may be wise and Trust in China. All the world knows discreet and faithful to God in all what strenuous efforts the Chinese their ways."-London Chronicle. Government has" been making to rid its people of the opium curse. It has Colonization a Mi••ionary Method had astonishing success in ten yearsa success not parallel in any moral or pROPAGATION by colonization is social reform in history. With fiend- a new missionary method which ish ingenuity the cigaret dealers of the world surmised that the depriva- some Chinese Christians in the provtion of their opium would leave an ince of Kiangsu have been trying unsatisfied appetite with the Chinese with success, and which has in it opium smokers, and they have del- some good lessons for Christians in uged the interior of China with ciga- other places. A new station has rets. Agents have gone through the been opened at Yen Cheng, in north country giving away cigarets to the Kiangsu, in a district between the people, old and young, in order to Grand Canal and the sea, which is create an appetite for them. They large enough to apply for" &tatehood, have, unfortunately, succeeded, so if it were in the United States, and that vast quantities of cigarets are in which there was not a single misnow sold in China. The Chinese sionary of any denomination. Two have escaped one vice only to fall into missionaries of the Southern Presbythe clutches of another quite as terian Church, Rev. H. W. White hurtful." and Rev. C. F. Hancock and their families began the work at Yell Temple Trades Decline Cheng.

M R. T. H. CAREN writes : "We The remarkable thing about this had an interesting case in the station is not that it was opened up person of a temple keeper belonging by two ministers who were willing to the largest and. wealthiest temple to leave the known for the unknown, in Fatshan. He came to a number but that in opening up the work at of meetings, and once or twice re- this new station there was a con&idermained until just midnight talking able company .of Chinese Christians about the Gospel. We were afraid who belonged to Mr. White's work he was merely curious apd had no at Hsuchoufu and who would not be desire to learn; he said that since separated from him. So when he the revolution the money spent at decided to go to Yen Cheng, they the temple in idol worship was very decided they would go with him. much less than usual. I think he These, with their wives and children, was afraid of losing his job. Fatshan making a company of 29, old and is a very nest of temples, idol and young, left their homes and came incense makers, and, like the idol- forth, as they exprest it, on the way makers of old in Ephesus, they have to the Promised Land, regardless of this year created quite a disturbance the wilderness of difficultie& to go on more than one occasion, because through before they should get setthey were losing their trade. They tled. This number included elders, have petitioned the Canton Govern- deacons, colporteurs, medical workment to patronize the temples, to do ers, teachers, and pupils. It is persomething to cause, if not to com- haps the first time in the history of mand, the people to worship idols, missions in China that a new station so that they will not lose their trade has been started by transpqrting a altogether. Needl~ss to say, the Gov- nucleus of a church organization. ernment will not do anything of the sort. We need to remember the As a method of propagation, this plan has great advantages. It brings Christians at ? time like this, and more or less trained men and women into the field, and the new organiza- tion is on its feet at once and ready

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

to go forward. It has been tried in Islamic light among Japanese soldiers, many places in the home land where who, in their hundreds and thousands, a strong central church has sent off have acquired a strong literary taste colony after colony of its members and fondness for the Gunjin, edited to live in a location where a church by the editor of this journal for the was desired. It might be used to ad- last two years.' It is gratifying not vantage both in home and foreign a little that a certain number of mission fields, and the Chinese in Gunjin's military readers have Kiangsu province have rendered a evinced a desire to study the tenets service to the whole church in calling of Islam in right earnest." The same attention to the effectiveness of the paper also tells of a Mr. T. Miyasaki, plan of propagation by colonization. who believes himself to be a laUer- day prophet, superior to Buddha or JAPAN-KOREA Jesus, who has written a book entitled "My New Gaspe!." This gentleman, Buddhist and Christian Sects after a long conversation with Pro- fessor Barakat Ullah, editor of the Is- STATISTICS show that in Japan lamic Fraternity of Tokyo, sounded there are I3 denominations and 57 out this note of warning; "Christiansects of Buddhism. Of these the most ity is very dangerous in Japan, so I powerful one is that of Shin Shiu. heartily beg you to drive it out of our There are 7I,769 temples and 53,08I Land of the Rising Sun at the point priests. This number includes only re- of the sword of Islamic power." siding priests. Counting all those en- vVhile such an exhortation is puerile, gaged in preaching and teaching there it indicates the elements of Mohamare 73,047. There are also other kinds medanism which are prominent in of priests and nuns who have done the new movement. It should further duties of either preaching or teaching. be remembered that the first periodi- These number 54,001. These classes cal issued in the Far East for the of priests and nuns make up in all benefit of Chinese Moslems was like- I 80, 129. Besides these. there are wise published in Japan by enlightabout IO,OOO students preparing for ened Mohammedans from China the priesthood. The home depart- studying in Tokyo." ment of the Japanese Government has been gathering statistics of Christians T The Bible in Korea for many years, and the last report HE annual report of Rev. S. A. of the number of believers of the Beck, of the American Bible Sodifferent Churches is as foHows: ciety's work in Korea, shows an ad- Roman Catholic, 63,081 ; Greek Catho- vance in circulation of nearly double lic, 14,749; Nippon Kirisuto, 18,441; the preceding year, being 88,214 Kumiai, 16,115; Sei Ko Kwai, 15,- volumes. The attention of the whole 090; Methodists, I I,763; Baptists, world has been fastened on Korea 4,191; other smaller denominations, with special eagerness and no small I2,246; total, 155,676. apprehension during the past year. "Weare happy to report that our own Preaching I.lam to the Japanese work of Bible distribution has been conducted without interference or BUT hindrances and discouraging criticism on behalf of the authorities." facts are 110t far to seek. For the A very interesting work connected Review of Religions, published in with the Korean agency is its coopera- India reports: tion with Mrs. Rosetta S. Hall, of Pyeng Yang, in the provision of "Mr. Hatano, one of the first three Scriptures for the Korean blind. Japanese converts to Mohammedan- vVith the assistance of the Bible Soism, has started a monthly, AI-Islam, ciety, which provided the necessary for spreading the new faith among his countrymen. In the second number of AI-Islam, Mr. Hatano says: 'We have a capital field for extending

machinery, she has been able to estab- happy combination of Christians of lish a regular printing office by.which various nationalities, missions, and plates are being made for printing the denominations-English, American, Scriptures in Korean, with an alpha- Chinese, Japanese and Koreans. bet arranged on the New York point Those who robed were Bishop Cecil system. Boutflower, the Revs. W. P. Bun- combe and 'vV. H. Elwin, representing Japan's Mission to the West the Church of England; Bishop Mc- Kim and the Rev. C. S. Reifsnider, THE discussion of the question of the Church of America; also the Rev. Japanese immigration to California has dealt chiefly with its dangers. J. T. Imai and three clergy of the On the other hand, Mr. Miyazaki, who is pastor of the Japanese Pres- Church of Japan, who had lent their byterian church in San Francisco, churches for the administration of the believes that his race has a twofold sacramepts of the C. M. S. Mission mission in 'vVestern America-ma- to Chinese. terial and spiritual. It was a great disappointment that "Vhere," he says, "can you find the Chinese ambassador was at the laborers who will do the work de- last moment prevented from keeping manded if the Japanese be excluded? his promise to attend the ceremony, Japanese have come to this country but he wrote a very friendly letter of not only for their. living, but to im- apology enclosing fifty yen toward prove the agricultural conditions of the sum still needed for the building America. They are to cultivate fund. farms, enrich the country and also help to solve the problems of the The next day, Sunday, 16 Chinese, day. 5 English and 2 Japanese partook of Holy Communion, 12 of the Chinese "The mission of the Japanese on for the first time. The words of adthe Pacific coast, however, must not ministration were said in the three be on the material side alone, but on languages, while the service was the spiritual side also. The Japanese otherwise entirely in Chinese." in America are the interpreters of and for our two nations. They Where the Gospel Is News should interpret the American spirit and religion to the Japanese in the C HRISTIANS of the second or Orient, and the spirit and civiliza- twenty-second generation do not tion of Japan to the Occident. By half appreciate what it means that doing this our two great nations will to them the Gospel is "the old, old understand each other better, and the story" while to others it is news. traditional friendship will be per- A woman missionary from Korea fectly cemented. writes as follows in a personal letter: "I went to visit a certain woman "Interpretation, however, is a very whom I have known since coming hard task and the Japanese should here. She is a lady, but not a Chrisinterpret the national spirit of either tian. She was much pleased that I country from a Christian point of had again sought her. After a little view."-The Continent. conversation she said, moving nearer to me as we sat on the floor, 'You Church for Chinese Students in Japan and I are alike, but we are not alike. Why is it so? Is it because AN interesting account of the dedi- you read that book?' pointing to the cation of a. new church for Bible. Later, I asked her to read Chinese students in Tokyo is con- J oh11 iii. 16. She did so, and said 'I tributed to the Japan Quarterly by can read the words, but I do not Mrs. Lombe. We can find space for know what it means. I have been a few paragraphs only. She says: to church, but I could not understand what it all meant.' Then looking at "The gathering was formed by a

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me, in an earnest tone she asked Board now maintains three splendidly ''vVas it that way with you when you equipped missions, the Marathi ~is­ /irst believed?' I wish the people at sian in Bombay Presidency, whIch home could have seen her face and was the first to be established, the heard her ask that last question. Madura Mission, in South India, and When did we first hear?" the Jaffna Mission, in Ceylon. The SIAM recent celebration was held in Bom- Lepers Gifts for Missions bay and in Ahmednagar, the two cen- ters of the Marathi Mission, which T HE Mission to Lepers in India has also marked the anniversary by and the East has one of its most the publication of a very attractive successful asylums at Chiengmai, booklet, with pictures of all phases Siam. Six brick cottages are nearing of the work. A joint commission of completion, which will shelter 96 the American Board and the Woman's lepers, and thus more than double Board, which included a grandson of the capacity of the asylum. The Gordon Hall, one of the pioneer miskeeper, Loong Peang, and his wife, sionaries, went to India for the oc- Nang Kam, who are not lepers, have casion. One striking characteristic two leper children in the asylum. of the Marathi Mission has been the They show a c.onstant interest n?t number of children and grandchildren only in the physIcal comfort of theIr of its members who have come bark wards, but in teaching them the Way as missionaries to the land of their of Life. Eighty of the 82 lepers are birth. believers and have received Christian baptism. The meetings in Bombay were chiefly in English, the principal one, It is said that leprosy begets selfish- which was held in the Town Hall, ness and discontent, so that it is grati- being addrest by a prominent British fying to note a spirit of helpfulness layman, President Samuel B. Capen, among these Christian lepers. A leper of the Board, Dr. Robert A. Hume, woman, a former slave, often minis- the missionary, by a representative ters to the more needy women and of the Indian Christian community, prays with them in their extremity. The head teacher, himself a leper, and by a non-Christian Indian. In takes a special interest in visiting and Ahmednagar, the services were h~ld caring for the more helpless men. in Marathi, and to them came IndIan An even more striking illustration of Christians in large numbers from all the spirit of Christian helpfulness is parts of the Ahmednagar ciistrict, one the fact that the lepers saved, out of quarter of the popUlation of which, their scant weekly allowance, 18 according to the last census, is Chrisrupees, which they asked might .be used in sending out an evangehst. tian. The final gifts for the Cen- Twenty-five dollars provides for the tenary fund, which it had been hoped support of one of these lepers for a might reach 10,000 Rs., were made year. here, and the total exceeded 14,000 Rs. ($4,700). INDIA As a new immediate practical ap- Centenary of Missions in India plication of the increasing vigor of the Indian Christian Church, the REPORTS from India show that Aikya (or Union of Churches) has the plans which were announced decided by unanimous vote that from in these columns for the celebration of the one-hundredth anniversary of January I, 1914, it will undertake to the beginning of the work of the bear the responsibility for the pay- American Board, the pioneer Ameri- ment of the pastors of all the weaker can society, in India, have been car- churches. The 60 Indian Christian ried out successfully. The American churches in connection with this American Marathi Mission have thus entered upon their new century

banded together as a body of mind. The service was conducted in self-supporting and self-governing English and baptism was by immer- churches. sion in the baptistery not long since Self-support in the Punjab added to the church."

THE United Presbyterian Mission in At the time of the census of 191 I the Punjab has been making good there were 100,096 Parsis in India. Descendants of the old fire-worshipers progress toward self-support of pas- of Persia, they are an interesting sec- tors in its native churches since a tion of the population, whose im- revival in 1904 brought the need to portance is not to be measured by the fore. Two graduates of the mis- their numbers only. They are noted sion seminary threw themselves on for their intelligence and wealth, and the untrained Christian community their commercial and social influence.

with the idea of developing a self- They have taken the lead in educa- supporting ministry. At first they tion, for while the percentage of had a hard time, occasionally even literates among the Hindus is only going hungry, but the reward of their 5·5 I , among the Parsi3 it is 71.14.

courage has come. At present there In connection with the baptism of a are 33 self-supporting congregations, Parsi convert noted above, the Chris, paying their pastors from Rs. 15 to tian Patriot of Madras says that only Rs. 25 ($5 to $8) monthly, mostly in 35 Parsis have ever had the courage kind. The mission provides for the and faith to face opposition and per- education of the pastors' boys and secution by publicly confessing them- girls in mission schools. The congre- selves disciples of the Crucified.

gations are composed chiefly of low- I Fruit After Long Waiting caste small tenant farmers, or farm laborers-the landlords being rich N a letter from Purneah, Rev. T. Hindus and Moslems. At first a group of three or four contiguous Watson, of the Baptist Missionary villages will provide a pastor's sup- Society, tells a story which reads like port. Then, as the churches grow, a chapter in the Acts of the Apostles. they are each able to support their own pastor. The United Presby- While on a visit to the Khagra meta, terian Mission holds Bible schools in each important center in the cold sea- he was mourning the lack of results son, staying a week or more in a after years of work, when a man place. Here pastors and native named Nawa Singh presented himself, workers get further systematic train- saying that he h.ad been looking for mg. the missionary for some time! It ap- peared that the man had been instruc- ted in the truth by Prem Chand, who on his death-bed had handed him a Baptism of a Parsi Convert copy of St. John's Gospel in Bengali, which he had received from a mission- O N October 3d, Goulbai Grace ary some fifteen years before. A little Jehangirsha Vakil was baptized company of inquirers had been readby the Rev. Canon Heywood in Gir- ing the well-worn pages, and several gaum Church, Bombay. Miss Bailey, were now desirous of being baptized in giving an account, says: as disciples of Christ. During five days spent in the village in which these "A great deal of interest had been people live, Mr. Watson was engaged aroused over the baptism, owing to "the whole day and far into the night" Goulbai herself not wishing to keep dealing with inquirers; and several it a secret from her relatives, and were added to the Church. even writing beforehand to the Parsi high priest to inform him of her in- tention. This resulted in great op- One Text Evangelism in India A position, her parents and other rela- UNIQUE method has recently been employed by the Methodist tives using all the arguments in their power to persuade her to alter her Mission in Hyderabad, Deccan, ior

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a very successful campaign among cust the matter farther. In the mean- the low-caste people. After a pro- time an effort is being made to find longed time of prayer the preachers just the man for this important work, . went out in all directions. They all so that there may be no delay in agreed to preach from the same text action as soon as the final policy has -John iii. 16. That was the word been determined. they were to take everywhere-that and nothing else. They were told Buddhists Adopting Christian Hymns never to leave a village and go to another until some one in that vil- A Buddhist priest in California has lage had learned the text, and so modified some of the Christian could pass it on to others. In this hymns so as to suit his faith, and is way the people themselves became making use of them in the religious gospel messengers. The effect has services conducted by him. One of been that people have been wonder- the good old hymns runs as follows: fully moved to repentance and faIth. o for a thousand tongues to sing 'When a second campaign was planned the word agreed on was My holy Buddha's praise; Rom. x. 9, "If thou shalt confess The glories of my teacher great, with thy mouth Jesus as Lord, and shalt believe in thy heart that God The triumphs of his grace. raised him from the dead, thou shalt be saved." The same method was Buddha, the name that kills our fears, pursued, with similar results. Whole That bids our sorrows cease; villages were brought under the power of the gospel. 'Tis music in the speaker's ears, 'Tis life, and health, and peace. A Mi…ionary Survey of India Hear him, ye deaf; his praise, ye THE National Missionary Convel1- dumb, . tion, which was held under the Your loosened tongues employ; chairmanship of Dr. Mott, arranged Ye blind, behold your Buddha come; for a new and thorough survey of India from the point of 'iew of mis- And leap, ye lame, for joy. sionary operations; a provisional Sur- vey Committee, representing all sec- Modifications have been made of tions of India, was appointed, but it "Nearer, My God, to Thee," and "Joy was understood that the work of the to the World."-The Pacific. survey was to be superintended by an expert who should give his whole time Ramabai'. New Work for Indian Women for two years to this work. The salary and expenses of this survey secretary AN interesting effort is now being were guanmteed by Dr. Mott. Imide in behalf of the high caste Maharatta population of India. Some The convener of the Survey Com- of the social leaders have apparently mittee announces that there has been lost faith in all religion, and unless an unforeseen delay in the appoint- something is done at once such peo- ment of the man to conduct the pro- ple are likely to develop into atheists posed survey, due to a feeling on or agnostics. the part of some members of the Continuation Committee of the Edin- To meet this need, Pandita Rama- burgh Conference that the' method bai, the famous founder of the in- proposed for making the survey was dependent Christian work for India's open to objection. Under these cir- chiIJ widows, has sent he· daughter, cumstances, Dr. Mott has thought it Manoramabai, with a group of help- best to postpone definite action until ers, to open work for women at the Continuation Committee had dis- Gulbarga, South India, and, if possi- ble, to establish a school there for Brahmin girls. The married women, whose household cares fill the fore- noon, asked for afternoon classes, and many Brahmin women, wives of lawyers and other professional men,

have attended them. They are very broad and deep, the foundations of eager for an education, but do not an eventual Christian state. They want to take up Bible study, which, have as agencies for the prosecution however, is obligatory in Christian of the work, fine model translations mission schools. of the Bible, the leadership in edu- Testimony Under An Anesthetic cation throughout the land, a great medical force in the shape of ten A YOUNG caste Hindu recently hospitals with more than roo,OOO underwent a serious operation in patients annually (half of them Mos- the Thoburn Methodist Hospital, at lems), and 60,000 living witnesses Nadiad, and while under the anes- for Christ. thetic he repeated the Lord's Prayer, Mission Progress in Turkey the Apostles' Creed, and the Ten T Commandments. Then he prayed to HE overthrow of the Turk's politi- cal power will humble him and Jesus. This young man had stated upon entering the hospital that he make him more ready to listen to was a Hindu, so that the doctors the Gospel. He has been proud, over- were much astonished at his knowl- bearing, bigoted and self-conceited.

edge of the Christian ritual. When He is being disillusioned rapidly and questioned, a few days later, he re- the time is coming when he will see plied, "Yes, I am a Hindu, but I himself in the true light. Meanwhile learned these beautiful words from the Scriptures have been circulated the Methodist preacher in my village. far and wide among all classes of And I like them so much it is a com- people in the empire. Many Turks fort to repeat them." are reading the Bible; and so are the MOSLEM LANDS Arabs, Greeks, Armenians and others.

The New Turkey It is believed that when religious frweiel-l dom becomes a reality, many FOR 92 years the missionaries in Turkey have labored to get the come out and confess Jesus Christ as spirit and power of the Gospel into Oriental Christianity, and God has Savior and Lord. There is also the granted them a large measure of success. The revolution of the Young process of enlightenment going on in Turks in 1908, by the overthrow of despotic rule, by the establishment of a the great Oriental Christian churches. responsible ministry, by a parliament to enact laws and control the public There are great reforms projected in purse, by the guarantee of liberty of public assembly, liberty of travel, the Greek and Armenian churches, by liberty of the press, and liberty for Moslem children to attend Christian their own members who have been schools-this revolution started a new era and opened a new door of influenced by the Christian mission approach to the Turks. The Turks now recognize that they can not sur- schools, colleges and hospitals in the vive as an independent power without the sympathy of Europe, and that land. The native Protestant churches they can not get the sympathy of Europe unless they secure equal rights have had no small part in these mat- ters. All this is most encouraging for the progress of Christ's Kingdom.

When the Oriental churches become truly transformed and purified by God's Spirit working in them, they will testify with overwhelming power to the truthfulness of Christ and Christianity before their Moslem brothers and the world.-Baptist Mis- sionary Review.

to all their subjects. Despotic Mo- The Potent Medical Wedge O hammedan rule has com,~ to an end. NLY a few minutes' walk from where Jesus talked with the Now, the missionaries, improving the present opportunity at God's C0111- woman of Samaria by the wellside is mand, purpose to establish the King- a missionary hospital. Its physician dom of God in Turkey, and to lay, tells you of some of his patients. One

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is a Bedouin, whose long, bushy hair, whether West Africa furnished for as black as coal, hangs down his mission effort a field worth working back. He looked wild enough when on aggressive high-pressure plans. At he came to be treated, but he has be- the end of the ten-year period, the come gentle enough during his stay success is triumphant. The native there; for the doctor, known in Mos- force assisting in the spread of the lem lands as "hakim," has removed mission has in this decade increased from his back an enormous tumor from fifty-five to 257, the commuweighing eighteen pounds, reminding nicants from 1,852 to 4,044, with one of the burden borne by Bunyan's 15,247 catechumens. Meantime, the Christian. Best of all, he has learned pupils under missionary instruction that he can get rid also of the bur- have gained at an even more remarkden of his sins. On the other bed is able ratio, increasing from 963 to an orphan, Mahmoud, whose relatives 9,564. have turned him out on the streets, and from ill-treatment his foot has But most triumphant of all, perbecome gangrenous. He takes refuge haps, has been the vindication of the in the mosque, but is driven thence policy of placing the burden of exbecause of the offensive odor coming pense on the natives themselves. The from his foot, which is alive with board pays the salaries of the mismaggots and hangs only by the sionaries, but all other expenses of sinews. A dangerous amputation and the native churches are paid by the a secondary hemorrhage threatened African membership. his' life, but after some weeks of loving care, he hobbles merrily away Islam in Lagos upon a wooden leg made for him by the local carpenter. S1. Augustine's AN outward sign of the advance of bed is occupied by a poor woman, Islam in West Africa has been whose brute of a husband beat her so furnished by the opening of a new cruelly that large abcesses formed, mosque in Lagos which has ueen but the doctor had to remove several erected at a cost of more than 12,000 of her ribs as dead bone. 'When she pounds. The headmaster of the entered the hospital she was sad and government school for Mohammeill, but after her stay was over, she dans delivered a remarkable address became much brighter, due partly to on the occasion in the course of renewed health, but also to the work which he exprest his gratitude for of Christ in her heart. What hap- the assistance Islam and Moslems had pened in Nablus, the Shechem of received 'from the government by the Bible times, is happening all over the establishment of the school over Moslem world. Mohammedans hate which he presided, arid in various Christians, and oppose them in many other ways. He referred to the beways, but they can not resist their ginnings of Islam at Lagos as fol- Christ-like work of healing. lows: AFRICA "At the' latter part of the eigh- teenth century, about the time of A Successful Experiment King Oshilokun, the fate. of Islam was indeed hard. The unfortunate A VALUABLE contribution to the I-Iausa bondsmen who, in their tear- 1'- history of missionary adminis- ful journey in slavery to this place, tration is to be found in a booklet had brought with them the seeds of issued by the Presbyterian Board en- Islam, found here but barren soil, and titled "The Testing of a Mission," everywhere they turned their lot was which tells the story of a ten years' hard. To avoid a grievous fate they experiment undertaken by the board were obliged to hide their heads in West Africa in 1903 to find out and say their prayers in the strictest by the demonstration of experience privacy-alone in secluded chambers, and often in dreary attics. As time passed by, in spite of persecution, the

worshipers of the true God m- motor bicycle has resisted the attack creased in numbers!' of a rival motor, and whereas the pieces of the assailant were gathered Christian Activity Among Students and carted to the nearest garage, the Colonial Mission bicycle took its rider T HE student movement in South home. On no occasion has a preach- Africa has 6,07I members, 5,420 ing appointment been missed, and to of whom are boys and girls. Ninety bush dwellers, some of whom for per cent. are connected with the Bible years have had no opportunity of atstudy circles. The movement sup- tending a religious service, the Gospel ports its own missionary in British has been preached. An experienced Central Africa and 52 orphans at the 1110tor-clclist estimated the petrol cost Kaira Orphanage, Gujarat, India. Of for 5,000 miles to be £10; in West its 31 student volunteers, 14 arc on the field, working in British Central Australia, where petrol is 25 pel' cent. Africa, Southern Rhodesia, Nigeria and in South African mission fields. dearer, 6,000 miles have been covered Affiliated with the movement is a at an expense of only £8. Teachers' Christian Association, binding together teachers in distant and Christian Endeavor in Hawaii solitary farm schools, and doing much to awaken interest in Bible study SINCE the inauguration of Enamong the children in their charge. deavor work in Hawaii, the Besides this over 2,000 adults have churches, especially the Hawaiian taken to Bible study in these stu- churches, have experienced new life.. dent circles, using the Student Move- There are now 68 Endeavor societies ment text-books. in Hawaii, with an enrolment of 3,132 members, the majority of whom THE OCEAN WORLD have already become faithful mem- bers of the Church. For the coming Missions on a Motor-bicyc:le in Australia year there will be a campaign for the increase of societies and members, I N -Vest Australia, where men are and it is hoped that the figures at the compelled to lead the "strenuous next annual convention will be greatly life," Superintendent Wieland has increased. In nearly all of the had a lively experience with the motor churches the societies are depended bicycle which the friends of Colonial upon for the solution of many of the Missions presented to him. The Sab- church problems. bath Day journey on the' "wheat belt" has rarely been less than 40 NORTH AMERICA miles and three services, and Mr. -Vieland says that as many as 72 The Congregational Missionary Policy miles have been covered and the three services held. During the year, T HE Commission on Missions, for the motor bicycle experiment was which was appointed by the Cononly started I2 months ago, all sorts gregational Council at Kansas City, and conditions of roads have < been has summoned the denomination to faced, and from none of them has an Every-Member Canvass for the there been a retreat. Mr. Wieland missionary budget, during the first has been stranded on sand plains and three months of 1914. This canvass bogged in salt lakes; he has plowed is defined as an organized, adequate through flowing streams dnd been effort, by a representative and trained thrown when taking an anthill. He committee, to reach through a perhas traveled by the 5ide of the rail- sonal visit, and within a limited time, way for miles, with a ditch on one every member of the church, conside and protruding sleepers on the gregation and Sunday-school, with other; has paced the lonely track of an opportunity to contribute to the the settler in the midnight hour, as whole work of the Kingdom of God. well as in the midday glow. The It is a part of a comprehensive mis- sionary policy which includes Mis- sionary Education among Adults; to

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

teach church-members the real value a religion of protest, but has become of missions, and Missionary Educa- very aggressive. For a long time it tion in the Sunday-school, with a has led in religious and social work view to the church of the future; to in some of our great cities, and now be conducted as an integral part of it is turning to other lands. This is the religious education which the partly due to the fact that several of Sunday-school is designed to fur- its most prominent leaders have come nish. back from the Far East enthusiasts over m1SSlOns. Ex-President Taft The fundamental purpose of Con- takes every opportunity to advocate gregational missionary policy is ac- them, and is almost as much of an cordingly, "the enlistment, first, of enthusiast as a foreign missions secevery church and, next, of every retary of any denomination. Presichurch-member in a support of the dent Eliot, Professor Peabody and societies that is both intelligent and Dr. vVendte have recently been in adequate." Japan and Turkey, and have evi- dently been stirring the denomina- American Board Endowment Fund tion to action along missionary lines. All three of these men took part in T HE American Board has 33 in- the conference and urged the Uni- stitutions of a higher type under tarian Church to establish itself in its charge, 19 being collegiate and 14 foreign lands. theological. In these institutions, with their preparatory departments, Reorganization of the Presbyterian over 7,000 students are under instruction. Nearly all of the 5,000 Home Board native Christian workers in the 20 missions of the board were trained FOLLOWING recommendations in these schools. It should be re- adopted by the General Assembly membered that one-half to five- at Atlanta last year, the Presbyterian sixths of the expenses of these Board of Home Missions recently schools come from local sources. considered the report of its sub- These institutions have hitherto been committee on reorganization, and clependent on annual appropriations endorsed a complete scheme of refrom the board's treasury. It is now organization, which is to be reported being planned to put them on a to the next General Assembly. Dr. more satisfactory basis. A fund of Charles L. Thompson, secretary of $2,000,000 is being raised to this the board, outlines the objects of end. Half of this has been con- this reorganization as follows: tributed by the family of the late D. Willis James and $369,000 has "To bring the board into closer recome into the fund from other lation with the field by securing the sources. appointment of a secretary with head- quarters on the field who shall have Unitarians to Take Up Missions general oversight of all work of the board in the territory now under the T HE papers of Boston recently field secretaries. gave an account of "The First Unitarian Missionary Conference," "To simplify the work by coordiwhich was held in Channing Hall. nating the departments and bringing The thing that surprized some peo- them under more definite secretarial ple was the fact that the Unitarians had become interested in missions. supervision. The thing that sUI'prized others was "To provide some plan whereby the realization that they had not been, that this was the first confer- the various sections of the country ence. But the congress is the fruit may be more adequately represented of a new spirit that has come over in the counsels of the board. The Unitarianism, It seems no longer need of some such provision has long been felt by the board."

Work of the Federal Council of Prominent white friends of the Indian were also present. Churches Altho questions of education, re- AT the annual meeting of the ligion, sanitation, and morality oc- ~xecutive Committee of the cupied the greater part of the time, Federal Council of Churches, re- some thought and discussion were cently held in Baltimore, Rev. Henry given to tribal matters. K. Carroll, LL.D., the well-known religious statistician, was elected as- The lack of schools on the Navajo jociate secretary. Reservation came up for discussion, and it was stated that in spite of Among the significant items in the treaties making definite promises, report of the secretary of the coun- there are still 6,000 children who cil, Rev. Charles S. Macfarland, have never been to school a day in were the plans for a campaign of their lives. Superstition is rampant, religious activities and provision for the medicine man is the real ruler exhibits and congresses in connec- of the tribe, and hundreds are paytion with the Panama Pacific Exposi- ing the terrible toll that dirt and tion; the endeavors of the council to disease exact. The Eituation 011 fh( keep the exposition free from the Black Foot Reservation seems little exploitation of commercialized vice, better, and the story of Indians who and the recent developments in last winter starved to death made united evangelistic effort. The one wonder if we are really living in efforts of the council to secure an the midst of Christian civilization. adequate number of chaplains for In the platform adopted by the conthe army and navy were continued ference great emphasis was laid upon by the appointment of a committee to the importance of having the political interview the President, the Secre- status of the Indian defined and the tary of the Navy, and the Secretary Indian claims settled. of War. Laymen's Movement in Canada The next meeting is to be a joint assembly of the Executive Commit- THE annual meeting of the Laytee of the council, the various com- men's Missionary Movement of missions and denominational boards Toronto, held recently, gave great and departments whose interests are satisfaction to all who have been common with those of the commis- active in the movement. Six years sions. It is expected that this as- ago, at the inaugural meeting, the sembly will be held at some point in sum of $soo,ooo was set up as the the South, probably at Atlanta, in amount Toronto churches should give December, 1914. It will bring to- annually to the work of missions. gether practically all the working de- The report of the executive commitpartments of the 30 denominations in the council. tee for 1912-13 shows that no le% than $S62,I01 has been contributed The Betterment of American Indians during the year, the Baptist churches giving $85,146. With the utmost en- THE third annual conference of thusiasm it was resolved to raise the the Society of American Indians, objective for the annual offerings to held in Denver, October 14-20, wal:. $75°,000. The company was favored marked by a hopeful spirit of unity with an address by Sherwood Eddy, and enthusiasm. The growth of the national Y. M. C. A. secretary for organization has been gradual but steady, and proves the increasing Asia, on "The Awakening in Jhe faith of the Indians and their white East," in which the conditions as refriends in the usefulness of the vealed in evangelistic and other movement. Between 60 and 70 meetings in connection with the reactive members, representing a large cent tour of John R. Mott, were set number of tribes, were re~istereq. forth,

WORLD-WIDE 1TISSIOXARY NEWS r57

SPANISH AMERICA 111 missionaries, a membership of National Sunday.school Convention in 23,000, and all income of 1r8,000.

Cuba In 1874 the income was iI84,o00.

L AST lovember the SeveIth An- In 1912, with 385 missionaries and nual National Sunday-school Convention of Cuba was held in the 336 indigenous ministers, a membercity of Cardenas. Three days were occupied by the Sunday-school con- ship (excluding that of conferences vention proper and another by a convention of the United Young Peo- iClhOrWi~tiinadne p endent) of 12o9,f333~87a,n1d38,a ple's Societies. community There were r69 registered dele- the mcome was 1197,r68, of which gates, representing neariy all the Protestant churches of Cuba and iI43, I 50 came to the Wesleyan treacoming from all parts of the island. The program was composed of de- sury from current home sources. votional exercises and Bible study, reports of the year's work, and plans Y. M. C. A. and Foreil'n Missions for the coming year, with demonstrations of classes in the various grades THE possibilities of the Y. M. C. of the Sunday-school and several A. as a center of missionary enconferences on principles and methods. thus,iasm appear to be inadequately realIzed. Mr. R. Consterdine de- The spirit of confidence and. fra- scribing a missionary conferen~e at ternity among the denominations is the Henley-on-Thames Association very marked and the fine fellowship says: "The conference has created among the delegates, regardless of not merely an impression, but a real race, color or church connection, was and practical enthusiasm among the one of the most precious features of membership.. New SUbscriptions the convention. The v,·ork for the have been gIVen, former contribuchildren and young people of Cuba tions increased, collecting-boxes is the most promising field of mis- g~ven out, and a ~issionary readingsion activity and the church is cen- CIrcle on the pomt of formation; tering its attention on these depart- and, perhaps what is more encouragments in a way that mu::;~ bring re- ing than all, prayer-life has been sults. deepened along the lines of mis- sionary enterprise. May the time be EUROPE-GREAT .BRITAIN at hand when every British associa- A Century of Missionary Growth tion shall give the foreign work its rightful place on the program! If O NE hundred years ago was laid our religion is false, we are bound the foundation of Methodist to change it; if it is true, we are missions in the East. Tn r8r3 the bound to propagate it." mortal remains of Dr. Thomas Coke, saint and martyr, consecrated the THE CONTINENT Indian Ocean, and a month later his band of companions claimed Ceylon European Royalty and Missions for Jesus Christ. In that same year a missionary society was established THE attitude which is being taken in Leed.s, the example Lting fol- toward missions by some of the lowed in other parts of the country. Growth was rapid. The first annual present sovereigns of Europe is of report on missions, dated 1789, shows more significance to the churches in an income of ir,404 and an ex- their respective countries than demopenditure of i I ,472-even then there cratic Americans perhaps can realize. was a deficit. In 1816 there were Twice lately King George has ex- prest his deep sympathy and per- sonal interest in missionary work. He communicated his good wishes to the members of the Laymen's Missionary Union who met in Swan- wick, and to the Wesleyan Mission- ary Society when it celebrated its

centenary. On both occasions his tives of the Baptist, Methodist, and words showed that he was not only Congregational churches of the counspeaking as head of the nation, but try met for spiritual edification, for as a Christian man. business, and to compel counsel to- gether as to how best to work for the In November, when The Hague good of the beloved fatherland, espewas the seat of the meeting of the cially in this time of its distress. De- Continuation Committee of the Edin- nominational lines were obliterated. burgh Conference, Queen 'Wilhelmina Only few and slight symptoms of took the occasion to write to the com- what looked like jealousy or party mittee, and cordially welcomed the spirit were observable. The scheme members, declaring "her affinity of was well launched, and promises most soul with the grand task that is hopefully for the future. aimed at by the continuation of the affairs of the Edinburgh Confer- The congress appointed a commitence." tee to present at its closing meeting a report of practical suggestions, Missionary Interest in Holland drawn from the business meetings and from topics discust according to T HERE has recently been a distinct the program, which were adopted, growth of missionary interest in and are to be published in the evan- Holland and progress has been made gelical organs, and prest by all toward cooperative action. Three pastors and preachers. They cover Missions-the old Rotterdam Society, the two fields of endeavor after the Utrecht Society, and the Commit- spiritual revival, and renewed recomtee for Sangi and Talant-have united mendation of the evangelical literatheir forces and are jointly operating ture.-The Orient. a college l!-t ~ott~rdam for the trait?– ing of mlSSlOnanes. A proposal 1S OBITUARY now under consideration of acquiring larger accommodatipn and of inviting Mrs. Jared W. Scudder the cooperation of the Rhenish Society. Missionary Study Circles have I NFORMATION has been received been organized under the guidance of of the death, on December IO, in young Gunning, a son of the Director Palmaner, India, of Mrs. Scudder, of the old Rotterdam Society, and a the widow of the Rev. Dr. Jared W. Missionary Study Council has been Scudder, who died in India in 19IO, formed to superintend the publication after completing 55 years of missionof suitable literature, while the Inter- ary service. He was the last of the national Conference at Lunteren (in seven brothers who for so many 191 I) had its full share in developing years constituted so large a part of the missionary spirit. These signs the Arcot Mission. give evidence of a revival of ':ll!ssionary interest, and of a recogmtlOn on Mrs. Scudder passed away from the part of Holland of her colonial her earthly activities on her eightyresponsibility.-B. Hitjer. second birthday after having given 58 years of her life to the promotion An Evangelical Bulgarian Congress of the Kingdom of our Lord in India. Hers has been a singularly T HE year 1913, so sadly memor- useful and influential life. Her per- able for Bulgaria politically, has sonality has entered into the lives of been marked by an event that ought a large number of the Hindu girls to be of great and beneficent signifi- who have been trained in the boardcance for the country, tho but little ing-schools of which she had charge, notice was taken of it in the news- and who have subsequently become, papers. This was the assembling in many of them, the wives of pastors, Sofia of the first Panevangelical Bul- evangelists and catechists of the garian Congress, in whicl} representa- mission. AND MISSION LANDS THE CONTINUAT1()N COMMITTEE CONFER- This volume does not include the ENCES IN ASIA, 1912-1913. By John R. stenographic reports of the confer- Mott, LL.D. 8vo. 488 pp. $2.00. For ences, which would have evidenced sale by Student Volunteer Movement, 600 the sanity of the conclusions which , Lexington Avenue, New York. 1913. sometimes scarcely seem wise. If the critic had these reports before This "brief account of the con- him and could know the arguments ferences, together with their findings underlying certain findings, his oband lists of members," constitutes j ections would, no doubt, disappear. one of the most weighty contributions to the science of missions ever The subjects discust are: Survey published. While the nine-volume and occupation of the fields; evanreport of the Vorld Missionary Conference, held at Edinburgh in 1910, gelistic work; the Christian Church, embodied the condensed opinions of with its' various problems; the vastly a larger number of experts on the important subject of Christian leaderfields, digested and formulated by ship; the training of missionaries for their demanding tasks; Christian edusome 160 specialists in the sending cation in its lower and highest forms; lands, those eight commissions were its correlate, Christian literature; coobliged to take a world-wide view of operation in its rapidly growing the topics discust and hence could phases; medical missions and prepanot apply the conclusions to specific ration therefor; and work for women fields. These 21 conferences discuss of non-Christian countries.

most of the subjects of the Edin- Dr. John R. Mott, who headed burgh Conference, with such im- the group of five men constituting portant additions as medical missions the delegation, writes a prefatory and woman's work, and always with chapter setting forth the character a specific field in view. The volume and value of these conferences. In is therefore an application of the the lists of delegates, we have an Edinburgh methods to specific enumeration of the men and women, problems found in definite fields. native and foreign, who are making These conferences were held at the the Church's history on Asiatic mis- request of the Edinburgh Conference sion fields a Christian Hall of Fame.

Continuation Committee during the This volume is by no means easy period from October, 1912, to May, reading, and will be valueless for the 1913, in the principal fields of Asia- careless reader. It is a book for fields embracing some three-fourths specialists who are eager to know of the inhabitants of the non-Chris- the latest convictions concerning mis- tian world. One each was held in sionary methods and policies. Its Ceylon, Burma, Strait~ Settlements, catholicity attracts such readers. Ail and Korea, seven in India, seven in the leading denominations here voice China, and three in Japan. In India their common sentiments. At the and China sectional conferences were national conferences convened in held in six important regional divi- Calcutta, Shanghai and Tokyo, the sions, and later a national conference average number of denominations was held in the two countries at- represented was 36. Hence we have tended by delegates appointed by the here for Asiatic missions documents sectional conferences. In all, the equivalent to the decrees of the delegates numbered 1,583, of whom ecumenical councils of the early 14 per cent. were women, while the Church; tho unlike those decisions native delegates constituted almost 35 affecting matters of faith and order, per cent. of the entire membership-a these findings have to do with the weightier matters of bringing Asia to novel and most significant fact. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [February a saving knowledge of the Father per set. Lantern slides of these charts of all men, and of His Christ. are rented at 50c. a day by the Missionary Education Movement, New York. THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE OF TO-DAY AND YES- TERDAY. By Nevin O. Winter. Illus- THE CHINA MISSION YEAR BOOK Being trated. 487 pp. $3.00, net. L. C. Page "The Christian Movement in China" & Co., Boston. 1913. 1913. Edited by Rev. D. MacGiI1ivra~, The excellence of this recent story M.A., D.D. Map, I2mo. Christian Liter- of Russia and the Russians is its ature Society for China, Shanghai, 19I3. readableness. The people are viewed sympathetically, but with the eye of GREATHEART OF PAPUA (James Chalmers). one in harmony with Christian ideals By W. P. Nairne, M.A. Illustrated and modern ci·dlization. Russia is I2mo., pp. viii-229, 2S., net, post free: still medieval and despotic, but there London Missionary Society, London, is the material from which to form a .great and progressive nation. 191 3.

The writer takes up the various MANUAL OF MISSIONS. By Carl LeRoy districts of Russia and describes most entertainingly the people and their Howland, Ph.D. With an introduction history. Finland, Poland, the peas- ants, the Jews, religious forces, nihi- by Bishop Wilson T. Hogue. I2mo, pp. lism and autocracy are all dealt with 176. 75, net. Fleming H. Revell Co briefly but intelligently. The least New York, 1913. ., complete and satisfactory chapter is on the religious forces. The diffi- MILITANT METHODISM. The Story of the culties and o~pcrtunities presented to evangelical Christianity are most in- First National Convention of Methodist adequately described. Siberia and the exile system are also passed over Men. Held at Indianapolis, Indiana, with brief mention. October 28 to 31, 1913. Edited by David' THE KINGDOM IN THE PACIFIC. By Frank G. Downey, E. W. Halford, Ralph Welles H. L. Paton, B.D. 167 pp. Illustrated. K~eler. Bvo., pp. 379. $1.10, net. Meth- Is., net. London Missionary Society. odIst Book Concern, New York and Cin- 1913. cinnati, 1913.

The islands of the Pacific are a JUNGLE DAYS. Being the Experiences of unique mission field. They are so an American Woman Doctor in India. numerous, so varied, so isolated, and By Arley Munson, M.D. Illustrated, 8vo, life on them is generally so luxurious that they present problems and pos- PP·297· D. Appleton & Co., New York, sibilities all their own. Mr. Paton, 1913.

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WHERE ANIMALS TALK. West African Folk Lore Tales. By Robert H. Nassau.

I2mo, pp. 250. $1.50, net. Richard G. Badger, Boston, 1913. INyESTM~N: AND ACHIEVEMENT. A Study 111 Christian Progress. By William Les- lie King, D.D. 8vo, pp. 349. Jennings & Graham, Cincinnati; and Eaton and Mains, New York, 1913.

CHILDREN OF LABRADOR. By Mary Lane Dwight. .Illustrated, I6mo, pp. 1:)6. r-6d, net. Ohphant, Anderson & Ferrier ' Edinburgh, 1913.

FRANCE TO-DAY: ITs RELIGIOUS ORIENTA- TION. By Paul Sabatier. pp. xii-302.

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HAYDEN WILSON,MISSIONARY. By P. H.

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