The Missionary Review of the World — October 1925

INDIANS OF PERU APPEALING TO MISSIONARIES OF THE EVANGELICAL UNION FOR

The New home of McCutch~on's will open on or about October 15th WHEN next you visit New York, we cordially invite you to include our handsome new store on Fifth Avenue at 49th Street in your tour of the city.

In this new store you will meet the same friendly spirit for which McCutcheon's has long been famous. Our old patrons will, of course, notice many new things; the home Decorating Department, Dress Silks, Jewelry, Novelties and Bags. And many of the old depart~ ments have been enlarged, too.

Reg. us Fl1t. Off. James McCutcheon & Co.

609 Fifth A'IIenue at 49th Street, New York EVIL COMMUNICATIONS or COMPANIONSHIPS?

How true it is that the value of an important and oft-quoted text lies in the accuraey of its A Popular Number translation and on its finer shades of mC'dning ! Thus it is that, according to the American (wzth topIcal helps) Standard Bible, First Corinthians 15,33, ··evil companionships" rather than evil communica.. 15!l-T-Genuine leather seal tions, " corrupt good morals-not good manners. ,g-rain, divinity circuit, round So it is throughout this marvelously accurate {'orners, title stamped on version-the $ 3 dboiroekcsttoorfesthoer back in pure gold, at leading 50 = publishers..

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Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY YOUR Children REVIEW OF THE WORLD What Are They Studying at DBLA~VAN L. PIERSON, Bditor SUNDAY-SCHOOL? It, Contents for October, 1925 … ….._-"::':'!'"… Are they learning that Paye the Bible is the Word of FRONTISPIECE ..•….. SOUTH AMERICAN God, and a trustworthy guide to etemallife? Are INDIANS AI>PEALING FOR A MISSIONARY they being taught that EDlTORIALS …………•…..•…… 741 Jesus Christ is the Son of God, and the Saviour of "WiHY PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN LATIN the World? Or are their AMERICA. minds being filled with the doubts and denials of UNDERSTANDING OUR NBIGHBORS. Evolution and Modern- PnOTESTANT MISSIONARIES IN LATIN ism?

AMERICA. Y QU teachers and par- M"IRSION.Alty MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA. ents ought to know. Our Sunday School publica- LATIN DEMOCRACIES •• W. E. BROWNING 747 tions, written for all de- nominadonsy are true to QUOTABLE IT EMS ABOUT SOUTH the Word of God. AMERICA ….•……•…•…•.• 753 The "Full Gospel" Line of LATIN AMERICAN REACTION TO THE International Lessons GOSPEL •••••.••… J. H. McLEAN 755 TEACHERS' QUARTERLY A JAPANE~E MISSIONARY IN BRAZIL An absolutely new publication, prepared with Ino ex~ • •••••••••••.••• Mwoxr KOBAYASHI 760 r~~a;IS~h~i~e~~~~~~iiabl:: ~b!;~~~bfi~: ~~ HOW GOD IS WORKING IN LATIN AMERICA •••••••••.•• J. L. HART 763 tinct departments. YOUNG PEOPLE'S QUART ERLY SOUTH AMERICAN INTELLECTUALS AND CHRISTIANITY, J. A. MACKAY 769 For use in Young Peopfe's Societies and Bible Study classes. Topics are selected, and expositions furnished HISTORICAL DATA ON LATIN AMER- to cover every phase of Christian expelieDce~ ICA .. , •••••..••.•.••.•..••…• 775 SENIOR QUARTERLY THE RELIGIOUS FERMENT IN MEXICO Special features are: Lesson Subi:t, Lesson Text, • …….••…•••••… A. B. RUDD 777 t=~: 6"ue~ri~!~,1i::~ ~~~I:~, Pr~tic~Toi~~~n, IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC .•••.• ……………. . JAY S. STOWELL 783 INTERMEDIATE QUARTERLY Meets the needs of young people between the ages of ONE GENERATION IN PORTO RICO ………………. HERBERT FoRD 789 I4-I7. A simple, instructive publication, with special features and an attractive cover• A LETTER FROM DR. GRENFELL OF LABRADOR …………•..•.•.. 795 JUNIOR QUARTERLY Fills the needs of young people between the ages of BEST METHODS FOR THE STUDY OF LATIN AMERICA …•.•…..•.•.. ten and fourteen. Its special features are: Scripture • •••• EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK 799 ~~;i;fliu!tr~ti~~ !d~~I~~d~~~~~~ The Lesson WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLE- TIN: UNDn-R THE SOUTHERN Caoss HOME DEPARTMENT QUARTERLY •• , .EDU'BD BY ELLA D. McLAURIN 807 All the features of the Senior FuU Gospel QuarJerly, WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN: adapted for home use. '

THE WEST INDIES •••••..••••••••• THE ALLIANCE WEEKLY For adult classes. The Allianc:e Weekly is an excep- EDITliD BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 810 NEWS FROM MANY I.ANDS ..•••••••••. 813 tionally :fine Sunday School paper. In addition to a THE MISSIONARY LIBRARy……….. 827 Lesson Exposition in each issue, there is an abundance TERMS.-$2.60 a ,.ear. ($2.00 In club. of of Bible study material, sermons and missionary five.) Foreign pOBtago. ISO cents. Singlo copS., articles . 25 cents. published monthI,.. Copyrighted, 1925, b,. MISSION4lIY REVlBW PUBLISHING OOM- THE YOUTH'S COUNSELLOR PAlrY, INC. All rights reserved. Gives young people a grasp 01 the essential truths of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING the Bible in such a way as to pro" e both interesting COMPANY, Inc. and entertaining. Clean, spiritual stories; live mis- Roallla" E. SPlIIlIIB, PreaitfllfU :~~~~rv~Bibiehsel~~;s.sunday School notes, and in:.

WILLIAlIL I. OH,U(BlilaLAIN, V6/:e-P1'e."'"", JUNIOR BOYS AND GIRLS A lively, interesting paper for boYs and girls between DlilLAVA.N L. P:mllBON, Becrefat'll the ages of ten and fourteen. Bristles with Bible stories. W,u,TJIlR McDOUGALL, Treasurer incidents and applications. Illustrated. Publication ,,!lIce, 3d & Reil,. Sta., Harrisburg, JOY BELLS Pa. 26c a copy. $2.50 a ,.ear EdltDrial and BUSiness Ornce, 156 Fifth Avenue, Delight, the little primary people. Tbepictures and simple stm;ies are fine. Issued weekly. Ne.w York City Entered as f.ooond-ciass matter at the Post Picture Lesson Cards f~~~' Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, Picture Lesson Rolls Lesson Leaflets Write for Free Santples and Price Lists of Sunday School Supplies Send lor Our Catalog The Christian Alliance Publishing Company Books Bibles Tracts Mottoes Sunday School Supplies 2&0 West 44th Street NEW YORK. N. Y.

Pleas, Mention This PeriodicaL Please mention TBJI MIsSIONARY RJovraw 0" :rHE WORLD in writing tI> advertise,… PERSONALS Partnership Opportunities Rl!'V' DONALD FaA.''.ER, D.D., of Living· Enter into Permanent Partnership with s~oma, has be~n appomted Home Organiza. thousands of young lives by having a part hon Secretary of the Foreign Mission in the advancement of Christian Education AT Committee of the United Free Church of HOME and IN NEIGHBORING LANDS. Scotland. We have observed with pleasure that MIss IRENE SHEPPARD, who has been can· friends not only have remembered in their nected with the National Board of Young wills The American Baptist Home Mission Women's Christian Associations since 19()7 Society, but also have made bequests to one and has had wide experience in Latin Amer· or more of its mission schools. For those desiring to do this, the following corporate . . ica, has become Foreign Executive Secretary names are given: of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Bacone College, Bacone, Oklahoma; Bene- Presbyterian Church in tho U. S. A. dict College, Columbia. South Carolina; BISHOP H. W. K. MOWLL, formerly Dean Bishop College, Marshall, Texas; Colegios of Wycliffe College, Toronto, and since 1922 Internacionales, EI Cristo, Cuba; Hartshorn Memorial College, Richmond, Virginia; Inassistant bishop for West China uuder the ternational Baptist Seminary, East Orange, New Jersey; Jackson College, Jackson, Church Missionary Society, was one of a Mississippi; Leland College, Baker, Louisi- ana; Morehouse College, Atlanta, Georgia; party of eight missionaries reported to have Shaw University, Raleigh, North Carolina; been captured by Szechwan bandits. He has Spelman College, Atlanta, Georgia; Storer since been released. College, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia; Vir- ginia Union University, Richmond, Virginia. * For information kindly address REV. HENRY H. SWRE'l'S, D.D., Secretary of Education of the Presbyterian Church CHARLES L. WHITE, Executive Secretary South, sailed on August 6th from Vancouver The American Baptist Home Mission Society for a six months' study of the entire edu· (Exact Corporate Name) cational work of his Board in China Korea 23 East Twenty-sixth Street and Japan. ' New York City * REV. WALTER VAN KIRIC, pastor of the M. E. Church in West Lynn, Mass., has been chosen as Associate Secretary of the Com· mission on International J nstice and Good Will of the Feder•al C..onn*cil of Churches.

WILLIAM M. DANNER, the devoted and effective secretary of the American Mission . to Lepers, has recently started on a world Attractive tour of leper missions accompanied by his Accommodations wife and daughter. They plan to visit Japan, Korea, China, the Philippines, Siam, and India, interviewing government officials At the Heart of New York!

. and inspecting work for lepers. MISSIONARIES PASTORS OBITUARY EVANGELISTS REV. JAMES C. R. EwI'NG, D.D., President and otber Cbristian Workers, togetber witb of the Board of Foreign Missions of the members of their families, can secure roost de- Presbyterian C'hurch in the U. S. A., died sirable single orfdouble rooms wben visiting in Princeton, N. J. on August 2()th, in his New York in the new fire-proof building of seventy·first year. Dr. Ewing spent forty· the National Bible Institute. Every room an three years in missionary service in India, outside room, newly furnished, and with hot thirty of them as President of Forman and cold running water! Rates exceptionally Christian College, Lahore. The British Gov· low. For detailed information or reservations ~rnment repeatedly recogn~zed the value of address: llis work hy conferring honors upon him, the highest being that of Knight Commander Guest Secretary (E), of the Indian Empire, in 1923. The National Bible Institute, .. .. * 340 West Fifty·fifth Street. REV. FaEJ)=()K B. BRIDGEMAN, D.D., for New York City. twenty·eight years It notable representative of. the Ameri~an Board of Commissioners Don O. Shelton. M. T. Shelford, for Foreign Missions in South Africa, where his father speut thirty·six years as a mis· President. Dean. sionary, died in Portland, Me., on August 23d.

REV. FRANCIS G. PENZO'l''l'I, from 1892 to 1922 a devoted agent of the American Bible Societ.y in Latin America, died in Buenos Aires on July 24th, aged seventy·four.

PleaBe mention THII MIB8IONDY RIIl'IBW 01' THII WORLD in writing to advertisers.

1HEMI-HIONARY

VOL. OCTOBER, 1925 NUMBER XLVlll TEN WHY PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN LATIN AMERICA~ CHRISTOPHER COI~UMBUS came from a Roman CatholIc country and landed in tropical Ameriea. The Pilgrim Fa- thers, the Dutch and the other settlers from Protestant Europe landed on the more northern shores of the continent. Most of the subsequent immigrants to Nortlt America came from Protestant Europe, while those to Mexico, Central and South America came from Southern Europe and brought with them Latin languages and customs together with the Roman Catholic religion. As a result, North America is dominantly ProteRtant while Latin America is Roman Catholic.

It is clear to any careful and impartial stndent or traveler that there are many differences between the characteristics, ideals and progress of North and South American governments and peoples. It is also interesting to note that Roman Catholic missionaries from the South do not come northward to offer the benefits of their interilretation of God and the Way of Life to North Americans; there are, however, today over 2,200 Protestant missionaries who have left home and country, friends and temporal advantages to carry to their human brothers in the Southlands the special message of truth and life that they believe to be unknown to most of the people there. Is this an assumption due to pride and arrogance or is it based on facts and inspired by a sincere and self-sacrificing spirit of serviee~ Many· thousands of Christians in North America will this year be studying Latin America-its characteristics, customs, history and religion-in carefully prepared textbooks. They will be living alongside their Roman Catholic neighbors at home without speaking a word to them as to differences of faith and practice, but meanwhile will become more deeply interested in evangelical missions to Roman Oatholics who live thousands of miles io the south. Why this difference1 Are the Catholics there so different from those at home f 741

Are they truly suffering from a lack of knowledge of God as revealed in Ohrist and are they in need of a standard and power of life that can be given to them through the Protestant churches of the north?

The special articles on Latin America in this and subsequent numbers of the REVIEW will give the facts as to the conditions that call for the more complete evangelization of Latin America, the Protestant forces that are there at work, and some of the results that justify these missions. Thirty-six new societies have started work in those countries in the last twenty-five years. There are over 60,000 pupils under instruction in Evangelical schools. The Protestant Societies spend about three million dollars annually for the maintenance of the work. Why is this justified from an evangelical Christian standpoint?

First, of the ninety millions of people in Latin America, about seventy per cent or over sixty millions are almost or wholly illiterate. The territory is so vast, so much is undeveloped, masses of the people are so poor that they have no opportul1ity for an education.

Second, in South America alone there are about seven million Indians practic,ully untouched by Christian teaching. ,Some have adopted Catholic symbols and ceremonies without understanding their meaning. Many are primitive and uncivilized savages in the untouched interior.

Third, South America contains the largest unoccupied mission fields in the world. Vast reaches of the interior are practically unexplored. Even the Roman Catholic emissaries have not penetrated these forests and jungles. Multitudes of the inhabitants have never heard the Gospel of Christ in any form.

Fourth, even among the educated descendants of the European settlers-most of them now of mixed race-materialism, atheism and low standards of morality prevail. The dominant aim of these lives is for money and pleasure. They have given up faith in God and agnosticism abounds in state educational institutions. Immorality is common, especially among the men, and from thirty to seventy-five per cent of the births are illegitimate.

Fifth, while the countries are all nominally Roman Catholic and, in most of them, the priests exercise a powerful influence, the people, as a whole, are not even enlightened Romnnists. They have, as a rule, received only the external forms of Romanism, without any understanding of the gospel message. The priests are influential but, to a large extent, are ignorant of the Bible. Many are openly intemperate and immoral. They oppose the reading of the Bible by their people and, where they have the power, create disturbances to prevent evangelical work. The spirit of the inquisition is still strong.

Sixth, while there are doubtless many true Christians in the

EDITORIAL COMMENT

Roman Catholic Church, the general influence of that Church is, unfortunately, toward bigotry, formalism, priestly autocracy, superstition and idolatry. There is a distinct separation between theoretical and practical religion. Attendance at mass and confessional is considered more important than truth, temperance, morality and brotherly kindness.

Seventh, while the Roman Catholic creed holds firmly to some Christian truths, in many important particulars it obscures or distorts the Gospel of the New Testament. The Virgin Mary, rather than Christ, is the center of worship; reverence for saints degenerates into idolatry; a babe and a dead Christ take the place of a living Christ; Romanism is largely a political cult and a philosophy; the Roman evangel is sacerdotal and symbolic rather than personal and practical.

There is the same reason for obeying the Great Commission of Christ by carrying His Gospel to Latin America as there is for carrying it to any other people where Jesus Christ is not known in His saving power-whether they be in Africa or India, in China or Turkey, in Europe or in North America. That the need exists in Latin America is clear to anyone with spiritual vision who knows the facts. The same results also follow where men and women accept the Gospel-their minds are enlightened, their characters are transformed, their homes are uplifted; their communities are benefited and they seek avenues of service. The Cross becomes, not a symbol, but a reality; the Bible becomes their guide, and Christ becomes their living Lord and Saviour. It is our hope that the study of Latin America will result in a better nnderstanding of the people and their need and will stimulate Christians to more intelligent, prayerful and sacrificial cooperation for their evangeli. zation and Christian education.

UNDERSTANDING OUR NEIGHBORS PROBABLY the greatest cause of strife among men is selfish- ness-a determination to have and to hold what men think to be to their personal advantage without due regard to the weI· fare of others. The remedy for this disease is control by the Spirit of Him who "came not to be ministered unto but to minister." The second great cause of strife is suspicion of the aims and motives of others. This leads to the adoption of plans and methods for selfdefense. This cause may usually be removed by contacts that promote sympathetic understanding between men of different classes and nations.

For years there has been a suspicion of the United States of America on the part of Latin Americans. An unfavorable impression has been made by the arrogance of many representatives of

American commercial houses., men who have not understood southern characteristics and customs and have given offence. North Americans have been looked upon as "dollar chasers" and their diplomacy as dollar diplomacy. Many South Americans have misunderstood the Monroe Doctrine. Some of the acts of the United States Government in relation to Panama, Colombia, Haiti, Santo Domingo, Cuba, Nicaragua and Mexico have been interpreted as selfish "big-stick diplomacy" and have increased the feeling of suspicion and fear.

In recent years the friendly relation between the United States and most of the Latin-American republics has been greatly improved. The visits of wise diplomats and cultured travelers; the work of many high-minded American missionary statesmen; candid and friendly newspaper articles and books and the work of the Pan- American Union, of various Pan-American conferences and of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America have all contributed largely to this end. North Americans have learned to appreciate the intelligence, culture, ideals and difficulties of their southern neighbors. Ma'ny leading South Americans have come to realize that the majority of North Americans do not wish to dictate to the southern governments, to control their policies or to possess any of their territories, but to promote the peace and prosperity of all nations.

Bishop McConnell, the Methodist Episcopal Bishop having general oversight over the Methodist missions in Mexico, says: "The first step toward bringing the United States and the Latin- American countries into closer interdependence will be taken when larger numbers of our citizens deliberately make up their minds to seek to understand the peoples to the south of us. No one in their right mind would expect to understand foreign speech at first hearing. It is just as foolish to expect to understand the foreign thought, out of which the speech of the foreigner comes, without determined attempt to master that thought. Customs full of meaning to the people using them seem devoid of meaning to those who do not have the key to translation or interpretation. . . . Their proneness to revolution seems to show instability, callousness to human suffering, and the inert acceptance of the creed of fatalism. But more and more the Latin-Americans are showing themselves able to set their own houses in order and their criticism of themselves will do them much more good than any criticism from the outside."

It will not take any very deep or exhaustive study to discover the fineness of many South American traits, to sympathize with some of their failings, to understand the causes of illiteracy, of illegitimacy, of agnosticism that are all too prevalent. The promotion of friendliness and the manifestation of the spirit of Christ will greatly assist North American Christians in their efforts to share with Latin Americans the riche~ of the evangel of Christ.

Mission Stations Underlin ed – + Other~

Railroads Completed – – Raih'oads Projected . …

745

MISSIONARIES AT WORK IN MEXICO, CENTRAL AND SOUTH

(Figures Compiled from the World Missionary Atlas, 1925) Namw8 of SOcieties i~~c"B"ap~' fi. ~~O: ii 2 2 41 Am. Bible Society. 1 12 18 '2 5 A. B. C. F. llL…. 20 6 20 Am. Friends … ,. 7 13 Assemblies 0 f God. 3 4 'zi 5 26 35 AS800. Ref. Presby. 4 4 Bethel Pentecost. ~ 40 2 Bol. Indian '6 40 Brethren Chtnch .. Central Am. M …. 6 31 11 4 54 Ghr. & M. Alliance 3 30 's 18 i4 66 Dh. of Nazarene.. 3 6 28 Evan. Lutheran .. ii 2 Evan. Synod Mo.. . Gospel M. U…. . 7 7 3 Inland So. Am. . .. 6 "9 '9 20 9 Metn. Ep. No. … 31 70 38 Meth. Ep. So. .,. 65 8 32 89 30 304 Moravlans …… . &5 18 Nat!. Bapt. Conv.. 18 2 Orinoco River …. 2 7 7 Presby. U. S. …•• 24 63 Presby. U. S. A. " 31 ii 39 165 Prim. Methodist•.. 30 6 48 36 Prot. Epl,.. •.••• 6 4 4 17 San Pedro M .••.• 11 14 12 ~~~~~·D!~Il~".J~.:: iii 20 2 20 So. Ba!>t. Conv…. 15 4 1 2 7 8 10 32 10 63 18 76 4 275 11 109 2~ 5 163 Un. Cnrist. M. S. 17 11 8 36 Unit. Free Gosj}el. United Luth. 1 1 World S. S. Assoc. 2 "2 3 5 2 4 Y. M. C. A. …•• 7 i4. 2 IS '4 4 is 55 Y. W. C. A. •…• 2 Miscellaneous …. G 2 10 2 Z2 18 40 6 British & European 6 5 S 2 22 53 102 84 12 68 23 106 22 38 496 Canadian ……. . 'i 10 4 3 '5 13 18 "4 31 Local Societies ., 2 16 2 4 51 Totals …… 280 80 15 45 21. 44 22 40 95 76 102 46 114 118 513 182 329 50 71 2,243 746

Democracies

BY WEBSTER E. BROWNING, PH.D., F.R-G.S., MONTEVIDEO, URUGUAY Educational Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin-America. Author of "New Days in Latin-America," "Roman Christianity in Latin-America," Etc.

T ATIN-AMERICAN lands are the subject of study in the mission L classes of North America, so all that is related to the progress of these neighboring countries and peoples is of special interest. Their evolution in political science, in the building up of a free, national life, in the establishing of democratic principles as a basis for future political adventures especially attracts attention, since such a study may determine where the older and more firmly established democracy of the North may be of help in the solution of common problems.

Those who undertake a study of the present welter of world politics, in which no nation has distinguished itself because of absolutely pure ideals or freedom from corruption, will at once discover, perhaps with surprise, that the Latin nations of today show an unexpected tendency toward the disintegration of free government and a reversal to dictatorial rule.

Benito Mussolini, in Italy, is a somewhat more polished and modernized edition of the Cresars who from the same hills of Rome made a pretense of ruling in connection with the Roman Senate and people, and Primo de Rivera, in Spain, is but a shade more gentle in his methods than were the emissaries of those same Cresars who harried the Iberian peninsula for the benefit of their imperial masters. The Lusitanian republic, since t,he expulsion of Don Manuel, has been in a constant state of imminent or actual revolution, and even France, the oldest and sturdiest of Latin republics, has hardly recovered her usual equilibrium since the close of the World War.

If we turn to the Latin democracies of the New World, in which we are particularly interested, since they are our nearest neighbors and, at the time of gaining their freedom, very generously copied our Constitution and form of government, we find, at the close of 1924, that there is prevalent in them the same state of unrest and the same tendency to revert to military or dictatorial rule that distinguish the Latin countries of Europe.

Mexico, our nearest and somewhat restless neighbor to the South, has, for the first time in forty years, peacefully inaugurated a new President in the person of General Calles, his predecessors in the office having been shot into and out of power with an astounding rapidity that has bewildered friends of that nation.

The Central.American republics, especially Honduras, Nicaragua and Guatemala, have been the scene of frequent and bloody revolutions in recent years, while the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Cuba, and 747

Panama, in spite of all pretense to the contrary, are held in peaceful orbits only by the strong hand of the Government in Washington.

Among the ten great republics of South America, but few have escaped the contagion of this military virus and have maintained governments free of milit,ary influence. Brazil, with an immense territory which exceeds even that of the United States in area, is finding it increasingly difficult to maintain the authority of the Federal Government of Rio de .Taneiro in the states that lie along its far-finng border lines, and, within the year, revolution has struck at the very life of the nation in the populous commercial capital, Sao Paolo.

Paraguay, the Mesopotamia of South America, has but recently terminated its most recent revolntion, which lasted more than a year and produced serious economic disorders, and the fact that the American dollar is now worth sixty of the local corresponding unit of value indicates the financial disorganizations under which that government labors..

In Peru the Dictator-President has sent into exile a large number of the best citizens of that country, and, like the President of the neighboring republic of Bolivia, holds his seat only by the force of bared bayonets. Even Chile, which, for so many years, has been free from revolutionary troubles and was coming to be considered one of the most stable governments in Latin-America, has recently exiled its progressive President, Arturo Alessandri, and its political control, by a bloodless revolution, has passed into the hands of a military triumvirate which rules regardless of the terms of the Constitution.

Venezuela is still ruled by General .Tuan Vicente Gomez, as though the country wer~ his personal appanage, and Ecuador reports oooasional revolts against the constituted government in Quito which are fomented by the defeated and discredited clerical party.

Only three of the ten republics of South America-Argentina. Colombia and Uruguay-are now altogether free from the spirit of unrest and able peacefully to develop their national life and institutions.

CAUSES OF UNREST The above facts, though distressing, are presented as a condition rather than to advance a theory or point a moral. Because of the interest of our own citizens in all that affects the other American democracies, an interest which has been so often expressed by our Presidents and Secretaries of State, we can but inquire into the causes that lie back of this political unrest and retard the development by these Latin republics of stable and progressive government free from military interference.

A number of these causes lie very near the surface and may be discovered by even the casual observer. The "curse of the tropics" operates mightily against many of these countries, since torrid heat and a dolce far niente attitude toward life, produced by the gener-

LATIN DEMOG'RACIES

OUS provisions by Nuture of all its neeel:ll:lities, create but little interest in this or that form of government so long as those in power impose no tasks that demand an unusual show of energy. The lack of communication between coast settlements and the great interior, and the consequent retarding of the development of natural resources, which gives contact with other peoples and civilization, has also held back otherwise progressive peoples. An unusually large Jndian population in a number of countries, such as Bolivia, Peru, FJcuador, Guatemala and Mexico, has been as a millstone about the necks of these struggling young nationalities, since this population is scarcely more than semi-civilized and cares but little what form of government is over them so long as they are left unmolested on their ancestral acres.

Then, there is the constant need of funds to maintain the numerous military organizations which seriously saps the sources from which should come the necessary financial backing for the development of other and more elevating branches of government. The breaking up of the vast dominions of Spain in ultramar into a large number of small nationalities, in order to satisfy the ambitions of aspiring military chieftains, has made it necessary to keep alive the. martial spirit in order to protect the many frontiers and bolster up national dignities. This is especially true in Central America, whose six republics have a total area considerably less than that of our greatest state, and whose combined population does not equal that of our largest city.

It must be confessed, too, and with certain humiliation of spirit, that our own people and government have not been entirely free from aiding the other Americans in their efforts to keep alive their warlike tendencies, although it has been done under the cloak of friendship. An International Conference on Disarmament was celebrated in our own capital, yet hardly had its echoes died down when military or naval commissions had been appointed to this or that country for the purpose of instructing- the local army or naval organizationsand, it may be supposed, for the added purpose of securing contracts for the sale of armanent to meet the new exigencies.

As a result of the work of one such commission, Brazil now reports a naval program for 1925 which demands a budget of $80,- 000,000, and Argentina, spurred to action by this alarming example, has also projected a program of naval and army expenditures far in excess of what would otherwise have been considered necessary.

But, aside from the above reasons which are apparent to even the casual observer of the economic situation in these countries, there are at least two others which lie a little farther down and which many investigators might not care to discuss. They require more careful handling, in order not to wound sensitive susceptibili-

ties, and would generally be omitted from a catalogue of the influences that retard the progress of a nation.

In the first place, the lack of instruction among the masses of the Latin-American republics has made impossible a close approach to real democracy in government. The proud boast of ancient Athens was that anyone of its citizens was prepared to preside over its destinies. In the average Latin-American republic, the Presidency remains within a small circle of related families who form the cream of the wealthy and educated class of society, save when this power is wrested by some military chieftan who has been successful on the field of battle.

The intellectual inheritance received from Spain, three fourths of whose population is even today illiterate, has weighed heavily in producing and continuing this condition. During the colonial period, the court in Madrid and the Viceroy and his officers on the field were strongly opposed to the wide dissemination of learning and the republics, now completing a century of life, have not been able to overcome t~e handicap thus acquired. Charles Fourth declared, "It is inexpedient to educate the Americans," and one of the generals in Colombia wrote to a subordinate, "Do there what I have done in Nueva Granada, cut off the head of everyone who knows how to read and write and thus will be accomplished the pacification of America."

The present school systems, which, on paper, are models of the art, and are often productive of excellent results, especially in the large cities, are not the result of public sentiment created to foster them, nor are they founded on the ideal of intelligent citizenship. They have been imposed, almost by force, by liberal governments who with utter loyalty have sought to lift up their people by means of education, but their efforts have been largely neutralized by the inherited indifference to education and by the ever-watchful and vigorous opposition of the dominant hierarchy to any law that would tend to educate the youth of the land away from its power and influence.

Today, the most optimistic statistics show that at least 75% of the entire population of Latin-America is illiterate, the most advanced republic reporting that 38.8% of its people are analphabets and this figure steadily rises until in the most belated countries it reaches 95%.

It is evident that with an enormous army of analphabets, no country can attain to the dignity of intelligent self-government and that its masses will be easily led by this or that pretender to power and come to be but fodder for his cannon or quivering flesh for the thrust of his bayonet. Moreover, the instruction given lacks on the moral side and the development of character becomes impossible. The best educators

LATIN DEMOCRACIES

are exclaiming that while they can produce well-prepared professionals, they can not turn out good citizens, and students themselves are lamenting the lack of a place for the inculcation of moral principles in the programs of study offered them.

THE ROMAN HIERARCHY In the sooond place, as has been suggested in former paragraphs, these young nationalities have been obliged to struggle against the powerful influence of a strongly intrenched hierarchy which has unceasingly combatted the principles of democracy and endeavored to force on the people a superior allegiance to the man who sits in his palace on the banks of the Tiber.

Every student of political science, in any land, who has approached the study with an unbiased mind, has found that the Roman Catholic hierarchy is a powerful solvent of state loyalty. In no group of free nations has this influence been exercised to such an extent or with such deadening results as in ihe Latin-American republics. Its sympathies are always anti-democratic, as shown by the attitude of the Vatican in the WorId War and in the succeeding conferences on reconstruction. Sometimes, as in Ireland, it contents itself with setting group against group. In others, as in most of the Latin republics, it maintains its own political party, known as such, which is openly generalled by its leaders. Its legionaries are well trained and are able to form a strong block which may long resist all efforts at democratization of the masses through the medium of instruction in the schools or the dissemination of patriotic ideals. An Italian priest, under the guise of a spiritual Cresar, still very seriously influences the religious thought of Latin-America and his empire, more potent and more extended than was that of the Cresars who ruled over pagan Rome, has very naturally come into open and continued conflict with the principles of democracy and has retarded progress toward self-government.

Some of these countries have emancipated themselves from the power of this hierarchy, after years of constant struggle, and some of the most ad~anced, as Uruguay and Mexico, no longer tolerate the interference of this church in matters of the state. They have, in the judgment of many students of the world situation, successfully terminated the struggle which is but beginning in the United States, a struggle which has been fought or which is yet to be fought between the hierarchy of this church and every country which pretends to free government by its own people.

Some who read this statement will, no doubt, deny its truth. But a careful rereading of history may be convincing and awaken a deeper interest in the preliminary skirmishes which are now being witnessed in the United States, as this carefully drilled ecclesiastical

TllE JI1RSLONARY J1,BVIEW OF TUE WORLD

army jockeys for position to begin its real battle for supremacy over our free institutions.

The present political position in Latin republics is pointed out in no spirit of criticism, but rather to indicate the difficulties which have beset these young nationalities in their struggle to implant democratic government. The situation is far from hopeless, since one who is familiar with the history of these same peoples during the period of the colonies and at the time of their emancipation from Spain or Portugal can only wonder at the great distanee already traversed, and the successes already gained eonstitute a basis of optimism for the future.

One of the most cheering of present-day conditions is the increasing confidence with which the "other Americans" look to the great Nordic republic for help in the solution of their problems. 'Phe distrust and suspicion of a quarter of a century ago have partly disappeared, in spite of our own diplomatic errors and the efforts of a few of their own writers to awaken opposition to what they are pleased to term our imperialistic tendencies. The great mass of Latin-Am'ericans are hopeful of our good will and intentio]1s toward them and, in all their plans. for the future, no other country is so often cited as. an example which they are endeavoring to follow.

This fact is of special interest to all who are interested in the missionary program of the Evangelical churches as it has been projected into those lands. And so long as that program is. carried forward in a spirit of helpfulness, with due recognition of existing values, and with a complete absence of the holier-than-thou attitude, it will be recognized and accepted as a generous contribution to those means which will help forward the evolution of these republics into real democracies, governments of the people and by the people and for the people. The Christian program for Latin-America should stress the application of religion to the solution of present-day problems. Mysticism has received great emphasis in the past, has had its. day, and has given but scant results in the production of Christ-like character. The higher forms of altruistic service are yet to be learned, without which no people can be great. The average"citizen of Latin- America has but little interest in dogmatic religion or in ecclestical controversy. But he is attracted by the personality of Jesus Christ and hungers for a virile interpretation of His message which would go far to cleanse present customs and lead these young nations into the full light of liberty as it is in Him. To give such a helpful interpretation of Christianity is to be the task of the Evangelical churches of North America.

ITEMS ABOUT SOUTH

T HERE are more ordained Protestant clergymen in the state of Iowa than in all South America, Mexico and Oentral America. In most of the ten republics of South America, a Protestant missionary could have a city and many towns for his exclusive parish. ,~ Millionsof .Indians and-othernafivepeoples in Latin America have not been reached by the Christian message and are as pagan as any in the heart of Africa.

Startling irreverence of expression is common in these "reli- gious" countries. One sees such ~igns as "Butcher Shop of the Holy Spirit"; "Furniture Shop of the Saviour"; mineral water named " Jesus Water"; and cigarettes dedicated to Jesus.

Of the one million people in Buenos Aires there are probably only a few hundred men on any given Sunday at religious services.

Drink has nearly wiped out the Indians in many parts of South America. In Valparaiso, Chile, there is one saloon for every 24 men. With a population of 140,000, more cases of drunkenness were reported in one year than in all London with 5,000,000 souls.

There are over six million Africans among the thirty millions of people in Brazil, and many of them are the crudest type of Negro on the American hemisphere.

The Amazon RiYer system has over 50,000 miles of navigable waterway, equal to twice around the earth. It can be navigated for 2,500 miles by ocean steamers.

South America has the largest unexplored area of any continent. Brazil is larger than Europe or the continental United States. Peru could comfortably swallow California, Oregon, Washington, Nevada, Arizona, Utah and Idaho. Fifteen million ounces of silver annually come from South America's mines. This would make more than seventeen million silver dollars. The hills of South America are also seamed with gold. A million immigrants a year were pouring into South America before the war. They came from Italy, Spain, Germany, England, Holland, Scandinavia, Portugal, China, J'apan and India. In Peru and Ecuador, only 1 person in 17 is white; nearly three quarters are Indian, the rest are Chinese and mixed. Not one third of South America's poplliation is of pure white blood. Thirty-eight out of every 100 persons you meet in Mexico are Indians, and 43 are of mixed bloods. The only Protestant mission work being done among the 50,000 Araucanians, descendants of the aboriginal Indian races, is that of the South American Missionary Society. The Panama Canal cuts off 6,250 miles of the sea route from New York to Oallao; 3,747 miles from the route to Valparaiso. It brings Liverpool 4,043 miles nearer to the port city of Peru.

753 2

CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUTH AlIIERICAN COUNTRIES""

South America, the Dark Horse among the Continents. Twice the area of the U. S. A. Annual foreign commerce has donbled in the last ten years. Possible growth during the next c,entury staggers prophecy.

Colombia, the Republic of Two Seas-Borders on the Carribean Sea on the north and the Atlantic Ocean on the west. It is an awakening republic with enormous resources which have, as yet, scarcely begun to be developed.

Ecuador, R€public of the Ji]quator. Furnishes ivory nuts for buttons for a third of the human race. Most of the population is Indian.

Peru, Land of the Sun. Central Railway leads up the Andes to a height of almost sixteen thousand feet, the highest point of any railroad in the world. Lima, called the Paris or the South, has a great uni- versity which was aged before the Pilgrim Fathers reached New England.

Bolivia, the Roof of the Continent. Highest inhabited country in Western Hemisphere. Ten degrees from equator but colder than Maine.

Chile, the Shoestring RepUblic. Extends north and south as far as from New York to San Francisco; is as narrow as Lake Erie. Chileans are the Yankees of South America. A chain of wireless stations stretches from the tropical north to the Antarctic south.

Argentina, the Melting Pot of the South. More than half of the people are foreign born-Italians, Spaniards, l<-'rench, and other nationali- ties. Buenos Aires is one of the most cosmopolitan cities in the world.

Brazil, the Giant Republic. IJarger than all of the United States (ex- cluding Alaska). More unexplored land than in all the rest of the world. The Amazon can carry the greatest ocean steamers as far as from New York to Omaha, Nebraska.

Venezuela, the Neglected Republic. Low lands, tropical climate and other characteristics make this land one of the most difficult in the Continent.

Uruguay, the Modernist Republic. 'fhe smallest but perhaps the most modern of South American republics-aggressive education, in- dustries, politics, and rationalism.

Paraguay, the Backward Republic. Has the fewest Protestants and shows least progress of any South American lands. Most of the able-bodied men were killed in the struggle of ltl[j5 to 1870.

The Guianas, the Foreign Colonies of South America. Controlled by England, Holland, and France.

• RevLsed from The Work! Ou/100k.

754

IN COLOMBIA CARRYING THE IMAGE OF THE VIRGiN IN A

PROCESSION—GUARDED BY SOl,DIERS OF THE STATE Latin American Reaction to the Gospel BY REV. J. H. McLEAN, SANTIAGO, CHILE 'TIS Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions an oft recurring tale that in Latin America as in Athens so many centuries ago, when the Gospel has been preached , 'some mocked," others said, ' ,We will hear thee again," "howbeit some clave unto the preacher and believed." Such is the outcome of evangelism this wide world over during the Christian era.

The universality of Christ's Gospel docs not imply either its uniform presentation or its acceptance among all peoples for, when we undertake to obey the great Commission, we must venture in bold· faith to go straight to the citadels of unbelief and trust in the vivifying Spirit. Paul varied his approach according to the predilections of his hearers without altering the basic appeal. In this he was a true and wise follower of his Lord. The evangelist of modern days is sagacious if he first take cognizance of special difficulties which are presented to hearers of the Word in other lands. What is "foolishness" to one national group is a "stumbling-block" to another.

There are several serious obstacles which check access to the Latin-American heart, mind and will. The average Latin-American is not favorably disposed toward the Gospel as presented by the Anglo-Saxon. Why 1 In a large number of cases simply because he will not come to the Son of God for life in its fulness. In this 755

'I'HE MISS]OKAHY H.EVIEW or TIlE WOHLD

respeet he is merely hUlllan. This spiritmd phenomenon is for tho consideration of theologians.

But the missionary, zealous in his effort to win his brethren for Christ, finds his way barred by stubborn, ingrained prejudices, by apathy and by open scorn. Prejudices are embittered memories seeking vengeance; indifference is passive hostility; mockery is gleeful contempt. All have their rootage in the misfortunes of the past and due allowance must be made for inherited tendencies in every Latin-American.

To the Iberian descendant of the speculative Greeks, the plan for man's salvation still appears supreme folly. Are not psychology and ethics sufficient for the advanced thinker in the regulation of his conducU Is there any argument for religion besides the pragmatic one~ Do strong minds need to postulate a God~ (The two latter questions are thus baldly proposed for discussion in one of our older colleges. The answer in Latin-America would be almost unanimously "No !") Many cultured Latiu-Americans believe that educated meh and women can dispense with religion entirely; they rely solely on the regulative power of philosophy and a general prudential policy. What is socially acceptable and profitable must be right under the Southern Cross.

This frontal attack on Christian norms and sanctions is not, by any means, confined to Latin-America but its peril is aggravated by other points of view which accompany it in the continent south of us.

The Latin-American who reads extensively is suspicious of the Monroe Doctrine, Pan Americanism, commercial expansion and loans from U. S. banks, because he regards them as ominous preludes to a general policy of imperialistic absorption of weaker states by the mightiest, wealthiest and most aggressive.

Try as hard as he may, he cannot dissociate the American missionary from these predatory designs which he alleges against United States corporations. While he admits that international trade is bound to produce debtor and creditor nations, that the biological urge results in grasp of raw material and multiplied purchasers, he bewails the fact that his own fellow countrymen are the debtors, the purveyors of commodities for other lands and the buyers of foreign manufactured articles.

Modern commercialism is a juggernaut for which the Christian Church has yet accepted only a trifling share of moral responsibility; it is manifestly unfair to saddle the onus of its crushing and ruthless advance upon the innocent herald of glad tidings through Christ.

Rather ought those who cavil to remember that their bankers, mine owners, producers and general promoters, as well as their impoverished congresses, are continually besieging the treasuries of

LA'l'IN AMERICAN REAC'rION '1'0 'l'HE GOSPEL

countries which have large balances of capital as a result of industry, thrift, education and democratic government.

The average Latin-American has every reason to associate the nomenclature of Christianity with the grotesque parodies of Romanism. He lives in daily contact with men and women whose religion is blind and supine submission to priestcraft. Among his circle of friends are devout souls who would prefer to believe in a spectacular miracle rather than in preventive, thoughtful, obedient faith, who would rather visit a famous shrine than consult a reputable and skilful physician. Consequently the plain Biblical terms for religious experience connote either mysticism or slavish obedience to self-constituted authority. In avoiding Scylla he is wrecked on Charybdis or he may take refuge in the curreut verdict: "AU religion is charlatanism!"

Dr. Ernesto Nelson of Buenos Aires writes: "I will go so far as to state here that a sort of suspicion lingers about a church man, for people know that loyalty to the Catholic Church does not always mean loyalty to what is just and right. "

Another recoil comes from every Latin-American when he hears the names of God, Jesus and the Holy Spirit employed in a familiar setting to denote personal fellowship. He can blink the use of divine titles in blasphemy or on shop signs, he can smile complacently when the saints are invoked for trivial aid, but he finds it hard to conceive of direct and intimate dealings with the Almighty. It smacks of irreverence and presumption, because such names have had their immemorial use within sacred precincts by men arrayed in churehly garb. In Latin-America as elsewhere, vain repetitions of names lightly spoken have robbed them of their pristine sanctity until they become incongruous.

Why hold such vehement discussions over the accidents and nonessentials of Christianity~ This is another common difficulty in Latin countries. The ideal of catholicity appeals strong~y to all. Some dogmatists believe it has already been attained in their own confessions and prescriptions. The Latin-American has a fine appreciation of what vital Christian belief and conduct ought to be. He commends it-in others. But the confusion of the average man is best indicated by three descriptive names of three sects: "Big wash," "Little wash," " No wash at all. " Nobody has yet explained away sectarianism. While thousands perish on every hand for lack of knowledge, how can the followers of Christ waste their precious opportunity by quibbling over minor matters of interpretation?

Recently a representative South Americlln bluntly advised all North Americans to remain at home until the warring sections of evangelicals were reconciled.

He reminds us of another of the same kin who has been advocating an intensive work at home before foreign missions are attempted.

Nothing can supplant the plain dictum of Jesus: "The field is the world!"

Finally, the Latin-American suffers a serious handicap because he has known so few exponents of New Testament Ohristianity. On his list of bosom friends he carries few who are living epistles-men of letters, scientists, publicists, bankers, business leaders, whose in· tegrity is unquestioned, whose ability is universally recognized and whose successful careers may be emulated by youth.

Protestantism points with pride to Gladstone, Bright, Garfield, Agassiz, Dawson, Wanamaker, Hopkins, Ooulter, Wilson and an innumerable host of illustrious Ohristians. Evangelical communities are undergirt by the parents and homes that are the bulwark of society. Men of brains avow their dedication to Ohrist-President Ooolidge joins the Oongregational Ohurch and publicly avows allegiance to his Saviour and Lord.

The appeal to become disciples is not in the air; it is not fashionable especially among university students. There are no modern crusaders who are organized for Ohristian conquest, no student volunteer hands. Jesus Christ in Latin-America may be anything or everything except Saviour, Master and Overlord. Latin-American students, in conclave, have never cabled their North American brethren " Make Jesus King!"

In Latin-America, even after a half century of evangelical missions, "there are many adversaries." For this reason we bespeak the faithful intercession of all who pray for the Kingdom of God on earth.

LATIN AMERICAN PROTESTANT MISSIONARY STATISTlcst Foreign ReB/- (Jom- (]huroh Mis- dent Oommu- SiM- Sta- No-tive muni- In Plty8i- Treat- aries tion8 nily SOhMl8 CianIJ ments Oountry Btafl Churohes cantil 32,499 12,724 13 65,765 Mexico …. – …….. 2B(} 67 680 272 24,042 10,455 8·72 2 7,464 BGru.atHeomndaulaia~':::::: : *120 80 21 158 48 6,238 1,723 184 Honduras ……. -., 1,727 245 Salvador ……….. 15 9 47 23 1,197 1,003 Nicaragua ………. 10,708 1,46'7 45 17 42 36 1,350 1,019 55 1 100 Costa Rica ……… 5,170 Panama ………… 21 9 32 21 953 3,567 551 1 Colombia ……….. 938 Ecuador ……….. 44 15 ]28 46 3,861 158 Venezuela ………. 1,819 358 22 10 20 ]5 701 89,375 23,4,70 Br. Guiana 26,029 57 19 36 47 3,665 4,568 3,439 Dutch Guiana …… 3,222 Peru ………….. 40 10 74 10 538 438 1,092 101,454 11,568 Bolivia …………. 46 13 8 5 118 2,334 11,551 1,571 Brazil, ….. , .. " … 95 24 57 16 ],371 11,341 Chile ………….. 99 76 2] 382 120 23,761 1 116 Argentina ………. Paraguo,y* ……… 102 12 165 68 7.301 1,321 Uruguay ……….. 91 32 3,908 114 21 1 1,688 1 3,732 118 20 15 11 323 4 14,941 513 120 713 732 69,147 4,753 13,500 182 31 242 128 6,041 300 329 74 224 139 8,890 50 9 JO 4 1 71 10 25 18 868 .. Incomplete returns. t From the "World Missionary Atlas,"

AREAS AND

Square M ile;f Approximate Populations South America United States I of America Africa China I 380,000,000 330,000,000 India I Figures taken from the Statesman's Year Eook THE GROWTH OF EVANGELICAL MISSIONS IN I..,ATIN AMERICA -= Black numbers in 1903. = Black and shaded numbers in 1924.

Mission Stations 334 559 Missionaries 1438 3249 Communicants 132,388 368,228 Adherents ~ 387,000 785,000 Figures taken from the new World Missionury Atlas

A Japanese Missionary in

The interesting story of Mr. Midori Kobayashi and his work for Japanese in Sao Paulo, Braziv O NE of the most remarkable demonstrations of the way the seed of the Gospel grows is found in the work done by a Japanese Christian among the Japanese in Brazi1. Midori Kobayashi was educated in one of the Congregational mission schools in Japan, under the well known missionary, Dr. Otis Cary. This young Japanese later came to the United States and took some theological courses in Auburn Theological Seminary. Hearing of the colonies of Japanese rapidly forming in Brazil, he was deeply impressed with their need for the Gospel. Not being able to find' anymis·sion board that would send him out he sought employmeut, saved sev.eralhundred dollars and, after consulting with the office of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin-America, in 1921 he de- cided that he would go to Brazil, at his own expense, hoping to find further support among his people in Brazil. Two years later the pastors of the churches in Sao Paulo told of the wonderful work that }Je was doing among the Japanese. God has so blessed this work that the Portuguese pastors have recently formed themselves into a society for missions among the Japanese in Brazil.

There are about forty thousand Japanese in Brazil, principally in the state of Sao Paulo. They have come as colonists, invited by the Republic of Brazil, which has made a treaty with Japan along these lines and it is expected that the colony will grow considerably. A letter recently received from Mr. Kobayashi tells something of the work. He writes: "Our Sunday-school is going on so splendidly as we almost can not carry it on in the present small room. It must be more than a miracle to realize the truth which was spoken by our Lord, Jesus Christ: 'Seek ye first His kingdom and His righteousness, and all these things shall be added unto you. ' When I left New York for South America, I made up my mind to start my missionary work in Brazil without any help from men, but believing in God. As soon as I arrived in Sao Paulo I used the Japanese newspaper, published in this city, the director of which is a Japanese Christian. I opened a night school for the ,Japanese young men and began a Sunday.school for chihll'en.

All these works have already been continued through these three lines. r made a missionary tour of about foul' thousand miles in this country, visiting almost all of the main Japanese colonies in Brazil. I was heartily welMme and they willingly listened to me as they knew my name through the Japanese paper. I found rich fields for missionary work. Some ones asked me Sible:;; and others offered money for our church building. Is this not wonderful ¥ My practical experience is convincing me of the truth which our Lord speaks through the Bible. This religious experience is the unique thing which is 760 necessary for our Christian life. We must testify the truth of Gospel through our life to the world!

"I have been greatly moved by the miserable educational condition of the Brazilian communities in the interior. Generally our country people 'very earnestly desire their children's education and many of them asked me to take care of their children. Then I told them, as soon as I realized one house, I would do for them my best about tllis matter. This kind of work is one of the ~ost important in missionary work. Now I am praying, day and night, to be given one larger house. Just I am afraid that the Buddhists may begin it before we start with it, and it may be repeated the same thing as in Hawaii and U. S. A. Christian friends in Japan and in the United States are now offering to help this work in Brazil and my younger sister, now studying in a normal school in Japan, may come out here with my whole family. I believe surely that I can hring good fruits before God if I can get a house!"

A JAPANESE SUNDAY-SCHOOL IN BRAZIL, FOUNDED BY A JAPANESE Mr. Kobayashi i~ standing at the righ t ~ide baCk. The man next to him is Dr. Ellezer dos Santos Sa.lah'a, the pres ident of the Sunday-scnool ot th e Presbyte ri an Church in Sao Pau lo :Mr, Kobayashi tells his own story thus: " I am a graduate of Auburn Theological Seminary in May of 19Z1. As soon as I graduated from the seminary I came down to New York City, intending to go forth for my message in South 'America. I felt that the Lord was calling me to here to take part of His work among the Japanese over here. No doubt, it must be the best change for us at now, because there has been no church and no missionary worker for them—even the wise Buddhists have not started with their work yet here.

"In the beginning, I wished to work as a missionary of the Presbyterian Board, because I knew the pioneer work in the new field was very hard, especially in financial way. But the answer of the board could not do anything for my purpose. Then I prayed and prayed to God until I made up my mind to stand up by my own feet, taking a shovel in one hand and the Bible in the other, So I took a little job in New York for my travel expenses for South until the end of November. I was greatly blessed by God with the ' necessary staff' by the job, and I left tlilm for my message in South America,-qnder the guidance of the Almighty.

"I came here (to Sao Paulo ) as an independent worker and did not get any help, except only from one man wIlD gave me $100 when I was going to leave New York-the man was Yasukata M:Ul'ai, the general manager of Morimura Brothers in New York. He gave me the money with earnest

prayers and he encouraged me with his all hearts. But I have not touched the money yet, because it is too precious to be spent for my own e:s:pense. I am intending to use it for our church building.

"When I landed in this country, I was given a very good impression; in its climate, the great nature, the good people and so forth. But I felt great surprise and responsibility when I saw the miserable condition of our countrymen that had no spiritual worker among them. Then I right away started with my work in the three ways as follows: "1. The propaganda of the Gospel by the Japanese newspaper which is published in tbis city of Sao Paulo, entering myself into the company.

"2. The Sunday school. The characteristic is really cosmopolitan, and the teaching language is only Brazilian but not Japanese.

"3. The night school. 1 am teaching easy English and my helper is taking up Portuguese course. There are many young Japanese who want to study English in here.

"It is several months since I have been here, but my work is going on wonderfully! Couldn't you see God is working with me ~ The fact of the existence of God and His power? When I left New York I did not know anything but I believed His promises, and He did so to me as I am seeing it at present. My work is so prosperous as we feel of great need of a big enough building in which we can carryon our works. Again 1 am praying to God so that the necessary house may be given to us !

"As I have written above, I started with my work as an independent, but from the beginning the Presbyterian Church of sao Paulo entirely welcomed me and offered to cooperate with my work. Every Sunday the church is helping my work, sending several teachers. Moreover, Rev. Mathatias Gomes dos Santos, the pastor of the Presbyterian church, has offered me to help my work, supplying 50 'mil reis' every month. Therefore, now my work is one branch of the Presbyterian Church. And I am going to be ordained in the church as soon as I master the Portuguese.

"I offer my hearty thanks to God for I could find my message over here! My younger brother arrived here from Japan to help me and is studying the colonial work in Iguage, the biggest Japanese colony in Brazil. Rev. Mathatias and I are intending to organize a Sunday school in 19uage colony pretty soon, and other two three colonies have asked me to extend our hands over them.

"Today one old Japanese visited me from Boriby colony (which takes about one day trip by tren from here) and appealed for work among them too. He said, 'There are about 100 or more Japanese children but there is no school at all.' Brazil is too big and too new, as a whole, to be civilized right away.

"1 wish to appeal to American Christians to help this work, especially for the church building in Sao Paulo. We need now about ten thousand dollars and I have a conviction that I can collect half of the money here. The other half may come from America.

"Please pray for me so that 1 can be faithful to our Lord until my death!

1[ours very truly, MinoR! KOBAYASHf."

God Is Working in Latin-America

BY REV. J. L. HART, TEMUCO, CHILE Missionary of the Southern Baptist Convention L ATIN-AMERICA is in the limelight. There was a time when we thought of it as a continent of revolutions. Today Latin- America is progressing as the United States of North America did in the last century. It is rapidly becoming the dumping ground for the over-plus population of many European and Asiatic countries. A distinguished Japanese diplomat on being asked where their overplus population was going, replied: "To Latin-America."

Many American tourists are surprised at what they see in the Southern Continent. They find themselves in large modern cities and among cultured and highly civilized people. They naturally ask: "Why send missionaries here 7"

On one occasion a friend said to me: "Buenos Aires is like New York, these people are a great commercial and· cultured folk, why send missionaries to them 1" "Did you expect to find savages here~" I asked. " No," he replied, "but I did not think the Latin-Americans were as civilized and as cultured as I find them to be. They are in many respects more cultured than we." "Quite true," I replied, "but did civilization save you ~" "No, Jesus saved me," he replied. The world's war proved that civilization and culture do not change the human heart. While in the interior of many Latin-American republics the majority of the people are illiterate; yet in the big centers like Buenos Aires and Santiago we find people as cultured, as civilized, and as well educated as we will find anywhere. And yet, they need the Gospel because of their spiritual i,gnorance. Roman Catholicism is their religion. We must distinguish between Roman Catholicism and Roman Catholics. We may love Roman Catholics and yet hate Roman Catholicism. If we loved the people more we would win more for Christ. Roman Catholicism has two conceptions of Jesus Christ. First, that of a babe in his mother's arms. The famous madonnas are the marvel of all who visit the old galleries of Europe and the despair of the artist who tries to copy them. As objects of art, they are wonderful, but as objects of worship, they only hide the true Christ from the worshiper. Thank God Jesus did come to Bethlehem as a babe, but thank God He is not there now. I shall never forget the impression made on me as I read in big letters this inscription: "The church of the baby God." No wonder there is no dynamic in 763

Romanism, when their God is a baby. The other conception of Roman Catholicism has of Christ, is that of a dead Christ. There is no salvation in a dead Christ. Paul says, "If Christ be not risen then is our preaching vain and your faith is also vain."

In the city of Santa Fe, Argentina, a little girl about fourteen years of age, a member of the church where I was to preach, worked in one of the richest and most cultured homes of that town. She was very anxious for the lady of the house in which she worked to hear me preach. She was a very tactful girl and did not invite her mistress to go to an Evangelical church nor to preaching, but she told her a gentleman from the United States was in town and would deliver a lecture that night. The lady's curiosity was aroused. We were surprised that night when a handsome automobile drove up, a Japanese chauffeur opened the door and a beautiful lady stepped from her automobile into the hall. As she entered she showed surprise at the environment in which she found herself, but she took a seat determined to see what was going on. As I saw her come in I asked God to give me a message to her. That night I had planned -to speak to the members of the church, but I now had an unusual opportunity. For in Latin-America, as in Corinth, not many mighty, not many noble come to hear us preach. As the congregation sang I continued in prayer, asking that the Lord would give me the message that the lady needed. I read the third chapter of Jolm and took a message from its marvelous teachings. 'While I was speaking I noticed tears come into the lady's eyes and she was listening with increasing interest. The services closed; the congregation dispersed; the native pastor and I lingered for a few moments praying for our unexpected visitor. That night I spent in the native pastor's home and early the next morning I heard a knock at the door. Thinking it was the native pastor I shouted: "Come in." 'fhe door opened and in walked the lady of the evening before. The situation was a little embarrassing: but she relieved it by saying, "I know you think I am crazy but I want to talk to you."

"Certainly, come in," I said. "I haven't closed my eyes tonight," she said, "and I would have been here long ago but I dared not wake you so early. Now I must talk this thing through with you." "With pleasure," I said. "Have a scat and tell me what is on your heart." As she began to ask questions I took my New Testament and answered her from God '8 'Word. "Ve talked on until twelve 0 'clock. I had forgotten about breakfast. I had forgotten my unwashHd face and uncombed hair as the soul struggled toward the light. Finally we knelt together and I lifted my voice to God and asked Him to save that woman. I then asked her if she wanted to pray. Her hands instinctively felt for her string of beads around her

!l25j 1I0' nOl) IN WOHKfNG 11 L.'I'I:-.1 .U[}i:lU('A 7G5

neck. I said" No, 110t that. Is there Hot something in your heart you wish to say to God ~" There was a silence for a few moments and then in a broken voice she prayed her :first real prayer, asking God to save her soul and to make Himself known to her. As we rose r noticed her face stained with tears but there was a new radiance in it and a new light in her eyes. She extended me her hand and looked me in the eye and said: "Now I know that Jesus saves." That is what all Latin-America needs to know.

What Paul says in Romans is just what has happened all over Latin-America. They have changed the truth of God into a lie and worship the creature instead of the Creator. Mary is their goddess. Her image has always a prominent place in every home and in every church. The city of Santiago surrounds the beautiful mountain of San Cristobal. On the top of this mountain is the large statue of Mary. Lighted up by strong electric reflectors at night it is a beautiful sight and can be seen for miles away. Come with me if you will on the eighth day of December (the date of the declaration of the dogma of immaculate conception) and you will see many men, women, and boys going up that hill, many on their knees and everyone with a candle. When they reach the statue all fall on their knees and light their candle. So many candles have been burned in front of this statue that there is a stream of melted wax from the top far down the hill. This idolatry is similar to that practiced in many pagan lands.

A few miles from Buenos Aires on a western railroad is the town of Lujan. It is said that on one occasion when hauling was done with ox carts, a certain ox cart reached a place in this town where the oxen refused to move. They were viciously goaded by their drivers but still they would not go on. Some one suggested the load was too heavy. Many of the boxes were removed and it was soon found that as soon as a certain box was removed the oxen went on. The box was opened and there was found to be in it an image of Mary. Que Milagro/ (What a miracle!) The priest said that they must build a home for the statue on the spot. It was done. The image is known as the Virgin of Lujan. Today there is on that site a magnificent temple and before the image of Mary are jewels and gifts valued at many millions of dollars. Pilgrimages are conducted to this shrine from all parts of Argentina but chiefly from Buenos Aires, as many as a hundred thousand going there in a single day. Argentina, with all her culture and progress, falls at the feet of an idol just as does the poor savage in the African jungles.

Professor Edward J. Ross well says: "The Latin-American does not lack brains. They are capable of great development and they are developing rapidly. Will they develop spirituallyf" That de~ pends on what Evangelical Christianity in the United States will do towards giving them the Gospel. Latin-America is our :field and

our greatest opportunity. It is my honest conviction that the quickest way to evangelize the Orient is to evangelize Latin-America so that she may help us to do the big job. The African will never help evangelize Latin-America but Latin-America can help us to evangelize Africa. Wherever the Gospel has been known and accepted in Latin-America there are Christians with apostolic evangelical zeal. No sooner is one converted than like Andrew of old he goes out after his brother. Most of the new mission stations have been opened because some native Christian has gone to a certain place and begun telling of his new-found joy in Jesus, and when others become interested a missionary is urged to come and explain the way more fully. 'Ve often find a group of converted people ready to be baptized and organized into a church.

One Sunday afternoon a poor fellow put a revolver in his pocket and was going out of town to kill himself when he was met by one of the members of the First Baptist Church, of Rosarios, Argentina, who handed him a tract. He was desperate because as a result of his sins he had buried seven babies and the eighth was then a corpse at home.. He took the paper, spit on it, and threw it on the ground. The man who handed him the tract smiled and said, "You don't think you could hurt that paper, do you7" Jose Fernandez (for such is his name) looked up and said, "What did you give me that paper fod" "Because I am interested in you," was the reply. "You interested in me 1 Not even God cares for me." "Yes He does. And I gave you a tract that tells you of God's love. It has an invitation to come to our services tonight where you will hear more of God's love." Fernandez became thoughtful and forgetting his revolver decided he would go to services that night. We were singing when he entered. He took a back seat, his head hung down, the very picture of despair. As I spoke of how much God loves us, although we are sinners, and of His power to save, he raised his head and listened with great interest. At the close of the service I met him at the door, noted down his address and next day went to see him. From time to time as we visited that home we read the Bible together and prayed. It was not long before I noted a change in Jose's countenance. One night in our services, while many were giving their Christian experience he arose and with trembling voice told of his life of sin and of his new-found joy in Jesus. Not long after his wife also was happily converted. I never saw people so anxious to know the Bible. I spent hours in their home studying the Bible with them. Among the things we studied was Christian stewardship. One day Fernandez came to the church and handed a $190 bill ($40.00 United States money) to the treasurer. "I cannot change that bilI," said the treasurer. Fernandez replied, "I do not

HOW GOD IS WORKING IN LATIN AMERICA

wish any change. I am giving it to the Lord's work." This man's salary was never more than $100.00 (Argentine) per month. The treasurer said if money was going to come in like that he would have to resign. He did so and Fernandez was elected treasurer and deacon. Our prayers were about to be answered. We had been praying and laboring to find some one who would lead our church to self-support. No sooner was Fernandez elected treasurer than the question of building arose. A lot was secured and a substantial brick building erected. Then a home for the pastor was added. Today the First Baptist Church in Rosario stands as a monument to the consecration and sacrifice of Jose Fernandez and is the only really self-supporting church the Baptists have in Argentina.

We can never evangelize our own land and leave the lands around us without the Gospel. We need Latin-America as an ally in Kingdom work. Latin-America is open to the Gospel and can be evangelized if we will only measure up to the opportunity God is giving us. But we will never evangelize Latin-America or any other country as long as we think of missions in the terms of dollars and cents. The great Hudson Taylor, founder of the China Inland Mission, decided that he would never take a collection for missions but he would put the subject on the hearts of the people and leave the results to God. On one occasion after delivering a great address, the pastor of the church said, "Mr. Taylor, you have delivered a great message. The people are deeply impressed. Although we have advertised no collection, I suggest that you give the people an opportunity." "No," said Mr. Taylor, and at once dismissed the audience. The pastor thought he had lost a great opportunity. That night Mr. Taylor spent the night in the pastor's home. Early the next morning some one knocked on his door and in walked the pastor saying, "Mr. Taylor, you are right. Last night if a collection had been taken I would have given a few shillings, gone home and slept like a log, thinking that I had really done something for foreign missions. But as it is I did not sleep well last night and I could not get the matter off my heart. Here is a check for twenty-five pounds. " After breakfast they walked downtown and met one of the members of the church who said, "Mr. Taylor, I wish you had taken a collection last night. I would have given you a pound. But this morning I couldn't satisfy my conscience with that. Here is my check for one hundred pounds."

We must get the lost world on our hearts. We must see things as God sees them. In other words, we must become friends and co-laborers with God. God is working in China, in Africa, in Latin- America, yes, all over the world. He longs to make Himself known to the lost world but He must do it through you and me. Are we willing to become friends and fellow-laborers with God so that God may make Himself known to all men Y

MAP-ALTITUDES POPULATIOl" MAP-DENSITY

_5_0tITIi AME_ RIC_ A Soutb America ~l'I. " _ _ ~UIIU Twice the lize of Europe, c:::~~…. <:::::;- Thrice Chin., Four time.lodia, Sixty tim" the Britilh Itlel.

DISTRIBU'rlON Oil' INDIANS AND WHITES COMPAR.·"..'rIVE AREAS STUDY MAPS OF SOUTH AMERICA 768

American Intellectualsand

BY REV. J. A. MACKAY, LIMA, PERU Missionary of the Free Church of Scotland I T IS becoming increasingly difficult to write on any subject deal- ing with South America as a whole. The only real unity that South America possesses is the geographic unit, and in this connection what we really have is rather a spatial unit than an organic unity. There does indeed exist between South American countries a certain appearance of similarity or even identity, as regards race, religion, language and government. There even exists on certain occasions a continental consciousness of a sentimental order. But t.he fact remains that at the end of a hundred years of republican life, the countries of South America are passing through a stage of profound culture differentiation, which is year by year becoming more pronounced. The process must go on until each country solves its own national problems and until a great ideal unites them all on a higher plane and breathes into them something more transcendent than the mere consciousness of racial identity.

Culturally speaking South America may be divided into four great groups of countries. Brazil forms one; the Republics of the River Plata, Uruguay and Argentine, a second; Chile, Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador, a third; Colombia and Venezuela, a fourth. The problems, the spirit, the cultural tone and the intellectual type of each of these groups are dissimilar. For that reason it would be extremely hazardous and unfair to generalize in a short article with regard to their attitude towards anyone great problem, and then glorify our conclusions with the pompous title of "South American Opinion" on this or that subject. The inference for our present purpose is obvious: we will not essay to write in the name of South American thought or South American thinkers. We will limit ourselves to dealing with the religious outlook of individual writers.

The word "intellectual" in South America is practically synonymous with "writer," not in the narrow sense of a professional man of letters, but in the broad sense of one who has published some· thing-be it article, pamphlet or book on some subject related to higher culture. It is the fact of having given public expression to ideas in the form of confer-encias (public lectures), or in the form of publications, that makes a man an "intellectual." Thus the "intellectuals" are sharply distinguished from the generality of educatedpeople who have not publicly committed themselves to the expression of ideas. The majority of them publish their productions in newspapers or reviews, or as pamphlets. Only a very small minority write books. The mental caliber of members of this class is, 769 3

of course, very unequal, but as a class they possess much greater authority and wield far more influence than writers of equal or greater capacity in Great Britain and the 'United States. There are two main reasons for this. One is the lower level of general culture in South America, together with the absence of those strong convictions on the part of the reading public that tend to produce independent and critical public opinion. A second reason is the paucity of real leaders of thought and opinion on cultural matters. This naturally gives greater prominence to mediocrity. Real worth is not always popular because the public is not accustomed to think. The absence of public opinion on great human issues is largely due to the fact that in South America religion never took possession of the human brain. The paucity of true leaders of thought and opinion is a consequence of the fact that hitherto the gTeat majority of South American intellectuals have been simply echoes of far off voices and few have been passionate spokesmen of eternal truth. 11oral passion and purpose is a characteristic of very few writers at the present time. Most are content to write for the pleasure or information of their readers. It has not been fashionable for an intellectual to identify himself with a cause lest he should limit his freedom. He has preferred to contemplate life from his balcony rather than elbow it in the market-place.

Very few intellectuals in South America write on the subject of religion. It has not yet been put on the boards as a subject for gen- (lral discussion. A generation ago the Ecuatorian Montalvo and the Peruvian Gonzales Prada, two of the greatest of South American writers, published diatribes against religion, while the Uruguayan Rodo, perhaps the greatest of them all, published his "Liberalism and J acobinism" against religious iconoclasm. These have been the two tendencies in the upper spheres of thought-to attack religion or to defend the right of others to be religious if they wanted to; but religion has never been treated lovingly by intellectuals as a personal good 1101' recommended as such to the attention of others.

There are signs, however, that South America is about to enter upon a new era in the matter of religious interest. The vast majority of intellectuals continue the old tradition, but here and there throughout the continent new voices arc proclaiming, although still only in whispers, that there is a religious problem connected with the universe that challenges the human mind and a religions need in the human heart that hungers for companionship amid the cosmic solitude. I should like to allude here to some of these" signs. "

For the first time in South American history men and women who can be classified as intellectuals, and who have no professional interest in religion, are beginning to express themselves on the subject. The examples chosen belong to Spanish South America and are designed to be typical of new tendencies. I regret that none of

1921i] SOUTH AMERICAN INTELLECTUALS AND CHRISTIANITY

these can be taken from the pale of the Evangelical churches, for although these can claim many educated people they have not yet produced or won men or women recognized as "intellectuals" who consecrate their literary talents to the progress of their faith. Brazilian Protestantism has produced some men of that type and it is our prayer that God may give some such leaders to the Protestant churches of Spanish South America in the present generation.

The last redoubt of militant scepticism of any importance is in the daily press of Uruguay. Some of the newspapers of that country are fanatically anti-religious. It is an altogether painful case of radical obscurantism, which goes to the extreme of eliminating the names of God, Christ and Christianity from certain prominent newspapers in Montevideo, except when used as a subject of ridicule or attack. One of these newspapers writes the Spanish form of Young' Men's Christian Association thus: "Asociaci6n C. de J6venes," never by any chance writing the word ". Cristiana" in full. I mention this case because it is altogether exceptional, and because it should be known that there is practically no active hostility to Christianity on the part of representative organs of publicity, or on the part of representative literateurs in South America.

FOUR TYPES OF INTELLECTU.LS I will now refer to four types of "intellectuals" who have dis· cussed Christianity with varying degrees of sympathy and insight.

The first is the Social Idealist. A new idealism and a new social passion have made their appearance in South America. For those imbued by the new spirit, human values are supreme and social justice is proclaimed to be the chief need of the Continent. The chief representative of social idealism is Dr. Alfredo Palacios, the Argentine Socialist. Palacios is Dean of the Faculty of Law in the University of La Plata. Some years ago he gave a memorable lecture in the University of Lima when, Bible in hand, he extolled the social ideals of Moses, the Hebrew Prophets and Jesus, as offering solutions for the problems of society at the present time. That lecture opened the eyes of many to the living character of the Bible which had been regarded as an antiquated book. Recently Alfredo Palacios has discovered two pet hobbies; one is the formation of a Pan·· Iberian League of Intellectuals to offset the influence of Anglo- Saxonism; the other is opposition to Protestant mission::; in South America, especially those supported and directed from the United States. His main object is the same in both these hobbies, namely, to guarantee the development of South American life and culture without any organized interference from the outside. Pan-Americanism he calls Pan-Yankeeism, and substitutes Pan-Iberianism. 'rhe Protestant missionary movement he regards as simply the precursor of the economic imperialism of the United States. This attitude of

Palacios towards Anglo-Saxonism and especially towards North Americanism and everything, even to its religion, that North America sends to South, can be explained partly by his dread of the normal development of South American life being denaturalized by uncon- trolled foreign influences, and partly by an exaggerated race con- sciousness. On the other hand, recent utterances of Palacios dis- cover a grave misapprehension on the part of their author of the nature and aims of Evangelical Christianity and even a fundamental misconception of the genius of Christianity itself. Basing his obser- vations on recent ecclesiastical happenings in the United States, he has declared that Protestantism is as much obscurantist and tht enemy of liberty as Catholicism. He has also denied that Christian- ity provides a sufficient dynamic for the uplift and progress of South American life. It would seem that like so many other Latin writers he confuses the Roman crucifix with the Christian Cross and inter- prets the latter as the symbol of despair, of abject defeat and submission. Romain Rolland, in a recent letter to Palacios expressing his entire agreement with his religious viewpoint, closes with the following words, which may be regarded as expressing the philosophy of Palacios and of many younger men of his school: "Catholic by birth, I well know how much consoling beauty it is possible to enjoy within the Christian faith, but I think it wrong and even dangerous to want to orient present day humanity towards it. I understand all too well how some generous souls, deceived by those things in life that cause sorrow, repulsion and shame, should feel the ardent need of taking refuge, all broken to pieces, at the feet of the Crucifix. But they have no right to offer their defeat, however noble it be, as an objective for the hopes and high-souled efforts of the world's youth, those eternal children. . . .

"It is not meet that just at the moment when the human spirit shines everywhere throughout the world like a gleaming star, an attempt should be made to turn youthful eyes aside from its dauntless course, and induce them to direct their gaze towards the pure and pallid star of Bethlehem. The past had its beauty, but the future is plethoric of splendor and infinite forces. Our God is the Future."

What a challenge to reinterpret the Cross of Christ to South America as the triumph of Love, Righteousness and Truth!

THE CHRISTIAN AGNOSTIC The second type we might call the Christian Agnostic. It is the type of person who believes in religion, who lives by Christian ideals and regards Christian faith as productive of the noblest moral character and most effective social effort~ but who, nevertheless, has no personal religion. One thinks of Sr. Ernest Nelson, one of the leading educationists in the Argentine Republic, who after having served his country as Director General of Public Instruction, now

SOUTH AMERICAN INTELLECTUALB AND CHRIS'TIANITY

devotes his life to the interests of delinquent boys. He is one of the purest, kindliest, most unselfish men it would be possible to meet anywhere. He praises Christianity and believes in the work of the Evangelical churches, and yet he will not call himself a Christian. He- has, however, notably advanced from where he once was. Not so many years ago he was opposed to religion in any form, and advocated the elimination of the name Christian from the Young Men's Christian Association. But through contact with Christians whose self-sacrificing endeavors for the welfare of others won his admiration, he became first tolerant of, and then favorably disposed towards, the religion that inspired their lives. Later, through the reading of such books as Elwood's "Reconstruction of Religion," he came to see that religion was an essential factor in human progress and for that reason he was willing to contribute towards the progress of dynamic Christianity so long as it did not involve his personal surrender to Christ. He adopted the position of benevolent agnostic. But his friends believe that his spiritual pilgrimage has not yet ended and that he will yet see God in the face of Jesus Christ.

I think too, of Mariano Iberico, the finest philosophic mind in Peru. Iberico has a passion for religious studies. He has written on Pascal as a religious thinker, and is preparing a study on the religion of Dostoieffsky. He has recently ordered Harnack's "History of Dogma. " His faith in Christianity as the highest expression of the religious spirit is absolute. He considers that the essence of religion is the sense of companionship and feels his own need of a Companion in the universe. But before the fact or Christ's Resurrection he becomes agnostic, and the idea of the continued presence and activity of the Risen Christ awakens in him nothing but a sigh because of his lack of ability to believe what he would like to believe. This is for him the "myth" to which Christianity has owed its power, and he holds that a rebirth of religion requires the creation of a new myth.

THE CHRISTIAN TRADITIONALIST The third type is the Christian Traditionalist. The best example of this type is the Chilean poetess Gabriela Mistral. She believes in the galvanization of the Roman Catholic Church. This remarkable woman, who has many claims to be regarded as the writer of the finest verse in the Spanish world at the present time, is a sincere Christian belonging to the Roman Catholic communion. Her poetry is in the purest Christian vein, and her sympathies extend to all Christians. She is particularly friendly toward Evangelical Christians, so much so that in Chile Protestants are among her most fervent admirers. She unfortunately, however, forms one of a very small minority in the Roman Catholic Church in South America,

whose Christianity has taken full possession of their brains and hearts.

Gabriela Mistral had intended being present at the recent Congress on Christian Work in Montevideo, but was prevented at the last moment from attending. She addressed, however, a remarkable letter to the Congress, in which she spoke of the need of cooperation between Evangelical Christians and people like herself on the "other side" in the interests of the common Christian cause. She wrote at the same time an open letter to Alfredo Palacios in which she tried to rectify some of his ideas regarding the character and aims of Evangelical missions in South America. The reply of Palacios drew from Romain Rolland the letter quoted on page ·772.

THE CHRISTIAN MYSTIC The last type I will mention is the Ch"istian Mystic, represented by the Argentine writer, Julio Navarro Monzo. The life of Navarro Monzo is a romance of grace. He had occupied important government positions, and was art critic on the staff of the famous. newspaper The Nation of Buenos Aires, when his spiritual pilgrimage began. He vainly sought peace in the Greek Orthodox Church, but found it later in the reading of the New Testament. After his conversion he became a member of the Young Men's Christian Association and attended the Anglican Church in Buenos Aires. Three years ago he became a member of the Continental Staff of the South American Y. M. C. A. and has devoted himself since to writing and lecturing on religious subjects. His course of ledures on the Evolution of Heligion in .the Ancient vVorId made a profound impression last year in Santiago, Chile, and Lima, Peru. F'or the first time in South American history was a foremost "intellectual" giving his whole time to religious interests, and boldly proclaiming from place to place that for him Christ was" all his salvation and all his desire."

Navarro Monzo has been very severely criticized by many Evangelicals in South America and he in turn has severely criticized Evangelical missions on the continent. It must be admitted that he does hold very advanced views on the subject of Biblical criticism, while declaring that the Bible is the book he loves best and studies most. But those who hold that such views are incompatible with loyalty to Christ and a true spiritual life, must face the fact that Navarro Monzo is one of the most profoundly spiritual personalities and one of the greatest men of prayer it is possible to meet in these days. For him, moreover, the supreme reality in life is the presence and guidance of the Living Christ. As regards his criticism of Protestant institutions, let it be remembered that Navarro Monzo is by temperament and conviction an anti-institutionalist. Among Christian sects he finds most in common with the Society of Friends. He believes, moreover, that the solution of the religious problem

1925J SOUTH AMERICAN INTELLECTl'ALS AND CHRlSTIANl'fY

in South America, especially among the educated classes, is not along the line of planting exotic and controlled institutions in these countries, but in the formation of autoctonous and autonomous groups on the analogy of Friends' meetings. His ideal is the "house church" of primitive Ohristianity, believing that the greatest need of the continent is to get religion back from the specially consecrated building to the home, restoring thus the lost glory of the "Ohurch which is in thy house."

All these; with their varying accents and different solutions, are still but so many voices in the wilderness, but withal they are harbingers of a new day, the day of the great Master's coming. Here and there choice spirits, male and female, are stretching out their hands unto God. And God is not far off-was never indeed so near the pampas and cordillera valleys. Even now there is a perceptible quickening, like that of springtime, npon the face of the wilderness.

HISTORICAL DATA ON LATIN AMERICA 1498-1514 ; Period of Discover~'. Exploration of Brazilian Coast Voyages of OJeda, Vespurci, and CarJral. 1504-1524 ; Spanish Colonization. Central Ameriean E,,-peditions.

1512; Beginning of Papal misRionary work in Latin America. 15J 9; Conauest of Mexico under Cortez. 1535-1700; Spanish colonial .development under Vieeroys.

]580-1777 : Spanish and Portuguese conflicts for control.

1778-1824: Rise of Spanish-American Republics-Chile, 1817; Peru, under Bolivar, 182B. ]826: l<'irHt International Spanish-American Council called by Bolivar, met at Panama.

1890: First International American Congress at Washington, D. C.

1R90-1914 : Growth of European immigration in Latin Amel·ica.

]901-] 902: Second International American Congress at Mexico City.

1901-1921 : DeVelopment of railways and waterways, 190'5: Temporary U. K financial control in Nicaragua, Santo Domingo, and Haiti inaugurated.

1906 : Third International American Congres'l at Rio de Janeiro.

1910: Fourth International American Congress at Buenos Aires.

1912-1915 : Formation of the A. B. C. Alliance (A.rgentina, Brazil, and Chile).

1914: A. B. C. Conference at Niagara to promote peaceful re- lations between .Mexico and the United States.

1914: Opening of the Panama Canal, August 15, 1914.

HJ15: Pan-American Scientific Conference.

1916: Panama Missionary Congress, February 10 to 20.

]918 : Formation of Pan-American l<"ederation of Labor.

)' 1919-1922 : First South American representation in world affairs at the treaty of Versailles. I 1922-1923 : Central American Confe~ence at 'Washington, Dec. 4, 1922. ]923~ Fifth International American Conference met at Santiago, I Chile.

I 1925: Montevideo l1issionaQ' Congress. ~rareh 2D to April 8.

I

AS TO MEXIOO AND OENTRAL

MEXICO A REA: 767,198 square miles, including the islands. Population: 17,000,000 (estimated), 40ro Indian, 40% mixed, 20% European. Government: Democratic, federal, representative republic, composed of 28 states, 2 territories and a federal district.

Language: Spanish and 180 Indian dialects. Religion: 1858: Complete separation of the Church and State brought about by Juarez. The Roman Catholic religion prevails but there is a complete toleration of other religions. Missions: Organized work begun in 187l.

NICARAGUA Area: 49,200 square miles. Populatio'n: 800,000 (estimated). Religion: Roman Catholicism is the faith of the majority but freedom of belief is accorded to all. History: Discovered by Columbus in 1502.

Became an independent republic in 1839.

GUATEMALA Area:' 48,290 square miles. Population: 2,500,000 (estimated). The largest of these six little Central American republics. Religion: Prevailingly Roman Catholic, but with freedom of belief and worship. History: R~public established in 1847. Missions: Protestant missionaries came by government invitation in 1882.

HO:NDURAS Area: 44,275 square miles. Population: 610,000 (estimated). A debt of over one hundred millions burdens the country. Polygamy is common. Life is too easy. Religion: Roman Catholicism prevails but freedom is guaranteed to all.

BRITISH HONDUR.AS A small colony of 8,592 square miles and about 40,000 population. Rich in gum of the sapota tree and in mahogany, her trade with the U. S. is five times as great as with Great Britain.

SALVADOR Area: 13,176 square miles. Population: 1,500,00{), Salvador has more people to the square mile than any country in the western hemisphere. Illegitimacy is 60%. Lack of sanitation, and ignorant priests burden the country.

COSTA RICA Area: 23,000 square miles. Population: 500,000 (estimated). Land is worth five times as much as in Nicaragua. Comparatively free press; free 'speech; no extreme poverty; stable goyernment; good health conditions; population 60% white; good foreign trade; fair schools.

776

GIRLS IN THE NORMAL SCHOOL AT

The Religious Ferment in Mexico BY REV. A. B. RUDD, D.D., MEXICO CITY, MEXICO Missionary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society I N 1861, an Irishman who had been educated for the Catholic priesthood in his own country, but who through the influence of his wife had become a Protestant, crossed the Rio Grande to introduce Bibles into Mexico. This Irishman, James Hickey, with . his packet of Bibles and a heart full of the real Christ spirit, started in a small way the religious ferment in Mexico, which today is more iutense than ever before.

About the same time a small group of Catholics in Mexico City became dissatisfied with the rites of the Church of Rome and took steps to form an independent organization, based on Evangelical principles. Thus, on the northern border, from without, and in the heart of the land, the Capital City, from within, were set in motion influences which were destined to checkmate the complete and hith- erto undisputed control of Rome over the consciences of Mexico's millions.

If we may go back to the time of Mexico '8 war of independence (1810-20) even there we find on the part of many the desire for lib- erty of conscience. The history of the independent republic, down to the Juarez reform of 1857 which gave Mexico complete separa- 777

tion of church and state, is replete with tilts between politics and religion.

Along in the nineties this spirit of unrest is again manifest, find· ing expression in the person of an intelligent and influential priest in the state of 'l'amaulipas, Father Camacho, who had the audacity to challenge the authenticity of the legend which forms the basis of Mexieim Catholicism of today-the thrice-repeated appearance of the Holy Virgin to an humble shepherd in 1531, the imprinting of her image On his blanket in order to convince the dubious priest of the verity of the apparition. The pub- lished refutation of this legend by the learned priest came like a bolt out of a clear sky. "Such blas- phemy!" cried the church author- ities. Ecclesiastical anathemas were hurled at the honest padre, though not before his publication had raised serious doubts in the minds of thousands who were ready to follo·"" him out of super- stition. There is no telling where- unto the movement started by this publication would have grown, had the then president of the Republic, General Porfirio Diaz, not ordered its author to be quiet. Father Camacho passed into obscurity, but his spirit is still alive and doing its work today.

These touches of Mexico's religious history-our Irishman METHODIST EP1SCOPAL CHURCH, friend in the north, whose coming PUEBLO resulted in the organization in Monterrey in 1864 of the Baptist Church of that city, and Father Ramon Lozano, the leader of the movement in Mexico City in 1862, which resulted later in the formation of the Episcopal Mission- prepare us for the consideration of the recent schismatic movement which has so stirred Mexico in the present year.

El Universal, the leading daily in Mexico, in one of its February issues startled the Catholic public with the announcement of the formation of a Mexican National Catholic Church, entirely apart from Rome, with a'married clergy, all public services in the language of the country, the Bible as the basis of all belief and practice-a fullfledged Mexican Catholic Church as opposed to a Roman Catholic Church, with Padre Perez as Patriarch. One of the large churches of the city was taken, the priest in charge expelled and the schismat-

1925l ~'HE RELIGIOUS FERMENT IN MEXICO

ics put in charge. Immediately a mob of Roman Catholics invaded the church and gave battle to the newly organized group. The municipal authorities restored order, protecting the new occupants of the building and allowing them to celebrate Mass a la mexicana. As all church houses in Mexico belong to the Federal Government, it was not long before the Federal authorities decided that neither party could have the permanent use of the house for religious services and so took it for educational purposes. Later they turned over to the schismatics another temple which had long been used for government purposes and which, on June 11th, was formerly opened to the public as headquarters for the National Catholic movement in BAPTTST SCHOOL. PU EB LO, MEXICO Mexico. Along with other valuables, the Virgen de la Soledad, who reigned supreme in the church over which the contending parties were fighting, was transferred "to one of the warehouses of the Monte Piedad, the national pawn-shop, from whence, with all her power to do miracles, she has not been able to escape."

Considerable propaganda of the new cult has been carried on with more or less results. It is evident that the movement has thousands of sympathizers throughout the country and yet success has not crowned its efforts. Already the Mexican National Catholic Church is limping seriously.

Mr. Vincente Mendoza, an intelligent, well-informed, far-seeing Evangelical Mexican, editor of El lI1undo Cristiano, the most influential Evangelical paper published in the Republic, read recently

before the Federation of Christian workers in Mexico City a very interesting paper on this recent movement, tracing its origin and analyzing the causes of its comparative failure-views to which we assent.

In the first place, the movement lacked proper leadership. Many of its principles appeal strongly to the public<-freedom from the papal yoke, the strong nationalistic spirit, a married clergy, etc. But a real leader was not at hand. Many a less worthy n'LOvement has succeeded through the efforts of a born leader of men. Mr. .Mendoza says: Perez has not the ability to organize and to lead a movement of this nature; besides, already being an old man, he lacks the personal qualities which will make him a leader. For a revolutionary movement it is not enough to have a definite ideal, it is necessary for the leader to have personal qualities which will make him attractive to the people, and have that magnetism which easily makes the masses gather around him and follow him to death. Patriarch Perez has not these qualities; he is not a notable man in any sense, and he has never been a popular leader; he is not a man of culture; in a word, he does not measure up to the qualities of a leader, very different from Bishop Camacho, to whom we have referred_ The other priests and laymen who gathered around father Perez are exactly of the same qualities, lacking all social standing, men unknown, that have demonstrated that they are not capable of organizing a church, which is not so easy as it appears.

Again, the movement lacks spiritual motif- It is semi-politicaL There are forces at work which at first were not in evidence. Mr. Mendoza says: We understand now, that the working elements are not foreign to the movement, and to speak frankly, the radical labor elements are the supporters of the movement, in part, to take vengeance against the activity of Romanism against the labO'J.' syndicates, and partly, to give practical expression to the revolutionary ideas which in the social and political order they are carrying forward, and they insist that now it is necessary to do the same thing in religious matters. Then, we are not mistaken when we affirm that the schismatic movement is a product of the revolutionary movement, and they are seeking the satisfaction of vengeance because Romanism always proved to be a bitter enemy of all labor organizations. They also are seeking to complete the work of the revolution attacking those things which have made the Catholic Church hated in the practical life of the nation.

. . . This division is not the result of a high. religious idea, nothing which has sprung as the expression of a profound conviction concerning the value of religion in simple forms, and seeking for an expression more in accord with modern ideas of democracy; in a word, this movement is due to sentiments rather political than religious, being only another phase of the same political struggle in which we are seeking to readjust new social forces, and it is impossible for a religious movement, a Christian movement, being inspired by this class of motives, to succeed. A religious movement which does not come from a deep spiritual ideal can succeed more or less apparently, but not triumph in a definite way. If there had been a religious ideal, and then purity of motives in the organization, at this time there would be thousands and thousands of followers of father Perez, and the schism would

THE RELIGIOUS FERMENT IN MEXICO

have affected seriously the throne of the Pope in Mexico, for in modern times we cannot ignore the fact that thousands of restless spirits would easily follow any religious leader if he were truly inspired with the ideals and the enthusiasm of the reformers of the sixteenth century to bring a true reform of religion in Mexico. We will wait for this leader, sooner or later, because the field is ripe, the men are ready, and we do not doubt that some day the true schismatic movement will rise in our country, which will bring a church more spiritual and simpler, more attractive, more faithful to the spirit of Ohrist, and resting, equally, on a firm basis of a national spirit. "

To the two reasons already given for the comparatively small results of the recent movement, must be added a third: The tremendous in:fiuence of a strongly subsidized public press. '1'here isn't a single paper of prominence in all Mexico in whose columns the movement under discussion could get an unprejudiced hearing. Perez has been held up to ridicule before the public as a renegade unworthy of respect, and all connected with the movement as a detestable mob deserving only the contempt of the public. Under these conditions it is not easy to make satisfactory headway.

But in spite of the apparent failure of the Perez movement, it undoubtedly marks another step, and an impQrtant step, along the line of real progress toward better things. Rome's grip has been weakened, seriously weakened, by the movement, nor will she ever be able to regain what she has lost; and this, too, in spite of the fact that she has organized a "League of Religious Defense," for the purpose of meeting what she is pleased to call the persecution of the Catholic Church. So radical were some of the principles of this organization that they were regarded as seditious by the Government and had to be revised. The Catholics of Mexico regard themselves in much the same position as the French Catholics of today, and have recently sent them a note of sympathy in their efforts to maintain an official representative at the Vatican.

Certain questions, which affect more or less directly the work of the Evangelicals in Mexico, have been brought prominently to the front by this schismatic movement. The first is the question of church property. According to the New Constitution of 1917, no church, or religious association of any kind can hold property in Mexico~ All properties used for religious purposes become by that very act, the property of the Federal Government. Again, the Constitution requires that all public religious services shall be held in templos (temples) as opposed to private houses, though this pro· vision has not been pressed save in a few cases where the local authorities have made trouble for the local congregation. The writer has knowledge of a case of this kind in which a service hall of an Evangelical congregation has been recently closed by the local authorities on the ground that the hall is not a public ternplo. Steps are being taken to secure from the Federal Government permission

THE MTSSLONARY R,EVIEW 01>' TRf} WORLD

to reopen the hall for public services temporarily, until such time as the cong'regation may be able to build its temple, for which funds are already being collected. Another requirement of the Constitution which has recently come into the limelight is the one that limits to native-born Mexican ministers the right to exercise their ministry in the country. The large number of foreign priests who were in charge of churches in the RepUblic are being replaced by Mexicans, the Government having decided that not even by becoming citizens by naturalization can this right be acquired. No American, so far as the writer's knowledge ext.ends, has ever become pastor of a Mexican church since t.he Const.itution of 1917 went. into effect. This particular point of the law thus touches the American missionary mainly in the interpretation given to the phrase, ejercer su rninisterio ("exercise his ministry"); whether this excludes public preaching and administering the affairs of a mission, as well as pastoring a church, administ.ering the ordinances, etc.

This last question will affect on a diminishing scale the Evangelical work in Mexico in proportion to the increase of self-support on the part' of the churches; and it is pleasing to record the fact that constant, if not rapid progress is being made along this line.

The gradual growth of Evangelical Christianity in Mexico is contributing in no small degree to the religious ferment in the land.

Naturally, the papal authorities view with a jealous eye this growth, and wage against it both an offensive and defensive warfare, using as one of their most powerful weapons the accusation that the Protestant missionaries are in Mexico for political purposes, sent to spy out the land and make a pacific conquest.

It is frankly admitted that Evangelical Christianity has made comparatively slow progress in Mexico. In the more than sixty years since the work was begun, the actual membership of the Protestant churches does not exceed 45,000, though the sympathizers with Evangelical truth probably reach five times this figure. And yet it may be safely said that while this progress is slow, it is sure and perma- Dent: Protestant influence is undoubtedly sinking in, ancI soaking the very roots of the Nation. Its influence if> far out of proportion to the actual number of its communicants. No longer are Evangelicals limited to the humbler walks of life. The Secretary of Foreign Relations is an Evangelical, as is also the newly appointed sub- Secretary of Education. The National Congress is becoming familiar with the voices of Protestant congressmen. 'The President's son has recently married a Protestant lady, the religious ceremony having been performed by a Protestant minister, the President and his family being present. In a word, the public is conscious of the fact that the Evangelicals are here and are here to stay. They are desirous of making a worth-while contribution to the intellectual, moral, social and spiritual life of the nation. This contribution is being increasingly observed and appreciated from year to year.

A PUBLIC MARKET IN TH E REPUBL[ C OF' SA:-nO

In the Dominican Republic BY ,JAY S. STOWELL, PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA Board of Home Missions, Methodist Episcopal 0hurch l """'AKE the Catharine at noon-time at San Juan, Porto Rico, sail west and twenty-four hours later you arrive at Santo DomingO' City. Or you can travel by the Clyde Line from New York and after five or six days find yourself in the Dominican Republic.

The Republic occupies the eastern two-thirds of Haiti, an island discovered by Columbus. Although the first to be settled in the New World and blest with many natural resources, it has been backward in its development and long neglected by the Christian churches of America.

One is tempted to compare conditions in the Dominican Republic with those in Porto Rico. In language the two countries are alike, but in other respects one soon notes many differences.

The Dominican Republic is large-five times as large as Porto Rico, and, compared to Porto Rico, sparsely settled; forty-five to the square mile in the one case, three hundred and seventy-seven in the other.

Porto Rico is intensively cultivated; the Dominican Republic is crying out for the plow.

783

Politically the Republic is independent and the Dominicans have back of them generations of fighting traditions; Porto Rico is under the United States flag, and her traditions are those of peace. It has been the policy of the Porto Ricans to avoid conflict wherever possible.

In porto Rico we saw scores of school houses and thousands of children under instruction. In the Dominican Republic we saw few schools, most of them unused. The boasted contribution of the United States to the establishment of a school system in the Republic. seems to have been over-rated. We made one fatal blunder by failing to get the native's point of view. We planned to support public schools by a land tax, but the Dominicans were not used to a land tax, and refused to pay it. The public school system collapsed overnight, and some of the teachers, left without money, were compelled to walk home. Weare told that conditions are improving a little and some sc.hools are being opened again. A few small private schools have sprung up, but most of the children are neglected. Taken as a whole the Dominicans are more ignorant than the Porto Ricans and they desperately need schools.

"Ve had been told that poverty was greater in the Republic than in Porto Rico, but our observations did not appear to bear out the truth of the statement. Porto Rico is made up of an agricultural population deprived of its land and forced to subsist on the earnings from seasonal labor at small wages. Her people are continually under-nourished. The Dominicans, on the other hand, are a nation of small farmers and give evidence of being better nourished than are the Porto Ricans. Particularly do they eat more meat than the Porto Ricans.

The sugar industry which has swallowed up so much of the land of Porto Rico is less extensively developed in the Dominican Republic. Several large sugar centrals have come into being, but much of the land is still wild and open for squatters or purchasers of "peso" titles. There is still time to save the Dominicans from becoming landless peons, and a commission of the Roman Catholic Church has recently made a strong appeal to that end.

In contrast to Porto Rico's lack of natural resources the Dominican Republic possesses forests of valuable woods and large mineral deposits. It also has an important cacao industry not found in Porto Rico. Porto Ricans are loyal to the United States and are proud to be under the Stars and Stripes; while the Dominicans are happy that the brief occupation of their territory by the United States is over. On the other hand they clearly recognize that it is much to their advantage to maintain the most cordial relationships with the United States and Americans are gladly welcomed to the Republic. Curiously enough in 1869 the United States negotiated a treaty of

1925J IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

annexation with the Dominican Republic. The treaty was approved l,y the Dominican people, but it failed of ratification in the United States Senate.

One can hardly understand the Dominicans of today without knowing something of their history and that history is one of turmoil. They are a mixture of Indians, Negroes and Whites. In 1844 they won their independence from the Haitians and the event is still celebrated as the great national holiday. Some one has figured out that during the seventy years following the gaining of national independence nineteen different constitutions were promulgated and there were fifty-three different presidents. Only three of these presidents completed their terms of office; two were killed; twenty were deposed; the others resigned.

The United States occupation, which began in 1916 during the World War and is now ended, accomplished some things. It built roads, it established sanitation, segregated the lepers, built a model penitentiary on the unit plan, pacified the Republic, and built up a great school system. The latter, however, it constructed a little too ambitiously and upon what proved to be insecure foundations.

Religiously the country is Oatholic, but with slight connection with Rome. The priests are mostly natives. A recent writer declares that they live openly with their women, and are not limited to one, that drunkenness is common among them, and that the French priests from Haiti are very much disgusted with the crudities and immoralities of the Dominican priests. The Virgin Altagracia is the patron saint of the Republic. Patriotic celebrations begin and end at the Oathedral, and the churches have been built from public funds. The relationship of Dominican men with the Ohurch is, however, formal rather than vital.

EVANGELICAL WORK The first evangelical missionary to the Dominicans arrived in the Republic in 1889 and labored for six years before securing any tangible results. Long before that date work had been started among the English-speaking Negroes of the country. In 1907 the Free Methodist church became impressed with the need and entered the Republic. The work of that church has since become well extended throughout the main settlements of the northern half of the island.

For years Evangelical Ohristians in Porto Rico had been impressed with the needs of the Republic. In 1917 they sent the Rev. Philo W. Drury to study conditions there and in 1918 a small work was opened by them at San Pedro de Macoris. In 1919 the Rev. Samuel Guy Inman, of New York, visited the Republic and made a report to the Oommittee on Oooperation in Latin America. As a result there was formally organized January, 1920, the Board for 4

Christian Work in Santo Domingo, representing five mission boards and three denominations, the Presbyterian in the U. S. A., the Methodist Episcopal, and the United Brethren. This Board took over the small work already begun. The churches of Porto Rico released three of their best workers for the work, representing three denominations, and they also contributed several thousand dollars to the opening of the work.

Evangelistic and religious educational work was begun in Santo Domingo City, the capital of the Republic. The people responded at once so that the temporary quarters were soon outgrown and a beautiful house of worship has now been erectEld. The work continues to grow, and is having a very definite effect upon the life of the city.

At this writing, churches have been established at Santo Domingo, San Pedro de Macoris, La Romana, San Cristobal and Barahona. The latest annual report shows a combined church membership at the first four points mentioned, of three hundred and sixty, an average Sunday-school attendance of four hUlldred and fifty-severt, and a Christian Endeavor membership of two hundred and forty-four. The work outside of the capital city is carried on in rented quarters.

There are five other important centers in the southern half of the Republic which should be entered in order to complete the occupation of that portion of the Republic commonly recognized as the responsibility of the Board for Christian Work in Santo Domingo. In addition there are numerous rural points. Some of' these are already being reached very effectively by the pastors at the main centers and by local workers trained under their direction. A striking example of the effectiveness of this rural work is to be seen at a point out from San Cristobal. A young man who developed considerable ability as a local leader and preacher, recently was obliged to seek employment at a sugar central some distance away. The people of the community missed his leadership so much that they sent for him and arranged to give him employment close at hand so that he might continue his voluntary ministry among them. Numerous other incidents might be told to illustrate the vitality of this rural work.

At an early stage in the planning of the work the great need for medical service became apparent. A building was rented and with an American doctor and American nurses in charge a small hospital was opened and the first month one hundred patients appeared at the clinics; the second month the number was three hundred, and the third month nine hundred. Since then the total has at times reached 1,500 per month. The hospital receipts now frequently exceed $1,000 per month and the number of hospital patients exceeded 1,500 during a recent year. The cases treated include:

1H25] IN THE DO)fJ NIC'Ai' In~PUBLIC

hookworm, malaria, venereal disease, appendicitis, malnutrition, maternity, tuberculosis, accidents and a great variety of surgical cases. These patients come from the capital city and from scores of towns within a radius of sixty or seventy miles. Often they travel on foot or by the most primitive conveyances to reach the hospital.

A baby clinic and milk station, maintained in connection with the hospital, is saving the lives of many children and is doing much to educate Dominican mothers in the care of their children. A native dentist is also employed and an important dental ministry is rendered. The attendant in charge of the drug room is a native Domini- NURSES IN TRAINING AT EVANGELINE HOSPITAL, SAKTO DOMINGO C,TTY , ran girl who is a graduate in pharmacy. Twelve Domjni(~an girls are now in training for nurses. Coming chiefly on the recommendation of pastors in local churches, they already have a genuine religious background and every effort is made to keep alive a healthy religious life during the course of training.

Recently a site was purchased for a new hospital and the plans call for the erection of an adequate building for the continuation and extension of the very important work already begun.

The need for education is so great in the Republic that it would be hard to keep out of the educational field even if the workers wished to do so. A school has been in successful operation at San Cristobal for some time and other educational work is contemplated as resources are available. ' One young man is already in training

for the Christian ministry at the Evangelical Seminary in Ri.o Piedras, Porto Rico. Two are studying in the Polytechnic Institute at San German, Porto Rico. Others are studying in the Normal School at Santo Domingo City, and a few are taking informal training in preparation for Christian work.

From the very beginning the plans for the work included a definite social ministry, but the resources did not warrant opening such work. More recently a trained young couple devoted to the work have been secured and they are now at work in Santo Domingo. Their work is opening up in a very promising way and it is already enriching the lives of many Dominican young men and women.

One of the features of the work which promises much for the future is a book store located on the first floor of the Mission building in Santo Domingo. It faces an important street of the city and is directly opposite the administration building of the Department of Public Instruction. The employees of that department and the school inspectors have been among the best customers. The Importance .of Christian literature can hardly be overestimated.

A CHALLENGE We have set our hand to the plow in the Dominican Republic and we may not turn back with honor. We have a special responsibility here, and the Dominicans need our ministry. The organization of the work on a union basis is unique and prophetic. The work has grown healthily, but, up-to-date we have not been able to occupy the field adequately. Fortunately, perhaps, it is definitely limited geographically and we know where our responsibility lies. The successful carrying on of the program to its completion depends upon the support of those who believe in sharing the best we have in the name of Jesus Christ with some of our most neglected neighbors.

SOME LATIN AMERICAN STATISTICS Country Area Population Co,Vital or Government OMe! Oity Republic Mexieo ……………… . 767,198 ] 7,000,000 Guatemala .. _……….. . 47,500 2,500,000 Mexico " Br. Honduras ……….. . 8,5112 45,400 Guatemala HondlJras ……….. _.. . 44,275 662,432 BeJizH Britain Salvador ………….. _.. 7,225 1,500,000 T('gucigalpa Republic Niearagua . _…. __ … _.. . 51,700 639,000 23,000 5'00,000 San Salvailor " Costa Rica . __ …….. _.. . 31,890 450,000 Panama ……………. . 5,855,000 M~nagua "" Colombia …. __ ……… . 4G1,600 1,500,000 Ecuador .. __ .. __ . _… ___ . 276,000 2,900,000 San .Tose " 363,728 298,000 Panama Venezuela .. _………… . 113,181 B')gota Britain Br. Guiana ……. . 89,480 26,325 Quito Holland Dnt.ch Guiana …… _…. . 46,0(JO' 5,000,000 Caracas France French Guiana .. _.. _…. . 32,000 3,000,000 Georget.owu Republic Peru . _……… _.. _…. _ 722,oW1 Parimaribo Bolivia _…….. _.. _…. . 597,460 30,635,605 Cayenne """""" 3,275,510 4,000,000 Lima Brazil ……………… . 289,829 8,698,516 LaPaz Chile ………………. . 1,153,119 Rio De Janeiro Argentl1la … ..•…….•.. 75,673 1,000,000 Sa,,-tiago Paraguay ., … ,"", .. , ,. 72,153 1,494,953 Buenos Aires Uruguay., .. " ….. , ….. Asuncion Montevideo

MEN'S CLASS M"RCHING TO CHURCH FROM THE THEATER

1'HE BIBLE CLASS WAS HELD One Generation in Porto Rico.

BY REW. HERBERT FORD, CAGUAS, PORTO RICO Missionary of the Amcrir.an Baptist Home Mission Society A CHURCH in every town and many in the country, with a total . membership of more than one per cent of the whole population is the short and simple account of the work of a single generation of evangelical missions in Porto Rico. The twenty-fifth anni· versary of the coming of the first Protestant missionaries was celebrated last year. From the discovery of the island by Columbus in 1493 and the administration of Ponce de Leon, first Spanish governor, till the occupation by American troops in 1898, Roman Catholicism was practically the only organized religion among the native-born inhabitants, and church records would have shown close to 100% of the people enrolled. As a matter of fact, however, only a small proportion of these had more than a nominal relation to the church. Spiritualism had attracted thousands, but the great majority had drifted into religious indifference and atheism.

Protestant work was begun under exceptionally favorable circumstances. Due to the liberation of Porto Rico by American arms. everything American was held in high esteem, and the new "American" religion was well received, although usually in blissful ignorance of its true nature. The field was fairly well manned from the start; the war had brought Porto Rico into the public eye, and several boards were prompt to send Spanish-speaking missionaries. Freedom of worship was granted, and generally was carried out.

789

But one of the greatest strokes of good judgment was the early agreement to divide the territory, so that strife and duplication and waste have been almost entirely avoided. The Evangelical Union functions admirably as an interdenominational clearing house.' ~linally, and not least among the favoring conditions, the population was dense and accessible, and large elements were ready for a religious change.

The early missionaries began preaching in cheap rented halls, in private houses, or in the open air, and received a fair hearing.

Most of their audiences were timid about coming in, so they preached largely to people who were literally outside in the darkness and there was no means of estimating the number. Within a short time enough adherents were gathered to organize churches in the centers, and promising converts were sent out to carry the story to the autlying country. From these helpers the early preachers were selected. being paid small salaries by the boards, later raising a portion of this among the people they served. Of the devotion of many of these nrst preachers we must speak in the highest terms. If they were often sadly dencient in intellectual preparation, and a few inade· quately grounded in the moral teachings and practices of Chris"

tianity, it must be remembered that for four hundred years the people had never been led to see much connection between religion Hnd a high standard of morality. .

Improvement in the qualifications of the preachers was rapid.

The early missionaries gathered small groups of young men about them and, entirely without equipment at first. gave them a general llnd a Biblical educati011. Such a policy is now bearing fruit sixty and a hundredfold. At present practically one hundred per cent of the pastoral work is in the hands of the Porto Ricans, most of whom have some theological training, and several are college and seminary graduates. They are naturally gifted as preachers and teachers and are acquiring administrative capacity as welL When these gifts are accompanied by a knowllildge of Ohrist and a cOllilecration to His service, they produce a body of men much more effective in bringing Porto Rico to the feet of the Master than any number of foreigners, however earnest and capable. In recent years there has been a drastic reduction in the number of continental mission- nries, and those who remain are mostly engaged in executive, educational or medical work.

On the institutional side, ngures are imposing. Over 15,000 of the 1,300,000 are actual communicant members of the various evan- gelical churches, over one per cent in twenty-nve years, which comes very close to setting it world record for the first generation. In addition there is an influence in the life of the people far beyond the proportion of members. The Baptist churches, for example, with 2,600 members, have an average attendance of 5,700 in the Sunday-

J925) ONE GENERATION I N PORTO RICO

schools. In 1916 the island went prohibition by a very large popular majority, and the enemy everywhere admitted that the Protestaut churches turned the trick. Where there is a good pastor in a countrv place, he becomes the biggest man for miles around, and is looked to for leadership in all lines. A strong pastor with a capable wife sometimes accomplishes the same in the moderate-sized towns. Enough has perhaps been said to indicate that the E vangelicals are about the liveliest one per cent ever seen.

It cannot be said that any large proportion of the so-called high society or people of wealth or high political standing have been won to actual membership in the churches. No special efforts have been made to appeal to any "class. " The elite will be won sooner and their r eligious life will be the sounder through the realization that AN OPEN-AI R SUNDAY-SCHO OI_ IN OUTSKIRTS OF CAGCAS all must come by the way of the Cross, without favor or distinction. But the social standing of the Protestants has notably risen and will continue to rise. The chief justice of the supreme court and the commissioner of education are numbered with Evangelicals, and their lives are in keeping with their words. There is getting to be a considerable sprinkling of professional people in the churches, and some towns can be pointed to, where the pastor is of the highest social r efin ement and where there is accordingly a strong element of the most intellectual and refined to be found in the church. The high requirements for church membership keep thousands out who believe ill the Gospel and whose voice and influence can be counted on at all times, not to mention other thousands who keep silent because of a feeling that they would lose prestige if they declared themselves.

In addition to churches in every town and in many country dis-

PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL, SAN JUAN tricts, other institutional features include three mission hospitals. Of these, the Presbyterian at San Juan is the largest and most famous. It is the finest and best known hospital in the island. Over 50,000 patients are treated annually, and because of its high standing among the, best people, it is practically self-supporting, although it ministers to thousands unllble to pay. No other feature of mission work has approached the Presbyterian hospital in building up a prestige and social standing for the Protestant work. The Congregationalists and Episcopalians also have excellent hospitals which, though smaller, are of the highest standing.

Because of the comparatively high efficiency of public education in Porto Rico, mission schools have not been given the prominence that they gain in other fields. But it would be a mistake to say that schools are not needed, or that those established are not rendering good service. We ought to have preparatory schools under Christian auspices, to furnish us candidates for the ministry, who have the proper outlook, as well as to furnish a lay leadership thoroughly Christian in ideals. The high schools are also overcrowded, and even primary schools are inadequate. Many of our churches, entirely on their own responsibility, have opened schools of the lower grades. The best secondary schools under missionary auspices are the Polytechnic Institute, a Presbyterian school for both sexes, and the Blanche Kellogg Institute, a Congregational school for girls only.

The union theological seminary at Rio Piedras, formed five years ago by combining several denominational seminaries and training schools, is a high grade institution, granting degrees. According to the plan of the Committee on Cooperation for Latin America, this institution serves the entire northern part of Latin America, the one at Montevideo holding a like responsibility for centl'al and southern South America. .At Rio Piedras last year there were as many as eight students from one country outside of Porto Rico, Venezuela holding this honor, although naturally there were

19251 ONE GENERATION IN PORTO RIOO

more from Porto Rico, where the seminary is located. Six denominations are represented on the board of managers, and no two faculty members represent the same communion. Final success in any mi's- Hion field depend,; npon the development of a highly competent native leadership.

A union printing plant, doing a general printing business, and publishing a paper, is perhaps, next to the Presbyterian hospital, the feature that brings most prestige to the Gospel. This paper is editorially and typographically the equal of any publication in the island, and it has a circulation almost as large as the largest daily paper. It is of tremendous influence, as it goes into some of the best homes and other places where the spoken Gospel is not heard.

Space will not permit a description of many social features of the mission work, such as kindergartens, vacation Bible schools, day nurseries, industrial schools, orphanages, and many others.

Evangelism, as is proper, occupies a chief place, and is partly under the Evangelical Union, partly under the direction of the various denominations, or by local churches.

But the finest fruit of mission work is not its imposing edifices and efficient organizations; it is the life and character of people whom Christ has redeemed. I have never seen more thoroughly changed lives or more perfect trust in the Saviour for daily grace to keep from sin than in hundreds of the Porto Rican converts. They generally take their religious obligations seriously. They not only attend church and Sunday-school, but prayer meeting also.

Whole communities have been changed by the Gospel. One of the most notable is Rato Nuevo, a country district near Gurabo. It was known far and wide as a center of vice, gambling, illicit trade in liquor, etc. Every Sunday crowds gathered for a cock-fight, with drinking and a dance which frequently ended in bloodshed. The ring-leader in all the lawless activities was a man named Pedro.

THE BAPTIST CHURCH AT SAN JUAN

The community was one of those that make the observer exclaim, "Can any good come out of Hato Nuevo?" Some members of the Cedros church moved into the neighborhood and began to let their light shine. 1.'hey spoke to their neighbors about the faith that was in them, and held meetings for prayer and Bible reading in their homes, to which others were invited. They invited their pastor to wake fortnightly trips to the neighborhood. He established friendly :felations with everybody, held meetings in the open air or wherever he could. Conversions occurred, including Pedro and all his house. Like Paul, he sought to undo all his former evil. His house was the iargest and his personal influence the greatest in that section. His house, like his heart, was thrown open to the Lord. He became a crusader for the truth. The vice and liquor melted away. No more were ribald songs heard on Sunday nights. Instead the air rang with hymns. The people set to work and built a chapel entirely at their own cost, and the writer had the privilege of preaching the dedication sermon. They then organized a church, and baptisms are frequent. Hato Nuevo is now known as widely as a Christian community as it used to be for its wickedness. And the whole change has taken place in four years.

Some one may ask, "How do they respond to the acid test of money?" While not many churches have attained full self-support, due to the indescribable poverty, and to the fact that nearly all those who have so far become members of the churches are from the humbler classes, there are large groups of tithers in nearly every chuJi)h. When a man makes seventy cents a day when he can find work, and has several children to support, it requires heroism to tithe. The church at Santurce last year gave $22.33 a member. The Baptist Church at Caguas has the honor of being the first to assume self-support. For the last six years all salary and local expenses have been met, and in addition they have bought and paid fer a parsonage and expended $500 for new pews. Several churches have built their own chapels without any mission funds. Home mission societies exist for the support of churches within the island, and missionaries are employed and their salaries paid entirely from these funds raised among the Porto Ricans. In addition, contributions are sent for foreign work, and three denominations combine to support a mission work in the neighboring island of Santo Domingo, with the help of their boards in the states. These three are the Methodist, Presbyterian and United Brethren. Several Porto Ricans are working as missionaries in that country.

These are the facts as to the progress in Porto Rico in one generation. They are not flights of fancy or attempts to prophesy. If anyone wishes to predict that the close of the second generation will reveal'an entirely autonomous and self-supporting Porto Rican church, we will not attempt to discourage such an expectation.

A Letter from Dr. Grenfell, of

I N my former letter I spoke of two great lessons that impressed me in my journey around the world-the vastness of numbers and of the missionary problem, and the glorious challenge being so well answered in the spirit of the only force that permanently helps toward its solution, viz., love exemplified in personal knighthood.

A third lesson that cannot help stirring the mind that really inquires is: "Why in so many lay circles, in the tourist and political circles, are the invaluable services of missionaries to real civilization so commonly ignored or even discounted?"

Allowing that no one likes to he rebuked, that feeling does not account for all the criticisms. The tourist and the politician have kind hearts, and are loud in their praise, when one tells them of brave unselfish deeds, as in Egypt where a rich young Moslem student in a missionary college at Assiut jumped from the parapet of the Nile dam into the foaming waters of the angry river below, and laid down his life gladly in trying to save a beggar's baby that had fallen into the water-and mirabile dictu, a girl baby at that! That deed was a result of his Christian vision of service acquired at the college. Everyone had a good word for the ~oIlege and its influence in Egypt. They want a few dollars badly to put up a memorial to this lad.

Fellow travelers were told of a Chinese lad who, when bandits carried off his father and grown-up brother and held them for ransom or death, tracked the gang through dangerous and weary miles, and persuaded them to hold him as hostage, "because there was no one left home to earn the ransom." When these fellow travelers were told that this lad was from the mission school at Kiangsi, all were loud in their praises, saying" that is real Christianity."

How few really know about the accomplishments of Christian missions in terms of these natural simple revolutions of character that are not uncommon experiences for real missionaries? If people do not know of these things, why don't they know them?

I remember well how little thrill I have often felt when the collection box came down to me at a missionary lecture, whereas if I had been listening to stories of renewed lives, such as "twice-born men," told in simple layman's style, I would have been thrilled and would have wanted to give my last cent.

Do 'we tell our tale as Christ told tales? Or even as the fishermen apostles told their tales of the loving services of their Master and of His "cross," even long' before His crucifixion? If not, why not? Is it laziness or modesty or "piety" which leads a man to say. "I don't believe in publicity" f In ordinary life men don't spend fabulous sums on advertising, tmd take regular courses in it, because they are fore-Bushel'S, but' because it is good and right business.

795

If I had decided only to tell God about the blind and lame men in Labrador and to remind Him that He had forgotten to send them a doctor, and then if I had practiced surgery in London, and had made a lot of money there, would that be modesty or laziness or whaU Would it not be shirking a job7 What I mean is, why did we have to go around the world to learn these stories, and why also are they the things that stick in our minds, and which we reel off, when in the" salon-de-Iuxe" of a modern floating palace one hears at afternoon tea the bored globe-trotter yawn out, "I can't see any use in missions. "

A young man stilI, I can't begin to match my experience against some of those who no doubt will read this article, but all I know from actual experience is that thing that has belped our mission work for Christ in the Labrador has been not the jolly drives with do~s over ice floes, or the breezes and the whitecaps, or the fogs and shoals, or the human idiosyncrasies and our own limitations, but it has been the attention given to the publicity end of the work. I can look back on many an anxious journey· and many a one doubtful of success, when I left Labrador to lecture in Canada or the United States. How well I remember investing a much valued $500 in a moving picture camera-that of course couldn't come out of the mission funds, and yet should be regarded as a legitimate mission outlay, before movies were so common or so taboo. How many hours and dollars have I spent on trying to paint lantern slides until I could see the businessfor-the-Lord end of having that work done by experts because it was the Lord's business! Why do men pay high prices for a seat for an evening's lecture of the best kind by our travelogue friends? I consider Mr. Burton Holmes a missionary, though I dare say he doesn't think so. He gives invaluable information in an attractive way to a people who need good entertainment and above all only need, I believe, knowledge of the facts to want to do the "right thing." But Burton Holmes does not speak the languages and ean't know each country half as well as the missionaries. Do not missionaries owe some real debt before God to the people, who at least make possible by their gifts the missionary's service in a foreign field ~ It is our duty to cultivate them more, to inspire them more, to give them the real joy that should be bought by a subscription or a gift, so that they will have as keen a desire to do more as if one brought them back old embroidery from China, a kimono from Japan, or a scarab from Egypt.

I am only arguing from my own" experience round the world" that there is still an infinite 16t to be told that mwer is told. Those who give to missions money instead of life, must st:q at home to earn it to give, and are only mortals after all. In the light of round-theworld steamers, excursions and trips, in the li!!M of Thos. Cook and Son and Raymond and Whitcomb and other il~t'llcies, we should be

A LETTER FROM DR. GRENFELL, OF LABR.ADOR

modern enough at least to invent some way to afford thousands of people who travel and can appreciate stories of the lands they visit, some attractive way of learning the things they don't know now, the things that would touch their hearts. Such facts would perhaps furnish their lives with the real challenge capable of breaking through the crust, and reaching the heart that hasn't been accustomed to attend missionary meetings.

A third great lesson we learned was that we, who really believe that the best thing all around the world is that the body of men and women in whose hearts the love of Jesus Christ dwells, owe a debt to the world, or rather have an opportunity to serve the Kingdom of God in the world in a way that is not now being done. Many who can't preach a sermon, can take a photo, write up a story, paint a picture, or give a lecture course. This conception of service would give "a job for Ohrist" to many "who don't know what to do for Him. " Many have applied to mission boards but couldn't be sent. Wben Mr. Moody led me to see how I, a young London" saw-bones," might really justify my poor existence in service to God, I asked a most evangelical clergyman what to do. He hadn't anything to tell me-except a thing I knew I couldn't do. A patient with a tubercular spine lying in our hospital one day asked, "But what can I do 1" "Grin when the doctor hurts you, " I said, "and smile when the nurse dresses you. It vill help them all day long. It will help the patient in the next bed-and it will be a real blessing to yourself." Dr. Houghton of the Pekin University Th'[edical College agreed that tourists do not have a real chance to see for themselves what mission work is accomplishing, only because the contact is missing. Oan we, ought we not, to supply such contacts better r The best of engines is useless for all its power without a contact spark.

SOME PECULIARITIES OF SOUTH AMERICA W INTER comes in the North American summer and autumn comes in our spring. The north wind is hot and the south wind is cold. Hovels crowd on palaces, and costly motor cars choke narrow streets.

The natives speak their own language with a foreign accent, and people and plants alike seem strange transplanted things that have taken on queer forms in the new soil. Here, blue eyes are set in swarthy faces, fat, fair features flash brilliant tropic smiles, shining black orbs peer out over rosy English cheeks.

Exiled oak trees in Argentina and Chile in despair at the topsyturvy seasons, put out buds on one side while on the other side their leaves tnrn brown and shudder in an antarctic gale.

Straw hats are often worn with thick fur coats, houses are floored with marble, and streets are paved with wood.

REHARD LEARNED DWIGHT W

FIFTY GOLDEN YEARS IN .JAPAN Jubilee of Dr. and ];frs. Dwight W. [,earned, Kyoto, Japan F EW have been privileged to serve Christ in a foreign land for a full half-century. This is the experience of two well-known missionaries of the American Board, Dr. and Mrs. Dwight W. Learned, who this year celebrate both their golden wedding and their jubilee of missionary service.

Dr. Learned is now nearly seventy-seven years of age, having been born in Canterbury, Connecticut, on October 12, 1848. He was graduated from Yale in 1870 and sailed for Japan November 1, 1875, where he he:ped to organize the Kyoto station and joined Dr. Joseph Hardy Neesima in Doshisha University. Mrs. Learned was Florence H . Rehard. She was born in Whiteeyes Plains, Ohio, on March 20, 1857, married Dr. Learned on July 7, 1875 and four months later sailed with him for Japan. Their daughter Grace is the wife of Rev. William L. Curtis, also a missionary in Japan.

Dr. and Mrs. J.learned are known among their fellow missionaries for their Christian earnestness, their cheery hospitality and loving consideration of others. For :fifty years t.hey have lightened the burdens and have made life brighter and more fruitful for many missionaries. The Japanese pastors and evangelists who have been Dr. Learned's pupils also bear witness to his helpfulness and wise, genuine f riendship. He is reticent but wise and strong. His memory is accurate and his industry is untiring. Large volumes of church history, political economy and commentaries have come from his pen for the benefit of the Japanese. He is now revising his commentaries in order to replace the plates destroyed in the earthquake and fire of two years ago. Beyond all this Dr. Learned is a man of rare culture and Christlike character and Mrs. Learned has not only been a true missionary but has made her husband's service doubly effective.

798 EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBURG BLDG., PHILADEI,PHIA, PA.

WHEN YOU STUDY I,ATIN-AMERICA Every church should devote some home may invite a half dozen or more time to the study of Latin-America business women to her home for an during the coming year. Do not drift evening class. Teen age boys or girl~ through the year with good intentions will respond to an invitation to learn to arrange for the study some time if more of the" Makers of South Amerpossible. Make definite decisions and ica" at the invitation of some man or plans and carry them out. woman who knows how to interest them, and the junior children will Extend the influence beyond the line up for classes in "Building the bounds of a few mission study classes. Americas." This year, with its Think Latin-America throughout the wealth of material for all ages, is a church and the Sunday-school. good year to begin your School of Missions. In that school do not fail . SEVENTEEN SUGGESTIONS to give place also to the study of Mrs. Montgomery's book, "Prayer and 1. Announce in advance, " Six Missions. " Weeks in Latin-America. " Get everybody thinking about and talk- 3. Decorate your Sunday-school ing about Latin-America. Posters, rooms or parish buildings with flags bulletins, and pulpit and class an- of South American countries. nouncements will arouse interest. At a Sunday-school assembly period 4. Display Latin-American pichave an announcement made by a tures. Order the New Picture Sheet dozen or more boys and girls each on Latin America, which is a twelvecarrying a large placard on which is page folder of interesting pictures. printed some fact of interest. The They may be cut apart and mounted bearer of the first placard should on cardboard, or displayed on charts walk to center of platform and hold and posters, or in Latin-American high the placard so everyone can read albums to be passed around in classes it, and then move to side as the sec- among early arrivals. The price of ond placard takes center place and so the picture sheet is 2:) cents. on. The pianist should play softly 5. Arrange for a stereopticon lecas the march of facts and announcements proceeds. The announce- ture or a series of lectures on Latinments may be read in unison by the America. Write to your board for school, if a variation of this plan is information. If your board has steredesired, with some strong voice lead- oscopes with pictures for rent get ing. them for circulation among various groups. 2. Plan as many mission study classes for as many groups of various 6. If it is possible to have a misages as possible. Some business or sionary or some one who has visited professional man will lead a down- your mission stations in Latin-Amertown group of men who will gather ica come to your church, arrange for at their lunch hour one day a week a first-hand information talk. Busifor six or eight weeks at a club house ness men are especially interested in or Y. l.VI. C. A. for a men's discussion South America at the present time group. A woman with an attractive and a talk by some one who knows business as well as religious condi- 799

tions will command their attention if these materials are available for genit is properly announced. eral use. Unless the people of the churches know they are there they 7. Display maps of Latin-America will not be used, and unless they are on the walls of Sunday-school rooms. used the library will not be interested 'fhere i8 a new map 33×48 inches in getting next year's books. showing all Protestant mission stations. Price, 60 cents. Mark in red 13. Have a South America Tag the stations of your own church and Day in your Sunday-school. Trace an see that frequent reference is made outline from a small map of South to the map on various occasions. America. Make, from colored paper, as many cut-outs as there are mem- 8. Furnish small outline maps of bers of your school. Punch holes Latin-America to individual mem- near the top and tie strings of conbers of classes. Let them locate prin- trasting color to make tags. Write cipal rivers, cities and mission sta- or print with a typewriter, a short tions. The price of outline maps, crisp fact about South America on about 11×14 inches, is 25 cents a each tag. Appoint a tagging comdozen. mittee to be on hand early and to see 9. Do not fail to get the new pic- that each member is tagged for South ture map of Latin-America which is America. There should be enough something new in missionary ma- members on the committee to do the terials for boys and girls. The price tagging without delay, and to inof this map is 50 cents, and with it is struct those who are tagged to memfurnished a series of sketches telling orize their facts or quotations, and be the story of the I,atin-American peo- ready to repeat them when called for. ple, the outstanding historical events The call may be made by departand the work of Christian missions. ments or classes. Boys and girls remember the lessons they learn with scissors and paste, The same general plan may be and after they have completed their adopted for a semi-social affair, each picture map their minds will be stored guest being given a pencil and paper with important information about and told to copy from the tags pinned Latin-America. on other guests as many quotations as possible. A book on Latin-America 10. Tell a storv of Latin-America may be presented to the guest who each Sunday for six or eight weeks in copies the largest number in a given your Sunday-school. For the Pri- time. In this way guests have an mary Department there is a set of informal introduction to each other Latin-America Primary Pic t u r e and at the same time, an opportunity Stories, price, 50 cents, which con- of acquiring information in a very tains six large pictures with a pam- delightful way. phlet of stories-one for each picture. Stories for juniors may be found in 14. Introduce a Latin-American guest at every meeting of your mis- "Building the Americas," by Sara sion study class or at successive ses- Estelle Haskin, and "The Land of sions of your Sunday-school. One the Golden Man," by Anita B. Fer- guest may impersonate a missionary ris. The book, "Makers of South who gives his impressions of condi- America" gives good intermediate tions in general. Another may be a story material. mother of Brazil who tells of her fruitless search for a priest who would 11. Arrange for a special Latin- baptize her baby when she had no American story hour in your com- money to pay. A third guest may be munity or church or some week day an Indian of South America who tells or Sunday afternoon. of the numbers, conditions and needs of his people. 12. See that all the new books and magazines glvmg interesting ma- A girl or a boy may impersonate a terial on Latin-America are placed in pupil of an evangelical mission school your city library, and have announcements made in all the churches that

BBBT METHODS

and tell of the school life and work. the Montevideo .conference the wife Other simple monologue possibilities of the president of an important will be suggested as you read the manufacturing plant, who was an books for the year. active layman, said, "If my husband had known about that conference and 15. News from Latin-America may that he could have gone as a delegate, be given at a class or Sunday-school I believe he would have gone." No session by a half dozen or more mem- one in his denomination thought that bers each of whom has been appointed such a busy business man would conto have ready for effective telling sider that trip, and his delegation some item of news and progress, or went without its full quota. People a Latin-American News Bulletin serv- frequently do things we never thought ice may be established to run for a they would do, and one missionary period of six or eight weeks. On opportunity lies in persuading people large sheets of ordinary brown or to arrange for tours of mission fields. white wrapping paper the committee in charge may print important items 19. The greatest opportunity of all and facts. These bulletins may be is to make this a time of special placed around the walls of the room prayer for Latin-America. In the in which meetings are held. The prayer meetings, in the church serv- "Story of the Montevideo Congress" ices, and the Sunday-school, and in in the July number and various arti- various organizations, as well as with cles in this number of the REVIEW will individuals there should be much furnish excellent material for bulle- prayer. A special hour's prayer tins. meeting may be held, based on this number of the REVIEW. Items of in- 16. Hold a I,atin-America Exhibit formation gleaned from various artiat the close of the courses of study cles may be given by different indiin the various organizations. The viduals, followed by prayer for the maps, pictures, charts and posters needs suggested, together with thankswill form an exhibit in themselves to giving. which may be ad~ed products furnished to us by Latin-American coun- Members who are unable at attend tries, and models of mission stations. may receive special requests to join As the study progresses exhibit sug- in the prayer in their homes, and suggestions will occur to various mem- gestions may be I,Plven to parents for bers of the class. subjects fOl' their family prayer, 17. Of course there should be gifts Every church should study" Prayer for Latin-American missions this and Missions" also this veal' and year. JliIany North American firms there should be throughout ou; land are opening their South American a .coordina~ion in mission study that branches. Big business men will con- WIll result III much prayer for the missider big propositions. Individuals sions in J…atin America. or groups may assume the support of a scholar or of an entire school. Do TEACHING WORLD OITIZENSHIP not say, "Nothing can be done," until you dare to undertake to do some- TO CHILDREN thing. THOMAS CONNOVER 18. There are many tours now which include Latin-American coun- From the hilltops of Galilee the tries. Enlist the interest of members great World Citizen, when yet a Boy, of your church in personal visitation could see the long caravans moving of mission stations. Many people go eastward and southward to peoples to South America without seeing any- for whom He came to live and die, thing of evangelical missions. See and on to the sea westward to bear that your members go on the tours the message of His love to distant that include the mission fields. After shores. So, in a little village of scarce a thousand souls among the hills of 5 New Jersey, we have gathered from fifty to a hundred children, who come

of their own accord, into a Vacation children have made. They can readily School, and there we have tried to see how much better town or com- teach them to be world citizens. From munity, they might have formed, if the hilltops of vision we have taken they had been given the vision of true them by train and by boat to visit Christian citizenship in their youth.

their brothers and sisters in desert HUrr,DING TITE STATE and mountain, forest and sea, and to claim them as fellow citizens in the During the second and third years great world community. the same method is pursued except CITIZENSIlIP IN THE MAKING that for the second year the citizens build a model of their State, and for After experimenting for ten or the third year the model of the Mall twelve years along the lines of the at Washington. When citizenship in ordinary Vacation School, where the the state is taught, not only is the Bible, music, play, scouting, manual state house built, but all the state in- work and various kinds of nature stitutions of charity and correction, study were taught, we developed a normal schools, colleges, training school in "Christian Citizenship," schools and the Cathedral, or what- covering four years and using largely ever symbolizes the Church working the project method. The first year is in the state and with the state for given to training our boys and girls their common wards. The citizens to be Christian citizens in the com- elect the governor, and the state legis- munity. A model village, or town, is lature, and they actually make laws actually built, occupying a floor space and sometimes pass them over the of twenty by thirty feet. As the boys governor's veto. The historic side and girls build the school, the church, also of the state is studied, its great the hospital, the library and town heroes and their contribution to the hall, the fire honse, they elect by nation and the world. Its play- popular vote their own boards of grounds and preserves are visited by Bducation, and of health, of church, post card or picture and again the and town government, 'fhey have Bible lessons are woven into the whole their mayor, their visiting nurses' scheme. For instance the seniors !lssociation, their street commis- study the miracles of our Lord as sioner, and other officials. Correlated the inspiration and guide for the with all this are their lessons from state's care of the tubercular, the the Bible, their note books in civics, blind, the defective and others in their playground work (where they special need. Again, when citizen- are taught as fellow citizens to give ship in the nation is taught during and take), their music, and their the third year, in connection with the " Citizens' Assembly. " This As- erection of our national capital, and sembly is an important feature of the the buildings that surround it, the school. After the opening march, citizens elect the president, and the hymn, and prayer, citizens bring vol- members of congress. The cabinet is untary gifts of flowers, pictures and formed and the post office, the army, stories which they have found to navy, and many such forms of na- adorn the town, or to interest their tional service are explained, among fellow-citizens. They are taught to them the life-saving stations along contribute something, however little the coasts showing the care of our it may be, to the community welfare. country for its citizens in danger.

All through the days of the school The national parks, some thirty- session of six weeks, they are uncon- seven in number, are visited by pic- sciously preparing in song and reci- ture, or story. Great nation builders tation for the final pageant given at of the Bible and these of other coun- the closing exercises, when their par- tries as well as our own are studied, ents and other adult citizens are and the parables of our Lord are asked to come to see the town these taught as containing the spirit of true

1925J BEST ME'J'HODS

In the town ot Bernardsville, rew Jersey~ from fifty to one hU1:'dred children gather In the summer fQf a. Dally Vacation School in Christian Citizenship. A fOUl' years' course bas been prepared dealing with oiUzenshlp In the commu.nlty. in th e state, In the nation and in the world. The illustration sho~rs lheir mod el ot tbe nation 's cap it!}i. 8!ld otb er government buildings ~rected by the boys and girls durlng the third year course.

Alt. Vernon Embassy White House Library S~nate BuUdings Potomac River St. John·. Church U. S. Treu•. Union Station Capitol Army & Navy Bldg. Patent 01llce National Museum Library Congress Lincoln Memorial ".Tash ington's Monument Pan Amer. High School Agriculture Bldg. Printing & Engraving Bldg. Red Cross D. A. R. Bldg.

Arlington Park Potomac

–, ~ Fol' their fourth year in ChrlsUan Cit1zenship. the boys and girls ot St. Bernard's Church, Bernardsville, New .Jersey. g ive th eir attention to c iti zensblp In th e world. The ir model ot the world with buildings and object s 01 s pec ia l inte rest suggests th e s plendid possibilities for training in w_orid citizenship afforded by this course.

N OR1'J{ AMERI CA.:- Alaska, Cburch , Anvik; EURO PB : Irel a nd: Mon u.s t ery, Iona : En g – Palcstin ~ : Holy L and, Cave Bethlehem, Sea land; House ~ a rJiam.ent , Westm in ~tcr ~ b – Ha.waii, Cable Sin.; Calif., Golden Gate, bey, London BrIdge; Scotl a nd: Un l~. Edm- Galilee. AFRI CA: Egypt : Pyramids ~ Statue Liv- LrniackCaOlblsa~e;rvWatoarsyl;inMgtiossnioMn'oSnaun~ eJnots; e ' Pana- ~~~~~~: ~~~:tnd;usu~:~~aJ:~g'ver~a~ft~: ~ Capitol ; ingstone. ASIA ~ Cbir, ese Wa ll , Bri dge : India: T'aj Statue Llberty; ' South America.; Chemical Spain: Statue Colum'l>us, Alh ambra; Ger- m a ny: :J niv. Berli~l; Ru~sia: Univ. Moscow; Bldg. Mahal; Japan: Temple of Wind.

1925'] BEST METHODS

democracy. The national council of Abraham, Moses (the Ten Command- the Church with its departments of ments being the law of universal missions, education, social service are brotherhood), Jonah, our Lord's say- studied and the session is closed with ings as to His relationship to the a pageant illustrating the spirit of world, the apostolic and later church King Alfred, Columbus, the Pilgrims, heroes with world visions, such as Washington, Lincoln, and other true St. Peter, St. Paul, Xavier, Damien, souls, seeking after and discovering Livingstone, Carey, Boone. On the the great principles of freedom as project map of the world are built found only in a citizenship built upon the great world monuments such as the brotherhood of man as taught us the Chinese Wall, the pyramids of by our Lord and Saviour, Jesus Egypt (symbols of exclusion and self- Christ. ishness) the Parthenon at Athens, BUn,DING A VORLD the Colosseum at Rome, Westminster All this very naturally leads up to Abbey (the shrine of world benefacthe course in World Citizenship given tors), the Louvre Gallery in Paris, in the fourth year, which perhaps the Suez and Panama Canals, the Lick would interest the readers of the MIS- Observatory in California, the Chemi- SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD espe- cal Laboratory in Peru, the statues cially and which is always the ulti- of Columbus in Spain, and Livingmate purpose of the school. At the stone in Africa, the Capitol at Washvery beginning, in the Erst year, there ington, the Peace Palace at The is hung before the boys and girls for Hague, and above all the Cross on their daily consideration our school Calvary-all these illustrating the banner, with a series of four circles, gift of art, discovery, law, peace and t.he inner circle representing a house divine love for the whole world. in the hills with a path leading into Again, on the playground the games the outer circles of the state, adorned of various nations are played and the with its coat of arms, the nation, WIth customs of children in other lands are the stars and stripes, and of the noted. The closing pageant consists world, resplendent wit!l the flagS of of the World on her throne, calling all nations. each nation before her to tell of its contribution to the common good of Perhaps some mormng aL assembly mankind. After each has told its a boy is asked what he had had for story, and the World seems still in breakfast. the dark, an angel bids Mothe~ Chnrch call the nations of the world "Eggs, butter, bread and cocoa," to the cave at Bethlehem and there, may be his reply. beholding the Light of the World, TIley all bow in adoration to the King "Where did you get them from?" of Love, and the Prince of Peace, is the teaeher's next question. in whom alone can all men every- where come into the fellowship and "The eggs, from the chicken coop, inheritance of the children of God the butter from a farmer, and bread and realize the joy and the glory of and cocoa from the store." being world citizens.

"But where did the bread and cocoa come from originally?"

"The bread from the wheat fields of Minnesota, and the cocoa from the trees of South America, or the West DENOMINATIONAL LOYALTY AND Indies. " INTERDENOMINATIONAL CO- OPERATION "Then your breakfast has obligated you to your community, your state, your country and the world. You On the closing day of the Blue have the whole world inside of you. Ridge Conference of the Missionary You truly are a world citizen." Education Movement, denominational The Bible stories are chosen to fit meetings were held in the early after- the world brotherhood idea, such as noon at which leaders had opportu-

nities to di8CUSS thoroughly with an eight-year-old boy and received in their delegates denominational plans the name of 111e congregation by the and programs. At the hour set for pastor. closing these meetings the bugler blew an assembly call. From various di- It suggested at least one missing rections seven denominational groups link in our missionary program. In marched to the large lohby of Robert many churches there is little knowl- FJ. Lee Hall to ;, Onward Christian edge and littl e interest on the part of Soldiers," played on a cornet. The the congregation as a whole in the leader of each group held aloft a card missionary activity of the boys and on which was printed a single word. girls. As the groups made a circle formation joining hands the leaders turned the On the other hand the boys and cards, so that the words were visible. girls frequently do not think of their They formed the sentence: "Weare Sunday-school or their Mission Band all one in Christ Jesus." as part of the congregation. There The hymn. "Blest Be the Tie That Binds Our Hearts in Christian Love" was sung. As a smaller circle of missionaries present formed inside the large circle, "Take My Life and Let It Be" was sung in consecration of life not only in mission service in the field, but in encircling support of those who stay at home.

THE MISSING LINK IN THE MIS- SUNDAY SCHOOL LINKED WITH CHURCH ACTIVITIES SIONARY PROGRAM WlJIlam Lohse presenting ono hundred In many congregations there are and thirteen dollars to Pastor Oliver D. various unrelated organizations with BaHzly. a special contribution from the unrelated missionary pro g ram s . primary departmE;'.nt for Ta.bitha Orphan Every missionary activity should be part of a unified plan of the church. Home.

No organization should work as are frequent opportunities for coorunto itself alone. Even if you have dination and cooperation. The chilnot heen able to have a church cabinet dren '8 organization may invite the or a missionary committee represent- congregation to an annual missionary ing all of the organizations of yoU!" exhibit. Sometimes a boy or girl may church, you can do some coordinating tell a story at a meeting of the conwork. The first Sunday in June was gregation or of some adult organiza- Children's Dav in Kountze Memorial tion, or present a poster or chart Lutheran Church of Omaha, Nebraska. showing some activity in which the It was also the "day of the big hail children are engaged. storm. " While the hail stones of unbelievable size were pelting late ar- Leaders who are on the lookout will rivals and breaking scores of win- see many opportunities for a closer dows in buildings and cars, through- relationship in the missionary activiout the city, a large congregation of ties of the varions organizations of children and adults were proceeding the church. with their morning service.

One of the suggestive features was the presentation of a gift of one hundred and thirteen dollars for a near-by orphan home, made in the /lame of the Primary Department by

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY UNDER THE SOUTHERN CROSS season was just over and we had char- By ELrZABE'!'H COLE FLEMING tered this hotel 'for the Congress. Three hundred and fifteen of us were On February 29th there sailed from there ten days in close fellowship. ~elV York on the S. S. Southern We represented eighteen nations of Cross a party of forty-five men and women from North America, most of the earth. whom had never before seen each This Congress marks a new era in other and who came from many states, but who were bound together by mu- the South American evangelical movetual love for the spread of Christ's ment. It was significant from the Kingdom in South America. first that Spanish was to be the lan- guage of the Congress. The leader- Each morning on the boat our party ship was turned over to the Nationals met for the study of one of the twelve and those of us who were unfortunate prepared reports dealing with vari- enough not to understand Spanish ous phases of work in South America. had to content ourselves as best we Not a little of the profit of this trip could in patience until the meager was due to our study before reaching translations were given us at the South America's shores. At Rio de close of each address. Janeiro we had our first glimpse of the wondrous beauties of this tropical There semed to be a remarkable land and the magnificent harbor unanimity as we discussed the variwhich is said to be the most beautiful ous reports which had been prepared in the world. Here we also received with so much care. The spirit was our first impressions of the need of altogether harmonious and forwardthis great continent. Luxurious as were the hotels and shops, Studebaker looking policies were created. taxis, and the broad boulevards stud- The most interesting features were ded with electric lights, we felt almost immediately the low moral standards the evening sessions called " The of the people. As women we seemed Night of the Open Heart." Here we hardly safe on the streets alone. The came in contact with distinguished whole atmosphere and the way men visitors who were outside the Catholic looked at us, reminded me of Moham- Church and as yet unwilling to unite medanism in India. The fact is with the Protestant Church. These Moslem influence has left its heavy so-called intellectllals were, however, hand upon Spanish customs to this willing to accept our invitation to day. Women of the better class do speak freely about things nearest to not go into the shops to buy-the their hearts as they bore with us a shops come to them. All life for deep desire for the uplift of their own women is restricted and balcony court- peoples. The most difficult problem ships are still maintained. to face was frankly stated by them, and recognized by us to be the fact that, as Prof. Nelson said in a power- ful address on The Moral Status in South American Life, "we are march- After a regional conference held ing under a discredited banner"-a here with the workers, we moved on handicap which we do not have in any to Sao Paulo and Santos and then by other country. Morality and Christi- boat to Montevideo. We soon found anitv have heen utterly unrelated in ourselves in the charming Hotel Poci- the presentation of Christianity which tos on the most magnificent stretch of has been given to them through the beach which I have ever seen. The Roman Catholic Church, so that they 807

quite honestly felt that they must turn for their lives of devotion and patient away from organized religion in order labor will cling in memory always. to attain to the ideals of purity. The trip up the West Coast by boat from Valparaiso was surprisingly in- There were very interesting women teresting, although we were in sight in this group of intellectuals-Drs. of the most arid and desolate region Cora Mayers of Chile, Senora de all the way to the Canal. One can- not fail to mention the extraordinary Johnson and Senora de Nelson. Their phenomena of bird life off the Peruvery presence among us was the vian coast and the glimpse of excelprophecy of a new day in their think- lent missionary work being done in ing as well as ours. They were recog- the city of Lima. Especially enthusinized for the first time as near allies astic were the part~' over the remarkin this great enterprise of bringing in ahle work of Dr. ][cCornack whose the better life. It was significant that hospital was famons all through South when their particular part of the pro- America. It was as if we had sudgram was over, they felt no desire to denly come into Paradise when one leave the Congress but stayed through morning we opened our eyes upon all the days with us in happy fellow- the luxuriant foliage of the Canal ship and learned at first hand that Zone. That day passing through the the hearts of the evangelicals were locks was one of the most interesting. large enough to include them, al- It seemed almost that we were home. though nominall~' Homan Catholics, in this close fellowship of Christ and His As I review the multitude of new group. One of the outstanding Latin impressions and sympathies which women said to one of our number, "I were awakened by the sight of this had no idea that the Protestant Chris- great Continent and our rapid trip tians were so broad. I have enjoyed around it, I must confess that I was more than I can tell you this confer- stirred most deeply by The Christ of ence and I want a copy of the Bible, the Andes. We spent four days bealso I want you to teach me how to tween trains at the highest point use it." where the railroad stops, in order that I shall not try to go into further we might on one of these days ascend detail of this great Congress for I by mule or wagonette to that highest must hurry on to give you just the point, almost thirteen thousand feet, sweep of the continent as we saw it upon which stands this most remarkand then my own most outstanding able monument in all the world. experience. When one reviews the history of From Montevideo we crossed the those days in 1900 when Argentine River Plate, forty-five miles wide, to and Chile were in dispute over their Buenos Aires, that great stirring boundary line, which involved 80,000 metropolis which is more Parisian square miles, one is not surprised to than Paris itself. Here more regional find they faced a situation of war conferences were held and for the which has become very familiar to us men and women members of our party of recent days. Immense sums of special hospitality was offered by the money were being put into battleships Y. W. C. A. with its large groups of and taxes which were sorely needed to secretaries, local and continental. develop physical resources and edu- Mter the Easter week spent in this cational facilities. Fortunately, there city, we crossed the .Andes to the west arose a man of vision who pleaded for coast, visiting Santiago and Valpa- the settling of this dispute not by war raiso, which are very different in their but by arbitration, and through sysold Spanish civilization from the pro- tematic efforts on the part of several gressive and Europeanized eastern who caught this vision, public opincoast. Many of us felt a charm about ion was aroused in both countries to Chile which was hard to explain. The such an extent that in 1903 a treaty warmth of cordiality extended by the was signed and this boundary line missionaries and ·our great admiration

1925J WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

fixed by King Edward of England. gerous for the mules, the ropes were As far as one can learn, this was the taken by the soldiers and sailors until first time in history that a boundary by the combined effort of beast and line between two countries had ever man they were able to place the figure been arbitrated. It was not enough of the Christ upon its great pedestal that this act be recorded in statc on the boundary line, one-half on Chilrecords. The soul of these people had ean soil and one-half on Argentine risen so high they wished to symbolize soil. In imagination one can see again the spirit of this "other way than the hundreds from each country who war" in some form so striking and came up on mule-back to witness the unveiling of this monument in 1904. THE CHRIST OF THE ANDES The Argentines took their position on On the boundary between Arti~lltina B:ud ChUe the Chilean soil and the Chileans on the Argentine soil, while the booming significant that all the world could see of guns and music resounded through and understand. And so the cannon those mountainsides, followed by solwere melted into bronze. An Argen- emn silence and the dedication of the tine sculptor moulded it into the fig- statue to the whole world as a lesure of the Christ and by gigantic feats son of peace and goodwill. of strength and courage, this great monument was conveyed on gun-wag- It is thrilling to stand under the ons from Mendoza at the foot of the shadow of this great bronze figure, Andes up those perilous steeps round twenty-six feet in height, upon its and round the spurs of these barren octagonal granite pedestal of twentymountains until it reached the very two feet. The Christ of The Andes highest point which was accessible supporting the cross in one arm and among the eternal snows. It is said stretching forth the other in blessing, that when the road became too dan- faces toward North America. There is nothing known in history which has for us today such a timely message as this-Chdst of the Andes. Not only did these two nations settle their boundary lines, but in a great act of faith pledged themselves to eternal friendship. One reads with awe the inscription on the bronze tablet be- neath: "Sooner shall these moun- tains crumble into dust than the peo- ples of Argentine and Chile break the peace to which they have pledged themselves at the feet of Christ the Redeemer. " If South America should have no other message for our world than this we still would say she has made her immortal contribution. In humility and in gratitude let us pledge our- selves anew to share with her our interpmtation and experience of the facts of life. She needs our living Christ for the plai.ns and we need her exalted Chri:;;t of the Andes! EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINr,,N, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, KEW YORK WEST INDIES German on the grounds of the Poly- By C. S. DETWEILER. technic Institute. 'rhis is we II attended and full of enthusiasm. The report of t.he Committee on West Indies, There is no doubt that this annual C. S. Detweiler, Chairman, a sub-committee of conference for Bible study, for deepthe Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, composed of representatives of :10me and foreign mission boards, ening of the spiritual life and for Porto Rico recreation, does much to keep the Porto Rico continues to be the one various churches working in close field in Latin-America where interde- harmony. nominational cooperation has been most successful and most advanced. The Evangelical Seminary in Rio The Evangelical Union, comprising Piedras held its sixth session. Each Reven out of ten Prote~tant denomina- year has demonstrated the wisdom of tions at wOllk on the island, reports for this united effort for training Spanthe year 1924 a total of two organized ish-speaking pastors. It has accomchurches with 13,000 members in full plished more in raising the standard communion; 383 Sunday-schools with of ministerial qualification than a total membership of 26,000; 190 would have been possible under the church buildings and total contribu- old system of separate schools. The tions for all purposes aggregating student body numbers thirty-nve, $60,871. These indicate only a part which is about the limit of the capacof the strength of Protestantism in ity of the present building. Of these Porto Rico. The growing influence of students one is from the Island of the Protestant element is seen in the Santo Domingo, and six from Venefact that their cooperation is sought zuela. Three or four additional in all projects for social welfare, and students would have come to the Semespecially cooperation with the public inary if there had been room for schools. A very large proportion of their enrollment in the Rio Piedras the Porto Rico school teachers are High School. With the overcrowded members of Protestant churches and condition of the public high schools, it a not inconsiderable number of them hal> become increasingly difficult for are teachers in our Sunday-schools. ministerial students who come from The Commissioner of Public Educa- the country where there are no high schools, to obtain the required prep- tion, the first Porto Rican to be ap- aration for the Seminary. It is a pointed to this high office by the Pres- notable fact that of the n~w students ident of the United States, is an active entering the Seminary only one does member of the Methodist communion. not qualify for the full diploma The Chief .rustice of the Supreme course. This means that we are soon Court of the island, while not a mem- to have on the island a native min- ber of any church, belongs to the istry measuring up to the full college whole evangelical body and has many and seminary standards of the United ti.mes given expression to his Chris- States.

tian faith from the platform and the Two advance steps have been taken pulpits of our evangelical churches. fluring the past year: property has heen pllrchased llPon which an ade- The Summer Conference, partici- qllate permanent plant can be built, pated in by all the ehnrches of the and the Seminary has been incorpo- Bv:mgelical Union ifl h~ld at San 81() rated, glvmg it the privileges and their responsibility as creators of pubprestige which an educational institu- lic conscience. tion ought to have. Haiti The Porto Rico Evangelical Press continues its usefulness in serving all The mission boards of the United the denominations. There is published States, functioning through the Comevery two weeks a paper that goes mittee on Cooperation in Latininto the homes of all our members America, have alJocated to Northern and promotes the spiritual unity of Baptists the primary responsibility all who name the name of Christ, for the evangelization of Haiti. Little besides being a power for righteous- by little it is being discovered that ness in the social life of the island. there is already a considerable body of Protestants on the island. The Cuba Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States has a number of Only three of the six leading Prot- churches in Haiti dating back from estant bodies are committed to the co- the efforts of Bishop Holley, a North operative program. These are the American Negro who began his work Presbyterians, the Northern Baptists in Haiti with a colony of freedmen and the Priends. The Northern Bap- about the time of our Civil War. tists and the Priends are in the east- Then there are a number of Baptist ern part of the island, about five and Wesleyan churches which owe llUndred miles distant from the Pres- their origin to missionaries from Engbyterians. In spite of this handicap land, who began their ministry as far a united summer conference has been back [1,81842. The Wesleyan Missionheld each year. ary Societv of Great Britain still maintains its work in Haiti. It has Rev. Sylvester ,Jones is secretary one English missionary as superinof the Cuban Committee on Coopera- tendent of a number of churches. tion. In Havana he has successfully This mission has not bp,en strong-ly developed the business of a bookstore, supported and at the present time not only making sales over the coun- their churches are weak. The directer, but also ministering through mail tors of the society in London have orders to all the churches of the expressed themselves as feeling that i"land. In addition to this he has now, since the American occupation, acted as the representative on the responsibility for Haiti should rest island of the International Associa- with the American boards. The Afrition of Daily Vacation Bible Schools ean Methodist Episcopal Church has and is promoting each summer the one representative and one church in work of these schools. He has also Haiti. Lott Carey Baptist Missionacted as Secretary of the Interde- ary Convention of the United States nominational Sunday-school Conven- has one missionary and one ehurch tion and has been active in temperance with several strong outstations. Then work. A leader of his type is neces- there are as many as twelve Baptiflt sary if all the Cuban evangelical churches of all degrees of strength, churches are to make common cause many of which have maintained their against social evils, and if they are life for years unaided by funds from to have united representation as an without. Most of their pastors nave essential element of the body politic. been self-supporting and therefore The Cuban Republic in its struggle have not had time to give to aggresto find itself and to overcome the sive evangelization of outlying reforces of political corruption needs to gions. The notable exeeption t(} this feel in an increasing way the power has been the work of Pastor L'HeriRof an enlightened Christian con- son in; .Tacmel, who has evangelized science. The Protestant churches of the countrv districts in the south of Ouba are beginning to appreciate the Repnbiic, built ten stone chapels

with a membership of about one thou- tendent on the field has under his sand, and with a total following of direction the various activities. There more than two thousand. Another are now on the field three English- aggressive leader has been a French- speaking couples, one each for evan- man who has maintained himself for gelistic, medical and social work, four thirty years in the village of Trou in English-speaking nurses, three Porto the North, and has been successful in Rican preachers and two Dominican training a number of Haitians of pastors, twelve Dominican student some education and standing. The nurses and a pharmacist. Organized American Baptist Home Mission So· churches with various activities are ciety is helping in the educational located in the capital, San Pedro de work of Pastor L'Herisson and has Macoris, La Romana, San Cristobal, taken over the responsibility for the and Barahona. The hospital in Santo work of the churches in the North in Domingo City has twenty-five beds, cooperation with this French brother, an extensive work in a baby clinic Pastor Elie Marc. Two missionaries and public dispensary, with weekly from the United States are now es- clinics in two other towns. The prop- tablished-one in Cap Haitien and erty consists of one central building, one in Grand Riviere-and four day valued at $50,000, a $15,000 auditori- schools have been opened. um, and a block of ground purchased It is a pleasure to report that the this year for a hospital site. The American Navy Department is help- annual budget averages $50,000. This ing Haiti in the organization of its does not include some $15,000 raised public finances, in its police, in its in Santo Domingo, mostly through public health and public works, and the hospital, or contributions from the more recently in agricultural educa- churches in Porto Rico.

tion. Our country has taken a man- The year just closed has been a re- date for the Republic of Haiti and is markable one both from the stand- discharging its responsibilities with point of this board's work and in the careful regard for the, feelings and life of the Dominican people. The susceptibilities of the Haitians. There Dominican: government has been re- is considerable discontent among the stored to the hands of the Dominicans lighter colored elements of the prin- themselves and reports indicate that cipal cities who have not the same the new government is developing opportunity as formerly to hold gov- hopefully. As soon as the United ernment positions. But the mass of States troops were withdrawn from the people on the island, who hereto- the country, it applied for and was fore have been exploited by their own admitted to membership in the rulers, are now receiving a protection League of Nations. The withdrawal and a care that they had never had of the United States Marines from before. Great improvement can be the Republic opens many new oppor- observed on comparing conditions tunities of service to the board. The after a period of three years. That spirHual message extended to these improvement has not been more rapid people through the various depart- is due to the necessary limitations im- ments of the board's program will posed upon American officers by the help them to work out their own sal- scanty resources of the Haitian vation. They want our help. The treasury. President of the Republic and other Santo Domingo prominent Dominicans expressed this The Board for Christian Wo~k in to members of the deputation who visited Santo Domingo in the winter Santo Domingo iR an incorporated of 1923-24. body representing five mission boards The visitation of this special depuwhich support this joint work. The tation to Santo Domingo contributed administration is carried on from the largely to a better understanding of office of the Committee on Coopera- the whole enterprise by both the tion in Latin-America, A superin- board and the workers on the field.

fROM MANY

LATIN AMERICA revealed an unexpected virility and Mexican Evangelicals Con:fer capacity for sacrifice on the part of To the fifteenth annual convention pastors and people alike. A Mexican of the evangelical forces in Mex- Missionary Society was organized and ico, lleld early in .J'lly in the city of defined its purpose as spreading the Pachuca, over thr()e hundred delegates Gospel and the organization of the came from all parts of Meldco, repre- Church throughout ~rexico and in senting ten different denominations. Although Y011th predominated, many other lan<ls. About $15,000 was sub- mini~ters and other experienced scribed by the memberR of the Annual cburch workers were present. The Conference and visitors on one eve- convention was a demonstration of ning, all designated as gifts to restore real demorracy, not only religiously, the cut in Mexico. Bishop Miller de- but also socially, for side by side sat clares that in his judgment the the peon, the doctor, the editor, the amount subscribed is as much for the railroad employee, the professor, the poor people who gave it as $100,000 •miner, and the Methodist bishop. could mean to the people of Cali- Democracy extended also to that most fornia. A noticeable feature reported difficult of relations, the racial, for by Bishop Miller is the entire absence Indian, mestizo and white man all met of complaint or criticism or censure of the American churches.

on an equal plane. '1'he convention took steps to organize the national Work in Jamaica A cvangelical assemhly, with power not MISSI0NARY of the "Internaonly to discuss but to legislate in all tional Home and .Foreign Mission matters of ('ommon interest to the Board of the Church of God in many denominations included in its Christ," Elder Alfred B. CunninO"- organization. " ivrexiean 'leaders as- ham, reports encouraging results in sure me," writes Arthur F. Wesley Jamaica, British IVest Indies. This in the Christian Century, "that this soeiety supports work among Negroes is the first official Rtep towards church in Panama City, Central America and union in Me.l'ico, which they hope will Jamaica. Its headquarters are in be a reality in a few short years." Portland, Oregon. Mr. Cunningham reports large, interested audiences of Mexican Missionary Zeal colored folk and many earnest in- BISHOP GEORGE A. MILLER quirers in their little church with its has deseribrd how the Methodists dirt floor. Street meetings are held in Meldco received the news of the and tracts are distributed. Sixteen fifty per cent cnt which the Board of were baptized in December and they Poreign lfissions proposed to make in have now a prayer band, a sewing appropriations for missionary work circle, a sick-visiting band and a in that country. It came just as they burial fund. They are endeavoring were beginning the celebration of the to save money to enlarge the church.

l<1.ftieth Anniversary of Methodist missions in their land. "It seemed Guatemalan Indians Won tbat the big cut in funds would su~ely MRS. H. A. BECKER, of the Cen- tral Ameri{~an Mission writes dampen the ardor of the celebratIOn. .f,rOomneSnaignhJtj,uacfatseTr oalipmowa~nrfGuul~tmeemsaslaag:e Not so. Rather did it seem a stimulus to heroic endeavor." It seems to have 813

in Cakchiquel, the Indian language, after the burning of the Bibles he two strong Indian men stood, raising called again to see her and she said their hands toward Heaven and sig- she could not bny a Bible because the nifying their desire to accept the priest had forbidden it and he would Lord. For more than a year one of get it and burn it. But she said, these men has been attending the ,'Please read me again those precious ~ervices occasionally and reading words you read me hefore," which he the Bible, so he was convinced of the did gladly. So great was their effect truth. He immediately went to the on her that she finally decided she government building and before the would huy the hook and keep it mayor and others he protested thus: hidden trom the priest.

'From now on do not count on me to take any part whatsoever in the Ro- Indian. Seek Education man Catholic religion. Henceforth THE Arancanian Indians of South my religion will be another, the Gos- America are eager for an educapel of our Lord .Tesus Christ.' The tion and gla(Uy make sacrifices such authority answererl, "Well, since there is no law to compel you, you are free as few North American Indians or to follow the relig;ion of your choice.' white personswonld make to obtain This man is a son of one of the wealth- one. Arriving at t.he boarding schools iest old Indians 01 San Lucas. The conducted by the J;~nglish missions, other Indian who gave testimony they bring with them a sheep skin, seems to he hold, also. Yesterday an and blankets of their own make for old sick Indian man carne to my home, their bed, and a supply of cracked and during our conversation said, {,,'Tain, beans, peas, together with a 'Pedro de Paxan has been preaching limited amount of dried meat for the Gospel to my son and has been food. This is prepared by the stuinviting him to attend the meet- dents themselves, working in groups ings.' " over open lires in small cook houses built in native style. According to .Miss Edith M. Dabb, director of the Bibles Burned in Costa Rica "T. Indian Department Ot the National ABIBLE Jnstitute building for men Board, Y. C. ~-., who has just re- students has been erected in turned from a three months' study Costa Riea b~" Mr. Strachan and ag- of the South American Indian, during gressive work is being carried on. which time she attended thE' mission- The students have gone about the ary congress at iUontevideo, the greatcountry selling Bibles and Testaments p"nd doing itinerant evangelistic work. est need Clmonl! the Indians of Latin Almost invariably they have found, Amelrica is increased opportunities ~ays the Latin Amm'ican Evangelist, for education with an agricultural that the people were told by the priest to gather up the hooks of the Protes- emphasis, and health education. The tants and burn them, or tear them in Auraucanian Indians have progressed pieces. In one place where they had the farthest and are not unlike the met many who became interested in Indians of this cOlwtry. They are all the Gospel the priest, on finding that eager and ambitiou.'! for an education and are generally considered citizens in I!ood standing.-American Priend.

some had boug;ht Bibles and Scripture portions, ordered them all to be burnt, Believers Outside the (lhurch A which was <lone in the schooL Right N important group in Brazil and other I,atin American countries in front of this building, which by the way, serves as town hall, barrack, is composed of those persons, chiefly dance hall, "te., lives a woman with of the cultured class, who have to a whom one of the students had been greater or lesser extent broken with speaking ann to whom he had read a the Roman Catholic Church, and who portion of Luke's gospel. 'fhe day are profoundly dissatisfied with what

1921>J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

they have found in the materialistic dians, are snbsidized and the travelphilosophy in which they took refuge ing expenses of a national traveling on their reaction from Romanism. evangelist are cared for. Beside this Many of these are manifesting a deep there is some money spent for literaspiritual hunger and some of them ture and clerical expense.

are trying to take refuge in beliefs like Spiritualism and Christian Sci- Two Pictures from Brazil W ence. Some of them declare them- REGINAI,D WHEEIJER, Sec- oretary of the Hoard of Foreign tlelves believers in' Christ as the great spiritual Teacher of mankind, but do lIissions of the Presbyterian Church not see their wav clear to come into in the U. S. A., who has returned Protestant churches because, as they from a recent trip through Brazil, deallege, they do not understand the scribes two contrasting scenes. The denominational divisions, and because first is the city of Bahia, "the oneof the lack of those things in Protes- time capital of the country and the tant worship with its severe simplicity center of the slave trade, and of the that appeal to the msthetic side of the power of the Roman Church. Bahia I,atin temperament. The time has today with 99 per cent of its populahas come for earnest study of the tion oj' 300,000 black descendants of problem how to approach this class those people of Africa brought bound with the gospel message, and how to to its shores, with 80 per cent illiterremove the difficulties that seem to ates, with over 50 per cent of illegitistand in the way of their enlistment mate births, with over 70 per cent of in the work of the Church. The Com- its male population contaminated by mittee on Cooperation has been trying venereal disease, is still the stronghold to arrange for lecture courses of an of the Roman Catholic Church, and interpretative .:and non-controversial through four centuries has received character by outstanding Bible no true cleansing or light from those teachers, as one method of reaching in authority in that church." them. Emphasis placed on the best The second de'Scription is of the culture and trai.ning in the mission- fidelity and courage of the Crentes, aries sent to Latin American fields t.he believers, who live along the should also bring results. Ponte Nova roael. "Like the early Christians, they live surrounded by Chilean Missionary Society hostile and unfriendly communities.

THIS organization, .founded in 1918 It is a long and lonely trail that the by the nati.onal pastors of the Protestant must follow in the tropics Methodist Church in Chile at the sug- of Brazil. But along that trail, if one gestion of Bishop W. F. Oldham, has has eyes to see, are apparent the developed into a powerful evangelical springing up of seed sown in prayer force within the country. Its avowed and faith years ago."

object is ultimatel~' the self-support of the entire present work in Chile EUROPE and the evangelization of the whole Union Movement in Scotland T republic. It is wholly managed with- HE progress made toward the union of the various branches of out the intervention of missionaries from abroad, thollgh working in com- Methodism in :England was reported plete harmony with the missionary in the June REVIEW. Now a decided forces. The first year the budget was advance toward the reunion of the 1,300 pesos, while in 1924 it was 14,- Scottish churches has to be recorded.

000 pesos. Four workers are main- By an almost unanimous vote–only tained, three of them in situations six dissenting-the Church of Scot- into which the mission itself had not land, .• in a scene of great enthu- been able to extend its work. In addi- siasm, " adopted the Report of the tion, three small schools, one for In- Committee on Property and Endow-

ments of the Church, and reappointed Gleaner, "is commended to others the Committee to continue conference who have been prevented from going with the representatives of the United to the mission field." }<-'ree Church, with a view to submitting recommendations to next As- Czecho-Slovakia and the Vatican sembly as to the course of the further procedure. The United Free Church, THE Papal Nuncio left Prague on after a three hours' debate, adopted July 6th, and the Czech Minister by an overwhelming majority the de- to the Vatican left Rome two days liverance of its Committee on Con- later. The immediate occasion of the ference with the Church of Scotland. break was the presence of President Evangclical. Chr'isiendom, comment- Masaryk and the Prime Minister at ing on the characteristic and "steady the 510th anniversary of .John Huss, determination" with which the Scot- who was burned at the stake by the tish churches are carrying on this Council of Constance in 1415. On movement, says: "They have made the' day of the celebration the Hussite up their minds to unite, and have flag was hoisted over the President's learned so much from recent ecclesias- castle. The prompt recall of the tical history that they make haste Papal Nuncio is called by the Chrisslowly, and run no risks of any tian Advocate "a sidelight on the schism that may make their union growing arrogance oE the Roman something !lhort of a complete unifica- Catholic Church in its political manition in all respects of the two festations." T he Christian Century, churches.' , however, states that his withdrawal was occasioned by the introduction A Loyal "Detained Volunteer" into the Chamber of Deputies of Czecho-Slovakia of a series of laws THE English Baptist Missionary seeking to restrict the influence of the Society has recently told the story Roman Catholic Church in that counof how a man who applied to be sent try. These provide for state educato the Congo, but was rejected for tion. ' 'Confessional schools, from the health reasons, has proved through elementary up to the university, shall the years the sincerity of his mission- be no longer tolerated," and the marary purpose. He decided to go into riage ceremony in church will have no business, and devote all his profits to longer any civil effect. Civil marriage the society. This was ten years ago, will be introduced, and it will precede and already he has donated £25,000. the religious ceremony. The man was twenty-five years of age when the doctor refused to pass him. AFRICA He said: "I have £75 in loose money at the present moment. I will give it. Christian Books in Egypt As I cannot work myself, the money shall work for me." Though he be- SUNDAY-SCHOOL libraries for gan in business without any capital, reference and special study, made the next year he gave £480, the third up of a few selected volumes from year £1,000, the sixth year £3,000, and America and the nine Sunday-school the tenth year £4,908. In the year of handbooks published in Arabic by the his marriage the subscription was W orId's Sunday School Association, £3,963. He wrote that probably sub- have been placed in the Church Missequent gift~ would not be so large; sionary Society'S Girls' High School, but, as a fact, the next donation was Cairo, and also in the American Misincreased. In order to live, he pays sion Girls' High School at Luxor. A himself a salarv. His books are new branch of eyangelistic work bas audited by the so·ciety, which gets the been taken up by the World's Sunday benefit to the last penny of the profits. School Association secretaries in "The incident," says the C. M. 8. Egypt, in providing illustrated books on the life of .Joseph and the life of

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Christ for use among the patients in an item in the latest issue of the the large hospital of the Church Mis- Egypt General Mission News states sionary Society in Old Cairo. This that a leading man from that very plan will be carried forward during district had just been in Addis Abeba, the coming year in the American Mis- the capital of Abyssinia, to answer to sion hospitals of the United Presby- charges made against him; the Mosterian Church at Assiut and 'ranta. lems accused him of saying that This is an extension of the Sunday- Christ was the Son of God, and the school idea into hospital wards with c:>rthodox ,Abyssinians accused him of the result that the patients upon leaving for their homes take with them a forbidding the worship of saints. The message in simple Arabic language missionaries found him to be a learned and with attractive illustrations. The man, steeped in the Scriptures, and Word of God is thus carried into with a ehilrUike faith that had no villages far up the Nile and the doubt as to the I,ord's presence with crowded cities of the Delta. him in his trial; and there were fifty more Moslem converts awaiting his return to be baptized.

Love Will Win Moslems THE Nile Mission Press reports the Maganga a Year Later Eollowing experience of one of its colporteurs: "As he was selling out- REV. C. E. PUGH, an English Bapside a mosque,. those who had been to tist missionary at Yakusu, in the pray came ont led by three sheikhs. Belgian Congo, has had the satisfac- One of them, who had been educated tion of seeing great changes as the at the EI-Azhar, started a discussion result of one year's work. He writes with him about Christ. Naturally, of a visit to Maganga, the village of the crux of the conversation centered a chief named .i}Iirambo: "Last year around Christ's death. One of the we offered him and his people a sheikhs became very angry and asked teacher-evangelist to teach them the the people to leave, but the crowd wno palaver of the Book. Here stands a had gathered and the two other good schoolhouse, with the scholars sheikhs asked the first one to give decorously standing at attention as proofs if he conld. He was unable to we enter. 'When the service and exsatisfy them. Our colporteur men- amination of the school are over we tioned that, praying in his heart for pass out with hearts filled with gladthe one who had become angry, he ness. Twelve months ago nobody in kissed the angry man's hand and left. that village knew his letters. We have The sheikh followed him, and he had just been listening to two little fellows another four hours' talk with this reading the Gospel fluently in the man. In the end tears coursed down hearing of their amazed and delighted the Moslem's cheeks, and he asked parents. And fifteen others will soon forgiveness for his rudeness, saying, be readers . . . Mirambo and I have 'If all Christians explained Christian- Just concluded a jerky conversation ity as yon have done, we would all in an unaecustomed language. He believe.' " has got as far as this: That the matters of God as we state them are Abyssinian Moslem Converts good, and that the White-men of God are different from other White-men."

THE story was told in the REVIEW Government Praises Medical Missions for November, 1924, of a Moslem district in Abyssinia where a promi- ACOMMISSION appointed by the British Government to inquire nent sheikh had been brought to God into native education in Southern simply through reading the Scrip- Rhodesia has commended the medical training given in Old Umtali and in tures, and seven thousand of his peo- Mutambara by missionaries of the ple had been influenced through him. His death checked the movement, but 6

Methodist Bpiscopal Church, and the week, find the old weeds terribly made the following recommendations: ready to sprout, then how must the (1) Missions should be encouraged to poor African fare with his quarterly employ qualified tmheedpicuarpl omseissshioonualdrieas~ouanntd sermon 1" – grants in aid for to at least $1,250 per annum for each such THE NEAR EAST medical man. Three Moslems Baptized (2) A grant of £100 per annum should THE outstanding event of the con- ference of Christian and Missionbe made in respect of each approved nurse. ary Alliance workers, held in .Jeru- salem in March, was the baptism of (3) The mission should receive a grant three Mohammedans, men of mature age from influential families, who for of £5 per annum in respect of each native some months had been openly testify- ing for Christ, notwithstanding pergirl receiving approved training as a nurse. secution. They had suffered personal violence, but had been protected by (4) Drugs and dressings should be sup· government intervention. In accord- ance with present laws, the men had plied, or an allowance in lieu thereof to mis- appeared before the Government and declared their intention of becoming sions at which a medical man or qualified Christians, after which they were registered as Christians. Leaders of nurse is posted_ In addition, simple medical their old faith did all in their power to turn them back to Mohammedansupp.Hes shouli! be given for use by partly ism, but they stood true to Christ. The zealous Egyptian evangelist, qualified or even unqualified missionaries. without consulting the missionaries, han Arabic announcements uf the (5) Although the provision of buildings service printed, bearing the names and addresses of the men to be bappresents difficnIties, we regard the matter as tized, and distributed them through- out the city, chiefJy to Moslems. When being of sufficient importance to recommend the hour of service arrived, the in- trepid evangelist was at the door. with that the f:toYcl'llment should contribute· to- his smiling face and demanded all heavy canes. 'l'hose who demurred wards suitalJle hospital accommodations and saw some officers of the Public Safety Department, and handed over their equipment, particularly in the case of proved canes to be kept during the service, which was a quiet blessed one. institutions such as the hospital at Old Um- tali, which is badly in need of snch ac- commodatio)!. • Other phases of the Methodist work in Rhodesia were described in the .rune REVIEW.

Weeds, Natural aud Spiritual Turkish School RegUlations VICTOR EVENING, of the Heart THE increasing number of Turkish of Africa li[ission, writes of the students in American mission rapid growth of African vegetation, schools was reported in the September so that "if one is to raise crops, if REVIEW. On the other hand, the one is to keep open a road, then one Turkish Nationalists are attempting must weed ceaselessly. So it is in to regulate all foreign schools. Chrisspiritual matters. r;i the Botongwe tian WGt'k says: "They have furdistrict, which bas twenty chiefs, bidden the school authorities to comthere are 40,000 souls scattered pel tlie pupils to attend chapel and through an area of about 1,000 square even asked them to prohibit Turkish miles_ And there are exactly two students from attending purely volunwhite missionaries and one native tary Christian religious exercises. evangelist to let them hear the Glad News! Supposing' one of these two white missionaries shonld du nothing else but trek all the time, at the very least three months must elapse between each visit to a chief. How can we keep the weeds under this way? . . . How would you like it if you were unable to read and write and had no Bible, and heard the Gospel once every three months ~ Would you do much growing in grace ~ If Christians at home with their Bibles and two services every Sunday, to say nothing of prayer meetings and Bible readings and special missions during

1925J NEWS FROM MANY LAKDS

'l'hcv ha,'c dccreen that in addition to vised its laws regarding the foreign Turkish instruction, which is com- schools, for the express purpose of pnlsory, an institution may teach a welcoming Ameriean institutions that student only on'l principal foreign had been operating in Asia Minor.

language and one secondary cultural language. That may sound reason- Mrs. Shedd's Work Today T able. But the term 'cultural lan- HE devotion of the late Dr. W. A. Shedd and his wife to the perseguage' includes only the great European tongues, not Armenian and Greek. The American colleges in cuted Persian Christians during the 'furkey have always given their Greek World War will never be forgotten and Armenian pupils instruction in by those who knew them. Mrs. W. P. Ellis, in writing to friends in this their own tongues. The new rules, at least for the immediate present, will country, tells of Mrs. Shedd's present put an end to such teaching. In ad- work and the love of the people for dition the Turks will not allow the her: ' 'The work among the Chris- tians of the villages has been largely schools to use a geography which shows 'Armenia' on any map-there carried on by Mrs. Shedd, widow of is no such place. as they say-nor our beloved Dr. Shedd. Her heart is will they allow any slighting remarks bound up with the people and, all through the hitter cold of this winter, On Turkey in any history or geog- she has toured, living in the indescribraphy used in a school within Turkish ahly poor homes of the people, carryborders. " ing with her her own traveling kit.

She gathers the villagers together in Anatolia Follows Refugees the big family room that serves all ONE of the pioneer educational in- purposes, and there she speaks to stitutions founded by the Amer- them in their own tongue, be they ican Board in 'l'urkey, Anatolia Col- Syrian or :.{ohammedan. Here in lege, did a great work for many years before the World War. Now, in order these villages, living for weeks at a to meet the new situation created by time, she learns their physical as well the movement of nearly 1,500,000 as their spiritual needs and ministers refugees, the trustees of the college to both as far as she can. She also have voted to relocate it in the prov- supervises our village schools and ince of Macedonia, Greece, near the enters most fully and sympathetically city of Salonica. The college is oper- into the life of the people. She enating now in an effective way on a dured with them the long and terrible three-year plan in rented buildings flight and suffered with them inesin Salonica. This service began in timable loss and now takes her place January, 1924, with a small student among them as comforter, adviser and Bible teacher. "

body, which jumped to 150 last September, with another 100 eager appli- INDIA, SIAM AND MALAYSIA cants refused for want of room. Prohibition in India T Nearly all are refugees. By race, HERE is an insistent and growing demand in the Indian Empire for ninety are Greeks and sixty Armenians, with a few representatives of Al- prohibition. Resolutions of various bania and Russia. The classes are representative and important confer- those of the preparatory department ences have nrged it. The Christian and the freshman year of the pioneer papers are now giving much space to college, which is beginning life over prohibition news. The various provin- again. A good teacher group of seven cial legislativeeouncils have debated Americans, fonr Greeks, and two Ar- the subject. It has become a genuine menians prove admirable for the issue in modern politics. The discus- instruction needed at present. Mean- sions have shown a strong minority in time, the Greek Government· has re- each council that prohibition should

be adopted as the goal of excise policy, Rating Charaeter in Kashmir T and the Government of Bombay in a HE character-building features of the school for Brahmin and Mosresolution reviewing the report of the Excise Committee, dated February lem boys conducted by the Church 12th, was the first provincial govern- , Missionarv Society at Srinagar, Kashment to declare that "the ultimate mir, especially the ePlphasis placed object of its excise policy is total pro- 011 social service, have been more than hibition. " Since Buddhism and Mo- once pointed out in the REVIEW. hammedanism both forbid the use of The school is also unique, according liquor, Rev. Herbert Anderson of Cal- to the following item, in the way it cutta thinks that .. if only the real keeps record of its progress toward judgment of the vast majority of the its ideals: "gach boy has a page in the people can be made to prevail, pro- school register to himself and three hibition is assnred." He points out, times a vear his standing in mind, however, some of the reasons why the body, a:r{d soul is carefully written British GovE'rnment is not supporting down under the following headings: such a policy, chief among them be- iWind: English, Urdu, Persian, Sansing the fact that in most provincial krit, mathematics, history, geography, governments excise taKes form at least caligraphy, general knowledge. Body: a fifth of the revenue. A meeting has gymnastics, boating, swimming, crickbeen called for ,Tanuary 29-31, 1926, et, football, manual labor. &ml: in Delhi, for the organization of a obedience, respectfulness, truthful- Prohibition League of India, plans ness, honesty, pluck, unselfishness, for which are being carefully made. good temper, esprit de corps, duty to Hinduizing the Ohurch neighbor, deportment, self-control, cleanliness, tidiness, attendance, punc- V CHAKKARAI, until recently tuality. '1'he principal '8 sigllature is • editor of the Christian Patriot, of not added to this report until the boy Madras, has issued an ap.peal for R'!. assents to the truth of the marking.

15,000 to build "a Christian temple If a boy considers that he has not to which men of all sects and denom- been fairly treated by his teachers inations will have access for the wor- the whole class is asked to decide the ship of the 1Jord." Both Christians question. In several instances boys and non-Christians are asked to con- have considered themselves marked tribute, and the latter are appealed too high."-8oufhern Workman.

to in order "to see Christianity in India freed from foreign control and The Need in Oeylon costume. " The editor of the Indian STATISTICS given by the National Witness in Lucknow, while speaking Chl'istian Council Review regardwith respect of Mr. Chakkarai, and ing the popUlation of Ceylon illusexpressing his sympathy with any- trate forcibly the need for united thing "that may reyeal Christ more Christian missionary effort in that clearly to anyone," comments: difficult field. '1'he total population The most serious danger before the ,Church of the Island in 1921 was 4,504,549, in India torlav is not foreign control. That with a density of 178 to the square mile. Of this number 67 per cent are '" a diminishing factor. Foreign control is Sinhalese, 24.9 per cent Tamils (more being relaxed, perhaps somewhat grudging- ly in a few instances, and too slowly in some others, but surely, and on the whole than half of them Indian Tamils), rapidly ana possibly too rapidly in a few 6.3 per r,ent Moslems. In its numitlstances, where Indian leadership has not bers, the Christian Church in Ceylon been developed. If Indian leadership is not is failing even to keep pace with the available, leadership and even control .by Christians who have come from foreIgn growth of the population, for it sho~s lands is undoubtedly better than no leader- an increase of only 8.4 per cent, whIle ship all rl no control. A far graver danger the population has increased by 9.6 before the Church is that it may be Hin- per cent. The total Christian comduized. •

192/ii] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

IDUnity noW numbers 443,400. Of almost doubled and the number of these, 83 per cent are Roman Catholic. earnest inquirers is large and steadily increasing. The mission press at Ha- Moravian. in Tibet noi had an output for the year of over THE Moravian workers in their 10,000,000 printed pages. Seventy- West Himalaya mission report: four thousand Scripture portions, "Both in Lahoul and Upper Ladakh 3,500 New Testaments, 300 Bibles, strange undercurrents of new life and 66,000 tracts and 20,000 Christian thought are noticeable. At Kyelang books were sold and distributed. The the experiment of dispensing with the translation of the Old Testament into services of their lamas for a month Annamese was completed, the New has been made by the people. The Testament having been translated the result was to be watched, and further previous year, and the entire Bible action taken after that. It is also will be printed before the close of known that the people of Leh begin 1925 for the first time. Yet in spite of all this progress, there is only one to set their lamas examples of Chris- missionary on the field for every miltianity, when involved in discord over lion people. some pojnt~ re'1uiring settlement in their own aft'airs. Dissatisfaction with the unscrupulous methods of the CHINA "I lamas is no rare OCCUrl"ence any Gunboat. and the Gospel more, and acts groping for light be- T would be well for our mission- come more pronounced each year." ary work if the gunboats were Rev. H. Kumick writes of three less in eyidence in port," says the Ladakhis who were sent out on an Rev. William A. .lTeCurdy, a mission- evangelistic tour; "The men selected ary of the Mcthodist Episcopal for this work have made a good start. Church in Chungking, West China, They were given a three months' in a report to the Board of Foreign course of training to begin with. Af- Missions. ., In all the trouble of these ter that they were sent out without months we have persistently refused, delay. Their training will be contin- in face of thc advice and urging of ued each successive year, in order to our Chinese associates, to ask the qualify them thoroughly for their American consul for protection for posts. Eight long-distance evangel- either our homes or our churches. It istic tours, either by themselves or in is hard to preach the gospel of love, company with missionaries, were ac- the gospel of a common Heavenly Facomplished by them duriI,lg the year. ther, and at the same time have gun- And beside this they have been out boats in port to shoot up these our preaching in localities in and near brothers, if they mistreat us. It is Leh. In this way the Gospel was car- difficult to preach Christ when we ried systematically to the farthest ourselves apparently follow Him so ends of our district. Great numbers far off. 'rhey charge us with not beof people have thus heard it in their lieving or acting as we preach. When own homes." .shall we be Christians enough to make Progress in Indo-China our words ring true? "-Christian Century.

WHEN the Christian and Mission- ary Alliance began its work there General, a Local Preacher in 1911, French Indo-China was an unoccupied field. During 1924 656 AN item appeared in the July REnew converts were baptized, bringing VIEW entitled "Another Christhe total number of baptized Chris- tian General." 'rhere is still another, tians in good standing up to 1,678. for General Wu Ching-piaD, Commis- Twelve new out-stations were opened. ~ioner of Defense of the Eastern Ki- The offerings of the native churches angsi Province, China, has just re- ceived a license as local preacher in

the Methodist Episcopal Church, ac- Delegates, and it was resolved that cording to word received by the Board opportunity should be given to of Foreign ~fissions of the Methodist women as to men (duly qualified and Episcopal Church from Dr. Earl A. approved by the Bishop) to speak in Hoose, Kiukiang, China. General Wu consecrated or unconsecrated build- was formerly Commissioner of De- ings, and to lead in prayer at other fense of Kiukiang, but his headquar- than the regular and appointed serv- ters had recently been moved to ices of the Chllrch. It was also Nanchang. General Wu has been a stated that deaconesses were to be en- professed Christian for many years titled to seats and votes in the coun- but only recently has he joined the cils of the Church on the same foot- Methodist Episcopal Church. He has ing as deacons."

been a very liberal giver to various missionary enterprises, principally Christian College Graduates t.he Rulison Girls' School, the College Church Mission in Jaochow and fam- SOMETHING of the influence of ine relief work in Nanchang. General Christian colleges on the life of ,Tu has a daughter whose preliminary China is indicated in a recent report education was received in mission of the present occupation of 3,284 schools in China. She is now in col- graduates of thirteen Christian college in America. The General expects leges and universities in the country, to visit the United States in a few made by the China Christian Educayears when' he retires. tional Association to the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Wom..n in the Chinese Church Episcopal Church. While only 164 of the graduates are engaged in the THE enlarging place given to Chi- active ministry, 353 are in social-reli- nese Christian women by the vari- gious work, 821 are teaching in Chrisous denominations has been indicated tian schools and 197 in non-church from time to time in the RE:vIEW. schools. The medical profession Mrs. Alfred A. Gilman, of Hankow, claims 333 of t.he graduates, law writes of this -progress in the missions claims 14, engineering 13, agriculture of the Protestant Episcopal Church; and forestry 75, public office 98, busi- ness 400. Forty-seven of the gradu- "The English diocese of North China has been among the first to grant ates were studying in other instituequal privileges to men and women, tions in China and 156 were studying both Chinese and foreign. Deacon- abroad when the report was made. esses and women catechists as well as Sixty-seven· were engaged in occupalay women are eligible for member- tions other than those just listed, ship in each District Council, in the while 496 were not reported. Cathedral Council, the Boards of Missions, Finance, :Education and Missionary Vetel'ans Honored Medicine, as well as in the Standing Committee and the Diocesan Synod. MANY graduates of the medical Tn 1922 the Synod of the Hankow. school earried on by the Church diocese gave to foreign women work- Missionary Socilty at Hangchow, ers, Chinese graduate women nurses, Chekiang Province, where Dr. and Chinese women teachers and Chinese Mrs. D. Drmcan )Iain have com- Bible women and deaconesses, equal pleted forty-four years of service, met representation in the Synod with male for a three days' conference in May. workers of the same type. Women They fixed the time to ineIude Mrs. were also declared eligible for elec- Du~ean Main's seventieth birthday tion on the Diocesan Executive Coun- (aceording to Chinese reckoning), cil. At the 192-1 meeting, women because they wanted to show their were aeelared to be equally eligible appreciatio~ of her friendship and witli men for election to the House of service during so many years. A spe-

NEWS FROM. MANY LANDS

cial service in the hospital chapel was JAPAN-KOREA arranged by the Graduates' Associa- "Friends 01 Jesus" Movem.ent I tion, and then came some presenta- N the fall of 1921, a Christian order tions. Forty men who had been was organized by fourteenProtesthrough the medical, pharmacy, or tant people in .Japan. The Japanese maternity school, and who now live Student Bulletin reports that since in Shanghai, brought an exquisitely then the membership has rapidly in- embroidered picture in a frame, a creased, and now it reaches nearly silver rose bowl, and two satin cush- 2,000. It is an interdenominational ions. The men living in Hangchow organization having its members among various denominations and unpresented Mrs. Main with a silver churched people. lesu-no-Tomo tray, teapot, cups, knives, and forks, K.ai, or Friends of Jesus, is the full and a shield bearing the Chinese char- name of t.he order. At the time of acters: "Long Life and Happiness. " the great earthquake, the Tokyo The next day a marble tablet was un- branch of this order did wonderful veiled in the assembly hall of the med- social service and engaged in relief ical college to commemorate Dr. Dun- work under the leadership of Toyocan Main's great work. hiko Kagawa. Fr'iends of Jesus Bul- A Dauntless Colporteur letin, their monthly organ, reveals their untiring service in various THE spirit of adventure which Rev. phases as an expression of their de- J. Huston Edgar, F.R.G.S., car- votion to the spirit of Jesus. The order has five points of life as adries into the work of selling Christian mittance requirements, namely, (1) literature on the Tibetan border was Personal Piety in .Jesus, (2) Love of described in the July, 1924, REVIEW. Labor (Intellectual and Manual, (3) The China Inland ]Iission Report for Actual Participation in Social Serv- 1924 says this of him: "In the year ice, (4) Purity, and (5) International Peace. The rrokyo Friends of Jesus he has sold and distributed 102,000 tracts in Tibetan, 50,000 books in Ti- keep their Sunday morning service betan, and another 21,500 books in at six in the Y. lVI. C. A. Assembly Chinese, making a total of 173,500 Hall, and engage in various kinds of copies. In the circulation of these he lService, such as nursing the sick, visithas spent 181 days away from home ing the inmates of prisons, preaching upon roads that are rough indeed, he at street corners, and studying the has traversed nearly 1,000 English actual city problems.–Presbyterian miles on mountainous tracks, and has Sttrvey. reached thirty times at least an alti- tude varying from 14,500 feet to Mother's Day in Japan 16,000 feet. Dangers from robbers, from the fiercest of dogs and other THE visit of the F]mpress of Japan vicious beasts, have been an almost to the girls' school of the Doshisha daily experience. He has bivouacked in Kyoto, and her reverent attitude in the pouring rains among those pre- during the morning prayer service, cipitous hills, spent one night on a were described in the ::Harch REVIEW. bog at an altitude of 14,000 feet in Her Majesty has had another point of drenching rain, slept fOll six nights contact with the Christians in Japan in soaked bedding and for eight days in an incident related by ]Jiss Jeane wore drenched clothing. Amid such Nordhoff, missionarv of the Reformed scenes-and we cannot tell half his Church in America ~ "Since Mother's story-he found the lamas and people Day this year fell on May 10th, the uniformly friendly, and testifies that day on which all .Japan observed the love and the Golden Rule were uni- silver wedding anniversarv of the Emversally understood." peror and }<Jmpress of' Japan, the members of the Mothers' Association

bethought themselves of the rare priv- At a meeting held in 'l'okyo not long ilege that might be theirs of present- since of the National Committee and ing a gift to Her Majesty, as the tbe Secretaries, tbe Japanese women Mother of the Nation. They asked presided with ease and dignity and and gained permission to present a the qucstions discllssed were of nasilver basket of twenty-five carna- tional importanee, some even world tions, accompanying it by an en- problems. It was decided that each graved letter, and a specially pre- person should speak in her own lanpared copy of the sermon called guage. 'l'he Japanese women all un- 'lI{)ther,' which was being sent to all derstood English so well there was no the Christian churches for the ob- need of interpreting into Japanese for servation of .Mother's Day in Japan. them. Some of the new American Her Majesty is very much interested secretaries needed to have the Japain the welfare of her people, and not l1e~e explained to them. Miss Gaines unacquainted with Christianity and of Hiroshima writes: its teachings, and we feel that this gift from the Mothers' Association of I have never attended a meeting where .Japan was highly appreciated." lonsiness was dispatched more promptly or efficiently. The borty of women gathered Japan Evangelistio Band there had a world vision of the need of the Gospel in every country and among every THIS organization has been at work class. As I heard these earnest Christian more than twenty years. Its wOlllen discussing ways and means and lay· members, drawn from various Prot- ing broad and far·reaching plans, I said: estant denominations, have united to "Surely the Lord has great work for these do evangeli<;tic work in their native Christian women of .Tapan. " With very land. James Cuthbertson, writing in few exceptions, these women were products the Japan Et·an!felist, says: "It be- of mission schools. 'rhey would measure up ing against our present constitution with women in any <.Quntry. t.o build up a separate church, we have tried to lend our services to any Married Korean Students church which would sympathetically accept our aid. 'rent mission work CHOSJ;;N CHRISTIAN COLis one form of service in which this LEGE, near Seoul, a union inaid has been given. During the last stitution of Presbyterians U. S. A., four or five years, we have conducted Canadian Presbyterians, Methodist over fifty tent campaigns, from For- Episcopal North and South Churches, mosa in the south, to the north of and the native Presbyterian and .Japan, and these in connection with Methodist Churches, plans to have a all denominations. Our workers have "model village" in which there will also conducted special evangelistic be a number of small houses to be meetings and spiritual conferences all rented to married students. About over the land. Having no personal half the students of the college are ends to serve, and being willing that married, many of them to uneducated all the fruits of our campaigns shall girls, the marriages having been arbe ooIlJ3erved bv the local churches, ranged in early life entirely. by parwe have been able to put our best ents. There are many tragedies in efforts into every place." the homes of educated Korean young men, and it is the hope of the college Japanese Women Leaders to encourage the married students to bring their wives and live at the col- WHEN the Y. W. C. A. was 01'- lege, so that the YQung women can at ganiled in Japan twenty years least get the rudiments of an educaago, there were very few Japanese tion. Compelling as the vision of women who would speak in public, this work is, the college has been able nor did they seem to know how to or- to do almost nothing toward realizing ganize and carryon work of this kind. it because of lack of funds. A few rooms in one of the college buildings are being used for a primary school,

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

to the upkeep of which faculty mem- prosecution of their evangelistic bers subscribe, to give some training work. The past year has been marked to a few married students and to chil- dso by a notable increase of church dren of employes.-'l'he Continent. membership on confession of faith, as compared with the low ebb of the Christian Books for Korea previous year. We believe that this growing unity and common under- THERE is no more pressing need standing is, in some measure, respon- in Korea today than an adequate sible for the richer harvests reported Christian literature plant. The na- hy the churches. For these and many tive pastors and the teachers and ad- other reasons, the Commission on vanced stndents in the higher schools, Evangelism is led to believe that the colleges, and t11 eological seminaries time has arrived for the adoption of must have books in the vernacular a common program." which shall serve as food for growth in grace and leadership, demonstrat- Ne…. York's Ohinatown ing what God 11as done in the earth, outside of the Bible and in ratification REV. JOlIN R. HENRY, superinthereof, through history, art, science tendent of the Bowery Mission, and philosophy. Korean leaders des- writes of having conducted part of perately need books replete with the funeral services for Chin Nom, a knowledge of the past and with wis- widely known and highly respected dom for the' future, to combat the Chinese, who was buried recently false teaching t11at is flooding in, so from the headquarters of the Chinese that the past successes in Korea may !<'reemasons in Chinatown. "The sigbe conserved, and greater triumphs nificant fact in this burial," he says, in the future assured. , 'as in manv others in the Chinese colony, is the increasing request for The independent Korean Christian the services of the Christian Church. JJiterature Society, headed by Baron Even though the dead may have Yun Chi JIo, is reported to be doing a shown little interest in the Christian vigorous work, and deserves gellerous Church or in Christian institutions, support. their last request, 01' that of their nearest surviving relatives, is for NORTH AMERICA some form of Christian ministration -and along with this is the gradual Churches' Progra.D1 of EvangelisDl relinquishment of pagan funeral cus- toms. A few years ago when Chinese THE conference of; the leaders in young men were united with our the evangelistic agencies of the church they automatically ceased condenominations comprising the Fed- tributing to the support of the Joss eral Council, held at Northfield, House priest. This almost invariably Mass., June 16th-18th, has resulted led to petty persecutions. Today the in the announcement of a united pro- Chinese merchants themselves no gram for the coming year. These longer support the Joss House. The denominational leaders have agreed influence of the lives and teachings to recommend this common plan to of Christian workers and members is their own constituencies, and thus slowly permeating the Chinese colmake possible a nation-wide evangel- ony." istic movement. The program centers around pastoral and personal Negroes a.!I Givers evangelism. The statement is, in part, as follows: THAT the city of Tulsa, Okla., not many years ago the scene of race "During the past year there has riots, invited the National Negro developed in the communions com- Business League to hold there in prising the Federal Council of the August its sixte)uth annual meeting Churches of Christ in America an increased spirit of nnity and a growing uniformity of method in the

is one of the most significant facts in .Jap may still teach the white man his the movement for interracial cooper- Christian manners! There were ation in the United States. In his speeches, without number and with- presidential address, Major Robert R. ont end. 'rhe Japanese and the native Moton, Principal of 'ruskegee Insti- Americans spoke, laymen and minis- tute, told of the development of his ters, and told 01' their dreams for race along many lines, and made the this new church. Congregationalists following interesting statement about and MethO(lists and Presbyterians the recent gifts of Negroes to educa- added their words.' I tional institutions: "The Hampton- Tuskegee Endowment Fund Cam- ISLANDS OF THE SEA paign has ree.elltly received $25,000 New Bibles for Filipinos B from the :Madam~ C. .T. Walker in- EFORE the Japanese earthquake in 1923, all dialect Scriptures for terests through her daughter. A similar gift of $25,000 was made to the Philippine Islands had been Kittrell College in North Carolina by printed in Yokohama. The destruc- ~Ir. W. G. Pearson of Durham, N. C., tion of all the type plates and molds, one of the leaders in education, finance and fraternal affairs in that as well as of thousands of Bibles, con- fronted the Philippines Agency of state and a director of the National the American Bible Society with Negro Finance Corporation. Up to many problems beside the financial the present time Negroes in all parts one. Rev. G. B. Cameron, the secreof the South have contributed, over tary, writes that the work of plate and above their taxes, $2,663,010 as making and linotyping is now being voluntary gifts toward the building done in Manila, and continues: of Rosenwald schools, thus supple- "Seven revision and correction commenting the $2,219,983 from MI'. mittees are at work in different parts Rosenwald and the $6,878,979 from of the Islands, all directly sponsored state funds." and in some cases directly supervised by the Agency. These committees A Japanese Church in Utah are made up for the most part of THE dedication of "The Japanese missionaries and native workers, set Church of Christ" in Salt Lake . apart at a considerable cost to the City is thus described by a contrib- missions concerned. This united efutor to the Cong1'8go'{ionalist: "This fort on the part of the Society and attractive building stands as the the missions will furnish not only reachievement of Rev. Kengo Tajima, visions of earlier translations but will a Yale graduate, and a devoted and ilupply Bibles in dialects which have able man. Back of him have been 110t before been available."

the American Missionary Association, the Congregational Church Building Christian Chinese in Borneo P Society and the Presbyterian Board ONTIANAK. the metropolis of West Borneo, has 20,000 people of Church Bl'ection. Tjocal laymen of all denominations have been loval and no Christian Church, except a in support…… The church filled 'up Roman Catholic mission. Not long with Japanese and Americans. Rep- ago a leading Chinese family offered resentative Japanese and Americans a fine building site to the Methodists were on the platform. There was if they would open work there, and music from ;Japanese musicians, and recently a group of Chinese residents an anthem by the choir of a neigh- has assured Bishop Titus Lowe that boring colored church. I am told that they are ready; says The Christian the colored folks find a cordial wel- Adv()(~(Jte, "to bllil(l a ehureh and come from the ,Japanese, and some- school if he will administer it. In times feel a closer tie to them than to fact they made pledges sufficipnt to their white neighbor~. Perhaps the complete the entcrprise. "

MISSIONARY

TWENTY-FIVE GOOD BOOKS ON Mexico Today (1916) LATIN AMERICA By G. B. Winton (50 cents) A wealth of valuable and fascinat- An excellent textbook-ten years old but ing material on Latin American coun- still valuable. tries has been published in the past ten or 'fifteen years. These books will The Five Republics of Central America make it possible for every ~tudent and (1922) reader to gain reliable information By Dana G. Munro ($3.50) and a clear understanding of Latin A concise study of the main facts in refer- ence to the political, social and economic conditions.

Americans, their characteristics, theil' The New Latin America (1922) cllHtoms, religion anrl problems. By J. Warshaw ($3.00) Among the volume~ recommended are the following: A good account of the progress made in Latin America in recent years.

1. GF2lERAL II. ,CUSTOMS AND RELIGIONS Roman Christianity in Latin America Problems in Pan Americanism (19~1) By Webster E. Browning ($1.00) By Samuel G. Inman ($2.00) A kindly but frank description of the characteristics, history and influence of A helpful study of the way in which North Roman Catholicism ill Soutb America. and South AmeI"icans can live and work together in friendship for their mutual South American Probl~ms (1912) advantage. The Republics of Latin Am~ri';a (1923) By Robert E. Speer By H. G. James and P. A. Martin The report of careful observations made ($3.50) on a tour of South America; full of in· formation though thirteen years old. A general summary of the historieal, eco· nomic and political faets pertaining to III. EVANGELICAL MISSIONS Latin America. Christian Work in South America South of Panama (1915) The Montevideo Congress ($4.00) By ProfessOr Edward A. Ross The official report of the recent congress on missions in South Alnerica, with re- A stuily of the social conditions in South ports of the various commiSSions, discus· Anwriea as seen by a sodological expert. sions and findings.

South America, Observations and Impres- Central American Indians and the :Bible sions (1912) (1925) By James Bryce By W. F. Jordan (75 cents) Keen observations on the political, social A graphic description of work for the and reHgious situation in Latin America. neglected Indians, the need, the methods and results. New Days in Latin America (1925) By Webster E. Browning The :Bible in :Brazil (1902) By Henry C. Tucker The senior textbook for this year. A gen· eral study of the twenty republics, politi. An excellent story of the experiences of cally, racially and economically, with the agent of the American Bible Society. chapters on education, religion and mis· sions. Contains bibliography, statistics South American Neighbors (1916) and guide to pronunciation.

Peru, Its Story, People and Religions By Homer C. Stuntz (75 cents) (1909) A clear and concise survev of South Amer· By Geraldine Guinness ($2.50) ica with an account of -Evangelical Mis· sions. A very well written description of the country and people making a st.rong ap· Modern Missions on the Spanish Main peal for their evangelization. (1925) Mexico, An Interpretation (1923) By W. R. Wheeler and W. E. Brown- By Carleton Beals ($2.50,) ing ($2.75) An excellent treatment of this subject to I"etters and reports of missions in Colum· enable us to understaml Mexicans. bia anq Yenezuel".

8~7

The Church in the Wilds (1914) ologieal world, chiefly through his By W. B. Grubb ($2.50) famous work, 'The Quest of the His- torical Jesus.' At about the same time A picture of mission work for the Indian he wrote his monumental book on Jo- tribes of Paraguay. hann Sebastian Bach and became organist of the Paris Bach Society; IV. POPULAR AND JUVENILE but the sequel showed that· as a the- ologian (and perbaps as a musician The Least of These in Columbia (1918) also) he had been misunderstood. Mrs. M. N. Williams ($1.25) His mind wa.s seen to be like a knife to dissect the theories and interpre- Very readable sketches describing people tations which dim-eyed scholars had with whom the missionary came into eon- imposed upon the figure of Jesus, but tact. few realized tlw.t behind his own strange and striking construction lay Thirty Years Among the Mexicans (1918) It vision of the IJoI'd, piercing and By A. B. ease ($1.75) compelling as that which came to the seer of old in Patmos. The Christian Vivid and illuminating descriptions of a ethic may indeed be but for that 'lit- missionary's life in Mexico during the tle while' of which the fourth Gospel recent revolution. I"peaks, but it is absolute and knows no compromise. It is binding on all Men, Maidens and Ma-ntillas (1923) Christian men.

By Stella May ($4.00) "But theories are of yesterday and An interesting description of Latin Amer· today; ..deeds are for ever. At the ican Peoples and customs, especially of age of thirty or so Dr. Schweitzer women and the home. abandoned the world of letters and of art that he might qualify in medi- Looking Ahead in Latin America (1925) cine as a general practitioner. By By Stanley High (75 cents) means of hi8 books and his organ re- citals and the help of sympathetic The popular study book for this year, de- friends he gathered means and set sail scribing the Republics and the place and at his own charges for Lamberene on work of Christian missions. the River Ogowe in Equatorial Af- rica. With him went his heroic wife, Ventures in Inter-American Friendship his partner in courflge and patience (1925) through dangers, labours, loneliness, By S. G. Inman (50 cents) sickness and anxiety."

Four books for discussion groups, includ· Dr. Schweitzer '8 work in Africa has ing chapters on, the Montevideo Congress. been described in another remarkable book of his, "On the Edge of the The Lilind of the Golden Man (1916) Primeval Forest," and in the spring By Anita B. Ferris (50 and 75 cents) of 1922, he delivered the Dale Lec- tures at Mansfielrl College, Oxford, Stories of Latin America. The junior since published under the title, "The mission study book of the year. Philosophy (1f Civilization." Both in these lectures and in the little book Makers of South America (1916) under review and in Dr. Schweitzer's By Margarette Daniels (60 cents) critical work there is something to disagree with, but least, perhaps, in Biographical sketches for boys and girls. t.his most thoughtfnl and stimulating volume with its clear discernment and A Missionary Wall Map assertion of t.he uniqueness and suf- 3 x 4 feet (6G cents) ficiency of true Cllristianity.

This is an excellent map, published by the R. ~. S. M. E. M., showing the Protestant mission stations and giving a list of aU the so- cieties and their location in South America, Mexico, Central America and the West Indies.

Christianity and the Religions of the World. Albert Schweitzer. 93 pp. $1.60. New York. 1923.

The foreword of this little book gives the facts, familiar to some but unknown to most, of the life of the extraordinary man who wrote it: "Dr. Schweitzer was born at Kaysersberg in Alsace, and comes of a ministerial family. At Strasbourg he was first student, then professor. He rapidly became the enfa11t terrible of the the- The Making of Modern India. Nicol Mae· will most value, a~ they seek for the nieol. 235 pp. London, N ew York. 1924. secret of Indian life-not so much in Such important literary critics as the "making" as a fixed product of the editors of the A.tlantic, the Con- past millenniums and of the Indian tempomry Review, Hibbert Journal, temperament and mind. The social the ExpositfJ}, and the International llnrest of the Empire he conceives as Review of lIfissill'lls have passed upon largely due to contiicting religious and publi~hed most oE the chapters views-if there can be any conflict in of this sman volume. Besides, Dr. a mind so uIliversally tolerant and so llIacnicol's long years of missionary syncretistic as the Indian's; to service in Vestern India and such ,. Tides of the Spirit," the underly- books as "Indian Thcism" and his ing motives and aspirations which translations in "Psalms of ~1aratha have surged over New India in recent Saints" have caused him to be right- years; and to "Indian Ideals and fully honored as a Doctor of Liter- Present-day Realities, " part I y ature. [n a wa~', however, it is a snmmwl. U[J in De. Tagore's remark: disadvantage for those who turn to "I,Ve treat God as we treat our this volnme for a plain and dispas- friends. It is from lack of nearness sionate setting forth of the elements to God, from absence of right per- that are today ;naking India. The sonal relations one with another, out reader will Hnd many of them here, of greed and materialism, that all war but they are clothed in quoted phrases and conflict comes "-the longed-for and sentences from a wide range of ideal and the disturbing reality.

literature, most of it Indian, and in 'I'he ideas whi('h Dr. Macnicol dis- many poetical lines or stanzas, that cusses in Part III are "Hinduism as are as widely removed from Valentine .Mysticism, " , , Hi n d u Devotion,"

Chirol as he writes upon similar "Transmigration and Karma and themes, as the Bible is from "Para- Their Influence in Living Hinduism,"

dise Regained." So far as dates are "The Hindu Ideal of a Holy lAfe,"

given, the chapters have been written and "Hinduism and the Way to between 1907 and 1923. God." Greatly as many of these Dr. :Macnicol arranges his seven- ideas vary from 011rs, it is suggestive teen essay-articles under five Parts, and ill some respects directive to whose titles arc very promising, Po- learn of the greater spirituality of litical Progress, Social and Religious the intellectual Hindu's thought than Unrest, Ideas, Personalities and Un- that of most of 11S.

ehanging India. The first Part is Part IV will be most enjoyed by decidedly disappointing, as he writes the average reader; for here we see upon India in 1908 and 1923, a con- more concretely than in other chap- trast indeed, but too abstract for any ters, some of the leading minds and practical purpose. Naturally the souls of India: Indian women poets, 1923 section mentions phases of In- a surprise to us, perhaps, but not dia's life grouped about Gandhi, but greatly contributory to literature; they are not strikingly put nor do .the famous pioneer reformer of the they create any strong impression. last eentury, Ram Mohun Roy; De- Part V is similarly lacking in direct- bendl'anath Tagore, father of his more ness; for his "Unchanging India" famous son Dr. Rabindranath Tagore, is pictured in two popular cults, one but a man ,of sterling worth and wide of the Sivaite ~ect variations, the influence; and the roll call of a few other of the Vaishnavite subsects; "Notable Indian Christians." In this and in a too brief. but otherwise satis- chapter XV, half the space is given factory aCC011l1t of "The Diversions to an interpretive discussion of such of an Indian Villager," contributed persons in an Indian environment, to the London Times. while the remaining nine pages are It is Parts II, III and IV that given to a very brief account of Pan- readers of the :MrsSIONARY REVIEW dita Ramabai, whom the author does "not hesitate to describe as the great- rural communities and in cities, law est Indian Christian of this genera- and order, education and religion. tion" ; a Rhorter account of the famous Christian poet and ex-Brah- The Marigold Horse and Other Stories. man, N. V. Tilak-the Marathi hymn- Margaret Seebach. 12 mo. 271 pp. nologist also; Sundar Singh, "apostle $1.25. Philadelphia. 1925. of the bleeding feet" and an ascetic of the Indian Church of today. 'l'hese These bright children's stories from three are the Inflian "Three Might- mission lands are meaningful and well ies, " but allnsion to others hints at a told. 'l'hey come from India and rich addition to the Universal Church China, Africa and Japan, the Philipwhich India will supply. H. P. B. pines and from North and South America. They make excellent read- Dr. Ian MacFarlane, Medical Missionary ing for Sunday afternoons and for at Nazareth. III us. 12 mo. 94 pp. Sunday-school or mission band Edinburgh, Seotland. 1924. workers.

A stimulating little memorial vol- Setting the Course. Edite(l by Alexander ume giving the story of a medical mis- Marshall. ] 2 mo. Is, 9d. Glasgow. sionary in Palestine who served in the 1925. medical corps of the British Army in the late war. He died of typhus fever Incidents, stories and facts that will at the K~ntara hospital, Palestine, in help to illustrate religious talks make 1917. this volume valuable especially to teachers and lay workers. Some are Tales from the African Jungle. Various stories of famous men and women writers. Pamphlet. 18. London. 1924. such as John Calvin, George White- field, John G. Paton and others. These live little stories of life in Africa are written for children by The Romance of Home Missions. S. L. eight Britishers who have lived in Morris. 12 mo. 257 pp. Richmond, Va. Nigeria and neighboring territories. 1924. There are good illustrations, puzzles, games and other attractive features. The Secretary of Horne Missions of the Presbyterian Church, South, has The Family Worship. Wilbur B. Stover. written this very readable book for 12 mo. 136 pp. 75 cents. 1924. the general reader, showing the im- portance, the interest, the variety and A missionary to India gives us this the progress of home missions in the helpful little book of encouragement southern states. A questionnaire and and suggestions as to family worship an index add to its value. -with an excellent list of literature on the subject of religion in the home. If I Were Young Again. Amos R. Wells. Pamphlet. 40 cents net. Philadelphia. The :Basis of Racial Adjustment. Thomas 192'4. .T. Woofter. 12 mo. 258 pp. $1.40. 1925. The editorial secretarv of the Chris- tian Endeavor publications gives here A member of the Commission on some very practical advice on build- Interracial Cooperation gives ns a ing up a strong body, mind and spirit, thoughtful digest of information on ready for service. race adjustments and a sane discussion of the life of the American From Over the Border. Vernon Monroe Negro in relation to race problems. McCombs. IIIug. 12 mo. 188 pp. 50 This study will do much to help check and 75 cents. New York. 1925. race antagonism and to promote intelligent cooperation. The V{)lume is Most of the Christian church memsupplied with references for study bers in the United States know little and topics for discussion and is well or nothing about the life of the Mexiadapted to use in colleges. It takes cans "from over the border" or what up the questions of health, work in is being done for their physical, moral and spiritual benefit. Read this book and learn what these people are like, the influence<;; that surround them, THEY'RE GOING by their influence on American life, their the THOUSANDS education, religion and the evangelical work being done among them. It is Buy Them! a worthy study book. Read Them! PassThemOn! Uncle Sam's Family. Dorothy F. McConnell. Illus. 12 mQ. 12" pp. $1.00. 1925.

Soutjlern mountaineers, immigrants A full library of in~ from Europe, Mexicans from over the border, Indians, Negroes and Orien- formation and inspira· tals are all pictured in these delight- 35 h tion at the ful and instructive stories for children. They are especially good for priceoL. junior leagues and mission bands. C eac Tibetan Folk Tales. Translated by A. L. 3 for $1.00 Shelton and Edited by Mrs. Shelton. Illus. 8 vo. 173 pp. $2.00. 1925. NEW COLPORTAGE LIBRARY Tibet is a land of mystery, of (Covers in Two Colora> strange customs and beliefs and weird surroundings. Dr. and Mrs. Shelton 1. SALVATION SERMONS are among the few Americans who have come to know these people among j3y REV. A. B. SIMPSON. whom they labored for fifteen years. In service for them, Dr. Shelton laid Excellent for the unconverted to make the way of down his life in 1919, but before that, Salvation plain. he gathered and translated these interesting folk-tales, which are appro- 2. THE FOURFOLD GOSPEL priately illustrated with drawings. They reveal the 'ribetans, their mode By REV. A. B. SIMPSON. of life and thought, their supersitions and aspirations. Some of the tales, A most convincing exposition of the dynamic message each of which illustrates a Tibetan of the Book. proverb, have lessons for any age and any land or race. 3. THE CHRIST LIFE Foreign Missions Convention at Washing- By REV. A. B. SIMPSON. ton. 1925. Edited by F. P. Turner aud F. K. Sanders. 8 vo. 466 pp. $2.50. New and Augmented edition with Six of Dr. Simp- New York. 1925. son's own choice poems. The book that helped to make Dr. Simpson a spiritualleader of his generation. Only those who attended this great convention can estimate in advance 4. THE CRISIS OF THE DEEPER LIFE the value of these full reports of the By G. P. PARDINCTON J PH.D. addresses and discussions. But even those who were in Washington last Answers the question, "Is the sanctified life a de- January could not attend more than velopment or is it a definite experience?" one of the simultaneous meetings. These reports should be read and s. WHOLLY SANCTIFIED studied, especially by pastors, executives and missionaries. By REV. A. B. SIMPSON. A satisfactory treatise on Sanctification and the NEW BOOKS Spirit-filled life.

Ao Naga Tribe of Assam. W. C. Smith. 6. THE LORD FOR THE BODY 225 pp. $5.00. l1¥lcmillan Company, London, or from Author, University of By REV. A. B. SIMPSON.

Dr. Simpson answers in his inimitable manner many questions that occur to the earnest seeker after the truth of Divine Healing.

7. CHRIST'S RETURN-The Key to Prophecy and Providence By ST. CLEMENT.

Revealing the Divine plan of God that has run throughout all ages.

S. WONDERS OF PROPHECY. {Vol. I) By JOHN URQUHART.

Introduction to sixtll editt'on by Philip Mau1'o. Volume I traces Scriptural prophecy. and quotes I?re- dictions from Tyre and Sidon down through the time of Judea and Babylon.

9. WONDERS OF PROPHECY. {Vol. II) By JOHN URQUHART.

Volume II contains "A Prophetic Forecast of the World's Entire History."

10. MISSIONARY MESSAGES By REV. A. B, SIMPSON, Dr. Simpson's missionary appeals stirred America to a new interest in Missions.

11. ·THE LIFE OF PRAYER By REV. A. B. SrMPSON.

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The Missionary Review of the World — January 1925

MISSIONAR.Y LEADERSAtlHE WASHINGTON CONVENTION'"

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Please mention THE MI8Sl0NARY REVIEW OF THB WORLD 'in writing to advertisers THE MISSIONARY Review 0 f the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Edilm CONTENTS FOR JANUARY, 1925 Page FRONTISPIECE ••……•………… LEADERS AT THE WASHINCTON CONVENTION EDITORIALS …….•……………………………………………… 5 A MISSIONARY PRAYER TwENTY-FIVE YEARS OF MISSIONARY PROGRE8S LooKING BAOKWARD OVER 1924 MISSIONARIES AND THE EXCLUDED .JAPANESE PLANS FOR THE WASHINGTON OONVENT10N A NEW YEAR'S MEDITATION-FIRST THINGS FIRST …… S. M. ZWEMER 13 A practical and devotiona.! Bible study of the law of priority by a missionary r of practical exp erience.

RELIGIOUS MALNUTRITION IN AMERICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JAy S. STOWELL 16 A utudy of the question–IB America. Over-Churched? If lio, in what sen8e and what are the pre8ent re!·igious neeal!?

FEATURES OF WESLEYAN MISSIONARY HISTORy . . . . . . HARLAN P. BEACH 19 High spots in the misSionary achievements of the Briti.•h Wee/cyan Mis8ioM gathered from the r,ecenUy-publishea five-volume histo·ry of the Society.

PASTOR SANG – A CONCRETE EXAMPLE …………………. W. B. COLE 22 The story of a. Chinese Christian pasttor a.s an inustratiOll of w'ha.t the Gospel i8 doing in Chlna to save soulls and to develop leaders among the Chinese p'eop!e.

FACTS ABOUT UNKNOWN COLOMBIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ALEXANDER M. ALLAN 29 cana Some intlfl'esting information· ab01lt our sister republio of the southern hemisphere the need and prO{J'feS8 of the Gospel 'in that Latin American repubUe.

TRAINING INDIA'S NEW WOMAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CHARLOTTE C. WYCKOI'F 33 A concrete stuay of the life and in:f!uence of OM of the ChristiQ,n t'Ya1ining schools for the making of Christian moth errs and g1'andrMthers in IndoW.

BEYOND THE NEVER NEVER …………………… MARGARET MATTHEWS 41 Some inci4ems 01 work among the aborigill'88 of northwestern Australia – a people tilmost unknown in America.

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Robert E. Speer, President WlJlam 1. Chamberlain. Vice-President Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary WaIter McDougaH, Treasurer Publication o:llloe, 84 & Reily Sis., Harrisburg. Editorial and Busine.s O:lllce. 156 Fifth Annoe. Pa. 250 a copy $2.50 a year New York City Entered a••eeond-class matter at the Post Ofll.o8. Harrisburg, Pa.. under Act of March 8, 187•. You may continue work for the Girls' Problems Master, after He has called you hence by buying -and Mother Ruth ASSURED GlRI.S' problems are as acute and dis- tressing today as they always have been INCOME since the days of Mother Eve. But Mother Ruth knows the Saviour of girls, and with BONDS prayerful, spiritual wisdom she sol ves the problems of a host of real girls who cry ISSUED BY out to her for help; her answers appear in almost every issue of The Sunday American Sunday-School Union School Times. PHILADELPHIA Incorporated onder the law. 0/ the State oj The Times has published no feature in many years that has aroused such ex- Penn.ylvania. traordinary interest as this. Not only girls but young men, and older women They will pay you an Income and men, follow the department eagerly during your life and have almost swamped The Times with equal to, or more than, the best of gilt- their letters. edge securities. And will continue afterwards. W. Graham Scroggie, Britain's fore- most Bible teacher, now writes every week exclusively for The Times a full ex- position of the International Uniform Lessons. His is only one of sixteen dif- ferent features on the U ni form and Whole Bible Course in this journal.

Is it really Ch,-is/'s tomb!' Do you know the facts about the shrine of Venus recently discovered by the Garden Tomb outside Jerusalem. and why this may positively identify it as the place where our Lord's body was laid? Professor Melvin Grove Kyle, the archeologist, keeps you posted in his Archeological Department in The Spread of God's Kingdom Puhli.hed Every Week through the organization of Sunday- Dr. A_ C. Dixon says: "The greatest Schools in communities throughout this Christian journal in the world, in my country in which there are now no reli- humble judgment, is The Sunday School gious services, and through the publication Times. If you are a Sunday-school of evangelical helps for these schools. teacher, you certainly need The Times; if not-you need it even more." Last year we organized 1,006 new schools. Twenty-nine churches of va- r~eci~g:C~ift~ov~r~~e ~~:~oocg~re;fear. rious denominations grew out of Union schools in the past year and sixteen houses either to separate addresses or in of worship were erected. a package to one address.

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THEMIS-SIONARY

EVlfW1fe VOL. JANUARY, 1925 NUMBER XLVIIl ONE A MISSIONARY PRAYER E TERNAL GOD, our Heavenly Father, who hast made one all the diverse peoples of the earth, and hast breathed into them Thine own spirit of life that they might seek after Thee and find Thee, we pray fcir those who are still in darkness and in the shadow of death, where the light of Thy glorious Gospel, as revealed in .Jesus Christ, our Lord, has never shone. We pray that soon the good news of His redemption may be carried to the uttermost bounds of every land so that the earth may be filled with the knowledge of Thy love and of Thy offer of Eternal Life to those who come unto Thee through Him who is the Way, the Truth, and the Life.

We remember also before Thee the lands where the Light now shines in the midst of darkness, and where Christ is being lifted up that He may dispel evil and may draw all men unto Himself. May the Truth triumph over error; inay the Vvay of Life be made clear; may fear and hatred be banished by love and may superstition be overthrown by the revelation of Thyself.

We commend to Thy grace and protecting care all who are laboring in Thy Name at home and abroad and who are seeking to give the Gospel to mankind through the spoken word, the printed page, through works of healing and mercy or through lives that manifest Thee. Sustain these Thy servants in their loneliness, defend them in all perils and fill them with Thy Holy Spirit, giving them wisdom and patience for their task and an unquenchable love for the souls of men. May they have the joy of seeing many turn from darkness to the One True Light and from the power of Satan unto God. We pray especially for those in positions of responsibility in the Church and .State, that they may set forth the true example of godly living and Christian faith and by justice and sympathy may commend Christ to all those with 'whom they come into contact.

We beseech Thee to deepen aI~lOng us in the homeland the realization of our great debt to Thee and the sense of shame for the many 5 evils for which Thy professed disciples are so largely responsible and which bring dishonor on Thy name. Lead us to repentance for our national and international injustices which engender strife, for our social selfishness and the resulting miseries, for our industtiaLcon- flicts bringing poverty and ill-will. Grant that w~ may proclaim .with new sincerity and zeal Thy regenerating power riot only by 'wold of month but by the promotion of social justice and international broth- erhood in order that liberty, peace and friendliness may. be estab- lished throughout the earth. . .'

So may Thy Kingdom come and Thy will be done on earth as it is in Heaven. May the nations all be brought under the banner of the Oross of Ohrist so that all mankind may rejoice in the glorious liberty of the sons of God, that all creation may echo the song of the redeemed, that He may come whose right it is to reign, and that Thy holy name may be glorified forever and ever. Amen.

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF MISSIONARY PROGRESS W HEN the great Ecumenical Foreign Missions Oonference was held in New York in 1900, a review of progress made during the nineteenth century showed tremendous strides in organization, equipment, workers, Dudgets, methods of work, attitudes of governments and peoples, and the results seen in converts, in social betterment and in the development and influence of the native churches. This month another great missionary convention is called to meet in Washington, D. C., and it is an appropriate time to note signs of progress during the last quarter century.

The statistics for 1924 are not yet published, but in studying the latest figures available, we :find that, in 1900, the year of the Boxer uprising and of the Ecumenical Oonference, in the United States and Oanada there were reported 54 Protestant organizations conducting foreign missionary work, while today there are over 200.

The total amount of income of these American societies has grown from $6,115,000 to over $40,276,000, while one denomination alone had last year a budget of over $8,000,000 for foreign missions.

The number of American foreign missionaries twenty-five years ago was about 4,500, while today it is over 13,000, and the native staff has grown from 16,000 to over 60,000.

The stations and outstations occupied by American societies have greatly increased, especially in Ohina, Africa and Latin America, while the number of baptized communicant church members has grown from 400,496 to 1,500,000 and the total number of those baptized or under definite instruction is over 2,000,000.

The schools and colleges in American missions have increased from 6,252, with 240,263 pupils, to over 20,000, with over 622,000 enrolled. No doubt, these reports are far from complete.

i~ EDITORIAL COMMENTS

"But statistics do not tell the whole story. of progress. The greatest <lhtl:nge,has come in the type of institutions established. Many of thJ-,IsmalIand poorly equipped· enterprises 'have been re- placed by hirge and beautifully housed'siJhools and colleges such as the Peking Medical College, Peking, Cll11ton, Nanking', Shantung and othetuniversities in' China, the seven women's colleges in A<sia, Oairo University in Egypt· and other schools for higher education.

Anotheri still greater and· mare important sign of 'progress is seen in the,IaDg€r responsibilitie:sassumed by the native churches. In India, J:1pan and China,native Christian Councils have beeh formed to,:direct the' united Christian Ohurch program. Educated native leaders have come forward, able 'and willing to give them- selves to this work. They have formed home missionary societies, are developing an indigenous Christian literature and are taking a large part in the political, educational and reform movements of their' countries. The Sunday-school work has been put on 'a new basis with teacher-training classes and specially prepared lesson helps for .eaph country. 'The Y.M. C. A. and Y. W. C; 'A, are now largely in the hands of native secretarie~ and 'have put new and greater; 'emphasis on physical culture,' social service and' industrial betterment.' .

There are still many lands to be possessed, millions of souls to be touched with the message of Christ for the nr..st time, and many lessons to be learned as to effective methods of work; the Christians of,·eacnnation'must be trained and directed into truly living, active Christlike churches, that manifest the spirit, and power of God in daily 'life 'ana by effectively witnessing to their fellow-countrymen. ,·(Meanwhile, great changes have taken place in political situa- ti(}ns'ithabseriously affect missionary work. Korea has been ab- s'OT>bea <by Japan; China has become a greatly disturbed republic; lndi'&is eagerly'se{jking self-determination; Persia has had upheaval 81fteruphea!val in an effort to gain stability; Turkey has become .a'republic, has overthrown the Sultan, bimished the Caliph, has murdered and banished multitudes of her best citizens, and has been divided into separate states j Africa has been extensively develo'p'6d and,·lias·been reapportioned in mandates since the World War. Enrepe'is still suffering and bleeding, Russia divided between godless: materialism and a soCialized Christianity, and other nati~ns wandering in se'arch of light and peace.

. Latin :America is less changed than most of the 'As'iatic'corrnrtries;but M~xico' has been in an almost continued state of r~volution ahdseveral: other Latin American governments have beenovt!P- thrown.' Markedprogr.ess has been made in Peru, Bdlivia 'and Ecuador in teligious liberty and there is vastly better understanding between Latin Americans and North Americans. This has con-

tributed to the progress of evangelical Christianity, largely through the influence of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America.

At the Home Base, the Laymen's Missionary Movement has come, accomplished a worthwhile work and has departed; the Interchurch World Movement created a great stir in a spasmodic attempt to unite all missionary forces in one great effort to survey and save the world, but the infant prodigy has died as one born out of due time; the Federal Council of Churches has come into being and by wide publicity and energetic leadership has brought most of the Evangelical Churches of the United States into cooperation for world peace, international friendship, better race relations, improved industrial conditions, national righteousness and help to warworn European Christians.

These are only a few of the outstanding features of the last quarter of a century as they touch missionary endeavor. The "Youth Movement" has greatly affected the Student Volunteers; social service has captured the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A.; theological controversies have threatened to divide churches and missionary bodies; great" Five-Year Programs," with large financial undertakings, have been adopted but have been weighed in the balance of experience and have been found wanting in beneficial results.

Many changes have come in the missionary situation during the past twenty-five years, but the basis of the missionary enterprise has not changed. Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, today and forever. Men need Him and His salvation as much as they did nineteen hundred years ago. New methods have been adopted but no method has been discovered to rescue men and women from the results of their weakness, foolishness and sin that can displace the divine method of bringing individuals into vital personal relationship with God through Jesus Christ. New machinery has been set up and some new material and social forces have been harnessed to the missionary enterprise, but no substitute has ever been found for the power of the Holy Spirit as the one power required to enlighten, enliven and transform men. Emphasis on different aspects of the message of Christ has changed from time to time, but no message has proved effective that has left out the offer of pardon and life from the loving Heavenly Father on the basis of faith in His Son, Jesus Christ, with complete surrender to His control. This message, this power, this Divine Saviour comprise the only Gospel that suffices for old folks and for little children, for the weak and the strong, for the ignorant and the learned, for the black, the yellow, the red and the white, for the pagan and the civilized, for the African, the Asiatic, the European and the American.

1925J EDITORIAL COMMENTS

LOOKING BACKWARD OVER 1924 T HE YEAR that has just closed cannot be acclaimed as one re- markable for many outstanding signs of missionary progress. The unsettled state of Europe, of India, of China, and of the Moslem 'World has been a deterrent in those fields. England has been suffering from business depression, while the churches in America have been seeking to reorganize their missionary work and to re- cover from the effects of great financial drives and inflated programs.

Some important conferences have been held among leaders, and their influence may be seen in future progress more than in the im- mediate present. These conferences and conventions'include the great Student Volunteer Convention in Indianapolis, the C. 0, P. E. C.

(Conference on Politics, Economics and Citizenship) in England, the Pacific Conference in Hawaii, the Federal Council of Churches'

Quadrennial Convention in Atlanta and ~Vomen's Law-Enforcement Conferences in Washington and at Vassar College. .

In America, many new methods have been tested or adopted in missionary work-including radio broadcasting pf missionary ad- dresses, the development of city-wide missionary campaigns, and the strengthening of study classes, conferences and summer schools.

Missionary deficits have been attacked and some of them conquered.

Interracial cooperation has made real progress and interdenomina- tional fellowship has advanced in work for immigrants, Indians, Spanish-Americans, and in cities and rural fields.

In Latin America, Mexico has made progress toward normal conditions so that missionary work is prospering, and successful evangelistic campaigns have been conducted in Central America and the West Indies. Tours of exploration have been undertaken to open the way for mission work among neglected Indians in South Amer- ica, and the work for lepers has been advauced through the efforts of the American Mission to Lepers. The coming missionary conference in Montevideo will doubtless mark a new era in evangelical work for I.. atin America.

. Europe has reported revivals in Belgium, Czecho-Slovakia, Serbia and Poland, and campaigns have been conducted in America to help students and struggling churches in France, Germany, Italy and Austria. Christian forces in Russia have been struggling against material famine and anti-religious propaganda but, while some Soviet leaders have stimulated religious strife, the peasants have pursued the even tenor of their ways.

In Moslem Lands, Turkey has abolished the Caliphate with its religious dictatorship but still shows unfriendliness toward Chris- tian missionary enterprises. Mesopotamia (Iraq) has been occupied as a joint mission field by American Presbyterian and Reformed Churches, and a series of important conferences of workers for Mos- lems have been held in Egypt, Jerusalem, Bagdad and India. In

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW.lOP·THE WORLD [ J anllA'l!y

Persia, Urumia, whence misSionariesVlere driven out during the war, has again been occupied and miss~on schools are attendeq b~ Moslems a~d Cnristians. , '" 'r', '. . .~ In Afrzca, self-government has. beell restored to Egypt by Gf'eat . Britain, but riots ang. assas~iilaHon in, Cairo and tne Su(ian have caused the Bri~i&h;~gainjo:)liisume.control, at least temporarily. Abyssinia h~J;eEdi.o,c~up,ied· as a mis~ion station by the American and United PresliH~r!an~;' the Africa,1nland Mission has pushed its of ,outposts far mt~'the~~p.terior to:war.dLake Tehad.. The Phelps-Stokes Commission hasrria'a~'another tour investigation into the educa- tional work andnee4~' ..of Africa, and the British have held. a conference on the subje0t,'i,nEngland. Dr. Donald Fraser has be~¥ undertaking a wide evangelistic campaign in British South A~ri<i~.

In India, the Gandhi .:rpovement for self-determination by noncooperation with England has apparently lost ground since the liber~­ tion of the leader from prison. Moslems and IIindus have come info fierce conflict but la.ter have agreed to respect each other's prejudices and rights~ The NaFona~ Christian Counc,i/•.of In~ia has sele.qt!ld ,~ts officers and has ontlmed Its program for E.Yr~mgehsm, edu~atI~n ~W1 cooperation. A Neo-Hindu Movement has;trisen and a Qhristlan .to. Sadhu Mission has been formed tQ advanc~'their separate ·causes. ,China has hl:q another political upheaval which has led t:p.e overthrow of ~J,'esident Tsao Kun by the Christian General,! F~ng Yu-shiang, while the conflict continued between Dr. Sun, General Ch;mg Tso-lin and General Wu Pei-fu in battles near. Shanghai. Anum~ill 9,f missionaries have been captured and killed or rel(jase<;l j1;l~,;lwll<;lits ~n various parts of China.· Opium culture iiil increasing and famine. and flood have visited certain areas. In the 'meaJ)timQ, however, the Christian ,educational and evangelistic work progresfles and the National Christian Council is functioning effectively to unite Cbinese. Christians in working for a better China, industrially, poli~i- cally, educationally and religiously. " , '.

The situation in Japan has been adversely influenced by t11,e American exclusion legislation and many have bitterly expressed their disapproval. The Japanese Christians have, however, rallied to exp~ess their appreciation of the sympathy and help of the mi~­ siona;ries. Yokohama and Tokyo are slowly being restored after the earthquake, from the shock of which the government and country are reQovering, Korea is externally quiet but the people still ch~rish the desire and determination for independence. Christian evallgelism ha,s progressed and the Church is developing strength and independence.

The Island World is seldom heard from in the daily and weekly press but the failure of Filipinos in self-government isbeing;broad- casted simultaneously with the celebration of the twenty-fifth "nniversary of the release of the islands from Spanish rule. It i~, ~re­ ported also thaUhe New Hebrides are suffering from the condoIlium

EDITORIAL COMM1!lN'l'S

between Britain and France which permits French traders and mili- tary men to exploit the islanders to their detriment. "

Apparently, this is not a great record for the year, and Y9t tlie Spirit of God moves in a mysterious way and events and individuals that seem great or small in human eyes are oftentimes reversed in the divine estimate and program. Among the 150,000 or more new converts received into the churches in non-Christian lands and among the million new communicants received into the home churches dur- ing the year, who can tell what evangelists, teachers, apostles, and prophets of Christ may develop1 The forces that seem weak in 1924 may confound the mighty, and the laws and programs that seem fool- ish may bring to nought those that seem wise. Jesus Christ will prevail not by human wisdom or mighty armies but by the work of the Spirit of God in the heart~ and lives Of men.

PLANS FOR THE WASHINGTON CONVENTION AR~CH feast is being prepared for t~e Washington Convention (January 28 to February 2) at whICh five thousand delegates are expected. .

The opening session in the new auditorium will be devoted to a 1 eview of the spiritual motive and the ground for hope in the success- ful outcome of the world-wide work of the Church. Next will follow a review of the present world situation. Ohrist and His message will be exalted as the one solution of the problems of the individual, of society, and of all nations and races. Another session will be devoted to personal testimonies as to the effectiveness of living the Ohrist- life among men, of Christian education, of humanitarian work, and of Christian literature. The cultivation of the Church at home and the development of the Ohurch abroad will be dealt with on Saturday by a number of speakers of wide experience and on Sunday the themes willbe the appeal of Christ to His followers and the qualifica- tions required for His service. The closing sessions will be devoted to Ohrist and international relationships and to a consideration of our great unfinished task.

Separate simultaneous c·onferences are planned for the after- noons to study the various phases of work, the different mission fields and the problems of the Home Base. Among the speakers ex- pected to take part in the program are President Ooolidge, Premier King of Oanada, Robert E. Speer, Rev. J. H. Oldham,John R. Mott, Samuel M. Zwemer, Bishop O. H. Brent, Dr. W. B. P. Ifaunce, Miss Jea~ MacKenzie, Dr. E. D. Mouzon of the Southern Methodist Church, Hon. N. W. Rowell of Canada, Bishop Tucker, James L.

Barton, Rev. E. Stanley Jones of India, Miss Ida Belle Lewis of China, Miss Helen Hunt of Burma and Dr. William Axling of Japan.

Any who have an opportunity to attend this Oonvention, the first of its kind in America in twenty-five years, cannot afford to miss it.

::MISSIONARIES AND THE EXCLUDED JAPANESE M ANY Americans do not know the Japanese and so do not appreciate the fine points in their characters. There are Japanese and Japanese as there are Americans and Americans. The following resolutions adopted by the National Christian Council of Japan show the truly Christian attitude of that body: The immigration act of 1924, in the United States, in its present form is neither in accord with the spirit of Christianity nor with the standards mentioned above. Furthermore, at the time of the enactment of this law, international amenities were not duly considered, nor was there ample opportunity for mutual conference and friendly negotiations. And this we feel is an additional matter for regret. The majority of Christians in the United States, through their representatives, as a matter of fact, condemned this legislation, and exerted themselves to the utmost to defeat it, and no doubt will continue to work against it in order to restore the friendly relations historically existing between Japan and the United States. This Couneil desires to cooperate with the Christians in the United States with a view to solving satisfactorily this difficult racial question in the spirit essential to Christianity, and to this end we appeal to the public opinion of the world. The purpose foreign missionaries have in coming to this country is solely the prellching of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, and they have no other purpose iIi mind. Therefore, though there may be rumors against foreign missionaries, no credence should be given such reports. We desire that the. missionaries should remain at their posts unperturbed.

A similar spirit is shown in the resolutions passed by a group of about sixty missionaries who met in Tokyo, last summer. A committee was there appointed to secure as wide an approval of American missionaries in Japan as possible to the resolutions, and give them a wide publicity, both in Japan and in America, among Christian bodies and individuals, and 330 missionaries have already agreed to these resolutions: Both as citizens of the United States and as Christian missionaries in Japan, we are intensely interested in the maintenance and strengthening of the most cordial friendship and cooperation between these two countries for the sake of the material, cultural and spiritual welfare of both countries.

Accordingly we desire to put on record our conviction in regard to· the exclusion clause in the Immigration Law, recently passed by the American Congress, as follows: 1. The exclusion clause is not characterized by that international justice and courtesy upon which all governmental acts of one nation towards another should be based…… .

2. We sympathize with the Japanese people in their deeply felt grievance over the passing of this law with its exclUBion clause.

3. We join in the strong protest against the exclUBion clause in the new immigration law, a protest which has gone forth from so many public bodies in America and which has appeared in the American press…… .

4. We record with pleasure the courtesy and kindness accorded us as Americans by the Japanese people in the face of their strong feeling of resentment over the treatment they ·as a nation have received in the immigration law passed by the American Congress…… .

A New Year Meditation-First Thit)gs

BY REV. S. M. ZWEMER, D.D., CAIRO, EGYPT O NE of the tests of sanity is a sense of proportion and a sense of the law of priority. An unbalanced mind dwells on the. petty, the insignificant, the trivial, or, on the other hall(~, magnifies that which is small until it stands out in colossal proportions that seem grotesque to all others save the patient. Megalo-. mania is that form of insanity in which the patient imagines himself; to be of more importance than all other persons or objects.

It is only when we "come to ourselves" or rather when Christ· comes to us, that we see everything in right proportions. John Bunyan's parable of the man with the muck-rake, whom Christia~. paw in the house of the Interpreter, teaches the same lesson. How. often we gather rubbish and are blind to the glory of the angels and the Crown.

In 1922 it was my privilege, when visiting the Dutch East, Indies, to meet a missionary of the Rhenish Mission who had spent many years of faithful service on the west coast of Sumatra. He met me on the landing-stage at Sibolga and insisted on carting my' luggage in a little wheelbarrow to the mission house nestled in the palms with its adjoining church and dispensary. That night I slept in their neat, though simple guest room, and I shallile",er forget, the German verses which hung on the wall. They were written by, one of the mystics and, translated, read as follows: "Light of Eternity, Light Divine, Into my darkness shine, That the small may appear small And t4e great, greatest of all. Light of Eternity. shine!"

It is a beautiful prayer for a sense of proportion. This little· mission station, like a candle burning in the night, was far greater in its influence than the huge tobacco trade of Medan, the rubber market of Singapore, and the wealth of the Indies. It was because, lithe small appeared small and the great, greatest of all" that this band of pioneer missionaries have, within a single generation, lifted whole tribes of cannibals from heathen darkness into the inheritance of God's sons. Meditating on this prayer, I was led to study three passages in the New Testament which give the law of priority and insist that first things must be put first.

In the great prophecy of our Saviour, concerning the l~st days, the troublous times when wars and famines and earthquakes would· make men's hearts fail for fear, He tells ns that" .And the Oospel must FIRST be published among all nations" (Mark 13: 10). The only 13

'1'llli MISS!ONARY REVI:l!JW OF Tllli WORLD

hope of the world is the Gospel; all other questions that perplex men's minds, all other problems of history, the chaos and clash and com- motion all around us, are after all secondary. Our first duty is to carry the Go'spel to every land and every nation. Amid the winds of politics, the earthquakes of social upheaval and the fires of national or international disaster, we must listen for the still small voice, and it always has the same message-this Gospel first. When the waiting disciples desired to gratify their curiosity on the Mount of Olives, they asked a threefold question and Christ's' reply was a threefold rebuke. It was not for them to know the times and the seasons; they were not to be over-curious about the fulfillment of prophecy, but to attend to their business, which was to extend the message of the Kingdom. That Kingdom was not limited and localized; its bounds were beyond Israel, even to the uttermost part of the earth. The imperative of a primary duty demands that sec- ondary things shall take a secondary place, both in our thoughts and in our activities.

A secQnd passage in the New Testament also refers to this law of priority and this sense of proportion. It occurs in the great resurrection chapter, (1 Corinthians XV) where Paul explains the character and content of his Gospel which he received and delivered "first of all," namely, "That Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures. " Other foundation no man can lay than Christ cruci- fied. This is the real fundamental of the Gospel. Everything else is secondary. No other Old Testament or New Testament teaching can occupy this supreme place. When we realize what this involves for ourselves and how it determines our attitude toward others, then we are true Christians. If Christ died for our sins, His death is a reality. Our sins are exceedingly sinful, so that we experience the good news of forgiveness and are constrained to carry the mes- sage to others. This truth also determines our attitude toward all a who love our Lord. It was a Roman Catholic, Thomas Kempis, who put this great fundamental first in "The Imitation of Ohrist." It was a layman who; although professing to be a Unitarian, wrote the great hym:iJ., "In the Oross of Ohrist I, Glory. " Where men agree to preach the Oross, to glory in the Oross of Ohrist. to rest beneath that Cross, to find there the solution of the deepest ,problems in the ,universe, then we find in this great fundamental our one Lord, our otie Faith, and our one spiritual Baptism. To put this message first, foremost, at the front, is the secret of moral conquest and worldwide Victory. ' Mr. D. Eo' Hoste, of the Ohina Inland Mission, re- rently wrote: "As time goes on, it becomes more than ever apparent that little, if anything, can ,be hoped from changes in forms of government, and we are brought back to the fundamental fact that the Gospelof Christ alone provides a-solution of the prevailing sin and disorder, whether in individual, social, or political life."

1925J A NEW YEAR MEDITATION-FIRST '['RINaS FIRST

Once more Paul uses the striking phrase, "first of all": In his first Epistle to Timothy he says, "I exhort, therefore, that first of all prayers and supplications be made." Prayerhad priority in his program. Our first duty always and everywhere is to pray. If we do that, all other duties become easier. Unless we know the power of prayer, no great task is feasible. It is far easier to give of our substance to the missionary cause or to go in person than it is is truly to pray for the Kingdom. In the light of eternity,it astonishing how much time we spend in organization for big ,appeals, when the real work of missions must be accomplished on, our knees. Dr. Paul W. Harrison says in regard to one of the hardest mission fields, Arabia: "Working out here one comes to realize what is true, of course, every- wnere, that nothing but God's own divine power can open inen's hearts for the entrance of Christ, and nothing but His entrance will·meet their needs.

That means, I suppose, that the one thing we need is prayer. . . . It is a hard field, but it is in God's will to see it brought to a knowledge of Christ and Q-oa:s :will is something greater than all the difficulties in Arabia." . ., , 1 , ) , By putting these first things first, we will have an outlook and an insight and an outreach worthy of sons of God. Is there not a grave danger that in the present-day emphasis on the social,prob- lems of our age, men will turn to every remedy except the one supreme hope of the world, the Gospel of God's grace1 Is there not a danger that in carrying this Gospel,Jwe may fail to emphasize the heart of its message, which is the death of Christ for human ~in 7 Dr. Denney, in his book entitled "The Atonement and the Modern Mind," drives it home unmistakably: "If the atonement, quite apart from· precise definition of it, is anything to the mind, it is everything. It is the most profound of all truths and most creative. It determines more than anything else our conceptiQnof God, of man, of history and even of nature; it determines them, for we must bring them all, in sonic way, into accord with it. It is the inspiration of all thought, the key, in the last resort, to all suffering …… " The atonement is a reality of such a sort that it can make no compromise. The 'man who fights' it knows that he is nghtingfor his life and puts all his strength into the battle. To surrender is literally to give him,self up, to cease to be the man he is and become another man. For the modern mind, therefore, as for,the ancient, the attraction and the repulsion of Christianity are concentrated on the same point: the Cross of Christ is man '8 only glory or it is .his final stumblingblock."

.If th~ whole Protestant Church would put these' first things first -evangelism, the message of ihe Cross, and intercessory prayer'–:'

the revival for which many are longing and waiting would be here.

'~Light of Eternity, Light Divine, Into my darkness shine, . That the small may appear small ' . And the great greatest Of all. Light of Eternity, shine I"~

Malnutrition in

BY .JAY S. STOWELL, NEW YORK I s America surfeited with religious workers and religious oppor- tunities? The thought that we are over-churched is soothing to the economical soul who feels that he has been over-taxed for church upkeep and that the way is open for a radical reduction of the "overhead."

As a matter of fact, America is far from being surfeited with churches. It is true that there are evils in the present system that should be done away, but, if anyone is laboring under the delusion that the cost of carrying on our religious enterprises in America is going to be reduced radically when we really face the total religious needs of our communities in a statesmanlike way and undertake to meet them, that individual is a candidate for disillusionment.

Americl'J. is not "over-churched" whether considered quanti- ''tively or qualitatively. Certain communities in America are" over- (}hurched, " if we consider the total number of institutions in a given cdmmunity, but not if we have in mind a "more-than-adequate" religious ministry.

. First: What is a church ~ Do four dilapidated walls held to- gether by a leaky roof constitute a church? Does it consist of a list . of names on a roster1 Is it a group of people who come together once a month to hear a farmer-preacher interpret the meaning of religion 7 Is it an organization without a leader ~ These questions are pertinent, but we will not quibble. Let us look at some figures.

Including everything that can be classed as a church-Jewish, Roman Catholic, Mormon, Greek Orthodox, Jacobite, Holiness, Christilltn Science, Salvation Army, Spiritualists, Vedanta Societies, Volunteers of America and all the other Protestant and non-Prot- estant organizations-there were reported in 1922, 243,578 churches in the United States. In 1920, there were 271,319 public school buildings in actual use in the same territory, not including several thousand private and independent schools. In other words, the num- ber of public schools for one third the population exceeds by 27,741 the number of churches of all sorts for the whole population. There is also this difference that the schools were active while many of the churches were not functioning. One denomination with less than 6,000 churches reports more than 1,000 of them without religious ministry. Considered quantitatively, is America over-churched 7 We get a still more accurate conception of the situation when we consider the number of workers involved. For the years cited 679,274 public school teachers were at work while there were only 214,385 ministers of all creeds and sects in the same territory. In 16 other words, there were more than three times as many public school teachers as ministers and for one third as large a constituency. Note also, that a teacher is a teacher only when he is at work at the job while a minister is a minister from the time of his ordination until his death. In other words, a large number of preachers are not in actual service. The number of unordained directors of religious education and other special full-time workers in local parishes would not balance this deduction.

Protestantism is too much divided to be sure, but if our chief aim in getting together is to "cut down the overhead" then our hope is in vain-if we are really to do our work. Once we get together and face the task we shall find that it is larger than we imagined.

Let us illustrate by a concrete instance. In a certain community of approximately 9,000 population, there are nine churches (omitting the Roman Catholic) each with a salaried pastor. The combined congregations of these nine churches would fill one good-sized auditorium and the combined Sunday-schools would make only one goodsized church school. Here we may say is a case of flagrant "overchurching." Why pay nine men when we could get along with one ~ But wait! In the same community nearly seventy-five teachers are employed in the public school at salaries ranging from $1200 to about $3000, while not one person in the entire community is employed to teach religion to boys and girls or to train them in the Christian way of life. Reading, writing, and arithmetic are important, but so is religion. From the standpoint of an adequate religious ministry the town is tremendously "undermanned." The trouble is not that too many are employed, but that too many of the same kind are employed to do similar pieces of work. Nine men give their time to the preparation of eighteen sermons each week and the conducting of nine prayer meetings, but no one is employed to place the church school on a high level of efficiency, to organize and carryon week-day religious instruction, to conduct daily vacation Bible schools, to lead clubs, to supervise wholesome recreation, or to do other things for which the young life of the community is crying out.

From the standpoint of unsuitable and inadequate buildings and indifferent sermon-makers, the town may be over-churched, but from the standpoint of an adequate staff and an adequate religious program for the community-" No. " A united program would not mean a smaller staff or a smaller budget. It might, however, mean really doing the task.

The tragic thing about communities which employ seventy-five teachers to teach the three R's and not one to teach the fourth R, Religion, is the fact that so few people realize the inconsistency, or recognize the small value which they thereby place upon the religion which they profess. The tragedy is made worse by the fact that they really think the community is blessed with religious opportunities.

2

THE Mrl:lsioNARY REVI:Bw OF 'i'1U1

When we do face our task we find that it has two aspects, the one in communities which have the potential spiritual and financial resources to carry it through to completion and the other in those marginal communities, which for one reason or another are not able to meet their own needs. Those are the home mission communities.

Few people realize the enormous progress which home mission cen- ters have made in the putting on of a comprehensive program in our neediest communities. By increasing the number of staff members and by differentiating duties these miss:onary centers have, in many cases, blazed the way for laggard self-supporting communities by demonstrating that results can be achieved in the face of large diffi- culties when we are ready to pay the price in more comprehensive programs, trained workers, and consecrated effort.

In spite of achievement there remain literally thousands of com- munities unreached by the Church. Those communities are not fig- ments of the imagination. They actually exist. In them boys and girls are growing up who have never heard a Christian sermon, who have never been in a Sunday-school and never have read the Beati- tudes or heard the Ten Commandments. • A recent survey of 573 communities with populations of 1,000 or less, in western Washington, revealed that 379 of them were with- out the ministry of any church. Similar conditions exist in many other parts of America. Possibly our man-power is not wisely dis- tributed, but if every paid religious worker in America were used to the very best advantage there would still be large gaps in a very thin line.

Shall we condemn to religious illiteracy all individuals who fail to reside in communities of certain required specifications ¥ Has the Ohurch a program comprehensive enough to reach all ~ Shall we, like Pilate, wash our hands of communities which do not promise speedy "self-support" or shall we face seriously the task of bringing a . religious ministry to all the people T If the Church does not do this work, it will not be done. The church must provide religious training for the rising generation.

Bobbed-haired bandits, bootleggers, rum runners and a large host of their kin will disappear if we extend to every community in America the opportunities which are now being made available for some boys and girls now being reached by our best-trained Christian workers.

Is the task too big for the Christian people of .America?

We do not believe that it is.

There are many adjustments which need to. be made, but one which must not be tolerated is that of retrenchment, except as a seeming retrenchment on the part of a given denomination in a given community may open the door to a real advance in personnel, budget, and those other material resources through which we work to build the spiritual kingdom of God in America.

of Wesleyan Missionary History·

BY PROFESSOR HARLAN P. BEACH, D.D., MADISON, N. J.

F OREIGN missionary interest and activity among the Wesleyans of England date from half a century before the founding of the Society in 1813. In his Oxford years, John Wesley refers gratefnlly to the weekly missionary instruction given her children by his mother. She had read the story of the early work of Ziegenbalg and Pliitschau in India, and resolved that her sons should be inspired by the same enthusiasm and convictions that filled her heart, so that, as she says, "For several days I could think or speak of little else." A more indirect influence was that of Wesley's grandfather who, nearly a century before, had earnestly sought to go as a missionary to Dutch Guiana but was prevented by family circumstances. His own father also had formed a scheme of the same sort, proposing to the Archbishop of York that the British East India Company should be induced to facilitate the spread of Christianity, an object which he said "would be well worth dying for." Personally, he wished. to go as a missionary to India, China, or Abyssinia. It was the desire to serve as missionary to the Indians which led his son John to go to Georgia in 1735, though he found it impracticable to do more there than to have a few important conversations. This Indian prospect had so delighted his mother that she said, "Had I twenty sons, [she had nineteen children, John being the fifteenth], I should rejoice that they were all so employed, though I should never see them more." Though actually devoting his time to work for his fellow countrymen, his two years spent on the edge of the pagan world in Georgia established the future trend of his work. It is true that a sentence often quoted from his lips, "I look upon all the world as my parish," was uttered in defiance to the veto of the English parish priest who desired to restrict his evangelical tendencies at home, and was not a missionary dictum. ' 'The world expansion of Protestantism, however, commenced from this date."

To John Wesley's "right hand," Dr. Thomas Coke, however, belongs the main credit for the world-wide expansion of Methodism. His commission was given by Wesley in the words: "Brother, go out and preach the Gospel to all the world." Two years before Carey's great appeal had so moved the British Baptists, Dr. Coke issued his "Plan of the Society for the Establishment of Missions '" In the bnok reviews of the November issue was p,rinted a general estimate of the five-volume ('HIstory of the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society." probably second only to the History of the Church Missionary Society among all Protestant missionary annals. The work Is of such importance that we here call attention to a few of the outstanding facts of those volumes because ot their general importance. Hundreds of colorful incidents and biographical notes of special interest to EngUsh Wes]eyans would not be worth recalling for American readers. Here we too brie-tty jot down a :few et the many items which have missionary values and inspiratLon for Christians the world over. H. P. B.

19

Among the Heathen," the precursor of the Wesleyan Society, which was founded in 1813. The islands of the West Indies were the first part of the "heathen world" to be touched by Coke. There the British settlers were part of hIs parish, quite as much as the Negro slaves. Though he was "father" of the West Indian Churches, and was also a worthy coadjutor of Francis Asbury in the early planting of Methodism in the United States, not to mention less important efforts for the European Continent, Dr. Coke said in his latest years, when approached concerning another enterprise: "Excuse me; I am dead to all things but Asia." This holy passion led him to a watery grave off the East African coast when going to establish missions in Ceylon and Java. Yet his norms and personal objectlessons long influenced Wesleyan foreign missions.

The initial ,Wesleyan Missionary expansion was colonial, together with chance contacts on the Continent. Early Wesleyans went as soldiers, merchants and colonists to all the recently opened sections of the world and either insisted upon having trained leadership from B).'itain, or as laymen they started worshipping communities that later brought a regular ministry. In this way Methodism was planted in North America, where very little was done for the Indian, but where the greatest body of Wesley's followers in the world were from 1771 led by Francis Asbury, whom Professor Findlay calls "the second greatest man in Methodism."

After the formation of the Foreign Society, work for "the heathen" increased decade by decade, until today that is almost its sole issue. The latest available report of the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society shows that missionaries are now working in 105 churches of France, Italy, Spain and Portugal; in 82 churches of Ceylon; in 210 churches of India; in 140 churches of South and Central China; in 1,318 churches of South and West Mrica; and in 405 churches of the West Indias, a total of 2,260 churches, in foreign fields. The "other preaching places" are far more numerous than the head stations. Most of these stations are giving their main attention to the "natives" of the countries mentioned; yet their missionaries are also mindful of what Dr. Coke made primary in his day: "My prime motive was to be useful to the Europeans in India; and my second, though not the least, was to introduce the Christian religion among the Hindus by the preaching of the Gospel, and perhaps also by the establishment of schools." At the end of 1921 the W esleyans were conducting eight colleges with 3,103 stndents, thirtyone high schools with 7,547 pupils, and twelve theological and normal institntions with 713 students, besides a vast number of lower schools, swarming with pupils. The medical work, apparently not contemplated by Dr. Coke, is also extensive and very important. The wonderful work of the Society in the South Seas during the last century of which the Fijis was the crown, is no longer carried on

FEATURES OF WESLEYAN MISSIONARY HISTORY

by this Society, having become unnecessary by being taken over by the native church.

The "diversities of operations" of the Society are set forth in the fifth volume, where (on pp. 213-391) the work in the eight Indian districts is described under the headings of these parables, dis- tinctive of the circumstances in each: '·'The Sower," "The Leaven," "The Draw-net," "The Good Samaritan," "The Seed Growing Secretly," "The Marriage of the King's Son," "The Pearl of Great Price" and "The Mustard Seed." The breadth of the Wesleyan author of that chapter is seen in his closing paragraph: "His [the author's] view of our Church in the future is not that it will be a separate Conference of Methodism, but that it will become a part of a great Indian Church. The idea of an Ecumenical Methodism is no more likely to be realized in India than in Cl;i.ina. For many years-no man can say how long-India will need the services of our missionaries and the gifts of British Methodism; but the time may come when the missionaries whom we send abroad will be 'per- mitted to labor in connection with' an Indian Church, and our Missionary Society will enjoy the affection and esteem of that Church as a welcome auxiliary.' ,*. This is a far cry from an utterance of Dr. Coke in 1812, when in alluding to Wesleyan contributions to the London Missionary Society, Congregationalist and hence Calvinist: "When we are so pressed with debt, and if we are to employ hundreds or thousands of pounds in Asia, shall we employ them in establishing Calvinism in that immense country instead of Metho- dism~" .

These five monumental volumes end with these words, expres- sive of the teaching and spirit of the" History" as a whole: "These, then, are some of the notes of the Chinese Church of today and tomorrow-unity, liberty, evangelism; amd in loyalty to our common Lord who is the Way, the Truth and the Life, the best of all His gifts, the grace of charity. It is not desirable that the old divisions of the Western Church should continue for long in China. Methodism as such, as all the other communions, should probably cease to be, but into the great United Chinese Church of the future it will have poured its riches and live again. Its genius for using laymen in all the activities of the Church, its evangelistic zeal, its toleration of opinions, its insistence on religious experience as the basis of the Christian life, will have a deeper meaning and a wider usefulness in the day when all the separated children of God shall have been gathered into one.' 'Such an evolution and such a goal of a century's efforts are worthy products of Wesleyan missionary history.

• The author's footnote here reads thus: HThe National Christian Council of India has already effected a federation of the Protestant Cburches of India, and as at present constituted it consists of Indian and foreign missionaries in equal numbers,"

Sang-A Concrete

BY w. B. COLE, ffiNGHWA, FUKIEN Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1909· PASTOR SANG HAH I~ENG steps out of a strange background. His home village is in that part of the Hinghwa region of the Fukien Province known as "Beyond the Boundaries." When the Manchus attempted to establish their reign over China, they met with the most stubborn resistance in Fukien. Hinghwa City was one of the centers occupied. From the city, authority was gradually extended over the surrounding territory. But out towards the sea- coast to the southwest there was a region of untamable people whom they never succeeded ill' governing with any degree of completeness. To this region they gave the name of "Beyond the Boundaries," meaning that it was really outside the limits of complete jurisdiction. In this region there is a famous combination of thirty-six villages banded together for mutual support in dealings with other powerful organizations of the same region. Pastor Sang's home village was one of the number of this combination.

When Sang Hah Leng was a lad just entering his 'teens, a Methodist "circuit walker" penetrated "Beyond the Boundaries" and held services in his home village. With several of his neighbors, Sang joined a class that was established and from the beginrring of .his Christian life took an active part in church work. Often he led his neighbors in the little group prayer-meetings as they met in each other's homes. These meetings made a lasting imprint upon his life. Although his early decision to become a preacher soon led him away from his home in the pursuit of an education, yet he always looked forward to a homegoing and to meeting again with the little circle of neighbors who began the Christian life with him. In that little village of "Beyond the Boundaries," surrounded on every hand by the marks of heathenism, in a little chamber with earthen floor, with roud walls smoke begrimed, with a few pieces of crude furniture and with all the marks of poverty in their midst, it seemed, he tells us, that heaven was nearer than in any other place in the world.

For over thirty years the pastor has been a member of the Hinghwa Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, being now the pastor of the largest church in that conference, a church which at the present writing is the center of a great revival movement. His church not only has a student congregation of over five hundred but also has a large city and country membership. In the territory covered by his church there are over one hundred villages ranging in population from several hundred to several thousand, besides a city of some forty thousand inhabitants. In at least eighty of the 22 PASTOR SANG AND HIS FAMILY villages there are to be found Christians belonging to his church. His program includes plans for visiting everyone of these villages one or more times each year for the purpose of holding meetings and visiting the members in their homes. With the already heavy duties of a large city church, such a program is a large undertaking, but he carries it out in a striking way.

If one should invite Pastor Sang to attend a convention or to some other function that would take him away from his work during the opening months of the year he would refuse with the explanation that it was his harvest time and that it would be a poor sort of a farmer that would leave his ripened grain standing in the field and be· drawn away by less important matters. He calls the first three months of the year his harvest time because they contain the greatest holiday season of the year and are the months when the people have the most leisure. It is the time of the year when the Gospel gets the largest hearing. Pastor Sang takes the fullest advantage of this season.

A program covering a month is announced and posted in the church. For instance, it is announced that on Monday he will visit such and such a village, on Tuesday such and such a Village, and so on down through the days of the weeks and month, reserving only Saturdays for the preparation of his Sunday sermons. He has a twofold object in posting a month's program in advance. In the first place, it gives the villagers notice of his intended Visit, so that

they can make preparation for the· meeting. In the second place, it burns all bridges behind him. "For," he explains, "although on Monday I should feel a bit lazy, or the sky should look a bit lowering and the temptation came to put off my intended visit until the next day, with a fixed program I could not yield for those villagers are expecting me and I must not disappoint them. But without a fixed program I might yield to the temptation."

The villages to be visited vary from one to six miles in distance from the parsonage. Pastor Sang reaches them on foot. He goes out in the early morning, taking three or four lay workers along to assist in the meetings. He says that he has observed that the street venders usually have something to call attention to their wares. The fish peddler blows a horn, the seller of sweetmeats beats on a brass cymbal, and so on. So he believes that the preacher ought to have something to call attention to the gospel wares. In keeping with this view, he has purchased an accordion and has learned to playa number of gospel hymns upon it. As he approaches the village where he is to hold a service, he takes his accordion and begins to play, "Come to Jesus," or some like song. As the sound of this instrument and the tune are strange to the Chinese, they come running out of their houses or from their work in the fields to find out what is going on. As he marches through the streets playing, he beckons for them to follow, and with an increasing crowd he directs his steps towards the village temple or to some other public place where a meeting may be held. By the time he reaches it, he has a large audience.

The problem is to hold his audience until he has given the message. He now resorts to more of his "gospel baggage." He has with him a light bamboo frame which he proceeds to set up. On this frame he hangs a roll of the large lithographed pictures which some of the Sunday-schools of this land use and which a good many of them send out to the missionaries after they have done with them. These pictures never fail to take the eye of a crowd of Chinese. They like colors; and their homes seldom have pictures of any sort in them because they cannot afford them.

When Pastor Sang turns over the <lover sheet and exhibits the Drst picture, he has at once an interested audience. Let us say that these pictures are about Abraham, for it is a favorite subject of our preacher on these occasions. The Drst picture introduces Abraham and his wife. They are old and have no son. That fact arouses the profound sympathy of the Chinese everywhere. The man who has no male descendant is to be pitied above all other men. But listen, the preacher is saying that God promised them a son. The interest grows intense. And so he begins to unfold unto them that great promise which was to bring blessing to all the nations of the earth, even unto those who are standing there. If signs of restlessness

PAS'fOR SANG–A CONCRETE EXAMPLE

should be noticed he turns over another picture which continues the story. Or if he is not ready for the next picture he may twirl the corners of the pictures just to show them that there are more to come. Thus the attention 'Of the audience is held until his message is finished. In conclusion, he holds up a copy of one of the gospels saying that he has had time only to touch upon a few of the truths of this wonderful salvation, but that in his hand he holds a book which will tell them all about it. This book may be had for a penny.

After selling copies of the gospel to all who want them-and usually a large crowd presses around for them-he spends the rest of the time in talking to those who express special interest, in enrolling new inquirers, and in instructing the members living in the village. All are urged to leave off work on Sunday and come to PASTOR SANG WITH A GROUP OF CHINESE VILLAGERS attend worship at the big" Gospel Hall" in the city. At the close of the day he returns weary, but happy that he has had the privilege of service. .

Once I heard Pastor Sang state that he was reading four chap- ters from the Bible per day in his devotions. "I read one chapter from the Old Testament to learn how the men of old served God.

I read a chapter from the Gospels to find out how Jesus worked. I read a chapter from the Acts of the Apostles to learn how Jesus'

disciples worked. And I read a chapter from the letters to find out how Paul and the Apostles taught men."

In his life and ministry he exhibits much of the character of the men of old. Like the prophets he frequently teaches by striking object lessons. One of the hardest reforms which the Church has to make is that which pertains to marriage customs. The marriage customs differ in various parts of China. In Fukien these customs

have some very objectionable features. Wives are obtained by purchase as a rule. A large sum which often handicaps the husband with debt for years must be paid to the parents of his wife. Again, it is thought to be a calamity to be without sons in a family, chiefly for the reason that there will be no one of the family name to keep up the ancestral rites and thus appease the spirits of the dead. Frequently there are daughters in a family and no sons. To remedy this the father will seek for one of his daughters a young man who will be willing to give up his own name and "marry in," taking the name of his wife's family and becoming subject to his father-in-law. In other words he sells himself for a wife. As the purchase of a wife is sometimes impossible for the poor youth, many are to. be found who will agree to this arrangement. The custom of selling daughters and of "marrying in" sons is so deep rooted that the Church has made little progress in uprooting these practices among its clergy, to say nothing of among its membership.

Pastor Sang felt that it was not right for Christians to make merchandise out of their daughters, nor was it right to cater to an old superstition which took from young men their independence just because they chanced to be poor. ·When a very poor but otherwise promising young man sought the hand of his eldest daughter he took the opportunity of preaching his convictions in a striking way. In this he was helped by rumors, which started upon the announcement of the engagement, to the effect that this young man was to be married into the Sang family. Pastor Sang gave a church wedding and there before a large audience he prefaced the wedding ceremony with a statement as to his position towards needed reforms in marriage customs and by the announcement that this young couple were to establish a home of their own. He declared that not a cimt had been paid for the bride and that the groom was to retain his own name and all the freedom which went with it. He made a strong plea that the Church should stand for marriage customs in keeping with the spirit of the teachings of the Gospel. By his act he put the sincerity of his words beyond question.

Again, in the recent crisis growing out of the Japanese demands upon China, he exhibited some of the qualities of Isaiah in his preaching to the people. Feeling was running high. The Chinese people felt that undue advantage was being taken of their weakness. To them the country seemed to be in grave danger of domination by a foreign power. They feared enslavement and loss of nationality- To an audience filled with such fears, Pastor Sang, a few months ago, preached from the texts, "By their fruits ye shall know them," and, "Even now the axe lieth at the root of the trees; every tree therefore that bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down and cast into the fire." In his sermon he reminded the people of the continual com-

192(;] PASTOR SANG-A CONCRETE EXAMPLE

plaints which were to be heard on all sides about the corruption of the soldiers and the officials. "But," he asks, "from whence do the soldiers and officials come f Do they not come from the ranks of the people ~ Will a good tree bear such fruit ~ Then let us put the blame where it belongs. Let us say that our civilization is bad. That is why it produces bad soldiers and corrupt officials." He then declared to them that the civilization of China had the fundamental lack of the moral basis which only Christianity can give. After emphasis upon this point he came to the thing that is uppermost in all minds. He called their attention to the situation in Shantung province, saying that not only had the German concession of Tsing– tau been contrary to Germany's former declaration to the nations, but that other interests in that province were now under their con- A PART OF ONE OF PASTOR SANG'S SUNDAY CONGREGATIONS trol. He then spoke of the mysterious presence of several thousand Japanese in Fukion Province; which to them could only presage some new aggression and one which they well knew that they were powerless to resist. He then enforced the text: "Brethren the axe lieth at the root of the tree. The axe is Japan, the tree is China."

In his words one is reminded of Isaiah walking among the throngs in the city of Jerusalem or mixing with the crowds on the housetops and city wall watching the rising smoke from burning cities in the distance that marked the approach of the invader and telling them that it was the scourge of God sent against them for their sins. It was not a tirade against Japan. Japan was only the instrument. God had laid the axe at the root of the tree. And so he continues, "The gardener is not pleased with the tree, for its fruit has been evil. And now he has determined to cut it down and

cast it into the fire. What can we do to prevent it 1 We read in the Bible that once upon a time a man had a fig tree planted in his orchard. It had been there a long time but it had borne no :Ilruit. So he told the keeper of the orchard to cut it down and not let it occupy the space. But you remember that the keeper of the orchard begged his master to spare the tree until he had digged about its roots and fertilized it. Then if it would not bear he would cut it down. Perhaps if we will fall on our knees and earnestly plead with God He will give us a little more time with this unfruitful tree to see if we can make it produce good fruit. Oh, that I could be changed into ten thousand Sang Bah Lengs! I would go up and down the breadth of this land, through the streets of these cities and villages and cry out to the people to repent and change their ways that we might find favor in God's sight and avert the calamity that hangs over us."

Naturally, with such a program and with such a type of ministry, we would expect an impression upon the region to which he ministers. ,And we are not disappointed. During the year of 1914 over thirteen hundred inquirers were enrolled in his church. His chur{lh has a Sunday-school with an average attendance of over one thousand, using eight different buildings for the accommodation of the scholars during the teaching of the lesson and requiring three different sessions each Sunday. Four preaching services are held each Sunday with four different congregations in order to give all who come an opportunity to )lear. These four preaching services together with the three sessions of Sunday-school make services in the city church on Sundays almost continuous.

As we look upon this man and his work, it comes to us that the Gospel is just what Jesus claimed for it, and that it has the same power in the hearts of those far off in the ends of the earth that it does in the hearts of men of these Christian lands.

THE LORD WORKING WITH THEM. MARK XVI. 20.

O UR Lord has never withdrawn from the compact of partnership with His ambassadors. If we count on Him, we find that he is cooperating in church, and Sunday-school, and mission. There are a few rules to be observed, however, in this partnership: (1) We must be clean in heart and life. He cannot identify Himself with those who are consciously delinC!.uent. (2) We must not seek our own glory, but God's, and the pure blessing of men. (3) We must use the Word of God as our sword, our laver, our balm, our cordial. (4) We must be in loving harmony with those who name His name, as He cannot countenance seclusion or uncharitable feeling. (5) We must by faith reckon upon Him-as to the message before it is delivered, relying on Him during its delivery, and conferring witj1 Him about its effect.- F. B. Meyer.

IN COLOMBIA 'CARRYING THE IMAGE OF THE VIRGIN IN A

PROCESSION Facts About Unknown Colombia BY REV. ALEXANDER M. MiliAN, BOGOTA, COLOMBIA Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions I N 1836, when the Rev. A. W. Murray, after a five months' pass- age round Cape Horn in a small sailing ship, settled on the island of Tutuila, Samoa, where the population was less than 4,000 people, he passed by the immense continent of South America, peopled by millions of diverse races, to whom the Bible and its vital message were almost unknown. At that time there was not one Protestant missionary working in that great continent.

Protestant Christianity is strangely ignorant about conditions in South America and seems reluctant to embrace the fine opportunities there offered to assist those young democracies into a rational, democratic and spiritually vigorous state. .Japan, a compact nation with a population about equal to that of South America, has received much more attention than has the whole continent to the south of us. As to education alone there is at least sixfold more illiteracy in South America than in Japan. The more southern republics of this continent, having colder climates and a greater amount of European blood, are more progressive than the northern countries. They are also more predominatingly Roman Catholic. Colombia, the most northerly of all the South American republics, is equal in size to all the Atlantic coast states from Maine to Florida, with Ohio and West Virginia added. She is equal in area to Ger- 2~

MlSSIONA1tY REVH1W O.l!' TIlE WORLD

many, France, the Netherlands, Spain, Portugal, and the British Isles. Snow-capped peaks 18,000 feet high tower over the ridges of the Andean Cordillera.

Mighty rivers flow through her rich valleys. Immense cattle plains, over which a man may ride for weeks, border on endless primeval forests where red men tap the rubber trees in solitudes alive with alligators, mosquitoes and snakes. Coffee plantations also abound in the temperate regions. Gold, silver, emeralds, platinum and petroleum are mined. With the exception of some primitive red Indian tribes, who still subsist by hunting and fishing, an Colombians speak Spanish, even the large numbers of poor Indian agriculturists who form the backbone of the 6,000,000 inhabitants.

. After two centuries of Spanish misrule, political independence was achieved in 1810. Priestly domination has, however, checkmated openly the advance of this republic and is responsible for many revolutions. One of the Scotch soldiers who helped General Bolivar in his effort to free the country from Spanish rule, was Colonel James Fraser. Eealizing that a military victory would be futile if Christian light and life did not help form the character of the people, he wrote urging Scotland to send missionaries. Failing in this appeal Colonel Fraser wrote to the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. and in 1856 the Rev. H. B. Pratt was sent to open work in Bogota.

For forty years, one or two families, with poor equipment, wrestled for the spiritual conquest of the republic.

Today there are only three stations, occupied by thirty Presbyterian missionaries and four undenominational missionaries working on the Pacific coast and two on the Venezuelan border. The missionaries being largely occupied with work for about 1,200 children in their schools, the force available for aggressive evangelism is small. Even if trebled, it would be far too small. About fifty Colombian teachers, colporteurs or evangelists cooperate under missionary direction, ten organized churches and various groups maintain active work in a spirit of faith and prayer.. The working classes are very sympathetic; they welcome the Scriptures and desire Protestant schools. Scores of towns invite us to enter but Bibles, unless sold by Protestants, aTe almost unknown, and eighty per cent of the people cannot read or write. Any misgivings that one might have about the need of Protestant missions in South America will disappear when we understand the facts and see the life of the people.

A SCHOOLMASTER'S CONVERSION S- M- was a school teacher with a wife and family in a fanatical and backward province. Dissatisfied with ceremonies, and feeling a heart-hunger which masses in Latin could not satisfy, he appealed to a high church dignitary for permission to read the Bible.

25 1 1<'ACTS ABOUT UNKNOWN COLOMBIA

A PRESBYTERIAN MISSION SCHOOL FOR GIRLS IN BOGATA, COLOMBIA "What do you mean prying into those things which God has placed in the hands of His prelates; can't you trust them?" was the haughty reply. M- insisted, however, that he could be trusted to read the Bible, and finally, as a special concession, he was allowed to purchase a large Catholic Bible, at a cost of $30.00-about one month's salary for M-. He saw the ill-favor into which this step would bring him and could not pay the price required. Later, he purchased one from a Bible Society agent for sixty cents and he and his wife nourished their starving souls. They came to believe in the evangelical Gospel and through us supplied Bibles to many others. M- wrote exhilarating letters about his new-found freedom and joy. He ceased to attend mass and joyfully bore witness to their friends of the liberty of the Gospel of Christ. As a result he lost his position as village schoolmaster and was driven hither and thither, compelled to be idle for a long time. His children were not allowed to attend the public school, lest they contaminate others with their heresy. After his death, the wife removed to another town and strove to eke out an existence and educate her boys by means of a small store.

Colombia spends about $2,000,000 a year on education, but this public instruction must be carried out in accordance with the State Church, which selects all textbooks and supervises the schools. In practice it means that the country is paying for parochial schools,

insufficient and inefficient, whose chief object is the buttressing of the Roman Church.

From Girardot we rode .into Espinal, the town where the priests sell the holy belts, believed to have curative powers over men and beasts. One evening a large group of young men came to talk with us in the sitting room of the inn. We were explaining the Scriptures to them when the church bell began to ring out furiously. It was a dark night and heavy warm tropical rain was falling. Pandemonium let loose seemed to have assembled suddenly on that narrow, sandy street, where, at the call of the bells, boys, women, and the worst elements of the town were shouting, whistling and battering tin cans.

I continued with a discourse until a lump of mud smothered my glasses. While I was cleaning my eyes and face, my fellow-missionary, Mr. Chapman, took up the thread of the discourse. Soon the chief of the local police burst into the room with some policemen, shouting, "Out of this, all of you, there's no permission to hold this meeting." When he saw determination on the faces of the young men who stayed close to us, and noted the vigor of the muscular preacher from Kansas, he contented himself with protests. The landlady ran across the fields to an encampment of National Police, and besought them to come at once. A dozen uniformed soldiers hurried to the scene, took in the situation, showed the local policemen the door, and grounding their muskets on the tile floor, said, "Now you can preach all you want, the National Police protect you." Many of the people were in doubt whether to obey the priests or to respect the soldiers, but we continued the service. Many of the soldiers had attended our meetings in Bogota, and knew that freedom of worship is established in. Colombia by law. The young men congratulated us, asked questions, and bought books.

SEMINARY STUDENTS -WITHOUT BIBLES I once asked a priest how it was that he received money for the repose of the dead, without giving any guarantee as to the time of the soul's exit from Purgatory. He explained that masses for the dead shorten the term of suffering meted out to the souls undergoing purification, but that as not even the Pope knows the length of the term imposed on each one, the Church cannot set dates for the liberation. He denied my statement that Bibles could not be purchased except from us but we sought all the stores in vain. In the Roman Catholic Seminary where thirty young men were in prepara~ tion for the priesthood, a Greek and a Latin Bible were the only ones in evidence. They were placed on special desks, but the students did not possess Bibles or study t.hem as textbooks. The Seminary had none for· sale.

Is it. strange that many thousands in Colombia and in all South America beckon to evangelical Christians to "come over and help" 1

India's New

BY MISS CHARLOTTE C. WYCKOFF, RANIPETTAI, MADRAS, INDIA Missionary of the R"'formed Church in America, Teacher in the Girls' High Sehool Arcot Mission '

T HE other day, in reading the Madras Weelcly Mail, my eye was caught by the following letter: To the Editor of the Madras Mail: Sir,- The state of complete dependence in which the Hindu women are kept from hirth to the end of their lives, makes it impossible for the Hindu women to have self-reliance, without which a human being becomes a pitiful parasite.

Women of the other religions are better oft' than their Hindu sisters for in many cases they are obliged to depend upon themselves and an opportunity of CUltivating self-reliance is thus afforded them by which they largely profit.

But the Hindu woman, unless her family is actually destitute of means to keep her, is shut up within the four walls of her house. If the Hindu woman is left in this 'world as a widow without a male relative to support and care for her, she does not know what to do with herself. Having no self-reliance, she has no strength to withstand the trials and difficulties which must be encountered by a person on her way toward progress. Mr. Editor, is it not idle to hope that the condition of the Hindu woman will ever improve without individual self-reliance? In view of this I earnestly call upon the enlightened population of India to teach the Hindu women how they may become se1£- reliant, to consider it their duty, to the very end of their lives, to maintain and to advocate female education, bravely fighting the oppositions that may arise against their noble cause, bearing in mind that Almighty will always side the noble cause. Mr. Editor, is my call too much for the enlightened public T I trust not.

F. RAMAKRISNA VIJAYARANGAM.

The writer is evidently one of a host of us, who believes that, as someone has concisely put it, "what India needs is a new grandmother."

INDIA'S GRANDMOTHERS Picture the old grandmother of India. We walk down the palm- bordered street of the caste-section to her home. At the carefully swept threshold we step aside with exclamations of delight at the clever design, wrought so symmetrically with powdered chalk upon the smooth earth by her skilled fingers, as token that the blessing of Lakshmi might rest upon that thrifty house, swept and garnished and sprinkled with cow-dung water before the fir!,t light of dawn. Across the narrow porch, through the heavy carved wood door we go, through the men's room at the front and out again into the pleasant inner courtyard, snug and secure from the outside world. Here we find our grandmother enthroned as queen of her little kingdom. And she is every inch a queen-draped in rich-colored silk, with massive gold 3 aa

ornaments at neck, ears, arms and feet, proud and digniiied of bear- ing, patrician of face, courteous and hospitable to the visitor, yet eager and curious as a child to examine the visitor's strange apparel and know the reason for her queer ways. Her kingdom is the family; -the slender, bejewelled maidens who stand demurely attentive are her sons' wives, every act of whose life she directs. The adorable children, from the newest baby in his thirteen-year old mother's arms, to the sparkling-eyed little twelve year old awaiting her approaching marriage, and all that motley group of poor relations and other hangers-on that fill the background-these too are her loyal subjects, who love or hate her as the case may be, but in any case fear, obey and respect her.

But the grandmother's sway does not end there. Those handsome young sons, with their keen, intelligent faces may be free to go and come, to study arts or practice law, to break their caste at social reform gatherings where she may never go, or take part in mass meetings that make fervent demands for" female education," for aboli~ion of child-marriage, for freedom from caste and superstition. Let them once enter the walls of the house, and these newfangled ideas never come out, or are silenced with the first murmur. Does the son rebel against religious ceremonies that seem to his grown-up mind childish and futile1 He does them, just the same, at his mother's bidding. Does he desire freer and more companionable intercourse with his girl-wife, after the fashion of Western families of whom English novels tell him1 There is little privacy for such conversation, and less encouragement in the frowns of his mother and the timidity of his wife. As his daughter grows older, and he makes a firm stand about sending her to school, to school she goes on such days as she is not wanted for household tasks, and as long as .she is in her boisterous, troublesome childhood. But the day comes when she stays at home, and then even the most ardent debater for postponed marriage and higher education for girls, (i. e., up to eighth grade or through high school) finds himself face to face with a rocky barrier that can be scaled only by the use of a dynamite of force which he is unwilling, if able, to apply. Despite all the debates and the mass meetings and the social reform societies and speeches, the little girl is married, forgets nearly all that she has learned of a wider life, and becomfi!s, in time, after a long apprenticeship, hardened into the same mould, and a queen over a little kingdom of her own. Walk through the town, visiting homes of higher and lower castes, visit the villages which are the real India, and penetrate the pariah slums whose men and women, toil side by side in the fields all day and return to their wretched mud huts with their wage of rough grain at night, and everywhere. you will find the influence of the woman-the r~al barrier to India's progress. The writer of the

TRAINING INDIA 'S NE~ WOMAN

letter quoted above states the reason as being "lack of self-reliance" and mentions, as the most concrete solution of the difficulty, increase of "female education."

WHAT INDIA's WOMEN NEED We agree that self-reliance, both physical and intellectual, is a very important part of what India's "new woman" needs, but it is evident that she will gain it, not merely through going to school, but by a type of education which is carefully adapted to her needs. In the large cities where, as a result of enlightened parents, large num- bers of girls now study, before or after marriage, in high schools, normal schools and even in medical schools and colleges, it is noticeable that mere attendance at classes and passing of examinations does not solve the problem. If the school has what parents admiringly call "very good discipline," the girl may emerge from her years of training very glib at reciting History and English but otherwise as docile, as dependent, and as much of a clinging vine as if she had spent the years grinding curry-stuffs under her motherin-law's supervision. If, on the other hand; she has plunged too suddenly into freedom, she comes out full of an unreasoning restlessness and rebellion which may lead her into tragedy. Those who are engaged in the business of training India's new woman, whether as administrators or teachers, whether Indians or outsiders, are faced with this problem of building up for her an education which "rill send her forth strong and courageous, clear of thought, capable of hand, combining with all her natural grace and dignity the vigor, sincerity and devotion that will enable her to meet wisely the problems life brings to her as a citizen of..the New India.

Every school has its own way of meeting 1Jhis problem. The Girl's High School at Ranipattali is located in allltlbscure corner of the great Madras Presidency, which was the first to grant the right of suffrage to women owning, property. We are far from the progressive city, in a conservativ:e old town ringed about with rice-fields -a town, where intelligent Hindu men attend and applaud school exhibitions and make frequent 'eloquent spe(jches on the education of women, but do not succeed in securing for their ,Qwn daughters more than three or four years of schooling. "Learning~" say the grandmothers of our town. "'What is learning for1 How will learning help a girl to blow the fireT"

A VISIT TO THE GIRLS' SCHOOL It is Friday noon in our school and in the shade of the inner veranda the children lie in rows on their grass mats for the rest-hour before afternoon classes. Out in the kitchen and dining-hall, some of the" big sisters» are still cleaning up after the noon meal-carrying earthen pots of water on their hips from the well, mixing a

disinfectant with each pot, and then washing and scrubbing the stone floors and the drain. Others are in the store-room with the Matron, measuring out the food-stuffs for the next meal, for they will start to "blow the fire" as soon as the kitchen is clean. (Perhaps it is not too much to hope that if we realize to any extent our ideal of training them to think and act for themselves, they may not only learn to blow the fire more efficiently but may devise a better sort of fire than. that over which their ancestors have squatted for generations.) Rajammal, who is the head of this "set" of four workers, is in a hurry to start the cooking, for she is commissioned by the Sixth Form Domestic Science class to try an experiment. For two weeks the Sixth Form have been on the subject of "Food Values," and already they have turned the searchlight of their new knowledge upon the school menu, and discovered a deficiency in proteins and fats. The Domestic Science teacher, who is also, unhappily, Chancellor of the Exchequer, is obliged to confess that the budget permits of no more meat and eggs. Can the class suggest anything else? So the class has been poring over caloric lists of Indian grains and foods, obtained from a government bureau, and each member of the class is going to tryout a new idea in cheap proteins when it comes the turn of her set to cook. Rajammal is experimenting with the possibilities of introducing peanuts into the curry-unheard of combination! Even the Matron, who is hardened to innovations by this time, hands over the peanuts with a skeptical smile and, washing her hands of the matter, departs. Rajammal, whose shyness in class reminds her American teachers of a certain "wee, sleekit, timorous, cowerin' beastie" now jumps to her work with a vigor and a sparkle that make the younger members of her set stand around. When the two 0 'clock bell summons the "head" to her chemistry laboratory and the others to various classes, preparations are under way so that the meal can be cooked between four and six. Then the school will give its verdict on the new curry.

Meanwhile, during the hot noon hour while Rajammal's set are washing rice, grinding curry-stuffs and shelling peanuts, Kamala, head of the ·cleaning squad for the day, is having an unhappy time. Soon after her gay departure from the scene of action, a "queen" came around to inspect, with the result that Kamala. has been recalled and faced with the unmistakable evidences of a Third Repetition of an Unforgivable Sin. This must be capitalized, for emptying the garbage out of the back door is an "unforgivable sin." Kamala's own mother at home, and her neighbors in the village, share her attitude toward garbage-that "out of sight is out of mind." Before this Kamala has been obliged to recall her scattered squad and convey the garbage to its proper pit and burn it; but now on her third offense-oh why did she cast her vote for that girl to be Queenshe must not only do this, but must be summoned to the Court!

TRAINING INDIA '8 NEW WOMAN

With this ultimatum the Queen hurries away, to slip her written statement of this "case" into the box, before it is opened. This Queen or Ranee-as we call her in Tamil-is the elected representative of one of the four groups into which the six upper classes of our school are divided. Each grouJ)—–{lalled a "house" in anticipation of the day when we shall really have four separate cottages-elects its own Queen and Princess at the beginning of the year, and the four houses acting together as the "United Nation," elect a member of the Sixth Form to be Maha-ranee or Chief Queen.

As Kamala's accusing Queen reaches the box with her slip, the Maha-ranee is in the act of performing her weekly duty of opening the box and taking out the other reports of offences against the law. Ten minutes later the "Low Court "-or Court of Common Pleashas begun its weekly session in an empty class-room. At the desk stands the Maharanee, aged eighteen, conducting the session by parliamentary procedure with a quiet dignity that little suggests the timid, inarticulate child of four years before. At the desks sit the eight members of the jury-the four Queens or Ranees, who are Fifth or Sixth Form girls, and four of the Sitthi (aunts) who are teachers, making two representatives from each house. The accused with their accusers and witnesses are tried one by one until the two o'clock bell precipitates a hasty adjournment. The teachers fly to their classes, and the Maharanee, all through the ensuing class in English History, is mentally comparing the Constitution and Laws of our "United Nation" with the Constitution and Laws of England in the reign of the Stuarts-somewhat to the advantage of the former!

Across the hall in the chemistry laboratory, Rajarnmal and others who prefer Science to History, are absorbed in proving the identitv of a new and unknown substance. In the Fourth Form classro'om, the teacher is on the back seat, and a member of the class, at the desk, conducts a discussion of Home Rule for India by "Gandhi, Tagore and Lord Reading." On the time-table this class is called English Oral Composition. At half-past three today classes stop to give way to the Friday "Literary and Debating Society" for which the older girls gather in the main hall. The Third Form, arriving just in time from their two hours of "Home Nursing" at the near-by hospital, make their debut in debating on a subject chosen by themselves, "Is it right to kill animals for food 7"

At half-past four, the older girls gather for their" gym. class." The victrola plays a gay tune and the long line marches in, eyes brightening, bangles and anklets clinking faintly in time to the music. The teacher looks them over with a critical eye. She has suffered for this class! First she has cajoled an overworked doctor into making a thorough physical examination of each girl. She has labored with superstitious parents to secure necessary treatments. She has teased, coaxed and driven the girls into class, when they would far

rather lie down with a headache, or languidly stroll in the garden, or embroider on the veranda. She has carried them through their first days of stiffness by the attraction of music and her own enthusiasm-and now, look at them march! Despite their graceful, but hampering draperies, they can walk alertly, follow orders quickly, and do exercises with real snap and vim. To be sure, this girl and that and that have slight curvatures from carrying heavy baby brothers on their hips when they were little, several are still stooped from early schoolroom days, but that is what you would find in any class the world over. What is not so apparent to every eye is the physical heritage of these girls-the long line of child-marriage and seclusion back of them which must be responsible for these slight, delicate bodies which may grow fat and flabby with age, but have so Iowa power of resistance to disease. Add to this a nervous instability that leads many into hysteria and neurasthenia, and you see what a grave responsibility lies with those who guide such girls through a difficult and taxing high school course of study. .The setting-up exercises are over now, and the girls laughingly choose partners for folk-dancing. Under the spell of the catchy music and the jolly companionship they will jump and skip and bend without a thought of stiff muscles or lost dignity, and with the joyous abandon comes a growing freedom in every sort of expression. Many are· pressing bond first breaks and disappears in the physical work, leaving the stiff and inarticulate girl more free, the lackadaisical one more active. Then they run outdoors to play, in the cool shadows of late afternoon, so limbered up that they romp and skip about like children, who have been accustomed to it. Up goes the tennis-net, up goes the badminton net, with a scramble for bats. The whistle blows as basket-ball and volley-ball begin. The left-overs join their "little sisters" in skipping-rope, hop-scotch or Indian games. Lazy girls, who sneak off into quiet corners, are beguiled into their "house, team" to practice for the matches at the end of term. Sometimes ~ group leaves the playground for a "Bird Walk" or "Botany Walk,'~ and after dark on Saturday nights, a "Star 'Walk," with a natUre:·, loving teacher. The outdoor world, in the cool resplendent sunset hour, is our greatest classroom, where many a lesson is learned of working together, standing up under hard knocks, playing fair-and where eyes once blind are opened ·to a" glory and a dream" that can never pass, however dull and narrow their future range of vision.

On this Friday night the supper ben rings early, and the girls hurry off exclaiming excitedly" Drama! Drama! Drama!" This is the first Friday of the month and the Fifth Form's turn to entertain the school during a festive evening. Some inquisitive youngster, flattening herself against the outer wall of the classroom where re-' hearsals took place, has discovered and spread the news that this is. no ordinary performance gotten up by the girls themselves with

TRAINING INDIA'S NEW WOMAN

impromptu lines and a buffoon making everyone merry, but a real play, coached by the parndit or Tamil classics teacher, so excitement runs high. While stage properties and seats are being arranged at one end of the moonlit court, after supper, the impatient children give vent to their feelings by skipping and clapping their rhythmical kwmmi around a palm at t.he other end. Their song, taken out of its flowing Tamil syllables, is something as follows: "Mr. Moon, hold up your light! Look down touight and see us playing! Happy children in a ring so sweetly singing all together. In the palace all is dark. The reason 1 Hark! A girl is born! Heed not, maidens! Speed not, maidens! Dance and sing till early morn."

Faster and faster spins the laughing circle round the palm in the moonlight; springing in and out and snapping fingers, till the bell precipitates a mad rush for seats near the stage.

Only the cement floor for both stage and pit, with the veranda for balcony, a bench or two for boxes, a sari for back-drop and our dignified pa;ndit with his hand-harmonium for orchestra-yet for three hours we are carried to another world as we live over the old, old story of Harischandra and Chandramathy as sung and acted by our transfigured Fifth Form. The pathos of the tale, and the lovely, haunting melodies in which it is told, silence the boisterous mirth and bring tears to our eyes.

The girls also work hard at Indian music, practising away at the violin, thambool, veerna and hand-harmonium, learning the science of the different rahas and scales, in the hope of developing a real baja;nai or orchestra. And thus we are trying, beside bringing to them all the best that the West has to offer, to help them to develop all that is finest in their own heritage.

Who are these girls who are permitted to live year after year in such a mixture of castes in a boarding school, playing basket-ball, learning to govern themselves, studying everything from calories to Shakespeare, at eighteen and twenty still unmarried and free to decide whether they will become nurses or doctors or teachers before marrying1 Is this not a contradiction of all that has been said about the conservative old town whose girls, if of the higher castes, spend their days for the most part in the seclusion of their inner courtyards, or if of the lower castes, toil beside the men from sunrise to sunset1 Fortunately we do not have to wait until we can convince India's grandmothers by words that education can help a girl not only to blow the fire but to do much else that is really worth while. We can convince them by showing them, for we have at hand plenty of material for our experiments in the girls of the Indian Christian community. This community, which now constitutes about one sixtieth part of the population, while sharing the traditions and social customs of a great variety of castes, is with each succeeding generation in-

creasingly free from many of their impediments to progress. They have a passion for education, and most of them educate their girls as well as their boys. The laws of the Church forbid marriage until at least sixteen, so the Indian Christian girl is generally allowed some measure of girlhood between childhood and womanhood. It is the girls of this community that fill our high schools and colleges to their utmost capacity. Those who have the intellectual ability to complete a university course have before them unlimited possibilities for a great career, especially in these days when, with the transfer of education into Indian hands, there is great demand for women qualified for administrative positions.

So the grandmothers of our town see before them year in and year out a group of a hundred and seventy-five girls who, though they defy every tradition of caste and sex, yet emerge as capable housewives, good neighbors and something more. The "something more" first shocks, then interests, then attracts them. Little by little they come to see and go away shaking their heads, but send their little granddaughters to our elementary branch school which is at their very door-steps in the town, and yield to persuasion to keep them there yet one more year, and then again one year! Four or five are so bold as to send girls by cart daily to attend classes shoulder to shoulder with Christian girls of who-knows-what caste extraction in our boarding school, where the sight of older classes stirs their ambition to continue. Perhaps the ambitions of these girls must be laid aside and they must marry as the others have, at twelve, but they will not forget the glimpse they have had of other possibilities. When they become grandmothers and mothers-in-law they will not so lightly brush aside the ambitions of their daughters for some period of carefree girlhood and stimulating study before marriage.

And so, as years go by, in the conservative old towns and villages as already in the big cities, the daughter of Sita and Savitri and Damayanti becomes the "new woman"-the self-reliant leader of the New India. If we can seize our opportunity to make her education thoroughly Christian in principles and ideals, it is this "new woman" who will lead the New India to Christ.

"THE A CHANGE OF VIEW sending of missionaries into our eastern possessions is the maddest, most expensive, most unwarranted project that was ever proposed by a lunatic enthusiast," was what the British East India Company said at the beginning of the nineteenth century.

"In my judgment Christian missionaries have done more lasting good to the people of India than all other agencies combined," was what the English Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal said at the close of the nineteenth century.

ABORIGINES ENGAGED IN A TUG OF WAR AT CHRISTMAS

"Beyond the Never Never"

Among the Australian Aborigines BY "LARLA" (MARGARET MATTHEWS), GOULBUfu", ISLAND NORTH AUSTRALIA '

.T HIS little letter was handed me by a messenger tonight, from one of my brown pupils. "Dear 'Larla'- I want to tell you something. Please Larla when 'Tala Tala' (our missionary) comes back, please will you tell him, that I got no boy, to sweetheart with to me. Please Larla, I like to be a single girl, just like you Larla. I like to be a teacher, and tell the boys and girls about Jesus Christ. This is quite true. Nothing else to tell you with best wishes and Love from MARDECK."

Far, far from any city, lives Mardeck, an Australian Aboriginal -seventeen years of age. She lives on a small island two hundred and forty miles from a post office or store. She has been on a mission station for only about five years. Her people were cannibals and when she came to us she was a wild child of the bush. What a great change has taken place in her in a short time.

This Australian Methodist mission is the outcome of the interest shown by Mr. J . M. McBride in the Australian Aborigines. A sum of money was placed in the hands of the treasurers of the Missionary Society, stipulating that it would be available for the work if a mission should be opened within a specified time.

Reverend J as. 'Vatson was appointed to visit the Northern Territory in 1915 and chose the Goulburn Islands as a suitable site for the mission. The Board accepted the suggestion and appointed Mr. Watson superintendent. He and a lay missionary (Mr. A. E .

41

Daurence) arrived at the island on June 22, 1916, in a 12 ton lugger Venture. They brought with them materials for house buildings and stores. The pioneers lived in a bark hut for a few days, while they cut their way through the dense undergrowth to the chosen site. The Blacks came in large numbers and rendered valuable service in various ways.

On September 5th a gunshot fired in the bay announced to the lonely men the arrival of a little launch, the Don, With Mrs.

Laurence and a mission "Sister" on board. In the eight years since that time other workers have come and gone and many changes have taken place. A new mission at Elcho Island (one hundred and forty miles east) was opened in 1912 but has had to be abandoned, owing to 'an oil company prospecting there. The Crocodile Islands, whither the natives went from Elcho Island, were then occupied and other tribes came, some of whom had never yet seen a European. One advantage in this work is that we are not obliged to learn the native languages for the pupils are very quick to learn English.

Revere~d and Mrs. Keipert (who have been in charge for the past four years) arrived at Goulburn Island Mission on June 19, 1920. Two years later I arrived as a "Sister" missionary. We are a happy little community of three adult Europeans and a baby boy, the native helper and his wife and children. Some of the Abo- rigines to whom we have told the wonderful message of God's love have already accepted the Saviour of the world.

During four months of the year, the hurricane season makes it impossible to send our mission yacht to Darwin (our nearest town) for mail, and so we are cut off from our dear ones at home. It takes from four days and nights, tossing about on the sea, to three weeks, to reach Darwin.

Considering that this mission is barely eight years old, the progress is remarkable. One hundred and fifty natives, :forty-six of whom are children, are cared for in our dormitories. Mothers and fathers and friends are able to see and speak to them, and watch them grow in wisdom. There is daily instruction and employment for the adults. .

Medical Department.-This is the work by which we can reach the hearts of many. There has been only one death recorded among the dormitory children since the mission began. They live the simple life and soon overcome their ailments. There are many serious dis- eases among the adults, which need professional attention; not being able to secure such aid, we treat the patients with the remedies required, trusting in the Lord Jesus to use our efforts, and pray that the sick may trust Him. There is still much superstition among them. From infancy they make hideous faces, to represent a "minya" (devil) and frighten each other in play. As they grow older they have a fear of being under a spell, when some evil de-

"BEYOND THE NEVER NEVER"

signed "medicine man" has speared them. There IS no visible wound, but a day is fixed when they will die. This affects them so mysteriously, many become ill through fear and some succumb.

"Dick 'im close up finish." Dick's lttbra (wife) was informing me that her husband was dying. "What is the matted" I asked. "Some black fellow been kill 'im longa bone." It appears he found a bone in his throat on waking up one morning and believed an enemy had some evil design on him. He was certain it would be the cause of his death. His lubra too was sure his end had come. I asked him if he "savvy (understand) that. One Father longa Heaven ~ Suppose one man kill you, Dick. God He look. We ask that One Father make you better, you no more die. You savvyf You think that true, Dick1" Fortunately Dick had some knowledge of the SOME CHRISTIAN AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINES AND NATIVE MISSION WORKERS Saviour and was convinced He could cure him and today he is still a living witness of what God can do for these dark souls.

Another case was one of my dormitory girls. She was trembling uncontrollably. Her pulse was below normal and she was unable to answer me; a fear possessed her. vVe discovered later a "medicine man" had cast his magic spell on her. He had taken some of her hair. She told me later these men have power to cut out a person's Mart and put in a stone, without it being known. A day is fixed when that person will die. A short time ago this girl had professed to give her heart to Jesus. Now an opportunity came to show that she had cast this superstitious fear aside. She did and was delivered.

A native teacher said recently, in his prayer: "Bless all these people and bring them out of the jungle into the Light." Another ' native helper said in an address: "Now we come here to thank Jesus. He look after me. Now I tell you Jesus, He been speak 'Knock and it shall be opened unto ypu.' Balanda (white man) been teach me, knock at the door first time, then Balanda talk, 'You come in.' Reme11lber, Jesus talk, knock ang it shall be opened l.mtQ you."

BY MRs. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHI,ENBERG BLDG., PHlLADELPIDA

FIRST STEPS 2. "Bt£dget YO'Itr time" has come as Mr. Foster's book, "First Steps for a new thought to many people and Little Feet," has helped thousands of has not come at all to some churches. mothers and fathers to direct the first Bewildered spendthrifts of money steps of their children in Bible ways. who formerly asked, "Where does the money go f" are learning to put it "First Steps" naturally suggests down in black and white in these days "Little Feet." Unfortunately in mis- of budgets, but in many churches sionary practice there is need of a three hundred and sixty-five days slip volume on first steps for feet in larger by without any definite missionary sizes. budgeting, as to their use. Why not look a year in the face as we are In hundreds of churches there are learning to look our incomes in the yet men and women who had no mis- faee, and sct aside certain days for sionary training in childhood and who missions, and make definite plans for have no missionary interest now. Too them, in addition to using the everyfrequently the missionary plans of a day missionary opportunities T church reach only a small inside group. MORt churches have good intentions and very indefinite plans, with little !<'ive suggestions for reaching those idea of how many missionaries or who have not yet taken their first Board Secretaries spoke in their missionary steps should prove helpful, church last year or how many will speak next year. Set your sails in- 1. "In our church we have found stead of simply drifting along. Dethat a series' of public missionary pro- termine that a certain number of misgrwms in which the children take part sionary leaders and speakers shall has enlisted the interest of parents have place in your program for the and friends who have previously had year. The little groups reached by no missionary training. We have had the missionary societies are far too special missionary programs for small. Plan to have strong mission- Christmas, Easter and Thanksgiving. On each occasion the church has been ary presentations made to your entire filled with people, more than half of whom never come to a regular mis- congregation not once but a number sionary meeting. People always at- of times each year, and give your tend meetings in which their children members a chance to hear your mishave part. ,Ve choose programs that sionaries and your secretaries. have a real missionary message and give real missionary information. 3. For several years the first Pres- "Then there is an offering with a byterian Church of Norristown, Pa., clear explanation of the work to has held an annual Mi~sionary Con- which it is going. When people have ference. The Conference includes two made a gift for any cause they are Sundays and five week days. At this always interested in hearing about year's Conference a Secretary of the what their money is accomplishing, Board of Foreign Missions spoke on therefore, all dlVing the year we pub- t,he first Sunday at both the morning lish notes in the Church Bulletin and the evening service. On Monday about the work for which certain evening there was an address by a offerings were maqe. " missionary from China. Tuesday eve- 44

BEST METHODS

ning was given to India, and Wed- "Why, I don't know a thing about nesday to the Moslem World while it myself," she answered.

Thursday and Friday evenings pre- 'l'he President, smilingly, agreed to sented Africa, with addresses by a her statement. Presbyterian missionary and a representative of the China Inland Mission. if "yBouutdIiddoknkonwow~o"msehtehiandgdeadbo"utthiatt, On the second Sunday morning a secretary of the Board of Christian Edu- you have the ability to present it as cation spoke, and in the evening the very few of the members of our address was given by a Secretary of church could present it. I can let the Board of National Missions. you have the magazines and reports containing all the facts about the A pamphlet recently issued shows work, and I am quite sure that if you that during the last five years fifteen would give some time to studying Mission Board Secretaries and forty- them, you could get the facts clearly four missionaries have spoken in this in mind yourself, and give us such a church. The missionaries represent survey of the year as we have never the countries of Africa, Arabia, Bra- had before in our missionary society. zil, China, India, Japan, Korea, New You have had experience and training Hehrides, Persia, Philippines, Syria, as a speaker and a club leader that Hnd United States of America. very few of our women have had."

A majority were Presbyterians but As a result of a definite assignment, among the !Speakers were Congrega- with the necessary materials furtionalist, Lutheran, and Dutch Re- nished, the next meeting of the Misformed missionaries. Iu many other sionary Society had an exceptionally churches it would be possible to hold clear presentation of the work, and a a week '8 missionary conference once leader who had never before been ina year with missionary speakers for terested was enlisted. two Sundays and five week days, even though such a varied assortment of RURAL MISSION STUDY missionaries was not available.

Such a plan not only affords oppor- Not many years ago the pastor and tunity of enlisting those who have Rut a small number of elderly ladies in been interested but also strengthens each parish, were the only individuals all the missionary forces of the who'knew and appreciated the needs church. of the non-Christian world. There 4. Lack of interest is frequently were no opportunities for the rank due to lack of information. One of and file of the women in the churches the best methods of gettiug missionary to get the necessary information for information is through personal con- the creation of enthusiasm, and for wet with missionaries'. A missionary the development of consecrated work- physician on furlough was placed, as ers. This condition was particularly a convention guest, in a home in trne of the women in the rural which there was no missionary inter- churches. They knew of no world ex- est. Her thrilling stories of her work cept the one bounded by their natural enlisted the entire family and every vision. A change has taken place.

member came out to hear her address. The . organization of mission study Their personal interest in one mis- classes has brought missionary in- sionary was gradually enlarged into formation to hundreds of thousands a general interest in all missionaries of people. In city churches the idea and in the entire cause of missions. was comparatively easily developed 5. A very capable woman, who was into a reality, but much is still being well known in her woman's club, and written and asked about the possi- little known in her missionary so- bility of mission study in rural dis- ciety, was asked to present in a com- tricts. Such classes are possible, if prehensive way the last year's accom- properly organized and directed. Un- plishments in missionary work. improved roads and lack of efflcient

leadership are the greatest hindrances Many women are now'willing to take part to all progressive work in country districts. What methods must be used in the lesson study_ New teachers and to establish classes and arouse interest under such conditions ~ Iron-clad leaders are being dCl'eloped constantly. rules of organization are not feasible, yet all localities demand the funda- 'l'he regular and systematic study has mental principles of system, punctuality, and faithfulness. created a taste for general missionary in- In one rural community there is a formation, and has vitalized Bible study and large church situated on a prominent elevation. From miles around the prayer. farming folk come to worship. With the pastor's wife as Superintendent, Christian charader has been developed in all of the women of the congregation were divided into groups of about ten its highest 8ense. mcmbers each. There was a group for each eountry road and village street, In each rur"l community there are women each group forming the nucleus of a mission study class. The Superin- of prayer and consecration who are meettendent found a teacher and an assistant teacher' for each class. The ing to work for their Master. The power leaders were devout, Bible-loving, se1£- sacrificing women, who were conse- and influence of mission study classes under crated to the cause of missions. To the first meeting only the Superin- such leadership cannot be estimated_ tendent, the teachers and the assistants were invited. They planned Bad roads are forgotten, and efficient and prayed, and agreed on the following policies: leaders and teachers are trained for the All classes to meet at the same hour on future. ALICE SMITH RICHARD. the ,same day. EXPRESSING MISSIONARY IM- Meetings to be held e,very two weeks. A:1l teachers report attendance and'ol other PRESSIONS items of interE>st to the Superintendent. Plaee to be given at each meeting for a Mrs. Taul White, Mission Study Bible rea(1ing, prayer, lesson study, and an Chairman for the Baptist Women's offering. Missionary Union of Georgia is not No music and no refreshments. content with mission study that does Meetings to last one hour. not follow up its impression with ex- If any unnsual situation aTose the Super- pression. She not only reports the intendent to bo consulted. number of study classes and the text- books used, but mentions also these In addition to the regular mission practical and concrete expressions of study, the items of interest from re- impression: P9rts of synodical and general conventions were discussed and all the One class sent a stereopticon to a women present had opportunity of kindergarten in China. becoming familiar with the general work of the church. Literature of the Following a vivid presentation of Extension Department was also dis- the needs of the people of the Southtributed. ern Mountains another class provided a scholarship in the Mary P. Willing- After four years results of the plan ham School at Blue Ridge Mount,ain. arc evident: After studying China's sick mil- The attendance has been nearly one hun- lions, a class sent a box of hospital dred per cent which means that practically Rupplies to Dr. Ayer's Hospittl: in all the WOID,en of the church have been in- China. telligently interested in the mission study books of the last four years. At the close of a series of addresses on South America, a hymn was sung, followed by prayer and the benedic- tion, but no one left. 'fhe need for a missionary to be sent to Chile had been laid upon every heart and no formal dismissal could send the peo- ple home. Finally the Superintend- ent of the Sunday-school broke the silence by saying, "I don't see how I can give any more than I have already undertaken, but I wilL"

With such a start everyone was ready to follow and in a few moments a sufficient amount to equip and send out a missionary and his wife, had been subscribed_

1925J BEST METHODS

A SIX WEEKS' SCHOOL OF College, and a pageant, "The Chal- lenge of Today." MISSIONS The last lecture was given by a The First Baptist Church.of Rome, well-known missionary from Japan. Georgia, conducted a successful six 'fhe audience were surprised to find weeks' School of Missions during Feb- the assembly room literally transruary and March, 1924. To plan the formed by a .Japanese setting, and the work the following chairmen were ap- missionary's presentation of her work pointed: Cha,irman of Publicity, who in Japan was so vivid that the whole was charged with the responsibility of audience fe"a they had seen their work furnishing notices for the daily in the Sunrise Kingdom with their papers, and the church bulletins. The own eyes. Jlap Chl1!irman, who was to make maps, charts and posters. A quickening of missionary inter- est, and an increase of missionary in- The Chail"man of the Hause Com- telligence, ana a renewed consecramittee, who was responsible for seeing tion to missionary service have been that everything was in readiness for among the results of the six weeks of the classes. The Chairman on Pro- mission study. gram, to make arrangements for the most inspiring speakers that could be cmOULATING THE LIBRARY obtained. Mrs. William Harris, of Thomas- Six circles of the women of the Mis- ville, Georgia, suggests, in The Chris- tian Index, the following plan for the sionary Society served a supper for circulation of a Mission Study Lieach of the six meetings. Many inter- brary: cessors prayed earnestly in advance of the meetings as well as during the "We found that the way to get insix weeks' period. terested in anything is to study and learn about it, so we have been having Every Wednesday afternoon for six a good time studying missions, and weeks the Primary Children met from accumulating a lot of good books, by 3: 30 to 4: 30 to study the book, having several circles take different books at the same time and then pass "Taro." them along. The circles have been From 4: 30 to 5: 30 the Juniors donating their books to the library, consequently we have more than 200 studied " The Honorable Japanese books with which to begin. The Bara- Fan." cas loaned us a bookcase 80 we are all fixed up now for business. At six 0 'clock supper was served and at 6: 30 the adult mission study These are the rules for The Circlasses were ready for work. About culating Library of Mission Study thirty-five men were in the class Books, of Mercer Association: studying "Stewardship and Missions," while fifty women studied 1. There is no charge for ihe use of books. "Creative Forces in Japan." They are sent prepaid to borrower and are to be returned by the bor- A t the same hour the young women rower, prepaid. If you stndy the book were in a class with" Woman and the you get a seal, if you read the b(H}k Leaven in Japan" as the textbook. you receive a stamp.

After an hour of mission study, 2. Soeiety or eirele. may keep books eight members of all the classes met in the weeks. 'Che borrower is responsible for Sunday-school Assembly Room to hear the books. an inspirational address. The subjects promised live, stimulating 3, Societies or eire1es must 1'eturn books to thought: library and not pass them on to other circles. This will enable the librarian "Bible or Bullets-Missions or Munitions." to keep a correct record of books. "Opportunity in Needy Fields." "G"all of China '8 Children." 4. Reading books may be kept three weeks. "The World's Baptist Alliance." 5. The library fund is drawn from the an- One night was "Shorter Night" nual associational budget. Gifts of with a splendid program presented books will be accepted, by the Student Volunteers of Shorter

BOOK OF MISSIONARY HEROES large scrapbook. This book, which was suggested at the beginning of the The teachers of a week-day clas~ of course, was to contain in addition to fifth and sixth grade boys and gIrls these stQries of heroism, a map of each were confronted with the problem .of country and the best p~ctures th~ clas~ making an imposed course more m- could gather illustratmg the lIfe of teresting and educative for the schol- the people. Partic.ular att~n!ion w:as ars. They were expected to cove,r a paid to pictures WIth a rehgIOus SIgcertain amount of ground in the lIves nificance. On the first page was a of missionary heroes .an~ ~e~IOry picture of children looking at a globe work. In spite of theIr lImItatIOns, and the inscription, " A Trip Around they decided to work for. the acco~­ the World." Each Committee had plishment of certain definite goals, m one section of the book to make. The the matter of the practical applica- suggestion that the book, w~en co~­ tion of lessons to the daily problen:s pleted, should be. given to chIldren m of the boys and girls, to develop the.Ir a hospital met WIth a hearty res~onse ability to pray and lead a W?rShIp from the pupils. At the last seSSIOn a service, and to start the formatIOn of friend of a hospital for tubercular a habit of helping others. children told of the work being done and through her the book was sent They bcgan their work by having a with a letter to th~se children. class divided into seven groups, each of which was to be a committee p~i­ At first the worship programs were marily responsible for the work m conducted by the teachers. The connection with one country. There prayers were cent~red abo?t the parwere committees on Japan, the South ticular country bemg studIed. Later Sea Islands, India, China, Africa, the on, the children were asked to write Near East, and America. Usually sentence prayers and these were emthree sessions were devoted to each bodied in a group prayer and read as country. The first se.ssion w:as de- a prayer service, or each ch~ld revoted to getting acquamted wIth. the peated his sentence prayer as hIS turn country by such means as stere.optIcon came. Toward the close of the year's pictures, telling stories, play~ng t~e work the class was divided into three games of the country, or studymg pIC- groups. Each group in turn took over tures from magazines and news- the devotional service entirely, planpapers. For example, the approach ning and carrying it through. In this in the case of the first country, Japan, connect.ion it is interesting to note was made by discussing the great that a group of boys, who thought earthquake and showing pictures. they were going to be deprived of The other two sessions were given over leading the service, .in,sisted up?n beto telling a story of some hero co~­ ing allowed the prIVIlege, which of nected with the missionary work III course was granted. the country. Following the ~tories came a discussion, with partlcular The values of this procedure for the children included a wider knowledge reference to certain problems dis- of the work of Christian missions and the heroic sacrifices which have been covered in the lives of the pupils. The made in the mission fields, closer con- tacts with the children of other lands, Christian treatment of foreign chil- a definite piece of service for children near at hand, learning to worship dren in their school and play life with definite needs in mind, and work- ing together as a cooperative group came up for discussion frequently. to produce a common piece of work. ""

Following the discussion, the pupils • From The Project Principle in Religious rewrote the story in their own note- Education, by Erwin L. Sbav-er, University of books. From their examination of Chicago Press. these the teachers selected the four best (two boys' and two girls') fro~ which the class, by vote, chose a boy s and a girl's account to go into the

BEST METHODS

PROJECT FOR JUNIOR BOYS pictures of l'Ildian life, and these AND GIRLS were supplemented by Perry pictures which the teachers secured. Many of Reported by J()HN LESLIE LOIHNGJER,. Edu- these found a permanent place in the notebooks. The boys' group used cational Pastor, United Church, Oberlm, O. some of the larger pictures for a chart, which told the story of what During the first semester of .1922- the class had done, and served as a permanent class record, as the note- 23, the regular course of study for books served as a permanent record for the individual members of the the children of the fifth grade of class_ United Church School, Oberlin, Ohio, The girls' group spent their last few weeks working up a little play. was called: "Our Friends, Near and Jt was their own work, built out of certain Indian stories they had read Far." The selection of the American and information they had received during the course. The first scene Indians as the first group of "our centered about the futile attempt of the Indian medicine men to cure a friends" was not surprising, because snake bite. The second scene intro- duced the Christian doctor from the of contacts that these boys and girls mission school. The third scene por- trayed the daily me at a Christian had had during the previous year school for Indians, the Santee Normal Training School. . with Mr_ Philip Frazier, a fine young The girls presented this little play Indian student of Oherlin College. at a meeting of the Women's Asso- ciation of the church, to which the On one or two occasions he had visited parents were also invited. At the same time the boys had their chart the Junior group, dressed in Indian and notebooks on side tables for ex- hibition. costume, had told them about Indian Early in the fall the group voted life, and had sung Indian songs. as usual on the cause to which its contributions were to go for that It was assumed in the beginning quarter. Naturally enough they de- cided to use them for the Christian that the children would be permitted school among the Indians at Santee.

to choose other racial groups in suc- The value of such a project for the pupils is obvious: cession, but as it developed, the en- 1. They were interested in it, for it was tire semestcr was devoted to the one their owu.

people. . 2. They developed an attitude of increasing friendliness for the American Iudian. As usual, the boys and girls met in 3. Their giving was intelligeut, seIf-deseparate classes. It was their avowed termined, and based on appreciative frieudliness rather thau on pity and purpose to find out more about the condescension.

American Indian, how he lives, what 4. They acquired a valuable fund.of knowl- edge in regard to another racial group, he does for us, and how we may help and they acquired it by means of their him. Each group decided to use note- own effort and activity.* books, in order to keep a record of what they discovered. The teachers had copies of the same outline to fol- low, except in so far as the decision of the children might lead them in another direction_ The outlines cov- ered such topics as these: "The In- dian Among Us"; "Why We Should Help Him"; "What He Has Given to Us"; "What We Have Given to Him" ; How Christianity Is Being Given to Him"; What Their Own Religion Is"; "Which Religion Is Better" ; "A Christian School for t.he Indians."

The children's librarian in the pub- lic library put a number of books dealing with Indian life on a special shelf, and many of the children read the books or looked at the pictures in them during thc week. At different :II From The Project Principle in Religious times they also brought to the class Education, by Erwin L. Shaver, University of Chicago Press. '

4

Woman's Home and Foreign M.ission

Bulletins COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME JliIISSIONS AND FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN JliIISSIONS OOOPERATION WOMEN'S DOES CO·OPERATION PAY?

OHmeH AND MIs· . :m-:-~~~ :-…_ SIONARY FEDERA· -~~~ TIONS ARE DEMON· S T RAT I N G THIS LESSON.

The Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions, Council of Wome'n for Home Missions, Home Missions Council, Fo rei gn Missions 0 0 n fer· ence, Federal Conn· c iI, Councils of Churches in states and cities-all are examples of the principle depicted.

We are indebted to Armour and Company of Chi· cago for loan of the cut. It was recently used by the Church Federa· tion of St. Louis in its Bulletin. Here is a suggestion for other Federations. Why not borrow the cut for your announcement of program'

EVEN AS THOU WILT month information as to the card and The theme for the Day of Prayer program was given, also suggestions in regard to preparation for the ob- for Missions, February 27, 1925, is servance, and publicity hints. The this text taken from the fifteenth following quotations will be found chapter of Matthew's gospel. Last useful in promotion; 50 FrolD the Card vagaries and present divisions and Let all women who long for the com;ing imperfections, the "corporate contin- of the Kingdom of Christ in the hearts of uity and consciousness" of the the people of earth meet together ill their Church are clearly seen to "overtop the losses. " several communities to make intercession and to give thanks on Friday, February 27, 1925.

Pray-That God', people may seek "in It contains ten chapters, dealing with these subjects: the Church and the unity of the spirit" the setting up of its critics, the necessity of churches, the character of the modern church, His Kingdom on earth, striving to see eye- the mission of the Church, the Church and the social conscience, the teachto-eye in establishing the basic principles ing of the Church, worship, the of Christ's program. .

Pray-That Christian people may stand together for obedience to law in this land, and in the preservation of those great prin- dples of "quality and justice for which our fathers struggled and snffered, that they Church and human brotherhood, might found a free country. Pray-That the effort to secure world church unity and church loyalty. In brief compass and interesting form peace Inay be honored by all Christian na- it gives an account of the missionary tiOllS and that America may assume her full share of responsibility in promoting movements, home and foreign, and world cooperation and goodwill. social influences and effects of the THE UNTRODDEN WAYS Church, and of the organizations and agencies through which the Church And forward, forward turn thy gaze, proclaims her message and does her Lift up thme eyes and see I work.

The New Year brings untrodden ways, Thy God shall walk with thee. The book has 223 pages and is well indexed. It is published by the Mac- -CAROLINE H..ZARD.

THE CHRISTIAl'f CHURCH IN millan Company, New York, cloth, $1.75. The Home Missions Council THE MODERN WORLD and Council of Women for Home Mis- sions made themselves responsible for Students in colleges and universi- a special edition in paper, in order ties have frequently challenged the that the book might be available for value of the Church. Secretaries of those who desire it but do not want to recruiting, representing denomina- pay the larger price. Write the tional missionary organizations, the Council of Women for Home Mis- Student Volunteer Movement, the sions, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York Christian Associations and similar City, for copies at 85 cents each. bodies, have been confronted by the challenge and have long realized the need of a book to dis<mss the question FOR LOCAL FEDERATIONS in a fair and adequate manner_ A The joint Committee on Women's group of these representatives asked Church and Missionary Federations Dr. Raymond Calkins to write a book, has been systematizing its service this and consulted with him in the plan- year. "Some Helps to Success" ap- ning. It is his book; but they have peared in the September issue of the helped it take shape. Bulletin,and "Suggestive Program The book is entitled, 'iThe Christian Church in the Modern World," and Activities" in the October issue.

and is a frank, comprehensive discus- In the September issue a program sion of the character and place of the for the fall meeting was printed. Inr Church among men and women of to- advertently a heading was omitted day. No criticism is ignored or gloss- which indicated that the program was ed over. The author shows fearless- intended for the use of federations . ness and candor. His judicial spirit and made it appear as if the program commends all that he says to any who were for a local chUrch. It is hoped . may be hostile to organized Chris- that notwithstanding'this, many fed- tianity or skeptical concerning the erations availed themselves of the sug- future of the Church. Despite past gestions_ Tell us ~esults of its use' by

your group. Also give us suggestions 2. A Department of Missions and at least for future programs. three other departments.

The committee now presents the 3. Observance of annual Day of Prayer for following as a standard, attainable Missions. by every local federation. Has the federation in your community cov- 4. Presentation of the "uggested interdeered everyone of these points TAre nominational objects for gifts: Womthere other items or phases of work en's Union Christian Colleges in the that should be included T Orient, Christian Literatnre for Wom- en and Children in Mission Fields, Send answers or suggestions as to Work among Fa.rm and Cannery Miprograms or standard to the secretary grants. of the joint committee, Miss Florence E. Quinlan, 156 Fifth Ave., New 5. Interdenominational mission stndy. York. 6. Children's or Yonng People's Rally held Standard annually.

1. Every woma.n's o]'ganization which is 7. Participation in service to the community. eligible under the "Suggestive Con- stitution" a member of the Federation. 8. Promoting subscriptions to: MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE W ORLJ>, Everylall'd.

9. Affiliation with, and annual payment of fee to the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and Council of Women for Home Missions.

FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN MISSIONARY MEDICAL SCHOOL desecrated during the mutiny, one is able to penetrate the very holy of FOR WOMEN, VELLORE, INDIA holies–a small, dark, bat-filled room where an idol stands. 'fhere are many By IDA R. SCUDDER Hindu temples in VeHore as well as some beautiful Mohammedan mosques, Eighty-five miles northwest of for VeHore is a large Mohammedan as Madras we find Vellore, and we feel well as a Hindu center. that our part of India is beautiful in its quiet way. The railroad station is In our drive from the railroad stathree miles to the north and the roads tion we cross the Palar River, nearly leading from Vellore are lined with a half mile of sand-or "desert," as large trees. There are many cocoanut a newcomer once called it. Occasionand date palms with here and there ally during our monsoon season we a flame of the forest tree ablaze with find water in the river. After crossits brilliant red blossoms_ The grace- ing it we enter Vellore, and soon pass ful bamboo also adds an artistic touch. the "junka stand" where the two- Stretching away from the road are the wheeled junkas with their patient vivid, ever beautiful, ever green rice little ponies await the traveler. Here, fields which often look like soft green too, a few motor buses can be found. cut velvet_ Turning abruptly to the left at this point, we pass some rather unattrac- To the east of Vellore rise the rock- dve "shops" where a man seated hewn hillF!-" our hills" the medical cross-Ieggep. is willing to serve you students all call them-and at their with "hot tea." The basket weavers base nestles the city of VeHore. The have a small place on this roadside Indian houses are small, .usually one where they build a few gipsy-like story, and it amazes one to know that hOllses, and do all their cooking and here in VeIlore we can find about sixty basket making under the trees. ,thousand people, for the city does not seem large_ Just after passing these rather for- lorn places we see a beautiful tama- To the west lies an interesting old rind tree and beyond, a fine low-lying fort datinl!' from the thirteenth cen- white building-striking in its simtury, which makes Vellore a place of plicity, but very attractive-and we historic interest_ The stone carvings know by the contrast of building that found in the temple, which stands in the center of the fort, are some of the finest in India. ~<s the temple was

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MISSION BULLETINS

we have reached the Vellore Medical for the accommodation of three hun- School, and this building is the Cole dred sick people, and we ask our Dispensary recently opened by Lady Master to lead us very clearly in all Willingdon. It is large and roomy He wants us to do, for we want all to and delightful, built around an open be worthy of Him in whose name this court where during the cool weather work is being done. flowers grow in profusion. Palms and crotons and hanging baskets of Leaving the Hospital center in the ferns decorate the arches which sepa- heart of the town, we drive out four rate the wide verandahs from the miles through the residential part of court, and take away the feeling of Vcllore to a beautiful site with hills this being a hospital and dispensary. all 'round about. It is somewhat higher than the surrounding country A timid patient came one day and and the views are inspiring and wonlooking about, said, "This isn't like derful. It is here on the 200 acres a ho~pital. J have always been afraid which Government helped us to acof a hospital, but I have no fear quire that we shall build the residenhere." .So our palms and ferns are tial part of the Medical College, the already doing their bit to make the Laura Spellman Rockefeller Adminissick people happier. A prominent tration Building, Museum and Labogovernment official when visiting the ratories, the Peabody Library, docdispensary during its busy hours, tors' residences, students' hostels, when many sick and suiIering were and so forth. Also the Weyerhauser waiting, said, "People here all look "Hill Chapel" is to be built in a conso happy, even though many are so spicuous place, showing what we stand sick." Again we rejoiced that the for. beauty and simplicIty of our first hospital are doing their quiet work of We have the money for buildings helping the suffering. and equipment, we have land on which to build, we see the desperate Surrounding the dispensary we need of larger hospitals and more have about twelve acres of land and space, but we cannot hustle the East. it is here we plan to build all of the Our plans must pass through the hospitals in connection with the hands of our Council and then Medical School. The plans are being through the government offices, for drawn by two English architects who we are receiving a large grant from are very keen to make our entire in- them, and here there may be endless stitution a thing of beauty as well as delay, but bricks and materials are of utility. being gathered so that the buildings may be hurried on as soon as possible The ho~pital grouping looks most when we once begin. The plans for attractive on paper. Facing south we these buildings look most attractive find first the Cole Dispensary, and and when complete will be a worthy next the Northfield Chapel, and a center for our Medical College. As little beyond, the Ewert Memorial our vision enlarges we see here, in the Maternity Block. To the north we futurc, srientific laboratories where find the Scripp's Children's Hospital worth-while research work will be and to the west the Weyerhauser Sur- done, and as one dreams of the possigical and Medical Hospital, with the bilities that lie before this college, Administration building in the centre one feels ashamed of being discourblock. Each memorial is to be a aged and rather determined to keep separate unit and all to be connected on trying to hustle the East even if it by covered passages. When complete ends in "a white tombstone on the this should be wonderfully inspiring plains of India." It will at least have and if our ,'isions of pretty gardens been worth while. and lovely trees all about come to pass, we shall have an institution to Such things cannot be done withbe proud of, for here we have plans out a fine staff and sufficient money

to carryon and do well what we planned for it, and we are quite conundertake to do. The Council of the fident that ere long an endowment Medical College feel that we must aim will be forthcoming, for we know for a million-dollar endowment if this there must be those who are longing college is to accomplish all that is to help us carryon.

HOME MISSION BULLETIN SPANISH.SPEAKING PEOPLE IN Cooperation ….ith Publie Instruction THE UNITED STATES As in many foreign mission lands, From report of the 1923 committee {f the the mission schools serve a double pur- Home Missions Council and Council of Women for Home Missions, Mrs. J. W. Downs, Chairman. pose, in that they not only develop an Evangelism, the Church School and indigenous leadership but also set the community settlements are the accept- standards for the public schools. ed lines of missio:p.ary work with the Teachers in mission schools are urged Spanish-speaking people of the United to conform to the plan of the State States. Efforts to provide a literature Department in securing state teachers' and orphanages have not yet borne certificates for the sake of unifying fruit, although the missionaries on the the work and to secure accredited field have placed much emphasis on standing for their high school gradthese needs. The demand for recrea- uates. Certification entitles them to tion, public health measures, better all instruction and information sent agriculture and animal husbandry are out to public school teachers, the use included in the list of urgent needs of which will enable them to cooperate today, while Daily Vacation Bible closely with the public school system.

Schools, Saturday afternoon religious Plaza Community Programs instruction and instruction to create a civic spirit are considered necessary. The responsibility of the mission The Interdenominational Council boards for carrying on plaza work is of Spanish-speaking Workers in the affirmed, with much emphasis on its Southwest, with the work of which adaptatiou to developing conditions this Committee is very closely identi- in the community, especially along fied, brings together the local workers the lines of recreation, public health, within reach (distances are very school gardens, better agriculture and great in the Southwest), field workers animal husbandry, library and readand representatives of the home mis- ing rooms, religiou!3 education through sion boards. Some of the definitely Daily Vacation Bible Schools and supformulated problems under consider- plementary instruction outside of ation are: !,ublic school hOUff!, with r:;trong em- phasis on the introduction and en- Unoeeupied Fields couragement of these movements as Great areas of northern and south- civic enterprises.

central New Mexico are not being The Problem or Transiency reached by any denominational agency and in these areas the public The low economic status of the Mex- schools-such as exist-are poorly ican and the transient character of equipped both as to teachers and most of the labor which he is called buildings. The need for a school in upon to perform raise many problems.

southern Arizona for Mexiean boys Ministers frequently find that congre- has been urged for several years. The gations disappear between one Sun- Methodist Episcopal girls' school in day and the next and often the Tucson is the only denominational travelers leave no definite word as to school for Spanish-speaking children their destination. Well-established in the whole state of Arizona. programs are completely lost to their

respective localities, but it is encour- There is urgent need for a ministry aging to learn that these same parishioners are apt to present themselves at to them and for interdenominational the doors of the churches in the communities to which they go, regardless consideration of the whole problem, of denominational affiliation. Such conditions make necessary a close co- with a view toward a comity arrangeoperation on the part of all mission workers. ment which will mean efficient use of It is clearly recognized that many funds and workers. Local Englishchurches should not be self-supporting at present because of the extreme pov- speaking churches can and should erty and frequent migrations of the membership. In some cases they should render service to scattered groups of be self-supporting but the emphasis in the early stages of the work is on the these Mexicans. – "freedom of the Gospel." Efforts to aid the people in becoming home Literature owners and established residents of a community, to improve agricultural All workers recognize the dearth of and industrial conditions so that they c.onstructive religious literature, parcan produce more, and to teach them the place of stewardship and the spirit tIcularly of leaflet material, to combat of sacrifice in the evangelical faith are urged as correctives. the "isms" which are vigorously It has been said: " We cannot pre- propagated among the Mexicans. A vent migration, but we can urge our members to settle down, marry, and periodical suited to the needs of the buy homes. We can secure permanent employment for them. Pastors should Mexicans and Spanish-Americans is keep track, and when they move urge them to seek other churches. Some urgently needed. interdenominational agency should be devised to help in tracing members. A collection of 25 to 50 hadydmmns~cphubto- If we keep on 'preaching to the pro- lished bi-lingually, would cession' we shall some day leaven the whole mass of migrant Mexicans." the understanding of both parents Few people realize, now that Euro- and children in the church and Sunpean immigration is restricted, how rapidly the migrant Mexican is find- day-school services. ing his way northward and eastward chiefly along railway lines and into On Both Sidell of the Border mining areas. The census of 1920 shows that more than 10,000 had Since Latin America, and particumoved North. It is a very conserva- larly Mexico, has become to Christians tive estimate to say that this number in the United States essentially a home has doubled since 1920. Since census missionary problem, and the work of figures are very low, it is probable neither the home nor the foreign that there are now 40,000 or 50,000 boards having to do with Mexicans Mexicans scattered from Iowa to New can be planned or carried through as York, Chicago alone having over an efficient, strategic program without 15,000. close cooperation on the part of all agencies interested, it would seem to be good Kingdom statesmanship to plan a conference in which these agencies can together face their prob- lems and arrive at a definitely co- ordinated program of action and plan for its execution.

A New Year',.. Greeting The winding ways of our yesterdays Were a-glow with God's good cheer, So we turn to face with a smiling grace The paths of another year.

For He leads aright through the dark and bright To the land of the leal, we know, And no ill betides wherever He guides, As on through the years we go. ~4lice M. Kyle.

FROM MANY

GENERAL have disregarded, in the case of their The Y. M. C. A. in Foreign Lands beneficiaries, the lines of nation, race, class and creed. Lutherans, recogniz- THE foreign work of the Interna- ing the just demarcation between tional Committee of Young Men's Church and State, and cherishing no Christian Associations is now estab- political ambitions, are fitted for inlished in 18 foreign countries, with ternational amalgamation. " 384 Associations and 125,000 mem- bers. These Associations are formed under native boards, the American The Woman Move:ment Today M secretaries aiding in the direction. ISS G. A. GOLLOCK calls atten- tion to "the signs of the times" There are 559 native secretarial leaders, and 183 American. The lay among the women of the world: "In forces have been greatly enlarged, so Turkey, women-in small but signifi- that Dr. John R. Mott says: "The cant numbers–have b(mnded forward various local boards and also the Na- politically. Not long since a Japa- tional Committees have achieved such nese woman won a breach of promise strength that it may truthfully be Ruit-which shows an amazing break said that the early vision of develop- with the social past of the country.

ing autonomous, independent, self- In China the clan family system is supporting movements is fast being gradually breaking down, and there realized. " The development of the is deep anxiety as to what will take work of the Association in Europe is its place. Numerous local organiza- largely traceable to the war welfare tions of women in China concern work which has made the American themselves with the passage of laws Y. M. C. A. one of the most infiuential dealing with the age of consent, and agencies for the promotion of peace the abolition of prostitution, con- and goodwill among the people of cubinage, the selling of maid-servants, Europe. and foot-binding. In India types of women have emerged, and are emerg- Lutheran World Union ing, which indicate what we may ex- THE convention of the United pect in coming days – spiritual Lutheran Church in America, held leaders, social reformers, writers, alin Chicago in October, called upon truists, women who in any land would Lutherans throughout the world to hold a foremost place. In Japan and bridge national boundaries and pre- China women journalists, editors, sent a solid front "in the conquest writers, doctors, philanthropists, of the world for Christ." At present, bankers, are all in evidence. A Chi- Lutherans, to some extent even in this nese woman attended the Internacountry, are organized along lines of tional Labor Conference in Geneva in national origin. Dr. J. A. Morehead 1921. "

called for world union: "Our foreign missionary endeavor bears testimony What Jews Think of Christ to the fact that Christianity knows no HERMAN NEUMARK, a Chris- aliens nor foreigners," he said. " Al- tian Jew, writing in The Scat- ready Lutherans of different countries ter-cd Nation, says: "The Jews as a have cooperated effectively in reliev- people, as never before in their his- ing distress, as in Russia, and in such tory, are' talking of the Lord Jesus.

56 There are leading Jews, as for in- congregation has found it impossible stance, Claude Montefiore in London, to spend on itself even half of its tithe who are deliberately telling the Jew- funds; last year its own expenses ish nation that what they have heard were $15,000; its gifts to outside from their infancy concerning Christ 'causes' $32,000. Congregations that is a lot of lies. They insist that He feel proud because they are giving to was the greatest prophet that ever strangers as much as they spend on lived. We start there, and then we their own home work, should look carryon: 'If that is. true, then a twice at that record; they are not so prophet brings God '8 message. Christ, amazingly unselfish after all." therefore, must be what H;e said He was, and He is more than a prophet. ' Kennedy School of Minions We start right there with that challenge, ' What think ye of ChristT' T HIS well-known school on the and we have tested it already, and Hartford Seminary Foundation God's blessing is upon it." reports for the year 1923-24 a total enrollment of forty-eight. Of these, NORTH AMERICA thirteen were candidates for higher American Expenditures degrees, four were second year stu- dents, twenty-eight were first year T ABLES showing in different ways students, and three were special stu- how Amer~cans spenJ their income dents. In addition, twenty-one stuappear from time to time. The Amer- dents registered in the other schools l:can Education D·igest gives the fol- of the Hartford Seminary Foundation lowing tabulation on a percentage elected courses in the School of Misbasis: sions. 'l'he thirty-two regular students in residence were equally divided be- Church, % % W IlSte, 14% tween those who had seen service Schools, Ph % Luxuries, 22% abroad and those going out for the Living Oosts, 24¥.% first time. Government, 4¥.% Miscellaneous, 13 ¥. % Progress in Negro Education Crime, &'4% PRESIDENT JAMES E. GREGG, Investment, 11% of Hampton Institute, reviews in the July issue of The Congregationali.~t Another summary, which is being some of the high points in Negro eduquoted in the campaign of the Con- cation in the past year. First, he says, gregational denomination to raise its "there should be noted the continuing per capita giving: . disposition of Southern state legis- latures, state, county, and city officials, 1. Americans (all ages) average for and individual citizens of thoughtful- nesEl and influence to take a liberal at- tobacco per week ………. . ….. 70c. titude toward the support of colored 2. Americans (all ages) average for schools. Norfolk, Virginia, has com- pleted and put into use a Negro high theater and movies …………. .43c. school costing half a million dollars. 3. Americans (all ages) average for North Carolina is spending between $3,500,000 and $4,000,000 altogether ice cream and candy ………… 40c. on its colored schools. In the support 4. Protestant church members, for the of the 'c01mty training schools' (rural high schools which, beginning with an church ……………………. 8c. eight grade, are pledged to add the ninth, tenth, and eleventh as soon as Tithers' Bank Accounts possible), which have been promoted mainly by the Slater Fund, with aid T HE Presbyterian Church in Grove from the General Education Board, City, Pa., has made a reputation in the community because of the large majority of its members who are tithers. There are one hundred checking accounts in one of the Grove City banks which are drawn on for nothing but payments to Christian benevolence. It is probably the only bank in the United States which has so much patronage of that character. " Quite naturally," says The Continent, "the

the contributions from public taxes the crews change frequently. Mr. have risen from $3,344 for four schools Jones has always been the seaman's in 1911-12 to $687,588 for 179 schools friend. He has interested himself in in 1922-23. Two hundred and six their material as well as their spiritual have been in operation in 1923-24. welfare, and he has a host of friends along the water front. The signifi- More Bible. than Ever cance and far-reaching influence of this work of Bible distribution among THE American Bible Society re- the sailors may be seen from the fact ports that in 1923 it distributed that the number who come into New 7,101,289 Bibles, an increase of 2,538,- York harbor every year is more than 222 over the preceding year. More a million men. They are of many nathan 2,901,000 were sent from Bible tionalities and come from every port House, Astor Place, for use in the on the globe and go out again to the United States, and 3,245,090 for for- ends of the earth carrying the Scripeign lands, including 18,334 for Amer- tures presented by the New York ican insular possessions. The nine Bible Society. This ministry among agencie& of the society all reported in- the sailors is thus a work of WOrldcreases in circulation. State Bible wide evangelism. Societies in Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont and Mary- Disciples Church Gains land distributed 300,000 volumes in cooperation with the national organi- THE annual report of the United zation. Bibles in forty-two different Christian Missionary Society, just languages were required for the dis- made public, shows that during the tribution in Massachusetts, now one of last fiscal year the total receipts for the most polyglot of States. About benevolences from the Disciples of 17,000 New Testaments were distrib- Christ were $3,198,219, a gain of uted among the refugees in Greece $327,302. Special funds became $379,- through the Near East Relief. Despite 826 the richer during the year and the earthquake, the distribution in annuity fundI< $62,866. During the Japan last year was 343,588 volumes, same period there were rE'ported from an increase of 100,000. The increase foreign fields 3,314 baptisms, with a in distribution in China was more present church membership overseas than 1,000,000 copies. of 29,781, a gain of 14 per cent. Pre- Easter evangelistic services in this Fifty Yea.rs of Bible Service country were' reported to have added 97,019 members, making the per- REV. WILLIAM G. JONES has centage gain in membership double just completed fifty years of con- that of any other Protestant body in tinuous service with the New York the United States. The permanent Bible Society, distributing Bibles up- revolving fund for the aid of churches on every kind of vessel that has come in erecting new buildings now totals into New York harbor. During this $2,040,018, and $559,050 was devoted entire time he has missed only two to 87 such building enterprises durweeks through illness and still con- ing the year.-Christian Century. t,inues his work visiting all sorts of shipping craft from canal boats, Fisk University First barges, and fishing smacks, to great ocean steamers. Upon the canal boats THE first and only Negro college he often stops to read the Scriptures to have an endowment of one miland offer prayer with the families. lion dollars for college education. The children are born and reared on these craft and know no other homes. 2. 'fhe first and only Negro college Upon these canal boats and barges he to receive $50,000 from a Southern finds the same families year after year, city. but on the fishing boats and steamers 3. 'rhe first and only Negro college to be made an associate of the Car-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

negie Foundation, thereby. admitting treated in the REVIEW, the last refer- Fisk teachers to the benefits of the ence being in the October issue. In- pensions. teresting light has now been thrown 4. The first Negro college to be on the subject from two new sources.

recognized by the Harmon Founda- Rev. J. D. Simms, mis:sionary in New tion which appropriates money for Mexico of the Reformed Church in loans to worthy students. America, writes: "Weare experienc- . 5. The first and only Negro college ing great difficulty in combatting the to run four quarters a year. propaganda of certain societies who pose as friends of the Indians and who .Japanese Christian Students are urging them to retain their old THE Japanese Students' Christian customs. A great many artists from Association in North America, the the East are coming into the Southdream of many a Japanese student in west leaving this propaganda in their the past, has made a record growth path. We have felt the reaction in the during the past :six months and faced revival of ancient dances and cerethe new academic year with twenty- monies. The advisory council on one local chapters, covering all the Indian affairs, organized by the Secrelarge student centers of the country tary of the Interior, and made up of persons known for their missionary, from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The proposal for a national associa- educational or scientific interest in the tion was made at the Indianapolis race and a number of educated In- Convention; a committee of twenty dians, at a recent meeting in Washwas appointed, and the twenty-one ington' voted unanimously that the local chapters were formed. Since Department is exactly right in supthen the constitution has been pressing dances with which immoraladopted; the members of the Central ity is traditionally connected. Also Executive Board have been elected for economic reasons it was judged by the local chapters and other in- right to forbid prolonged festivals dividuals affiliated with the mpve- which take Indians away from their nfent; two regional conferences, the farms at a time of year when the eastern at Silver Bay, N. Y., and the cultivation of harvesting of crops is middlewestern at Lake Geneva, Wis., important. "

have been held in conjunction with the Y. M. C. A. summer conferences. Earnest Indian Students T At the September meeting of the H:g 900 stndents enrolled this year in the government Indian school Central Executive Board, the following were announced as the chief at Chemawa, Oregon, have come from points in the policy of the Associa- the Indian reservations of Oregon, tion: Washington, Idaho, Montana, Califor- "Unity of Christian Japanese stu- nia, SOIDe from the frozen lands of dents and cultivation of organized the far north, some from the little effort, development of Christian char- fishing villages along the southern acter and fellowship, stimulation of coast of Alaska, with their varying de- capacity for service and rendering grees of civilization, education, and needed services for the general wel- moral standards. The religious in- fare of .Japanese students, and better- struction of the pupils is delegated by ment of American-Japanese relations the Government to established mis- through spiritual and friendly coop- sionary agencies, which are allowed eration. " two hours on week days, in addition to Indian Dances Again the regular Snnday services, for this instruction. Of the 900 students en- THE suppression by the Department rolled, 560 are Protestant, and 340 are of the Interior of the immoral In- Roman Catholic. These last are served dian ceremonial dances has been fully by a resident priest, and the Protes-

tant work is under the Presbyterian to the North that the movement of Board of National Missions. One oll Mexicans into the United States in the greatest needs of the Indian peo- increasing numbers each year has not ple is native Christian leadership, and received the amount of attention its to that end every possible opportunity significance requires. The Immigrais given tM older boys and girls for tion Act, which became effective July developing and exercising that leader- 1, 1924, places those born in the Reship while they are in school, that they public of Mexico among "non-quota may be able to serve as strong, virile immigrants, " who may enter in un- Christians in whatever community limited numbers so long as they pass they may finally take their place. the literacy and other tests. Before Manv of the older students realize the that time, however, there had been for burrien of responsibility that falls ten years almost a continuous inupon them because of their advan- crease annually of those passing imtages. migrant inspectors, to say nothing of those entering clandestinely along the A Negro Sanhedrin 1,800 miles of our Mexican border. In the year ending June 30, 1923, 62,- A ~10VEltlENT of many years, ac- 709 Mexicans were admitted by the centuated by the influences of immigration authorities, and in 1924, the World War, which has been giving 87,648. EYen before the present acthe Negro a stronger race conscious- celerated migration, Mexican workness and a' ~reater feeling of inde- men were greatly desired in the truck pendence, has recently headed up in gardening and cotton fields of Texas, an organization to be known as the the fruit farms of California and as Sanhedrin. Sixtv-threedifferentbodies contract laborers in the beet fields of of Negroes, r~presented by three Utah and Michigan. hundred delegates, unanimously approved the action taken in the confer- A Sturdy Alaskan Church ench which launched the project. Professor Kelly Miller of Howard THE Northern Light Presbyterian University, Washington, D. C., is the Church at Juneau, Alaska, is livleading spirit. ']'he Sanhedrin will ing np to its name as a great light in meet biennially. It will function the north. It is the only self-supportthrough a nntional executive commit- ing church in Alaska. Organized in tee, a commission of public informa- ]891, the meetings were held in a log tion, and special permanent commis- cabin, on the spot where now stands sion!; of experts on the more important the only elevator hotel in Alaska. phases of race interests. It will first 'fhe church has flourished under the turn its attelltion to such subjects as leadership of such great men as public health, education, labor, poli- Sheldon Jackson, S. Hall YOllng and tics, women's movements, public utter- James H. Condit, and with the help ance and inter-racial relations, and a of godly men and spiritual women little way ahead are the subjects of who gave willingly of their devotion bnsine!ls, fraternal organizations, the and funds for the teaching of the public press, race movements, Negro Gospel to those who seek eagerly for youth, and cultural programs. The gold. Eight ministers have served Negroes themselves look upon the or- the church in the thirty-three years ganization as the advent of the era of since itl'; organization, pastorates rangself-help and self-direction. – The ing from one to eight years. The Christian Work. spirit of tithing has been so evident in the church that in late years the Mexican Immigrants financial response has been about $40 per member. Dr. George G. Bruce is DURING the past ten years so the present pastor. "Church congre- much attention has been given gations are never very large in to Negro migration to the cities and

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Alaska," says The Continent, "as not , ing in the shop, I noticed that he was more than ten per cent of the white too weak to work, and on inquiring population are churchgoers." discovered that he had not eaten a meal for thirty-eight hours. We have LATIN AMERICA found him a light job where he can A Campaign in Santo DOJningo l'arn enough to eat. Two boys arrived COMMENTING on the success of a for the boarding department who had series of meetings held in San- ridden over fifty miles on horseback tiago, San Domingo, by Evangelist to get here. Bandits continue to Strachan, H. F. Johnson writes in operate in this neighborhood, but that Missionary Tidings: "In these Latin does not appear to keep the children American countries, the priests have and young men away from school. If put the Gospel as presented by the the present rate continues we will Protestants in disrepute. In their have two hundred students before the end of the year." minds it is the essence of all that is bad and undesirable. Hence, there is a strong wall of prejudice which A Live Brazilian Church S must first be broken down before a EVEN years ago the Gospel was unknown in the Brazilian town of missionary can get at the people. Mr. Strachan has used new methods St. Sebastian of Paradise. The Bible to draw the crowds. He has a large was an unknown book. Protestantism tabernacle, which is something new; was a thing to be hated and kept from he does lots of advertising, which is the town at all costs. The religious unusual, he employs some of the best life of the people consisted in taking Latin-American orators which is very part in the worthless and often shame- essential-it is a sort of phalanx ful practices connected with the fre- movement against the enemy in the quent les'tas in honor of the Lady rear. Then when they see that we Mary or of Rome saint. The moral are not at all dangerous people, and and spiritual life of the people was that we preach the truth, they in- rotten at the very core because the variably say, 'Oh, is that what the only religious leaders they had were Gospel means? We like it.' " openly immoral. Some of the native A School Tha.t Mexicans Prize evangelists had made an effort to preach the Gospel here but they met CALVIN N. JOYNER, the new with such opposition that they gave Director of the industrial and ag- up ip discouragement. But there is a ricultural school which the, M,. E. live, vigorous, growing, Presbyterian Church South conducts at Montemor- church today, with an active member- elos, Mexico, wrote in September: ship of more than sixty earnest Chris- "School opened this week and we tians. The Sunday-school has an have new evidence every day of Mexi- average attendance of more than one cans turning to our church schools as hundred and sixtv. There is a wellthe only source of good education. organized W oma~'s Auxiliary and Some of our people are pathetically three young people's societies. The anxious to have their children in our church worships in a splendid new institutions in spite of their extreme building which has been built and poverty. One such case arose the paid for by the people of the church other day when an old carpenter came themselves without any financial aid to enroll his children. He is desper- from the mission.

ately poor and so old that he finds it difficult to get work. He actually Progress in Peru T cried with joy when we told him that HE General Secretary of the Evangelical Union of South Amerhe could pay their tuition this year with three days' work each month. ica, Rev. Mr. Ritchie, wrote on the Several days later, when he was work- eighteenth anniversary of his arrival

in Peru: "What a change! Then, their letters that some of these men public services were prohibited; to- have been brought into an intimate day, we enjoy full liberty of worship. relationship with Jesus Christ. Many Then, there were only six meetings of them, too, have sufficient spiritual being held regularly in the whole re- life and energy to carryon the good public, and all these directly financed work among their companions. Reby foreign mission money. Today, we cently one of the chief warders said can point to over eighty regular meet· he had never seen anything like the ings scattered all over the republic. great change wrought in these men In Central Peru there were only meet- by the reading of Scripture; their ings in Lima and Callao. NoW' there discipline and general behavior had are regular services held in forty dif- improved beyond measure. ferent towns and villages in this region alone, and of these, twenty- Ba.ptists in Rounlania nine are associated with our mission and our church in Lima; and a very THE lack of religious liberty in large proportion of the people form- Roumania is commented on by ing these meetings are Sierra Indians. Evangeli.aal Christendom, which Apart from the support of the native quotes "Dr. Rnshbrooke, Baptist evangelists who are each working over Commissioner for Europe." He says: a large area, and so only visiting each "The Roumanian Government has congregation for two or three days in entirely failed to put an end to the the month, these congregations are all oppressive, and frequently brutal, self-supporting, and, thank God, actions of its officials and police. It many of them are also self-propa- is alleged that meeting-houses of Bapgating. So far as I can reckon, there tist Churches are arbitrarily closed; are now approximately one thousand preachers and worshippers are aradult members and adherents in our rested and fined; congregations are congregations in Central Peru, and forcibly dispersed and m,embers we are rich in young men, many of beaten by gendarmes; books used in them Quechua-Spanish bi-linguals, worship are confiscated and burned; who are willing to go forward into registration of Baptist marriages is the work of evangelism." refused, and permits to build chapels are withheld."

EUROPE The Bible for Bulgarian Children'

In a. Portuguese Prison OF THE ten thousand Daily Vaca- tion Bible Schools held around ON the outskirts of Lisbon there is the world during the year, one of the a penitentiary where SOme two most interesting was the first and r;nJ,y hundred prisoners are undergoing Daily Vacation Bible School in Bulsentence. In former times these un- garia. The message given to· the happy people used to wear hoods and children is vividly described in the were never allowed to see the faces of report from the Princi pal: their eompanions, but since the republic was declared in 1910 this "With an experience of six years strange custom has been abolished. as a kindergarten teacher and special Among the prisoners are many des- training in a missionary college in perate characters-murderers, anar- London, it was my great privilege to chists and thieves-most of them in- be invited to conduct the Daily Vacacarcerated for long periods. About tion Bible School in Philippopolis, forty of the men have received copies Bulgaria. To my great surprise, the of the New Testament from the British very first day over 50 children were and Foreign Bible Society. A number enrolled, and later the number reached of them were so interested that they 80. Almost every day mothers and bought Bibles out of their scanty fathers brought their children and earnings. There is no doubt from pleaded with us to accept them. I felt

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

sorry to send them back, but we were appropriate G e r man ceremonies.

two teachers and not one seat was Christianity he holds to have been the vacant.' This was the first school of bane of the German people. Fritsch, its kind in the whole of Bnlgaria. the editor of Der Hammer, has just Bible study, the Life of Our Lord, in been elected to the Reichstag_ He, too, simple stories, was the chief object of stands for the substitution of a thor- our teaching, accompanied by hymns, oughly German paganism for the games, drill and kindergarten work. Christianity of the past. Fritsch is a Mothers came every day to thank me, mad nationalist and Jew hater. Be- saying, 'You are doing a blessed work, ing such he insists it is necessary to we see the difference in our children cut loose from Christianity, the off- since they started to come to your spring of Judaism.

school. ' Out of 80 children, ten came from Protestant homes, fourteen were Schools in Russia Jews, one Armenian, one Russian and THB survey conducted between the rest were from Greek Orthodox February and May of this year by families. 'rhey learned the 23d Psalm, the Commissariat of Education in verses from the New Testament, the Russia and including a group of J…ord's Prayer, more than ten hymns schools in seven separate provinces is and many kindergarten songs and made the subject of an editorial in finger plays. All that the children the New York Times, which states: learn in the school they tell their "Teachers' salaries have not been parents. The need is great in our paid for a considerable time, and becountry and we must start with the sides having to suffer financially, the children if we are to win the nation for Christ." teachers are treated with contempt and often forced to do all kinds of Gerltlan Antichriata enforced labor, from taking unwilling part in the plays in the public theatre T IlE neo-pagan movement in Ger- to acting as scribes to the local Soviet many today, says a writer in the Executive Committee. 'l'he surpris- Sunday School Times, is a militant ing statement is made that not even repudiation of Christ. "Let us cast Soviet ~chool books have reached the his bands from us," it cries, with full village schools in any considerable realization of purpose. Pastor Bub- number. Some typical instances are litz in the monthy Die Sonne, com- cited showing that hardly more than mends the "New Heathenism." a third of the pupils had books and Baptism he would retain in the that these were of a most variegated church, but Germanize it. The ideas sort, some dating back from before which Luther attached to the baptism the revolution. And as for school ac- formula-death, resurrection, cleans- cessories and materials for writing, ing from sin, must give place to the they are altogether wanting or most ideas of the old German forest. The scanty and casual; copy-books being formula he suggests runs something made out of old taxation lists and like this: "As this water came up out parish registers. Wood is scarce for of the depths of the fatherland so do heating or repairs and the children sit you remain ever faithful to the holy through the cold days wearing caps land of Germany which bore you," and coats in buildings forty per cent and so on. Baptism he holds to be a of which are crumbling down."

German custom which should be re- tained after its dechristianization, for Sustaining Ger:man Missions M the old Germans dipped the newborn ISSIONARY workers in all counchild in cold springs in order to tries are interested in the effort harden it for a fighting life. Another to keep German missions in non- German, August Frone, would erect Christian lands from disintegrating.

a purely German theistic church with Contributions· have been sent from

practically all Protestant countries. nothing but cattle. They do not This help has enabled the German so- understand. Why do we bother with cieties in some instances to keep their them?" After much persuasion, he own missionaries in the field. In other went over to a group and started to instances missionaries of other nation- talk. Like all Egyptians, they started alities are manning the fields and to argue. They knew how to take care keeping up the work, pending the re- of their eyes, and the iilth and flies turn of the German missionaries. The made no difference. But Minshawy Internat'wnal Revie'U' of Missions pub- stood his ground and won their attenlishes a statement. of the contributions tion. Finally there were five speakers for 1923 given outside Germany it- with five groups of the fellahin scatself to sustain German missionary tered through the village talking and work. The total amount contributed answering questions. When the group in 1923 was about $600,000. Of this finally started home, they were fairly amount $319,096 went from the Unit- bubbling over with joy and enthued States. Three fourths of this was siasm. EI Sayed Gallil, a high-class given hy Lutherans. The Moravians Moslem from Mecca and a direct degave $49,122, the Reformed Church scendant of Mohammed, voiced the and the Congregational Church each sentiment of the group when he said gave $2,500. The Conference of Mis- to Mr. Currie, "Sir, I have heard sionary Societies in Great Britain and many times at the University that the Ireland has addressed a letter to the way to be happy is to do something Secretary of State for the Colonies for someone else. I never understood asking that the general ban against what it all meant before. Today for German missions in the British Em- the firllt time I have done something pire should be withdrawn and that it for someone else and I am very should be open to the Conference in happy." In America this experience the future to submit applications on may seem rather commonplace, but in behalf of German missionary societies Mohammedan Egypt it is most signififor inclusion in the list of "recog- cant, because it so clearly portrays the nized" societies, as is now done in groping for light that is typical of the regard to societies in other countries classes reached by the University. on the continent of Europe. How a Missionary Live. AFRICA REV. GEORGE SCHWAB, a Pres- Students in a Mud Village byterian missionary, writes from Sakbayeme par Edea, Cameroun: PERHAPS the two most outstand- ing impressions of a mud village " There are four of us families in are its filth and the eye diseases of its this one house now, with six children. people. The men from the American It was built for two. We feel quite University in Cairo decided that these 'slummy' and expect any day to see conditions offered to the Moham- a 'settlement worker' appear and a medan students an excellent oppor- neighborhood house started. The tunity for service. A small group of churches of Ohio gave us money for the very best ~foslem boys was selected our school plants, a medical plant and to undertake this work. A Cairo phy- a much-needed cistern. But the funds sician covered the points on sanitation for a new residence or a church did and the treatment of the eyes which not come. So we 'II just manage and should be made clear to the people. get along as best we can. With this as a background, Mr. Currie, a member of the faculty, went "We have to do all our work, bewith them to a mud village. One sides get the building done. It is not proud Moslem boy took one look at the easy, as we have a territory about the filth and diseases of the fellahin and size of Massachusetts and Connectisaid to Mr. Currie, "Sir, they are cut-over three hundred villages at which we have our teacher-Bible

NEWS FROM MANY

readers, one man '') do the' pastoral Belgian Congo and in the Portuguese shepherding of the 17,000 of our con- African colonies missions are, respon- stituency and one for the 8,000 school sible for almost the whole of the edu- pupils who are enrolled and therefore cation. These facts constitute a strik~ looking to us for whatever of enlight- ing testimony to the influence of enment and uplift they are ever to Christianity in the modern world.

get. We have a doctor, too. But he is handicapped for want of space to put A Lion and a Prayer Meeting M patients. As fast as one leaves the [SSIONARY work in the Tan- ganyika Territory of East Africa 'hospital' his place is filled. There are hundreds of miserably suffering is often beset by actual as well as ones in all the villages about us, figurative lions. Visiting one place, awaiting their turns. One village whose Mohammedan chief had asked headman recently told me that his for a teacher, the Rev. R. c Banks, a people were all sleeping out in the missionary of the Church Missionary open, having given over their huts to Society, found that the inhabitants the ill of whom there were eighty at were fleeing from the lions which from. that place. They have huts for the time to time devastate that forest fifty inhabitants. 'We do not wish to country. "As things are going," he.- be hardhearted and refuse them a ref. writes, "there will soon be very few uge,' he told me." people left. More than one man-eat- ing lion has struck terror into their Education in Africa hearts. On the night' I spent at THE Conference' of Christian Mis- Masawa's village, a lion actually siMls in Tropical Africa, held in passed by within twenty yards of England in September, brought to- where we were gathered in the open gether over a hundred men and wom- for evening prayers; and four times en, representing thirty-three mission- I had to break off because the men ary societies and seven nationalities. said that they heard the lion in the J. H. Oldham was chairman, and sev- grass. " One wonders how many peoeral distinguished government officials ple in our own country would attend contributed much to the discussions. a prayer meeting in such exciting con- The chief subject before the Confer- ditions!

ence was the education of the African. An African Christian Scholar Statistics were presented to show how ONE of the most notable m,embers of the Phelps-Stokes Educational largely this has been carried on by Commission to Africa is Dr. J. K. Aggrey, M.A., a West Afriean from missionaries up to the present time. the Gold Coast, who says he owes everything to missions. As a lad he- The following figures for the British was taught in a village school, and afterwards trained as a teacher. At colonies in Africa, for example, are the age of eight he came to the knowl- significant: Mission Gov't Schools Schools Gambia……… 9 1 Sierra Leone…. 134 (105'aided) 14 Gold Coast …… lilS 19 edge of Him who is the Saviour of the world, and was used of God after- Northern Nigeria. 107 (unassisted) 15 wards in bringing both his parents; and his brothers and sisters to Him._ Southern Nigeria. 1,602, (160 aided) 45 As a lad his father told him to' learn all he could, so that he could teach Kenya………. 500 5 him, and he would go to the' spring: Nyasaland …… 2,0.30 None Northern Rhodesia 457 1 Southern Rhodesia 856 2 Uganda ……… 79,631 pupils None A similar state of things existed in for water with his pot on his head,.

the German African colonies before and in his hand his Testament, learn- the war, where education was left ing as he went. When the editor of 81 largely to the missions; and in the British magazine recently asked him 5

in England if he would contribute an South Africa and the data will cover article on "What the Bible means to all the races there. This will be the me, an African," he said at once, "It first step in the construction of an means everything to me." inter-church program of Christian Dr. Aggrey is going back to the education for the nation. When the Gold Coast as a member of the staff survey has been completed its results of the new college to be erected at will be presented at a national con- Achimota. vention in which all the evangelical In Line for Testament. denominations will be asked to par- ticipate.

DR. E. V. HUNTER, a missionary of the Church Missionary Society Churches Too Small T at N'gora, in the Eastern Province of IIFj Anglican Bishop of Bloem- fontein, South Africa, the Right Uganda, writes that during the first six months of 1924 the Teso Scrip- Rev. Walter Carey, quoted in the tures were out of print and the people Christian lVor'k, says that he has could not be supplied. In order to preached in only three churches in his expooite things, 500 copies of part of diocese, because the congregations are the New Testament in Teso were sent always 80 large that his services have out by post. When they arrived there to b,c held in the open. The ehurches was a long line waiting for them, and hold six hundred or seven hundred, the first 5(')0 people had one copy each. and the people number thirteen hun- A groan went up from the others dred or fourteen hundred. The diffi- when they heard there were no more. culty of the missionaries is not how When a further supply arrived in to get the people in, but how to keep July, more than £IOO was taken in them out. two days, and a ~,ock which should have lasted for six months seems A Madagascar Product likely to be exhausted in six weeks. Dr. Hunter liIays: "The next time you RAMAMBASOA is a man who lives in Madagascar. There is a Sunpass a cinema and see the long line day-school Union on the island and of people, just thi.nk that this is how Ramambasoa is a result of the teach- the folks in Teso … stand outside the ing.in a Protestant mission Sunday- bookshop waiting for their turn to school. He was sent by the Inter- obtain a gospel or a testament." Missionarv Sundav-school Union of Madagasc~r to the West Hill training Sunday-school" in South Africa school for Sunday-school workers, near Birmingham, England, to study THE first conference of denom,ina- modern Sunday-school methods. He tional Sunday-school leaders in South Africa was held recently at the is now the Sunday-school specialist call of the South African Sunday for Madagascar and writes as follows: School Association, of which J. G. "When the first missionaries came to Birch of Elizabethtown is the General the island, it was verily the breaking Secretary. The sessions occupied two of the day after a dark night. The days and were participated in by all ways of the sorc&"er, polygamy, idol but two of the denominations working worship, adultery, all practiced in that country. Resolutions were openly throughout the country, have 'ctdopted looking to active cooperation now been checked and new ideas and between the denominations and the aspirations formed in the dominant :association which represents organized races. who have received Chris.tiattJ.

:Sunday-school work. Plans were teaching. The good results seen made to obtain classified information among the children and rising genera- -concerning everything that is being tion, since the advance of the Gospel, done in the realm of religious and are a marked feature in the life of moral Mucation of the youth in the Malagasy."

NEWS FROM ·MANY LANDS

THE NEAR EAST stroy his sight, as I have a right to under the law. However, I have been Building Up Native Churches thinkinO" more about it, and I think the way that Jesus Christ demands is AT a two-dav conference held in much better, so I will try to stop the September "at Bronxville, N. Y., hurt in my heart, and the hatred of between the executives of Near East this boy, and sincerely forgive him.' " B,elief and responsible leaders of church bodies, it was resolved to work Educational Outlook in Irak much more closely in harmony with the indigenous churches of the Near PRO:B'ESSOR ANIS KHURI, of East, rather than to look forward to the University of Beirut, conthe building up of new Protestant or ducted an -interesting educational other ecclesiastical organizations in campaign in Mesopotamia during the that part of the worI~. ." A clo~er past summer. His headquarters were contact with the eccleslastIcal bodIes at Bagdad but he radiated out in all in the Near East, growing out of mu- directlons to Basrah, Kut, Najaf, tual cooperation in relief measures, KerbeIa, Amara, Hillah, Mosul and has caused religious leaders to re- Kazimiyyah. This country, Professor evaluate the native churches. The Khuri discovered, is badly in need of realization that these .churches are teachers. All the schools are strugevangelical and democratic has caused gling toward higher levels with the religious agents to think of the enthusiastic patronage of King Feisal, Eastern churches in terms of larger who frequently expresses his appreand closer cooperation." The com- ciation of the work of the University mittee on religious education, after of Beirut. 'fhe university is looked pointing out the need fQr special re- up to as the finishing place for acaligious instruction for the children demic training and fifty-five students gathered in Near East orphanages, from Irak were in attendance last went on to recommend" that the pro- year. Professor Khuri was able to gram of religious nurture undertaken get in touch with many of the governby Near East Relief be consciously ment schools as well as private directed toward leading into loyal schools, Moslem, Jewish and Chrisand aggressive membership in the in- tian, in the various cities. He interdigenous churches of the Near East viewed classes, teachers and presiall those children whose parents were dents, and distributed pamphlets of connected with those churches." information about "the great Orien- tal queen," as the University of Bei; , Persian Christian Forgiveness rut is called. Professor Khuri wa&, also cordially received by religi()~,. H A. LICHTWARDT, M.D., tells leaders of the Shiah Moslems. • the following incident of his experience in Meshed, Persia: "One An Arab Converted morning at the Sunday morning public service, after I had been speaking MISS CHARLOTTE KELLIEN, about 'forgiveness' and the necessity of the Arabian Mission of the for us to forgive our enemies if we Reformed Church in America tells expected divine forgiveness, a man the story of a young man from a came into my office, bringing his little fanatical Shiah village, who has now girl whom I had examined just before removed to Basrah, where he can go church. This six-year-old child had to chUl'ch and put his little boy in the been struck in the eye a short time be- mission school. "He and his older fore by a fifteen-year-old neighbor boy brother were grain contractors for the and her vision was entirely destroyed. army of occupation and in that way The father said to me: 'What shall I he came in touch with various Engdo to this boy who deliberately blinded lish officials. One of them used to my girl, following a petty dispute ~ talk to him about the falseness of I had decided that unless he paid me Islam, and he says he was so indiga large sum of money, I would de- nant the first time that he would have

killed the man except that he knew Miss Dhanjibhai Nauroji, the Qldest he would be punished by the English. living Indian Christian connected Their conversations continued, how- with the United Free Church of Scotever, and finally he asked this Dfficer land MissiQn in Bombay, in the preswhere he could get bDDks that wDuld ence of a large company unveiled a make plain the real beliefs Df Chris- bronze tablet, commemorating the tians. From our lfissiDn BDOkshDP at centenary of Scottish MissiQns in Nasariya he began getting· bDDks India. The ceremony was presided by mail and reading them in secret. over by the Hev. J. R. Cuthbert. The When his wife and brother fDund Dut inscription on the tablet read as folabout it, they were very angry and lows: "In the centenary year of their religious leader threatened him Scottish Missions to India this tablet with business and social ostracism if is erected by the Scottish Churches he wDuld not burn the books. He con- in grateful remembrance of thO'se whO' tinued to study the Gospel, was con- as messengers of Scottish Christianity vinced of its truth, and during the first claimed India for Christ. Donlast three years has won his wife to ald Mitchell-January 1823, John the same belief." Cooper-Aug. 1823, John Stevenson -February 1824, James Mitchell- INDIA Aug. 1823, Robert Nesbit-Sept. 1827, Alexander Crawford-August Two Ideas of an Eclipse 182.3, John Wilson-February 1829. 'The earth shall be filled with the MILLIONS of American citizens, knowledge of the Lord' (last words young -and DId, will be watching of DQnald Mitchell-November 20, with interest the eclipse Df the sun 1823) Amen and Amen." Two elowhich astronomers have announced quent addresses were delivered by for January 24th. Rev. T. C. Carne, the Rev. R. B. Douglas and the Rev. an English missionary in India, tells D. S. Sawarkar, the former speaking the story by which a Hindu explains on Scotland's pioneer missionaries to' an eclipse. "Vishnu the Preserver India and the latter on the new India commanded that the ocean be that is being created by missions. churned, to get the ambrDsia required by the gods to Dvercome the demons. Outcastes in Church Council 'fhe churning stick was a mountain, and the churning rope a serpent. THE striking testimDny Df th~ late From the sea of milk which resulted Bishop Whitehead of Madras to from the churning came butter, but the surprising capacity of India's rethere also came a blue pDisQn. Shiva, claimed and Christianized outcastes the god of Destruction, swallowed the is a lesson, says the Dnyanod;aya, poison and held it in his throat. The which Church leaders and politicians physician of the gods brQught a gold- alike may well take to' heart, fQr it is en cup brimming with ambrosia, SQme a demonstration of the fact that of which Rahu, a famous demon, man- Christ is building up a great commuaged to get; but befDre it had got nity Qf witnesses to' Himself even in past his throat Vishnu threw his these days of PQlitical ferment and discus and cut off Rahu's huge head. religious disuniQn: "During the time The ambrosia drunk had, hQwever, that I was in charge Df this area as made his head immortal, so it soared Bishop of Madras, the administration to the sky. Since then it has fQl- Df the ten districts was entirely in lowed the sun and moon with open the hands of EurQpean missionaries. mouth, and when it swallows either A benevDlent autQcracy seemed to be there is an eclipse." the Dnly possible form Df government. When the diQcese Df Dornakal was Scotch Mission Centenary formed, Bishop Azariah (the first na- tive bishop to be apPQinted) tried a ASERVICE wQrthy of a great DC- bold experiment. He divided up the casion was held in the Ambroli Church, Girgaum, Bombay, when

1925J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ten districts and put the administra- Rev. J. H. Warnshuis, the capable tion in the hands of an Indian coun- missionary of the Arcot Mission of cil, presided over by Indian priests, the Reformed Church in America. He all of outcaste origin, with the Euro- writes: "One of the very encouraging pean missionaries in the background, features of the past year bas been the no longer as autocrats but as advisers. awakening which Government has ex- The experience so far has been a perienced. In June I was summoned striking success. Both the Indian with two other missionaries to discuss clergy and the Indian councils have with the .Minister for Education of the risen to the occasion, and shown un- Madras Government a program for suspected powers of initiative and the extension of elementary education. The objective which the Minister had management. "

l'he Sadhu's Latest Book placed before himself was the estab- lishment of schools in everyone of the T HE paragraph on Sadhu Sundar four thousand and odd villages of the Singh in the September REVIEW lfadrml Presidency with a population referred to his new book, "Reality and of over 500 within the next three Religion. " Further details about years and the extension ofelementary this volume are given by the Dnyano- education to the 25,000 villages o~ the daya. It consists of twenty-seven Presidency in ten years. He was not "Meditations on God, Man and Na- dismayed by the task of training 70,- ture," written out first in Urdu and 000 teachers required for this extenthen put into an English fOJ.-m by the sion. That there are many obstacles Sadhu and Dr. Appasamy working to the translation of this program into together, Canon Streeter adding a accomplished fact is obvious but one useful Introduction. "In this little cannot but take heart at seeing the book, " says the author in his Preface, newly elected Government conceive "I have put down some of the ideas projects with such boldness and and illustrations which are the out- faith. " come of my meditation. I am neither a philosopher nor a theologian, but a Christians "Until Death" humble servant of the Lord, whose delight it is to meditate on the love of THE story of the village of Daurala, . God and on the great wonders of His near Meerut, India, is told in creation. " The Sadhu's father, who Evangelical Christendom: "Almost before he died became one of the the entire community of 500 expressed Sadhu's own converts, insisted on a wish to be taught the religion of J esns, and to be prepared for baptism. buying a house at Sabathu two or The C. lVI. S. missionaries pitched their three hQurs'· railway journey from camp in the village, and instructed the Simla where his son could retire for inhabitants. Attempts were made to rest, meditation, and study. The book drive them away, but they stood their was written here, the Sadhu working ground, and inquirers were not in any on the Urdu ms. "about twelve hours way terrorized by the efforts. Final. a day for twelve days." ly, when the time came no fewer than 206 were baptized, and their convic- Government Consults a Missionary tion was expressed by one who said: EDUCATION, it will be recalled, is 'Ve and our wives are Christians un- . one of the departments of the til death -even if you grind us to British administration of India en- powder.' After the baptism, promi- tirely transferred to the Indian Gov- nent Hindus from Meerut visited the .ernment. In spite of the prejudice, village, anq did all in their power to even .bitterness, against everything win them back. They failed, and ~ a Western which has marked the spirit sign of their failure a notic~' was of nationalism, the educationaT au- posted; saying, 'They were not willing thorities' of the Madras Government tpgive IIp'Christial!-itY~,arid any have "recently called into consultation Chamar wholiolds'any 'e'8mmfuiication

with them is also outcasted, till he village and the government Kachin shall have paid a fine of 50 Rs. and a school are doing good work and are in feast to the brotherhood.' After six greatest harmony. The government months not one of the converts has school is a model of order and clean- gone back. All remain faithfuL" liness. All the teachers are members of thc Sinlum church and are a great Burmese Buddhists Violent asset to the work in this field."

AFTER the forcible breaking up A Half-Century in Siam. by the authorities of a street meeting in Rangoon, early in October, THE journey from Bangkok to following the conviction of U. Otto- Chiengmai which fifty years ago mil., a prominent Buddhist monk and took ninety long weary days in a boat a leader of the Extremists, the Bud- pulled by men is now made in just dhist monks were alleged to have twenty-four hours by railroad. This vowed to wreak vengeance on the is only one of the changes wrought polic·e. This threat was not taken coincidentally with the advance of seriously, but a few days later the Christianity in Siam.· In the early monks assaulted a native police pa- days the missionaries waited many trol, who were told they would be months for their mail from the out- killed if they failed to resign from side; now the buzz of an airplane an- the police force. This assault was not nounces that it has arrived from very serious and was regarded as an Bangkok. Bridges of concrete and isolated affair, but a gang of some steel and macadamized roads reach- twenty monks savagely assaulted Pro- ing out into the country in all direc- fessor and Mrs. Gleason of Judson tions from Chiengmai provide smooth College while they were walking thoroughfares for the motorist. The along the street. Both were badly few curious listeners on the veranda cut about the head and were removed of Dr. McGilvary's sala have become to a hospitaL Military police sur- a church numbering thousands of rounded the monastery where the Christians in over a hundred villages. . monks reside, and seven monks con- The improvised dispensary on that nected with the assault were arrested. same veranda where Dr. McGilvary had to coax the unwilling natives to A Busy BnrlUese Pastor take the foreign quinine has become the fine McCormick Hospital which THE Rachins in northern Burma serves thousands.-1'he Continent. are a people that not long ago were considered hopelessly wild by the Buddhist Activity in Ceylon Government but who now in large numbers have been "tamed" by the MISS KING, an English- Baptist Gospel and have hecome useful law- mil>sionary in Colombo, writes of abiding citizens. Mrs. Hanson, an her work: "House·to-house visitation English missionary, says of Saya Zaw brings one into contact with many Tu, one of their leading pastors: "He kinds of people. In Colombo most of is indeed a busy man. We have at- our work lies among the people of the tended with him in the past month, slums and the poorer classes, but oc- three sending-the-bride-off parties, casionally we visit among the well-toseven weddings, three housewarmings, do. We usually have a very hearty one church dedication, one semi-an- welcome from the women, especially nual church meeting, twenty baptisms if the men folk are not at home. Occa- and two funerals. This gives an idea sionally we are told that we are not of some phases of his work beside his wanted, but that is rare. Even if going from village to village preach- they do not want us they generally ing. His preaching is of an unusually listen quite politely to what we have high order. Would that we had more to say. In connection with the Bud- men like him! The schools in this dhist revival the young men are par-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ticularly active, directing their atten- $1,000, the Civil Governor $500, and tion mainly to the boys and girls. others small amounts totalling about Buddhist Sunday-schools are being $500. Then a large meeting, called to started everywhere, and pickets are organize the Rociety and elect officers, placed along the roads in order to was held in the city's public lecture prevent the children coming to the hall and waR well attended. The pur- Christian Sunday-school. Organized pose of the society is twofold: to women's work is also carried on vig- reform ten present evils, and to sug- orously by Buddhist nuns. In spite gest an equal number of civic imof the opposition, we have managed provements. Among these are: to keep our little Sunday-school to- Opium Public Hygiene gether. The numbers are very much Gambling Sbort CoursB Schools depleted, but we have a faithful few. Concubinage Home for Cripples Many of the children who have left Immoral Literature Amusements and Lec· would gladly come if they could, but Foot-Binding they are afraid of their parents' tures anger." Cigarettes Public Playgrounds Immorality Industrial Training CHINA Extravagance Idolatrous Practices for Beggars Snft'ering by Chinese Christians Strong Drink A Museum A "Relieving Calam- ities Society"

REPRESENTATIVES of the Chinese Church Fights OpiulIl China Inland Mission have opportunities to see conditions in some ALARMED over the rapid spread of the provinces which other people of the opium evil in China in do not realize. China's MilLions re- recent years, the Christian churches ports some of these: The evangelist of China observed the last Sunday in at one of the outstations of Kopu, in September as anti-opium Sunday. the province of Kweichow, has been Parades, demonstrations and mass killed by bandits. From Tating, in meetings were planned for in order the same province, Mr. J. H. Robin- to show opposition to the opium trafson writes, that he continues to re- fic. The National Christian Council ceive reports of the barbarity of rob- distributed among the churches a bers, the rapacity of officials, and of number of suggestions to aid them in many persons being obliged to eat observing the day. In the outline roots to avoid starvation. He adds: prepared by the Council it was ex- " As an example of the first, an evan- plained that the recrudescence of gelist writes about a church member opium in China (the planting of the who was hung by his wrists and poppy was completely stopped in burned with fire till he died, because ] 917) is due to overproduction dura ransom of $600 was not forthcom- ing the World War, the surplus nating. Another church member was urally seeking a market in the east. beaten almost to death." AL'lO on account of the high price and the large profits of this traffic the Social Reform Movement local cultivation of the poppy was en- couraged by militarists in league with LAST spring the Nanking Church bad merchants who are seeking noth- Council, composed of Chinese and ing but civil war and gain. Chrisforeign representatives of all denom- tians were urged to cooperate with inations working in the city, started hospitals and the churches' social a movement to organize a Social Re- form Society. They prepared a service work in helping people break prospectus and gave copies to about the opium habit, to cooperate with all seventy-five of the leading' officials Christian and non-Christian forces in and citizens, who gave their signa- working to make their region poppy- tures of approval. A dinner was less, and to make known to the public given at which subscriptions were the facts about their city. whether taken. The Military Governor gave favorable or unfavorable, so as to

arouse nationwide pressure on the A Chinese Bible Student, government and local authorities to help China free herself from the REV. JOHN F. STEINER of Haibondage of opium. A National Anti- nan, writes, as quoted in the Opium Association, supported by necord of Christian Work: "A cermore than thirty Chinese organiza- tain man out here had never heard a tions in Shanghai, among them the sermon or attended a religious service. China Red Cross Society, the Chinese Through our evangelist a copy of the Newspapers Union and the World Bible fell into his hands. This was Chinese Students Federation, has read over and over, and he became been organized to fight the opium convinced of its truth. Today he is traffic.-The Continent. saturated with its teachings. He quotes text after text, is familiar with T"'Chinese -Extra.vagance both the Old and the New Testament, HE custom of spending more on and finds chapter and verse without . weddings and funerals than can the use of a concordance. Best of all, well be afforded seems to have been he has been instrumental in leading handed down through the ages. It eighteen of his villagers to become is done in America and other English- Christians, and they have provided speaking countries. It is done in their own chapel. His house is at the China, where millions and millions roadside, and he always has some inare so poor that from their cradles to teresting direct gospel message posted their graves they do not know what up for the benefit of the passerby." it is to have enough to eat. And yet friends say there as here, "We must New Standards for ,Husbands give him a good funeral without thinking of the expens"e," and "She T HE report of the work carried on must have a nice wedding." For in- in Tsinanfu, China, by the Presbystance, a man. died in Tsian, and, al- terian Church in the U. S. A. points tp.ough the family was exceedingly out as one of the indications of "a poor, they donned coarse white gar- new and most hopeful spirit" the ments and wailed. Mourners were changed attitude of certain young hired to" make a louder wailing and women regarding their future husmoney was spent for incense and bands." It is reported that girls in candles and for images to be burned. non-Christian homes of wealth and re- The. Chinese also waste much money finement are saying that they do not on weddings., In contrast with the want to be married to men of the vipoverty of the masses this seems to cious habits to which most of tlle us inexcusa,ble. But they will not wealthy non-Christian young men are hear of anything else. When a Chi- addicted, but that they want Chris, ese girl child rid'es through the streets tian husbands because they realize sitting beside her future husband, that the chances of a happy life for old enough perhaps to be her grand- themselves and their children are father, there ride in front of her vastly greater if they are the wives of innumerable red boxes carrying the clean purpos2ful men. A young (lustomary gifts. On the other hand, Mohammedan woman recently widowthere is great objection to spending ed is said to have declared her purmoney for needed medicines for the pose to marry again and to marry a sick. A girl may stay away from Christian. She is intimately aothe factory, but a dollar for cod liver quainted with the home life of two oil is considered out' of the question. Christian families. A certain hand- The family steadily delay buying it, some daughter of a wealthy family giving as an excuse, perhaps, that was'betrothed to a student of the Unithey must consult the grandmother versity School of Medicine. She is the :who lives up in the country. only Christian in .her family. She broke the engagement because she be- came convinced that" the young man's

1.925] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

{)hristianity was only nominal. He tel' and Lord. To this end there will might have prospects of becoming a be institutes held all over the country good doctor, but if he was to become in each worker's territory, in which her husband he must be a warm- the teachers from near-by churches hearted Christian as welL" will be assembled in a three days'

consecration meeting. The ..;.ssembly JAPAN AND CHOSEN also took a forward step in establish- Uses of a Gosllel Hall ing an Assembly's Home Mission J P. HASSELL, writing in the Committee to have charge of all the • Presbyterian Survey of some of work for Koreans outside the bounds the urgent needs of the J.apan Mis- ofthe presbyteries, or in presbyteries sion of the Southern Presbyterian which are not able to overtake their Church, says: "One piece of equip- work. Heretofore this has all been ment which is most needed at every under the Korean Foreign Mission mission station is what has come to be Committee, with the result that this known as a Gospel Hall. This is 10- committee had more work than it <lated somewhere near the business could finance or overtake, and many {lenter of the city. On the ground were becoming discouraged.

floor is the auditorium, which should Lepers Support .Lepers be sufficiently roomy for preaching to the crowds who come in from the H OW the lepers in Fusan, Korea, streets. Here, too, stereopticon lec- helped one another was told in tures, moving pictures illustrating the September R~:vIEw. The same Bible themes, Bible classes, and Sun- principle is' illustrated in the followday-schools may be held every night ing story. told by Rev. J. Kelly Unger, of the week. The upstairs is used for of K wangju, Korea: "The winter reading room, for the training place leper beggars have always presented for inquirers, and as a place for gath- a pathetic problem at Kwangju. When ering in the young men who have the cold ,V'eather starts they come in absolutely no place where they may large numbers, begging to enter the go for friendly advice. In other Home, and they are placed in mud words, it takes the place of a church, huts, where they are kept alive Sunday-school building,and Y. M. thrDugh the cold weather. Last win- C. A. combined, and is looked upon ter we ha<1 one hundred such cases: as the headquarters of the Christian the three hnts were built to accommoactivities of the province in which it date about thirty-five. Consequently is located. There are ten stations in they could not all sleep on the floor at .mr ,Japan Mission, not one of which one time, and they slept soldier-fashhas as yet been equipped with a Gos- ion in relays-some sitting up while pel Hall." others slept. These lepers are taken for only the six months of winter; the Korean General AsseJllbly rest of the year they must beg for a living. On May first, the day on which THIS representative body, which they are turned out, they protested unites the various branches of the violently last Tear. One hundred de- Presbyterian Church at work in spised lepers to be turned out on a Korea, heard especially encouraging world steeled against them. No funds reports at its last meeting of the were on hand for such a crisis. Who growth of Sunday-schools and vaca- was to act to prevent this calamity?

tion Bible schools. The Assembly I could do nothing. Then the thought voted to make this coming year one in came to me that this was an oppor- which there would be a united effort tunity to test the hearts and charaC~ to deepen the spiritual life of the tel'S of the lepers who have been teachers· and bring each pupil to a Christians for years, and who realized definite acceptance of Christ as Mas- more than any other people, the ,life

to be faced by those who were to go work in the sugar industry. The out. I called them into the church years immediately following wit- building. All seemed touched; it was nessed a very unsettled state of the a crucial moment. Before this big Indian people. About one half of the audience of lepers, I made an appeal Indian population in Fiji took part for one hundred other lepers. After in a prolonged strike; there were some discussion, they decided that if riots in the capital, and the cry -every four lepers would adopt one "Back to India" was raised throughleper, they could, by each giving a out the whole country. Thousands part of his food, support all theil' of Indians applied to the Government adopted fellow-sufferers. All consent- for free passages to India, to which ed to do their part, and by the next they were entitled. Hundreds were morning all of these hundred cases shipped off by every available coolie had their new parents. The Kwang- boat. After a while numbers began ju leper colony is, therefore, itself to return. They told of the intense supportiug a leper colony." summer heat of North India, after the cooler summer of Fiji; of the ISLANDS OF THE SEA great rise in the price of foodstuffs since they left the land of their birth, Loyalty in Loyalty Islands 10, 20, 30, or more years before; of the terriOle toll of life taken by dis- THE Loyalty Islands, long a field ease; the ravages of bubonic plague, of the London Missionary Society, smallpox, cholera, etc., which are unhave now been transferred to the known in Fiji, and which struck ter- Paris Missionary Society, which is ror into their hearts. They found it placing there a stronger staff than not a simple matter to get back into the L. M. S. ever had. A letter from their own caste again. They were the leading native pastor, from which far better off materially in the newer, the following extract is taken, repre- healthy home of Fiji, and their tale sents the mingled pain and anticipa- checked, to a great extent, the rush tion of a period of transition and at back to India, so that at the present the same time shows how deep a hold day there is a population of 65,000 the English missionaries had gained Indians settled in Fiji; a popUlation upon the affections of the people. already increasing in numbers by a steady natural increase. Great is our gratitude and joy that you, our father and mother the L. M. S. have A Correction not forgotten us, and we cry sorely again to hear the counsel and blessing of you, our THJo:: CEIRISTIAN ALLU.NCE IY ECUADOR father. We cannot forget how you have fostered us in the Gospel of Jesus through One of the active and effective evangelical your miSSionaries, from a time long ago, missionary agenci~s in the neglected land of and until now, when you hand us over to Ecuador is the Christian and Missionary Alli- French missionaries. We now accept with ance, an undenominational work that has its pleasure that which you our father have headquarters in New York City. An article on eommanded, namely, that we should strictly Ecuador in the November REVIEW made referobey God accordin'g to the missionaries and ence to the work of the Alliance but did not church of Paris. ilVe are so acting towards adequately present the importance and full re· them now. But oh, father and mother, we suIts of the enterprise. . were consecrated w:th you to the holy work of God. Now will this be' There is doubt Mr. Jordan, the agent of the American Bible as to the issue, and we do not know as yet if the measure of the Freneh missionaries Society, states that the missionary activities ot will accord with yonrs, although, by our faith in God, we say "good," and what the Alliance in Guayaquil have I.'loduced a very more can we say now' favorable situation for the Gospel in Ecuador. The Alliance congregatbn in that city "taxes to Indians in Fiji the limits the largest buildings" they have se- cured. Evangelical missionary efforts in behalt THE year 1920 saw the abolition of of the people 01 Ecuador are very inadequate. the indenture system, by which, but the A1Uance is doing effective work and in for many years, men and women had QUito has put up a. building which with the been brought from India to Fiji to pro-party is worth over $22,QOO. There are on the misfllon staff I)f the Al1ia;uce in Ecuador twenty-t1ve missionaries, not including two at home on furlough and two loaned to the Amer~ iean Bible Society. The Alliance has stations in Quito. Guayaquil. Ambato and aIDong the Indians at Agato. Re'V. W. M. Turnbull reports that the Alliance nlans to largely reinforce their work in Ecuador.

MISSJ[ONARY

NOTE.-Any books mentioned in race; the fact of inequality; the these pages will be sent from the office truth of equality; the ethics of em- of the REVIEW on receipt of listed pire; India and the British Common- price, postage prepaid. wealth; immigration; intermarriage; Christianity and the Race Problem. J. H. social equality; political equality; Oldham. 280 pp. $2.25. New York. population; guiding principles; prac- 1924. tical steps; and the universal com- Without discussing the anthropolog- munity of the loyal.

ical and biological phases of the race His discussions of the guiding problem, (except briefly in chapter principles in interracial relationships X) Mr. Oldham addresses himself to and the practical steps which may be the task of pointing out the contribu- taken to meet Christian ideals and tion which the Christian Church remove racial enmity and friction are should make to the solution of the perhaps the most valuable. His three multitudinous' racial contacts and guiding principles are that race must frictions of our turbulent time. .As not be ignored or underrated; it Secretary of the International Mis- must not be allowed to obscure sionary Council and Editor of the uniqueness and the value of the indi- International Re1,iew of Missions, and vidual; and the racial differences are especially because of his relation to intended to minister to the fulfilment the British Government in its world- of a common purpose.

wide relations of alien rulership- The value of the volume is indicated where his counsel is often asked and by an outline of the practical steps given-he is qualified as few other i:luggested for reaching Christian men to discuss this theme. While ideals: (1) The conversion of our others have written helpfully upon 0 w n minds; courtesy, kindness, this subject, including our own Dr. friendship, love of justice. (2) Study Robert Speer, this is probably the and research: The picture in our best general discussion that has ap- own minds, need of a machinery of peared recently. knowledge; the Church and 'SOcial For American readers chapters VII and international problems; personal and VIII, "The Ethics of Empire" and impersonal aspects of modern and" India and the British Common- life. (3) Interracial cooperation in wealth, " might have been given to counsel and action: Interracial move- some wider international themes, yet ment in America; 'cooperation in even as it is, this selection of topics South Africa. (4) Formation of pub- for discussion could scarcely be im- lic opinion: Education, the Press.

proved upon. The chapter on "Im- (5) The missionary movement.

migration" is not satisfactory for Page 247 is a fine illustration of America where its problems are acute Mr. Oldham's ability to condense in- and complicated. to a brief paragraph the achievements After preRenting salient points in of the missionary enterprise. His the relation of the past to the greatly final paragraph of that chapter states changed present and the Christian his opinion as to altered conditions view of race relationships as related facing the enterprise: "New condi- to facts, Mr. Oldham takes up four- tions call for changes in the mission- teen vital studies: The causes of ra- ary outlook and in missionary meth- cial antagonism; the significance of ods. Leadership must pass more and 75

more into the hands of the growing ent by means of myths, legends and Christian Churches. But the call to historical stories. the disinterested service of other peoples is as insistent as ever. Such The amount of missionary informa- positive senice is the most powerful tion in the book is small, for there was counteractive of the disintegrating not space to tell, even in outline, of and estranging forces of national the transfClrmation wrought in these selfishness. So long as men believe in islands by Christian missionaries. the Incarnation. those will be found Full credit is given to them for the who esteem it their joy and privilege double development in Christianity to spend their live~ in ministering to and civilization. One paragraph de- others, regardless of differences of serves to be quoted; "Foreigners from nationality and race, "-an indica- all over the world called on the Hation of the power which holds thou- waiians and remained with them forty sands of our missionary workers hap- years before the missionaries came. pily to their arduous tasks. H. P. B. Their influence was negative. They did not study the people nor help The Law of Apostasy in Islam. S. M. them to study ….. No earnest effort Zwemer. IlluRtrated. 8vo. 162 pp. 88. was made by anyone to help the na- London. 1924. tives intellectually until the mission- aries came," The paucity of converts to Christ from Islam has puzzled many Chris- Human Australasia, Charles Franklin tians and !'tas discouraged some from Thwing. 270 pp. $2.50. Macmillan Co. attempting to conduct missions New York. 1923. among them. It did not discourage Raymond Lull and does not discour- Considering the brevity of his visit age Dr. Zwemer who, in this volume, to Australia and New Zealand, Dr. gives some reasons why there are so Thwing has given us a surprisingly few converts. It is a book to read accurate record of the living condithoughtfully and should act as a tions in those island continents and an stimulus to prayer and more earnest unusually penetrating interpretation effort. The law of apostasy, and of the life, the ideals, and achieve- Moslem intolerance and persecution ments of the ·people. The two counhave. led to many martyrdoms, but tries are far too little known and Dr. Zwemer points encouragingly to understood in a day when such lack the signs of the dawning of a new era. Missionaries to Moslems and of knowledge is largely the cause oi those interested in this difficult work should read Dr. Zwemer's book. animosity between races. Dr. Thwing's book is certainly written with a hu- ~awaiian Historical Legends. W. D. Wes- manitarian pen. tervl'It. 8 full page illust!ations. 215 pp. $1.50 net. Fleming H. Revell Company. '1.'he author has attempted to give New York. 1923. the sifted results of his observation of what he terms "the newest, the. most Anythi.ng pertaining to the Hawaii- interesting, the most quickening to rean Islands is of interest to the student flection, and apparently the final outof Christian progress for here was post of Anglo·Saxon civilization. " wrought one of the greatest achieve- 'fhe student of political science and ments of modern missions. This book of sociology, a~ well as fair-minded is the sixth in a series written about observers of events in the Far East, the islands by Mr. W. D. Westervelt will be especially. interested in the who has resided there for thirty-five original and courageous experiments years, Twenty-one brief but well- in industrial legislation that have written chapters trace the history of been made in both the Commonwealth Hawaii from the dim days of fabled of Australia and the Dominion of gods and, demigods down to the pres- New Zealand. A chapter is .devoted to the relation of bpth'these countries to the lands of the O.6ent. In some of his comparisons between the West Indies, Philippines, Siam, China, Japan- and the Levant. The the people of the Commonwealth and cost of this great work last year was $1,172,319. those of the United States of Amer- ica, Dr. Thwring is in some cases a little wide of the truth. For example, Our Neighbors. Annie Marion MacLean. 288 pp. $1.75. New York. 1922. he asserts that "the priest, the clergy- man, and the theological teacher are One finishes reading this book with distinguished rather for their activity a decided feeling that he has actually than for their scholarship." From a livcd with "Our Neighbors." Miss close acquaintance with the clergy of MacLean takes you right into the ac- both countries the reviewer can testify tual home life and work life of our that the rank and file of the clergy in immigrants and our Negro neighbors Australia are more thoroughly edu- in thc most skillful way. The book is cated than the rank and file of their marked throughout by first-hand brethren in the United States. knowledge of our 'neighbors, a deep Dr. 'l'hwing also states that these syni:pathy with our neighbors and a southern lands seem to have "a spe- keen appreciation of their struggles.

cial affinity with unique forms of It is a timelvbook-a real contribu- faith, of feeling, and of healing, and tion to a better understanding of our many cults abound outside of the more future Americans. J. MOD.

historic faiths and associations." The fact is that there are fewer cults in A New Missionary Map. Size, 4lx98 inches. Price, cloth, $3.75; paper, $2_00. Australia than in most of the other The Missionary Educatiol). Movecountries in the world, and decidedly ment has met a need by the publica- tion of a new missionary map of the fewer than in North America. Dr. world which contains several distinc- tive features. Professor Goode's new 'rhwing has entirely missed the mark, Homolosine Projection gives the true relative sizes of all countries and powhen he states that "the people of litical divisions are shown in seven colors. Two inserts give tables of these new lands are not primarily re- religious areas and population.

ligious. "

With a population comprised al- most wholly of English, Irish and Scottish peoples, the religious element in Australia and New Zealand is a force that is silently and unobtrusive- The Pharisees. R. Travers Herford. 231t pp. and 4 indices. $2.00. New York_ ly but nevertheless surely moulding 1924.

the character of those nations. This is Mr. Herford's second book on Pharisaism, the first having been On the whole, however, the book is published in 1912. The author denies. that he offers in this any more than a fair and decidedly interesting sur- in his former book, an apologia for the Pbarisees, but in the judgment of vey of the life of these two new and the reviewer he is their advocate and eulogist. He bas convinced himself growing nations of the southern seas_ of the moral and spiritual superiority of Pharisaism. This involves of In easy, conversational style, the au- eourse an inadequate view of Jesus, whom be does not hesitate to charthor has pourecl. the distillation of a acterize, by implication, as ignorant of the true nature of the Pharisaism keen, human observation of a people, He denounced. He speaks of Paul as one who, "whether by conscious who, in the opinion of a distinguished intention or not," distorted the facts. to fit his special theory. He declares, interpreter of conditions in Austral- ",Tudaism was widely different from asia, "are the finest human raw ma- terial in the world. " w. w. R.

American Bible Society. 108th Annual Re- port. New York. 1924.

This Society issued last year 7,- 101,289 volumes, an increase of over 2,500,000 compared with the previous year. The Society has distributing centers, not only in America but in Mexico, Central and South America, the misshapen phantom conjured up Page sees clearly the imperfections of by Paul." The sentiment of the au- the League of Nations, but believes in thor is contained in a paragraph near its possible use as an expression of the end of Chapter VIII: "But the" international mind." The clos- Christianity, whether preached by ing chapter on "Churches and War"

Paul or the Church since his day, points out possible channels of action had not, and has not, anything to for individuals and groups. He be- offer to Judaism of which Judaism lieves that "the churches of America stands in vital need." bave it within their power to kindle It was said of a great botanist the imagination and enthusiasm of that "in his quest for grasses he the warsick masses in these lands trampled down oaks." This is exact- (Europe and the Near East) and to ly what the author of this book has aid them in breaking the vicious done. If he had lived in Jerusalem circle of fear and armaments, greater about the year 29 A. D., doubtless he armaments and more intense fear." c. C. A. would have connseled the Master to make terms with the Pharisees-to 1 graft His new ideas into the stalk of Pharisaism-and had he been a con- The Year Book of the Churches-1924-25. temporary of Paul, he could have en- Edited by ·E. O. Watson. Baltimore. lightened the apostle as to the true 1924. nobility of the sect to which Paul himself had once belonged! No religious handbook for America is so complete and reliable as this Edersheim, who, like Paul, was which is published for the Federal himself a Jew before he found in Council of Churches. Its directory, Christ the power of God and the synopses, statistics and bibliography are very valuable.

wisdom of God unto salvation, char- Tarbell's Teachers' Guide to the Internaacterizes the theology of the Pharisees tional Sunday Beliool Lessons, 1925. 8vo.

as "a terrible mass of conflicting 416 pp. $2.0(}. 1924.

statements and debasing supersti- For twenty-five years, Miss Martha Tarbell has been writing these Bible tions," and W ellhausen speaks of the lesson guides. They are rich in sug- gestions to teachers and have maps, Pharisees as having "killed nature by legal prescriptions." c. c. A.

illustrations, questions and home War: Its Causes, Consequences and Cure. readings related to the study of the Kirby Page. 204 pp. with appendix and life of Jesus, the Acts, and the index. $1.50. New York. 1924. Epistles. The expositions consist The author of this book is one of largely of quotations from wellthe leaders of that group of younger known evangelical preachers and men who, since the World War, have teachers.

given themselves wholeheartedly to the preaching of the doctrine of a Fifty Years' Work for Lepers. 1874-1924. radical pacifism. However candidly London.

we may confess society's responsi- Few forms of philanthropic work bility for an outbreak or epidemic of make such an appeal to the heart as crime, we do not relax our efforts to the ministry to sufferers from this discover and to restrain actual crim- dread disease. The Mission to Lepers inals. The author's chapter on has rendered and is rendering a re- "What Did the War Accomplish 1" markable Christlike service in ninety- is a rehearsal of the failure of the four stations in fifteen countries Peace Treaty to secure peace. The among over eight thousand lepers.

chief value of the book is in the dis- The story of the work in these sta- cussion of the question, "How can tions gives hope for ridding the world further wars be prevented?" Mr. of leprosy. The Old Testament-A New Translation. tament student to perceive that the James Moffatt. Volume I. 12mo. 500 pp. $2.50, net. New York. 1924. Hebrew Scriptures constitute a living The first thing that strikes O1).e book. o. o. A.

about this "new translation" of the Scripture Calendars for 1925. 1& to 28, 6d each. Pickering and Inglis. 229 Bothhistorical books of the Old Testament well Street, Glasgow, Scotland. is that it is not altogether a translation but is at times a paraphrase. There is nothing more helpful than The second thing is that it lacks the to begin each day with a message sublimity of the King James and Re- from God's Word. A comment, intervised Versions. There are a few pretation, an illustration or applica- {)missions and changes which many tion from some Christian student and Bible scholars declare unwarranted teacher is also stimulating to spiritual :and there is an acceptance of un- thoughts. These are both supplied in proved modern critical theories in re- the assortment of fifteen attractive gard to authorship and text. The calendars of various sizes and prices. language at times is inappropriate to One on the wall of a bedroom may Bible times and themes. Neverthe- change the course of thought and life less, the translation is an interesting for a day, for a year, or, perchance, attempt to modernize the Old Testa- for eternity. The calendars make exment and offers a good basis for com- cellent Christmas and New Year gifts.

parison with· the established versions The New World of Labor. Sherwood Eddy. which this one cannot by any means 12mo. 216 pp. $1.50. New York. 1924.

displace for study or devotional There are two sides to the labor reading. problem, but most laborers and cap- italists and their friends see but one One Generation to Another. Harris Elliott side. Both have abused power and K,rk, D.D. 8vo. 225 pp. $1.50. New have sought selfish ends. Dr. Eddy, York. 1924. while neither a laborer nor an em- ployer, has been stirred by the sights These sermons on characters and incidents in the Old Testament by and stories of wrongs of' laboring the well-known Baltimore pastor classes in China, Japan, India, Russia, make the Old Testament a living Amel'ica and in other lands. He debook, and obscure texts yield rich scribes many evils and abuses and treasures. The Old Testament, ex- rightly advocates the application of cept the Psalms and perhaps the Christian principles to settle labor Book of Isaiah, is much neglected by difficulties, to give a living wage, to many contemporary preachers. We establish reasonable hours and healthwelcome therefore every earnest ef- ful conditions in industry. He does fort to reveal how largely the prin- not, however, sufficiently emphasize ciples of Christian faith are not the unity of interest in capital and merely latent in the Old Testament labor, and need for honest, faithful but in good part are plainly pro- work and adherence to agreements by claimed. laborers, or the rights of employers Dr. Kirk is modern in his views, and workers to make and abide by yet not "modernist" and he carries contracts without dictation from with him into the pulpit a powerful bosses and unions or bankers. Many searchlight and hesitates not to flash laborers escape the tyranny of self- it into dark corners of our minds. ish employers only to come under the The book warrants more than a casual tyranny of labor leaders.

reading for, next to Hubert Simpson, Many will welcome Dr. Eddy's the author of "The Intention of His statement of facts who will not agree Soul," a brother-in-law of the late with all of his conclusions. The Dr. Alexander White of Edinburgh, remedies that he suggests or advocates Dr. Kirk helps the practical Old Tes- are generally wise and Christian. The l05th Report of the Board of Foreign Missionary Lives for Children. Three Vol- Missions of the Methodist Episcopal umes. 65 cents each. George H. Doran Church. New York. 1923. Co. New York. 1924 : I"ivingstone of Africa, by C. T. Bedford, The story of the year's work of this 61 pp. society is ~ record of great achieve- John Williams of the South Sea Islands; ments in fifty-two fields where 1,900 by Norman J. Davidson. 59 pp. missionaries are working. The amount Bishop Bompas of the Frozen North, by expended in 1923 was $5,351,540, an Nigel B. M. Gra,hame. 60 pp. increase of $230,000 over the previous year. Mimosa. Amy Wilson Carmichael. 152 pp. 75 cpnts. Miss Cora A. Kane, 281 State Christian and Missionary Alliance. 27th Street, Albany, New York. 1924. Annual Report 1923-24. New York. l'roblem of Immortality. R. A. Tsanofl'. This independent "Faith" mission 381 pp. $3.00. Macmillan Co. New has about five hundred missionarieB York. 1924. on twenty foreign fields. Their work is largely pioneering and is encour- Race and Race Relations. Robert E. Speer_ agingly fruitful in spiritual results. 428 pp. $3.50. Fleming H. Revell Co. New): ork. 1924. The .Place of Boyhood in the Nations of the World. 12mo. 355 pp. World's Roman Christianity in Latin America. Web- Committee of the Y. M. C. A. Boys' ster E. Browning. 96 pp. $1.00. Flem- Division. New York. 1924. ing H. Revell Co. New York. 1924.

This is a report of the conference Some Modern Problems in the Light of of workers among boys held in Bible Prophecy. Christabel Pankhurst. Austria in June, 1923. The addresses ]92 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell Co. and reports of commissions are full New York. 1924. of information and inspiration and show what a far-reaching and impor- The Supreme Virtue: Loyalty to God's tant work this is. Among the ad- Anointed King. Katharine C. Bushnell. dresses published here are those by Pamphlet. 50 cents. 127 Sunnyside Ave., Bishop Nicolai (Jugo-Slavia), Prince Oaklaml, California. 1924. Bernadotte (Sweden), Dr. Karl Fries (Switzerland), Lord Radstock (Eng- Charles Lemuel Thompson, an Autobiog~ land), Dr. Sherwood Eddy and Dr. raphy. }]dited by Elizabeth Osborn John R. Mott (America). Thompson. 289 pp. $2.50. Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. 1924. NEW BOOKS The Virgin's Son. .John R. Champion. 16(} Authentic Literature 01 Israel. Elizabeth Czarnomska. 422 pp. $4.00. Macmillan pp. $1.25. Bible Institute Colportage Co. New York. 1924. Association. Chicago. ] 924.

Beyond the Moon Gate. Welthy Honsinger. Who Shall Command Thy Heart 1 Thomas 174 pp. Abingdon Press. New York. Hal! Shastid. 367 pp. $2.00. George 1924. Wahr. Ann Arbor, Michigan. 1924.

Blue Tiger. Harry R. Caldwell. 261 pp. What Did Jesus Mean by "The KingdOm. Abingdon Press. New York. 1924. of God 1" Charles W. Bakeley. Pamph. let. 15 cents. 15 for $1.00. Author. A Doubter's Doubts about Science and Re- Newark, New Jersey. 1924. ligion. Tbird Edition. Sir Robert An- derson. 176 pp. 38, Bd. Pickeriug and Year Book of the Churches, 1924-25. Ed- Inglis. Glasgow. 1924. ited by E. O. Watson. $1.50. Federal Council or J. E. Stohlmann, 129 Park Row. Fifty Years Work for Lepers, 1874-1924. New York. 1924. An account of the founding and growth of the :Mission to Lepers. 86 pp. Mis· Old Testament-a New Translation. James. sion to Lepers. New York and London. Moffatt. $2.50. George H. Doran Co. 1924. New York. 1924.

law 01 Apostasy in Islam. Samuel M. Two of Us in Africa. Dicie M. Rittenhouse. Zwemer., 162 pp. 6.8. Marshall Bros. 218 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell. New,· London. 1924. York. 1924.

Tales from the African Jungle (Pie Series). Various Authors Who Have Lived in . Africa. 62 pp. 18. Church Missionary Society. London. 1924.

Model of a West African Hut with complete material for making a realistic thatched hut with people and household properties. Marjory Palmer. 28. Church Missionary Soeiety. London.

The Missionary Review of the World — 1924 Index

MISSIONARY

REVIEW 0/ the WORLD VOL. XLVII OLD SERIES VOL. XXXVII NEW SERIES Founded In 1878 by Edltor-In-Chlef, 1888 to 1911 REV. ROYAL G. WILDER, D.D. REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D.D.

January to 'December, 1924 EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON EDITORIAL COUNCIL REV. A. R. BARTHOLOMEW, D.D. 1>IRs. HELEN BARRETT MONTGOYEBY REV. ARTLEY B. PARSON REV. ENOCH F. BELL MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL FLORENOE E. QUINLAN MRs. E. O. CRoNK RElV. RoDNEY W. RoUNDY REV. PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, D.D. REV. WM. P. SCHELL, D.D. REV. W. E. DOUGHTY MRS. JOHN FERGUSON REV. F. C. STEPIIENSON, M.D. REV. S. G. INMAN .JAMES R. .JOY REV. JAY S. STOWELL MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD REV. MILLS J. TAYLOR, D.D. REV. SAMUEL L. Loo]'[Js, D.D. FENNELL P. TURNER REV. JOHN BAILEY KELLEY REV. C. E. VE&MILYA, D.D. Rl'lV. JOHN MCDOWELL" D.D. MRS. F. W. WILCOX ROBERT P. WILDER OOPYRIGHTED, 1924-PUBLISHED BY THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC.

THIRD AND REILY STREETS, HARRISBURG, PA., AND 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK BOARD OF DIRI!lCTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President MRs. E. C. CRoNK WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President HARLAN P. BEAOH WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer ERIC M. NORTH DELAVAN L. PIERSON, &cretary FLEMING H. REVELL ORARLES L. WHITE FREDERICK L. COLVER 1023 MAPS, CHAR TS AND POSTERS Page P;~6 Afghanistan ……………………………… 704 – War Area ……………. Africa Inland Misl'Ilon Territory ………… 977 China's Smokestacks, The Cross and ……… 730 China., Growth of Christian Church in …… 783 Chinese Melting Pot, Protestant Denomina- – in 1900 Protestant Missionary Occupation of …….•.•………•…••….•…•…..•…. 798 tions in ………………………………. 813 – in 19-00, Protestant Missionary Occupation Congregational Convention Poster ………… 29R of .•.•…•.•………………………….•.• 7n99l Map, New Kind of Electric .•……………. 986 Poster …………………………………. – Medical Mission Poster …………………… 381 – Posters for Study of ………………….. 823 Missionary Fields of the World ." 4 – The Church in …. ,. (Insert) 0 ••••••••••••••• 791'1 Play Time in Various Lands ……………… 205 – Unoocupied Cities in . _.'" … " … (Insert) 796 Student COJ;1vention Poster … . …….•…. 381 – Walled Cities of ……………………….. 791 – Volunteer Poster ………………………• 84 PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRA TIONS Page Page Abyssinia, First Am.erican Mission School in 970 Cloud. Henry Roe ………………………… 529 – Hospital in Addis Abeba. American Mission 969 Confucian, Buddhist and Taoist Shrines …. 989 – Market Day in Addis Abeba ………….. 965 Cosmopolitan Quintet, A …………………. 533 – Minister of War, Fitarari Hapta Gorgis 9£1 Crown Point Missionary Home …………… 603 – Prince Regent of …………………….. 964. Cuba, American Baptist College ………….. 1&'~ – Slaves in …………………………….. 966 – Candler College, Havana ….. .. .. 164 Afghan Border, Moslem Guards of ……….. 705 – Presbyterian Workers, RegIa ……. . … 164 Afghanistan, Amir of …………………….. 707 – Ca.pital of ……………………………… 7{)9 Ecuador, Cross in Street of Qu[to ………. 887 – Looking into •.•.•………………………. 703 – Headquarters ot Christian and Missionary Alliance ….•………………………….. 891 Afric&, Hospital Patients at Shillem ……… 627 – Street in Guayaquil ……………………. 800 – Inland MisSion, Seal of ……….•…•…• 976 Eggan, John J ……………. , …………….. W5 – Kanakul"u Carriers …••………………•. 625 Electric Map, Seeing the World by Means of 987 – King of ShUlem and Some of His Wives . 626 Feng, General and His Soldiers Holding Up – Market Place at Shillem ………………. 624 – Witch Doctor's Office •…………………• 421 Their Chinese Testaments …….. Frontispiece African Bride …………………………….. 423 Feng's Army, a Glimpse 01 ……………… 955 – Outstation School ……………………… 425 Gambling Joint, Old ………………………. 6118 Albanian Boys and Girls …………………• 611 Gameweil, Mary Ninde …………………… 814 American University. Cairo .•…………….. 269 Haiti, Pastor and Wife, Jacmel …………… 185 – – ~ Students of …………………… 27Z, 273 Hebrew Christians, Group of …………….. 517 Arizona Border Town …………………….. 265 Hindu Student Volunteers ………………… 52.3 Baptist Church and Sunday School ……….. 59!} Indian in Ecuador, Half Civilized ………… 889 Bibles, One of Mary Slessor's …………….. 885 – Woman of Ecuador …. , ……………….. 889 Brazil, Former CathDlio Priests in ……….. 893 Indians in QUito. Ecuador ………………… 860 Buddhist Monks, Mendicant ………………. 679 – of Peru ………………………………… !Wi International Missionary Union ………….. 712 – Taoist and Confuoian Shrines ………… 989 Italy, Chorus of Waldensians …………….. 350 Burma, Council Chamber ………………… lil1 Japan,Aoyama Gakuin Academy ………….. 124. – Members of Legislative Council ……….. 99 – Methodist Seminary after Earthquake …. 12-3 Business :Men's Club, Shop Meeting ………. 21 – Ruins of Shiloh Church ……………….. 122 – – Evangelistic Club …………………… 19 – Ruins of Trinity Episcopal Church …….. 125 Chapel Auto Car …………………………. 268 Japanese Christian EdUcators ….. 369 – Car ……………………………………. 262 – Fashion Fete, Bride at ….. 134 – – Interior …………………………….. 263 – – Work, Monument to ………………… 267 – F'ete-Nippon Club ……… .. … 13B – – Workers ………………………•…… 268 – Girl Students ………….. . …… 692 – Itinerant Priests ….. . … 681 =China, Buddhist Priest and Helper ……….. 779 ~~a::g~lis:~~:~io:r[nd1~a~ag~!e~ee~'pi~':: i~ – Union Church, Children in … . ….. 525 ~:;~ii~' ~~hi':::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: iii – Famine Camp …………………………. 900 Korea, Vacation Bible Scbool …………….. 40 – Feng and His Soldiers Holding Up Their Korean Christlan, Ye Lang Chai …………. 693 Chinese Testaments ….•.•…… Frontisp,lece – Presbyterian Elder ………………….695, 697 – Gospel Boat in …………………………. fi88 Ladles' Aid Society •……………………… 700 – Iron Works at Hanyang ……… , ………. 775 Leper Colony in Sumatra …………………. 119 – Log Sawing In …………•…………….. 774 Lepers, Chapel Built by ………………….. l?O – Men Nurses, Judson Smith Hospital …… 778 Lepers' Houses in Sumatra ………………. 121 – Nan-Yoh Bihle SchOOl Buildings ………. 594 Logging Camp on Sunday ………………… 264 – Class for Married Women …………..780, 781 Los Angeles Bible Institute ………………. 5,94 – New Type of Road in ………………….. 774 Mansur, MiChael …………………………. 492 – Putting Up Gospel Posters …………….. 595 Mexican Pastor and Family ………………. 111 – Students in Training School …………… 278 Mexicans, Protestant Church for …………. 113 – Using Stewart Money in ……………….. 688 Mexico. Playground in Chihuahua ……….. 175 Chinese Bible Students …………………… 281 – Produce Going to Market ……………… 113 – Christian Church. Traveling Preachers of 895 Missionaries, Home for Children of Baptist 457 – Interpretation of the "Broad and Narrow – Home for Lutheran ………………….• 463 – Winona Lake, Home for ……………….. 460 Way" …………………………………. 8-03 – Poster Fighting Use of Cigar~ttes ……… 805 Missionary' Children, Baptist …………….. 458 – Schools in Confucian Temple ………….. 78').: – Home, Ventnor, N. J. .. . …… 462 – 'Scriptures, Ship'ping …………………… 588 – Students' Christian Association …….. 547, 821 Mohammedan Student ….. 275 – Students Preparing tor Evangelistic M6'€t- Moslem Sheikhs …. … . ….. 270 Moton, Robert R. ..' ……… 49-2' lngs …•………. ,. …………………….. 283 Muskrat. Ruth …… . ….. 49Z – Vacation Bible School …………………. 37 Navajo Girls ……… .. … 00fi – Waiting to Hear ot Jesus Christ ………. 764 – Young Men …………………………….. 604 – Wom~n Preacher •. , .•………•………..•. 279 Near East Conference in Jerusalem …… 412, 414 1024

1924J INDEX FOR 1924

Page Page Negro Baptist Church, Chicago ……. " …… 511 – High School, Atlanta, Ga………………. 500 Sumatra, Church and Hospital …………… 343 – Training Shops at Hampton …………..• 507 – Home Scene in ………………………. ,. 33a Negroes' Need of Better Houses ………….. 506 – Malay Home in ………………………… 341 Nias, Christian Leaders of ……………….. 445 – School for Moslems …… ,.,.,., ………•.. 3413 – Heathen ot …………………………….. 439 – Theological Seminary ………………….. 347 Niasan Ancestral Idol …………..•…•….. ~ 438 Summer School Invitation ……………….. 6.32 – Students ……………………………….. 441 Taoist, Buddhist and Confucian Shrines …. 1189 Niasans, ArIll€d …… " … ' ……………….. 437 Thompson, Charles L ………….. 0 ……….. 445J – Going to Church ………………………. 442 Peeke, H. V. S……………………………. 668 Vacation Bible SChool-Bible Hour ….. :13 RailrQad Men and Chapel Car ….. , ….. , …. 266' Saito, Solehl ……………………………… 37~ – – – HHabit Talk" …………….. …… 36' Sims at Work, Earle D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701 Singh, Sundar … " …. ' … " …….. ", ….. ". 492 Colorado …….. ~ – – In 0' 0 •• 00. • • • • • • • • • • • • 35 Stewart, Lyman ."" …… " ………. , …. ,," 597 Stewart, Milton .""."." ………………… 596 – – – Model of Nazareth made in … ….. 38 Stewart's Bome, Milton …….. ,….. ,…….. 602 Stone, Dr. Mary ………………………….. 493 Wa1densian Ga.-pital, T'orre Pellice ……….. 352. Students, Philadelphia Dining li'oreign …… 55Q – Church, Rome …•…………………… 0 •• 353 – Youth in Germanasca Valley .. 0.0 •••••••••• 351 Watson, Charles R . . . . . • . 271 0 ••• 0 ••••••••••••••••• rrWorld Service" Vblumes ……………….. 454 Y. W. C. A., Racial Equality in ………….. 537 Student Missionary Union, Los Angeles .. 0" 001 AUTHORS Page Page .. …. ~5 Alexander, W. W. …………. Gwinn, Maude ………………… 378 Hall, Ernest F. … .. ………………. 999 Allan, A. M. ……………. .. …. 5-15 Allen, Ernest Bourner ….. 994 Hamilton. Clarence H …………………….. 104 Allan, George . . . .. … 0 … • Harris, Erdman … . ………. 174 629 . . . . .

Allen, Edlth H ……………………………. 551 Hatanaka, H. ……… .. ……… 25& Hayne, Coe …… . ………;>21, 698 Anderson, Frank L ……………………….. 533 Anthony, Alfred Williams Haynes, George E. …. . …. 499 ………….. 916 Archer, John Clark …………………….. 988 ~~:sot~k~ia~tt~i:rtD?o.r.~~~~.:::::::::::::::::::: ~~ Heath, Frances J. ….. . ….. 556- Herndon. Mrs. F. S.. " …… 883 Hil1, William Eancroft …… 2fl9 Bailey, Ruth D …………………………… 174 Howe, Sonia E …………………………… 811 Banninga, John J …………………………. 434 Hurlburt, Charles E. ……………………. 97ff Bartholomew, Allen R. . ………………….. 289 Hut.chison, R. A………………………….. 367 Beach, Harlan P •…………. , •………..•… 374 r;~~;"Ai/G··::::::::::.·:·::: .. ·.:::.:.i70,867·, ~ Beitzel, C. F …………………………….. 974 Geddoe, B. E. .. …………………………… 355 Jansen, Peter C. J ……………………….. 624 Beede, B. Willis .,., ……………… 0 ••••••••• 357 Jenness, Mary ……………………..•…..•. 203 Beets, Henry ………………………….. 357. 6013 Johnston, Julia H. .. ……………………. 996 Jowett, J. H. …………………………….. 97 Blair, William N …………………………. 693 ft~~~e:y~rt£~i~'a~ 'S: .::::::::: :::::::::: ::::::: ~tg Boynton, Frances C . . . . . . . . 0 ••••••••• 0 ••••••••• 74(1 Brock, Mrs. Collins J …………………….. 634 Brown, Arthur J. .. ……………………… 9'51 Kerschner, Carrie M … ,., ….. , …………… ~W4 Browning, Webster E …………………. 2.87,886 Kerschner. Mabel G………………………. 130 Brownlee, Fred L . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552 0 •••••••••••••••• Korns, John H. . ……. ,……………… 0 •••• 901 Burgess, Thomas ………………… 0 ••••••••• 541 Kyle, Alice M………….. 54, 214, 382, 554, 64{), ~14 Burk. Eleanor D. . …•…………….. 0 •••••••• 634 Landes, W. G…………………………….. 44fi Campbell, Ruth M………………………… 635 Laubacb, Frank C. ………………………. 14 Chamberlain, Wm. I ……………………. 45, 364 Lee, Cbarles O. .. …………………………. 546 Cheng, Andrew C. Y……………………… 82'4 C h e s t e r . S . H . . 3'63 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 Lerrlgo. P. H. J ………………………… 42, 355 Lima, Ollveira ………….. : ………………. 513 ChGI, YI Sang ……………………………. 276 Lockwood, Edward H ………………….. 545, 008 Chung, K. T, …………………………….. 799 Longfellow, H. W ………………………… 911 Cleland, C. S. .. …………………………. 965 Love, J. F …………………………….. 42', 357 Cloud, Henry RGe ………………………… 529 Cobb, Eliza P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739 Lowell, James R'lssell ……… . ….. 995 Conning, John stuart …………………….. 830 Lyman, Mrs. Albert .r. …. 740 McCollough, Esther Mary …… 522 McDe:rmott. WilHam F. Cook. Mrs, Frank Gaylord ……………….. 915 . .. 45~ Corey, StePhen J. . ……………………….. 366 McVeigh, Mabelle R. . … 64{) Craig, Laura. Gerould …………………… 99'6 Ma.cGillivray, Ja.net T. ., …… 139 Crawford, Dan …………. . … 29, 425 Mackay, R. P. .. … .. …. 364 Cronk, Mrs. E. C. …….. . …….. 46, MacMillan. Fred G. …..•. 25 128, 200, ll!I3, 374, 455, 541, 631, 726, 819, 900, 987 Magnus, Helaine ………………………… 132 Crutchfield, Margaret …. . ….. 379 Currier, Raymond P. …… Markham, R. H. . ………………………… 607 ………. ….. 98 Masih, Yohan …………………………….. 2!'i~ Davie, George T. B. … .. ….. " …… 955 ~:~~~~~ le~~i! d~"::~::::::: ~.:::::: ::::::::::::: ~r.: Demarest, Wm. T. . ……………………….. 365 Meng, Paul C. ···· ………………………. 0. 820 Detweiler, Charles S……………………… 183 Dickinson, Mary Lowe ………………….. 998 Menzel, Paul A ……… , ….. , …………….. 437 Donaldson, Dwight M …………………….. 7QS Miller, Anna L. .,………………………… 45- Drach, George ……………………………. 366 Mills. Julia Lincoln ………………………. 47 Dushaw, Am.os to ….•…………………….• 517 Minnich, H. Spencer .. ~ …………………… 358 Dysart. MathHde T …………. , …………… 491 Miyazaki, K. ……………………………… 19& Ellis, William T ………………………….. 433 Moffett, Thomas C. .. ……………………… 190 Felton, Ralph A. • ………………………. 971 Moore, John M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538 0 •••••••••••• 0 ••••• Fisher, Galen M……………. , …………… 368 Morgan, Angela ………………………….. 831 Flagg, Alice Amelia ………………………. 3{)1 Morris, S. L. . ……………………………. 383 Flint, Annie Johnson ………………….. 57, 912 Morse, H. N. . …………………………….. 362 FGrsyth, R. C. . …………………………. 959 Galt, Russell …………………………….. 678 Morse, MinnIe E ………………………….. 207 Nell, Samuel G. ……………. . 262 Gates, Herbert W ………………………… 123 Gilbert, Janet ……………………………. £36 Nichols, Florence L. ……….. .. ….. 55-1 Norton, John E. ………….. . ……. 702 Goforth, Mrs. Jonathan ………………….. 1m NortGn, Mrs. Ralph C. … , ….. 628 Goodman, Frederic S……………………… 350 Osborn, Lois C. ……….. .. … 554 Gordon, S. D. …………………………….. 15 Ogawa, K. ……………. .. ……… 524 Goreh, Ellen L. .. ………………………. 388 Guenther, Adeline ………………………… 33 Oxenham. John ……… .. ……….. 993, 995 Parker, L~ura H. …… .. ………….. 13$

Page Page Parmenter, Mary F. . .. , … , … , …………… 278 Staley, Sue R …………………………….. 175 ~:f:g~: ~ii~'b~tb"::::::::::: ::::::::: ::: ::: :::: ~~ Stauffer, Milton ………………………….. 783 Stock, Eugene ……………………………. 709 Peabody. Mrs. H. W. ……………………… 54 Stowell. Jay S. .. …………………………. 110 Peacock, Mary . _, ……………………… 384, 819 Strachan, H. and S. B ……………………. 291 Peeke. H. V. S……………………………. 122 Strong, W. E …………………………….. 360 Phelps. J. W ……………………………..• 358 Swan, Jessie E. . …………..•………….••• 634 Pinson. W. W ………………….•……… 45. 360 SWinehart, M. L ……………… 0 ••••••••••••• 126 Polhemus. Sarah H. . ………………… 214, 30a T a j i m a , Kengo . . . . 691 0 •••••••••••••••••• 0 •••••••••• Pope, Howard W …………………………. 980 T'ao, E. L ………………………………… 005 Powers, Horatio Nelson ………………….. 5~ Tappan, David S ………………………….. 815 Purves, Elinor K . . . . . . . . , …………………. 386 Taylor, J. Hudson ………………………… 711 Quinlan, F10rence E ….. ,………………… . Taylor. Mills J ……………………………. 367 ………… 57. 136. 211, 299, 386, 464, 551, 637. 734 Thomas. W. G. M. ……………………….. 19 RaIl, Harris F ……. , ……. , ….. , ……… , .. 532 'l'hurston, Matilda C……………………… 555 To-wer. Wm. B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 ••• 0 ••••••• 0. 44 Rawlinson, Frank G…….. , …………. , .8104, 80-5 Richards, Elisabeth E. . ………………….. 461 Tsu, Y. Y …………………………………. 258 Trotter, 1. Lilias …………………………. 42& Rindge, Fred H …………………………… 613 Rinman, J. _. _…………………………….. 619 Van Hoesen, Persis C. ……………… .. .. 713 Root, Edward TaI1madge ………… 995 Vaughan, Harriet …… ….. ……. .. .. 376 Roys, Mrs. Charles K. … . …..• 382 Velte, H. C. …… .. … 114 Rygh, Mrs. George T. . ………. 463 Vagt, Paul L. …. .. ….. 637 Wachob, Blanche ….. 205 Sangster, Margaret E. …… .912, 996 Sohultz, Gertrude …. [4, 214, 382, 554, -64Q Warnshuis, A. L. . . …. 198 Schweinitz, Paul de … 361 Whlffen, Nellie Mo . 189 .0 •••• Scott, Charles E. … ~7hite, Bess Robbins …… 739 . …• 894 Scott, George T. '" …. 41 "White, Charles L. ……….. .. …… 0 356 Seibert. John F. …….. .. …… 366 Wlhittier, John Greenleaf… . ………. 916 Silverthorn, Mrs. E. Ho ………. 0 •• "16, 382 Wilder, Robert P ………….. 0" 003 …………

Singh, Sundar ………………………. 178. 953 Williams, Mornay . . . 876- 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Skerrett, Mrs. Harry H …………………… 741 tM.r0s…O..l.i.v.e.r. Smith, Arthur H ………………………….. 775 Will iam son, .R…. .0 ……………….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 Wils on, Ber 43 Smith, J. T. Brabner ……………………. 0 47 Winsborough, Mrs. W. C …………………. 543 Snead, A. C………………………………. 359 Wyshan, Wm. N ………………………… 9®1. Speer, Robert E …………………… 178, 362, 623 Zaugg, E. H. .. …………………………… 685 Spencer, Mrs. Truman J . . . . . . . . . . 0 •••• 0 ••••••• 738 Zwemer, S. M. . …………………… 118, 341, 877 SUBJECTS, ARTICLES AND NEWS Page Page Abyssinian Moslems Won ………………… 922 – Uganda, Twenty Years ………………… 748 – Prince and the Bible …………………… 846 – – Advance in .. ·., …………………. 0 ••• 150 – Princes in Arne-rica , …………….. ,,, …. 470 – – News from . . ………… ,…….. . …. 568 – WomHn's Guilds ……….. . .. 4-71 – Seen jn, C. S. Cleland ….. , ………….. 965 Afghan Border, Trouble on ………………. 147 – Y. M. C. A. In South ….. .. .. 749 – Frontier, A VISit to the. Eugene Stock …. 709 – War Fugitive's Work …….. "……. .. 397 Afghanistan at Last. Into Dwight M. Donald- – What $1.500 Accomplished …… 471 son … . ………………………,……………..' …..,………..,…,…….. – Why Advance is Essential 646 .00 _70.3 – Work Among Jarawas … ,… -m~~ – Zululand …………… ……… . ….. 0. 224 .. … 924 – Entering ……………………………. 399, 649 Africa, Algiers Mission Band …………….. 646 African Christians, Gifts of ….. . ….• 567 – Belgian Congo Idols ……….. .. … 567 – Clergy. The ………………. .. …. 0 472 Af~~~~~~' Ec~~~~~~nt':::~ ~: ~ ~ ~:: ~:::::: ~~ – British Conference on .. . 748 – Cameroun, New Station in .. _.. 74 o' •••••• – Cannibals Stin in …. .. 92.~ Africans, The Bible Among, Dan Crawford .. ?9 – Christian Headman … …… ….. 73 Alaska, Point Barrow Cut Off … 1001 0 • 0 •••••••• – Church Union in East …. . .. 150 Alba.nia, A Neglected Field, P. B. Kennedy .. 610 – Commission Goes to East . . .. 0 223 – Congo Land Eaptisms ….. " ….. 846 Algerian Mission Band …………………… 150 America from Ruin, Save ………………… 10 – – Hospital Boat , …… 749 Arabia, Fanatical Moslem.s in .. , …………• 009 – Into the Heart of ……………………… 747 – – Medical Steamer ……………………. 397 – – Women, Winning …………………..1OO€.1 – Dan Crawford's Message ., … , …………. 495 – King FeisaI's Bible ……………………. 99"5- Argentina, Church and State in , ………..1003 — Duruma Country, Growth in ……. ' ……100'7 – Fighting Superstition in, Matbnde T. Armenians in California …………… , ……. 558 , Dysart …………….. , ….. , …………… 42:1 ~~~; J~~~I~hnr~~tOi~r th~ 'Tbi~ki~g '~f: 'Y~h;;~ 315 ASi:ft:i~r~bi~~' 'i'~' A~~~i~,' Ch'~i~t:j~~ 0 SO~I'~: 252 — Fiji and Australia ……………………1013 – Gospel by Radio in ……………………. 647 – Halsey Prlntin~ Press …………………. 4:71 Athi!~~, °ln~~:e~a~~:s£~~~';y"::::::::::::::: :l~l – How Christianity Spreads ……………… 92:J ~u~t:I~~i~u~~U;;git~~i~~ni~.:::::::::::: .. ,:::: ~~ Africa Inland MiSSion, Work of ………… 9761 – Johannesbur~ Secret Society, ……… ,., .. 224 – Kanakuru People of West, Peter C. J. Austranan Church Growth………… .. 155 Jansen … ,…………….. . ………… 694 Baptist Investigation, Northern ………….. 656 – Kenya Colony, Education . . …. 647 – Missions, Southern …………………….. 39t – Liberia .. ……… …. … .0…. . . … .o..t1o0O0t0J – LiOns and Letters .·· … – Problems in Burma ….. . … 307 – Women's Jubilee . …. . …. 999 . .. -66, 9~ – Lovedalo Press …………. . ….. 568 Belg-ian, Gospel Mission .. . 318 – Homes, Gospels for .. _ – Medical Education for ……. . 47?j ie~1~~~aJo~phe1r~~~k· i~· …….. 0: ~:::::::::: ~ – Moorish Tangier ……….. .. … 846 – Nigeria …. ,…………. . … 647 – Paganism Doomed ….. . .. 567 – Missionary Agent in Brussels 644 00 ••••••••••• – Races in South ……. . …………. 567 Bennett, Story of Allen, Mrs. Ralph C. Nor- – Revival at Lusambo . . ……. 0 •• 00. 471 – Rlavery ……………………………….. 0 74~ ton ……………………………………. 628 – Soiyawa Tribe of Western Nigeria, C. F. BEST METHODS, Mrs. E. C. Cronk …….. .46, 128, 203, 293, 3'14, 455, 541. ~'l. 72&, 81~. 903, 987 Eeitzel . . . . . 974 0 •••••••• _… • ••••••••••••••••• =Bible Among Africans, The, Dan Crawford . 0 29 ~~:y~~~, C~~~Ch·.· oX .::::::: :: ::::::::::::::: ~~ – S/)uth, and Missions …………………… 92~3 – Sudan ……. …………….. .. … 846 – Today. Impressions of … . ………….. 922 – Churchmen's Missionary SOCiety ……… 66

INDEX FOR 1924

Page Page – Class, Police …………………………… 144 – Gilts from Missionaries ……………….. 7) – in School Libraries ……………………. 481 – – – Prisoners ………….. , .•…………. 745 – in South Seas …………… ' ……..•.•…1013 – Gospel In the Wilds …………. , ……..lO10 – Morrison Centennial and the ………….. 218 — Growth in Forty Years •……………….. 833 -. Reading-Effective Plan ……………….. 153 — Half a Century of Changes in. Arthur H. — SchoolS in China and Korea. Daily Vaca- Smith …………………………………. 775 tion ………………………………….. 929 – Hindrances and Helps to Christianity in. – – Vacation ……………………………. 477 Frank G. Rawlinson ………………….. &04 — Translations, New ..•………………….. 660 — How One Missionary Works in, Charles E. Bibles, Homes Without …………………… %5 Scott " ………………………………… 894 Bolivia and Peru, Neglected Indians in, W. — How to Know and Help ……………….. 819 E. Browning ………………………….. 287 — Important Facts About ………………… 770 – Ba]}tists in …………………………….. 663 — Institute of Self-Government ………….. 832 Bolivian Indian Mission, The. George Allan 629 — Interoreting Christianity to, Edward H. Lockwood …………………………….. 008 Bolshevism and Religion …….. , … , ….. , … 566 Bolshevists, In the Hands of ………… ,., … 817 ~ Last Report from Mr. Byers ………… . 836 Bombay Vigilance Association ……………. 146 — Letter from General Feng ……..•…. .. 227 Boys and Girls, Winning Unchurched, Adeline — Liebenzell Mission ………… . 141 Guenther ……………… , … ,…………. 33 — Light and Shade in ……… .. 571 Brazi1, Christian Progress in …………….. 337 – Literacy Campaign in …………. " …… 3()8 -:- Converted Priests in …………………… 892 – Mah-Jong and Missions ………………… 228 ~ Gospel in Newspapers ………………….. 843 – Mary Ninde Gamewell …………………. 814 – Intolerance in ……………………..394, 100g – Medical Evangelism …….. _……………. 744 ~ New Church Members in ……… . .. 155 – Memorial Fund at Paotingfu ….. _…….. 142 ~ Revivals in …………………… . … 753 – Missio:qaries and Civil War ……………. 47G – Sao Paulo and the Revolution . .. 843 – – Wounded ……………………………. 838 British Exhibition, Missions at ….. . …. 564 – Missionary Byers KHled in Hainan ……. 651 – Missionary Conference ………… . …. 750 – – Hero of Hainan, David S. Tappan …… 815 – Student Movement ………………. , …… 221 ~ Modern Girl in ………………… , …….. 834 Broad Hints from a Wide Trayeler, WilHam – Modernizing Nanking ………………….. 929 T. Ellis ………………………………. 433 – Nat.ional Christian Council ……. , …….. 832 Broadcasting World News ………………… 931 – New Christian Struggle in, Frank Rawlin~ Brotherhood, Adventures in, Mrs. E, C. son ……………………………………. 805 Cronk ….•…………………………….. 726- – New Interest in ……………•…………. 765 – P'oem •…….•……..•…….•…………… 552 – — Prayer Meeting Methods ..•…………. 228 Buddhism, Christianity and ………………. 141 – "No Room fDr Gods" …………………… 5n Buddhist on the' Bible, A …………………. 310 – Pekjng, New and Old …………………. , 833 – Priest Finds Peace …………………….. 928 – – Old Ladies Home ……………………. 309 Bulgaria. Good Books Needed in …………. 151 -' – Union Medical College, John H. Korns 901 – Rellglous Situation In. R. H. Markham … 607 -' Promising Signs in …………………….. 832- Bulletins, Woman's Home ftnd Foreign -' Protestant MissionarY StatisticS for …… 771 (Monthly) ………………….. , ……… ~93 – Shanghai Community Church ………….. 143 Burma, Baptist Problems in …… : ……….. 3()7 – – for Christ …………… , …………….. 401 ~ Chinese Christians in ………….. ,., ….. 927 -' Some Causes of Unrest in ……………… 334 – Free Women of…………………………. 927 – – Religious Ideals of ..•…..•…….. ,., … 769 – Nationalism in, Raymond P. Currjer ….. 98 -' Suffering for Chr1st's Sake …………….. 74-4 – Two Kinds of Religion in ……………… 571 -' Surplus Famine Fund …………………. 143 -' Testimony from Y. Y. Tsu …………….. 258 Business Men's Evangelistic Club-. W. G. M. Thomas ………………. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 – Then and Now, Mary C. Peacock ., …….. 819 Byers, Murder of Rev. George, David S. Tap- – Thousands of Testaments ……………… 928 pan …………………………………… 815 -' Union MiSSions Building ……………….. 744 -' Unrest and Propaganda in …………….. 67() Cairo. American University at, W. Bancroft Hill …………………………………… 269 – Vacation Bible Schools ………………… 477 Cana.da, United ChUrch of ……. .,.~.,., …… 755 – Work of College GradUates …….. ___ ….. 834 Canadian Baptist Jubilee …………………. 392- China's Leadership, Rocking! the Cradle of, Catholics, English-Speaking .. . …… 757 Paul C. Meng …………………………. 820 Centenary Movement, William F. McDermott 45-2 -Northwest … , ………………………….. 573 Chapel Cars, On the Rails with, Samu·el G. Chinese Banditry Continues …….. _………. 141 .. ……………… 262 – Bandits, Methods of ~ ….. _……. , …….. I00!f Neil .

Charity in New York,. Organized ……. .. 220 – Bible Student ………….. .. .. 229 Children. Work for Lost Japanese ……….. 144 ~ Boys, Home for ……. . ………. , … ,., .. 221 Chile, Bible Students in ………………….. 482. – Children Rescued ……………… , …….. 317 – Reform and Reaction in ……………….. 865 – Christians in Burma …………………… 9'27 – Religion in ……………………………. 419 – Church, Progress in …………………… 572 – Selling BibJ~s in ……………………..1003 – Colony in MeXiCO, Jay S. Stowell ……… 110 China, Against Future Faro,ines ………….. 477 – Confession of Faith ……………. , …….. 773 – Agreement on We1-hai-wei …………….. 69 :…..- Cult, New ……………………………… 6-52- – Annamese Bible Conference ……………. 836 – Dictionary-World's Largest Book …….. 2:?il – Anti-Cigarette Campaign ………………. S.~5 – Girls' Idea of God ……………………… 9'29 – Bandits in Batang …………………….. 229 – Home Missions ………….•………… , … 572 – Baptisms AmonR Soldiers …….. , ……… 401 – Illiteracy, Attacking …………………… 929 — Books for Bandits …………………….. 401 – Illiteracy, Overcoming …………………. &.1.3 – Books for the Blind in ………………… 834 – Ku Klux Klan …………………………. 928 – Borden Memorial Hospital ….. ,., ….. , … 309 – Marriage. Problems ot ……………….. 1fJl10 – Canton CQUege Offl.cers ………….. , … 1010 – Nathaniel, A, Mrs. Jonathan Goforth ….. 107 – Chinese Church and, Milton Stauffer., … 783 — Neighbors, Making Friends with, Andrew – Changes in Western …………………… 71 C. Y. Cheng …………………. ""'"'''' 824 – R~~i~::~s . ~~..~~~?~~:. ~~~~~~~.~~ ~~~: ~: 905.- .. .. – Christian Contribution to, Clarence H. Hamilton ……………………………… lQ{ — Christian Educators UnHe …………… ,. 47fl – Schools, Bible in …………….. _………. 4()2 =~~~~~tM~;~ga~ ~ ~ Christian Schools in …………………… 652 – Community House in ………………….. 8.115 – Confucianism in, Results of, R. C. Forsyth 959 – Souls, Awakening of, Mary F. Parmenter 278 .. ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: – Destruction in Kwangtllng ………. 308 – View of the Chinese Church, A, K. T. – Disturbed Conditions in _…………. 308, 10019- – ~~~~~'s' C~~~~~ti~~· :::::::::::::::::: :::::: I~ – Education and Evang-elism in 767 – Every Graduate a Christj~n ……….. 228 Chosen, Pioneerjng in . ~' …….. , ………… , 74l:t – Feng and His Christian Army, George T. Christ-Child (Poem) ……………………. 996 B. Davis …………. ' ……………….. 955 chr~sqan Endeavor in Germany ………..•. 10041 – Genera] Feng Remains True ………….. 14~ Chrlstlan Laymen's League …………… '" 949 – General Feng's Interests ………………. 652 Christianity, World's Debt to …………… 11l1~

Page Page Church and War, The ." ……… ., …… " … 932 Finance, America's Resources ……………. 65i – Presbyterian Foreign Missions ………… 560 – in the Mission FieId, The Ideal, R. E. Speer …………… . . . … _……… 179 – Wealth of Nations …………………….. 576 _ Invigorator, A, Coe Hayne . _….. 698 Financial Creed, A Christian's, Harris F. Rail ………………………………….. 5.3~ – Membership in U. S. A. . ….. . …….. 391 Fitchburg Student Mission ………………. 9f19 Church of Christ Advance'? Shall the, Arthur J. Brown …………………………….. 951 Foreign Missions Conference ……. ,………. 88 Fo~~~~v~~~~~~sTi~e .~.O.~.i.~~.::::::::::::~~~: ~:~ – Retreat? Shall the Christian . _. . .. _ 16,6 Churches, Congress and the …… . 312 College Students and Missions ….. . 374 France, Church at Chateau Thierry ………. 395 Colombia, Civil L,aws in ……….. . 563 – Peace Convention in …………………… 564 . . – .. 2'1'7 – Protestantism in ………………………. 221 – College Students in …………. . 394 – Protestants in Need …………………… 222 – New Methods in ……………… Colored Women's Conferences ……………. 137 Gamewell. Mary Ninde ……………… 0 ••••• 814 German Children, Plight of ……….. , ……. 172 Co.ufue.iallism in China, Results of, R. C. Forsyth …………………… .. .. 959 – Missionaries Return …….. ,., ….. , … ,474. 751 Congo, Mission Fleet for .•.. ,…………. . . 74 ……. Missionary Magazine ………………….. 565 – New Mission in the …………………… 223 …- Missions, Critical S1tuation ln, A. L. Congregational Progress … 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , … 63 Warnshuis ……………………….. 0 •••• 198 Cooperation, Denominational Rivalry Vs. " 941 Germany, Buddhism in …. , ……………. 0 •• 39;) Cooperation in Publication ……………….. 841) Germany, Christian Endeavor in …………1004 – in States and Other Areas …………….. ~99 – Religious Conditions in ………………… 498 – Undenominational conference ………….. 931 – Turning to God? Is ……… "…….. … 990 Copec and Foreign Missions, John M. Moore 538 Gifts) Increase in Lutheran ……………… 999 Costa Rica, Bible Institute in …………….1002- Giye, How Native Christians ……………. S89 Country Churches, Missions in the- .0 ••••••••• 29:~ Giver'S Surprises, A Systematic ….. 197 Cuba, New Chapel in Havana ……………. 217 Giving, Fund Began in Workhouse ….. 642 Czecbo·Slova.khif Prague, a Student Center .. 751 ~ Great Presbyterian Achievement ……… 415 – – Revival in ……………………. 0 ••••• 921 — How the Churches Give 0………. ……. 480 Czecho-Slovakian Congress ……………….. 151 – How We Can Sa.ve Money …. " , …. 416 Danish Missions ……………………. ,.'., .. 644 – Metbodist Benevolences ………… _……. 655 DEATH-Conwell, Dr. Charles E., 0:1': Mexico 331 – Methodist Watches and Missionary Deficits '5.9j – Cowman, C. Eo, of Japan ………. 0 1()22 ••••• – Shall the Church Retreat? …………….. 166 – Good, James I., of Dayton. Ohio ………. 16-3 ~ Southern Presbyterian Gifts …………… 840 – Gunning,.T. W.o of Holland …. ' ……… June – Task of Southern Baptists ·· ……… 0 ••••• 657 – Guernsey, Alice M., of New York ……• .1022 God is Sending Them-Poem ……………… 466 = ::: :',::: – Jowett, John 'Henry, of London ……….. 83 Good, James I,.~ Allen R. Bartholomew …… 289 ~~:1~~' :i~~rick' H~:'~f'Ch'i~'a:'::::: ~~~ Gospel Need in Oregon …………………… 931 Government and Missions in Egypt Today .. 945 – Parker, A. P., of China 1022 .0 ……… 0 •••••••• GreeceJ Missionaries in …………………… 645 – Rockey, Noble Lee …………………….. 600 – Refugee Students in., …….•……… 0 •••• 921 – Scott-Moncrieff, Sir G. K. . ……………. 856 – Sunday SchOOls in …………………….. 566 – Stirling, M. W. R., of Falkland Is. ……. 8:3 Grenfell Hospital Destroyed ……… " ….. 393 – Thompson, A. E., of Jerusalem………… 83 Guatemala, Evangelism in ……………….. 5&2 – Thompson, Charles L., of New York …… a31 Haiti, .New Field in …… , ………………… 1159 – Turner, Mrs. JUlia M., of Philadelphia … 856 Hawaii, Pacific Conference in …… ' ……… 575 – Wagnalls, A. W., of Brooklyn …. ' ._ …… 856 He~~!:~,iZcdhri~ti~ . App;~~C'h .'t~ .'th~: .'j ~h'~ 313 Denmark, New CoIJege in . , … ' …….. 295 Denominational Rivalry Vs. Cooperation .. 941 Stuart conning ……………………….. 830 Disciples, Jubilee o-f ••…..•. ' … S40 Hindu View of Jesus Christ. A ……….. > … 277 – Statistics for …………….. ' ….. 63 Holland, Missionary Union in …………….. 643 Doctrines, Debts and the Boards 8 Home Board Reorganized, U. Po …•.. , … , … 315 Ecua.dor, A Missionary Challenge, Webster – M~ss~on Method~, The Church in the Street 633 – Je'a:rH~~i~~ 'i~ .:::::::: :::::: :::::::::: :::: ~~ – JflSSlOllS Council ……….. " ………….. , 167 American Egypt, University at Cairo, W. ~ – In Southern LOUisiana ………….. .. 932 Homes for Missionaries ………………. :,.:: 455 Bancroft Hlll …………………………. 269 Huguenot-Walloon Celebration … ,. . …… 561 – and the Cal1phate …………………….. 566 Iceland,· The Dilemma. in ………… . …… 320 – Backsl1ding …………… , .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 28 Tmmigrant Protestant Church …. . ……… 558 – Fellowship of Unity in ………………… 566 Immigrants, Hungarian Churches, ,. , …….. 840 – Government and Missions in ………….. 945 – New Americans and the Local Church – Layman's Visit to the Mission Fields, Thomas Burgess …………. , ……….. ,.: 541 Fred MacMillan ………………………… 25 Immigration Problems, Reports ………….. 464 – Leader of Modern ……………………… 149 In the Secret of His Presence-Poem. Ellen – Opportunity in Cairo ………………….. 73 Indi~', X°'i:ithfUi"wii~~;;'::::::::::::::: g~~ – Preaching in MUd V1l1age ……………… 223 – Spiritual Growth in ……………………. 32'0 – Caloutta ……………………………….. 306 ~ Stone Throwing in …………………….. 470 – Ch,:nges,in a Generation .. , ……………. 474 – Thirsty Souls In ., …. 922 0 …………………. – – In HaIdarabad …………….. , ………. 848 Egypt's Politics. ISlam in …………….. ' … 396 – Ca~te D~stincticns> Fighting ………….. 1008 Europe, Churcbes of the Continent ………. 64'2 – ChIld WIdows of ………………………. 92.£ – Encouragement in …………………….. 642- – Chri~t in the Thinking of Asia, Yohan ~~~~~~~~~~~ti :i~::::::::::::':::::::::': ~i – Missionary Athlete, Another ………….1004 – Need for the Gospel …………………… 844 == EUropean Churches in Need …………….. 0 750 Evangelism at Exhibition ……………….. 0 318 – Chapel Cars, Samuel G. Neil ………….. 262' – Comtnunal Riot in, B. C. Velte….. , .. 114 – – Conference on . . 754 0 •••••• • •••• •• •••• ••• ••• ••• •• – CDio~neSsCtiaebnlcieshFmuenndt for . 0 4n – in China, Eduoation and ………………. 7f57 – '" • – London~DubJin Campaign ……………… 65 ': … :::::: 297 in ………. : – FaIthful under Persecution 92f) -:- New York City ………………………… 839 – Gandhi and the Government: . . . . . ::: .. :: 84R – Seamen's Christian Associ.ation .. . …. 841 – – Fre~? from Prison ….. ",.. EVangelist, Convict Turns . . . . …. (x)7 – Gandh~ ~ Advice to Ohristians . ….. 306 Evangelistic Club, Eusiness Men's, W. G. M. – –. POSItIon Today …………. …… 39f1 Thomas. .. ' …………………………… 19 – Glfts from Tree Climbers …. '" '" 57D Federal Council Meeting …………… .. …. 219 – Gospel Story Welcome ……. : 297 Federation of Women's Boards, Report ….. 139 :::::: 571 Feng and His Christian Army, General, – Islam in ……………………………….. 745 – Latest Census Figures …………………. 57(} George T. B. Davis ……. ' ………….. 955 FiJI, Australia and Africa ……………….1013 – Layman's Visit to, Fred MacMH1an ……. 2!1 – Church Finances in ………………… .. 1012 ~eper Settl – an Power ement .. …………….. .0………… 300 – Problem ····,· .. · …….. 68

INDEX FOR 1924

Page Page – New Seriousness in … __ ……………. __ .. 742- – Moslem's Memory ……………………… 69 – National Christian Council of, John J. – Newspaper Evangelism in …………… 742 Banninga ……………………. . …. 434 – Once a Drunken Conductor …….. 23(1- – No Nautch Girls for London . . …. 146 – Preserved Lives Dedicated …………….. 72- – Neo-Hindu Movement……… . …. 650 – Rebuilding Progress …………….. .478, 743 – New Col1ege in South …….. …… 69 – Revival of Old Religions, Robert Cornell – Pilgrim Preachers ……… . …. 226 Armstrong ……………………………. 679 – Politics and Religion ……… .. 474 – Social Reform in …………… __ ……….. 478 – Student Volunteers for ………………… 2~9 – :progress Among the Telugus ….. 848 – Prophecy for ….. . .. . . … 248 – Suffering and Relief in ……………. ,…. 12- – Ramabai Memorial …………………….. 927 – Tested by Persecution ………………… , 143 – Recent Changes in …… _………………. 2450 – Testimony from, H. Hatanaka …………. 256'

– Robber Village Transformed …………..1009 – Yokohama Union Church ………………. 402 – Sadhu Mission …………………………. 746 Japanese and Mission Schools 1n Chosen …. 495 – Secret Believers ……………………….. 147 – and the Social Evil, The ………………. 6721 – Social Service for Women ……………… 571 – Appeal for Helpful Reading …………… 55 – Surrounded by PlaguE' …………………. 926 – Christians Pray …•……………………. 743 – T'wenrty Years at Allahabad ….. , … , …… 474: – Church in Formosa ……………………. 654 – Union Church in Patna ……… ,., …….. 22:6- – Consul in Seattle, Memories of a, Esther – United Church in North ……………….. 475 Mary McC()ll()ugh •.•……•……..•……. 522 – Unoccupied Fields in , …………………. 649 – Courtesy ………….•………………….. 930 – Where God's Love is News …… , ……..•. 299 – Diet, Christians in ……….•…………… 230 Indian Centenary, An …………………….. 650 – Exclusion and MiSSions ……………….. 589 – Farmer, Christian …………………….. 653 – Christian Officials ……………………… 9:25 – Evangelists, Earnest …………………… 918 – Fashions and Customs Fete, Helaine – Government and the …………………… 316 Magnus ……….•.•.•.•…•…………….. 132 – Leaders, Training ……………………… 306 – Girl's Heart …………………………… 574 – l£gislation. New …………………..•..•• 755 – in America and the Exclusion Law, Kengo Tajima, ……•…………………………. 6~1 – Mission for Tibet ……………………..• 3(}7 =- South America …………………………• 753 – – – Christian Treatment of, K. Ogawa .. 5:::4 ~u~~erC::~~;~~:~'s :::::: :::::::: ~'. :'.::::: :1~ – – California. For ……………………… 5-38 – Mines, Women in ………………… __ …. 4:78 – Tribes, Unreached …………………….. 660 – Problem and Christian Missions, E. H.

– Welfare, American …………………….. 482 Zaugg ………………………………… 685 – W-omen and Dances ……………. . .. 221 – Red Cross and the Earthquake ………… 418 Indians Condemn Rites …………… 842 – Superstitions ……………………….. __ .1011 – Crown Jewels, Gathered at Crown Point, – "Who Travel …………………… . …….. 31(1- Henry Beets •…………………………. 603 Japan's Christian Council ……… . …… 930 – 1n Bolivia and Peru, Neglected, W. E. – Religious Conference ………………….. 479 – Je~~~~~~g .:::::::::::::::…. …: ~~ Java, Missionary Visit to Sumatra and …… 341 Jerusalem, American Church in ………….. 569 – Oklahoma ……………………………… 755 Jewish Community Center……………….. 64 – Papago, Mrs. F. S. Herndon …………… 883 – South American ……………………….. 483 – Missionaries, T'raining …•… . ….. 841 -~ What God Hath Wrought for the Red – Testimony ……………..•…………….. 390 Man, T. C. Moffett ……………………. 190 India's Ideals, Christ and . __ . __ …………… 146 Jews Leave Palestine, Many ……………… 9Q4 ~t~~!~if~~~l R~~~iO~'~~y" 'U~i'~~:" p~;~i~' ·C·. 746 – Removing the "Wall of Partition," Amos Int;;~~ci~te~ee~l~w·s·hip· .:~:::::::::::~::::::::: :1'M~ I. Dushaw ………………………… , … , 517 – World Facts About ……………………. 300 Jewish Science Movement ………………..1001 Jews of the World ………………………. 1014 i~r~d~n~ ~e: gf{p~~t~·:::::::::::::::::::::: t~ Judaism" Decline of ……………………… 481 Kanakuru People of West Africa, The, Pet~r C. J. Jansen ………………………….. 624 – in Egypt's Politics …………………….. 39'0 Klan, Protestants and the .. , ……….. , …… 154 – in India ……………………………….. 745 Korea, Beggar Boys in SeOUl …………….. 311 – in PerSia, Influence of W'm. N. Wyshan 9S1 ~- "Menace" to …………………………… 146 – Biederwolf Meetings in Cho-sen … , …….. 231 – Wababis and the Fall of Mecca ……….. 867 – Churches Needed in …… , ……………… 837 ~l~~~s;ct i~r~~~ts;[;~:~~~.~ . : :: :: :: :: :: :: :: ~,~~ – Encouragement from Pyeng yang …. , …. 838 – Fight Vice in •…………………………. 4'1'2 – Floods in ………………………………. 144 .. :::::::.. ..:: – Heroic Sisters on Kusaie ., …………….. 756~~ – Friendly Officials in …………………..1013 haTI~: :;~l~nns~ ~~~~~~.l~~~~:· – Growth in a Quarter Century …… , ….. 10U~ – If I Were a Young Missionary in, Yi Sang ChQi …….•…..•……•……………….. 276 Italy and the Old Gospel, F. S. Goodman …. 350 – Evangelical Christianity in . . .. 593 – Non-ChristIan Men in School ………….. 310 ~!~r~i~{~th:~}~;: : .~::::.:':':.:::.: i~ – Power tbat is Changing, M. L. Swinehart 128 – Revival Among School Girls …………… 14-5 – Rules for Mission Schools …………….. 144 – Seventy Students Eap'tized …………….. 479 Japanj A Message from, Mrs. Frank Gaylord – Severance Medical School ……………… 575 – Tithing Time in .. ____ …………………. 101 =Cook ………………………………….. 9t4 ~~~~rt?:iO~i~t~~~·".. : :::::::::::: ::: … : ::::: ~~~ – Training School Recognized ……………. 403 – Christian Teaching in Schools ………… 4()3 – What Laymen Do In, William N. Blair .. 69~ – – Influence in ………………………… 477 Korean Boy Soul Winner…………………. 73 – Earthquake and the Church in, H. V. S. – Missionary Spirit …………………….. 311 Peeke ………………………….•…….. 1.22' – Presbyterian ChUrch …………………… 6E'~ – – wsses …………………… , •……… 71, 72 – – Growth ……………..•……………… 575 – Exolusion and Missions ……………….. 742 – F'rom Sake to Condensed Milk ………… 57t – Sunday Schools ………………………… 479 – "God's Beautiful Vlllage" ……………… 837 – View of America, A ……………………. 528 – Oreat Christian Hospital ………………. &74 Ku Klux Klan, Chinese …………………… 978 – Hindrances to ChristianitY in, K. Miyazaki 193 – Honors for Christians ……………… , … 309 Latin America, A Paraguayan Politician …. 919 – January Earthquakes ………………. , … 229 – – A Torn Testament …………………… 919 – Living Results of Christianity in, Galen – – Conference at Montevideo …………… 4~~ M. Fisher …………………………….. 368 – – Converts Eager to Preach …………… 64 – Love Offering for ……………………… 997 – – Earthquake in Costa Rica …………… 663 – Lutheran School, Funds for …………..1011 – – Gospel for Road Menders ……………. 918 – Madame Yajima ……………………….. 72 – – Haiti's Sky Pilot ……………… , …… 842 – Nation-wide Evangelism in ……………. 837 – – H()w a Bible Built a Chapel ………… 918 – – In Dutch Guiana ……………………. 752 – – MiSSionary Educati on in ……………. 943 .:.- – Montevideo Congress ………………… 562

Page Page _….. _…….. 995 – – Need in San Domingo … . ………… 752 Nation Christlike–Poem – – Open Doors in, H. and S. B. Strachan 291 National Christian Councils in Asia ………. 333 –. — Racial Intermarriage, Oliveira Lima .. 513 NaMonalism in Burma, Raymond P. Currier 98 – — Spiritual Awakenings in …… _……… 170 Near East, Churches of ………………….. 67 – – Un evangelized Regions in ……. __ …… 217 – – Missionary Conferences ….. _……….. 413 – – Witch Doctors Kill Babies ………. _… 843 – – Orphans Religion, Teaching …………1007 Law Enforcement Convention …………….. 312 – – Relief …………………………….. 61, 648 Laymen's League, Christian ……………… 949 – – Reopening of Tyre ………………….. 847 Leaguej Christian Laymen's ……………. 949 Negro Americans, Fred L. Brownlee …….. 552 Leper Colony In Sumatra, S. M. Zwemer …. 118 – Churches in New york." .. " ………….. 392 – Settlement, New ……………………….. 306 – Migration Northward … , ………………. 841 Lepers, Communion Service for ………….. 572i Liberia, Important Town in …….. , ………1()()& – Migrations ………………………… .4~1, 658 – 'tl1ite World as Seen, by the, George E. Literacy Campaign in China ……………… 308 Haynes ………•…….. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . , ….. 499 Literature for Women and Children in Mis- Negroes, Better Colored Schools ………….. 315 sion Field ……………………………. 996 – Conferences for Colored Women, Mrs. W. Luthera.n Church, Extent of ……………… 60 C. Winsborough ………………………. 543 – Increase In Gifts …………….. , ……… 999 – Racial Good Will Movement, Will Winton – Schoo), Funds for ……………………..1Clll Alexander …………… , ………………• 505 – United Action …………………………. 153 New Hebrides, Chaos in ………………. ".. 74 Lutherans Reaffirm Faith ………………..• 220 – – Depopulation of …………………….. 311 Luxuries, Money for ……………………… 389 – – InjUstice in …………………………. 479 Lynohing, Kentucky Women and … , ……… 154 New Year, The-Poem, Horatio Nelson – Public Opinion and …………… " …….. 39'2 Powers ……………………………….. 59 Lynchings in 1923 ………………………… 316 Nias, A Pentecost in, Paul A. Menzel …….. 437 :Ma.nchuria, Conditions in Harbin ………… 477 Nicaragua.. Moravians in .. _………………. 562 Man's Final Destination, Sadhu Sundar Nigeria, Seiyawa Tribe of Western, O. F.

Singh ……………………………….. 958 Beitzel ……………………………….. 974 Map, New Kind of Electric ………………. 98f). Norton, Albert, of India. John E. Norton . __ 7{}2 ~:~~~~11e~~~~~n. ~l.~~..f.~~. ?~~~~.:.:::::::::: ~i~ Opium, Christians Fighting _. _.. _. 70 – F'ight, Anti- _………. __ ___ ' .. 14:~ Mecca, Wahabis and the Fal1 of __ ………… 867 Oriental Dispersion, The . _….. . …. .. .. 757 Medical College, Pekin~ Union, John H. – Survey, An ………. .. …… 39~ Korns ……………… , …. , …… , …….. 901 Orientals …………….. _.. .. .. 913 Mesopotamia, Chief Cities of .. 649 Our Land For Christ-Paem ……………… 996 – United Mission in ……… . 473 Overflow and the Passion, The, S. D. G'Jrd'Jl1 15 Mesopotamian Treaty …………. _ ……. 398 Palestine, British and Arab in …………… 225 Methodist Centenary Gains …….. .. ,6.1 – Enla.rged Work in ……………………… 149 – Millions ……. _. _… _…………. . . ..100() – In Cana of Galilee …………………….. 648 Methods, Modernizing Mi9sionary … _. 985 – Prophecy Fulfilled in ………………….. 648 Mexican Baptist Pastor ……………. .. 64 – Zionists in, Russell Galt ………………. 677 – Christians, Loyal .. 154 Panama Congress, Progress Since the. S. G. – Evangelicals Unite ……………. , …… 659 Inman ………………………………… 869 – Student Volunteers ……………… … 659 Parable of the Good American. A, A. M. – Build Churches … " ……………………. 394 – Buying Bibles .. _……………………… 752 Allan , ……………………… , ……….. 515 – in California ………………………….. 5,53 Peace, Boys and Girls and World, Mrs. E. C.

Mexico, Chinese Colony in, Jay S. Stowell .. 11(} Cronk …………………………………. Iii4 – Contrasts in, Sue R. Staley ……………. 175 – Message, Wireless ……… . ……… 919 – Neglected lndians of …………………… 155 Peeke, Harmon Van Slyck ……………….. 66-7 – Opp'ortunity in New …………… __ ……. 316 Persia., A Belated Confessbn …………….. 398 – UnderstandIng …………………………. 84.3 – Drawn by the Bible ……………………. 225 Mexican Governor, a Fearless …………… 1000 – Influenc-e of Islam in, Wm. N. Wyshan .. 981 – Martyr ………………………………… 1002; – "Lambs Among Wolves" …………. .. 67 Migrants, Summer Service to, Laura H. – Reoccupied Urumia _… _., .. …. …. … .. 68 Parker ………………………………… 136 – The Saviour He NeeCled .. 147 ~ Wbat Counts in ….. .. 148 Miraole of Spring, The-Poem, Alice Amelia Flagg …………………………………. 3,01 Persian Boys, Ambitious …. . .. _…… 92"4 Mission Board Symposium ……………….. 354 – Orphanage, In a. ………. … &4-7 – Boards HODe to Do, What …………….. 4-1 – Public Appreciative …………… .. … __ 569 – Study Ideas ………………………….. 992 Personalities, Carrie M. Kerschner '" 304 PERS01'lALS .•……… ___ …•………. _.. _… 3, Missionary Progress, Summary …………… 5 83, 1~3, 241, 331, 4<)9, 489, 585, H65" 8f.6. !j7, 938 Missionary's Equipment, A-Poem. J. Hudscn Peru, Church and State in …….. _ … 753 Taylor ………………………………… 711 – Fight for Lioorty in ………………….. 563 Missions Campaign in Rochester, National .. 169 – Neglected Indians in, ,V. E. Erowni"!lg '" 287 – Exchange and Cost of ….. __ …………… 6D PerUVIan Leader a Christian ………. ,…… 65 – jn Egypt Today, Government ana 945 Philippines, 1899 to 1924, The ……………… 312 – Premier MacDonald on . _. _. _. 844- – Bible in the ……………………………. 8,8 MOney, How We Can Save.. . .. _. 416 – Disciples in the ……………………….. 231 Mongol, A Christian ….. 71 – Religious Situation tn. Frank C. LaubaCh n Mongolia, EXlJelled from 886- Physicians Unite for Missions ……………. 15-~ Morals Policies, Public … 313 Pola2;!d and Religious Liberty ………… , … 319 Mormon Centennial, The 482 – Revival in Russian ……………………. 84!) ~ Church in Washington . &57 Poster Suggestions ……………………….. 730 l{ormonism, Good and Evil in . 482- Prayer and Publicity …………………….. 46 – in Idaho ….. . ……. . … . ……. 9~1 – Answered, Kanamf)ri's …………………. 5,n – Present Day ……………………… 39() – Call to World Wide Year of …………… 165 Mormons SUll Polyg-amists ………………. 842 – Evidences of Answered ………………… 24R – Train Children, How ………………….. 64 – for n Life of L,iberty-Poem ………….. 980 Moslem View of Christianity, A, S. M. – Parables of, Sadhu Sundar Sin'?h _….. 178 Zwemer _………. , ……… , ……………. 877 Project Method in MIssionary Educatt-:n, – Women Converts ………………………. 92-t Herbert W. Gates …………………….. 128 – World, Upheaval in ……………………. 847 – Plans, Practical, Mary Jenness… _ 203 Moslems and the Press ., … , ……………… 320 – Work, Real, Mabel G. Kerschner ……… 130 – Anxious ……………………………….. 400 Publicity, Prayer and ……………………. 46 – Being Reached …………..•…………… 748 Questions for a Man at Fifty, A. A. Hyde .. 340 – Conference on Work for ……………….. 47Q Race Prejudice, College Course to Eliminate 550 – Listen to the Gospel, When. I. LiJias Trotter ……………………………………. 426 – – Prayer for Deliyerance from, Mornay Mountaineer's Schoo], A …………………. 480 Williams ……………………………… 876 Mountains, In the Cumberland ……………. 313 – Problem~ Christian Solution of the, Frank

INDEX FOR 1924

Page Page L. Anderson ………………………….. 5:)3 Sumatra and Java, Missionary Visit to, S.

– – Future of the Red Men in Americ:a. M. Zwemer ……………………………. 841 Henry Roe Cloud … , ……. , ………….. 529 – Miracle of Missions in, S. M. Zwemer …. 118 – – Interracial Cooperation in Indianapolis, Sunday School Convention, World ….. , .389, 756 Charles O. Lee ……………………….. 546 _ – Fleet ……………………………….. 314 – – Parable of the Good American, A, M. _ – Progress in Mission Lands, W. G. Landes ……………………………….. 446 Allan ………………………. '" ……… 515 – -. Removing the "Wall of Partitiall," Sunday-schools in Syria . _……………….. 925 Amos 1. Dushaw ……………………… 617 Superstition in Africa, Fighting, Mathilde T. – – The …………………………………. 493 Dysart …………………………………. 42-1 – — What Can Be Done, Bertha G. Judd … 549 Swedes, Missionary Activities of the, J. Rin- man …………………………………… 619 Race Problems in Mississippi ……… 557 Syria, French Rule in …………….. . … 149 – – Solving ……………………•……….. 557 – Hamlin Memorial in …………. . … 1007 – Relations, Britain and ……… . … 844 – Growth of Beirut Press ………… . 648 – – Cbristian ………………………. . …. Z2() – Orphans Govern Themselves ……. 148 – -..0 Way of Christ in, Edith H. Allen .. ' 551 – Sunday Schools in ……………….. 925 – Superiority …. ,., ………………………. 516 Temperance, Anti-Saloon League Rally 292 Racial Good Will Movement, A, Will Winton – Hope of a Dry World…………….. 61 Alexander ………………….. _.. 505 – W. C. T. U. in China………………….. 70 – Integrity, Virginia's …………………… 557 Testimony from Enemies ………………… 1005 – Intermarriage in South America, Oliveira Lima …………………………………. 513 Thompson, Charles L" Missionary Statesm.an 449 Radio, Foreign Mission News by ………… 99() Tibet, American Mission in …. , …………. , 307 Red Men in America, Future of, Henry Roe – Christian Books for ………… "." ……. ' &73 Cloud …………………………………. 52~ – Christians in ………………….. , ….. , .. 400 Rhodesia, Prohibition for ……………….. 151. – Indian M1ssion for …………………….. 307 Roman Catholic-Vatican Missionary Exhi- – Evangelism In …………………………1011 bition …………………………………1004 Tibetan Border, On the ………………. 651, 745 Rotary Club and Missions ………………… 294 – Monks ., …. " … , ……………………… , 475 Rouman1a, State and Church in ………….. 219 Rural Church, Need of the ………………. 314 Tithing Increases Funds ………………….. 839 =- – Test of the …………………………. 841 Turkestan for Christ, Holding ……………. 473 Me~:;gd:. ~ha~IML~r~~C:tP~:. ~~~:.~. ~'..~.~l.t.O.~ ~~ Turkey, Boys' Clubs in …………………… 472 – Future of Polygamy …………………… 569 – Medical Work in Aintab ……………….. 473 Russia, A Crime Against Children …… , …. 645 – Mission Work Resumed ………………… 224 = :lg ~~~i-~~;;:~e ~~1i~~~:Sin' .:..::……….::..:::… : ~: – Outlook for Missionary Work in ………. 674 =~~~~c~h~~dO~i3!~~ "i~"::::::::::::::::::::::: ~ – PlUral Marriage in …………………….. 67 – Social Changes in …………………….. 1007 – What Did the Martyrs See? _… .. 67 =- Communist Idea of LOve ………………. 396 Turkish Government and Religion .. 335 8~~~~~ef~~ ~~~~~:.::'''''''''''''':: .. :::::: :1~ – Persecution, Petty ………… . 568 – Woman Doctor, First ………. . 22fi Turks Close Aintab Hospital ….. . 148 – Methodist Pians for . . ….. 152 – Toward Missions, Attitude of ……… …… 93 – Paganism in …….. .. .. 845 Union Enterprise~ A New, Sarah H. Polhemus 300- – Religious Values in ……… . …… 646 – Hindered. Canadian Church _. _….. _. _. _… 658 Rus3ian Chri3tians Persecuted ……. 845 in –0 Holland, Missionary ……….. .. .. 643 – Churches Closing … 1004 – Southern Methodists for ………… 754 – Communist Rite ……. _ …. 751 – Vote for Methodist ……………. 560 – Demand for Books … . .. 222 United Church, V,"'or-k of the …………….. 943 – Poland, Revival in …………. .. 845 United States, China in the Local Parish, Santo Domingo, Converlidos in Nel1ie M John Clark Archer ………………….. 988 Whiffen …………………. .'…………. : 189 – – Rural Church Under the Microscope, Sc~rrM1~:~~n~~y 'Fi~~~'~~'::::::::::::::::::: i~ _ ~~~~~s ~~ ~h~to~~.:::::.:~:~:::~:~:~:::~:::::l~i – Religious Conditio-ns ……………….. , … 920 Sem~naries in United States, Theological …1000 – – Theological Seminaries ………………1()()o unityW;~tdi~g~h~h~i~~i:~ ~~.~~~~ . .':.'. ~ '.:::::~ 9~~ SerbIa, Protestant Work for ……………… 391) Vacation Bible SchooL Adeline Guenther …. 33 Service, "Applied Christianity" ., …………• 481 – Enlisting a Denomination for World Wit- ;~ti~:~a M1vfs~1g~~~~' Jx~~bit;~~":::::::::::: :~JSM S liam F. MODermott ……………. ."……. 452 VOlWNde:~n~~~~~ ..~~~…~.~V:.: …~~~~~.t…~: 903 sr:!~~~ g;rls~~~e~~~~s. :::::::: ::: :::::::::::: ~:g ;:~~~~:f:ni~c~~r.9 'j;; 'Stciiy':::::::::::::::::: ~~ s: Gradua.tes to Teach ……………………. 69 War, Conference on Cause and Cure of …. 994 War-Mad World, A ……………………… 60 c::; ~l~~:~~~~~~k ~~y~e::.:::::.::.::::::::::: ~l~ – The Church and ……………………….. 932 Slavs in the United States ….. , ….. , …….1001 Washington Convention, The Coming ……. , 852 Social Evil, The Japanese and the ……….. &'72 we~. I£,~t~en~ra .~.i~.s.i.O.; .~i.~l.~,..~~.~'..~~.~~~~~ 183 SoC!al. Service, Studpnts and …………….. 999 SocIah3m, "Red" Archbishop in New York.. 62 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN …… . Somervell, Dr. Theodore Howard, Missionary .. 54. 139. 214, 302. 382, 4£7, 554. 640, 734. 827. 913 Athlete …………………………. . …1004 South America-(See Latin America)." ssa' 734" WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN 912 .. 57. 136. 211. 299. 386, 464. [>51, 637' – – Indian Infanticide ………………….. :::'003 Women Call for Action …………. .'…..'…. : 655 South Seas, Bible in …………………….1013 Stewarts as Christian Stewards, The …….. 59-5 m – in Church, Status of, Mrs. Charles K. Roys .282 Student Mission, Fitchburg ……………… 999 W.;ldEy::~i~t~~~:t'T~uar~e].I~ .~:..~.c.~~.i~.~.:: – Movement, British …………………….. 221 =- Alliance at Oxford ……………………. , 564- – Views of Indianapolis Convention ……… 173 i~l~~roe:s~c:r~~t;~i:' B~~i~' f~'~':::::::: ~: ~:: ~~ Y. M. C. A. Budget for 1924 ……………. 64, 153 – Volunteers for Japan ………………….. 229 – Canal Zone ………….. , ……….. ,., …… 482 Siu'r~;~ ~~~njfri~nd~~r~~~aii~~'s,' 'E~i~~~d' if: 386 = :::::::::::: :::: :::: ::: W Y. W. C. A. Convention …………………… 314 ~a~~~t~f ~~~~e:a~':::: Lockwood ……………………………… 545 Young People and World Peace, Mrs. E. C. Cronk •……….. , …………………….. 64 – – Home Missions ……………………… 2.18 – – Social Servioe ……………………… 999 Youth Movement and Missions, American … 85 – are Reading, What Foreign ……………. 669 – at LouisVille, Methodist ……………….. 5.5.9 Zio~~~~i~n~al:s~f~~e~u~~~ii· G~it' ~:::::::::: =~ – of Europe, Relief of the, Fred H. Rind:se '613 Sudan, Facts About the …………………… 397 Sudanese Chiefe, Friendly ………•……….. 160

NEW BOOKS REVIEWED Page Page In China Now, J. C. Keyte ……………. 583, 851 Adventures in Brotherhood, Dorothy Gtles •. 577 In Palestine at the Empty Tomb, E. E. African Clearings, Jean Kenyon Mackenzie .• 758 African Idylls, Donald Fraser •…•….•…..• 77 Violette ………..•…….•………..•…..• 23£ Afrtcan Life, W. H. Overs …….•.•.•…….1018 In Quest of God, Marshall Broomhall •……• 851 America and the World Liquor Problem. In the Heart of Savagedom, Mr. and Mrs.

Ernest Hurst Cherrington .. , ………….. 406 Stewart Watt ………•………………… 488 Americans in Eastern Asia, Tyler Dennett .. 849 Anglo-South American Handbook, Edited by In the Land of Sweepers and Kings, George W. H. Koebel …………………………. 238 E. Miller •………….•.•…..•.•……….. 935 Answered Prayer in China, C. E. Scott .. 239. 851 Indian Pie, By Several Authors ………….. 582 Apolo of the Pygmy Forest, A. B. LlOyd …. 1018 Arab at Home. Paul W. Harrison …..•…•. 1{):1!) Indische Missionsgeschichte, Julius Richter.. 581 Are Foreign Missions Worth While? ……… 407 Jane in the Orient, Lois H. Swinehart ……. 8521 Argentine Republic, The, Pierre Denis …… 238 John Tengo Jabavu, D. D., T. Jabavu …… 664 Baron Paul Nicolay, Greta Langeuskjold …. 759 JUbilee Story of the China Inland Mission, Beginning Again at Ararat, Mabel E. Elliott 760 Bolshevist Persecution of Christianity, Marshall Broomhall ….•.•.•…..•…..•… 85~ Junior Citizen, The, Joyce Constance Manuel 407 Francis McCullagh ……………………. 578 Kachins, The, O. Hanson …………………. 582, Breaking Down Chinese Walls, E. L Osgood &51 Business of Missions, The, Cornelius H. Pat- Kingdom of God, The, FranCis Asa Wight … 578 Labor in India. Janet Harvey Kelman ……. 486 ton ………………………•…………… 4{)4 Land of All Nations, Margaret R. Seebach .. 577 Call of China's Great Northwest. The, Mrs. Land of Saddle Bags, The, James Watt Raine 759 Howard Taylor ……………………….. 233 Land Systems of MexiCO, The, George Mc· g~f;::i~nCI~~~~~era~i~n~'t.,,:,o~sa~hf~~·d . : :: ~~ Bride ……. , ……. , ……… ". , ……….. 233 China Awakened, M. C. T. Z. Tyau ………. 850 Layman's Confession of Faith, A, P. Whit- China in the Family of Nations, H. T. Hodg~ well Wilson •.•…………………•…….. 662 kin ………………….•….•…••.•…….. 849 Life and Labors of Archibald McLean, Wil- Ham Robinson Warren ……. , ………… 157 China Mission Year Book ………………… 850 China Today Through Chinese Eyes, T. T. Life as a StewardshIp, Guy L. Morrill ……. 237 Life of the AnCient East, The, James Baikie 4()5 Lew and Others ………………………. 78 Lives O'Menj Margaret Pyle ……………… 237 China-Yesterday and Today, E. T. Williams Livingstone, the Master Missionary. Hubert ……………….•….••…•.•…..•…•.•. 75, 80ID ~. Livingstone ………………………… 480 Christian and His Muney Problems, Thel Lutheran World Almanac and Annual Ency- Bert Wilson ..•………………………… 239 clopedia ………………•….. ' ………… 40/3 Christian Education in China …………….• 8150 Magyars in America, The, D. A. Souders …. 406 Christian Literature in Moslem Lands ,…… 79 Maryknoll Mission Letters ……………….• 232 Christian Occupation of China, The, Milton Men, Maidens and Mantillas, Stella Burke T. Stauffer …….. : …………….•…….. 85(] May •.••••.•…•.•……•……..•…..•.•…. 158 Christian Reformed Church, The. Henry Men, Women and God, A. Herbert Gray ….. 237 Mexico, An Interpretation, Carleton Beals .. 934 Beets …………………………………. 760 Miracle Man and the Wonder Book, The, Christian StewardshIp. B. T. Kemerer ……. 6821 Christianity and Economic Problems, Kirby Fred J. Meldan …………………….•… 240 Modern Religious Movements in India, J. N. Page and Others ……………………… 582 Christianity and Liberalism. J. Gresham Farquhar ..•…•.•••…•…..•.•••…..••…. 661 More Twice Born Men, Harold Begbie ……. 238 Machen ………………….. , ………….• 487 My Children of the Forest. Andrew F. Hen"eY 758 Christianity and the Race Problem, J. H. My Nestorian Adventure in China. Frits Oldham ……………………………….. fJl7 Holm ….•.•…•.•……..•…………•….. 75 ChristianIty the Final Religion, S. M. New Invasion of Belgium, A, Philip E.

Zwemer •……………..•………•…….. 663 H<>ward ……………………………….. 759 Contacts with NOll-Christian Cultures, D. J. New Lanterns in Old China, Theodora Mar~ Fleming ………………………………. 661 shaIl Inglis …..•…..•………•………•. 76 Cornaby of Hanyang, Coulson Kernahan and N or Script, Amy Wilson Carmichael ……… 408 Notable Women of Modern China, Margaret Mrs. Wm. Cornaby ……………………1018 Daniel Bula, R. C. Nicholson …….•.•……. 664 Burton ……………•………………….. 850 'Development of China, The, K. S. Latourette 849 Nyasa, the Great Water, William P. Johnson 485 Directory of Protestant Missions in China .. 78 Progress of World Wide Missions, Robert H. Dr. Arthur Jackson of Manchuria, AJfred J. Glover ……………………….. , , , , . ' .. 1016 Coseain ……….•……………………… 851 Race and Race Relations, Robert E. Speer.. 1015 Erromanga, the Martyr Isle, H. A. Robertson 66:3 Race Problems in the New Africa, W. C. Facing the Cl'isis, Sherwood Eddy …… , ….. 406 Faith That Overcomes the World, The, Van Willoughby ……………………………. 404 Religion of Lower Races., The, Edwin W. Rensselaer Gibson …. _………………… 407 For a New America, Coe Hayne………….. 78 Smith …………………………………. 79 Foreign Magic, Jean Carter Cochran …….. 850 Religious and Social Problems of the Orient, Forty-Five Years in China, Timothy Richard 850 Francis de Sales Buchanan, Gilbert White .. 233 Masaharu Anesaki ……………………. 235 Francois Coillard, Edward Shillito ……….. 5S3 Shelton of Tibet, Flora Beal Shelton ….. 239, 851 Frontier Spirit in American Christianity, Social Revolwtion in Mexico. Edward A. Ross 157 Social Survey in Town and Country Areas, The, Peter G. Mode …………………… 584 Galilee Doctor, A, W. P. Livingstune ……. , 76 The, H. M. Morse …………………….. 760 Gateway to China, The, Mary Ninde Game- St. Louis Church Survey, The, Paul Douglas 760 Story of John G. Paton, The, James Paton .. 759 well …………………………………… 24Q Tables in the Wilderness, Amy Wilson Car- General Feng, Marshall Broomhall ……….. 664 Glimpses of Indian America, W. F. Jordan .. 232 michael … ,. ………………………… ,. 237 GUide of Religious Pageantry. A, Mason Timothy Richard of China, W. E. Soothill .. SIll Twenty-Five Years of the L. M. Soo A. T. S. Crum ……..•………………………… 239 Henry Martyn, Confessor of the Faith, Con~ James ………………….•…..•………. 488 When Black Meets White, John Louis Hill .. 237 stance E. Padwlck ……………………. 78- When the East is in the West. Maude Mad· History of the Wesleyan' Methodist Mission- den ……••………..•…•…….•………. 583 ary Society, G. G. Findlay ……………. 933 White Fields of Japan, The, I.lois J. Erickson 23'5 Home and Health in India, The, Kate Platt 334 William Carey, S. Pearce Carey ………….. 581 Home, Saviour of Civilization, The, J. E. Mc- Winning of the Far East, The, Sidney L.

Culloch ………..•…………………….. 1W3 Gulick ………….•……………………. 486 Idea of God, The, Clarence 'A. Beckwith ….. 40'1 World Service of the Methodist Episcopal Ideals of Theodore Roosevelt, The, Edward ChUrch ..•…………………………….. 158 H. Cotton ……•………….•.•………… 664 Year Book of the Churches. ,…………….. 76 Ignatius Loyola, Henry Dwight Sedgwick … 579

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1924

'VOLUME XLVII NUMBER

THE MISSIONARY ~ – NOVEMBER, 1924 PROGRESS SINCE THE PANAMA CONGRESS SAMUEL GUY INMAN A MOSLEM VIEW OF CHRISTIANITY SAMUEL M. ZWEMER PAPAGO INDIANS—PEOPLE OF THE DESERT MRS. F. S. HERNDON ECUADOR–·A MISSIONARY CHALLENGE WEBSTER E. BROWNING HOW ONE MISSIONARY WORKS IN CHINA CHARLES ERNEST SCOIT INFLUENCE OF PEKING UNION MEDICAL COLLEGE JOHN H~ KORNS .

,2.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COpy MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY 3d and REILY STS., HA:RRISBURG~ PA. 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK

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Plans to visit India this summer, to return to America next autumn, and to visit South Africa in the next year.

YOU can go to these fields with him, by proxy, and can help give the Gospel to Moslems by sending your contribution to the work through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems cooperating with the Nile Mission Press and with International Committees on the field to give the Gospel Message through the printed page in Egypt Syria Russia China Morocco Palestine Persia Java Algiers Turkey India Sumatra Tunis Arabia Malaysia South Africa THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS William 1. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson, of New York, Vice Presidents Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D., Cairo, Honorary Field Secretary Dr. James L. Barton Dr. Frank Mason North Mrs. William Borden Miss Anpa A. Milligan Dr. William B. Anderson Mrs. D. 1.. Pierson Mr. Fennell P. Turner ::J'I Mrs. William Bancroft Hill Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Send your contributions to MRS. E. E. OLCOTT, Treasurer, 322 West 75th ,i Street, New York City. Apply for infonnation and literature to MRS. JAMES M. MONTGOMERY, .

Secretary, Box 888, New York City.

PERSONALS 11th. He was a theological tutor in Peking U.niversity/ an able and talented man, and REv. J·OHN H. RITSON, D.D., secretary of had been 111 China for forty-five years. He the British and For~ign Bible Society since became a great preacher in Chinese and eqnally useful tutor for Chinese preachers. 1899, has just completed a 40,000 mile trip He passed away at the a,ge of seventy-two in the British Empire, and during his ab- beloved by all who knew him. sence wa~ ehoBen President of th€, Wesleyan ** Methodist Conference for ]925. SADHU SUNDAR. SINGH found it necessary *** to abandon his trip to Tibet on accouut of ill-health_ His lungs were too weak to allow REv. A. G. J<'RASER, for many years Prin- of climbing the huge 'nountains on the border but he has now recovered his health cipal of Kandy College, Ceylon, has gone to and is devoting all his powers to India. the Gold Coast, Afriea, to assume charge of a new nniversity whieh is to be established REV. HARRY F_1RMER, D.D., for twelve there with liberal governmt.nt support. years a mis~ionary in the Philippines, and later one of the secretaries of the Board * of Foreign Missions of the M€thodist Epis- copal Church, has recently beeome associate- DR. TOM JAYS, formerly <1 missionary to secretary of the American Mission to Lepers, Afriea, and for some years a secretary of 156 Fifth Avenue, New Yl)rk City. the British Student Volunteer Missionary • Union, has been elected Prhcipal of Living- FRANK H. MANN, one of the General Seestone College. retaries of the American Bible Society, has rooently resigned after being connected with JACOB ;r- * Armenian who the Society sinee February 8, ]919. During Mr. Mann's administration the annual in- ARAKELIAN, an come of the Society has been steadily in- crell8ed, and very many new friends have reeenlly died in Boston, left in his will been added by his wi9dom, tact, and effec- tive service. $10,000 to each of three mission colleges in the Near East and to five educational institutions in the United States. Out of the residue of his estate a large' sum will ,go to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.

REV. G. T_ CANDLIN, a valued missionary of the English United Methodist Church in Peking died suddenly in Peita-ho on April Please mentlon THE MISSIONARY REVIEW Oll' 'TIlE WORLD in wrjUn2 to advertisers.

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EDITORIALS ………….. ~ . . . . . . . . .. 861 WHEN you are through what wid WHAT Is Y01.TR ANSWEE~ become of your funds? THE COMING ""ASHINGTON CONVENTION. REFORM AND REACTION IN CHILE. For SAFETY and a SURE LIFE THE W.tElABIS AND THE FALL OF MECCA. INCOME write for Booklet No.7.

PROGRESS SINCE THE PANAMA CON- eVen if not interested al the pre&enl lime. GRESS .•.•….•.. SAMUEL GUY INMAN 869 A revie'W of so'me' of the 'Important ad- We hope that now you can send a donation vances made in erotestant missionary co- to help give the Bible in 66 languages to the operation j,n Latin Am..erica 8ince the immign'nts, the sailors. the sick in hospitals. conference held in Pal"/L'Yna in 1916. the prisoners. and in raised type to the blind.

A MOSLEM VIEW OF CHRISTIANITY New Yo,/;: BiM. Hous.: the cenl,. 0/ a great wotk • ••••••••••.••••.• SAMUHL M. ZWEMER 877 G-Hmpses 01 the attitude of ,l:fonwm.meaans of FREE Bible distribution. toward Oh'rist and Ch,ristians as shown in 80rn.e Motdem periodicals published by Moslems.

THE PAPAGO INDIANS – PEOPLE OF THE DESERT ….. MRS. F. S. HERNDON 883 A story of an interesting and 8ucGessful work arn,ong the 1ndl,ans of Arizona.

ECUADOR, A MISSIONARY CHALLENGE New York Bible Society WEESTER • • • • • • 0 • • • • • • • • • E. BROWNING 886 5 East 48th Street, New York Facts about one of the' leMt kno'Wn and The Olde.! Bib 10 Society in 1nost neglected countries of South Amer- Now York ica and the need jor more active mission- ary . effort.

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HOW ONE MISSIONARY WORKS IN "Everybody we .old tawas delighted CHINA ……… CHARLES EnNEST SCOTT 894 with the tea." Interesting fflimpses of the every-day life Of an Am..erican missionary, showing his "A/tpr usinl? Jasmine Tea no one joys and sO'rrows~ trials and triumphs. could want to go back to any other." INFLUENCE OF THE PEKING UNION MEDICAL COLLEGE …. JOHN H. KORNS 901 These and SCOres of other good things have A statement of the ideals and activitie8 oj been said of CHINESE JASMINE TEA. the Rockefel1.er instit'ution in Ohina and You can sell it in gift packages for your so- its relation to m,issionary work. ciety at a profit of 40 per cent.

BEST METHODS THAT HAVE PROVED J aomine Tea in Chinese baskets. $1.25 SUCCE,SSFUL ……•..••…•••..••.. (Enough for 300 cupfu1s) •••••…. EDITED BY MR.S. E. C. CRONK 903 HOME AND FOREIGN MISSIONS BUL- LETIN ••.•…. COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS AND TaE FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BO_~RDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS 912 NEWS FROM: ~IANY LANDS . . . . . . . . . . . 918 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ………. 933 TERMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs ot five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Publlshed monthly. Copyrighted. 1924. by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM~ PA.NT, INC. All rights reserved.

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IN FRONT OF THE CATHEDRAL IN QUITO

MI-S-S]ONARY

EVIEW'

VOL. NOVEMBER, 1924 NUMBER XLVII ELEVEN WHAT IS YOUR ANSWER~~'

I SLEPT and behold I dreamed a dream and saw a vision. A Congress of the Universe was being held on a star so far away as to be scarcely visible from the earth through our most powerful telescopes. Other delegates were gigantic Martians, quaint little Moon-men, pompous representatives of other planets and strange looking figures from unknown worlds.

The assembly-which consisted of some thousands of delegates -IDet in the open air beneath a vast dome of over-arching forestry. The debates were conducted in a strange language generally understood by most of those present but of which I caught the meaning only of occasional words. The Earth and its affairs seemed insignificant from that remote standpoint, and yet I was conscious of the fact that it was receiving a good deal of attention from the assembly. Now and again they pointed to the distant speck that I knew to be our world and looked at me with curious and questioning gaze. I felt embarrassed and uncomfortable.

One evening when I was taking a solitary stroll, I came upon two of the delegates sitting on a quiet hillside talking the strange language that I could with some difficulty comprehend. They were looking toward the Earth and, from what I caught of the conversa- tion, were talking earnestly about it.

"Am I right," I asked, "in thinking that the Congress has been discussing the Earth and its affairs '/"

"You are quite right," replied one of the men; "your world is an inscrutable mystery to all of us."

"In what respect ~ " I inquired. "It is said," he explained, "that the Son of the Great God Himself eutered the life of your little im;ignificant planet as a human being." "That is true," I replied; and somehow that familiar fact seemed more amazing than it had ever before appeared.

'" Aaapted from an article by Rev. F. V. Borcham in UH' M'iss'ionaTY Herald of the Baptist Missionary Society. England.

861

"It is even said," continued my companion, "that there He did marvellous deeds of love, spoke wonderful words of truth, and that, in spite of all this, He was rejected, and laid down His life for the salvation of the men on your small planet."

"That is true," I replied. "I cannot explain it." "But that," replied the spokesman, "is not what seems most astonishing to us. It is said that, although the Son of the Great God died for the men of your planet nearly two thousand years ago and left as His parting command to His followers that they should tell all their fellowmen of His love and make known His way of life, with the promise of His power to help them-that nevertheless very few of your fellowmen on the Earth have as yet received His message. Is that really so?" I felt extremely uncomfortable and could only say: "But very many of them have been told about it I" "How many?" they asked. "Perhaps a third of mankind know something of His corning," I replied, "but they are not all His followers." "Pe:r:haps," interposed one of my companions, "this Earthdelegate will explain the situation to the Oongress tomorrow ~" Here I was confronted by the most appalling difficulty that I had ever known. A sacrifice of God Himself for men, a promise of His power and a command to His followers-and yet the commission not carried out in nearly 2,000 years! How could I explain, to the satisfaction of the Oongress, the situation that seemed so inexplicable to these representatives of other globes 1 I sat there, my face buried in my hands, battling my way through a surge of stormy thoughts. But the more I thought, the more impossible it seemed to offer an explanation.

*** With a shudder, I awoke and behold, it was a dream. But the question remains unanswered.

Reader, if you were asked to explain the situation to delegates from another planet, what would your answer be ~ THE OOMING WASHINGTON OONVENTION* N o more important subject could be the theme for a great rep- resentative convention at the nation's capital than that which will be discussed at the next Ohristian council in Washington this coming winter. Pan-American conferences have discussed political and commercial relations of the North, Oentral and Southern republics; medical conferences have considered the physical health of nations; educational conferences have studied the intellectual ideals and mental development of the people; the Disarmament • Information regarding the Convention may be secured from the secretaries of aenominational Foreign Mission Boards, or from L. B. Moss, Convention Registrar, 25 Madison Avenue, New York City.

EDITORIAl. COMMENTS

Conference discussed one way of promoting peace on earth, but the coming Washington Foreign Missions Convention (January 28th to February 2d) will consider the greatest of all topics-the relation of men to God and their response to the Gospel of Christ. This subject includes·not only the spiritual welfare of mankind and the problems and progress of Christian missions, but is vitally related to international peace and good will, to industrial and social better- ment, to physical, moral and intellectual advancement. It is all- inclusive and vet should be so defined as to be clear cut and decisive in its pronou"ncements and positive in its results. As a recent announcement reads, this convention is a gathering of "ambassadors who are accredited not by one nation to another, but by the Divine Saviour of the world to all mankind."

This Foreign Missions Convention is being promoted by Prot- estant leaders in the United States and Canada. They are deeply conscious of a world-wide need and an immense opportunity, and they have been profoundly convinced that the Gospel of .Christ, in its fullness and authority, should be preached t~ all men and ex- pressed everywhere in word and deed. These leaders will meet to review the whole world situation and will seek to discover how the present duty and opportunity of the Church at home may best be discharged toward our fellowmen in other lands.

It is twenty-five years since the epoch-making Ecumenical Conference was held in New York, and fifteen years since the similar gathering of the Protestant missionary leaders of the world met in Edinburgh. Since then, many momentous changes have taken place in political and religious circles at home and abroad. Not only has the great World War disrupted society and transformed the political face of the globe, but revolutions have taken place in Turkey, Germany, Russia, China and elsewhere. The industrial situation has greatly changed through the extension of socialistic ideas and the social and religious upheavals are indicated by the Gandhi movement in India and the abolition of the caliphate in Islam. These momentous changes have, in some cases, had a beneficial effect but in many instances deplorable results have followed. Christ's missionaries are everywhere seeking to promote the good and to correct the evil through the proclamation and practical manifestation of the love of Christ.

No group of men and women can speak with greater authority on these topics related to the moral and spiritual uplift of mankind than can the missionary leaders of the Protestant Church. Their first-hand contacts with human need all over the world and their sympathy with human difficulties and struggles make them as expert in presenting and solving these problems as are the political leaders who meet at Geneva in the League of Nations to solve international problems. Diplomacy deals with states and temporal affairs: Chris-

Han missions deal with human souls and with the Power that determines men's destinies for time and for eternity.

There are special reasons today for calling such a missionary convention at Washington. The world is full of n~w difficulties, of fresh needs and inviting opportunities: Formerly, the foreign missionary, like Livingstone or Paton, was almost wholly a pioneer, discovering new peoples, learning new languages, braving great physical perils and taming untutored savages. Today missionaries still do pioneer work in remote regions, among primitive people, but much of their labor has to do with the more advanced races and highly developed cultures. Today the call is not only for preachers, but for doctors and nurses, for trained teachers and social and industrial experts, for linguists, executives and business men and women. At Washingi;on, the scientist, the sociologist, the scholar and the business man will all find subjects of great interest discussed and will come face to face with the absorbing task that is being undertaken in the name of Christ for the salvation of the world. Many of the experts who will meet there are men and women who have made great sacrifices, who have studied and shared in the work of the Kingdom of God in other lands. They will speak with authority. The churches from the North, the East, the South and the West of this continent will send their most trusted leaders, laymen and clergy as delegates to gain inspiration and to take part in the discussions. Participation will be a privilege long to be remembered. The attendance will necessarily be limited to appointed delegates, but the inspiration will be spread far and wide after their return.

At this Washington Convention, the executives will gather who have formulated missionary policies and programs during the past generation. They have travelled far and wide and have had a vital part in helping forward the progress of mankind at home and abroad. While they realize the many shortcomings and failures that have attended the work, they see clearly the obligation to obey the call of Christ to this world-wide crusade. Protestant churches today are maintaining only about 25,000 ambassadors of the Cross on the forl·ign field, with 100,000 Christian workers of native churches. The annual expenditure for the support of this work is only $35,000,000less than the cost of one battleship. ,Vith this inadequate force, and with this small expenditure, they have carried on the threefold work of preaching, teaching and healing throughout the non-Christian world. In the United States alon(' the number of preachers, teachers, doctors and assistants is more than a million. In this proportion, there should be at least tln'('e million crusaden; in India, the same number in China, and two million for Africa. 'I'he fulfillment of Christ's promise of His presence and pow('r is Rhown in the results achieved in spite of the inadequate forces.

America has the greatest ayailable natural resources in the

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

world. The Christians of the United States and Canada must face the duty and the privilege of sharing these resources of knowledge, of wealth and of religion with other nations less fortunate. The United States has herself much to learn from other nations even as Tyre and Sidon rebuked the faithlessness of the chosen people, Israel, and Samaria rebuked the unneighborliness of the holy city, Jerusalem. But, in spite of the good found in other peoples and their religions, it is in Christ only and in His Gospel that all those peoples and religions must find the abundant and eternal life of God.

The chu.rches of North America have undertaken the great task but they are not undertaking it alone or in their own strength. It is a work for all to do with God. Those who wish to have a part in it and who cannot attend the Convention will have an opportunity to share in its results through their sympathy and their prayers and will be stirred by the echoes that come from others. The success of the gathering will, under God, depend on the attitude of the Church and on the volume of believing prayer that goes up for God's guidance of the leaders and for the manifestation of His power. Here is an oppOTtunity for arousing the Church to a higher pitch of heroism and for binding followers of Christ more closely together in the common work to which He has called us. PRAY FOR THE WASHINGTON CONVENTION.

REFORM AND REACTION IN CHILE PRESIDENT DON ARTURO ALESSANDRI of Chile has re- cently been deposed and requested to leave the country because his political opponents did not approve of his progressive and humanitarian ideas. Behind this event lies one of the most picturesque stories of the struggles of a modern reformer, deposed by a combination of reactionary forces of the military, the landed aristocracy and the Roman Catholic Church in Chile.

Don Arturo Alessandri was known as one of the most socially and internationally minded rulers of all the South American countries. Chile, "the Shoe-string Republic," is a little strip of land about twenty-five miles in width and two thousand five hundred miles in length, separated from the rest of the world by the Andes mountains on the East and the Pacific Ocean on the ·West. For a hundred years of its independence it has been conservatively ruled by some one hundred families. Arturo Alessandri seemed to have broken up the old oligarchy and his presidency was believed to have hrought a new day to Chile. But now he is an exile in Argentine and a military junta rules in his place.

Alessandri's election three years ago was strongly opposed and it was a question whether he would be able to carry out his reforms in behalf of the lower classes. In the old days when the Senate

refused to approve some act the Government suggested, the cabinet resigned, but President Alessandri refused to accept the resignations unless the Senate passed a direct vote of censure. The common people idolize Alessandri and dared the reactionary senators to pass such a vote. The pastors of the Evangelical churches presented President Alessandri with a copy of the Scriptures and he said later, "'The only book I have in my bed chamber is the Bible. I read it every day and try to make it my guide. Don't understand that I am a Protestant, for I am not. Neither am I a Catholic. But I believe I am a true Christian, and for this reason I have faith that I will succeed in my reform program. I believe the United States of America is great, not because it is composed of a great business people and organizes great enterprises, but because the people are a Bible-reading people. I want Chile to follow that example in this matter, so that we will also be great."

Later he said: "People who say that North Americans are only dollar chasers do not understand, for you use money as the proper machinery for securing good for humanity. The Young Women's Christian Association has a splendid program for service. Several American mission schools are doing a great moral and social work in Chile. The Rockefeller Foundation is sending experts to eliminate fatal diseases. American mining companies have done us good by forming model camps where alcohol is excluded and where schools, clubs and homes are built for workmen. Because of this policy, especially the taking away of liquor, our workmen have been found apt in learning even to handle intricate machinery, eliminating the need of bringing in foreign experts." He also expressed his enthusiasm for the Young Men's Christian Association. When that organization in Santiago opened its present modest, rented quarters a few months ago, President Alessandri was present and made a great address, declaring that, "Just as water coming down from the mountains is scattered by the sun's rays, so the youth movement, representing in the Young Men's Christian Association the ideals of purity and honor, is scattering its influence among the Chilean youth, exposed to a thousand temptations. Such sound and honored institutions as this are the most powerful agencies for the transformation of society." Sr. Alessandri is a great advocate of temperance and astounded the newspaper correspondents gathered at the Santiago conference from all parts of the world, when he served no liquors at a reception tendered in their honor.

Last February 9th the Senate passed the entire program of political, parliamentary and constitutional reforms demanded by President Alessandri. The Chamber of Deputies also approved the program which grants the Chief Executive greater freedom from parliamentary obstruction. The agreement to accept the reforms was made contingent upon appointment by the President of a new

1924J EDITORIAL COMMENTS

ministry, which would give electoral guarantees. The old Cabinet resigned and such a Ministry was formed.

The contest became so severe, however, that the President was forced to resign. What is the next move of the military junta in Santiago? Will they recall Alessandri or will they declare the presi- dency vacant and call for new elections under their own auspices 1 This episode has greatly affected the prestige of Chile as a conntry without revolutions, it has set back the movement for reform in Chile, and has aroused large sympathy for President Alessandri, whom the world will be inclined to believe when he says; "I fell defending my progressive and humanitarian ideas." s. G. 1.

THE WAHABIS AND' THE FALl… OF MECCA W HEN, about the middle of October, the warriors of Ibn Saoud, chief of central Arabia, entered Mecca, the 'great shrine of Islam, the capital of the Hejaz, the world of Islam suffered a second shock which will be felt in every Moslem land and have farreaching results. When the Angora Government of the new Turks abolished the Caliphate and expelled the Caliph, many declared that this was a deathblow to Pan-Islamism. What will they say now that Mecca has fallen into the hands of the reactionary Wahabi party and King Hussein has abdicated f Tho Wahabis are a fanatical sect of Moslems, and make war on their opponents whose religious views are different. The sect was founded early in the 18th century by Abd el Wahab who was essentially a Moslem Puritan seeking to turn Islam back to what he considered its simple fundamentals. He was particularly disturbed by the tendency to worship Mohammed, who claimed to be only a mortal. He also was opposed to prayers to Moslem saints. After Wahab died his fanatical followers wrecked the elaborate tombs of Moslem teachers and even attempted to destroy the dome over the tomb of Mohammed at Medina.

Since the World War the Wahabis have increased in power and now dominate all of central Arabia. It is they, under the powerful sheikh, Ibn Saoud, who have recently captured Mecca and have dictated terms to the King of the Hejaz. vYahabism today dictates that no tomb can have a cupola; no one must wear articles of silk or use silver and gold ornaments; valuable rugs and other luxurious fittings in mosques are prohibited and all tobacco is taboo. Smokers may be killed on the spot by fanatical Wahabis who consider such a deed meritorious.

During the early years of the war when Turkey cast in her lot 'iV with Germany and Austria, Dr. Snouck Hurgronje of Holland wrote his famous little book, "The Holy ar Made in Germany." In this he showed that Moslems were suspicious of any alliance with Christians and that such a holy war was bound to end in a fiasco. In like manner the attempt made after the war to set up puppet kings in

the Hejaz, Transjordania and Iraq has failed to create among the Arab tribes a new loyalty to the program of Western civilization and European politics. Moreover, the introduction· of electricity and other modern improvements in the city of Mecca did not meet with favor among pious Moslems. They preferred the old regime. There was considerable complaint that, in spite of the telephone, telegrams, automobiles and other ,Vestern novelties, the pilgrims on their way to Mecca were no less subject to oppression and exploitation than in the days of Turkish domination: Ibn Saoud, the ruler of Central Arabia, is undoubtedly a man of strong character who understands the psychology of the Arab, and his warriors are not to be despised. Ibn Saoud's death was recently reported in the press, and an obituary appeared in a British periodical. The fact is that he was indeed a very sick man, but he sent for Dr. Louis P. Dame, a medical missionary of the Arabian Mission of the Reformed Church in America. Dr. Dame went to Riadh and, by his prompt and skillful attention, restored the sheikh to health. No doubt the conqueror of the Hejaz, and the mighty man of Central Arabia is grateful to the missionary and is made more friendly to these "infidels." He has already shown many marks of his favor to Dr. Paul "V. Harrison of the Arabian Mission who dedicates his recent book, "The Arab at Home," to Ibn Saoud, Ibn J eloni and Abdur Rahman Ibn Sualim, "three of my best friends." One has sympathy with the Wahabis' earnest desire for a purer religion and for a more vigorous attitude towards the encroachments of the West, but it is doubtful if they can ever realize their dreams of a return to the golden days of the Caliphs. The whole episode is another proof of the disintegration of Islam and the struggle to maintain the old against the new.

A recent cablegram announces that Amir EliI' Ali, the eldest flon of the former King Hussein of the Hejaz, has been proclaimed king in place of his father who abdicated about October 1st after concluding a truce with the "V'"ahabis. According to the terms of this truce, Ali promises to abandon all claims to the caliphate .and agrees to pay an annual subsidy to Bin Ibn Saoud. He will also sign the Anglo-Hejaz treaty as proposed by the British Government. Thus the caliphate, or the headship of Mohammedanism, is entirely separated from political power and there is now no recognized head to unite the Moslem world. Indian Mohammedans have objected to the King of the Hejaz as caliph and have welcomed the abdication of King Hussein. It is hoped that this change in government and the new treaty with Ibn Saoud and with Great Britain will end political strife in Arabia.

Since the Panama

BY REV. S. G. INMAN, NEW YORK Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin AmericlL T HE calling of the Oongress on Ohristian Work in South Amer- ica to meet at Montevideo March 29-April 8, 1925, suggests an inquiry as to the value of such gatherings and a review of what has been accomplished in cooperation since the similar meeting at Panama eight years ago.

When the Edinburgh Missionary Oonference excluded Latin America from its purview, the evangelical missions at work in those countries decided to have their own organization and conference. On looking over the situation, the first thing discovered was the lack of cooperation. When the missionary forces were organized and assembled in Panama in February, 1916, outside of Porto Rico, and a paper plan for Mexico, there were practically no interdenominational committees, schools, presses or other movements which indicated that the var·ious denominations were considering the work from any viewpoint other than their own. At Panama there was a continued insistence that the great task could be confronted only by a systematic development of cooperation among the forces ministering to Latin America.

The Congress adopted a resolution calling for the continuance and enlargement of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America. This action, in its eight sections, was subsequently accepted by the organizations concerned. American, Canadian and European Sections of the Committee were formed, made up of one representative of each cooperating society working in Latin America, together with coopted members, chosen by the committee itself, and the president and secretary of each regional committee organized in each of the fields. A memorandum was embodied in this article as follows: "It is understood that the functions of thc committee are consultative and advisory, not legislative and mandatory."

Following the Congress in Panama, deputations visited various sections of South America and the ,Vest Indies. These visits resulted in the holding of several regional conferences and the organization of seven regional committees on cooperation-one including Argentine, Uruguay and Paraguay and one each for Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Peru, Porto Rico and Cuba. Subsequently regional conferences were held in Mexico (1917), in Central America (1920) and in Venezuela (1923). A regional committee for each of these areas organized, making a total of ten such committees. These committees are directly representative of the missions on the field, each of which appoints its own representative.

869

After the findings of the Panama Congress had been accepted by the societies interested, the enlarged and reconstituted commit- tee met in New York on January 8,1917, for its first annual meeting.

A short time after the meeting at Panama, Professor Harlan P. Beach of Yale University, said: "The Panama Congress has sur- passed not only the World Congress of 1910, but all others in the speedy mobilization of the varied forces called for by the discussions and papers heard there. Not a sign of flagging interest is discernible in the various committees entrusted with large cooperative responsi- bilities in Latin America and in North America. 'rhe almost unbe- lievable work that has already been accomplished is beyond any missionary precedent. Scientifically conducted investigations, sane and frank discussions, wise conclusions prayerfully reached, followed by local application of the well planned program to local needs, constitute an achievement not reached hitherto by any great conference of Christians."

ACTIVITIES The .Committee on Cooperation acts as a clearing house and board of strategy for thirty different mission boards having work in Latin America. Its work 1ms gradually grown to include many branches and activities for it keeps a constant circle of helpful contacts and good will going through the mission boards and pushes cooperative enterprises which would otherwise languish. It maintains helpful and broadening contacts with missionaries on the field. It saves the boards much money by doing for all of them work which individual boards would otherwise have to undertake. It represents the Evangelical Church in many international movements which might otherwise overlook the importance of the Christian forces. It gives out a large amount of information to the press, schools, business concerns, and individuals concerning Latin America, keeping missionary work in these countries in the public mind. It arranges addresses and conducts classes on Latin American topics in churches, conferences, conventions and educational institutions. It is developing an ever-widening acquaintance with the intellectual leaders in Latin America and undertakes to interpret to them the spirit and purpose of Evangelical Christianity.

The following outstanding developments may be cited: First, an enlarged emphasis on Evangelical missionary work in Latin America: everyone of the boards, members of this Committee, has greatly enlarged its work during this period. This has meant also an enlarged interest in the churches at home that support this work.

Second, there has been an enlarged conception of the meaning and opportunity of mission work in these Southern countries. Many new hospitals, nursing agencies, social centers, extension of educational work into new realms and a general effort to enlarge the sphere of influence of the missionary enterprise have been developed.

Third, closer cooperation among the missionary forces: an understand-

PROGRESS SINCE THE PANAMA CONGRESS

ing as to the responsibility for the occupation of territory has been reached in practically everyone of the twenty Latin .American countries. While some societies, not members of this Committee, do not observe the rules of comity, every board that is a member not only recognizes this delimitation of territory but reports great gain in efficiency and saving of money because of it. A number of union schools and union presses have been developed as well as other institutions on a federated or united plan. Probably the greatest gain of all has been in the spirit of unity which so widely pervades the mission boards at home and the workers on the field. This spirit is not simply one of "live and let live," but is one of real working together with willingness to sacrifice smaller things for the great work of the Kingdom of God. Some of the most noble chapters in the development of missionary work have been written during the last few years in this cooperative work in Latin America. Today none of the cooperating societies would think of entering new territory or radically changing its present program without consulting its sister organizations.

Fourth, a new emphasis on literature: before the Committee's organization, while the need of Christian literature was greatly felt, there was no way of systematically developing it. This Committee has furnished the organization, through which the missions have been able to work for the development of this most needed arm for the propagation of the Gospel.

Fifth, the publication of an organ that represents Christian opinion before the Spanish-speaking world. The publishing of La Nueva Democracia is in some ways the greatest single achievement of the Committee. It has long been. recognized that such an organ was necessary for reaching the educated classes of Latin America. No single society could command the finances, or sufficient representation of all the forces, to publish such an organ. The Evangelical work has been dignified throughout Latin America because of this review. Its articles are copied by the leading publications of America and Spain. Sixth, the missionary enterprise has secured a new place in the building of international friendship. This Committee has always eschewed purely political questions. It has, however, been forced into working for Inter- American friendship, always keeping in mind that if justice and mutual understanding can beget international friendship on the American Continent, the whole world will be blest.

NEW SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS LEADERSHIP Great opportunities are offered to the Committee on Cooperation to lead in the new social movements in Latin America. The following incidents are selected out of many which illustrate this opportunity. As a result of a conference of Chilean students, held under the auspices of the Young Women's Christian Association, the students of the university requested the missionary, who was teaching English in that institution, to organize a Bible class for them and a number of the stndents in that same conference have organized a social settlement in the slnms of their city. In Brazil, the Government has requested the Committee on Cooperation to assist it in the gathering of staiistics and has invited its cooperation in the solution of the Indian problem. In Mexico, the Director of the Union Press has been appointed as official lecturer on temperance by the Government and is furnished with railroad passes and entree

into all the schools of Mexico. In Argentina the literary editor of one of the great daily papers has recently become so interested in giving Christianity to the educated classes that he has become a secretary of the Young Men's Chdstiall Association. In Colombia and in Mexico, evangelical ministers have been invited to work with the labor unions. In Guatemala, the new government has called a Protestant educator to the portfolio of education. In Peru, the Inca Indians, worn out with the persecutions from their landlords and officials, appealed in a body for help to the agent of the American Bible Society. In Cuba, the citizens of several towns have raised funds for the purchase of school property which was given to the missionary societies. The secretaries of the Committee in recent trips through South America found remarkable opportunities for helping government educators and also for presenting the spiritual message to leaders of Latin America through lectures in universities and in other ways.

DIVISION OF TERRITORIAL RESPONSIBILITY The situation on the field, as related to cooperation, has, during the Committee's life, been completely changed in practically all of the twenty Latin American republics. A well-considered division of territory has been accepted in nearly all of the fields. The most remarkable program for distribution of territorial responsibility, probably unequalled in any other mission field in the world, is that which has now been completely carried out in Mexico. In Central America each of the republics is definitely assigned as the special responsibility of a particular board. In Cuba, by the withdrawal of two Mission Boards and the readjustment of territory among others, a situation which was formerly most unsatisfactory has now been adjusted so as to eliminate almost all overlapping. In Porto Rico the excellent zone system, the only national agreement concerning territory in all Latin America before the organization of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, continues to be satisfactory. In Peru three Mission Boards have arrived at an agreement as to territory, though there are still minor difficulties to be settled. In Bolivia the same is true. In Chile the Presbyterians and Methodists, the two boards doing the greater part of the work, have, by exchanging territory, improved former agreements and eliminated overlaIlping. In Paraguay the Methodist Board has withdrawn, leaving tnat field to the Disciples of Christ. In Uruguay the Methodist Board is the only member of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America. In Argentine and Brazil, the two largest South American countrIes, there has been much readjustment between the various boards since the Panama Congress. There is yet to be worked out, however, a national division of territorial responsibility in these countries. Venezuela and Colombia are still largely the responsibility of the Presbyterian Mission Board. Ecuador, where the Christian and

PROGRESS SINCE; TIm rANA~JA CONGRESS

Missionary Alliance il:i the only hoard at work, awaits the help of another strong miRsionary organizatioll.

UNION INI:i'lTrnTlONs AND 1'EMl'KRA!-:"UE 1'he following is the list of Union Institutions developed since the Panama Congress: (1) Union theological seminaries in Mexico, Porto Rico, Chile, Argentine and Brazil; (2) Union papers and bookstores in Mexico, Porto Rico, Cuba and Chile; (3) Union literature work in Brazil and Santo Domingo; plans are now being developed for such work in Argentina; (4) a Union college and a woman's training school in Argentine; (5) federated educational work in Chile and Brazil; (6) Union hospitals in Mexico and Santo Domingo; (7) a Union organization in Santo Domingo, an entirely new plan for administering the whole work which five denominational boards support through a central administrative hody.

The Committee continues to be the channel through whi,ch the temperance forces of the United States are working' in the Latin American field. 1'he work of its secretary in Mexico lIas been particularly successful. The greatest single service rendered was in helping to secure the adoption of a program of temperance educatiOIl at the Fifth Pan-American Conference. 1'his program includes obligatory temperance education in public school, high license, clos- .ing of saloons on certain days and hours and the prevention of shipping of alcohol into prohibition countries.

BIBLl£ SCHOOLS ANJ) LIT ICRATU1,E The Sunday School Committee, recently appointed to begin the eoordination of the Sunday-sehool work in Latin America has made considerable progress. The Executive Seeretaries of the Regional Committees Oll Cooperation in Brazil, Cuba and Mexico have taken prominent parts in leading the Sunday-school forees in those countries. The dose!' coordination of all Sunday-school forces in Latin ~~merica is being' sought by the Central Committee, which is now working out complete courses in religious educ·atiou fol' both pupils and tp,achers.

The Central Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in its meeting' in Panama recently requested the Montevideo Congress to take up the question of how the Sunday-school forces of South America might be further coordinated with the general work of cooperation.

Help has also been given to those interested ill extending the Daily Vacation Bible School movement in Latin America. This has been done through the secretaries of the cooperative committees in Cuba, Porto Rico and Mexico, in all of which countries the movement this year began to be effective. A new and wide field of service is opening here.

2

Each year literature becomes a larger and more important element in the general program. It might be possible to send enough missionaries to Latin America so that the original impulse toward the Church might come to most of the people through the spoken word. Only through the printed page, however, is there the possibility of giving that further instruction and guidance which leads into the fullness of the Christian life.

The main objective of the Literature Department is to provide more and better Spanish and Portuguese literature for the Christian constituency in Latin America. In the attainment of this purpose the work of the Committee divides itself into ten distinct lines of activity: Making, subsidizing and supervising translations; securing the pUblication of these translations; enlisting the interest of qualified indigenous writers in the production of original works; subsidizing the publication of books badly needed but not commercially profitable; publication of La Nueva Dernocracia, presenting the Christian viewpoint on world problems; insuring the general circulation of good literature by the operation of a mail-order book business; the publication of books on its own account, such as the Spanish Commentary on the International Sunday School Lessons; preparing material for a regular press service for both the religious and secular press in Latin America; preparing a monthly "Sermon Material Service" for more than six hundred local pastors in Latin America; general supervision over the activities of cooperati,"e bookstores and publishing houses in Mexico, Porto Rico, Cuba, Santo Domingo, Chile and one in process of organization in Argentine.

The production of Portuguese literature, being of primary interest to Brazil, is centered in that country, the Committee in New York confining its aid to paying the salary and office expenses of Prof. Erasmo Braga, himself a distinguished writer and the head of our literature work in Brazil.

In addition to the publication of a considerable number of new books the Committee has been able to secure the re-issue of some valuable books which have long been out of print.

The influence of La N~6eva Dernocracia in Latin America is out of all proportion to its size. This is due to the fact that every month its leading articles are reproduced in the daily and periodical press of Spanish America.

STRONG INFLUENCE OF EVANGELICAL 'WORK The present development of this work and its influence will surprise those who have not followed it closely. The city of Rio de Janeiro is the largest center of the Protestant Church in the Latin world, if Paris should not be excepted. There are more than one hundred p1,'eaching points in the city and its suburbs. The Pastors' Association has a membership of sixty-five. One of the churches,

PROGRESS SINCE THE PANAMA CONGRESS

with a thousand members, has an annual budget of $15,000 and supports fourteen missions. The large dailies of Brazil give continuous notices of the evangelical work, and members of that church occupy important places in the Government. In Santiago, Chile, there are now sixty-four foreign missionaries. The two evangelical schools are counted as among the most important ethical and educational influences in all of Chile. Missionaries are called to teach in the University and occupy prominent places in social movements. In Buenos Aires the Young Men's Christian Association has over 3,000 members. On its staff are found some of the best known leaders in social reform in Argentina. Montevideo boasts of the finest Spanishspeaking evangelical church building in the world. The influence of the evangelicals is very strong, a justice of the supreme court and other men of leadership being members of that church. In Lima, Peru, one of the missionaries has been elected a regular member of the faculty of the exclusive University of San Marcos. In the City of Mexico an audience of a thousand often gathers on a Sunday evening in one of the churches, which has a Sunday-school of some eight hundred members. In Porto Rico the Evangelical Church is recognized as the most aggressive force for social reform.

The old discussion whether the simple evangelical church can ever satisfy the Latin temperament with its love for display and ceremony, or the other question whether Protestant missions to South Americans are justified or are welcomed by them-these discussions, in the light of actual developments, have ceased to have living value. In modern parlance, the Evangelical Church in South America" has arrived." A certain type of pUblicists, ecclesiastics, politicians and sentimentalists may go on ignoring or opposing this fact. But no real student of the social life of the Continent, whatever may be his likes or dislikes, will fail to recognize this growingly important situation.

Organizers of the Panama Congress and workers in the Oommittee on Oooperation in Latin America may well take courage at the part this movement has had in bringing the evangelical work to its present strength. The difference between the impact of the evangelical work in the community as seen in visits in 1914 and in 1921 is truly remarkable. It has been brought about by a united study of the task, a united program of action, the presentation of a united front before the community and a broader, more positive, more comprehensive conception of the service to be rendered.

In his most recent trip to South .America, the Executive Secretary took occasion to inquire definitely from the missionaries in each of the fields whether they thought that the regi.onal committees had accomplished their purpose and now might be allowed to disintegrate, or whether there was still a real work before them. He found unanimous and enthusiastic sentiment in favor of the work

of these committees and a feeling that they have contributed very largely to the wise development of mission work and should not only be continued but broadened in "cope. Even where misunderstandings were making cooperation very difficult, the need of it was stilI clearly recognized.

THE INDIANS OF LATIN AII'lERICA The Committee has given special attention to the needs of the millions of neglected Indians in Latin America. Two representative conferences have been held at which careful studies were reported on conditions among the Indians. At the last of tlwse, held in April, ]924, in New York, a Commission on Indian vVork was authorized. While this Commission is connected with the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, each board is asked to appoint its own special representative and the Commission expects soon to inaugurate a large program for serving the Indians.

THE PLANS FOR 1'.fONTgVIDEO In Montevideo there is planned the largest of all of the projects developed through the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America. This would be not only an interdenominational but an international institution for the graduate training of men and women for leadership in the pastorate and in the social work of the Church. The plan of this institution indicates something of the range of the Committee on Cooperation in that that work has taken into its purview not only what all the mission boards are doing, hut the whole social, ecollomic and religions conditiolls of all twenty Latin American republics. This is the only part of the ~world where a continent and a half speaks practically the same language and baR, essentially, the same problems and ideals. It is inspiring to plan a united program for a whole country. But to serve one of the great sections of the world, embracing twenty republics, is a far more challenging task.

A PRAYER FOR DELIVERANCE FROM RACE PREJUDICE By ]fORXAY VlI.T.IAMS O GOD, who hast made man in thine own likeness and who dost love all whom thou hast made, suffer us not, becauHe of differ- ence in race, color or condition, to separate ourselves from others, and thereby from thee; but teach us the unity of thy family and the universality of thy love. As thy Son, our Saviour, was born of an Hebrew mother and ministered first to His brethren of the House of Israel, but rejoiced in the faith of a Syro-Phrenician Woman and of a Roman soldier, and suffered His cross to be carried by a man of Africa; teach us, also, while loving and serving our own, to enter into the communion of the whole human family; and forbid that, from pride of birth and hardness of heart, we should despise any for whom Christ died, or injure any in whom He lives. Amen.

A Moslem View of

BY THE REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., F.R.G.S., CAIRO, EGYPT Editor of The Moslem World NOTHING more clearlv indicates the trend ot Moslem thought and the vortex caus~d by the currents and countercurrents in their intellectual life than the lfoslem press. The strict censorship in the Near East has not entirely ceased, but the Mohammedans of London, esper·ial1y the group represented by "the W oking Mosquc," are permitted to speak freely, while some Christian books and newspaper artieles are at times suppressed by the British authorities in India and Egypt, for fear of offending Mohammedan susceptibilities. There are, however, Christian susceptibilities also to be considered.

It is interesting' to pick up, for example, a sample copy of The Islamic Review, published for the last twelve years in English, as a monthly and edited by Khwaja Kamal-ud-din. The number before us contains on its title page a picture of the interior of the Mosque at ,Voking, Surrey, England, with pulpit, reading stand and the usual Mohammedan decorations. On the back cover of the magazine the Paris Book Club advertises its famous edition de luxe of "The Life of Mohammed the Prophet of Allah," printed on Japanese vellum! This one-sided and untrustworthy contribution to the glory of the Arabian prophet, illuminated and printed on J apanese vellum, is offered at £18 sterling per copy, or on ordinary paper at £8. The advertising pagcs are largely devoted to a series of books and tracts dealing with Mohammedanism, the Arabic language and the progress of Islam, including the new English translation of the "Holy Koran" with Arabic text and commentary by Mohammad Ali-a sort of "Oxford Bible" for Moslems.

The leading article in the number before us is entitled "The Life of ,Jesus." The writer, who is also editor of the Islamic Review, is the leading spirit in the Ahmadiyya Movement in England, and his answer to the question, "vVhat think ye of OhrisO" leaves no doubt in the mind of the reader. He looks upon Jesus as a Jewish Rabbi, the Head, but not the founder of the Ohurch which bears His name. He was a Moslem in that He subjected Himself to the Law of Moses .and "made entry into the kingdom of heaven exclusively dependent on the observance of the Old Testament. He did not preach the religion of 'Atonement and Blood,' but the religion of 'Obedience and Commandment.' With him the law is a blessing and not n curse as Paul would make it.. The Sermon on the MOllnt teaches a creed of faith translated iIlto actions, and not the creed of faith without actions as Luther says. 111 a word, ,Jesus taught Islam 877

and not Christianity. He was a thorough Moslem and scrupulously zealous of Islam-implicit submission to Divine laws and complete obedience to commandments of God."

Like other Mohammedans, this writer teaches that Paul the "implacable enemy of Jesus" changed his religion and paganized it by borrowing from the Greek and Roman mythology. By misquoting the Epistles, he represents Paul as inventing a Christianity of a new type and by doubtful methods winning over a large number of adherents. "He would speak of the law among his own people to avoid their opposition, but he would call it a curse when he had to address the unlawful Romans. His antecedents had left him no chance of success among the Jews, and he could not win over the Greeks without allowing them neither to observe the law nor to keep themselves 'from things offered to idols and from blood and from strangled' " (sic).

"He went to inform them of a new God incarnate. Jupiter had come again in the person of the son of the Virgin Mary. No wonder if the new Zeus was hailed everywhere in the land of myth, and the elders at Jerusalem glorified God when Paul' declared what things God had wrought among the Gentiles by his ministry.' Unfortunately the workers in foreign missions follow the anti-Christian footsteps of this arch-innovator to the beautiful and simple religion of Jesus. In India, sometimes they try to identify Christ with Krishna, a Hindu deity. They ask the Hindus only to accept Christ for Krishna, and go in their own ways." This is an astonishing statement but it is even more startling to read that foreign missions are contrary to the very spirit of Jesus. Mr. Kamal-ud-din says, "'The religion of Moses did not allow proselytizing, and Jesus, who observed scrupulously everything of the law, stuck to it up to the end of his life. Foreign missions are a downright insult to his own ways and practice. If he refrained from giving 'children's bread to dogs,' foreign missions is simply a heresy. In justification some one perhaps may refer to Mark, chapter 16: 'And he said unto them Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature.' But the last ten verses of St. Mark, which include this quotation as fifteenth verse, are decidedly a forgery."

Not only is St. Paul accused of inserting the spirit of propagandism into the simple teachings of Jesus but he invented a new Christ, no longer human, as He is in the Synoptists, but equal in glory to God. All his teachings in regard to our Saviour are an innovation which should be rejected.

"The Jesus of the four Gospels is contradistinct from the Jesus of St. Paul. The theory of the fall of Adam, the reconciliation of the offended deity with the sons of Adam, the new and old Adam, the atonement, Divine commandments, a curse to humanity as bringer of death into the world, the grace of blood to substitute the old curse,

A MOSLEM VIEW OF CHRISTIANITY

i. e., the Laws of God-almost all these things are more or less Pauline heresies absolutely unknown to Jesus himself and his disciples. "

The writer goes on to misquote or misinterpret a number of texts regarding the humanity of Jesus as a proof against His Deity. "Jesus never claimed godhood Himself. That the Christ of the Church which received its birth from Pauline brain was strange to even Jesus Himself, is borne out by the first three gospels of the Synoptic record. I have read them many a time with all the reverence that Jesus can claim from a Moslem mind for a prophet. With all the liberal interpretation which one can put to his words on record, I failed to find anything in them which may make him a deity. 'Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and Him only thou shalt serve.' 'Why callest thou me good, none is good save one, that is God.' "This is life eternal that they might know thee, the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom thou hast sent.' 'The Lord our God is one Lord. l "

The miracles of Christ are admitted but they are minimized by emphasizing the fact that He was unable to work any miracles without the help of God as was the case in all other prophets.

All this, however, is only preparatory to the real crux of the article and of the Moslem controversy. The stumbling block of the Cross always remains the great denial, without distinction of sect or of education in all Islam. The heart of the Christian message, viz., that Jesus Christ died for our sins, according to Scripture, is denied or perverted, or explained away. We read: "The doctrine of Atonement is another Pauline heresy to the religion of Jesus. Had He come to wash man's sin with His blood, His conduct all through His life should have been quite different from what we read of Him concerning His crucifixion. We find a change in all His movements after He had heard of His arrest contemplated by the Jews. He avoids public notice, and if recognized would ask His visitors not to tell others of Him. One who came to redeem the fallen man should have given Himself up willingly into the hands of His enemies, and Judas Iscariot would have been saved the ignominy of betraying his master. If the scene at Calvary was a Divine Dispensation, and the Grave of Blood had been ordained to give revelation to aNew Epiphany, the betrayer should have been blessed rather than cursed."

Christ's death was not voluntary but "He resigned Himself to those who sought His death." All the teachings of Jesus, this Moslem writer says, give the lie to any theory of the Atonement. "If Jesus came to make us 'free from sin,' and we become the servants of righteousness, why should He enjoin upon every person to teach the law and observe the commandments ~ To the young man who came to Him and said, 'Master, how can I be saved?' Jesus speaks

of ten commandments and orders him to observe them. For the same He refers His own disciples to the Scribes' as they are in the seat of Moses.' In all His utterances there is not a single word which may give countenance to the theory of atonement, excepting what He said when He sat in the last Passover-for this is My blood of the New Tefitament which is shed for many for the remission of sins. The ~words are simple, and do not carry any such meanings to an Eastern mi1(1 whieh may be construed to raise the building of a new diq)(,llRation." The meaning intended here is not very clear.

'l'he facts of the ('rueifixion and the Resurrection are flatly denied. "The resurrection is another myth forced upon the otherwise simple and humane life of .Jesus. 'Ve read it in the New Testament, but one should not forget that the first four Evangelists relate their own impressions of the case rather than what actually occurred. 'Miracles never happen,' says Renan, 'but in times and countries in which they are believed and before persons disposed to believe them.' Excepting Matthew, the first Evangelists were not eye-witnesses of .the scene. Their first authorities were men whose low intellect and want of ('.ammon sense often brought rebuke from their Master, who often and often ~'as ('ompelled to explain His meaning'S in parables and similes."

Modernist writers and rationalists are quoted as authority against any belief in a literal resurrection, and the writer concludes that "Jesus did not die on the Cross. Death-like swoon overtook Him, from which He recovered and went to Galilee in the guise of a gardener. In the light of present-day learning, one should not be carried away by the illusions of the fishermen Apostles. They might be honest, but it does not prove the validity of their inferences."

Even the ascension is explained away after the manner of the higher critics. "He certainly did not come out of the sepulchre as conqueror of death, but as 'an absconder' who chanced to escape the penalty of the law and was afraid of being brought to it. His conduct subsequent to the events at Calvary show the same."

"One should not wonder at His sudden disappearance in clouds. The place of His supposed ascension was on the top of the hill, as I was shown, when I went there. To those who have been to hill stations, it is a common-day experience. People walk in clouds and sometimes become shrouded into them when the clouds are of sufficient density. They seem to disappear into clouds to those at a distance. Jesus could not stay any longer in .Jerusalem to save Himself from the further persecution of the Rabbis. He disappeared from the scene and hmdened to all Essene monastery by the Brook Kareth, as the Ipg·em1 }JlIhliNIH'(] hy Ueol'g·e Moore shows. The legend can be traced to the secoud 0)' third century."

The last reference is to the Ilotorious novel by George J[oore which also denies the death of our Lord and His resurrection.

A MOSLEM VIEW OF CHRIS'l'IANITY

Following this account of Jesus Christ is an article by an English convert to Islam, Khalid Sheldrake, who writes of "Mohammed as a true man" who worshiped God devotedly and was in every respect an ideal. We are astonished to find that he was a "model husband," that he avoided all luxury and vanity and was the very mouth-piece of God. "In the sight of God He was a perfect man and the world was thrilled by the utterances of His lips." The message Mohammed gave to the world "has remained unsullied in its original purity to this very day."

-How pure that message was can be learned only from Mohammedan sources of the Prophet's life and teachings which in many cases are untranslatable for polite readers. In this very number of The Islamic Review one of Mohammed's followers, Mohammed Bakhsh, B.A., writes an appeal for polygamy in which he truly interprets the old crude sensual views held by the Arabs. The reasons assigned for the necessity of polyg'amy today are the casualities of the War which have reduced the ratio of men to women tenfold. The writer corredly states that "the Moslem law of polygamy asserts its superiority over the law of monogamy. It asks why we should not marry two, three or four women to get out of this difficulty, and save the honor of many persons of both the sexes. In this way a great number of the souls who are led to the early grave through no fault of theirs, but simply to save the honor of their immortal parents, will be saved; and also these unions will bear fruit which will help in time to solve this problem."

Such is the progTess of Islam in London and these are the arguments that are intended to convince Europeans of the present necessity for the religion of Islam!

A third article is by an educated Negro of West Africa, formerly baptized a Christian and now apostate. A portrait of this writer on "Islamic Ascendancy" is given as a frontispiece. Prof. Abdul K.arim Kpakpa-Quartey seeks to establish the thesis that "Islam is an enormous advance on human education and spiritual development. This cannot he disputed, even hy its malicious opponents. It embraces all the branches of human knowledge and research-theology, medicine, history, astronomy, grammar, economics, physics, racial philosophy and racial psychology. It is an important educator on all systems of purely human origin, and its creed adores, worships and acknowledges the great Divine Architect of the Universe, in the sublimest, loftiest and most divine expression, never to be found in the liturgy of other religions."

He says that Christians have spoken disparagingly of the merits of I.;lam, but for thirteen hundred years it has proved its wonderful power in history and development. The Crescent will give illumination to the dark recesses of human thought. Christianity has been hopelessly divided, but Islam remains a unit. The strongest proof

for its divine origin is its triumph. "If the divinity of a religion may be inferred from the variety of races among whom it has been diffused, and the strength of its hold upon their national, social and political life and customs, then there is positively no other religion that can prefer greater and more substantial claims than Islam, which has found its way from Mecca and Constantinople to Persia, Turkey, China, Egypt, India, England, France and across the desert to the remotest parts of the land of Ethiopia, Sahara, Timbuctoo, East, ViTest, North, Central and Equatorial Africa, and is still going, without the aid of missionaries here and there."

One reads with sympathy what this writer has to say on the cruel treatment of the black man by the white race, especially in some sections of the world. He speaks of the atrocities, lynchings and tortures which his race have endured at the hands of the Christians in the Southern States. The Negro, he writes, "is still liable to be brutally flogged, kicked, knocked about, imprisoned, shot dead or lynched, at the will and pleasure of the bloodthirsty and savage American tin god."

It is· with some show of truth that he calls attention to the striking contrast between Christianity and Islam in the treatment of the black race today. The echo of every cry of injustice is heard today where the black races dwell and we must not expect a lenient judgment on the part of those who naturally are eager to use every argument they can find against the Message of the Gospel and the people who profess and call themselves Christians.

What does the Islamic Review think of missions in Africa ~ After quoting a paragraph from "The Light of Faith" (sic) on the a Sudan United Mission, the comment is that the rapid progress which Islam is making is creating feeling of jealousy in missionary circles. They are doing their best to check the advance of Islam, "The Christian missionaries are seriously launching new schemes to extend their propaganda to the territories which were hitherto 'without the Gospel, but open to Islam.' Now, what should the Moslems do is a question of great moment; and we leave its answer to the Moslems of the world, who, as true believers, are enjoined by the Holy Koran to preach the religion they have themselves accepted, to the whole of mankind."

The Islamic Review is for Christians a conclusive answer to the question "Why should we carryon missions to Moslems 1" It is imperative. The issue is clearly defined, there can be no compromise. Islam is not a stepping stone to Christ, but a barrier. The IsDamic Review indicates what we face in Africa and Asia and why we must be true to our Message and to our Divine Saviour. Will the Christian forces meet by faith and prayer and sacrifice the challenge of Islamic propagandism ~

Papago Indians-People of the

BY MRS. F. S. HERNDON, TUCSON, ARIZONA Missionary of the Pl'esbyterian Chmch to the Papago Indians T HE Papago Indians still occupy that portion of the great Sonora Desert upon which they were living in the seventeenth century, when the wilderness of the southwest was first pene- trated by early explorers and zealous priests. No definite boundary was given to their domain until 1917, when the Honorable Cato Sells, then Commissioner of Indian Affairs, secured their possession of this land by having it reserved. Early historians called the conn- try Pimeria Alla, or Papagueria. The Pima and the Papago Indians were originally one tribe. Internal strife caused a division; the larger body, no doubt, being given choice of location and remaining in the valley of the Gila, while the smaller company was apportioned the arid land. The Papagoes became pioneers in dry farming, and the desert taught them how to be resourceful. They have never re- ceived rations nor had their self-respect abused by unearned favors from the Government. They are industrious, even thrifty in native devices alid habits.

The Rev. ChaB. H. Cook, D.D., settled among the Pimas in 1869 and God used him to accomplish much for the redemption of the Red Man. His far-reaching sympathy endeared him to white settlers and Mexicans who would have been glad to divert him from his calling but he never wavered in devotion to the Pimas. The Papagoes looked on with wonder at what God was doing for their kinsmen and they wanted a missionary to live with them and be their teacher. In 1900 Chief Pablo's daughter, Jessie, an ex-pupil of the Indian Training School at Tucson, traveled across the desert to voice these yearnings to the Superintendent of the school: "Send us a missionary like Dr. Cook." The Protestant Church was doing nothing for her people, and the pupils were allowed to drift away from all the gracious influence of relig'ious care.

God spoke to us in His quiet, unmistakable voice, and in answer we left the Indian school in 1903 to make our home in a little Indian camp adjacent to Tucson, the headquarters of the mission.

The first church organization was effected in 1906 and the first church building was then dedicated as a memorial to John Eliot, the Apostle to the American Indians. A beautiful tablet erectea by Mr. and Mrs. Ralph L. Cutler of Brooklyn bears witness to his faith which has been ours through all the years: "Prayer and pains, through faith in Jesus Christ, will accomplish anything. "

In this faith we have been winning victories in the conflict with repulsive evils, degenerating practices, sinful and retarding customs, 883

and the slavish superstitions of the Indians. There are now five or- ganized churches to whom native pastors minister. A new station recently opened seems so encouraging in its prospect, that we long to press forward into other new places. The villages are scattered and long distances must be covered by the missionary in charge of the field. With native missionaries at strategic points a long-neg- lected people may hear the news of salvation.

"What have they against us ~" was the startling question, asked by an Indian woman in a wondering way at the slowness of the Church to carry the "Good News" to all. It is the cry of the hungry-the hungry, thirsty people of the desert.

As a result of the great work done by the Rev. Chas. H. Cook, D.D., the pioneer missionary to the Pima Indians, Sacaton now boasts that she has the largest Indian Presbyterian church in Amer- ica. Jessie told me how the Holy Spirit sought out the brother of J essie, the chief's daughter, who was groping in darkness, with a heart yearning for the light. After the manner of the Mexicans he had learned to revere the saints, and had purchased a picture at great sacrifice, for the little Indian "key," or house, in which he lived. He wished to do still greater honor to this picture, to invite his friends to participate in the worship, and planned to have a fiesta, but had no money to defray expenses. Thus he was led to Sacaton to earn the money and there he met Dr. Cook from whom he learned the truth. He went back to his people to tell them that the worship they were bestowing upon the picture was idolatry. Though he died soon afterward the little candle God had lighted for the Papagoes kept on burning' and .Jessie, his sister, became the first Bible Reader in this Papago country. In answer to her earnest appeals the Protestant mission for the Papago Indians was opened in 1903.

The Papagoes live in small villages scattered over a great stretch of desert country. They try to do dry farming and own a few cattle. The rainfall is semi-annual and although not greater than on other deserts the fact that there are two rainy seasons in a year makes this" the greenest desert in the world." Two years ago, however, a thousand head of cattle perished for want of pasture and water. The Indians had to leave their homes for a season in search of these and many of them took their little herds to a yalley near a reservoir where the thirsty cattle made a rush to drink. On one occasion 11r. Herndon saw here more than two hundred head of dead and dying cattle and horses. Too weak to help themselves they would turn their eyes to us with a look of entreaty. We could have saved the'ir lives with a little water.

SpirituaUy also the people perish for lack of water, the Water of Life. More than fifty years ago Dr. Cook took the Gospel to the Pimas, kinfolk of these desert people, and about twenty years

THE PAPAGO IJT})IA'S–PEOPLE OF THE DESERT

ago the Presbyterian Mission fOl' the Papagoes was opened. Since then five small churches have been built. '1'he villages are many and scattered, most of them i"malllikc the little fields fonced ill for cultivation. The difficulties in the way of mission work are analogous to those of the agriculturist. We furnished the beans for a poor man to plant his field in July. 'l'here was a promising rain, but it was followed by a dry spell, and he harvested fewer beans than he had planted. But he will plant this same field another year. Likewise we, the sowers of the Gospel seed must keep up our planting. "Be not weary in well doing," saith a voice from heaven, "for in due season ye shall reap if ye faint not.' 'Like the native desert plants the people have developed" spines," and are hard to approach. The native missionary is most efficient and under the direction of the "pale face" much may be accomplished.

There is no stream of water flowing through the desert, only a few of these carriers of Diving Water. Recently a man was placed at Big Fields. We stepped out on Faith that God would provide the salary. God is surpassing our faith in the opportunities afforded him for Scripture reading, prayer, and precept. A few of our Christians are planning to give these people Christmas cheer and tell them the story of God's great Gift to the wodd.

ONE OF MARY SLESSOR'S BIBLES (From "Mary Slessor of Calabar," Georg-e H. Doran Co" PubHshers) Mary Siessor, of Calabar, one of the most interesting heroines and pioneers of modern missions, was an earnest student of the Bible, as may be seen from the accompanying illustration. In the midst of a fierce, superstitious, and ignorant people, she achieved the "impossible," because of her faith in God and the strength she drew from the study of His Word.

The pages of Mary Slessor '8 Bibles bear eloquent witness to the care and frequency with which this missionary heroine studied the Eternal Word. Is your Bible marked in this way1"-Walther Leagne Messenger.

A STREET IN GUAYAQUIL BEING PAVED BY THE AMERICAN ASPHALTING

Ecuador-A Missionary Challenge BY WEBSTER E. BROWNING, Ph.D. Euucational Socretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America T HE Republic of Ecuador, which lies south of Colombia and north of Peru, has the general shape of a triangle with the base resting on the shore of the Pacific Ocean, while the apex crosses the "Cordillera de los .I'llides" and extends do,,'ll the eastern slopes to the sources of the Amazon. The altitude thus rnns from sea level to the summits of mighty Chimborazo and Cotopaxi, two snowy giants of the Andes, and offers all shades of climate from the heat of the tropics to the extreme cold of the mountains. Quito, the capital, a city of 100,000 population, lies almost on the Equator but has a delightful climate because of its altitude of more than 9,000 feet above the sea.

Although the boundaries of the republic are not yet definitely fixed, and vast territories in the interior are still the subject of dispute with neighboring nations, its continental area, already conceded, would equal the combined area of the States of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island, or a little more than 216,000 square miles. Should its own pretensions be justified, this almost unknown and little appreciated South American republic would have an area of about 276,000 square miles or equal to that of the States of Ohio, Illinois, Wisconsin, Indiana, Michigan and West Virginia, with Hawaii and the District of Columbia thrown in for good measure.

886

1924J ECUADOR-A MISSIONARY CHALLENGE

The total population is not known with exactness, but is reck- oned from 1,500,000 to 2,000,000. Of the total, considerably more than half are pure Indians, many more thousands have Indian blood in their veins, and the pure European population is relatively scant. Most of the Indians are partially civilized, since they live in regions frequented by the white man; but, on the eastern slopes of the Andes, in the hot region that extends to the banks of the Amazon, there are at least 200,000 who are as wild and savage as were their ancestors when Christopher Columbus first landed on the W est ern continent.

Among these tribes are the "Jibaros," generally referred to as the Headhunters, whose macabre collections consist of the heads of their enemies, which, by some gentle art known only to themselves, are shrunk to the size of the human fist, yet retaining the physiognomy so true to life as to be readily recognizable. These gruesome trophies are handed down from generation to generation, as were the scalps of their enemies by the Indians of North America. They are regarded as proofs of valor in war, but may still be bought by the curiosity hunter, in spite of legislation to the contrary.

Of all the countries of Latin AN ANCIENT CROSS IN THE STREET OF QUI TO America, Ecuador has had least contact with the outer world, and in consequence still lives and moves far back in the Middle Ages. One cause of this hermitlike existence has been the fevers and other pestilences which became endemic along the coast and only lately, through the efforts of the Rockefeller Institute, under the direction of Surgeon-General Gorgas, have been overcome. Guayaquil, in particular, although the principal port of entry into the republic, was so infected with yellow fever that an assignment to live in this city was considered almost equivalent to cond _mnation to a certain and speedy death. The city has now been cleansed of disease, is paving its streets and planning new parks and boulevards, and bids fair to become one of the most attractive and healthful cities on the west coast of South America.

A second and more potent cause of the backwardness of Ecuador in the concert of nations has been the persistently pernicious

influence of an obscurant ecclesiastical organization which has steadily opposed all efforts to hring the country into line with other progressive nations of the eoutincnt und ImOl fought to muiutuiu it::; OWll supremacy in matters of state with a supreme indifference to the will and conscience of the people. The Concordat which was signed between a too subservient conservative Government and the Vatican, in 1863, practically made the State a vassal of the Pope. Education, in particular, was handed over to the clergy and this will explain, in very large measure, the present situation of the country as regards public instruction. Two Articles of that now discredited and discarded Concordat merit reproduction here, as showing the extremes to which this particular ecclesiastical organization will go when it finds a government that is too weak to resist its demands. They read: "Article 1. The Roman Catholic and Apostolic Religion shall continue to be the religion of the republic of J<Jcuador, and it shall conserve forever all the privileges and prerogatives which belong to it, according to the Law of God and the Canonical rules. Consequently no other, heretical, worship shall be permitted, nor the existence of Hny society condemned by the Church.

"Article II. The instruction of the youth in the universities, colleges, faculties, and public and private schools, shall conform in all respects to the Catholic doctrine. In order that this may be assured, the Bishops shall have the exclusive right to designate the texts that shall be used in giving instruction, both in the ecclesiastical sciences and in the moral and religious teaching.

"In addition, the diocesan prelates shall conserve the right to censure and prohibit, by means of pastoral letters and prohibitive decrees, the circulation of books or publications, of any nature whatsoever, which offend the dogma or the discipline of the Church or public moralR.

"r1'he Government shall also be watchful and shall adopt the necessary measures to prevent the propagation of such literature in the country."

It was, probably, in the spirit of the last clause of the Article just cited that a customs' officer declared to E'rancisco Penzotti, when he asked permission to introduce the first case of Bibles through the port of Guayaquil, "While stands great Chimborazo, that book shall not enter this country."

However, on my arrival at this port, I turned over to a mis- Hionary five large cases of Bibles and portions, which the Agent of the American Bible Society in Colon had requested me to deliver. The customs' officer merely inquired of the missionary the contents of the cases, and on being informed, passed them without even the formality of an inspection. Yet great Chimborazo still stands!

It was interesting to learn, too, that, as a proof of the total reversal of the attitude of the Government toward religious work other than that of the dominant Church, foreign priests and nuns are not allowed to land in the country, but no restriction is placed on workers of other faiths. Now and then a zealous governor of the province of Guayaquil tries to apply the law to Protestant missionaries, only to be told very curtly by the Government in the capit(ll that they are not referred to by the decree.

ECUADOR-A MISSIONARY CHALLENGE

A HALF CIVILIZED INDIAN IN ECUADOR AN INDIAN WOMAN IN ECUADOR Probably baptized into the Catholic Church but Selling strawb8rries on the railway between still pagan in faith and practice Guayaquil and Quito It is said that General Eloy Alfaro, to whom is due, in large measure, the present liberal Constitution, owed his ideas and broadness of vision to the study of a Bible which was given him by a missionary who was a fellow-traveler on one of the coast steamers. One of his closest friends recently assured the writer that the General did not allow a day to go by without reading at least a chapter from the Book, and that his liberal statecraft was largely due to this study. But he was finally betrayed into the hands of his enemies, was shot by the soldiers while imprisoned in Quito, and his body, after being dragged through the streets, together with the bodies of a number of his political friends, who perished with him, was burned without the city_ The Constitution which he secured from Congress in 1906 is still in force and guarantees, to all, citizens or foreigners, complete liberty of conscience, in all its aspects and manifestations; liberty of thought and the expression of the same by word or through the press; and free instruction Of the youth of the land in schools from which all ecclesiastical intervention has been banished. No church is recognized as having peculiar prerogatives over any other.

3

THE lUSSlONAHY BEVIEW OJ.' THE WOI:LD

As regards present-day edttcation, the statistics published by the Government, for 1919, show that 92,500 children were in attend- ance on the primary schools of the country, and that from this de- partment less than 2,000 passed into the secondary or high schools. All schools of secondary grade are for the instructiOn of boys and young men, including four which are under the control of the Jesuits or other teaching Orders. In all the republic there is no school in which a girl may continue her studies beyond the very elementary primary schools, unless she wishes to become a teacher and enters one of the two Normal Schools for women.

There are four universities, no one of which has a home of its own, although the Central University, in Quito, is now constructing a handsome building in the center of the city. Each of these uni- versities is merely a cluster of professional schools, and in one of them there is but a single faculty-that of law. The total registry of university students in all the republic reaches 747. They are di- vided among the various faculties as follows: law, 297; medicine, 261; science, 69; pharmacy, 46; dentistry, 37; obstetrics, 23; and nursing, 11. Only two women are registered in the university and both are studying medicine, one in Quito and the other in Guayaquil. The annual income for the four universities is put down as $184,000 American gold, and is derived from taxes on alcohol and tobacco. The secondary schools are supported, iu great part, from taxes on lottery tickets and alcohol.

The vital statistics show that 70,397 births were registered in the country in a recent year, of which number 22,325, or nearly one third, were set down as illegitimate. Of the 20,012 persons married during the same year, only 8,246 could sign the marriage registry.

Up to the present time the country remains, as it long has been, a striking challenge to the Christian forces of North America.

n is one of the republics on the ""Vestern continent in which they have invested the least. Its social, moral and spiritual needs have cried out more loudly and more insistently than have those of any other country to the south of the Rio Grande, but they have had no answer save the echo of their own crying.

This does not mean that no Christian work has been done within the country. Both the American and British Bible Societies are represented, and, in addition, the "Gospel and Missionary Union," of Kansas, of which Mr. George Fisher was for many years the head. The "Christian and Missionary Alliance," founded by Dr. Simpson, has sent out a number of workers," and the "Seventh Day Adventists" now have a small work in Quito and exert considerable influence through the sale of literature. A number of Independents have • The Christian and Missionary Alliance has recently sent out four new recruits, thus bringM ing their missiouary staff up to sixteen (eight men and eight women). They also plan to buy property and ere<::t a. .building for QUito which will include chapel, primary- school, book and! press room, and two missionary homes. The reinforcements have been sent with reference to extension wol"'k in the unoccupied region from Quito northward to the Colombia border.

ECUAVOR- A MISHIOXARY CIlALI,ENGE

also wrought with utter loyalty to the truth as they have conceived it, but a lack of financial support has cut the nerve of effort of aU these workers and but little impact has been made on the country as a whole. A census of the evangelicals in Ecuanor, exclusive ()f foreigners, after a qua.rter of a century of this desultory labor, would n{lt give a total of more than 75 persons, and the value of all Protestant church property can not exceed a few thousand dollars.

Anyone of the strong Boards going into Ecuador will find the doors wide open to all forms of sane missionary endeavor, but educational and social work would be the best methods of approach at the beginning. School s a re needed, as the above statistics show- HEADQUARTEllS OF ~'HE CHRTSTTAN AND MTsSrONARY ALLIAN~E IN MONTECRISTO ECUADOR • especially a good school for girls– and could be immediately opened in the larger centers with every probability of almost complete selfsupport. In this way, as in no other, the influential classes could be reached and their sympathy secured for a wider programme of service. Hospitals and dispensaries would be welcomed by all and would pave the way for the opening of evangelistic work throughout the country. Cooperation with the forces already on the field would conserve the effort already expended and avoid friction through the introduction of new workers. The work among the Indians should be treated as special and would demand a large number of industrial schools. This is such an important and difficult problem that it must be left to a separate article.

While in Ecuador on a recent visit the writer had the privilege of meeting a number of the influential citizens, including the newly

elected President, and of discussing with them the possibility of introducing well-organized evangelical work into the country. Without exception these men showed interest in the plan and expressed their desire to help in any way possible. 'rhe President, as he concluded the interview, said, "Count on me, officially as well as privately, for any help you or those whom you represent may need in carrying out any programme that tends to ennoble and elevate the' people of my land." This same sentiment was expressed by others who occupy less exalted positions, but with the same seeming earnestness and good will.

About one hundred years ago, .Tames Thomson, Scotchman, representative of the Lancasterian Schools and the British and Foreign Bible Society, entered Ecuador and, after spending some time in Quito, wrote his Boards in London, as follows: "The present is a very interesting and very critical period for this country. Much, very much, may be done at present, through prudent and zealous means, to instruct and confirm the wavering and even, perhaps, bring back those who have apostatized from the faith. If these measures were connected with instruction, as far as can be done, regarding the true principles and practices of Christianity, as taught in the Holy Scriptures, a very plentiful harvest, through the blessing of God, might be reaped. If it should please the Lord to spare me and to enable me to reach my native land in safety, I trust that I shall find many ready to lend their aid towards such a sacred object."

The challenge thrown out by Thomson, a hundred years ago, was not accepted by the evangelical Christianity of Great Britain, and is now passed on to the Christi~n forces of North America.

Converted Priests in Brazil O VER sixty years ago, when the first Presbyterian mission- aries arrived in Brazil, they came into contact with a priest named Jose Manuel de ConQei'Qao. He soon discovered that his own beliefs were more in conformity with their teachings than with those of the Roman Church. He therefore affiliated himself with the newcomers, and was admitted to membership.

Four former Roman Catholic priests are now ministers of the Protestant Church in Brazil. The older one, Rev. Hippolyto de Campos, has been for many years a devoted pastor in thEl Methodist Church. The two standing have recently been converted. One of them, Sr. Ziller, is now an instructor in Granberry College. The most notable of the recent accessions is probably Dr. Victor Coelho de Almeida, a member of two of the best families of Brazil,. So greatly has the priesthood fallen into disrepute that it is now largely composed of men of foreign origin, Italian, German, and French.

.Dr. Victor Coelho de Almeida went abroad for his education,

1924J CONVERTED PRIESTS IN BRAZIL

spending seven years in Rome and on his return at the age of 24, he was appointed Rector of the Theological Seminary of the Diocese of Rio de Janeiro. After several years in this post, he became vicar of an important parish in the center of the city, where he was most active and untiring in the discharge of his duties. He was a member of the Papal Council of Vigilance, a secret body of seven, presided over by the Cardinal Archbishop. He founded the Catholic organ" A Uniao" and in 1910 was a delegate to the Church Congress at Milan.

In 1913 he bega'n to realize how far from the spirit of the Gospel were the religious leaders he had followed. A close study of the New Testament heightened this conviction so that he resigned from all his offices and withdrew from the priesthood. For five years he supported himself by teaching in an interior town. In Holy Week of 1919, he had returned to Rio and seeing in the secular press a notice of services in the Presbyterian Church, he and his wife attended. At the close of the service, he introduced himself to Rev. Alvaro Reis and was soon afterward received into the membership of the church. Later he was accepted as a candidate for the ministry, and was ordained, after giving ample evidence of his sincere piety and knowledge of the teachings of Jesus. His address, stating his reasons for leaving the Roman Catholic priesthood, was published in the secular papers and made a profound impression. Dr. Victor is now one of the professors in the Union Theological Seminary of Rio de Janeiro and is greatly used as an evangelist.

FOUR FORMER ROMAN CATHOLIC PRIESTS IN BRAZIL, NOW MEMBERS OF THE EVANGELICAL CHURCH

One Missionary Works in

BY REV. CHARLES ERNEST SCOTT, D.D., TSINAN FU, SHANTUNG Missionary o·f the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., 1906· – ; Author of "Answered Prayer in China," "China from Within," Etc.

I T would seem as if there is no valid reason, according to the Bible standard, for any missionary of Christ to be in China, unless he is, in spirit, what Dr. Hunter Corbett called "incorrigibly evangelistic. "

Keeping such an ideal in mind, and realizing the appalling lostness of the soul of the Chinese race, one will be constantly on the lookout for evangelistic opportunities. That "motif" will determine how one does his work. The evangelistic itinerat0r has extraordinary experiences-dramatic or bizarre, sometimes amusing, pathetic or instructive; frequently sorrow-bringing, sometiines exciting, but always interesting.

I I On the road" the evangelistic missionary may expect some unusual invitations, strange habitations, in out-of-the-way places. The method of procedure is largely determined also by the physical and spiritual condition of his field; whether it be on the plain or among the mountains; crossed by wide, bridgeless rivers or mountain tOrTents. Is his work among monks and merit-working devotees ~ Does it take him into big' walled cities among' the gentry and literati; into the yamens of magistrates and officials; to the merchants and crowds in market towns; to the semi-annual temple fairs; or to the villages, where he learns the intimate life of people ~ However great the variety of circumstances and settings, his purpose will be constant, like Paul's: "By all means tu save some."

Among the country folk in China sights and happenings are always new. The missionary can be led into the most amazing and undreamed-of revelations of Chinese life. These often mean new openings for the Gospel if the missionary is keen to see and to seize them.

Never was the foolishness of the mere worldly wisdom illustrated more clearly than when a prominent official of a foreign government recently told an audience of missionaries in China that they were wasting their lives upon "unimportant people" when they sought to convert and educate peasants, villagers, and the like, in place of devoting their energies to reaching "key people," men of importance, like gentry and literati and officials. It is the same fallacy that led Constantine and Charlemagne astray. This official did not know that the evangelist :who has probably won more Chinese students than any other human· to the Christian ministry was formerly an ordinary urchin in an unknown village and won to Jesml by a missionary showing interest in him.

894- A TRA VIJlLTNG BAND OF' PREACHERS OF THF: CHIN,ESE CHRISTIAN CHURCH IN SHANTUNG Tilt' on e marked X iH Mr. Li Fu H s iang, a s trong Christian l eude r

The necessary thing for the missionary is to get close to people "on the road," or in the villages and to bear witness to Christ in faith that no seed planted in love and prayer will come to naught.

Let none think that the time for personal evangelism in mis~ sionary work is passing away or ought to pass, in favor of the so-called "larger statesmanship of missions," such as is seen in large educational and institutional work, with more elaborate equip~ ment. The surface of the problem of evangelizing China has as yet hardly been scratched-vast regions are still touched by the Gospel; many villages and market towns are still unvisited; even great and ancient walled cities have not yet been entered. There is 'much land yet to be possessed. Some of the methods that God has used in China to win men and women to Christ will best show how a missionary works to plant the good Seed and to gather the fruit.

One April I was in a village, where lived a boy, not a Christian, but an inquirer, who was home from our high school for Easter vacation. A foreigner had never been in his home and as usual his parents were pleased to have a call from one interested in their son. The size of the compound, the tiled roofs, and the number of courts through which I was escorted, indicated that the family was in good circumstances. The scrolls on the wall of the guest room and the books revealed the home of a man educated after the "old style of learning. " I soon realized that the father was a leader of the local gentry and learned that he and some of his forebea-rs had been military officials. Responding to my questions about the bows of beautiful workmanship that were in evidence I found that archery was his hobby. Here was a lead that I eagerly followed, questioning him about ancient warfare: the "archer infantry, cavalry, and artillery, " and the methods by which men became efficient. We took. down some of the bows and strung them. They were bl1ilt for men of different strength-a 150 pound or a 200 pound man bow. The father was greatly pleased that a Westerner, from the land of superior weapons, was interested in his "lost art." He had led a local defense guard, armed with bows, in the Boxer uprising of 1900. When I proposed that he should take me out and teach me to shoot according to Chinese canons he was delighted, and resurrected conventional targets for our practice. My lessons from the Indians in Michigan stood me in good stead and his respect grew when I could shoot farther than he. We returned after each trial to the guest room to sip tea and talk. Thus he learned the "Jesus Doctrine" and ultimately the whole family, under his lead, came into the church.

It was November when, in Shantung, it usually rains and is cold. My barrow man and donkey and "country cook" and I were pegging steadily along the road early one morning on an all-day's tramp when it began to drizzle and the road, much of the way, became a lake of ooze. The barrow man, of the Ting? Clan, persevering and

HOW ONE MISSIONARY WORKS IN CHINA

good-natured, could no longer progress at our pace, so that the cook and I decided to push on ahead. Late in the evening, famished, soaked and chilled, we floundered into the village, only to be met by a pack of village dogs–cannibals all. Having finally found the inn, we pounded repeatedly at the door; but at the sound of the first knock, out went the light-fearing robbers. At this stage of rebuff a wolfish creature leaped at the cook, bit his right calf, and tore his trousers. Shivering, hungry, and homesick, he wailed out: "Oh Shepherd! Let us quit this preaching business and go home." His huge frame, his childish wail, his "pinhole parish" viewpoint were all so incongruous that I burst out laughing. At that sound someone on the inside began to open the door. They had caught the word Mu Shih ("Shepherd"), used only of the foreign missionary pastor, and the landlord knew we were not bandits.

It poured for three days and there we were imprisoned with a company of twenty men. The floors, being of earth, became soaked and fouled with mud tramped in from the street or the inn yard. The only dry place was the "kang" (the raised brick platform) and one night th,e big boar, who with the other hogs shifted for himself in the slough (known as the inn yard), tried vigorously to share it with us.

During the ennui following the first day, the guests tired of gambling with their greasy cards, and tired of drink, were swapping rain stories. They pricked up their ears at my story of the flood and of two houses built, one upon the sand and one upon the rock. Some had lost heavily through wine and cards and were prepared to listen to a third story about the young fellow, like them away from home, who spent all that he had in riotous living and then came to himself. The story gripped, especially that part about the forgiving Father for, in Confucian ethics, a father who has been so outraged does not easily welcome back a prodigal. Thus the Gospel gained an entry into several villages to which these men took it–back to their ancestral homes.

One January we were holding a Bible class of leaders in a country village where a prosperous, self-supporting church was host. Before we had started on the daily program a messenger arrived from a distant village to say that the only Christian in that village (also an elder in a newly organized church of which I was the pastor) was the victim of a devilish plot. His younger brother, n heathen, in a fit of rage, had accidentally killed a calf of the rich man of the village, and, without telling the village headmen 01' evell his own brother what he had done, he proceeded to skin it, cut it up, and begin to eat it. Although the church elder had years before divided the paternal inheritance with his younger brother and each had his own house and land, and neither was responsible for the acts of the other j yet the owner of the calf, in his desire for vengeance,

decided to involve both brothers, particularly desiring to ruin the follower of the despised foreign religion. Accordingly he bribed the village headmen, who decreed that the younger brother should be banished to Mongolia (a form of punishment that for hundreds of years had been inflicted only for manslaughter), and that the elder must produce "sorrow money" that would reduce him to beggary.

After consultation and prayer with the leaders at the Bible class it seemed best for me to go and see what could be done. That very morning we were to study the sixth chapter of First Corin- thians-about Christians going to law before heathen judges. Start- ing out early next morning, with a mule which "broke down" inconveniently in the midst of a stream, and left me with wet feet, that trip proved one of the longest, hardest, and coldest foot marches I ever made-also one of the most interesting. The elder carne out many Ii on the road with a lantern in the black night to escort us into his village. The village was all agog with excitement at my arrival, for they said: "No foreign guest has ever before honored our base village with a visit!"

The elder and I prayed earnestly that Saturday night over the case, and in the Sunday services of the church held next day in the elder's yard. Monday we again prayed that the headmen would come, and for guidance when they did arrive. They had promised to call at 8: 00 a. m., but then kept sending word that they would not come at all, and finally to arrive at 11: 00 a. m. They were ill-at-ease, fearful, suspicious, knowing not what to expect from a foreign Shepherd with (as they supposed) all the might of a great Western gov- ernment behind him. From experience with Catholic priests they knew something of "gunboat methods." Many cups of hot tea and a generous supply of peanuts-plus prayer-helped to break the ice.

In his attempt to be at ease, one of the headmen, in a loud raucous voice, asked if I knew Dr. Bergen, an honored senior mis- sionary who, with his wife, opened my then station of Tsingtao, shortly after Prinz Heinrich, with his cruiser squadron, had seized that place for the capital of Germany's imperial colony in China.

I hold them how, while at home on furlough, I had visited Dr. Bergen in a hospital, and how his son had voluntarily given of his blood to save his father's life. At once these Confucianists were filled with interest for their lore abounds with stories of filial acts of children toward their parents-as when the son, in midsummer, lies down at eve, upon the paternal bed, to let the mosquitoes gorge upon his blood, so that, when the venerable father lies down later, the insects may have no energy left nor desire to bore through the skin of the father. But these men had never heard of a son who showed such love as to have his blood drained for his father. Now thev were all admiration and commendation. .

Here was a wonderful lead. The way was open to toll them

1924J HOW ONE MISSIONARY WORKS IK CHINA

about the Son of the living God, who gave not only a little of His blood, but all of it, for tpe life of men in China, for anyone who wishes to be healed of his soul-sickness. Their questions–unconventional, grotesque, realistic, but not irreverent-startled me with their di- rectness, and earnestness. Eagerly and with a prayer for help, I told them of our Ancient Book, showing them the passage (the Chi- nese easily respect a book of morals) about the One, Immanuel-to- Come, from whose wounds on the Cross healing blood had flown. Never did the words of Zechariah seem more apropos or searching: "There shall be a fountain opened for sin and for uncleanness ….. and He shaH speak peace to the heathen." The result of fascinating hours together was that all the difficulties were ironed out. The Holy Spirit had wonderful things in store for these hard-faced men and they soon put through reasonable measures uncompromising to the elder, and just to all concerned. How much better than the yamen method!

Until that day the men, with blind prejudice and unreasoning hate, had tried to cripple our church school in a near-by village-· even scheming to poison the teacher-now they were keen for a school for their own boys-which school we soon established. They were now convinced that we desired only their individual and community welfare. That day the Gospel made great progress in that village.

F AMINE RELIEF J<'EEDS TNTO GOSPEL PROPAGATION In our field we had two evil years, first dry famine, and then flood famine, the latter accentuating the woe of the former. Everywhere villages had become isolated islets, with their inhabitants marooned, with ooze and slime inside and outside of the tumbleddown mud houses, with new stenches and millions of additional Bies penetrating everywhere; with wells poisoned, and the crops drowned, with the tops of gravestones of ancestors below the water line; and with disease and mortality dreadfully increased.

We were able to plan and execute three lines of permanent relief by which thousands of men were employed so that self-resped was preserved and needed engineering was accomplished. This gave us also the evangelistic opportunity with the sturdy heads of some of North China's so-called "village democracy." For years I had coveted such an opportunity with these level-headed, hard-fisted, relatively well-to-do farmer lellders, but they always steered shy of the Westerner, suspecting him of being an agent of foreign governments.

Month after month, as we planned and worked with them for the safety of their acres and the welfare of their clans, it percolated down that we were not trying to injure them but were really their friends. :Many were the opportunities offered me to tell them of the

Lord Jesus Christ, who alone could give men the spirit to desire to help other folks of another race.

Finally the work was completed and, unknown to the foreigner, these headmen planned the presentation of banners and tbe "unveiling" of a memorial. Processions of soldiers and hundreds of village dignitaries and officials came to our chapel for the ceremonies. A magistrate we bad learned to love made an address and they all eagerly listened to a straight presentation of Jesus Christ, His power and claim upon us. I invited them repeatedly, by groups, into my "inner court," and, over tea and cakes, chatted with them about the Gospel, giving them tracts, gospel portions, and otber Biblical literature, also planning Christian schools for their villages! It was a new sensation thereafter, to have such leaders come far out of their villages to meet me when they knew I was coming, and to claim me as their guest, and act as hosts for religious services held in their own houses.

I could not imagine myself going through those two years of terrible wearing famine work for any motive less powerful than love to Christ' and a desire to point men to the Lamb of God. The whole business had turned itself into an evangelistic enterprise and resulted in clearing away fear and doubt, removing well-nigh insane prejudice; implanting respect for our work in their behalf; the enrolling hundreds of inquirers, awakening a desire for Christian schools, loaning and donating buildings for schools and land for chapels, and subscribing money for churches and schools. Thus God "somehow out of evil wrought good."

AN OPPORTUNITY-A FAMINE CAMP. CHINA

of Peking Union Medical

BY JOHN H. KORNS, M.D., DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE, PEKING T HE Peking Union Medical College came from an institution controlled by six cooperating missionary organizations. Its staff was composed wholly of missionary doctors, teachers and nurses. Nearly all of its students were Christians who had had their preliminary training in mission schools. Of the one hundred living graduates fully thirty are now in mission hospitals where they receive less than fifty per cent of what they would get in governmental service. Some have given up their lives in attempting to stamp out pneumonic plague epidemics. On the whole, these men have withstood well the temptations to indulge in quackery or other questionable means of securing money and power. This signifies much in China where the superiority of Western medicine is not generally admitted and where an admixture of superstitious native practices soon makes the young, struggling Western-trained doctors prosperous, whereas strict adherence to IVestern medical ethics often means semi-starvation. Judging, then, by its output in physicians, the former Union Medical College has been a positive Christian force in China.

But what ground for hope is there that this college, metamorphosed into one which stresses the scientific qualifications rather than the doctrinal beliefs of its appointees, will worthily wear the spiritual mantle of its earlier stage?

In taking over the institution for reorganization, the China Medical Board made it clear that the highest ideals of Christian service were to be fostered. At the dedicatory service in Peking last September, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., voiced the purpose of the Board of Trustees of the college when he said, "With the medical missionary boards which have been most zealous in the development of medical missions, and with the work they have undertaken, the Peking Union Medical College wishes at all times to be in most cordial" cooperation. Weare here to supplement, not to supplant, what they are doing, to aid not to impede their efforts. In fullest sympathy with the missionary spirit and purpose, we are desirous of furthering it as completely as may be consistent with the maintenance of the highest scientific standards in the medical school and the best service in the hospital. We would ever show respect to the genuine spiritual aspirations evidenced in service and sacrifice of those who come within our doors whatever their views–for after all is it not a fact that the final test of true religion is the translation of that religion into the highest type of life1"

But perhaps more vital than the hopes of the founder is the 901

character and attitude of the medical faculty-those who make their daily impress on the lives of students and patients. Mr. Rockefeller, in the same address, said: "It is because we believe that the highest character is built upon the deepest spiritual foundations alone that we have sought to bring together a medical faculty not only with the best scientific equipment but possessed at the same time of finest idealism." . In this endeavor the writer believes that the Board has been peculiarly successful. It has drawn freely upon missionary forces. The director came to China as a missionary physician. He is in warmest sympathy with all constructive Christian work and his advice is frequently sought in conferences on Christian education in China, Likewise, the man now in training for the hospital superintendency has been relinquished with great reluctance by a sister missionary hospital. Of the nine major teaching departments, the heads of five have had missionary service in the Orient and a sixth was a student volunteer. "Tith few exceptions, all the non-Chinese clinical men have come to China with motives truly Christian misflionary. It is not too much to say that the teaching staff, as a whole, composed of twenty-two Chinese and fifty-three non-Chinese, embodies along with ~igh scientific attainment and ideals the purpose to exemplify Christian standards of conduct in their relations with the Chinese.

The physical plant of the College, worth $5,000,000 Gold, is almost palatial; the members of the staff are better paid than missionaries in general; their furloughs come at more frequent intervals; they are encouraged and expected to do research work, and their intellectual growth and productiveness determine largely whether they remain with the college. But these conditions do not preclude a lively interest in the character-development of the Chinese who enter as students or patients.

The teaching staff of the Peking Union Medical College includes, besides those from the United States, representatives from Canada, Great Britain and the Continent, and China. They are of many religious denominations and creeds, their background is varied. But they are one in the conviction that this institution should help the Chinese to attain not only modern medical knowledge, not only the desire and ability to augment that knowledge in futUre years, but also the will to use that knowledge always in the service of others.

The Peking Union Medical College, rich in missionary tradition, financed by a Foundation and governed by a Board expecting it to make a distinct contribution to missionary endeavor, staffed by an enthusiastic body of searchers after truth-this college, situated in China's educational as well as political center, has the opportunity of moulding the characters of many of the future leaders of medical science in China.

a..A eua

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721 MV.HJ,EN13ERG BLDG., PHll,ADELPHIA, PA.

VOLUNTEERING-WHY AND HOW? calls which are constantly coming ROBER.T P. WILDER from the field rather than on the real What methods shall he used for the enlist- purpose of the missionary enterprise. ment of volunteers 1 The General Secretary In their commendable zeal to be proof the Student Volunteer Movement i8 the. fessionally qualified and to do the man best qualified to present reasons for work for which this professional trainvolunteering and the method involved. ing fits them, thE'y lost sight of the vocation of the missionary. The real I. Reasons Why Volunteer. Volunteer The stndent generation of the last objective of foreign missions beearne four years has been a keenly critical confused with the methods of doing generation. Alert, inquiring, dissatis- the work; and an undue emphasis was fled with sham and hypocrisy, it has placed upon the professional aspects been hungering for reality, and surg- rather than upon the aim of the enter- ing in its mind have been tides of new prise.

thought and social passion. To pre- Men and women are required for sent a vision to this generation has not missionary work who know .Jesus been an easy task, in one way, for in Christ as personal Saviour and Lord, many instances the spirit of breaking and are so filled with His Spirit that away from the past was inclined to they go forth as His ambassadors.

ignore the potency of the calls opera- The real purpose of the missionary tive in the past. In another way, it enterprise is to give all people an ade- has been easy to challenge this genera- quate opportunity to know Jesus tion, so eager for reality, to heroic sac- Christ as their Saviour and to become rifice and endeavor. 'fhe young folk, His disciples, and to found and build who were hopeful and idealistic, saw up His Church so that it may become, a vision whE're others did not see it.· as soon as possible, self-propagating, Those who had tasted adventure in self-supporting and self-governing.

warfare days and were not daunted Dominated by this compelling motive, by it craved still greater heights to the professional aspects of one's work breast.' Nineteen twenty to nineteen become secoudary-not unimportant, twenty-four has featured a genera- but simply the means to the great end.

tion which is prone to go to extremes. But let us go further back and in- To this student body there came the quire what the reasons are which lead call to volunteer fo~ service in the students to volunteer. They may be mission field. How did this call react involved in influences exerted by fel- on the youth ~ Many were concerned low VoluntE'ers, spiritual friendships, with their particular calling, others admiration for leaders, influence of with the question how to determine Christian home and church, influence the field where they should spend their (If conventions, Christian literature, lives and llse their powers. Yet these study of needs abroad, retreats, hered- were not the main issue–rather, to do ity, etc. Over against these influences, the will of God! pressing toward decision, crowd the We found some candidates putting influences persistently thwarting the the emphasis on the professional quali- Christian life: hidden sin, a habit of fications and others on the specific drifting, indecision, cowardice, and 903

disobedience. Yet all these and many and we wish to bring out the follow- other sins are daily overcome and it ing points. '1'here has been a steady is often the very seriousness and dif- increase in the percentage of Volun- ficulty of the Christian life which teers among the new missionaries re- most urgently calls for victory over cruited. Although the standards of weakness, for in choosing Him as Lord requirements for appointment have we never withdraw ourselves from His gradually heen raised, there has not unerring and pierced hand which in- been a decrease in the number of Vol- variably points to limitless opportuni- unteers. 'rhe societies having the more ties and indescribable need. Those exacting standards tend to have the who have accepted .Jesus Christ as larger percentage of Volunteers. The Saviour and Lord, and have been true Volunteers appointed have had de- to their heavenly vision, have willing- cidedly greater scholastic training.

ly lost themselves in a great and un- In the past ten years, the number selfish cause. of Volunteers appointed who have had In making a study of a number graduate training has steadily in- who had volunteered during the peri- creased. Also, during the same peri- od between the two conventions, Des od, the numher of Volunteers ap- Moines (1920) and Indianapolis pointed who have had only training (1924), the Student Volunteer Move- school preparation, with no college ment found that the strongest reason work, has steadily decreased. There for volunteering is the influence of seems to be an increased tendency to- the Christian home and parents; thJ wards new Volunteers coming from next most potent influence is that of the colleges which have the higher the Church; then comes that exerted scholastic standards.

by friends, by individual Student Judging from reports sent in by Volunteers, meetings, Student Volun- new Volunteers, we see an indication tcer conferences, missionary literature, of their leadership in Christian Asso- returned missionaries, and campus ciations, churches, etc.; these reports agencies, the Y. M.. C. A. and Y. W. also show greater care and intelligence C. A. '1'here are in each person's life on the part of Volunteers in coming two chief causes which bring about to the decision ror foreign work. Fi- the decision to become a foreign mis- nally, the contributions of Volunteers sionary: one is the unconscious cause to the BnHetin, I ntercollegian, and working often from childhood, and " Woman '8 Press," give a favorable the other is the definite occasion when impression.

the deeision is registered, as a meeting, a talk, an act of prayer. Of the II. Methods That Win Volunteers two sexes, girls are more inclined to In estimating what methods are tollow home teaching, to be guided bY' necessary to use to urge volunteering parents' lives, to come to the foreign at the point of direct recruiting for field through betrothal influences. the foreign field, we must take account lVIen, on the other hand, feel their of three considerations.

greatest pull when they enter college, First, we II,lust bring before the Vol- and are modeled by influences sensed unteer the need on the foreign field, there: flojends, roommates, meetings, and lay emphasis also on the compara- retreats. tive need. Second, we must bring Viewed from the point or view of before students a sizing up of their an organized recruiting agency like own ability. Students are apt to look the Student Volunteer lVIovement, an upon the foreign mission field as far interesting study can be made con- removed from anything they know or cerning the quality or those who vol- have known. We try to bring before unteer. We strongly believe that their attention the concrete needs on progress is ('ontinually being made in the field, hence the use of the January improving the quality or Volunteers, issue of our Student Volunteer Bul·

1 BEST METHODS

letin is much to be commended, for it AMERICANS AND CHINESE RESI. gives the lists of callings issued by the Boards. A science student said to me DENTS IN AMERICA a few days ago, "When I first felt an urge to go to the field, I wondered E. L. T'AO where there would be need for a highly trained scientist, one who was in- The discussion of the questions of the optercsted in the very theoretical aspect~ portunities of American Christians in their of pure science. 1 felt that this was daily relationships with the thousands of my big gift to lay before the Lord. Chinese residents in America has aroused Yet I was troubled for fear there'd much interest. Here unquestionably is one be no demand for that gift on the of the best methods of work growing out of field. Marvelously the way was the interest aroused by the year's study of opened, and I now go a willing Stu- Ghina. dent Volunteer to serve my Master in my own calling on the glorious for- Miss 'r 'ao is one of the group of one eign mission field." hundred and seventy students who sailed from Shanghai to America in 1923. Her In the third place, I would stress article was written during the summer from the fact that there is no hope of get- Northfield, Mass., during her own happy ting the right kind of Volunteer un- experience of close friendship with many less there has been a great and deep leaders of American Christianity, while she spiritual experience, because without was privileged to be the guest of Mrs. A. G. the loyalty to Christ we cannot expect Moody. . volunteering, and even if a few Volunteers are secured without emphasiz- In the fall of 1923, a group of Chiing that appeal they will hardly be nese students said goodbye to the land worth the sending. One candidate of their fathers and sailed from secretary of a Board said recently, Shanghai for America. As their boat, "We had a nne girl candidate for a S. S. ProsidMlt Jackson, left the wharf, nurse on the field. She was well the goodbye messages of their friends brought up, came of a fine local fam- sounded in their ears and they ily, had sterling education. and a strained their eyes to catch the wavbroad world outlook. I asked hel' ing of handkerchiefs and hats until about her spiritual qualifications, how they fadf)d away in the distance, and . deep were her beliefs, and she an- their fathers and mothers returned: to swered that on those lines she felt a their homes thinking of the great suclittle weak. Of r.onrse, she was bound ('ess their sons and daughters would up in her profession, and she would have in America with the good fortune havc done us credit on the field from of an excellent education. that point of view. but as for aiding the cause of her Saviour, she could They spoke together of the spirit of not make us feel confident in sending friendliness between America and 'her, and we did not." China, and their hopes were high for their sons and daughters who were When interviewed on these lines I now sailing away for that land of usually ask students to search dili- which they had heard so much. gently for the intersection of these three lines: first, what does the Word The group of about one hundred of God teach; second. providences, and seventy students reached Amernot only the need and comparative ica, land of their dreams, and immedineed, but advice of friends, effect of ately became learners, inspectors, example on oth'"rs, etc.; and finally imitators. Everything they saw was prayer. 'When these three lines inter- given place in their memory. The sect and agree, I say by all means go Chinese have a proverb, "If one into foreign missionary work. touches red color he becomes red. If one keeps in touch with black color he 4 will be black." This helps to answer the question: how may Americans be helpful to Chinese residents in Amer- ica Y I am among those who have been helped by many American friends by sincere hospitality and kind entertain- ment in American homes. But I have

privileges that many other Chinese them to church and had happy friendstudents do not have, because I came ships. When I came East I lived in from a Christian university in China, the dormitory, studied in the library, and personal friends there have writ- and went back and forth to the classten to their friends in America. I find rooms and that was all." that people who have traveled in the Orient are always more interested The people of America enjoy the in people from Oriental lands than pleasures of their Saturdays and Sunare those who have simply read of days, but most of the Chinese students them in books. Usually the people I know in America dread those days who have done much for mission work because then they are so very homeare interested in malting personal friendships with students from the sick. lands in which their missions are lo- "Happy Friday Night," "Joyous cated. Such personal friendships mean much. I have learned that many Chi- Saturday," "Glorious Sunday mornnese boys and girls have told their ing" welcomed by American students parents and friends at home about are often dreaded by the students their great good fortune to be study- from China and they often spend all ing in America because they have had the time in the library trying to lose the privilege of being entertained in themselves in work. Christian homes and making friendships in the Christian churches of Possibly you can invite some stu- America. I want to emphasize that dent to your home for the week-end friendship between America and or if that is too much you can give China depends upon Christian people him much pleasure by inviting him to on both sides of the Pacific Ocean. dinner, or asking him to come on Sunday morning for a little visit be- Unfortunately, my experience is fore the church service begins. He not shared by all Chinese students would appreciate being at your family who come to America. One student I evening prayers, and sharing with you know was in America for several years some of the privileges of Christian life without ever being a guest in an American home. When he stud,ied in in YOul' home. a large city, he ate all of his meals in May I prt'sent some observations a Chinese restaura.nt. He had almost no American friendships. After he gleaned from my own experience and completed his course he took the first those of other Chinese students in boat back to China. What about his Americ.a? point of view of America and his personal interest in friendship between 1. Personal friendship is the founthe two nations ~ dation of the bridge that spans the Pacific. Ocean. If we have genuine Perhaps he was to blame that he personal friendships they will not be did nothing to get in close touch with broken by outside rumors. The prac- Americans but he felt timid about tice of real Christianity will solve pomaking advances and Americans made litical, economical and social, as well no advances to him. as religious problems.

Another student told me that he 2. Genuine hospitality of American liked people in the West better than people means more to the Chinese those in the East. than they can possibly express. It is a strong link in the building of the "Vhy do you say that ~" I asked. bridge of friendship. On the other "Because," he answered, "when I side of the ocean, the Chinese are folfirst came to America I studied in the lowing the example set by Ameriean 'Vest for a year, and there some of Christians and are opening the doors the people in the churches invited me of their homes to American residents to their homes. I began to go with in China.

3. Helping Chinese residents to be- come aSf'lociated wit h American churches is an important work. The aim of missionary work in foreign

BEST METHODS

lands is to spread the ideals of Jesus 1. Interest some of your members Christ over the world, but Christian jn learning to know the Chinese resi- people who send much money beyond dents in your community.

the ocean sometimes fail to see the 2. Have a special committee of your many chances right in front of their ('hurch to do some special work for own door to preach Christ's Gospel Chinese residents in your community, of Love. town or state. Often they have no 4. Kindness is one of the great gifts meeting place where they can get to- in the personality of Jesus Christ. get~er. Invite them to meet in a Sun- There is nothing more valuable than day-school room of your church to a word or It deed of kindness. One of learn to know each other, to talk with tbe Chinese proverbs says, "A kind each other about their beloved land word keeps people warm for three and about their acquaintances. Often centuries" and another, "An unkind there are Chinese children born in word makes people feel cold even America who understand little of con- though it is in the summer." Chinese ditions in the land of their fathers.

residents in America appreciate your We students who have lately come to kindness according to your customs America would be glad to have a and we ask your pardorc if sometimes chance to meet with them and help because of the difference of customs them to understand China today.

and OUI" ignorance of your ways we Such meetings would be in no sense seem unappreciative and impolite. l1ll-American and if the church helped 5. Frankness is of great importance to make these opportunities, such in building our friendship. Accord- gatherings might readily develop into ing to our he.redity, training and en- Hible (,lasses, and interest Chinese vironment some of your customs and resilleuts in church attendance.

traditions seem exceedingly queer and 8. Could the tr11stees of your Y. M.

funny. On the other hand, our most C. A. or Y. W. C. A. arrange for a precious customs and traditions may Chinese department so that your memo seem absurdly queer to you. We bel'S eould know China and the Chi- should have kind frankness with each nese better and Chinese in Ameriea other. There is a Chinese proverb could be hrought together for confer- which means "Under Heaven, one ence?

family. " We are all the children of 4. Take a few minutes each week God, and we want your help and your to pray for China and for Chinese kind, frank and friendly criticism. l'8siclents in America.

6. Clcar understanding of each Personally, I am most grateful that, other's backgro11nd means so much in during the past summer, which was building friendship. You have a his- my first in Ameriea, I have been tory of which you are justly proud. privileged to be a guest in more than China's civilization reaches back five American bomes. The sincere through centuries and while there are hospitality that I have received fills many things for us to learn from you, my heart with g'ratitude and makes the history and the traditions of our me think of many of my Chinese past are most preeious to us. friends and fellow students who may 7. 'l'he love of Jesus Christ make~ have been lonely during the long sum- possible the way of peace and friend- mer vacation and there comes to me a ship. Because wc love Him, we love hope that there are in your great land each other and, in the principles of Ameriea so many Christians of an which He has given, our two great internationa~ mind and heart that republics must build their friendship. possibly they too have been the guests Church leaders have asked me how of Christian friends.

American Christians can help Chi- As I sit in that center of world nese residents in America. I will Christian influence, the home of Mrs.

make four practical suggestions: Moody at Northfield, I drop my pen

to raise my heart in gratitude and of Chinese students with Christianity thanksgiving to God for this beautiful has not been the same during student scenery of nature which surrounds me, days in China. The Chinese mission for the dear Christian friends in school student usually knows a great America, and for the love of God in deal about Christianity. Bible study, Christ Jesus. chapel service and Christian teachers have given a thorough understanding I shall tell my people what Chris- of Christian teaching and practice. tianity is. Many students from mission schools have been surprised to find that such INTERPRETING CHRISTIANITY TO activities are generally not so promi- nent in an American college. Other CHINA students have been educated in remote provincial capitals where they have EDWARD II. LOCKWOOD learned little of Christianity, while some, who have been in other govern- Is it possible for men and women who ment 'schools, have, through friendcannot go to the mission field actually to do ship with missionaries or other Chrisas much for th(' evangelization of the world tian people, come to have a good as do those who cross the seas? Mr. Edward knowledge of Christian teaching. This H. Lockwood, Executive Secretary of the is usually true of the large group of Committee on Friendly Relations Among students who come from Tsing H wa Foreign Students holds that it is, and sug· College in Peking, where the indemgests methods of work. nity students study.

Christian men and women in Amer- One fourth of the two thousand Chiica need to do more than has been nese college students in America are uone in past years to extend friend- now members of the Protestant Chrisship with 'these students are very tiau ChuI'c:g., according to the estimate American life to the more than two of the Chinese Students' Christian thousand Chinese students who will Association. Nearly all of them have be spending the coming college year united with the Church before arrival in this country. This is an oppor- in t.his country, and very few won to tunity for. the extension of Christ's Christ during their period of study teaching which will probably not here. It is also true that few Amercome to the people of any other gen- ican students unite with the Church eration, and the possibilities of friend- during college days and largely for ship with these students are very the same reasons. But there are addigreat. The~e Chinese students will be tional reasons why Chinese students back in their home countries in a very do not unite with the Church in Amerfew years with a training which will ica. It is difficult to worship in a cause many of them eventually to oc- foreign language and even a master cupy places of influence there. Op- of a foreign language finds it is not posed to the Church, they can easily easy to get spiritual satisfaction in block much of the work of the foreign public worship conducted in a foreign missionary, but united with that mis- tongue. sionary, great strides may be made in making China Christian. It is no ex- It is also true that Chinese students, aggeration to say that the missionary in recent years, have been more criteause must fail unless a large number ical of the failure of Christianity to of the Chinese students who visit this correct the more glaring defects in country return home convinced of the our Western social order. This crititruth of Christ's teaching. cislll has become more marked since the World War.The crime reports in How many of the two thousand Chi- the newspapers, the divorce evil, nese college students in America will child labor, racial prejudices and return home advocates of Christian- other evils are observed and there is ity 1 No definite answer can be made to this question. The impressions made upon Chinese students by our American life are varied. This is partly due to the fact that the contact

10241 BEST METHODS

enough evidence for a conclusion that students who have accepted its hospi- Christianity is a failure if the ob- tality. Some of these guests were server inclines that way. There are students in this country twenty years certain Western writers who have pub- ago and now occupy places of in- licly made announcement of such con- fluence in China. clusions. To those living in the Orient, rflligion is not ~o much an individual It should be pointed out that an as a Rocial matter. Religion expresses American wishing to be a friend to a itself in gronp action. For this reason, Chinese must free himself from any it does not avail much to point out to feeling of racial superiority and recog- the Oriental student that the evils of nize the great qualities of the race our social order are opposed to Chris- from which the Chinese corne. Any tian teaching. The Chinese student is spirit of condesension a.nd pity on the likely to think that Christianity is part of the Ameriean immediately failing to the extent that social evils makes impossible a.n exchange of are existent. friendship. 'rhose who have met Chinese students as equals have re- Another factor to be considered by ceived as well as given, as hundreds those who wish to get the viewpoint of American men and women can of the Chinese student is his resent- testify. ment over what he considers unfair reports of life in his country by mis- The Chinese Students' Christian sionaries and travelers. Such reports Association was organized in 1907 and as give only the dark side of Chinese all Chinese students who are in sym- . life have aroused the antagonism and pathy with the Christian purpose are resentment of the Chinese student. A eligible for membership. In schools Yale Chinese ~tudent kept a scrap book where a sufficient number of these stu- of the lurid headlines of newspaper dents are found, a local unit is crime reports saying that he would formed, affiliated with the Association. nse this to show his people the state of civilization in America. This was The C. S. C. A. is a self-governing unfair but no more so than the report organization, raising much of its own of a missionary or traveler who, in a finances and making its own policies. desire to make a case or create inter- The present general secretary is Paul est, may give a one-sided picture of Meng, a recent graduate of Drew life in China. 'rheological Seminary. He has been a government indemnity student and We have stories of pioneer mission- has the honor of bearing the same aries who have given their lives to the llame as the Chinese sage, Mencius. missionary canse. Ve need to know It is interesting that the Chinese Gov- of those people in America who have ernment has a.llowed one of its stu- never lived on foreign soil but whose dents to take his work in theology in homes have been centers of friendship this countrv. for generations of Chinese students, many of whom are returned to their Through' the activity of the C. S. own country and are living lives of C. A., Chinese students are urged to usefulness became of the friendship take advantage of all opportunities to which some American home has given know the bellt side of American life, them. An interesting history could to attend summer conferences, to be written of many such hom~s. In a ('nter the churches and to unite for New Englanrl college town where over Christian service. It is affiliated with a per,iod of yearn many Chinese stu- the Committee on Friendly Relations dents carne for study, a man and his Among J:;~oreign Students at 347 wife were host and hostess to all those Madison Avenne, New York City. who would come to them. .In a guest book which is now in that home are Any account of the life of Chinese the names and photographs of those students in this country must take account of the good work already done by the Student Christian Associations, the churches and individuals who

have thrown open their homes to about them? These ehildren had ex- Chinese students. What is needed is aminations on what they could find an enlargement of the number of those out about China from pictures. And who are not content with prayers and it was fun for them. Soon they began giving to missions abroad, but who to bring in pictures, and clippings, take notice of the missionary oppor- and books about things Chinese.

tunity within the gates of this country They visited the laundryman to and give such friendship to Chinese learn how to say certain words. A students as will lead these makers Chinese student came to speak in of the New China to put Christ first Camden, and they went in a body to in thought and action. Many men and hear him and check up on their pro· women, without leaving their homes, nunciation. A little Chinese boy who can do as much or more for the cause had gone to school with them became of Christ than if they spent their suddenly a person of interest. The lives in a foreign land. scoffing boy who, when he first came to the circle, would say, "Aw, I don't TRY THESE PLANS "ant to have nothing to do with Various workers from various churches tell Chinks. They knife you, " announced of the methods they have tried and pro- proudly a few days later that the nounced good. Chinese were publishing a paper long China and a City Church before America was discovered. And so eighteen children, who There are certain children in Cam- might have spent their days playing den, New J·ersey, who can tell you in thf' city streets, have been thinking· remarkable facts about China; they China this summer.

can give you the Chinese wordBi for "When's church going to open this man, and for beast, and for God. They fall?" they ask the director. "Can't can sing "Jesus Loves Me" in recog- we study some other country like nizable Chinese. They have discov- that?' , ered that while the laundrymen in Camden speak one tongue, Mr. Lee Missionary Education in the County Fair from Drew Seminary speaks another.

Proudly they will tell you why the "This booth is like an oasis in the laundrymen they know in Camden desert, " said a leading citizen of speak Cantonese, and why lIfr. Lee Ijewistown, Pa., as he stood before the speaks Pekinese. They know about booth designed and conducted by the Chinese customs; about Chines~ Interdenominational Missionary Com- schools; they have written a play mittee. By the desert he did not mean about the lives of two doctors, Dr. Ida the exhibits of the County Fair at Kahn and Dr. Mary Stone. And the which he saw the booth but the weary explanation is this: Thc church really stretches of church work with no in- didn't have enough money to run a terdenominational cooperation.

Daily Vacation Bible School. But Some Mifllin County women said, there was one full-time staff worker when they read in the MISSIONARY RE- at the church who saw tbe children on VIEW the ~uggestions for a missionary the streets with nothing to do now exhibit in the County Fair, "Why that school was over. She grasped can't we do that?"

her opportunity and formed the China "Wc can," was the answer which Friendship Circle. assembled representatives of Baptist, She gathered in all the pictures, aU T.Jutheran, Methodist, Presbyterian, the stories, all the games she could United Pl'er;byterian and Reformed find from China. And the children churches for the purpose of putting started a circle that met five times a on a missi(;mary exhibit at the Mifflin week for six weeks. Have you seen County l!'air.

pictures of China-and then forgotten It worked. There was a booth with

BEST METHODS

mIssIOnary maps, charts and posters. visited the booth was stirred to emula- 'rhe Student Volunteer Movement tion, "There is no reason why that furnished posters in sufficient quan· can't be done in our County Fair," tities to allow of the display of new he said as he went home to do it. ones each day and thousands of Fair visitor;; were halted by the striking A missionary leader from another sentences, giving facts and figures. state took careful notes and went home to work out similar plans. The various cooperating denominations furnished sample literature in The 'cost which was very small was large quantitie8, including leaflets, provided by a gift of $10 from each telling of the progress of missions, at- cooperating church. tractive missionary stories and various other types of literature. It was esti- Getting Men to Read Missionary mated that more than five thousand packets, containing from six to fifteen Books leaflets each, were distributed. The Presbyterian Board of Foreign There were full exhibits of curios Missions is conducting an interesting and articles illustrative of the life and experiment in an effort to persuade a customs in various mission lands, on large number of representative laydisplay. Several foreign missionaries, men of the denomination to read miswho were home on furlough, cooper- sionary books. 'fhe Board has reated by appearing in costume at the cently purchased 500 copies of the booth and telling of the achievements B~~siness of Missions by Dr. Cornelius and the needs of missions, as large and interested ·groups gathered around s. Patton and is presenting them to them. 500 selected laymen scattered through- Girls of the churches of the county out the country, on the following conalso added to the interest by wearing ditions: costumes of mission lands and assisting in distributing literature and giv- 1. That each man who receives the book ing information. will read it through; It is not possible to estimate the in- 2. That he will communicate with the fluence of the venture. The gate re- Board or with one of its District ceipts for the fair showed that 40,000 officers, and give his opinions and people had been admitted. Some of impressions of the book; the literatlue that was distributed may have been dropped on the ground 3. That he will then pass the book on to either before or after it was read; another layman with the request that some of the people who passed the he, in turn, read the volume and booth may forget the messages of the make written comments on what he posters and of the missionaries, but has read. thousands of leaflets were taken home and read and thousands of men, wom- In this way, it is hoped that an en and children will never forget some endless chain of lay readers of the of the impreSRions that were received. book may be started.

Among the other activities, sub· Although the volume is just being scriptions to the MISSIONARY REVIEW distributed, replies are already being and Everyland were taken and much received by the Board. In one subinterest was aroused in mission study, urban church, eight men who had stewardship and Bible classes. A seldom, ii' ever, read a missionary minister from another county who book, read the Business of Missions, and expressed their surprise over the scope of the missionary enterprise from the business standpoint. The Board feels confident that this method of enlistment of the interest of busi- ness men in world-wide missions will bring unusual results.

and Foreign Missions

COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS AND FEDERA'l'ION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF .F'OREIGN :MrSSIONS HIS LAMPS mothers and grandmothers we think ,eYE ARE THE LIGHT OF THE WORLD" it would have to be extended to about His lamps are- we, 80 to take in all who love Everyland. To shine where He shall say; And lamps are not for sunny rooms, The price is. $1.50 a year; in groups of five, $1 a year. It comes monthly Nor for the light of day; But for dark places of the earth, with the exception of the two summer Where shame and wrong and crime have months when children usually take a vacation. birth, And for the murky twilight gray, Where wandering sheep have gone astray. 'fhere is no magazine in the world . And where the lamp of faith grows dim, at all like it. 'I.'he children write to And souls are groping after Him. say there is none so good in their And as sometimes a flame we see, opinion. Why do not fathers and Clear shining, through the night So dark we cannot see the lamp- mothers, grandmothers. and grandfa- But only see the Jight- thers, aunts and uncles, Sunday- So may we shine, His love the :flame, school teachers, superintendents and That men may glorify His name. ministers pay attention to this great -Annie John-son FUnt.

Copyrighted by Evangelical Publlshers, To- agency for world missions and world ronto, Canada. Used by permission of the peace 1 Children do not know what author and publishers. race prejudice is. 'fhat is an acquired EVERYLAND prejudice. They need never know it The Magazine of World Friendship if we will teach them, as we try to do in Everylrmd, the splendid qualities 'Ve have not competed for the prizes of the various races and the beauty of announced by Mr. Bok and Mr. Filene. friendship for all.

We have, however, we think, answered their question regarding the possi- SISTERHOOD OF SERVICE bilities of a fri.endly world through our plan of educating the boys and The glow of life around us, girls through a fascinating magazine The star of Hope hefore, In sisterhood of service which makes them really acquainted Vve count our mercies 0 'er. with their contemporaries. through all One thought, the love of Jesus, the lands of the earth and the islands of the sea. One consecrated aim, We light a torch in darkness, And toil in His dear Name.

. Everyland has been adopted by No lines of caste divide us, some or the leading Boards of Home and Foreign Missions as their maga- No "hoice of East or West, zine for hoys and girls. Is it yours? We leave the place of lahor To Him who knoweth hest.

Young people from 8 to 16 delight in In little self-denials, its pages and contribute to its Ex- In prayer on bendca knee, change. There are many protests from the 1(i-year-old high school group In word or work we answer that they do not want to stop at 16. The Master's "Follow Me." Mrs. Cronk, the editor of the Everyland Exchange has written to ask if o Master, give Thy hlessing, the age could be extended. Judging All d guide us as we try In sisterhood of service To lift Thy banner high. Let not 'I'hy kingdom tarry, from some of the letters received from Nor let ·it suffer loss, Speed on the day of glory, Everyland is $1.50 a year; 5 subscriptions The Conquest of the Cross! for $5.00. Send for sample copy to Everyland~ -Margaret E. Sanggter. West Medford, Mass.

91~ WHAT CONSTITUTES A MISSION. United States border, I could learn of only one mission for Chinese in ARY CHURCH? Mexico, at Tampico, in connection with the Y. M. C. A. work in the oil One missionary conference answer- fields on the East Coast. So far nothed as follows: ing has been done for the Christiani- zation and Americanization of these It should: Chinese. A team of one missionary 1. Have a program of missionary education. speaking Cantonese, and one Canto- 2. Have 11 missionary committee or depart· nese preacher, could accomplish much by a tactful presentation of Chris- ment. tianity to these groups. 3. Be interested in the entire Kingdom. 4. Support 11 missionary. "There are only a few hundred 5. Practice the habit of praying for mis· Japanese on the West Coast–fifteen to fifty in each of the principal cities sionaries. -but most of them are in influential 6. Encourage visits of missionaries. positions, as doctors and dentists for 7. Have a missionary budget. the Mexican people. One has a dairy 8. Have missionary education in the Sun- of one hundred cows and supplills the city of Hermosillo. A considerable day-school. proportion of these Japanese are 9. Have missionary education in the young Christians. A Mexican minister and I visited a Japanese doctor in his home, people's society. and his wife played the piano and 10. Have missionary education for boys and sang 'God Be With You' in Jap- anese, while the Mexican sang it in girls. Spanish and I in English. One of 11. Have study classes for all church de· our Japanese pastors in California has undertaken a mission through corres- partments. pondllnce to the fifty or more Jap- 12. Have missionary reading courses for aU anese whose names and addresses I secured. " grades. 13. Have a missionary library. Some investigation has been made 14. Have missionary programs. also by Dr. Hinman in regard to 15. Have 11 missionary magazine table. Chinese students in America. He 16. Have a missionary magazine club. says: "The Chinese Students' Chris- 17. Use missionary dramatics. tian Association reports that there 18. Give a missionary stereopticon lecture. are more than 2,000 Chinese students 19. Have a missionary room. in America and 1,580 of them are on 20. Send delegates to summer conferences or its active mailing list. There are Chinese Y. M. C. A.'s in Boston, New assemblies. York, Chicago, Seattle and San Fran- 21. Hold Life-Service meetings. cisco, the latter established twelve years and enrolling 750 members. Heaven doth with us as we with torches do, The two thousand students are scat- Not light them for themselves; for if our tered widely through the colleges and nearly a hundred of them are taking virtues: practical training in the Ford factory Did not go forth of us, 'twere all alike in Detroit. Information in regard to As if we had them not. thll Chinese in America is fast being -Shakespeare in "Me'asure for Measure." made available. Attention has been called to the large and progressive SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS Chinese community in New York through the publication of a book De Land, Fla., Feb. 1-6, 1925. 'The Real Chinese in America,' by a Mrs. W. J. Harkness, De Land, Fla.

St. Petersburg, Fla., Jan. 18-23, 1925. Mrs. G. W. Cooper, St. Petersburg, Fla.

ORIENTALS From the report of the committee on Orientals of the Home MiSSions Council and Council of Women for Home Missions) George L. Cady, Ohairman.

Dr. George W. Hinman has made a survey of the Wllst Coast of Mexico and reports as follows: "There are about 3,000 Chinese in the states of Sinora, Sinaloa and Nagarit. These were imported to work in the cotton fields of Lower California. I visited five large centers on the West Coast with a population of about five hundred. Chinese in each. Besides the mission at Mexicali, just across the

Chinese consular secretary. Chinese large sums towards its erection. It is work in the East suffers seriously probable that the Japanese are as genfrom lack of expert direction. I' It is erous in proportion to their means as haphazard, depending upon the good any other class of Christians in Amerintentions but emotional interest of a ica. very few, and those not always wisest. THE TOUCH OF HUMAN HANDS It was reported last year that there were 30,000 Japanese in Sao Paulo, Among the hills of Galilee, Brazil. Dr. Inman reports that the Through crowded city ways, Brazilian churches have organized a mission for these people. Further The Christ of God went forth to heal study will be carried on. And bless in olden days.

In the Japanese work on the Pa- The sinning and the sad of heart cific Coast there is increasing interest In anxions throngs were massed and necessity for Christian service. The Federated Japanese Church in To catch the great Physician's eye Los Angeles cost nearly $100,000, And touch Him as He passed. financed by the Presbyterian and Congregational Boards. The Re- We have not in our hours of need formed Church in the United States His seamless garment pressed, has a new Community House for their Japanese mission in San Francisco. Nor felt His tender human hand This building is fitted for carrying on On us in blessing rest. social and educational work as well as religious. It is a monument to Yet still in crowded city streets the finest kind of Christian coopera- The Christ goes forth again, tion, and also to the interest and sac- W'henever touch of human hand rifice of the Japanese who have given Bespeaks good will to men.

Whenever man his brother man UphOlds in helpfulness; Whenever strong and tender clasp A lonely heart doth bless, 'fhe Christ of God is answering A stricken world '8 demands And leading back a wandering race By touch of human hands. -Alice M. Kyle.

FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN A MESSAGE FROM JAPAN 1<~l'om the moment, however, that we touched the shores of Japan the Ex- Mrs. Frank Gaylord Cook, Treasurer of clusion Bill has been the topic of the Woman's Board of Missions, Congrega- uppermost impol'tance. An Englishtional, anf! for several years an officer of speaking editor of a leading Japanese the Federation, is now traveling in the Orient paper interviewed us even before we representing not only her Own Board but left the steamer. In a small city, far also the Federation of Woman's Boards of distant from the usual routes of Foreign MissionA of North America. She travel, another editor, a judge, and a was in Japan just after the Exclusion Bill teacher were invited to spend the eve- WRS passed in America and has sent from ning. Because the place was provineial there a record of her impressions. in its outlook, and feeling in regard to the Exclusion Bill seemed especially The following is not an extended study of the Exclusion Bill in all of bitter, it was agreed that the foreignits phases; it simply records the im- ers would not introduce the subject. pl'ession of a woman tourist who spent When the time came for the callers to seven weeks in Japan immediately after the bill was passed and at the leave one said, "But are you going to time it went into effect. On the day it took effect Japanese flags were dis- say nothing about the Exclusion played everywhere, even in the small- Bill?" There followed an hour of est villages of country districts. We heard of 'I. demonstration planned in close questioning and reasoning. Osaka but its execution did not seem to merit a report in the press. Perfect Again, in another remote prefecture quiet apparently reigned throughout at a meeting in the town's public hall the empire. Mr. Co()k was asked to present Amer- ica's side while a y, M. C. A. Secre,

1924J HOME A]'I;D FOREIG;) MISSIONS BULLETIN

tary spoke ror Japan. Probably 1,000 others say that is impossible. A~ persons. were present-ror the most long. however, as the sore spot re- part young men-and fully half the mains there is always a chance for audience was obliged to stand. Never- trouble.

theless all listened with the closest at- lVhat can Christian people do? We tention and practically no one left be- wish we knew the sovereign remedy.

fore the session closed. These are On "No War" Sunday we heard two merely samples of the public interest. presentations. In the morning there In personal talks, likewise, the con- was a plea for a league of those who, versation sooner or later almost in- in case their country went to war, variably swung around to the Ex- would pledge themselves they would clusion Bill. not help "no matter what." In the Among the intelligent the attitude afternoon the emphasis was placed on is practically the same everywhere, an the need for a better understanding earnest searching to see why they are and sympathy among the nations, for being treated thus by the United an internationalism based on brother- States who was supposed to be Japan's hood and love, for a determined effort friend-an astonishing generosity in on the part of the Christian churches the interpretation of the reasons-a and Christia.n leaders to bring real patient self-control in the hope that Christianity and a real Christian hefore long some remedy may be spirit into politics until our statesmen fortheoming. get the world vision and our govern- The fact is, the .Japanese people are ments shall follow the Golden Rule.

wounded, not with a quick anger but To my mind the latter is the construc- with a deep and abiding hurt. They tive method and the hopeful method.

bad thought that they were being In the midst of these trying circum- given a place among the civilized na- stances we have met uniform courtesy, tions of the world and suddenly they consideration and kindness. There are given what seems to them a "slap has not been a single exception from in the face." They had hoped they the day we landed to the day we left.

might be treated as the European na- IVe wish more· Americans could have tions are treated and it is a serious the privilege of the favored few who shock to their pride to find that they can touch the home life of the J apa- a.re not. It is not what was done but nese, talk with the Japanese people of the way it was done. all classes, witness their progress along The Effect: In one remote town a all lines, sec their fine spirit. If there young English-speaking teacher came were more knowledge there would be to his missionary in deep grief. ' 'His better undertariding, deeper apprecia- pupils were discrediting Christianity tion.

because of what America has done. No sovereign remedy j yet I do be- How could he reconcile the two f" lieve that there is wide opportunity This is by no means an isolated case. for the Christians of America to use Nevertheless, a~ far as we have been their influence through the press, able to ascertain by wide inquiry, through individual effort, and through neither this attitude nor the stand united action that something may be taken here and there by certain in- done diplomatically to soothe the dividualistic Japanese Christian lead- wounded feelings and to restore the ers that Christian missionaries should self-respect of the Japanese people.

withdraw is, as yet, very widespread. MRS. FRANK GAYLORD COOK.

The danger is more remote, that the wOlmd will fester, that the present God grant us wisdom in these coming days, spirit of inquiry will turn to discon- And eyes unsealed, that we clear visions see tent and the discontent to resentment. Of that new world that He would have us Where this might end, who knows? Some foresee a great Oriental Entente, build, 'J'o life '8 cnnoblelnent and His high ministry.

~Se!cmea.

HOME MISSION BULLETIN BE WITH US tions, machinery, devices, efficiency, expertness; they could visit our great Be with us while the New World greets stores and mercat;ltile establishments, The Old World througiug all its streets, and learn the American ways of doing Unveiling all the triumphs won business; they could inspect our By art or toil beneath the sun; schools from the kindergarten to the And unto common good ordain university, and note our educational This rivalship of hand and brain. policies and methods; they could even see our church edifices, and the build- Thou, who hast here in concord furled ings and grounds which serve ex- The war flags of a gathered world, tensive charities and philanthropies; Beneath OUr Western skies fulfil but they could not see Christianity, The Orient's mission of good·will, for they were not invited into Chris- And, freighted with love '. Golden Fleece, tian homes; they did not learn, Send back its Argonauts of peace. through personal contact and friendly intercourse, the motives, the springs For art and labor met in truce, of conduct and the fundamental be- For beauty made the bride of use, liefs of Christian men and women. We thank 'rhee: but, withal, we crave And so these distinguished Japanese visitors returned to their country The austere virtues strong to save, recommending the importation of many American products, and the The honor proof to place or gold, anoption of many American ways; The manhood never bought nor sold! but they did not recommend that Japan should become Christian as Oh make Thou us, through centuries long, America was. In peace secure, in justice strong; Around our gift of freed,)m draw The danger is, even in the prosecu~ The safeguards of Thy righteous law; tion of missions, that Christianity be And, cast in some diviner mold, institutionalized, and men meet insti- Let the new cyele shame the old. tutions rather than find Christians.

-Jorm Greenleaf Whittier. The Message HAND.PICKING IN HOME MISSIONS It is an old story that Jesus gave to men-a Life rather than Law. He By ALFRED WILLIAMS ANTHONY did not organize a church; He gath- ered about Him Disciples and sent Race relations tend to take care of forth Apostles. The Church came themselves when men know each other afterwards, organized by Paul. Jesus and sit down together to confer on did not draw up a constitution and common interests. Each church by-laws; He told men to love one should be an agency of neighborliness another, and to serve, and declared and service in its own environment. that the greatest amongst them was Weare reminded again of the funda- not he who held some high office, or mental need of personal religion, in- carried the portfolio of State, but he carnate in human fellowship, as the who was simple and humble and great need of our home mission field teachable, and ready to serve. today. The message must reach every There is danger lest Bigness may church, every pastor, every Sundayrun away with us. The immigrant school teacher, every individual Chriswho comes to America cannot take in tian, that the service which individ- America all at once; institutions, or- uals render to individuals in personal ganizations and missions have little contacts and personal relations, is the meaning for him; what he wants is a iinest kind of service the world hap friend, a bed, a meal, a job, a coat.

A deputation of Japanese came once to America to discover what things, if any, might be taken back to their country for imitation and reproduction there. They could see our banks and learn our methods of banking; they could visit our great mills and factories, and report on inven-

HOME AND FOREIGN MISSIONS BULLETIN

ever known. For the sake of that and conditions of men; all ages, all kind of service Jesus Himself took kinds of attainments, all colors and upon Himself flesh, and became "as races. The ideal is for each local a Servant" and lived amongst men. church to include within its ministries all peoples, howsoever diverse they The Means may be, who come into the neighbor- hood and become a part of the com· There can be no substitute for self. munity. Money is easy to give-it is hard enough for some people, and yet com- This ideal means that, in addition paratively speaking it is far easier to to organized missions which must be give money than to give self. Jesus carried on in their great movements did at one time ask a young man to and undertakings, both at home and part with all his property, distribut- abroad, the local church within its ing it to the poor, in order that that own environment, through the life young man might really discover the and the service of every member, value of his own self, and whether or JUllst fulfill its apostleship, each memnot he was willing to give that; and ber being an apostle sent forth in the Jesus also stated at one time that the name and the spirit of Christ, to every biggest gift of all was the gift of self, individual with whom contacts and up to the very limit of dying for some- friendly relations can be established. one else. Missions need far more than The Gospel is preached best through old clothes that can be rummaged out deeds, and men are won most by the of garrets; or cold pieces which can intimate touch of hand and heart. be parted with when the feast is over; missions require far more than money From the leaflet of the same name printed by even; indeed the money is of little the Home Missions Council and Council of value save as it is converted into that Women for Home Missions. Single copies may priceless offering of somebody's self, be obtained free. in the person of the missionary. " 'Let us welcome, then, the strangers, Local churches must realize anew- Hail them as our friends nnd brothers, whether great or small-that genuine And the heart '8 right hand of friendship missionary opportunities lie right Give them when they come to see us.' about them, in the giving of self Gitche Manito, the Mighty, through friendly contacts and per- Said this to me in my vision. sonal service to the foreigners, to the Negroes, to the Jews-indeed to any "I beheld, too, in'that vision and every race, group, and condition All the secrets of the futnre, of men ill the neighborhood. Of the distant dnys that Ehall be. I beheld the westward marches The Ideal Of the unknown, crowded lIations. All the lancl was fuli of people, Christianity is essentially demo- Restless, struggling, toiling, striving, cratic. Jesus warned His Disciples Speaking many tongues, yet feeling against seeking place and preferment But one heart-beat in their bosoms." in the spirit of drawing distinctions and claiming superiority. Though -Longfelrow in "The Song of Hiawatha." coming to the Jews, and Himself a Jew, His ministry included the "Go ye and teach the next one whom you Greeks, the Romans, the Syro-Phrnnicians, and the dwellers of all the meetknown parts of the world of that day. He was Universal Brother, Brother to Man, woman, child, at home or on the all men. That is the spirit He gave to His followers. street- The ideal church is the one which That" God so loved them" each in thought has within its fellowship all classes so sweet He could not have them lost through sin 'B defeat, < But sent you with His message to repeat That pardon through His Son might be complete.

So shall onr land be saved from sore defeat And gather with the nations at His feet."

-Selected.

FROM MANY

LATIN AMERICA simply and clearly, and at the same The Gospel for Roadmenders time so wooingly, that he is rebuffed REV. JOHNSON TURNBULIJ, only by the most hardened hearts. In Canadian Baptist missionary at the last year 138 Indians accepted Cochabamba, Bolivia, writes of some Christ through his pleadings. His interesting experiences on a trip in nephew, who has been helping us un- the company of a native evangelist: pack and put things in order and " At midday we came upon a group giving us our daily class in Mam, is of eighty Indians repairing the road, a man of middle age and consecrated which the flood waters had disfigured to the work of the Lord. Every and in places completely destroyed. evening after chores are done, he goes We turned aside to speak to the over- off to the villages to hold services and seer, and readily obtained permission to seek new opportunities for bringing for Senor Barron to address the the Good News to those who have crowd. From a place of advantage never heard it. Last night, he and he called' the Indians and they sur- his industrious little wife trudged rounded him in a moment. After the twelve miles through the rain to sing, first few sentences off Came their hats, pray, and read the Bible with the for they realized that the message brethren in a village up in the was of a religious nature. Their in- mountains. He has the instincts of terest was aroused and deepened, and a good teacher and when the Bible their expressions of approval punctu- is read in Spanish he closely questions ated the preacher's remarks as he each one in the service to give the proceeded to unfold the plan of salva- meaning of the passage verse by verse tion, which to most, if not to all, was in Mam."

entirely new. Early in the afternoon another road-mending gang came in- How a Bible Built .. Chapel S to view, and there was no difficulty in OME eighteen years ago a Guate- mala Indian, his curiosity aroused obtaining permission to address the Indians. According to the pay list by the words "Santa Biblia" on the there were over two hundred in that cover, purchased a Spanish Bible from particular group. They were soon a colporteur of the American Bible collected around Senor Barron, who Society. He called in: some friends from the saddle preached in the to read to him the new strange book Quichua tongue. It was an impres- he had just secured; but no one was sive sight in that broad river bed, able to explain what they read. He under the blazing sun, to see the eager then sought help from the priest of attention with which the dusky listen- the town, and invited him to his home.

ers drank in the gospel story. " When the priest saw the Bible, he cursed him and left hurriedly, never Earnest lndian Evangelists to return. From that day the Indian REV. H. D. PECK, a Presbyterian had very little confidence in the priest. missionary who went out in 1922 For about fourteen years the book in to do evangelistic work among the that Indian's home was very little Indians in Guatemala, writes of a understood. Then his sister, who certain native evangelist named lived in a nearby town, met a Protes- Anselmo: "He talks to his fellow- tant evangelist and asked him to go tribesmen in the Mam Janguage so to Comalapa and explain the contents 918

1924J NEWS FROIlI MANY LANDS

of the book to her brother. The first The owner of the 'l'estament is noW in day the evangelist was there, which charge of that work, a voluntary was August 20, 1919, the Indian and worker, a farmer by day and a his own family and that of his brother preacher by night, conducting four -ten in all- accepted Christ as their or five services weekly." Saviour, threw their images away, and the man himself, who was then A Paraguayan Politician about fifty-five years old, quit drink- ing. Feeling that his people ought F ERNEST DIEM, of the Inland to have a fitting place of worship, the • South America Mission, writes Indian who bought the Bible eighteen of a prominent politician of Paraguay, years ago, started to put up a chapel, who was converted six months ago: which has been built little by little "He is now a baptized member of the by their own labor and at their own Church, a regular attendant at all expense. Rev. R. R. Gregory says, of the services, and a faithful personal "The very best workmanship has worker. He is, of course, of the better gone into the building. I have not class and is intelligent and well seen an Indian house to compare educated. Members of his class do with it." not attend the meetings in the mis- sion, and are utterly indifferent as A Torn Testament to the claims of the Gospel, though most of them are not strong Catholics T HE Bible House of Los Angeles and are very friendly with us. Lately has received from its represen- Don Molina, the politician, has been tative in Managua, Nicaragua, the appointed by the Governor as vice- following account of one of its pub- president of the City Council. While lications, "the Underscored Spanish perhaps it ought not to be sought New Testament": "It was given to after by Christians, one may be greata family in Managua years ago, but ly used of God in such a capacity. they had no use for it and finally J-olast week the Catholic priest filed a threw it in with a pile of rubbish to petition with the Council for a monthbe burned. A little girl and her ly gift for the upkeep of the mother from the country happened "Church." Mr. Molina decided that to be visiting with that family and as long as he was on the Council it the little girl picked up the cast-off couldn't be. He asked his fellow- B~ok and took it with her as a play- councilmen why, since the Governthmg. The mother soon took posses- ment received absolutely no benefit sion of the girl's treasure and upon from the Church, should they give arrival at their little hut put it up money which might be used for a beton a shelf, to be used leaf by leaf, to ter purpose 1 The petition was roll her cigarettes in. One day the turned down. husband, a drunken vicious fellow, the terror of the district, happened to EUROPE see the Book and ordered his wife to put it aside as he wanted to read it. A Wireless Peace Message Day by day he devoured the contents of the remaining pages and in the ON behalf of more than four million reading was joined by another "bad- school children of Great Britain, man, " also a drunkard, and very the League of Nations Union sent handy with knife and gun. Their the following wireless greeting to the conversion was the beginning of a children of the rest of the world on great work. This happened six years Saturday, Juue 28th, the Fifth Anago. We now have a congregation niversary of the signing of the where they live, a goodly number of Covenant of the League of Nations: baptized believers and I have preached to congregations of sixty and eighty. We,. the children of Great Britain, greet the chIldren of all the other countries of the world. Today, the 28th of June, is the fifth birthday of the Oovenant of the League of Nations. Let UB all in every country learn

to love and understand each other. Let us a number of high school pupils began help people to see that all the world must for the first time to read their Bibles. be united so that the League shall be the In Sart, the meetings were held in Family of Nations with no one left out or a dance hall and many confessed unhappy or hungry. This is what God our Christ. At Bruges, during a national Father in Heaveu wants for all His children, holiday, seventeen young people stood then war shall cease and there shall be peace up and consecrated themselves to and good will among men. Christ. One colporteur who took two years of training in the Bible School Scotch Religious Conditions sold a thousand New Testaments and forty Bibles in one year, besides dis- RECENTLY published statistics tributing many tracts and leading a show that 36~ per cent of the number to Christ. people of Scotland are outside the churches. The communicants of the In other places the ground is hard Church of Scotland represent more and requires much prayerful cultivathan one quarter the entire adult tion before the Good Seed will take population, and those of the United root. Many priests openly and secret- Free Church 18 per cent. While the ly oppose the giving of God's Word adult population has grown in twenty to the people. They fear the effect years by more than seven per cent, of Bible teaching. Some of the the communicant rolls of the two evangelical Christians are sorely great Scottish churches have increased persecuted but they remain steadby less than five per cent. In twenty fast. Many who were formerly hostile years the Roman Catholic population are now reading the Bible and are has increased from something more attending gospel meetings. There is than 8 to 12 1-3 per cent of the total among the people more manifest oppopulation, and this increase is almost position to Protestantism than to the entirely due to immigration. In those Word of God. centers where the Roman Catholic immigrants have settled, their influence Many more places could be occupied has been exercised to the disintegra- as mission centers if the Belgian tion of Scottish Sunday observance, Gospel Mission funds were sufficient and has given rise to many social and to meet the necessary expense. "In religious anxieties. The two great spite of the lack of workers," writes churches in Scotland have increased one reporter, "the Lord is shaking in forty years by 34 per cent, whereas Flanders awake." the adult population has increased by 49 per cent. On the other hand, Is Germany Turning to God 1 during the four years, 1919-22, the churches have enrolled more young UNDER this heading Rev. R. Boyd communicants than in any previous Morrison writes in The Life of four years of their history, and the Faith of conditions which he has proportion of these young communi- noticed recently in passing through cants to the general growth of adult Germany. He says: "A great repopulation bears the high percentage vival movement has for some time of 56 as against about 52 ten years been springing up among Lutherans, ago. affecting not so much the clergy as the rank and file of the people. Num- Belgian Gospel Mission bers having become truly converted and, finding the poverty of the mes- TENT evangelistic campaigns in sages from many of the pulpits, have, Belgium were conducted in several without severing themselves from the centers last summer with very en- churches, organized meetings of their couraging results. At IJiege, boys own. These gatherings are of the and girls joined a special Bible class. most inspiring kind. Led by laymen, About two hundred people attended as a rule, they are marked by freedom the meetings at Huy, near Liege, and from sectarianism, freedom from for-

NEWS FRO:'.! MANY LANDS

mality in worship, hearty singing of Taglialatela points out in the Chris- evangelistic hymns, spiritual fervour, tian Advocate that this is not a keenest interest and a real revival victory for the Romanists, though spirit. Religious work is everywhere they claim it as such: "First, the growing rapidly. The sale of Catholics did not succeed in their Christian literature has greatly in- claim that religious teaching should creased, and the circulation of be given only by people authorized Christian magazines is ever widening. by the Church-that is by the priests.

In no past year of history have so Gentile declared that any regular many people in Germany been con- teacher formally showing his willing- verted and baptized as in this year. ness to give this instrtlction would Such are testimonies borne by the be appointed for it. The result of representative of a great printing this was, and is, now, that Protestant house and a pastor with whom I con- teachers, too, and others who sympa- versed lately." thize with Christianity but do not ac- cept the dogmatic structure given it Revival in Czecho-Slovakia by the church, teach religion to the T HERE is no spot in Europe to- boys and girls of Italy.·Further day, says a writer in the Christian World, "more filled with the joy teachers and pupils have started to of God than Czecho-Slovakia. The discuss freely the different interprenew religions movement is so pro- tations of Christianity. '1'he agent of nonnced that the situation is amazing. the British and Foreign Bible Society, Tn February, 1920, after attaining resident in Rome, has said that he has freedom from Austria, a large number never received so many requests for the Testament and portions of it as of Czech Roman Catholic priests, since this new law was enacted. The who had long been chafing under the same thing applies to the other autocratic rule of the Vatican, sent Protestant publishing houses in the to the Pope a series of demands for demand for Protestant literature, church reform. On these demands which is greatly sought after by being refused, upwards of 170 of the teachers in every province of Italy."

priests seceded from the Church of Rome, married, and settled down in Refugee Students in Greece their parishes. They have been fol- WHEN Dr. Landes, the General lowed by over a million of the people Secretary of the World's Sunin 108 parishes, and a new body day School Association visited Greece called "The Czecho-Slovak Church" in March, he met a group of Greek and Armenian students from the has been c-reated. They have re- School of Religion of Constantinople, nounced belief in trans-substantiation. who, because of their nationality, had given up the confessional, ceased to been obliged to leave Constantinople ascribe divine honors to the virgin and were continuing their studies in Mary as the "mother of God," and Athens. Inasmuch as these students they make the Bible the sole text book are all ardent Christians and preof religious instruction in their paring to give their lives to Christian work, arrangements were made to schools. They have renounced all al- have ten of them give foul' months of legiance to the Pope and have been excommunicated. "

Religious Teaching in Italy their summer time to organize Sun- day-schools in the refugee camps THE new minister of education in located in and around Athens and Italy, Court Casati, has recently Saloniea. Over a million Greeks and declared his purpose to maintain the Armenians are now to be found in religious' instruction introduced into these camps. A letter received at the the schools by his predecessor, Profes- World's Association headquarters sor Giovanni Gentile. Professor A. from one of these students working 5

in the Salonica District says: "There guages, and religions. I was longest is a whole community here from in Kenya, an English colony five times Pontus in Asia Minor on the coast of as large as the state of Virginia. the Blaek Sea. They are Greek Evan- There were at least a dozen nations gelieal Pr(}testants. We helped them and languages in Kenya, not to speak organize a church in a house and also of other differenees in the people. a Sunday-school for the children; the Another striking thing is the improvewhole town is now a refugee Protes- ment in the eondition of women. The tant town. An appeal has gone to men used to do the fighting and the the Greek government officials for a women the work. Of their own acplaee of worship and they have eon- cord this has stopped: a great step sented to the use of the old Moslem forward. There are government mosque." workers going about showing people how to raise things better. 'l'he na- AFRICA tives raise good tobacco and eotton. In one eountry the production of Thirsty Souls in Egypt cotton is growing appreeiably. Eng- land is determined to raise her own PERCY K. ALLEN, speaking in cotton. The one thing that struck London on the importanee of me on the way down the coast is the Christian literature for Moslems, re- determination of the natives to have minded his audienee that, at the Nile an education. They are going to have ,Mission Press in Cairo, all the staff it. I went out in the country and and workers meet together for prayer saw what the people themselves are and seek God's blessing on the day's doing. ¥issionary students have work. Goo is honored from the very started schools. In one school forty start at the Press, Mr. Allen told of or fifty students were being taught. a visit which he and Dr. Zwemer -Record of ChrisMan Work. made to the Al-Azhar University in Cairo, with their pockets full of Abyssinian Moslems Won literature, which they were able to give away quite freely. He was TWENTY years ago a prominent llstonished at the readiness of the sheik of Amara, led by what he people to reeeive the books. The same thought to be a vision, began preachthing happened at a market meeting ing to Moslems from the Koran. But four hundred miles up country from in his studies of the Koran he so con- Cairo, and also in other places. He stantly ran across references to the urged that this is the great day of Bible that he thought it wise to proopportunity, saying "Vherever you cure a copy from the Swedish mission go in Egypt, you cannot help being for closer examination. Thereafter struck with the time t.hat has been he began gradually to draw away oeeupied and money that has been from the Koran to the Bible and was spent in bringing water to these accused of heresy by his Moslem acpeople. In the same way God is quaintances. Brought before King wanting to bring the Water of Life Menelik in 1907 he was ordered to to all these thirsty souls." present his opinions in debate with learned Moslems. The result was his IDlpression. of Africa Today exoneration and a royal permission to teach Moslems of Abyssinia where SPEAKING at Hampton Institute and when he wished. But further of his recent visit to Africa, Dr. contact with Christians brought him James H. Dillard, president of the to the evangelical faith and he was Jeanes and Slater Funds, said: "The baptized by an Abyssinian priest, thing that impressed me most in taking the name of N oaje KriS'tos Africa was the tremendous variety of (" Christ '8 own possession"). The nations. They differ among them- Swedish mission at Addis Ababa selves more than the nations of Europe–in habits, customs, lan-

U24] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

deepened his Christian knowledge. by white missionaries. The white Being a powerful preacher he soon missionaries make regular trips began to draw Mohammedans to through the country to help and en- Christ. His more intimate disciples courage the native evangelists. Not he appointed leaders, apportioning long ago a native Christian went to the country into districts with a teach these people and he was eaten. leader for each district. His death The cannibals are punished very checked the movement, but it is esti- severely by the Government when mated that about seven thousand have they are convicted of this practice, through his preaching come out of and so the evil is somewhat less preva- Islam to Christianity. The testimony lent. In spite of this danger, howof all acquainted with these new ever, there is no lack of volunteers Christians agrees as to their great for the work. On one trip of superresponsiveness to Christian truth. vision Mr. Grisset, of the station, brought in three almost starved How Christianity Spreads skeletons of orphans. Their mothers had been killed by a leopard and WRITING of an extended tour in their fathers were almost dead with his district in Southern Nigeria, sleeping sickness. As soon as they a missionary of the Church Mission- are restored to health they will be ary Society thus explains the wonder- placed in Christian families and ful growth of the Christian trained to be sent back to their own community that is to be found today: people as missionaries.-Continent. "Being a trading people, they visit other .places and see something of South Africa and Missions Christianity. Or it may be that a Christian comes and stays in the town REV. NELSON BITTON, secretary and introduces the gospel message. of the London Missionary Generally young men are the first to Society, has been spending the aubecome interested. They go about in tumn in South Africa at the invitaegbes (companies), and what one does tion of the Congregational Union of the others want to copy. These com- that country. He stated before startpaniesmay number anything from ten ing that the purpose of his visit was, to one hundred. The faith and as quoted in the Christian Century, knowledge of the inquirers are but "to arouse interest in the world-wide small now; but if we get a teacher work of the London Missionary to occupy such a place (and in my Society among all Congregational district there are dozens of places bodies in South Africa. These, it like this) we will have a church, must be remembered, are roughlY congregation, and a mission station divided into three groups, the white going strong in a few years. The congregations, the colored 'churches, converts will be baptized and all will which are self-supporting and se1£- be willing to pay something towards governed, and the native churches, the support of the teacher, and thus founded by the London Missionary the place will become self-support- Society which are affiliated with the Congregational Union. I am hoping ing. " that as a result of the visit, an auxili- ary will be established which will Cannibals Still in Africa provide for an annual tour of the South African churches by a mission- T HE Mekae people of Africa are ary from one of our fields elsewhere. more fond of human flesh than It is felt that there is a need to link they are of pork, writes Dr. Alfred up church thought and life there, B. Lippert, engaged in medical work, both white, colored and native, with Ebolowa, Cameroun. For several the missionary work of the Church years missionary work has been going throughout the world. If, for inon among these people, but mainly through native Christians supervised

stance, a missionary from Papua can taking place that will ultimately bring home to South Africa some- make their lot brighter and happier. thing of the problems of his work and In old days it was almost impossible the needs of his people the whole out- for women to become Christians, but look of the Church will be broadened. now reports from missions show that This type of work, too, will also serve the number, of women conyerts is to draw closer the spiritual links between Great Britain and South steadily on the increase. One mission Africa." tells of more women converts than men in the past three years."

A Oentnry in Zululand Many Jews Leave Palestine I N connection with the Natal Cen- MIGRATION figures of Palestine tenary, Ilanga lase Natal, a native have been rather disconcerting newspaper, points out the striking to Zionist leaders in recent months, contrast between the Zulus of 1824 statistics lately quoted in the House and those of the present day. A of Commons would indicate. J. H. hundred years ago there was not a Thomas, colonial secretary, when single native in clothes and the sight asked as to the development of Palesof white men "was a terror and a tine by Jewish immigrants said that nightmare, by which those who had in 1922, 7,844 ,Jews and 284 non-Jews seen the strange people were haunted had immigrated into Palestine, Durfor days." Where sugar cane now ing the same period 1,603 Jews and grows WR& the home of lions and 1,436 non-Jews emigrated. In 1923, elephants. Even by 1854 there were 7,42J1 Jews and 517 non-Jews imvery few Christian natives; any who migrated and 3,466 Jews and 1,481 became believers did so at the risk non-Jews emigrated. During the first of their lives. In material progress three months of 1924, 923 Jews and there has been a remarkable trans- 103 non-Jews immigrated and 893 formation. Good homes, good culti- J'ews and 178 non-Jews emigrated.- vation, a habit of steady work, though The Continent. not yet the universal rule, are by no means solitary exceptions, and there Ambitious Persian Boys has been an immense advance in education. What may not another cen- OVER four hundred boys are entury show if the Zulus take full rolled in the Tabriz Memorial advantage of the opportunities now School, Tabriz, Persia. Every day open to them of becoming a progres- there are :five chapel groups; two each sive Christian people? for the smaller Persians and Armeni- ans, and one in Turkish for the older NEAR EAST Persian boys, and the Armenian and Syrian boys too. "Nearly all of them Moslem Women Oonverts are hungry for an education," writes Rev. Burt S. Gifford. "The eager- AFTER describing the wonderful ness with which some of them seize changes that have taken place every opportunity to advance is inamong Moslem women, in an article dicative of their native ability and in the Church Missionary Outlook for possibility of development. Some of September, the Rev. W. W. Cash these lads have made wonderful says: "What I have said refers only strides forward, and are excellent in to a small proportion of the women in character and scholarship. Last year Moslem lands. There is still a large two of them went to the University body of women, invisible to the world, of North Carolina', and are doing living in harems under the old con- excellent work. One of our graduates ditions. It is true, however, that the went to America, graduated from the number 'of girls in schools is veri University of Colorado, came back in:uch on the increase, and that even here, taught several months in our among the poorer classes changes are

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

school, and is now on the Finance and five non-Christian villages, and thus Administration Commission' for the reach over 200 children every Sunday. Government. "

INDIA King Feisal's Bible Christian Banking in India DURIXG a visit paid by Dr. Boyd, CHRISTIAN cooperative banks are agent of the British and For- one of the agencies which various eign Bible Society in the Levant, a missions and the Y. M. C. A. have special copy of the Arabic Bible was worked together to establish in India, presented to King Feisal at Bagdad. in order to help the native Christi!J,ns to a surer economic basis and especial- "This interesting fact is related, that ly to keep them out of the clutches there lies on the king's table, where of the money lender. The bank in he keeps the books he really uses, a a little village of weavers called copy of the Bible, New Testament in- Lohargawn is a subsidiary of the cluded, that had been. presented by Christian Central Cooperative Bank the Jews of Bagdad!" Dr. Boyd re- of Cawnpore. At Lohargawn the marks: "Truly a remarkable channel preacher is the secretary of the bank, for propagating the Gospel of Jesus and the other evangelists help him in Christ-from a Jewish community to keeping up the interest in things. their Moslem king." But the decisions are usually left to the members of the bank themselves.

Sunday-schools in Syria They are responsible for the money THE Syria Sunday School Union borrowed, and for the kind of mem- was admitted as a unit of the bers they admit. Among the rules World's Sunday School Association, that they have made, with the help of at the Glasgow Convention. Its Exec- the Indian evangelists, are those preutive Committee is composed of four scribing that a member must be a missionaries elected by the United Christian and he must not retain the Missionary Conference of Syria and little lock of hair on the top of his Palestine, four Syrians elected by head which is there regarded as a the Syria Sunday-school Convention, mark of Hinduism. He must attend and the Field Secretary of theWorld's church regularly. Hc must be a con- Association. This committee meets tributor to the Church, and he must semi-annually. While its field is send his boys to the Christian school. technically that of Syria under the The rules have been enforced, too.

}<'rench mandate, correspondence' is conducted with and literature dis- Indian Christian Officials A tributed in Syria, Palestine, Mesopo- CCORDING to the Calcutta Guar- dian, among the prominent tamia and parts of Asia Minor. The great falling oil' in the number of Indian Christians in the city of Mad- students enrolled in missionary day ras today are a Judge of the High schools, due to the rise of national Court, the Judge of the City Civil schools, is causing a corresponding Court, the President of the Madras decrease in Sunday-school enrollment, Legislative Council, and the Princi- and the committee has to face in a pal of Pachiappa's College-the pre- new way the problem of reaching the mier Hindu college which, according unreached. One plan put into very to a trust deed made in bygone years, successful operation is to organize does not admit non-Hindu students bands of volunteer workers in the to the institution. The last-named boys' boarding schools, who go out fact is significant, since the govern- two by two into nearby villages on ing body is entirely Hindu. The dis- Sunday afternoon to conduct Sunday- tricts are full of highly-placed Indian schools. Ten boys in the Lebanon Christian officials. There are few . Boys' School at Suk-el-Gharb go into municipalities, triluks, or district

boards in the Madras Presidency in Of 900 persons inoculated three or which Indian Christians do not sit four have died; of some 6,000 not as elected members from a general inoculated 500 died. Within three constituency. days three members of one family have been buried within five yards of Faithful under Persecution our back fence. Yesterday one of our converts, whose wife refused to I N the village of Dayalpur, North join him in his new religion, brought India, there is a community of one her to our gate where she died in two hundred Chamars, which, as a whole, or three hours. Her people would has not only confessed Christ in not touch her, so the police had to baptism, but has undergone the most bury her, which they did in a pit rigorous persecution and loss for the along the roadside within ten yards sake of the Name. These are not of our compound walL" "rice Christians." It is no question of bakshish and blankets. Their A Christian Medical Guild witness for Christ is all the more remarkable as they are naturally timid, A SMALL number of Indian Chrisand for the first time in their history tian medical students at Agra find themselves at variance with the powerful landowners of the village. have united to form a Guild of st. As soon as their intention became known the owners of the village and Luke, and have added to their memthe adjoining land began to use every bership former students now in pracmeans in their power to prevent them tice in different parts of India. The from becoming Christians. They Guild has produced an attractive little threatened, argued, persuaded, all to card of membership with thirteen no purpose; They threatened to take names upon the roll. The objects are: their cattle, confiscate their land, (1) To bind medical men together burn their houses and take their as disciples of Christ; ( 2) to help property. After these threats had one another by prayer. The rules of been made at one large village the Guild are: (a) To pray daily; gathering, a Chamar rose and said, (b) to read some portion of the Bible "You may take everything we have, daily; (c) to attend church every and our lives in the bargain, but we Sunday if possible; (d) to be regular are determined to embrace Christiani- in partaking of the Lord's Supper. ty." Persecution of many kinds, A Bible class for the Guild is held extending into the smallest details of every fortnight by Miss A. F. Wright, daily life, has followed their baptism, the principal of the Queen Victoria but they have not wavered. High School, Agra.

Surrounded by Plague Child Widows of India REV. C. G. ELSAM, Disciples T HE last government census of missionary in Maudaha, India, India discloses that there are no writes:· "Weare literally living in less than 15,000 widows under five the midst of death here in Maudaha. years of age, 100,000 b?-tween five and The plague has spread all around us, ten, 279,000 between ten and fifteen, having been carried into the villages and over 500,000 between fifteen and by the people forsaking the town of twenty. The one encouraging fact Maudaha. About five hundred per- in this black picture is that the figure sons have died of plague in the last for the smallest of these poor childthree months, approximately eight widows, those under five years old, per cent of the population in our im- represents a decrease on the last cenmediate vicinity. None of our Chris- sus, when the figure was 17,70:;. The tians have had the disease. This is Missionary Herald, which gives these proof of the efficacy of inoculation. figures, quotes the Dnyanoda.ya ~ We earnestly commend to all Europelms in India, officials and non· officials (espedany

19~4J NEWS FROM "MANY LANDS

leisured English ladies, who can do much), in the sale of the paddy harvest. to Swarajists and Liberals, to reformers and Denied education in the past, Burmese pundits, to missionaries and Indian Chris- girls are now beginning to avail them- ti:m leaders all alike, these heart-breaking selves eagerly of the government – figures, behind which there lie untold sor- schools for women established by the rOW8 and sufferings of nearly a million of English. Marriage is in Burma an our helpless sisters in India, everyone of absolutely free contract, in which the them a challenge to India's boasted advance position, the obligations, and the in culture, civilization, and political state- rights of the two contracting parties craft_ They are figures which constitute a are equal. This is particularly shown loud call to every one of us to join forces in the disposition of property. with all who are patriotically-minded enough to feel the stinging shame of this blot on All property belonging to a woman In{lia'8 fair name. before marriage belongs to her abso- lutely, but all profits arising from Me:morial to Ram.abai the investment of property of either husband or wife, or the earnings T HE trustees of the Ramabai Mukti made by business or labor, constitute Mission at their last meeting voted "joint property," which neither one to establish a memorial to Pandita can deal with or alienate without the Ramabai, and agreed "that a Bible consent of the other. Institute would be a fitting memorial to one who loved the Word, labored Chinese Christians in BurDla for the Word, and strove to glorify the Word, and if it were left to the A VERY superior class of Chinese choice of the late Pandita, they have live and trade in Burma in large no" hesitation" in concluding where her numbers, and many of them have choice would lie." The trustees re- become Christians. When American quest prayer "that the children of Baptist missions went to Burma over God all over the world may be moved one hundred years ago the Chinese to supply the necessary funds for the were there. They were attracted to erection and maintenance of a Bible the Gospel from the first. They arc Institute which will be in Poona or more receptive to Christian teaching near Kedgaon, and that men and than when they are at home in their women equipped mentally and own 'land, and they occupy a strategic spiritually and who have studied the place in the economic life of Burma. Word at the feet of the Master, be led Rangoon has a larger Chinese popula- to volunteer their services to teach in tion than native Burman, and the the Ramabai Memorial Bible Insti- smallest jungle village has for its tute. " business man a Chinaman. The Bur- mans trust them implicitly and the The Free Women of Bur:ma. trust is merited. For years there has been a Chinese church in Rangoon and WHILE the Burmese man has, by Mr. Douglass baptized about thirty in Bassein in the early days of the " force of the combined influences work there. The Chinese of Rangoon of Buddhism and climate, become maintained a mission school and either an indolent, harmless monk, Christian hostel for many years at or an easy-going amiable, pleasure- their own expense. About five years loving countryman, the Burmese ago the one hundred or more converts woman, influenced in no less degree at Bassein put up a school building by religion, untrammeled by conven- at their own expense, and after the tion, and gifted with freedom of Mission had paid for the transporta- action from her earliest youth, has tion" of two young graduates of developed into an individual of Swatow Academy in China, the marked -intelligence and strong Chinese of Bassein and Mandalay as- character. The women are the traders sumed their support. Now the loyal of the country; with them large con- , tracts are often made by government offici;tls. They keep the stalls in the bazaars, and they aid their husbands

group of Chinamen in Mandalay has and Europe, Teapot Dome disclosure'S built the first Chinese church building -all these are factors in producing in Burma. They have an excellent a growing skepticism regarding sobuilding and have given liberally for called 'Christian civilization. One its construction, but the work is sore- expression of the new patriotism was ly in need of funds. the organization four months ago of a Chinese Ku Klux Klan, or 'Order A Buddhist Priest Finds Peace of the Three K 's' as it is called in the vernacular. Its professed aims are A Tibetan Buddhist priest who for as noble and beneficent as those of many years had sought to find of its American counterpart. As in relief from the burden of his sins and America it proposes simply to insist power to overcome them, spent several -secretly, of course-on Chinese beyears in fruitless pilgrimage in India ing good Chinese. It has adopted the and, after his return to Tibet, learned regalia as well as the name of our Arabic and read the Koran, but found American KKK movement." no light. Then a Tibetan peddling merchant, who, having sold his wares Thousands of Testaments in India, was presented with a Gospel of Luke in the border town of Ghoom, REV. W. S. STRONG, sub-agency gave it to this priest on his return. He secretary for North China of the was so stirred by what he read that American Bible Society, wrote in the he left his monastery, alleging an- late summer: "General Feng's men other pilgrimage. After about eight- are busy these days. When not drilleen days' journey on foot, he arrived ing, they are making roads; and one at the town of Ghoom, very weary benefit we will have as it result of the and footsore but with great longings Fengtien Chihli war scare is that a to know more about Jesus. The system of roads will soon connect Pekmissionaries had ,the great joy of ing with J ehol, with Lanhsien on the opening up the Word of God to him Peitaiho Line, and the extension of and he found the peace which he had the Western system. I had a long so .hopelessly sought for so many talk with our old friend Mr. Frank years. Yung Tao as to the needs at General Feng's army camps. He very readily OHINA fell in with my idea, and at once bought 2,000 New Testaments for the A Chinese Ku Klu", Klan Nanyuan Camp. He will be up here on Friday next, and we will then EUGENE E. BARNETT, Y. M. talk about needs in other camps. He C. A. secretary in Shanghai, is is convinced that without Scriptures quoted in The Christian Century as among the Christians there can be no saying that the same nationalistic strong church; and he feels therefore spirit that is felt so strongly in that this army church will mean a America is now rampant in China. great deal both to China and to the "In America we call it 100 per cent Christian Church in general through- Americanism," says Mr. Barnett. out China." "Foreigners in China 'are likely to call the same thing here by balder This reference to Mr. Yung Tao names-narrow nationalism, anti- and his purchase of 2,000 New Testaforeign feeling, anti-Christian senti- ments recalls his former wholesale ment. In certain quarters of China purchases of Scripture'S. It is he who, it is undoubtedly each and all of these during the past decade, after finding things. The prestige of 'Christian efforts to uplift his countrymen nations' has not been so low in China through physical, social, and intelfor many years, The European war, lecfual channels were not effective, the Versailles treaty, American took up the study of religions. Thus movies, the cabled news of strikes, led to the Bible, he was won by it, lynchings and violence in America

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

and, even before he himself became a Modernizing Nanking baptized Christian, bought 5,000 and MRS. GEORGE E. RITCHEY, 10,000 Bibles and Testaments at a missionary of the Disciples ·time and distributed them to his Church, writes of these changes which friends, to officials, and to teachers. she has seen in the historic Chinese city of Nanking during the four Chinese Girls' Idea of God years which she and her husband A MISSIONARY, conducting a have spent there: "The famous old class on the Apostles' Creed for Drum Tower that was the center of a group of Chinese young women filth and hovels and unkept graves, teachers, reports that when discuss- many of them with the coffins exing the conception of God she asked posed, is now the center of an at- tractive little park with flowers and them, "When you pray to God, in shrubs and winding walks. Electric what way do you think of Him 1" lights are on many of the main streets One girl named "Loving Vhtue" where before small kerosene lamps said "It is sometimes as if He were were used with little success. An on a throne, very high up, and very ordinance has been passed prohibitfar off. It is all beautiful, but I can ing beggars from the streets. The only see up as far as His shoulders. city is caring for them outside the I can nBver see His race, it is too city wall. Two blocks from our home wonderful and too far away. And are large mat sheds where hundreds then at other times I don't think of the very poor go daily to buy rice of Him as a person outside myself at at a mere pittance. This work has been carried on the last two winters Whom I am looking; it is as if a by philanthropic business men of the shutter goes down between me and city. All of these enterprises have the whole world. I don't realize any- been at the initiative of the Chinese thing round me, I am all closed in but only the influence of Christianity with Him. It is not a case of God could have brought them about." and myself, it is all together in my heart"~there she brokeofl' and said, "I can't explain it, only that the Attacking Chinese Illiteraey shutter goes down, and closes us both T HE Chinese Ambassador, Sao-Ke in." Alfred Sze, was awarded the de- gree of LL.D. by Syracuse University Another girl said: "When I lead in June. In his addresB at Commence· in prayer I always think of God, but ment, Dr. Sze said in part: "An when I pray by myself I think of American university graduate, Y. C. Jesus, and He is always there ready James Yen, has worked out a system to listpn to me."

D. V. :8. S. in China and Korea whereby he hopes to educate China's illiterate millions for democracy in a I N 16 provinces in China there are decade. His plan was to compile a 2,000 Daily Vacation Bible Schools, vocabulary of the most frequently.

1,000 of which are in the province of used characters in the spoken lan- Shantung. IJast summer about 2,000 guage so that the illiterate would not students gave their vacation (July have to waste time on characters that and Aug.) to help carryon these they would not use. A selection of schools. These volunteer teachers one thousand foundation characterEi have an experience of self-denying was made and under Yen's direction service which is invaluable to them four readers have been prepared, each and to the work. In Korea there reader containing twenty-four lessons are 250 D. V. B. S. conducted by a designed for twenty-four days of the Korean Committee representing the month. It is designed, therefore, World Association along with the that the illiterate may complete the Korean Christian forces. course in four readers, in four months

of classroom work at one and one- sent two representatives to Japan.

half hours each day. The readers Mr. Miyazaki spoke at the second completed, Yen's next problem was General Meeting of the Chinese to have the system adopted. A pub- Council in Shanghi. The Christians licity campaign was started in Chan- of China were second to none in their gsha, the capital of Hunan. A sympathy for Japanese Christians committee of seventy members, in- who suffered in the earthquake. This cluding business men, teachers and sympathy took the form of substantial students was organized. Parades and gifts. This improved relationship mass meetings were held with the between the Christians of China and result that teams of leaders were Japan is a matter of great and last- organized and sent out to register ing importance.

students from seventy-five districts.

In three afternoons 1,200 pupils were Japanese Courtesy registered. So far the work has been MISSIONARIES in Japan have successful, and is now being carried reported that they have been to other cities. Volunteer teachers shown much courtesy and kindness have enlisted to serve without pay, even in these recent months. A strikand in the citv of Chefoo the new ing illustration of this is given in a slogan 'Make Chefoo one hundred per letter from Rev. Royal R .. Fisher, cent literate within five years' is well Baptist missionary in Yokohama, who on the way toward accomplishment." writes: " We very much fear that reports with you have greatly falsi- JAPAN.KOREA fied the state of things here. Reports Japan's Christian Council of attacks on Americans I can brand as utterly false; not a friend of mine A N interesting summary of the has experienced anything but the activities carried on by the kindliest treatment during all these National Christian Council of Japan weeks of possible trouble. The work has suffered. America's position of since its organization in November, moral leadership has been compro- 1923, is given by the Japan Evange- mised and it is going to be hard to list. The work of reconstruction begun by the Federation of Chris- regain the confidence of many here. tian Missions in cooperation with the However, most of the people under- Federation of Christian Churches stand, although a noisy group have was taken over by the Council and a tried to make trouble. Our own asremarkably full survey of post-earth- sociates in the work have been most quake conditions was published in cordial and sympathetic and have the Japan Advertiser. At the same even been more than ordinarily kind. time other activities undertaken by The authorities have bBen worried for the first National Council have been fear some fanatic might 'start somefaithfully carried out. Commissions .on Education, Social Serviee,-Litera- thing' and we have been well watched ture, International Relations and over. The' police in Sendai were Evangelism have already accom- most kind in taking extra precautions for our family, as I have had to be plished considerable work. Mr. K. away most of the time; their detec- Miyazaki, a full-time Japanese sec- tives have kept a close watch of our retary eminently fitted for the posi- house. All in all, it would be hard tion has been secured. to find a people who could have been The organization of this National nicer to us during these trying weeks Christian Council has made possible and months. Reports of secession a friendly relationship with the Chris- from American support of our work tians of China throug-h the National have been grossly exaggerated; this Christian Council of China, previous- . has been talked of only by a few noisy ly impossible. The Chinese Council free lances who would have most to

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

gain from a break·up of the regular its only rule of faith and practice, the churches. Our leaders have been deity and atonement of Jesns Christ staunch as steel to us. " as its only hope, and the consoEdation of over·churched communities into a NORTH AMERICA union church as its motto. It is not a new denomination, but a cooperative Broadcasting World News fellowship with membership from many evangelical churches. Any min· RADIO "fans" should listen in to ister of evangelical faith that believes the broadcasting of World News firmly in the Bible may become a from Station W F B H (273 meter member. The Pioneer of a New Era, wave length), New York City. The publishl)d at Arnold's Park, Iowa, is Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis· the official organ of the Conference, sions has appointed Rev. Ernest F. and i& edited by Rev. R. Lee Kirk· Hall, D.D., to have charge of the land, D.D. broadcasting, under the title "World Neighborhood News," for half an Gospel Need in Oregon hour on Friday afternoons at 3: 30. Among the.subjects already presented DR. W. O. FORBES, who is now in this broadcasting are: ' , Christian superint.ending Sunday – school Silk Worms in China," "Medical missions in southern· Oregon, describes Miracles in India, " , 'Missionary Oregon's four southeastern counties as Athletics in the Philippines," "Chris· still "a spiritual wilderness." These tian Progress in Brazil," "The Pres· counties cover as much territory as ent War in China," "The Story of the whole state of Indiana, but the ~'eng, China's Christian GeneraL" population-35,OOO in all-is not yet above au average of one person to Reports will be given of conditions every square mile of space. The and work in various foreign countries, largest town numbers only 2,500 peo· especially China and Siam, the mis· pIe, and there are but four other mu· sion study topics for this year, and in nicipalities in the region which have South America where the Montevideo as many as 1,000 residents. The popu· Congress is to be held in April, 1925. lation is, therefore, almost entirely Stories for the "Children's Hour" rural. The people arc by no means will also be furnished by the Board of poverty.stricken, for dairy farming, Foreign Missions. grazing and logging afford a very sub· stantial basis of economic life, but the This is the first attempt by any section is isolated and there are prac· church to broadcast news regularly tically no facilities for travel. The from foreign mission fields and it is gospel missionaries resident in the hoped that it will prove to be valuable region are few indeed, and they reach enough to warrant its continuance. only a very small fraction of the popu· Letters will be appreciated by the lation in consequence. Dr. Forbes Board and the Radio Station if the says, "The inhabitants are growing plan is approved by those who "listen up in practical heathenism. More in." The Station address is WFBH, itinerant missionaries are urgently Majestic Hotel, 72d Street and Cen· needed.' '-The Continent. tral Park West, New York City. MOrD1onisD1 in Idaho UndenoD1inational Conference T HAT Mormon infl.uence is growing AN American Conference of Unde· rapidly in Idaho is graphically nominational Churches which was shown by a map prepared by Profes· incorporated one year ago with seven SOl' Deich,· of Gooding College, re· ministers, and several laymen, has ferred to in an article in The Chris· now about one hundred pastors and tian InteUigellcer, which states; "In evangelist.s rvith churches and state all southern Idaho, one third of the snperintendents in several states. The conference has been established UJlon the principles of taking the Bible as

population is Mormon. Most of the adequate, however, and in many cases communities of the eighteen counties there are no schools within a reasonon the map contain a Mormon popula- able distance of communities of contion running from twenty-five per siderable size. The enforcement of cent to ninety per cent of the total. compulsory attendance laws is un- The Evangelical work is badly handi- thought of. From one half to two capped by the over-churching of small thirds of the present generation of towns. This fractionalizes the non- school age children are not attending Mormon population and leaves the any school. Of those who do attend, Mormon church in possession of the larg<~ llumbers drop out before they community appeal. As the latter have completed the third grade. The stresses amusements, particularly rllral schools only try to meet a bare dancing, a goodly number of Evan- sixth-gTade requirement, usually fifthgelical Christian young people are at- grade requirements are barely met. tracted to it. When the depressing You ask why such conditions exist; spiritual influence of large blocs of ,Vhat seems to me to be the answer is Mormons is considered, it is clear that that the dominating religious influunless countervailing measures are ences have not demanded or even entaken, real Christianity in southeast- couraged educational opportunities, ern Idaho and similar sections of but rather more frequently have opother states, faees depletion and de- posed anything tending toward progfeat. The only cure for this condition ress. Protestant efforts are already is to be found in reciprocal exchange accomplishing much." of churches on a large scale, in a marked increase of all missionary and GENERAL church extension appropriations for the building of adequate churches and The Church and War community hOllses, especially the latter, and the elevation of ministerial THE influence exerted on public personnel to a much higher standard opinion by the Protestant Church than the 10(;al resources of the field in the matter of popularizing the conwill permit." ception of a warless world has been emphasized by the Christian Century, In Southern Louisiana whieh says: "Since the beginning of t.his year this has become a matter of FRANK E. TOMLIN, of the M. E. grave public concern. The action of Church, South, writes; " The students at Indianapolis,and later in other places, served to crystallize the French population of southern Louisi- issue for the churches. Churches of ana is estimated at approximately all communions continue to go on 300,000. Some of the conditions with record as unalterably opposed to the which we are faeed in the work among present war system. With the churchthem today are (a) an almost unbe- es alive, the stirring of a large portion lievable amount of illiteracy.; (b) a of the nation has followed in less than lack of illeals, depenrlability, and a six months. The first impulse of the sense of regard for obligations; (e) newspaper:; in dealing with this new indolence and lack of ambition; (d) situation was to deride and brand it. superstitions and false notions; (e) But it is noticeable that, in all save carly marriage and inordinately large the out-and-out jingo papers, the profamilies, and along with that (f) pov- miscuous htlrling of hard names has erty and insanitary living conditions. almost ceased. This change of tone is Illitera.cy running as high as one hun- at once an evidence of the progress of dred per cent is not uncommon in the movement and of the influence rural communities. There. are public that the Church really holds in the· schools, of conrse, and some are doing American community." good work. Facilities are far from

MISSJrONARY

The History of the Wesleyan Methodist a full account of the conflict between the Christian Church and the slave Missionary Society. By G. G. Findlay, owners of the West Indies. Volume D.D., and W. W. Holdsworth, M.A., B.D. III describes the founding of the in- 5 vols. 18s per volnme. The Epworth Press. London. 1921-1925.

These portly volumes, averagiug dependent Methodist Churches of some 500 pages each, not only chron- A~stralia and New Zealand, together iele the history of the Wesleyan Meth- wIth the memorable missionary tri- odist Missionary Society, but they umphs of Wesleyan missionaries in the likewise report the outstanding events barbaric and cannibal islands of the of the spread of the faith of the Wes- southern Pacific. Volume IV tells the leys in North America and Europe, as scarcely less interesting st.ory of the well as in the British extensions in Society's work in South and Central Australia and New Zealand. Volume Africa and of Methodist expansion in V completes the work intended origi- Europe, together with the establish- naUy as part of the centenary cele- ment at home of its Women's Auxilbration of the Society, held in 1913. iary. The final volume, just pub- With the exileption of the earlier lished, is devoted to the missions in work of the Church Missionary So- Ceylon, India and China, "where tre- ciety, these volumes constitute the mendous problems have been faced finest history of a separate Foreign and results achieved which have laid Missionary Society yet published-a a firm foundation for the triumphs of worthy output of more than a decade the future. The men and women of diligent collation of manuscript through whom this progress has been records, careful examination of in- won stand vividly out from these nmperable missionary periodicals, nu- pages. and native churches and native merous volumes by missionaries and Christians have their place of honor."

a general survey of other more re- The editor adds a detailed chronolog- mote sources of varied information. ical table which conneCts the mis- Though the lamented Dr. Findlay sionary history with events. of the and his talented daughter were so time-a valuable feature of the book.

central in the earlier period of pro- When we compare these five vol- duction, the chief collaborator is Mr. urnes, the equal number of even fuller Holdsworth, who not only reedited volumes of the Church Missionary the material left by Dr. Findlay, but Society's History, the scarcely less who has given unity and a clear relief Valuable history, issued by the Lonto the long record 0:1' Wesleyan mis- don Missionary Society, not to men- sionary activities. tion the fine volumes recording the In a later number of the REVIEW achievements of the Society for the an article will appear based on the Propagation of the Gospel and the work as a whole. Volume I was writ- B~itish and Foreign Bible Society, ten by Dr. Findlay, and contains an WIth the sketchy or antiquated histo- account of the century's development ries published by our great American of the Society at home and its earliest missionary societies, we can only hang missions, resulting in the establish- our heads in shame and hope that ment of the Methodist Church in the some speedy action may be taken by United States and Canada. In Vol- the older and larger societies of the ume II we find the stirring history of United States to remedy this great their missions in the West Indies, and defect and so supply our churches 933

with the inspiring accounts of what Mexico to two favorites who proved to our brethren and sisters abroad have be agents of the interventionist, Mr. accomplished in the planting and up- Hearst; the granting to Colonel building of the Kingdom of God in Greene of enormous copper concesthe non-Christian world. H. P. B. sions in Sonora; the granting of per- sonal concessions to the United States Mexico, An Interpretation. Carleton Beals. Ambassador Thompson with which he 280 pp. $2.50. B. W. Huebsch. New organized the United States Banking York. 1923. Company and the Pan American Railroad Company, the arranging Mr. Beals represents the viewpoint through the Cientifico law office of of the radical Mexican of today. Since Senor Joaquin Casasus, for immense this type of ~'fexican is now in control rubber concessions to Rockefeller and and will probably be still more now Aldrich. One hundred and forty-five that Sr. Calles is elected president, it million acres were practically given is an important book for North Amer- away to twenty-eight personal friends icans to read. It is the first attempt of Diaz. It is claimed that nearly in English to interpret, the history of 300,000,000 acres were sold for ap- Mexicu from the social standpoint. proximately five cents a hectare. In addition, immense oil and mineral con- The opening chapter on "Indian cessions were made to various Amer- Heritage" is a discerning statement ican and English companies, among of the fact that the backbone of Mex- them the Guggenheim interests. The ico is still Indian. The Spanish civili- rubber concessions to Rockefeller and zation and' religion is a kind of a Aldrich in Durango ruined a great veneer, with the Indians, still confid- number of poor towns; the privileges ing in their old gods, though they may granted temporarily to the Tlahualilo be dressed in the clothes of a modern Company on the Nazas River-a comsaint. The exploitation of those In- pany which Ambassador Henry Lane dians by the r.arly conquistadores in Wilson supported with his official inthe name of the Church of Rome, is fluence–ruinerl the river-dwellers; painted with appalling details. In no the grants in Sonora, immediately re- English book of rccent years has the sold to American land companies, de- Church, beginning with the abuses of spoiled the Yaquis of their river lands, the colonial days, beEm handled so precipitating a bloody struggle that frankly and severely. has lasted down to the Obregonregime, and which co'>t the Dictator alone no Mr. Beals believes that the solution less than 510,000,000 pesos; the of the Mexican problem is social. The concessions which divided Quintana many revolutions of the past hundred Roo among a few companies led to years have rarely had social signifi- ~evolts and massacres; the timber concance. But in the revolution of Juarez cessions in the State of Mexico to the and in the one from 1910-1920-still paper factories of San Rafael and going on-the dreams of the people Anexas wrenched away the village are working toward reality. "The holdings of the district. In other locreation of an intelligent people, de- calities the ejidos were enclosed by cently fed, decently sheltered, having the nearest great landholder. practical edll<'avion in civil responsibility is the only sure road out of the Diaz's methods could not continue. morass." Madero the dreamer and spiritualist, appeared at the psychological mave- Mr. Beals describes how the modern ment. But he was no match for the foreign exploitation was fostered by reactionary forces that set themselves Diaz on top of the old Spanish ex- against them. ploitation: "The sale of the lower half of Lower California for a song The third division of the book is to Mr. Lui;; Fuller, who passed it on given to a study of thc Social Fabric. to an American coloniring company; the sale or 7,fiOO,000 acres in northern

1924J THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY 93b

It is a more profound study than the "That t.he missionaries had not been interesting popular study by Prof. taken into the official counsels is evi- Ross in his "Social Revolution In denced by t.he statement made by Mexico. " The chapter on the "Rise Enoch F. Bell, Associate' Secretary of of the Mexican Proletariat" shows the American Board of Commission- how the labor unions have grown into ers for l!'oreign Missions, in taking ex- great power, and what the backing of ception to Senator l!'all's sudden the Amel'jean !<'ederation of Labor has ecclesiastical interest: 'So far as I done toward defeating intervention have been able to ascertain, our mis- movements in the United States. sionaries in Mexico do not suffer any The chapter on "The Aristocracy" disability or persecution either from gives revolting descriptions of the the Government or from non-govern- immorality and weakness of this class, mental sources. I cannot say that our developed largely during the Diaz ad- work has been seriously handicapped ministration. by any provisions of the Mexican con- The" Poreign Invasion" is treated stitution or laws passed thereunder.

without gloves. The foreigners have, I don't think that our government through the centuries, controlled the would ever be justified in demanding economic life, and hence the people. that the constitution of Mexico be But, aside from the early Church fa- changed to suit our tastes …. Under thers, none have seriously attempted no circumstances would we, the repre- to help the people to adjust them- sentatives of American churches, allow selves to the trying facts of their dis- our missionary interests to be so close- rupted social medium; and the ly tied up to those of political and people's own governing aristocracy financial interest that are involved in during historic crises have always Secretary Pall's 'letter….. ' "

stood on the side of the invader. The While one cannot agree with a numforeigners have little interest in the ber of positions taken in the book, it l-fexican or his fate, and though large- is an important contribution to the ly responsible for much of his present discussion of the Mexican Question.

sordid condition, they consider him s. G. I. worthless.

From the days of the Spanish cava- In the Land of Sweepers and Kings. Geo. lier to the modern American foreign E. Miller. 194 pp. $1.00. Powell and residents have been largely domposed Whit~. Cincinnati, Ohio. 1922.

of the adventurous get-rich-quick-type, This book by Dr. Miller, of the Disdevoid of moral principle or social ciples Mission in the Central Provresponsibility, inces in India, merits very high praise. 'rhere are no dull places in it. The The very ~evere strictures on Amer- author has come very close to the peoicans in Mexico are unhappily true ple in sympathy and service, and has so arranged his matter as to make his about many, but are unjust to a large descriptions reveal what he thinks and class who, though they maintain old knows by experience. politieal theories, yet ~till have affection for the Mexican people. A clear and .detailed statement is given con- Underlying the narrative is a somecerm~g the way the American petro- thing which makes a real missionary leum lllterests have manipulated their book of it. Without cant or melo- ~overn~ent and the Amemcan public drama the author tells of real people III th8lr efforts to control without and real animals, genuine trials and compensations, Mexico's 'enormous disappointments, all the while making supply of oil. clear that the task in which he is en- In regard to Mr. Pall's pretended gaged is one that might well command representation of missionary forces in the best talent and devotion of the asking for changes in Article 27 of the Church. The picture is wonderfullT Constitution, Mr. Beals says: true to nature. J. c. R. B. USED IN OVER ONE MILLION CHRISTIAN HOMES HURLBUTS STORYOf THE BIBLE BY JESSE LYMAN HURLBUT. D.l).

Recommended by all denomlnallons for H8 freshness and accurac" for Its simpH.lly of language, for Its freedom from doctrinal discussion.

A COMPANION VOLUME TO THE BIBLE FOR TEACHERs-5TUDENTS-FOR THE HOME AND SCHOOL One hundred and I!!irly-eight stories each complete in i teelf. yet forming a. continuous narrative of the Bible from Genesis to Revelation.

The world old stories rendered vit6lly interesting by the Doted author's fresh and realistic treatment. The Biggest and Best Illustrated Book for the p.lce. Octavo, 767 pages, 16 color plates, 21>0 illustrations. PRICE $2.00 On 1Ja/.6 '" aU BooksellaB. lkprBBentattlea Wanted.

THE JOHN C. WINSTON CO., Book and Bible Publishers, 25911ilnston Bldg., PhlladeIDhla NEW BOOKS mation, International COmmittee, Y. M. C. A. New York. 1924. :Bolivar, Liberator· of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and :Bolivia. Henry R. God Wills It·-a Tale of the First Crusade. :Lemly. 4·41 pp. Stratford Co. Boston. Wm. Steams Davis. 552 pp. $1.50. Mae- 1923. millan Co. New York. 1901.

Progress of World Wide Missions. Robert Following Fully. Wm. Gilmore. 143 pp. H. Glover. 372 pp. $2.50. George H. 28. Pickering & Inglis. Glasgow. Doran Co. New York. 1924. Studying the Book of Genesis. M. Ryerson Kingdom Without Frontiers. Hugh Mar· Turnbull. 120 pp. Presbyterian Com· tiu. 91 pp. $1.00. Macmillan Co. New mittee of Publication. Richmond. 1924. York. 1924. Salvage of Souls: A Memorial of the Work Arab at Home. Paul W. Harrison. 337 pp. of Gertrude Marley Fletcher. (China.) $3.50. Thomas Y. Crowell Co. New Isabel M. Angus. 112 pp. 28, 6d. Carey York. 1924. Press. London. 1924 Clash of Color. Basil Mathews. lW pp. Andrew Young of Shensi: Adventure in Medical Missions. J. C. Keyte. 313 pp. 75 cents, paper; $1.25 cloth. Missionary Education Movement. New York. 1924. 68. Carey PresS. London. 1924.

Christianity and, the Race Problem. J. H. The Missionary Genius of the Bible. Ver- Oldham. 265 pp. $2.25. George H. non F. Storr. 192 pp. 38, 6d. Hodder Doran Co. New York. 1924. & Stoughton. London. 1924.

Our Empire's Debt to Missions. J. N. Ogil- A Short History of India, From the Earliest vie. 78, 6d. I{odder & Stoughton. Lon- Times to the Present Day. E. B. HaveH. don. 1924. 290 pp. 38, 6il. Macmillan Co. New York and IJondon. 1924. Documents on Christian Unity, 1920-1924. Edited by G. K. A. Bell. 382 pp. $2.50. Progress of Education in India, 1917-1922. Oxford University Press. New York. 1924. J. A. Riehey. Eighth Quinquennial Re· view. Vol. I, 241 pp. 28, 3d. Vol. II, Hawaii, the Rainbow Land. Katherine 189 pp. 28. King. LOlldon. 1924. Pope. 358 pp. $3.00. 'f. Y. Crowell Co. New York. 1924. Mahatma 'Gandhi: An Essay in Apprecia- tion. R. M. Gray and Manilal C. Parekh. Chamberlain's Japanese Grammar. Revised Builders of Modern India Series. Illus. by J. G. McIlroy. 138 pp. $2.00. Uni- 136 pp. Cloth, Rs. 2; paper, Rs. 1.4. versity of Chicago Press. Chicago. 1924. Assoeiation Press. Calcutta. Paper, 3s. Student Christian Movement. London. What Shall I Do With My Lifel Harold I. 1924. Donnelly. 248 pp. $1.25. Presbyterian Board of Publication. Philadelphia. 1924. The Christian Forces in Bengal. W. Carey. 24 pp. 4 as. 5 Russell Street. Calcutta. Rural Religions Organization. J. H. Kalb 1924. and C. J. Bornman. 63 pp. University of Wisconsin. Madison, Wis. 1924. Out of the Miry Clay: The Story of the Haidarabad Mission to the Outcastes. F. Wilfred Grenfell, The Master Mariner. Colyer Sackett. 79 pp. Is. W. M. M. S. Basil Mathews. 178 pp. $1.50. George London. 1924. H. Doran. New York. 1924. Village Folk of India. R. H. Boyd. 112 Place of Boyhood in the Nations of the pp. lB,6a. U_ C. M. E. LondoD. 1924. World. Report of the Second World Con- ference of Y. M. C. A. Workers Among When I Was a Boy in India. Satyananda Boys, 1923. 355 pp. Bnreau of Infor- Roy. 218 pp. $1.25. LQthrop Lee & Shepard. Boston. i924. '

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w.Graham

Great Britain's Foremost Bible Teacher AGAIN The Sunday School Times has brought to this country the every-week writing of a British Bible teacher who stands in the fore- front of Bible exposition in the English speak- ing world, and now introduces W. Graham Scroggie, of Edinburgh, Scotland, to Amer- ican Sunday-school life.

There is no ~lan before the public to-day who combines more notably a deep spiritual insight, unshaken faith in the whole Bible and all the Christian fundamentals with rare power of literary expression, and scholarship of the most exacting sort. In December Mr. Scroggie will commenCe one of the richest, most comprehensive and at the same time practically useful treatments of the International Uniform Lessons ever published; it will appear exclusively, every week, in (published every week) IrolllllasteJ" Ridgway, in his Busy Men's perts, keep teacher and class on tiptoe of Corner, bums unforgettably into men's eager search. lives his white-hot sparks of spiritual steel. Christian Cartoons, a converted news- This Wee~'s Teaching Principle is paper man's pungent satire exposing error brought out, m every lesson, by Professor and making the truth glow. Charles Calvert Ellis, a leading educationist. From the Platform, Philip E. Howard gives a three-minute talk to the whole ROUlld Table Illustrati¥Jlts, sent by multi- school, clinching the lesson's heart-truth. tudes of readers, are remembered when all else is forgotten. Say, Fellows! is an inimitable talk, both sparkling and serious, to bOYS and teachers Lesson Q'lestiolls, wrought out by ex- of boys.

The rollicking Little Jett., Bible-picture folk whom a father'. genius and fountainpen brought to life, are on hand every we"k with their .lectric enthusiasm.

These are but a few of the many unusual supply each teacher and officer in your helps, every week, on the International Lessons; and in addition the Whole Bible Sunday-school. Test the Times! Save Lesson Course of the Christian Funda- one-fourth of the single subscription price, mentals Association is fully treated in each $2.00 a year, by organizing a club of five issue. Yet many readers write and say or more subscribers at the club rate of that, although they are not in the Sunday- $1.50 a year. We allow the club organizer school, at all, the other departments in the Times are so valuable that they cannot do one subscription additional for every ten' without it. paid for in a club, and we offer an at- tractive choice of needed books to those Please send for enough free· specimen oopies of The Sunday School Times to who organize new clubs. Please ask for specimen copies and the book offers to- day, mentioning Missionary Review of the World.

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You Want D~~:f 68 i;~~Rgih~: Half

MACLAREN~S EXPOSITIONS THIS Is a set of books which. when you possess It, you will agree is worth. any price ever asked now we have 68 sets which we secuff'd at a saving that we pass on the 6S. prompt Missionary the World readers. These books wlu not merely grace your library; with your Bible and your mental knowledge of things hUIll"n and DiviDe. they wlll provide spiritual and mental food fOl" who look to you for spiritual teaching and uplift. And YOu may bave them, If you hul'l'Y. le88 price. Examine thein. They are now offered for the first time at a. price less than half at which mental work was sold In its arlgiDal and more bulky form. A. truly wonderf'll opportunity.

IS YOUR WORK EFFICIENT? ~~o!h::: .~~r:l ~~d~~~~a~l~l:~t!~tl~TtI~;I~f {)rganization that failure of the real object of the Church's mission is threatened. Safety a condition is provided only in the highest spiritua.l equipment of preacher and teacher. The follow devotlcn to .fixed and v..ell-eatablished principles. The money to €:quip and wcrk the Dl11en.m"l'l'_ of an active Church will came freely [rom a people who can "give a reason for the hope" that ARE YOU A SUCCESSFUL PREACHER? Jfls Is a 't':.e:ttion.

back over the really successfUl preachers who come to your easy recollection. win thi! preaching has been of the Evangelical expository type there have been Moody; O. H. Spurgeon; G. Campbell Morgan; Joseph Parker; F. B. Meyer," J. H. Maclaren; George Jf'. Pentecost, all;;d Jrany mcre are conspicuous exampl~s. Id it one of these men depended upon so..called timely topics or essays-but rather on emphasiS teachings of the Word of God and the n~ed for personal salvation. Would you be a preacher purpose? Then you, too~ need Maclaren I HOW ABOUT YOUR OWN CHURCH? The mission of your Church is to go into active competition parallel lines with the theatre, the moving picture show, the lecture platform or the concert ball; if you are defeated before you begin. The message and the power of the Chur'ch are greater than any all of these social forces combined. The world jg hungry to-day for the Gospel-and its need is success of your Church and of eVf!ry Church is in the effectiveness of the pulpit (Jarnest, fearless preaching and teaching of the Wcrd of GOd'-SllCh prEaching and teaching Read These Sixteen Opinions of Moulders of the World's -.-..,….."..

Rev, J". X. Jowett, D.D., reoently pas- rhe Christian Advocate: It would be The Record ot Ctufstian tor Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church, dim cult to find in equal compas~ so priceleS$ value to ministers New York: Dr. Maclaren is as dis· much ot sound learning and spiritual students alike, tinguished tor his mastery of the insight. . The Christian InteUigeneer: Of BJble In the original language as for The ~nstiau World: Dr~ Macla~n's perlative value as a contribution bis marvelous oratory. work IS fresh, stimulatIng,. brJght· Biblical knowledge. 'I'ruly II Rev. Robert S, MacArthur, D.D., late eoed ~,. the play of a sanchfied im· mental achie'en.ent! President of World's Baptist Congress, ~Fosn:th~~d °S~~d;:uallY belpful in the The ~ritish Weeldy: Ne'W' York: The wide circulatl0n ot these volumes will prove n 'blesrdng The Westminster: Tbe complete set expoSltors have the sa.m.e forms R commentpry on the entire Dr. Maclaren in percelVmg to the entire Christian Church. Prof. WUlit'm Cleaver Wilkinson, Au- :l~!~. that cannot be repi!l.ced by any ~~fl i~~~fs~minence the really thor of 4IModeru. Masters of Pulpit Discolll'Se:" Dr. Aiaclaren's wo:k The Congregationalist: Frulttul and The Outlook: These volumes equals, if it does Dot exceed in pres~ stimulating lessoll!'J to Uving J!:um and treasury of thought tor aU who ent practical value to ministers, any WOIDen. These volumes have abiding the ScrIptures. single similar body of produ~tion eX- ;~~epre8byterian: Dr. Maclaren ex. The ~aptist ~us: OI.'. Maylaren, isting' in any literature, ancient or it/I presses bis thought in su('h exquisite ~ol()ssus, seizes upon tl1e hllltoPS modern. nnd accurate language AS to put Importance, The Continent: These expositions are the ripe fruitage of a long pulpit life. Tin~teo the reeder's heart. The Christian Index: Nowhere It is a modern preacher's commentary. Baltimore Methodist: ·Spiritual there be found clearer exposition It is a busy student's short cut to wlsdom, se.Hmd and lucid exposition, the Word, deeper insight into the main spiritual meanings of the apt and plcturesque llluf1tration. are spirit, nor richer clothing of Bible~ combined in Dr. Maclaren's WQL'k. truths In. language.

!!.s.-s-.-S-C-RA-N'-T-O-N'-CO-Ja'-AN'-Y-.- – – – – – – . THE BOOKS AND THEIR MAKING ~~ rgl~znes 146 Plimpton Bldg" Hartford, Conn. brary. Each volume is 6 x 9 x 2 Inches. Send me the set of Maclaren's ExpOSItions 47 pounds. The printing is done from of Holy Scripture in 17 vo1umes, for whicll I highest-priced edition ever published, on :~~gt Yri't~nf~s h($27it~ at!i?) $~r e$g~ ~d~fRQ~~~ ~Weerty~~d l~h~I~!~d~;d i~h~ll~~~~l~asl W~~~a1. ::r:ea~tieen~ri~~le~~_l ofiifi~rn~ri~ ~::oo~s r~~ r~~~~~x~~ta:~~r~~~f~~~e:eJ.tSgr~~~i~I~:~~lit~~tng the you witliin 5 days and you will send back my URe of any passage of Scripture, At less than balf no minister or teacher can afford to deny himself this $3 less the return charges, Name How to secure this ureat work at less Address " 01 former price ~~~ ~~ii'e °in t~l~ ~~~s!~t 3!'ore venient and equally elegant 17 volumes, you save than one·half, To Secure thI"'- set at less than price. fill 011t and mail the COUPC·H,

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1924

~LUMEXLVII NUMBER

– MAY, 1924 A MISSIONARY VISIT TO SUMATRA AND JAVA SAMUEL M. ZWEMER NEW ITALY AND THE OLD GOSPEL FREDERIC S. GOODMAN OUTSTANDING EVENTS OF THE PAST YEAR FROM THE SECRETARIES' VIEWPOINT LIVING RESULTS OF CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN GALEN M. FISHER BEST METHODS AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS MRS. E. C. CRONK THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE CHURCH MRS. CHARLES K. ROYS 12.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COPY MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY lad and REILYSTS., HARRISBURG, PA. 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK

SAMUEL M

Plans to visit India this summer, to return to America next autumn, and to visit South Africa in the next year.

YOU can go to these fields with him, by proxy, and can help give the Gospel to Moslems by sending your contribution to the work through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems cooperating with the Nile Mission Press and with International Committees on the field to give the Gospel Message through the printed page in Egypt Syria Russia China Morocco Palestine Persia Java Algiers Turkey India Sumatra Tunis Arabia Malaysia South Africa THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS William I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson, of New York, Vice Presidents Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D., Cairo, Honorary Field Secretary Dr. James L. Barton Dr. Frank Mason North Mrs. William Borden Mrs. William Bancroft Hill Dr. William B. Anderson Miss Anna A. Milligan Mr. Fennell P. Turner Mrs. D. L. Pierson Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Send your contributions to MRS. E. E. OLCOTT, Treasurer, 322 West 75th Street, New Yark City.

Apply for information and literature to MRS. JAMES M. MONTGOMERY, Secretary, Box 888, New York City.

————————————————————————- IDEAS FROM THE STUDENT A developing industry and com- merce hasten the day of self-support VOLUNTEER EXIBIT AT within the Church. INDIANAPOLIS '*' ". " Truth and not tradition IS our sanction for religion. Governments may aid the Church by laws that guarantee religious lib- """ erty.

Youth revolts against traditions and *** conventions; questions authorities; tests foundations; demands realities. Government}A trilogy, no one of *$ * Commerce' which can well do You can have race prejudice if you Missions without the other. want it; you can have .Jesus Christ if you want Him; but you cannot have $: '* *' both. Christian teaching moves the mind, " *" the heart and the will of the people to We cannot separate Christian thinking from the demands of world the highest standards. brotherhood. " $ ;; * * 'J< Cooperation between denominations We should see a Christian responsi- gives the largest economy in the exbility in ·every human need. penditure of money and men.

""" * " ;; The central issue in which employ- An indigenous Church demands ers and the Church are concerned is leaders who distinguish between Westthe humanizing of relations between ernism and Christianity. labor and capital. " When a native C" hr"istian literature begins to appear, tben the native Church is really established.

Please mention THE MrSSrDNARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD In writing to advertisers. The Correct Monogramming of Linens POR over 65 years McCutcheon's has specialized in the correct monogramming of household Linens, as it has in every other phase of the Linen craft.

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Department No. 20 Fifth Avenue 33d and 34th Streets, New York Your Will Today Is Stronger Than Any Will You Can Prepare For After Death The best of lawyers cannot draw up a document that will carry out your intentions as wen as you can carry them out yourself Now Is the Time to Settle Your Estate as You Wish It "If you want a thing well done. do it yourself."

Let us tell you bow LIFE ANNUITY AGREEMENTS enable you to settle your own estate Write to George M. Fowles, Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fihh Avenue. New York, N. Y•• or W. J. Elliott, Treasurer of the Board ·of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church. I 70 I Arch Street, Philadelphia. Pa.

Please mention TH:E MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE Wl'IRLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. EJilo> CONTENTS FOR MAY, 1924 Page FRONTISPIECE ..•••….. A TYP1CALHOME SOENE AMONG 1fAr,AYS IN SUMA~'RA EDITORIALS •••.•…..•.•…..•••.•…•••..•…………..•……..••….. 333 NATIONAL CHRISTIAN CoUNClLS IN ASIA SOME CAUSES OF UNREST IN CHINA THE TURKISH GOVERNMENT AND RELIGION CHRISTIAN PROGRESS IN BRAZIL SOME QUESTIONS FOR A MAN AT FIF'l'Y . . . . . . . . • • • . . . . . . • . . . . A. A. HYDE 340 A MISSIONARY VISIT TO SUMATRA AND JAVA . . . . . . . . SAMUEL M. ZWEMER 341 Some interesting observations and encouragements received during a vtait to centers of successful work among Ma.lay Moslems. THE NEW ITALY AND THE OLD GOSPEL . . . . . . . • . . . . . FREDERIC S. GOODMAN 350 The romantic history of the Waldensians and thdr Christian testimony in Italy. OUTSTANDING EVENTS OF THE PAST yEAR . . . • • . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . . . • . . . . . 354 SEVENTH DAY ADVENTISTS-REVIVALS IN EUROPE AMERICAN BAPTIST, FOREIGN-!,AY EVANGELISM AMERICAN BAPTIST, HO},{E–REVTVALS IN CUBA SOUTHERN BAPTIST, FOREIGN-PERSECUTION IN R01JMANIA AMERICAN FRIENDS-CHuRCH GROWTH IN JAMAICA CHRISTIAN REFGRMED-PROGRESS IN CHINA CHURCH OF BRETHREN-NEW WORK IN NIGERIA CHURCH OF GOn-RESCUE HOME HI INDIA CHRISTIAN AND MISSIONARY ALLIANCI!l–FOUR NEW LANGUAGE GROUPS REACHED CoNGREGATIONAL–AMERICAN BOARD-DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA METHODIST EPISCOPAL, SoUTH-REVIVAL IN SHANGHAI MORAVIANS-REVIVAL IN NIC'ARAGUA PRESBYTERIAN BOARD, FOREIGN-NEW MISSION IN MESOPOTA~nA PRESBYTERIAN BOARD, HOMI!l–ORGANIZATJON OF BOARD OF NATIONAL MISSIONS PBESBYTERIAN BOARD SoUTH-DOOTRINAL CONTROVERSY PRESBYTERIAN BOARD SoUTH, HOME-GREAT BUILDING ERA PBESBYTERIAN IN CANADA-FORMOSA ANNIVERSARY PROTESTANT Ep]SOOPA~CoNSEORATION OF JAPANESE "BISHOP REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA, FoREIGN-ORGANIZATION OF AROOT ASSEMBL"IC, INDIA REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA, HOME-GROWTH OF COMMUNITY WORK UNITED CHRJSTIAN MISSIONAB.Y SCCIETy–SHELTON MEMORIAL FUND FOB. TIBET UNITED LUTHERAN-FOREIGN MISSIONARY FOB.WARD FUND UNITED LUTHERAN, HOME-REMOVAL TO CIHCAGO UNITED PRESBYTERIAN, FOREIGN-MISSlONARY GIVING UNITED PRESBYTERIAN, HOME-REORGANIZATION LIVING RESULTS OF CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN ……… GALEN M. FISHER 368 Some of the encouraging evidences of the power of Christ to develop .<trong leaders in the political, intellectual and social life of the Japanese.

BEST METHODS AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS •. EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK 374 WOM.AcN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN …………………•………•• 382 THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE CHURCH •…….. BY MRS. GHARLES K. RayS WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN ••…. EDITED BY FLORENOE E. QUINLAN 386 R,ECRUITlNG THE HOME MISSION FORCES NEWS FROM MANY LANDS •……•…•…••••.•…….•…………….•. 389 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY . . . . . . . • • • . . . . . . • . . . . . , .•..•………..•.••.•• 404 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage. 50 cents. Sin~le copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1924, by MISBIONA11Y REVIEW PUBLISHING CoMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

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Robert E. Speer, President Wlllam I. Chamberlain, Vlc~-Presldent Delavan L. PlerBon, Secretary Walter McDougal1. Treasurer PublicatIOn office. 3d & ReUy SU.. Harrisburg. Editorial and Bu.lnes" Omce. 156 Fltth Avenue. Pa. 25c a copy $2.50 a year' New York City Entered a8 second-class matter at the Post Omce, Harrlshurg, Pa., under, Act 01 March 3. 1879. PERSONALS DWIGHT H. DAY, for eighteen years Treas- HARTFORD urer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Cburch in the U. S. A., SEMINARY FOUNDATION has res:igned on account of ill-health. Hartford, Conn. """ W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, Pre.iJent REV. CHARLES W_ ABEL, who reached his field in Kwato, New Guinea, early in Jan- Theoioaical Seminary uary, had a remarkable welcome from the De8D. M. W. Jacoba. native Christian population who have come out of cannibalism in the past thirty years. School of Religioul Pedagogy Deaa, E. H. Kaqbt * Kennedy School of Mi..ion. DR. HOWARD SOMERVELL, a distingnislled Dean. E. W. Cap…. membel' of the expedition which last year climbed Mt_ Everest, was so stirred by what Through these associated schools Hartford offers he saw in India that he offered himself to full training for the London Missionary Society and has wen accepted as a medical missionary_ 1. The Christian MiniHry_ " z. Religious Education and Soeial Seruice.

SAM HIGGINBOTTOM, who completed twenty 3. The Foreum Field. years of service in Allahabad, India, N0vember 10, 1923, has been presented with Each school has its independent faculty and its the Kaiser-i-Hind gold medal. own institutional life and together they iorm one interdenominational institution with the unity of a JOHN R. MOTT, LL.D., on his recent visit common aim and spirit. to Greece, was decorated by the Greek Government with the Order of the Holy Saviour, The plan for a group of ei~ht buildinas for the and received various other honors, among Foundation. including dormitories, library, chapel, them being the miming of one street in gymnasium. as well as separate buildings for each Saloniki ",Tohn R. Mott Street," and an- school. is being carried out. The first of these other "Y. M. C. A. Avenne_" buildings, the Tomen'g Dormitory, is now occupied under direction of the Dean of Women, Mr~. Lester McLean, Jr.

DR. ROBERT ~AWS, of Livingstonia, has REV. V. D. DAVID, better known as "Tamil been invested by the Government of South David, " an Indian preacher and anthor Africa as a Companion of the Order of St. who"e ministry in Ceylon and South India Michael and St. George, in recognition of had been greatly blessed, died on Novemwr his fifty years of service in Nyasaland_ 30, 1923.

DR. A. J. ApPASAMY is now English editor * for the Christian' Literature Society for India, Madras, and will provide books for REV. JOHN 1. AR.MSTRONG, editor of the edncated Indians who read English. He is Sunday·school publications of the Southern to prepare a Life of Christ for Indian read- Presbyterian Church, died of pneumonia on ers and is also planning to edit: (1) The March 8, 1924. lIe was Educational Secre· Christian Heritage Series (expounding such tary of the Church from 1913 to 1920 and subjects as The Divinity of our Lord, The rendered very effident service. Meaning of the Cross, etc.); (2) The Bhaktas of the World (popular reprints of EVERYLAND the writings of mystics); (3) Books for the Times (dealing with the pressing so· For Every Boy and Girl cial, economic and other problems); (4) Books for Women (including stories, biog- Good Things for May raphies, nature stndy, domestic economy, training of chil.dren, etc.). Gloria and the Wicked Frog, Estil Grit- chie; The Magic Sandals, Edith Serrell; * The Black Daffodil, Margaret T. Apple- garth; Tam and Meg, Abbie Miller Ogilvie; OBITUARY Everyland Exchange, Katherine Seherer Cronk; Valentine's Day, Lucy W. Peabody; DR. CHARLES L. THOMPSON, for some The Orange Tree Baby, Lucy W. Peabody; years secretary of the Presbyterian Board The Book Shop, Helen Douglas Billings; of Home Missions, and recently president Hymn for America, William Adams Slade. of the Home Missions Council, died in Atlantic' City on April 14th, at eighty-five years of age.

DR CHARLES E. CONWELL, medical mission- $1.50 a year, 25 cents a copy. ary in Mexico since 1906 under the Amer_ iean Baptist Home Mission Society, died Write to Miss Leavis, WEST MEDFORD, recently in Puebla. MASS .

. ''l.8e mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW 07 "HB WORLD In writing to advertise…

A TYPICAL HOME SCENE AMONG MALAYS IN

Mrs-s]o

MW~ VOL. MAY, 1924 NUMBER XLVII FIVE NATIONAL CHRJSTIAX COUNCILS IN ASIA O NE of the hopeful signs of the progress of Christianity in . Asia is the development of native Christian leaders and their taking over of responsibility for aggressive work in each country.' Great strides have been made since the Edinburgh Conference in 1910 and Dr. Mott's conferences in Asia, three years later. At that time Continuation Committees were formed, made up of missionaries and some national Christians. These have now been transformed into National Christian Councils in which the major share of responsibility is upon Christian leaders of each country.

The National Christian Council of China was organized by the National Conference held in Shanghai in May, 1922. This Council is composed of one hundred members, over one-half of them Chinese, and has for its object the unification of evangelical Christian forces in China and the giving of practical expression to Christianity. It is not an ecclesiastical organization to take over functions of church government but exists for inspiration, correlation, promotion and research for the benefit of all branches of the Church. The secretaries are Bishop L. H. Roots of the American Protestant Episcopal Church; Dr. H. T. Hodgkin of the British Society of Friends; Rev. K. T. Chung of St. John's University, and Miss Y. J. Fan, recently a traveling secretary of the Y. W. C. A. Emphasis in all the chief activities is placed on the importance of Chinese leadership.

The Council works through various committees and makes its contacts through publications, including a bi-monthly BulletVn. The committees include those on Retreats and Evangelism, International Relations, Rural Problems, Industrial and Social Relations, etc. The chief emphasis for the first year or two is rightly placed on the need for increased spiritual efficiency. One of the most hopeful signs of promise in this Council is the promotion of "Retreats" in which small groups of from ten to fifteen missionaries and Chinese meet 333

for a few days of prayer and meditation for spiritual vision and a renewal of power from God.

The National Christian Council of India, Burma and Ceylon was organized last year with Rev. W. Paton, formerly of the British Student Christian Movement, and lfi~s Gordon of the United Free Church of Scotland as secretaries. Dr. K. T. Paul has declined to serve as Indian secretary and no one has as yet been found to fill his place. Many new lines of activity are planned, especially in educational work. Conferences are held to unite missionary and Indian Christian workers in purpose, ideals and program, and to study the fields of greatest need and the most effectiv·e methods for carrying on the Christian campaign in India. Plans have been laid for an advance in rural Christian education, in the development of Indian leaders, and in the production of Christian literature. The Council is also studying the relation of the Church to public questions such as opium, strong drink, and public service. Beginning with the present year, the IIa·n,'esf Field (for many years a Wesleyan magazine published at Madras) has become the National Christian Council Review, the official organ of the Council. It will be published at Mysore City, under the editorship of Rev. W. Paton, the secretary.

The National Christian Council of .Japan has likewise now succeeded the Japan Continuation Committee. At the organization meeting, in November of last year, all of the Protestant societies at work in Japan were represented by missionaries, except the Episcopalians, Lutherans, Southern Baptists and Southern Presbyterians. The Rev. William ~'Cling, D.D., of the American Baptist Foreign Mission, and author of the mission study book, "Japan on the Upward Trail," was elected foreign executive secretary. His J"apanese co-worker is to be selected later. The Federation of Ohristian Churches has voted to merge its organization and work into that of the Council. One of the first undertakings of the new body has been to study the reconstruction needed following the earthquake and fire.

Christians in all lands, by whatever name they are called, should be much in prayer for these National Christian Councils in the great nations of Asia. Their influence on the future of Christianity in those lands cannot be estimated but their success in leadership will be determined by their success in following the leadership of the Spirit of God.

SOME CAUSES OF UNRES'l' IN OHINA T HE National Christian Council of China has recently under- taken a study of the chief causes of the present low economic conditions in that land, the prevailing ignorance of the people, and the caUSes of banditry and general unrest. Mr. S. T. Wen (Wen Shih-tsen), a prominent Chinese Christian, Commissioner of Foreign Affairs, says that the prevalence of banditry in many sec-

EDITORIAL COMME.NTS

tions is due to the low economic conditions; that these conditions are due to the political unrest, the disturbance of ancient industrial pursuits by the introduction of modern machinery, and the consequent removal of large numbers from the country to the cities. These conditions seriously affect the Christian Church and Christian home in China. The remedy seems to be the adoption of Christian standards by the Chinese. This will come only as we give them practical education and show them how to apply Christian standards to social, industrial and political life. This is more easily said than done, but it needs to be done. The people' in the rural districts will welcome education and an opportunity to earn an honest living. Mr. Wen says that "within a radius of 100 Ii around Paotseku (one of the bandit centers), there is not one school, and less than twenty per cent of the people can read and write." He preached to the bandits and found that not one of them believed killing and robbery to be wrong. They begged that schools might be established in their midst so that their children might grow up with better opportunities to come out of barbarism into light. More attention in China, as in India, must be devoted to the establishment of village schools with Christian teachers.

THE TURKISH GOVERN~IEN'l' AND R~JLIGION F REE democratic governmeIlt and autocratic Moslem institu- tions do not mix. The Nationalist Assembly of Turkey has been passing laws at Angora, some of which uphold their claims for the separation of Church and State, but some of which bring protests from Moslems as well as from non-Moslems. The Assembly has recently banished the former Sultan and has dispersed his harem on the ground that other free states do not harbor deposed monarchs. They have also abolished the caliphate, the Moslem civil and religious authority at Constantinople, on the ground that it was seeking to dictate to the civil government. The Assembly found itself hampered in promUlgating laws which the caliph declared to be contrary to the teachings of Mohammed-such as the Jaws respecting polygamy and woman's rights. The Government therefore decided to abolish the caliphate. This seems to be another step toward the destruction of the political power of Islam. The control of the property held by religious ,establishments in Turkey, and valued at more than five hundred million dollars, is a question yet to be settled. This wealth gives the religious leaders great power.

The civil functions of the Greek Ecumenical Patriarch and the Jewish Rabbinate have also been abolished and the political functions of these offices are taken over by the National Assembly.

Abdul Medjid, the deposed caliph, is now residing in Switzerland and from there has issued a strong protest against the action

of the National Turkish Assembly" as sacrilegious and void." He invites the leaders of the Moslem world to call an inter-Islamic congress to consider the matter. Moslems of forty-one countries recently met in Berlin to protest against the action of the Angora Assembly as that of a pan-Turanian, Bolshevist government. In the meantime, several other claimants to the caliphate have appearedincluding King Hussein of the Hedjaz and the Sultan of Morocco (favored by the French).

The Turkish Nationalists, having disregarded the dictates of the European Governments in so many directions, are also taking the bit in their teeth more and more in other matters, civil and religious. Not only have they killed or driven out Armenians and Greeks, returned to power in Constantinople and abrogated the capitulations, but they have recently passed laws that hamper non-Moslem merchants and missionary workers. One of the recent laws makes Friday, the Moslem holy day, a universal day of rest on which all business houses, both Moslem and non-Moslem, must be closed. Even street venders are barred, and milkmen cannot deliver milk without a special license. The motive of the new law may be to prevent Jews, Christians and other non-Moslems from doing business when Moslem shops are closed, or may be merely an assertion of authority to show that Turkey is emphatically a Moslem land. The law will work hardship to Christians who conscientiously close their shops on Sunday and will give many opportunities for bribery of officials in order to obtain special licenses for trading on Friday.

The Government is determined to enforce its laws respecting the giving of religious (non-Moslem) instruction in private as well as in public schools, and has refused to grant licenses to non-Turkish citizens to practice medicine in Turkey. This, of course, hinders mission schools in their Christian instruction and prevents missionary physicians from practicing medicine in mission hospitals. As a result the American Board hospital in Aintab has been closed as well as the girls' school in Marash, and the Reformed Presbyterian School in Mersina. American missionaries in Ca:sarea and Marsovan have not been able to reopen the hospital or school though the people desire these institutions. The Government is determined to compel mission schools to conform to the new Turkish laws, possibly desiring by these regulations to lessen their Christian influence.""

In the meantime, the missionaries are waiting faithfully and patiently on God in prayer. American business enterprises are perseveringly endeavoring to obtain concessions and to find a market for tlieir goods and should Christian enterprises be any less courageous and persistent in their more important and unselfish efforts to bring the benefits of the Gospel to these multitudes for whom Christ died ~ • Permission has just been given to Dr. Shepard and Dr. Dodd to practice medicine.

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

CHRISTIAN PROGRESS IN BRAZIL T HE Evangelical Church in Brazil has come to be a very strong factor in the national life of Brazil. Great self-supporting churches are found in the cities with large memberships and do- ing real missionary work in their own districts and one of them at least reaching out into a foreign land. Events that a few years ago would have caused the whole Church to stop and comment are now passed on as natural things to expect in the enlargement of the work.

Before I reached Santos, my first stop, I received a wireless message of welcome from the evangelical forces of that progressive community. I was met at the steamer by a large reception committee, composed of the ministers of the various evangelical churches. That evening I addressed a union-meeting in one of the churches with probably 500 people present. I spoke to them about cooperation in different parts of Latin America and they received the message with great enthusiasm. Only a few years ago there was no cooperation in Santos and all of the workers were watching one another with jealousy. Today, without any help whatever from the mission boards, the churches of the city have united and organized a prosperous school, which is exercising a splendid influence on the city.

An illustration of the fact that our Evangelical Church members are "live members" and are taking part in the varied life of the community, is the fact that the first woman aviator in Brazil is a young lady member of one of our churches in Santos and among the things that the churches had provided for my entertaiument was an invitation to view the city from the aeroplaue piloted by this young member. Santos is the greatest coffee port in the world but it is now coming to be a city of importance in other ways. On.e of the finest railroads in the world leads from Santos up to Sao Paulo, about two hours ride through beautiful mountainous districts. The climb is so steep that cables are necessary.

Sao Paulo is the second city in Brazil and the third in South America, now having about 750,000 people. Its growth during the last few years is one of the most remarkable developments in all of American municipal life. Both the Presbyterians and the Methodists have recently built beautiful churches in the city, buildings that would grace our best boulevards in New York or Nashville. I had a conference with'the pastors of the city in the Young Men's Christian Association, reviewing the work in Sao Paulo and planning for the Montevideo Congress in the spring of 1925. In a meeting of that kind one finds the same keenness of intellect and the same consecration, and the same power of discussing problems as he would find in any city pastors' associations in the United States.

The most remarkable thing I saw in Sao Paulo was the work among the Japanese. Little over a year ago a Japanese student,. who had been converted in Japan, and had come to the United States for

theological training, talked to me about work among the Japanese immigrants who were going to BraziL It was not possible for him to secure any appointment from North American mission boards. So, as he had saved up some money by working in the United States, he decided to go at his own expense to minister to the 35,000 Japanese who have recently come into the State of Sao Paulo, invited by the Brazilian Government to colonize and help furnish agricultural workers for that district.

The young man found a splendid welcome among the Japanese, some of whom were Christians, and he is now building up a fine Sunday-school and some night classes. The Brazilian churches are interested in the work and the pastors formed a Japanese Mission in clrder to guide this growing development. The Japanese themselves have contributed something like $2,000 for the erection of a building and the Brazilian pastors propose to see that this work is well cared for. The Japanese in California have also become interested and it now looks as though this splendid work would be carried forward by means of the Japanese and Brazilian Christians themselves. Here is one of the finest illustrations of the development of foreign missions that I have known in any part of the world.

While in Sao Paulo a committee consulted with me about a pastor for the union congregation which the English-speaking people have recently formed in that city. The congregation now meets in the Y. M. C. A. and various missionaries are doing the preaching but there is a large English colony and they are very much in need of a pastor to devote his entire time to this work.

"When one goes to Rio de Janeiro and enters the office of the Committee on Cooperation in Brazil, presided over by that indefatigable worker, Professor Erasmo Braga, he understands why many of the developments in the Evangelical Church have come to pass. I do not know of any man in America who has done a finer piece of Christian service than has Prof. Braga during these last three years, since he has been Secretary of this interdenominational work. Prof. Braga came to this work with a splendid background. As a professor in the Presbyterian Seminary at Campinas for many years and professor in one of the Brazilian public high schools, the author of a reader which is now being used by a large number of government schools, a writer of recognized ability and altogether a fine, cultivated, Christian gentleman, he has used his talents and consecration to develop one of the finest pieces of cooperation that is to be found anywhere.

The offices are located on a prominent down-town street and are occupied not only by the Committee on Cooperation but also by the Brazilian Secretary of the World's Sunday-school Association and the national secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association. This trio of workers, with their office staff, form a kind of interdep.ominational missionary headquarters. They have a conference

F.DITORIAL COMMENTS

room and nearly every day there is some kind of an interdenomin- ational committee or conference going on. During the last two years a large number of books have been translated and published by this Committee.

Committee meetings in connection with the centenary celebra- tion this year took a great deal of the workers' time. The quarterly meeting of the Sunday-school Union, to which men from distant places came, was held, where important questions concerning Sundayschool literature were decided. The Committee on Cooperation keeps a file of some 385 ministers in Brazil, with information as to the ministry in each denomination and the occupation of territory in each state. Maps representing these points have been printed and circulated. Courses of reading and selected books are recommended to the constituency through the cooperative religious magazine "R-evista de Cultum Religiosa."

The list of the cooperative institutions in Brazil indicates something of the results of the hard work done by the Committee on Cooperation in Brazil.

Union Institutions in Brazil Executive and Literature Office in Rio de Janeiro, including such activities as syndicated articles concerning the Evangelical work sent to the daily secular and religious press; the preparation of the .Annual Sunday School Lesson Commentary in Portuguese; Literature Exhibit; Directory of Evangelical Workers; Coordination of work among the Indians and Japanese; Building up of Portuguese Christian Literature by the publication of translations and original works; .Advising Y. M. C. .A., Y. W. C. .A., National Sun. day School .Association and other agencies on their publications; Conference Room for interdenominational meetings; etc., etc. In charge of Professor Erasmo Braga.

Union Theological Seminary: Located at the People's Institute, at Rio de Janeiro. Cooperating bodies: Congregationalists, Methodists, Presbyterians.

Union Church for English.Speaking Residents: .At Rio de Janeiro: a well established church with plans for a representative building including a social center for the colony. ,.At Sao Paulo, a new effort, now meeting in the Y. M. C, .A., desirous of securing a pastor.

Evangelical Hospital, at Rio de Janeiro: Erected and supported by the Brazilian churches, without outside help. Offers an opportunity for larger sf'l'vice by receiving assistance from outside sources.

Rest Home, at Caxambu: Located at a famous health resort. .A recent de. velopment started by the Christian forces in Brazil, offering a rest home for all Christian workers and frie'llds and meeting with remarkable success.

Union School, at Santos: Organized and operated by the local churches of Santos.

Board of Missions for Japanese in Brazil: .A society organized by the churches of Sao Paulo to reach the Japanese colonies with the Gospel.

Revista de Cultura ReligioslP: .A quarterly magazine for the treatment of religious topics, edited, issued and supported by a group of leading Evangeli. cals in Brazil.

Union Bookstore at Rio de Janeiro: Just begun with the help of the Methodist press in Sao Paulo,

Methodist Press: This press though owned entirely by the Southern Methodist Board does much of the work for the Union Committee on Liter- ature in BrazH. s. G. I.

SOME QUESTIONS FOR A MAN AT FIFTY ASKED BY MR. A. A. HYDE, WICHITA, KANSAS President of the Mentholatum Company 1. How can the successful business man at fifty plan for his remaining years to make them the most enjoyable of his whole life~ 2. With this aim, should he plan to retire entirely from busi- ness; and if so, when 1 3. By the time he is fifty, if he has built up a good business and has capital and income more than sufficient for needs, what should he do with the surplus?

4. To illustrate: Should such a man largely and increasingly .give of his time to the cultivation of his own physical, mental and spiritual well-being and that of his family1 5. Should he also give largely of time and money to organiza- tions for the betterment of society and in furthering per- sonally other religious work?

6. Is it wise for a man of fifty during his remaining years, to gradually sell out his business to employees of tested ability and thus give them greater opportunity for service and reward?

7. After providing reasonably by will for wife and dependents, should such a man aim, while yet living, to administer and distribute the bulk of his estate for God and humanity, rather than leave his means to expectant heirs, or even to his adult children?

8. Taking it for granted that a generous, sympathetic and lov- ing father~an all-round man who knows the real joys of life is needed more by wife and family, than they need his estate, may we ask our final question-Is the right answer to question No. 1 fairly suggested in the remaining seven questions?

Cut out the above and place it where it will be frequently seen.

A MALAY HOME IN ·THE ISLAND OF

A Missionary Visit to Sumatra and Java BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEM.EH" D.D., F.R-G.S., OAIR.D, EG.yPT Author of "Arabia, The Cradle of Islam," etc., Editor of '''rhe Moslem World"

O NE of the great promises of the Old Testament states that the "isles shall wait for His law." If the word "wait" in this promise includes the ideas of delay, expectation, and fulfillment, then the word has its full significance in the history of Christian missions. The islands of the Mediterranean waited long but expected and received the Gospel. So the islands of the South Seas waited long to hear the message. In no other island of the world has, perhaps, this promise of Isaiah been so signally fulfilled as in the Island of Sumatra. If anyone doubts the present-day power of the Gospel, let him visit this mission field and see the evidences of God's grace among the Bataks or on the islands of Nias fringing the west coast of Sumatra. 'Within a single generation the Gospel has been able to win hundreds of thousands from heathen darImess to Christian light. and life. Sumatra is one of the least kno'wn mission fields and yet one of the most fruitful in results. It was my privilege to visit this island in the summer of 1922 and to learn at first hand regarding the conditions and the results of missionary effort.

One must understand something of the geography of the island to appreciate the intensity of the threefold struggle between Christianity, Islam, and Animistic Heathenism. Sumatra affords a rare opportunity for the comparative study of religions and in this field S4l

at least, one can speak with truth of the progress and arrest of Islam amid dying heathenism and of the future victory of the Cross.

Sumatra lies on the Equator, which divides it into two nearly equal parts. Its total area is 184,000 square miles. It is about 1,000 miles in length and 250 miles wide. The government divides the island into two sections-the West Coast, with Achin, and seven residences along the East Coast and neighboring islands. High mountain chains skirt the whole of the west coast, while the east consists of flat alluvial country. Earthquakes are frequent as the whole range is topped with a line of volcanoes, several of which are active. Forests crown the mountains and the whole island is extremely fertile. The climate is tropical, and the rainfall is spread over the whole year, some places having a record of 190 inches-a flood of fifteen feet!

Although the island is three times the size of Java, its population is not more than one-sixth, the total approaching 6,000,000. Only seven towns have a popUlation of over 5,000. The largest are: Palembang, 61,000; Pedang, 50,000; and Sibolga, 20,000.

The chief peoples of Sumatra belong to two groups-Indonesians and Malays. There is no great physical difference between them, and they all approximate to the Malay type. The chief groups are the following: Achinese, North Sumatra; Bataks around Lake Toba; Malays on the east coast; Ilembongs on the west coast; and Lampongs in their own central district. The last named have a considerable mixture of Javanese blood. Of foreigners there are about 10,000 Europeans, 225,000 Chinese, and nearly 5,000 Arabs. A variety of languages and scripts are used, by the different peoples. Malay is the language of trade and of the officials and of Islam. Bible translations exist in most of the languages but in many of them this work i& still needed and only a gospel or a few portions are available.

First visited by the Dutch in 1596, a treaty was concluded in 1662, and, after a s.truggle with the British, who retired in 1824, Sumatra was conquered by the Dutch. 'fhe process of conquest lasted from 1825 until 1907. The chief point of conflict was northern Sumatra where the Achinese, fearing Dutch aggression, secretly sought protection in turn from the United States, Italy, France, and Turkey, through the consuls at Singapore. The Dutch demanded an explanation of these secret negotiations; and, this being evaded, war was declared on the Achinese in March, 1873, and dragged on in one form or another, with heavy cost of blood and treasure, until December, 1907, when the Sultan surrendered and was deported to Amboina. Then to celebrate their victory and the peace, the Dutch constructed a great mosque at Koota-Radja, which is the finest piece of architecture in all Sumatra, but even this concession did not win over the affection of the people. The mosque today is scarcely used

A MISSIONARY VISIT TO SUMATRA AND .JAVA

by the faithful. Nominally, the peoples of Sumatra are today nearly all Mohammedans, except a large proportion of the Bataks, and the bulk of the inhabitants of the islands off the west coast who are pagans. There are still large areas in the interior where the Dutch rule is merely nominal, but the country is fast becoming pacified, and it may be expected that the population will rapidly increase when immigration from Java is encouraged.

Not until 1912 was a beginning made in the introduction of national education. By the end of 1914, 681 national schools had been established in Sumatra with approximately 41,000 pupils. The total number of private schools at the same date was given as 840 with A GENERAL VIEW OF PEARADJA, SHOWING THE CHURCH AND HOSPITAL 65,000 pupils. These figures are an eloquent testimony to the fact that Christian missions were the pioneers in national education.

The development of Sumatra has been delayed by the absence of good roads. There is no highway from north to south, but a good road has been completed from Sibolga across to Medan. Altogether about 4,000 kilometers of good roads are found, and 1,000 more under construction. Along these roads there is automobile service. A state railway connects Padang with Ft. DeKock, and there are narrow-gauge roads on the east coast and in the north. At present the lack of railway through the length of the island or even across from Palembang to Padang is a serious handicap to missions as well as to commercial development. The vast forests, high momitain ranges and the low irregular coast line, make all railway construc-

tion exceedingly difficult. It is only a matter of time however and soon the whole of this marvelously rich and fertile country will be open to exploitation and evangelization-a race between the best and the worst of Vestern nations.

The agricultural wealth of Sumatra includes the products of the palm, rubber, tobacco, tea, coffee, copra. The total number of cocoanut palms, according to the government estimates, is 14,500,000; 500,000 acres are planted with coffee; the rubber industry has devel- oped enormously within two decades. In 1919, 30,000 tons of rubber were exported from the east coast alone. Tobacco is grown more extensively in Sumatra and of higher quality than in any other part of the world. Medan is the center of the tobacco market of the world, and exports about 60,000,000 pounds annually. The steamer on which we sailed from Medan in 1917 carried a half-million sterling in tobacco leaves. A tax of 1/10th of a cent per pound placed on this one export would abundantly pay for the evangelization of the island. Gold, copper, but especially petroleum and tin are among the undeveloped riches of Sumatra. Tin mining is the chief industry of the islands of Banka and BiIliton.

2. The 'conflict of reli,gions in Surmatra. The standard work on missions in Sumatra from the standpoint of the struggle between Islam, Animism and Christianity, is that by Gottfried Simon. We would strongly recommend this book' for careful stUdy. The author has had eleven years' experience, and sketches the social and religious condition, first of the pagans, then the changes that take place when they become Moslem, and finally the process by which these Mohammedans turn to Christianity. Islam is not a schoolmaster to lead the pagan races to Christ. The pagan who becomes a Moslem also becomes a fanatic in his opposition to Christianity, and shows at once the strength and weakness of Islam over against the Gospel when Christian missions begin their work. The author leaves no doubt as regards his attitude toward Islam. It is one of uncompromising adherence to the vital truths of Christianity which make the impact of these two religions necessarily a death struggle. He shows the urgency and the possibility of winning over the pagan races in Malaysia and Africa before the advent of Islam, but makes clear no less that the struggle against I slam itself is not hopeless, but if carried on in the spirit of the Gospel is sure to bring results.

But the spirit of the Gospel, according to G::;ttfried Simon, is not the spirit of compromise, or that of dealing in superficialities. The impact of Christianity on Islam, especially in the Animistic world, means a death struggle. If any feel disposed to let the idea of a strenuous fight drop out of our Christian life and vocabulary, let them read this volume. During my visit we found unanimity in the testimony of all missionaries in Java and Sumatra that "Islam 1 "Progress and Arrest of Islam In Sumatra."

1924J A MISSIONARY VISrr TO SUMATRA A~D JAVA

can never be a bridge over the gulf that separates the heathen from Christianity, nor bring them nearer to God the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ." There is no compromise in Sumatra.

In enumerating the factors that play their part in turning the heathen to Islam, Simon notes: the policy of the colonial government which is always that of neutrality, but degenerates into favoritism; the native officials; the official language; the government school; the new highways of communication and commerce-all cooperate to drive the pagan into the fold of Islam. The fear of spirits, the desire for mediators, and the superstitious dread of a written charm are supplied in the Mos1em Koran.

"It is therefore not only a case of Islam conniving at Heathen proclivities," Simon says, "but of an inner connection being actually established between Animism and Islam. Islam itself is imbued with Animistic molecules which attract kindred elements in- heathenism. Its inherent syncretism gives it the power of assimilating what is even apparently heterogenous in other peoples. Its syncretic elasticity make it possible for Islam to be a world religion.

"Hence within Islam Animism does not play the part of a barely tolerated slave, rather it receives royal favor! The despised cult. of Animistic magic receives in Islam the rank of a divine institution. It is the gift of God to His faithful believers."

And again as he points out: "Animism is a foe which must be refused all quarter. In not doing so, Islam is bound to suffer absolute defeat itself at the hands of its hypocritical opponent.

"Many customs are doubtless forgotten; sacrifices are soon things of the past. Many prayer formulas, many names of spirits and ancestors are lost, but what an impregnable position magic gains in the new religion by ent,renching itself behind the new conception of God. How many possible ways the Heathen-Mohammedan finds of satisfying his Animistic cravings in his daily religious exercises-and, above all, in the vagaries of mysticism."

Another important factor is the pilgrimage to Mecca. Pilgrims, on their return, occupy a high position among the population and become apostles. The journey to Mecca is not so much a penance for a poor sinner as a spring-board by which any venturesome rogue may leap into a lucrative profession. The money invested for the journey brings a large return when the Hadji sets up as a propagandist and religious leader.

One may see in every village of north Sumatra the process in all its stages: Heathen becoming Moslems, and Moslems becoming Christian. The Mohammedan Christian has a great conflict before him-he faces a double line of battle. He must fight against the old Animism and also against Islam. The triumph of the Gospel in such an environment is a proof of its power. The faith of these Christians is great because it risks everything. The missionaries in their method have refused all compromise. In some respects they are ~ven radical in their attitude toward relam. It is the miraele of ~

A CO-EDUCATIONAL SCHOOL FOR MOSLEMS AT PADANG, SUMATRA In 1922 this school enrolled 800 p.upils. It is a private enterprise aided by government grants God's grace manifested through human love t.hat has won it.s way. Not only. does Jesus appear greater than Mohammed, but rather, as Simon says: "A new God, the father of Jesus Christ, who is one wit.h the Son, takes the place of Allah in the Moslem heart." "It is not merely a question of correCting' the Mohammedan conception of God. That is a hopeless task; the idea is too distorted. An entirely new conception is formed in the mind of the Mohammedan. ,/'he very name of God scarcely remains the same. Among the Bataks, we revert to the old vernacular name for God and once more eliminate the Arabic Allah. The soul finds the living God Himself in Jesus."

The method of preaching in Sumatra is fearless. No Moham- .medan can become a Christian, they say, unless he is persuaded that Mohammed is a false prophet. '''1'he aim of our preaching," says Simon, "is to make the Mohammedan realize who Jesus is; then his faith in Mohammed 'spontaneously breaks down. He must become assured of a twofold fact: that Christians reallv have another Jesus from the Jesus of Islam, and t.hat Mohammed is not what he himself claims to be, nor what the teachers say he is."

3. Into this great arena of present-day conflict, it was our privilege to enter for a brief fortnight and to study at first hand the POWel- of the Gospel among pagans and Moslems in Sumatra. After g-etting into close touch with the missions in .Java, orientation was less difficult and everywhere, especially on the part of our German brethren of the Rhenish Mission we were heartily welcomed and most hospitably received. And for these workers to be hospitable means sacrifice. Think of t.he war period and the post-war disappearance of the mark.

After preaching in the Willemskerk at Weltevreden on Sunday, August 20, 1922, to a congregation whose organization dates back

A MISSIONARY VISIT TO SUMATRA AND .JAVA

to 1619, I visited the Rhenish Mission post opened in Padang in connection with their work on the island of Nias. The recent revival there has resulted in a large accession of heathen to the Church of Christ. The present number of converts on that island alone is 46,759, and in one year they had over 2,000 adult baptisms, with M,866 under instruction.

Padang has a population of 90,000 and with its harbor town Emmahaven, is the future metropolis for west Sumatra. A railway has been opened to Fort de Kock, 87 kilometers distant, through highlands whose rich and varied scenery is among the finest in all Sumatra.

At Padang we visited the Arab quarter and found, as everywhere, the productions of the Cairo Moslem Press on sale. Portraits of Mustapha Kemal and other Turkish heroes adorned private dwellings and shops. The Pan-Islamic spirit found expression even in the labels on match-boxes made in Sweden which pictured the Radja of Stamboul as head of Islam! I met a friendly Hadji, one of the leading Moslems, who received me cordially and s-poke fluent Arabic. He is a progressive Liberal, has organized a school for boys and girls under a Committee, which' assisted by the Government has put up a building costing 80,000 guilders. Two Dutch schoolmistresses are employed in addition to the teachers of Arabic and Malay. Four hundred pupils attend in the morning, and nearly four hundred others in the afternoon. I was invited to address the school and THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY AT SIPOHOAN, SUMATRA

spoke on the Principles of Civilization, and the Ethics of Jesus Christ. This school is coeducational.

On Friday August 25th our steamer arrived at Sibolga. This port is 200 miles beyond Padang, and nearly 800 miles from Batavia. The Rhenish mission house and church are beautifully located just outside the city of Sibolga. -When we arrived a confirmation class was in session 'lnd during our stay we learned something of the strnggle in this part of Sumatra between Islam and Christianity for the pagan tribes. Thp story of the conflict, its character and its results, has been told by Simon in his well-known book, already quoted.

On Augllst 26th, we left by government auto for Sipirok, a distance of 127 kilometres. Arriving the same day, we passed many villages, each having a church as well as a mosque. The station at Sipirok is one of the oldest of the Rhenish Mission. They now count 5,000 Christians in this one group of churches. The preparation given catechumens for baptism is very thorough. Islam is still active in its opposition and sometimes defiant. But the missionaries are not discouraged. On Sunday morning, we went to Boenga-Bandar to attend the annual mission fest. The church was crowded and the free-will offering good. 'Ve met a group of Moslems that evening. The following day we visited the great leper colony at Situmba with Mr. and Mrs. Link. The next day I visited Pargareotan and the work of the Java committee. There two missionaries are doing good work but isolated from their brethren of the Rhenish Mission ecclesiastically so that this little station seems like an island of Dutch work in the midst of the Rhenish field. Via Simatorkas, we returned to Sibolga, in a Ford car filled with a half dozen passengers.

The Moslems of Sibolga are in close touch with Mecca. We spoke with a number of Hadjis, and saw Cairo newspapers in their shops.

On September 1st we left for Pearadja, following the new highway built by the Government and crossing the great mountain range with its marvelous beauty of scenery before one enters the tableland surrounding picturesque Lake Toba. A short distance from' the main highway and near Pearadja is the monument erected to the two American missionaries, Munson and Lyman, pioneers of the American Board who were killed and eaten by cannibals in 1834. I secured a photograph of the monument with its simple inscription: John 16: 1-3 (and then in Battak), "The Blood of Martyrs is the Seed of the Church." The first Batak convert, Jacobus, is still living. He was baptized in 1861. Today there are over 216,000 Batak Christians. What hath God wrought!

Dr. J ohannus Warneck met me on my arrival and the days of fellowship with him were memorable. 'Ve had a conference of all the workers at the station; I visited their theological seminary and

1924J A MISSIONARY VISIT TO SUMATRA AND JAVA

training school and preached in the great church which seats 1,500 people. The progress of the work among the Bataks has been almost too rapid and the results too great for the strength of the workers.

The church will need time and the missionaries patience for the full development of the work. It is hard to pass from the stone age to the 20th century in one generation; from fibre thread and thorn needles to the use of the Singer sewing machine; from the wax dip to electric lights; from being the son of a cannibal chief to becoming a chauffeur of a Christian missionary. Yet there are the facts in spite of the laws of evolution. ."

Two Christian papers are published at Sipohoan where also the theological school and seminary are located. On September 5, Dr.

Warneck accompanying me, we visited Lagoeboeti and Balige, with its large industrial school for boys and girls. The large leper asylum, Hoeta Salem, with 500 inmates is a wonderful testimony to faith and enterprise. Missionary K. Lotz and his family welcomed us at their home at Sianter. There also we met Mr. Oechsli of the Meth- odist Episcopal Mission which has a very promising Chinese work here. A large meeting was held in the evening and we spoke to the congregation, through an interpreter, on evangelizing their Moslem neighbors. On September 6th, after bidding farewell to Dr. W arneck, ~e took the train for Medan. A full program of meetings had been arranged including a public address at the Hotel Medan, an address before the Moslem Society Boedo Oetomo in Arabic, two addresses in English for the Methodist Mission in their church, a sermon in the Reformed Church in Dutch, and closing with a conference on September 12th held in the Hervormde Kerk for all the Christian workers of the city. Twenty-five were present. After discussion of the occupation of Sumatra, it was found that the total number of missionaries in the whole island was as follows: Dutch Clergy, 3; Dutch Baptist Society, 1 ; Java Committee, 2; Rhenish Mission, 45; Methodist Episcopal Mission, 8; Nederlands Zending Genootschaap, 4; Salvation Army, 10; American A.dventist, 6; a total of 79. It was arranged to appoint a small committee to encourage closer co- operation especially in prayer and for the production and distribu- tion of literature for Moslems and native Christians.

Only seventy-nine foreigu workers for the whole of this great field where the harvest is dead ripe and so many rich sheaves have been garnered! "And the isles shall wait for his law." How 10ng1 If anyone doubts the power of the. Gospel, its miracle working-power today, let him go to Sumatra.

A CHORUS OF WALDENSTAN CHRISTIANS AT THE UNVEILING OF THE

MEMORIAL, TORRE PELLICE, ITALY The New Italy and the Old Gospel BY FREDERIC S. GOODMAN, NE W YORK Secretary of the American Waldensian Aid Society PROBABLY no country in Europe has been so radically recon- structed in the past two years as Italy. While the old Italy, with its art, its music, its historic ruins and fascinating history, its natural and its artificial beauty are there, a new life is throbbing everywhere. Mussolini's motto, "Our Country and Not Ourselves," has become a word of power, far beyond the membership of the men who have taken the solemn oath of the Fascisti.

There is a new industrialism in Italy, which will have tremendous economic and political significance in the neal' future. Waste of every sort is under the ban, and efficiency has become the watchword.

There is a new imperialism, which, when accompanied by the new spirit in industry, may become a menace to the peace of Europe, if not of the world. One need only to call to mind the sad events of last August and September, to see the force of these statements. Italy needs, more than at any day in her recent history, the inspiring, the guiding, the restraining influence of a vital and vitallizing religious life. Papini, who has a tremendous vogue among his own countrymen, says a true word, in t.he Introduction to his" Life of Jesus Christ": "There never was a time more cut. off from Christ than ours, nor one which needed Him more."

There is a new aggressiveness in the Roman Catholic Church in all parts of the world, and especially in Italy. In some lands 35()

THE NEW ITALY AND THE OLD GOSPEL

such as France, this takes the form of a vigorous assault on materialism, rather than on Protestantism. The Vatican realizes the changes which have come over Europe since the Armistice, especially in the Roman Catholic countries.

There is in Italy a religious minority, which, for seven long centuries, in a -marvelous way, has stood for and has been willing to die for, religious liberty. It has held tenaciously to the essentials of the Apostolic faith, as it has understood it. The Waldensian Church is the only Italian Protestant movement, which can be called a national Church. Its evangelical faith enables it to help its loved fatherland at this time of special need. This Church believes firmly: 1. That God is a loving Father who cares for all of His children, even when they ignore Him.

WALDENSIAN YOUTH BETWEEN SCHOOL SESSIONS IN THE GERMANASCA VALLEY 2. That Jesus Christ is a living Redeemer, mighty to save individuals, as well as communities and nations and civilization itself from the frightful results of sin and that there is no other Redeemer.

3. That the Spirit of the Living God is an omnipotent and omnipresent personal power, who will enter into the life of any man or group of men who will meet the conditions, and make that man or that group the channel of mighty blessing and power.

4. That there is far reaching reality in fellowship with God and with men through the means of common worship and the unfettered use of the Holy Scriptures.

5. That personal faith in such a Father, through such a Saviour, freely and steadily exercised is invincible, and overcomes every spiritual foe. This is far more than intellectual assent.

6. That love for Christ. shed abroad in the heart, by the Spirit of God, is equal to every spiritual strain. The hard command of Jesus, "love your enemies, and pray for those who persecute you," has

been fulfilled countless times, by the vValdensians, during the persecutions of seven centuries.

7. That on every saved sinner there rests the sobering responsibility to bear witness to the love, mercy and grace of the living Saviour, to everyone within the scope of his influence.

The study of Waldensian history, their covenants, and their creeds, warrants the statement that no body of Christians, under equally trying circumstances, more fully prove their right to be called followers of our Lord and Redeemer, Jesus Christ.

Italy, and all Europe needs nothing so much as demonstrated Christ-ianity, good will, confidence, unselfish service, expressed in the THE WALDENSIAN CAPITAL, TORRE PELLICE, IN THE VANDOIS VALLEYS, NORTH ITALY sphere of one's daily calling, industrial, economic, social, religious_ As Principal Cairns, Moderator of the United Free Church of Scot- land, has recently said, "Jesus Christ is the only Personality in the world Who is not bankrupt."

T1le'Naldensian Church, though only a small minority of the population of Italy, is eminently fitted to render timely and signifi- cant service to New Italy. Why? – 1. It is the only indigenous, national Protestant movement, of Italians, by Italians and for Italians.

2. It has an historic background of great significance, not only to Italy, but to evangelical churches in all lands. It was born, nurtured, and preserved in sorrow and suffering. It has paid in blood for its convictions. The records of the Waldenses, especially in the Valleys have a powerful influence over its sons and daughters, and,

THE NEW rfALY AND THE OLD GOSPEL

they elect the work of Christ at home and abroad, in a far large: proportion than do young men and women in other lands, within my knowledge.

3. It has a simple, democratic, and efficient form of organization. A very large place is given to the layman, though the standard of ministerial training is high.

4. It is intensely missionary. In spite of poverty, and unceasing opposition, political and religious, it has steadily pressed down from the Valleys, since the" emancipation" in 1848, until it has planted churches in more than fifty Italian /Cities, with out-stations and Sunday-schools in over one hundred other points.

5. It is successfully teaching the Bible and preac~ing the good news. Of this statement many new evidences are on file in the Waldensian headquarters in New York.

6. The Waldensians, to a very great degree have practiced that difficult command of our Lord, "Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you." They are winning, slowly but surely, the favor. of the Government, and of their neighbors, by their good will and patient endurance of wrongs and restrictions.

This ancient Church has before it the most challenging opportunity of its history and deserves the sympathy and financial backing of American lovers of an Open Bible and of the evangelical faith.

WALDENSIAN CHURCH (CORNELIUS BAKER MEMORIAL) IN ROME Outstanding Events of the Past Year A. Mission Board Symposiwrn on the TVark as Seen from the Point of View of the Secretary's Desk LTAST January, a letter went from the office of the REVIEW, to thirty-six secretaries of the Home and Foreign Mission Boards, asking for brief reports on the most outstanding and important events of the past year in connection with their work on the mission field or at the home base.

The study of the twenty-two replies received from Board secretaries reveals some interesting facts. There is no note of pessimism though there are some in a minor key. Some secretaries find it very difficult to pick out any outstanding event, but report progress along several lines. Only one Board refers to the doctrinal controversy which is disturbing a number of the denominations and only one speaks of opposition on the field. Only two Boards mention financial difficulties, while five report encouraging gains in receipts. Seven rejoice over the opening of new fields or new stations and five write that the opening of new hospitals or schools marks a new advance. Seven are encouraged by signs of spiritual awakenings and an increasing number of converts. Fonr refer to the Japanese earthquake, its losses, and the effect on Christian missions. Three Boards find of special importance the reorganization of their work at home and four report more or less radical reorganization of the work on the field. Five Boards dwell on the development of the native Christian churches in self-government and self-support, and point out the need for better trained leaders. Anniversaries loom large as the outstanding events in the history of two Boards.

Possibly some of the Boards not heard from could report very encouraging and outstanding signs of progress, while others may be silent because tbey have nothing of interest to report. It is exceedingly valuable to survey periodically the work for which one is responsible 'and to note down what has been done that has been worth while. Records are valuable in giving an account of one's stewardship. Sometimes a survey reveals clearly a lack of vision and a definite policy on the part of the leaders. At times, one realizes the need for better generalship and greater dependence on God for leadership and spiritual power. Sometimes we come to realize through such a review that our eyes and our efforts have been fixed on earthly things that are insignificant and transitory and we feel more keenly the need for the inspiration of a greater task undertaken in the name of our divine Lord. In other cases, we are humbled as we stand in amazed gratitude at the way in which God has wrought wonders in conjunction with our feeble efforts and in spite of our. shortcomings.

354

1924J OUTSTANDING EVEN'l'S OF THE PAST YEAR

The letters printed below should be read by all interested in the great world-wide work of Christ. Through them many may be inspired to greater faith, to greater self-sacrifice and to more devo~ tion in prayer, in giving and in service, to fulfil the will of God among men.

The Seventh-day Adventists "Probably the most significant event indicating remarkable progress is the advancement evidenced in the stress-ridden portions of Europe. In the sections that have been passing through the great- est hardships, we are getting the most converts. In those areas we have been realizing greater gains in converts than in any other di- vision of our world organization. While Europe has been passing through the valley of the shadow for many years, yet, during those same years, our work has marched forward in a way that seems miraculous.

"In old Russia our net gain in converts for the first three quar- ters of 1923 was 2,213. Roumania reports 921 souls for 1923. The European Division reports over 10,000 baptisms for the year.

Neither Bolshevism nor famine, poverty nor hardship is able to pre- vent the progress of the Gospel. We feel grateful to God for the re- markable achievements by a small army of faithful soul-winners in the distressed portions of Europe.

"Reports from heathen lands contain such outstanding features as this word from the general director in the Far East: 'In the Phil- ippines the baptisms for 1923 were 1,029.' This echo comes from Central Africa: 'During 1923 the Zambesi field increased its mem- bership more than one thousand.' And so from every part of the world the cheering word of unprecedented advancement is reaching our Foreign Mission Board. B. E. BEDDOE.

Washington, D. C.

Amerioan Baptist Foreign Missions 1. The year has been remarkable for the record of evangelistic achievements. A total of 18,415 converts was added to the membership of the churches by baptism during the preceding statistical year. This is the largest total ever reported in a single year in the 110 years of the society's history.

2. Another significant event was the reduction in the accumulated deficit, which by unexpected larger income from various sources, and through a substantial reduction in expenditures, was reduced from $914,262.50 to $661,540.10.

3. In view of the blessing upon the evangelistic preaching tour in Czechoslovakia during the preceding summer, the Board sent to the Baltic States one of its members, Dr. S. "V. Cummings, for a similar preaching tour during the summer of 1923. He addressed

thousands of people and hundreds were brought to a saving knowl- edge of Jesus Christ.

4. The year 1923 must also record an unparalleled disaster in foreign missionary effort occasioned by the Japan earthquake, which damaged and destroyed property consisting of the '1'okyo Tabernacle, Mabie Memorial School, four Baptist churches, five missionary resi- dences and several other buildings, involving a total loss of ap- proximately $500,000. Never in its history has the society been called upon to face such a staggering blow to its work.

5. The encouraging development of self-support on the foreign field, in that now 61 per cent of the churches are entirely self-sup- porting, gives promise of still further development under proper mis- sionary leadership. Furthermore, the thousands of new converts must be wisely shepherded, and leaders from among them must be trained, so that in the days to come the new churches may grow rapidly to self-support and become centers for yet broader exten- sion of the faith.

New York City. P. H. J. LERRIGO.

New York American Baptist Home Mission A heartening undercurrent of evangelism has been noticeable in the work of all of the departments of the society during the past twelve months. Special evangelistic effort, accompanied by baptisms in every church in the state, has been adopted as the goal of the Oommittee on Evangelism in many states. A new vision of the possibilities of lay-evangelism has been grasped after our several Oonferences on Evangelism. The plan includes the appointment in every association of a given state of a layman whose duty it shall be to secure one layman in each church to cooperate with the pastor in the carrying forward of a special evangelistic campaign within the church.

Gracious revivals have awakened many towns in Eastern Ouba during the past two years. Students at EI Cristo College have become followers of Ohrist almost without exception. The native pastors trained by our American missionaries in Oentral American republics are continually leading groups of Ohristians into neighboring towns to make new converts.

Thirty students in the Mexican Boys' High School at Saltillo, Mexico, have declared an intention to study for the ministry.

Accompanying the generous gifts of money by Indians for the support of Bacone Oollege and Murrow Indian Orphanage, there have been consecrations of young Indian lives to Ohrist and His service. During December, 1923, a series of evangelistic meetings resulted in thirty-two baptisms at Bacone and there are now only two students who are not professing Ohristians.

Among the Kiowa Indians a spiritual movement developed

EVENTS OF THE PAST YEAR

through the positive stand for righteousness on the part of leading men and women that resulted in new converts won to Christ and many pledges made for Christian service. OUARLES L. WHITE.

New York City.

Southern Baptist-Foreign Missions There has not been, to my knowledge, any incident or develop- ment in our foreign mission work worthy of special attention.

Persecutions of our Baptist people in RJoumania continue. This will, I judge, be hard for Roumania to explain to the satisfaction of the American public after the agreement which Roumania entered into with the Allies when her present territorial boundaries were recognized.

There has lately been imprisonment of some of our Baptist men in Russia where the unsettled state of affairs gives us great anxiety. J. F. LOVE.

Richmond. Virgin'ia.

American Friend&-Foreign Missions Among the significant events of the past year on Friends' for- eign mission fields are the following: 1. The opening of a theological department in connection with the school at Holguin, Oriente, Cuba. Five young men are availing themselves of the opportunity to prepare for positions of leadership in the Cuba Church.

2. The church in Jamaica has experienced a phenomenal growth in the matter of self-support and in educational and evangelistic work. An enlarged church and school building program has been carried to completion.

3. The growth of the Normal Training School and Girls' Board- ing School in East Africa. Between forty and fifty young men—;- some the sons of chiefs and headmen-have entered upon a course of study which will prepare them to minister to the needs of their own people. More than thirty girls have been in attendance at the Girls' School in spite of the opposition on the part of some parents, headmen and others to advanced education for girls.

4. The growing eagerness of the Mohammedans and Protestants in Palestine for education. Friends are conducting day schools in six Mohammedan villages north of Jerusalem. Ohristian teachers are used and the people eagerly send their children for instruction.

-,.,~ Richmond, Indiana. B. WILLIS BEEDE.

d.F The Christian Reformed Church ~ Our little denomination does not havl'l big things to tell as other org~nizlttiomJ, but perhltp!l the following may interest you.

There are at present eight Christian Reformed llllssionaries in China, one of them at the Nanking Language School, and seven engaged in work in the city of Jukao, Province of Kiangsu.

Besides these workers in China, the Church has some 27 workers among the Indians of the Southwest, four stations being on the Navajo field and one station among the Zuni Indians, both in New Mexico, and two Hebrew mission plants-one in Paterson, N. J., and one in Chicago, Ill. At Hoboken, N. J., we maintain a Home for sailors and immigrants.

HENRY BEETS.

Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Church of the Brethren (Dunker) The oustanding new work of the denomination along missionary lines is the opening of work in Nigeria. Early in 1923 Rev. Albert D.

Helser and Rev. H. Stover Kulp entered Nigeria. as an investigation commission for the Church of the Brethren. 'I'hey selected a site in the Bornu Province and have secured permission from the Government to conduct a school at Garkida.

Work well established in India by a force of sixty missionaries and in China by fifty American workers is prospering in a normal way. In India there has been a distinct movement to emphasize the Indian Church more and the Mission less. The foundation for the new vocational school was laid and this will be invaluable since it is realized so keenly that the hand must be better trained to help carry out the Christian impulses of the heart.

Elgin, Illinois. H. SPRNCER MINNICH.

The Church of God "In the following paragraph we relate an event that, in our particular work, looms rather large.

" 'On Sept. 1, 1914, there was opened in Cuttack, India, under Miss E. Faith Stewart, a home for girls known as "The Shelter." Since it was established "The Shelter" has rescued more than one hundred of these girls, who, taken from the temples and dens of vice ·while very young and before they had entered lives of sin, were thus in a condition to be trained to lives of morality and Christian usefulness.

" 'But this institution is for girls only. Hence, Miss Stewart's heart was stirred for the need of the many orphan boys in India who need a place of shelter and an opportunity for Christian education. Money and workers having been provided for this purpose, the Boys' Home was opened sometime during the summer of 1923. The beginning was small, but as there are plenty of boys on whom to work in the Province of Orissa, the growth will be limited only by

OUTSTANDING EVENTS OF THE PAST YEAR

the workers and the means available. This institution will also provide husbands for the girls of the Shelter. J. W. PHELPS.

Anderson, Indiana.

Christian and Missionary Alliance During the year 1923 the Christian and Missionary Alliance was enabled to open mission stations in four distinct language groups where no resident missionary work had ever previously been carried on and no message of the Gospel was being given. These groups are: Ca.mbodia, where we opened a station in Pnom Penh, the capital, in January, 1923, and have since baptized the first Cam- bodian converts. Later in the year another station was opened at Battambang, each of these occupied by a married couple. Cambodia has a population of over a million and a half and we are glad for the privilege of carrying the Gospel to them.

The other three groups are in French Vest Africa and include the Poula or ]j'outa group, in j1"rench Guinea, numbering 655,000 principally Mohammedans, in which we have opened two stations- Mamou and Labe; the Senoufo tribe, numbering with the related group of Habes 450,000, with a station at Sikasso in French Soudan j and the Bobo tribe, a practically naked pagan tribe of 308,000, with the main station at Bob-Dioulasso. Funds for the carrying on of the Bobo work are being given through the Alliance treasury by a missionary society of an Evangelical Conference in Pennsylvania.

In the last two years our missionaries have been enabled to open thirty-two new stations principally in hitherto unoccupied regions and in doing this only one previously occupied station was closed to the work and turned over by arrangement with another society.

Through an exploration trip made by Rev. H. B. Dinwiddie~ Co-Secretary in our Foreign Department and also Secretary of the Pioneer Mission Agency, and Rev. G. P. Simmonds, for many years one of our missionaries in Ecuador, and by a survey made by R. B.

Clark of our Brazil Mission in a trip from Iquitos through Central Peru to Lima, information has been secured regarding the Oriente and upper Amazon region and portions of Peru, where there are many Indians with no message of the Gospel and steps are being taken to enter within the next few months different portions of the territory surveyed. A. C. SNEAD.

New York City.

Congregational-The American Board It may not be possible to point with assurance to "the most outstanding fact or event" in connection with our work during the year 1923, but one inclines to remark the progress in native leadership on the several fields as the significant outcome of the year.

The process of transferring responsibility from mISSIOnaries to native leaders has been going on for years. The elevation of qualified Christians in India, China, or elsewhere, to positions of trust and administrative power was begun long before 1923; but in this last year the process has gone forward more widely, with in- creasing rapidity, and in more systematic fashion. Mission organi- zation has been restricted or revised so as to provide for a real devolution.

The Marathi Mission in India has created an Indian Mission Board, made up largely of pastors and leading laymen with but two missionary representatives, which has taken over the care of the church life and of elementary school development in one section of the field. An Indian educator has succeeded to the headship of the Mission high school in the city of Bombay. In our South Indian fields the care of districts and of stations formerly in charge of resi- dent missionaries is now transferred to the hands of Tamil leaders.

In North China, in addition to strengthening the organization of the Council which is the supervising and directing body for the whole Mission enterprise in that large field, two Chinese educational supervisors have been secured in place of the foreign supervisor originally called for to guide in school development.

In Japan, where the Kumiai churches have been independent and self-determining for many years, in 1923 the Mission transferred to the organization of these churches the care of the churches that were the outgrowth of its work and had been dependent in part upon its grants in aid. They transferred also the funds which had been employed in aiding the churches to the holding and distribution of this organization, contentedly accepting the limited representation of two members of the Mission in the body of control.

Boston, Mass. W. E. STRONG.

Methodist Episcopal Church, South On my recent visit to the Orient I noted two great awakenings everywhere manifest, intellectualism and nationalism. These facts call for a swift spread of Christian id'eals, lest this generation should fix standards and loose forces that will set the clock of civilization back a century.

The Church of the Orient is taking form; it is becoming indigenous; it is growing in self-consciousness, self-respect and a sense of power and responsibility. The development of a native leadership will more and more shape and direct the Church of the future. Together with the development of the native leadership, the past year records a distinct upward step in self-support.

In the light of these lines of development, perhaps the most outstanding achievement of the past year is the organization by the China mission conference of a mi,ssion of its own in Manchuria. The

OUTSTANDING EVE~TS OF THE PAST YEAR

money has already been raised by the Chinese and the mission opened .under the joint superintendency of a foreigner and a native worker. This is the first instance in our missionary annals of a foreign mission field so catching the spirit of Christ that the natives themselves established another mission.

The revival movement which swept Shanghai recently stands out as a notable example of progress. This was a union revival, organized, financed and operated by the Chinese. The preaching was done by the Rev. Z. T. Kaung, a Methodist. As a result of his work more than 1,500 conversions were recorded in less than two weeks, and the crowds were so great that by order of the municipal police the doors of the city hall, where the meetings were held, were closed at a certain hour, because of overcrowding.

At home we have emerged from the Centenary regime with credit and with a forward reach. During the past five years South- ern Methodists have added to their responsibility 20,000,000 people, a new continent, and four flelds to their territory, with four new languages in which the Gospel must be preached. We have almost doubled our missionary force. The foreign mission program is three times as great as in 1918; and we are at a point to shape up and mobilize the forces for a great forward look in the field of missions.

NashviUe, Tenn. W. W. PINSON.

The Moravians The events which seem of importance to us in our mission work may appear rather humdrum to those accustomed to deal with large affairs.

In Alaska the work among the Kuskokwim Eskimos shows a net gain of exactly 200. ·When one realizes that these are really "handpicked"-won "one by one" it is a remarkable increase. The total Eskimo membership is now 2,125.

The outstanding administrative feature was the authorization of the building of a motor boat at a cost of $15,000. This is very important ·since there are no roads in the Kukskokwim District and all travel between the widely scattered stations, outstations and preaching places must be done by dogsled in winter and boat in summer.

In Nicaragua the Moravians are working among the Creoles and among the Sumu and Miskito Indians. A remarkable work of grace has been going on, especiaUy among the Indians of the upper coast, which has continued now for more than two years. Adult heathen are crowding in and pleading for baptism. In 1921 the net increase was 652; in 1922, 446; in 1923, 633, and now several hUl1dred are under instruction for baptism. The total membership is 10,107.

This is the largest work among the Indians of Central America car- ried on by any church anywhere. PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ.

Bethlehem, Pa.

3

Presbyterians, North-Foreign As to the most outstanding facts or events in connection with our missionary work during the year 1923, I would suggest the fol- lowing (in addition to the reorganization of our Board to include the Woman's Board): 1. The plans for the organization of the Union Mission in Meso- potamia to be jointly maintained and administered by the Reformed Church in America, the Reformed Church in the United States, the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., and also it is hoped the South- ern Presbyterian Church and the United Presbyterian Church.

2. The opening of the hearts of the Japanese people and the removal of suspicion and international distrust by the great out- pouring of American friendship and goodwill in connection with the earthquake relief.

3. The return of the Assyrian Christians and of the missionaries .to Urumia and the beginning of the reestablishment of the Church there.

4. The securer establishment· of the new Mission of the Church in Southern· Yunnan among the Tai people. ROBERT E. SPEER.

New York City.

Its object was to rescue from the public brothels of the Province of Orissa, young girls who had been trapped and taken there, or sold to such a life by their parents; as well as little girls who had been married to the gods in the temples.

Presbyterian Board of National Missons Without doubt, the most outstanding event in connection with the work of National Missions during the year 1923 was the organiza- tion in May of that year of the Board of National Missions. There was thus created a great inclusive National organization charged by the General Assembly with responsibility for all of the work of the evangelization of the home land. Home Missions was one of the earliest concerns of the Presbyterian Church. It was a concern of the first Presbytery, the first Synod and of the first General As- sembly. The General Assembly of 1802 appointed the first Standing Committee on Home Missions and the original Board of Missions was organized in 1816.

The year has necessarily been one of transition and reorganiza- tion. A new operating organization has had to be built in which all of the interests of all of the cooperating agencies have had to be conserved. This initial task is now carried to the point where with the beginning of the new fiscal year the National Board is enabled to energetically prosecute its task to win America for Christ.

New York. H. N. MORSE.

1924J OUTSTANDING- EVENTS OF THE PAST YEAR

The Presbyterian Church (South)-Foreign Among the most outstanding facts or events in the history of our Southern Presbyterian foreign mission work I briefly mention: 1. The fact that in spite of the large dependence of our Treasury on those engaged in cotton raising, and the ravages of the boll weevil in that industry, there has been no falling off, but on the con- trary an encouraging gain of approximately $150,000 in contributions up to the present date as compared with last year.

2. The present year marks the beginning of a new departure in our Mission administration in the appointment of three women as full voting members of our Board.

3. While our work has been disturbed by the Modernist-Funda- mentalist controversy, so far only in one case has any charge of doctrinal unsoundness been brought against any of our missionaries, and in this case the one implicated, after undergoing the most thorough investigation, received a unanimous vote of confidence from his Presbytery. S. H. CHESTER.

Nashville, Tenn.

Presbyterian Church (South) Home Missions (1) The year began with an indebtedness that increased until it aggregated $119,000, which was entirely wiped out leaving a small balance with which to begin the new current year.

(2) It witnessed the greatest Building Era in its history, which made demands upon Church Erection funds far beyond the financial ability of the Executive Committee, compelling it to decline applica- tions for help totalling nearly $200,000. This, however, did not prevent a Forward Movement in Church Erection which was in- augurated by appropriations for San Antonio; Texas involving a building outlay of $100,000. This is a specimen of similar operations to extend to a dozen other cities.

(3) The su.mmary of results reveals additions to the church, through the agency of Assembly'S Home Missions on profession of faith, aggregating 10,352 and by letter 4,967, making a total of 14,419.

(4) New equipment provided during the year for its mission work gives Stillman Institute for Negroes at Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Oklahoma Presbyterian College for Indians at Durant, Oklahoma, Stuart Robinson Institute for mountaineers in Kentucky their larg- ost capacity for service; while the $50,000 raised for the Mexican Girls School in Texas assures the sUCjCess of this new institution, at least in the first unit of its building operation.

Atla!J'!ta, Georgia. S. L. MORRIS.

l'resbyterian Church in Canada In our ten Foreign Mission fields the years 1918 to 1923 have been amongst the most encouraging years of our history. Famine relief in Honan in 1922 introduced a new era. The Chinese seem now to have got rid of the thought that foreigners were there for some sinister purpose, political or personal. One of our mission- aries reported that he had examined 2,000 candidates and enrolled 1,000 of them, asking the other 1,000 to delay for further study and conference. Another missionary also reports that he cannot oveI'take the number seeking examination. The barriers seem to have been broken down and the dooI's stand open. In Honan, when churches do not exist and the weather is not suitable for street preaching, tents are pitched and good audiences are secured, after- noon and evening, for ten days or two weeks and then our workers move on to another place.

The Jubilee of th~ North Formosa Mission was celebrated last year and reports come of a responsiveness there not known before.

Students have organized themselves into volunteer bands, and go out to villages round about for evangelistic work.

The Semi-Jubilee was celebrated last year in our Korea Mis- sion and the Korean Church manifests enthusiasm and enlarged out- look.

Toronto, Oanada. R P. MACKAY.

l'rotestant Episcopal Church The Protestant Episcopal Church feels that a new epoch in its missionary work in Japan began in December, 1923, with the consecration to the offiq,e of Bishop of Rev. Joseph S. Motoda, Ph.D., D.D., of the Diocese of Tokyo and Rev. Yasutaro Naide, D.D., as Bishop of Osaka. ':1.'0 quote the words of Bishop McKim: For the first time in the history of the missions of the Churches of the Anglican Communion, a native Church in Japan has created a self- supporting diocese, has elected its own Bishop under its own canons, and has become an integral branch of the Anglican Communion tm equal standing with its sister churches of England and America.

New York City. A. B. PARSON.

Reformed Church in America-Foreign In the Arcot Mission, India, the outstanding event from an administrative point of view is the organization by our Arcot Mission of the Arcot Assembly with a Constitution and By-Laws. This is perhaps the most advanced organized response within the churches of our missions to the new spirit that is running through the great countries of Asia. The stirring among these keen minds of the Orient of new ideas, particularly since the great V,rar, has influenced them, not only in their political life but in their religious as well.

1924J OUTSTANDING EVENTS OF THE PAST YEAR

The indigenous churches which have grown up in those countries have been moved by the challenge to self-determination and they have been endeavoring to express it in ways that have called out the sympathy and cooperation of the missionaries.

This Arcot Assembly is made up of the members of the Arcot Mission, the officers of the Indian Church Board, pastors of churches and other ordained ministers, headmasters and headmistresses of leading educational institutions, Indian representatives of the hospitals and laymen representatives of the communicant membership of the churches.

An outstanding event in Japan in which our Mission has had an active part has been the final organization after several years of anxious consideration of a Joint Evangelistic Board, made up of representatives of the Church of Christ in Japan aud of the cooper- ating Reformed-Presbyterian Missions, for the conduct of evangelis- tic work within the boundaries of the Churph and the cooperating Missions.

In the new mission field in Mesopotamia a forty-foot motor boat has been put into service to carry the gospel message along the rivers and canals and channels, to the tens of thousands of Arabs living in villages and hamlets and camps dotting all the water courses.

With the help of the Milton Stewart Evangelistic Fund a kero- sene motor boat was purchased from the British army for about $1,000 and has been named the "Milton Stewart." A cabin has been fitted up in the after part so that Mr. and Mrs. Dykstra can live on her for a month at a time.

New York City. WM.1. CHAMBERLAIN.

Reformed Church in America-Domestic It seems to me that the outstanding development in our work during the year 1923 was that connected with the growth of some cities and communities which are centers of influence for the Re- formed Church and which have called for a work of Church Extension of unusual size and scope. In the East this condition especially applies to the Metropolitan District, including Suburban New Jersey, Long Island and Staten Island. In this field the opportunities for extension have been limited only by the financial support the Board has been able to give. The same condition applies in the .Middle West, in and about the cities of Gran~ Rapids, Muskegon and HoI- land, :Michigan, and Chicago, Illinois. The willingness of people to support new church enterprises in these and other communities would seem to demonstrate that the average person does not want to live in a churchless community and that there is abiding interest in spiritual matters. "WM. T. DEMAREST.

New York City.

United Christian Missionary Society (Disciples) The most outstanding event in connection with our missionary work during the year 1923 was the raising of the Dr. A. L. Shelton Memorial Fund of $100,000 and the sending out of a new group of seven missionaries to Batang on the Tibetan border. This group con- sists of two evangelistic families, one medical family, and a trained nurse. This will lead to the strengthening of the Tibet station where we have a hospital, a Christian school and an orphanage, and will also make possible the opening of another station in the near future on the border. The fund is over-subscribed and a far larger group of young people would have been glad to go if we could have sent them. STEPHEN J. COREY.

St. Louis, Missoztt"i.

United Lutherans-Foreign Missions The outstanding event in connection with the foreign missionary work of the United Lutheran Church in America during the year 1923 was the effort to raise at least $300,000 as a Foreign Mission Forward Fund. This goal will be reached if all pledges are paid.

It is the purpose of the Board to cancel its indebtedness of $175,000 and to use the rest of its money for advance work in the foreign fields.

Negotiations are pending for the transfer of the Shantung Mis- sion Field of the Berlin Society to our Board. This field has three main stations, thirty-three outstations, and before the war there were twenty-eight missionaries in the field.

In India the outstanding event has been the establishment of a Vocational Middle School on the Lam Reserve near Guntur. The Mission is also pushing plans for a United Christian College in the Telugu area to be located at Bezawada. At preilent Noble College at Masulipatam is being used temporarily as a United College.

In Liberia the Lutheran missionaries are pushing backward into the Interior and have opened a new station near the boundary of French Guinea at Zorzor. GEORGE DRACH.

Baltimore, Maryland.

United Lutherans-Home Missions Perhaps the most outstanding fact during the past year was the removal of the headquarters from York, Pennsylvania to Ohicago.

Two other significant events were (1) The division of the West- ern portion of our field with a General Superintendent for the district west of the Rocky Mountains, and (2) a Mission Conference at which the entire directing force of our Home Mission work (General Super- intendents, Synodical and State Superintendents and Field Mission- aries) met with the Board to make a thorough survey of the field and to plan to occupy it more aggressively. JOHN F. SEIBERT.

Chicago, Ill.

OUTSTANDING EVENTS OF THE PAST YEAR

United Presbyterians-Foreign The pro-rata foreign missionary giving of our Ohurch per mem- ber is $6.02, including gifts coming in through both the Foreign Board and the Foreign Department of the Women's General Missionary Society.

The most outstanding event in connection with our work abroad in 1923 was the visit of the Oorresponding Secretary, Dr. W. B.

Anderson and the Recording Secretary, Dr. C. S. Oleland, to all our foreign fields-Egypt, the Sudan, Abyssinia and India. In con- nection with their visit to the Indian Mission Rev. H. C. Chambers, who went to India in 1903, was appointed as a General Secretary of the Mission. This is a departure from the previous policy but it is believed that it will result in much good in the way of coordinat- ing and unifying our work throughout the Punjab.

Abyssinia continues to. hold a fascinating missionary interest for the United Presbyterian Ohurch. There are many indications that this field has been directly opened by the hand of God. Although Abyssinia has nominally been Ohristian for many a century, yet it has been most hostile to present-day Ohristianity. The Abyssinians have at last welcomed American Ohristian missionaries into their land and after four years of occupation the United Presbyterian Ohurch has there a foreign staff of nine couples and six single women, located in three stations, Sayo, Gore and Addis Abeba. Last year, Dr. Lambie, the pioneer missionary in this field, returned to the capital with a $50,000 gift to which $17,000 has since been added, and is erecting a modern hospital in Addis Abeba with the hearty cooperation of the Regent. Over seventy converts have already been reported from this new field, indicating that God has in a special way placed the seal of His approval upon the opening of this work.

Philadelphia, Pa. MILLS J. TAYLOR.

United Presbyterians-Home Board In the matter of policy it is worthy of note that during the past year our three denominational Boards doing work in the Home field have been merged into one under the corporate name of "The Board of Home Missions of the United Presbyterian Ohurch of North America," which now carries three departments-" Home Missions, Ohurch Erection, and Work Among Negroes."

Special financial difficulty has been encountered during the year 1923, since the cost of organizing and maintaining mission stations has greatly increased-ahnost doubled in the last five or six years.

On the other hand, our Home Mission Board has never been confronted with so many splendid opportunities of organizing and developing mission congregations. 'Where we have been enabled to do so, splendid results have fonowed.

Pittsburgh, Pa. R. A. HUTClilSON.

Results of Christianity in

BY GALEN M. FISHER, M. A., NEW YORK Author of "Creative Forces in Japan." Formerly Y. M. C. A. Secretary in Japan.

O NE is reassured as to the stability of the Christian Movement in Japan by becoming acquainted with outstanding living Japanese leaders, such as those mentioned below. Japan is said to have been the first Asiatic country to have a "native" bishop for a Protestant communion. Bishop Honda was the man (or one might well say, the saint) elected to fill the office when, in 1908, the united Japan Methodist Church was formed. He has been followed by two other able men, Bishop Hiraiwa and the present incumbent Bishop Usaki, who, by the way, is a worthy graduate of Vanderbilt University.

This year, at length, after years of preparation, the Anglican church in Japan (Seikokai) consecrated Rev. Dr. S. Motoda and Rev. Dr. Naide as its first Japanese bishops. Like a number of other Seikokai leaders, Bishop Motoda owes a great deal to two early American Episcopal missionaries, Dr. Tyng and Bishop Williams. For collegiate and graduate study he went to U. S. A., taking his doctorate in sociology. Bishop Motoda has won his spurs not only as an educator but as a prolific writer and lecturer. His catholic spirit and judicial poise have made him unusually effective in interdenominational enterprises.

In the Nihon Kiris1do Kyokai (Presbyterial) the foremost elder statesman is Pastor ]f. Uemura. He is a master of expository preaching, for, although his pulpit manner is unadorned and quiet, his fresh exegesis, his incisive thrusts at human nature and his widelanging literary allusions give his messages penetrating power. One of the keys to his influence is to be found in his library, gleaned from all land.s, but chiefly British. Dr. John Kelman is an admiring friend of Dr. Uemura's and when calling on him one time he was left in the library a few minutes while Dr. Uemura went to another room. On the reappearance of his host Dr. Kelman exclaimed, "It's gooo you didn't leave me alone with some of these books any longer, or I might not have been able to resist the temptation!" The Fukuin Shimpo (" Gospel News") is the recognized premier among religious weeklies in Japan. It has from the first-for thirty odd years-been edited, managed and owned (and its deficits met) by Dr. Demura. As though the shepherding of the largest congregation in the Empire and the editing of a weekly journal were not enough, he has successfully maintained a theological school and has been for many years chairman of the National Executive Committee of the denomi" nation. When one inquir'es as to the fountainhead of all this pro- 308 ductivity, it appears that young Uemura as a lad studied in the schools of the late Dr. James H. Ballagh (Dutch Reformed) and Dr. Samuel Rollins Brown (Presbyterian). It was due to Dr. Ballagh's influence that he became a Ohristian.

The Kumiai (Congregational) Churches in Japan are rich in a.ble leaders, especially in the first,- and alas-the passing, generabon. Among them the group who came from the famous "Kumamoto Band" stand foremost. rrhis group includes Pastor Kanamori, the "three hour sermon evangelist," so widely known in America, Pastor Miyagawa, the powerful pastor of Osaka, Pres. Ebina, of Doshisha DR. SAKUZO YOSHIMO KA.TINOSUKE !BUKA Professor in Tokyo Imperial University; leader President of Meiji P.aku1n College; chairman in progressive political and reUglouB National Cummittee of Y. M. C. A" Ex-moderator thought ot Presbyterian General Assembly; Ex-chair- m a n of National S. S, Associa.tion.

tTniversity, and his predecessor, Dr. Tasuku Harada, now of the University of Hawaii. Dr. Ebina, president of Doshisha University, has always been more a prophet than a theologian, and his persuasive presentation of the love of the Father and of the Lordship of Jesus Christ has gone far to stop the mouths of gainsayers and to make them thankful that in every way Christ is preached.

One of the greatest gifts of Doshisha to Japan is Oolonel Gumpei Yamamuro, the master mind of the Salvation Army. His funds exhausted, young Yamamuro was on the point of being compelled to leave Doshisha, when a fellow student anonymously paid his fees and enabled him to continue. Some time afterward he learned who had so befriended him, and on asking the reason, found that it was the

love of Christ in the heart of a lad who was peddling milk and eating short rations in order to help him out. Naturally he was deeply touched and was moved in large measure by this incident to become a Christian and give his life to the service of the poor and unfortu- nate. Col. Yamamuro's pen and voice have reached literally millions with a kindling message. His volume, "The Common People's Gospel," has the quality of Spurgeon and Moody. and has gone through countless reprints. As he speaks, even a hearer ignoraut (If Japanese could hardly escape the drawing power of his glowing sympathy and unaffected concern for sin-chained hearts. The growth and standing of the Salvation Army in Japan are due largely to bim, for with extraordinary evan- gelistic gifts, he unites confidence- winning character and shrewd common sense.

In the younger generation of ministers there are a number of able men in each of the denomina- tions. Rev. H. Hatanaka of the Kumiai Church is one. In his boy- hood he was practically adopted by Miss Mary Wainwright of the Congregational Mission and in America he bore the name George Wainwright. Her unstinted ef- forts on his behalf have borne rich fruitage. After graduating from Oberlin College and Theological Seminary he had the distinction of SOICRI SAITO serving with success as a Boys National General Secretary of tbe Y. M. C. A. Secretary in Pittsburgh Y. 11. C. of Japan A. among American boys. He was equally successful in similar work among Japanese boys at Osaka.

But his riper powers found fuller outlet in the pastorate, at Kyoto.

1'here he was for several years the dynamic leader of a large central church embracing alike merchants and students, men, women and ehildren. That he has had a helpmeet of ability in his wife, a grad- uate of a mission college, will have been surmised by readers who know how often the wife is the better half in American pastorates. A few months ago Mr. Hatanaka accepted the insistent call to become Dean of his wife's alma mater, Kobe College. In student conferences he has been an especially effective speaker. His exceptional com- mand of English, added to his winsome personality, have made him one of the best interpreters: Dr. J aIm R. Mott spoke through him almost exclusively two years ago.

LIVING RESULTS OF CHRISTIANITY IN J APAN

Rev. Toyohiko Kagawa of Kobe, although barely thirty-five, is today one of the most widely read and respected Japanese. His ~).ctivities for the last five years have been manifold: preacher, evan- gelist and lecturer in universal demand, author of sociological, re- ligious and imaginative works of note, including an autobiographical novel which in 1921-22 was a "best seller"; organizer of the -Test- ern Ii'ederation of Labor and of the hitherto helpless and scattered 1enant farmers into a national union. Kagawa is one of the most remarkable examples of the highly multiplicative effects of Christian mlSSlOns. Since the earthquake, he has been giving himself unspar- ingly to relief and evangelistic work among the stricken multi- tudes of the Tokyo slums.

Among the notable Christian laymen, it is difficult to select a few for special mention. Kichi- taro Muramatsu of Kobe went to New York in his youth to study business, and on his first Sunday in the great city attended a church where an incident occurred which leavened his whole life. After the service he was hoping some one would greet him, and at length a kindly gentleman did so, in the heartiest way, and after inquiring about bis religious and business connections, invited the youth to call at his office in the Twenty- MISS MICHl KAWAI third Street Y. M. C. A. It was National General Secretary of the Y. W.

none otber than the General Secre- c. A .• Japan tary, Robert McBurney, himself once a lonely immigrant from Ireland. Although Mr. Muramatsu never saw Mr. McBurney again, that sympathetic word aroused in him the resolute purpose to dedicate his own life to befriending young IIlen away from home in bis own city of Kobe. To tbat purpose be has been inflexibly true for more than a quarter century. He has lived a busy mercbant's life and bas reared a fine family, but be has at the same time been superintendent of a Sunday-school and president of the city Y. M. C. A. and a leader in the nationwide expansion of tbe Kumiai Churches. Wben the first Association building fund was be- ing launched, he felt that he as president should lead off, so he con- tributed the one thousand yen which he bad been saving in order to

build a home for himself, remarking that the young men of the city needed a home of their own much more than he did.

The ideal woman of Old Japan was seldom seen and never heard, for the home was her first and only sphere. In New Japan women are invading nearly all the occupations alongside of their brothers. They speak and write on domestic and political issues and conduct all sorts of business, educational and philanthropic enterprises. Among the younger Christian leaders, Miss Michi Kawai stands in the front rank. Descended from an unbroken line of Shinto priests stretching back to the time of King Alfred, her father became a Chris- 1ian and sent her to a Presbyterian Mission School, and later to Miss '1'suda's famous Christian college in Tokyo. There she won a competitive scholarship for Bryn Mawr. Today she is the winsome yet aggressive leader of the NationalY. W. C. A., and is known and honored in Europe and America because of her telling addresses at scores of universities and conventions. Since her last visit to Europe she has aroused the Christian women of Japan to give heroically toward the relief of East European students.

Among young men Mr. Soichi Saito holds a place of leadership Hot unlike that of Miss Kawai among women. He is intellectually a product of the government school system but at various stages he has been deeply influenced by missionaries, particularly of his own denomination, the Baptist. During his undergraduate days he took an active part in the Christian Association, and his thoughts were turned toward Christian service by translating Dr. Mott's volume on "The Leadership of the Church." After graduating from the Tokyo Imperial University he taught for nine years in his alma mater, the government junior college at Kumamoto. The Y. M. C. A. leaders all along desired to secure him as a secretary, but refrained from approaching him out of deference to the prior claims of another Christian agency upon him. When, however, he had declined three calls from that agency, the Association called him to the staff of the National Committee. In a short time he became National General ~ecretary, the first Japanese to hold that post. Whether at home or abroad, in China where the Japanese are bitterly suspected, or in Europe where they are little known, his unerring tact, penetrating insight, and courageous optimism have given him an influence beyond his years.

There are also pronounced Christians in high official circles, among them the Hon. N. Watanabe, Chief Justice of the Korean Court of Appeals and the Hon. Hampei Nagao, director of the Tokyo municipal department of lighting and transportation. The quality of Mr. Nagao's Christianity may be judged by an incident in Siberia early in 1919. Four European nations, and China, the U. S. A. and Japan, were there eyeing each other jealously. The Siberian Railwav was utterly broken down. Japan proposed that it should be restored

1924J LIVING RESULTS OF CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN

under a joint international board, with John F. Stevens of Panama Oanal fame as chairman. Japan's representative was Mr. Nagao. Mr. George Gleason thus tells how he took hold: "On his first night in Siberia we took supper together. 'I didn't want this job,' he said. 'There is too much international politics in it. But my government would not let me resign. I have come over to work with Mr. Stevens. You know him. Is he a Chris- . tian f Because if he is, I will go and have prayer with him, and then I am sure that all of our problems can be solved.'

"Due not a little to the fine Christian spirit injected into that committee by this Japanese engineer, four months later Roland M:orris, the American Ambassador to Japan, was able to say to a group of Osaka business men: 'Every decision of that Technical Board has been unanimous.' "

Mr. Nagao is a man of backbone, not like so many men who put the soft pedal on their religion the moment they become prominent officials. Wherever he has been on duty he has spoken as freely and acted as decisively in support of his Christian convictions as though he were a clergyman. In Kyushu he induced 6,000 of the 8,000 rail- way men under him to sign the temperance pledge. He is an ardent udvocate of church union and when he found the multiplicity of weak churches a handicap to the Christian cause in Moji he brought about a union church equipped with a parish house. Nagao's sterling char- acter and captivating personality win friends for his Master wher- ever he goes.

This gallery of notables may end with Prof. Sakuzo Yoshino. 'rhough still in his early forties, Dr. Yoshino has for ten years wielded a national influence as a fearless, constructive political and religious thinker. During his school days in Sendai he was won to Christ by a lady missionary, and was built up in the faith by his life in the student Association home. In college and university he took honors in scholarship and led the student Christian Association. ']'hree years in China as tutor to the children of Yuan-Shi-Kai laid the foundations for a friendliness toward the Chinese which has never wavered. After higher studies in Germany he was called to the chair of politics in Tokyo Imperial University, a unique vantage- point. Ten years ago, when the liberal or democratic movement in Japan was gasping to be born, he boldly attacked the repressive policy of the administration in Korea. Frowns and threats from !ligh officials failed to silence him. Soon he found himself one of the small band of prophetic spirits who have aroused the latent liberal- ism of the thinking classes.

It is such men and women, holders of the Distinguished Serv- ice Cross in the Christian Army, who justify the brightest hopes for the permanence and expansion of Christianity in Japan.

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 72J MUHLENBERG BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA, P A

COLLEGE STUDENTS AND MISSIONS I N the making of the history of modern m.issions, eolleges and college students have a large share. America has its Haystack Prayer Meeting; Japan, its gnarled pine and famous Kumamoto Band. From among German university students, Bartholomew Ziegenbalg and Henry Plutschau, went out. as the first Protestant missionaries to India.

This year, in the Student Volunteer Movement Convention of North America, over 5,000 students met to face the need of the world for Christ and their relationship to His great commission. During the past thirtyseven years more than 10,000 student volunteers have gone to foreign fields as missionaries.

Through the Student Fellowship for Christian IMe Service, thousands of coNege men and women are realizing their responsibility for home mission work, also. Steadily. on college campuses and in college halls, student leaders, who have lifted up their eyes and looked on the field, which is the world, are trying to lead others to see the same vision and to relate their lives rightly to the commission of their Lord.

YALE AND ITS UNOFFICIAL CHI- the Student Volunteers and the In- NESE EXTENSION ternational Young Men's Christian Dr. Harlan P. Beach tells the story Association, a number of attempts have been made to support individuals of one of the greatest student enter· in connection with the Associat,ion or priSM in the history of missions. in cooperation with recognized mis- Decades ago, David Livingstone so sionary societies in Asia. Harvard moved the students at Oxford and and the University of Pennsylvania Cambridge that in 1859 an organiza- for some time carried on independent tion was effected, called the Universi- mission work in China, but after a ties Mission to Central Africa. This few years they ceased to operate.

strong mission has carried on con- In 1902, Yale University decided to tinuously ever since; yet it is not establish a mission of its own in true to its name in the matter of sup- China, and the work has continued port and control, the universities and grown steadily, until, in 1923, its having ~o large part in the enterpri~e support from the New Haven office and no special respons.ibilities. Simi- required $152,589, in addition to lar organizations, initiated through $60,480 received on the field. The student interest in missions, bear money from Am-erica was given by scholastic names-the Dublin. Oxford graduates. undergraduates and friends and Cambridge Missions-and carry of Yale, aided generously by grants on missions in India. They also bear from the China Medical Board of the no great amount, of responsibility for Rockefeller 1<~oundation, and from the manning and financing those missions. Commonwealth Fund. The 1923 In America, under the influence of catalogue reports sixty-three in the 374

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faculty, and an enrolment of more leavened in a missionary sense by the than 450 in the Middle School, Arts sister institution in China and its Department and Medical School. achievements as reported from time Adding the students in the two to time through the college press and Nurses' Schools, there are over 500 at its largely attended annual meet~ students in all. Such a growth in ing on Baccalaureate Sunday. twenty-two years after the first missionary of the Society reached China, The graduates are. more generally and from 1906, when the missionaries interested in the philanthroric and had sufficiently equipped themselves educational phases of Yale in China, to open the Collegiate School, shows and especially in the remarkable medthat Yale in China CYa-li in Chinese) ical work it is doing, educationally is no longer an experiment in educa- and as a healing agency, than in its tion nor in its reflex results upon Yale di'ltinctively religious outcome-an University in New Haven. objective regarded as fundamental and running like a scarlet thread The underlying objective which through the whole scheme by both its actuated the graduates and Student missionaries and officers at the home Volunteers who founded the Society base. Bible study, chapel and church was to establish in a great mission services attended by all the students, field a Christian mission, manned by a vigorous Young Men's Christian its own graduates and supported by Association, voluntary work underthe Yale con·stituency. It was be- taken by Association members for t,he children of the neighborhood, teachlieved that such an enterprise would ing in the Sunday-schools of the varienlist. a deep and abiding interest in ous missions in Changsha, where the missions at the university itself, as its representatives continually report- mission is located, the conduct of Red ed, through the college periodicals, Cross work, the beginnings of tuberinteresting items concernin/t missions culosis work, are some of the ways in in China. It was also believed that a which this spirit of Christian service Christian university had a very real is manifested and nourished. missionary obligation which could, in part" be met by such a mission. They The various missionary societies felt, moreover, that undergraduates which entered the province of Hunan, who became interested in missions after it was opened to the previously during their college course and con- hated foreigner in 1902, united in tributed to the cause, would continue asking this mission to undertake the this interest arid financial cooperation work of higher education. This inviin their various denominations after tation was accepted, and the happiest graduation. This would be a' by- relations of friendly cooperation have product, of no small moment. been manifested ever since. The com- mon church of all the missions in Vhile Ya-li was in no sense an off- Changsha is the beautiful chapel of shoot of Yale University or directed Ya-li. To it, the missionaries come by it officially, it has always had every Sunday afternoon; and the among its leading offi,cers prominent foreign mercantile and diplomatic members of the faculty who have de- community also regard it as their voted themselves unselfishly to the common meeting center. study of its problems abroad and its financing at home. So important has The mission's attitude toward the the mission appeareil to its recently Chinese gentry and other literati has retired president that on resigning so won their esteem and confidence that for years tohey have been assotwo years ago he publicly stated that ciated with Ya-li in the medical work among thc varied accomplishments of through the Hunan-Yale Educational his university administration, no Association, with an equal number of event had seemed equally important directors elected by the Hunanese and as that of establishing Yale in China. the mission. This enlisted support, and Yale graduates are also increasingly secured from the Chinese land and

building for hospital use and a yearly erfl in the attempt to uplift the Chi- subvention. They have thus come to nese people, always with the hope of regard Ya-li as their very own. Its their personal and national regenera- great hospital, costing some $200,000 tion. This has made the Yale experi- and its various buildings, crowning ment in China a confirmed success.

the hill just outside the old city walls, MISSIONARY INTEREST AT and seen from far down the river, are MOUNT HOLYOKE their pride. Ya-li's natural emphasis on athletics makes its campus at By HARRIET VAUGHAN, 1925.

athletic events the one great rallying A constant fresh st,ream of mission- place for the populace, from the Gov- ary interest flows to Mount Holyoke ernor in his silks to the poorest men, through letters from missionary women and children. In time of strife alumnre. Every year committees of -Changsha has been the center of the girls write personal letters containing struggle between North and South for college news to each of our mission- years-the mission premises are the aries, and they in return write inter- neutral ground whither high officials est.iug letters concerning their work flee for refuge. With so many wounded and country. These letters give the in the frequent, bloody encounters, the girls accurate, first-hand pict.ures of hospital's force of thirty-seven staff missionary work. Christmas boxe& members finds its hands full, even if are also sent to two missionaries, one the annual quota of 30,000 out-pa- in Japan and one in Mexico.

tients and the intensive work in the The World Fellowship dil>cussion hospital wards were not their primary group has sought out the foreigner duty. on our campus to give life to a con- Naturally the spirit, of the mission sideration of foreign problems. Stu- has affected the community and espe- dents interest'3d in world problems cially its students and graduates. meet on Sundays between church and Working for the educational and dinner time and at each meeting a physical improvement of the entire foreign student tells about her coun- community enlists their enthusiastic try. This year the phases presented cooperation. Two schools modeled by the students included a brief aft,cr Ya-li and started by its gradu- sketch of the rise of the religion of ates have a joint enrolment of nearly t,he country, their contact with Chris- a thousand. Smaller schools, taught tianity, the changing position of by undergraduates, night schools, etc., women toward freedom as seen in which aid in city sanitation, in famine China and in the Near East, the edu- relief, and in many minor activities, eational situation, the Youth Move- are samples of Ya-li student by-pro- ments, and each country's place in ducts. international affairs. In this way we With the great enlargement. of the are informed as to the problems of t.he mission it has not been practicable nor day and each country is given similar wise to confine the staff to Yale grad- consideration.

uates. This is especially true in the This year we are working out a new Medical and Nurses' Training Schools, plan of House Discussion Groups that where a number of graduates from take the place of the Vorld Fellow- other institutions have been taken ship group once a month. The sub- into t,he mission. Yet an indirect re- jects for discussion have so far been sult of having somewhat more than 'Var and Peace, and Law Enforce- half the staff recruited from other ment. Girls who lead the discussions institutious, though supported by Yale, prepare themselves by reading and by is to carry the missionary interest instruction from some one of author- into those schools which have given ity- who conduct-s a small forum for the cream of their -graduates. The these leaders. At the House Discus- keynote of Yale in China is friendly sion groups everyone seems to have cooperation with Chinese and foreign- something to say and nothing is barred,

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even though it may be mere prejudice of books and magazines of missionary or opinion impossible to substantiate int.erest.

by facts or sound argument. The con- One weekly meeting of the Y. W.

structive part of the discussion comes C. A. each month is conducted as a when we t.ry to formulate the. various World Fellowship meeting. These views and to reach a conclusion on meetings have utilized a missionary which we can agree as the solution alumnus speaker, two Chinese stu- of the problem. On Monday morning dents, reports of the Indianapolis in chapel one of the leaders gives the Student Volunteer Convention, and a results of the discussion. playlet. Since Indianapolis, study This method develops and educates and discussion groups have been or- public opinion, which is a great ganized dealing with the problem of watchword for advance. To develop Race and the Christian Ideal.

public opinion we must have a knowl- The center of our efforts is the an- edge of the facts and then think the nual World Fellowship Week in problem through. The forum method November. This is one of the big seems t·o give an opportunity for ex- events of the college year. It is pression which will be the result of sponsored jointly by the Y. M. C. A.

thinking. To know how to handle the and Y. W. C. A. It was opened this problems which confront the present- year with a special vesper service on day generation of college students, we Sunday afternoon. For this and the must form habits of clear seeing and remainder of the week, t.he chapel was straight thinking. decorated with flags of many nations and with over one hundred posters.

WORLD FELLOWSHIP WEEK AT Sixty additional posters were used COE COLLEGE during the week in fraternity houses By ELIZABETH PATTON, CEDAR. RAPIDS, IOWA and in conspicuous places on the campus to advertise specific events Working with a student body of and to convey the spirit of the week. about 1,000, t.he aim of the World Fel- Most. of these were carefully planned lowship Department of the Coe Col- and prepared during the preceding lege Y. W. C. A. has been to inform summer. Illustrative material was oband interest regarding world condi- tained from magazines and missiontions and the responsibility of this ary picture sheets. Lettering and student generation for Christian captions were varied and ingenious. service. Our efforts during the past When World Fellowship Week was two years have been popular and com- over, the posters were used separately prehensive. as the basis for bulletin board dis- plays. It is our aim to have the idea of World Fellowship permeate all cam- Thc center of campus life being the pus thinking and activity. To keep it constantly in sight, a bulletin board women's dormitory, our ideas were has been conspicuously placed at the most fully expressed there. Each day chapel entrance and is kept up-to-date with clippings, illustrations, let.ters, of the week t.he girls were aroused photographs, curios, and other things to explore a new country. Instead of of world interest. the usual rising bell on Monday, they heard the South Sea tom toms, on Tuesday Alaskan sleighbells, on .A large map of the world hangs in Wednesday Mexican music, on Thurs- the main building. From the point day Egyptian cymbals, and on Friday marked Cedar Rapids, streamers, in Japanese chimes. Morning prayers, school colors, extend to all parts of the each day, dealt with these countries.

earth and bear tags on the end with 'rravel and mi8Sionary books of each the names of Coe's students at their land were on display, and the dinner respective stations in the foreign field. menus were based on typical dishes.

The committee cooperates with the Ii- For instance, on South Sea day we brary in the selection and advertising served: 4

Cannibal Stew turned missionaries, foreign boards, Kaffir Korn etc. A program of music, readings, Stewed roots (potatoes) folk dancing, and Oriental magic was Fruit of the bread tree given in the parlor. Then a glorified Tropical fruits grand march consisting of Indian file, Java coffee German goose step, Spanish fandan- Cocoanut milk. go, Dutch roll, etc., led to the large dining room below where games of There was appropriate music dur- many ·lands were played. Refreshing each meal; proverbs, conundrums, ments served consisted of Turkish or stoatistics of the respective countries coffee and Chinese tea, with round were passed arouud the tables; and cookies representing the world and favors were at each place. For the continents outlined with colored icing. South Sea Islands, these consisted of As a grand finale everyone bid everypeanut and tissue paper carrots; for one else good night by use of a circle A>laska, candy snowballs (sugar cov- handshake. ered filberts); for Mexico three inch bandanas; for Egypt, King Tut fig- Information, fun, friendship – these were all acquired in this experiures; for Japan, tiny fans. mental social function, which was On Monday evening, literary so- voted a distinct success. Expenses for this week's activities, and the work of cieties based their programs on the the committee for the whole year were romance of the South Sea Islands. met by a budget of $115. This in- cluded the contribution of both t·he 'l'uesday evening the chapel was Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. packed for the production of the pageant, "In the Light."* Last year The faculty cooperated during we gave "The Striking of America's World Fellowship Week by taking five minutes or more during each class Hour. "t The cast was composed of period for a discussion of the relation of their subject to world conditions representative students, many lands or to the missionary enterprise. being represented by their own nationals. Music was supplied by the Every morning during the week, regular vesper choir of one hundred and for several weeks preceding, the committee and a group of those intervoices. ested met for an informal prayer Wednesday and Thursday were circle. These were the power and in- spiration behind all that was accomgiven over to our special speaker. He plished and were the secret of our led a joint. Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. meeting Wednesday morning, success. spoke at regular chapel exercises Thursday morning, to mixed audi- A WORLD MAP AT MONTANA ences Wednesday and Thursday evenings, to the .Student Valunteer UNIVERSITY groups and to both "Y" cabinets. The By MAUDE GWINN, Student Secretary remainder of' his time was filled with The idea of using a world map for missionary educlltion presented itself individual conferences. to us in an interview between a visit- On Friday night the climax of the ing Student Volunteer secretary and our Y. W. C. A. World Fellowship week came in the form of a Merry- chairman. The linen map became a Go – Round – the- World All- College part. of our equipment, but lay un- Party at which the foreign students used until we conceived the idea of were honor guests. In the parlor of making it an alumni chart. The apthe quadrangle were five exhibit proaching Homecoming Day, the time booths-one for each country we had when many former students would be used during the week. These dis- returning for a visit, gave us the played curios, pictures, books, etc., and needed inspiration. were presided over by students in costume. Material for these booths was obtained from local museums, re- ·Wf'man's Press. 600 Lexington Avenue, New York City. 50 cents.

tLiterature Headquarters, 123 Muhlenburg Building, Philadelphia, Pa. 20 cents.

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First we secured from the regis- MISSION STUDY AT VASSAR trar's office the names of former Mon- MARGARET CRUTCHFIELD tana University students living and I should place very near the top of working outeide the United States. the list of words misunderstood by The map was then placed on a iarge students and faculty today the two bulletin board in the Administration words, missions and missionary. The Building. The letter M attached placid ignorance concerning their firmly to a pin marked on the map the real significance is awe-inspiring. Too location of the university. Many often, however, we mission devotees threads of green string stretched spend our energy in combatting this themselves from t,he pin on the M to ignorance instead of in supplanting the various locations, and at the end it by knowledge, and the not surprisof each of these was a small piece of ing result is either passive acknowlpaper containing a number. At the bottom of the map we placed the in- edgment of the ignorance or positive dex, with names corresponding to the antagonism to the missionary project. numbers. After each name was the maHing address and the vocation; and A very frank facing of these facs just, beneath the index sheet was a note led to our evolving a new plan this asking for any new names or addresses year. We decided to lay our whole which visiting 'grads' might know. emphasis on the idea "ye shall know The registrar's list was incomplete. the truth," and to base whatever work Our efforts were rewarded by receiv- we did on an acknowledgment of the ing 80me wanting addresses. fact t,hat at present we did not know the truth about peoples in other coun- The map received write-ups with tries–how they lived, what they sizable headlines in both the universil y thought, how they felt, what their personalities were. Our aim was to and the city papers, and the fact that learn the trut,h about these peoples no organization was mentioned as itlS and then, considering them as people sponsor helped us feel that the articles were spontaneous. We had reason to as well as facts, to discuss presentbelieve that many people were at- day conditions-how satisfactory or unsatisfactory they were and what was tracted to the map, little suspecting, being done about them. Missions perhaps, that t,hey were being made were to be studied and discussed "victims" of missionary education, thoroughly and honestly and in so far Another piece of indirect education as they threw light on our subject, took form through the avenue of a THE TRUTH.

Japanese tea-a venture which is by Last spring we drew up a list of no means unique, of course. But this nine countries (we didn't dare tackle • was a silver-tea, reception, and sale more)-China, Japan, India, Syria, combined. It was held in the home Persia, Egypt, Africa, Latin Amer- of an advisory member, where the ica, and the United States-and se- guests 'Yeregreet.ed and served by cured the titles of three books dealing kimono-clad figures, ushered into with each country: one, a general lantern-hung rooms, refreshed by tea, survey of the count,ry by an author entertained with Japanese music, and unconnected with mission activities; introduced finally to the Japanese two, a general survey of the country shop. The contents of the shop- by an author connected with mission kimonos, incense, lamp-shades, silk activities; three, a biography of the slippers, paper knives, and what-not, finest missionary who had gone to the were secured from a Japanese store in country, Next we mentally surveyed a distant city and sold on a commis- the various groups of girls on campus sion basis. Our guests, who came t,:> and listed possible ,leaders in each be sociable and to contribute to our group, keeping a weather eye for such treasury, had no suspicion that -they characteristics as personal enthusiasm, were being educated Japan-ward, quiet persistence, and genuine fair-

milldedness. After this we made a up-to-date list of articles, chapters personal call on each of these girls, and pages from books that bear on frankly explained our program, and your subjects, so you can hand out asked her to help us in putting it pieces of reading requiring from fif- across by choosing from our listed teen minutes to several hours. Study countries the one she'd like to make Harrison Elliott's pamphlet, "The the subject of a study and discussion Why and How of Group Discussion."

group for the following year. The Always include our own country three books on her list were to be read among those studied. We need it.

during the summer and the leader Such a program means hard and was to select the particular phase that alert work but it is wonderful fun. interested her most. And any number of failures and dis- appointmentoS are balanced when your The astonishment of most of the atheist tells you with a grin that this girls to whom this proposal was made is the most fascinating thing she's was delightfully. funny. Some told us they didn't think they believed in done since she's been in college. missions. One said that she was an atheist. We responded that we did HOW SOUTHERN BAPTISTS MEET believe in both missions and God, and STUDENT OPPORTUNITY tbat what we were trying to do was t·o get at the truth and face it. We had By JULIET MATHER some refusals but eventually we got "Miss College Girl is just. home but our nine leaders and, since they repre- she doesn't take hold of things in our sented nearly every hall in college, we church at all." Often the comment introduced curiosity into many un- is far too true regarding splendid, expected quarters. talented young people who have re- The second week after college turned for summer vacation or come opened, signing up posters (ten in a back at the end of four years with row make a startling array), explana- diplomas ready to be framed. South- tory talks in the halls, and endless ern Baptist women some years ago personal telling about it to individ- carne to the conclusion that one rea~on uals, won members for our groups. the college student did not take hold They meet for one hour every week. of church activities upon returning Weare now trying the experiment of home was that the church had not having all the groups meet together kept hold during the months or years every fourth week to discuss some big of absence. Accordingly the Woman '8 subject like "The Effect of Western Missionary Union appointed a young Industrialism on the East," or "The woman to be College Correspondent, Position of Women in the East and the serving a~ the connecting link be- West," or "What Have Missions Ac- tween college girl and home church complished," each group throwing interests. In the natural development light on the subject from its partic- of this tie, it came about that Young ular country. We have speakers for Woman's Auxiliary, the missionary t.hese meetings when we can get them organizat.ion for young women in and always have a question period. Southern Baptist churches, was trans- It is essential to call frequent lead- planted to the college campus, quali- ers' meetings, for many mistakes are fied in name by the term College made and the leaders are bound to get Y. W. A, and transformed in plans discovered that people are interested, and programs to fit campus life. In making each mistake teach us what practically every Baptist school and not to do, and our successes how to in many state institutions t.here are push ahead, we are learning. We have now College Y. W. A.'s, while every discovered that people are interest·ed state has her College Correspondent in proportion as they get at the facts to visit each college or academy at themselves, but it has to be made easy least once a year. A College Y. W. A.

for them to get at the facts. Keep an Bulletin is sent out bi-monthly from

BEST METHODS

W. M. U. headquarters in Birrning- plans, a week each for stat'e, home and ham, Alabama, containing program foreign missions. College girls are enoutlines, method suggest,ions, ideas couraged to give a tithe of their allowfor socials and friendly frolics, bul- ance as good stewards and the study of letin board items of interest, all of Dr. Agar's "Stewardship of Life,"

which eager committees seize upon one of the required books on the Y. and put to good use. Programs for W. A. mission study certificate, has the term ]923-24 have included four kindled much real sense of honest series so that the Y. W. A. 's meeting stewardship. weekly are provided for. One series Southern Baptist. interests in colhI a study of great women of today, lege students are not limited to Young another discussions of religious be- Woman's Auxiliaries but organized liefs from the standpoint of the college Sunday-school classes and Unions are young woman; a third series includes fostered under the various auspices special occasions like Easter, Thanks- whirh have been lately headed up in giving, Mother's Day and suggests the Inter-Board Commission on Stupractical ways and means for taking dent Religious Activities. .As its name hold by leading young people's or- implies, this Commission is composed ganizations in the local churches upon of representat,ives from each of the return home. '1'he fourth series is Boards of the convention interested in mISSIOnary in nature, presenting the training of young people and the young womanhood of the different Woman's Missionary Union. This countries where we have mission work. Commission has held three splendid In so far as possible, College Y. W. conferences in this college year for A.'s observe the three special seasons students from our western, central and of prayer anticipated in W. M. U. sea·board states.

If AMERICA WERE CHINA- SOUTH CAR~UNA W~ijlD HAVE ON[ DOCT~R NORTH ~~ SOUTH CAROLINA ONE H~SPITAU BODIES WITHOUT CURE SOULS WITHOUT CHRIST A STUDENT POSTER EXHIBITED AT THE JNDIANAPOLIS CONVENTION

Woman's Foreign Mission

Editorial Committee: MRS. E. H. SILVERTHORN, ALICE M. KYI,E, GERTRUDE SCHULTZ STATUS OF WOMEN IN CHURCH were deaconesses like Phcebe; there By MRs. CHARLES K. Roys were women who like Chloe and Lydia Foreign Secretary. Board of Foreign Missions opened their homes for church servof the Presbyterian Churcb, U. B. A. ices.

As a background to any discussion There seems the clearest evidence of the present, position of woman in of spiritual equality between the wom- the Chur~h, it is illuminating to look en and men disciples in those early into the place she held in the early days. Women shared in the experi- Church. Women are mentioned in ence of Pentecost and in persecutions; the gospels twenty-six times. There they shared in service; they prophwere Jesus' relatives, His disciples' esied, prayed and taught and were relatives, His women disciples who active in t,heir roles as deaconesses. It joined His band in Galilee, came with would seem not easy to reconcile some Him to Jerusalem, watched His cruci- of the apostolic teachings with fixion, and were the first t,o greet Him Christ's attitude about the position of after He was risen. women. Although Paul said clearly , Christ's attitude toward woman has that "men and women are equal in a vital bearing on the position she Christ" and Peter said, "men and should hold in the modern Church. women are joint heirs of grace, " both Many of His parables seem to have apostles insist on an inferior position been especially intended for the wom- for women, due doubtless to the spirit en in His audiences. Some of His of the age and to the social usages of most wonderful teachings were ad- a pagan society which could not with dressed directly to women, as indi- impunity be outraged. Social condicated in His talk with the woman of tions may have been different in Pales- Samaria and with Martha at the tine. At any rate, Christ accepted resurrection of Lazarus. Miss Royden women freely and talked with them in has said that the story of the Prodigal public. never indicating at any point Son was preserved for us because a that He considered them inferior to woman heard it and collaborated with men.

Luke in writ,ing those last chapters of In the cal,lv Church one finds wom- his gospel. en active as "deacouesRes, ministering It is assuredly true that Christ ac- to the sick and forming the earliest order of women in connection wit,h cepted women as disciples and re- the Church in the Roman Empire. It vealed Himself to them, sending them, is difficult to overstate the influence forth as His messengers. It is impos- women exercised in the early Church sible to find evidence that Christ sug- (IS wives and mothers. The lives ot gested at any point the inferiority of St. Helena and Monica furnish ample woman or her inabilit>y to reveal Him illustrations of this. Women were truly to the world. among the martyrs in the early Church. Turning to the Acts and Epistles for light on the position of women in the Apostolic Church, we find women Running down through the Medieoften mentioned. There were the val Church, we .find abbesses takinl? women apostles whom Saul perse· the place in the monastic system of cuted; there were women who proph- deaconesses, some of those abbesses esied, as for example, the four daugh- even ruling over houses of men as well tel'S of the evangelist Philip; therp as women. They presided at impor- 382 tant Cburcb Synods, exercising the Baptist (North) ……………. 5 power of a Bishop. After the Ref- Nazarenes …………………. 350 ormation we find women in the Protes- Unitarian …………………. 14 tant Church in Europe raised to a The Universalist, the Christian Scihigb level of service. The earliest entist, the United Evangelical and Protestant. group, the Waldensians., Christian churches also have women allowed women to preach. The Society preachers, In the Methodist Church of Friends from the very beginning women may preach but may not adgave this position to women. The minister the sacraments, There is an early Methodist Church licensed a few International Association of Women Preachers with over one thousand women to preach as local supplies. ID the Colonial Church in America members. In conclusion, it would seem that women preachers had a trying time. women have had a place of service in the Church from the very beginning, The stories of the expelling of Anne but t.he opportunities for leadership HutchinsOin and; two !othep w~m.en Quaker preachers illustrate the diffi- have been somewhat limited when one compares the activities of other orculty of those days. The early Con- ganizations, such as federated womgregational Church in New England en's clubs, political organizations, had an order called "The Church patriotic, and fraternal associations. Widows" (later renamed "Deacon- The Christian Church owes much esses"). For membership in this to the Young Women's Christian As- Order It woman had to be at least sixty sociation, which in fort~ different years old, "rugged physically, full of countries, with work among all kinds tact, refined in nature." Lutherans and conditions of women, has given and the Protestant Episcopal Church most valuable training for leadership. also organized deaconesses. Several outstanding leaders of the younger generation in the Church to- Turning to the Church t.oday one day owe their first training to the finds, in addition to deaconesses, that Young Women's Christian Associawomen are filling important positions tion. as pastors' assistants and as religious education directors. They have long Turning to the Orient, one finds been leaders in the organized benevo- that, just as the Civil War gave Amerlences of the Church from the time ican women the great incentive to selfwhen II The Boston Female Society expression, so the World War has in for Missionary Purposes" was organ- Oriental countries stirred the women ized in 1800 and II The Female Cent Institute" in New Hampshire which to new activities. Japanese women was organized in 1804 on the principle are dealing courageously with vice and of one cent per week for missions. liquor questions. Four states in India Women have also had a place in have given the ballot to women. The the authoritative councils of the part of women in Korea in the revo- Church. Frances Willard was the first woman appointed as a delegate to lution is well known. In China, the Central Conference of the North- women are breaking away from the ern Methodist. Church. It is interest- three Confucian obediences enjoined ing to note, however, that she was re- on women and are wishing to play fused her seat because it was "uncon- their part in the world, doing their stitutional. " work with the men on the principle -"equal work for equal pay." The number of women preachers in A new dav has dawned for the various denominations is indicated by women of the" Orient.. 'Christian misthe following table: siom; are largely responsible for this Brethren ………………….. 10 day. The Church should give its best thought to directing and conserving Congregat.ional . . . . . . . . . . . 20 the potential powers of the woman- hood of the Orient. That this to Disciples ………………….. 2 Seventh Day Adventists ……… 1 Cumberl8Jld Preshyterian .,."". :l5

some extent is being accomplished is highly receptive and dynamic group evidenced by the facto that women are of men and women students-facing having a voice and influence in the courageously the campus problems as councils of the national churches. At they later would those of the larger the National Christian Conference in world. They saw with clearer vision Shanghai in 1922 women nationals a world in which t.he Christ way of spoke, sened on commissions, were life was free to express itself-the elected to the National Council of effect on questions of inter-racial im- China. Here again one finds that the port and the settlement of interna- Young Women's Christian Associa- tional difficulties. tion has been in the lead, electing in several cases nat,ional women to posi- Over in Vellore they have had a tions of directorship of the work as a "baby show." Perhaps fifty babies whole. would be brought, a municipal official thought. Dr. Scudder and her asso- Looking into the future, three ciates thought the number would be things seem evident: larger. Five hundred babies came with more than three times that many (1) The Church must give leader- admiring relatives. The prize baby ship and real power to younger wom- was the son of a Brahmin widow. You en if it is to hold them in the face of can imagine the lessons that were their other opportunities for leader- driven home that day. ship. Of course you see the connection (2) The Orient seems t,o be moving between the girl in the preparatory more rapid,ly in this direction than school, t.he student in college and the is the West.· The graduates of our educational value of a "baby show" mission colleges seem quite naturally in Vellore-or any other place where to be assuming the leadership in the your representatives and mine are at Church for which their training so work. well fits them. We shall be meeting this summer (3) 'Without question a place will in more than fifteen centers to discuss in the fut.ure be given to women on the prog;ram of the Christian enterthe highest councils of the Church. prise throughout the world. Our In- May this come about, not because of dianapolis! Will our potential leadany feminist outburst on the part of ers be there 1 Will the members of the women themselves, but because our women's boards realize the rewomen have a real contribution to markable opportunity it is to touch make. The task of the Christ-ian and know the constituency, that their Church today, as never before in its planning for it may be most intelhistory, calls for the very best think- ligently done? Will our interdenomi- "ing of men and women together. national relationships be emphasized? Will the program be intensive and Much· of the material on "The Status ot conclusive 1 Will there be abundant Women in the Church" has been suggested by opportunity for informal but stimula. the Syllabus prepared for summer conferences ting discussion of the great questions by Miss Clarissa Spenc-cr. of the Young Women's that Christianity is facing today f Christian Associatjon. Will there be time for meditation t,hat the message of the Christ may be "TO ~E ALIVE IN SUCH AN AGE!" heard' MARY PEACOCK INSTITUTE FOR A CHRISTIAN They discussed it recently at their annual ,et-together – a delightful BASIS OF WORLD RELATIONS, group 0 preparatory school girlswhat they meant by "such" an age, VASSAR COLLEGE. JUNE what it means ttO be "alive," what their contads with school and the 14 to 20, 1924 world would mean. A conference of women is being ar- Nearly seven thousand of them ranged by Vassar College to consider came away from Indianapolis – a

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

the problems which face America stewardship. After all expenses were today. Many are searching for the paid a balance of $700 was divided way towards peace. Diplomacy, state- between three interdenominational craft, international law, education, causes. all have their contribution to make in the solution of world problems. This This year's faculty was an espegroup, however, will face the present cially strong and attract·ive one. Mrs. int.ernational situation from the re- Bascom Copenhaver of Marion, Virligious approach and will endeavor to ginia, Chairman of English, Marion discover the especial responsibility of College, and author, taught, "The women, if any, in the great task of making world relations more Chris- Debt Eternal"; Mrs. E. C. Cronk of tian. Philadelphia, Pa., "Creative Forces in Japan"; Mrs. Margaret T. Russell, With the principles of brotherhood Mobile, Alabama, Bible Class. Mrs. and the worth of human personality Henry W. Peabody presented Law as a common bond, the members of Enforcement, the importance of this Institute will examine those issues and situations which not only are training boys and girls and The of vital concern to the future of re- World Federation of Christian Womligion in this and other countries, but en. Dr. Henry W. Meyers, who has which threaten all those forces which been a missionary in Kobe, Japan, for are endeavoring to establish better relationships' between people and na- 25 years under the Presbyterian tions. An effort will be made to get Church, South, gave an address. at the facts of each situation and to that end men and women will be pres- Five hundred and two registered ent to give authoritative information at the Deland School of Missions with as a contribution to the discussions. fifteen denominations represented. Particular attention will be given to Mrs. Charles Rowe Vickery of Sy.rathose situations which involve the euse, New York, taught "Creative missionary enterprise at home and Forres in Japan," and Mrs. S. P. abroad. The lectures, forums and Irwin of Charlottesville, Va., "The discussions will be planned to the end Child and America's Future." that the women present may see channels open, both through organized re- It is impossible to estimate the inligious bodies and secular agencies, to fluence of such schools with thousands work for a finer and better world. In of books, magaznes and leaflets put inthis way the unity of the missionary to circulation and delegates who reenterprise as one aspect of the whole turn to their work with information, endeavor towards international co- inspiration and an enthusiastic desire operation can be fully sensed. and determination for greater service.

TWO UNUSUAL WINTER CON- INTERDEN01!INATIONAL SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS FERENCES 19S4 St. Petersburg boasts this year of 1. California, Los Angeles …… Jnne 2-6 having the largest school in the United States; 33 states, 7 countries, 2. California, Mt. Hermon ….. July 5·12 and 31 denominations were repre- 3. Colorado, Boulder •……. June 18-26 sented, with a registration of 1,663. Their other achievement was the 4. Floridn, Deland …………. Feb. 3-8 largest offering for one cause ever taken in that city which was $4,155 5. Florida, St. Petersburg .. Jan. 27-Feb. 1 for the Nea.r East Relief, in response to a talk given by Mrs. R. S. Emrich 6. Illinois, Dixon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aug. 4-9 who was also giving a course on 7. Illinois·Missouri, Greenville.June 24-28 8. Indiana, Winona Lake .. _.. Jnne 16'·23 9. Louisiana, New Orleans …. Nov. 10-14 10. Massachusetts. Northfield … July 14.-22 11. Maryland, Mt. Lake Park. July 28-Aug. 4 12. Maryland, Baltimore … Oct. .2J8~e299-3130 13. Minnesotll, Minueapolis ….

14. Ne~ York, Chautauqua …. Aug. 17-23 lIi. OhIO, Bethesda …… 2d week in Aug.

16. Oklahoma, Oklahoma City … June 9-13 17. Penna., Chambersburg.. June 27-July 5 18. Texas, Dallas ……… Sept. 28·0ct. 3 19. Texas, Houston ……….._. Oct. 6-10 20. Texas, Kerrville . . . . . . . July 27·Aug. 1 21. Wisconsin, Lake Geneva …. June 23·30 EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVl<:., NEW YORK STUDENT WORK secretaries, and all such secretaries From the report of the Committee for 1923, were asked to present the work among ELINOR K. PURVES, (Jhad",man migrants whenever possible, and to The Committee on Student Work explain to student groups how they has two definitoe responsibilities: first, that of presenting the work among could help, and what was desired of farm and cannery migrants to c?lle.ge students, asking them to share m .ltS them. The cooperation of these ,secresupport; second, that of representmg home mission interests in the Feder- taries in this work has been very great ated St,udent Committee. Its members also serve as the women members of and t,hrough their efforts many colthe Committee on Recruiting the Home Mission Force. leges have become interested, and The aim of the committee was to many college students have offere~ find a way to reach college students with the story of the work among their services as workers at the mImigrant groups, and to solicit. student gifts. To this end, letters were sent grant stations. The work among to the Deans of interdenominational women's colleges throughout the migrants has ope.ned up !l new opP.or- United States, and to the Deans of Women at co-educat,ional colleges and tunity for serVIce durmg vacatIOn universities, asking them to take to the groups in the various colleges months and six times as many stuwhich would be most interested, the information about migrant work, and dents offered to do this work as could the request for its support. These letters brought in many and most en- possibly be .used. couraging replies. Letters also went to the Headmistresses of preparatory The number of student groups sendschools. In colleges from which no replies came, letters were sent to the ing contributions in 1923 consisted of Presidents, and the answers from Deans and Presidents showed a real seven colleges and one preparatory interest in the work, and a desire to cooperat,e, though many wrote that school, a small number indeed, but a college budgets were a;lready overcrowded, and there could be no prom- good beginning, an indication of the ise of a contribution. very genuine interest aroused. Some Literature on migrant work was sent to the President of each student colleges promised to put this wo~k on Young Women's Christian .Association with the request that t,hIS be put their budgets for the next year, and upon the college bulletin board, and the attention of the students be drawn many more wrote that they hoped to to it. be able to do something in the future.

The amount raised from students for the summer of 1923 was $221.17.

The work among migrants was pre- sented at the six student conferences of the Young Women's Christian As- sociation held during the summer mont.hs, this being done both through the denominational meetings at the acot nfmeroernecegs~nearnadl, whenever possible, meetings. Posters prepared by the Council and end?rsed by the Federated Student CommIttee, were used at t,hese conferences and were put in conspicuous places, caus- ing most favorable comment. The student secretaries report that all mi- grant literature was speedily and eagerly taken by the students, anq that much interest, was manifested.

Federated Student Committee Another avenue of approach was The Federated Student Committee through the denominat.ional student holds foul' meetings a year, taking up 386 at these meetings those matters which be successful must be planned far in are of common interest to the various advance, must be made only upon the groups represent<ed on the committee, request of t,he students, backed by the and bringing matters which are the Young Women's Christian Associa- special concern of the several groups tion and the local student pastors, to the attention of the other groups, and there must be a definite program all groups represented being those worked out before the team arrives.

which do some sort of religious work Team vi!>its have given to Church among women students. By its own Board student secretaries an entrance definition thel<'ederated Student Com- into some colleges hit,herto closed to mittee "is an informal group for con- denominational efforts, but now will- sultation and cooperation in religious ing to have such visits if the work of work among women students." The the whole Church and all branches of constituent bodies making up t,he Fed- the Church can be presented to the erated Student Committee are: students at one given time, and ]'ederation of Woman's Boards of through a united effort of the various denominat,ions represented on the Foreign Missions, Council of Women for Home Mis- campus.

sions, The Federated Student Committee Council of Church Boards of Edu- has been instrumental in working out cation, a closer cooperation between the Young Women's Christian Associa- Church Board representatives and the tions, . Young Women's Christian Association Student Volunteer Movement for at student summer conferences, and Foreign Missions, during. the past. year the representa- Student Fellowship for Christian tives of the Boards have been given a Life-Service. larger share than ever before in the The departments of these organiza- program and management of these tions having to do with work among conferences, at some serving on the women students are responsible for Executive Council of the conference, appointing their representatives on at others acting as leaders of Bible the Federated Student Committee. discussion groups in addition to their By this arrangement, the Committee regular t-ask of presenting the work of on Student. Work of the Council auto- the Church at home and abroad to the matically becomes responsible for rep- students of the various denominations. resenting the interests of the Council At each conference the group of on the Federated Student Committee, church representatives drew up Findand its members are the representa- ings on the program of the conference, and, especially on the place given to tives from the CounciL the Church in that program. These Visits bv teams of denominational Findings will form the basis for sugst,udent se~retaries to interdenomina- gest,ions as to future conferences. The tional colleges is one definite line of Federated Student Committee is inact.ivity of the Federated Committee terested in the presentation of the which has grown rapidly. During the work among migrant groups to college college year 1922-1923, > team visits students, and endorsed the plans for were made to twenty-four colleges, covering all parts of the country and pUblicity at student summer conferall varieties of interdenominational > ences. inst,itutions. Some of these visits were The year was marked by real advery successful, much depending upon vance in cooperat,ive work among stuthe preparation made for the visit by dents on the part of the agencies the college, and upon the cooperation engaged in religious work on the of local pastors, and the Young Wom- campus, and your Committee feels en's Christian Association. Experi- that a large part of this has been due ence has shown that team visits to to the efforts of the Federated Student

Committee which brings together in SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS fellowship the Mission Boards of the Affiliated with the Couneil of Women for Church, the Boards of Education, and Home MiBsions the three great student movements, all DATES AND CHAIRMEN FOR 1924 of which have their part to play in Bethesda, Ohio-Second week in AugtIst- Miss Mary 1. Scott, 310 Tomlinson Ave., the Christian life of the colleges. Moundsville, West Virginia.

RECRUITING HOME MISSIONS Boulder, Colorado-June 18·26-Mrs. Albert A. ltteil, 670 Marion Street, Denver, Colo. From the report of the Committee for 1923. Florence G. Tyler. Chairman. Dallas, Texas-Sept. 28·0ct. 3-Mrs. L. P. Smith, 3319 Drexel Drive, Dallas, Texas. There are at the present time a number of groups which are studying Dallas, Texas (Negro)-Sept. 28·0et. 3the personnel needs of the Home Mis- Mrs. C. R. Boswell, 1719 Allen St., Dallas, Texas.

sion fields, the various denominational De Land, Florida-Feb. 4-9-Mrs. John W. policies of recruiting and the possi- Smock, 320 N. Boulevard, De Land, Fla. bilities of standardization. Among these groups are the committee ap- Houston, Texa.s-Oct. 6·IO-Mrs. J. E. Tol· man, 3210 Chenevert St., Houston, Texas. Illinois·Mi.<:souri-June 24·28-Mrs. J. D.

pointed by the Consultative Commit- Bragg, 638 Oakwood Ave., Webster tee of interdenominational al!encies Groves, Mo. to study the problem of Recruiting for Lake Geneva, Wiscon.~in-June 23-30-Mrs. Christian Life-Service, the Federated C. W. Peterson, 11132 S. Hoyne Ave., Ohicago, Ill.

Student Committee, the Student Fel- Minnesota (Min1teapolis·S't. Pauly-June 9· lowship for Christian Life-Service, 14-Mrs. J. F. Marlatte, 419 Newton Ave., North, MinneapoliB, Minn. the Council. of Christian Associations, Mt. Hermon, California–July 5·12-Mrs. and the Committee on Standardiza- Paul Raymond, 90 Santa Monica Way, San Franeisco, Cal. tion of Home Missionary Service. The M01J!ntain Lake Park, Md.-July 28·Aug. 4 Committee on Recruiting the Home Mission Force, through its members, -Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff, Allendale, N. J. has kept in close touch with these New Orleans, Louisiana-Nov. 10·14-Mrs. D. Beach Carre, 44 Audubon Blvd., New groups and it is hoped that the con- Orleans, I.Ja.. clusions arrived at by all these groups' Northfield, East Nryrthfield, MassachusettS'- will be made available for all the de- July 7·14-Mrs. T. Raymond St. John, nominational committees and secre- 341 Webster Ave., Long Island City, N. Y.

taries who are struggling with the Oklahoma City, Oklahoma-June 9·13-MrB. Frank Hampton Fox, 1946 W. Park, Okla· problems of recruiting. The problems of recruiting on the college campus homa City, Okla. St. Petersburg, Florida,-.Tan. 27·Feb. 1, 1924 are of the deepest interest and must -Mrs. G. W. Cooper, 250 Fifth Ave., N., be worked out in the closest coopera- St. Petersburg, Fla. South6'1'n Ca-lifornia (Los Angeles)-June 2· tion. Your Committee believes in the fu- 6-Mrs. Q. J. Rowley, 181 S. Virgil St., Los Angeles, Cal. ture and the usefulness of the Student Wilson CoiCege, GhambersfJurg, Pennsylvania -June 27·July 5-Miss Mru-y C. Peacock, Fellowship for Christian Life-Service. The Chairman attended the meeting Torresdale, Pa. Winona LaJce, lnaia,na,-June 16·23-Mrs. C. of the Executive Committee of the Student Fellowship which was held at W. Peterson, 11132 S. Hoyne Ave., Chi· cago, Ill.

Lake Geneva in September and was Home Missions Institute deeply impressed by the earnestness of the group and the genuine ability DATE AND CHAIRMAN FOR 1924 with which they laid their plans for Chautauq'ua, New York-August 9-15-Mrs.

the year's work. John Ferguson, 156 Fifth Ave., New York.

N. Y.

IN THE SECRET OF HIS PRESENCE Would you like to know the sweetness of the secret of the Lord 1 Go and hide beneath His shadow; this shall then be your reward. ' And whene 'er you leave the silence of that happy meeting place, You must mind and bear the image of the Master in your face.

-Ellen Lakshmi Goreh.

FROM l1rANY

GENERAL also from Ceylon, India, Egypt and Money for Luxuries Syria. Speakers from all these coun- ASTRIKING contrast between life tries will participate in the program. in India and in the United States The general theme of the convenis drawn by The King's BusinflSs, which quotes figures that show first, tion is "Jesus Christ for the Healing that 40,000,000 of India's people of the Nations." Two full days will never know what it means to be satis- be devoted to a conference of officials, fied with food, and a large proportion including officers of the World's Sunof the families are maintained on an day School Association, national or income not exceeding five dollars per internat,ional Sunday-school associamonth, many large families existing tions and their auxiliaries, and deon a much smaller amount, and sec- nominational or inte.rdenominational ond, the expenditures of the Amer- missionary Sunday-school boards or councils.

ican people for luxuries in 1919. For How Native Christians Give cigars and cigarettes $1,310,000,000 REPLYING to the question some7 was spent, and $150,000,000 for cos- times asked by those not familiar metics and perfume. The outlay for automobiles amounted to $2,000,000,- with actual conditions on the mission 000, and $250,000,000 for phono- field, "Isn't it time the nat,ives gave graphs and pianos. (Statistics available elsewhere, based on the 1921 tax something themselves 1" the Amerreceipts, show larger figures for all ican Board of Commissioners for Forthese items.) The article concludes: eign Missions makes the following "It is decidedly against God'8 plan statement about the native Congregathat one nation squander billions in tional churches in the countries where luxuries, while millions of people a it is at wo;rk: "More than one third few thousand miles away, go to bed of India's people earn only one cent every night hungry for the lack of a a day. Grown men say, 'I wouldn't care if I could get one good meal in little of the coarsest food. He who two days.' A' good meal' means only notices the fall of the sparrows also a quantity of black, coarse bread, yet has a record of every misspent dollar. " the native Christians in our fields there gave $37,000 last year. Native Glasgow S. S. Oonvention Christians in China contributed $57,- 000, where labor averages twent'y-five DELEGATES from many parts of cents a day, Japanese Christians as- the world have registered for the sociated with us gave $180,000. The Ninth Convention of the World's Sun- members of the church in Kusaie, one day School Association which will of the Caroline Island group, sent the meet in Glasgow, Scotland, June 18th- Board $400 last August. Their mis- 26th. National Associations are co- sionaries, the Baldwin sisters, brought operating to secure the athendance of to their attention the acutoe need of Sunday-school leaders in thei;r respec- the Board, Poor, pitifully poor, tive countries. The quota of delegates though those natives are, of their own assigned to the United States and will they made the gift. Miss Eliza- Canada is 2.000. The Orient is show- beth Baldwin wrote,' Some of our dear ing great in'terest and many delegates girls said to me as they put t'heir expect t·o attend from the Philippine small offerings into my hand, "It is Islands, China, Korea and Japan; aU that I have." , "

389

Jewish Testimony in Jewish Work tianity report larger results than for- merly.-Christian Century. H ERMAN NEWMARK of London writes in The Scattered Nation Seventh-Day Adventists of the changed attitude of many Jews to Jesus. He says: "There are lead- THE sixtieth annual statistical reing .Jews, for instance, Claude Monte- port of the Seventh-Day Adventist flare in London, who are deliberately denomination shows that their work telling the Jewish nation that what is now conducted in 11~ countries, by they have heard from their infancy 8 division conferences, 55 union conconcerning Christ if! a lot of lies. ferences, comprising 143 local confer- This has placed a weapon in our hands ences, and 153 mission fields, operating particularly in the open-air work. among a population aggregating The Jews who live in London may not 1,479,117,476, and employing 14,389 come into the mission halls, but, thank evangelistic and institutional laborers, God, they do stand around in the open who are using in their work 194 lanair and give their attention! Only guages (publications being issued in ten years ago I was walking past the 114) . Connected with the movement open-air meetings and sneered, but are 224 instit.utions, representing, to- Jews today, like myself, are listening, gether with conference organizations and we have a wonderful opportunity and 1,834 church buildings, a total inof starting with Christ. We can say vestment (for 1921) of $34,196,049.15, to them now that the leading intel- and an aggregate annual income for lectual Jews" are on our side concern- both evangelistic and institutional ing the person of the Lord Jesus work of $28,620,315.93. Christ. They insist that he was the greatest prophet that ever lived. We NORTH AMERIOA start there, and then we carryon: 'If that is true, then a prophet brings Present .Day Mormonism God's message and does not tell lies; therefore Christ must be what he said UTAH Mormonism dedicated, on he was, and he is more than a August 26, 1923, its temple in prophet.' " Cardston, Alberta, Can., which has been under construction for several World Facts about .Jews years, and cost over $780,000. The description of the building in a Cana- THE American Jewish Yea.r Book, dian newspaper includes rooms simi- which was issued recently, gives lar to those in the Salt Lake City the Jewish population of the world temple, which are used for various as 15,500,000. Two thirds of the Jews secret ceremonies. One Mormon ;rite live in Europe, and almost a quarter is "baptism for the dead, the theory of them in North America. The great- being that some relative here must be est Jewish citv in the world is New 'baptized' in behalf of one who died York, with (643,112. Chicago has without being 'baptized' by a Mormon 225,000, Philadelphia 200,000 and 'elder' or the dead person can never Boston 77,500. In Europe, Jews are get to heaven." most numerous in Poland and Ukraine. Germany, France, Great Britain A writer in The Christian Statesand Turkey follow in numerical man says: order. Since the British occupation of Palestine, 27,000 Jews have gone "If you were to visit Mormon churches there. Great hopes of a Jewish state for a year, you would find that the chief under British control have been enter- fador in the Mormon address is a boast of tained, but these plan~ are meeting the superior quality of the Mormons themwith serious difficult.ies. In the Unit- selves. Pancy such a thing in an evaned States, organizations concerned gelical church-the pastor occupying four with the conversion of Jews to Chris- fifths of his time in telling his congregation what great fellows they are in the world I But what would disgust Christians is in- tensely satisfying to Mormons. Associated with the boast is the reprehension of the rest of the world because it misunderstands and persecutes Mormonism and Mormons."

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Especially effective wo.rk in im- the eight,een Lutheran groups of 2,- pressing upon young Mormons that 465,841 ; the nine Presbyterian de- t,here is some worth in the world out- nominations of 2,462,557; the two side Mormonism is being done, this bodies of Disciples of 1,621,203, and writer states, by Westminster College the two branches of the Protestant and the Utah Gospel Mission. Episcopal Church of 1,140,076. The Catholics in fellowship with the Club for Reformed "Crooks" Church of Rome a;re estimated to have NEW YORK newspapers in March 15,750,260 communicants. The great- reported the third annual dinner est. gain in membership was made in of "the Marshall Stillman movement the Baptist group. In some bodies, for reclaiming members of the under- notably the Methodist Episcopal, there world." Among those present were are now more additions to the memjudges, prosecutors, publishers and bership outside than within the industrial leaders, as well as former United States.

highwaymen, burgla;rs and pickpock- ets who had been brought. back to hon- The South a Mission Field est pursuits through the efforts of REV. RALEIGH WRIGHT, D.D., of the Southern Bapt,ist Conven- Alpheus Geer, president and origina.- tor of the movement. Plans were tsihoon~ assembles some striking facts to the work that lies before the announced for increasing the member- ship, now 800, to 1,000, and for esta?- home mission board of his church. He lishing a clubhouse. Mr. Gee.r saId says: "There are within the bounds that he and others in the movement, of the Southern Baptist Convention including all of the former criminals 17,573,455 non-church members above present, had approached members of ten years of age, as against 16,136,112 t·he underworld in pool parlors, soft members of all churches, including drink establishments, in coffee houses Catholics. Mult.iplied thousands of and on street corne;rs, and declared the church members are only nom- that in every instance where they had inally Christian. There are within asked a gangster if he "wanted to go the South more than 3,500,000 Ne- straight" the answer had been." Yes." groes ove;r ten years of age that a~e The pmblem was easily solved, he not affiliated with any church. ThIS amdodveed~enwthgenot he and others in the number is but a little short of the the man a job and en- entire Negro population of the South rolled him as a field member of the at the close of the Civil War. The movement, with a mission to bring his Negro population in two Southern former confederates into line. He States is larger than the white popusaid that the slogan of the movement lation. The foreign problem is bewas "men se;rving men." The move- coming more acute. More· and more ment announces no religious connec- the tide of immigration is turning tions, and Christians wonder where southward. The ends of the earth are without Christ it expects to find a eoming together in our coastal cities. sufficient motive either for reforma- The unevangelized Mexican in New tion or for service. Mexico and Southern Texas is a grow- Church Membership in U. S. A. ing social, political and religious men- ace. It does not require a prophet to ACCORDING t,o the annual statis- forecast the social conditions in the tics just made public by Dr. H. South, growing out of the increasing K. Carroll the growth in membership numbers of foreigners mingling of the churches of the United States among us, within the next twenty-five during 1923 was not large. The fif- years. There are more than 5,000 teen kinds of Methodists now claim a homeless Southern Baptist churches, total membership of 8,622,836; the some 14,000 one-room church build- fourteen Baptist bodies· of 8,237,021; ings, and thousands of other church

homes badly in need of repair."- citizens and officials in many states. Home and Foreign Fields. Several states have passed stringent anti-lynching laws. In some of these The Canadian Baptist Jubilee laws the family of the victim is given the right. to sue the county in which THE fiftieth anniversary of the the crime occurs. The widow of a Canadian Baptist Mission among Negro lynched in South Carolina obthe Telugus in India was celebrated in tained a verdict of $2,000 under such April and a thank-offering fund of a law. Officers of the law are becom- $50,000 is appealed for to st,rengthen ing more active in preventing lynchthe work. On March 12, 1874, Mr. ings as public opinion demands it. and Mrs. McLauren landed at Co- Much credit should be given to the canada and found a few Christians, educational campaigns carried on by three native wo.rkers and one small the Federal Council of Chu.rches, the schooL There are now eighty mis- Commission on Inter-Racial Cooperasionaries on the staff, 1,000 Indian tion, the Women's Council of the workers, a Union Theological Semi- Methodist. Episcopal Church, South, nary, two high schools, with 1,300 and other groups of Southern church students; two training schools, six women and other organizations." hospitals, numerous dispensaries, nine boarding schools and orphanages, four Negro Churches in Ne…. York hundred village schools, a Telugu Christian newspaper and seventeen NEGRO members of the Methodist thousand baptized Christ,jans. Episcopal Church in New York City are about to occupy two large The Canadian Baptists have also church edifices, one formerly the home been working in Bolivia for twenty- of a white congregation, and one to five years. be built in the center of the Negro dis- torict in Harlem. Calvary Church, Name "Ne…. Era" Dropped which, especially during the pastorate of Dr. Charles L. Goodell, was hardly A N executive session of the general large enough to hold its audiences, has council of the Presbyterian felt it wise to sell its building, seating Church in the U. S. A. has endorsed 1,800, to a Negro congregation, and the New Era Movement which that will move two 0;[' three miles north. denomination has been conducting for St. Mark's Church, which has one of several years past, but changed its the largest Negro congregations in the name t·o the Committee on Program denomination, is planning a new ediand Field Activities. Dr. William fice to cost over $200,000.-Christian Hiram Foulkes remains as the general Century. secretary, and the committee is recognized as a regular part of the work of An Oriental Survey the church. T HE Institute of Social and Reli- Public Opinion and Lynching gious Research is undertaking a survey of the Oriental question on the THE decreased number of lynchings Pacific Coast. In order to determine in the United States in 1923 was the most impo.rtant questions upon reported in the April REVIEW. The which the survey ought to throw light, g.radual improvement in conditions is the opinions of nearly 200 Coast leadattributed by The Congregationalist ers in various walks of life have been to "increasing publicity, to the arous- gathered as to what they consider the ing of Christian sentiment against Oriental issues to be, their own exlynching, and to such practical facts perience with Orientals, and tilleir as the great migration of Negroes proposals for meeting the difficulties. from the South, and the threat of the Among the distinctive and encourag- Dyer Ant,i-Lynching Bill. Though the ing features of the survey thus far are Dyer Bill did not pass, it aroused public attention and led to action by

l!l!!-! I NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

the earnestness with which the busi- W. C. T. U.; and Dr. Howard H. est men and women have taken hold Russell, Westerville, founder and asof it and the development of a spirit. sociate general superintendent of the of open-mindedness and willingness Anti-Saloon League of America-Roy to abide by the facts whatever they A. Haynes, federal prohibition commay disclose. The Executive Com- missioner, and a number of both fedmittee is composed of leading business eral and state officials, as well as men, judges, professors, editors, cler- prominent business men. The nationgymen, irrespective of their previous al organization which is fighting proattit.udes, and an earnest effort has hibition held a conference in Washbeen made to secure the cooperation ington a few days later, the object of of those who have been bitter an- which was announced as being to tagonists. Such a combination and "face the facts." Its promoters, if spirit ought to bring results which honest, had a good many facta to face. will be far-reaching.

Grenfell Hospital Destroyed LATIN AMERICA Progress in Santo DOD1ingo W ORD has come that the Emily E VER ~ince there was o.rganized in Beaver Chamberlin Memorial 1921, at the instigation of the Hospital at North West. River, Lab- Committee on Cooperation in Latin rador, has been destroyed by fire. This America, the Board for Christian is the Grenfell winter hospital in con- Work in Santo Domingo, made up of nection with the station which in sum- representatives of the men's and mer is located at Indian Harbor. women's home mission boards of the Many evidences of friendliness on the M. E. Church, the Preshyt€rian part of the natives have shown how Church in the U. S. A., and, a little much the work of this hospi6al was later, the United Brethren, the REVIEW appreciated. All the patients were has reported from time to time the progress of this union enterprise. The saved with the exception of one-a significance of a united Protestant, cripple. Dr. Paddon and his family approach to a Roman Catholic counwere in New England at the time of try like Santo Domingo has been the fire but they, with the strident emphasized, and the response of the physician, the nurse and ot,her help- people, both to the hospital and dis- pensary under the direction of Ho.race ers, lost all their possessions. It is R. Taylor, M.D., and to the preaching hoped that this hospital may be rebuilt at a later date.

Anti-Saloon Leagne Bally and Sunday-school services at four principal centers, has been point€d THE Anti-Saloon League of Amer- out. The latest news is that a depu- ica held its twenty-first annual tation, consisting of Bishop F. J. Mc- convent.ion in Washington, D. C., Connell of the M. E. Church, Miss January 12 to 17,1924, the date hav- Edna R. Toss of the Presbyterian ing been chosen to "emphasize the Church U. S. A., Rev. Scott W. Her- fourth anniversary of the going into shey of the United Bret.hren, Dr.

effect of the Eighteenth Amendment." Samuel G. Inman, secretary of the Among the speakers who were an- Committee on Cooperation in Latin nounced to take part in the various America, and Prof. W. Carson Ryan sessions were Dr. Robert E. Speer, of Swarthmore College, a specialist in Bishop Thomas Nicholson, t.hree of education, recently visited the island the joint presidents of the World and on March 3d ;reported to a repre- Ijeague Against Alcoholism-Dr. Rob- sentative group of missionary admin- ert Hercod, Lausanne, Switzedand, istrators in New York Cit~. Their dire"tor of the International Temper- findings and conclusions were wholly anee Bureau; Miss Anna A. Gordon, favorable to this joint missionary en- president of the national and world's terprise. The people are eager for 5

the new message. Auditoriums now me on my trips. I also advertise in in use are inadequate because of the the newspapers, designating the occa- throngs crowding to religious serv- sion as a big conference, and using· a ices. Each year the membership of t.itle that will attract attention. In the new Christian churches has in- this way we have been able to get our c;reased more than one hundred per gospel message to thousands, whereas cent. Young men of marked ability we would not have a handful at a.

are offering themselves for the Chris- regular mission. I take with me t,ian ministry, and already six of them teams of native Spanish workers, who are reported as preparing for the have been of invaluable assistance in ministry in schools in Porto Rico. winning the confidence of the people and overcoming the prejudice against Mexicans Build Churches American Protestant missionaries."

B ISHOP Wilbur P. Thirkield, resi- dent Bishop of the M. E. Church Intolerance in Brazil in Mexico, reports the completion of T HE need of the purifying effect of a beautiful church building in Puebla, Protestantism on Brazil is indito replace one destJ:oyed by fire a year cated by the following facts supplied ago, the cost of which has been borne by C. V. Clark, a missionary of the almost entirely by the Mexicans them- M. E. Church, South, in that country. selves. In Mexico City also a new He says: "The President of the Rechurch has just been erected, the fifth public is a very strong Catholic and, unit of the Aztecas social center. He in spite of the fact that the Consti- tution says there shall be complete says: Nearly 700 people crowded the edifice at separation of Church and State, he the formal opening. What a contrast! Three says that the representatives of the years ago an msignificant mission m a shack Vatican shall be treated as royal surrounded by old Spanish walls; then the princes when they visit, Brazil. At projection of plans for the first mission social center in Mexico, to bring health and the memorial services for President hope and cleansing, physical and spiritual, Harding he refused to let the Scripto the homes and lives of the people. On tures be read or a prayer be made in faith the wGrk began and has gone on. Only Port.uguese. Congress has broken the $8,000 from the Board has been available for this building and yet today, almost free Constitution by granting an approof debt, stands this gruup of imposing priation to the Catholics to build an buildings crowned by a church of splendid image of Christ on one of the high Gothic design. peaks overlooking Rio de Janeiro. The New Methods in Colombia legislat,ure of this state has given DESCRIBING an extensive evan- them money to build a cathedral in gelistic campaign in Scmth Amer- the city of Sao Paulo."

ica, Rev. Harry L. Strachan said at Founder's Week Conference at Moody EUROPE Bible Institut<e: "Missionaries are Rotary Clubs and Missions W looked upon as part of what is called ORKERS in the London Mis- sionary Society, who are also 'the American Army of Occupation' in the Latin-American republics. Es- membe;rs of Rotary Clubs in Great pecially in Colombia the prejudice Britain, frequently secure an oppor- against Protestant missionaries makc8 tunity for an address on the country it next to impossible to get 'an audi- he represents—or the social and com- ence in any of the regular mission mercial aspects of the work he is do- meeting places or church halls. The ing-from a visiting missionary. There people will not come, so in this new are also laymen connectoed with the aggressive evangelization campaign we Society who have a first-hand knowl- have adopted circus methods. I hire edge of the mission field and who are _ a theatre-the biggest one in town, or ready to help as Rotarians. The use a monster tent which I carry with series of L. M. S. missionary Iunch-

NEWS FROM MANY

eons so successfully arranged by Rev. tional life. In the first year there S. J. Cowdy in the City of London were 24 and in the second year 42 provides an illustration of another st,udents. Some ·of the students were useful avenue of missionary propa- university undergraduates, others ganda which is at once social and clerks or elementary school teachers, educational. more than half were industrial work- ers, with a more or less advanced Church at Chateau Thierry education beforehand. This year 45 DURING the battle between the students were expected for a special American and German armies course from April 10 to July 28, 1924.

for the possession of Chateau Thierry, t,he old French church was destroyed. In Italian. Prisons R When after the armistice a general EV. ENRICO PONS, representa- tive for Italy of the British and plan of aid in rebuilding destroyed churches in the devastated regions Foreign Bible Society, has been hav- was developed by the Federal Coun- ing some unusual experiences in visit..

cil, the entire responsibility for pro- ing Italian prisons. He says; "At viding a new church and parsonage Leece I found about 300 prisoners, all for this parish was undertaken by the men, many of whom labor as carpen- Reformed Church in the United ters, marble-workers, and shoemakers.

States. 'The tot,al amount required One part of their earnings goes to the was $50,000, and the last payment of State and the remainder they keep.

$15,000 has now been made. The par- One of these men told me that, bit by sonage has already been completed bit, he had patiently gathered 8,DOO and the church will soon be ready for lire (nearly £100) against the day of services, The site of the new church his liberation. At Taranto, the great is on the main square of the city naval port, I found 350 prisoners, close to the City Hall. At Chateau and among them about 30 women, of Thierry there is a fine cooperat,ion all ages, and guilty of various crimes.

between the Reformed Church of At Potenza I found 250 prisoners and France and the Methodist Episcopal about 30 women, almost all of the Church, the former caring for the agricultural class. In these two pris- distinctive church work, while the lat- ons they do not work, because there ter, at the Methodist Memorial, main- are no buildings available. They read tains an admirably organized civic ve.ry little-for one reason, because and social center: they have no books. In none of the libraries is a Bible to be found, not NcllV College in Denntark even a Roman Catholic version. Some THE International College at Hel- of the prison officials possess our ver- singor, Denmark, was founded two sions of the New Testament and value years ago, with the object of bringing together for study and personal in- them. The officials opened to me all tercourse young men and women from the cells and apartments, and so I the principal countries of the world. could enbBr everywhere, bearing a The college follows the traditions of word of sympathy and comfort and the Danish folk high schools, of which hope. In each prison I gave a lecture there are some seventy in Denmark. to from 200 to 300 hearers, men and These broad-minded Christian schools women. All listened attentively and are unique examples of adult. educa- with interest, and received my words with applause."

tion and have a long experience and a widespread influence. Like them Buddhism in Germany G the International College is personal ERHART HAUPTMANN, a writer of international reputain method and ethical in aim-trying to apply the principles of Christian- tion, says that he sees in Germany ity to individual, social and interna- today' 'a great nationalreaetion from

the merely physical to the religious." driving large numbers into atheism. This reveals itself, however, in a tre- Protestant.ism has never gained a mendous increase of the prestige of foothold. Rome, and in a hungry turning toward Brahminism and Buddhism. Communist Idea of Love Karl Eugen Neumann has translated the collective wisdom of Gaut,ama A N Associated Press dispatch states Buddha, and Hauptmann asserts, "To that absolute free love is not the my mind the time will come when this idea of communists but mating only book will be considered of infinitely in the interests of the communit.y, more far-reaching consequences than according to Mme. Kollantay, Russian Martin Luther's Bible. Once the Soviet Minister to Norway, who has statue of the heathen god Svantewitt published a series of articles in the reared itself in t,he midst of Germany. German periodical, The New Genera- Now this has been replaced by the tion, explaining how the bou.rgeois gigantic picture of Buddha." The conception uf marriage does not harfirst Buddhist monastery is to be es- monize with communism. Mme. Koltablished not far from Hamburg in lantay says a new feeling in regard to the Lunenburg moor. Meanwhile this subject has sprung up alongside Paul Duessen has translated the Ve- t,he Communist conception of economdas from the Sanscrit, and as Bud- ics and that the old ideals of marriage dhism grew from Brahminism, Haupt- and morals must disappear with the mann predicts a glorious sweep for idea of private property. She urges the t,wo in Germany. that the basis of "the new mOJ'als" must be purely hygienic, and that the Protestant Work for Serbia chief end of the proletarian compan- ionship must be to eliminatoe all ego- T HE Serbian Mission, which has istic and individual instincts in favor recently been organized, with busi- of developing the community upon ness headqua.rters in Chicago and field cooperative lines. headquarters in Belgrade, is an interdenominational body with John W. AFRICA Troy as its Superintendent. He was born in Serbia, but is now an Amer- Isla.D1 in Egypt's Politics ican citizen and a graduate of Moody Bible Institute. The Serbian Govern- K ING FUAD of Egypt has sent ment, t,hrough the Minister of Social Seifullah Yousri Pasha as his Politics, has endmsed the prospective minister to "Vashington, accompanied work of The Serbian Mission and has by a staff of five. The new minister assured the cooperation of his depart- has had a great deal of experience in ment. The Government is particu- political affairs, having lived for many larly anxious to have the Mission pro- years in France and England. The vide orphanages for boys who will first secretary, Hassanein Bey, has enter at from three to six years of age. been for manv veal'S att.ached to the It is said that there are 155 orphan- government s~~ic('. in Cairo and is ages in Serbia, which care for about, well known in Egyptian and Euro- 8,900 children, and about 166,800 pean scientific fields as a'n explorer of orphans without home or care, whom note. A curious feature of all the the Government will gladly entrust to legations and other important diploany agency upon any terms. There matic missions of the new Egypt is are also 200,000 Russian refugees in the sending of a "chaplain" with the country who need help. The cacho Technically the duties of this population of Serbia consists of member are simply to lead the other Roman Catholics, Greek Catholics and members at their Friday prayers, for Mohammedans. The breakdown in Egypt is a Mohammedan state and general morale, following the war, is the diplomats must abide by the offi- cial rule that demands attendance at Friday prayers. Practirally, how-

1924J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ever, it is thought t,hat the" ehaplain" some one hundred different tribes, and (01' "imam") 18 the diplomatie rep- speaking almost as many different resentative of the .A.zhar University, languages and dialects. There are the conservative religious element who three Protestant societies working in insist on keeping their hands on the this Eastern Sudan. The Church Misaffairs of state to the most minute sionary Society has 11 stat,ions and detail. It is said that eveu the Egyp- sub-stations under the direCltion of tian consulate in New York is to have 28 missiGnaries. The Sudan United an "imam." The legations are ap- Mission has 4 stations with 12 mispointed by the King and are not af- sionaries. The American Mission fected by changes in the ministry. (United P,resbyterian) has 3 main As long as t,he constitution says the stations and 36 missionaries. Nasser King must be a Moslem, the Azhar and Doleib Hill are their two stations University will exert a powerful in- in the S011thern Sudan. From Kharfluence on all Egypt's relationships. t,um station in the Northern Sudan, they administer work in all the larger A War Fugitive's Work cities where Arabic is the language. In 1923 a boys' and a girls' school AN instance of the way in whieh were opened in Port Sudan by the good has come out of the evil of American Mission. This is the Sudan's war-time perils and hardships is given seaport, connected by rail with Kharby the Rev. E. W. Doulton, a mission- tum, and promises to be an important ary of the Church Missionary Society shipping center in independent in Tanganyika Territory. He writes: Egypt. A missionary writes: " At, the "At, one of our out-stations, Nyand- present time the.re seems to be a new wa, there is a promising little work opening to the Mohammedan people. " going on, the commencement of which is of interest. One of our teachers, Congo Medical Steamer to escape capture at the hands of the Germans, fled to this place, and when LATE in November the mission of in hiding, taught some of the people the Disciples launched the fiftyto read t.he New Testament, and was seven-foot stern-wheel steamship Illithe means of bringing to Christ two nois, which is to do medical work on Wagogo, who were baptized by me the waters of the Congo. The launchabout four years ago. These two men ing was marked by simple religious have since won several fo.r Christ, services, conducted largely by native five of whom have been baptized since pastors. Another similar vessel, the my return, and they now carry on a Missouri, is also being laid down school and have built a small church, which, when completed, will travel and are doing all they can to influ- through the hundreds of miles of en~e their fellow men. They are not small waterways of the Lotumbe field. paid agents, but are doing the work quite voluntarily. The father of one One African's Achievelllent of these men is very ,rich in cattle and is furious at his son's convcrsion. He T HE story is told by "Dan Crawhas said that he will disinherit him." ford" of Kamba, a full-blooded African of the Ndau tribe, who has Facts about the Sudan progressed from absolute illiteracy to a Columbia University degree. The THE population of the Eastern first printing that he ever saw was on Sudan (Anglo-Egyptian) has just a pack of playing cards that came about. doubled since the winning of from the coast, and by studying these the Battle of Omdurman by Lord he taught himself the figures from Kitehener. It is made up, chiefly, of one to ten. Later he went south to two groups: the Arabs in the north work, and an American missionary and the Negroids in the south. The t,here who taught native boys in spite latter are more purely African, of of the opposition of the Portuguese,

whose policy is to keep the people ig- A Belated Confes"ion norant, took him into his home as a house boy. There the idea of that ALAY evangelist.ic worker, named cultivated missiona;ry, and especially "Brother Shlemoon, " in the his wife, going to live in that fever- American Presbyterian Mission at stricken area for the sake of the black Hamadan, Persia, has been especially hoys, gave him a new vision. He successful in p;reaching to Moslems. knew they must have some secret that Recently in the large village of Bamade them different from all other har, an o1d man invited him home, white people he han ever seen. When and when there told him he was 100 the Anlel'ican missionary left for years old, and had for many years home, he told his boys of a mission in been a follower of Jesus, although Rhodesia, ann Kamba walked 250 none of the family knew it, as he was miles to reach there. His capacity nearing death and did not want to and ambition fOJ" more education led stir up trouble. He was well-to-do, his missionary to secure work for the with many fields and vineyards, and boy by which he earned enough to still able to attend to business. He go to Hampton Institute, Virginia. could read, and had a New Testa- Earning his living all the time, he ment.. Shlemoon asked him what he took a course in carpentry and then was to say when God asked him why went to Columbia, where he secured he had not won any in the family T the coveted B.S. in education. His Noting that he seemed especially fond whole ideal in seeking this education of one of his grandchildren, he begged has been to go back and develop his him to teach him who Christ was and own people, but not necessarily on train him to follow Him and so keep Western lines. the light. burning when the old man was gone. He replied that he believed NEAR EAST that was just what God had sent him there for, and when they parted asked Turks Close Stamboul Y. M. C. A. him to come again soon. He went again the week following, and was AN Associated P;ress dispatch from made very welcome and to his great Constantinople, dated March joy, the old man made a public con- 21st, stated that the Angora Ministry fession of his faith before the whole of the Interior had that day ordered family, and read to t.hem from John closed the Stamboul branch of the 14. When through one of the daugh- Y. M. C. A. and the entrances sealed. ters-in-Iaw said, "And here you have Admittance to the offices was refused been getting ready for those mansions American secretaries of the associa- and never told us anything about it. " tion. The High Commission of the His older son also reproached him United States has promised to inves- and said, "Why have you not shared tigate the action flS being one of sup- these blessings, and this light with pression and contrary to Foreign UR 1" Not one of them reproached Minister Ismet Pasha's declarations him for being a Christian. at Lausanne. A Constantinople dispatch received last October said that Mesopotamian Treaty the Angora Government. was considering the status of the Y. M. C. A. >in T HE t.reaty recently concluded be- Turkey, in the light of reports made tween Great B;ritain and 'Iraq by special investigators. The dispatch (Mesopotamia) contains the followadded that agitation against the or- ing provisions which are of signifiganization had been carried on fo;r a cance to missionary work: "This time in certain radical Turkish Organic Law shall ensure to all compapers.-N. Y. Times. plete freedom of conscience and the free exercise of all forms of worship, The "Y" has since been opened subject only to the maintenance of a'gain, according to the State Depart- public order and mo;rals. It shall ment at Washington.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

provide that no discrimination of any hiya Khan, after going from one kind shall be made bet,ween the in- famous mosque to another seeking habitants of 'Iraq on the gronnd of spiritual satisfaction, learned the race, religion or language, and shall truth from the C. M. S. missionary at secure that the right of each com- Peshawar, who gave him a New Tesmunity to maintain its own schools tament. Back in his mountain village, for the education of its own members some forty miles north of Kabul, this in its own language while conforming man had studied God's Word, and as to such educational requirements of a a result his father, his wife, and his general nature as the Government, of children had come to believe in Christ. 'Iraq may impose, shall not be denied His desire at this 6ime was to arrange or impaired…… No measure shall be to have his family go to Peshawar taken in 'Iraq to obstruct or interfere and be baptized. "It would take with missionary enterprise or dis- some little time," says the writer, criminate against any missionary on "for the application (to be permitted the ground of his religous belief or to pass all the posts on t.he line) to be' nationality, provided that such enter- granted, and so I told him to come, prise is not prejudicial to public order pending the official sanction of the and good government.. " request, to my qua,rters daily, so that we might read the Scriptures, together. Afghanistan Opening Up He did so and I found him to be a most. deeply instructed Christian, 'a DR. H. A. LlCHTWARDT, med- man of God thoroughly furnished,' ical missionary of the Presby- and evidently a most spirituallyterian Board in Meshed, Persia, minded man. Yet he had been living writes: "Afghanistan is opening up for sixteen years entirely cut off from and several 'foreigners' have entered all that we usually te.rm the 'ordithis formerly closed territory. The nances of religion,' his spiritual life Afghan ConSUl at Meshed holds out entirely sustained by the Word, and very favorable hopes for our mission in any case that would be his consoforce securing permission to enter, lation and light to the end." and as soon as a second doctor is available on the :field, an effort will be made INDIA to secure passports. Many of our operative cases come from Afghan- Gandhi's Advice to Christians istan, and they invariably ask, 'When are you coming to Herat to open up WHEN Gandhi was asked some a hospital ~ We have many sick peo- time ago what advice he would ple who are unable to take this long, give on making Christianity :fit in expensive trip to Meshed.' Previously with India's needs, so as to make it we would answer, 'As soon as your appear less a foreign religion, his country is opened up to foreigners.' reply, according to the Dnyanodaya, Now the doors are swinging open, and was: "Preach your religion without with a sufficient staff we can enter." diluting it, and never tone it down."

ASThe Bible in Afghanistan Where God's Love Is News fln encouraging proof that wher- eVe!' in Afghanistan the written MISS SAROJIVI MITTRA, an Word has obt.ained an entrance it has Indian Christian worker with brought light in the darkness, Major- the London Missionary Societ,y, writes General Sir George K. Scott-Moncrieff in the Chronicle,: "Our country is tells in the Record of the British and waking and advancing, wanting and Foreign Bible Society the story of a striving to choose a place for itself. man whom he knew in 1880, when he I think it is our work to awaken India himself was a junior officer in Kabul. by blending the gracious sound of the Sixteen years before, this man, Ya- Father's love with that sound of na- tional awakening." She goes on to show from her own experience how

the story of God's love is received by their respective districts, and should t,hose who hear it for the first time: leave no stone unturned to try to win She and some of her students, when over the new Christian converts to lost one day on their way to a certain I&lam; and for the future should so village, were guided by an old man organize themselves as to leave no to an open space, where there were loophole for the Christian missiontwo tiny thatched cottages and about ary." a dozen men and eight or ten women. "In simple Bengali," she says, "I Christians in Tibet tried to tell t,helll the story of the Prodigal Son and of God's wonderful F ROM the Indian as well as from love. We were amazed to see how the Chinese border, attempts to eagerly they listened, and some of enter Tibet are being made, and the them had tears streaming down their Nat,ional Missionary Society of India faces. The old man who had led us has recently been giving the subject there said, 'Ma, we have never before special consideration. To its organ, heard what you have been saying. We The NatiQna.l Mis'sionary InteLLidid not think God was our father; we are cOlllmon, low and poor, and people gencer, 'r. Nasib Ali writes: "The despise us. That God loves us is something quite new to us.' " best method of opening the way to Tibet is to send a man who is fluent Why Moslems Are Anxious in the Tibetan language and one who would start work as a trader, because T HE progress of Christianity in the lor nothing else does the Government Punjab is making some of the give permission to enter Tibet." He thoughtful Moslems in that section of continues: "Though Tibet is in a India anxious. One of them writes way closed to us, there are Christians in a Mohammedan magazine, Review there, and the country is not without of Religions: "The Christians, it will Christian witnesses; the Lord is be noted, now form a considerable working there in a marvelous way. I portion of the population of the Pun- am an eye-witness to it., have visited jab. Though evident.ly more. than 80 Lhasa, and every year tour in that per cent of their number come from country in connection with my busithe so-called low castes, i. e., Chuhras. ness. I will never forget how once in Chamars, etc., yet the abnormal rise the streets of Lhasa I came across a in their numbers in comparatively re- shop of a Buddhist merchant whose cent years should not be despised on wife sang Christian hymns to me to that account. It is, on the other hand, my great joy and wonder (she had admirable and speaks volumes in learned them in Kalimpong, near praise of the missionary activities of Darjeeling) . Again once I had an the Christian community. We have interview wit·h the Prime Minister of to face the stubborn fact that the Tibet who said to me, 'What beauti- Chnistians now number more than ful love is to be found in your Chris- 300,000 in our province according to tian religion.' Also once in the cit~ the census tables. This calls for the of Shigacha where dwells the Tashi serious and immediate attention of Lama, in a shop I saw hung on the the Moslems, particularly of the Ah- walls several pictures of Christ." madiyya community. Unless prompt and efficient measures are taken Chris- CHINA tianity will establish itself firmly in the land, and another community will A Chinese Studeut Program thereby be added to the number of our antagonists in the soil.. …. It is THE annual meeting of the Chinese high time that. Moslems should start a St.udents' Federation, as reported regular campaign against the activi- in the North China Herald, discussed ties of the Christian missionaries in many complex topics. The Peking branch alone placed on the program subjects sufficient to occupy attention for days on end, as follows:

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

(1) Opposition to any form of military The regular meetings twice weekly government or government formed by the have been well maintained. One offimilitia; (2) the formation of a national cer, a very ea.rnest lieutenant, pressed for baptism when civilian inquirers citizens' convention; (3) the framing of a permanent constitution by the national citi- zens' convention; (4) the formation of a were being baptized on July 8th, and real people's government; (5) the abolition was accepted. Then followed a rush of the tuchunate and the reduction of of applications from the commandant, troops; (6) the "independence'" of educa- several officers, pet,ty officers and men. tional and political finances; (7) the gold franc problem; (8) the return of Port Evening elasses were held for these Arthur, Dairen and Kuangchouwan; (9) for several days, and on July 30th cancellation of the twenty-one Demands, thirty-seven were baptized. It was failing which the latter will be placed before a happy, busy day. Their testimonies the League of Nations for judgment.

were good, their knowledge of gospel "Shanghai for Ohrist" truth averaging higher than that of T HE February number of The Chi- those we have received into the nese Recorder gives an account of Church during recent years. A forta series of evangelistic meetings, held night later our big city fair was held by the Shanghai Christian Council, a for three days. On their off day fif- Chinese, not missionary, organization, teen to twenty of those baptized asfrom November 6t,h to 8th, the Shang- sisted splendidly on the streets by preaching, giving testimony, and hai Autumn Derby days. The slogan bookselling. It was encouraging to for prayer, for ar.rangements, for Christ, " not' "Shanghai for the see them fearlessly at work."

Races. " Chinese Christians initiated and carried on the work. The move- Books for Bandits .

W ment was divided into four periods: HEN bandits in China held up a t.rain last summer and carried for prayer, for arrangements, for evangelism and for conservation. Dur- many travelers up into the mountains, ing the first period pastors, evangel- Miss Mary E. Wood, of Boone Li- ists, Bible women, school teachers and brary, a part of the American Epis- Sunday-school teachers conducted copal Mission in Wuchang, promptly prayer-meetings. A Sunday was set dispatched a box of books to the lead- aside when the responsibility of every er of the bandits, writing him that Christian was preached from every she knew he must be very lonely so pulpit in the city. A letter calling for far up in the mountains and she hoped united prayer and individual conse- he might find time toO read the books cration was sent to every Christian. sent to him. The books she sent in- The period for ar.rangements was un- cluded Bryce's "Training for Citi- der the care of ten commit.tees such zenship, " a life of Washington, a life as Intercession, Publicity, Finance, of Gladstone, "Silas Marner," "First Meeting Place, Music, etc. Aid to the Injured," and "Sir GaJa- had."

Baptisms among Soldiers SEVENTY-SIX officers and men A Destructive Typhoon have been baptized in the past year by H. Lyons, the C. I. M. worker REV. W. RICHARDSON. of the at Luanfu, Shansi Province, who China Inland Mission at 'Hwangwrites in China's Millions: "The yen, Chekiang Province, writes of a bright side of our work has been that severe typhoon, accompanied by a among the soldiers. There has been tidal wave, which swept away people a steady sale of Bibles, New Testa- and homes by hundreds, so that there ments, hymn books, Scripture post-ers, was not. left a bit of evidence as to and later also of Bible study helps, what had become of them. "They among both offieers and men, not a were simply overwhelmed in the night few of whom are fairly well educated. and borne away. Not a single house in Hwangyen city escaped damage.

The city church was compietely lev- eighteen of the former members of eled to the ground, only the pulpit the church and congregation present. and part of the piers of the founda- Rev. Roy H. Fisher presided, stating tion remained. The school has been that the purpose of the meeting was unroofed and the east gable has fallen to elect new officers, to take up matin. Not a single place of worship in ters concerning the church property, the t,wenty-odd outstations has es- and to decide on plans for future caped damage. At present in the city work. 'l'he trustees were asked to take we are without any proper place of steps toward having the church propworship, and we have to conduct the erty at No. 49, Bluff, re-registered, regular services on Sunday as well as and the proper transfer made to the during the week in the school, which new property – holding committee. is undergoing repair." A recent con- Plans for the beginning of services vert at Odongkong, a widow over were left in the hands of a special sixty years of age, whose life was committee, which decided that from saved in a remarkable way during the the first Sunday in March, services typhoon, is now so grateful to God should be held on Sunday afternoons t,bat she is determined to try to study in the Y. M. C. A. club rooms, on the the Bible and says she is going to tell second floor of the building, which is the people how the God and Saviour of concrete and has been repaired. of the Bible anwered a poor lonely widow's prayer. Fight Licensed Vice in Korea Bible in Chinese Schools CHRISTIANS of various denomina- tions and races are working to- PETER SHIH,. a Chinese member gether against the social evil in of the Department of Education in Korea. At the last meeting of the Soochow University, writes to the Federal Council committees were ap- Board of Foreign Missions of the pointed, in response to an appeal M. E. Church, South: from the Australian Presbytoerian Mission, to move in the matter of es- "I want to call your attention to the sig- tablishing a Rescue Home for prostinificance of these Bible classes at the gov- tutes and to work generally against ernment institution of teacher training. the evil of licensed houses of ill fame. Years ago we were not allowed to go in These committees have been actively there to conduct any sort of meeting. A at work. The Salvation Army has few years ago, they let us go in, but not to signified its willingness (under certalk on religion of Christ. His name was tain condit,ions and subject to apnot supposed to be mentioned. There was proval from home) to be responsible not even one Christian in that school. But for the running of such a home, cothis year, for the first time, they open wide operating missions to provide a buildtheir gates and welcome us into their midst ing and yen 15 per month per inmate. to conduct voluntary Bible classes for their It is estimated that yen 5,000 will be students in their own classrooms. Christian sufficient to build the whole, or at songs are being sung in their auditorium, least so much of the building as shall where only last year only the worship of be necessary, for the initiation of such Confucius was tolerated. There are a few a work. The site can probably be Christians among them now. Only two made available by the Salvation weeks ago, I heard that one of the students Army. The Southern Methodist Miswanted to join our church at Konghong. I sion has voted yen 1,000 toward the am takiug 'Jesus the Master Teacher' as my building and a sum of money has also textoook. All the boys in my class, number_ been contributed for this general puring about fifteen, seem to enjoy the Bible pose by the Australian Mission. Other immensely_ The Lord is great. His name cooperating missions are being asked be praised." to rontribute the balance. The gen- eral problem of the abolition of li- JAPAN-CHOSEN censed vice and the establishment of Yokohama Union Church T HE first meeting of the Yokohama Union Church since the September earthquake was held in the Y. M. C. A., Yokohama, February 19th, with

1924J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

a better state of social morality in this that is the business of the Governcountry, is being earnestly consid- ment-General, as they must make it ered. The .Japanese committee repre- clear to the Educational Department sents all the Christian churches in in Japan that. a school they 'desig- Seoul. It. plans to promote public nate' as equal to the government sentiment among the Japanese and schools, must be recognized there also already the authorities are being ap- as entitled to the same treatment acproached with a view to stimulating corded to the government schools. them against this evil. The Korean That will come in time. The alumni committee is a strong and representa- are naturally greatoly delighted. We tive one. With its members bot,h men had a 'congratulatory meeting' yesand women are cooperating, while terday afternoon, at which some churches and various societies are twenty of them were present, and they showing their interest in a way that started a fund to help in meeting the augurs well for the future.-Korea Government's requirements about Mission Field. apparat.us. "

School Officially Recognized Tokyo Puhlic Schools T HE John D. Wells School for THE primary schools in Tokyo are Training Christian Workers, car- now open to Christian teaching ried on by American Presbyterians at once a week. This remarkable state of Seoul, Chosen, has been designated affairs, so full of significance for the by the Chosen· Government as a pri- future of Japan, was brought about vate school whose graduates equal in by Japanese initiative. The Mayor of scholarly attainment those of a middle Tokyo recently called into consultaschool or of a higher common school. tion the Rev. S. Imamura, General "This means," writes Rev. E. Wade Secretary of the National Sunday Koons, the Principal, "that our grad- School ~~ssociation of Japan, and uates have the same right to take en- asked him to suggest the best method trance examinations, and if t.hey for the spiritual and moral education succeed in them, to enter as regular of the young citizens of Tokyo. Mr. students, the various special schools, Imamura accordingly presented a (Senmon Gakko) in Chosen, whether plan of sending speakers to the difprivate like Severance and the Chosen ferent schools once a week and agreed Christian College, or government, like to secure the speakers. This the Mayor the' Colleges' of Law, Medicine, Busi- at once accepted, and a program for ness, and Engineering, that the grad- the next few months was made out. uates of a conforming school like This is a wonderful door of oppor- Paichai, or of a Government Higher tunity as well as a great responsibility Common School for Koreans, or of a for the Sunday-school workers in Government Middle School for Japa- Japan. After March, the National nese, have. And today I asked a rep- Sunday School Association was to be resentative of the Educational De- solely responsible for the speakers partment if this extended also to and the money to provide the same. entering the Preparatory Department Mr. Imamura reports that $2,500 may of tlie Government University here, he needed per year to carryon this and was told that. it did. All that work and that a group of lay Chrisremains is to have this privilege ex- tians are already organizing to get tended to us in Japan proper, and behind the proposition.

MIlSSJ[ONARY

Race Problems in the New Africa. W. C. said: "I must be about my Father's business. ' , Willoughby. 294 pp. 158. Oxford Uni- But, "big business" though the versity Press. London. 1923. missionary enterprise undoubtedly is, Dr. Pat,ton carefully differentiates This is an admirable book, full of his purpose from any suggestion that accurate knowledge, good sense, sound the Church's worldwide emprise dejudgment and true spirit. It deals pends for justification on the ground with the race problem in the New that it promotes commerce. That is Africa with a sure hand. Dr. Wil- all very well in a Babs'on Report, but loughby was for many years a mis- it has no place in any church publisionary in Africa where he was principal of the London Missionary cation. This book is, instead, a clarion Society's Native Institution at Tiger call to the higher levels of a purely Kloof, South Africa, and is now Pro- altruistic loyalty to the Lord who fessor of Missions in Africa in the gave His life a ransom for the sins of Kennedy School of Missions at Hart- the whole world. And yet it is all ford_ We do not. know of any other book which.presents so adequately and intensely practical; it is "business." so wisely the facts about the life and It is a moving picture indeed which character and institutions and problems of the Bantu people and their passes in swift succession before the relation to the white races and to the reader of these pages sweeping the spread of their civilizat.ion in Africa. world in ~tatesmallllike perspective. The chapter on "The Color Bar" is Taking China as a cross-section of tlhe the best treatment which we have seen world, it focuses attention upon this of the tragic questions which are in- biggest segment of a world encircling separable from modern inter-race advance of Christ's army with banrelationships. The concluding chapter ners in such wise as to confirm hope sums up Dr. Willoughby's ripened of the ultimate victory "unto the utjudgments on the contact of mission- termost." For, while t,he population of China is shown to be over rather ary work among the Bantu Ileople than under four hundred millions, and the Christians among so many who make up the greatl body of the are as yet only one to a thousand, the rate of their increase-and this is population in Southern and Central Africa. s.

The Business of Missions. Cornelius H. admittedly the decisive factor-is Patton. 8vo. 288 pp. $2.00. The Mac- such as to give promise that. "one shall millan Company. 1924. chase a thousand" ere long and two Dr. Patton takes his title for this ~han win ten thousand.

book from the same conception as that For, is it not immensely heartening voiced by William Carey when he to find, that whereas Morrison single said, "My business is to serve the handed besieged the gates of Canton IJord, and I cobble shoes to pay ex- for seven years before he won his first penses." Carey also put into prac- convert in 1814, and 32 years passed tice t,his dominant idea in his mission before that number increased to 6, to India, where he for years supported when in 1842 the Treaty of Tientsin his missionary operations by raising was signed, by 1914 the number of indigo as a by-product. Both men Christians reached 235,303, and in learned their lesson from the Great 1920, 366,524, multiplying fourfold Teacher who, at the age of twelve in the last two decades. The penetra- 404 tion of this colossal field by some six discussion of missionary education as thousand missionaries with manifold such in the volume. activities is an inspiring story, which Dr. Patton has told in a masterly way This book ought to be read by everythat will richly reward the reading of one who is responsible for curriculum the business man and of all who building in the Sunday-school or any "mean business" for Christ. other agency of religious education and it would be a splendid thing if D. MeC. it could be read by all parents and Sunday-school teachers. J. B. K. The Teaching Work of the Church. By the Committee on the War and The Religious Neue Christoterpe 1924. Forty·fifth volume. Outlook. 309 pp. $2. Association Press. Edited fly Adolf Bartels and Julius New York. 1923. Koegel. Published by C. Ed. Mueller (Paul Seiler), Halle (Saale). Probably no other book in this field has done just the piece of work which This popular year book is widely has been admirably presented in this read in religious circles in Germany. brief but comprehensive volume. The It eontains essays, stories and poems book is a symposium, so skillfully de- of exceptional merit, written in the vised, and so carefully art,iculated spirit of evangelical faith and service. that one would scarcely realize the It is a piece of Christian literature different authorship of the several in the German language which exerchapters. Professor L. A. Weigle, Dr. ciHes a widespread influence for good. B. S. Winchester, Professor William In the 1924 edition t,he missionary Adams Brown, Rev. Samuel McCrea note is lacking and the treatment of Cavert, Rev. Erwin L. Shaver and the subject of war as related to our Dr. Robert L. Kelly are among the Christian faith is unsatisfactory exauthors, all of them men of wide ex- cept from a German point of view. perience and sound judgment in dealing with the educational task of the G. D. Church. The distinct,ive feature of their effort lies in the approach to the The Life of the Ancient East. James subject which is conceived in the Baikie. Illustrated. Bvo. 463 pp. $4. terms of youth's need and the The Macmillan Co. New York. 1924. Church's task rather than the agencies of religious education. This There is a fascination about the brings freshness and vitality to the study of life and beliefs of the ancient subject. which makes the book good peoples who laid foundations for modreading from cover to cover, to say ern thought and progress. As we nothing of the practical value that study the tabletfl, monuments and there is in the discussion approached temples which record the history of from this angle. thousands of years ago, we wonder at the learning and civilization of those There are allusions to missionary days and have a more humble estieducation as a part of the educational mate of modern achievements. We processes of the Church as the differ- learn, too, tohat the Bible is not a ent age groups of young people ·are book of folklore and fable, but is a dealt with, and an evident, underlying reliable record of history and a higher, conception of the missionary task of truer revelation of God than any of the Church as fundamental, not only the non-Jewish ancients possessed. to its work, but to its very existence. More migl:Jt have been made, however, Mr. Baikie has given us here a of missionary education as such in popular summary of the archteological dealing with some phases of the sub- finds relating to the religions, laws, ject. There is It very good critique customs and history of the peoples of of missionary educat,ion as commonly Egypt, Babyloni.a, Assyria, Troy, conducted on pages 155-159. It is Palestine, Greece and other lands of very brief, however, and is the only the Near East. Many familiar Bibli- cal names find a place in t,his volume -Israel, Isaiah, Belshazzar, Boaz, Cyrus, Daniel, Goliath, the Hivites, Hittites and other Palestinian tribes, previous to the World War largely Jonah, Joshua, Nebuchadnezzar, St. accounts for the 268,112 foreign-born Paul, Pekah, Titus and many cities. Magyars now in America. The census The volume throws much light on bulletin of a year ago places the the ancients and some on our modern number of Magyars born in this country of foreign parentage at 205,- inheritance. 426, so that the total Magyar popu- America and the World Liquor Problem. lation of America is 473,538. By Ernest H:urst Cherrington. 8vo. 182 "The Valley of Decision" came in pp. American Issue Press. Westerville, Ohio. connection with the World War. The In a clear, logical fashion, Dr. Magyars remained loyal to American Cherrington argues for world-prohibi- life and principles even though at times under suspicion. Conditions tion, pointing out the difficulty of arising out of the war also meant the maintaining the law in the United choosing of denominational allegiance States unless prohibition becomes to American groups. Previous to the world-wide. He gives a brief resume war a number of the churches had diof the prohibition movement, showing rect connection with the Reformed the importance of its economic phases, churches of Hungary. The results of which have only recently been ade- the decision have meant alignments as quately considered. He calls attention follows: 19 congregations, 6,500 comto the fact that America has a great municants, and 25,600 adherents to opportunity today to make the world the Reformed Church in the United dry, but insists that this country must States; 6 congregations and 1,141 act quickly, before the liquor inter- communicants to the Protestant Epis-. ests become too strongly entrenched copal Church. A few churches have through a world-wide organization, become independent congregations with possible Presbyterian connecand he shows how the liquor forces tions now or later. are rapidly strengthening their posi- Dr. Souders admirably reviews the tion for a tinal attack on the prohibitionists. Those interested in law problems of a foreign language enforcement, in statistics on various church in America so far as this phases of the liquor problem, and in group is concerned and analyzes the the general tendencies among both important elements of effective reli- gious training and church life. Ap. "wets" and "drvs" will find this pendices include a statement on book exceedingly u.seful, particularly "Americanization as the Foreigner Thinks of It," a list of Magyar pubif they are making speeches or writing papers on this timely subject. c. s.

The Magyars in America. Volnme Six in lications in the United States, and a the Raeial Studies of the New American. helpful bibliography.

By Rev. D. A. Souders, D.D., Superin· Facing the Crisis. By Sherwood Eddy. 8vo. tendent of Immigration of the Reformed 241 pp. SO cents, paper. The Associa- Church in the United States. 8vo. 150 tion Press. New York. 1922. pp. $1.00. Geo. R. Doran Co. New York. 1922. Present-day social and religious Coming from a long line of Re- problems are perplexing to the wisest formed Church ancestry and deeply and most experienced. Dr Eddy gives interested for many years in the re- us a thoughtful and devout, if not al- ligious welfare of aliens, the author ways conclusive, study of some of is particularly able to give to this these problems. He begins with God, racial group a very sympathetic study. Christ, evil, immortality, miracles, the He first makes a succinct general Bible, evolution, prayer, etc., and con- statement of Magyar history and por- cludes with studies of the race ques- trays the political, economic, social, tion, war, industrial unrest, the soeial and religious conditions of an Old gospel, etc. Dr. Eddy accepts the World backgrou!ld. Immigration main conclusions of modern science so far as they do not interfere with death, considers sin as the" failure to faith in the Deity of Christ and he hit the mark" of perfection and rec- endeavors to apply Jesus' teaching ommends Christ as a Helper and In- to the solution of modern problems spirer rather than as a Divine Sav- even where this upsets existing con- iour. The book has a certain prac- ditions. tical value for those who know where Are Foreign Missions Worth While ~ Edited to find their true knowledge and in- by Basil Mathews. Pamphlet. 6d. Lon- spiration.

don Missionary Satiety. 1922. The Idea of God. By Professor Clarence A.

Testimonies from those who are not Beckwith. 8vo. 343 pp. $2.50. The missionaries, but who know their work Macmillan Co. New York. 1923. from first hand knowledge, and who God is the greatest fact in the unibelieve in it, make up the contents of verse and yet how many have acthis interesting little pamphlet. cepted the idea in general but can Among those quoted are King George give no conclusive reason for the V, Lloyd George, Theodore Roosevelt . faith that is in them. Prof. Beckwith, and thirty others from Europe, of Chicago Theological Seminary America, China, Japan, India and (Congregational), here attempts- with good success-to present the elsewhere. reasonable, logical conception of God Islemen of Bride. By M. E. M. Don:iJ.dson. in harmony with modern discoveries 8vo. 165 pp. 88, 6d net. Alexander and ideals. He does not follow the G-ardner. Paisley, Scotland. 1922. Bible wholly as a revelation from God but accepts many Biblical teach- The quaint life on the Hebrides ings as the source of our conceptions Islands is described here in all its sim- of God. He seeks to sift the many plicity and picturesqueness. There views of the Almighty and to reach are legends and primitive customs, a conclusion in harmony with modern simple Catholic, worship of the pre- philosophy and experience. He also reformation type and some excellent studies modern conceptions of God, character studies. The book is of theistic arguments, His relation to especial interest to 10veTS of Scotland.

Matter and Spirit. A Study of Mind and evil, His personality and immanence. Body in their Relation to the Spiritual These studies are very clear and valu- Life. By James B. Pratt. 12mo. 232 able to discerning students and will pp. $1.50. The Macmillan Co. New strengthen faith in the" Living God. ' , York. 1923. Prof. Beckwith's conception of the deity of Christ is not so clear as might These philosophical lectures by the be desired but he declares that "His professor of philosophy in Williams essence is eternaL" College are metaphysical rather than popular. They are opposed to athe- ism and to materialism. Prof. Pratt The Junior Citizen. B:r J oycs Constance Manuel, assisted by Charlotte R. Headley. believes in dualism and in the super- Illustrated, Patterns. 8vo. 164 pp. $1.60. natural but his belief seems to be The Pilgrim Press. Boston. 1923. based on philosophy and not on revelation from God. For workers with boys and girls of 9 to 11 years of age ,this series of les- The Faith that Overcomes the World. By sons in World Helpfulness is of very Van Rensselaer Gibson. 12mo. 110 pp. practical value. It may be used in $1.00. The Macmillan Co. New York. Daily Vacation Bible Schools, Week- 1923. day Religious Instruction, etc. The In a devotional, contemplative course is supplementary to that ususpirit, the author of these studies in ally given in Church schools and the the way of higher knowledge, gives a twenty-five lessons relate to our homes, philosophical remedy for fear, igno- our country, our community and rance, failure, sin, sickness and death. other lands. They include stories He denies the reality of spiritual (Biblical and secular), conversations,

investigations, memory work, drama- lIodern Christian Callings. By various tizations, play and poster work, hand- writers. Macmillan Co. 75 cents. 1922. work, songs, etc. Parents and teach- ers will find here many valuable sug- This little book treats of "Biblical gestions and programs. Teaching in School and College"; " Executives for Christian Enter- The Lutherall World Almanac and Annual prises;" and "Social Service," in Encyclopedia. Bvo. 293 pp. National papers contributed by Irving F. Lntheran Council, 437 Fifth Avenue, New Wood, professor of Biblical Literature York. 1923. in Smith College; Dwight H. Day, secretary of the Board of Missions of The 1,500,000 members of Lutheran the Presbyterian Church; and Dr. churches in America who cooperate in ;William Bailey, professor of Practhe Lutheran National Council, will tical Philanthropy at Yale. The welcome this year book with its wealth writers show the personal and eduof information about the Church year, cational requirements necessary for the various synods and societies, the each line of activity. Our young peoministry, benevolent, missionary and pre. need such information to enable church statistics, educational insti- them to decide on a life work. A tutions and missionary work at home' pastor might well keep a book of this and abroad. kind to loan to forward-looking mem- bers .of his congregation. Cave Boys. By H. M. Burr. IUus. Svo. 200 pp. $1.50. Association Press. New A New Woman's lIagazine. York. 19€3. Women and Missions, the first num- The "Stone Age" furnishes many ber of t,he combined Presbyterian opportunities for the play of the im- periodicals, Woman's Work and Home agination-unhampered by historic Mission Monthly, appears in very atfacts. Gigantic animals abounded and tractive form for April, 1924. It is primitive conditions prevailed, but published under the joint auspices of how much men knew or what they did the Woman's Committees of the is not recorded. Mr. Burr tells the Boards oj' Foreign Missions and Nastories of his heroes-Hu, the He'aler tional Missions of the Presbyterian (a hunchback boy); Rune, the Ques- Church in the U. S. A. tioner; Pinx, Maker of Pictures, and four others who represent stages in The Editor is Miss Lucia P. Towne, the supposed evolution of man. The 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. stories are interesting but their chief The first number is a magazine of lessons are found in the account of forl,y pages, well illustrated and with man's effort to overcome obstacles to a very interesting variety of topics, progress. ably presented. Among the articles are the following: "Has Migration Nor ScrIpt. Amy Wilson Carmichael. 12mo. Helped the Colored Race?"; "Lep- 124 pp. Is, 6d. Society for the Propa· rosy in Africa" and "The Three R's gation of Christian Knowledge. Madras, for Missionary Babies." India; 1921. Every Presbyterian woman and For private circulation among many others will be interested to read friends of the work, Miss Carmichael this magazine. The price is $1.00 a tells the wonderful story of how God year. has fulfilled His promises and has supplied all their needs in the mission The Missio71ary Survey, the official at Dohnavur. The story is charm- organ of the Presbyterian Church ingly told and cannot fail to impress (Sout,h) has now taken the name" The one with the spiritual message. Hu- Presbyterian Survey." It is an exman interest coupled with the evi- cellent magazine of 64 pages, pubdence of divine working captivate the lished in Richmond, Virginia. Price mind and heart. $1.00 a year.

BOOKS

Story of John G. Faton (told for young Bible and Spiritual Life. Arthur T. Pier- folks). Dr. James Paton.. 254 pp. $1.50. son. 483 pp. $2.00. Biola Book Room.

George R. Doran Co. New York. 1924. Los Angeles. 1923.

Mackay of Uganda. Mary Yale. 212 pp. Beyond Shanghai. Harold Speakman. 198 $1.25. George H. Doran Co. New York. pp. $2.50. Abington Press. New York.

1924. 1922.

Mexico, An Interpretation. Carleton Beals. Buddhism and Buddhists in China. Lewis 280 pp. $2.50. B. W. Huebsch. New Hodons. 84 pp. $1.25. Macmillian Co.

York. 1923. New York. 1924.

The Three Religions of China. W. E. Soot· China and Her Peoples. Lena Johnston.

hill. 264 pp. $2.85. Oxford University 131 pp. $1.50. George H. Doran Co.

Press. New York. 1923. New York. 1923.

A Vision of ChriStian and Buddhist Fellow- Erromanga, the Martyr Isle. H. A. Robert· ship in the Search for Light and Reality. son. 467 pp. $1.50. George H. Doran Dwight Goddard. 16 pp. Los GatOS', Co. New York. 1923. California. 1924. The Ethical Teaching of Jesus. Ernest F. The World's Living Religions. Robert E. Scott. ]29 pp. $1.50. Macmillian Co. Hume. 298 pp. $1.75. Charles Scribner's New York. 1924. Sons. New York. 1924. The Family Worship. Wilbur B. Stover. Tides of India-a Fageant Play. Helen L. 134 pp. 75 cents. College Press. Mt. Willcox. 64 pp. 50c. Abingdon Press. Morris, Ill. 1924. New York. God's Word to Women. Katharine C. Bush- Frank Dennison Phinney. D. C. Gilmore. nell. 127 Sunnyside Avenue, Oakland, 71 pp. American Baptist Mission Press. California. 1923. Rangoon, Burma. 1924. Hispanic-Amerioan Relations with the The Life of the Ancient East. James United States. Wm. S. Robertson. 470 Baikie. 148 pp'. $4.00. Macmillan Co. pp. Oxford University Press. New York. New York. 1923. 1923.

Geschichte der Evangelischen Mission in India Through New Eyes. David Walters.

Afrika. D. Julius Richter. 813 pp. C. 64 pp. 6d. Livingstone Press. London.

Bertelsman. Giitersloh, Germany. 1922. 1923.

The Ideals of Asceticism. O. Hardman. Indische Missionsgeschichte. Julius Rich· 221 pp. $2.00. Macmillan Co. New ter. 557 pp. C. Bertelsmann. Giitersloh, York. 1924. Germany. 1924.

Where Evolution and Religion Meet. John In China Now. .T. C. Keyte. 154 pp.

M. and Cerle C. Coulter. 105 pp. $1.25. $1.50. George H. Doran Co. New York.

Macmillan Co. New York. 1924. 1923.

The Inftuence of the Bible. Thomas Tip- Knowing the Scriptures. Arthur T. Pier- lady. 128 pp. $1.00. Fleming H. son. 458 pp. $1.50. Biola Book Room.

Revell Co. New York. 1924. Los Angeles. 1924.

Testament for Fishers of Men. Wade C. The Land of Saddle-Bags: A Study of the Smith. 50c to $1.50. Onward Press. Mountain People of Appalaehia. James Richmond, Va. Watt Raine. 260 pp. $1.50. Missionary Education Movement. New York. 1924. National Health Series. (20 volumes.) Edited by National Health Council. 30c David Livingstone. Hubert F. Livingstone each. Flexible Fabricoid. Funk & Wag_ Wilson. 230 pp. $1.35 net. George H. nalls Co. New York. 1924. Cancer: Doran. New York. 1924. Nature, Diagnosis and Cure. Francis Carter Wood. Man and the Microbe: Protestantism-Its Principles and Reasons. How Communicable Diseases are Con- R. Ditterich. 62 pp. 30· cents. Bible trolled. C. F.. A. Win&low. Community Institnte Colportage Association. Chicago. Health: How to Obtain and Preserve It. 1924. D. B. Armstrong. The Baby's Health: Richard A. Bolt. Personal Hygiene: The Thoughts on Certain Things That Matter. Rules for Right Living. Allan.T. Mc- Benjamin L Greenwood. 32 pp. Marshall Laughlin. Bros. London. 1923.

Spiritual Message in Modern English The Teaching W()rk ()f the Church. Com- Poetry. Arthur S. Hoyt. 290 pp. $2. mittee on the War and Religious Outlook. Macmillan Co. New York. 1924. 309 pp. $2.00. Association Press. New York. 1924.

What Is Modernism 7 Leighton Parks. 150 The Jews in America. B. J. Hendrick. pp. $1.00. Scribner's Sons. New York. 171 pp. 68. Heinemann. London. 1923. 1924. Buddhism and Christianity. A Contrast Seven Qnestions in Dispute. William Jen- and a Parallel. J. Estlin Carpenter. 319 nings Bryan. 158 pp. $1.25. Fleming pp. 3s, 6d. Hodder & Stoughton. Lon. H. Revell Co. New York. 1924. don. 1923.

Guinea Evangelization Society

Former Savages Are Transformed Into Christian Workers Through the Teaching of the Bible You Can Help—lf You Will Kwato Needs a Bible School. It Will Cost $50,000 and Will Train Papuan Christians to Win Their Countrymen to Christ THIS SCHOOL INCLUDES Dormitory for Girls ……… $1,500 Dormitory for Boys……… 1,500 ASchooIBuilding ………. 5,000 Dormitory for Women. . . . . . 4,000 DGrmitoryfor Men……… 4,000 Community Dining Hall….. 3,500 A Kitchen……………. 2,000 A RAW NEW GUINEA HEATHEN One Hundred Dollars a Year Will Train Two Christian Evangelists Graduated Volunteers Are Ready to Go Out from America if Their Support Is Provided A Hospital Is Greatly Needed for a Popu~ . lation of 20,000 Pc::ople. It Will .Also Train Native Nurses. Total Cost, $50,000 A Child in the Mission School Can Be Supported for $30 a Year WILL YOU HELP?

Send Your gifts 10: KAGO, A PAPUAN EVANGEUST WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York New Guinea Evangelization Society, Inc.

REV, CHARLES W. ABEL, Miaaionary Jorn the Societ)'. Quarterly Reports Will Be Mailed to Members BOARD OF DIRECTORS Samuel R. Boggs. Pres. Allan Sutherland, Sa. Philip E. Ho'ward John L. Steele Hugh R. Monro. Vue-Pres. Delavan L. Pierson Valter Th{cDougal1, Treas. Rev. Charles ", Abel Arthur Y. Meeker Robert P. Vilder II"" G. A. Miller Alwyn flaB, Jr.

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1924

HARTFORD

PRESIDEXT DANJO EBI~'~-A) of the Doshish~, SEMINARY FOUNDATION :It'eompnll1ed by Hpy, .leI'OnJ:' C. H()ln~('s, of Kyoto is ,-isiting the l:nite<l States ]]j the Hartford, Conn. jlltere~ts of the uniyersity. W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, President HEV. BHENTO:N T. BADLEY, D.D., -whu YaH horn in India tl11cl has been for tWPllty-fnUl' Theological Seminary years eng:1g'ecl ill missionary Rel'yj(:(, thpl'cJ Dean. M. W. Jacobus is the new (?ditol' of the Indian TITitU{'.';s. School of Religious Pedagogy RE.v. ERXEST nr. HIGGs, AHSOe1atc ~('(:l'l~­ Dean, E. H. Knight tary oi thr American Roanl. :~ft(>r :!ttcll~llllg the Neal' E:Hlt Coufcrences thls sIn'lllg', IS tu Kennedy School of Missions yisit tho Afr)('(1 ~r.issions of 11 is ]Jo<lrd. Dean. E. W. Capen "'fRS. HELE'" B.tRRI<TT C'lloXTGo)]ERY has Through these associated schools Hartford offers completed :.L new translation uf the ~O' full training for Testament, vhieh is to be widely used by the Baptists in the League of New Testa· 1. The Christian Ministry. ment Reude1's "yhil'h they are orgalllzmg. 2. Religious Education and Social Service. 3. The Foreign Field. REV. 'V3I. A. 'l'HO~[AS, of Point Hope, Alaska the most northel'll station of the Each school has its indepenuent faculty and its Episcopal Church, has )'eceived a gift of " own institutional life and together they form one mdio set, which it is expected will keep IUlll interdenominational institution with the unity of a in daily touch ,,-ith the rnited ~·ltates. common aim and spirit. through Seattle. The plan for a group of eight buildings for the BISHOP H01fER C. STUNTZ, of the :II. E. Foundation, including dormitories, library, chapel, Church, suffet'ed from a serious stl'Oke of gymnasium. as well as separate buildings for each apoplexy wllile in :lliami, Fla., the llliddle of school, is being carried out. The first of th~se -.b-'ebruary. He is sillce T('pOl'H'd ROlllf'whnt LJl1ilding~, the Vomen's Dormitory, is now occupIed impl'oved. under d-irection of the Dean of 'omen. !'Irs. Lester McLean. Jr. JOH)[ .. :lIAcK.n:, Al'chden('oll of IllditHi :lfissions iu the Diocese of Saskatdtewan, Cnnada, hfts tUed nftC"l' 11101'(' than sixtl~ yeaTs of yol'k alllong the Cree' Indians. '

THE HOME MISSION BOARDS The .Toint COllf(~rellce 8f the Home :Ilk TIle oldest Immigrant's :-;,ions Conncil awl the COl1llcil of ~01l1ell fOl' BIble ,,-"':;oc/('/y Bible Home )Iisslons yhieh met in ~'tlantic City, in New York .1 anuaq 14th to 16th, p""sed ullallilllollsi y and the onl), T HERE is no better Christhe following l'ccOlnmel1t1atiow"I: one dtstribut- tian and Americaniz:;tio.o ing BtbLes work than the free dlstrt- J. That the C0111mittees Oll tile :lltSSIOKIRY FREE in tile bution of Bibles to the immi- RE'~IEY OF THE VORLD of thi? two COl1urils City and Ilar- grants who reach our shores he unitc(l to form nlle joint standing COlll- bor of New daily, mittee. York. The work of circulating the Bi- 2. That the COUlh,ils CXPl'i..'HS ag'ain tlwil' ble, in 53 languages, aro.ong rippreriation of the ynlne of the REY1.EY a.., these potential citizens, bnngs nn rdueationnl Hntl insphatioual Ol'g-fln (If far reaching results. the ('anse of Home }IissiollR. Your donation will help in this 3. That the re~ollltions ac1opt('(l luRt Yi..'ar no ble work and at the same be reaffirmed and that Boards be urged to time may establish a life income rurry ont still mOl'r; fully anc1 ('>fi'ectiw'ly from your investment accord.. thOS8 re~wlutions by making financial ap- ing to the annuity plan. propriations to the }lEVIEW, by helping- to axtoml the circulation and by furnishing' LEARN HOW GENEROSITY HOlne }fissioll' 11€WS and articles. ACTUALLY PAYS CASH DIVIDENDS The ne'iY CJlll1nittee app()inted to l'CPl'("- Write lor Booklet No. 1 sent tho t'o Councils on tho -;fISSIOX.'RY REVIEW OF THE VVORLD for the present year New York Bible Society ore the following: :;VIrs. E. e. Cronk, Glw'r· man; Dr. ,Tohn lIIeDowell, :;VIrs.•Tohn Fergu- 5 East 48th St. New York City son, Dr. Cha)']es L. ·White, :;VII'S. O. R. Jud(l, Dr. Samu<'l L. Loomis, Mr. Jay S. StowelL This committee meets with the Editorial Conncil of tlle REVIEW quarterly to discuss editorial plans.

Please mention THE 1trssIONABY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. Fine Linens for Summer SUMMER with its many demands upon your hospitality will soon be here. And entertaining always requires a com- pletely equipped Linen Chest. From McCutcheon's bountiful supply you can :fill your needs with the assurance that every article is pure in quality-and that prices are as moderate as the superior character of the merchandise permits.

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They provide comfort and peace for your old age. They provide security for your dear ones. They are safe-sure-dependable.

At the Same Tillle They are your opportunity to do your part for the Kingdom now-TODAY!

For full details address George M. Fowles, Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 Fihh Avenue. New York. N. Y.• or W. J. Elliott, Treasurer of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 170 I Arch Street. Phaadeiphia. Pa.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Editot CONTENTS FOR APRIL, 1924 Page COVER ILLUSTRATION . GREAT HI~DU TEMPLE AT TIRUVANNAMAI,AI, SoUTH INDIA FRONTISPIECE …………………….. CAClQVE INDIANS OF PERU ApPEALING TO THE MISSIONARIES OF THE Ev.~NGEL1CAI. UNION OF SOUTH AMERICA FOR HELP EDITORIALS ………………………….••…….•………••…….•.. 245 REOENT CHANGES IN INDIA A PROPHECY FOR INDIA ALL INDIA CHRISTIAN CONFERENC'E EVIDENCES OF ANSWERED PRAYER RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN AUSTR..LIA JESUS CHRIST IN THE THINKING OF ASIA .. , .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 TESTIMONY FROM INDIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , " …….. PROFES~OR YOH.N MASIH TES'~IMONY J'ROM JAPAN …………………………. DEAN H. IIATANAKA TES~'IMONY FROM CHINA …………………………………. Y. Y. Tsu ON THE RAILS WITH CHAPEL CARS …………………. SAMUEL G. NElL 262 A story of a new type of cwcuU riding de luxe in churchle.•s parishes.

THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY A'f CAIRO ………. WILLHM BANOROFT HILL 269 The story of the great mission and work of the l!eW Chri..tian Univel'sity in the intellectual capital of the Moglem world.

IF I WERE A YOUNG MISSIONARY IN KOREA . . . . . . . . . . . . BY Yl SANG CHOI 276 A HINDU VIEW OF JESUS CHRIST …………………………………. 277 THE AWAKENING OF CHINESE SOULS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MAR, F. PARMENTER 278 Gr;,pping life stories of Chinese girls who (we study·~rtg to help awaken their sisters.

THE NEGLECTED INDIAN OF BOLIVIA AND PERU .. WEBSTER E.BooWNING 287 Observations on a recent tour in unoc&upied fields in Latin America.

JAMES I. GOOD, ENLARGER OF THE KINGDOM …. ALLEN R. BARTHOLOMEW 289 OPEN DOORS IN LATIN AMERICA ………………. II. AND S. B. STRACHAN 291 The.. need for E'rotcstant iti~era.t-ing evange~'ist8, .•howl! by a ..tudy of unocoopieii areas.

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VOL. APRIL, 1924 NUMBER XLVII FOUR RECENT CHA~G~JS IN INDIA D URING the past six years India has passed through the period of post-war disillusionment and adjustment, accom- panied by anti–Western feeling in nation and in church, strong influences from Moslem Turkey and Bolshevist Rlussia, the development of the remarkable personal influence of Mahatma Gandhi, and the experiences of reform in politics and of development of responsibility in the Christian Church.

Today, says the Rev. Alden H. Clark, of Almednagar,* anti- Western feeling is not so apparent as it was in the days of the Swadeshi movement of 1907-08. Everywhere I have found the oldtime courtesy and appreciation of Western cooperation. On the other hand, it is evident that what had been in 1907-08 often a wild and angry assertion of Indian rights, and has in a period since sometimes expressed itself in bomb-throwing and rioting, has now settled into a quiet, insistent purpose to gain full control of every aspect of India's life, political, economic, religious. That is perhaps the outstanding aspect of the situation today. Politically this has shown itself in the sweeping victory of the Swaraj, or radical party, over the moderates in recent elections. Religiously both Hinduism and Mohammedanism are becoming more aggressive. It is a new thing for Hindus to reach out and try to win Mohammedans and Christians.

Alongside of their new aggressiveness for Hinduism and Mohammedanism there is among non-Christian Indians a marked increase in reverence for Christ and appreciation of his teaching. He is more and more recognized as one of the greatest leaders and often as· the greatest religious leader of the world. Mahatma Gandhi's open reverence for Christ and recognition of his debt to him has spread the influence of Jesus broadcast in India.

The Christian movement reflects the general situation in India.

.. In The OongregationaU8t.

In some districts the extreme period of strained and difficult personal relations seems to have passed and the air to have been cleared for closer and more cordial cooperation. The process of Indianization has made marked progress. Now the General Councils of Indians and missionaries meet to settle questions of mission policy and work. Indians sit with equal voice and vote with the missionaries and form about one-third of the voting membership. Similarly, the work in each station is now controlled by a station council in which the number of Indian members may equal the number of missionaries. The Representative Councils of Missions, which were powerful Protestant bodies in the different provinces of India and were predominantly Western, are now transformed into Christian Councils, in which the Indian Church is fully represented and in which at least half the members must be Indians.

Not only in missions but also in the Indian Church are there indications of growing Indianization. Indian Christians are identifying themselves more with their non-Christian fellow Indians in politics, education, business and religion. This movement contains its dangers, for Christians who have no deep personal experience of. the living Christ and no firm grasp of the distinctive and essential elements in the Christian program in some cases are carried back into Hinduism in their desire to identify themselves with the culture of their country. The president of the Christian Association of Bombay has surprised his Christian friends by openly proclaiming himself a Hindu. Yet anyone who has had experience of the wonderful response to Christ of such typical Indians as the late Rev. N. V. Tilak, Sadhu Suudar Singh, and many others besides can never doubt for one moment that Keshub Chander Sen was right in saying "N0 one but Christ is worthy to wear the diadem of India and he shall have it."

Mr. Clark believes that the situation is more promising than ever before for true and lasting Christian development. The missionary is now less of a director and more of a cooperator with the Indian Christian; less of a "father" and more of a brother. There is an increasingly close identification of Christians and of Christ with the changing, surging life of India.

ALIJ INDIA CHRISTIAN CONFERENCE The more important resolutions passed at the All-India Christian Conference held at Bangalore (December 27-28) related to Indians in America, Prohibition, Hindu-Moslem Unity and Church Union. They were as follows: I-(a) This Conference hears with some satisfaction that the recent decision of the Supreme High Court of U. S. A. denying rights of citizenship to domiciled Indians in that country was not based on any inherent implication of the National Constitutioll of that-country,

EDITORIAL COMMENT

but on Immigration Laws which are comparatively more easily changeable.

(b) This Conference considers that a change in the Immigration Laws of America, with a view to remove this disability, is necessary in the interests of international good-will founded on mutual recognition of equality of citizenship.

(c) In the opinion of this Conference the continuance of this disability will affect adversely the work of the Christian Church in this land and particularly that of the American Missions. . The Conference therefore urges the National Christian Council to place this matter before the Christian Church in America through the International Missionary Council and various Home Boards, in cooperation with the Executive Committee of this Conference.

II-(a) In the opinion of this Conference the total prohibition of sale and manufacture of alcoholic liquors and other intoxicating drugs should be the aim of all temperance reformers in this country. It welcomes, however, Local Option bills passed by some of the Provincial Legislatures as a forward step towards the attainment of this ideal, and trusts that imported foreign spirits will be also speedily brought within the ope-ration of such legislation.

(b) The Conference pledges itself to cooperate with every effort in this regard, and urges the Provincial Indian Christian Associations to do the same.

III-(a) The Conference deeply deplores the tragic extent to which communal and sectarian differences have expressed themselves in the recent months and have become a serious obstacle to any na-. tionaI progress in India.

(b) It urges every Indian Christian to do his utmost in cooperation with Hindus and Moslems to work towards national unity.

(c) It strongly recommends that a Conference be arranged of representatives from various communities for the purpose of ascertaining clearly the real difficulties of the different communities and of arriving at solutions that will be permanently effective.

(d) The Executive of the All-India Council of Indian Christians as representing a minority body which, while in full sympathy with the aspiration of the great communities for mutual concord, is itself disinterested will be prepared, if asked, to take tlie initiative in regard to such a Conference.

(e) This Conference wishes to point out that any accentuation of the communal spirit among Indian Christians adds to the difficulties of the situation and makes it still harder for them to assist in its solution.

IV-Resolved that this Conference approves in general the movement toward establishing the Anglican Church in India on an autonomous basis anel also the movement towards Church Union in South India,

A PROPHECY FOR INDIA.

D R. S. K. DATTA, National Y. M. C. A. Secretary for India, re- cently made a visit to Australia, where he sought to improve the understanding between Australians and Indians. He gave several addresses daily and interested university professors and students, the colleges and schools and also the Trades' HaH. One or his hosts, who was greatly impressed by his ability and culture, writes that he "asked him whether after all the years of work of the Christian missionaries many of the high caste and cultured Indians had accepted Christianity. After thought, he replied, 'Very few,' but he added that, for the past two or three generations, the fathers had been saying to their sons, 'Look at these English officials and consider their lives-straightforward, truthful, earnest, laboring to elevate our nation and to organize and uplift it to the high standard of their own. Then look at the missionaries, leading lives of great self-sacrifice without any idea of personal advantage. Indeed, quite the reverseand what for? To teach our people lofty ideals of life. They have something which we have not-some motive which our beliefs have failed to suggest. We want you to cultivate and live up to those ideals. ' He said this had permeated the better classes to such a degree that today 'Buddha is dead.' As to the masses, the untouchables, the religion of Christ was the first that had given them any hope at all. All their own religions doomed them to lowest despair. They were accepting Christianity in the mass, and the principles of the Sermon on the Mount were so moving the mind of India today that the time was certainly coming, and no one could say how soon, when the teachings of Christ would be accepted by all India."

EVIDENCES OF ANSWERED PRAYER T HE foremost need of both the individual Christian, and of the Church, is a revival of believing prayer. The supernatural element in Christianity is being discredited by the modern attempt to reduce all prophecy to shrewd guess work, or conjecture, and to deny miracles or to explain them by the operation of natural laws. This tendency is observable also in the drift of the day with reference to prayer, in practically denying its supernatural, or preternatural, efficacy; and making it simply a moral self-discipline or self-culture, as though one should try to propel his boat by blowing on the sails. This attitude considers prayer as profitable, but effective only on the human side. There is but one way to meet that false view. This is not by an appeal to the Scriptures alone, for it is due, in part, to a false interpretation of the Scriptures; but, if from actual history and from modern experience there can be pointed out such an overwhelming mass of authentic facts as constitutes indisputable evidence of the interposition of God, the faith of the sincere

EDITORIAL COM.l{ENT

and open-minded Christian will be revived; and, the Scriptures will be illumined by testimony. .

The story of Pastor Gossner who, at 63 years of age, began a new evangelization work offers some of the well authenticated in- stances of the triumphs of prayer. There are some men whose work is so vitally connected with supplication to God that their prayer life is a vital part of it. Such men were Franke, Pastor Harms, George Miiller, Hudson Taylor, John Wilkinson, and D. I~. Moody, but of them all, no man depended upon simple prayer more tl1an did Goss- nero He had come out of the Church of Rome, where he was born and educated; he had seen the great truth, "Christ for us-our justification; Christ in us-our sanctification," and was led uncon- sciously into a great missionary career. When he was pastor of the Bethlehem Church in Berlin, three or four simple artisans sought his counsel and aid. They begged that he would at le~st pray with them, though he felt unable to assist them in their missionary projects.

By praying with them, he came into sympathy with them aud so began to help them in planning for service. After their day's work was done, he tallght them the 'Word of God and the truths of Christ.

They went in sole dependence on God for direction and support; and this, unconsciously, became the mark stamped upon the Gossner Mis- sion. His motto was, "Pray ye the Lord o£ the Harvest that he will send forth helpers into the Harvest." Past three score years and at a period of life when most men retire from activc service, he began the work that placed in the field 200 missionaries-male and female -becoming himself, under God, responsible for their activity and support. He said of himself, "I will not ring the beggar's bell, but the prayer bell, instead of asking men, supplicating God." It was said over his open grav.e that "He prayed mission stations into being and missionaries into faith: he prayed open the hearts of the rich, and gold from the most distant lands." Gossner believed in the Spirit of God as the great administrator of missions and soon he had little reliance on human organizations, but he had supreme trust in a prayer-answering God. He did all he could, but he trusted God to direct and order all according to His will. His manual of instruc- tion to his missionaries was less than sixty words: "Believe, hope, love, pray, b1trn, waken the dead! The Lord is coming, and to everyone He will sa.y, 'Where hast thou left the souls of these heathen? With the Devil?' Oh, swiftly seek these souls, and enter not without them into the presence of the Lord.."

The whole history of the Hermannsburg mission under Pastor Harms was also a triumph of faith and prayer. He had little sym- pathy from men: therefore he needed the more sympathy from God.

He had practically no help from men and his extremities shut him up to the help of God. 'When the door was shut on the human side, he knocked at the d:)or of prayer; laid every matter at the foot of

God; and rising from hi! knees at midnight, he seemed to hear a voice saying, "Forward now in the name of God." Never afterward did doubt enter into his mind. At the end of thirty-one years, he had put into the field more than 350 missionaries and at the end of forty years, there had been gathered from the heathen more than 1,300 converts. This was a triumph of prayer. Over and over again, appears the same simple entry upon his books, "I prayed to the Lord Jesus to provide the needed sum." Then at the end of the fiscal year, a similar entry of answered prayer, "I needed last year 15,000 crowns and the Lord gave me 60 more. This year, I needed double and the Lord has given me 140 over." Pastor Harms has proved what a single man with his church can do in simple dependence upon the prayer of faith.

The Rev. John Wilkinson, so famous for his work among the Jews, was another example of the power of prevailing supplication. His motto was that" all blessing comes in the path of obedience; that we have only to do the will of God in God's time and way and he will take care of his end of the enterprise."

Hudson Taylor was another great hero of faith. He made no public or private solicitation for funds, not even by politely publishing the donor's names, nor did he promise definite support to the missionaries. They, like himself, were to depend on God for supplies.

These are only a few of the many examples of missions which have had their birth and growth clearly throngh the power of prayer.

RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN AUSTRALIA* REV. LINLEY V. GORDON, the Associate Secretary of the World Alliance for International :H'riendship, who has recently returned from a trip of six months to Australia, his old homeland, writes that religious conditions in Australia differ in many respects from those prevailing in America. The first striking thing is the comparatively small number of denominations. The numerical strength of the several constituencies officially recorded is as follows: Anglicans, 2,106,413; Roman Catholics, 1,069,260; Presbyterians, 593,274; Methodists, 566,006; Congregationalists, 63,144; Baptists, 81,495; Church of Christ, 50,000. The Anglicans far outnumber the other denominations, a condition that is due in part to the predominant population of English people in the country.

A~other outstanding difference is that there is no paranel in Australia to the Home and Foreign Mission Boards in America. Up to 1904, each state in Australia was a separate colony having independent connection with the British Crown. There was no such thing as free trade between the states. "With the arrival of federalism came the sweeping away of all tariff barriers between the several

192~] EDITORIAL COMMENT

states. Rivalry and interstate friction have been abolished and the states are now thinking politically in a large, federal way. This is not true, however, religiously in which respect there is a lack of continental vision. Political federation came gradually and religious federation must also come by degrees.

Most of the states now have their Council of Churches-Victoria, South Australia, West Australia and Tasmania. The Victorian Council is the strongest and has done its best work in evangelical campaigns. It has laid emphasis on the question of Lord's Day observance and is interested in public questions.. These councils include all the Protestant evangelical bodies with the exception of the Anglicans. There is need for closer cooperation between the churches.

The ecclesiastical forces of Australia have done very little thus far in applying the Gospel to the social needs of the age. The social problem has rapidly come to the front, and so far the churches have not been able to speak as one voice against the evils in the land. For instance, Australia's drink bill last year was twenty-eight million pounds, but there is no united voice of the Church raised against the traffic. The Church is playing a great part in the crusade against the drinking saloons, but the temperance movement in the Church has lacked driving force for want of a united voice on the subject.

Another thing that prevents Australia from coming into the social realm with her religious strength is that there is scarcely any foreign element within her borders. Racially they are a united peo- ple. Eighty-six per cent are British born. The Scotch, Welsh, Irish and English have been well blended. This fact has not called for any large attention by the Church to diverse social and racial needs.

Many vigorous efforts have been made to achieve Christian unity, especially during the last ten years. The Christian unity movement in Australia reached its high-water mark during the war, so that Presbyterians, Methodists and Congregationalists were in joint conferences. When the war closed a slump came, and the movement died out. Two conferences have been held to consider the Lambeth proposals, four great bodies participating, but the old obstacle of reordination was not overcome. 'l'here has been a recrudescence ·of denominationalism, especially since the conferences on unity have not yielded as much as was hoped.

The Australian preachers have to wrestle with rna.ny problems in addition to the ecclesiastical. Apathy and indifference to high ideals prevail and Protestant ministers are obliged to wage constant war against horseracing, gambling, social unchastity and the legalized liquor traffic, in addition to their endeavor to bring the individual to a full sense of his personal responsibilitv to God and personal loyalty to J eSllS ChriRt. '.

Christ in the Thinking of

Addresses at the Foreign llfissions Conference at Atlantic City, J antlMY, .19:24 A Testimony from Indi..

BY PROFESSOR YOHAN MASIH, INDORE COLLEGE, INDIA I HAIL from India, that great country whose civilization dates back at least three thousand years, which claims the highest mountain peak in the whole world; a country in which have lived sages and hermits, men of meditation and prayer, who spent their lives over the problems relating to God and to human life. At present the country is best known as the land of Mahatma Gandhi and of passive resistance against foreign rule…… .

India is, above aU, a religious country with eight well-defined religions and a score of minor faiths and creeds. Though wickedness, idolatry, priestcraft and superstition abound in India, the whole history of .Hinduism, through errors and blindness, is a search after God.

But a new day is dawning in India. A few years ago, one of the prominent non-Christian judges said, "India is being converted; the ideas that lie at the heart of the Gospel are slowly but steadily permeating the whole of Hindu society, modifying every phase of Hindu thought. " Today idolatry is being shaken. Educated young men and women do not speak in the terms of idolatry. There is also a strong movement among the Hindus themselves against caste. The old orthodox party is' still very strong; yet the sentiment against the idea of untouchability is growing formidable. Some day this great stronghold of Hinduism will tumble down.

Another movement going on in India is the great awakening among the women. They are tired of being kept behind the purdah, or within the four walls of a home. When the political agitation began, the men were arrested and thrown into prison, a number of ladies of noble family and high caste came out of their seclusion and appeared on the public streets and on the public platforms, pleading for the rights of their country and for their own rights. They have started an All India Woman's Conference. A few months ago, a meeting was held and many resolutions were passed, one of them asking the Government to raise the minimum age of girls for marriage to fifteen years. They are also fighting for prohibition in India. Among our native states, only one, the State of Bhopal, is ruled by a woman. Two years back the Begum prohibited the manufacture or sale of liquor in her territory.

Non-Christian India has come to realize also that a great injustice has been done to its daughters and wives in denying them edu- 252 cation. Day schools are now overflowing and new schools are coming into being. In the higher schools and colleges of today are nearly 50,000 students; there are nearly 8,000,000 boys and girls in different schools, secondary and primary; one sixth of the total number are in institutions controlled by missionaries.

But the greatest fact about India today is this: India hails Jesus Christ as supreme. India has come to believe that He is the only hope for the solution of its problems. When the leaders of the noncooperative party wanted to compare Mr. Gandhi with the world's highest, noblest and best, they did not compare him with Buddha, the founder of Buddhism; or with any of the Hindu deities, or with Mohammed, the prophet of Islam. They placed him next to Jesus Christ as the only Person Who stands unique in the whole world. Mr. Gandhi, himself, in his non-cooperation campaign against the government, freely quoted from the teachings of Jesus Christ in the New Testament to convince the people that his campaign was right and just.

The opposition non-Christian party, whose leaders did not agree with Mr. Gandhi, also freely used the New 'restament and the teachings of Jesus Christ to prove that the non-cooperation campaign would bring only disaster. At a most critical time in the history of their people these two non-Christian parties based their appeal straight on Jesus Christ as the unquestionable Source of unassailable truth.

When Mr. Gandhi was sent to prison, there appeared the next day in one of the radical daily papers an article, written by a non- Christian lady, which was quoted in a number of other non-Christian dailies and weeklies, and was translated into many other vernaculars. Its caption was "The arrest and trial of Mr. Gandhi parallels the arrest and trial of Jesus Christ." When the non-Christian public saw that, it wanted to know who J esns Christ was, why He was arrested, why He was sentenced to death, why He suffered on the Cross. And a study of His life and teachings began among many who had previously ignored Christian teaching.

Some missionaries have said that when they visited Mr. Gandhi's Asharam, where he had started a national school for boys and girls, they heard the pupils singing the hymn, "When I Survey the W on- drous Cross," and the other hynm, "In the Cross of Christ I Glory." The teacher told them that these two hymns were favorites with Mr. Gandhi. There you have a non-Christian man training non-Christian boys and girls in sublime teachings about Christ and His Cross. These men and their pupils may not come out and be baptized, mak- ing public confession as followers of Jesus Christ, but in their heart of hearts they will know there is only One in Whose hands lies the destiny of the whole world.

A new day is dawning in India as its people learn to use the Bible. A Vice-Chancellor of Calcutta University, a prominent non- Christian leader, in a recent address, said: "If you ask what is the most powerful influence that has entered my life to shape it, I will tell you it is the Bible." A Hindu professor in the Hindu University in Benares at a public meeting made this confession, "There has been no other such character in human history as Jesus Christ." The Maharajah of Travancore once said, "It is the Christian's Bible that sooner or later will work out the regeneration of India." It is the harbinger of a new day when an Indian thinker in a non-Christian journal can write these words, "If ever there was a time when the educ~ted Indian has consciously paid homage to Jesus Christ, it is in the year 1922."

An Englishman in the retired Indian Civil Service tried to show in an article, not long ago, that this whole revolt in India was against Christian civilization. Non-Christian leaders, one after another, took up the matter and answered him by saying that the revolt was not against Christian civilization, but against unchristian civilization. They made such statements as these: "At no other time in India has there been a more lively appreciation of Christ and His character than today. Many of her children are turning their eyes to the cross, the centrality of which tragedy in the world's history is beginning to grip them with romantic power."

Never in the history of Christian missions in India was there a more serious study of the life and teachings of Jesus Christ than today. Every action of the British Government is judged according to His standards. Every resolution passed by the League of Nations or in the Imperial Conference is judged according to His teachings~ One missionary, who goes over the whole country working among educated Indians, non-Christians and college students, declares that there was a time, twenty, fifteen or ten years back, when the name of Jesus would be hissed by non-Christian students. Now the situation has wholly changed. Questions of this type are asked of him: "How can one be a Christian 7" or "Is baptism necessary 1" When he went to Nagpur to work among the educated classes there, he found that because of a great flag agitation some 1,200 young men had been arrested and thrown into prison. The presiding magistrate told him that when these 1,200 were allowed to choose a limited number of things which they might take with them into prison, about 300 chose the New Testament. But should anyone ask them "Understandest thou what thou readestf" the answer would have to be given, "How can I, except some one should guide me r" There are only eighteen missionaries working in India for everyone million of population. Are they enough to evangelize that numbed This same missionary said: "I have found by actual experience that where there have been great political agitations, there the men

1924J JESUS CHRIST IN 'fHE THINKING OF ASIA

are most interested in the presentation of the Gospel." Mr. Gandhi, before he went to prison, sent a message to the youth of India, asking them to study the life and teachings of Jesus Ohrist, and to try to follow those teachings. Non-Ohristian India is seriously considering whether Jesus Christ can not really solve India's problems.

Only a few months ago, one of the most prominent non-Ohristian journalists of India made a public plea like this: "There are many eminent non-Ohristians who .turn for guidance in the perplexing problems of national life to the teachings of Ohrist. India earnestly hopes that the great body of Ohristian missionaries in this land, will stand by her in her endeavor to apply the central teachings of Christ to her national life."

That is the plea of non-Christian India. What answer win you give? Nowhere in the world today is the church progressing so rapidly as in India. According to the last Government census report, the total population of India had increased by 1.2%, but the Chris- tian population during the same period had increased by 22.64% and now number four and three-quarter millions.

In the A~ts of the Apostles it is related that in one day three thousand were baptized. VI/e have given that day the name of "The Day of Pentecost," the day of the outpouring of the Holy Spirit. God's people and churches have been praying since then for fresh days of Pentecost, when there shall be outpourings of the Holy Spirit, but how few are rendering thanks to the Almighty for the days of Pentecost which are common today in India: During the past ten years there have been baptized, on an average, over 7,000 every month. On every Sunday an average of 1,830 have been solemnly recognized as Christian believers; and thousands have been refused even as inquirers, because there were no men to train them and no money to engage more workers. People have been knocking at the door for entrance into the Church of Ohrist and it has been shut against them. Only eighteen missionaries among one million population! God is working, but we must remember, with sadness, that the great mass_ of the middle classes are still untouched by the Gospel.

Little provision has been made to reach these non-Christians of the middle class in the large cities and towns. Vast numbers have come from the untouchables, and many highly educated men and women have been reached, but millions of people are still pagans. Thousands of villages even today have never hea~d the name of Jesus Ohrist. Thousands of men and women have never heard the Gospel. That is the condition at present in India. It is a great opportunity j God has opened wide the door. There are manifold adversaries, old false ideas, priestcraft, and caste, will all make a great fight. But God is with this work and who can shut the door that He has opened?

Some of us have been greatly distressed during the last few YtJars over the type of some missionaries sent out. India does not

need men and women from Europe and America to go to teach her people how to play billiards, nor do we need missionaries who merely tell India that Jesus Christ is one of the great teachers of the world. India has yearned for centuries ror the vision of the Great God. "Blessed are the pure in heart for they shall see God." It is a new heart that India requires, a transformation of life and character. Who can give that to India except a divine Saviour? Send us missionaries who are not ashamed of the Gospel of Jesus Christ; who are not ashamed of the Cross; men and women who are living in close personal touch with the Master; men and women who have sat at His reet. They will meet India's needs.

A Testi:mony from Japan BY REVEREND DEAN H. HATANAKA, KOBE COLLEGE, KOBE, JAPAN The Christian churches in Japan, with missionary cooperation, have placed Christ in the thinking of the Japanese people; so that today there are 4,667 Christian workers throughout the country. Some of these leaders have made a deep impression upon the hearts of the people of my country. Some are statesmen. Mr. Katoka, who served as the speaker or the Japanese Parliament for two terms, thought it a greater honor to be a deacon in his church than to be the Speaker of the Lower House.

Mr. Shimada, who died a few months ago after a rorty year political career, said: "For these forty years I have acted with a clean conscience."

Mr. Ebara, a leader of the Christians of Japan, an honored member of the Parliament for many years, was held in such high esteem that when he spoke to the House its members forgot the distinctions of political parties. When we think of these Christian statesmen who ha~e come out of our churches, having been in contact with Jesus Christ, and the impressions they made upon the people of my country, we cannot doubt that .Tesus Christ today occupies a very important position in the thinking of the .Japanese.

But our churches have not only produced many Christian workers and statesmen, they have also produced many leading scholars. In any of the leading magazines of Japan today, you will find names such as Uchigasaki, Yoshino, Abo, Morimoto, all men who have accepted Jesus Christ as their Saviour. Today they are the most influential journalists in Japan. These influential Christian Japanese make an impressive exhibit of the place of Jesus Christ in the thought of Japan today.

Our churches, small and weak as they are, ha~e caught an educational ~ision for our people. Today there are twenty-one Christian boys' high schools, thirty-fi~e girls' high schools, six colleges for men and nine colleges for women in Japan. There are two hundred

JESUS CHRIST IN THE THINKIKG OF ASIA

and thirty-four Christian kindergartens located in almost every city of Japan. Not only have our churches caught this educational vision, but they have increased the churches until they number 1,615 besides 864 preaching places; they have raised the number of Sunday-schools to 2,820, with 8,184 Sunday-school teachers. Then they have caught the vision of bringing other men to Jesus Christ. In 1922 over 11,000 men and women united with our churches whose membership runs up to 200,000. It is reported that 400,000 people in Japan receive Christian instruction throug'h the different churches and Sundayschools. We cannot well calculate the full influence that Christ is directly exercising over the men and women of my country. But in addition, the churches are bringing Jesus Christ into contact with the natives through many philanthropic and humanitarian movements.

I think of those courageous women in Japan, Mrs. Yajima, who was at the vVashington Conference on the Reduction of Armaments; Mrs. Kubursiro, Miss Moriya and Mrs. Heyashi of Osaka. They are determined to wipe out those prostitute quarters which are found in our great ci~ies in Japan. A decree prohibiting them within the city limits of Tokyo will be wholly due to the hard work of these women, backed by the women of all our churches. I think of the many children who lost their parents during the earthquake, and of the "George Miiller" of Japan, Mr. Ishii, who, having come in contact with Jesus Christ, gave his life to work for orphans.

A third man, who caught a vision through .Jesus Christ of the abolition of the liquor traffic in Japan is Mr. Aoki, who has given most of his property for this cause and is giving himself and his time. Mr. Arima, a Christian man, is at the head of the prison in Tokyo. After the earthquake, the walls of that prison fell down but not one of the prisoners ran away. Everyone reported to him. Why~ Jesus Christ dwells in the heart of Mr. Arima, and every prisoner had come to have a profound trust in him. Of the men employed today in the social schemes of the Government, many have come out of our Christian churches. Perhaps the progress of the Japanese churches has not been as rapid as we might wish, yet during the last fifty years the Christian churches have accomplished a great deal.

Jesus Christ is also working today outside of our churches in~ Japan. In the last few years the best selling books have been the books that deal with Christ or Christianity. There are many books dealing with Christian themes, many of them written by non-Christians. The entire Sermon on the Mount has been placed in one of the High School textbooks, recognized by the Government. This textbook is used all over the country. Moreover, in four of the leading newspapers in Osaka and Tokyo, during the last two years, have been published serial novels written by non-Christian men, yet having Christian men among their chief characters. In one of them Mr.

:I

Uchimura, a well-known Christian in Japan, is the chief character. Newspaper men do not use stories of this kind if they are not sure that they will take well with their readers. Many films thrown on the screens of movies today in Japan give the stories of such books as "Quo Vadis," "Les Miserables" and the "Life of Christ." Even Buddhists show an interest in the Christ. It was my privilege to have four Buddhist priests in my church in Kyoto, Sunday after Sunday; they were earnest seekers of Jesus Christ and were ready to know more about Him.

But if all these things are true, why is it that Christianity has not won Japan¥ "Why cannot the churches make greater progress with such a deep interest in Christ everywhere ¥' , As I was leaving Japan to come to America, one of the girls in Kobe College asked me, "How can I come into contact with a vital Christ, who will give me a compelling power with others ~" She knew about the life of Jesus Christ and about Christianity as taught in Sunday-school or in church, yet she was still trying to get hold of a transforming Christ who would empower her to act in right fashion. She is typical of many Japanese young men and women today who know about Christ, but who are looking for a Saviour so real that His authority is absolute over life. Such a Christ we need today in Japan, a Christ who can control the group life and the life of the nation, as well as of individuals. Weare looking for a Christ who is not only interested in our spiritual life, but who takes interest in our business dealings, and in our social life. We are looking for a Christ who unifies, not One who is divided by denominational barriers, but One who helps us to look upon non- Christian peoples with love. We are looking for a Christ whom the Japanese can call their own and who need not be grafted upon the nation from outside. Japan today is looking for a Christ who will take her people where we are and will enter into their lives to strengthen them.

As a Christian of Japan, I think of her seventy millions, all guided by different interests. If we could prove to them, by our own personal lives, by our group life, by our efficiency as a part of Japan's national life, that Jesus Christ can control not only individuals, classes and churches, but nations, we might unify those seventy million people Wld secure their allegiance to Jesus Christ. They might work along many distinct lines, they might follow a great variety of purposes, but with full loyalty to Jesus Christ on the part of all, this would become a different world.

A Testimony from (lhina.

BY Y. Y. TSTJ, NEW YORK Secretary of the Chinese Students Christian Association in North America About two years ago I visited one of the great centers of Buddhism in North China. Above the plains of Shantung Province,

JESUS CHRIST IN THF. THINKING OF ASIA

there rises a great mountain called Taishan, six thousand feet high. Every year in the springtime, hundreds of thousands of pilgrims, men and women and children, go there from all parts of China. One Sunday, at six o'clock in the morning, I reached Tai-An, the little city nestling at the foothills, and, by a coincidence, I heard bells ringing, not the temple bells, but the bells of a church calling Christians to worship. I directed my wheel-barrow man to take me to the place where the bells were ringing and there I found a little white-stone church, inside of which was a group of Christians, and at the altar a clergyman.

That afternoon, I climbed the mountain and on the top found beautiful temples, ornate equipment and comfortably robed priests. I contrasted these with the little church down in the valley amidst the dust and the smoke of a busy city, ministering to the needs of its population. The two religions presented themselves before my thought in their characteristic attitudes, one standing aloof from the world, trying to reach out after God by quiet meditation; the other, down in the valley, trying to practice the presence of God among men.

What is the objective of the missionary enterprise in China and in other non-Ohristian lands? On the mountain top I forgot entirely about the fine schools, under the auspices of mission Boards, and the hospitals, the social service work, and other forms of missionary service, and thought only of the central task of the Ohurch in Ohina as the task of ministering to the spiritual needs of the Chinese.

The Christian mission schools, in one of which I was educated, have produced leaders and statesmen who are playing a great part in the regeneration of my country. The hospitals, with their devoted doctors and nurses, are doing great work in cleaning up our towns and our bodies, in making us better able to enjoy the life God has given us. No candid observer can overlook the charitable institutions and their service performed in the name of Jesus Christ. But on that mountain top that day, with my mind's eye, I saw only the thousands of little churches and chapels scattered throughout China, and recalled the missionaries and the native pastors, ministering to the spiritual needs of my people in four important ways.

First, through Jesus Ohrist we have been led to " see the Father." Neither Buddhism nor Confucianism nor any other non-Ohristian religion has made us see God as our Father. It is only Christ that has brought Him to us in that gracious relationship. The Greek and the Hindu philosophers were seekers after God. But humankind never realized God as a l!-'ather until Christ came. Pantheism, that vague, misty system, tried to lead us to believe that everything is God. At the other extreme a crass and crude polytheism grew out of the attempt to localize God and to embody His likeness in images of stone, or wood, or clay. But when I read that passage where Philip said, "Lord, show us the Father and it sufficeth us," it seems to me

that the apostle not only voiced the spiritual yearnings of his own people, but those of mankind for all ages.

Second, through Jesus Ohrist we have come to know tru:e brotherhood. Undoubtedly, the idea of human brotherhood is found more or less clearly in all religions. You find it in Buddhism, but, because Buddhism failed to spread it throughout humankind, it created a special monastic brotherhood for those who are willing to devote their lives to religion. You find the same idea expressed in. Confucianism, "under heaven one family." The special contribution of Ohristianity is not the thought of brotherhood, but rather the presentation of the source of human brotherhood. Other religions are trying to enjoy the fruit without planting the tree, but Christianity plants a tree from which we can get the fruit. As Bishop Brent said, "We cannot know the meaning of the word, 'fraternal,' unless we first know the meaning of the word 'filial.' " We can only understand the meaning of human brotherhood through our sonship in Christ. It was Ohrist alone who said, "Whosoever shall do the will of my Father who is in heaven, the same is my brother and sister and mother." .

Third, Jesus Ohrist has greatly enriched the wellsprings of human sympathy. Bertrand Russell the English philosopher was asked during his visit to China to give a critical estimate of Chinese character. He replied that he had admired many things in the Ohinese people and in their culture, and that only because he had been asked would he point out three weaknesses. One of these was callousness, la.ck of sympathy, inability to appreciate suffering on the part of others. No doubt we can explain that that is mainly due to the hard struggle for existence in China. .On the other hand we might point out the beautiful spirit of helpfulness which can be found within the Ohinese clan or the family group. Yet it must be confessed that the Ohinese lack that wonderful human sympathy which is so richly developed in a truly Ohristian atmosphere. A non-Christian Ohinese scholar, a professlJr of the Government university of Peking, after a careful study of the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, said recently, "I have found three things in the Christian religion which Ohina needs-the spirit of sympathy, the spirit of forgiveness, and the spirit of sacrificial service." In a very striking sentence he said, 'I Only this spirit of Jesus Ohrist, only these great principles of Jesus Christ, can save us from the pit that is dark and dismal and cold into which we have fallen. " He would have agreed that most of the modern social movements iu Ohina have started out of the Ohristian motive. .

Fourth, Jesus Christ has made prayer articulate to us. There is no people in this world that does not pray. There is no religion in an human history that does not emphasize the prayer life. But the religion of Jesus Christ has fully and finally made prayer articulate.

JESUS CHRIST IN THE THINKING OF ASIA

The Tibetan peasant who turns the prayer wheel as he goes to his work every morning is a praying man. Myoid grandmother, who lit the stick of incense at about four o'clock every morning and mumbled her prayer, "Namo Omitu Fu," incessantly, until the piece of incense had burnt down to its socket, was a woman of prayer. But the Christian becomes an articulately praying man. How I love to recall that incident when a group of Christ's disciples gathered around Jesus, and one of them asked Him, "Master teach us to pray." This also is a great human quest, which involves a personal relationship to God as our Father. Then from the lips of Jesus Christ came that wonderful prayer.We in China through prayer are making religion personal, and are finding God real.

The great spiritual contribution of 0hristianity to China, as Dr. Chamberlain said, is the acknowledgment of the sovereignty of God in the life of man. The greatest need of my people it seems to me is to recognize God in human destiny, to feel His power in all life whether individual or corporate.

What my country needs supremely is a spiritual message. Other benefits are sure to follow the righteousness of the Kingdom of Heaven, not to precede it. China today is struggling to be reborn; she is trying to clean up her political life, to reform her social life; she is waiting for that great moral dynamic that comes only from the recognition of the sovereignty of God in the life of man and of our responsibility to Him; from knowing God as revealed in Christ, not merely as sovereign, but as our loving Heavenly Father, to whom we can pray and bring our troubles, expecting understanding and help.

When we think of the limited resources with which missionaries work and of the limited number of missionaries .sent, should we not ask ourselves whether we have apportioned our resources equitably according to the needs of the field 7 'Ve may have overemphasized the concrete undertakings, and thereby allowed to be partially overshadowed the less concrete but more vital function of the missionary enterprise, namely the meeting of the deep spiritual need of the Chinese people. When they get that, the other matters will take care of themselves.

LIFE "Life is what we are alive to. It is not length, but breadth. To be alive only to appetite, pleasure, pride, money making, and not to goodness and kindness, purity and love, history, poetry, music, flowers, stars, God and eternal hopes, it is to be all but dead.

"If men cannot believe in the Christians whom they have seen, how can they believe in the Christ whom they have not seen f"

-Maltbie D. Babcock.

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– """"""''''''' ~-.""– ONE OF THE CHAPEL CARS On the Rails with the Chapel Cars BY SAMUEL G. NEIL, D.D., PHILADELPHIA, P A.

Superintendent of the Chapel Car and Colportage Work of the American Baptist Publication Society which, in cooperation with The American Baptist Home Mission Society, owns and operates seven Chapel Cars-more than half the world "s supply. '.!'he first ear began opera.- tiona in May, 1891. The last car was built in 1915.

D R. WAYLAND HOYT, at one time pastor of the First Bap- tist Church in Minneapolis, was riding one day in a private car through northern Minnesota with his railroad brother, Mr. Colgate Hoyt. Suddenly Dr. Hoyt turned to his brother and said, "Colgate, have you noticed the large number of towns through which we have been passing today without a sign of a church building in them T In every town, there are ample evidences that saloons are on the job, debauching the souls and bodies of men, but there is no opportunity for their salvation. Why couldn't a car be built and fitted out to contain a combination church and parsonage, so that the missionary and his wife could live there? The car could be sidetracked in these small towns and the people invited in to hear the Gospel~"

The thought appealed to the practical railroad man and as a result he called together a few Baptist laymen in New York City and presented to them the thought of his preacher-brother. The outcome was that those half dozen Baptist laymen raised the money to build and equip the first chapel car ever put on railroad tracks, called ,'The EvangeL"

The car is a regular church and parsonage combined, as well equipped as any Pullman, with every convenience for the missionary and his wife. The chapel is furnished with a handsome brass lectern and Estey organ, and will accommodate a congregation of from ninety to one hundred and twenty-five people. Hymn-book racks are in the pews, and underneath are boxes to hold supplies of books, tracts and Bibles. Under the car are great receptacles for coal, ice, wood, etc. Some cars carry tents, so that in the summer out-door meetings may be held.

One day the chapel car" Messenger of Peace," en route from St. Louis to Kansas City over the Wabash Railroad, was side-tracked for a few hours at Carrollton, Missouri, in order to let another train pass by. At once a crowd began to gather. A tall, strapping fellow, unshaven and awkward, wearing a broad-brimmed hat and high-water 262

1924J ON THE RAILS WITH 'fHE CHAPEL CARS

trousers, stepped up and read the name of the car and then the Scripture text on the outside of the car, "Go ye into all the world and preach the gospel to every creature."

"Now, what sort of a car do you reckon that is ~" he remarked. "That's a church car, " said a bystander. "There is a preacher and his wife on board who live on that car all the time and hold meetings. There is a pulpit, and organ and everything for church work on board. I read about that car in the St. Louis papers."

The tall Missourian looked for a moment at the car in genuine astonishment and then cut loose.

"'VeIl, I swan! I've seen a cattle car, a hog car, a coal car, a lumber car, a furniture car, a refrigerator car, a smoking car, a bag- gage car, a passenger car, and a .

sleeping car, but I'll be blessed if I ever saw a church car like that! If that don't beat the devil!"

.Just then a. young Scotch preacher, Sam Neil, popped his head out of-the window and amid the hearty and good-natured laughter of the crowd, said: ' ,Yes, gentlemen, that's just exactly what the car was built for, to 'beat the devil,' to bring souls from the power of sin and Satan into the glorious liberty of the sons and daughters of God."

When the chapel car mission- ary desires to visit a certain tovm he sends in advance his announce- A CHAPElL CAR INTElRIOR ments, containing a photograph of the car and announcing the time of arrival and the dates for the meetings. The car is its own best advertising agent. Every ticket- agent along the line knows that the car is coming, and generally a crowd of people will be at every station to see it. When the mis- sionary arrives in a town his problem, as a rule, is not how to get the people, but what to do with all who come. Meetings are held every afternoon for children, and every night for adults. Then he begins his work of house-to-house visitation, going to every home in that town and surrounding country. As a result, in the remote sections of our frontier hundreds of churches have been organized and meeting-houses built, scattered through the 'rVest.

A chapel car going into a new town for a religious campaign solves many problems. 'Vhen an "outside" minister visits a town, the first question is, Who will entertain him1 Another question, Where win he hold his meetin~s 1 Or, Who is going to play thE}

ONE OF THE CHURCHLESS PARISHES-A LOGGING CAMP ON SUNDAY organ 7 Is there fuel enough to warm the building? Who will do the janitor work? But on board the chapel car the missionary and his wife meet these problems, for they take the parsonage along with him and the wife plays the organ. The missionary plays the part of janitor, chorister, preacher, the Sunday-school superintendent, the financier, real estate dealer, and church builder. The chapel car missionaries are also rendering a signal service forthe great army of men employed by the railroads of the West.

From the smoky, dusty railroad yards they may step into the car and find a cordial welcome in the atmosphere of the home. They may also find there up-to-date newspapers, magazines and books to read during their leisure time. Every car has its phonograph, so that at the noon hour the men are invited in to listen to a musical program. Vie found a host of men who could not come to the car in the evening' because they were on night shifts, so that a service was held, as soon as the men finished their midnight lunch. Time and time again men who had not been inside of a church for years listened to a Gospel message, sang Christian songs and many responded to the appeal.

One hot day in July a car was attached to an express train for a long journey. All day long services were held every two hours, to which the passengers were invited. Many came because they liked the singing; others because they wanted a change; some because they loved the Gospel. One man attended every service but no anneal seemed to move him. At the last meeting of the day he was first to respond to the invitation to take .Jesus Christ as his Saviour. "I don't know who you are or who sent you," he said to the missionary, "But I have a little girl who will always believe that God sent you.

ON THE RAILS WITH THE CHAPEL CARS

ANOTHER CHURCHLESS PARISH ON THE RAILROAD-A BORDER TOWN IN ARIZONA Since she was big enough to say her 'Now I lay me' she has added '0 Jesus, please bless my papa and make him love you.' She is now eleven years old. I shaH w:ire at the next stop that Jesus has heard her prayer."

In the first chapel car that was built-"Evangel"-over sixty churches have been organized. The latest report from aU the cars shows that as a result of this work from the beginning fully twentyfive thousand people have professed conversion; three hundred and ninety-eight Sunday-schools have been estab1ished; and two hundred and forty-eight churches revived, repaired, and built. This does not tell of the broken hearts healed, or the backsliders reclaimed, or of towns and communities reconstructed by the" Gospel of Good Cheer'~ that the chapel car brings.

The Rev. E. R. Hermiston, of chapel car "Grace" (No. Seven), has been greatly blessed in his work. He writes: "We spent one of the best years of our lives in the different fields in Arizona. At Yuma we had a great union revival and many converts, and all along the line we were given the warm€st kind of receptions. In some of the greatest mining-camps in the world all classes and people welcomed the car. We had successful meetings at Globe, JliIiami, Clifton, Douglas, Naca and Phoenix.

"Another wonderful country was the Imperial Valley in California. The first time the State Convention sent us down there we could see nothing but sand·dunes, cactus and jack-rabbits, and did not think a white man could live there. But since then we have been back three times, and have built churches at Holtville, EI Centro and Calexico. 'rhe' going' gets better every year. In 1920 they took ninety million dollars out of that valley. '1'hat desert can raise crops as well as dust. They raised everything, from cantaloupes to the price of the land which went from $8 to $800 an acre.

"Irrigation and reclamation have wrought miracles. We can look back now and see how many of the little struggling fields have developed until they have upon them strong, self-supporting churches.

"We were sent to Hermiston, the commercial center on an irrigation project in Eastern Oregon, and found t.he growing town was threatened with a fatal malady at its birth. The railroad divided the town physically as well as temperamentally; a real town-site fight had been started and no peace was in sight. The two factions looked across the track at. each other with jealous eyes and could agree on nothing. I preached union and told the people that we could not build the church on the railroad track nOr on both sides of it. 'You will have to hang together or hang separately,' I said. 'The only way to permanent peace, it seems to me, is to agree to disagree.' Our advice was accepted, and a ten-thousand dollar cement-block church was built, which stands today as one of the finest monuments to the chapel car work. "

After nine months of effort Rev. and Mrs. E. R. Hermiston and the good folks at Chow- chilla, California, have had re- cently the joy of dedicating a fine modern and up-to-date church building.

In February, 1921, the chapel car "Grace" pulled into town quietly and services were started and at the end of the first month a meeting was called to consider the advisa- RAILROAD MEN WHO ATrENDED MEETING bility of organizing. Dr. C. VV. Brinstad, Dr. C. H. Bancroft and other workers were called in, and the church was organized with sixty charter members. Plaus were started for a building, and after securing two lots, the gift of C. O. Robinson of Chowchilla, and a gi.ft and loan of $2,000 from the State Convention, and the subscriptions to secure an $8,000 property, the contract was let. The structure is of Moorish Mission architecture and has Sunday-school rooms, ladies' parlor, and an anditorium to seat 350. Chowchilla is a young town of 1,000 progressive American people, mostly from the eastern states. The streets are paved and there are six great highways, running out from the center. The high school is one of the best in the country and they have there a branch of the Carlton Agricultural College. 'rhe church takes its place as a leader in the growing center by calling Rev. William Matthews as pastor, and it win probably become one of the most helpful churches in that section.

The American Baptist Publication Society has also purchased from the White Company, of Cleveland, Ohio, and placed in active service a new type Model 50 chassis, with a special transcontinental home touring body, to be used in missionary work among the Mexicans in California and Arizona. This car is the first of a lar~e

number of such models which will be set apart for evangelistic work along the highways of the country. An exhaustive study leads us to the conviction that the new chapel car auto will reach small out- of-the-way hamlets and towns often many miles removed from trans- portation facilities. The specially constructed, long wheel-base truck will fill a long-felt necessity. This chapel car auto has several of the most important features essential to such conditions as may arise in the performance of many miles of various road conditions. The body, specially designed by the Brown Body Corporation, of Cleve- land, Ohio, is the latest word in furnishings and equipment. A mis- sionary and his wife have everything at their convenience to make life comfortable and their work effective as they travel from place to place. It has a specially constructed roof and pullman-tight windows.

On the outside are the names of the two socie- ties cooperating in the work, and a Scripture A MONUMENT TO CHAPEL-CAR WORK passage in English; First Baptist Church, Chowchilla, California ,'The Seed is the Word of God." On the center panel of the car are the words in Spanish, "Carro Capilla Mexicano," and a Scripture verse in Spanish, "By Grace Are Ye Saved Through Faith and That Not of Your- selves." On the opposite side of the car there is another verse in Spanish-" The Wages of Sin is Death, but the Gift of God is Eternal Life Through Jesus Christ Our Lord." There is a 50-gallon fresh water tank and waste, a wardrobe and bookcase built into the frame, a couch heavily trimmed (convertible at night into a double bed) and covered with imitation leather, drawer for linen, etc., an awning over the Tear platfonn which is used for preaching, a wash room and toilet, also a three-burner gas stove, and a folding table. The rear section is so constructed as to be convertible from a bedroom during the night to a reception room during the day, and is furnished with wicker chairs and furniture. A part of the equipment is a specially constructed tent, so arranged that the rear of the chapel car auto, with its pulpit platform, can be backed into the end of the tent and become the pulpit platform inside the tent. The tent itself is 16 by 30 feet and will accommodate a congregation of about one hundred peo- ple. It is equipped with an Estey pulpit organ, collapsible chairs, a Coleman lantern lighting system, and every modern and up-to-date convenience for the work of evangelism in isolated places. A trailer

will be used for carrying the tent, chairs, etc. The car will be known as "Chapel Car Auto No.1, Crawford Memorial."· The missionary, Rev. Pablo J.

Villanueva, is a Mexican who is versed in both Spanish and English, and knows the Mexican people intimately.

An assistant will travel with him and they will visit Mexican communities.

In cooperation with the American Baptist. Home Mission Society, we have forty-seven colporter-missionaries engaged in the work of personal and house-to-house evangelism in twenty-six different States, as well as in Mexico, Porto Rico, Cuba, and in the Central-American Republics of Nicaragua and EI Salvador.

Last year our missionaries spent 65,867 hours in visiting from house-to-house, and actually made calls upon 98,968 families.

Our missi9uaries distributed 729,558 pages of tract.s in seventeen different languages and had the joy of leading 1,569 persons to a saving knowledge of Christ as a personal Saviour. The total number of Bibles, Mr. AND MRS. HERMISTON AND REV. Testaments and Gospels distributed during SA"i~~L FqEr~I~EC~~TA~l:LE the year is 29,661, beside 13,948 other re- ligious books.

During the last five years our missionaries visited 55,375 families, distri- buted 2,322,867 pages of t.racts, and witnessed the conversion of 8,279 people.

. • The funds for its construction, as well as for Its upkeep and maintenance of the work, Were given by Mrs. Effie M. Crawford. of Santa Ana, Ca1ftornia. as a memorial to her deceased hus·band Mr. Will C. Crawtord. The car, with its complete eqUipment, cost about $9,000. '

THE NEW CHAPEL CAR AUTO FOR USE AMONG MEXICANS

ENTRANCE TO THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY AT

The American University at Cairo BY REV. WILLIAM BANCROFT HILL, D.D., POUGHKEEPSIE, NEW YORK Author of "The Life of Christ"; "The Apostolic Age," etc.

CAIRO is the capital of Egypt and the largest city in Africa. This we all know; but how many of us recognize that it is the vital center of the Mohammedan world ~ ,Ve think of Mecca; but the influence of Mecca is sentimental and steadily decreasing, while that of Cairo is intellectual and gaining in strength constantly. Here is the famous school in the mosque EI-Azhar, where the Koran is the chief textbook, and the highest ambition of its thousands of students is to spread the faith of Mohammed. Here are printing and publishing houses, more than two hundred of them, steadily poumg forth Moslem literature-books, pamphlets, newspapers-to be read and treasured from Morocco to Java and China. Here is a stream of Mohammedan travellers coming from all quarters on business, pleasure and pious ends, and far outnumbering the pilgrims who flock to Mecca in the month of the Hajj. Surely, if one seeks the place where the teachings of Jesus can most widely be offered to the Moslem world, that place is Cairo.

Agencies for work with Moslems have already been established in Cairo. One is the Nile Mission Press, devoted to publishing and circulating Christian literature in Arabic, the chief vehicle of the Moslem religion, and called by the Arabs "the language of the angels." Another is The Study Center where future missionaries to Moslems receive their training in the Arabic language and in Moslem 269

thought. A third is the World Sunday School Association which has here its headquarters for work among Arabic-speaking peoples, and a fourth is the International Y. M. C. A., which has recently placed one of its ablest secretaries in Cairo, and is building up an important and far-reaching work. Other agencies, English as well as American, could well be mentioned. Latest of them all is the American University, an institution whose career, though yet brief, is remarkably full of interest and promise.

Seventy years ago the United Presbyterians began at Cairo a mission which has since extended through all of Egypt and has been MOSLEM SHEIKHS, READING IN THE LIBRARY OF THE SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL STUDIES justly pronounced one of the most successful in any foreign land. It is known as The American Mission and has made the word American a better term in Egypt for a follower of Christ than the word Christian. For in that land Christian either means a Copt-and Moslems have good reason to despise the degradations of Coptic Christianity; or else it means simply a European, so that even a drunken frequenter of brothels may be called a Christian. This explains why the name American was chosen rather than Christian for the new University; it is less offensive to Moslem ears, and more exactly descriptive to Egyptians of the character of the institution.

The American Mission had built up an excellent system of schools, reaching from kindergartens to a college at Assiut; but still there was lacking as its capstone a school of university grade which should do in Cairo a work similar to what is being done in Constantinople by Robert College and in Beirut by the American University -formerly the Syrian Protestant College. But to found a university

'I'HE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY AT CAIRO

is a formidable task, requiring not only men of great ability but also money in great measure, especially if its location is Cairo, a most expensive city. The United Presbyterians already had their re- sources fully taxed, and no other denomination was ready to under- take the founding. The need of such a school was unquestioned j the opening for it was evident; but by whom and how could it be brought into existence ~ The a~swer came from two strong and consecrated men, Charles R. Watson and Robert S. McClenahan, and a little band of fellow- workers and loyal donors associated with them. Dr. Watson was born in Egypt, the son of a leading mission- ary, and had been for fourteen years a secretary of the [Jnited Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. Dr. McClenahan, a trained teacher with an intimate knowledge of Egyptian life and character, was at the head of the Assiut college. These two men, finely equipped and peculiarly suited for joint work, resigned their positions to be- come, one the president and the other the dean of the proposed University. Its suc- cess thus far has been largely due to their unceasing labors. Someone recently re-'

marked, half humorously and half en- viously, "No institution has a right to the DR. CHARLES R. WATSON, • PRESIDENT services of two such men" j but no institu- tion could offer a work that either would feel more important than what he has chosen. They themselves, however, would attribute the remarkabie success of the new enterprise very largely to the band of godly men and women, some four hundred in all, who from the outset have stood pledged to undergird the University with their prayers.

The University has been as fortunate in its first home as in its leaders. In the very best section of Cairo, close by the Museum, the Parliament House, the British Residency and the American Legation, stood a prominent building whose history was most chequered. Orig- inally a pasha's palace, it had been transformed first into a tobacco factory and next into the home of a short-lived Egyptian university.

Later it became historic as the place where Roosevelt gave his vigor- ous ideas about the government of Egypt. During the war it was again used for school purposes, as many of the school buildings were taken for hospitals. It was purchased for the University at a very reasonable price; and the English officials showed their friendliness by helping to give prompt possession of it, even at some inconveni- ence. On one side of this main building are several smaller buildings which are used for the School of Oriental Studies, the college lunch- room, the students' showerbaths and lockers, and other purposes j

THE STUDENTS AT THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY AT CAIRO .md on the other side is an open lot which serves as an athletic field. Each afternoon the sidewalk outside this field is lined with natives, old as well as young, watching with curiosity and something of perplexity as the students with zest engage in athletics-a novel sight in Egypt. For the present this property is admirably suited to the University's needs, save that there is no provision for dormitories or for teachers' residences. The boys who come from outside the city have to find lodgings wherever they can–often where temptations are deplorably great; and the American teachers have no easy task to secure comfortable houses. As the University develops and funds accumulate, the college department should have its separate and larger quarters, preferably outside the city.

When the University opened its first department, the College of Arts and Sciences, in October, 1920, three hundred young men applied for admission, of whom one hundred and forty-two were selected to form a freshman and a sophomore class. The number of the applicants was not so surprising as the social standing of the families from which many of them came. Here were two sons of governors of provinces-the highest administrative position in Egypt except that of minister in the king's cabinet. Here were three sons of mayors, and four sons of judges of the Superior Court. Pashas are next to royalty, and beys next to them: here were twenty-four sons of pashas and beys. Young men from such families are bound in a few years to occupy places of high position where they will do much in shaping the future of Egypt; and the privilege and responsibility of educating them cannot be over-estimai:ed. The proportion of youths of rank and wealth has continued to increase as the college

'1'118 AME1UCAN uNTVBRS1'!'Y AT CAiRO

itself has grown to two hundred, the llumber which at p:r:esent is about all it is prepared to receive.

Another surprise is the number of Mohammedans who have come for enrollment. They are reluctant to enter a Christian institution, and have never formed over fourteen per cent of the young men in any mission school in Egypt; but in the University more than half the boys come from Moslem homes. One of them is the son of the highest official in EI-Azhar, and another the son of a leading sheikh in Tanta, that city to which more pilgrims flock than to Mecca, and whose religious festivals are notoriously foul. A prominent family in Jerusalem has sent two boys; and even from Mecca a fine, young fellow has come. "You from Mecca!" cried the teacher who received him, "how did you learn there about the University'I" "I read of it in a Cairo newspaper which we take." " And how do you come to speak English so well?" "I was taught it by my father who learned it of a pilgrim from India." "What is your father's occupation?" "He speaks several languages, and acts as a reconciler of disputes between pilgrims." Thus in many directions and by many ways the influence of the University is reaching out into the Mohammedan world.

The desire of fathers to give their sons a Western educati0n, and their recognition of the danger of a moral collapse if the boy is sent away to a European city for it, explain this remarkably large registration of Moslem students, and the friendly interest of so many Moslem leaders. It has not been promoted by any lessening or EGYPT fAN , TURKISH, ARMENIAN, SYRIAN, ARAB, AND JEWISH STUDENTS AT THE UNIVERSITY 3

camouflaging of the po~itive Christiall character of the school, which is in every way maintained, even though there is always a ready recognition of whatever is good in Mohammedanism. Bible study and ethics are part of the required studies throughout the four years. All students are obliged to attend the morning chapel service of Bible reading and prayer; and, be it confessed, in reverent demeanor and evident interest they are much beyond many American college men. A voluntary organization, called The Students' Union, does much the same work as a college Y. M. C. A., and furnishes opportunity for discussions-often full and free–of problems of morals and spiritual life. Probably the strongest and most helpful of all the religious influences is the daily contact of the teachers with the stUdents, which is unusually close and sympathetic, but at present, owing to the absence of dormitory life, is not as continuous as it otherwise could be.

Not long ago the king of Egypt, Fuad I, who has shown much interest in the University from its beginning, granted an audience to the president and others who wished to· tell him just what the school was doing and hoped to do. And in the conversation, which was quite prolonged, the king said, "Two things I wish you to emphasize. One is thoroughness; the present education in Egypt is largely mere memory work and very superficial; the other is character development; what Egypt needs more than anything else is men who have had the discipline and teaching that produce character and integrity. " Egyptian history, past and present, lends sad emphasis to these words; and it was a pleasure to assure the anxious king that the University is striving to do just that which he desired. Probably few of its Moslem students will become confessed Christians-the obstacles at present are almost insurmountable; but no boy can spend four years in the University without gaining a purer code of morals, new and higher ideals, and a recognition of opportunity and duty that will transform his whole after life.

The School of Oriental Studies, which is the second department of the University, was opened in 1921. Affiliating itself with the Study Center already mentioned, it took over the whole work of instructing missionaries in Arabic, and hilS each year between seventyfive and a hundred students sent by different mission boards. Moslem sheikhs conduct the daily language drill, while at the head of the school are such excellent and enthnsiastic scholars as Canon W. H. T. Gitirdner, Rev. Earl E. Elder and Rev. Arthur Jeffery. The School has a.carefully selected departmental library, and in every way is well equipp'ed for students who. wish to pursue advanced work in Oriental languages and literature.

University Extension is a third department, just beginning to be developed. Experiment has shown that large and eager audiences will attend popular lectures on science,health, education and similar SUbjects. Here is a most promising field for which one of the Amer-

i924j 'i'HE AMER1CAN UNIVERStTY A'f CAIRO

iean professors has specially prepared himself, and in which today the chief limitation is the lack of a hall large enough to hold at least a thousand persons. Such a hall stands almost first among the wants of the University. The creation of other departments should soon rome: it waits not for demands but for funds. Schools of agriculture, medicine, law, journalism, business administration, all are greatly needed in Cairo, and needed at once. Egypt suddenly finds herself an independent nation with the forces of modern civilization streaming in upon her. Her leaders must receive the Western education; and if the ChriRtian form of it is not made accessible, the non-Christian is bound to be established. The American University has done ·wonderfully well in three short vears to develop as far as its pr~sent stage. Though endorsed by several mission boards, it. has been supported almost wholly by private gi.fts, and must look to these for any future development. Just so fast as they come, the leaders of the University stand ready to go forward.

No better summary of the whole situation could be given than that made by the editor of the leading' Arabic daily paper in Cairo, himself an uncle of one of' the students, in a letter to Dr. ·Watson: "Anvone who studies the situa- GANUL-ES SAYYED MUSSALLAMI OF MECCA tion recognizes that Cairo is the center of thinking for the millions who com- A descendant of Mohammed-a student at prise the Arabic-speaking worl{]. Just the University now all that world is moving rapidly towards a renaissance: the spirit of con- tagious enquiry is abroad. Much that is traditional and false is being discarded.

What shall take its place Y I believe that you Americans can lead the way in this new era better than anyone else. I do not speak only of financial sup- port. I refer to ideals, moral and religious, social ancl economic. Our King Fouad I and every thinking citizen have repeatedly expressed their welcome to you and the University. We feel that if you Americans do not provide th~ reconstruction, it is not going to be done."

iVe have been proud that it was an American who discovered the tomb of Tut-ankh-Amen and unveiled its treasures, while all the world watched and applauded. But this little group in Cairo, whose work I have tried to describe, are Americans also, unveiling to Egypt treasures of which no Pharaoh ever dreamed. Shall we not likewise be proud of them, and give them our hearty endorsement and support?

1£ I Were a Young Missionary in Korea BY YI SANG CHar The writer is one of the oldest and most honored and useful of Korean Christians. The following address is the first he has ever been induced to make to foreigners and was given to the Language School students in Seoul, consisting of abont fifty new missionaries engaged in the effort of acquiring the Korean tongue.

T HE first thing ,to do is to forget that you are Americans, who are working among Koreans, and to be fully persuaded that we are all from the same Homeland, some of us having arrived in Korea and Home in America. "Ve are to work for the glory of the Homeland.

As Christians we are one. Our Heavenly Kingdom is above any earthly boundaries. Let us, therefore, not allow pride of nationality to be a hindrance to us in performing the work of the Kingdom. Even the Heavenly Kingdom must be militant and progressive, but its purpose is not to subject and to destroy others, but rather to bring help and salvation to all. In communism, those who have not, wish to take from those who have; but in the Kingdom of God, those who have go out of their way to give to those who have not. The reason for this difference is that earthly kingdoms are age-centric while Christianity centers its aims and efforts upon God.

My first advice to young missionaries is to emulate the older missionaries who have caught this vision of service. America is powerful and large, while Korea is small and weak. Our common membership in the KingdolU of Heaven is the only common basis on which we can lUeet; because it is natural for the powerful to look down on the weak, and for the weak to feel that they are looked down upon. Even in the Church there is something of this feeling due largely, however, to misunderstanding. Ecclesiastical trouble is due to the fact that consciousness of the Kingdom of Heaven does not, as yet, completely dominate the Church.

Consult the oldest missionaries; try to understand the Bible and to understand the Korean people. Put the Kingdom of Heaven first.

1924J A HINDU VIEW OF JESUS CHRIST

A HIND IT VIEW OF JESUS CHRIST M ORE than nineteen hundred years ago, Jesus Christ was . nailed upon the Cross by a Roman Governor. The orthodox Jews who instigated Pilate to commit this infamous crime, were no doubt satisfied that the great move- ment which Christ had set on foot had failed. Failed! It was Roman justice that failed; it was Jewish bigotry that failed. An empire which has ceased to heed the voice of justice and of humanity, and devotes itself to the pursuit of its own selfish interests, is like a rotten tree which awaits but the first passing blast to fall to the ground. The Roman Empire fell, and upon I' its ruins the Church of Christ rose to a great height of power. Today, though organized Christianity but feebly reflects the spirit of its Master, the personality of the Master Himself stands forth before all the world with a compelling grandeur.

Never before have so manv earnest minds of all races and creeds turned to Him for light and guidance in their perplexi- ties. The" number and insight of the new Lives of Christ are alone evidence of this fresh and deepened interest in His life and teaching. But the most impressive proof of it is that Mahatma Gandhi, a Hindu, has sought in the first time in history to apply the Master's teaching to politics as the best means of raising the people of India to a consciousness of their duty to "themselves and to humanity. Mahatma Gandhi, it is true, was "buried alive" under the order of authority. But a seed which is "buried alive" does not die, but gets the opportunity with- out which it cannot fulfil its purpose.

Mahatma Gandhi's movement has made the central teaching of Christ known and cherished in quarters to which a hundred years of the propaganda of Christian Missions had not been able to penetrate. And it has presented it in a form readily assimilable to the Indian mind. Not only among Hindus but among Indian Christians also are being revealed a new meaning and a new purpose in the message of the Galilean Prophet, not antagonistic to or destructive of their precious national heritage, but setting it forth in its full intrinsic worth and value. A Hindu becomes a better Hindu, a Mahomedan a better Mahom- edan, a Parsi a better Parsi by following his own ancestral faith in the master light which Jesus lighted nineteen centuries ago. He himself spoke of His message as a leaven which operates in and through the preexisting stuff of which each nation's life is moulded. Thoughtful Christian missionaries, we are glad, are coming to realize ,the need of recasting their old methods in the new light in which Christ appears today.-'l'he Indian Social Reformer.

IN THE TRAINING SCHOOL TEACHING ILLITERATE WOM~~ N '1'0

The Awakening of Chinese Souls Stori es of lVo'lnen ,in th e Bibk Tp,achers' Training School BY MARY F. PARME:NTER, NANIGNG, CHINA O NE of my duties-nay, one of my chief joys- is to talk person- ally with new students as they enter the Bible Teachers' Training School, and to hear from them the story of their lives. In this way one gets a wonderful glimpse into Chinese life, . also into the awakening of the sonl, and God's way of wooing hearts to Himself. You are invited to sit beside me, to look into the faces illumined by Him who" is Light," and to hear a few of these stories as these Chinese women tell them with unaffected simpllcity.

A young woman, in her twenties, with a strong face and a merry eye, tells the following story of her life: "MyoId home was two days' journey north of Peking. My father and his brothers with their families lived together in the country. Father became a Christian a short time before the Boxer uprising in 1900. At that time he had one child, a little son. .He often visited his pastor's home where he saw new conditions—the girls attending school and developing into fine young womanhood. He would return home and tell mother that he hoped this next litt.le one wou1d be a girl so that he could send her to scho01 and be the father of an educated daughter. A few months 1ater I was born. This baby girl received a welcome. When two years old, there was great trouble in our country and persecution for the Christians. Father went to see the pastor to consult with him about the situation. 'While he was gone conditions became so serious that mother deemed it best to 278

THE AWAKENING OF CHINESE SOULS

escape with my brother and myself. That very night father returned and slept in the home alone not knowing whither we had gone. His neighbors, fearing the consequences of having a Christian in their midst, told the Boxers of his whereabouts. Before daybreak they had murdered him. Mother was very bitter. She hated the neighbors who had betrayed father, and her heart was full of r evenge. She spent weeks making silver paper money to burn at father's grave in order that he might have sufficient money in the spirit world to take revenge on them. The pastor con- stantly visited her seeking to com- fort her and to lead her to believe on her husband's Savionr. After two years she yielded. We were farmers owning property, but after father's death his brothers, as is so often the case in my country, hegan devouring the widow's por- tion. When· mother saw her means of support diminishing, she re- quested of my uncles that they di- vide to her what was left of her share, allowing her to support her- self. This they did. So mother had to manage her own little farm, hir- jng a man to work the fields.

" As soon as we were old enough mv brother and I attended school rel:,~llarly, but there came a time when we had finished the school in our vicinity. 'Ve needed to go to Peking. How could A STUDENT mother afford this! Nothing daunted and determm~ ed to give us an The first Chinese woman in Fukien Prov· in ce to be licensed a8 a "local preacher"

education, she dismissed the farm hand and went into the fields her- self. When we came home for the long summer vacations my brother and I worked with her. In this wav we were both able to continue our education. Mother had become" a. verv ea.rnest Christian. The ladies in our church desired her to come to their Bible School to learn to read that she might become a Bible woman. Mother longed to do this, but if she left the farm we could not study. Knowing ~he cir- cumstances, I determined to go to my principal and ask her fat a scholarship in order to free my mother. It was not an easy thing to do. I prayed many days-I prayed about every detail-then went to the principal, stating the facts. She gladly consented. Mother left the farm and went to Bible School. God answered my prayers.

It was through this experience that I began to know God for myself.

"One day, later on, mother, brother and I were attending a con- ference held by the Bishop of our church. We did not sit together.

He preached on consecration-setting ourselves apart as holy unto the Lord for His service. At the close he had an altar service asking all who would make this decision to come to the altar. I went for- ward and gave myself wholly to the Lord for His service for life.

Then he asked all parents who would thus set apart their children to also kneel at the altar. Vlhen we arose from our knees imagine our delight to find that unknown to each other, mother, brother and I had all been kneeling at the same altar. Great joy filled me! From that hour there has never been a minute when I have not recognized myself as sanctified unto the Lord for His service. After graduating I taught for a time, after which God opened my way to take this training here where I am so happy and am coming to know Him so much better than ever before."

This young woman has since been graduated from the Bible Teachers' Training School, and has returned to Poking where she is doing splendid work, teaching the Bible. * *' :ji:.

In contrast to this student whose young life was disciplined by sorrow and hardship the following is the story of a girl from a large, wealthy official family. She is tall with a lithe, well-rounded, grace- ful figure, a face beautiful and expressive-reflecting the joy within -and most attractive in manner. She says: "My younger sister and I were educated in the government schools. Through the influence of Christians we were both converted and united with the Church. After graduation I was engaged to teach in a provincial girls' school. It was not until later on that I learned that my predecessor, because of the strong anti-Christian feeling of the principal, had not been engaged to return the second year. Upon my arrival at the opening of the school the principal presented me with the regulations of the institution for the faculty members. Two affected me as a Christian, so I frankly stated that I could observe all but two. Since I was a Christian I could not agree to those. It was too late to make changes so he replied, 'Well, say nothing about it!' I sought to Mve Christ in that school. One day a group of girls came to me and asked-'Why do you always look so happy, and why does your face shine soP I replied, 'Because Christ lives in my heart.'

They watched my life closely. Soon they desired to study Chris- tianity. Several of the teachers as well as many of the students pur- chased Bibles and began to study them earnestly. It was against the rules of the school to hold any religious meetings within its walls, so we gathered at a near-by mission chapel for Bible study and prayer, sometimes rising very early for this. As many as sixty enrolled their names in the Church as inquirers. I helped them to the best of

my ability, but I was only a young Christian. My knowledge of the Bible was insufficient to lead them farther than the 'first principles' of the Christian faith. I decided to leave and enter the Bible Teachers' Training School to study and thus prepare for service. The principal was uneasy because of tbis movement in his school. Letters of complaint from parents wer e annoying, hence he gladly released me. Soon after I left he called the matron and said," I want you to go to all the rooms of the girls, search for Bibles and bring them to me; I want to burn them.' The matron replied, 'I cannot do it, for I have a Bible myself and am studying Christianity.' He called a teacher and received the same response-then a second teacherbut all to no avail! .At last he commanded a servant to do it. When BIBLE SCHOOL STUDENTS STARTING OUT 'l'0 PREACH IN THE Cl'l'Y she brought the Bibles he burned them. Upon hearing of this the students were incensed, and went to him with great indignation saying, 'You had no right to burn Bibles which belonged to us.' They demanded a refund of a dollar (perhaps four times the cost) for each one burned. The principal r efunded the money. "

Such was the spirit of this young woman when she entered our school. vVe found her to be an excellent student, gifted and with marked ability and spirituality. She was graduated in June.

Before leaving, this young woman said, "I have felt the call of God to go where Christ is not named, but for family reasons I cannot ·go to distant parts of my country. I have found a market town about a day's journey by boat from my home. It is my purpose to Tent a house there and with a friend of like mind, ·and an older woman to chaperone us, to open a work ourselves. I will trust God for the funds. .At first we will open a half-day school for women,

visit in the homes, and then see how God leads on. My parents have given their consent. When one of my brothers, himself not a Chris- tian, heard of my plan, he said, 'Since you have such faith and zeal, I cannot do less than to help you now and then.' "

'"

Listen to the sad story of the next woman, who was the oldest in a class of thirty that was graduated last June: "I was converted when young, married a Christian man, and became the mother of two children, a boy and a girl. I lived in Anhuei Province, but my husband taught in Nanking University. While there he was taken ill with typhoid fever which proved fatal. When the word of his death came the friends feared to tell me-the young wife who was preparing to go to him–so they called a prayermeeting and during this little service gently broke the news to me. God wonderfully sustained. I taught in a mission school in my native place for thirteen years. My little son loved to pray, sing hymns and talk about the Saviour. Although a well, strong child, he was taken suddenly ill and soon went to be with the Saviour he loved. All· that was left me was my daughter. I centered all the affection of my heart on her. ·When she had finished the grade school I gave up my position as teacher and took her to Nanking to continue her studies. I acted as Bible woman there in order to be near my daughter. Her health gave out and after a lingering illness she was taken from me. My grief was almost unbearable. The neighbors feared that I would lose my mind, but God in great mercy comforted me; Jesus healed my broken heart and filled me with joy. Now I have the wonderful privilege in this school of further preparation for service. My heart praises my Sayiour! I rejoice in Him!"

'" '" '"

The fourth young woman is one who, during' her two years with us, endeared herself to all onr hearts by her genuineness, devotion, zeal and overflowing happiness. She received her diploma in June and has gone back to preach in her own province. This is her story:- "I was the youngest child and only girl. I had nve brothers. We never heard the Gospel until my father was taking a certain journey of several days on foot. The man who carried his load was a Christian. As they travelled along together the man told father something of this new religion, but not being satisfied with his own ability to state it clearly, a few months later he brought his brother to our home to show us more perfectly the way of life. We all gathered in my little country home and listened eagerly and attentively to the gospel story-but none more so than Brother Number FivE.!. He fairly drank in the words! As he heard that Christiam had schools he asked that he might enter one and thus hear more. So with the consent of our parents these men took him to a town a few miles distant where he entered a mission school.

J924] THE AWAKENING OF CHINESE SOULS

"After a few months my oldest sister-in-law became very ill. 'rhe family worshiped idols and practiced many heathen rites in order to save her life, but she died. Then Brother Number Five was brought home from school sick with the same disease. He refused to worship the idols and besought the family not to use the methods that had proven useless for the sister-in-law, but to call upon the true God. He did not die. During his long sickness I loved to sit at his bedside as he told me of .Tesus and of salvation through Him. I was converted at that bedside. I had a nephew just about my age in the home. I brought him in to hear, and he, too, accepted Christ. We three children were very happy in our newly-found Saviour, but none of the older members of the family believed at that time.

STUDENTS SELECTING MATERIAL TO USE IN THEIR EVANGELISTIC MEETtNGS "In our home was a very dear aged grandmother, greatly respected and revered by all. A few months later she passed away. According to the custom of my country she mnst have a great funeral with no end of idolatrous rites and ceremonies. When all the family reverently worshiped her as she lay in her coffin, we three children absolutely refused. This incurred the fierce anger of father. It descended more especially upon the head of Brother Number Five. Father said to him: 'You are not my son-all I ask of you is to return me the number of pounds with which yon came into the world.' This was very hard for a truly filial son to bear, but he quietly slipped a,vay and returned to his school. 'rhis left nephew and myself to stand alone. According to custom a month later all must worship at grandmother's grave. Nephew and I made ourselves scarce that day. our absence not being specially noticed. Another month came around and we tried the same plan. This time we were not so successful for

mother caught on to our ways, but when we stood true to our convictions, refusing to worship, she let us off with a severe scolding.

"Later on all the family became Christians. I was allowed to go to school. I am so grateful to God for so wonderfully saving me -a child in the country where not even the name of the Saviour had been heard-that I can but give my life to tell the Gospel to others who sit in like darkness."

* Another girl says: "I was educated in government schools, was self-sufficient, selfrighteous and hated the Christ,ian religion. I held a fine position as teacher in a government normal school with a salary which was ample to satisfy any Chinese lady. r had lost all faith in idols and did not believe in the existence of a God. Through the quiet influence of a Chinese young woman, herself an earnest Christian, a number of our students became interested in Christianity. The Principal, fearing the Board of Education who were exceedingly anti-Christian, looked to me to help counteract this influence. Christians sought in various ways to lead me into the truth, but it seemingly only aroused a spirit of animosity within me. Nevertheless I could not get away from the question-'Is there a God~' In my soul there was great unrest. One day as I was accompanying some of our students on a boat on the 'Yang-tze River, and as I beheld the beautiful landscape before me, there was revealed to my soul the existence of a Oreator- God. I knew that He was the Ohristian's God. From that day I believed in God, but not in Ohrist. I felt no need of a Saviour. I read the Bible, enjoying the portions that I thought resembled the writings of Oonfucius, but not caring for the doctrinal parts. However, the more I read the Bible the more I realized that a great deal of it had not yet entered into my life. By refusing to accept any part that I could not understand I shut myself from its most blessed teachings. I grew more and more unhappy-and to my heart there came a great yearning to know the whole truth. One day as I was reading about Peter walking on the water, Christ's rebuke to him, '0 thou of little faith, wherefore didst thou doubtf' was spoken by the Spirit directly to my own heart. I was deeply convicted of the sin of unbelief. I knelt and told the Lord that I would believe the Bible whether I understnod it or not. I received Christ as my Saviour. Rest, peace, joy filled my being. I soon knew that I could not remain in the government school; God called me to spread abroad the knowledge of Him to my own people."

It is not strange that the Spirit of God marvelously opened up His Holy Word to one who had promised to believe before she understood. During the five years since her conversion she has borne much fruit. She is teaching in a Bible School, is greatly used in evangelistic work, and is one of the editorial staff of a helpful and

'!'HE AWAk:8NJNG 0]' CHINES:8 SOULS

splendid magazine published by a small company 1)f consecrated Chinese-pastors and teachers-who are seeking to build up the Chinese Church. **"

We can only tell one more of these soul histories. It is a wonderful story of a girl of rare beauty, with clear' olive skin, and a sweet, lady-like beariug. She says: "My father is an official in Chekiang Province. Mother died when I was very young leaving two children. Father married again. I studied in my own home but afterwards was sent to a mission school for girls. While there I confessed Christ and united with the Church without consulting with my parents for I knew they would not give their permission. Of course they learned of it, and the consequence was that I was not permitted to return to school at the close of the next vacation, but had their permission to attend Church on Sundays. Later on Miss Dora Yii came to hold a series of meetings. As she preached Christ crucified I was' deeply convicted of sin and made a full confession. Previous to this time I had loved Christ for the beauty of His character and life, but had not realized that He had died for my sin. How I loved Him as I saw Him crucified' for me! I resolved to live Christ in mv home and shine for Him as I h'a.tt not done before. , With this change there began bitter per- secution. I was forbidden to attend Church. I spent Sundays alone in my room studying the Bible and praying. Moreover father decided to betroth me. He chose a good young man from a fine family, but since he was a heathen, I would not give my consent. This greatly grieved my father who loved me deeply. He considered me unfilial. This was hard to bear. When he found that I was not moved he sent for brother to come home to persuade me. Brother said, 'Sister, I know something of the Christian religion. It is right for you to worship God with your spirit for He gave it, it belongs to Him, but your body belongs to your parents who gave it to you, and you ought to obey your parents with your body. Our parents are distressed over your disobedience.' As he presented this argument in a moment of weakness I yielded and consented to the betrothal. In a few days all were making preparations for a grand heathen wedding. My heart sank within me. I could not bear it! 'l'here was left to me bu't one resource-God! I made my prayer unto Him; I besought Him to work out my deliverance. Through family matters in the home of my fiance God wonderfully intervened. My wedding was postponed that spring and again in the fall.

Then God began to speak to me about preaching. He spoke first through Acts 6: 14. 'We will give ourselves continually to prayer and the ministry of the Word.' As His call became clear I knew I must have preparation, so I asked my stepmother if I might go to the Nanking Bible Teachers Training School. She not only refused but was very angry. The way seemed closed. The Lord

spoke again through Gal. 1: 15, 16. '1 conferred not with flesh and blood.' Also through Heb. 11: 8, 'By faith Abraham ….. went out, not knowing whither he went.' As I prayed I felt that I was to leave home and go to school without the permission of my parents. 1 arose very early one morning, and leaving a letter for father in which I thanked him for all he had been to me, told him of my call and purpose, saying I must obey God, 1, too, went out not knowing whither I was going. I did not even know the ,'lay to the station, but in the court 1 met a servant who took me without question. I went to the home of a missionary friend, but the next train brought a servant with a message from father ordering me home. 1 felt that 1 must obey but two Christian friends went with me. Father was very angry and utterly refused to allow me to attend Bible School. vVe three decided to go to our knees and remain there until he yielded. Finally he consented for me to return with my friends with the promise that if my fiance gave his consent for me to go to Nanking he would withdraw his objections. 'Within a short time my fiance heartily agreed. I made all arrangements to go, but my father would not allow me to leave the house. He even offered to send me abroad to study if 1 would abandon my purpose to go to Bible School, but 1 was not moved. The call of God was upon me. Again my only resource was God. I decided to fast and pray until father gave permission. 'When this news reached brother he speedily came home, this time to persuade my father! He said to father, 'While sister's going to Nanking is the same as burying her, yet if she is kept at home it will also mean her burial.' Father was thus persuaded. No daughter of his should be helped by mission funds, so he agreed to pay all expenses. I took the train for Nauking escorted by brother and uncle! On the train brother said to me, 'Sister, as 1 see how you have suffered, and have come out from home with only these '-pointing to my one trunk and roll of bedding, -'how you have given up wealth and all the worldly advantages that were yours, in order to follow Christ-I am convinced that the Christian religion must be true!"

This young woman has "gro,vll in grace and in the knowledge of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ." She was a power for God in the school, giving abundant evidence by life, words and works that she was truly called by Him. She was graduated in January, 1923. A month later she was mightily used in leading a great revival in a large city, at which time many Christians were quickened and blessed, and many were converted. She received invitations to conduct similar services in other places, but felt the call of God to go 110me to seek to lead her family to Christ. Word has already been received .of the conversion of her stepmother who had hitherto most bitterly persecuted her. Her heart is truly filled with a love for souls and a passion to win them to Christ.

Indians in Bolivia and

BY REV. WEBSTER E. BROWNING, PH.D.

Educational Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America nA.recent inclusive trip of some eight months through the re- publics of South America gave a renewed opportunity for the study of the condition of the Indian tribes, especially in the far interior of Peru and Bolivia.

The work being done by the evangelical churches of the United States, on behalf of these simple children of the soil, is slight in extent, but many indications reveal an unusual opportunity for advance. 'l'wo situations that were specially noted are to be mentioned in this article.

The Seventh Day Adventists carryon a work among the Indians who live on the borders of Lake Titicaca, in Bolivia and Peru. In a large district, where no other evangelical body has as yet planted its work, this society has built up one of the best instances of constructive missionary education for the aboriginal population that can be found in South America.

Lake Titicaca lies up in the high Andes, at an altitude of almost 12,500 feet above the sea, and its waters are always near the freezing point. The entire region round about is bare and cold and cheerless. Yet this immedate district is the center of two or three millions of Indians who are the descendants of the once powerful races over which the Inca chieftains ruled until the coming of the Spaniards in the sixteenth century. Many of these Indians have been received into the Roman Catholic Church, and by it are claimed as loyal children; yet it is but a baptized paganism which has come to them and in times of stress and doubt the simple heart of the native turns to bis pagan divinities and he bows down and worships them. One who has traversed these bleak upland plains cllnnot wonder that the Indian, from time immemorial, has looked upon the sun as his god and that even yet, in spite of a veneer of Christian teaching, he considers it his principal deity.

The Adventist missionaries have undertaken a work in this I'egion that has already done much for the material and spiritual uplift of the Indian population. This work is divided into the usual educational, medical and evangelistic departments, but this short statement can treat of the first only.

The latest statistics state that seventy-eight schools have now been established, with a total registration of 3,700 pupils. The majority of the teachers in these schools are Indians who have been trained under missionary direction, and Qne whiteman to every ten or twelve natives acts as instructor and superintendent. The build- 287

ings are of the most primitive and simple construction and in most cases have been erected by the pupils themselves, who have thus learned practically something of the art of building. In one case, ,yhen labor was lacking, sixty-five teachers who had gathered at .fuliaca, on the borders of Lake Titicaca, to attend a normal institute, undertook the work themselves and carried the construction of the building to completion.

In these schools, in addition to the instruction in ordinary branches and in the Bible, much stress is laid on industrial training, and carpentry, black-smithing and farming are taught in a practical manner, under trained teachers. The whole region is being helped and government officials who are familiar with the situation are loud in their praises of the work that is being done. Recognizing that the lndian has had much of mystic teaching from the dominant church of the country, which has done little for his uplift and which is generally beyond the comprehension of his childlike mind, which has been further deadened by the use of coca leaves and the lack of sufficient food and clothing, the missionaries have endeavored to give him that industrial training which will benefit him physically and materially, but have not omitted the instruction which has to do with the soul.

One worker of this mission has now gone down into central Peru, a tropical region which is peopled by savage tribes who fear the white man and, as a rule, lose no opportunity to attack him, and has opened his work on the banks of the Perene River. One baptism is reported and the missionary, who is a physician, :finds a ready response to his efforts.

A second situation to which reference may be made is that which exists in the region contiguous to the ancient city of Cuzco, Peru, which was once the center of the Incan Empire and is distant a day's journey in train from Lake Titicaca, and the work already referred to.

The Indians in this region, who have been unusually exploited by both priests and politicians, are now openly declaring that they are done with Christianity as they have known it and are determined to return to their primitive pagan beliefs and practices. Some of them have heard of evangelical Christianity and have sought to obtain teachers and preachers, but in vain. The missionaries of the Evangelical Union of South America, which is a British society, have a small but very efficient hospital and clinic in Cuzco and an industrial farm at a near-by point. Yet they are unable to answer the calls that come to them from the great region round about and unless they are reenforced or help comes to them from another source, it is altogether probable that in the next few years we shall have to witness a wholesale lapse of the Indian popUlation into its pagan practices. The frontispiece photograph shows a group of 108 Indian chiefs, each of whom is the representative of a village or small tribe, who came more than a year ago in a body to solicit

JA..1VlES 1. GOOD~ENLARGER OF THE I<INGDOM

help from the missionaries in Cuzco. They stated that they could get no protection from the Government against either the priests or the local politicians and, as a last hope, they had come to the evangelical missionaries. Here again they were turned away, since no workers were available to meet their l'equest for teachers and preachers who might instruct them, and they went disconsolately back to their villages and little farms with the message to their people that from no source could help be secured. Unfriended, helpless, exploited, they must watch the daily encroachment of the white man on their ancient domain; the increasing arrogance and neglect of the official church from which they had hoped to secure redress, and they are doomed to go down into the darkness of death with no adequate knowledge of that Christ of Whom they have but vaguely heard.

When will the evangelical churches of the United States awaken to an appreciation of their responsibility for these millions of fellow Americans who are as utterly pagan and as distressingly needyphysically, intellectually and spiritually-as the lowest and most llIiserable of the peoples of Asia or Africa?

James I. Good-Enlarger of the Kingdom BY ALLEN R. BARTHOLOMEW, PHILADELPHIA, P A.

secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in the U. S.

N Oone can estimate what the death of Dr. James T. Good, Pres- ident of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in the United States, means in loss to the Church and to the cause of missions. For thirty-one years this man of God stood in the forefront of our missionary work. His was a unique entrance into the circle of our Board of Foreign Missions. He had not served any apprenticeship as a member of the Board, but at its very first meeting, after his election by the General Synod in the year 1893, we chose him as our president. And what a wealth of faith, wisdom, patience, devotion and zeal he brought to his high and sacred position in the Church of his Fathers! His soul was all aflame with the sublime passion of winning the world to Christ.

His sudden death in Philadelphia on January 22d, has cast a cloud of sorrow' over a wide circle of Christian fellowship. This was brought out in the addresses at the funeral services and in the many messages of sympathy. He was a minister of the Reformed Church, but the ministries of his long career and his broad catholic spirit were spent in binding together and strengthening the churches whose doctrines, worship and government were alike. He was especially active in the American Section of the Alliance of Reformed Churches. In this "relation he became deeply interested, during the past five years, in a self-sacrificing ministry to the stricken pastors 14

and people of the Reformed family in war-smitten Europe. Only the recording angel in Heaven can tell of his unceasing labors in gathering funds and clothing for the needy and bringing comfort and joy by letters of sympathy and by personal visitations to Poland, Bohemia, Hungary, Austria and other devastated countries. The name and influence of Dr. Good today is as great, if not greater, in Europe than in our own country.

James Isaac Good was born in York, Pennsylvania, December 31, 1850, the son of Rev. William A. and Susan B. (Eckert) Good. He spent his youthful days in Reading, Pennsylvania, where his father was principal of a select school for girls, pastor of several congregations. in the vicinity, and the first superintendent of the Common Schools in Berks County. The son was a graduate of Lafayette College, 1872, and of Union Theological Seminary, 1875. He was licensed by Lebanon Classis of the Reformed Church in the U. S. in 1875 and held pastorates in Heidelberg Church, York, Pennsylvania, 1875-7; Heidelberg Ohurch, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1877-90; and Calvary Ohurch, Reading, Pennsylvania, 1890-1905.

In connection with his last pastorate, he served as professor of Church History, Dogmatics and Practical Theology and Dean of Ursinus School of Theology. Upon the union of Ursinus School of Theology and Heidelberg Theological Seminary under the title of Central Theological Seminary, Dayton, Ohio, he became professor of Reformed Church History and Liturgics, 1907-24. He was Pres- ident of the General Synod of the Reformed Ohurch in the U. S.

1911-14, American Section of the Alliance of Reformed Churches, Vice-President of the World Alliance of the Reformed and Presbyterian Churches, and honorary member of the Huguenot Society of Pennsylvania. He was President of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in the U. S., 1893-1924.

He was a prolific author and a frequent traveller to Europe. His contributions to the historical literature of the Reformed Ohurch will make his influence a perpetual presence in the minds and hearts of our pastors and people. The primary object of his many visits to Europe was always in search of new treasures to enrich the history of the Church of his Fathers. On account of these labors of love. he has made all the churches with Reformed ancestry heavy debtors. His intense interest in the historv and doctrines of the Church of the Reformation made him zealou~ in helping young men to prepare for the Christian,ministry. Hundreds of pastors are now serving in our own and other churches, due to his liberal contributions. Truly, he was a recruiting servant of Christ and deserves the title "Enlarger of the Kingdom."

Doors in Latin

BY H. AND S. B. STRACHAN Organizer of the Latin America Evangelization Campaigrr T HE majority of the ninety million people of Latin America .are still practically unevangelized, for they are still without an adequate knowledge of the Gospel of Christ. The present missionary forces are pitifully inadequate to the great task of evangelizing these masses. For example, in Colombia there is only one Evangelical missionary to 225,000 people. Of the total missionary force of thirty men and women, twenty-two are concentrated in three large centres, with a population of 250,000. It is a physical impossibility for a man to evangelize hundreds of thouf-ands of people, scattered over an immense district, with a mule as the only means of transport. Even where work is fairly well manned only a small fractie)ll of the people is being reached, largely because of the prejudice fostered by the priests against what they term a foreign and heretical religion. The growing atheism in Latin America and the gross superstitions of the masses are both antagonistic to the progress of Christianity.

Our recent missionary trip of one year through the greater part of Latin America was undertaken with a view to making a survey of the situation and of planning an evangelistic campaign among these unreached millions. We travelled over 30,000 miles in Central America, the West Indies, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina. We had abundant opportunity to see the situation at first hRlld both in occupied and in unoccupied territory. The mission stations, widely scattered, are but pin points of light in the vast darkness which covers the continent from Mexico to the Magellan Straits and from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Noone who has seen conditions in Latin America will contend that Romanism offers adequate light to relieve that darkness for both in doctrine and in practice it denies fundamental truths of the Christian religion. r1'he moral, spiritual and intellectual inheritance of the Latin American peoples from four centuries of Romanism is conclusive evidence that her light has not dispelled the darkness.

The problem of the evangelization of Latin America has never been handled in any adequate way. After what has been called" an experiment" of from fifty to seventy years, the evangelical membership of all denominations is only a little over one hundred thousand. The work has been too great for the missionary forces employed even jf the resources at their command had been more adequate to the task imposed upon them. Take for example, the six Central American republics which have an estimated popUlation of 6,000,000 that pres- 291

ent today a harvest field ready for the reaping. Guatemala has over two millions of that total with about fifty missionaries, men and women, or, one missionary to every 34,000 people. The remaining four million Central Americans have one missionary to every one hundred thousand. The whole situation from the point of view of adequate occupation of the field is tragic. Moreover the fact is that as a rule the missionaries grouped in certain areas, so that large territories, with hundreds of thousands of souls, are entirely unreached.

Everywhere the doors are wide open to Christian workers. The intelligent classes repudiate the superstitions of Rome, but they have nothing to take its place. The poorer people gladly hear the Gospel when they have the opportunity. People who will not under any circumstances go to the ordinary mission hall or church, will come to places unassociated with religion, to some neutral ground, as for example, tents, theatres, working men's hall, the public plazas, etc. In such places the message will have an unprejudiced hearing. Evidence of this was seen at Barranquilla in Colombia (the most fanatical of all the ;Latin republics) where the special meetings were inaugurated by a meeting in an open air theatre, the first ever held in Barranquilla. Despite the fact that there was only one day in which io organize the meeting and make announcement of it, a crowd of over five hundred people came. The majority of them had not heard the Gospel before, but the order and interest were all that could be desired. Many of the same people attended the services in the church on succeeding nights and a number manifested their desire to accept Christ their Saviour.

This experience was repeated in other cities and it was invariably found that after once hearing the Gospel, there was no difficulty in getting people into a mission hall. In one city where a union service on the Sunday morning attracted some twenty people to the preaching ball, a meeting in the public plaza that same afternoon, (the first that had ever been held in that city), had the effect of crowding the place to its utmost capacity to hear the simple presentation of Christ as the All-sufficient Saviour who not only died to save men from the penalty of their sin, but who lives to save them from its power.

Surely the time has come when some serious and adequate attempt should be made to preach the Gospel to these multitudes and the missionaries are practically unanimous in the opinion that the time is fully ripe for a campaign of aggressive evangelism on a large scale. Some such movement is the only solution of the problem of evangelizing the unreached millions of the American continent.

As a result of the survey trip above referred to we have been led to organize the Latin A.merican Evangelization Campaign, which, as its name indicates, undertakes to carry out such campaigns of evangelism throughout Latin America.

MBTHODS

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBERG BUILDING, PHILADELPHlA., PA.

MISSIONS IN THE COUNTRY CHURCHES A statement issued by Roger Babson, wizard of statistics, brings the information that a study of two hundred of the greatest business con- cerns of America reveals the fact that 300/0 of them were made successful by sons of ministers. A large majority of the thirty per cent were sons of poor country preachers. If a similar study of great missionaries and supporters of mission work were made it would likely reveal the fact that more than 50% of them came from the farm and the little country church.

See the lad lying amongst the braeberries upon the bank of a stream that flowed close by his father's Highland cottage, nestled beneath the shadow of the Grampians. It was there in the open country that Alex- ander Duil', farmer's son, dreamed his dream and saw his golden chariot drawn by horses of fire and heard the voice that bade him "Come up hit.her; I have work for thee to do."

Turn your eyes to a farm in Canada. See a group o:f boys splitting large rocks for the :foundation of a barn. Note the sturdy little :fellow who, after the others are ready to quit, insists that" the big one" yet left be split before they go in, and with enthusiasm leads oil' into the woods to bring in more logs and brush to burn around the great stone for the rock-splitting process. Here in the open country George Leslie Mackay formed the purpose which led him to Formosa, to break the seemingly unbreakable rock of the island's heathenism.

Look down the line and see a little Pennsylvania girl, dressed most properly in her Sunday clothes, walking dOlVn the road from her father's big white house to the little rural church for a Sunday afternoon mis- sionary meeting, which was to be addressed by a returned missionary. TJook again thirty years later to South India and see the Kaiser-a-Hind medal awarded by the British Government to Dr. Anna S. Kugler for distinguished service.

A barefoot country boy has learned his lesson o:f stewardship so well that he takes a penny out of his dime and gives it to missions and then puts another penny in the basket, for his offering. A few years pass and a business man of New York says to his pastor, "Count on me for $250 more this year for the Lord's work. I've had a $2,500 inerease in salary and I'll add a thank-offering above that for some speeial work."

Many chapters of the history of missionary achievement have their beginning on the farm or in the rural church.

THE AUTOMOBILE Al'I'D MISSIONS There are yet missionary leaders who Years seem to be required to lift us pray the Lord to open the doors to out of ruts of thinking and talking. the non-Christian world because their 293

fathers and mothers so prayed, all un- directions for decorations says" arti- conscious of the fact that the doors are ficial palm branches may be made now open. by-" is but one instance of failure So it is that we still talk about the to adapt plans to the terms of one's impossibility of getting together for a own resources.

missionary meeting in a country Do not discard a method of work as church. .As a matter of fact almost impractical until you have studied every farmer has an automobile, or a r,arefully the possibility of adapting it.

horse and buggy. The farmers' wives MISSION STUDY IN THE COUNTRY and the farmers' daughters are learning to drive the automobiles. Fortu- CHURCH nately the farmer doesn't have to have the automobile to plow or harrow. A young college student became The work on the farm doesn't have to greatly interested in Mission Study. stop if his wife or daughter takes the Such a thing as a Mission Study Class car to go to a missionary meeting. had never been thought of in the Along the way automobile-less neigh- country church from which he came. bors may be picked up. An ever-in- For months the pUlpit of that church creasing mileage of good .roads is had been vacant, as it frequently was, helping to make possible larger as- due to ever recurring dissensions and semblages in the rural community. divisions. The student was not an es- We need to readjust our thinking and pecially brilliant man. He was rather to test our .reasons and see whether slow of speech. No whirlwind camthey are merely perennial excuses. paign would have considered him, but he had conviction, determination, per- A field worker who has spent recent sistence and faith. He was convinced months in work among rural churches that the doors of his church should says. "I am convinced that the impos- not remain closed simply because there sibility of getting together for a mi,,- was no pastor,and that at least the sionary meeting in a country church young people might meet together for is an attitude of mind handed down mission study and worship. He defrom one generation to another." termined that he would help to ar- range for such meetings. He met all Let us make new plans with new rlifficulties with persistence and faith. conditions-good roads, automobiles, Each Sundav he went back home from telephones, radio before us. college for the Mission Study at the ADOPT, ADAPT, ADEPT country church. A program of wor- Some one has said that the three ship was planned in connection with words whieh explain the marvelous the study. Soon almost the entire con- growth of Japan's power and influ- gregation was in attendance. The ence, since that nation began to adopt little group that was really doing the western ways of thought, are adopt, study work made plans for presenting adapt, adept. the chapters in different ways to en- Leaders in rural churches may be list the interest of all the people.

similarly adept in adopting and adap- The closin~ day of the study came ting the various methods used success- and with it plans for an all-day moot- fully in city and town churches. ing with "dinner on the grounds."

Sometimes the substitution of a Two missionary leaders were invited candle for an electric light, or the to be present~one to speak in the flowers and ferns of the mountains mornin/! and the other in the after- for those of the hothouse is an advan- noon. It semed that the time had tap:e rather than a disadvantage. come to give an opportunitv :for the ex- The tragedy of making artificial pression of impressions. The mission- palms for pageant decoration in a llr~' gifts of that congregation'had been land.of waving palm trees with a veri- n(,gligible. The chief effort heretofore table wilderness of natural branches had been expended in protestations an around, simply because the printed that the assessment or apportionment

1924J BEST METHODS

for missions was entirely too high. to the other side of the world and others who would be missionaries and Deficits were always to be expected. missionary work.ers at home.

The young student prayed and Another school teacher who had a delightful village home with a lawn planned that the support of a native shaded by great trees invited a group of teen age girls to spend an hour with pastor in Japan might result from this her on her porch or lawn every Sun- day afternoon for eight weeks. The class. In advance of the meeting he invitation was eagerly accepted and under the trees during the summer prepared a calendar chart showing months a group of eight girls studied 365 days. ~~t the morning meeting, " Comrades in Service."

following an inspiring address, a state- ment was made about the need for native pastors. The cost of support for such a pastor' was announced as $1.25 a day. Different individuals as- sumed a day or a week. The student THERE IS SOMETHING IN A NAME who was living most economically to help himself through college pledged A new school teacher moved into a a month's support. Soon the entire rural community. She didn't move in amount was assumed. A new day as a revolutionist. People scarcely dawned for that church. Instead of realized that she was making changes trying "t.o get out of" paying an as- until they were made.

sessment levied tbo'vgetht eindteon"otmheinpartiiovin~ The boys and girls who lived in the effort was" scattered farm houses stretched out lege of assuming a share in the work along the five miles between the coun- in which they were interested. try schoolhouse and the church in the In another community a school little, village, said it was absolutely teacher in a mountain district decided impossible to walk to the church for ~hc would have a Mission Study Class the monthly missionary meeting, but for boys and girls. She had attended everyone was enthusiastic when the a Summer Conference and had become teacher proposea a Saturday hike with very enthusiastic over Mission Study knapsacks and provisions for an out- possibilitie,:;. To keep the enthusiasm door meal along the way. The teach- aglow back in her lonely mountain er with the boys and girls nearest the district was a difficult task. No one schoolhouse started out in the morn- there knew anything of missions or ing and were joined by other eager mission study. The children came boys and girls from t.he various farm from remote ·sections. There seemed honses along the way. By a spring no chance for a snecial assembla!1'e on the outskirts of the villagc they after they had once /rone home. To fried bacon, scrambled eggs and roast- popularize "staving in aft.er school" ed potatoes. At two o'clock they were seem<'d an impossible task. but !'the ac- at the church ready for the missionary complished it. Sbe announced that meeting. A walk would have heen evel'V one who wOllld stay after school tiresome. A hike was a treat. Once could be in the Mission StudY Class. a month when the weather was good and learn Rbout pl10ple who lived on thev were ready for a similar hike the other side or the world. Most of with three Saturdays each month left the boys and girls did not know anv- for other things. '

thing- about the Deople who lived on RECRUITING GROUNDS the other fide oi' the mountain even. The great search today in all im- portant enterprises is the search f01· Thev were soon fascinatf'd with the men. Some- time al<o Charles M. Schwab announced that the onl;v quesother side of the world. Pel'Severin!>'- tion to be considered bv his company in openinlt a new plant was-men. lv the tell.~her kent at her ilifiicult tllsk Sites. be said. are always to be had. Money can always be m'ade available. with faith to believe that Rome dav there would come from her clear-eyed boys and l!ir1.~ of the mountains. men and women who would themselves go

The real question is, ean the men be The church was filled to the doors found to make the plant successfulT with men and women and a few small In both home and foreign mission children. On the front seat at every enterprises also the real question is session there sat a little boy with keen -men. Given the right sort of men brown eyes. He seemed never to tire and they will lay hold of all the re- of the discussions or the addresses.

sources of God and of their fellowmen. When pictures and curios of other The best recruiting ground for mis- lands were displayed he was all eager sionary leadership is the country attention. During the announcements church. We do well to study especially of missionary literature he noted es- recruiting methodB ill the light of con- pecially one book for sale and left the ditions in the country church. ehurch to go to his home near by to PLANNING MISSIONARY ITINERARIES. empty his savings bank to get money to buy that book. The visit of a returned missionary to New York or Chicago or San Fran- Today a careful review of that concisco is not a matter to excite general gregation reveals not a single man or comment or interest. Missionaries woman whose life was known to have of distination have even been known been greatly changed by that meetto speak in these and other great cities ing, but that one boy has given his to almost empty pews. life to Christian service and is now a pastor and missionary leader of in- The coming of a returned mission- fluence. ary to a rurlll communi.ty is an entire- Iv different matter. The fact that A SUBSTITUTE MEETING. Have you ~isits from missionaries are rare adds ever tried a substitute meeting? Inimportance to the occasion. The stead of missionaries from various event is discussed before and after it~ lands, appoint substitutes to represent occurrence. There are seldom any them. Make a team of substitute miHvacant seats. Ther<! are among us sionaries as speakers. Mrs. A. is as~ those who will never forget the day 011 signed to represent some missionary which the first foreign missionary we from Africa, Mrs. B. may be a we;lhad ever seen came to our little rural known doctor of China and so on. church and challenged us to lift np Speakers are expected to study the our eyes and look upon some countr.'~ work most carefully and to be able to that had previously had no place in nre&ent it from the standpoint of the missionaries whom they represent. the world of our interest. Such a team of speakers may go to Do not leave out the country church several churches for a series of meet- ing-s. Attractive announcements and when you plan missionary itineraries. invitations may be made stating the It may not be possible to have mis- universal desire to have certain wellsionaries or secretaries visit each known missionaries present, and the church. Often members from the faet that they will be represented by churches of an entire county may be substitutes, who will present their gathered for an all-day meeting. work. Frequently a grou'!) of churches may join in such a meeting. Sometimes a On the program announce: missionary rally for boys and' girls of :MiRS Blank-substituting for Dr. Ida a rural community may be arranged. Scudder. Often the most lasting as well as the Mr. Blank-substituting for Sam Higgin· most far-reaching influence or a mis- bottom, etc.

sionary visit is with the boys alid girls. COUNTY OR COMMUNITY CON- In a little country church in the TESTS south, twenty years ago, a missionary day was arranged as part of a synod '8 MISSIONARY EXHmITS AT THE COUN- program. No one had thought in TY FAIR. Some counties have fairs terms of the children oj' the com- that are creditable, and worth while.

munity. They may be made more worth while

BEST MEl'HODS

by the presentation of exhibits by to do so, donating a book on each various missionary agencies. Posters, birthday. eharb, and maps, giving interesting facts should be displayed. A large The books, of course, should be map of the world with a small electric chosen or approved by a committee light, or a flag placed to show the sta- in order to make a well balanced lition of each worker from the county brary. or community, who has gone into missionary service, is valuable. Pictures Often there are individuals who will of the work being done, and booths of donate missionary books to the Sun- different lands showing curios and ob- day-school library if some one will jects illustrative of life and customs keep them informed from time to time add greatly to such an exhibit. Poster of the new books that should be addcontests should be announced before- ed. There are almost no country hand in various periodicals and churches that have really worthwhile churches. missionary libraries, yet here lies pos- sibility for influencing lives in a way A Cmmty Missionary Reunion. A that can scarcely be overestimated. number of counties and communities have held successful reunions, most of A pastor of a rich city church said which have been in the form of a sum- rec~ntly, "We are very much limited mer pilmic with addresses in a park, in our outlook. There are only a few picnic ground or an auditorium. children in our entire congregation."

Special features may be: Why not invest in futures-in the boys and girls in some country con- 1. Missionary music led by a good gregation that has no adequate library director. by supplying them with worth-while booksf 2. Presentation of missionaries and addresses. MISsroNARY PERIODICALS. "I should like to give Everyla,nd to a large num- 3. A pageant or a,number of short ber of boys and girls in mountain dis- dramatizations. tricts, " said a woman in a School of II'Iissions. What an opportunity for 4. A missionary story telling or dec- service! A magazine in the name of a lamation contest. There may be spe- child who receives little mail means cial missionary games and stories for every word read eagerly. In thinking groups of children. of the children who will playa large part in the world's future, think not The preliminary contests may be only of those who are in homes of carried on all the year. A story con- we~Ith and power, but of Mr. Bab- test, for instance, may be held in each son's ·statistics on the obscure origin local church with the understanding of men of great affairs. that the winners may enter. for the county or community finals. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD should have a far larger circu- MISSIONARY LITERATURE IN THE lation in rural communities. At a convention attended largely by dele- COUNTRY CHURCH gates from country churches, there was a feeling of "no use trying to If a missionary library is essential take subscriptions to the REVIEW here. in a city with large public libraries Country people will not subscribe." near at hand, it is doubly necessary in However, sample copies were dis- the rural community. Each church played, an announcement made and may have its own books or there may almost thirty subscriptions received. be a community missionary library. If a thorough systematic effort were made to circulate the REVIEW in rural One library was started by each churches, a liberal course in mission- member of a society donating one ary education would result. . book. The books thus obtained were circulated among all the members. A Do NOT OVERLOOK: THE COUNTY Birthday Library may be maintained by each member, or as many as care

PAPER. Almost unrecognized and un- ally disappear; if the people do not used as a missionary possibility has want jazz music, it will be discarded; been the county paper, yet it is doubt- if the people do want magazine seC- ful whether any other periodical has tions they will be added; if the peo- a higher ·average of circulation, in a ple do want grand opera it will community and a more thorough and replace the jazz orchestra-that is, if interested reading. Certainly few the people will say so. editors are 80 easy of access as are the editors of county papers, and few If a sufficient number of consumers columns so open to the people as are say that they would like to have at a the columns of these weekly sheets. certain hour each week a missionary address on a certain subject, the pro- Each denomination should have a ducers are likely to arrange for that publicity representative. These rep- address. resentatives of the evangelical chu,rch- es of the community may form a Is there an almost undreamed-of publicity committee. possibility here ~ In the coming year all the churches of America will be To the bare notices of meetings, studying the various races and China. items of larger meaning may be added. Cannot arrangements be made that a Is a Thank-offering meeting to be an- course of radio lectures be given dur- nounced T Add to it the total amount ing the periods in which the largest of the Thank-offering of the society or number of classes are to be held? An- church last year; tell what the entire nouncement could be made long denomination gave as a Thank-offer- enough in advance so that in the most ing; comment upon the work accom- isolated country home equipped with plished by the Thank:offering-a radio, the lectures could be heard. hospital built in India, a school maintained in China, homes established in Every Hour oftheU many lands. Is there to be a Mission Study Class begun or concluded? Use Somewhere' the opportunity to give publicity to Your Church some of the most interesting facts pre- is sented. The study of each chapter of "The Debt Eternal" as presented 'W'hM:pan~ ,.o..a p,. lO ha~ "'" with special reference to community conditions would furnish interesting ,_ ~ ' $I(I~ mmure-.$600 an items for publication. b.,ur…,.u M:CdoJ to kt'r tbt W~ During the course of a year a num- WOl'k oftN~ ~ ber of missionaries may visit various churches. Invite the editor to dine ~ IMJ.B " – N'I J~4· TMa.C" » Ma,t with them as they come and go, or a ~minlow"'»,~ ~ . have the missionaries call on the editor. If in addition to the information which the editor may glean in an interview the missionary hands him a sheet on which he has written some of the important facts about his mission, world condition:;; and international relationship8, there is yet a larger possibility of better space and more accurate statements.

WHAT DOES RADIO OFFER? .A POST ER OJ' THF; C ONGREGATIONAL C H URCH ES, EXHlJ3ITED AT THE I NDIANAPOLI S CONVE~TION "What the people want" is the deciding factor in what business concerns offer. If the people do not want colored supplements they will eventu-

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY COOPERATION IN STATES AND best method yet devised for securing cooperation in Home Missions. OTHER AREAS The deputation visitors and the From the report of the Committee for 1923, local missionary leaders divided into Lemuel Call Barnes, Chairman. six teams and visited various sections of Northern California, partly by rail In June and July a deputation vis- and partly by automobiles, starting ited Southern Idaho, Northern Cali- June 22 and returning to San Franfornia, Oregon, Western Washington, cisco June 29, where reports and allo- Eastern Washington and Wyoming. cations of responsibility were made. In Idaho arrangements had been made by the President and Secretary of the A conference of one day was held Idaho Home Missions Council, which with the Western Washington Home had been organized a year and a half Missions Council, which was organized earlier by an entirely independent in connection with a visit of a depu- Idaho movement, the Council having tation some years ago, and which has an admirable constitution, officially been active ever since, going so far in endorsed by nearly all the leading de- its early life as to make an allocation nominations in the state. These of respoI,!sibilities throughout most of brethren had. divided the deputation, its area. That feature of its work, along with state administrators of however, had not been closely followed missions, into five teams, and had ar- up, and the brethren assembled deranged for public meetings every eve- cided that there should be are-study ning, in the places visited from June of the field similar to those now being 10th to 19th. A state missionary lead- made in other states. er was chairman of each team, which. acted as a committee, and brought in A study, showing church provisions reports and recommendations. After in 573 places of 1,000 population and careful discussion, allocations of re- less is as follows: N[;MBER 0'- CHURCHES TOTAL With Without Places Population None Five Four Three Two 07l'e Churches Chwrches 70 1,000-500 13 1 1 7 17 31 57 13 239 500-100 143 0 0 2 13 81 96 143 264 100-10 223 0 0 1 0 40 41 223 573 1,000-10 379 1 10 30 152 194 379 sponsibility were made by the Council A ('onference of one day was held throughout Southern Idaho. with leaders of Home Mission work in In Northern California there has the Inland Empire (which includes been a comity committee for some Eastern Washington and Northern years, which grew out of conferences Idaho), and they voted to create an convened by deputations of former organization, lind appointed a com- years. This comity council, on its own mittee to consummate the same. They initiative, has recently reorganized requested that a deputation visit their itself as the Home Missions Council of area later for the purpose of allocat- Northern California, adopting as its jng responsibilities in the expansion foundation, the" Principles" adopted and prosecution of Home Mission by the Home Missions Council of work.

Montana, in 1919, and declaring that An interdenominational Home Mis- the "EVERY – COMMUNrry Service" sion organization, growing out of pre- plan!! adopted in Montana seemed the vious deputation visits, had ceas~d t9 ~9p

function so completely that the breth- have any semblance of competition, ren voted to organize a Home Missions but that 66% of all the places tabu- Council for Oregon and took meas- lated are without religious provision ures to that end, but to leave the ques- of any kind. Precise figures have not tion of a deputation visit, for the been gathered in any other state, but purpose of allocating responsibility, it is the opinion of the deputation, without action at present. after traveling over great portions of The deputation met state leaders in the three states studied at large, that Western Wyoming, July 12, Teams similar .facts exist throughout the were made up for visiting the state, Northwest. We believe that more than which came together again the eve- one half of the neighborhoods which ning of JUly 19, when it was voted to have more or less community life of form a permanent organization. The their own, are without any regular report of a committee on principles of religious ministry, and great numbers organization was adopted, the" Prin- of them without any religious minis- ciples" being substantially those of try whatever.

Montana and Northern California. A We recommend that the national date was fixed for completion of or- Home Mission boards also make a ganization and allocation of respon- study of the situation in respect to sibility. 'fhe National Home Missions rural communities where there is now Council was requested to send a rep- but one evangelical church, with a resentative. at least annually. view to concentrating effort so as to The spirit of cooperation is greatly make that church more efficient.

reinforced, as compared with former Recent study shows that more than years. The leaders of all denomina- 1,300 churches throughout the North- tions at work in these areas are far ern Baptist Convention are in com- more active in a cooperative direction munities where there is no other than formerly. A large factor in the evangelical church. The standard progress is the new spirit of service adopted was that of the United States which is replacing the spirit of de- census, counting as rural everything nominational aggrandizement. under 2,500 population. The Western There are not a few serious in- Washington study took 1,000 popula- stances of overlapping, concerning tion as the standard. A recent Meth- some of which there is hope of early odist Episcopal study takes 10,000 as correction, by conference of those im- the standard. If the facts could be mediately involved. Concerning many gathered on some uniform standard, others, the overlapping is far more they would show the vast field already serious in appearance, when stated in occupied without any competition~ figures, than it is when studied in the We recommend that a campaign be field, because many of the churches inaugurated, calling the attention of enumerated are either of foreign- the churches supporting the mission- speaking groups, who are not yet fully ary enterprise to two things: First.

Americanized, or of sporadic sects, the large number of neglected fields; which do not cooperate in general second, the large number of fields al- movements of the Kingdom of God. ready occupied without competition; The instances of overlooking are so and that endeavor be made by each of much more numerous than those of the denominations, to establish at least overlapping, that the great stress of in each state, one new strong occupa- Home Mission activity must be in tion of a field now occupied by no one, meeting the unmet needs of the peo- and to strengthen greatly, for demon- ple. For example: The remarkable stration purposes, at least one church table prepared by the Western Wash- already existing as the only evangel- ington Home Missions· Council shows ical church in the community. .

that of the small places which have We also urge that the growing sense any church, 78% have only one of local obligation for work be culti- church, leaving but 22% which could vated and that no tendency be en-

WOMAN;S HOME MISStON BtJLLETIN :lO1

couraged to turn to national boards to do it soon, others have adopted the for work which can be done better by essential plans and principles, and the field itself. still another is asking for a similar movement at an early day. In other We have traversed great stretches words, this very delicate and difficult of sparsely settled country, where undertaking-sectarian readjustment there is no hope, in the near future, of -has, in less than a dozen years made establishing churches, in some of them positive, intensely practical, organic even Sunday-schools, but where a vital advance in a solid block of seven Gospel ministry may be provided states in the northwest section of the through colporteurs or other itinerant country, with yet another continguous workers, however designated, and we state farther east asking for it. When recommend that in fields allocated to this situation in the Northwest is denominational responsibility, some coupled with the entirely distinct provision be made for that kind of achievements in a similar direction by house-to-house ministry so as to reach two New England states, and by a every home within the field of respon- number of cities, while others are apsibility, at regular and frequent proaching it, your deputation is conintervals. Your deputation was con- vinced that the endeavor to secure vinced by observation that the Home sYl;ltematic, coordinate, practical coop- Department of the Sunday-school can eration in Home Missions, in place of be used to great advantage in such haphazard and sometimes eompetitive action, is as sure as the riRing of the sections. sun. It is obviously imbedded in the We find seyeral somewhat distinct providential order.

forms of interdenominational state The deputation haa scarcely reached Home Mission organizations and be- New York when overtures were made lieve that any organization desired by by leaders in North Dakota asking the state forces, which does not en- that a similar study-visit be made in deavor to become a court of rulers, that state. We are now informed that but rather a conference·of brethren, all the leading denominations wish it may be made efficient. Our convic- and it is expected the coming summer. tion is, that the spirit of Christ in the state administrators is the supreme THE MIRACLE OF SPRING solvent of all problems. After the dead leaves falling, Deputations have now demonstrated After the winter's snow, the cumulative value of pushing with After the March wind's blowing, patience as well as persistence. Near- Deep irr the sod below, ly twelve years ago a deputation vis- Things that in sleep were dreaming, ited all the far western states, holding Seeds of a life now past joint conferences with state leaders, Stir with a life renewing to face the facts together. Ten years Under the stormy blast. ago substantially the same deputation visited selected states for more extend- God, overhead, is keeping ed conferences and the initiation of Always his watchful care cooperative endeavor. Four years ago And never a springtime faileth one of these states asked for the very Its blossoms of incense ,·are. definite undertaking known as the The bitter within the tree trunks "EVERy-COMMUNITY Service Endeav- Is sweetening under the sun, or. " The movement was then for a And under the lash of the north wind time greatly retarded by the disap- Upward life forces run. pointments connected with the swift plans of the Interchurch World Move- God knows it will soon be summer. ment. Even so, it has come to pass He knows that the winter is gone, that three more of the states, previ- That his smile will melt the snowdrifts ously visited, have now fully inaugu- For the flowers to feast upon, rated the "EVERy-COMMUNITY Serv- And he that is faint and weary And he who is winter-worn ice Endeavor," two others have voted May know that his south wind bloweth The cold from his Easter Morn.

-Alwe Amelia Flagg. EDITED BY MISS SARAH H. POLHEMTJS, NEW YORK A NEW UNION ENTERPRISE she shrank from having her name The Margaret Williamson Hospital given to this work, and it was with is now under a union committee of difficulty her friends persuaded her to four women's Boards-the Women's let it stand. The hospital will al- Missionary Co.uncH of the Methodist ways bear the name of Margaret Wil- Episcopal Church, South, the Amer- liamson, and its work will always be ican Baptist, the Woman's Board of evangelistic and evangelical, for those the Reformed Church in America, and are the terms upon which it is now the Woman's Missionary Society of being contributed to by the Women's America. Missionary Union for the larger work. The Hospital is nearly forty years old and we like to think of her his- In 1883 Dr. Elizabeth Reifsnyder went to China as the first medical mistory in decades. M. That history began, we do not know sionary of the Woman's Union 1S- sionary Society. Dr. Reifsnyder could have made a brilliant success in her just when. The thought and plan profession at home-she gave her life were born in the heart of a noble freely to the cause of Christ among woman, one of the charter members of poor burdened Oriental women and the Woman's Union Missionary So- children, and it became a brilliant succiety, Margaret Woodsworth William- cess in China. Dr. Reifsnyder built son. Mrs. Williamson, whose maiden the hospital and became its superin- name was Margaret Woodsworth, be- tendent. The funds employed for the came an orphan when she was a small building and maintenance were partly child. Her early life was not an easy Mrs. Williamson's first gift, together one, for she lacked money for com- with a bequest in her will for this forts and the education she craved. work, and partly the generous con- Perhaps this is why even from early tributions of Chinese friends whom years her heart was always going out Dr. Reifsnyder interested in the pro- to those who were sad, or needy, or ject. To this g90d doctor's skill and alone. She became a dressmaker and splendid executive ability, her un~ir­ a successful one. Her sweet nature ing work, and, above all, her devotIOn and utter unselfishness endeared her to the Chinese and to the cause of to her customers, who gave her friend- Christ in China, is due, in great meas- ship and love. lUre, the success of the hospital.

It is good to know that after the After ten years the hospital had years of struggle, she married a man grown and outgrown its first bound- who adored her and made her very aries so that new wards were added.

happy. But in the midst of happiness Thousands of women had received and easy circumstances she never lost healing for their bodies within its the habit of self-denial that she might walls; thousands had heard the Gos- have more to give. She gave every- pel of Life through the ministry of where and with a royal hand. One of the Bible women and the missionaries her gifts was the money to found Mills in dispensaries and wards. In the Seminary, now Mills College, the one dispensary in 1894 there was Ii daily institution exclusively for higher edu- average of over ninety-three persons cation of women on the Pacific Coast. who came for treatment, to say noth- In 1882 ]frs. Williamson gave the ing of the well ones who accompanied sum of five thousand dollars as a them, so that the opportunities for nucleus for the building of the hos- giving the Christian message were pital in Shanghai. In her humility great. The tenth year also marked 302 the arrival of Dr. Emily Garner as wards and maternity, and of over Dr. Reifsnyder's a8sociate. 50,000 in the daily dispensary, during The hospital grew steadily during the year. The receipts in China for the second decade of her history in that year were equal to about eight influence and usefulness, in oppor- thousand dollars in gold.

tunities to make Christ known, and to The report just received states that lead women one by one to Him, and throughout the year 1922 the capacity in the development of native financial of the hospital has been taxed. No support. In 1898 the main building one needing treatment has been was destroyed by fire; only two wards, turned away because of lack of funds the operating room and a small to pay the ward price of thirty cents amount of beds and bedding were a day; but many with funds to pay saved. All books, records, drug-room would not enter because of no empty appliances, drugs and surgical sup- private rooms. Seven private rooms plies, all bedding and some new iron will be added to the capacity of the beds went with the building. The hospital when the nurses training dauntless staff began to work as soon school moves into its new dormitory as possible, dividing the Wells Wil- now under construction.

liams Ward, which had been saved, Efficiency has been increased by with temporary board partitions, thus the installation of a telephone system.

making a place for the daily patients. The increase in number of nurses has During the year that immediately fol- provided better care of the patients.

lowed the fire, 341 persons were ad- The clinics now number seven: sur- mitted to the wards and over 26,000 gery, medicine, dentistry, oto-laryn- dispensary patients were treated. The gology, ophthalmology, gynecology, disaster called forth a wealth of sym- and pre-post natal. Twice a week pathy and kindness on every side. there are also special vaccination clin- Scarcely had the building burned be- ics. It has been difficult to care prop- fore a subscription was started by the erly for so many clinics in a few leading daily paper of Shanghai, and rooms. There is great need for a dis- foreigners and Chinese responded pensary building.

generously. Before the close of the A wonderful ambulance, pushed at second ten-year period, Dr. Reifsny- stern, pulled at bow, bumps along the der was writing in her report, "The streets~ violating all speed laws, at the hospital is not large enough to ac- rate of one mile an hour, casually roll- commodate all who apply." The ing a prospective ruptured appendix greatest need was for a separate build- or an imminent prospective mother.

ing for the increasing number of ma- In addition to the need of a motor am- ternity cases. The report for the bulance, the hospital's most glaring twentieth year shows that 45,700 pa- needs are for a building containing tients were treated at the dispensary private rooms for medical and sur- and nearlv 700 in the wards. Fees gical cases, tubercular wards and chil- and contributions received on the field dren's wards, and a dispensary were over four thousand dollars in building. gold. The 'evangelistic work in the dis- It was during the third decade that pensary, wards, private rooms and the long-hoped-for Maternity Build- homes has been carried on faithfully ing was completed. This was a beau- with much prayer and faith by Miss tiful building that was made possible Mary Irvine and the Bible women. A by the bequest of Miss Emily Stevens Chinese Home Missionary Society of Princeton,- New Jersey. At the with its members from among nurses, close of the thirtieth year from the doctors and servants, has permeated time our first dispensary was opened its enthusiasm and devotion through and foundations for the hospital laid, the hospital. The hospital, in addi- the annual report mentioned an at- tion to the ordinary medical services tendance of over 1,000 patients in to the community, has been privileged

to assist in "Better Baby Contests" forth with the message of Jesus Christ, and the coming for one year of Dr. the Great Physician of Souls. l<-'lorence Kraker, Professor of Clinical Obstetrics, Women's Medical Col- We shall need to pray mor8–not lege of Pennsylvania, is making it less, for the work. Prayer will be the greatest need, as it always has been, possible for the hospital to offer short and the greatest of our resources. And courses of special clinical work in ob- as we pray let us thank God for this stetrics to young Chinese women doc- new opportunity, and ask Him to tors. guide us still and lead on to greater things than we can dream. The hospital is about to incorporate and to open a medical school for Chi- PERSONALITIES nese women on the Margaret Williamson Foundation at China New Year By MISS CARRIE M. KERSCHNER time, 1924. One new building for the medical school has just been com- There have been many articles, even pleted and another is about to be books, written on Personality-whetherected-the latter is given by the er it is born in us or whether it may Methodist Episcopal Church, South, be acquired. You have sometimes aB a part of the Belle H. Bennett shaken hands with a person and have Memorial. had to look long and hard into his eyes to see if there was anyone there. The new Board in America has as Then again you have shaken hands its fir&t Chairman, Mrs. Henry W. with others and have had to look Peabody. Other women's boards hav- pretty hard to see if you were there. ing mission work in China hope to Emerson says "Every institution is unite in the project. the lengthened shadow of a man." From another source we quote "Per- From this time we hope to make the sonality is the distillation of our daily Margare.t Williamson Hospital a cen- needs. It is the silt on our souls left ter for training Christian nurses, who by the passing over it of millions of shall go out not simply as vocational workers, but as evangelists of the thoughts and acts. It is the flavor of Good News of Christ. Working closely with the American Section will be our lives." Dr. Frank Crane says a China Section of the Board of Di- "We enter into this world as separate rectors, resident in Shanghai, com- personalities; hard and irreducible posed of the executive members of the personalities; our life's problem is to staff of the Training School, and combine with others." strong evangelical Christian women of the community, both Chinese and A mother wonders why her child is foreign. The Margaret Williamson petulant or selfish. She insists she has always warned her against being Hospital will still be a hospital; it so and has taught her more altruistic will still minister to thousands of standards of action. The trouble is Chinese women and children, offering that the mother's life has taught anas always, :vith physical help and heal- other lesson. She herself has been ing, the ministry of the Gospel, but it petulant and selfish. That was the will also be a school. It hopes to train flavor of her life; and her child has many evangelistic workers, some as been thus flavored. Christian trained nurses, others to become specialists in obstetrical work, To give things to people may leave such workers being one of the great them much as they were before; but needs of China; others to go out as to have personality to bestow-raditeachers of hygiene in public and ant-triumphant-contagious – that private schools, thus helping in the not only changes circumstances, it great problem of public health, others changes men. Said a girl to a woman still to help in the problem of eradi- one day, "May I sit down aside of cating tuberculosis, a greater scourge you 1 You give me such a nice feel- ing. " in China than in America-all to go It is said of Francis Xavier that "Sometimes when the brothers were

1924J WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

sad, the way they took to become hap- launched a new force where we may py was to go and look at him." hope to interest a greater number of women. And in our mIssionary ad- Christ said "Come ye after me and dresses; in tl1e presentation of vital I will make you." It seems to me facts, and statistics to our audiences; that we have been dwelling too long in our efforts to increase the circulaon the latter part of the verse which is tion of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF "fishers of men." The important fact THE WORLD and our own denominais that Jesus was the one who was to tional magazines; in our Summer take the disciples and do the making. Schools of Missions, all of which are So He will make everyone into some- mediums through which more interest thing useful if we give Him a chance. may be aroused, our Christ-fired per- "When God would move men, He first sonality will win. It is not an easy moves one man" and so in our mis- task set before us. Victorious personsionary leaders we have the "moved" ality is not the fruit of cloistered men and women upon whom falls the piety. It can be achieved only on the responsibility to "move" others. field of battle after hours of prayer and preparation. As a result of one How to develop more power among such truly Christ-fired personality we women and how to interest a greater have recorded the baptism by the number~ We have heard much since Spirit of thousands at Pentecost. The we came here on right relationships history of every great Christian with the nations of the world. Where achievement is one of answered do we stand on right relations prayer; and the story of the Chriswith the peopl~ who may appear com- tian religion and the spread of the monplace right around us ~ Do we go Kingdom through the missionary enabout "seeking" as our Master did? terprise is the story of personality in- The Master's specialty was folk in fluenced by personality; rebirth conwhom nobody else could see much stantly the product of the reborn. good. Simon Peter, the woman at the ,'Come ye after me and I will make well, the woman taken in adultery you." have become unforgetable characters since Jesus met them. Only by His Do You Know EVERYLAND! insight, His appreciation, His patience, His undiscourageable faith in A Most Interesting Magazine of human possibilities did He transform World Friendship for Boys and Girls them. And so our women by the transforming Spirit of Christ will pnbli~hed by the themselves receive power and pass it Central Committee on· the United Study of on to others. Foreign Missions. Alice Freeman Palmer was once re- Editor–MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY proved because she did not do more Associate Editor-MISS LUCILE GULLIVER lecturing; to which out of her passion for personal service, she replied: "It Department Editors is people that count. You want to MISS MARGARET T. ApPLEGARTH put yourself into people; they touch other people; these, others still, and MRS. HOSMER BILLINGS so you go on working forever." MRS. E. C. CRoNK Our source of power is Christ; He is the well that never runs dry. The Publication Offl.ce: (West Medford), Boston, One who supplies the power after His Mass. spirit has come upon us to become witnesses unto Him. Editorial Office: 300 Ford Building, Boston, Mass. If it be true that we have not been able to interest mllny women because Good Things in EVERYLAND for April we are presenting our missionary enterprise in terms of 50 years ago, we The Guardian of the Chulpa. Willis K. .Tones see in the Vassar Institute about to be Garments in the Way……………… ..

5 · ………… Margaret T. Applegarth Alice iII Search of Wonderland ………. .

· ………….. Minna McEuen Meyer 'I'he Little Brothers of Spina ………… .

· ………………. Ruth Mason Rice Gloria and the Wicked Frog …………. .

· …………………. Estel Critchie l'lveryland Exchange …. Katharine 8. Cronk Grandmother '8 Story Page ………. _… .

· ………………. Lucy W. Peabody

fROM MANY

INDIA busy streets. There are over 50 dif- Gandhi Freed from Prison ferent Protestant denominations and I T is not clear, the Continent thinks, missionary institutions at work in the that the release from prison of the city. non-cooperationist nationalist leader of India, Mohandas Gandhi, marks Training Indian Leader.

M the beginning of a new policy on the ISSIONARIES of all denomina- tions realize that the training of part of the English Government toward India. The immediate cause Christian teachers and leaders is one of his release was his ill health, based of the pressing duties which face the on advice of physicians who said it Church in India. Each year some would take him six months to regain 6,000 adult converts and about 10,000 his health' under most favorable COll- children of Christian parents are be- ditions. Gandhi has been a very ing baptized in the missions of the tractable and quiet prisoner, and has Church Missionary Society in India endeared himself to many by under- alone, making now a total of 270,000.

taking menial tasks in the prison. It Many of them cannot read or write, is said that he has spent much of his and unless the Christian Church leisure time reading the Bible. makes a big effort they will remain ignorant and the children will grow Christianity and the Masses lip untaught. The one way out is the SEEING the work of Christian mis- raising up of a big company of Chris- sionaries among the 60,000,000 tian Tndian teachers. Boarding outcastes of India, one of the Nation- . schools are being established where alist leaders declared: "After all, pi<>ked boys and girls can be sent for when it comes to practice, Christianity more intensive teaching than is posalone is effecting what we nationalists sible in a village school; from these are crying out for-namely, the eleva- "vocational" schools some of the pupils will pass on to a teachers' traintion of the masses." ' ing school, and after a time of prac· Calcutta-That Great City tical experience as a teacher (perhaps as the only teacher in full charge of a I N Calcutta, there live 1,327,547 village school) they will come back souls, of whom 854,582 cannot read for still further training. It is a or write. In all the creeds are 43,- colossal task! The congregations in 680 Christians, including, approxi- India are mostly poor and it is beyond mately 25,000 Europeans. In 1921 the power of Indian outcastes to pay 386 infants died out of every 1,000, for Christian education; that for the while for the citv 39.3 was the death present must be undertaken by misrate with onlv a·17.1 birth rate. Cal- sionary societies.

cutta uses 5i" varieties" of tongues, and more! THE Calcutta is India's Greatest Port; A New Leper Settlement India's Great Banking Center; India's United Free Church of Scot- Great Industrial Center; and (omit- land has authorized its Madras ting Burma) India'8 Oil DiBtributing Mission Council to comply with the Center; the home of the beautiful urgent request of the Government of Jain Temple, the famous Kali Ghat, the Madras Presidency, and under- and many other great places of inter- take the management of the new est. Cows and goats run loose in the institution at Tirumani near Chingle- 3015 put for the care of Indian lepers. The might work be turned over to the in- Mission to Lepers has agreed to pro- digenous Church, and to what extent vide the salary of the Missionary might work be reduced or eliminated T Superintendent, and the cost of the "There were some tense moments," rest of the settlement will be borne by writes Miss Marion A. Beebe of Henthe Government, including the sal- zada, "when reduction of work dear aries of a medical missionary, a ma- to the hearts of SQme was considered, tron, and probably one or more nurses. but that there would be an increasing There are 400 leper patients now in support of the work by the indigenous a leper asylum in Madra:; who will be churches was felt by all. When they transferred to the new settlement as were first asked to undertake the sup- SQon as it is opened, and it is intended port, of the 11yingyan field, they felt to provide eventually for 3,000 lepers. that it was too great a burden, but The leading government officials have upon hearing that the Mission had repeatedly expressed their conviction voted to close the educational work that the new institution must be there, a committee asked the conferunder missionary control if it is to ence to defer action till they might achieve the best results. Government, make some arrangements for carrying they have said, can finance such un- it on." dertakings, but they cannot give to them that tone and spirit which is Indian Mission for Tibet such a no~able feature of mission institutions. THE National Missionary Society of India has responded to the Boy Scouts Help an OuteRste challenge of Tibet, and proposes to follow in the footsteps of men like Ap ATROL of high-caste Indian Sadhu Sundar Singh, who has of late scouts from a mission school of made Tibet his special field of labor the Church Missionary Society found during certain months of the year. a poor woman of the lowest caste on While the Sadhu will not become the roadside dying of influenza. Many identified with the work of the society, people had seen her and passed by he has consented to select two suitwithout helping; it would have been able missionaries whom he will guide against their caste to have done SQ. on tours in Tibet and other Hima- But to the scouts it was a matter of layan states. When not on tour, these humanity, and they at once carried men will make their headquarters in her to the hospital. The hospital re- Sabathu in the Simla hills, where they fused to take her in, but the scouts can continue to work among the hill stuck to their work, and at last got tribes. The new effort starts in April, the police to help them. When asked and, proceeding without the complexto write their names, the patrol leader ity of organization and equipment refused, saying that scouts do not ad- that generally marks the advance of a vertise their deeds. 'Vestern missionary society, will take up the task of introducing Christ in Baptist Proolems in Burma what has been one of the most inac- cessible parts of the world. AT the annual meeting of the Bur- ma Baptist Missionary Confer- CHINA ence held in Rangoon late in 1923, and having as its motto "Christ's American Mission in Tibet Leadership," 130 of the 180 missionaries in the field were present. With THE Christian and Missionary Althe news from home of no increase liance workers on the Kansuin appropriations, and even a request Tibetan border report the occupation to seek readjustments to reduce ex- of Paongan in Tibetan territory, a penditures, the chief problems before place from which workers were driven the conference were, to what extent out a few years ago, but where the attitude of the people is said to have

greatly changed. They continue: "In Disturbed Condition. the Chinese work several properties hav.e been secured for outstations in THE secretary of the China Inland market towns near the different cen- Mission in Shanghai, who is in ters. The school work has been very close touch with their workers all encouraging, especially along the line over the field, wrote in a recent letter: of self-support. The girls' and boys' "I never remember a time when the industrial work is fast gaining a political and military conditions have market, and all they can produce out- seemed so hopeless as they do today. side of school hours has a ready sale. Civil war and prevalent lawlessness The boys' rug-making industry, a new are ruining the country and there venture this year, has been a decided does not appear to be anyone capable success. The grade of work is high of dealing with the situation." The for beginners, and so far they have following is said to be typical of connot had to look for a market outside ditions in a number of plaC!es: of this vicinity. The girls' work on the native linen is meeting an in- We have been through the worst time ever creased demand down country. Both known in W–. The retreating armieB de· girls and boys have shown this past scended upon us, numbering 100,000 men. year an increased interest in the It was terrible to watch them, tired and things of God, and we look forward bedraggled. They just poured in. Every to having many of these trained house, large and small, has been filled, and young people as future evangelists, people have had to turn out every corner teachers, and Bible women." for the soldiers. All the big wayehouses around us have been nlled. Only the houses Literacy Cam.paign in China where foreigners live have not been billeted with soldiers. They have behaved as badly DR. TAO CHIH-HSING, of the as they eould, taking everything from the , National Education Association people.. For nearly twenty miles around the of China, has been conducting in An- people have had all their rlce, Wlleat, cows, king, province of Anhui, a popular pigs and vegetables taken, and their women education campaign, of which the folk outraged. All the pigs have been killed, N ot·tn China Herald writes: "The even the tiny ones. All the big shops have goal of this movement, 100 per cent been turned into stables. The large wood· literacy, while a very long way off, yards have been cleared and what the sol· has been brought into the range of diers do not burn tbey sell to the people. possibility. according to the opinion The strain is terrible and the tales appalling. of not a few of the leaders who have taken part in Dr. Tao's campaign. Destruction in Kwangtung Mass meetings attended by some 3,000 students and others were held in the DR. W. H. DOBSON, superintend- Episcopal Cathedral at which Dr. Tao ent of the American Presbyterian outlined the plan for teaching illiter- hospital at Yeungkong, Kwangtung ates the .1,000 characters. If the Province, after describing the descheme fails it will not be due to its struction of near-by villages, continlack of simplicity for it is based on ues: "This sort of a tale can be rethe "get-one" plan. Every person peated in many parts of this region. who knows characters is supposed to Ruined villages, uncut crops, vacant teach another and this new one an- fields, starving women and children other and so on till everyone can read. running from place to place, chased The final touch to the publicity of by bandits, night and day attacks on this campaign was given on Sunday other villages, traffic and business at when the students of 72 schools pa- a standstill-is it any wonder that one raded miles of streets carrying ap- sickens and tires of these tales when propriately inscribed banners urging we are so helpless to do for these peoupon every. one his duty to help pro- ple in the absence of a stable governmote the cause of popular education. " ment T It seems that soldiers from Canton had been promised to protect this region, and were daily expected when the U. S. S. AS'neville hove in sight. All sorts of rumors were start- ed when it was known that American

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

soldiers had arrived. The brigands Presbyterian mi:,;sion in Peking, often retreated to a safe distance, and the calls at the home and tells about the villager:,;, taking heart, defended problems she meets with in her evanthemselves and killed a number of the gelistic work. After telling these difbandits. But no Cantonese soldiers ficulties, she is sure the next time she have yet arrived; the schools are not calls to meet with the query, "Is your open; few stores are doing any busi- friend that we prayed for last week ness; and the hospital i:,; full of any better' , ? In one case a newcomer wounded and sick. But our church reviled the home and all its occmservices are crowded. "-The Conti- pants. It seemed impossible to keep nent. her in the place lest she harm the other inmates. But Miss Gowans sug- Borden Memorial Hospital gested that they all pray for her. Standing in the courtyard, her arms DR. and Mrs. George King write about the termagant to prevent her from Lanchowfu, Kansu, of the harming herself or anyone else, Miss growing work in the hospital there Gowans began to pray and all the old which bears the name of William Bor- women joined in. Soon the excited den: "Never before have there been newcomer grew quieter, and her comso many opportunities here. The old panions say her temper is much imsuperstitions are being broken down proved ever since. to some extent. This past spring has seen every ward and room in the JAPAN-CHOSEN women's hospital occupied, and as many as thirty-five women and chil- Honors for Christians dren in at one time. The men's hospital, too, has been filled. Our little THE influence of Christianity upon rudimentary Leper Home has had six the national life of Japan was lepers at one time in it. There is now recognized as on a parity with that of a class of fourteen medical students, Shintoism and Buddhism in a series of or 'appreutices, ' all but three of whom religious conferences held in Tokyo are Kansu boys. We hope that they (Feb. 20th and 21st). The Associated in their turn will carry the Light far Press rep.9rts: Premier Kiyoura, in afield. They all have the opportunity, an effort to raise popular morale from and, we hope, the ambition to become the depression into which the earthhealers of bodies and souls." quake of last September plunged it, summoned the chiefs of the principal Peking Old Ladies' Home Buddhist temples, Shinto shrines and Christian churches. The Buddhist PEKING has an "old ladies' home," session was held one morning; the maintained entirely by Chinese Shinto session the same afternoon and women who have patterned it after a the Christian one the next morning. home for friendless old women started many years ago by foreign ladies in A similar conference was held in the city. Although the directors are all ]912 by Mr. Tokonami, th1m Japanese heathen, they realized, says The Con- Vice Minister of Home Affairs. The tinent, that their home could not be a Premier, in addresses directed to the success without a Christian woman three meetings, emphasized the spiritat its head, so chose for their matron a ual havoc wrought by the earthquake, member of the native Presbyterian recalling that the Emperor found it Church. The result has been really necessary last November to issue a remarkable, for in the three years this rescript warning his people not to woman has been in care of the place deviate from their patriotism and nearly sixty per cent of her charges their faith in Japan's future. "Dehave become Christians. spite this," continued the Premier, "regrettable tendencies persist, in- These new Christians believe in cluding mockery of the religion and prayer. Miss A. H. Gowans, of the faith of our fathers."

Tokyo's "Barrack Villages" mensely increased. The Y. M. C. A. in the United States has been looking REV. WILLIS C. LAMOTT writes after them to some extent, but much from 'fokyo of giving $10,000, more may be done by this and sister sent by Presbyterian churcheg in movements, because these travellers California, toward building barracks are important and open-minded men to house the ruined churches. and women. In this direction the , , These, " he says, "will be more or Tokyo City Young Men's Christian less permanent buildings, and will be Association started an interesting and of immediate help in carrying the successful experiment by sending Gospel to thousands in the 'barrack through America last year a vacation villages' of Tokyo. They will also students' party, which consisted in serve to house the stricken pastors, as the main of graduates or senior stuwell as aid greatly in preserving the dents. ('ontinnity of the work of the various churches. 'fhe term 'baraku' is now A Buddhist on the Bible in general use, referring to the sheds erected in the great parks of the city, ABUDDHIST scholar, son of a where thousands of refugees are now Buddhist priest, and reared in living, offering a wonderful oppor- the strictest tenets of his faith, relates tunity for evangelistic work. The his experiences when coming in con- Y. M. C. A. of Meiji Gakuin is help- tact with Christianity, saying: "By ing Mr. Kagawa in his work down in degrees as I went on reading the Honjo, and I am doing what I can Bible, I understood that the teaching with my stereopticon in interesting of Christ is so far above those of other some of the refugee children for the religions that they cannot be comfirst time in the Life of Christ. A pared to it. Christianity includes very valuable work has been carried everything good to be found in Shin on in the devastated section at Ryo- Shu, Nichiren Shu, and Zen Shu goku. Three tentl> were erected, one (Buddhist sects), and is higher than for refreshments, one housing a dis- all. I am not making light of Budpensary, and one for evangelistic dhism; but I believe that its purpose work, the tents all having been fur- is realized best in Christianity. After nished by the famous Mitsui family. the sun has risen, it is not necessary Evangelistic services were conducted to go on burning electric lights." all day, the various churches took turns in serving the refreshments in Non-Christian Men in School the tea-tent, and the dispensary had a record of handling over 700 differ- L AMBUTH Institute was opened ent cases in twenty-five days. The early in 1921 in W onsan, Korea, work is an example of the attitude by the M. E. Church, South, for busithe Japanese Christians are taking ness men who want to study English. toward the. present evangelistic op- Mr. T.•J. Carter, the present director, portunity. " says: "Onr new term began January 7th, and the first night we had more Japanese Who Travel than fifty young Korean men and boys, all anxious to learn English. DURING the last annual confer- One must know something of the class ence of employed officers of the of men to appreciate our opportunity Japanese Y. M. C. A. a committee was to carry the gospel message. Among appointed to see what could be done those who are enrolled there is a judge to set up an International Hospitality of a local court, and a clerk of the Service, in cooperation with the same court. A police sergeant, the Young Men '8 Christian Association highest office that a Korean can hold in other lands. Of late the number among the police officials, is studying of Japanese students, officials, and in the first grade. The head of a business men who go abroad has im- Korean hospital is studying in our

192+] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

second class. These are non-Chris- Church. A self-supporting physician tians, and for a half an hour four and his wife live in the missionary nights each week, they have an oppor- compound. Among the results ar& tunity to hear the Gospel preached. 494 baptized Chinese, 9 church build- I don't know of any other way in ings, 10 chapels, 25 prayer-meeting which these leading men in public life plaees, 15 Chinese evangelists, and 3 could be induced to come to where Bible women. The evangelistic zeal the gospel message is given. They cer- of Korean Christians among their own tainly will not attend church." people is one of their best-known traits. The Korean became a mission- Beggar Boys in Seoul ary when he became a Christian. " Are you a Christian 1" is often asked early THE Salvation Army is carrying on in acquaintance making. Thus at in Seoul, Korea, an industrial home for beggar boys which meets a once the living Word is passed along. real need. Lieut.-Commissioner G. In the spread of the Message of Life Stevens writes of it: "At the end of in the peninsula this has been one of the year 1918 there was a great out- the most far-reaching factors. In adcry in Seoul over the large number of dition to this, at opportune times the boys who were begging on the streets. Christian has entered with tremen- The boys themselves had for the most dous zeal into special campaigns for part long disheveled hair, were the unreached population about him, clothed in rags, were filthy in the ex- pledging his time freely, to go out treme and a' source of annoyance to unencumbered by business to preach every well-to-do passerby, whom they the way of eternal life.

pestered for money or food. Eventu- ally one boy was found frozen to death ISLANDS OF THE SEA outside the shop of a well-known Depopulation ot New Hebrides business man, who appealed to the Salv:;ttion Army to do something as a THOUGH the official report on the temporary measure to tide them over . New Hebrides for 1921-22 mainthe cold weather and gave a generous tained that the process of native dedonation towards the cost. The Gov- population in the Polynesian and ernment later became interested, con- Melanesian Islands is not so rapid as tributing money for the support of some contend, the Anti-Slavery Rethe boys, and land for the present porte,' and Aborigines' Friend quotes buildings. The Home, since its incep- authoritiel'l who state that the present tion, has received seventy-three boys. labor-recruiting system, although it is Nine have died, largely through lack controlled by GoYernment, is essenof nourishment in early life, five have tially wrong, and that work on the run away, eleven have found friends plantations, under conditions unnatand gone to them, one has found work ural to the natives, fails to supply the outside, forty-seven remain with us necessary interest in life, the lack of today. " which they agreed in regarding as the main cause of the dying out of Korean Missionary Spirit the race. "There is no mention in the , Report of one serious cause of depopu- I N Shantung, China is the "pet" lation-namely, the traffic in liquor, work of the Korean Church. Be- which is a notorious evil. Answering ing not for Koreans but for Chinesf', a question in the House of Commons it is actual foreign missionary activ- three years ago, on the depopulation ity. When the Korean General As- of the Group, Colonel Amery men- sembly was organized in 1912, it went tioned as its chief cause the inabilitv on record as a missionary body in of the native to resist European epi- opening work in China. Four or- demic diseases, and asserted that the dained men and their families are Administration took active measures wholly supported by the Korean to protect the natives from disease

and drink. Unfortunately, all our Shinto shrine, and before I got away evidence is to the effect that though from Hawaii I realized that this the liquor traffic is prohibited by law, American Territory is again being the regulations against it are not ef- repaganized. Hawaii's population confective, and that 'active measures' are sists of a conglomeration of nationalicertainly not taken to enforce them. ties, some nine or ten of these nation- As for protection from disease, this alities being represented in numbers Report admits that the Condominium by no means small, there being five Administration possesses no medical times as many Japanese as any other service, and there are no government race. Idols are being imported. Temhospitals. " ples are being erected in every nook and corner of the Territory,. and The Philippines 1899-1924 pagan rites are being held. Tradi- tional Sunday observances are giving A FTER twenty-five years of work way to noisy restivals and wrestling in the Philippines, the various tournaments at the temples and the denominations are all reporting prog- shrines." ress. Rev. W. J. Smith, Presbyterian missionary at Dumaguete, on the is- NORTH AMERICA land of Negros, writes of a recent suc- Congress and the Churches cessful revival campaign. The Protestant Episcopal Church is ralling for T HE religious affiliations of the five new clergymen, two of them for present members or the United work among the 80,000 Chinese in the States Congress are shown in the folislands, who have been left to this de- lowing table, for which the Board of nomination as its particular field. The Temperance, Prohibition and Public Methodists have had an extensive Morals of the Methodist Episcopal quarter-centennial celebration. They Church is responsible: report a church membershp of 59,835, with 28,420 enrolled in the Sunday- Denomination Senate HOUile schools. There are 225 churches imd chapels, and 67 parsonages, besides 12 Methodists …………….. 23 96 missionary residences. Bishop Locke's latest report says that there was an Episcopalian . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18 56 average of 16 baptisms every day of 1923, and that the last quadrennium Presbyterian . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14 59 shows an increase of 25 per cent in membership. There are hospitals and Ba]1tist …………….•… 3 45 training schools established firmly by generous gifts from America and Roman Catholic …………. 7 38 housed in substantial buildings. In the past four years the native churches Congregationalist ……….. 5 26 have raised for all purposes about $218,000. Competent observers proph- Christian (Disciple) ……… 1 16 esy a union very soon of the Presbyterian, Congregational and United Lutheran ………………. 2 12 Brethren forces. Jewish ………………… 0 9 Unitarian ……………… 1 4 Dutch Reformed ………… 0 3 Quaker…………. …….. 0 3 United Brethren ………… 0 1 Mormon……………….. 2 1 Mennonite ……………… 0 1 Christian Science ………… 0 1 EvangelicaJ …………….. 0 1 Universalist ……………. 0 1 Vacancy……………….. 0 1 No religious affiliation ……. 17 41 Religious affiliation not ascer- tained ……………….. 3 20 Paganized Hawaii Totals ……. . . . . . . . . .. 96 435 DR. W. E. BIEDERWOLF is Law EnforcelUent Convention quoted in the Record of Christiam Work as having been impressed "ENFORCE THE LAW" is the by the large place which worldliness message that will go forth to the holds in Hawaiian life and custom. He continues: "Then we saw another country from the convention of promthing, and felt a shudder as we beheld inent women '8 organizations to be it. I saw the Japanese building a held in Washington, D. C., on the 10th and 11th of April. Mrs. Herbert

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Hoover is chairman and Mrs. Robert the authority of the Commissioner of Lansing is honorary-secretary of this Internal Uevenue and the Secretary convention which is to be held in the of the Treasury; call for deportation Soottish Rites Temple. Speeches are of alien bootleggers and an amendto be made by prominent men and ment to the Volstead law with a view women, and a pageant is to be given to more effective enforcement; deentitled, "America, the Beautiful." nounce men who have taken an oath to support the Constitution of the The Washington committee is a United States yet betray it by conbranch of the Woman's National spiracy with bootleggers; favor treat- Committee for Law Enforcement, ies to facilitate suppression of rum (Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, chairman) smuggling; condemn the practice of the object of which is to "work for prize-fighting in the army and navy; enforcement of all law, with special favor the proper encouragement of stress, at present, on the prohibition public education; favor the abolition law, the front today where the battle of child labor; approve uniform maragainst lawlessness has to be fought." riage and divorce laws; favor the barring from interstate commerce of This committee has issued the book, gambling devices, obscene literature, Save America, which is having a large etc.; call for further reduction of imsale through the affiliated women's migration; oppose commercialized organizations everyone of which, state and local, is asked to send dele- desecration of the Sabbath, and degates to this Law Enforcement Con- nounce lynching. vention.

Home Mission Council Officers In the Cumberland Mountains THE Home Missions Council has J AMES D. BURTON, writing from elected the following offioers for Oakdale, Tenn., of the educatIOnal 1924: President, Charles L. Thomp- bandicaps, in spite of which the boys son, (Presbyterian, U. S. A.); Vice- and girls of the Cumberland Moun- Presidents, John McDowell, (Presby- tain region have accomplished so terian, U. S. A.), Charles L. White, much, says of their limited church (Baptist), S. Leslie Morris, (Presby- privileges: terian in U. S.), Grant K. Lewis, (Disciples of Christ), George L. Cady, The four mountain counties com- (Congregational), Franklin J. Clark, prise over two thousand square miles (Protestant Episcopal); Executive of territory, within the borders of Secretary, Charles E. Vermilya, which are only three places with full- (Methodi::;t Episcopal); Recording time ministers. The practice with Sepretary, Charles E. Schaeffer, (Re- most organized church bodies is to formed in U. S.); Treasurer, Frank have preaching once or twice per F. Moore, (Congregational). Mrs. month, and there are scores of com- John Ferguson is the· new President munities without any regular preachof the Council of Women for Home ing at all. Seventy-five per cent of Missions. the church services are heJd in one- room public schoolhouses of which BYPublie Morals Policies there is about one for every eight adopting twelve resolutions cov- square miles. As a rule the pastor of ering a wide range of subjects a mountain church lives in one comthe Board of Temperance, Prohibition munity, and is in charge of a church and Public Morals of the Methodist in another community several miles Episcopal Church has formulated its distant. They meet and pass in going policies for the coming year. Briefiy and coming from their preaching 8taas summarized by The Continent, the tionfl. As a result there is little pasresolutions call for the removal of the toral care, and no point of contact Government '8 prohibition unit from between the pastor and the young people. Through the Sabbath-School

Extension Department of the Board munity it fails in its duty to rmal of National Missions of the Presby- civilization. While urban population terian Chureh in the U. S. A., many exceeds rural, there are 2,500,000 Cumberland Mountain communities more children in villages and the open are being provided with reasonably country than in cities."

well-equipped Sabbath-schools, which have served to create a wholesome Paciftc Garden Missien A atmosphere. The primary purpose of FTER forty-three years on Van Buren Street, Chicago, in a buildthe schools is service, and the Sundayschool representative travels in season ing previously famous for its vice, the and out of season, through all kinds enormous rents and the change in of weather, in the interest of religious the personnel of the people passing the education. It has proved to be one of door caused the removal of the famous the most economical and effective Pacific Garden Mission to 650 South methods in reaching and helping the State Street, in the heart of the cheap children and young people of this lodging-house district. One of the region. 'rhese schools are real com- converts, who has been a missionary munity centeTs in lieu of other attrac- in Japan for years, says he helped to tions, and many mountain youths rob many a man in this very place, discover themselves, getting larger enticing them from the Polk Street visions of life, and finding their way .Railway Station near by. So another to institutions of higher learning." den of vice and iniquity is converted into a place where the Gospel is being Need of the Rural Church preached.

"rJ"'HE rural population is in need -Record of Christian Work. ~ of evangelism, " according to the Y. W. C. A. Convention Rev. William W. Johnstone, superintendent of the Lakes District of the THE national convention of the American Sunday School Union. "It Young Women's Christian Asso- is estimated," he said, "that only one ciation is to be held in New York City fifth of the rural population attends from April 30th to May 6th. Many church; that two fifths of the rural visitors of importance from other churches are standing still or losing countries are expected. ground; that one third of the rural The present budgets of American ministers must have other occupations Y. W. C. A. work total over $25,000,- than the ministry to secure adequate 000 yearly. Foreign work supported support, in some cases the minister by American Associations' funds is acting as the town barber or doing included in these total figures. paper hanging and painting as a side li'ounded in 1906 from a union of two line; that one fourth of the rural organizations dating back to 1871 and churches have no Sunday-schools. 1886 respectively, the national mem- Many communities in southern Illi- bership has grown from less than. 150,- nois have been entirely without the 000 girls and youn~ women to over Gospel for years. Children have 525,000. Ovpp 2,000 delegates repregruwn to youth without having known sent.i.ng 1,046 Associations are exof a Sunday-school. There are many pected. The National Board, of which rural parishes all over the country Mrs. Robert E. Speer is President, is that have been deserted by the denom- the executive body of the affiliated inations that served them. In a town American Associations.

of 2,000 there may be found a dozen or more churches competing with each A Sunday-school Fleet P other, and all equally neglecting the LANS for the Ninth Convention of the W orId's Sunday School Assogreat opportunity that lies outside in the adjoining open country. When ciation in Glasgow, June 18-26, 1924, the Church fails to evangelize its com- include engaging the entire passenger

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spare on three ships for Sunday-school ence indorses the ide-a of providing delegates from North America. These chapels at Army posts wherever posships will sail on June 7, 1924, from sible. It believes that the effect of Montreal, from New York, and from erecting a physical habitation for the Philadelphia. Meetings and social religious idea will stimulate interest functions will be arranged on each in services and other religious work." boat. Blocks of reservations on other steamers have been reserved for those U. P. ·Ho:me Board Reorganized who wish to start earlier than June 7th and take one of the pre-Conven- FOLLOWING the tendency appartion tours either through Europe or ent in certain other denominations, to Palestine and Egypt. the last General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church required Our Army Chaplains that the three boards working in the home field, the Board of Home Mis- THE conference on moral and re- siom;, the Board of Freedmen's Mis- ligious work in the Army, which sions, and the Board of Church was held in Washington in June, em- Extension, should be united into one phasized the importance of this aspect board having twenty-seven members of the national life. In his report to charged with the responsibility of the President the Acting Secretary of pressing forward every department of War said: "The conference was church work in the home land. Rev. called, in keeping with the nation- W. 1. Wishart, D.D., reports the forwide sentiment for a quickened in- mation of special committees on Proterest in the fundamentals of religion, motion and Publicity, Education and to consider plans for a more intensive Contacts with the Workers and Fields, general program of moral training for with a Board secretary heading each, soldiers, to develop community con- and continues: tacts, and to recommend those policies and activities which will strengthen "The members of the enlarged board are the religious program for Regular working together with the heartiest enthusi· Army posts and stations and safe- asm. The secretaries are alert and fruitful guard young men who enter the of practical plans and suggestions. The various training camps. The .confer- difficulties growing out of the merger are euce was unique in that it was pan- disappearing as methods of administration sectarian, as indicated by the list of are worked out. The outlook fOl· mission personnel and the leadership. There work in the United Presbyterian Church was absolute unanimity in all pro- seems particularly good." nouncements and findings." Better Colored Schools Among the recommendations were these: "This confe'rence earnestly I T is gratifying and encouraging to urges that such provision be made in note the interest being taken by the numerical strength of chaplains many Southern State Legislatures in whereby every soldier of the Army, the education and wel:Eare of the Newherever statioI1ed, shall have full gro. Among the latest news of thi~ opportunity to receive the personal nature reported in the Southern counsel, guidance, and services of a Workman, is the announcement that chaplain. .. This conference believes the South Carolina Legislature recentthat the religious influence in the ly voted "$98,000 for the Negro State Army can be deepened and strength- College, $41,000 for the Negro boys' ened and the efforts of chaplains can reformatory, $1,500 for the Negro be made more productive of beneficial fair, and the chance to share in the results if a closer relationship can be high-school appropriation by complyestablished and maintained between ing with certain conditions." South the chaplains and their respective de- Carolina boasts of 14 recognized Nenominational groups… This confer- gro high schools, 15 teachers' training schools, and 35 Rosenwald schools. The Negroes of the State have sup-

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plemented its appropriations by near- byterian church was about to be dedicated. Eighteen months hefore there was but one ly $30,000. "J" Protestant in that thickly-settled district, a woman. Her hushand, a progressive Lynchings in 1923 farmer, deeided to unite with the Protestauts and joined the Presbyterian church in old PRINClPAL R. R. MOTON of the Las Vegas, of which Rev. Charles Cordova 'I'uskegee Normal and Industrial is the devoted and effective pastor. Fifty Institute- reports as follows on the other Spanish-Americans, all adnlts, foiyear's crime and disaster as compiled lowed him in a little over a year, in most by Monroe N. Work of the Depart- cases in the face of persecution. The ment of Records of the Institute: "I Church Erection Board gave these fifty·two find that there were twenty-eight per- memhers $3,000 toward a church, and the sons lynched in 1923-in Arkansas, 2; members themselves contributed their serv- Florida, 8; Georgia, 4; Louisiana, 1; ices as brickma1cers and carpenters, and Mississippi, 8; Missouri, 1; Okla- when I visited the building on May 11, all homa, 1; 'fexas, 2; Virginia, 1. This tllat was needed was a covering of plaster is twenty-nine less than the number to complete the edifice. ". J n Albuquerque fifty-seven for the year 1922. Thirteen he visited the Menaul school for Spanish· of the persons lynched were taken American boys, and in Santa Fe the cor· from the llands of the law, seven from responding school (the Allison-James) for jails and six from offi;}ers of the law girls. If these two schools had adequate outside of jails. Of the twenty-eight facilities they could receive from 400 to 450 persons lynchoo in 1923, twenty-six pupils a year, instead of the 300 they now were negroes and two were whites; have scant rooni for_ For the Spanishtwo of the former were women. We American young people are seeking admisalso found that there were forty-six sion to the Protestant schools, despite hitter instances in which officers of the law opposition from the Roman Catholic archprevented lynchings. Four women, bishop. three white and one colored, were among those thus saved. Six of these The Go'Vernment and the Indian preventions of lynchings were in Northern States and forty in Southern H ON. HUBERT WORK, Secretary States. In thirty-seven of the cases of the Interior, has recently inthe urisoners were removed or the vited one hundred men and women of guards augmented or other precau- national vision, including publicists, tions taken. In the nine- other in- educators, governors of states, churchstances, armed force was used to repel men, and outstanding citizen Indians the would-be lynchers. In eight in- to advise him in reference to the methstances during the year persons ods of changed policy on the part of charged with being connected with the Government in its treatinent of lynching mobs were brought to trial. Indians. 'fhe Secretary recognizes Of the fifty-two persons thus before the importance of determining on such the courts only two were sent to the plans for the Indian's welfare as shall penitentiary. " insure his own participation in those plans and ultimately lead to an edu- Opportunity in New Mexico cated, self-sustaining Indian citizenry. Some of the Indians of today have A MISSOURI pastor was greatly individual wealth (the value of all impressed, on a vacation trip Indian property is estimated at $1,- through New Mexico, by the work be- 000,000,000); 227,000 out of 340,917 ing aone by Presbyterian home mis- have allotments of land totaling 38,- sion agencies in that field, and the 000,000 acres; and two thirds of the great opportunity for additional Indians are citizens. There are 400 work. He is quoted in The Continent Protestant and 200 Catholic missionas fonows: aries at work among the various tribes and groups with respective adherents "Twenty·eight miles north of Las Vegas of approximately 100,000 and 59,000. I visited Ceholla Valley, where- a new Pres- Secretaries of Home Mission Boards doing work for Indians as also the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. are in- cluded in the group of advisers selected by the Secretary of the In- for that great neglected field. He terior. repo~~s that ninety per cent or more of the missionaries are ministering to Chinese Children Rescued not more than forty per cent of the population, and less than ten per cent ROM thl) Tooker Memorial Home to the vastly larger Indian popula- for Chinese children, conducted by tion. There are hidden away in the the Presbyterian Board of National valleys and mountains tribes of fifty Missions in Oakland, Calif., Miss thousand to half a million to whom Emma Mills writes of two little chil- the Gospel. of Christ has never gone, dren, to keep whom at the Home and and who WIll never hear it unless misthus rescue them from lives of slavery sionaries carry it to them. Miss Cameron in San Francisco has been working day and night: "They Independent missionaries are doing remember well the day their own fam- some mission work for these Indians ilies sold them from the same village on a small scale. There have been to a strange man who appeared and some few attempts on the part of a asked to buy some little girls. Ah few of the larger boards, such as the Ting's people sold her for $170. She Presbyterian in Mexico and Central was then ten years old and could sing America, the Anglican in Southern very nicely. This stranger then Chile, thc Canadian Baptist in Bobought Ah 'l'ye for $90. Before leav- livia, and a few others, but there has ing China the children were kid- been no consistent and determined efnapped from 'their owner. They were fort by the greater and more responfound and redeemed by the man, who sible agencies looking toward the claimed to be their father. After the evangelization of the Indians of Latin long journey across the Pacific, land- America. ing in Seattle they went on to San Francisco. They were put on the Chi- A commission has been formed to nese stage and every night for several weeks these two children have been study the whole matter throughout acting from nine until one and two in the morning. They found their Latin A!nerica, to bring pressure upon way to our day school in our Chinese Church in San Francisco. There they the Boards of the United States and learned of the Home. Miss Higgins went down to the theater and saw Canada and to minister more adethem the night before they came to us. 'l'heir stories are filled with hard- quately to this neglected group. When ship and sadness, they are very dear children and are so afraid they will the great I,atin American Conference have to go back to their owner that every time I say we are going to San meets in Montevideo inregAaprrdiil~g19t2h5~ Francisco they cry. All of Chinatown more complete facts is up in arms, and moving every possible point to get the children back." Indians will have been gathered so LATIN AMERICA that the conference may formulate .MR. Neglected Indians some adequate plan to reach them L. T. LEGTERS, who has re- cently returned from a long with the Gospel. journey through Central America and Mexico, under the auspices of the THE A Century in Jamaica Pioneer Mission Agency, made a care- United Free Church of Scotful survey of the Indian situatioIi and land is celebrating this year the has come back tremendously burdened centenary of its work in the island of Jamaica. Rev. George Blyth was sent out in ]824 in response to a re- quest by some planters for a mission- ary to instruct their slaves. This was the beginning of the work that now at its centenary, cannot be considered R. a mission, but a fully organized church. Rev. C. Young writes: "When we consider that some still live who were born in slavery we need not think poorly of a century's work. Por manv years Jamaica has manned calculations put the probable number her own"' ~chools, and the island is of visitors to the Exhibition at a dotted over with school buildings, minimum of 25,000,000. British where useful and efficient work is Christians have recognized the oppordone by Jamaican teachers. We have tunities for an evangelistic campaign a native ministry that outnumbers which such an occasion offers. The those sent from home. They are _the whole project received most _careful sons of our Church. Three of them consideration, and a United Commithave seen foreign service in Africa, tee has been formed, representing the and all are respected by the com- Church of England, the Evangelistic munity." Committee of the London Diocesan Conference, the Evangelical Free Head Hunters in Ecuador Churches, the Metropolitan Free Church Federation, the Church Army, FROM the highlands of Ecuador Salvation Army, Y. M. C. A., Y. W. to the east one descends into the C. A., National Young Life Campaign, heavily forested Amazon valley where World's Evangelical Alliance, and he finds himself in the land of the other organizations and interests. Headquarters are to be in an attrac- Jibaros, formerly it very numerous tive bungalow on the Exhibition grounds, near the British Governand warlike tribe who exterminated ment Building. the Spaniards who had established prosperous cities in that region. These c. M. S. Magazine Jubilee people are devil worshipers. If God is good, they reason, they have noth- THE monthly magazine published ing to fear from Him. The devil, how- by the Church Missionary Society, ever, is malignant; therefore he must the Church Missionary Review, was be propitiated by worship and sacri- started in January, 1874, by Dr. fice. The witch doctor is their chief Eugene Stock, who writes in the Deresource in time of sickness and need. cember, 1923, issue: "Looking back War is the normal state of the Jibaro over the fifty years ….. the C. M. S. Indian, first for the purpose of get- staff alone has multiplied nearly fourting wives from neighboring or enemy fold, and its income is about three tribes, second for revenge of injuries times as large as in 1874. Africa, then inflicted upon relatives during these siscanrocwelyopkennowfrnombeeynodndtotheendc.oasJta-lpinae~ wars, then for enemy heads that are had just (lpened its long-locked doors, supposed to bring good luck to the and now has its own organized possessors because of the sacrifice of Church. In India and China the the victim to the devil. During the progress is astonishing. It would take last two centuries the Jibaros have many columns to compare adequately greatly decreased in numbers. Their 1873 with 1923. Any careful student attitude toward thc whites has become will find that the revival and the exmore friendly and they respond read- pansion began at that time." ily to kindly approach.-W. F. JOR- DAN in The Christian Herald. Gospels for Belgian Homes EUROPE THE "Gospel Hunger" in Belgium, described in the REVIEW a year Evangelism at Exhibition ago, has been steadily increasing. THE British Empire Exhibition, to be held at Wembley Park, near Ralph C. Norton, Director of the Bel- London from April to October, 1924, will reproduce in miniature the en- gian Gospel Mission, writes: "We tire resources of the British Empire, and one of its primary purposes is have distributed during this year "to make the different races of the British Empire better known to each something like half a milliOn copies other." The most conservative expert of Scriptures and arreeligGioousspellist,erTaetsutrae~ 90,000 of which

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ments and Bibles. The sowing of this ter of finance refuses to allow seed, we are convinced, is one of the reasons for this great awakening, and subscriptions from church members in the absence of other agencies such as preaching, etc., which are the ac- for the support of their ministers. customed methods for evangelizing in other lands, is the sole basis for the Any church with less than 300 membeginning of a revival. As a marked illustration of the effectiveness of this bers is forbidden to call a pastor, and method, we have one colporteur who has, in the last four years, put 65,000 this makes small churches and mis- Gospels in homes, and during the same time, sold 12,000 New Testa- sions impossible. The state holds that ments, thus covering 131 towns, cities, and villages, and reaching a territory the majority in any community is encomprising 392,000 people. He seeks to get into every home." titled to the property of any denomi- European "Youth Movements" nation, and that the minister of affairs ALMOST every European country has the right to decide such owner- has a body of youth which to a large extent is aroused to its social ship and can assign the property ac· responsibility–'–that is, young people who realize that they must educate cording to his arbitrary wilL The themselves to the facts and the problems of the present, past, and future. schools for girls belonging to the Re- These so-called "Youth Movements" assume many points of view and formed Church have been seized, and modes of expression, many conflicting even among themselves. This awaken- are being used as hospitals for the ing (with the probable exception of Germany) is restricted to a minority treatment of venereal diseases. Lands of what one can call the youth of each nation. The significant fact is that of the churches have been taken by the minority is so large, and that the awakening is so intense. In Holland the state, allowing the owners only a the "Youth Movement" is almost entirely religious or ethical. It com- small acreage, and their own lands, prises a liberal religious group open to almost all creeds; a student Chris- after having been confiscated, are tian group; and the Practical Idealists' Association. In addition thrre rented to the former owners at proare many small groups-League of Religious Anarcho-Communists, anti- hibitive prices." The only remedy tobacco and anti-alcohol societies, and hundreds of individuals devoted to for some of these abuses is political kindred ideals. action. –Christian Century. State and Church in Roumania Poland and Religious Liberty I T was reported at the meeting of the Presbyterian World Alliance in THE new States created in Eastern Zurich that in Roumania the restric- and Central Europe have inscribed tions on church life are particularly religious liberty in their Constitution. severe. The situation there is de- They are bound to recognize religious scribed in these words: "The minis- bodies who work in their territory and afford them liberty. It is one thing to establish general principles-an- other to put them in operation in lands where the Roman Church has long had a political supremacy. In Poland the Churches that were work- ing before the new Constitution a:re recognized, but there are difficulties confronting the new work that has been undertaken, since the grant of the Constitution which honors reli- gious liberty can become really effec-' tive only when definite legislation in the form of an Enabling Law is passed. Pre-war arrangements make it possible for the older Churches to "carry on" without obstacles being placed in their path. "Denomina- tions previously unknown in Poland" may at any moment by administrative action be placed in perplexity and their work dosed down before any ef- fective appeal may be made to the

West to restrain the agents who de- tamia, and India. The Nile Mission sire to see this done.-Evangelical Press and the American Press at Bei- Christendom. rut are also sending out large quanti- ties of Christian literature. The The Dilemma in Iceland Egyptian secretary of the Society for I N April, 1922, the Parliament of the Prevention of Cruelty to Animah!, Iceland was compelled to suspend a young Mohammedan, recently orits prohibition law (adopted in 1908) dered 1,000 copies of "Black Beauty" because Spain, at present the chief from the Beirut Press and the large purchaser of the salt cod (Iceland's volume recently published by the Nile principal export) declared that she Mission Press on the deity of our would raise her import tax, unless Lord is having a remarkable sale. The Iceland would buy her wines (with monthly Christian paper, Orient and Occident, has become trilingual, and alcoholic content up to 21 %). For- in French, English and Arabic is merly much of this wine was dis- bridging the chasm between the East posed of in America. When the 1923 and West and leading young men to Parliament of Iceland met, no solu- consider the claims of Christ. Mostion was in sight, and the 1922 arrangement was continued, but the lems themselves are aware that the Parliament declared that "although in this session, on account of trade press is the deciding factor in the treaties with Spain, an exception from coming struggle. The editor of the Islamic Review, in London, writes the law regar.ding import of intoxi- concerning their propaganda: cants has been legalized, this excep- The immensity of the task that lies before tion has been made because of demand- Us compels us to the admission that we are ing necessity, but not because the scarcely able to meet the demand single· Parliament would depart from the law that was first passed on account of handed; and all the more so because of the lack of adequate means. We inVite, there- fore, one and an, each and every servant of a general vote among the people." Islam, to help us in the cause. The only Leaders in the World League Against means of uccess to the otherwise impreg- Alcoholism have made considerable efforts to help Iceland secure other nable hellXt of the West is literature. Can we produce it in a quantity sufficiently large to meet the demand ~ The answer lies with markets for her fish, one Scotch busi- our Moslem brothers.

ness man having been particularly active. Since the United States has Spiritual Growth in Egypt helped indirectly to get this small is- REV. WALTER T. FAIRMAN of land into difficulty, cannot America . the Fnited Presbyterian Mission, devise means to absorb some of this wrltes of the marked success that at· surplus of fish which Spain refuses tended a ~eries of conventions for the except at the cost of debauching the deepening of the spiritual life, held Icelanders ~ during November and December at AFRICA four centers in Egypt. "The special subject this year was: The Identifica- Moslems and the Press tion of the Believer with Christ: (1), EGYPT is controlled, Rev. Dr. in Death; (2), in Newness of Life; Zwemer says, "not so much by (3), in Service. Our devoted Egyplaws and religions as by the news- tia~ workers have received a great papers. These batteries have unlimit- uplIft and have gone back to their ed range, and seem to have endless various spheres of labor with their quantities of ammunition." The Mos- faith strengthened and their vision lem press was never so active. In the enlarged. Evangelistic services were native booksellers' quarters, great held in the evenings, and to these the packages of literature are seen ready general public turned out in such for the post and addressed to Tim- numbers as to tax to the utmost the buctoo, Brazil, South Africa, Mesopo- accommodation provided in each

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

place. In Luxor we have a large ordinated, so that they can work tochurch with seating for about 700. gether for the one great aim-salva- This was crowded every night with a tion of the State." most attentive congregation in spite or the fact that opposition meetings Plans fQr African EducatiQn were being held at the same time in the Coptic church in the town. In AN important step in the develop- Zagazig a special tent provided seat- ment of education in Africa has ing accommodation for about 700 men been taken in the appointment by the and women. This was filled to capac- Secretary of State for the Colonies in ity every night and many went away Great Britain of an Advisory Combecause they could not find room. At mittee on Education in the Crown the same time boys and girls were Colonies in Africa. Except in the gathered in the church itself for a definitely Mohammedan areas about special meeting for them alone. They nine tenths of the whole of native numbered about 200 and good work education throughout the continent was done amongst them. Can you has been hitherto carried on by misimagine the situation? In the heart sions. The appointment of this comof a Moslem city, a whole street mittee is an indication of the increasturned into a tent for the holding of ing interest of governments in the religious meetings attended by Chris- subject of education, and since mistians and Moslems and no disturbance sionary interests are represented on and no objection. Ten years ago that the committee, it provides an opporwould have been impossible. Today tunity for consultation between the not only was it possible but it was Government and missions on educadone." tional matters. Its announced purpose is "to study the problems of native A Cabinet Minister's Tribute education· in Africa and to facilitate the cooperation· of governments and THE acting Prime Minister of the missions in the development of a con- Union of South Africa, F. S. structive policy of education on sound Malan, while on tour in Cape Colony lines.' , in the autumn of 1923, paid a great tribute to the work of missionaries. NEAR EAST He said: "The work of the missionary should be recognized as part of In Syrian Villages the uplifting of the native races and part of the administration necessary WITH representatives of the Danto maintain law and order. Where ish Mission to the Orient and the missionaries are concerned, the use of British Syrian Mission, Rev. W. A. force is never, or very rarely, re- Freidlinger, of the American Presbyquired, and that is because of the mis- terian Mission at Zahleh, Syria, resionaries. We are able to govern mil- cently made a tour of several villages lions of natives, not by physical force, around Baalbek. He writes: "In aile not by policemen or soldiers, but by Moslem village very few knew how to the moral force which civilization and read.· A man working in the field was the example and influence of white asked if he could read and answered, men can give. The principles incul- 'No, we do not know here, but. in the cated by the missionaries, which are other village over there they know; based not on physical force, but on for there you will find Christians.' obedience to moral principles and the 'But do you mean to say that the principles of Christianity, should be Christians are better off than you?' supported. We should see that the 'Of course, if the authorities do not relations which exist between the ad- give them a school, no doubt their ministration of the country and the bishop will take care of them; but nomissionaries and their work are co- body cares for us here. ' The presence of these Catholic Christians seems 6 more often to be a hindrance. to the

Moslem than a help. In a mixed vil- their task. The taking on their own lage a young Christian man said to a shoulders by Syrian young men of Moslem :>hopkeeper when the mission- the burden of winning their land to ary asked him to buy a Gospel, 'ThiR Christ means the dawning of a better is not a book for you.' But the Mos- day for Syria." Syrian boys, too, are lem seemed wiser than he, for he just getting the vision. Rev. JJeslie M. took out his money and bought the TJeavitt, American Presbyterian misbook, saying, 'These people have come sionary, writes of two eighteen-yearto give us light and to make us know old boys who had attended a things we did not know before.' conference of secondary school boys. One is now conducting a Sunday- Church Union in Syria school every ,Vednesday afternoon and Sunday morning with an average APROMINENT feature of mission- attendance of fifty. He sent to the ary work in Syria, which is Rtill ~fission for Arabic hymnbooks and in its infancy, but growing, is the they fling hymns and have a prayer project of missionary union. The and the young man leads the discus- United Missionary Conference that sion on such subjects as "The Plan of has been in full swing for several ,Jehovah," "The Principles of Chrisyears joins the societies working both tianity," "Our Success as a Commun· under the .B'rench iu Syria, and under ity or Nation," and "True Patriotthe British in Palestine. One year ism." In the neighboring village the these two branches meet together and other boy organized a football team the altern!lte year they meet as north- and helped plan an entertainment for ern and southern sections, each in the benefit of the vi1lage schooL He their own territory. This union in- also invaded the meeting place of a cludes English, Scotch, Irish, Danish gang of a dozen boys whose custom it and American missionaries. Its func· was to meet every evening, tell dirty tions are purely advisory, but it stories, swear, and kill time. The firRt cements ·the workers and fosters effi· night that he started reading aloud to ciency as well. The Syrian Evangel- them from a good Arabic book a numicals, grouped as they are under the ber of the boys laughed at him and various church politics to which their called him" Preacher. " He continued respective missionary leaders are at- his efforts the second evening and betached, are chafing under these eccle- fore long the whole group was listensiastical divisions and agitating the ing intently to him. subject of combining. Their various denominational affinities are not in- A Motor Cycle in Arabia herited and ingrained, so union is easier, and their number is far from DR. PAUL W. HARRISON, misbeing so great as to thrive in spite of sionarv of the Reformed Church divisions; so that union, for them, in Ameri~a, has just returned to is imperative and quite practicable, Arabia, taking along a motorcycle. once their foster-mother societies en- He hopes to make the journey over courage such a step.-Presbyterian the Arabian Desert, which has hither- Magazine. to taken from ten to fourteen days on camel back, in less than twenty-four Syrian Youth for Syria hours. Ell'. Harrison is a friend of the ruling sheikh of the interior of I N the University of Beirut is a Arabia, Bin Saud, who is anxious group of Student Volunteers who that Dr. Harrison should establish a plan to give their lives for missionary hospital in his capital, Riadh, 250 work in their own land. One of the miles inland from the Persian Gulf. missionaries writes: "They are few, but enthusiastically committed to

Americans. By Joyce Oonstance alyptic beliefs. Its danger' is due

Manuel. l:lmo. IIi pp. 60 cents (cloth). substituting philosophic imaginings Oouncil of Women for Home Missions and for true revelations from God. the Missionary Education Movement. New York. 1923. Leaves from a Chinese Calendar, By Emma G. Lippard. Pamphlet. 12 pp. 50 cents. That is something that all citizens Woman's Missionary Society, United Lu· of the United States should wish to be theran Church in America, 1228 Spruce and help others to be-Better Amer- St., Philadelphia. 1923. 'leans. This may not always mean better Christians but better Christians These mission study lessons by a living in America must necessarily be missionary who knows and loves the better Americans. Miss Manuel has Chinese, present a vivid and true put forth her own ideas as to how to picture of Chinese life for juniors. make Americans better-by meetings, The book is well illustrated and the discussions, stories, studies, dramas chapters describe delightfully the ex- and pictures. She presents material periences of Taro and his friends in for twelve lessons with songs, talks, each month of the Chinese year.

stories of boys and girls, discussions, Adventures with the Bible in Brazil. By the suggested application and pray-er. F. C. Glass. Illns. Map. 12mo. 220 These lessons are inspirational and in- pp. 4s. Piekering and Inglis. Glasgow. formational and will help to teach 1923. children thankfulness, thrift, educational ideals, appreciation of beauty, A missionary of the Evangelical use of money, justice, reverence, re- Union of South America d-escribes adspect for law, loyalty and obedience ventures and incidents on three jourto God. 'rhe treatment is not always neys in Argentina, Paraguay, Uruas strong or on as high a plane as it guay, acros:'l Brazil and westward up might be-for example, reverence is the Amazon to Colombia. He met made to include too much. The test many strange people, had many thrillof these lessons will be in their use. ing experiences, saw the great need of the people because of their igno- Theosophy and Christian Thought. By W. rance of God and discovered the fruit- S. Urquhart. 12mo. 233 pp. $2'.25. The fulness of Bible work even in the Pilgrim Press. Boston. 1922. midst of ignorant savages and traders. Some of the converts tramped 250 Some people seem to be hypnotized miles to attend a Gospel conference. by theosophy. They do not know what South America is rich iu resources it means but swallow it whole. Here and possibilities, both physical and is an antidote of information. Dr. spiritual, but is especially in need of Urquhart is prof-essor of philosophy spiritual light and power. in the Scottish Churches College in Calcutta and recognizes both the beau- Short Missionary Plays and More Missionties and the false ideas in theosophy. ary Plays. By Margaret T. Applegarth, He shows its scope, its antecedents, its 2 vol. 12mo. 183 pp. and 184 pp. $1.00 contents, its value and its relation to net eaeh. George H. Doran Co. New Christianity. He perhaps deals with York. 1923.

it too leniently, but he is well in- The dramatic method of teaching formed and he seeks to be fair. Dr. and stirring the emotions and will is Urquhart conceives the chief value of becoming increasingly popular, espetheosophy to be its emphasis on the cially among young people. It has ad- reality of the unseen world and apoc- vantages and disadvantages. To 323

many, it is a sugar-coated pill. If as well as church. They give genthe impression finds its outlet in ade- erously, every tenth tree being marked quate expression of a practical sort, LX-" The Lord's Tenth" and every the disadvantages are lessened. These tllnth row of produce in the same way. missionary plays are well thought out This story is a good antidote to some to make the impression. The first of the sensuous volumes recently volume relates to race questions in written on the South Sea Islanders. America, to life in India, Japan, China, Spanish America and medical The Chinese Church National Ohristian missions and the second volume to Oonference, 1922. Report of the Interspecial occasions and methods such as national Christian Conference, Shang- Christmas, Easter, raising money, sell- hai. 8vo. 724 pp. $2.50. The Oriental ing literature and conducting mission- Press. Shanghai. 1923. ary meetings. The results are, perhaps, attained too llasily. Epoch making is the term rightly applied to the Shanghai Conference They are simple and make nse of of May, 1922. The missionary work in men, women and children. They re- China was there reorganized on a new quire few participants, simple prop- basis, giving larger place to the Chierties, and few rehearsals. The les- nese Church. Dr. Rawlinson and his son in each play is clearly taught bu1 co-editors, Miss Helen Thoburn and not unpleasantly stressed. Dr. MacGillivray, have gathered and arranged material from the commis- Pandita Ramabai. By Helen S. Dyer. Illus. sion reports presented to the National 12mo. 113 pp. 48. Pickering and Inglis. Conference as it relates especially to Glasgow. 1923. tqe work and program for the Chi- nese Church. The multitude of sub- Ramabai, who died last year, after jects discussed, as revealed in the thirty years of work for the child index, include: Chinese Religions, A.gwidows of India, was a woman of riculture, Architecture, Literature, great intellectual gifts and of spiritual Evangelism, Boys' Work, the Blind, power. Much of her wonderful life Family Worship; Children; Church is here told in her own words. The Life, Cooperation, Finance, Home volume, written by Mrs. Dyer, has been Problems, Medical Work, Industrial reissued as revised and brought up to Conditions, Ministry, Money, Mosdate. It is a story of faith working lems, etc. Any missionary to China unselfishly through love and reveals or those wishing expert knowledge, what the Gospel of Christ can do for will find this compilation of great val- Indian women. ue.

The Romance of Pitcairn Island. By W. Y. China Mission Year Book. 1923. Edited by Fullerton. Illns. 12mo. 112 pp. 28, 6d. Frank Rawlinson. 12 mo. 373 pp. The Carey Press. London. 1923. Christian Literature Society. Shanghai. 1923. Though it is the scene of one of the modern .miracles of missions, Pitcairn For three years, we have been with. Island is little known except in mis- out new editions of the Year Book and sionary history. The secretary of the it has been a real loss in spite of the Baptist Missionary Society of Eng- publication of the Missionary Survey land visited it recently and tells here volume. China is changing and these ·the thrilling story of its transforma- changes are recorded by fifty-two extion through the influence of a single pert observers, both Chinese and copy of the Bible carried thither by foreigners, from different points of the mutineers of the Bounty. If view. Their contributions on politics, any doubt the power of the inspired missionary work, the Chinese Church, Word of God, let them be convinced Education, Social Reform Movements, by reading this true narrative of the etc., are of great interest and value. South Pacific. The inhabitants are The statistics, map and missionary di- Christians and attend Sabbath-school rectory are in a separate volume. We know of no better way to keep abreast grams are suitable for diil'erent ages of movements in China than through and are of varied value but selections this annual review. can be made that will prove of use to any church, nllssionary society, young Some Boys and Girls in America. By Mar- people's or children's group. garet T. Applegarth. Illua. 8vo. 231 pp. $1.50 neb. George H. Doran 00. How to Produce Plays and Pageants. By New York. 1923. Mary M. Russell. IlIus. 8vo. 219 pp. $1.50 net. George H. Doran Co. New Originality and charm mark these York. 1923. home mission stories and their black and white drawings for children. The Like the foregoing volume, this is titles of the chapters whet the appe- a discussion of the uses of the drama tite – "Let's Discover America, " and how to plan and present plays "Little Prince of Wails," "Mind and pageants in order to produce a Your P's and Q's," etc. Children and desired effect on an audience. Some mothers or teachers of children will of the illustrative material is religious find them interesting and instructive. and some patriotic or missionary. The portion of the story of Joseph At the Mercy of Turkish Brigands. By given here is commonplace and un- Mrs. D. C. Eby. Portrait. 12 mo. 285 important, adding much to the Bible pp. Bethel Publishing Co., New Car· narrative but without clearly bringing lisle, Ohio. 1922. out the meaning.

The tragic days of war, massacre Enthroned-A Story of Christ. By F. D. and deportation in Armenia have pro- Seward. 8vo. 296 pp. The Stratford duced several graphic and thrilling Co. Boston. 1923. narratives. The present one, by a mIssIOnary, tells of experiences The life of Christ offers rich oparound the Armenian cities of Hadjin portunities for the novelist. It has and Marash. It is a story of suffering romance, adventure, human symand massacre, of warfare and cap- pathy, tragedy and dramatic incident. ture by brigands, of robbery and res- Mr. Seward has used these to good cue, of deportation and relief work, advantage in a straightforward, actold graphically in a way that en- curate and reverent story that follows ables us to sympathize with the mis- closely the gospel narrative and that sionaries and those whom they sought has for its purpose the enthronement to help. of Christ in the heart and life of the reader. While not so thrilling in in- Khama, The Great Afrioan Chief. By J. O. terest as "Ben Hur," it is more true Harris. Portrait. 12 mo. 122 pp. to the spirit and facts of the history $1.25 net. George H. Doran Co., New and does not draw, so much on extra- York. 1923. biblical material or the imagination of the writer as is done in other novels Khama is one of the miracles of mis- of the time of Christ. sions. The thrilling story here given has already been briefly told in the Practioal Lectures on the Book of Job. REVIEW to show what God can do in Frank E. Allen. 12mo. 303 pp. $1.75. human regeneration and what Afri- Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. 1923. cans can do to lead their people into Christian light. Job is a fascinating character and the book is an uplifting study, Joy from Japan. Recreation Programs. Ar- neglected by too many Christians. ranged by Catharine A. Miller. Paper. Mr. Allen has unfolded its meaning 8vo. 200 pp. The Heidelberg Press. and practical lessons in this series of Philadelphia. 1923. sermonic lectures. He rightly (we believe) holds .Job to be an historical Games and outings, socials and din- person and considers the story of his ners, tableaux, songs, stories, feasts experience an ancient dramatic presand plays are suggested here to in- entation of truth. The book is studied crease interest and give information on Japan as a mission field. The proin sections, not critically but homi- Places of Quiet Strength. By John Timo· letically, to point out the lessons to be thy Stone. 12mo. 250 pp. $2.00 net. learned in regard to home life, evil, George H. Doran Co. New York. 1923. suffering, faith, knowledge of God, wisdom, prosperity, repentance, sal- These twenty-two practical sermons, vation, etc. It is eminently sane, rev- by the well-known and much loved erent and practically helpful. pastor of the Fourth Presbyterian Church in Chicago, deal with spiritual The Jewish Question and the Key to Its themes in a practical way. They ap- Solution. Max Green, M.D., Philadelphia. peal to men and women who desire George W. Jacobs & Co. strength and vision, a knowledge of God and a Christ-like life among men. A Hebrew Christian deals with the We miss the charm of Dr. Stone's fact of the Jewish problem and the personality, but the essential message various attempts that have been made is here. to solve it. The solution of the Jew- ish problem will eome with the accept- The Mexican Nation-A History. By Her" bert I. Priestley. IIIus. Maps. 8vo. 507 ance by the Jews of Jesus as their pp. $4.00 net. The Macmillan Co. New own Messiah.

The Book of the Lover and' the Beloved. York. 1923.

By Ramon Lull. Introduction by E. Alli· Most Americans know of Mexico but son Peers. 12mo. 115 pp. $1.25. Mac· few know Mexico or the Mexicans. millan Co. New York. 1923. They associate the name with bandits and bull fights, with mines and oil, If ever there was a man with a passionate love for Jesus Christ that man with revolutions and Roman Catholic was Ramon (or Raymund) Lull, the superstitions. Dr. Priestley, the assopioneer martyr missionary to the Mos- ciate professor of Me:xican history at lems of North Africa. In this trans- the University of California, writes lation of some of his devotional writ- the history of the country in order to ings the saintly scholar and witness give the greater American republic a pours out his soul in love of his Master better and more sympathetic underand thoughts of how that love may be standing of the people. The story beincreased and manifested. It is very gins with the discovery by Spaniards stimulating to spiritual life and serv- in 1518, describes the economic, politice. ical history and closes with Car- More Jungle Tales. By Howard A. Musser. ranza's death in 1920. There is much lIlus. 12mo. 196 pp. $1.50 net. George said about Roman Catholic missions H. Doran 00. New York. 1923. and their influences but practically nothing of Protestant. The political India is a land of adventure as well influence and program of papal orders as a land that call~ for the message of in Me:xico are largely responsible for Christ, and missionarie~ who preach the chaos. the Gospel also have interesting and thrilling experiences. Some of them, like Jacob Chamberlain and Howard World Friendship Through the Church A. Musser, are skilled in telling of School. By John L. Bobinger. 12mo. their adventures so as to hold their 91 pp. $1.25 net. University of Chicago audiences spellbound. Here is a Press. Chicago. 1923.

bundle of twenty-five stories and Christian internationalism is the lesser incidents and pictures that subject of these ten studies for carry the shadow of the jungle and of churches. They aim at the promotion heathenism but also are shot through of peace through better understanding with the light of Christ. The tales are and greater sympathy. They include full of human interest, for thcy tell an appeal to different ages for misof boys and girls and their conflicts sionary work, broader study, more with wild beasts and with untamed unselfish giving, and active service for humans. Boys and girls will be in- others at home and abroad. A bibliogterested; so will adults. raphy accompanies each chapter. The Message of Mohammed. A. S. Wadia. One can only regret that with so 159 pp. $1.60. E. P. Dutton & Co. New York. 1923. clear a view of the outlines of his task, and approaching it with so tol- No praise is too high for the spirit rrant and ,no~-controversial a spirit, thc author S pIcture of Islam is so inof fairmindedness and toleration adequate. The strength and magnifi- ~ence of Islam lie in its conception of which characterizes this book. It is an effort to advance the cause of Islam by portraying the elements of truth God. One wonders whether the author which that religion contains and th1ere himself has ever had an adequate view is no bitter word nor harsh criticism. of that conception. If so, his power of p()rtr~ying it is almost nil. Palgrave, 'rhe author has many cordial things who IS the only English author who to say of Christ's teachings and of succeeds at all in showing the dimen- Christianity today. The book is from ~ions and strength of that conception the standpoint of a Modernist Mos- lem. Mohammed was far from per- is utterly condemned by the author of fect: and his teachings, notably on the this work.

subject tohfingpsolythgaatmyhavaendbeednivovrece~ All interested in missionary work contain for Moslems may well read this book. harmful. 'rhe Koran is full of mis- l"rom .it ,-ve get an exceedingly valutakes and of teachings that for us are able sldcbght on our task which is to obsolete. RO lift up Christ that the divine pic- This is an unusual stanupoint for tnre of God and the salvation whid1 He offers can draw mien to Him, eVPI1 Moslem apologists to take. The un- hesitating rejection of superstition. those who have been captivated by the and of outworn social legislation in system of ::'IIohammecl. P. w. H.

Islam, rather t~kes one '8 breath away. With Italy in Her Final War of Libera- tion. By Qhn D. Wannamaker. lllus. The frank admIssion that Christianity 8"0. 29,1 pp. $1.75 net. Fleming H. is more ideally perfect than Mohan~­ medanism, but that .Mohammedanism Revell Co. Xew York. 1923.

is the more vital of the two, is a new and rather startling beginning for The Y. :;I. C. A., by its humani- such a. discussion. The Wahabees of tarian work, contributed much to Cent.ral Arabia would repudiate a man Italy's efficiency in the World War.

makmg such admissions. ::-'[;. Wannamaker writ-es a glowing It is very inadequately realized tnbute to the work among the soldiers am0.ng. Chri.sti.ans, and even among at t~e front, in prison camps and in ChrIstIan ~Isslonaries, how powerful hospItals. Italv had 5000000 men and cOI,n.pelling a system of philosophy mobilized, took· nearly half 'a million underlies Mohammedanism, once its prisoners and had hundreds of thousuperstitions have been sloughed sands wounded in battle or incapaciaway. Ve are going to see eventuallv that to say that lIohammedanism ca~­ tated ,itnhtreoreusgthingilalnnedssinfaonrmd indgisfeaacste~ Slome not be true because it claims to be ~re gIven concermng Italy, the Ital- ~:miversal and its regulations regard- Jans and the War as wen as graphic mg prayer cannot be carried out in accounts of the Y work. About 300 the Arctic regions, is to betray an al- American workers were sent to Italy. most pathetic blindness to the real They did effective work though only questions at issue. When for instance th~ author asserts that the underlying ~ small part of it was strictly relig- phIlosophy and teachings of Moham- 10US.· Too much spacl) is given, per- medanism are more in a~corcl with thr haps, to defend and praise the y. too scientific, industrial ana politica1 much is said as to why the Ame;ican temper of modern times than those of Y did· not go to Italy sool1er and too Christianity, he: occupies a position little is told in the way of actual inci- from which it would be difficult to dents and experiences and the definite dislodge him. results of the work. Twin Travelogues. With paper doll cut directions are followed, the result outs. By Welthy Honsinger. The Abing. should be impressive. don Press. 50 cents each. New York. 1923. Progressive Suggestions for Planning Church Buildings. Plans and Sketches. These cutouts for India and Korea Edited by Elbert M. Conover and Albert are fascinating for young children N. Dobbins. Pamphlet. 48 pp. 50 cents. and very instructive. Travel stories Home Missions Council. New York. 1923. of children in foreign lands accompany the pictures. Use them in the This book will prove a real boon to home and in children's bands – and churches at home and abroad that are don't omit the travel stories. looking for ideas which combine beauty and utility for church and A Young Man's View of the Ministry. S. chapel buildings in city, suburb and M. Shoemaker. 86 pages. $1.25. Asso· country. It also has a good list of ciation Press. New York. 1923. books recommended.

Anyone who is engaged in the work Bible Stories in Rbyme. By Florence E. Hay. Illustrated in color. 4 to 84 pp. of the ministry, and anyone who has The Rodeheaver Co. Chicago. 1923.

at heart the recruiting of the ranks These are rhymes, not poems, and a few are only jingles, but they are of gospellers should welcome this little reverent and orthodox and tell the Bible stories so as to teach the lessons volume as much as the young men in intended. "Poetic license" causes oc- casional liberties with the Bible text, their hour of decision as to their life as when the "forbidden fruit" in gden is called an "apple." Most of work to whom this young minister has the words are simple and easily under- stood by the young boys and girls who primarily addressed his message. will find it easy to memorize the rhymes. The pictures are good. The Young Man'8 View of the Ministry is simple and practical as well as A. Correction.-John Lewis Hill, author of "When Black Meets helpfully (not fulsomely) personal. White, " is not a colored man, but is t.he white pastor of a church in Nash- The six divisions of the book-The ville, Tennessee.

Work, The Message, The Call, The NEW BOOKS Need, The Reward, An Appeal-com- Persian Women and Their Ways. C. Col· bine to send a ringing challenge to liver R.ice. Illus. Map. 312 pp. 218. Seeley, Service. London. 1923. men to givE' over their lives to Christ Unconquered Abyssinia As it is Today. to be used by Him in the abundant Charles F. Rey. Illus. Map. 312 pp. living and joyous serving He came 218. Seeley, Service. London. 1923.

to give. R. M. L. The Black Republic. Liberia, Its Social and Political Conditions Today. Henry New Blood. By Louise Rice. Illustrated. Fenwick Reeve. 200 pp. lOs, 6d. With· 12mo. 110 pp. $1.00 net. Fleming H. erby. London. 1923. Revell Co. New York. 1922. In Witch-Bound Africa. An Account of Immigrants furnish the material the Primitive Kaonde Tribe and Their for thesE' little "stories of the folks Beliefs. F. II. Melland. Illus. Maps. who make America." Though light 316 pp. 21$. Seeley, Service. London. reading for young folks and for mis- 1923. sionary circles, they will help to awaken interracial sympathy and a After Livingstone. An African Trade desire to help aliens. Romance. Fred L. M. Moir. lIlus. Map. 200 pp. 68. Hodder & Stoughton. Lon- India Painting Book. By Elsie A. Wood don. 1923. and Henry T. Vodden. Church Mission· ary Society. 1$. London. 1923. The Basuto of Basutoland. Eric Dutton. Illus. Map. 132 pp. lOs, 6d. Cape. Those who have seen the painting London. 1923. books of Egypt and other lands will (ConcZuded on 3d eover) welcome this. It is very attractive.

World Service. A Religious Pageant. By Alfred Luke Fanst. Pamphlet. 30 pp. 25 cents. Methodist Book Concern. New York. 1923.

Musical numbers are suggested, costumes, stage setting and lighting. If

~e MOSLEM

cA QUARTERLY MAGAZINE Published in JANUARY, APRIL, JULY, OCTOBER EDITED BY SAMUEL M.· ZWEMER, CAIRO, EGYPT ASSOCIATE EDITORS.

REv. H. U. WEITBRECHT ST.~NTO;/. Ph.D.. London. REV. V. ST. CLAIR TISD.{LL. Ph.D.. London.

PROF. D. B. lIJcCDON.LD. M.. .• D.D.. Hartford. Conn. MR. MARSHALL BROOMHALL, London.

CANON W. H. T. GAIRDNER. B.A., Cairo. Egypt. REV. E. M. WHERRY. D.D.. India.

REV. IV. G. SHELLABEAR. D.D .. Madison. N. J. REV. A1"THUR JEFFREY. M.A.• Cairo. Egypt.

REV. S. RALPH HARLOW. M.A., Smyrna.

THIS is the only magazine in English which gives first. hand contemporary information from the missionary point of view regarding the world of Islam as a whole. The current number contains articles by expert writers on The Present Situation in the Near East; The Shari-Chad Country, Central Afdca (with maps); Moravian Missions to Moslems; The Outlook in North Africa; France a Disintegrator of Islam; The Sudanese Woman's Ontlook on Life; The Holland Mission in Egypt; Mohammed's Birthday; Turkey Seen from Tarsus; Islam in Bulgaria; Economic and Social Conditions in East Arabia.

Its Chronicle of Current Events is unique. Book Reviews and a Survey of Periodicals appear in each number.

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The Re[l Chinese in America. .T. S. 1'0"". Chalmers of New Guinea. Alexander Illus. 168 pp. $1.50. Academy Press. SmalL Illus. 176 pp. 3s, 6d. Hodder Xew York. 1923. & Stoughton. London. 1923.

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American Bible Society One Hundred and Livingstone the Master Missionary. Hubert Seventh Annual Report-1923. American F. Livingstone Wilson. Dlus. Map. 230 Bible Society. Kew York. 1923. pp. 38, 6d. Hodder & Stoughton. Lon· don. 1923. India Pie-a Book of Stories and Pictures. Various Autltors. 61 pp. 18. Clturclt Japanese Civilization: Its Significance and ).IissionHl'y Society. London. 1923. R.ealization. R. Staomi. 238 pp. lOs, 6d. Regan Paul. London. 1923. Year BOBk of Prayer for Missions, 1924. 25 cents. ).fission Boards of the Presby- Education in China. Edited by T. T. Lew terian Church in U. S. A. and T. T. Teng. $2.50. (Mex.) Mission Book Co. Shanghai. 1923. At the Mercy of Turkish Brigands. Mrs. D. C. Eby. 285 pp. Bethel Publishing Southern Tibet. Sven Hedin. 9 vols. 2978 Co. :'ew Carlisle, Ohio. 1922. pp. Rr. 700. Lithographic Institute of the Swedislt Army. Stockholm. Every Foreign Woman-a Modern Miracle Play. Alice W. S. Brimson. 11 pp. 15 Wanderings in Arabia. 2 vols. Cltarles cents. VVoman's Americau Baptist Home M. Doughty. (New Edition.) Vol. T. Mission Society. 2969 Veruon Avenue, 309 pp. Va.!. II. 297 pp. 20s. Duck- Chicago. ] 923. worth. London. 1923.

The Spread of Christianity. Paul Hutchin· The Awakening of Palestine. Edited by son. lIlus. Maps. 276 pp. $1.50. Leonard Stein and Leon Simon. Essays Abingdon Press. New York. 1923. by Varions Writers. 326 pp. 78, 6d. Murray. London. 1923. Atlas of the Evangelical Lutheran Mission in New Guinea. Index. Maps by Stephan Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIE1'f OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers.

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Need Your Help for a Place to Worship Will You Be One to send $.5.00 01' more to build this church-the only one for lepers in America?

number of lepers in the United States is incrE'asing, and must in-' crease unless they' are properly segregated. The Government has provided Hospital Sixty-six iu ~lOuthe1'll Louisiana "as a leper colony which may soon house 500 lepers. ~ican Christians must, however, provide religious consolation, in- struction and a place of worship-The Government cannot do it. Will you help ~ The Roman Catholics have already provided a, priest and an attractive and commodious chapel for their constituency, but this does not meet the needs of the Protestant lepers. The Protestant Chapel, funds for which are being raised by The Ameri- can Mission to LepElrs, will COHt about $52,000. The Protestant chaplain is already on the field and is proving a blessing to these sufferers. The clergymen of New Orleans and Baton Rouge are cooperating in the "York. Every Christian Church in America should have a part in fnIing this great neE'd. Ten thousand shares at $5.00 each will make possible the erection of this chapel. FiYe thousand shares already taken. Will you or your church, or both, take one or more shares in this Christ- like world DO IT NOW!

THE NEED IS IMMEDIATE Let Your Benefactions Live After You THIS IS A PART OF A WORLD-WIDE PROGRAM TO CLEANSE THE LEPER and TO RID THE WORLD of LEPROSY

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1924

XLVII NUMBER

MARCH, 1924 z CONTRASTS IN MEXICO SUE REYNOLDS STALEY PARABLES OF PRAYER SADHU SUNDAR SINGH IDEAL CHURCH IN THE MISSION FIELD ROBERT E. SPEER THE WEST INDIES AS A MISSION FIELD CHARLES S. DETWEILER WHAT GOD HATH WROUGHT FOR THE RED MAN THOMAS C. MOFFETT HINDRANCES TO CHISTIANITY IN JAPAN K. MIYAZAKI $2.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COpy MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY 3d and REILY STS., HARRISBURG, PA. 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK

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. nMJer ha~e a chance to read them 'BOOKS WITH , at all." -THOREAU. PURPOSE ~ TEACHING WORK TWELVE TESTS OF CHARACTER OF THE CHURCH Harry Emerson Fosdick Prepared under the direction ofthe Commit- tee on the War and Religious Author of Meaning of Prayer, Meaning of Outlook Faith, Meaning of Ser"ice, Manhood of the Master, Assurance of Immortal- A book which unites in a sillgle au- ity and Second Mile thoritative volume the judgmellt and experiellce of a group of educational Although Dr. Fosdick's subject is leaders from every denominatioll, and serious, the colorful imagery and approaches the 'problem of the timely illustrations used in its presen- Church's educational task as a unified tation, and the charm of his casy- 7uhole–not ill terms of any agellCY or flowing style, make this a book whose agencies, but in terms of lite needs. outstanding feature is its absorbing Every pastor, and every layman who interest. He goes right to the heart has any interest in the Sunday-school, of these character essentials in a work with boys or young people, or straight-forward way that makes a other phases of Christian education, special appeal to young people, and will find this book invaluable in this book is easilr adaptable to classes elarifying the perplexing confusion of or discussion groups. Every reader, present conditions. and pointing the young or old, will enjoy the sound way to a constructive program for the sense and practical religion packed future. into this book, and the inspiration of Dr. Fosdick's spirited style.

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CONFRONTING YOUNG MEN WITH THE LIVING CHRIST John R. Mott General Secrc:tary of the International Committee of Young Men's Chnstian Associations Eight stirring addresses delivered on a l'ontinent-wide tour. "Testimonies from many places sho1c that the 'impulses of Dr. ~Iott's appeals are being translated into warmth, light and power, intensifying the spiritual life of whole communities and all the churP]lCs in them," says the ('onh·nellt. Cloth, $1.50.

ASSOCIATION PRESS Publication Department Inter. Comm. YMCA New York 347 Madison Avenue Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. EasteJ~- and Handkerchiefs Known the country over as a Treasure House of fine linens, you can buy Gift Handkerchiefs from McCutcheon's with implicit confidence in their quality and workmanship. And-the range of prices is as varied as the styles.

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Department No. 20 Reg. US Rlt. Off. Fifth Avenue and 34th Street, New York Faith of our fathers! living still In spite of Jungeon, fire anJ SWON: o how our heaTts beat hillh with joy Whene'er we hear that glorious word! Faith of our fathers! holy faith! We will be true to thee till death!

What does that faith mean to yOU?

What are you doing to carryon, to spread that Gospel-to build up Christ's Church? Are you doing all you can do? Are your dollars taking their full share in the work? Do you realize that you can provide for all this and have an assured income during your lifetime through our LIFE ANNUITY PLAN Write to: George M. Fowles, Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City, or W. J. Elliott, Trea!urer of the Board 01 Hom~ Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, I 701 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Please mention TH~ MISSIONARY REV1EW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review 0 f the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Edllol CONTENTS FOR MARCH, 1924 Page FRONTISPIECE …………………. RESl.'I,TS OF CHRISTIA,'1 MISSIONS IN CuBA EDITORIALS .•……………………………………………..•…… 165 CALL TO A WORLD-WIDE YEAR OF PRAYER SHALL THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH RETREAT? HO~fE MISSION WQRKE&S IN CONFERENCE A NATIONAL MISSIONS CAMPAIGN IN Roo HESTER SPIRITUAL AWAKENING IN LATIN AMEKICA THE PLIGHT OF GERMAN CHII,DREN STUDENT V1EWS OF THE INDIANAPOLIS CONVENTION CONTRASTS IN MEXICO ………………………………. SUE R. STALEY 175 A graphic pieture of the progress maile in li1exic<Jin the pa.st ha.lt-century in ma.terial, iwteHectua! (JJItd 8pi.ritual conditions.

PARABLES OF PR,AYER ………………………….. RWHU SO'ND.ill SINGH 178 Seed thou[Jhts a.nd minta·ture pict''''es from this well-known Indian Christian, revealing the purpose a.nil power of prayer_ THE IDEAL c:gURCH IN THE MISSION FIELD …. _……. ROBERT E. SPEER 179 An a.eRdress a.t a recen·t Nmferenee on the character·,:.,tic.• a.nd aims that should be manifesteil in the Christian Church ii' every land.

'l'HE WEST INDIES AS A MISSION FIELD ………… OHAKLES S. DETWEILER 183 A study of islands 'i" the Gulf of Mexico a.nd the Caribbean Sea–thcir needs and the way in- which the North Amer':can Chu.rch is meeting' them.

CONVERTIDOS IN SANTO DOMINGO ……………….. NE[,LIEl M. WHIFFEN 189 .A bri.e! story of some resUlts in the Free Methodist Mission.

WHAT GOD HATH WROUGHT ]'OR THE RED MAN ….• THOMAS C. MOFFETrT 190 Some of the ou.tsta.nding results of Protestant m's.•ionary lIJork for the America" Indians, u.s Been by a well-known authority.

HINDRANCES TO CRR-ISTIANITY IN JAPAN ……………… K. MIYAZAKI 193 A Japa.nese view of Japanese religions and their influence on. his fellow C()un'try' m,en.

'I'HE OR.ITTCAL SITUATION IN GERMAN MISSIONS …… A. L. WARNSHIUS 198 A e'arcful stuily of the facts in reference to Protesta.nt miR8i07"arYi work of the German societies and the effect of the presen.1 jina.neial distres8.

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Robert E. Speer, President Willam I. ChamberlaIn, Vice-President PUbllcati~nel~m~, L3dP~r~:il:sc~~~allarrlSburg. Editorial !aJttfus~c~~ucJ;;l!e, T{5:s;r;th Avenue, Pa. 25c a copy $2.60 a year New York CIty Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office. Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. PERSONALS A CHOSEN LEADER.

BISHOP FRED B. FISHER, of the M. E. AND A C#lJoUfiN I..ANO Church in India, ul'l'ived in Xew York early in January. ./ … –~0 ;./ /' K. T. PAUl" II native IUllian Y. 111. C. A. ~ 'I~ – – leader, has been elected President of the next session of the All-India Conference of ~.1t_ . Indian Christians. Gen. '2.: '_'. DR. J. N. FARQUHAR, author of "Modern Religious Movements in India," who has rendered such distinguished service for years as Literary Secretary of. the Y. M. C. A. in India, has accepted the chair of Comparative Religion at Manchester University.

REV. CH,lUNCEY W. GOODRICH, for the past six years pastor of the American Church in Paris, has been appointed American repre- vt sentative of the Central Bureau for Relief of the Evangelical Churches in Europe, with his office at that of the Federal Council in New York.

BASIL MATTHEWS, of the London Missionary Society, has accepted a position, with headqnarters at Geneva, in connection with the boys' work of the World's Committee of the Y. M. C: A.

W. G. LANDES, General Secretary of the World's Snnday School Association, sailed from New York January 26th for a threemonths' trip which will be devoted chiefly to preparations in Great Britain for the World '8 Sunday School Convention in Glasgow in June.

REV. CHARLES E. oVf ERt hMeILYBoA~rad California District Secretary of Home Missions and Church Extension of the M.

E. Church, has become General Secretary of the Home Missions Council.

REV. STEPHEN VAN R. TROWBRIDGE, Secretary for Moslem Lands of the World's Sunday School Association, whose HI-healt)] necessitated prolonging his stay since his return froIll Egypt three years ago, sailed with Mrs. Trowbridge on January 5th to resume work ill Cairo-, OBITUARY What Sunday-school Lesson o( 1924 are these Little J etts illustrating? A new, REV. JAMES I. GOOD, D.D., LL.D., Presi- .different set of these quaint little black dent of the Board of Foreign Missions of figures appears on the lesson every week the Reformed Church in U. S., and professor in Central Theological Seminary, exclusively in Dayton, Obio, died suddenly in Philadelphia J annary 22nd, in the seventy-fourth year of his age.

A CORRECTION This genlus stroke of Wade C. Smith is looked for and used more eagerly than almost any other DR. H. V. S. PEEKE, whose interesting lesson feature ever published, by grown-ups as article on "The Earthquake a.nd the Church well as little ones the world around. You can in Japan," appeared in our February num- get acquainted with the little Jetts and The ber. is one of the outstanding missionaries Times. for ten weeks. by sending 25 cents to the of the Reformed Church in America, and Sunday School Times Co.• 1031 Walnut Street. not, as was stated, of the Presbyterian Philadelphia. Pa•• mentioning Missionary Review of the World.

Board of Foreigu Missions.

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CANDLER> COLLEGE, (METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, SOUTH) HAVANA

FRUITS OF PROTESTANT WORK IN THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF REGLA, CUBA SOME RESULTS OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN CUBA

MISSIONARY

f,VIEW~ VOL. MARCH,1924 NUMBER XLVII THREE CALL TO A WORLD-WIDE YEAR OF PRAYER I F ever the Church of Chrlst and the whole wide world needed a new manifestation of the power of God, that time is today. With the Church torn by controversy; with multitudes of Christians exhibiting far more likeness to the world than to their Master j with a great shortage 'of consecrated money and men for God's work j with even missionaries on the frontiers divided in teaching and policy; with relationships between those of various races and classes strained to the breaking point because of an un-Christian spirit; with almost every nation in the throes of economic, social and political disorder and distress; and with many international disputes, due to selfishness and suspicion, threatening a recourse to arms for a test of strength but not of righteousness-with all these elements and conditions worl~ing against the reign of God over men's hearts and lives, His people may well be called together for united, heart-searching intercession to the Almighty Ruler of the universe.

Last July the International Missionary Council, at its Oxford meeting, proposed such a world-wide call to prayer. The national missionary organizations, after in vain attempting to fix a special day of prayer, have decided to invite the Christian Churches of all lands to make this a year of prayer, that Christ's followers may be brought into more perfect harmony with His will and that there may be a new manifestation of God's love and saving power throughout the world. Each nation, Church or society is asked to select its own special day or days of prayer within the year, and to make plans for their observance on the lines of a world-wide outlook. In Great Britain, the date selected is November 30th; and in America, the Home and Foreign Mission Boards have chosen Friday, March 7th, as the special Day of Prayer for Missions.

It is to be hoped that Christians everywhere will heartily cooperate in carrying out this proposal. When God, the Almighty and All-loving universal Sovereign, invites and urges us to come to Him 165

in prayer; when Jesus Christ, our Lord, set us the example of prayer; when holy men of old prayed as they were moved by the Holy Spirit; and when multitudes of men and women of all ages, races and conditions unite in bearing witness to the efficacy of prayer, surely we cannot afford to neglect such a privilege in such a crisis. The Church, as the Body, the Bride, the Trustee of Christ in the earth, is responsible to Him for the use of this privilege. There is no need for pessimism or discouragement, but there is need for faith, for courage, for wisdom, for Christ-control, for self-forgetfulness, for loyal obedience, for power, for more perfect filling with the Spirit of God-and all these may be had in answer to earnest believing prayer to God.

SHALL THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH RETREAT~ M OST of the Mission Boards are facing the tragedy of re- trenchment on account of insufficient funds. One comIp.uni- cation reads: Have you ever been in a region where the Gospel has never been proclaimed ~ Into such a territory some of our Chinese Bible women recently went, traveling by houseboat. They visited over one hundred towns and villages. Everywhere they found a hearty welcome and eager listeners. "Often the women, hungry to hear more, would gather at the bank of the canal at the close of day, and ask the Bible women to tell them more, and like the Master of old, these Chinese followers of His have preached to the crowds from their boats." There are more than 3,000 converted native Christians, ordained and unordained, doing this and similar evangelistic work in fifteen different lands. Do you believe this ministry should be continued 1 Such evangelistic effort is dependent upon the training provided in our Christian schools. The spreading of the Gospel, on the part of the native Church, will fail if there. are not schools in which to train qualified native evangelists. Non-Christian education and anti- Christian influence menace the progress of Christianity. Christian education must provide leaders, not alone for the growing native Church, but for all walks of life. ]'rom kindergarten to university we are bringing Christian influence to bear upon more than 131,000 pupils. Do you believe such ministry should be continued ~ In another mission field, 600 miles from the nearest mission station, a mission hospital ministers to an area larger than that of France. Through its evangelistic ministry many have heard for the first time the message of Christianity. The service of this hospital for body and soul is being duplicated in 197 other hospitals and dispensaries of our Church in foreign lands. More than 370,000 patients were treated last fiscal year. Do you believe such ministrr shQuld be continued ~

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

'Whether the evangelistic, medical, educational and other foreign missionary work of the Church is to be continued, or drastically curtailed is being determined between now and March 31st, the close of the fiscal year. Up to January 16th, to apply on obligations we received less than one half of the amount required by the budget. This is an increase of 11 8/10% over the corresponding period of last year. We need an increase of 33 1/39"0. Will you give these facts your earnest consideration, and help with a prompt response~ Similar appeals come from each one of the Mission Boards. The responsibility is heavy and a call to retreat is heart-breaking. Curtailment means placing a burden on our self-sacrificing representatives on the field, such as they should not be asked to bear and such as threatens a break-down under the strain of anxiety and over-work. What is your response to your workers abroad, your Board at home and to your God ~ HOME MISSION WORKERS IN CONFERENCE T HE greatness and variety of the field and task of winning America for Christ is cIearly revealed in the annual confer- enCe of Home Mission forces. With a field that extends from the Arctic Circle to the Tropics, and nearly one third of the way around the globe; dealing with a population of over 125,000,000 people, of whom at least one half show no evidence of being vitally related to Christ and His Churcn; working for AmE'ricans and foreigners, Negroes, Indians, Mexicans and Orientals; endeavoring to give the Gospel of Christ to cities, industrial plants, villages, farms, mountains, forests, mines, prairies and fisheries and undertaking to win Mormons, Jews, Confucianists, Buddhists, Shintoists, atheists, indifferentists and nominal Christians, through preacllillg, teaching, literature and social service-such is the multiple problem discussed this year (January 11 to 15), at Atlantic City by representatives of over fifty denominational Home Mission Boards and interdenominational societies.

With such a variety of reports to be made, themes to be discussed and plans to be proposed, it is difficult for the conference to exhibit unity except in the one great purpose of bringing America into harmony with the great far-reaching program of Christ.

This year is marked by the retirement from office of the two honored General Secretaries of the Home Missions Council, Dr. Alfred Williams Anthony and Rev. Rodney W. Roundy, and the election of Dr. Charles E. Vermilya to succeed them. Mrs. Fred S. Bennett, for several years the able President of the Conncil of Women for Home Missions, has also been succeeded by Mrs. John Ferguson of the United Presbyterian Church.

Among the man~' interesting reports and discussions of the Conference was that on "Standardization of I:lome Mission Seryice,"

At present, many Boards make no definite contract with their missionary workers, have inadequate standards for their candidates and unsatisfactory methods of recruiting for service. Salaries vary from $240 to $2,500 a year. Two Boards are attempting to cooperate with local churches in adopting a "seven-year plan" of service on a definite basis. There are three times as many agencies for enlisting volunteers for Home Mission work as there are agencies for putting them into the field. There is great need, also, to find some way of putting Home Mission workers into the special field and type of work where he or she will render most effective service. Candidate secretaries, printed contracts, educational standards, some specialized training, standardized salaries, sabbatical years and disability pensions are greatly needed in Home Mission service if the best results are to be obtained.

Another important proposal made at the conference, and referred to the Joint Administrative Committee with power, was the plan to hold a great National Home Missions Conference sometime in the year 1925. This conference, if held, will be a large interdenominational.delegated body, similar to the world-wide mission conferences occasionally held under the auspices of the Foreign Mission Boards. This gathering will not be held at such a time as to conflict with the Foreign Missions Conference which is also proposed for next year. The "Christianization of America" has been suggested as the general theme. It is hoped that a large number of smaller Home Missions conventions may be arranged in various cities throughout the country, similar to that held in Rochester last December.

Cooperation is always strongly stressed in these annual gatherings of Home Mission executives, and great progress has been made in this respect during the past sixteen years. More or less effective interdenominational programs are in operation not only in our larger cities, through local federations, but through statewide committees in Utah, Montana, Idaho, California and Wyoming, in Washington, Colorado, Oregon and North Dakota. There is union or cooperative work in Cuba, Porto Rico, Panama Canal Zone, Alaska, Hawaii and Haiti. Through conferences and joint committees, plans for cooperation are taking definite shape for Orientals, Mexicans, Indians, Negroes, Jews, migrant workers and immigrants. The recommendations adopted on cooperative work include: (1) Calling attention of Christian churches to the large number of neglected fields in America.

(2) The study and readjustment of over-occupied fields. (3) The adoption of a slogan-" Concerted Advance in Unchurched and One-Churched Communities." (4) The publication of unimpeachable facts in regard to the growth of Evangelical churches. (5) Advance by all Home Mission Boards in the Evcry-Communit,Y Service Endeavor,

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

Considerable interest was aroused in the discussion on work for the Orientals in California and in the Christian solution of race questions relating to Chinese, Japanese, Negroes and Jews. Work for Spanish-speaking Americans also calls for a special survey and a conference is proposed to consider the need for an adequate program of cooperation in the Hawaiian Islands.

With a view to making future annual conferences still more effective, it is proposed to emphasize each year some central theme and to provide outstanding addresses on such topics as the Relation of Religious Education to Home Missions, the Cultivation of Missionary Interest in the Home Church, the Value of the Home Mission Enterprise to the Nation and the World, or the Relation of Evangelism to Social and Economic Problems.

Anyone with spiritual vision who reads the American daily papers or who moves freely about our cities and rural districts must realize that the business, social, domestic, intellectual or even Church order in America is far from ideally Christian in standards or practice. There is great need for a deep and widespread spiritual awakening to ch~nge the whole life of individuals and of society. Only God, through His Spirit, can work this regeneration, but He is ever ready to do it through Spirit-filled Christians and churches.

A NATIONAL MISSIONS CAMPAIGN IN ROCHESTER nA.SERIES of conferences and mass meetings was held in Roches- tel', December 8-10, 1923, under the direction of committees of the local Federation of Churches working in cooperation with the Home Missions Council and the Council of Vi!omen for Home Missions. This gathering, known as the National Missions Conference, was notable as the first attempt to present the subject of home missions in a popular way in a given community by the national boards working unitedly. It was the result of the acceptance of the invitation of the Federation of Chur-ches of Rochester following the successful foreign mission conference held in that city in November, 1922.

On Home Missions Day, Sunday, December 9, the pulpits of Rochester and adjacent communities vere filled by sixty-seven speakers, representing the various church extension and home mission hoards. They addressed 150 services at which Home Missions were the central theme. Groups of laymen representing the various local churches met for dinner Saturday evening to discuss the problems of the downtown city church and Were addressed by Prof. Wm. M. Gilbert of Drew Seminary and Dr. C. A. Brooks of the Baptist Home :![ission Society. A large gathering of ministers met for luncheon un Monday noon, when Dr. Alfred Williams Anthony, for many years secretary of the Home Missions Council, spoke of the cooperative tasks of the churches, and Dr. John McDowell of the Presbyterian Board emphasized the need of Christ's dynamic in our programs.

The group conferences were held on Saturday and Monday, and gave local workers in religious, social and civic affairs, the opportunity to discuss modern home missions in such fruitful topics as Life Enlistment; A Christian Oode for the Oity, Immigration Problems and Country Life Work.

At the young people's mass meeting on Sunday afternoon, and d the supper served at the Y. W. O. A. immediately afterward, Dr. A. Ray Petty, Miss Laura H. Parker and Miss Jessie Dodge "White gave stirring addresses that had as a common theme the awakening of a national Ohristian conscience and individual responsibility in view of the needs of a despairing world. Monday afternoon, Mrs. 'rhomas oW. Bickett, widow of ex-governor Bickett of North Oarolina, and Miss Alice Brimson addressed a woman's mass meeting, and an inter-racial meeting on Monday evening was addressed by Mrs. Bickett and Dr. George E. Haines. As a result of this meeting an interracial committee was formed in Rochester.

This first National Missions Oonference will probably have a far-reaching effect upon the community. It reflected the excellent cooperative spirit of the various denominational boards, and helped to create ari atmosphere in which the Ohristian people of an entire city and its environs were enabled to visualize themselves as members of a great national Christian unit striving toward worthy goals.

SPIRITUAL AWAKENINGS IN LATIN AMERICA M EXIOO, now in the limelight because of revolution, has had a great spiritual awakening; The Department of Education has issued a special popular edition of the New Testament for distribution among schools and libraries. The issue was exhausted immediately, the general public buying a large part of it, and a second and much larger issue is now on the press.

The educated classes in Latin America show a tendency to shift from the economic philosophy to a spiritual one. A group of students in Buenos Aires has just established an important magazine which emphasized that "the last ten years of war have demonstrated that man is a religious being more than a being of economic temperament."

For the first time probably in the history of South America a distinguished intellectual, one of the editors of La N acion of Buenos Aires, has resigned his position to enter work as an evangelist among the educated classes. This is Sr. J. Navarro Monzo, now serving under the Young Men's Ohristian Associatiou. His new book on "Basic Principles of Modern Civilization" marks an epoch in Ohristian literature in Spanish.

Students and workmen of Peru last year engaged in a strenuous fight for religious liberty, under the leadership of a university student who declares that only the teachings of Jesus Ohrist can solve the

1924J EDITORIAL COMMENTS

problems of South America. About a year ago an attempt was made to get the National Assembly of Peru to approve a concordat with the Pope. This movement having failed, through the opposition of the students and others, the President and Archbishop agreed to consecrate the republic to the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Sr. Haya de la Torre, who exerted strong influence both among the students and laboring classes because of his spirit and leadership, succeeded in arranging a manifestacion against this proposed consecration.. Dur- ing the demonstration the students and their followers collided with the government and clerical forces and five students were killed. Following another demonstration at the burial of these heroes, Sr. Haya de la Torre was forced to hide from the government authorities, who had instructions to deport him. He was lateL- imprisoned and after a short time was exiled. At Panama, he received a cable from the Department of Education of the Mexican Government inviting him to serve in that department in coordinating the student move- ments of all Latin America and is now in Mexico City. Sr. Torre was a teacher in an Evangelical school in Peru, so clerical influence attempted to involve the director of the school, Dr. John Mackay and also Rev. John Ritchie, director of an Evangelical printing house. Orders for the deportation of these two missionaries were only with- drawn when the British Minister intervened.

The activity of the Roman Catholic Church against Protestantism is very noticeable, particularly in Mexico and in Peru. In the former country this went so far as to destroy in some places Protestant property, to kill one of the workers and to wound several others. The renewai of old hostilities seems to coincide with the development of the Knights of Columbus in Mexico. In contrast several prominent officials have expressed openly their sympathies for religious liberty and advancement of evangelical work. That is specially true of Presidents Obregon of Mexico, Alessandri of Chile and Orellana :)f Guatemala.

Social and educational movements also show new life in Latin America. The Pan-American Conference at Santiago decided to establish an Inter-American Labor Commission to study labor problems in this continent, and the status of women before the law in the various American countries, and recommended to the Government various measures for the suppression of the use of alcoholic beverages. The Child Welfare Conference in Rio de Janeiro, the visit of the American College of Surgeons and other similar events have greatly advanced public health movements. In Mexico wider educational relationships have developed between Mexico and the other countries of Latin America. The University of Mexico has placed itself at the head of a movement for the interchange of professors and students and publications among the Latin American countries. The student movements in Latin America have continued

to gain in importance although in some countries like Chile their liberal ideals seem to have had a set back and they have come under the sway of nationalism. s. G. 1.

THE PLIGHT OF GiJDRMAN CHILDREN T HAT war produces and fosters more evils than it remedies is clearly proved by the present unhappy condition in Europe- especially in Germany. Some of the countries are slowly and painfully recovering and we hope are surely, though slowly learning the lessons of the futility of armed strife which is the outgrowth of suspicion, jealousy and hatred. Germany had the less painful experience during the war but now is suffering most severely. Unfortunately, as is usually the case, it is not those who were responsible for provoking strife who suffer most. It is the children and those who had no voice in the matter and who were misled in their conception of the cause of the conflict and its certain outcome.

Today, starvation and ruin face millions of the German peoplenot so much those in authority, but the families of teachers, pastors, other professional classes and clerks. Their money is practically worthless so that savings have shrunk to nothing and the banks have cancelled deposits of less than 2,000,000 marks. In church collections, it is said that contributions of less than 1,000,000 marks are sold for old paper. The decline in the value of paper currency is such that incomes which might be thought adequate one month are almost valueless the next. Students have worked for three months in the summer only to find that in the fall their wages would buy only a loaf of bread. Not only do students and the families of professional men have little or no money for food but they cannot buy fuel, books or papers and are destitute of clothing and medicine. In some churches 85% of the wage earners are unemployed most of the time and face starvation.

This situation is hardest on the old people and on innocent little children, many of whom have not tasted milk for weeks or months. The birth rate has dropped, and rickets, tuberculosis, amemia, scrofula and other diseases are prevalent, due to improper nourishment. One third of the children are said to be physically unable to attend school. Suicide is frequent among those who have not the courage or strength to face the hardships. Shall Americans allow these children to suffer and die for the material things that we can easily supply? No personal feeling against the shortcomings of German officials should harden the hearts or close the hands of any whom the love of Christ has quickened to life.

The suffering people have sold their most precious possessions to supply their wants. The German Government has reduced the army to a necessary police force and is endeavoring to feed Hs orphans and some of the school children; breadlines have been

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

established and about fifty per cent of the Friends' relief administered in Germany is provided by the State. Laws have been passed to curb the profiteers but many of these have escaped from the country with their ill-gotten wealth.

If Europe is to be saved from ruin, which would severely affect America also, some basis must be found for reconstructing the whole economic life of Europe. The time to act is now. If Ohristians in America are large-hearted enough and far-sighted enough to come unselfishly to the rescue, their testimony to the love and power of Ohrist will not be in vain. Religion has suffered because the Socialists identify the Ohurch with political issues due to the union of State and Ohurch. Therefore, a free Ohurch movement is needed which will be on spiritual lines and will have Ohrist alone as its Head. Here is a great opportunity to show that Ohristianity is vital and practical.

Contributions may be sent through the "Committee on Merey and Relief," Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, Albert G. Lawson, Treasurer, 105 East 22d Street, New York. Undesignated funds will be distributed through reliabl6 Protestant agencies in GerIlany representing the Federal Council or they may be designated to go through denominational channels, through the American Friends Service Oommittee or through the Student Fellowship Fund. Three dollars will feed a child for one month.

STUDENT VIEWS OF THE INDIANAPOLIS OONVENTION YOUTH allowed its idealistic dreams a good deal of free play at the Indianapolis Oonvention. 'There was much groping, much puzzling. There was also much sound and sincere thinking. The older leaders were still able to awaken the crusading response. The younger leaders were genuinely appreciative of the old. The results of the conference for many a delegate might be summed up in the words of Susan Blow, "I want to advance; but I want to advance with the past at my back." ….

In many quarters there was felt the need for a more continuous emphasis on the place of the individual in the fight for a finer world, with consecration brought down out of the clouds and incarnated in practical suggestions and clean-cut delineations. This present age mistrusts the phrase, "Ohrist is sufficient to meet the world's' need" when that is all that is said. The query comes to be, "Howl" and "Lord, what wouldst thou have me to do ~" ….

This Student Volunteer Oonvention was undoubtedly a mountaintop experience for hundreds of America's noblest young men and women. We hope and pray that once for all the idea was exploded that there are two brands of Ohristianity, the personal and the social. We hope and pray that all of us may realize that the following of Jesus is a unifying and integrating program for life. We hope and pray that all of us may act sacrificially upon the vision which we have received of a world to be won, and that we may throw ourselves,

at the very threshold of our careers, with abandon and joy and selfabnegation into the cause of Christ, both here and in foreign lands.

ERDMAN HARRIS, New York, Chairman of the" Student Expression" session of the Convention.

One could not go to such a convention as the one held at Indianapolis by the Student Volunteer Movement without receiving certain, clear-cut impressions. The out-standing one to me was the difference between the so-called older and younger generations.

I love the younger generation. I belong to it. I love its hopefulness, its sincerity, its willingness to serve, but I deplore its unwillingness to profit by the many vital lessons which experience has taught those who have gone before. The older generation, represented at . the convention by such men as Canon Woods and Mr. Wilder, know that Jesus Christ is the one solution for suffering humanity. The younger generation, for the most part, would seek to alleviate such suffering by better laws, education and social reform. In our optimism we would forget that Plan is sinful and needs a Saviour, and that unless men's hearts are changed other methods fail, no matter how good they may be in themselves.

Over and over again native Christian leaders from India, China, Japan and Africa in speaking to the students said: "We want your education, your science and your social reforms, but more than all these we ask you to bring us the Gospel Message. Our people need the Lord Jesus Ohrist." Yet in the discussion groups conducted by the students, the main topics discussed were the Race Problem and War. These are practical and interesting subjects, but when we consider that the motto of the Student Volunteer Movement is "The evangelization of the world in this generation," it is easy to see that such discussions miss the mark.

Our generation will fail in its contribution to world evangelization unless we ask God to give us the spiritual understanding of the original leaders of our Student Volunteer Movement. We need a new vision: a vision of a world lost in sin, and the one and only hope for that lost world, our Lord and Saviour Jesus Ohrist. When God has given us that vision other methods of relieving suffering humanity will fall into their proper place, and we will gladly obey Christ's last command to us, "Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature."

RUTH D. BAILEY, Chicago.

Student at the Moody Bible Institute.

PLAYGROUND OF TH E CHRISTLN CENTER

Contrasts in Mexico BY SUE REYNOLDS STALEY, BRISTOL, TENNESSEE PER. HAPS nowhere else in the world is there a country so full of contrast as Mexico. With a university founded before Harvard or Yale were ever dreamed of, its masses are distressing'ly ignorant. With a hospital established before the Ameri- can Colonies were formed, Mexico as a nation is as ignorant of the laws of sanitation and hygiene as any country in the world. With a perfect constitution, its rulers and people have for the past century heen a law unto themselves. With natural riches, almost unsur- passed, its masses are abj ectly poor. .

The unlimited wealth of the few, in contrast with the masses of poverty-stricken people, is marvelously demonstrated in Chihuahua.

For here, in his stately palace, resides Luis Terrazas, usually spoken of as "Cattle-King," one of the wealthiest, if not the wealthi est man in Mexico, owning' almost the entire state of Chihuahua. H e is one of the landowners, who, through gTeed and grasp, combined with political intrigue has oppressed the Mexican people, keeping them in a state of poverty and ignorance. In Chihuahua you will see the palatial home of Luis 'l'errazas, and a few other mansions owned by wealthy Mexicans, but with the same glance, you can see thousands 175

of Mexican peons living in homes of one and two rooms, many of them windowless, with only one door for the entrance of man and light and the only exit for the smoke from the small charcoal stove, usually made from a discarded oil can. On this primitive stove, the Mexican housewife boils her clothes, friholes and chiles. If friendly, she will show you her Metate, the stones with which she grinds her corn, previously soaked in limewater. This damp dough is patted with the hands, into thin cakes, and baked on a hot stone. These thin cakes, or Tortillas, as they call them, are the staple food of the Mexicans. The Metate, or stones, are uscd also for grinding coffee, chile and other foods. The coffee ground between these two stones is as fine as any powder. The motion of grinding on t:qe Metate stones .is much like that of the rolling pin on the flour board, as used in America. The one room, constituting a Mexican home, ·may also be used for a shoe shop, or some other home industry. In addition to the members of the family, a home of one or two rooms is often inhabited by guinea pigs, cats, dogs, pigeons and chickens. The Mexicans are great lovers of flowers and birds. In every home that can afford a patio (inner court) corresponding to an American back yard, will be seen numerous cages, with yellow, red and blue birds in them, and blooming plants in a greater variety of color.

On the streets of Ohihuahua, you will see a Mexican half breed, barefooted, wearing a dollar pair of trousers, a fifty cent shirt, and a ten dollar sombrero. With the same glance, you will see an aboriginal Tarahumare Indian, and a twentieth century businessman. The most conspicuous thing, about the male population of Mexico, so far as the masses of halfbreeds are c011cerned, is their hats. These are bought, even if the purchase does force the buyer to go hungry for months. At one time the brims of the }'[exican sombrero got so wide that the hats had to be tipped sidewise to be gotten into the cars. So the Government resorted to a tax of $1.00 for every four inches of brim added to the hat.

It is said of the Tarahumare Indian, that not even Greece and Rome in the palmiest days of their athletic history produced a race of greater physical endurance, living eight days' run from the city of Ohihuahua. They are as fleet footed as the deer, and can endure more in distance. It is a simple feat for them to run down and catch wild horses, and the women are as good runners as the men. Ohampion racers of the world, and the cleanest people, morally, in Mexico. They wear their hair long, it is bound with red and white bands, according to sex. The courtship and proposal of a Tarahumare Indian is a very simple affair. At social gatherings the Tarahumares sit on the ground in a circle, a boy throws a stone at the girl he wants, and if she accepts the proposal, she throws a stone back to him. Without further ceremony, they consider themselves married.

The contrast and variety in types of locomotion in Ohihuahua is

CONTRASTS IN "MEXICO

quite as striking as is the homes aud people. -Within the maius of a few blocks one will see an Indian Cargador, a Mexican Burro, an ox cart, a carriage, an automobile, a street car and a railway train.

In all Mexico one will see no more picturesque sight than the long train of little Burros coming down the mountain, with their huge packs of wood, sand, earth, stone, vegetables, milk or water, driven by the equally picturesque figure of the Mexican Peon, with his huge hat made of sun-bleached pahn leaves, and a rainbow-tinted serape thrown across his shoulders. The Burro, in size and appearance, patience and meekness, resembles the American donkey.

Another striking contrast in the city of Chihuahua is the ruins of a palatia~ Mexican home, devastated by the ruthless work of the Mexican soldiers, during the recent revolution. Directly in front of the ruins stand the quaint and stately Spanish buildings of Colegio Palmore, untouched by those same ruthless hands. Weare reminded of the Psalmist's words, "Though an host should encamp against me, my heart shall not fear, though war should rise against me, in this will I be confident. For in the time of trouble he shall hide me in IJis pavilion, in the secret of his tabernacle shall he hide me. " In this splendid institution over four hundred boys and girls are under the moulding iniluence of a faculty of eighteen Christian men and women. The line of march, chapel exercises, excellent work in graded, commercial and kindergarten departments would do credit to any Ameri- ("an school. The spiritual power of the school is evidenced by a list of twenty-six student volunteers. It is an inspiring sight to see a crowded Sunday-school of Mexicans singing in Spanish, "Onward Christian Soldiers," as they march to their classes, and old and young uniting in the opening song, "Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord God, Almighty." Although the church is spacious, it is necessary to hold a number of the Sunday-school classes at Centro Christiano, the splendid industrial educational and social center. Here, during the week are held night classes in English and domestic science, kitchengarden and kindergarten classes during the day. A dispensary is being equipped and. will be opened soon. Another splendid feature of Centro Christiano is the day nursery and playgrounds, where mothers may leave their children while they go out to work. No more homelike or beautiful spot can be found than the upper balcony of this home, overlooking the patio, which is used for the playground of the day nursery. Here one knows the mood of the Psalmist when he said, "I will lift up mine eyes unto the hills from whence cometh my help. " The long range of hills in the distance, the eternal blue of the sky, the white billowy clouds, with a sun shining back of them whose radiance can but cause one to reflect on the glory and majesty and power of the Sun of Righteousness, and to feelless the outer world's control, the world that time and sense have known.

:2 BY SADHU SUNDAR SINGH, SIMLA HILLS, INDIA T HERE are some plants whose leaves and flowers fold them- selves when the sun goes down and unfold again when softly touched on the morrow by the sun's light. In this way, they fibsorb the warmth and life of the sun so necessary for their existence and growth. So, in prayer, our hearts are open to the Sun of Right- eousness; we are safe from the dangers and difficulties of darkness, und grow into the fulness of the stature of Christ.

We may not change God's plans by prayer, but the man who prays is himself changed and is brought into harmony with God's plan.

Ctenophores are so extremely delicate that the splash of a wave would tear them into shreds. Whenever there is even a hint of an approaching storm, they sink deep into the sea, beyond the reach of the storm. So, when the man of prayer anticipates Satan's attacks Dnd the storm of sin in the world, he may enter into the ocean of God's love where there is eternal peace and calm.

The wonderful peace which the man of prayer feels while pray- ing is not the result of his own imagination or thought, but is the outcome of the presence of God in his soul. The vapor rising from a small pond cannot become large clouds and descend as a great shower of rain. It is only from the mighty ocean that large clouds, filled with the rain, can come to quench the thirsty earth and make it fertile.

It is not from our little subconscious minds, but from the illimitable ocean of God's love, with which we are in contact in prayer, that the peace comes.

The sun shines perpetually with the full light of noonday day and night, and the succession of the seasons is not due to changes in the sun, but to the rotation and movements of the earth. The Sun of Righteousness is "the same yesterday and today and forever"

(Heb. 13: 8). We may be alternately exalted with joy or sunk in gloom, but this is owing to our changed position towards Him. When we open our hearts to His light and love, in meditation and prayer, then the rays of the Sun of Righteousness will heal the wounds caused by our sins and will give us health and joy. (Mal. 4: 2.) Sometimes green and fruitful trees are found standing on dry land where there is not much rain. A careful examination discloses the fact that these trees are fresh and green and bear fruits because of water running through the earth. We may be surprised when we see men of prayer, full of peace, radiant with joy, and le;:;.iJ.ing fruit- fullives amidst the misery and sin of this world. It is because, by to prayer, the hidden roots of their faith reach down to the Source of Living Water and draw from God energy and life bring forth fruits unto life eternal (Psalm 1: 2, 3). -, 178

Ideal Church in the Mission

(Read before a Conference ,in New York. },'overnbet·, 1923) BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions I N one sense, as the churches in Ohina face the question of the elements that compose the ideal of an indigenous church, all that they have to do is to inquire "What is the Christian Church ~ " Hnd then to set about building up such a Church in China. The discussion of the question from this viewpoint would bring out, of ('ourse, the differences of view, some of them superficial and some of them very deep, which prevail with regard to the true definition of the Church. The leaders of the churches in China will have to face 1hese differences and sooner or later must answer this question for themselves. They may decide to carryon the traditions which they have received or may pursue some new composite or original road. We can only. pray that they may be led aright.

In this present conference, however, we are probably unable to deal adequately with the question in this radical and ultimate way. Ours is the practical problem of right missionary policy at this time. What do we mean in present missionary discussions by the indigenous Church 7 Several quotations will set forth what some of us mean.

e1) "The aim of foreign missions is to plant Christianity indigenously in the life of each nation, to domesticate it there and let it grow up and out in the forms of life appropriate to it in the new environment to which it has been naturalized, to which indeed, it has not needed to be naturalized so far as it has been presented in its true character as the universal life and faith of man. So far as we succeed ~n carrying out this aim, we build up in each nation, or we are witnesses to a building up by God of Churches rooted in the life of each separate nation, each one made up of its nation's people, subject to its distinctive character and participating in its national mission and destiny. Our very fundamental ideal in foreign missions involves the creation of the national problem, the problem of the relation of national Churches, or of Churches which are to become nationall …… The ideal of the Roman Church is to subject all Churches everywhere to the Roman tradi. tion, the Roman theory and the Roman government.

"This is not our ideal. Our ideal is to et>tablish in each land a native Church that shall be of the soil, rooted in the tradition and life of the people, fitted to its customs and institutions, sharing its character and participating in its mission, yes, defining and inspiring that mission as it can do only when it is a truly national Church subject to no alien bondage. In such a Church Christianity will, of course, surrender nothing that is essentiaI and universal. She enters into no compromise. She simply domesticates herself in a new home which she has been long in finding, and from the new roots which she sinks into humanity expands that interpretation of the life of God in man and nourishes that hope of man's future in God, which can only be perfected as all the peoples bring their glory and honor into the final temple of humanity."

179

(2) The Rev. Andrew Thakur Dass in a paper on the "New Day in the Indian Church" writes: "While it is becoming clear that Christianity is to be naturalized in India, it is not easy to depict and define its future forms and features. We have not, as a community, fully set ourselves to this task. It is easy, however, to see the steep path which wiH lead us to the goal. An indigenous Church has to be an independent and self-sustained Ch1/rch. Undoubtedly one of the keys of this situation is an Indian ministry. As long as the Indian agents are dependent on foreign funds and subject to foreign control, so long it will be impossible for the Indian Church to take a vigorous step forward towards this ideal. Foreign support and control are apt to act as narcotics, and check the spontaneous development of Indian Christianity. A mission-paid ministry tends to create a barrier between the minister and his people, by bringing him more in touch with the foreigner than with those whom he serves, and makes him responsible, not to the Church, but to the Foreign Mission which supplies the money. The situation becomes very serious when we consider that, while on the one hand foreign paymastership is deadening, on the other hand Indian eongregations are not rich enough to support suitable ministers. It may be possible for Missionary Societies to continue payment without exercising control, but will damp Indian self-respect and advance."

"What we have to do," said Mr. Thakur Dass at the Punjab Mission Meeting in 1921; "is to keep steadily before our eyes the necessary goal of replacing foreign money, foreign men, and foreign administration by Indian money, Indian men, and Indian administra- tion. "

(3) "Just as Boards and Missions exist for the sake of the individual missionary, so his end is found in establishing and assisting a living native Church. I use the word' native' without hesitation. It is a current fashion in missionary literature to eschew it on the ground that it is a reproachful term. What makes it reproachful V Not its history. It is a good and honest word, one of the best and honestest words in the English language. If it has been tainted by any conditions existing in the mission work, the right course is to change the conditions and not to allow a noble word to be degraded. So long as the conditions exist they will taint any other word that may be substituted for it. They will taint' indigenous' faster than they tainted 'native.' They will taint' Church' as they are already beginning to do. They will even taint the word 'Christian.' What needs to be changed is not the good word 'native' but the facts of dependence and subservience in the native Church. It is desirable that there should be clear thinking and straight speaking in this matter, because there is danger that in some countries the mission enterprise win be led into a morass in which both Missions and Churches will be bogged to their detriment and confusion.

"The supreme and determining aim of missions in any country, India for example, is to get Jesus Christ made known and accepted in India. Elemental to this aim is the establishment of a Christian Church in India, but the establishment of the Church in any land is not a matter of terminology. It is a run matter of fact. And a Church that is a Church in fact and not merely in term will be self-dependent, self-governed, and most of a force of living and spontaneous propaganda. I do not say that it must be. I simply say that it will be. To give up the idea of financial self-dependence is to accept the fact of dependence on others, and that fact, no IIUltter how it may be obscured by mergers or by agreements, will keep the Church, so long as it remains a fact, from fulfilling its functions or wielding its power. The spirit of. race

1924J THE IDEAL CHURCH IN THE MISSION FIELD

superiority on the part of Missions in whatever way it displays itself, in temper or in policy, as to money, relationships, or anything else, is a baneful thing, a barrier to be overcome in the effort to plant and develop an efficient and sovereign native Church. But the fact of financial dependence is a barrier also, and the Indian Church ought resolutely to set itself to overcome that barrier. Until it does do so, no subordination of missionaries to it nor any merging of Missions with it will make it independent or set it in its right- ful place of national religious leadership."

These quotations will suffice to suggest the elements which enter into the ideal of the indigenous Church. And now explicitly, what are these, expressed as concisely as possible~ 1. That it should be the Chw'ch of Christ, that He should be its Head in the fulness of the fact and conception of Him and His Head- ship set forth in the New Testament. It will be exclusive in the sense that He is the only Saviour and ~ord. It will be inclusive in the sense that He is all in all, and Head of all both present and past, and that by Him all thing's consist. All the wealth and truth of the inheritance and experience of the nation is His.

2. That it should be a living, propagating power, so possessing Christ and possessed by Him that its spontaneous and irresistible instinct shall be to make Christ known to all men and to make Christ Lord of all things. (See Frederic Myers, "Catholic Thoughts on the Church of Christ and the Church of England' ').

3. That it should be self-governing and self-supporting. This does not mean that it may not accept counsel and help. It does mean that it does not rely upon them and that it can do without them.

4. That it should be national and free. rrhis means that it should be independent of foreign control and authority, though it may have what relations of international fellowship it thinks wise. It means that it will have the color and flavor of the national character and will be fitted to the genius of the race. It means that so far as any external authority is concerned the Church will have absolute freedom of thought and life.

5. That it should be a part of that Church wliversal which lives from age to age and which is above all nations and races, and that it Hhould be consciously and vital1y and truly in line with the full Christian heritage. This means that it must know the Church of history [(s well as the Christ of history.

6. That it should know what the Church of the past has been through in the matter of faith and order, but be free on the basis of the New Testament and the history of the Church and its own living experience to work out its own creedal statements and ecclesiastical organization.

7. That it should be a living organism built of those living cells which are essential to all organic life. This means that it should {unction in and through efficient congregational units. An argument can be made for a new form of Christianity which would dispense

with local church organizations, with the sacraments and the discipline and education and fellowship of local churches. But it is a purely theoretical and fallacious argument. If men are to make a thing living, says Mr. Chesterton, they must make it local. "For a long time past," wrote Hort, "I have been coming in various ways to feel that perhaps our most urgent need in the English Church is the creation of a true congregational life …… A new congregational life would give back to Christianity itself a power of which people little dream."

8. That it should fearlessly grapple in the spirit of Christ with all the problems of life and society, or to put it in more Christian terms, that it should seek to serve both individual persons and society as a whole in all the ways in which men of righteousness and truth and courage can serve in Cprist's name their fellowmen and their age.

9. That it should teach and live the Gospel and that it should conceive and represent Christianity not as a W·estern system to be modified but as the ideal truth of God revealed in Christ after which all national Churches are striving. .

This is not a finished or complete statement but may serve as the basis for discussion. I would suggest two questions regarding it. First, are any of these elements not essential ~ Second, are there other elements which should be added to these f Perhaps a word may be added with regard to the question as to whether the establishment of an indigenous Church is the sale or main aim of missions. Dr. Albertus Pieters has discussed this question in "Mission Problems in ,Tapan." If the indigenous Church can do the work that needs to be done without help surely missions may pass on into the" regions beyond." If it can not do the work alone then the conditions and forms of help still to be given must be studied and agreed upon between the indigenous Church and the foreign churches which are able to aid. Neither party can settle the question alone. It ought to be settled on a basis which strengthens and perfects the indigenous Church and which furthers the accomplishment of the full missionary aims which one of our Mission Boards defines in its Manual as follows: "The supreme and controlling aim of foreign missions is to make the Lord Jesus Christ known to all men as their Divine Saviour and to persuade them to become H:is disciples; tD gather these disciples into Christian churches which shall be self-propagating, self-supporting and self-governing; to cooperate, so long as necessary, with thes'e churches in the evangelizing of their countrymen, and in bringing to bear on all human life the spirit and principles of Christ. "

AMERICAN BAPTIST COLLEGE AT EL CRISTO

The West Indies as a Mission Field BY REV. CHARLES S. DETWEILER, NEW YORK Superintendent of American Baptist Home Mission Society Work in Latin North America T HE isJands of the West Indies where Spanish and French civilization prevails are Cuba, Porto Rico, Santo Domingo, Haiti, and the French Islands of Guadalupe and Martinique. That which stands out most commonly in these islands is what Benjamin Kidd called "the extreme polarity of the social organization. At one end, 'an accumulation of property and influence in the hands of a few, representing the leaders and the capables, and at the other (md the vast majority of the population ruled down by the iron necessity of the competitive struggle to the lowest wage at which they would work efficiently and r eproduce themselves."

With the exception of Cuba and Santo Domingo, these islands are densely populated. There are practically no industries and no fuel readily available for large industri es. '1'he products are few and are chiefly luxuries for export-sugar, coffee, and tobacco. The land is largely in the hands of a few individuals and companies who tind production profitable only on a large scale. The masses are cut off from opportunities of culture and advancement and are generally referred to as peons, who make up some seventy or eighty per cent of the population. They wear no shoes and no jacket; their homes are one-room thatch-covered huts with dirt floors; their daily wage averages from twenty to seventy cents. In a word, they a re living on a sub-human level. A few of them still own small tracts of land but, with the progress of the years, the number of these independent, landowning peons tends to become smaller. The leisure and the culture of the land-owning and capitalistic classes, as in all Latin American countries, is built upon the foundation of cheap labor.

The government is a reflex of this social condition. The traditions are that the few who are to govern must be well educated, while the rest may be left illiterat e. Each country thus suffers from the curse of personal privilege, and a large class has no outlook in life ('xcept the hope to acquire government positions. The revolutions and instability that have characterized these peoples are due to the 183

efforts of those who are out of office to get into positions of control. There has been no independent electorate who can consider an appeal to reason. Until American intervention interrupted the vicious circle, each administration plunged the country more deeply into debt flnd drained its public resources for the advancement of their friends and families.

By tradition and inheritance, the people are Roman Catholic, but the majority of them are such only in name. As they have been touched by modern social movements, they have tended to become Yilore and more exasperated by the power and privilege enjoyed by the Roman Catholic Church. Due to the political activities of that Ohurch in Latin countries, where clericalism has always been a force to be reckoned with, many of the men have developed a strong antagonism to the Church which often takes the form of opposition to all religion. At the same time, books on spiritualism, translated from the French, have had large circulation and multitudes of the common people have organized themselves into groups for the cultivation of the occult.

Such. general conditions are modified in each separate country according to the degree in which the influence of North American life has penetrated. Beginning with Porto Rico, which is now American territory, there are successive stages illustrating the progress of American influence, ending with Haiti, where it is least, and the ]'rench Islands where it is practically non-existent.

PORTO RICO became a part of the United States nearly twentyfive years ago. Many of the general conditions described above have been profoundly modified. Privilege in government has been done away with to a degree far in advance of anything seen in other parts (If the West Indies. Road building and sanitation have been continuously promoted until the island has become one of the most attractive spots in the world. The American pUblic school system prevails and English is taught in all grades up to the high school when it becomes almost the exclusive medium of communication. Different mission boards have so cooperated in the occupation of the field, that there is no town on the island where there is not a Protestant church and many more are scattered through the open country. 'rhese churches are well attended and have Sunday-schools that in many cases average two hundred or more in attendance. There are three mission hospitals, two orphan asylums, and a number of mission schools that supplement public education by special Christian training for the young people of Protestant churches. The Evangelical Seminary, located in Rio Piedras and enjoying special opportunities in connection with the University of Porto Rico, is training preachers and leaders for the churches. Out of a population of 1,300,000, the membership of Protestant churches in Porto Rico is ] 2,000, and of the Sunday-schools, more than 20,000.

THE WEST INDIES AS A MISSION FIELD

In spite of these gains and advantages, nowhere more than in Porto Rico is the missionary brought face to face with appalling need. Poverty meets him at every turn and obstructs his plans for the development of self-supportin g' chnrches. 'rwo thirds of the people do not own their own homes, to say nothing of any land, and the result is that the majority of the people can get employment only during the harvest seasons on the great coffee and sugar estates.

Of what avail is it to tell the peo- ple that they must wear shoes to avoid the hook-worm, if they can- not earn money with which to buy shoes 1 How promote a decent family life, when there is no way of securing tlie indispensable physical equipment of a home 1 Nowhere is it more evident that "the destruction of the poor is their poverty." IVe are th ankful for what the A~merican public school has aCCQmplished in Porto Hico, but we are distressed to note that now, after creating a wide- spread hunger for education, the Government is falling behind in meeting the needs of an increasing population. According to 1921 re- ports, of 450,000 children of school age, the total enrollment was 185,- 000, or about forty-one mp. enrgmceandte. RF,V. .':'D MRS. P. N. I:HERISSON A ppea1s are constantly b Pastor of Baptis t Churoh. Jacmel. Ha lti. to the missionaries to do something a nd his wife fo r the children of families accustomed to an education but now unable to secure seats in the public schools. In a number of chapels, the pastors are compelled to open primary schools, not as an at- tractive bait for gaining adherents, but purely from a spirit of benevolence. Porto Rico-"rich port"-is a misnomer.

CUBA, in great part, is new country. In area it is a little larger than all of New England, minus Maine, and has a populat.ion of :~,OOO,OOO. Only since 1904 has r ailroad communication opened up the rich eastern half of the island. In the many sawmills, passed along the railroad line, and in the hastily constructed frame build- ings amid n ew clearings, the traveler may see evidences of recent f'iettlement and great opportunity for agricultural development. The eastern half of Cuba is capable of supporting a vastly increased population and then will still fall short of the density of Porto Rico, fo r where Porto Rico has a population of three hundred and sixty to the square mile, Cuba. has only seventy to the square mile.

By the so-called "Platt Amendment," adopted as an appendix to the Cuban Constitution, the United States was given the right to intervene for the preservation of Cuban independence and the maintenance of a government adequate for the protection of life, property and individual liberty. This right has been exercised in a military way only once since the inauguration of the Republic, but in a dipiomatic way OUr country has been continually intervening. By wise counsel given personally to the President and his cabinet, the United States has endeavored to help Cuba to correct its mistakes and to overcome its weaknesses as it develops self-government. Political progress has not been as rapid as in Porto Rico. Graft has flourished and the public treasury has suffered at the hands of successive administrations in their efforts to reward their friends to such an extent that public improvements begun during the American occupation have been halted. Public education has become a by-word and the public schools are both insufficient and inefficient. Only the very poor send their children to them. Those who can afford any kind of a private institution prefer not to have their children taught by the State. Cubans, themselves, make the charge that the school system is' a political machine and that teachers are chosen on political rather than on educational grounds. Because of this situation, and to meet in part the public demand as well as to make contacts with the people for the Gospel's sake, all of the Protestant missions are doing far more in an educational way than in Porto Rico. In most of these schools, income from tuition is sufficient to meet the running expenses. In addition to primary schools in all of the principal lowns of the island, the different missions have secondary schools where boarding pupils are received and where more attention can be given to the personal life of the pupils.

SANTO DOMINGO has been the most backward of the Spanish countries of the West Indies. In area it ranks next to Cuba, being five times the size of Porto Rico and having 18,000 square miles. In population, however, it is only 700,000-about forty inhabitants per square mile.

American intervention began as far back as 1904, but for many years it was concerned only with the administration of the custom house in the interest of the foreign debt. In the last part of the year 1916, American intervention became complete when there was set up a military gov~rnment by the United States in Santo Domingo. The successive governors were admirals of the United States Navy and all the officers of the central administration were Americans. This regime lasted until October 1922, when a provisional Dominican government was inaugurated. During the period of intervention, great reforms were effected in the island, and many roads were built, the most notable one connecting the northern and southern coasts, opening up to development rich and extensive tracts of land. AI-

1924J THE WEST INDIES AS A MISSION FIELD

though the Dominicans have resented our interference, they are grateful for what we have done for publ~c education.· There are 489 rural schools, forty-nine primary city schools, sixty-nine graded schools, six industrial schools, four special schools, and two normal t.chools for which the Dominicans are indebted to the American oc- ('upation. It is estimated that from sixty to sixty-five thousand chilciren learned to read and write, W110 otherwise would have grown up illiterate. The postal service and the sanitation of the island have been greatly improved.

Missionary occupation has been comparatively recent. There liave always been, in a few of the ports, settlements of Negroes from neighboring islands, and Evangelical churches have been established among them, but their ministry has been confined to the English language. It is only recently that mission boards have undertaken lesponsibility for the evangelization of Santo Domingo. The mission hoards representing the Presbyterians, Methodists, and United Brethren, have agreed to establish a United Protestant Church in Santo Domingo without denominational distinctions. These boards, at the present time, are supporting missionaries in the Republic recruited principally from the Porto Rican ministry. A hospital, under American supervision, has been opened in the capital and other forms of Christian service have been projected. The work is still in its infancy. According to the report for the year 1922, there are three churches with a total membership of 209.

HAITI, formerly a French colony, is now a republic, occupying the western half of the same island as Santo Domingo. Though smaller in territory, its population is much larger, numbering two and a half millions. Unlike people of the Spanish islands, who are of mixed blood-European, Indian and sometimes African-the great majority of the Haitians are of unmixed African blood and speak a French patois. It is estimated that not more than three per cent of the people can read or write, but this small section are well educated.

American occupation was be.gun in 1916 but has never been as thorough as in the Spanish countries, not because the need was not as great, but because of the way in which the situation was handled by our State Department. In civilization, Haiti has ranked lowest of any republic in the world. It began its independent career in 1804 as the result of a successful slave revolt. Unfortunately, some of its frst rulers represented the most backward clement of the population and, as a consequence, little progress was made in self-government. Though nominally a republic, the people were governed by a succession of military despots, each one of whom seemed to be utterly regardless of human life and of public funds. Debts were incurred, loans were secured, often at a discount of fifty per cent, and, when all was said, there was nothing to show for the money. Voodooism,

n relic of African sorcery and fetish worship, is said to be widely practiced among the country people. American occupation has been confined to policing the country and supervising the national finances. The general impression is that the intervention must be more thor- ough and undertake reforms in judicial procedure, education and sanitation, otherwise little permanent good will be accomplished by the mere suppression of banditry and a funding of the public debt.

Haiti has been neglected by Christians of the United States. The Wesleyans and Baptists of England have in the past maintained small mission stations and a few scattered congregations and small day schools still remain as the fruit of their work. The most notable church is the Baptist church at J acmel, under the direction of an educated Haitian of sanity and spiritual po·wer. He reports more than eight hundred members and several thousand adherents, having fifteen outstations among the people in the mountains and maintaining some ten day schools. The Episcopalians have a small but strong body of Haitian followers in one section of the country contiguous to the capital. The different denominational boards that work together in the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America have asked the Baptists to assume primary responsibility for Haiti and a small beginning has been made by them looking toward full occupation. The greatest need is for the establishment of schools for training l~ative leaders.

The French Islands of GUADALUPE and MARTINIQUE have largely a Negro population. They are a part of the French Republic and send a deputy and two senators each to the French Chamber in Paris to look after their interests. The French Government has given to these islands many advantages so that practically all of the people are able to read. There is not any Protestant community and the population of about half a million is nominally Roman Catholic. They have been entirely neglected by all Protestant agencies except the American Bible Society but, as a result of Bible circulation and the visits of one or two independent French Christians, there are a few evangelical believers. At one time, a petition was sent to the American Bible Society, signed by more than fifty residents of Guadalupe, appealing to the various mission boards of America to establish a Protestant mission in the island. Unfortunately, although the matter was brought to the attention of these boards, none has felt able to respond.

The total population of the five islands of the West Indies, which make their appeal to American Christians, is eight million. Speaking either Spanish or French, they are as accessible to us linguistically as geographically. Politically and commercially, they are destined to have such close relations to the United States that we cannot afford to neglect them.

in Santo

BY NELLIE M. WHIFFEN, LA VEGA, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Missionary of the Free Methodist Church.

I Maria Santissima. Ye se perdio le patria! En el interior, si, hay convertidos I So said the people of Sanchez, a seaport town in the Dominican Republic when, a short time ago, the train with two special coaches lilled with "evangelicos" pulled into the railway station. These "convertidos," as they are usually called in the Cibas Region, had come to Sanchez to spend four days in special services. The days were full from the six 0 'clock prayer service in the morning until the people could be induced reluctantly to leave the church after the evening service. Even at the early morning service, it was a little difficult for a late-comer to find a seat; and, at the evening services, sometimes half of the congregation was of necessity on the outside of the building. On Saturday morning, sixteen persons received baptism in the sea; and, on Sunday, nine others in the church. At the commemoration of the Lord's Supper on Sunday, the altar was filled again and again by those who are striving to be faithful until their Lord comes again. It was a time of encouragement to all; but these results have not been secured without long and faithful effort and much prayer.

The first evangelical missionary to the Dominican people was Rev. S. E. Mills who, with his family, came to this country in 1889. A few years later, they were joined by Miss Fjsther Clark, but it was six years before they saw any results from their work. Then ft few people in Santiago saw the light and followed Christ. The work continued to spread, the good news being carried by these missionaries and Dominican converts, until there were ;many groups of Christian believers scattered over the northern part of the Island.

In 1907, by invitation, Rev. B. Winget, the Missionary Secretary of the :H'ree Methodist Church, visited the field and ~as impressed with the great need and the scarcity of workers. In October of that year, his Mission Board decided to send missionaries and financial assistance. After that time, for many years, the work was carried on under the unstable revolutionary governments. At times, the converts met to worship with bullets flying over their heads. There was, too, constant, bitter opposition from the priests of Rome.

But the work has gone steadily forward. There are now congregations of "evangelicos " in all of the principal towns and in many smaller settlements of the Northern Districts. In Santiago there is the "Seminario Evangelico para Varones"; and, in San Francisco de Macois, a school for young women with Bible Training Course. Twelve American and Canadian missionaries with twenty native workers are carrying the Gospel to the Dominican people.

189

God Hath Wrought for the Red

BY REV. THOMAS C. MOFFETT, D.D., NEW YORK Author of "The Ameri('an ludinn on tI,e New Trail"

W HEN Rev. M. S. Riddle had completed twenty years of serv- . ice in the Indian country, he was asked "Do you think that missionary effort for the Indian pays?" He answered thoughtfully and with conviction "I believe nothing IJays better r"

To justify such an estimate it is necessary to consider two striking facts-the worth and possibilities (If the IlldiRll nlCe and the fruits of missions to the Redman.

A true picture of the aborigine;;; of Americu must include traits which have been overlooked or misrepresented in much of fiction and in popular conceptions of the Redman. He is a proud, independent, eapable and puissant specimen of humanity. '1'11is is not a vanishing raee. The Indian is advancing in the various stages of normal development ·from a primitive UIltutored child of nature to a eivilized edueated citizen of Christian America, not disappearng or gradually passing into racial extinction. Physically the Indian is well endowed, lVith traits which have made his prowess and endurance of suffering Hnd pain proverbial. He was never a despicable foe. On the chase or hunt as in war he excelled. His mental equipment and intellectual powers under instruction receive the commendation and admiration of his teachers and the students of ethnology.

In cubical brain capacity and in the structural development of the skull the Redman rank:;; higher than the African Negro. "Lo, the poor Indian," of "untutored mind" is also "the noble Redman" with innate qualities of integrity, fidelity to treaty pact, dignity, hospitality, and religious aspirations which commend him to the €steem and confidence of his fello"wmen of everv race. General Carl Schurz stated that the noblest man of any race ~r people he had ever known in his long life was Chief Ouray of the Southern Utes. Similar tributes have been paid to Juarez, Indian Governor of :Mexico, to Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce and other Indian leaders.

In the early seventies a gifted correspondent of the Cincinnati Commercial spent much time on the frontier with the primitive Nava- JO tribe of Arizona, and wrote his estimate of these Redmen in the following striking words; "If I were in the mission business, I would rather be a missionary among the Navajos than any savage people I know of. Here is native mental activity to work upon. Their difficult language would present a great barrier to christianizing them."

The Indian therefore as viewed by the Church is a man for whom we are willing to spend time, consecrated energy and money.

190 He is so much worth while, and makes such a stalwart and devout type of Christian when converted, that the missionary's estimate of this enterprise is thereby confirmed, "nothing pays better."

Two strongly contrasted views of the Indian's need of conversion, and of the legitimate field of Christian missionary propaganda for this race are presented in the statements of a popular writer of western fiction, and of a missionary leader who gave his whole life to this task. The story writer states the case in these- words: "Then came the missionaries. They were proselytizers for con- verts to their religion. The missionaries are good men. There may be a bad man, the same as there are bad men in other callings, or bad jndians.

"In the beginning the missionaries did well for the Indian.

They taught him cleaner ways of living, better farming, useful work with tools-many good things. But the wrong to the Indian was the undermining of his faith. It was not humanity that sent the missionaries to the Indian. Humanity would have helped the Indian in his ignorance of sickness and work, and left him his God. For to trouble the Indian about his God worked at the roots of his nature."

Into the lips of a Navajo school girl hp puts this statement:- " I was stolen from my mother's home and taken to Oalifornia," said ~as-ta-Bega, "they kept me for four years in a mission at San Bernardino and for four years in a school. They wanted to make me u missionary among my own ppople. But the white man's way and his life and his God are not the Indian's-thev never can be." "The white man will not leave the Indian in peace ~nd with his own God."

Turn to the well-considered conclusions of Dr. Alfred C. Riggs, it specialist in Indian affairs and the life-long friend of the Sioux:- 1. The Indian is eminently religious; he has noble aspirations and a spiritual interpretation of the universe.

2. He has entirely departed from the worship of the One 'Great God and Father, and has taken up with the worship of gods that are no gods, to whom he vainly prays and sacrifices.

3. HoIiness and righteousness are absent from the character of his gods, and their worship does not bring to him the conviction of sin.

4. In his religion, ceremonial takes the place of righteousness of life and fellowship with God.

5. He knows not the love of God our Father, bringing joy and life to the soul, but, in bondage to fears created by his superstition and ignorance lives a life of apprehension and terror.

6. They who represent him as a simple-hearted child of God, already more perfect than Christianity can make him, utter that which is untrue and highly mischievous.

7. If any creature on the face of God's world is in desperate need of the Gospel of Jesus Christ and knowledge of the Way of Life, it is our North American Indian.

The notable advance of Christian missions, for this race of primitive, untutored nature-worshipers may be evidenced in three

ways. The winning of tribe after tribe completely to the new faith, with the abandoning of the old rites of medicine men and ceremonies hoary with age, may be cited. Or the remarkable conversions of old hostHes likR Geronimo and the wildest, evil-living men like James Hayes of the Nez Perce and Motanic of the Umatilla reveal the power of the Gospel. Most impressive is the record of the rapidity with which the new Faith has won its way, so that within one genera- tion or at most two generations, savages and hostile tribes have been ehanged from heathen worship and pagan customs to allegiance to Christ and His Ohurch.

A series of pictures could be flashed with kaleidoscopic contracts from the annals of Indian missions of the past half century. The Pimas of the Arizona desert were living in the stone age, without missionary, teacher, or any advantages of civilization when the young ex-soldier, Oharles H. Oook of Ohicago came to them with the new message, fifty years ago. Today practically the whole tribe professes the Ohristian faith, and their neighbors the Maricopas and Papagos 8hare largely this bounty. The Nez Perce of Idaho first heard of the white man)s Book of Heaven from Lewis and Clark and many years afterward received instruction from Whitman and Spaulding and the McBeth sisters. The government agent in charge of the Nez Perce reservation testifies today that he believes no more devout Ohristians can be found than these Presbyterian Indians, whose standards of conduct and religious living surpass those of the white IJeople of the land. Among the Sioux or Dakotas of the plains there seemed to be extinction of the first impression and converts made by the new faith, when in 1862 the great massacre at Redwood, Minl~esota, occurred. For this outrage forty Indians were hanged, and four hundred imprisoned. Their families scattered in various states and Oanada, and the work of the early pioneer messengers of the Gospel seemed effaced. But even while in prison, a work of grace was begun among these hostiles and hundreds of the Sioux renounced heathenism, destroyed their charms and war regalia and espoused the Ohristian teaching. Today four-fifths of this largest tribal division of the Indian race in North America are in the Ohurch of Ohrist. Thirty-seven organized Presbyterian churcheR constitute a Presbytery composed entirely of Sioux, over eight thousand are adherents of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and the labors of the Williamsons and Riggs, Bishop Hare and teachers of Good Will Mission have their reward.

The total transformation of tribal and individual lives among the Indians is appreciated when the contrast is illustrated between IJrimitive pagan customs and the well-ordered, devout Church relations of the majority of the Indians today, Dr. Stephen Riggs in his account of Forty Years among the Sioux furnishes a characteristic instance of the old heathen usages:-

IilK:tmANCEt:l TO CHRIt:l'l'fANI'l'Y iN JApAN

"J[y most promising pupil was .John Okallwa, a lad of sixteen, who soon learned to read the Dakota Bible. He was much interested and wanted to prepare for baptism. It ,vas the time for the annual sun-dance. By taunts and threats, the leaders induced him to offer llimself as one of two self-immolators to the sun. For three days and nights, without a bite of food or a drop of water, with cords run through the flesh of his back and pulled up tight to a pole above, he danced in his tracks till the weariness was so great he would throw his weight on the cords in his back, causing the blood to run down to the ground. When he completed his time he was so far gone he lay down and in a day or two died. But according to the sun priests he was rewarded by having his name heralded as a hero in the spiritland."

An estimate of the adherents of the churches among the Indians of the United States would include about two-thirds of the total population. Paganism is on its last legs among most of the tribes.

Among the Indians of almost all of the 190 tribal divisions in the United States the old order has given way to Christian influences. Religious instruction in the government schools has been systematically planned, four hnlldred and fifty Protestant ministers, one-half of these native missionaries, are engaged in work on the reservatio1ls. Relations with the Government are most cordial, and better I'ooperation than ever before attained is now assured among those <mgaged in the uplift of the Redmen. As the Church contemplates the work so largely accomplished and the unfinished task of reaching some forty thousand Redmen in our country, who have no mission- [Iries, there can be only gratitude for Divine favor upon this undertaking and confidence in its completion.

Hindrances to Christianity in Japan REV. K. MIYAZAKI, MOJI, JAPAN Missionary of the United Lutheran Church in Japan SOME hindrances that Christianity in Japan must meet and eventually overcome will be removed by the Japanese them- selves, while others must be solved by the cooperation of the foreign missionaries and the Japanese Christians. It seems to me that the following are the outstanding obstacles in the way of the }!l"opagation of Christianity in Japan: Shinto, Chinshu (the Shin sect of Buddhism) and superstition.

SHINTO Shinto may be divided into two classes. The pure Shinto or ancient Shinto, known as the pure way of the gods, is not influenced by Buddhism at all. The other is the popular religious Shinto, 3

divided into thirteen sects of Shinto, because there are thirteen divisions recognized by the government as Shinto religion. They are: 1. The Shinto Honkyoku (Headquarters in Tokyo City). 2. The Kurozumi Kyo (Headquarters in Mitsu County, Okayama Prefecture) . 3. The Shusei Ha (Yonomachi, Saisama Prefecture). 4. The Taisha Kyo (Kisuki Machi, Hinokawa County, Izumo, Yamane Prefecture) . 5. The Fuso Kyo (Shibuya Machi, Toyotama County, Tokyo Prefecture). 6. The Jikko Kyo (Tokyo City). 7. The Taisei Kyo (Tokyo City). 8. The Shinzu Kyo (Tokyo City). 9. The Ontake Kyo (Tokyo City). 10. The Misogi Kyo (Tokyo City). 11. The Shinri Kyo (Tokuriki, Kiku County, Fukuoka Prefecture). 12. The Konko Kyo (Miwa Mura, Asaguchi County, Okayama Prefecture) . 13. The Tenri Kyo (Mishima of Tanbaichi Town, Yamabe County, Nara Prefecture) .

As far as the government regulations are concerned, these stand on the same level as Christianity as religious institutions. They receive no special privileges, so there is no objection to them on that score. But with the pure Shinto it is a different matter. One cannot think of the pure Shinto without vital connection with the Shinto Shrine and the Emperor worship. We therefore must raise the question: What is Shinto ~ This question has been answered in two ways. Some make it a kind of nature religion, while others regard it as a pure national cult, which serves to keep the present generation in touch with the past. The state treats it not as a religion but as an institution of the latter kind.

On the other hand, authorities on the subject, teachers at the Tokyo Imperial University, together with Christian dignitaries and others, strongly affirm that it is a religion. In spite of what the legal interpretation may be, the rites and eeremonies of Shinto prove it 10 be intrinsically a religion. Professors T. Inouye, Y. Kakehi and M. Anezaki are representative of those who hold this view.

The legal view takes for granted that Shinto is not a religion. According to the statute it is regulated by the Minister for Home Affairs, while the popular religious Shinto, together with all other religious bodies, is supervised by the Minister of Education. The priests who serve the pure Shinto are paid, and the Shinto shrines are supported out of the public funds. Paying respect at such a public institution is therefore encouraged. School children under the leadership of the principal or teachers are ordered to worship at the shrine, though their personal religious faith does not permit it. Here is a problem which should be solved as soon as possible; yet it is left without a solution.

HINDRANC:gS '1'0 CHRISTIANITY IN .JAPAN

The interpretation of the Government is too superficial to con- vince Christians and other authorities. A label on a bottle may easily be changed, though the contents remain the same. Beer is beer even though the label declares that it is not beer. Shinto is a religion though the law of the country declares that it is not a l'eligion. Moreover, Shinto is practically treated as a state religion, as the established church of England is. "Japanese religion is es- ,sentially nationalistic," says Bertrand Russell, "like that of the .1 ews in the Old Testament. Shinto, the state religion, has been, in the main, invented since 1868, and propagated by education in schools. "

Is Shinto a religion or not 1 No religious liberty in Japan will be realized until the question be solved by a true definition of religion.

After a discussion on Shinto, Thomas Baty reaches the con- clusion that it is not only a national but potentially a world religion. "It is a fundamental question," says he, (The Hibbert Journa~J April. 1921), "for, essentially, questions of world politics are religious questions. Either Japan must abandon Shinto, or Shinto must be reconciled to occidental religion, or else there must be-inevitable strife. It is the religious nerve that is' the irritable nerve. It seems to me that Shinto is readily to be reconciled to Western religion, in spite of its apparently exclusive character. Western religion is rapidly shedding its irrelevancies and is retiring on fundamentals. It is ready, and mdeed eager, to neglect the formal and external, and to see the same reality under different names and aspects. But is Shintoismf I should, ignorantly and regretfully, have answered the question in the emphatic negative two years ago." (Thomas Baty LL.D., D.C.L.• Late Fellow University College, Oxford, legal adviser to the Japanese Foreign Office).

If Shinto is a religion, as we understand, it should be treated just as the other religious bodies, and not backed by the authority of the state at all. But the Government forces the people to worship at the Shinto shrine.

SHINSHU There are eight sects in Buddhism. These may be subdivided into fifty-nine branches. Shinshu is one of the strongest in the number of followers. In 1918 the followers of Shinshu numbered 13,089,890 out of 45,919,808 Buddhist followers in all. The following description quoted from "A General View of the Present Religious Situation in Japan" (Published by the Bureau of Religion, Department of Education, 1920) will throw some light on the subject:- "Shinran (1173-1262), who is known as Kenshin Daishi, founded the Shin Sect. He was a disciple of Genku, and the main doctrines do not differ so much from those of his master except this: That we, the ignorant, have no real existence, and however strenuously we may

March

exert ourselves in mind and body, we have no 'casual germ' in us which will develop into Buddhahood, making our rebirth in the Pure Land possible. The original prayers of Amitabha in which the in- vocation of the Buddha's name is highly recommended, testify that the casual germ of Buddhahood has already been matured by them.

Therefore, when we learn and believe these prayers, the casual germ of Buddhahood has already been matured by them. Therefore, when we learn and believe these prayers, the casual germ of Buddhahood, by virtue of the efficiency of these prayers, will be planted in us, which means that all that is necessary for us to be reborn in the pure land of Amitabha, is now sufficient and fulfilled."

Japanese Buddhism may be divided into two parts, according to the doctrine of salvation. The one division includes the sects that cling to the doctrine of self-reliance. The other is the Shinshu, which insists upon the doctrine of salvation through the benevolence of Amitabha Buddha only. Shinshu disregards. the moral law on the ground that faith, nothing but faith alone, is necessary to be saved and to live a saved life. ]'ollowers of Amitabha, according to this sect, are discouraged from living an ethical life for sanctification.

Why? Because the essential teaching 'is expressed in the prayer, "Namu Amida Butsu," which is to be repeated by the followers, and that is all. No work, no virtue is required.

It says: "Let us do evil, that good may come," and answers ill the affirmative the question: "Shall we continue ill sin, that grace may abound 1" We regret to say that the Buddhist priests prove this teaching by their own living. "Shukke to Sono Deshi' 1 (The Priest and His Disciples) by Mr. H. Kurata is popular among young Jap- anese. Shinran, the hero of the drama, is well pictured as a man whose attitude towards ruined disciples results in encouraging them to continue in sin, in order that good may come. As a result of the popularization of this doctrine in the play" Shukke to Sono Deshi,"

the ethical code of present day Japan is very much weakened. The people who desire that their immortality be assured by the Shinshu doctrine, oppose the Christian doctrines that encourage ethical living and sanctification of those who are already justified and saved by faith in Jesus Christ.

An ethical religion like Christianity can never work hand in hand with an immoral religion like the Shin sect of Buddhism. Con- flict between these is unavoidable.

The task of the Christian Church today must be to baptize the people with Spirit and Fire, so that they may learn that" Jesus is the Author and Finisher of our faith; who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising shame, and hath sat down at the right hand of the throne of God." It would not be wise for the Church to make any compromise with the nominal Christianity out- side the Church and echo the feelings of those who are not true Christians. .

HINDRANCES TO CHRISTIANITY IN .rAPAN

SUPERSTITION Not the Japanese alone are under the spell of superstition, but nearly every race and tribe in the world is bound to it in some way or other. It is a matter of degree but not of quality. Superstitions in Japan, however, have their stronghold in the utilitarianism which is enshrined in their philosophy of life. Numerous gods have been created by those who sought after wealth, health, victory, success in various business affairs. They believe that there is a day and a time for every purpose under control of the god of destiny. There is a time to marry; a time to travel; a time to sew clothing; a time to commence building; a time to perform a funeral service. If the day of tomobiki were disregarded, the nearest relative to the dead would be doomed to die soon. Captain Luke W. Bickel, on "Superstition" says (" The Christian Movement in the Japanese Empire," 1916, p. 255): ""'While we remember the superstitions of Tenrikyo and Konkokyo we should not lose sight of the fact that Phallic worship of a deplorable kind is practiced in connection with many Shinto shrines. -When we pass a fox shrine we should not forget that there are those who keep serpents in cages and call them Odo tsu·Sama, Honorable Brazen Serpent, bowing' before them in supplication."

Another illustration of the superstitions is given by Rev. W. H. Erskine, who contributed a valuable article on "Japanese Recreations" to the "Christian Movement in the Japanese Empire" in 1918. Space here is too limited to reproduce it. But sub-titles may give some hints to the reader. They are these: Oracles; Mikuji or sacred lot-drawing; Changing Luck; Good Fortune; Bad Luck;' Burning Oracles; and Tomobiki.

Evangelistic work in Japan is handicapped by such strong superstitions, prevailing all over the country and permeating every class. Comll).on and higher education certainly may discourage the people from living under superstitions, but education cannot root them out uuless armed with the power of Christianity. There is a great mis- Hion for Christianity to do to overcome hindrances and clear the way for the Lord.

A SYSTEMATIC GIVER'S SURPRISES The Christian who begins. to tithe or to practice stewardship in regard to his income will have at least seven surprises: 1. At the amount of money he has for the Lord '8 work. 2. At the deepening of his spiritual life. 3. At the ease with which he meets his own obligations. 4. At the pleasure he finds in larger giving. 5. At his satisfaction in the practice of stewardship in his time, his talents and all his possessions. 6. At himself for not adopting the plan sooner. 7. At his new appreciation of the goodness of God.

Critical Situation in German

BY A. L. W ARNSHUIS, D.D., LONDON, ENGLAND Associate Secretary of the International Missionary Coullcil T EN years ago the total number of missionaries supported by German protestant societies in foreign fields was 1564, not including married women. They were at work in 623 stations in 14 countries. Their schools numbered 4002, with 216,551 pupils. The number of baptized Christians in their churches on the mission field was 631,154."

German missionaries haye been able to continue their work in Japan, China, Netherlands East India, New Guinea, South Africa and Southwest Africa. The missionaries in these fields in 1914 numbered 522 men, and 119 single women. If these statistics included the missionaries' wives, the total number would approximate 1100.

By the action of several European governments, German missionaries were repatriated during the war from India, Hongkong, Caroline Islands, British Borneo, Tanganyika rrcrritory, Kenya Colony, Gold Coast, Togoland, Cameroons, and Palestine. The bar against their return to Palestine was removed in 1921. From all the British colonies they were excluded for a period of three years. rrhis period ended in the autumn of 1922, but the exclusion acts were then renewed for a period of one year in Kenya Colony and Tanganyika Territory, as well as in a few other colonies in which no German missions were located. In India the period of exclusion was :Eve years, which have not yet expired. The missionaries affected by these exclusion acts numbered not leRs than 519 men and 93 single women. The addition of wiYes would make the total equal about 1,000.

The removal of the political restrictions, which we may hope will be complete in the near future, does not at once make it possible for the German missionaries to return to their former fields, for the financial support of the missionaries and of their work must be provided, and it is impossible to secure this in Germany at the present time. The gifts of the constituencies in Germany have not been sufficient to maintain unimpaired the home organization of these missionary societies, and there has been much suffering among those working for the societies at home. Na funds are available for the support of work in other lands, and, if there were, the German paper money has lost all its value abroad. All the missionary work of these * In these figures, the societies working i.n Palestine were not included, because their statistics Were not available. On the other hand, the total figures of the Basel Society are included, because so large a proportion of the missionaries were Germans! although the ~ociety itself is a Swiss corporation.

198 societies depends therefore for its financial support upon the assistance of Ohristians in other lands.

For those fields in which German missionaries are themselves still at work, financial support has been provided in various ways. In Ohina, the Basel Mission has supported its own mission with funds given in Switzerland and elsewhere; the Berlin Mission and the Kieler Mission have been maintained by the support of the National Lutheran Oouncil in the United States. The Iowa Synod of the Lutheran Ohurch has supported the missions in New Guinea. For the missions in South and Southwest Africa, the Dutch Reformed Ohurch in South Africa has given much assistance. In Netherlands India, funds have been provided by the Government for the maintenance of the German missions.

In the countries from which German missionaries were tempo- 1arily excluded by political regulations, strong efforts have been made by the missionary societies of other countries to take care of the missionary work in the field. As recommended by the International Missionary Oouncil, the occupation of such fields has been regarded generally as being provisional, the ultimate settlement to be reached by friendly conference, between the original society, the occupying society, and the representative of the local church. So the A. B. O. F. M. and the R. O. A. Boards and two British societies have been giving $10,000 annually to the South Indian United Church· for the work of the Malabar Mission of the Basel Society. The Augustana Synod of the Lutheran Ohurch in America is taking care of the Leipzig Mission in Tanganyika. The Nat~onal Lutheran Council has supported several missions in India and South Africa. '1'he Lutheran Ohurches reported to the Foreign Missions Conference iu North America contributions in aid of former German missions amounting to a total in 1923 of $200,914. The United Methodist Church in England has taken over the care of the Neukirchen Mission in Kenya Colony. In Tanganyika Territory, the Ohurch of Scotland, the United Free Ohurch of Scotland, and the Universities' Mission have made efforts to take care of the work of the Moravian and Berlin Missions. The United Free Ohurch of Scotland is also carrying on the work of the Basel Mission in the Gold Ooast and to some extent of the Bremen Mission in British Togoland. For this work on the West Ooast of Africa and for that in Tanganyika this Scottish Church added to its missionary budget in 1923 the sum of £9406. The Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society in England has given assistance in South India and in French Togoland. The Paris Evangelical Missionary Society is taking care of the former German Missions in French Cameroons. The Church of Sweden has taken over responsibility for the Leipzig Mission in South India.

Although so many churches have aided so generously in the effort to maintain the missionary work which for a time, at least,

the Christian Churches in Germany cannot support, there still remain several fields that are uncared for by any European or American Missionary Board. Of these we may mention the following as being in especial need of immeuiate assistance.

1. The Rhenish Mission in South China. There are now at work on this field, 7 ordained missionaries, 3 medical missionaries, 2 unmarried women, 2 Chinese ordained minil>ters, 27 preachers, 9 Bible- -,vomen, and 17 school-teachers. The High School for boys has 100 students. This was one of the strong missions in China, but its forces have been greatly reduced because of the lack of financial support. The minimum budget for the work as described above amounts to Mex. $34,000 (or U. S. $17,000). The Board of the Reformed Church in the U. S. contributed $5,000, aud the Evangelical Synod in the United States also gave $2,000 for the support of this Mission in 1923. It is hoped that these Boards may continue their aid in 1924, but $10,000 more must be secured from other sources to maintain this Mission. With splendid loyalty these missionaries and Chinese Christian workers have continued to carryon the work in this field, 'even when their income fell below the amount needed for absolutely necessary living expenses. Their devotion and self-sacrifice are an appeal for aid that ought not to be ulUmswered now.

2. Togoland. In 'l'ogoland in "Yest Africa the Bremen ::'I1ission has worked since 1836. It had 9 stations, and ill 1913 there was a Christian community of 7,780, with 157 schools and 5,250 scholars, and 21 missionaries. Considerable progress had been made in literary work and the educational work reached a high standard. The mandate for the government of this colony has been divided between France and Great Britain. In the French area plans are being developed by which it is hoped that two or three missionaries may be sent out under the Paris Evangelical :Th1issionary Society. The supervision of the stations in the British section has been undertaken bv the United Free Church of Scotland. This Mission had previously taken over the care of the former work of the Basel Mission in the Gold Ooast, adding to its annual budget not less than £6266 for this purpose. Under the united pressure of the British Missionarv Conference and appeals of the 1'fission Council in the field m{d also of the Government, the Church agreed in 1922 to take over the additional responsibility for supervising' thc work of the Bremen Mission in British Togoland. It was understood that in doing this they would need the assistance of a few of the German missionaries formerly at work in this territory. In July, 1923, three Bremen missionaries were sent to the field with the approval of the British Government. By strenuous efforts the Bremen Society secured the funds for their travel and salaries for one vrar from its own COIl- &tituency and from its friends in Scandinav:ia, but with the extraordinary collapse of German exchange since that time it finds itself

THE CRITICAL SITUATION IN GERMAN MISSIONS

unable to maintain these missionaries in the field. The Scotch Church can add no more to its budg'et, it closed the year 1923 with a deficit of £10,000, and there is no other resource than to appeal to friends in the United States for the $4,000 that are needed to keep these German missionaries in the field. All the missionaries were repatriated during the war, so that these three men are taking the place of the 21 who were there in 1913.

3. Moravian lI1issions. The mission fields of the Moravian Ohurch were divided in 1919 between the American, British and German branches, the American and British branches taking over responsibility for all that they could possibly carry. To the German branch, the fields in Southeast Africa and in Surinam (Dutch Guiana) were left. By the most earnest and hard work, the American and British branches have sncceeded in taking care of all the fields assigned to them, but this has consumed all their resonrces, so that they cannot give any help to the fields of the German branch. In round numbers there are 28,000 in the Christian community of this mission in South Africa, and 26,000 in Surinam. Locally they have been making herculean efforts to maintain the ,"ork, and also heroic sacrifices, but the forces on the field are almost in despair, and unless help comes to them the entire work in these missions may have to be abandoned. l'herefo1'e, for the sake of the churches in these fields, an appeal is made for $10,000 annually to be administered by the ]fissionary Society of the Moravian Church in America.

4. British Cmneroons. This is still an entirely neglected field, so far as supervision by European missionaries is cOllcerned. In 1914 there were 73 missionaries of the Basel and German Baptist Societies at work in the Cameroons. There was a Christian community of 18,236. The Basel Mission gave special attention to education, and there were 384 schools with over 22,000 scholars. The Paris Evangelical Society since 1917 has sent a few missionarie~ into the French mandated area, but no provision has yet been made faT the work in the British Section. The French Society has maintained friendly relations with the Basel Society, and it is proposed that it should now assume responsibility also for all the missionary work in the British area. A plan has been prepared by which a few of the former Basel missionaries would be sent hack to this field under the auspices of the Paris Society. The British Gonrnment has cordially approved of this plan, and is indeed urging its immediate realization so that the churches and schools, may haye the henefit d missionary supervision. But the Paris Society 'has already undertaken heavier burdens than it can easily carry in taking care of former German missions in other fields. The Basel Societv can furnish the men but it cannot now provide their salaries. S~ this plan of sending out German missionaries under a French Society into British territory with the approyu] of the British Government

must wait for American funds to make it posiilible. A contribution of $5,000 annually is all that is needed now.

5. Tanganyika. The Church of Scotland and the United Free Church of Scotland have been trying to take care of the work of ihe Berlin and Moravian Societies, who in 1913 had a total of 67 missionaries in 35 stations in this field. But it has been found impossible to provide adequate supervision in this way. In conference with the German societies a plan has been proposed for a union mission, composed in the beginning of four Scotch missionaries, and four German missionaries, two from each of the four societies. The Scotch missions have asked for the approval of the British Government, and if this is secured, this also will become an appeal for American aid, for the German societies cannot at present provide any financial support at all, and both the Scotch societies are already doing all that is possible in taking care of former German missionary work. For four German missionaries, the sum of only $5,400 annually is asked. Is not this a unique opportunity to aid in maintaining for a few years the work in this part of Africa until the German missionaries may again assume full responsibility for it 7 6. Literature. The leaders of missionary work in Germany have always been known as most thoughtful students of missionary history and experience. In these lines they have contributed not a little to strengthen the work of missions that have their base in other countries. The present rate of exchange and the real poverty of these missionary leaders and of their societies now makes it impossible for them to buy books or periodicals published in other countries. Priv'ate arrangements have been made by which a number of missionary periodicals published in Scandinavia, J1jngland and America are being sent free of charge to many of these men in Germany, but it is proposed that an additional sum of $200 should be given for the purchase of othor books and magazines in tho English language to be given to them.

Total Immediate Needs, The figures given in the above paragraphs make a total of $34,600. With all the aid given by the varieus missionary societies, this comparatively small sum would supply the need in 1924 so that some missionary assistance and supervision will be given to all the fields in which German missionaries were at work before the ~war. This assistance will be a real contribution to the establishment of a Peace of Reconciliation in Europe, but it means even more thaI' that in the building up of the Kingdom of God in Africa and China.

The Foreign Missions Conference of North America has authorized an appeal for these purposes, and its Committee of Reference and Counsel (25 Madison Ave.. New York City) will receive and administer the funds contributed for the objects stated above. It is desirable that individual gifts should be forwarded through the offices of the foreign missionary agencies of the Church to which the giver belongs.

@ BBST

ssc ass &2 .aJ ;I as sse cas EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBERG BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA, P A.

PHACTICAL PHOJECT PLANS HOW ONE SOCIETY LEARNED this. Ho'(',er, out of sheer faith in TO HELP him, she forbore to say that the boys The A.etnal E:rperience of One Ch~lrch and girls didn't know where to get their own missionary nutriment, and By MARY JENNESS that with their very heavy social and s~hool programs they certainly With the coming of a missionary- minded pastor, the young people's so- wouldn't bother to try very hard. Six ciety took on a reflected glow of in- months later she could only marvel terest in the previously unemphasized that there had ever been such ques- subject of missions. Moved by affec- tions in her mind.

tion and a ,desire to please, they It wasn't what he did, it was what promptly begged their new leader to he wouldn't do. Next Sunday after talk to them on the subject, onc€', the morning service an astounded pro- again, and again. gram conunittee chairman received his A man less shrewd might have con- refusal "to talk to us on missions eluded that since there was double tonight. "

attendance on the nights when he led, ' ,You can't pay my price," he told and an attention unheard of at other her frankly. "Send up your mis- services, he was rapidly growing a sionary committee this afternoon, congregation of young missionaries though, and I'll help them plan a pro- with very little trouble. Not so this gram," he offered.

pastor, He knew that nothing had "Why, we haven't any-that is, I happened. neveT heard of any," objected the "It's just that they like me," he bewildered chairman.

confided to the service director with "Oh well, any committee that does a worried smile. "They don't care anything, then."

anything about missions, or they'd be "1-1 don't know-the social 1"

doing something. But they can't do she stammered.

anything SO long as they don't know The contagion of his laugh swept anything." away any hurt feeling, but the more "At least they're coming out to she thought about it the more uneaRY missionary meetings as they never did she grew. What did he mean bv before, " comforted the director. laughing? • "Isn't that something 1 But what are "Well, if you '11 come tonight we'll you going to do about it ~" thrash this thing out," he promised "I know what I won't do," he said with a di~arming smile.

thoughtfully. "I'm going to' quit The chairman fled, to spread the spoon-feeding them missions. Make news that "he wants us to do some- 'em go after their own, that's the thing, but I don't know what!"

idea." Curiosity packed the evening meet- The director's silence was eloquent ing. Again, it was what the new of her wonder as to whether the de- minister didn't say, the questions be sire to please the brand-new minister w01;tldn't answer, that stung the so· would stand such a sudden strain as ciety into life. .

203

, 'I'm SO new here that I don't know came a plan of weekly story-telling anything, and you'11 have to set me at the H'Ospital for Crippled Children, right, " he began. "Of course I ex- and later of monthly programs of pect to be proud of this society, but pure entertainment at a sanatarium. I want to be able to tell folks why I am proud. Jm~t what have you done? When the literature committee had J<'or anybody~ In your own church? secured and read the study b'O'Oks, In this ward? In your town? In they found to their astonishment that Connecticut? Oh, just anybody any- they were interesting enough t'O share-. where?" Consequently they demand"d and or- ganized a reading contest with two Finally the treasurer came back teams, the loser in numbers to put on with a protest against the answers a program dramatized or arranged that were forming in the minds of all from the books. the members. In fact, the missionary programs "We gave five dollars last year for no longer had to be- hauled out of vicmissions," he reported. tims at the last minute, but grew steadily and naturally as a by-prDduct Evervone was much relieved, till 'Of steadily developing interests. Somethe questions began again. times a speaker came to present the w'Ork 'Of a local institution–warned "For whom? But what did you by the pastor to ask more questions expect your money to do? Does any- than he answered, in the forum, body know where that money went?" which followed. Sometimes, there was a debate. The first one was on; "For missions. " The treasurer "Resolved, That nobody can be a stood his ground. Christian who is not a missionary Christian." 'l'he affirmative won in "What is missions? Where is it? both debate and forum, and the pastor Whose is· it? Why is it?" smiled secretly, for that was one 'Of the questions he had thrown 'Out on When the minds of the members that first night when he wouldn't talk were fairly shocked out into the open missions any longer. they began at last. timidly, then defensively,then combatively, towork. With The next fall it was decided to never one question answered by the have a fDur Sundav session on the minister it was decided that the so- foreign text in the -fall, and another ciety would look into this matter. One in the spring, for the hDme bo'Okgroup volunteered to find out just Sunday, because there was simply no how many institutions in the city peri'Od during the crowded week when needed heip such as the society could more than half the society could meet give. Another volunteered to write for such a class, and nobody wanted to the denominational Mission Board to be left 'Out! Informal sessi'Ons in rooms to find out what the Mission the big living-room of the parsonage Study texts for the year were ab'Out. followed, with a changing cDmmittee They didn't know, and the minister of six in charge of each meeting to refused t'O tell them! For the next quiz, or dramatize 'Or st'Ory-tell as they Sunday's t'Opic it was decided to sub- pleased. stitute the rep'Ort of the city investigating committee, to be' foll'Owed by In the spring came the pastor '8 the ch'Oice 'Of the s'Ociety of one defi- I;enten class. Mter the first session nite 'Object in town, to w'Ork for dur- the boys and girls lingered half an ing the coming year. h'Our for a s'Ocial time. Bef'Ore the Recond, the mISSIOnary committee To shortell a two-vear-long story waited on the past'Or with an unusual which is still developing-out of that request. If the b'Oys and girls were pastor's refusal to talk on missiDns going to stay 'Over anyh'Ow, why until the society could pay his price, grew first a decision to w'Ork for the couldn't they all be working together Day Nursery. the girls to give time as helpers, and to sew, and the boys t'O devise means 'Of raising money. Then

1924J trES'l' ME'l'1l0D8 l05

on the hox f or Japan1 This time The pastor's eyes twinkled. "Look everyone of his questions was tri- out!" he laughed. "You 're getting umphantly answel'ed almost before dangerously near my price. I believe they were out of his mouth. I'll have to be telling you some mis- sionary stories pretty soon. My col- "Because if it gets there for next lege roommate is a missionary in Christmas we ought to be starting it now," they informed him . "If we Japan. " wait till after Easter it will be hard to "'1'e11 us some we can act out!" get the group together. What can the boys do ? Oh, we g'ot It list of said the chairman of the program things from the Board for them to committee. choose from. vVhv? Because this i" a class to help us "be Christians, isn't "No, something we can work for," it f And doing something for some'- countered the treasurer. "That's body helps us, too. " "What is mis- what makes my job easier." sions ~" " Doing something to help somebody else that you know all "Why 1" '1'he pastor's last quesabout and know needs your help. And tion provoked a gust of understandyou know just how to help." This ing, affectionate, admiring laughter. last from the treasurer. "Why, because nobody wants to help till he knows what for-and I beli,eve you knew it all the tim e!"

"THE Boys A.TTEMPTED SOME CHARTS RF.PREs}~N~'JN O WHA'r Boy s OF VARIOUS LAN DS GEN@l.ALLY Do IN PLAY TIME, REST TaIE, SC'HOOL T HiE, 'WORK TIME AND WORSllIP TI~IE.'"

THREE SUGGESTIONS FROM missions, one of them conceived the idea of filling a trunk with hospital CALIFORNIA supplies, toys, and gifts of all kinds, both personal and for the work of the By BLAN CHE WA OROIl mission stations, and sending it with the party, who would distribute the TRUNKS FOR THE ORIEN T. This was gifts in any way they decided best. the name' we gave to a proj ect for The one trunk multiplied until it besending supplies to our mission- came six trunks, all filled with just aries in the Par East. Some half a the sort of things that would give dozen of our members being included in a party for a tour of our Oriental

most pleasure and profit. Every or- into the walls and white beads slipped ganization in the church, and class on them for globes. Finally the house and department of the Sunday-school was finished and furnished, and it were enlisted in this project, and the was time to install the family. They growth of missionary interest can dressed small dolls for the family, hardly be estimated. father and mother and the children, One of the ways in which interest and then, when it was complete to the was stimulated was the presentation last detail, several automobiles took of a little skit by the young people. the children down to the orphanage The platform was arranged to repre- to present the doll house in person. sent a room in a mission station in They had made it, and they had the China. As a group of missionaries fun of seeing the pleasure of the other children in receiving it. The valuable deplored the fact that no gifts had thing about the whole project was that come for Christmas to be distributed the children made it together. It was to the children in the schools, a group a cooperative effort. No one of them of American visitors arrived, bringing could say "I," it was all "we." all sorts of gifts from the various ('lasses. Here were dolls marked with SOUTH SEA ISLAND VILLAGE. This the name of Miss So-and-So's class; was made by the junior children dursewing materials from another; toys ing the School of 1l[issions. They were from a boys' class, etc. While the missionaries,were exclaiming over the studying the life of John G. Paton in things and visiting, a nurse came run- the junior group, and the village was ning in from the hospital, crying, "We are all out of bandages and their handwork. It was made on a things; do please let us have some- sand table and quite complete, with thing we can tear up for bandages. " huts, trees, jungle paths, and natives. Then a miracle! For a jolly little It stood on the edge of a bit of ocean, lady in the party from America simulated by blue paper under glass. reac>hed into her bag and pulled out There was even a canoe drawn up on the little beach.

a fine lot of hospital supplies. This The houses were made of pieces of "trunk for the Orient" has become wood into which were put butcher's an annual event with this church, each skewers, woven with raffia for sides year the outgoing missionaries or of huts. The roofs were made of travelers being asked to carry trunks pasteboard with long dried grass along with them. glued and sewed on it for thatch. The DOLL HOUSE MADE BY JUNIOR trees were made of crepe paper fastened to twigs, natural twigs such GIRL'S Cl~UB, The Club girls talked as would grow in the tropics. In the for a while about some gift for center of the village was the heathen an orphanage, and after a good altar made of clay composition, with deal of discussion among them- idols made of a mixture of flour, salt selves as to what they thought and alum painted with water colors. those children wOLlld like, decided to make a doll's house. The leader There were earthen pots and pitchers, brought two orange boxes, some paint and animals made' of clay-tigers, and brushes and a big apron, and for lions and other jungle animals. At one afternoon club meeting the chil- one end of the village was a jungle of dren had the time of their lives paint- trees to keep out the- animals and evil ing those boxes. Week by week the spirits. The village was peopled with doll house grew. Curtains and furni- dolls made of wood with black fuzz ture were made, rugs were woven, the glued on for hair, all in groups carry- floors and stairs were carpeted. There ing out the life of the village, the was even a roof garden. One of the priest at the altar, the witch doctor ingenious touches was the light fu- looking after a sick patient in one of tures, made of hrass hooks screwed the huts, etc.

1924J BEST METHODS

DRAMATIZATION. During this same turn how much these countries need School of Missions this same group us. dramatized and presented to the School the chapter in the Life of John Our reason for making our project G. Paton, "The Digging of the Well." so extensive that it would include the No elaborate description is necessary study of several countries was that for this article. The dramatization we believed the interest would be was worked out by the children them- greater if we could have the groups selves with adult supervision. For subdivided, two or three pupils workscenery there was a painted back drop ing on each country. After our work of a vol~ano, which on the night of was completed we concluded it would presentation had a thread of 'smoke have been just as interesting had we coming from it. rfhe well was made taken but one country at a time. of canvas over wooden framework; the canvas marked out in cobblestones. The principal threw zest into her The boys wore underwear dyed brown, challenge by stating that she was and the girls had little grass skirts. holding a five dollar bill which would The lighting was all dim, so defects go to the class producing the most in costume or properties were not evi- convincing, the most appealing demdent. This dramatization idea is one onstration of the question in hand, that has been carried out by this church with considerable success. In When making this offer we fully several of the clubs for both boys and realized the dangers inherent in a regirls Bible and: missionary stories ward and we thought our way through have been read and studied out and very clearly. dramatized by the children themselves, sometimes with amusing re- The only stipulation we made about sults in the choice of language, but the money was that no individual expressing the point and telling the should have it, but the class receiving story. This is also done in older it must together determine its use. groups, though in such cases of course with more formality and attention to Before describing what was done detail and technique. The costumes about the money, let us see how the too are worked out by the boys and girls evolved their study of the quesgirls, as far as possible using material tion. at hand, and often displaying a great deal of ingenuity. In wondering how they could show our dependence upon the countries BOYS AND GIRLS MEET THE named in the challenge, one girl sug- gested that we have a map of the CHALLENGE world and write names on it.

A Story f1'om the Presbyterian Church Another girl said, "That won't be of the Covenant, New York City very interesting to look at." Then it was suggested that little paper steam- By MINNIE E. MORSE ers should be cut out and pasted on the map. Each steamer was to show, The groups with which we tried the as cargo aboard, some of the things we project, described below, were fifth, have in our homes that came from the sixth and seventh grade children,- countries named. boys in one elass and girls in the other. "Where shall we find out what we have that came from Africa ~" said The principal of the school sent to one. "Yes, where 7" repeated the each class a written challenge in which te'llcher. "Oh, I know one place," she stated that she needed some thing said a girl; "our school geographies." that would show very graphically how much China, Africa, South America, ~<.t the next session of the class sev- Alaska and India. do for us, and in eral girls had lists ready, although the teacher had made no request for them. One member of the class brought a toy rubber. boot and hung it on the map, saying, "This started in South America." That seemed to

Cleate a new idea. The entire class aged this that they were perfectly unwaked up and suggested rapidly the conscious of her guidance, so when they finally decided that if the money things they could bring to put on the should come to them they would give map showing what they, as a class, a part to an uptown church, less forhad received from the lands, China, tunate than ours, and a part to Africa, where our own church missionary India, Africa, South America and works, the teacher felt she' had really Alaska. educated that class, because they had done the thinking. When the collection was complete we had a mahogany clock, an ostrich The boys were truly original in feather, a watch, a diamond ring, a what they did. First they made peep boxes. 'l'hey took large cartons, one can of salmon, a piece of seal skin, for each country, pairing off, with two boys working on each box. Next rice, tea, etc., etc. . they collected pictures of the coun- tries specified. After selecting the Our map was mounted on beaver pictures which they thought would anboard, standing on an easel so we swer the challenge, they proceeded to were able to use the heavy articles build in stage manner, a typical scene in China, or in Africa, or in India, mentioned above. as the case might be. Three of these boxes were completed in fine detail. When we came to the second part of The others were only partially fin- ished. our question, namely, to show how much these countries need us, the After the pictures were placed, each box was covered all over with paper, girls coulu tell a number of different and then in one end a small peep hole needs, because most of them had been was made. As one looked through this members of our Mission Band. How hole he got a view of several activities going on which were native to the to make it graphic and interesting country represented. was another matter. In addition to these boxes, the boys Here the teacher worked for con- attempted some charts representing siderable time trying' to evolve from in one column, by drawings, what b?ys in that land generally do in Play the class something original, but she tIme, Rest time, School time, Work did not succeed. However, in the time and Worship time. Parallel with Sunday-school missionary library these drawings, they made others,' showing the boys of India, China, Afwere the reports of the Interchurch rica, South America and Alaska en- World Movement. In looking over gaged in the same activities, but very them the girls found some that were differently.

meaningful to peoplc of their own age, The boys found this interesting but so it was decided they should copy eneountered great difficulty in work- ing out drawings for each activity for' these in part or in whole enlarging all the six nationalities represented. them into poster form. In this wa~' they represented one outstanding need It will be noted that the girls kept closer to the letter of the challenge, for eaeh country. but the boys were far more original.

At this juncture it may be interest- Next came the time to exhibit the ing to mention how the girls talked results, and ask the judges for a deabout the prospective five' dollars, and cision. These judges consisted of an elder in the church, a student in Rehow they should use it if it should ligious Education at Columbia Unicome to their class.

'l'heir first suggestion was that they should use it for a great party. This was exactly what the teacher expected from a group in a mission church where they had received so much from a sponsoring wealthy church, that they had not learned to think of others first. In fact, it was just what the teacher wanted, for now was her opportunity by suggestion here, and suggestion there to lead the girls to a higher type of thinking. She so man-

BEST MEet'HODS

versity, a young people's secretary of Chairmen were made responsible for a Mission Board, and a secretary of various sections of exhibit, for pubthe Missionary Education Movement. licity and other details.

Both groups, boys and girls, were Each cooperating church appointed highly commended for their diligent seven women-two to share in rework, but the judges felt that the sponsibility for procuring exhibit maoriginality of the boys shoulo. receive terials and interesting information the reward. about the missionary exhibit of her church; two, to take part in the There was not the slightest debate pageant; one, to sing in the choir, with them about the use of the money. and two to help with costum~s. I t must all go to some missionary purpose, and Africa was the first sugges- The response was so fine and the tion. Some of the boys enjoyed going association so helpful that a splendid to the bank with the teacher to get the spirit of fellowship, understanding bill converted into French currency, and cooperation between this large and preparing the letter to mail to number of representatives of various Mrs. Bradford, our church missionary. churches resulted.

It is impossible, of course, to esti- Different rooms or sections of the mate the results of such work, for building were skillfully transformed most of th€"m are not immediate. We into China, India, Burma, Japan, do know though that both classes in- Korea, Siam, the Philippines, Latin volved in working out the project got America, Egypt, Africa, the Near a vital touch of world brotherhood East, Alaska, and Home Mission stathat formal, teacher-to-pupil instruc- tions throughout America. No one tion could never have given. dreamed that there were in the com- munity so many interesting and valu- A PROJECT IN COOPERATION AND able articles, illustrative of lifc and customs of various lands. Beautiful MISSIONARY EDUCATION embroideries, exquisite tapestries, rugs and curios, were willingly loaned-a Fifty-eight churches and a very ef- little god, Osiris, from ancient Egypt, ficient Young Women's Christian As- said to be 4000 years old; a huge sociation cooperated recently in an Chinese embroidered wall curtain exhibit and pageant which accom- about twenty feet long and eight feet plished good results in missionary wide brought from Siam by a missioneducation in an eastern city. ary; dolls, idols and costumes from all over the world and many other articles The Committee for Church Co- and pictures showing something of operation of the Y. W. C. A. has in what missionary work has accomplishits membership one representative ed and is accomplishing. from each of the fifty-eight Protestant churches. A leader from each de- One room was given over entirely nomination serves on the Executive to a very valuable collection of Turk- Committee. ish rugs. Their symbolism explained by the owner was in itself an interest- After careful and general discus- ing study in Mohammedanism. sion the decision was reached to arrange a missionary exhibit and to One of the most interesting rooms present a missionary pageant in such was the one in which was displayed a way as to enlist the interest of the the work done in the schools of the entire community, and give a general Southern Industrial Elucational Asopportunity for an the people to see sociation. the stupendous missionary work being done bv the churches of all denomina- The work of the McAll Mission ill tions ind by the Young Women's France and the Waldensian Mission Christian Association. in: Italy was shown through stereopti- con pictures, and talks were given at The exhibit 'was planned to extend stated times. over two days with a pageant to be presented each evening. Pageant and exhibit committees were appointed.

4

Local organizations such as the missionary society when she was a Italian Mission, Whosoever Gospel baby; had grown up with Mission Mission, the Y. M. C. A. and the Y. Study and a missionary vision and W. C. A. were presented in various said frankly to her neighbors, "I'd as ways through posters, and displays of soon try to live v.rithout meals as withhandwork. out missions. "

Most valuable was the cooperation To the departments of the Woman's of returned missionaries who coun- Club she added a missionary departselled about the content and arrange- ment. Only fifteen women in that ment of exhibits, and explained various features to the hundreds of small town are enrolled as members people who came to examine it. of its Woman's Club. Ten of the fifteen belong to the missionary de- For two days an almost constant partment. They have their regular stream of people filled the building. place in giving the programs as part In the evening the Ilarge auditorium of the regular courses of study for the was too small to accommodate the year, and send their contributions to the missionary society of the' denomipeople who came for the pageant, nation tO,which a majority belong. The Search for the Light."

The players presented the story of man's search for God. A seeker turned to Osiris, the ancient Chaldean gods, Jupiter, Mohammed, Confucius, Buddha-until at last she found the Light of the World. As the call of the church for messengers to bear the light was given, many of those who presented the pageant as wen as those who saw and heard the presentation silently reconsecrated their lives in service.

A SMALL TOWN METHOD A STuDENT MEDICAL MISSION POSTER A Women's Missionary Society Displayed at the Student Volunteer Convention, Field Secretary visited a typical small Indianapolis cowboy town in Wyoming. The nearest physician was thirty-five miles away. There was no preacher in the community.

There was a live Woman's Club and one woman from "back east" saw in it her missionary opportunity. She had been enroHed on her home town * Published by Literature Headquarters, 724 Muhlenberg Building, Philadelphia, Pa. Price twenty-five cents.

The Best Methods Department of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD is a clearing house for the most helpful and constructive methods for missionary work. One year '8 subscription will be presented to students sending description of successful missionary methods employed in their colleges, if manuscript is accepted for publication, Address MRS, E. C. CRONK, Editor, Best Methods Department, 721 Muhlenberg Building, Philadelphia, Pa.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME Hebrews-John S. Conning MISSIONS Indian Missions-Elmer E. Higley Migran't Groups-George B. Dean Officers in 1924 Missionary Review of the World-Mrs. E. C.

President-Mrs. John Ferguson Cronk Vice·President-at-Larg'e-Mrs_ Philip M. Mormonism-Edward Laird Mills Negro Ameriaans-Fred L. Brownlee Rossman New Amerieans–Thomas Burgess Recordin'g Secretary-Mrs. Edwin W. Lentz Orienta,ls and Hawaiiwns-George L. Cady Executive Secreta,ry-Florence E. Quinlan Promotion of Intm'e8t-Coe Hayne Treasurer-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd Recruiting the Home Mission, Foree-Flor- Vice-Presidents– ence G. Tyler Nannie H. Burroughs Spanish-Speaking People in the Uni,ted Mrs. Athella M. Howsare Mrs. F. W. Wilcox States-Mrs_ J. W_ Downs Mrs. Effie L. Cunningham Town an-a Country (including Mountaineers) Mrs. E. M. Spreng Mrs. C. E. Vickers -Paul L. Vogt Mrs. M. L. Copeland Mrs. Mary L. Coleman SPECIAL COMUITTEES Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff Mrs. J. H.·McCoy Literatnre- Mrs. J. A. Macdonald Reorganization-.Tohn McDowell Mrs. W. C. Winsborough Standardization of Home Missionary Sert', Mrs. Fred S. Bennett Grace Lindley ice-Warren H. Wilson Mrs. Taber Knox Alice E. Bell WITH MISSIONARY EDUCATION MOVEMENT Joint Committee on Home Mission Litera- ture-Mrs. John S. Allen Members-at-Large– .VITH FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF Mrs. George W. Coleman Mrs. Charles L. Fry FOREIGN MISSIONS Mrs. Wilbur P. Thirkield Day of Pra,yer for Missions- Committees and Chairmen Schools of MissioM- Women's Ohurch ana Missiona,ry Federa- Executive-Mrs. John Ferguson AdmAlnistrative-Mrs. John Ferguson tions–Carrie M. Kerschner Study C01.Irses–Mrs. John S. Allen Literature-Mrs. D. E. Waid Constituent Boards Day of Prayer for Mission's–Mrs. H. N. Baptist Price Woman's American Baptist Home Mis- Schools of Mi,ssionw-Mrs. Dan B. Brummitt sion Society ChautauquOr-Mrs. John Ferguson Women's Church and Missionary Federa- Woman's Convention, Auxiliary to the National Baptist Convention tion.s-Carrie M. Kerschner Student Work-Elinor K. Purves Christian Farm and Cann'ery Migrants-Mrs. Edward Woman's Board for Home Missions of the Christian Church S. Ralston Legislative Matters-Mrs. Samuel Semple. Con'gregational The Congregational Woman's Home Mis- JOINT COMMITTEES sionary Federation WITH HOME MISSIONS COUNCIL Disciples of Christ United Christian Missionary Societ.y Joint Administra.tive-John McDowell AlaslcOr-EmiIy C. Tillotson Et'angelical BUnd, Religious Privueges for the–Irene 'Vornan's Missionary Society of the Evan- gelical Church Haislip Church Builwing-Joseph S. Wise Friends Cities and Urban Industrial Relations- Woman's Missionary Union of Friends in America William P. Shriver Cooperation in States and Other Areas- Lutheran Woman's Missionary Society of the Lemuel Call Bames United Lutheran Church in America Financial ana Fiduoiary Matters-Charle. Methodist L.Wbite Woman '6 Connectional Missionary Society of the Colored Methodist Episcopal Church 211

'1'1tE MiSstoNARY REVH;W OF 'rHE Wonw

Woman's Missionary Society of the Free In(riana North Dakota Methodist Church Fargo Evansville Woman's Home Missionary Society of the Iowa Ohio Methodist Episcopal Church Bucyrus Fort Madison Cambridge Department of Woman's Work, Hor.ne Springfield Seetion, Board of Missions, Methodlst Sioux City Episcopal Church, South Ka.nsas Oklahoma Bartlesville Presbyteriarn Atchinson Durant Women's Missionary Society of the Pres· Louisiana byterian Church in Canada, (Western Pennsylvania Division) New Orleans Pittsburgh The Woman's Auxiliary of the Presby- Maryland (Allegheny ('0.) terian Church in the U. S. Board of National Missions, Presbyterian Baltimore South Dakota Church in the U. S. A. MissMsippi Sioux Falls Woman's General Missiona.ry Society, United Presbyterian Church of North Jackson Texas America Missouri Bay Oity Protestant Episcopal Hannibal Washington The Woman's Auxiliary to the National Montana Tacoma Council, Protestant Episcopal Church Bozeman We.•t Virginia Reformed Nebra"ka Fairmont Women's Board of Domestic Missions, Reformed Chnrch in America York Wisconsin W(}man's Missionary Society of the Gen- Janesville eral Synod of the Reformed Church in Omaha the U. S. New Jersey UrnUed Brethren Trenton The Women '·s Missionary Association of New York the United Brethren in Christ Mt. Vernon Consulting Organizations Council cooperates with National Board of the Young Women's Pederal Council of the Churches of Christ in Christian Associations America National Woman's Christian Temperance Commission on Interracial Cooperation Union N aHonal Council .for Prevention of War Sesqni-Centennial Committee Student Fellowship for Christian Life-Serv· World Alliance for International Friendship ice Through the Churches Aftiliated Schools of Missions Serves on Bethesda, Ohio Boulder, Colorado Allied Christian Agencies (10 national, inter· Dallas, Texas denominational and undenominational Dallas, Texas eNegro) ttgencies) De Land, Florida Houston, Texas American Peace Award (93 social, elvic, Illinois-Missouri (Greenville, Ill.) benevolent and professional organizations) Lake Geneva, 'Viseonsin Minnesota (Minneapolis-St. Paul) Committee on Consultation (7 national, in- Mt. Hermon, California terdenominational, ecclesiastical, mission- Mountain Lake Park, Maryland ary and educational bodies) New Orlea.ns, Louisiana Northfield, East Northfield, Massachusetts Council on Correlation of Programs of Re- Oklahoma City, Oklahoma ligious Education (practically all of the St. Petersburg, Florida varied educational agencies connected with Southern California (Los Angeles) the evangelical communions) Wilson College, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania Winona Lake, Indiana. Federation of Christian Women of the World CONDUCTED BY THE COUNCIL Institute on Christian Internationalism Home Missions Institute, Chautauqua, New (Vassar, June 14-24, 1924) York 'VOlnan's National Committee for Law En· Aftiliated Women's Church and Mis- forcement (14 national women's organiza- tions) siona.ry Federations Sphere of Service California Illi,nois From the preceding summarized Santa Cruz Bloomington and outline the wide sphere of service of the Council is seen. Practically all of District of Columbia. Normal the national women's home mission boards and societies are constituent. WaShington Naperville As will be noted, the affiliated Schools of Missions are situated throughout the country from ~Iassaehusetts to Texas and California, from Minnesota tn .Louisi.ana and Florida. The num-

WOMAN'S HO}'fE MISSION BLT;LETIN

bel' of affiliated local Women's Church such a child labor amendment to the and Missionary Federations is yearly Federal Constitution has already been increasing, while ('onstant corrrspond- introduced into Congress: CH. R. 458, cnce is maintained with between two S. 258.) and three hundred. Resolved, By the Senate and House of The Committees function in realms Representatives, of the United States of of diverse character from the publish- America in Gongress assembled (two-thirds ing of books and other printed ma- of each House concurring therein), That the terial to cooperative endeavor in following article is proposed as an amend- various areas and among specific ment to the Constitution of the United groups of people. The Council has States, whieh when ratified by the legisla- ever been an exponent of the adapta- tures of threo-fourths of the several States, bility of an organization willing to shall be valid to all intents and purposes as serve as channel in whatever direction a part of the Constitution; need dictates, so, as year succeeds year, its hfe takes on new aspects. The '''rhe Congress shall have power, concurcharacter of the agencies listed above rent with that of the several States, to limit on which it has served during the or prohibit the labor of persons under the past year significantly exemplifies age of eighteen years.' J this-a list which no vision would have projected a decade ago. This matter is of such importance that groups studying either "The All through the year the Bulletin Child and America's Future" or will (Jontain Interesting excerpts from "The Debt Eternal" should take direports of various committees pre- rect action to communicate, either as sented to the Annual Meeting in Jan- groups or as individuals, with their uary. 'l'here is space in this issue to representatives in Congress and with mention onlv one or two matters of the President of the United States, to immediate concern. make sure that their desires in this matter are made clear. If there is a S. o. S. CALL TO CLASSES AND sufficient number of such communica- tions th€re is little question but that LEADERS STUDYING THE CHILD the desired amendment will be en- acted. Since the theme "Saving America Through Her Girls and Boys" was The mission study class which ends chosen for study, a peculiar situation only in !'tudy has completed but a demanding the attention of all Chris- fraction of its mission. The study tian people has arisen. Several should lead to practical application. months ago the United States Su- A good beginning can be made by preme Court handed down a decision using the influence of the group in to the effect that the Federal Child favor of the child labor legislation as Ijabor Law was unconstitutional. This here indicated. deeision has created chaos in the child labor situation owing to the fact that COOPERATIVE ADVANCE there are now no uniform standards controlling it. For five years the Conncil and the Federation' of Woman's Boards of There seems to be but one way to Foreign Missions have together, anrt'medy the matt€r and that is to enact nually, through a joint committee an amendment to the Constitution of sent out Ii caU to prayer for missions. the United States making it possible This year the .Foreign Missions Confor Congress to t'nact child labor It'gis- ference and the Home Missions Counlation. Labor organizations and so- cil haye also adopted March 7, 1924, cial ageucies of many sorts approve the first Friday in Lent, as a Day of this method and a recommendation in Prayer for Missions. And so, at last, favor of such action was included in all-men, women, young people and President Coolidge'8 first message to children, throughout Canada and the Congress. United States, will unitedly observe the Day of Prayer for Missions. What. The following bill providing for will this not mean to the cause of the Kingdom! EDITED BY SARAH POLHEMUS, GERTRUDE SCHULTZ AND ALICE M. KYLE Christian Women of the World acters in order to train and influence Sunday afternoon a real Mass Meet- men to do the work of the world. She spoke of the opportunity Ameriing was held in the Madison Avenue can women have in helping Chinese . Ch h· 1 . f h students hold to their Christian faith B aptIst urc, m t 1e mterests te 0 or become Christian, in order that proposed Federation of the Christian China may have the right !.eaders to 'Women of the WO'l'ld. Robert B. supplement and advance the work the missionaries began and are continu- Speer gave a superb address on the ing to do in the sacrificial spirit of limitless and undivided sovereignty of Jesus Christ in the whole field of human life.

Mrs. PeabodY laid before the audi- Jesus. ence the proposition that all the Chris- That India has need for the help tian women of the world should be affiliated in the interests of world and inspiration of a Federation of peace, of ,law enforcement and of fel- Christian Women of the Vorld-as lowship and Christian training for well as a contribution to make to women and' children. Christianity through her natural mysticism and contemplativeness- Mrs. W. A. Montgomery, Mr~. was the theme of Miss Sorabji's talk. Thomas Nicholson, Miss Harriet Ta;– India has been awakened and her lor and Miss Mabel Howell spoke of women realize as well as the men that the many signs pointing to the time- they are a force, but the challenge to liness for such a }<'ederation. They Christians there and friends of India mentioned that different churche~ eve<r~'where is to help turn this force have raised up nationals in various for Christ. Teachers and philosophic lands who are readv to make a con- systems she has had-her need now is tribution to the fuil development of for Jesus Christ.

Christianity. Mrs. Emerich spoke for the people Expression of how women of other in the Near East. The 50,000 orphans there represent potential power that lands looked upon the proposed Fed- can be truly international, internaeration of Christian Vomen of the tional and Christian if the work is World came from three representa- properly developed. She challenged tive women: every woman present to let the Christ touch her eyes the second time so she Komoriya San, of Japan, quoted a will not see" people as trees walking" poem the message of which was that -the statistical wooden way of aca thing may be real even if we can- cepting facts, but will see clearly the not see it. The idea of such a Federa- children as individuaIs, human lives tion was present though many people needing to be nurtured for the future had not been able to see it. She said development of the Christian Church. that women should not merely adorn life, but must be the uplifting spirit.

Japan has expressed this by making Mrs. Peabody outlined the simple the plain plum blossom the symbol of plan of a loose Federation of the womanhood. Since Japan is natural- many national groups of Christian ly very exclusive, she needs ,Jesus women, joined by a quarterly Bul- Christ to internationalize her and letin, with editors in the different women are needed to carry a full lands to give expression to the comshare of this development. . mon aim of a:ll in putting the prin- Miss Kyung Shien Sung, of China, ciples of Jesus into all relations of believes that women have strong char- home and community.

214 Further News from the Annual Meet- the International Review of Mis- ing of the Federation sions. " She felt that she was being The Saturday evening meeting was successful in all three of these comheld on the main fioor of the Y. W. C. A. National Board Building at 600 missions.

Miss S. Sorabji of Poona, India, Lexington Avenue, where supper was dressed in native costume, spoke of served for about one hundred and the schools founded by Mrs. Finley fifteen people. The first speaker on Shepard and the place of need they the topic of The Protestant Cause are filling. India is at the cross roads. and Our Responsibility wa:> Mrs. William A. Montgomery; who had at- Great changes are coming quickly.

More than 1,000,000 women have the tended the international conference of vote and if they are not guided into the Baptist Churches held in Stock- Christianity, their new power will be holm last summer. She reported that women's missionary societies are mak- worse than their former impotence. ing timid beginnings at development Mrs. Nicholson who was present at the Oxford International Missionary over there, all the missionary work Council last summer gave a report of having been in the hands of general b?ar~s for men. They are only be- her experiences. She is the one Amergmmng to have women missionaries. ican woman on this Council. She said The women from America insisted on women have not carried responsibili- ties over there that they have here.

the appointment of women to a com- At the Oxford conference, there were mittee to care for two orphanages in war-devastated lands and it was most Fr~nch, Belgian, German, Japanese, enco.rrraging to note that they were Chmese and doitfhfeerrennacteisonbsurteporneesenctoemd~ with great makmg good. The eighteen children mon purpose and loyalty. It was from poor families in one orphanage school in Czechoslavakia are all de- found that the Lord Jesus can bind together all people and that all diffi- reloping wonderfully under the treat- culties are overcome tnrough prayer.

ment of fresh air, good food and love. Miss Helen Calder, another delegate '1'he possibilities for the future in in- to the Council from the American :m ternational good feelinO" are very Foreign Missions Conference, said encon.raging if America help fu;- ther III caring for children in Russia that her outstanding impression of the and the Balkan States. sessions was the thought of the great fellowship to which we belong. In The seventeen missionaries present regard to the status of women in the were introduced and each one gave a statement of her work and the special churches on the foreign field, she said that the responsibility for all work needs for her field. for women could not be handed over Miss E. M. Edwards of Kinnaird to the men since the committees of College for vVomen, Lahore, India the Nationals are almost entirely men.

made the statement that probably this There was a splendid spirit of fellow- eollege would soon be one added to the ship in all the gatherings which was list of interdenominational Christian Colleges for Women in the Orient in far beyond the fine speeches. This was especially evident in the fact that which the Federation is interested. two German missionaries are return- i~g to Africa supported by the Scot- Miss Muriel M. Underhill of the t1sh Church. We have in this a real Isnat~edrnthaatitosnhael Review of Missions Christian League of Nations. had a threefold mission: Mrs. John Finley told of things and MIss Gonoek had suggested that in conditions il1 Europe, especially in America she would cement interna- the ~alka~s. ~here a real experi- tional contacts. Dr. Mott had charged ment IS bemg tned. Esthonian, Lather to become exposed to American currents of thought and Mr. Oldham vian and Lithuanian women who used had said "See what you can do for to be under the heel of Russia and ~:rIJ1any are n{)w working together as

a result of efforts begun two years ago When we view this fourfold prounder the auspices of the Y. W. C. A. gram in all its implications we see it She raised the question as to whether women might be more ready to forget IS not so simple as appears on the surpast differences and depend on spiritual power and love than were men. fac€' and that it is big enough to Since this can be done in one part of engage our clearest thinking and our the world, it certainly can be repeated best powers. in another. The Executive Committee and the The New President's Meuage Standing Committee8 of the Federa- By MRS. E. H. SILVERTHORNE tion have as their specific responsi- bility the development of ways and "Our doubts are traitors and make us lose the good we oft might win by means to realize these objectives. fearing to attempt." Thus do I The Standing Committees and their apostrophise my doubts as I am attempting to undeTtake the grave Chairmen will be found in the Pebruresponsibility of assuming the Presi- ary Bulletin. 'These Committees will dency of the Federation of Voman's piesent the work of their respective Poreign Missionary Boards of North departments from month to month in America. this Bulletin.

Doubts multitudinous would assail Since we are- a Pederation of Womeven the bravest in attempting to fol- an '8 Poreign Mission Boards, an allow in office and leadership the liance for mutual interests, such a unique, far-visioned and wonderful program as outlined above can never President, Mrs. Henry Peabody, who be realized except through the closest has been our leader during this past and most cordial cooperation. And year. Such ·doubts made and 8till your new President cannot move one make me fear to attempt to follow fltep forward unless we all agree "to that great leader. I therefore, have de- keep step together." cided not to essay the impossible,- namely, to follow her, except a long This means that we must have the "cay off, for I am no seer and no fullest cooperation from each of the prophet and I cannot do the wonder- affiliated Boards as we trv to rea:lize ful things she has done, though I am our objectives and togethe'r make the grateful and glad to have been priv- Federation function and serve effecileged to sit at her feet in the school tively. As an Executive Committee of the prophets. our cooperation must be the closest as we study the situation together and in Very humbly then in assuming each particular field of responsibility these new duties and new honors I pre'Pare ourselves out of experience, shall try" to win some further good" research and a clear understanding for the Pederation by attempting to develop a specific but simple prolram. of the needs and demands of these changing times, to meet "New Days That program, I take it, is outlined with New Ways." for us in article II of our constitution which states the objective of the Ped- We also crave closer cooperation eration as follows: . with the affiliated Summer Schools of Missions and the City Federations in (1) To promote greater efficiency of the order that we mav beo mutua'l1v of work of the Women '8 Boards of .Foreign greater service. In· this connectio"u we Missions. are also eooperating most cordially with the Council of Women for Home (2) To stimulate interest, prayer and Missions, so that our help and apstudy. proach to these two organizations may (3) To secure a fuller development of be closely coordinated. resources, As we develop our program to- (4) To secure a huer con~eption of the scope and purpose of Woman '8 Wark for gether we must never forget our ))Jj8SjOJlS. spiritual objective and that" unle~s the llord build the strurture thev labor in vain who build it," .

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LATIN AMERICA toward the work. We are trusting UnevangeIized Regions and praying earnestly that Centenary QUOTING statistics of 1916, the pledges may soon be paid up in order Alliance Weekly states that there that the building program for the mis· are 1,182 Protestant missionaries in sion fields may be carried on. Revival all South America. In Colombia there services are now being carried on in are only twenty; in Venezuela, thirty; the new chapel and Mr. Clements and in Ecuador, twenty.four; in French I are in charge of the music. The Guiana there are none. North Brazil house was full last night and we hope is almost entirely unoccupied. In fact, the northern part of South America, there will be a good attendance every night. "

except for the coastal and near·by College Students in Colombia cities, is the largest unevangelized A FRUIT.b~UL sphere of Christian region in the world. In Mexico there work in Bogota has been found are states with a million population among the students. "It is esti. with no foreign missionary work. mated," writes Rev. W. H. Rainey of There are only two hundred ordained the British and Foreign Bible Soministers, both foreign and native, to ciety, "that there are 5,000 university preach the Gospel to fifteen million and technical school students in the people. Seventy-five thousand are Colombian capital. There are no thus dependent on each ordained min· boarding departments, or hostels, in ister. There are ten provinces in connection with the University, so the Peru, each larger than Holland, where provincial students live in boarding there is no evangelical work. It is a houses. Personal experience is needed hopeful sign that the presidents of at to make one realize how cheerless, least five countriesc–Mexico, Guate· squalid or overcrowded some of these mala, Argentina, Bolivia, and Ecua· places are… Some of these young dor-have asked that Protestant mis· men make great sacrifices and suffer sion work be carried on in their actual privation in order to secure a countries. higher education, which, in Colombia, is the only door to the professions.

A New Chapel in Havana Many of them specialize in the clas· THE opening of a new chapel for sics, but are quite ignorant of the the Cuban congregation in Ha· Great Classic-the Bible. I spoke one vana is described by Mrs. E. E. day with a young man who had just Clements, of the M. E. Church South: graduated as a Doctor of Law, and he "The people were so happy and eager confessed to never having had a Bible to be able to occupy their own chapel. in his hands, but, he naively continued It is a beautiful auditorium, large and, – ' I have heard that the literary style airy and brilliantly lighted, with of the book of Job is very fine.' We splendid acoustic properties – but it were able to present him, as well as a cannot be finished because Centenary number of other graduates we visited, appropriations have stopped. It is with a Bible as a souvenir of his marvelous to me what they have been graduation. Our Committee had gen- able to accomplish with so little erously granted 100 Spanish Bibles money. The architects are former for this purpose. Thus in Colombia pupils of our school in Havana, and we are reaching not only the lower have been splendid in their attitude classes, but also those who tomorrow 217

will hold the destiny of the republic "IX. In a sweeping reduction of arma- in their hands." ments by all nations_ A Converted Spanish Priest "X. In a warless world, and dedicate our- selves to its achievement_" REV. AGUSTIN ARENALES, now on a mission to the Evangelicals Student. and Home Missions of Latin America, was for fourteen years a Spanish Romanist priest of the THE Student Fellowship for Cbrismost pronounced type, having as his tian Life-Service, which aims "in special mission the extermination of fellowship, prayer, and vigorous effort Protestantism in Spain. A contrib- to make America Christian for the utor to GuaiemaJa, News writes: friendly service of the world," was described in detail in the September He has been making addresses to assem- Review_ The National Council met in blies of nationals all over the country with Indianapolis at the time of the. Student excellent effect. In Guatemala City he Volunteer Convention, and its Over- spoke to paeked houses in both churches, tures ComnVttee proposed amalgation and later in the theatre which was also with the S:tudent Volunteer M.bve- crowded. The novelty of discourses by a ment. A part of the report of this Spanish ex-priest created very general puh- Committee read: lie comment and even the dailies have dared in some cases to notice him quite favorably. Believing that the fundamental motive All this means progress in religious liberty behind home service is the same as that be- in Guatemala. hind foreign service we are led to raise the question as to whether it is not now an NORTH AMERICA opportune time to consider the broadening of one movement to include the scope of International Ideals both. The Student Fellowship has no de- she to develop a parallel organization, but NOT only the great Student Volun- rather to secure the adequate emphasis upon teer convention at Indianapolis, service in the home field. We propose, therebut also the nine student summer con- fore, that a j oint commission be created by ferences, gave large place to what the executive committees of both organiza- David R Porter in The Student tions to study what we believe to be a World calls "the cultivation of the fundamental principle of both organizations international mind." In illustration looking toward a broadening of one of the may be cited the following interna- organizations to include the present functional ideals, which, after considerable tion of both. discussion, were adopted by the forums at the Estes Park and Lake The officers of the Student Volun- Geneva conferences: teer Movement, however, are con- vinced that the Foreign Mission work "We believe is so unique in its requirements imd "I. That nations no less than individuals so gre.at in its needs that it would not are subject to God's immutable moral laws. be advisable to enlarge its scope to "II. That nations achieve true welfare, include general Christian work in the greatness, and honor only through just deal- home fields. ing and unselfish service. "III. That nations regarding themselves Morrison Centennial and the Bible as Christian have special international obligations. ONE hundred years ago Rohert "IV. That the spirlt of Christiau broth- Morrison finished the translation erliness can remove every unjust barrier of of the Bible into Mandarin Chinese. trade, color, creed, and race. The occasion was observed in New "V. That Christia,n patriotism demands York City under the auspices of the the praetice of goodwill among natlons. American Bible Society by represen- "VI. That international policies should tatives of the missionary activities in seeure equal justice for all races. China, with addresses hy Honorable "VII. That all nations should associate Sao-Ke Alfred Sze, Chinese Ambasthemselves permanently for world-peace and sador to the United States; Rev_ J. good will. r~eighton Stuart, D_D_, President of "VIII. In international law, and in the Peking University; and Dr. William universal use of international courta of justice and boards of arbitration.

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1. Haven, General Secretary of the bers. But the only concern of the gathe·ring American Bible Society. The Ambas- was to audit the achievements of the Counsador told of conditions in China at cil in the area of life and work, and to plan the time of Morrison's arrival, that for larger results. There are some things tended to prejudice the people against which the Federal Council cannot do and foreigners, but, he said, "The attitu~e remain true to its purpose. It cannot inter· of the people toward Westerners III fere with the program of anyone of its general, and missionaries in par- constituent or cooperating bodies. And it ticular, has also changed, thanks to cannot occnpy itself with questions of doc· the door that Robert Morrison opened. trine or orders. It has no critical judgment Westerners coming after him are able regarding those who believe these to be the to accomplish a great deal. And I most important things in Christianity. It believe that a great deal more can yet merely desires to express that unity which be accomplished. At this time, when the churches already possess, and believes China is passing through a period of that this can be done most effectively in transition in her attempt to follow the d(}main of Christian life and work. The the example of this country and to Federal Council is a visible embodiment of solve the problems of true democracy, evangelical unity. she needs all the patience, tolerance and advice of all her friends; and, New York City Statistics above all, such advice as is of a constructive character." DR. HARI~AN G. MENDENHAI1L, stated clerk of the Presbytery of The American Bible Society, in New York, has compiled statistics 1822, made a grant of $3,000 to help with regard to the religious life of publish this first Chinese Bible; .the that city, which show that there are British and Foreign Bible SOCIety eighty-one religious communions at made even larger grants. The Bible, work, with 1,660 houses of worship. in whole or part, is now available in The Protestants have 1,941,847 mem- China in as many as thirty-nine lan- bers, the Catholics 1,948,730, and the guages, dialects, and colloquials. The Jews 1,640,000. The pupils in the average circulation on the part of Sunday-schools number 420,000. The the American Bible Society during the income of the various denominations past two or three years has been about was estimated six years ago at $12,- 2000,000 volumes. Since the Society 000,000 annually. Dr. Mendenhall first established its China agency in further reports: "The church mem- 1876, it has circulated 32,789,716 vol- bership of the United States is about umes of the Christian Scriptures in one third of the population; in the China. City of New York the proportion is greater than in the country at large, Federal Council Meeting while in Manhattan the membership holds the same proportion to the popu- T HE executive committee of the lation as is found in the country out- Federal Council of Churches held side New York. From these figures its annual meeting in Columbus, Ohio, we find that while New York increased December 12-14, 1923. Themes dis- in population seventeen per cent in cussed dealt with evangelism, local ten years, in the same period the councils, social service, interracial co- Presbyterian Church increased fully operation, international justice and twenty-six per cent and the Congregood will, and other subjects. The gational Church, nineteen per cent." Christian Century comments on the significance of the meeting: Organized Charity in New York From tl,e beginnbg to the close of tl,O T HE Charities Organization Someeting of the Executive Committee it wns ciety (105 East 22nd Street, New clear that those present were wholly uncon· York) was established in 1882 to cerned about doctrinal or ecclesiastical dif· serve as a center of inter-communicaferences. On those points there might have tion between churches and charitable been striking divergences among the memo agencies, to foster cooperation, to pre- vent overlapping and to promote the general welfare of the poor by giving

adequate relief by social and sanitary City in January, passed resolutions reforms, and by instruction in habits reaffirming the faith of its members of thrift and self-dependence. in the Holy Scriptures and in Jesus There are 2,000 social agencies in Christ as the Son of God and urging New York listed in the "Directory of that these beliefs continue to be Social Agencies" and a record is kept taught in all Lutheran schools. Rev.

of 500,000 families known to the 250 Dr. Charles J. Smith, President of agencies using the "Social Service Roanoke College, Roanoke, Va., de- Exchange. " By this record, the facts clared that "thinking men resent any about any family can be ascertained setting up of dogmatic standards quickly. Cooperation has been pro- which are measured by the rule of moted and many families in distress heterodoxy or orthodoxy." He said have been helped to attain self-support that many men who run against dog- and higher ideals. The Society also matic teaching in theological semi- works to secure better tenement house naries either leave or give up the conditions, to help in the administra- struggle or else 'become indifferent tion of criminal courts and conducts when they go into the world to preach a training school to prepare students the doctrines they have been taught.

for social service. "It is the function of the college to train men to think, and at the same The Bible by Radio time it is the function of the theo- T HE Radio Bible Service Bureau logical seminaries to deal sympathet- has bee'll organized by a group of ically with the men who think," said Christian men in Cincinnati, Ohio, Dr. Smith.

"to give to the world daily, a message from the Word of God by radio broad- Christian Race Relations T casting, and thus inculcate right HE work of the Commission on Interracial Cooperation, which, as thinking and right living, the solution of the evils and social unrest which readers of the Review know, is an trouble the world today." For Christ- organization of white and colored mas time a special three-minute pro- Americans of the Southern States, gram was prepared, with the general with representative interracial com- title, "The Nativity of Christ," and mittees in over eight hundred South- four subheads, the Annunciation, the ern counties, is beginning to bring un- Magnificat, the Birth of Jesus, and mistakably good results (1) in closer the World's Best News, all given in cooperation between groups, which the exact wording of Luke's Gospel. hitherto often remained apart in ig- The Radio World estimates the daily norance and suspicion, (2) in united average of those who "listen in" at action for the building up of Chris- 11,160,180 and this number is increasing rapidly. Literally millions of tian homes and communities, and (3) people can be reached by radio who in the application of Christianity to otherwise would not receive these the problems of everyday life. Mrs. "nuggets of truth" from the Scrip- Annie M. Schmelz, a Virginian white tures. 'rhe Radio Bible Service woman, in addressing the annual Bureau is supported entirely by vol- meeting of the National Federation of untarv contributions. Its work is free Colored 'Women's Clubs, summed up from – commercialism, undenomina- the underlying Christian philosophy tional and non-sectarian. Its service of the Movement toward interracial cooperation and good will, saying: is free to all. It may be· that the impulse, the great Lutheran. Reaffirm Faith ideal, in the hearts of those of my people in the South who freed the Negro from T HE National Lutheran Educa- physical bondage, has arisen and is expresstiona:l Conference,at its eleventh ing itself today in the Interracial Commis- sion of the South. This Commission, comannual meeting, held in New York posed of Christian meu and women, stands

ready to help you now in other ways-first be given the hope of attaining an education of all to help you to help yourselves. It or tbey should be protected from snch tragic stands back of your splendid leaders, many destruction of their dreams. of whom are being crucified by your own people-as you know. It stands back of There are many other hardships and them with a heart of sympathy and under- evil influences for the women and standing, ready to see conditions from your girls connected with the dances. It side and striving with the strong arm of appears, for instance, that there is the law to hold the scales of justice evenly "a give-away" dance, during which a balanced, both for the whites and for the dance-intoxicated Indian may give blacks. away" any or every possm!sion which he may have worked years to acquire- Home for Chinese Boys his horse, cattle, flour, household goods, even his clothing." He some- THE San Francisco Bay Cities Bap- times, it is said, includes a daughter tist Union, the Northern Cali- or a wife in the list of his benefactions. fornia Convention and the Home Mission Society have finally secured EUROPE title to a desirable piece of property for a Chinese boys' home. The sum British Student Movement of $3,150 has been subscribed to improve the property, and the Chinese T HE Student Christian Movement are ready to give $4,000 to equip the of Great Britain corresponds to building '1'he work will be pushed the Student Departments of the rapidly forward to completion.- Young Men's and Young Women's Watchman-Exam.iner. Christian Associations in the United States. Of its annual report, "Our Indian Women and Dances Work in the Colleges in 1922-23," the editor of the Church Missionary Re- THE efforts of Hon. Charles Burke, view says: "This report is an illumi- Commissioner for Indian Affairs, nating commentary on the mind and to restrict the Indian ceremonial outlook of the young men and women dances have been referred to more who now fill the universities. It conthan once in the REVIEW. New light is tains much to relieve the anxieties of thrown on the subject by Miss Edith those who fear that the Movement is Dabb, of the Indian Department of honeycombed with modernism or the National Board of Y. W. C. A., worldliness. It reveals that in the who shows what it means to Indian Movement the supremacy and cenwomen and girls. She says: trality of the Bible in personal reli- gion are clearly maintained. The Many of the ceremonial dances of the missionary aspect of the work of the American Indians bring discouragement and Movement is of particular interest. misery to the young girl on the- reservation. The Student Volunteer Missionary She has no choice in the matter as to Union continues its fine work of rewhether or not she will participate in them. cruiting. Missionary st,:dy forms a What chance has the desire of one little vital part of the Movement's scheme girl to continue her studies at school against for the coordination of all studythe weight of tribal opinion? TheBe chil- biblical, social, and international-by dI'en, who, through their school studies and which it seeks to avoid a lopsided derecreation, are just beginning to enjoy a velopment of the student's mental carefree girlhood, are often called back to equipment. the reservation at the age of twelve or thir· teen and are made to take part in the cere- Protestantism in France monial dances, which mean for them child marriage and usually motherhood, with all MONSIEUR JEZEQUEL, secreits cares, at the very age when they should tary of the National Union of be getting the most out of their education. Huguenot Churches of France, and I have seen these girls, forced to give np Madame J ezequeI, one of the leaders what they so desired, back on the reservation of the French group of the World tending their babies, and they are literally heart-broken. They have lost all hope of accomplishing anything beyond what their mothers accomplished before them. The very spark of life seems crushed out of them. Either these children should never

Alliance for International Friendship of printing has become prohibitive, so through the Churches, are quoted in that in one country alone three hun- Christian Wark as taking a hopeful dred religious publications have been view of religious conditions in Protes- suspended. Pastors' salaries have tant France. Thanks to the 300,000 been reduced in some countries to two Protestants in the reannexed prov- dollars per month, and hundreds of inces, French Protestants today num- them are working long hours in the ber 1,000,000. The great majority of fields or in the mines or in factories French people are outside the Church to keep body and soul together, able and have practically no interest in only to give the left-overs of their religion as embodied in Christianity. time to their chosen work of the pas- The Protestants possess more than toral care of a people as poor as them- their proportion of influence in the selves. country. Forty or fifty Protestants sit among the six hundred, more or Ban Private Schools in Russia less, deputies in the French Parlia- ment. The French Protestant Church THE New Yark Times reports the is enjoying a new vitality since the prohibition of teaching children in war. Where there used to be only private institutions in Russia. Per- five or six men studying for the min- sons, teachers or parents who violate istry, today there are thirty or thirty- this regUlation are liable to severe five. Of course, some of these come penalties, especially if they have given from the new provinces. But even so, instruction to groups of more than the number from the old French three children. Soviet official circles Church has very largely increased. explain this measure as intended to The Church is working up socieiies combat "pernicious non-Communist for the young people, Boy Scouts, a influences," but the real reason is to Young Men's Association, and so on. be found in the fact that private The church attendance of the young schools in Moscow and all the provin- people has increased. French Protes- cial towns are very numerous, the tant leaders look forward with great- parents clubbing together to engage est hope. teachers to instruct their children with a resultant emptying of the Com- Protestants in Need munist schools. At the same time the Government publishes new statutes LAST spring the Central Bureau for for the Soviet schools, one of which Relief of the Evangelical Church- prohibits punishment of any kind es of Europe appointed Dr. Adolf whatsoever. Keller of Zurich, secretary and Rev. Chauncey W. Goodrich, American Russian Demand for Books representative. They report that "European Protestantism is at the J O. J. TAYLOR, of the M. E. greatest crisis since the Reformation. " Church South, writing from Si- Three quarters of the Protestants of beria, just before coming home on the Continent, in their effort to main- furlough, said: "In facing the tr€'- tain their work, are in more or less mendous problem of bringing evandistress; and in the regions most gelical Christianity to 160,000,000 .tried Protestant institutions are near people in Russia, we face a problem collapse. In almost every country of both unique and difficult. The Ruscentral and eastern Europe the de- sians are a people who read-read inpreciation of the currency has wrought telligently and constantly. Their pitiful havoc among Christian institu- bookstores, even under the present tions. Endowments of hospitals, or- horrible conditions, are often crowded. phanages, deaconesses, schools, have Their hooks are the last thing, in many shrunk to nothing, and such institu- caBes, that they sell to keep away the tions are closing by scores. The eost wolf from the door. In presenting the Gospel to them we constantly meet

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one inquiry, 'Can you give us some- and to make available the full results thing to read on that question ~ , of this study, 'While thev have some books on the question of evangelical Christianity Preaching in a Mud Village they have not yet so much as made a start. In a conversation with Pastor THE Students' Union, the under- Olson and Pastor Fetler of the Bap- graduate religious organization in tist Church yesterday, they told me the American University at Cairo, has that they had practically no literature undertaken several evangelistic visits in the Russian language for their to neighboring villages. One such preachers and workers to study. To trip is described by a participant: face this problem without an adequate "Although the houses in the village literature will be impossible. " were few, the inhabitants, both human and animal, were very numerous. As AFRICA we went down the narrow village street, the constantly growing crowd Commission Goes to East Africa followed us. 'When we arrived at the house of the amdah (mayor), there I NVESTIGATION of the hygienic, was a good-sized group of the fellahin, economic, and educational condi- who crowded into the little room set tions in the light of experience devel- aside for public gatherings. One of oped in the United States is to be the teachers from the American Uni- .carried on in East Africa by Dr. versity at Cairo conducted the service Thomas Jesse 'Jones, Educational Di- through an Egyptian boy, an underrector of the Phelps-Stokes Fund, graduate at the University, who acted who headed another commission a few as interpreter. The whole thing was years ago. Other American members very simple and informal. After an are Dr. James Hardy Dillard, of the opening prayer, there followed a Bible General Education Board and Presi- story. The Bible, with its Oriental dent of the Jeanes and Slater Funds; illustrations, is real to these folks. As and Dr. Homer Leroy Shantz, Agri- one young American put it, 'They culturalist and Botanist of the United just ate it up.' It was different from States Department of Agriculture. services in this country, for the na· The party is to spend eight months in tives repeatedly interrupted with East Africa, Egypt, Soudan, Abys- questions, and during the most intersinia, Kenya, Uganda, Ruanda, Ur- esting part of the story they insisted undi, Tanganyika, Nyasaland, South- on serving coffee to their guests. At ern Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia, the close of the service, tracts with Portuguese East Africa and South simple Bible stories and colored pic- Africa. This Commission has been tures were distributed. After much organized through the cooperation of hand.shaking and well-wishing, they the Phelps-Stokes Fund, the Interna- bade us good-by and begged us to retional Education Board, which was turn to tell them some more about recently established by John D. Rocke- Jesus. The next week the men will feller, Jr.; missionary societies of Eu- go back again, and as the interest rope and America, and governments grows, the wives of the faculty memdirectly concerned in Africa. The bers will go out to teach the women." purposes of the Commission will be to inquire as to the educational work in New Mission in the Congo the areas to be studied; to investigate the educational needs of the people in THE Congo Inland Mission is a new the light of the religious, social, hygi- society with headquarters at Grand enic and economic conditions; to as- Rapids, Mich., which sent two workcertain to what extent these needs are ers to the Belgian Congo in November. being met; to assist in the formula- Two others, Mr. and Mrs. Raphael tion of plans designed to meet the Valentine, who have been at Nyanga educational needs of the native races, Station six months write the follow- ing: ' ,We can readily love the people,

in aJl their filth, but to see their fetish tribe before untouched by the Gospel. worship, and to hear the music which After six months of language study they dance with, makes one shudder and some seed sowing, Mr. Beitzel to see how bound they are by Satan. writes of the work: "Weare already How we do need your prayers that seeing some fruitage which makes us the Lord will help us and guide us 'thank God and take courage.' Five in all these things which are so new of the school boys (all kings' sons) to us, and if handled in the wrong will soon be able to read the Word and way will mean a great hindrance in are desiring it. At least four of them His work. Pray also that we may give evidence of following after the speedily get a grasp of the language things of God. ,Ve covet each one of for it is not reduced to writing. What them for gospel heralds. There are a joy it will be when we have the others of the older ones who interest language and can proclaim liberty to us very much. One bright young man the captives." came out clear cut for Christ. He was terribly persecuted by his people and Johannesburg Secret Society they were hindering his attending at the services, And then an attempt T HE recent appearance in Johan- was made on his life by two men one nesburg of a secret society calling night. They were armed with axes, itself by the high-sounding title of and had it not been for the fact that the White TJ(>ague is causing much he was sick that night and not asleep perturbation in the minds of many he might have been ushered into the thinking people in South Africa. The presence of the One he served. He editor of the South African Outlook, endured all these things cheerfully commenting that the thrashing of a and walked in several miles to the young Kaffir who had accosted a white daily services and all day on Sundays. girl "savors too mueh of the doings He had given up his three extra wives of the notorious Klan of the Southern and given every evidence that he States which began its work with meant to go with God. At present he thrashings and easily passed on to the is in trouble of a nature that I canlynchings that have brought such dis- not describe here. I request prayer grace upon the name of American that he may be brought through it by justice and fair play," asks three per- the power of God." tinent questions: "Who are the men who have taken upon themselves the THE NEAR EAST role of accusers, judges and executioners and have usurped the func- Mission Work Resumed tions of the government officials of the country; further we would ask if THE New York Times for January the officers of the law are taking any 10th carried a message from Consteps to deal with the members of this stantinople which read: "Rear Adsociety' in their illegal actions; and miral Bristol announced today that finally, if those who compose this 8e1£- the American hospital at Aintab constituted body of champions have together with the American missionseriously considered the effect upon ary schools at Marzovan, Mardin and the great mass of law-respecting citi- Marash, recently closed by order of zens whose color differs from their the Turkish authorities, will be reown1" opened. " Readers of the REVIEW will remember the statement in the Febru- Work Among the Jarawas ary issue that the Turkish authorities had ordered Dr. Lorrin Shepard of MR. and Mrs. Beitzel, who were Aintab to give up practicing medicine, sent out a little over a Yllar ago as he has no license from the Governto West Africa by the Sudan Interior ment to practice in Turkey. The hos- Mission, after a few months in the pital has had to turn away many pacountry were sent to open work in a tients because the workers simply

NEW:-; FIWYI MANY LANDS

could not attend to them. For the last visory councils, and the Arab agency year, ninety-six per cent of the pa- or any other foreign influence. (4) tients at the clinics have been Mos- The formation of a native democratic lems. Such a record suggests great government in the fullest sense, likehope for the fu,ture of missionary wise a Constitution agreeable to the work in Turkey. It is good news that wishes and spirit of the population. the American State Department has used its good offices to secure the open- First Turkish Woman Doctor ing of the hospital even though permission is not given to Dr. Shepard DR. SAFIEH ALI, a member of the to continue his practice in Turkey. class of 1916 of the Constanti- nople Woman's College, who for the British and Arab in Palestine past seven years has been studying medicine abroad, is the first Turkish TWO cable dispatches which ap- woman to practice in Constantinople peared in the New York Times for where her success has been remark- JIIovember 13th, show some of the diffi- able. She has been holding a clinic culties of the present administration at the American hospital and more in Palestine. The first, after express- than 200 patients have been treated ing the regret of the British Govern- by her there. She is also giving a ment that the Arabs have refused the course of public lectures on the care offer of an Arab agency, points out of children, to which both men and that the Goverpment have made three women are invited. The Director of successive proposals with a view to the Turkish Medical School and the closer association of the Arab com- Rector of the University have both munity with the Administration of personally encouraged Dr. Ali and a Palestine, namely, establishment of a personal letter wishing her success has Legislative Council, on which the been sent from Mustapha Kemal Arabs would have been represented Pasha, president of the new Republic. by ten elected members; reconstruction of the Advisory Council so as to Drawn by the Bible secure effective Arab representation, and recognition of an Arab agency THE power of the Word of God to with functions similar to those as- win men to faith in Christ is illussigned to the .Jewish agency under the trated in the following recent stories terms of the mandate. "Toward all from Persia. A young sheikh, a memthese proposals," says the dispatch, ber of a prominent family, went to a "the Arabs have adopted the same at- native evangelist in a missionary titude of refusal to cooperate, and his party which was visiting the fanatical :IIajesty 's Government have been re- Moslem city of Turbat, and told him luctantly driven to the conclusion that that as a result of reading a few chapfurther efforts on similar lines would ters of the Bible some months before be useless." he had come to the conclusion that Jesus Christ was God, and he wanted The second dispatch announces the to be baptized. "I gave him as much campaign of propaganda on the part instruction as I could," says the misof the New Palestine Arab National sionary, "in the two days before I left Party, and sums up its political aims. Turbat, but he was so busy talking These include: (1) Palestine to re- with his friends about his new faith main Arabic. for the Arab inhabitants, that it was difficult to find time to free from every foreign and Zionist teach him. The next day this man right and influence, since the country proudly brought in one of his friends, is part of the Arab countries. (2) another sheikh, whom he had led to Arabic as the country's official lan- believe on Christ. 'What first interguage. (3) Non~recognition of the ested you in Christianity V' I asked. Balfour declaration, the Palestine 'I came here to the hospital the day Constitution, the legislative and ad- before it closed,' the second sheikh S

prerapyleierd~. 'and the doctor was having used to be, as many widows are, sec- As he read from the Bible ond wife to a heathen man, was bap- and explained its meaning my heart tized and received into the Church in was strangely drawn. Then when I ] 918. She lives in one of the furthest saw how the Christians were here villages, Sagaon, and for over two healing our sick while we were doing vears no one visited her village. Dur- . nothing for them, I realized that the ing an evangelistic campaign one Christian religion must be true.' " group visited Sagaon and found her happy and busy testifying. Five of INDIA her relatives, three women and two Pilgrim Preachers men, were ready to be baptized. After a recent campaign in that village fift.y A NEW method of evangelistic ~o~k asked for baptism. One of our newly is reported from South IndIa III ordained Indian preachers and sesthe Dnyanodaya, which says: sion composed of newly ordained "Twenty-four men called 'pilgrim elders are planning to go out to preachers' (missionaries, pastors and Sagaon to baptize this group. This laymen of evangelistic spirit, who is a sample of the way Kodoli Chris- know English and Tamil, without any tians 'carryon.' "

distinction of missions), will move forward on bicycles from town to Union Church in Patna. town in the Tinnevelly, Madura, Trichinopoly, and Tanjore districts in REV. J. W. PICKETT of Lucknow the summer of 1924 (for one month writes in the Indian Witness of only) with no trunks or boxe.s, but having conducted a service for a re-' with boxes and baggage to be tIed on cent.ly organized union church at the bicycle carriers, accompanied by Patna, the capital city of Bihar and many Christian friends in the respec- Orissa: "A survey made by several tive towns marching through the laymen entirely on their own initiative principal streets, playing violins and disclosed the fact that the Protestant other musical instruments, distribut- Christian community there is divided ing tracts and booklets, and preaching into four main groups, Lutherans, the Word of Life and the beauty of Baptists Anglicans and Methodists. holiness. Lectures in English will be No group was large enough to justify held indoors at night for the educated the organization of a 'church under Indians along the route.. The Pilgrim denominational control, and the mem- Preachers will join at Trichinopoly on bers of the various groups were not the day previous to starting the cam- willing to break their connection with paign. Railway fare and luggage their several denominations in order charge for bicycles will be paid them to unite in a church under the control from their respective places to of any single body. They finally de- Trichinopoly. Then they will move cided'to organize what might fairly from TrichinopolY. Food, toll-gate be called an Indian counterpart of the charges and other necessary expenses community church which has become will be given by the way. The cam- so popular in some parts of America. llaign will end in Tanjore on the last There was some objection to this proday of the month. Railway fare and posal on the part of a section of the luggage charge will be paid from Tan- Anglicans, but it was heartily accepted jore to their respective places." by another section and by the repre- sentatives of all the other churches.

A Faithful Witness Services were instituted early in 1923 and have been held regularly since MISS MARIE GAUTREY, of the then. Ministers of all the cooperating American Presbyterian Mission churches are invited to hold services at Kodoli, western India. writes: as frequently as can be arranged and "Girzabai, an illiterate widow who when no minister is available one of

924) NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

the lay members of the congregation God's service. A 'poor' man can hand takes the service. Plans are being to the pastor Rs 70 for the year as his made for securing land and erecting special tithe for God, besides what he a suitable building, but in the mean- gives in other ways. I learnt elsetime the services are held in a room where that the converts from the treeand on a verandah of the house occu- climbing class are a particularly fine pied by one of the members." set of men, with such grit in them as makes them successful in many Disestablishment in India branches of work."

RECEN'rLY the Lucknow diocesan CHINA council in India voted on a proposed measure which would sever the A Letter froDl General Feng bond uniting the Indian Church with England and the state. The measure SPECIAL interest attaches to the secured a vote of 55 to 10. A part of following letter which "China's the proviso in connection with this Christian General" wrote to the Britvote, says The Chris'tian Century, is ish and Foreign Bible Society: "that in the judgment of the committee to be elected for that purpose by Headquarters of 11th Division, Nan Yuan, this council, the proposed agreement Peking, 26 September, 1923. to be made between the Church and the Goyernment of India sufficiently Your lett.er includiug a membership cerguarantees the continued use in pro· tificate reached me day before yesterday; vided churches of the formularies and and I am very glad to learn that your customs of the Church of England." Committee have appointed me an Honorary It is understood that if the Church of Foreign Member of your Society. I feel it India becomes independent it will still is a great honor to me, but dare not say I be in communion with the Church of am wortby enough to deserve it. England. Lately I have been busy; hence I am not Gifts from Tree-Climbers able to do so much work for Christ, Our Lord, as I wisbed. However, one thing A c. M. S. missionary in North I'll tell you-that is, all the officers under India, who recently made a tour my command have Bibles and some read in South India and Ceylon, wrote of even every day, of course not all of them; his experiences in Tinnevelly, where yet there are Bible classes during weekdays the Indian Church is largely se1£- and Sunday service on Sunday. We have governing and wholly self-supporting: six Chinese preachers of our own, and the "I had some interesting talks w~th Peking preachers, either Chinese or for· three of the leading Indian clergy. eigners, help Us a good deal. We have es· There are immense numbers of tar tablished a small chapel at the street in trees (palmyra palms) in the district Nan Yuan, where my officers go to preach (which often in North India are a in turn. In a word, I have done as much cause of drunkenness). Here they as my leisure permitted. produce great quantities of .iagari, or sugar. In one part even the 'poor' Please give my thanks to the Committee congTegations are fairly well off, and in your report, and I humbly thank you for are able unitedly to raise Rs 5,000 a your labor as well. May God bless you all. year from the manufacture of jagari, besides contributing Rs 2,000 to col- Yours sincerely, lections. The tar trees have to be (Signed) FENG Yu HSIANG. ·climbed three times a day, to keep the sap flowing. On Sundays they must The World's La.rgest Book be climbed twice, but the people have instituted the rule that all jagari THE Library of Congress possesses gathered on Sundays is devoted to what is said to be the world's larg- est book, in the Chinese .dictionary, which contains 10,000 pages. Instead of gathering the pages together and binding them in a single volume, the Chinese have made them into four or five separate books, like magazines; and these inside books, about an inch thick, are wrapped and fastened cleverly with clasps. This giant among dictionaries is divided into various sections. There is a part de-

voted to words covering celestial mat- five into the Y. M. O. A. and other ters, then geography, human relations, religious organizations as secretaries, science, literature, and government. and the remainder have become engi- It was given to the library through neers, physicians, literary workers, President Roosevelt, to whom it was etc. Rev. Robert F. Fitch, D.D., the presented by the Chinese nation Itt president, writes: "In all these past appreciation of the action of our gov- years no class has graduated in which ernment in remitting the Boxer in- there was a single member who did demnity. not profess his faith in Christ and be- come a member of the Church. 'rhis New Prayer-meeting Methods has taken place in spite of the fact that more than half of our men come T HE church in the Disciples Mis- from non-Christian homes, many of sion in Chuchow, China, has in- them from the most influential families creased its enthusiasm and interest in of the Province…… At present there all activities of the church by some is a student body of 244 young men. unique plans for the prayer-meeting. The two dormitories that we have are For one meeting a list was made of abEOlutely crammed full and twice as students who are members of the many are annually refused entrance church there and are now at school in as are admitted." other cities. Out of a membership of 200, some sixty students are attending Mah-Jong and Missions school in Nanking, Chinkiang, 800chow, Shanghai, Anking, Hwaiyuen. A T the instance of a group of A special effort was made to have the Chinese Christians who recently parents of these students in the pray- met in Hongkong, the National Chriser-meeting. There were sixty present. tian Council of China has written the At another meeting the names of the Federal Council of Churches about children in Chuchow schools who are the playing of the Chinese game of from Christian homes, were tabulated. "mah-jong" by American Christians. There were nearly forty and their The letter claims that the introduction names were written on the blackboard. of the game into the social life of The children as well as the parents England and America is having a were invited and seventy·one at- weakening effect upon the moral tended. For the next meeting a list stamina of Chinese ,Christians. It will be used of all children under states: school age in Christian homes. "Mah·.jong is almost invariably played -World Galt. for money. The stakes are often very high, and as much as $1,000,000 has on oecasion Every Graduate a Christian been lost or won in a night. It is played by all classes, but broadly speaking it is H ANGCHOW Christian College, not countenanced by Chinese of high moral the only Christian college in the standing. To our great sorrow the practice province of Chekiang, China, has of playing mah·.jong for money is increasing made a remarkable re'Cord. It began not only in China generally but in the Chrisas a small primary school in 1845, and tian Church. This increase in not a few is now duly chartered in Washington, cases can be traced to the fact that the game D. C., under a board of directors rep- is being now so largely played in the so· resenting the Executive Committee of called Christian conntries, which is snp· Foreign Missions in Nashville and the posed to give a, certain sanction to its nse Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- by Christians here. This wonld be an argu· sions in New York. Over 1,000 stu- ment easily dealt with were it not that dents have attended this school and good Christan folks are among those who ~ome unde'r its influence. Of the 200 are joining in it. . . . It is not for us full college graduates, about sixty to condemn such persons, nOr would we say have gone into the ministry, about that it is wrong to play mah·jong without seventy-five into businel*!, about thirty stakes. We do feel that, in view of the terrible curse to this land which comes through gambHng and in particular through this form of it, Clnistian people in Eng·

NEWS FROM MANY LAXUS

land and America should seriously consider American missionaries, the only ones whether they ought not to place a limitation upon what may seem to them to be quite there, that they would not be molested. legitimate enjoyment. 'Ve may remind you The American Consul at Yunnan-fu, that the apostle said, "All things are law- Yunnan Province, received a telegram ful, but all things are not expedient." December 23d from Likiang, Yunnan, adjacent to Szechwan, saying that A Chinese Bible Student bandits had captured Batang, which P ASTOR HSIEH, a C. 1. M. work- for years has been at the mercy of er in Anhui Province, has been bands of Tibetan outlaws in territory holding special meetings, including a nominally under Chinese controL two ,,,('pks' Bible training school, at Officials of the United Christian Mis- various points in Kansu Province. sionary Society (Christian Churc11), Miss H..K Levermore, of Tsinchow, then did not believe any of their miswrites of him in China's Millions: sionaries at Batang were molested by "His quiet, bright, thorough Chris- the Tibetans, as mail was arriving tian character has impressed eV'eryone_ regularly, and none of the letters For twenty years he has been giving complained of any molestation_ The his whole time to work for the Lord, Christian Church missionaries are t.he during which time he has never ac- only ones at Batang.

cepted a wage or asked for help, but.

t.old only his needs to the Lord, trust- JAPAN·CHOSEN ing Him to snpply every need for January Earthquakes himself and family, which He never AN Associated Press dispatch, dated has failed to do. He told us some- Tokyo, January 15th, read: "Fifty thing of thp deep testing of the first persons are believed to have been year and the way the Lord met his killed in Tokio, Yokohama, and the need. A simple man of very little outside districts in today's earthschool education, his messages and quake, while many persons were insermons were full of quotations from jured. No casualties among foreignthe Confucian classics and from Bud- ers have been reported." dhist and Taoist sources used with much aptness, often to show that Another report stated: "Hundreds while thC'se religions had good moral- of temporary houses in Yokohama istic maxims they altogether lacked the power to follow them. He spoke crashed, with several hundred casualon many subjPct.s that closely touch a ties, and possibly one hundred deaths. Chinese mind and heart, many of Six telephone girls were killed in the which it would be difficult for a for- collapse of a boarding house in Tokio. eigner to treat with the same force The Y. M. C. .A. building was wrecked. or acceptance. I realize more than One of the main gates of the Imperial ever that the Bible just meets thp, Palace is down The authorities are needs of the Chinese people." taking every precaution to prevent an outbreak of racial feeling such as led to the massacre of Koreans during the earthquake last September_ Two fires Bandits in Batang were speedily checked. The fire fight- BEIJATED news of the capture by ers slowly patrolled the temporary Tibetan bandits of the remote barracks quarters, reassuring the peo- Chinese town of Batang, in the west- ple. ' All telegraph, telephone and ern part of the province of Szechwan, cable lines were put out of operation. "

near the T:ibetan frontier, reached Peking early in January, and carne Student Volunteers for Japan C thence to the New York Times. Ac- ONFRONTED by the millions of Japanese, especially in the rural cording t.o a telegram from Chung- king, Szechwan, the town was taken districts, who are still unevangelized, November 17th. The leaders of the some of the missionaries have corne to bandits, the message says, assured the feel that the time is ripe for larger

things, for a greater consecration of vow against drink, which he has kept Japan's young life to definitely Chris- ever since. His e.onversion soon took tian work, and are praying earnestly place, and he rapidly developed into to that end. Indications are not want- a powerful local preacher. From that ing that the Japanese Church, too, it was only a step to consecrate himlaments the scarcity of workers, and self to the ministry. is waking to larger visions of the immense territory waiting for the Mes- Christians in Japanese Diet sage. Many denominations are thinking of their task in nation-wide terms. F EBRUARY eleventh is a gr.eat na- Hence there is great reason to hope tional holiday in Japan, being the that the call for workers will soon be anniversary of the coronation of the sounded by the Japanese Church, first emperor. For many years the louder than the missionaries ever Reverend Masahisa Uemura had sigcould do, and that some day in the nalized the day by inviting all the near future a definitely-organized Christian members of the Diet to a Volunteer Movement under Japanese special religious service. In 1923 one auspices may be called into being. This of the deacons of Pastor Uemura's past summer two of the younger Jap- church, Mr. Daikichiro Tagawa, M.P., ese leaders met with a group of mis- invited the Christian members of the sionaries to discuss the situation. Diet to meet a number of Christian With the assistance of these two men, leaders, ine.luding several from the it is planned to issue leaflets setting Student Movement. It was most inforth the call to the ministry, and to teresting to see members of different urge the churches to devote specified parties gathered in the bonds of Chris- Sundays to preaching on this subject. tian fellowship. Among other things, Thus it is hoped that the movement the injection of Christian motives into may develop under distinctly J apan- international relationships was earese leadership. nestly dise.ussed. It is a source of gratitude to know that there are Once a Drunken Conductor about thirty Christian members of Parliament among whom are a num- A YOUNG Japanese theological stu- ber of former Studeut Movement dent, whose home is in the city of leaders, many of whom have main- Tottori, owes his present purpose to tained close contacts with the Moyethe devotion of Mrs. Bennett,anAmer- ment. ican woman missionary. He was formerly a railroad conductor, and one The "Water-Level Association" day while intoxicated he insulted a young woman who was traveling ASOCIETY bearing this name has alone. A missionary mother, who was been organized for the uplift and also on the train, interfered in behalf emancipat.ion of 3,000,000 people in of the young woman. The conductor Japan who were formerl)' called eta became very angry, but when he had and have for hundreds of years been cooled down a bit the missionary per- set apart for the special business 'of suaded him to come and see her at her slaughtering animals and the making home when he was off duty. He did of shoes and various despised occupaso, and before he left her house he tions. They are thought by some to had promised never to drink again. be of Korean extraction (prisoners of But the missionarv did not let the war), by others to be pure Japanese, matter end with this promise. A few but to have fallen into disrepute- be- 'days later, to her sorrow, she found ca.use Japan is so largely Buddhist the man half drunk. But her self- and therefore averse to all taking sacrifice and evident motherly interest of life. When they inaugurated in his welfare so overcame the ma.n the movement in 1922, they called that he then and there made a solemn upon their kinsmen to "get firmly to- gether," and said: "We are living in

1924J NEWS FROM l'IIANY LANDS ~31

an age when mankind is about to be and spiritual encouragement gotten converted to God….. Knowing as we once every seven years while on furdo how cold-blooded and callous so- lough-and even then, so great is his ciety is, and what deprivation means, supply, that he can spend ten months we pray from the bottom of our hearts out of his year of furlough going for the warmth and beam of life, from church to church telling of his which we so much prize." Early in work. This is far from the truth, for 1923, 5,000 of the association's 30,000 there is no class of church worker members he,ld a meeting in Kyoto and that stands in such constant need of passed variolls resolutions, among inspirational help and encouragethem these: "(1) To demand the re- ment as the missionary, whose work moval of discriminatory treatment in calls heavily on his spiritual reserve army and navy (it is now practically and whose separation from the church impossible for one of this class to be- life he has always known makes it come an officer); (2) to cease paying difficult for him to be always enthudues to the great Buddhist temples in siastic and hopeful. When we heard Kyoto; and (3) to back up the recog- of the Biederwolf party's plan to come nition of the Soviet Government in to Kwangju, the missionaries were as Russia." The movement is against rejoiced as the native church, for we idols' and on its fiag has a crown of all felt the need of spiritual reviving thorns. Though some fear that these and we were delighted at the prospect people are Bolshevists, others expect of hearing again some real music." it to form an' alliance with the labor movement, which may become mutu- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC ally beneficial. Disciples in the Philippines Labor Proposes Lower Wages THE Disciples Church is planning SEVERAL months ago the Japam to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary Advertiser reported a remarkable of the founding of its Foreign Missituation in Shizuoka prefecture, sionary Society by a special campaign where two groups of employees pro- for funds, to be used chiefly for new posed a reduction of wages owing to buildings in the mission fields. Mrs. business depression. The example E. K. Higdon says, in World Call, was followed by an association of " The building of the Singalong wood cutters. "The companies gladly Church will mean that that congregaaccepted the demand for an increase tion can have two services on Sunday, in wages made by our members when an adequate Sunday-school, ministerthere was trade prosperity," said the ing to the many children of the leaders, "and the time came for us to crowded district in which it will be help the companies in their struggle located, and a young people's service. to make both ends meet." These things are impossible now be- cause it is using the student church Biederwolf Meetings in Chosen which is a number of blocks from its own district. It will release the Taft DR. BIEDERWOLF, Mr. Homer Avenue Church for the use of the Rodeheaver, Miss Grace Saxe and students in the morning. The rest Miss Hay conducted a four-day meet- house in Baguio will insure a vacation ing for foreigners and Koreans at to at least three missionary families Kwangju, October 23d-26th. What who otherwise might have no vacation this meant to the missionaries is vivid- and will be available for any sick ly put by Rev. L. T. Newland: "There missionaries, who otherwise might seems to be an opinion current in the have to be invalided home. The new home church that the missionary is an home in Manila will stop the payin2: inexhaustible well and can spend his of excessive rents, and by being close days inspiring the native 'churches to the work of the missionary family, to zeal and good works, while he him- will add greatly to its efficiency." self can get along on the inspiration

Call of China's 'Great Northwest: or that of Dr. Kao, and his

Kanan aud Beyond. By Mrs. Howard work so richly crowned, were penned, 'faylor. Map, Illns. viii, 215 pp. Lon- Christian readers would feel well re- don; China Inland Mission. 38, 6<1. paid for their interest. Mrs. Taylor 1923. gives proof that this corner of the vineyard is slowly becoming a garden A new book by Mrs. Taylor, but the of the Lord. Who will help ~ H. P. B. same old spirit of love to all in China, the same proofs cited to show how that spirit is used of God to win Glimpses of Indian America. W. F. Jordan.

needy peoples, a still greater readi- 12mo. Price $1.75. Fleming H. Revell ness to carry the glad tidings on the Company, New York. 1923.

part of those newly evangelized, and The great problem of Mexico is an a new field of effort vividly set forth Indian problem. Of the 2,000,000 in- on the edges of lofty Tibet and among hahitants of Guatemala, in Central the various Moslem tribes of Kansu. America 1,200,000 are pure Indians.

In that province, one of China's A vast territory in the Basin of the largest an.d most remote, a scattered Amazon is peopled by half-IVlked sav- force of some threescore missionaries ages, as yet untouched by Christian is cooperating with Chinese workers civilization; of the various peoples in a task that is strenuous, faith de- living within the limits of Ecuador, manding and soul rewarding. In few Peru, and Bolivia less than fourteen books dOBs one find such unusual per cent are of pure, white blood; stories of God's presence among His and more than half of the 7,000,000 workers, such proofs that He hears inhabitants of these countries are and answers prayer, such almost primitive, ignorant agricultural Inmiraculous coincidences. It is doubt- dians, living in an almost uube- less true that with the author's emo- lievable condition of degradation and tional and poetic temperament, she poverty.

has selected and painted her material This book, by an American, pre- and has not told the reader all the sents a study of not only a crying truth. y.et she certainly does not hide need but an unexcelled opportunity thB hardnesses and difficulties of for the investment of effort in that Kansu life and work. Even the most valuable asset of any land-its thrills of travel in the near-Tibetan people. The highland Indians of fastnesses would cause an enthusiast Mexico, Central and South America to hesitate before offering for that arB a distinct field of missionary en- lofty, barren, semi-savage field. deavor, the fringe of which has The 2,500 members of the Chris- scarcely been touched. Inhabiting tian community, more than half of the high valleys and table-lands that them communicants, arB not well edu- form the backbone of the continent, cated; they possess little of this they themselves constitute the back- world's goods and face St. Paul's bone and bulk of the population. It "beasts at Ephesus" in the persons of is generally acknowledged that their hostile Mohammedans and Tibetans; condition today is worse than when they daily suffer semi-ostracism from they were discovered and conquered their own folk-and yet they rejoice by the united rBpresentatives of the in the Lord, and trust in their newly Spanish Church and State.

found Friend and Saviour. Even if The author has had an unusually only one frequently recurring figure, swcessful career in promoting the 232

THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

sale and distribution of the Bible in Some items are technically Catholic; Latin America. His ministry brings him into close and constant contact but the substance is generally interwith all classes. Out of a full heart he writes a record of his experiences esting. Perhaps no Protestant volume and observations while pursuing his chosen task, which is in reality a sin- has been written in the same coopercere plea for the down-trodden aborigines in the lands south of us. ative way, and with practically no S. G. 1. connecting links between the letters Maryknoll Mission Letters–China-Volume and diary entries. H. P. B. One. Illus., map, xvi. 364 pp. New York. The Macmillau Company. $3.00. 'Francis de Sales Buchanan, Missionary ill 1923. New Guinea. Gilbert White. 59 pp. Though these- "extracts from the Macmillan Co. New York. Society for letters and diaries of the pioneer mis- the Propag"tiou of Ch";stian Knowledge. sioners of the Catholic Foreign Mission Society of America" are dedi- London. 1023. cated to "those American Catholics, priests and laity, who, since the foun- Francis Buchanan would probably dation of the Society have opened for it hearts in sympathy, purses in sus- have shrunk from the publicity intenance, and. lips in prayer," it is a sumptuous volume that cannot fail to volved in this biography because of interest Protestants as well. It is a sample of the literature now appear- his humble conviction that he had ing under the enthusiastic heads of Roman Catholic missionary operations achieved nothing worthy of report. as they are beginning from this side of the Atlantic. Bishop Gilbert White, who knew "lYlaryknoll" might seem to be a sBpuircihnagnasntorwyelil~ has written this in- Training Institution in Scranton and such a way that in in New York State and a mission station in Canton Province, China; in the quiet life of this man of God we reality it is the common name of the Catholic Foreign Mission Society of see first the source of his selfishness America. Its first quartette of missioners were set apart in September, and frnitfulness. In this age of fever- 1918, and hence this first volume of letters does not speak from any long ish activity and absorption in maexpe·rience. Their first field was in southern Kuang-tung, where they be- terial things it is good for us to be gan work under the French Mission of Paris. From their first arrival, their brought into contact with a soul so progress and doings are circumstantially chronicled almost day by day. purR and with one who sought to serve Sincc all were new to China-except that Father Price, their Superior, had his Master quietly in obscure places. been in China the year before-these The story is a record of noble s~r~­ letters and diaries are naively written and are as readable and full of color ice by one who had very marked lImIas one is likely to find in any modern book of travel and foreign residence. tations. Francis B'uchanan's health For those who wish to know how was always indifferent; his advanced Catholic work from the very start it> year'!' were against him. when he fi~st carried on, this is a fine source-book. went to this field and m some qUIte important respects, he ~a~. :poorly equipped for th-e responslblhtlCs he had to meet. Many who read this storr wil~ praise God for the inspiration It brmgs to them especially those who have feared that 'they could do nothing because they could do so little. Th~ great lesson of this life is that the SImplest service faithfully rendered may be abundantly bless~d by God, Who in His wisdom chooses the weak things of this world to achieve His purposes. c. w. A.

The Land Systems of Mexico. George Mc- Cutcheon McBride. American Geograph· ical Society Reseaych Series No. 12. New York. ., The important place that the l.and question has had in the MexlCan Revolution makes this book of special importance. It is an authoritative nounced to be unsatisfactory; it is thought to contain not one doctrine and unbiased discussion of the ques- but many contradictory doctrines, and its doctrinal developments ;tre retion, including the Agrarian Revolu- garded as obsolete. But back of these contradictions, Dr. Scott discovers an tion which has been going on during "essential gospel" which is the per- lllanent possession of the race. the last twelve years and which still What then is this essential gospel? is the most important question before Surely this is a fair question, but it is never answered by Our author in the Mexican Government. any satisfactory way. One thing, however, seems to be clear-the "es- Mr. McBride states his conclusion sential gospel" of Dr. Scott is not "good news" at all; it is not an acas follows: "From the historical facts eoum; of something that has happened or (as in the teaching of Jesus) somepresented, it is apparent that the thing that was soon to happen. The essential gospel of our author, on the system of latifnndia with peons at- other hand, proclaims not an event but an ideal. He says: ' ,We have tached has long outlived the situation learned to seek the reality of the New Testament teaching not in its specific for which it was introduced as part doctrines but in that which lies be- hind them-in the moral and religious of a conquest regime. Geographical ideal which they seek to interpret" (p.47). 'rhere lies the profound difconsiderations indicate that, while the ference between Dr. Scott's views on the one hand and the whole New Tessize of properties must vary in re- tament on the other; Modernism merely presents an ideal to the human sponse to the diverse physical char- will, the New Testament sets forth a rcde~ming act of God; Modernism acter of the se'veral natural regions, is couched in the imperative mood, the New Testament primarily in a trisuch extensive holdings as now exist umphant indicative; Modernism comes forward with an ideal, the New are not essential in any part of the Testament with a GOSP'll. J. G. M.

country; that, in most districts, they The Home !lnd Health in India. Kate Platt. 216 pp. William Wood & Co. cannot be regarded as the logical New York. 1923. product of the environment; and This is useful preliminary reading that, in many regions, small properties for missionaries expecting to go to India, and to a lesser extent for those are a far more natural response to the going to other parts of the tropics. The author has the very worthwhile conditions of climate, soil, and relief. purpose of trying to guide people at the start; and the range and detail The ethnic composition of the popula- of the book bespeak wide experience.

tion, while making the system possible It is divided into three main sec- tions: (1) Making the Home; (2) in the past, does not demand or war- About the Nursery; (3) Tropical Diseases. rant its continuance, but rather ap- The first of these takes up the techpeals for its abolition. Considerations nique of life in India. With due al- of the economic, social, and political welfare of the country argue for a reduction in the size of the haciendas, for a great increase in the number of ranchos, and for the protection of the pueblo collective holdings until such a time as the Indians shall be able to assume full individual proprietor- ship. " S. G. I.

The New Test;,ment Today. By Ernest Findlay Scott, D.D., Professor of Biblical Theology in Uninn Theological Seminary, New York. New York: The MaemilHm Company. 192~ [first printed 1921]. Pp. 92. Price 75 cents.

The New Testament, according to Dr. Scott, is full of contradictions; Paul, the (supposedly late) writer of the Fourth Gospel, and Jesus Himself were children of their own age and were strongly affected by the pagan or late·Jewish currents of thought that prevailed around them. Thus, as a source of Christian doctrine, the New Testament is prolowance or adaptation for the view- The book contains much readable point of a British government or information about the country and business resident of Inaia the info. people. One of its best features is a mation and discussion are informing short vocabulary of well-known J apa- and practical. nese proper names with their pro- The second section, on the feeding nunciation clearly shown. The book and general care of children, is not closes with a simple pagean.t in which exclusively with reference to life in Japanese characters, whom we suspect the tropics, though with special refer- of being real persons connected with ence to India conditions. It should the missions of the Southern Presby- b'j taken as the author intends, as sup- terian Church, describe their conver- plemcntary to further study, but is sion and work for Christ, and in a Ruggestive and condensed statement. which children representing a Japa- From .a medical standpoint, the nese kindergarten or Sunday-school third section on "Tropical Diseases," sing "Jesus loves me" III the Japa- is probably the most generally useful nese version. J. H. B.

for missionaries going to all parts of The Religiolls and Social Problems of the Orient. By Masaharu Anesaki, D.Litt., the tropics. The concise description L.L.D., Pro:!'. of Science of Religion in Tokyo Imperial University; Prof. of of tropical diseases of the tropics, Japanese JJiterature and Life in Harvard University. 73 pp. $1.00. Maemillan many of which are widely prevalent Company. New York. 1923.

elsewhere, as well as in India, is well This brief but interesting and valu- able discussion by one of the most done. Missionaries going out to these distinguished students of religion in the world, is limited to Japan. The regions should have at least this much author combines the highest· culture both of the Occident and of the Orieont knowledge of the prevalent diseases so that it is of great value to get his point of view on the deeper aspects and of their prevention and treat- of developments in Japan.

ment. E. M. D. Four brief chapters describe the outstanding point of contrast in The White Fields of Japan. By Lois .T. the mental attitude of the West and Erickson. 207 pp. 50c paper, 75e cloth. the Ea5t; the interaction of Buddhism Presbyterian Committee of Publication, and Christianity in Japan; the re- Richmon'l, Va. 1923. lation of modern industrialism to spiritllal forces; and the rise of new Mrs. Erickson outlines the progress and significant religious phenomena of Christianity in Japan from its in- in Japan. Dr. Anesaki shows that troduction by Xavier and the Jesuits great things are happening in Japan in 1549, through the time of the in the spiritual realm, but the discus- Dutch Protestants and the long period sion is too brief to give an adequate of seclusion when Japan became a conception of th£'ID. Hermit Nation, up to the coming of the seed-sowers in 1853 and the begin- The point of view is that of the ning of modern missions from 1859. student of religion rather than that of the believer for Dr. Anesaki is not From this point the book deals a Christian, and we have never underchiefly with the Japan missions of the stood that he is a Buddhist, in the Southern Presbyterian Church but so 8ense of accepting the fundamental many types of work are portrayed tenets of that religion as true. He that the book will be of general inter- writes as one to whom religious pheest to all students of missions. Stories nomena are interesting and important, of some of Japan's outstanding lead- but who has himself no definite coners, such as Verbeck and Neesima of victions as to religious truth. the early days, Pastor Uemura, Madame Yajima, I<Jvangelist Kanamori, and Apostle· Kagawa of the Slums, of modern times, are well told.

The last chapter discusses Japan's foothold on the continent in Korea and Shantung from the missionary standpoint.

In the first chapter our attention is wholesome growth where the' foreign attracted by the passage: "It was missionaries' are sole masters of the this sympathy and love [in Bud- 'native converts.' Where is Christidhism] that worked to make roads on anity to be found if mere pity or the prairies, to build bridges over the even contempt on the one side favors streams, to plant fruit trees, to erect submission, or suspicion, or animosity almshouse'S along the highways, to es- on the other; if haughty domination tablisb hospitals and dispensaries, as rules ovel' subservient dependence 1 well as colleges and monasteries …. Ve must refrain from detail in this "But ihis situation is changing; connection, except to point out that yes, it must change if Christianity is there is a large field of history here to be the genuine religion of Christ, yet to be opened up to the Occidental even in the Orient." public. " Dr. Anesaki does injustice both to On some future occasion Dr. Ane- the missionaries and to his Christian saki should present the details here fellow countrymen in this gross cariomitted, for if Buddhism has ever cature. It is not and neve-r has been been a large force for social better- the attitude of missionaries and Japament it has been much misunderstood, nese would not submit to it. not only in the Occident,. but by large numbers of Chinese, Japanese The fourth chapter is the most inand Koreans. teresting and valuable for here the author discusses the rise of the im- Another thing that one! would like portant new religious phenomena in to see elaborated is the following Japan, such as Tenrikyo (although statement (p. 25) : not named) Omoto Kyo, and the move- ments repl'esented by Arishima, "In Buddhism this faith in the Kagawa, and Nishida. Especially deperson of the founder was ever re- lightful is the account of Mr. Nishida's garded as the source of life for those visit to the Omi Mission, founded by who believed in him." Wm. Merrell Vories, at Hachiman, near Kyoto. Mr. Nishida is said to This is something new. "Faith in have discovered there "how property the person of the founder," "those can be made the instrument of spirwho believed in him"-what do these itual living and service instead of a things mean, in Buddhism? We know hindranr~e to them." If Mr. Nishida what they mean in Christianity. When takes that lesson to heart it will revoa man "believes in Christ" he en- lutionize his. entire system of thought. trusts himself to Jesus Christ as a Would that many American Chrisliving Saviour, who can and will do tians could make the same pilgrimage things for him what he cannot do for to Omi, with the same result! A. P. himself. Is any such thing believed by any Buddhist about Gautama? In Palestine at the Empty Tomb. By E. E. 'rhe Shinshu Buddhists haVe! indeed Violette. 12mo. 89 pp. $1.25. George such a faith with regard to Amida, H. Doran Co., New York. 1923. but Amida is not Gautama, the historical founder of Buddhism. Here is a short narrative of a traveler and a tourist in Palestine. Prof. Anesaki is right in exposing The author, Dr. Violette, the editor of the superficial argument, used by Point of View, is a believer in imsome early missionaries, that Chris- mortality and in the bodily resurrectianity should be accepted because it tion of Christ. The visit to Calvary was the basis of Western civilization; and the empty tomb brings the conbut this argument never constituted viction to the tourist that the bodily a considerable portion of the teaching resurrection of Jesus Christ is a vinpresented to the .Japanese. dication of the perfect life of God and an assurance of immortality to One sentence, on p. 30, is a blemish every child of the true and living God. on an otherwise fair discussion: "How can Christianity achieve a

THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

Tables in the Wilderness. By Amy Wilson books have been published and dis- Carmichael. 12mo. 154 pp. Is, 61l. tributed by the thousands; sex has S. P. C. K. Depository, Vepery, Madras, been taught and talked about in the India, 1923. For sale at 50c a copy home, the school, the church, the press, by Miss Oora Kane, 197 No. Allen St., but today social conditions are worse Albany, N. Y. than before. Evidently knowledge is dangerous unless it is accompanied by The work of' faith and labor of love Christian principles and power to confor Indian children have been richly trol thoughts and acts. Dr. Gray rewarded. Here is the behind-the- here gives in a helpful discussion of scenes story of how the needs have scx problems from a Christian standbeen supplied. It is written in Miss point. He advocates making use of Carmichael's charming style and is a all the ideals and forces that establish stimulus to faith and to sacrificial and strengthen character. He does works. not excuse sin or weakness and holds up a high idea pf purity (md of When Black Meets White. By John Louis marital happiness. We believe, how- Hill. 12mo. 149 pp. The Argyle Pub· ever, that the control of Christ over lishers, Chicago. 1922. all the life should be more clearly emphasized than is done here. It is The race problem is one of the great only the indwelling Christ who can problems of America-but it is not cast out effectually the demon of altogether a colored problem. The selfish and sordid passion. white race is also a problem and will be until its members are thoroughly Lives 0' Men, or George Bowman of Pit- Christian. tenween. By Margaret Pyle. Pamphlet Is net. China Inland Mission. Lon- In this book, the author, a colored don, Philadelphia and Toronto. 1923. man, gives his view of race-relationship. The basis of his thesis is that Mr. Bowman was a missionary of expressed by the publishers in the the China Inland Mission, who spent preface: "To cure the ills of the a few short years in China, but whose world and harmonize the discordant influence was beautiful, strong and notes of life. the sum total of man- far-reaching. kind, including both leaders and followers must think in terms of mind, Life as a Stewardship. By Guy L. Morrill. not in terms of matter." 'The essence Pamphlet. 25c. Presbyterian Board of of the problem is also expressed in Puhlication. Philadelphia.. 1923. the words of Dr. Lyman Abbott: "T.o deny the brotherhood of man is to Five Bible stories on man's re] adeny the fatherhood of God." tion to things. teach the lesson of own- ership, partnership, earning, spend- 11r. Hill takes up the race problem ing and giving on the basis of s.tewin America, north and south; the ardship. The pamphlet is an excellent psychology of the Negro, his. history textbook for Bible classes. and contribution to progress; America's need of the Negro and the race Woman's Magazines Unite. questions of freedom, social equality, amalgamation and service. It is a Two Presbyterian publications, helpful study for people (1f both Woman's Work and The Home Miswhite and black races. sions Monthly, which have hitherto represented the woman's home and Men, Women and God. By A. Herbert Gray. foreign missionary interests have 12mo. 199 pp. Paper, 60c. Associa· .been merged into one monthly mag- tion Press. New York. 1923. azine under the name Missions East and West. The editor will be Miss Present moral and social conditions Lucia P. Towne, of New York, for reveal cl<!arly the great need for several years associate editor of The Christian ideals and standards in sex Continent. The first issue of the new relationship. A few years ago, teach- publication is to be dated April and ers maintained that the motto to be adopted was "know thyself." Sex

its headquarters will be the Presby- is refreshing to note the warmth of terian Building, 156 Fifth Avenue, the author's spirit, and the genuine New York. sincerity of his message on the Divine Program, the Divine Purpose and the Anglo-South American Handbook. Edited Divine Power. J. F. R.

by W. H. Koebel. The Macmillan Com- pany. New York. 1922. More Twice Born Men. By Harold Begbie.

In addition to the usual commercial, 8vo. 164 pp. G. P. Putnam's Sons. New financial, political, legislative, geo- York. 1923.

graphical, and historical information The study of the psychology of and the notes concerning currency, conversion by no means exhausts the tranl:lport, and bibliography, details subject. The facts are greater than are included in this business hand- any explanation of them. Mr. Begbie book, concerning the best means of enters a different realm than that cov- travel. s. G. 1. ered by the "down and outs" dis- cussed in his "Twice B'orn Men."

The Argentine Republic. Its Development Here he takes up the conversion of and Progress. Pierre Denis, D. es L. college men in the missions conducted Charles Scribner's Sons. New York. in England by F. B. (Frank Bu- chanan). '1'he incidents are more in- Mr. Denis writes of the conquest of teresting than are Mr. Begbie's the soil by man and the exploitation philosophizings on them. He does not of the natural resources. The develop- understand, or fully appreciate, the ment of agriculture and cattle breed- spiritual forces and processes that ing is carefully studied, as well as the account for the transformations, but growth in population and enlargement he records some modern miracles that of the urban centers. The author, in awaken his admiration and baffle his mentioning these aspects of Argen- philosophy, though he does not admit tina, has dwelt upon the early history and development of the various re- it. sources of the country, thus giving a foundation for a clear understanding A Protestant Encyclopredia. of iis pres.ent industries. Mr. Denis, "hO&8 work on Brazil in the South Representatives of twelve Protes- American series will be remembered, tant denominations have joined in the is an authority on South American incorporation of a new religious edusubjects and his view upon these ques- cational body known as The Institute tion& is of recognized value. s. G. I. for the Advancement of Christian Knowledge, with Judge Henry Wade Every Member Evangelism. By J. E. Rogers, LL.D., as president. The first Conant, D.D. $1.50. Sunday School ~tep in the Institute's program, which Times Co. Philadelphia. 1922. contemplates the study of religious Every zealous pastor will be greatly problems and engaging in religious stimulated by reading this book so full surveys and research, will be to secure of helpful suggestions on personal the publication of an "American En- evangelism. The presentation of the cyclopredia of Christianity," for theme moves steadily forward to its American Protestantfl. Theore is an destination. Dr. Conant rightly places editorial board of nine Protestant the responsibility for soul winning scholars, headed by Dr. Joseph Cullen where it belongs—on the individual Ayer, professor of ecclesiastical his- believer. With pungent, straightfor- tory in the Divinity School of the ward style the argument is developed. Protestant Episcopal Church, in Phil- The effect is cumulative. From the adelphia. The work will be in twelve scriptural basis, the author carries the octavo volumes, extensively illus- reader through the practical applica- trated, of approximately a million tion of this theme, past the diffi.culties words each, and will require six years of personal work, to a program, which, to be completed. The editorial policy as he says, will save the Church. It will be strictly impartial, from an

THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

objective point of view, and it is pro· are dealt with; also the part of a wife posed to have at least two different in giving and the rightful training of writers handle subjects which are open children. Stewardship is shown to in- to controversy. The publisher is to be clude the right use of intangible Appleton, publisher of the Catholic values such as time, strength, example, Encyclopredia. ' , 'fhe need for a body service, attitUde, life and prayer. In- like the Institute for the Advance· dividuals, churches, heads of families, nmnt of Christian Knowledge," says financial committees and others will .Tudge Rogers, "arose out of present- find here a wonderful storehouse of day conditions. This is a day of a fact, Bible teaching, illustration, and new and widespread religious renais- practical suggestions.

sance. It is an hour in which the Answered Prayer in China. By Charles E. Protestant Church of the United Scott. 8vo. 219 pp. $1.50. The Sunday States faces new duties, hears a new School Times. Philadelphia. 1923.

call to new activities. The purposes Nothing is more stimulating to faith of the Institute, in general, are to and life than authentic narratives of function as a laboratory of religion, direct and specific answers to prayer where competent workers can engage such as are given here. Dr. Scott in research and where church prob- speaks from experience in a way that lems can be studied." should convince doubters and .

strengthen saints. His volume in- Shelton of Tibet. By Flora Beal Shelton. cludes stories of conversion, demon Illus. 8vo. 319 pp. $2.00 net. George exorcism, cures, money returned, res- H. Doran Co. New York. 1923. cue from robbers, persecution 'Cnded, plots foiled, opposition overcome and Those who already know of the ad· lives transformed. The stories are venturous and self·sacrificing life, and calmly and convincingly told in a way the tragic murder of Dr. Shelton, a that holds the interest and stirs the little over a year ago, will welcome heart. this stirring account of his heroic and useful life on the borders of the For· bidden Land. rlfrs. Shelton, his con- . A Guide of Religious Pageantry. By Mason Crum. 12 mo. 134 pp. $1.25. The stant companion. tells the story as no Macmillan Co. New York. 1923. one else could. It is a true hero tale. more interesting than many novels, The American public is running full of information about the country wild on plays and pageantry. Even and people and rich in adventure educated people are fast 10'sing their among strange people. The narrative power of concentration and enjoyment forms a clarion call to others to take of any serious book or disconrse. up the work of carrying the Gospel They want their information highly to these neglected people of the" Roof spiced with pictures and action. 'fhis trend is unfortunate, but naturally of the W orId." Christian educators are trying to turn The Christian and His Money Problems. this fad to account for Christ and mis- By Bert Wilson. 8vo. 236 pp. $1.50 sions. It is yet too early to judge as net. George H. Doran Co. New York. to the ultimate outcome, but many of 1923. the plays and pageants are instruc- A Secretary of the Society that tive and impressive. Prof. Crum of Rtarted the "Men and Millions Move- Columbia, South Carolina, here gives ment" has set forth, on biblical prin- some excellent advice on the history ciples and with illustrations from life, and use of religious drama, how to the Christian idea of wealth, its in- produce a pageant and includes lists crease. and its use. Stewardship and of books, plays and pageants for va- partnership with God are rightly em- rious ages and special occasions. The phasized and valuable suggestions are list is not very discriminating for it given as to administration. Covetous- contains some plays that do violence ness is shown to be a sin; temptations to the Biblical narrative and teaching. Reigning in Life. By J. East Harrison. with me after this, for I bear branded 8V0. 212 pp. $1.50. The Sunday School on my body the owner's stamp of Times Co. Philadelphia. 1922. . Jesus. " The parallel edition makes The greatest secret in life is the this volume still more valuable for secret of victory. This includes power, study. purity, peace, satisfaction, service. Dr. Harrison is a man with a thor- I ough knowledge of the Bible and of The Art of Preaching. Charles R. Brown. wide, practical experience. He is a popular Bible teacher at Mount Her- 250 pp. $1.50. The Macmillan Co New mon School and at Northfield. In York. 1922. these twenty-ow, helpful talks on the secret of victory over sin, weakness These Lyman Beecher Lectures for and failure, he clearly presents the Bible teachings on the believer's king- 1922-23, delivered at the Yale Divinship and the divine ideal for the Christian life. The studi€s will be ity School. deal with the technique of fonnd profitable for personal life and they might well form the basis for preaching. The eight chapters discuss prayer-meeting topics. very clearly and helpfully the Sig- The Gateway to China. Pictures of Shang- hai. By Muq Kinde Gamewell. Illus. nificance, the Basis, the Content, the 8vo_ 272 pp. $2.00 net. l'leming H. Revell Co. New York. ]923. Measure, the Lighter Elements, the Shanghai. a city where ancient and Delivery. the Setting and the Soul of m[)dern civilizations meet, is described by Mrs. Gamewell who is a careful the S!'rmon. It is not a textbook but observer Dnd an interesting writer, having lived in China for fourte€n is delightful reading, packed with years. The first edition of the volume, describing the city, its shops, homes, practical suggestions and common schools, business. customs, foreign philanthropies and Protestant mis- sense advice for students and preachsions, was published in 1916. It is here revised and a new chapter is add- ers. H. A. A. ed on "~hanghai of Today." The story of Prot€stant Missions in Shang- The Miracle Man and the Wond~r Book. hai is well told. By Fred J. Meldan. 12mo. 7f) pp. 35 and 75 cent.s. Bible Institute Colportage The New Testament-a New Translation. Association. Chicago. ]923. By James Moffatt; together with the authorized version and an introduction to Christ and the Bible are the subject the New Testament study. 8vo. $2.50. of this earnest presentation of the Geo. H. Doran Co. New York. 1922. grounds for faith in the deity of Jesus and the inspiration of the Book. Moffatt's translation is already well-known for the fresh light it With the Judeans in the Palestine Camsheds on some of the New Testament paign. Lientenant-Colonel J. H. Patterpassages. In part it is more of a son. Illustrated. 270 pp. $2.25. Macparaphrase than a translation and millan Co. New York. 1922. there are occasionally undignified colloquialisms and unwarranted trans- This story of a Jewish brigade, positions of the text where the trans- formed by order of the British War lator thinks the connection is thus improved. The epistles are especially Office, to serve under General Allenby well done and contain many striking passages. Note, for instance, Gala- in his Palestinian campaign, is written tians 6: 17, "Let no one interfere by the colonel in charge. Although the brigade is credited with some very commendable things the book is not altogether pleasant to read, partly be- cause the author feels so deep a resent- ment against Jews and Gentiles who did not give the plan their approval; and partly because the brigade had to submit to many galling acts of injustice and discrimination on ac- count of its being a. Hebrew unit.

After reading this story or that of the treatment of Negro soldiers in the American army one feels that the Anglo-Saxon generaly is greatly af- flicted with that ugly thing called race prejudice. R M. L.

GREECE

EGYPT $455 to $1390 PALESTINE MIDNIGHT SUN-LAPLAND ALASKA-THE GREAT WEST rr f World's Sunday Our School Convention lOUrS Give as Much as Any Give More Than Many , Cost Less Than Any Write To-day for Itinerary THE WICKER TOURS, Richmond, Va. "Travel Free from Worry" with NEW BOOKS The Blind The Business of Missions. COl"l18lim ][. Need Bibles! pll.tton. 281 pp. $2.00. The I1Incmil1all Co. New York. 1924. B IBLES with raised type for those unfortunates who Color Blind-Missionary Play in Thre~ Acts. crave the comfort of the Margaret T. Applegarth. 10c. George Holy Book, are diStributed ilee by H. Doran Co. New York. 1923. the New York Bible Society.

Divine Inspiration of the Bible. W. K ''It is beyond words to tell you Vine, ':I.A. 119 pp. 28, !l!l. Pi('kcrillg how much I appreciate these vol- & Inglis. Glasgow. 1923. urnes," writes one recipient.

Law vs. Lawlessness. Edited by Fred H. They ask your help. The annuity Smith. 186 pp. $1.00. Fleming ll. plan gives you an opportunity to Revell Co. New York. 1924. participate in this work, through an investment which will yield you Labour in India. J. H. Kelman. 2,(; Fl'· a substantial incorne for life4 $4.00. George H. Doran Co. New York. 1923. Learn huw generosity actually pays cash Modern Religio-Healing; ;1,,"'S 'fheOl':,," dividends of God's Word. C. E. Putnam. 166 pp. Write for booklet No. 7 50c paper. 153 Institutt' Place, Chicago. 1924. New York Bible Society Ian Macfarlane, Medical c.Iissionary at 5 E. 48th Street New York City Nazareth and Captain R. A. ,:1. C. 94 pp. Tlw a/drs! RIMe ~)'OCldt' zn ..lVC7(1 York e, Buchan ObserveT')' Press. Petel'hend, and the only orgamzatlOJl dlstnbutmg Scotland. Blolcsfrce I1l the CIty a1ld harbor.

Seeing Life Whole. Hemy C. King. 160 pp. $1.50. :Macmillan Co. New York. 1923.

Twelve Great Questions About Christ.

Clarence E. Macartney. 221 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. 1923.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF TIlE VORLD in writing to advertisers. Formef Savages Are Transformed Into Christian Workers Through the Teaching of the Bible You Can Help—lf You Will Kwato Needs a Bible School. It Will Cost $50,000 and Will Train P apuan Christians to Win Their Countrymen to Christ THIS SCHOOL INCLUDES Dormitory for Girls …….. . $1,500 Dormitory for Boys .. . …. " 1,500 A School Building . . . . . . . . .. S, 000 Dormitory for Women…. 4,000 Dormitory for Men.. . …. .. 4, 000 Community Dining Hall…. . 3,500 A Kitchen …… 2, 000 .t RAW NEW GUINEA HEATIIEN One Hundred Dollars a Year Will Train Two Christian Evangelists Graduated Volunteers Are Ready to Go Out from America if Their Support Is Provided A Hospital Is Greatly Needed fOf a Popu- lation of 20,000 People. It Will Also Train Native Nurses. Total Cost, $50,000 A Child in the Mission School Can Be Supported for $30 a Year WILL YOU HELP?

Send Your gills 10: KAGO, A PAPUAN EVANGELIST WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York New Guinea Evangelization Society, Inc.

REV. CHARLES W. ABEL, Misaionary JOIn the Society. Quarterly Reports Will Be Mailed to Members BOARD OF nmECTORS Samuel R. Bogg s, Pres. Allan Sut h erlan rl . S,-c . l)hilip E. Howard John L. Steele Hugh R . Ivlonro, V ,ce-Prt's. Hev. Charles L Abel Arthur Y. :lcckcr n el avan L . Pierson Valter McDougall. Treas. Alwyn }1all, Jr. ". G . c . .fi ll e r .Robert P. Vilder

The Missionary Review of the World — 1923 Index

MISSIONAR Y

REVIEW 0/ the WORLD VOL. XLVI OLD SERIES VOL. XXXVI NEW SERIES Founded in 1878 by Editor-in-Chief, 1888 to 1911 REV. ROYAL G. WILDER. D.D. REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D.D.

January to December, 1923 EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON EDITORIAL ASSOCIATES MItS. E. C. CRmnr Best Methods Department MRS. H. W. PEABODY Woman's Foreign Mission BuUetin FLORENOE E. QUINI,AN Woman's Home Mission Bulletin EDITORIAL COUNCIL REV. A. R. BARTHOLOMEW, D. D. FLORENCE E. QUINLAN REV. ENOOH F. BELL FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL REV. RODNEY W. R<lUNDY REV. W. E. D01J'GHTY REV. WM. P. SCHELL, D.D.

REV. S. G. INMAN REV. F. C. STEPHENSON, M.D. REV. JAY S. STOWELL JAMES R. JOY MIts. OlUHN R. J1J'DD REV. MILLS J. TAYLOR, D.D. REV. SAMUEL L. LooMIS, D.D. FENNELL P. TURNER REV. JOHN BAILEY KELLEY MRs. HELEN BARRET':!' MONTGOMEaY REV. CHARLES L. WHITE, D.D. ;MRS. F. W. WIlLCOX REV. ARTLEY B. PARSON RoBERT P. WILDER REV. L. B. WOLF, D.D.

CoPYRlGHTED, 1923-PUBLISHED BY THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC• . THIRD AND REILY STREETS, HARRISBURG, P A., AND 156 FInH AVENUE, NEW YORK BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President MltS. E. C. CRoNK WM. 1. CRAMBER.LA.IN, Vic6·Presi.iknt H.A.RLAN P. BEACH WALTER McDOUGA.LL, Treasurer ERIC M. NORTH DELAVAN L; PIERSON, Seoretary MRS. HENRY W. PEA1lODY FREDElUCK L. COLVER FLEMrNG H. REVEr..r.

I MAPS, CHARTS AND POSTERS Page Page Africa, Bechuanaland Protectorate ……….. 371 – Missionary Map of …………….. (Insert) 7S2 Christian Citizens, Making ………•……..• 510 – Prohibition Poster Used in ……………. 811 Constantinople, Adult Delinquency Map of .. 285 Russian Paper, Cartoon from …………….. 887 Formosa, Christian Task in ……………… 900 Soviet Paper, Cartoon from ………………. 887 Indians in U. S., Protestant Missions to …. 684 Turkey, American Missions in ………….. 970 Japan, Churches and Temples ……………. 829 United States Communities Having Week – Missionary Hunger Map of …………….. 795 Day Religious Instruction …………….. 549 PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS hp hp Africa, Chief Khama …………………….. 36'7 – Wife of General ……………………….. 629 – Chief's Son at Kasenga ………………… 16 Foreign Children in Streets ………………. 7()1 – Congo Christian Evangelists …………… 4 Formosa, Dr. Mackay of North …………… 884 – Congo Heathen In Native Dance……….. 4 – Famous Temple of …………………….. 001 – Explaining the Scriptures ……………… 459 – Mission Compound, Tamaui, North ……. 899 m – Grave of Alexander Mackty ……………. 676 – Seminary Conference, Taihoku …………. 003 – Holding Court in Rhodesia…………….. 13 Fourth of July Party …………………….. – Inferior lIa Type ………………………. 15 Frontier, Baptist Colporteur on ………….. 5~8 – Mackay's Grave Today …………………. 676 – Serving Churchless Community on …….. 5'6 – Mission School Girls in North …………. 297 – "Sky Pilot" Reviewing Parish on ……… 527 – Mupumani, Prophet of Ba-IIa …………. 18 – Type of KentUcky Mountain Home …….. 525 – Mwila Woman in Holiday Attire ………. 20 Greece, Typical Farm House in Southern …. 607 – Preaching Service In Galangue ………… 176 Hara, T ………………………………….. 987 – Preaching the Gospel in Central ………. 431 Hara, Taneaki, and Japanese Ex-Prisoners .. 964 – Raw Heathen of Kwato ………………… 188 Hinduism, Product of …………………….. 2'60 – Results of Rent Profiteering in ………… 710 Home Mission Leaders ……………………. 16'7 – Sunday Service in Khama's Place of As- Immigrant Woman and Child …………….. 31 sembly ……………………………….. 369 Immigrants, Teaching Turkish Albanian …. 600 – Superior lIa Type ……………………… 14 India, Benares Temples and Bathing Ghats.. 39 – Typical Baluba Village ………………… 17 – Bishop Thoburn Baptizing Converts ……. 244 African Boys in School at Tunis ………….. 433 – Coming Generation in …………………. 43 – Children, Homes of …………………….. 435 – Crowd of Hindus at Mela ……………… 49() – Christians, Church in Rhodesia Built by . 711 – Destruction of Government Buildings …. 40 – King and one of his Wives …………….. 173 – Girls' Boarding School, Gujerat ……….. 42 – Teachers and Evangelists ……………… 177 – Government College Buildings, Benares … 41 Africans, Dr. Springer Addressing Crowd of 709 – Group of "Untouchables" ………………. 255 Australasia, Village of New Guinea ………. 164 – Hut Used for Village School …………… 258 Bell, Rev. and Mrs. W. C…………………. 175 – Traveling Evangelists …………………. 109 Boys In New York. Club ………………….. 703 – Woman's Christian College, Madras ……. 259 Boys' Hammer and Saw Club …………….. 543 Indian Bread Makers, Hopi ………………. 685 BUrma, Rangoon Mission Press Room ……. 294 – Christians at Annual Conference ………. 262 Camp Fire Girls Around Council Fire ……. 539 – Maiden. Cherokee ……………………… 689 Children in America, Oriental ……………. 524 – PhYSician and Bride …………………… 2,61 – Neglected City …………………………. &21 – Student at Home ……………………….. 687 – Playground for City ……………………. 523 – Y. M. C. A. Camp ……………………… 692 – Playing on Church Lawn ………………. 541 Indians, Presbyterian Church Built by …… 693 Ohina, Bible School Students ……………… 105 Japan, After the Fire in Baptist TabernaCle 888 – Building the Churclj in ………………… 84 – American Friends' SchOOl, Tokyo ……… 78~ – Communion Service inChun Shan ……… 99 – Bronze Buddha. Kamakura …………….. 782 – Country Village In …………………….. 439 – Buddhist Sunday School Rally in ……… 800 – Devotional Service in Gen. Feng's Army " 33?' – Buddhist TeIIljple Festival in …………… 772 – Gen. Feng and Two Officers …………… 344 – Class in Deaf-Oral School ……………… 788 – Gen. Feng and Christian Officers ………. 343 – Crowd of Refngees', Tokyo …………….. 888 – Gen. Feng Burning Opium : ……………. 351 – Evangelizing PluIIljbers of Omi ………… 907 – Gen. Feng's Army at Prayer …………… 353 – Ferris Seminary, yokohama …………… 782 – Gen. Feng's Officers Assembled for Bible – Fireswept Ginza, Tokyo ……………….. S88 Study …………………………………. 347 – Fissures in Yokohama Pavement ………. SS8 – Gen. Feng's Sbldlers Praying for Rain …. · 348 – Gradnating Class. Bible Training School 782 – House Boat in …………………………. 97 – Houses Thrown Down by Earthquake …. 888 – Nanking Students in Library ………….. 1m – Images of Jigo in Old …………………. 821 – Portrait of Gen. Feng ………………….. 345 – In the Slnms of Kobe …………………. 808 _ Rnral Sunday School ………………….. 108 – Kindergarten, Children Playing ……….. 893 rC-hCi nhersies t iAannt iF- Ca mi gialrye t t.e. . Poster . … . … . …. . … !n4 – Launch Used in Omi Mission …………… 908 …….. … . … . …. . … 443 – Main Building of Omi Hospital ………… 911 – Girls, Rescued …………………………. 441 – Meij! Gakuin, Tokyo …………………… 782 – Girls Rescued in San Francisco Mission .. 893 – Methodist Episcopal Middle School, Tokyo 782 _ Soldiers, Baptismal Service for ………… 349 – Methodist Protestant Church, Yokohama . 782 Chowdhuri, John …………………………. 111 – Mission Kindergarten, Matsuyama …….. 789 Christmas Tree, Summer …………………. 92S – Omi S. S. Teaohers' Meeting …………… 900 CUfton Springs Conference Group ………… 716 ~ Protestant Episcopal University, Tokyo .. 782 Congo, Contrasts on the Belgian ………….. 4 – Refugees Crowding Trains, Tokyo ……… S88 Constantinople, Refugees in ………………. 288 – Refugees Fleeing from Flames, Tokyo …. 888 _ Turkish Boy Scouts ……………………. 287 – Results of lilarthQuake at Hakone ……… 8M _ Turkish Children of ……………………. 28tI – Ruins of Methodist Publishing House •. 888 Feng, General Yu-shlang …………………. 597 – Salvation Army Headquarters, Tokyo ….. 782 II Page Page – Scene after Fire In Tokyo ……………… 888 Mo~ta.na., Assembling for Annual Meeting …. 119 – Scenes from ……………………………. 782 – ' Jesus Meeting" of Crow Indians ……… 123 – Southern Baptist Church, Tokyo ……….. 782 – Staff and Nurses, St. Luke's Hospital …. 782 M- Sod School House …………………… .. 120 – Street In Tokyo ……………………….. 782 Timber Creek School House …………. : .. 121 -, Temple of a Thousand Gods, Kyoto …….. 788 oslem Periodicals ………………………. 267 – The Yoshiwara in Ruins, Tokyo ……….. 888 – To Fence, Teaching young …………….. 82'5 – Women Without Christ ………………… 299 – View of Tokyo in Flames ……………… 888 Mountaineers' Cabin, Tennessee ………….. 279 – Watering Paddy Fields ………………… 785 Negro Race, Inspiration to ……………….. 917 – Woman's Union Christian College, Tokyo ~S2 – Village, Model …………………………. 453 – Worshippers at Temple ………………… 787 Negroes, Boy Architect and House He Built 918 – Wreck of Chapel of Aoyama Gakuin …… 888 – New Type Schoolhouse …………………. 9 1 – Y. M. C. A. Headquarters, Tokyo ………. 78J – Old Type Schoolhouse ………………….. 920 – Y. W. C. A. Headquarters, Tokyo ………. 783 – "Pig Club" ……………………………. 919 – Yokohama and Harbor …………………. 782 Japanese Book Store, Destroyed by Earth- New Guinea. Heathen …………………….. 187 – – Mission House at Kwato …………….. 193 quake …………………………………. 888 – – Native, Typical ……………………… 379 – Christmas Advertisement ………………. 791 – – Natives, Teaching the Bible to ………. 191 – Ex-Prisoners, T. Hara and …………… 964 – – New Buildings Needed at Kwato ……. 193 – Girls in Rescue Home, Osaka ………….. 850 Phinney, F. D. . ………………………….. 293 – Mission Kindergarten, Armistice Day in " 819 Oxford, International Missionary Council .. , 839 – Salvation Army Officers ………………… 8()2 Pageant "The Way," Tableau in …………. 845 Java Converts from Mohammedanism …….. 364 Kagawa, Toyohiko ………………………… 8()6 Papua., Ambulance at Kwato Station ……… 383 – With Children of the Slums ……………. 809 Kago, Papuan Evangelist …………………. 189 p.- Leaving for loo-Mile Journey ………….. 381 Kindergarten Children with Flower Baskets 928 Outstation 8cl:ool ……………………… 377 Korea, School at Sin Chow ……………….. 449 IOneer Church III Oklahoma …………….. 512 Korean Christian Addressing Gen. Feng's Russia., Cathedral of Christ, Moscow …….. 617 Soldiers ………………………………. 627 – Inscription in Moscow …………………. 611 Kuyper, Jennie M………………………… 782 Sadbu Sundar Singh ……………………… 44 Leper Asylum in Venezuela ………………. 705 ~cenes from the World in Weymouth, Mass. 465 LinCOln Memorial University ……………… 281 Madras College Chapel …………………..1011 couts, Group of Boy …………………….. 537 Mexican Cilild, "After Taking" …………… 531 Scudder, Dr. Ida and Gertrude Dodd …….. 133 – – "Before Taking" ……………………. 530 – Girls, Industrial School for ……………. 529 Sia.m, Boys' Scbool '" …………………… 979 MeXicans, Community House for …………. 359 – Graduate of Boys' School …………….. 981 Mexico, The Key to the Situation ………… 361 Siamese School ………………………….. 985 Migrant Work, Checker Boards …………… 308 – Yeung Woman ……………………….. 983 – – "London Bridge" ……………………. 306 Siberia, Peter, MetrOPOlitan of …………… 615 – – Toothbrush Drill …….. ….. .. .. .. . .. …. ~07 Sudan, Women of the ………………….. 999 Migrant Workers' Children, "Little Mothers" 515 Thoburn, Bishop James M………………… ~63 – – Inside Home of ……………………… 517 – – Living in Auto ……………………… 516 – James at 23 ……………………………. 265 – – Shack ……………………………… , 519 Topping, Mrs. Henry …………………….. 812 MiSSionary Works, Where the City ………. 640 Uemura, Dr………………………. (Insert) 782 Modern Church in Oklahoma …………….. 513 Washington Monument, Booker …………… 917 Wives of General F'eng's Omcers ………. 973 Women's Work, ViSiting Nurse ………….. 639 Yajima, Madame Kaj! ……………………. 812 Y. M. C. A. Building, New Colored ……….. 26! – Conference of Colored Men ……………. 201 – Service in Fresh Air Camp …………….. 500 AUTHORS Page Dornblaser, E. H …………………………h . 3~00 Abel, Charles W ………………………. 187, 377 grach, George ……………………………. 456 Ano, K ……………………………………. 890 duu'}!f~sfs', ~: ::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::: ~:i Armstrong, A. E ………………………….. 899 Flwing, Sir .r. C. R. ………………………. n9 Aurell, Karl E ……………………………. 925 Axling, William ………………………….. 791 Fahs, Sophia Lyon ……………………… 976 Baker, Benson ……………………………. 449 Farmer, Rev. Harry ……………………… 263 Ferguson, Frances M. . …………………… 392 Barker, C. Starr ………………………….. 293 Ferguson, Mrs. Walter ……………………717 Barton, James L ………………………….. 891 Ferguson, W. L …………………………. 255 Bell, W. C……………………………….. 173 F'orhush. William Byron …………………. 533 Ford, James Tooker ……………………..lOW Beynon, E. D. .. ………………………….. 631 Franklin, R. O. .. ……………………….. 979 Bloom, W. Knighton ……………………… 525 Fr~ase, Edwin F ………………………….. 433 Fu ton, George W. . ………………………. 9??' Bolitho, Archie A…………………………. 924 Garritt. J. C. …………………………….. 22 Rosanouet, Amy C………………………… 816 Gates, Herbert W. . ………………………. 553 Boyd, Mrs. William ………………………. 741 Gleason, George …………………………. M2 Goforth, Rosalind ………………………. : 973 Brain, Belle M……………………………. 343 Gordon, Mrs. Thos. D. . …………………… 645 Brokaw, Harvey ………………………….. 777 Flamilto'l. PH.'lline Ernst ……………….439, 947 Hara, Tailchi …………………………. '" 986 Bronson, Julia H. .. ………………………. 891 Brown, Sara A……………………………. 515 ii:~:~/LC,O:': ::::: :::::::::::: :::::::: ::::::: ~ Browning, Webster E ………………….704, 73'" iiassel, .T. Woodrow………………………. 27 Bryant, Allce C. .. ………………………… 296 Bulkley, Daisy McLain …………………… 469 .FI:~:!teg. c;e c. ·. :. :::….. :::… :… :…. ::… ~.4: ~~; Burgess, Paul …………………………….. 204 Hope, Josephine …………………………..1002 Burke. Charles H. ………………………… 376 Horne, Dorothy M. . ………………………. 926 Hwang Cb'ing ……………………………. 6?7 CarJ1ichael, Amy Wilson …………………. 895 1.;1eh art, Edwin T ………………………… 923 Cary, Otis ………………………………… 826 Jenkins, W. F ……………………………. 926 Cogswell, Franklin D. .. ………………….. 559 .Judson, Adoniram ………………………… 129 Kagawa. Toyohiko ……………………….. 805 Cole, Raymond E. ………………………… 29 Kano, Hisaaklra …………………………. 824 Conning. John Stuart …………………….. 635 Kumm, H. K. W ………………………….. 736 Kyle, Alice M………….302, 395, 472, 569, 646, '741 Converse, Guy C. . ………………………… 906 CraWford, Raymond N ……………………. 289 Cress, G. Cl i ffor d . … …………….. ..m..,. . …. 119 Cronk, Mrs. E. C. .. …………….. 1~3. 'lIY1, 2$5, 386, 463, 559, 641, 649, 732, 841, 9ZT, 1009 Curtis, Frederick S. . …………………….. 890 Curtes, Helen Pierson ……………………. 891 Dening, Henry …………………………….. 552 Detweiler, Charles S. …… .. ………….. 460 Page Reed, Anna Stevens ………………………Pa1~; Lacy, G. Carleton ………………………… 445 Lamott, Willis ……………………………. 925 Riggs, Charles T ………………………. 783: 607 Latourette, K. S. …………………………. 93 Riggs, Ernest W ……………………….182 779 Lley, A. V. . ……………………………… 457 Rin?ge, Fred H ………………………….. .' 603 Limouze, Arthur Henry ………………….. 5'41 Robmson, Harold McA……………………. 556 Lippard, C. K. …. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . .• 996 Roundy, Rodney W. •…………………. 453 685 Lobenstine, E. C. . ………………..•……..1(}13 Sadhu Sundar Singh …………………….. .' 178 Lovejoy, Owen R …………………………. 509 Sailer, T. H. P …………………………… 125 Mann, A. R. . …………………………….. 383 ~ChUltZ, Gertrude … 302, 395, 472, 569, 646, 741, 935 Manning, C. E. . ………………………….. 373 McCombs. Vernon M……………………… 529 cotto Charles E. . ………………………… 714 McConnell, Dorothy ………………………. 701 Shepherd, Charles R. …………………….. 893 McLean, Robert N. . ………………………. 359 Speer, Robert E ………………………… 33, 195 Miller, Kenneth D. . ………………………. 521 Spencer, David S. .. ………………………. 830 Miller, Mrs. E. H …………………………. 448 Springer, Mrs. John M……………………. 709 Mills, John Nelson ……………………….. 355 Squires, Walter Albion …………………… 548 Moton, Robert R. …………………………. 917 Staples, Hsnry E. .. ………………………. 926 Mott, John R. …………………………….. 54 Stauffer, Milton T ………………………113 620 Moyser, William ………………………….• 38 Stowell, Jay S. .. ………………………… .' 511 Murray, J. Lovell ………………………… 9 Taylor, J. Hudson ………………………… 277 Myers, H. W … , ………………………….. 8(}7 Taylor, Mills J. ………………………….. 45 Myers, Harry S•…………………..•…….• 295 Tenny, Mrs. Charles B……………………. 892 Napp, James E ……………………………. 273 Tobias, Channing H ………………………. 201 Niebel, B. H. ……………………………… 21 Topping, Mrs. Henry ……………………… 812 Oltmans, A. ………………………………. 912 Upson, Arthur T …………………………. 131 Ostrom, H. Conrad ……. : ………………… 790 Vickrey, C. V…………………………….. 278 Oyler, Mrs. D. S. . ………………………… 999 Vinson, T. C. . …………………………. .47, 432 Parker, Rebecca J ………………………… 109 Parmenter, Mary F. . …………………….. 104 Wainright, S. H ……………….. '" …….. 991 Patton, Charles E. ……………………….. W Webster, Daniel ………………………….. 547 Paxton, Jean Grigsby …………………….. 925 Wheeler, W. Reginald ……………………. 179 White, Edith H …………………………… 637 ~~~r~;: ~it~n ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::lm Williamson, Gladys Parker ………….. i ….• 279 Willoughby, W. C. ……………………….. 13 Peeke, H. V. S……………………………. 892 Wolf, John N …………………………….. 390 Polhemus, Sarah E ………………… 58,137, 215 Wyland, Ray O. . …………………………. 536 Peabody, Mrs. H. W. 302, 395, 472, 569, 646, 741, 837 Yamamuro, Gunpel ………………………. 801 Quinlan, Florence E ……………………… . Zwemer, S. M……………………….87, 267, 364 55, 139, 211, 306, 393, 469, 566, 650, 745, 851, 931 ARTICLES.AND NEWS Page Page Abyssinia, Facts About …………………… 475 – King, Letter from an ………………….. 429 – Seeks, What …………………………… 475 – Kings, Two ……………………………. 413 Afghanistan, Consul from ………………… 149 – Student Union, The ……………………. 486 – Progress in ……………………… :…… 69 Alaska Brotherhood, An ………………….. 156 Africa, "All in One Lifetime" ……………. 943 – Church in Metlakatla ………………….. 407 – Bantu Presbyterian Church ……………. 757 – Cooperation In …………………………. 318 – Blood Covenant In, T. C. Vinson ………. 432 – Report …………………………………. 652 – Changed Town …………………………. 579 Albanian Girls, For ………………………. 943 – Coming of the Bible ……………………. 655 Aliens, Unusual School for ………………..1025 – Delicate Situation ……………………… 41~ America, Leprosy in South, Webster E. – Development in Ashanti ……………….. 475 – Dr. Law's Preaching …………………… 864 Browning ……………………………… 704 – Governing Khama's People …………….. 476 American Board Receipts …………………. 63 – Hausas in Tunis, A. V. Liley ………….. 457 – Churches, Appeal to …………………… 758 – In 1922, H. K. W. Kumm ……… : ………. 736 – National Missions ………………………1()24 – Inland Mission …………………………. 476 Americans, First …………………………. 315 – Khama. Christian Chief of, J. C. Harris .. 365 Anglo-Indian Christianity ………………… 228 – Khama's Successor …………………….. 757 Argentina, Neglected ……………………… 868 Armenian Sunday School, An …………….. 58(} – !fh:tma',S ,Testimony", , ………………….. 864 Armenians in Bulgaria …………………… 66 – KikuVI IS Praying ……………. , ……. 656 Army Chaplains, U. S…………………….. 573 – King Helps Build Roads ……………….. 944 Asia M!no!, Ch.urc,!es Broken Up …………. 69 – King Khama's Testimony ……………… 2211 – – MISSIonarIes In ……………………… 68 – Letter from Dan Crawford …………….. 865 Assam, Christian Progress In …………….. 862 – Lutherans in East ……………………… 71 Atheism, Aim to Spread ………………….. 665 – Marvels of Progress …………………… 150 Australia, Bible Revival in ………………. 92 – Mission Education In, J. du Plessis …….. 435 Australian Aboriginees …………………… 489 – Modern Slavery in …………………….. 757 – Nurses' Movement ……………………… 949 – New Opportunities in North, Edwin F. Bandits In China …………………………1()37 Baptist Centenary, Southern ……………… 155 Frease ………………………………… 433 – Denominational Convention ……………. 939 – New Plans for Lovedale ……………….. 324 – Finances, Southern …………………….. 663 – Paris Evangelical Society ……………… 323 – Laymen's Movement …………………… 761 – Plea of Chlquetecoli, Wm. C. Bell ……… 173 – Program, A New ………………………. 663 – Present Crisis in ………………………. 338 – World Conference ……………………… 872 – Protected if a Christian ……………….. 944 Baptists In Europe ……………………….. 321 – Salvaging the Cargo …………………… 944 – Work of Southern ……………………… 62 – Slave Trade Revived ……………….151, 678 Belgian Congo, Ten Years In the, T. C;'" – Slavery in Togoland …………………… 944 – Study of Souls In Central, W. C. Wil- Vinson …………………………………., 47 Belgium. Gospel Hunger in ……………….. 152 loughby …………… , ……. '" ………… 13 – Not Devils but Angels ………………… ~ 653 – Tale of Rent Profiteers in, Mrs. John M. Bengal, New Woman in …………………… 658,.: Best Methcds, Edited by Mrs. E. C. Cronk,51,' Springer ………………………………. 709 – Training Evangelists …………………… 476 133, 207, 295, 386, 468, 559, 641, 732, 841, 927,1009: – Unworked Field In West ………………. 656 Bible and Progress in Greece …………….. '~24 – Woman's Heroism ……………………… 756 – and State Laws. The …………………… 761 African Boy Scouts ………………………. 71 – Churchman'S Missionary Society, The '… ','. ·.4116 ' – Chief. Tablet to ……………………….. 865 – for Prince Regent, A …………….. : …. ;'; 864 – Girl, Story of an, Josephine Hope……..1002 – in Germany, The ……………………….. illS – Internationale …………………………. 578 Page – Catholic Missions in …………………..~a11: – in Italian Prisons ……………………… 65 – Institute, National …………………….. 760 – Century after Morrison ………………… 751 ~ Modern Ignorance of the ………………. 576 – Child Labor in Hong Kong …………….. 444 – Power in the Word ……………………. 425 – Christian Business Man ………………… 753 – Revival in Australia …………………… 92 – – Leadership In ……………………….. 85 -' Sales In Punjab ……………………….. 310 – – Students at Nanking ………………… 947 – Schools, Vacation ………………………. 155 – – Women Organize ……………………. 584 – Teachers for China, Training, Mary F. – Chr!st!an!tr in (Extracts from Reports) .. 113 Parmenter …………………………….. 104 – Chrlstlamzmg Industry ………………… 312 – World's Best Seller ……………………. 490 – Church Growth Amid Brigandage ……… 584 Bibles in Priests' Houses ………………… 854 – Community Church Movement …………. 752 Bibles for Japan ……………………….•..1038 – Educational Com,m,lssion to ……………. 125 Blind, Religious Privileges for the (Report) 853 – Elder Tu and the Stolen Church Money, Bolivia, Indians of ……………………….. 318 Charles E. Scott ………………………. 714 Bolshevism in China ……………………… 401 – Feng's Army …………………………… 480 Bolshevists and Christianity ……………… 410 – Forward Steps in Yunnan ……………..·.·232 – in England Young …………………….. 576 – Gift to Y. W. C. A…………………….. 482 Bombay, Another "Conscience Clause" …… 229 – Helping Ricksha Men ………………….. 313 – Reorganization in ……………………..1035 – Home Life in, Pauline E. Hamilton ……. 41lll- Boy Scouts, African ……………………… 71 – How a Missionary Works in, Charles E. Boys and Girls, American ………………… 501 Patton ………………………………… 97 Boys' Workers, World Conference of ……… 602 – in 1923 E. C. Lobenstine ………………..1()13 Brazil, Believers in ………………………. 487 – Increase in Secret Societies ……………. 660 – Book Stores in …………………………. 665 China Inland Mission and Education …….. 74 – Effect of Revolution on School …………. 759 – – – Growth ………. . . .. .. . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. 660 – How the Gospel Entered ………………. 408 – Inspired Interpreter ……………………. 583 – New Method In ………………………… 868 – International Church ………………….. 7&1 – Protestant Centenary in ……………….. 319 – New Religion in ……………………….. 428 Brazilian Sunday School Teachers ……….. 487 – New Stage in MiSSions in, K. S. La- Britain's Boxer Indemnities ………………. 230 tourette ……………………………….. 93 British Conference, Annual ……………….. 941 – Notable Pastor …………………………. 861 – Labor and Religion ……………………. 222 – Officials and Gentry Baptized ………….. 401 – Laymen's Movement …………………… 758 – "On the Ways," New, J. C. Garritt ……. 22 – Societies, Controversy in ………………. 64 – Overwhelming Opportunity ……..,' …….. 582 – Student Volunteers …………………….. 151 – Peace Movement in ……………………. 401 Buddhism and Christianity …………….. : .. 855 – Political Ontlook in ……………………. 858 – Siam the Last Stand of, John Nelson Mills 355 – Prayer Meetings for Officials ………….. 588 Buddhist Activity in America …………….. 941 – Present Perils in ………………………. 249 – Opposition ……………………………… 315 – Progress In South ……………………… 860 – Peace Platform ………………………… 233 – "Rag Tag" Sunday School …………….. 948 Buddhists, Invitation from ……………….. 862 – Reform Society Organized …………….. 860 Bulgaria, Armenians in ………………….. 66 – Return of Opium ………………………. 143 – Preaching in …………………………… 654 – Retnrns on Investment ………………… 232 – Revival In ……………………………… 410 – Shall We Send Fewer Missionaries to, Burma, HUman Sacrifice in ……………….. 946 Milton T. Stauffer ……………………. 620 – Rangoon Press, C. Starr Barker ……….. 293 – Soldier Evangelist …………………….. 947 – Religious Forces in, Raymond N. Crawford 289 – Training Bible TeaChers for, Mary F. Burmese Worker, A ………………………. 2f9 Parmenter ……………………………. 104 C. M. S. Faces Forward, The …………….. 653 – Two Missionaries Murdered ……………. 947 Cairo, Commencement in …………………. 756 – Unoccupied …………………………….. 254 – Students in …………………………….. 663 – Western Education in …………………. 751 Camp Fire Work, Scouting and, Ray O. China's Renaissance, Bible and, G. Carleton Lacy ………………………………….. 445 Wyland ……………………………….. 536 Canada, Church Figures from ……………. 664 Chinese Boxer Indemnities ……………….. 859 – Church Union In ………………….. 681, 1025 – Business Man, Gift of …………………. 231 – Church, Aims of ……………………….. 142 – Cooperation Among Churches of, C. E. Manning ………………………………. 373 – – Future Task of the …………………. 696 Canadian Student Conference …………….. 317 – – in Cuba ……………………………… 760 Cannibals Ask for Teachers ………………. 70 – Club Woman, Christian ………………… 481 Canton College Growth……………… …… 74 – Girl Slavery In America, Charles R. Shep- herd ………………………………….. 893 Catholic Missions in China ……………….. 144 Cat.holicism, French Priests Marrying ……. 320 – Governor's Gift ………………………… 132 – Peru alid the Vatican ………………….. 319 – Greatest Living ………………………… 583 Central America, Task in ………………… 575 – Home Missions ……………………… 311, flj10 Child, Home Missions and the, Jay S. Stowell 511 – Judge Baptized ………………………..1036 – Legislation in Colorado ………………… 870 – Leaders, Training ……………………… 480 Chjl~ren, Arnone: Ozark …………………… 938· – Martyr, A ……………………………… 860 – Social Settlement, A …………………… 232 – Missionary Education for, Sophia Lyon Fahs ………………………………….. 976 – Student Vo'Iunteers …………………….. 73 – Students and Christianity ……………… 24" – of Migrant Workers, Neglected, Sara A. Brown '" ……………………………… 515 – Woman's Work ………………………… 1~2 – of the City, Neglected, Kenneth D. Miller 521 Christian Endeavor Growth ………………. 23n Chile, Catholic Bishop's Tribute ………….. 759 – Literature, Large Gift for ……………… 58 – Changed Situation in ………………….. 88 – Missions, An Enterprise of Hope, R. E. Speer …………………………………. 190 – Earthquake, After the …………………. 937 – Friendliness In ………………. , ………. 576 0.hristie ReAIe:ns, Dr. Dugald …………….. fil!4 – New Era Movement In …………………. 407 Christmas Bells (Poem) ………………… .1()W – Relief Work in ………………………… 221 Church is Doing, What One, Arthur Henry Llmouze ………………………………. 541 China, Actfvitles of Brigands …………….. 479 – Among the Miao ………………………… 74 Church of All Nations ……………………. 316 – Anti-0.hristian ProJ}aganda …………….. 609 Church Program for the Immigrant, A, Ray- mond E. Cole………………………….. 29 _ Antl-Foot-Blnding Move …………….312, 752 – – by Bandits ………………………….1007 – Union-Two Evang-elical Denominations . – Atta~ked by Soldiers …………………… 947 Unite. B. H. Niebel …………………… 91 – Bandits In Honan ……………………… 73 Citizenship, Conference for Better ………. 967 – Bible Encyclopedia for ………………… 750 – Insurance, Home Training as, William – – Institute in Hunan ………………….. 584 Byron Forbush ……………………….. 533 – – Society Secretary ……………………. 948 Colombia as a Mission Field ……………..• 487 – – Women and Bandits ………………… 859 – Christian Employees Wanted ………….. 408 – Blind School in Canton ………………… 752 – New Thing- in ………………………….. 319 – Boxer Indemnity Plans ………………… 481 Community Church Conference …………… 662. Page Federated POSSibilities, Mrs. E. C. Cronk …~a6~i – – Rural ……………………………….. 931 Federation of Christian Women ………….. 472 – Work ………………………………….. 55 – Woman's Boards of Foreign MiSSions …•l019 – – in Cleveland, Ohio, Arthur Henry – Proposed, New ………………………….. 218 Feng, General, and Social Service, Mrs. Limouze ………………………………. 541 Congo Revival, A ……………•…………… 413 Jonathan Goforth …………………….. 973 Congo Station, A New ……………………1032 Feng. Yu-shiang, Christian General. Belle M. – Ten Years In the Belgian, T. C. Vinson.. 41 Constantinople, Outlook in ……………….. 227 Brain …………………………………. 343 – Refugees in ……………………………. 411 Feng's Army, General. Hwang Ch'ing …….. 627 – Searching for Facts in, Charles T. Riggs. 283 Fil~p~no Stndents, W!nning ………………• ~ Cooperation Among Churches in Canada, C. Flilpmos, Church UnlOn Among ……… c…. "lIlO – Sacrifices of ……………………………. 665 E. Manning …………………………… 373 Finnish Mission Work ……………………. 66 – in Canada ……••………………………. 15~ Foreign Missions at Bethlehem …………… 89 – In Home Missions ………………….869,574 Foreigner, The Child of the, Dorothy Mc- – Montana, Denominational,' G. Clifford Connell ……………………………….. 701 Cress …………………………………. 119 Foreigners-New Americans ………………. 93L – West …………………………………… 574 Formosa. Fifty Years in North, A. E. Arm- – Interracial …………………………….. 469 Cooperative Movements In China …………. 401 strong ………………………………… 899 Country Church, Farmers and the, A. R. France, Fighting Alcohol in ………………. 8M – Rural Protestants in …………………… 708 Mann …………………………………. 383 – Temperance Work in ………………….. 488 Crawford, Carrie Lena ………………….. 1010 French-"Junior Republic" ……………….. 634 Cuba, Chinese Church in …………………. 760 – Priests Marrying ………………………. 320 Cuba's Educational Needs ………………… 574 – Protestants, Unity of ……………. '…….. 222 Czecho-Slovakla, Church in ………………. 943 Frontiers. Overcoming Handicaps on the, W. – – Outlook in …………………•…….•..1030 Czecho-Slovaks Eager for Truth ………….. 66 Knighton Bloom ………………………. 525 Danish Missionary Crisis ………. ,………. 66 Gandhi and His Wife …………………….. 147 Decalogue a Novelty ……………………… 220 German Bishops' Appeal …………………. 866 Dea.ths- – Churches, Need in ……………………… 321 – Ayer, Francis W ……………………….. 331 – – Unite ……………………………….. 66 – Allen, Dr. Arthur H., of New York ……. 590 – Missions. British Limits on ……………. 490 – Clark, Rev. Joseph B., of Brooklyn …… 769 – – In Hunan …………………………… 74 – Doolittle, Rev. Geo. C., of Syria ……….. 157 – – Status of ……………………………. 223 – Eddy, Dr. Mary Pierson, of Syria ……… 956 Germany, Bible in ……………………….. 153 – Fitch, Rev. George F., of China ……….. 331 – – Study In Prague ……………………. 321 – Forsyth, Rev. Robert C., of China …….. 239 – Relglon in …………………………..759. 866 – Hail, Rev. Alexander Durham, of Japan .. 769 – Students' Crusade ……………………… 152 – Kinnaird, Lord, of London …………….. 331 – Larsen, Rev. Lauritz …………………… 239 Gldeons' Bibles ……………………………1026 – Macdonald, Dr. James A., of Toronto ….. 590 Giving-How Koreans Give……………….. 75 – Mason, Rev. Alfred De Witt, of Brooklyn 331 Gospel in Industry, The ………………….. 142 – McGilvary, Mrs. Sophia, of China ……… 769 – Interpreted by Life, The, Toyohiko – Messer, L. Wilbur, of Chicago …………. 7~9 – Schultz, Rev. D. L., of Philadelphia …… 595 Kagawa ………………………………. 805 – Smith, Dr. Wilton Merle, of New York … 956 Greece, Bible and Progress in ……………. 424 – Stewart, Lyman, of Los Angeles ……….. 956 – New Life in Old. Charles T. Riggs …….. 007 – Strack, Prof. Herman L., of Berlin ……. 239 – Plain Speaking in ……………………… 489 – Thoburn, Bishop James, of India ………. 157 – Problems in …………………………… 867 – Torrance, Dr. David W., of Palestine ….. 956 Greek Patriarch. The …………………….. 863 – Wanamaker, John, of Philadelphia ……. 157 Guatemala, New Station in ………………. 575 – Webster, Rev. James, of Manchuria …… 769 Haiti, Nosirel L'Herisson, Apostle of, Charles – Wood, Rev. Thos. B., of South America … 239 Deficits, Boards Facing …………………… 869 S. Detweiler ………………………….. 460 Denominational Standards, Raising ………. 504 Hausas in Tunis. Among the, A. V. Liley … 457 DiSCiples, Forty Years Progress ………….. 155 Kawaii, Center of Helpfulness ……………. 586 Dutch Reformed Reorganization ………….. 761 Ecuador-Protestants and Earthquake ……. 86& – Japanese In ……………………………. 8n Education-Coming Generation …………… 762 – Department, New ………………………. 938 Hebrews ………………………………….. 139 – in Africa, MISSion, J. du Plessis ………. 435 Holland Leads, Where ……………………. 223 – India's Need for Christian, Benson Baker 449 Home Missionary Progress, Signs of ……… 885 – Making Missions Through Missionary, – Missions and the Child. Jay S. Stowell … 511 – – at Atlantic City …………………….. 165 Gertrude Schultz ……………………… 935 – – Life Service in ………………………. 405 – New Materials for Missionary, Franklin – Training as Citizenship Insurance, Wil- D. Cogswell …………………………… 559 liam Byron Forbush ………………….. 5~3 – Religious VB. Christian, Harold McA. Rob- Huguenots and Walloons …………………. 483 Hungary. Growth of Religious Freedom in, inson …………………………………. 556 – State University Experiment ….'…… , " .. 7Rl E. D. Beynon ………….. . …………… 631 Educational Commission to China, The ….. 125 Illiter2.cy in America. Overcoming Spiritual. Egypt, Church in ………………………… 150 – Independent ……………………………. 70 Walter Albion Squires ………………… 548 – Proved His Conversion ………………… ??41 – Asset or Liability? The. Fred .J. Rlnd~e 603 – Religious Liberty In …………………..1()31 Immigrant, Church Program for the, Ray- – Sherwood Eddy in ……………………… 578 – United Front In, S. M. Zwemer ………… 86 mond E. Cole …………………………. 29 – W('men in ……………………………… 70 India., Argument on Idolatry ……………… 861 Fgyotian Life, Force in ………………….. 864 – Bible Lessons in Schools ………………. 582 lllnglaIld-<no:lo-Catholic Jdeal ……………. 8R" – – Study in Schools ……………………. 399 English Churches, Council of …………….1029 – Bishop Azariah's Success ……………… 148 Englishwoman's Heroism, An …………….. 754 – Cas~e a Live Issue ……… : ……………. 75l li'lniscopal General Cnnvention ……………. ~ 6' – ChrIst and Sadhu Sundar Smgh ……….. 11g- – Christian Conference, AlI- …………….. 309 Europe, American Christians' Responsibility 337 – Christian Statesman …………………… 945 – ReligiOUS Conditions in ………………… 600 – College Notes from, Miss A. B. Van Doren 646 – Sunday Schools In ……………………… 653 – Conscience Clause in Bombay………….. 71 Flvangelism, Church Army ……………….. 152 – Continuing Ramabai's Work …………… 72 Evangelist. From Suffra~ette to …………… 870 – Converted Devil Priests ……………….. 58~ Evangelistic Campaign In Chicago ……….. 6M. – ConvertR bv Force Retu.rn ………………. 147 Flxhibits. Missionary ……………………… 463 – Demon Cast Out ………………………. 229 Fxnendltures, Comparative Missionary …… 762 – Estimate of Gandhi ……………………. 399 Federal Council of Churches ……………… 218 – F.x"rcising ~vi.1 Rnir-its ………………… 6"FiR – E-Sorcerer's Flock, An ………………… 72 – In 19'2. Sir J. C. R. Ewing …………….. 739 – in the Melting Pot, Wm. Moyser ………. 38 – "Krist. Ashram" ……………………….. 47~ – Medicine Men ………………………….1026 Page Page – Mission to Aristocracy of, Rebecca J. – – Religion in ………………………….. 233 Parker ……………………………….. 109 – News from Devastated Areas in ……….. 889 – Missionary Service in ………………….. 658 – 1922 in, J. G. Dunlop …………………… 847 – Missions and Social Reform …………….. 479 – Opportunities for Christian Education In, – Mrs. Starr's Hospital ………………….. 945 C. K. Lippard ………………………… 996 – Nationalists Quote Bible ……………… 399 – Power of the Wiord …………………….. 854 – Native Guides for Masses ……………… 479 – Preaching to Railway Men …………….. 856 – New Opportunity In, W. L. Ferguson ….. 255 – Rep{)rts from Devastated Area ………… 781 – Nuranie Pulls Her Blinds Up, Amy Wil- – Results of Kanamori's Work ………….. 748 son Qarmichael ………………………. 695 – Self-Support in …………………………. 404 – Outcaste Mass Meeting ………………..1035 – Social Evil in Gunpei Yamamuro ………. 801 – Scotch Centenary in ……………………. 147 – Social Problems in …………………….. 314 – Signs of the Times in, James E. Napp …. 273 – Some Anti-Christian Forces In, William – Singing Evangelism ……………………. 754 Axling ………………………………… 791 – Sundar Singh Still Living … '…………… 861 – Students Baptized ……………………… 482 – Tana Bhagat Movement ……………….. 71 – Success of Kimura's Meetings ………… 855 – Temperance Teaching in ……………….. 861 – Successful Tent Meetings ……………… 949 – Truth About …………………………… 309 – Temperance for ………………………… 748 – Turning Point in …………….. .'………. 229 – Toyohiko Kagawa ……………………… 314 – Union Educational Efforts ……………… 946 – Unfinished Tasks in, David S. Spencer … 830 – Untabulated Influence ………………….. 754 – Voluntary Church Union ………………. 749 – Veteran's Service ………………………. 582 – Woman Movement in ………………….. 145 – Women Organize in ……………………1035 Japanese-Americans ……………………… 941 – Would Be Christian ……………………. 146 Are Reading, What the, S. H. Wainright .. 991 Indian Chief a Christian …………………. 762 – Bishops ………………………………… 585 – Church, Peril of ……………………….. 228 – Church, Union …………………………. 871 – Dances, North American ……………….. 664 – Conference, Important …………………. 856 – Mission Board, An …………………….. 581 – Ex-Prisoners, Christian Work for, T. Hara 986 – Official, Tribute from ………………….. 311 – Miners, Work for ……………………… 857 – Outcastes' Appeal (Poem), Anna Stevens – on Pacific Coast ……………………….. 871 Reed ………………………………….. 132 – – World Peace ………………………… 854 – Student Volunteers …………………….. 230 – Police Attitude ………………………… 144 – Wanls Religion, American …………….. 156 – Y. M. C. A. Leader …………………….. 948 – Woman, Tribute to an …………………. 72 Japan's Escutcheon, A Blot on, J. Woodrow "Indianization," Move toward ……………. 310 Hassel ………………………………… 'l1 Indians, Advice to ………………………… 486 – Need of Christianity, Hisaakira Kano …. 824 – Red Man in the U. S., Rodney W. Roundy 685 Java, Dutch Church in ……………………. 230 – Work Among American ………………… 155 – Missions in ……………………………. 157 Indian's Gift for His People, An, Charles H. Jew-Our Brother, The, James T. Ford …..1006 Burke ………………………………… 376 Jewish Life of Christ, A …………………. 950 – Testimony, An ………………………. ' .. 941l – Persecutions and Feasts ……………….. 666 India's Attitude toward Christ ……….167, 103~ – Statistics, Some ……………………….. 324 – Need for Christian Education, Benson . Jews Become Christians? Do …………….. 666 Baker …………………………………. 449 – Christ's Cause Among the, John St.uart – Supreme Need …………………………. 311 Conning ………………………………. 635 Indies, Christians in Dutch East …………. 400 – in New York, For ……………………… 484 Industrial Mission that Evangelizes, An, Guy C. Converse …………………………… 906 – Moslems Persecute …………………….. 478 – Work, Productive ……………………… 220 .Tudson's Missionary Message …………….. 129 Interdenominational Missionary Agencies …. 972 Kennedy School of Missions ……………… 939 International Missionary Union Report, Mrs. Khama, Christian Chief, J. C. Harris …….. 365 Walter Ferguson ……………………… 717 Korea, Banker Accepts Christ ……………. 233 Inter-racial Cooperation ………………….. HA – Changes in Thirty Years ………………. 857 – Digging and Trusting ………………….. 314 Ireland, Bible in ………………………… 1029 – Ex-Leper's Work ………………………. 234 – Protestants in …………………………. 320 – Fruits of the Gospel …………………… 404 – Revival in …………… . .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. . … 865 – Mission Schools Reoognized ……………. 857 Islam, Christ or ………………………….. 412 – New ……………………………………. 145 – One Evangelist's Audience …………….. 585 – New Caliph for ………………………… 148 – Progress and Power in ………………… 677 – Religious Education in ………………… 483 – Thousands of Converts from, S. M. – Starting a School in, Mrs. E. H. Miller … 448 Zwemer ……………………………….. s3m64 – Theological Training in ………………… 662 Italian Schools, Cruel fix in ………………. Korean Church in New York …………….. 483 Italy, Catholics in, and Ohio …………….. 1030 – Factory Girls ………………………….. 858 – Fascist! and Protestants ………………. 223 =- Progress, Figures of …………………… 146 – Politics and Religion in ……………….. 597 r~~~~~nl:s B~i~f;;' ::::::::::::::::.': .. :.'.':::.': ~ Japan and the Vatican …………………… 482 – as a Mission Field, Hilton Pedley ……… 783 – Catastrophe and Christian Missions, The. Harvey Brokaw ……………………….. 774 – Women, Conference of …………………. 75 – Christian Church in, A. OItmans ………. 912 – Women's Club …………………………. 235 – Christian Conscrif)t ……………………. 313 – – Progress in …………………………. 144 Kore..ns as Missionaries ………………….. 749 – Christianity and the Making of New, Otis – Give, How ……………………………… 75 Korea's Spiritual Outlook ……………….. 630 Cary ……………………………………. 826> – Cloud on the Sunrise Kingdom ………… 773 Lahrador, Rebuilding at Nain …………….. 871 – Dangerous Thoughts in ………………… 403 – Reindeer for …………………………… 574 – Daughter's Service …………………….. 233 – Demand for Bibles …………………….. 748 Latin America, 1922 in, Webster E. Browning 732 – Far Reaching Program on …………….. 841 – – Holy Week in Salvador …………….. 154 – Glimpses of Child Life in, Amy C. Bosan- _ – Home Missions in …………………… 64 _ – Mexican Presbyterians ……………… 63 quet ………………………………….. 817 – – Pan American Conference …………… 220 – Important Facts About ………………… 782 Lausanne, Mission Study at ………………. 577 – Industrial Mission that Evangelizes, GUY Laymen Winning Souls …………………… 61 Laymen's Conference, Southern ………….. 61 C. Converse …………………………… 006 _ Juvenile Court Records ……………. 585, 856 Lepers, Church for American …………….. 573 – General Wood and the …………………. 490 – Kagawa, Christian Labor Leader, H. W. Myers ………………………………… R07 =- Help Each other ………………………. 750 i1:~~~J~p~e:fd. :::::::: ::::: ::::::::::::: ::::: : : – Militarism on Wane ……………………. 313 – Missionary Hunger Areas in, H. Conrad Leprosy in South America, Webster E. Browning ……………………………… 7()4 Ostrom ……………………………….. 795 _ New Bishops of Tokyo and Osaka ……… 660 – World Problem …………………………lOSS – – Business Conditions …………………. 482

VIII

Page Page Lincoln, Living Memorials to, Gladys P. Wil- – Contributions to American Life, Rodney liamson ……………………………….. 219 W. Roundy ……………………………. 453 Literature-Library in a Handkerchief …… 225 – Migrations …………………………….. 573 London, New Bible College ……………….. 409 – Ministers as Students ………………….. 219 Looking. Backward over 1922 ……………… 5 – Youth, Christian Work for, Channing H. Loyalty Illlands, Loyalty in ………………. 157 Lutheran Church, Norwegian …………….. 940 Tobias ………………………………… 200 – Missionary Work, American, George Drach 457 Negroes-Boys and Girls Behind the Color – World Convention ……………………… 872 Lutherans in East Africa ………… ,…….. 71 Line, Robert R. Moton ………………… 917 Lynching, Efforts to Stop ………………… 407 – Leave the South, Why …………………. 940 – Southern Women Fight …………………10W New Zealand, Bible in ……………………. 949 Mackay, At the Grave of Alexander ………. 675 Nicaragnan Preacher, A ………………….. 221 Madras, Union Christian College ………… 1017 Nigeria-Christians and Polygamy ………. 476 Malaysia-Batak Mission …………………. 400 – Christians in ………………………….. 656 Men as Intercessors, John R. Mott ……….. 54 – New Work in '" ……………………….. 579 – Mission Study for ……………………… 52 – Persecutor Baptized ……………………. 150 Mesopotamia, Advance Step in ……………. 149 – Social Life in ………………………….. 655 – Importance of …………………………. 581 Nuranie Pulls Her Blinds Up, Amy Wilson – Missions in 'Iraq ………………………. 323 – New Work in ………………………….1034 Carmichael ……………………………. 695 – Value of ……………………………….. 478 Old World Graves and New World Chris- Methodist Budget for Year ……………….. 4{)6 . -'- Temple, Chicago's ……………………… 573 tians, Mills J. Taylor …………………. 45 – W·ork in Siberia ……………………….. 153 Opium be Legalized? Shan ………………. 480 .Methodlsts and K. of C. . …………………. 94, – in China, Return of …………………… 143 Mexican Border, On the ………………….1027 – Officially Protected …………………….. 481 – Children in the Southwest, Vernon M. – Question, The …………………………… 586 Orient, Women's Colleges In the ………….. 251 McCombs … . .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. 529 Orientals …………………………………. 931 – Presbyterians ………………………….. 63 – in California …………………………… 407 Mexicans, Getting God Counted Among the, Palestine, Difficulties in ………………….. 657 – English Jews in ……………………….. 862 Robert N. McLean ……………………. 359 – Government, The ………………………. 411 – In Los Angeles ………………………… 664 – Harnessing the Jordan ………………… 579 Mexico-Chiapas, A Ripe Field In, Paul – New Courts in ………………………….. 657 – Non-Cooperation in ……………………. 579 Burgess ……….. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. 204 Panama, Christian Strategy in …………… 486 – Cost of Discipleship in, W. Reginald Papua, Conflicting Forces in, Charles W.

Wheeler ………………………………. 179 Abel ………………………………….. 377 – Education for ………………………….. 575 Papuans In New Guinea, Transforming, – New Life in ……………………………. 153 – Presbyterians In ……………………….. 408 Charles W. Abel ………………………. 187 – Union Evangelical Training …………… 154 Paraguay, Turmoil in ……………………. 868 Migrant Work ……………………………. 307 Paris Mission Society, Centenary of the ….. 65 – Workers, Neglected Chifdren of, Sara A. Persia-Factory for Men …………………. 149 – Opening in Shiraz ……………………… 478 Brown ………………………………… 515 – Refugees Return to Urumla …………… 228 Migrants, Service to ……………………… 212 – Return of Urumia Refugees …… _……… 69 Mission to the Aristocracy of India, Rebecca – Twenty-five Years Ago and Now, Robert J. Parker ……………………………… 109 E. Speer ………………………………. 33 Missionaries? Whence Come New ……….. 683 Missionary Books Read, How to Get, Mrs. T. Persian Governor's Tribute ……………….. 412 Personals, Missionary ……………………. . D. Gordon …………………………….. 645 – Council at Oxford, International, Mrs. H. . .. … . , .3, 239, 331, 494, 590, 595, 675, 771, 882, 956 Pern and the Vatican …………………….. 319 W. Peabody …………………………… 837 – Christian Work In …………………….. 937 – Education Movement Travel Department . 414 – ReUgious Liberty in ……………………1028 – Methods for Men, Mrs. E. C. Cronk ……. 51 Phinney, F. D., C. Starr Barker ………….. 293 Missionary's Equipment, A (Poem), J. Hud- Phonetic Script, Use of …………………… 143 Pocket Testament League. The ……………. 42fi son Taylor ……………………………. 217 Poland, Methodist Schools in …………….1001 Mohammedanism-Secret Ex-Moslem Believ- Praver in a Mine …………………………. 573 – Week of ………………………………..1004 ers ……………………………………. 579 Presbyterian Alliance In ZUrich ………….. 942 Moody Institute, Life Dedication at ………. 317 – – Meeting ………………………………1038 Moravian Missions Conference ……………. 89 – Board Reorganized …………………….. 484 Moravians in Labrador …………………… 318 – Budget Readjustment ………………….. 219 Mormon Invasion of the East …………….. 939 Prisons, Bible in Italian …………………. 6~ – Statistics, Some ………………………… 486 Prohibition for Bhopal, India …………….. 399 Mormonism Outside of Utah ……………… 414 – Women and ……………………………. 474 – Report …………………………………. 650 Protestant Bureau, Central ……………….. 409 Moslem Attitudes, Two ……………………. 228 Protestantism's Sore PUght ……………… 488 – Gradultte, First ………………………… 477 Hamabai's Successor ……………………… 754 – Hatred of Christians …………………… 863 Rangoon Press and Its Superintendent, The, – Propaganda in Berlin …………………. 577 – Women Drop Veil. More ……………….. fl~7 C. Starr Barker ………………. '" ……. 293 – World, Situation in the, S. M. Zwemer … 267 Religions of the World …………………… 324 Moslems and Anti-Christ ………………….. 70 Religious Progress in America …………… 335 – and Anti-Christ, The, Arthur T. Upson … 131 Rescne Work-Helping Girl Mothers ……… 4{)6 – Invade New York ……………………… 316 Revival in MissiSSippi, A ………………… 485 – Literature for …………………………. 411 Rhenish Mission, Difficulties of the ………. 65 – Tracts for ……………………………… 475 Rhodesia, Embarassment of Success in ……1002 Mothers' Day f'ubject, A …………………. 372 Roman CathoUcs in Italy and Ohio ……….1030 Mottoes for Missionary Meetings …………. 358 Rome, Bibles Burned in ………………….. 867 Near East-Airpl"nes Replace Camels ……. 945 Rumania, Bigotry in …………………….. 153 – – America and th" ……………………. 61 Rnral Community Team Work, Coe Hayne .. 544 – – "Being Punished" …………………… 477 Russia and Religion, Soviet ………………. 886 – – Disturbing Outlook ………………….. 296 – and the Y. M. C. A…………………….. 224 – – Future of the Patriarchate ………….. 863 – Rolshevists Anti-Christian …………….. 759 – – Opportunitv to Tra;'l Leaders ………. 755 – Boy Scouts in …………………………. %5 – – Pan-Orthodox Synod ………………… 7~ – ERt.honia, Baptists in ………………….. 654 – – Prntecting- the Investment …………… 7~ – Illiteracy in …………………………… 942 – Mpssenger to ………………………….. 67 – – Relief, Union In ……………………..1033 – – Statistics ……………………………. 68 – "Presbyter;anski" Church …………….. m – – What a Secretary Saw in the, C. V. – Religious Situation in, L. O. Hartman .. , 611 Vickrev ……………………………….. 218 – Twofold Famine in ……………………. 252 Negro and the Nation, The (Report) …….. 853 Russian Refugees, Work for ……………… 489 Page Page – Sacrilege .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 224 Temperance-Anti-Prohibition Forces ……. 217 Russia's Religious Chaos …………………. 421 – Work in France ……………………….. 488 Salvador, Holy Week in ………………….. 154 Thoburn, Bishop Harry Farmer ………….. 263 Salvation Army in India …………………. 310 Tibet-Challenge ………………………….. 402 Santo Domingo, Missions in ………………. 574 – Sundar Singh in ……………………… 659 ~ – Progress in ………………………. 221, 665 Tibetans, Missions to ……………………..1()37 – – Union Work in ……………………… 937 Today (Poem) ……………………………. 652 School for Practical Arts ………………..1()25 Tokyo Derelicts, Work for ……………….. 661 Schools, Non-Christians in Missionary …… 679 Turkey-Aintab News ……………………. 227 – of Missions ……………………………. 141 – American Interests in …………………. 148 Schnltz, Dan, Coe Hayne ………………… 712 – and the Missionaries …………………… 170 Scotch Missionary Campaign ……………… 32() – Christian Schools in …………………… 322 – – Conference ………………………….. 64 – Church and State in …………………… 1033 Scouting and Camp Fire Work, Ray O. Wy- – Foreign Advisers for ………………….. 657 – Going Forward in …………………….. 969 land ………………………………….. 536 – Kemal and Mohammed …………………. 323 Siam-Buddhist Inquirer …………………. 753 – Missionary Situation in, Ernest W. Riggs 18), – Chiengmai Press ………………………. 230 – Republic of …………………………… lool! – Last Stand of Buddhism, .John Nelson – Under the New Treaty, Mission in …….. 777 Turkish Diplomacy and Christianity …….. 247 Mills ………………………………….. RSo Turks Oust the Sultan ……………………. 67 – Recent Progress in, R. O. Franklin …… 979 – Think of the Y. M. C. A., What ……….. 185 Siamese Christian Boys …………………..1035 Union Among Filipinos, Church ………….. 405 Siberia, Methodist Work in ………………. 163 – Episcopalians Form ……………………. 317 Singapore-Value of Faith ……………….. 946 – in Cleveland, Church ………………….. 572 Slavic Peoples, Conference on ……………. 63 – – England, Methodist …………………. 409 – Population, Our ……………………….. 406 – Progresses, Methodist ………………….. 869 Social Service, Missionary ……………….. 315 – Work in Santo Domingo ……………….. 937 South America, Progress in ……………….1028 Unity, Progress Toward ………………….. 235 Soviet, Methodists and the ……………….. 321 Utah, Christian Strategy in ………………. 318 Spain, Federation in ……………………… 758 Vacation Bible Schools …………………… 155 – Outlook in …………………………….. 489 – School Work …………………………… 919 – Religious Tolerance in ………………… 8 Venezuela, Enemies Reconciled in ……….1928 – ReligioUS Work in …………………….. 410 Waldensian Work in Rome ……………….. 322 Spanish-Speaking People in the U. S…….. 211 Waldensians in Sicily …………………….. 224 – – Work in Southwest …………………. 62 Who is to Blame?, .J. Lovell Murray…….. 9 Sparks from the Home Missions Anvil, B. C. W,hy Burns Gave Up Business, Coe Hayne .. fi44 Winning an Army for Christ. Hwang Cn'jng 627 Hening ……………………………….. 634 Woman Who Went Eight Times Over, The ..1010 Statistics for 1922, Denominational ……….. 336 – Movement in .Japan, The ………………. 145 Story Telling, Missionary Possibilities of, Woman's Foreign Mission Bulletin, Mrs. H.

Mrs. E. C. Cronk ……………………… 207 W. Peabody. Gertrude Schultz and Sara Student Assembly, International ………….. 760 Polhemus …………………. _….. , ….. .. – Conference, Canadian ………………….. 317 58, 137, 214, 302:, 395, 472, 569, 646, 741, 934, 1017 – Federation .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. … 577 Woman's Home Mission BuHet.,n, Florence K – Fellowship for Christian Life Service …. 747 Quinlan ……………………………… . – Ministry, A Great ……………………… 222 55, 139, 211, 3oo, 392, 469, 566, 650,745, 851, 931, 1021 – Volunteer Convention, Coming ………… 965 Woman's National Enforcement Committee..1019 – Volunteers, British … : …………………. 101 Women of the Sudan, (a) Mrs. D. S. Oyler .. 999 – – Chinese ……………………………… 73 – United Presbyterian …………………… 663 – Work ………………………………….. 306 Women's Work in the Metropolis, Edith H. Students and Christianity, Chinese ………. 245 White …………………………………. 637 – Summer Service by Christian ………….. 333 World Conditions-Who is to Blame?, .J. Study of Souls in Central Africa, A, W. C. Lovell Murray ………………………… 9 – Congress, Baptist ………………………. 414 Willoughby …………………………… 13 – New Year Around the …………………. 5 Sudan-New Words Needed ……………….. 150 Y. M. C. A. and the Churches …………….. 341 – Women of the, Mrs. D. S. Oyler ……… 999 – in Cairo ……………………………….. 225 Suicide, To Prevent ………………………. 485 – Revival ………………………………… 217 Sundar Singh in Tibet ……………………. 659 – Russia and the ………………………… 224 Sunday-school Headquarters in .Japan …… 749 Yaiima, Madame Kaji, Mrs. Henry Topping. 812 – – Progress, Recent, W. C. Pearce …….1004 Young Men Need, Three Things, Henry – – – in South America ………………..1028 Denlng ……………………………….. 552 – World Wide …………………………… 507 Young People-.Junior Laymen ……………. 938 Sunday-schools, Communist ………………. 409 Young, Results of Religious Work for the, – – Lloyd George on ….. .. …………….. 516 Herbert W. Gates …………………….. 553 Sweden, Religious Progress in ……………1()30 Youth and Some of Its Perils, Owen R. Love· Switzerland-Reformed and Presbyterian joy ……………………………………. 509 – (;"mpaign for American ……………….. 508 Conference ……………………………. 577 – Movements in Europe and America ……. 503 Syria, Bigotry Breaking Down ……………. 580 – Encouraged, Workers in ……………….. 766 – Good News from ………………………. 227 – Greek Refugees in …………………….. 41~ – Palace for an Orphanage ………………. 477 NEW BOOKS Page Pae:e Abel of Kwato, A. Gratten Hall ………….. 763 British North Borneo, Owen Rutter ………. 877 Adventuring with Sister Abigail, Grace K. Brnthering the Boy. W. ,Edward Rafferty … 587 Buddhism and Buddhists In Southern Asia; Swanger ………………………………. 78 African Adventurers, .Jean Kenyon Mackenzie ~2n K . .J. Saunders ……………………….1042 Alexander Duff, William Paton …………..1041 Bushido: The SoUl of .Japa"}, Jnazo Nitobe .. 874 All in a Lifetime, Henry Morganthau ……. 764 Cannibal Land, Martin .Johnson ……….. '… 493 Annual Meeting of Home Missions Council, 951 Child Garden In India. Amelia .Josephine Apostolic Age, The, William Bancroft Hill .. 766 Asa-Ko Hirooka. An Autobiography …….. 874 Burr and Louise Clark ……………….. 588 At the Master's Feet, Sadhu Sundar Sine:h .. 325 China in the Family of Nations, Henry T. Atlas of the World and Gazetteer for 1923 .. 879 Back to the Long Grass, Dan Crawford ….. 491 Hodgkin ………………………………. lOO9 Beasts, Men and Gods, Ferdinand Ossen- China's Crossroads, Elliott L. Osgood …….. 492 China's Place in the Sun. Stanley High ….. 765 dowski ………………………………… 493 Christian Crusade for a Warless World, The, Between the Lines in Asia Minor, Mary Caro- Sidney L. Gulick ……………………… 767 line Holmes ………………………….. 879 Christian Endeavor Missionary Programs, .Julia Lake Skinner …………………… 671 Page Page Christian Literature In Moslem Lands …. 1043 Missionary Program Material for Primary Christian Movement In Japan, The ………. 764 Christianity and Civilization in the South and Junior Grades, Anita B. Ferris …… 879 Mlssionary Stories for Little Folks, Margaret PaCific, W. Allen young ………………. 80 T. Applegarth ………………………… 588 Christianity and the Race Problem, Robert Mustard Seed in Japan, The, Wm. M. Vories 238 E. Smith ……………………………… 237 Negro Year Book, 1921-1922, Edited by Mon- Church in America, The, William Adams roe N. Work ………………………….. 880 Brown ………………………………… 415 New Missionary Series, The (Ten Volumes) 879 New Tasks for Old Churches, Roger W. Bab- Colloquial Chinese, A. N. J. Whymant …… 79 Confronting Young Men with the LIving son …………………………………… 238 New Zambasi Trail, The, C. W. Macintosh.. 76 Christ, John R. Mott …………………. 95~ Next Door Neighbors, Margaret T. Apple- Congo Missionary Conference Report …….1042l Constantinople Today, The Pathfinder Survey 236 garth …………………………………. 588 Contacts with Non-Christian Cultures, Daniel On the Trail of the Peacemakers, Fred B.

Johnson Fleming ……………………… 876 Smith ………………………. ………… 79 Creative Forces In Japan, Galen M. Fisher .. 874 Pandita Ramabal, Clementina Butler …….. 763 Czecho-Slovaks in America, Kenneth D. Mil- Parent and the Child, The, Henry F. Cope .. 587 Parenthood and Child Nature, Edna Dean ler ……….. …………….. …………… 78 Demonlsm Verified and Analyzed, Hugh W. Baker …………………………………. 587 Persian Sketches, J. H. Linton …………… 953 White …………………………………. 160 Pioneer Doctor and Other Stories from Doc- Dramatized MIssionary Stories, Mary M. tors, Nurses and Others in India, China Russell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 671 and Africa ……………………………. 588 Education in Africa (Report) ……………. 415 Poles in America, The, Paul Fox …………. 78 Evolution of the Japanese, Sidney L. Gulick 874 Political Development of Japan, George Faith of Japan, The, Tsaku Harada ………. 874 Etsujlro Uyehara ……………………… 874 Firebrand of the Indies, The, E. K. Seth- Political History of Japan Under the Meijl Era, Walter Wallace McLaren ………… 873 Smith ………………………. '" ……… 160 Psychology of Adolescence, The, Frederick Following the Pioneers, Joseph C. Robbins . 953 Tracy …………………………………. 587 From the Forest, Amy Carmichael ……….. 78 Racial Studies-American Series …………. 78 Geschichte der Evangelischen Mission in Real Japanese Question, The, K. K. Kawak- ami …………………………………… 874 Afrika, JuliUS Richter ………………… 669 Religion of the Lower Races, E. W. Smith ..1043 Golden Bough, The, J. G. Frazer …………. 953 Religion of Science, The, William H. Wood . 768 Gospel and the Plow, The, Sam Higginbottom 326 Religion of the Primitives, The, Alex. LeRoy 158 Great First Work of the Church, Missions, Revolt Against Civilization, The, Lothrop Stoddard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . 77 Wilbur B. Stover ……………….. ; …… 7111 Revolt of Youth, The, Stanley High ……… 588 Greatheart of th,e South, The, Gordon Poteat 78 Rock Breakers, P. H. J. Lerrigo …………. 491 Greeks In America, .J. P. Xenides ………… 237 'Round the Round World, Paul Rader ……. 8D Handbook of Modern Japan, Ernest Clement 873 Russian I=igrant, The …………………. 668 Head Hunter arid Other Stories of the Philip- Russians and Ruthenians in America, Jerome Davis …………………………………. 78 pines, Bruce L. Kershner …………….. 79 Scientific Christian Thinking for Young Peo- Henry Loomis, Clara D. Loomis ………….1041 ple, Howard Agnew Johnston ………….. 766 Henry Martyn, Confessor of the Faith …… 875 Short History of Japan, A, E. W. Clement .. 873 Hill Tribes of Fiji, A. B. Brewster ……….. 764 Short History of the Near East, A, William History of Christianity in Japan (2 Vols.), Stearns Davis ………………………… 492 South America From. a Surgeon's Point of Otis Cary ……………………………… 873 View, Franklin H. Martin …………….. 877 History of the Japanese People, F. Brinkley gn Story of Grenfell of the Labrador, The, Dil- History of the Yorubas. Samuel Johnson ….1040 lon Wallace …………………………… 671 India and Its Missions, Capuchin Mission Story of Japan, The, David Murray ……… 873 Studies in the Life and Teaching of Jesus, Unit ………………………………….. 668 John Porteous ………………………… 76& India Inklings, Margaret T. Applegarth ….. 80 Sunrise in Aztec Land, Wm. A. Ross …….. 667 India Old and New, Sir Valentine Chirol …. 76 Things Japanese, B. H. Chamherlain …….. 874 India's Religion, Julius Richter …………1039 Thousand Miles from a Post Office, J. Loft- Ins and Outs of Mesopotamia, The, Thomas house …………………………………. 765 Training of Children in the Christian Home, Lyell …………………………………. 667 Luther Allen Weigle ………………….. 587 Intensive Powers on the Western Slopes, L. Triumph of the Gospel in the New Hebrides, Frank L. Paton ……………………….. 669 C. Barnes …………………•…………. 767 Unfinished Tasks, Homer McMlllan ………. 1110 Intercourse Between the United States and Ways of Ah Sin, Charles R. Shepherd …… 951 West African Romance, A, A. E. Southon … 903 Japan, Inazo Nltobe ………………….. 874 What is the Y. M. C. A.?, PaUl Super ……. 954 J. W. Thinks Black, J. S. Stowell ………… 326 What ;s There in Religion?, Henry Sloane James W. Bashford, George Richmond Grose 875 Coffin …………………………………. 766 Japan-An Attempt at Interpretation, La- What Japan Thinks, K. K. Kawakami ……. 874 Williamu-Mariner, Missionary, Ernest H. feadio Hearn …………………………. 873 Hayes ………………………………… 763 Japan In Transition, Loretta L. Shaw ……. 766 Willibrord, Missionary In the Netherlands, Japan, Real and Imaginary, Sidney Greenble 873 Alexander Grieve ……………………… 6£8 Japanese Life in Town and Country, George With P'u and His Brigands, Mrs. Howard Taylor ………………………………… 763 W. Knox ……………………………… 873 Within the Gateways of the Far East, Japanese Nation, The, Inazo Nitobe ……… 874 Charles R. Erdman …………………… 763 Jew and His Mission, Henry Ostrom ……..1039 Woman and the Leaven in Japan, The, Char- Karen People of Burma, The, Harry 1. Mar- lotte B. De Forest …………………….. 875 Women of 1922. The …………………….. , .. 879 shall ………………………………….. 878 Wonderland of India, The, Helen M. Rockey Life Under Two Flags, James Demarest and Harold B. Hunting ……………….. 326 Work and Play in the Grenfell MiSSion, H. Eaton …………………………………. 238 P. and F. E. Greeley …………………. 588 Lure of the Leopard Skin, The, .Josephine H. World's Great Religiolls Poetry, The, Com- piled by Caroline Hill …………………. 763 Westervelt ……………………………. 79 Manual of Archive Administration, A, Hilary Jenkinson .,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 954 Mastery of the Far East, The, Arthur Judson Brown ………………………………. :. 874 Measure of a Mari, The (Life of W. A.

Shedd), Mary L. Shedd ……………….. 159 Message of Buddhism, The, Subhadra Bhlkkhu ………………………………. 236 Midst Volcanic Fires, Maurice Frater …….. 493 Ministry as a Life Work, The, Robert L.

Webb …………………………………. 1111 Missionary Heroes of Africa, The, J. H. Mor- rison ………………………………….. 325 Missionary Messages, James F. Love …….. 416

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1923

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Write for information concerning the Annuity Plan to: George M. Fowles, Treasurer, Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue. New York City. or . W. J. Elliott, Treasurer. Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Method- ist Episcopal Church. I 70 I Arch Street. Philadelphia. Pa.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review 0 f the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editol CONTENTS FOR DECEMBER, 1923 Page FRONTISPIECE ……..•………. TANElAKI HARA AND JAPANESE EX-PRISONERS EDITORIALS ……..•…………………………. _.. _…………….. . 965 A CONFERENCE FOR BETTER CITIZENSHIP THE COMING STUDENT VOLUNTEER CoNVENTION GOING FORWARD IN 'fURKEY INTERDENOMINATIONAL M,SSIONARY AGENCIES GENERAL FENG AND SOCIAL SERVICE ……. _…… By ROSALIND GOFORTH 973 A story of the remarkabie work itone by the Christw,n Chinese general among his solitiers anil their wives.

THE MISSIONARY EDUCATION OF CHILDREN ……. By SOPHIA LYON FAHS 976 liteas anil ideals in reference to the benefits anit best methods of giving chUdren practioal missionary interests.

THE RECENT PROGRESS IN SIAM …………………. By R. O. FRANKI.IN 979 Signs of development in the unilerstanding of Christianity and itevelopment im modern methods as shown in the small but progreS!rive kingdom itn Southeastern Asia.

A JAPANESE CHRISTIAN WORK AMONG PRISONERS ••.. BY TAIlCHI RARA 986 A moitern miracle of missions, working in the heart of a Japanese, and leading him to rescue criminals among his countrymen.

WHAT THE JAPANESE ARE READING . • . . . . . . . . . • . . . . By S. H. WAINRIGHT 991 The oharacturistics of the Japanese and their interests as shown in the type of literature from which they receive their education anil ideals.

OPPORTUNITY FOR CHRISTIAN EDUCA'frON IN JAPAN By C. K. LIPPARD 996 Evidences of mental hunger in Japan anil wOl){,s in which <Jh.ristian teaohers are supplying the Med.

THE WOMEN OF THE SUDAN …………… _…… By MRs. DAVID S. OYLER 999 ChOJracteristics and customs of the dark-skinneit, Mohammedan WOmen of Upper Egypt, showing their need of the Gospel.

THE STORY OF NYAKEIRU ..•……..•…….. By MRs. JOSEPHINE E. ;HOPE 1002 A girl of Bri.tish East Africa and her life before and after she came in contact with Christian missionaries.

RECENT SUNDAY-SCHOOL PROGRESS .. _……………… By W. C. PEARCE 1004 The forward m.ovements in all parts of the world since the Tokyo conve"tinn.

OUR.BROTHER, THE JEW …………•…………….. JAMES TOOKER FORD 1006 The un·Christian neglect of our Hebrew neighbors and ways in which they may be brought into touch with Christ.

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MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. DECEMBER, 1923 NUMBER XLVI TWELVE THE COMING STUDENT VOLUNTEER CONVENTION T HIRTY-SEVEN years ago, the Student Volunteer Movement was founded at Mount Hermon, Massachusetts. Since that time, they have enlisted thousands of recruits for foreign missions and have helped to stir up the Church at home to support these recruits by prayers and gifts.

The ninth International Convention of the Movement will be held in the Cadle Tabernacle, Indianapolis, Indiana, from Friday, December 28, 1923 to Tuesday, January 1, 1924. About six thousand delegates are expected from the colleges, universities and technical schools of the United States and Canada. The delegations will be made up from the students who have been positive factors in the Christian life of their institutions. At the Des Moines Convention in 1920, there was 6,890 delegates from 949 institutions.

The purpose of this Convention is to bring together those who look upon Jesus Christ as the Lord and Saviour of men, the Hope of individuals and of the race, and who make the proclamation of His message and the extension of His sway throughout the world their great aim in life.

The program of the Convention opens with addresses on present-day social, political, racial and industrial problems, followed by group discussions on these topics and the .relation of the Christian l:nissionary enterprise to them. Then will follow the consideration of separate mission fields; the missionary message; the call for recruits and their preparation, and the results of world-wide Christian missions. A great missionary exhibit will consist of maps, pictures, books and magazines relating to missions. The speakers will include men and women of international reputation and native Christian leaders from the great mission fields.

The Student Volunteer Movement has already been used to accomplish great things for the Kingdom of God and its past conventions have been remarkable under the leadership of such men as 960

Robert P. Wilder, John R. Mott, Robert E. Speer and Fennell P. Turner. They have not only awakened missionary enthusiasm but have greatly deepened spiritual life and stimulated personal Christian service and consecrated giving both among students and older laymen.

Today, the conditions, in Church and society, are very different from those that confronted us in the early days of the Movement. Then the whole Church needed to be aroused to the ~issionary responsibility, the foreign missionary enterprise was on the defensive, the student body had scarcely been touched, and ignorance of moral and spiritual conditions in foreign lands was appalling. Today, through conventions, literature, travel, political movements and great catastrophes, the world has been brought near to all except the most hopelessly narrow, unchristian and provincial. Facts as to the needs of men and the results of missionary work have enlisted the sympathy and cooperation of the leading laymen and women in all 'classes of society. Giving has greatly increased and the whole program is considered on a broader scale. There are many reasons for thankfulness and encouragement.

. At the same time, there are grave dangers and additional reasons for earnest study and prayer.

1. The very success and popularity of foreign missions involve danger lest the work be undertaken too lightly and by those not called of God and fitted spiritually for it.

2. The larger incomes of missionary societies (still too small to meet the need) involve a danger lest money be spent too freely on expensive institutions that do not produce proportionate spiritual results. .

3. The spread of mqdern civilization involves a danger lest-the missionary life become too comfortable, losing its pioneer quality, and lest volunteers be attracted to it for other reasons than their desire to bring Christ and His Gospel to those who do not know Him.

4. Modern rationalistic and socialistic ideas have permeated colleges' and technical schools to such an extent that there is. constant danger lest merely huma.nitarian motives lead men into the mission field and lest they there attempt to save men for this life only and by a denatured Gospel, while they offer no Flure remedy for sin and no 'adequate basis for a Christ life, character and service., The real Gospel, which is the" power of God unto salvation," is in danger of being sidetracked to a secondary place or left out altogether.

5. The study of non-Christian religions has led to the discovery of many beautiful ideals in them that have failed to save their devotees fiomsin and failure. This discovery has led some to give up belief in the necessity for accepting Christ and His Gospel as offering the only Way of Life.

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

The need for missions has not changed-the wages of sin is death today, as in Apostolic days, and all men need God's way of life as revealed in Ohrist. The basis of the call for recruits is the same –the commission of Christ to His disciples to preach the Gospel to every creature. The missionary message has not changed-it is the free gift of Eternal Life for this world and through eternity to those who accept Jesus Ohrist as divine Saviour and Lord. The power on which we must depend for success has not changed-it is the power of the Holy Spirit, working through those who obey God, to transform them and to make their lives fruitful. The reward for consecrated missionary work at home or abroad is the same-it is the approval of our Lord, the joy of service to man and the consciousness of having been used to help carry out the great program of Christ for the world.

Pray for The Student VOl1tnteer Convention.

OONFERENOE FOR BETTER CITIZENSHIP T HE -Christian's citizenship is in Heaven. His primary re- sponsibility and loyalty are to God-but while we are on earth, we have also a duty toward human rulers and toward our fellowmen. The clear teaching of the New Testament is that followers of Christ shall so live as to help and not hinder the temporal and spiritual progress of their fellows. God has set mankind in families; He has given laws to govern our relationships, laws such as harmonize with our best good, and He has taught principles of righteousness, love and service that, if carried out, would make a Heaven on earth.

The recent Citizenship Conference at Washington, D. C. (October 13 to 15) was Ohristian in spirit if not in name. About one thousand men and women gathered from all parts of the country to consider ways in which A.merica may be made a better country and exert a better influence on the world. Churches, welfare organizations and other bodies were represented. The main topic was "How to Secure Better Law Enforcement," including that of the Eighteenth Amendment.

The evils of strong drink are evident in politics, in industry and in society in general. The introduction of the law against its manufacture, transportation or sale was for the benefit of mankind and the enforcement of the law in most parts of the country has helped greatly to lessen intemperance, poverty, vice and crime. At the same time a spirit of lawlessness has been revealed and the disregard of the law has had an especially baneful effect on American youth -not only in intemperance, but in dishonesty, vice and crime. It was the aspiration of Lincoln that "reverence for law might become the political religion of the nation." Those who disregard the

Eighteenth Amendment would make an exception in the case of any law they personally dislike to obey.

A large number of influential public-spirited citizens spoke at the Washington Conference. Governor Pinchot of Pennsylvania and President Coolidge are strongly urging the full observance and en- forcement of the law and the chief state executives have promised their cooperation to this end.

The following recommendations were among those adopted at the Conference: 1. We recommend that the spirit and purpose of this conference be conserved and promoted by the creation of a committee of one thousand, composed of representative men and women who will give their whole-hearted support to the plans and program adopted.

2. The Conservation Committee is specifically instructed, in such cooperation with other agencies as may be practicable, to organize union law; enforcement mass meetings and conferences in twenty or more of the great centers of the- nation, at the earliest possible dates. In each of these mass meetings, the existing agencies shall be requested to arrange for village, town and city law enforcement meetings with programs which shall as far as possible. parallel in spirit and in method.

3. We recommend that the Conservation Committee· confer with the presidents of schools, colleges and universities, concerning the presentation of this great question to the student body of our country by carefully selected speakers.

4. We recommend that the Committee consider the advisability of making a nation-wide call that the second Sunday in Jannary of the coming year be observed as Prohibition and Law Enforcement Day; that programs be prepared by churches and other organizations committed to the high ideals of Chistian patriotism for the use of Sunday-schools and Young People's Societies; that sermons be preached and united mass meetings held. Particularly do we appeal to the preachers and to all other religiou~ workers.

5. We recommend that a united community campaign be organized in every village, town and city to support· aggressively the local, state and federal authorities in the enforcement of all laws, particularly the Eighteenth Amendment, the Volstead Act and all other supporting legislation.

The greatest need is for adequate education and the extension of Christian principles to overcome intemperance and lawlessness. In homes, churches, and schools, precept and example must teach obedience to divine and human laws. Community conferences, in cooperation with permanent temperance and good citizenship agencies, should promote prohibition and law enforcement educational campaigns, directed toward building sound public sentiment along the following lines; a. The temperance training of youth through instruction of all pupils in all public schools in the nature and effects of alcoholic beverages. Such instruction is required by the school laws of practically every state but may be neglected. Training to total abstinence and law o~servance in Sunday-schools and other organizations for youth also is vital.

b. Widespread dissemination of the underlying reasons for prohibition which brought about the Eighteenth Amendment.

c. Unceasing and systematic information to the public as to the authentic benefits of prohibition through press, pulpit, platform and personal testimony. This effort should include correction of false statements.

d. Information and arousement of all citizens as to their responsibility for observance of law; statements of the concrete methods by which they may assist in law enforcement.

e. Promotion of city-wide campaigns to bring the truths concerning beverage alcohol, prohibition and law enforcement to the foreign language speaking population. Preparation for foreign language newspapers and journals of special material.

f. The use of moving pictures which may be installed on vans and at a comparatively small expenditure made available to the Yarger cities. Demonstration and exhibit booths and literature and speakers at county and state fairs. Law enforcement expositions organized by the cooperative agencies.

The real issue before the American people is not-Shall the Eighteenth Amendment and the Volstead I-Iaw be modified or repealed ~ It is-Shall the law be nullified by a law-defying minority~ The issue involves far more than the enforcement of prohibition. It strikes at the heart of free government. Can American democracy protect its institutions and perpetuate itseln The Conference offered a strong challenge to those who are opposed to the' Eighteenth Amendment to come out into the open, and repeal the Amendment if they can and to observe it until they can. "Hip-pocket guardians of personal liberty" are teaching the doctrine of qualified allegiance to established law. The American people should see to it that only those men are elected to public office who, in the words of Lincoln, will neither violate, in the slightest particular, the laws of the land, nor tolerate their violation by others. Lawmakers should not be lawbreakers. Grave responsibility rests upon the courts to compel obedience on the part of those who by open violation are bringing the administration of justice into disrepute. We urge upon the federal and state judges the need of more stringent action on the part of the courts to prevent the law's delays and of extreme penalties for persistent offenders, to compel the law-breaker to cease his lawlessness, and to arouse in the cynical and indifferent a new respect for law. The powerful influence of the press, through its editors, artists and reporters should be used to command respect for law; and its news columns, its editorial pages, or its cartoons and illustrations should not be used to hold up to ridicule and contempt our Constitution. Our homes, our schools and our universities must instill a respect for law into the hearts and minds of the youth of today who are to be the citizens of tomorrow. Our churches must preach the practice of unselfish loyalty.

GOING FORWARD IN TURKEY T HE success of the Angora Government in regaining posses- sion of Constantinople, compelling American and European governments to give up extra-territorial rights in Turkey, eliminating the Armenians from consideration, and gaining full

independence for Turkey, may mark a new era in Christian missionary work among the Turks.

In past years, the Turks have been driven to permit Christian work in their domain, but it has been, for the most part, confined to the Christian populations~Armenians, Syrians and Greeks. Few Turks have attended Christian schools and fewer yet have received the Gospel of Christ. Now, foreign missionaries will no longer belong to 'a privileged class, and may suffer new hardships and increased opposition. But from the beginning of Christianity, the messengers of the Gospel have not been promisel immunity from persecution, and the blessing of God has accompanied those who have – – endured hardness as good soldiers of Jesus Christ. The Turk and L OuuplfJdSta~_ FOIIIMt'Saatltnt. _ _ _ NDm~WunderUued selLE or IoIIILES , ._1108111.0 other Moslems are not excluded from the number of those to whom the Gospel must be preached, and the promise of the presence and power of Christ is to those who go out to preach His Gospel. It is not sufficient to feed the hungry in Turkey or to heal the sick and educate the ignorant~we must also preach the Gospel to all.

The attitude of the present Turkish Government toward Christian work is shown by the fact, just reported, that Dr. Lorrin A.

Shepard, of Aintab, has been ordered to close the Azariah Smith Memorial Hospital and to give up his practice of medicine and surgery in Turkey. When the work opened last year hopes ran high, for patients had increased rapidly, Dr. Kalpakian, the mission eyespecialist, had gained an enviable reputation, :finances had been put upon a sounder basis, and evangelistic work had been strengthened.

At the recent meeting of the American Board of Commissioners

EDITORIAL COMMENTS ·971

for Foreign Missions, held in Springfield, Massachusetts (October :L9), the question of the future of missions in Turkey was considered and the following resolutions were adopted: 1. The .American Board recognizes and accepts its unique responsibility for missionary work in Turkey and proposes to carry it forward as rapidly as circumstances permit, 2. The American Board recognizes and accepts its responsibility towards the refugees from Turkey now in Greece, Syria, and the Caucasus. It pro- poses to continue its aid in maintaining the moral and spiritual ideals of these stricken peoples in their exile. .

3. The American Board commends the earnest faith and courage of its missionaries in the Near East which prompts them to plan for a large advance both among the peoples of Turkey and the exiles. While it is. not practical to fully carry out these plans at present, the Board recognizes the work as established and important and equally worthy of consideration as that in any of its mission :fields.

Turkey has been proclaimed a Republic, with Mustapha Kemal, Pasha, as the first President. He is given large powers and is unfriendly to Christian missions but if the Church of Christ accepts the challenge· of the Turk, and determines to go forward with the program of Christ in Turkey, a new era of blessing may come and many followers of Mohammed will become followers of the Lord Jesus Christ.

CHINA'S NEED FOR CHRISTIAN EVANGELISM SO much has been written about the success of Christian missions in China that many do not realize that the great need of the people has scarcely been touched. We forget that, with four times the population of the United States, China has less than one- thirtieth the number of ordained Christian preachers (foreign and Chinese) that there are in America. Vast areas are still untouched and millions of Chinese have never yet so much as heard of Christ. Two thirds of the Protestant missionary forces and one third of the Chinese Christian workers are located in cities with populations of 50,000 or over.

About three fourths of the total territory of China has been accepted by Protestant missions as their responsibility, but much of it is not occupied, even inadequately. In one third of this territory the people are still more than fifty miles from any evangelistic center. Add to this the territory of 437,000 square mile$ (larger than the Atlantic States from Maine to Florida)not even claimed, and we have nearly one half of China out of reach of the Gospel message. One fourth of China proper still remains unclaimed by any Protestant mission or Chinese Christian society while Manchuria, Mongolia, Sinkiang, Kohonor, Chwanpien and Tibet are practically unentered. At the same time, the yearly increase of the non-Christian population by birth in China is larger than the present total number

of Christian adherents (Protestant and Catholic)! China increases by about four million births a year while the increase of even nominal Christians is less than fifty thousand a year.

INTERDiENOMINATIONAL .MISSIONARY AGENCIES A NEW missionary organization that is not duplicating the work of other societies but is endeavoring to supplement their activi- ties and to prepare for advance, is the "Pioneer Mission Agency,"* established "to learn and publish the need and to forward workers and means to other organizations for pioneer work." The Agency is especially active at present in surveying neglected fields among the Indians in Latin America. The Field Secretary and General Secretary have recently visited Mexico and Central America and Rev. Howard B. Dinwiddie is now taking an extensive journey into northwestern Brazil and the neighboring countries.

In Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil are millions of unevangelized Indians. Mr. Dinwiddie hopes to discover the facts that will interest Christians in practical plans for work among them. Volunteer workers and funds will then be sought and an effort will be made to enlist the cooperation of societies that may be able to take up the work.

A number of interdenominational missionary agencies have become well established in America, some of which, like the China Inland Mission, cooperate with existing denominational boards and do not seek to establish new sects in the mission fields. Others, like the Christian Missionary Alliance, practically work on a denominational basis. Ten mission agencies have formed an Interdenominational Association.t These are the following: Africa Inland Mission, Bolivian Indian Mission, Bible Rouse of Los Angeles, China Inland Mission, Central American Mission, Evangelical Union of South America, Inland South America Missionary Union, South Africa General Mission, Sudan Interior Mission, and the Woman's Union Missionary Society.

This Association has been formed in order that each mission may benefit by the experience and cooperation of the others. It would be well if the candidates for these societies could all be thoroughly trained and given practical experience in some evangelical missionary training school. The commission of our Lord to evangelize all nations should enlist everyone ofRis followers in the work but there is ample room for differences of administration unified under the same Lord and working in the power of the same Spirit.

·The headquarters are at 80-82 Stafford Building, 1114 Chestnut Street. Philadelphia. Omears -J. Harvey Borton. Chairm<zn; B. F. Gulp, Treasurer; H. B. DinWiddie, GeneraZ Secreta'rY.

tThe officers are Rev. Henry W. Frost, American Seoretary of the C. I. M., Presidr:mt; Mr. Paul H. Graef, Vice-presid.en.t.. and Rev. .Joseph A. Davis, Secretary-Tre~wrer. Th1;lir headquarte~ are at 113 Fulton Street, New York.

WIVES OF GENERAL FENG'S OFFICERS LEARNING USEFUL

General Feng and Social Service BY MRS. JONATHAN GOFORTH, KIKUNGSHAN, HONAN, OHINA Missionary of the Presbyterian Chnrch in Canada, 1888· CHINA'S Christian Gene.ral believes in social service from the bottom of his great, sympathetic heart. But he does not bp.- lieve in divorcing social service from its instigator and source of power-Jesus Christ. While in Kaifeng, the capital of Honan, last October and November, we saw the city placarded from end to end with pictures and writings, all bearing on truths for the uplift of the people both spiritually and morally.. While General Feng improved the roads, public lighting and such matters, he also turned his attention to the poor, destitute, old men and women begging on the streets. He had a large temple emptied of its idols and prepared for the accommodation of these wretched creatures. Food was given them twice daily and preachers appointed to preach daily the Gospel of salvation for their souls. One of the first things that the new governor did after General Feng left was to order all these poor people out, in spite of the coming winter, and the idols replaced because "his mother wished to worship the gods!" An industrial school for women was started which gave employment to many and lessened the multitude of those who were living on "the ragged edge of ruin." Arrangements were made with the missionaries to do 973

Christian work among these women and night schools were arranged for men and boys. , In the army also, there were many signs of the highest ideals of Christian social service that were being carried out. Soldiers were tnught trades while, at the same time, the spiritual teaching of the men was kept prominent in the army routine. Four Christian chap- lains are kept working at high pressure arranging Bible classes and other meetings. On Sundays from fifteen to twenty services are held in different parts of the camp.

General Feng's pet project seems to be the school for his offi- cers' wives and children. This, I was told, he supports entirely him- self. The children are taught from kindergarten up as in other schools and the women attend classes for reading, writing, etc., in the fore- noon and the afternoon is given to industrial work. Forty sewing machines aTe in constant use on which these the women make undergarments for the soldiers.

Instruction in "First Aid" is given by the lady missionary who is in charge of Christian instruc- Used ~~ t,,~!:~7r;;1~~T~~us~~eS~:RJapan tion. Forty of these soldiers'

wives were recently baptized.

During the slack New Year season, when the soldiers were most likely to be restless for home, General Feng arranged an open-air theatre for his men, and here was combined hearty amusement with Christian teaching and morality. All the scenes were arranged and acted by the soldiers themselves. From the constant and hearty applause this unique theatre certainly seemed to be a great success!

Undoubtedly one of the reasons why General Feng has the love of his men is that he thinks for them as a father for his children!

The same Christian spirit of service and pity for others is becoming evident in some of his officers. General Chang Chih-chiang, while in command of the brigade stationed at rrunghsien, near Peking, last winter, had the Christians of Tunghsien canvass the city shortly before Christmas for the names of all destitute people. On Christ- mas Day, he sent to each a gift of some pounds of corn meal from the Christian soldiers! Had a whirlwind struck Tunghsien it could hardly have causJ;)d more stir. For till then the people connected soldiers only with war, rapine, theft, pillage, and oppression.

Colonel Hsu (or Shih) and his wife had had several children,

GENERAL FENG AND SOCIAL SERVICE

all of whom died. When he was put in charge of the arsenal at Kaifeng with a fairly good salary, he and his wife determined to keep only enough for their bare needs and to spend the remainder in starting and supporting a school for the wives and children of the arsenal employees. The story of their work is one of the most beautiful I have ever heard. When called to leave Kaifeng, the Colonel handed over the entire school equipment to the Baptist Mis- sion and also left a sum of money as endowment for the support of a teacher.

China is passing through a time of "troubled seas" such as the oldest missionaries now in China have never before known even in the Boxer days. The political chaos and military disruption affect the Christian army as a matter of course. The Government gave definite promise to General Feng of support if he came to Peking but these promises have not been kept. The thirty thousand troops now under the Christian General have had barely sufficient to keep them from st.arving and have had nothing to send to their needy wives and children at home. Other armies in China have broken loose and have pillaged long before being tested as these soldiers; yet we are told that the discipline in the Christian army remains as perfect as if all the men were being paid to the fulL What would British or American soldiers do if left to starve by their GovernmentT Though the clouds hanging over China were never darker than now, yet there are gleams through the darkness brighter than any we have ever seen. We therefore take hope and go forward.

Moral slackness, as revealed in financial dealings, failure to dis- tinguish between truth and falsehood, toleration of superstition, dalliance with the evils of gambling, intemperance and polygamy.

The weakness of the missions as revealed in unwise selection and training of missionaries. race prejudice, sectarianism and petty jealousies, failures of adaptation in architecture, manners and temperament, forms or worship, unwise use of money and domineering of the mission by the missionary.

As revealed in personal failures in Christian living, in the perception and proclamation of the Message, failing to perc€ive and sypport the existing good outside of the Church, emphasizing nonessentials, appealing to self-interest rather than challenging to service, and disunity.

A few months ago, a statement was published in American papers as a cable from China. to the effect that General Feng had been excommunicated from the Christian Church by a body of his fellow..Christians on accoupt of certain irregularities in connection with the deposition of President Ll Yuan Hung. Word has been received from Dr. George L. Davis, Secretary of the North China Mission of tba Methodist Episcopal Church, of whl"h Geneml Feng is a member, to the effect that this story is e.ntirely without tounda.tton. In fact, no. such IIlle€'Ung as that l'el,)Ortad In the cable dispatch was ever held In the Y. M. C. A. ot Tientsin. General Feng has JlIJI,lly enem.ies 'Who 'Would be very much pleased it they could prove any substantial accusation against him. One of the grlev&nces brought up by hls enemlea comes trom the facot that the General aSked the Government tor money to pay his soldiers wb) are nearly a year in arrears in the amount due them.-EDITOR.

Missionary Education of Children*

BY SOPIDA LYON FAHS, NEW YORK H OW closely is the child's missionary education related to religious education 7 Is missionary education something to be added in order to promote an enterprise, or is it an essen- tial part of religious training V Should our controlling purpose be the child's religious growth, or should it be the raising of money for a cause 7 Should missionary societies decide first how much and to what objects they wish children to give, and then tell the children facts which will stir them to give, or should they first ask what kind of information concerning missions will yield the richest results in character building, and then study how they may direct the child's resulting natural desire for activity so that it will really count for good in this world of need '{ Personally, I am ready to defend the proposition that missionary information should never be given to children with the primary object of raising money. I realize that it is easier for a camel to go through a needle's eye than for a missionary society to forego the money aim in its dealing with children. For the sake of the Kingdom of God in which impossible things are done; however, I believe that the religious educational aim should control. My reasons are as follows: 1. If at the outset we decide how much and to what we think our children should give, then by the narrowness of our aim we limit the. character and the amount of the instruction we may give the children. The material we choose may not contain the facts which would most interest them, or which would give them what would result in the greatest contribution to their spiritual growth. By the narrowness of our aim, we also lose the opportunity of putting missionary teaching directly into the curriculum of the Sunday-school. It must forever remain as an extra to be introduced incidentally.

2. My second reason for believing that the educational, rather than the money aim should control is that the financial resources of children are small. If money be the object of our work, the same amount of energy devoted to adults would yield far larger financial returns.. We may not entirely disregard the contributions of the children, since in one denomination alone the Sunday-schools give yearly about one million dollars to missions, although a small proportion of those gifts come from children under twelve or fourteen, 01;l.t of their own allowance or their own earnings. Much of the money given is handed over to the children from their parents. If we were to insist that all the money given by children under four- *Part of an address delivered a few years ago at a Foreign Mission Conference.

976 teen must come out of their allowances or earnings, the results would no doubt be comparatively small.

3. If our purpose is to promote the habit of giving, then our aim is educational, and the amount of money raised must be held as insignificant. We must concern ourselves primarily with the motives, the spirit that prompts the giving. So long as we bring pressure to bear upon teachers of Sunday-school classes and upon leaders of Mission Bands to raise a given amount of money, there is almost certain to be a disregard of the methods by which the money is raised and a careless attitude toward the place from which the money comes.

If we really wish to develop the habit of generosity in children, the first acts of giving must not only be genuine, they must also be enjoyed. It is a psychological law that the first acts in the habit forming process must be accomplished with pleasure. The family horse runs faster when driven homeward than when driven away from home because the homeward journey is associated with the pleasure of rest, shelter and food.

There are parents who, having compelled their children to attend church when young, thinking that thus they would develop the habit of regular church attendance, are disappointed because when their children reached the age of independence they never entered a church. The mistake lies in not knowing that a child's enjoyment of church is essential if going to church is to become a habit.

In developing in children the habit of giving, they must be made to enjoy their first experiences in giving. How then may this be accomplished 7 1. Giving is enjoyed by children when it results spontaneously, when they have vividly pictured concrete situations until they feel them for themselves. This is frequently done through a series of related stories which are discus'sed and dramatized by the children or presented through various forms of hand work on the sand table. After such intimate acquaintance with a concrete situation, giving comes as a relief to the child's feeling of sympathy and he enjoys it.

2. The child enjoys feeling that his giving is the result of his own choice. If a given cause for which he himself does not particularly care has been imposed upon him, he feels that he has been over urged, or must give because others are doing so, and he is robbed of the joy of giving.

3. If the child can follow his gifts and see that the results have been good, he experiences joy. Let us provide a means of contact between the giver and the recipient of the gift. This is one phase of what it really means to subordinate a money aim to an educational aim in our missionary education.

In brief outline let me suggest three important ways in which missionary material may contribute to the development of religious and Christian character in our children.

2

1. A study of missionary material tends to enlarge the child's sympathies and his appreciation of other human folks. The child's experiences with other people are very limited. Missionary material may give him something akin to what travel might do. A wider ac- quaintance with folks softens prejudice, and develops a brotherly spirit. This broader stretch of the sympathies also tends to develop a sense of varied needs and creates the desire to help.

2. The stories of missionary heroes, native and foreign, by the power of example, leads the child to live a life of greater unselfishness, to undergo hardship and to persevere in difficult undertakings for the sake of service; to have greater faith in God's protection and a keener sense of obedience to duty. Through presenting strong virtues in vivid and concrete form in the lives of real heroes, missionary stories inspire the child to imitate the good.

3. Missionary stories, especially those that present contrastirig pictures of the results of non-Christian faiths, and the transformations which Christianity brings, enrich the child's appreciation of :t loving.God, of Jesus and of His teachings. The child appreciates Jesus far better when he learns what human folks have been and done who have never known Him.

If we set before ourselves such worthy aims as these, and free ourselves of the money motives, then we make possible cooperation. We can all work together upon the essentials and leave the less important denominational phases of the enterprise to be taught when the children have reached their later teens. The juvenile mission books are of an inter-denominational character. We should advance, however, still farther and make all our literature for children, our books, our pamphlets, and our magazines for the use of all the ('hurches. It will mean greater economy and greater efficiency.

It is of no concern to the child whether a given missionary hero be a Baptist or a Presbyterian. It is neither democratic nor Christian to teach him only or even mainly of the heroes of one branch of the Church. Nor should he be deprived of learning about the work in Turkey and Egypt simply because he may not happen to be a Congregationalist or a United Presbyterian. If in our work with children we surrender the purpose to extend denominational propaganda, we are then free to choose the best material that is available in the work of all denominations.

No large missionary program of education can be promoted without the closest cooperation between the Sunday-school and the missionary societies. This is part of the work of the Church's school of religious education, which is called the Sunday-school. Hitherto, missionary education has almost entirely been a thing incidental to the work of the Sunday-school. We must make it a vital part of the child's religious education, carried on by that organization which should be worthy of its name.

AND PUPILS OF BANGKOK CHRISTIAN COLLEGE

Recent Progress in Siam BY REV. R. O. FRANKLIN, BANGKOK, SIAM Missionary of the Presbyteria.n Church, U. s. A.

SlAM is a country that has never been brought prominently before the world and many people in America know very little about it. They may have heard of the "Land of the White Elephant" or the "Siamese Twins" but that is about the extent of their knowledge.

Siam is at the southern extremity of the vast continent of Asia, sandwiched in between French Cambodia and Anam on the East, and British Burma on the West. It is one of the small independent countries of Asia, but has lost considerable territory to France and England within the last few years. It is nearly 1/200 miles long from north to south, and about 500 miles wide in its widest part, and the area is nearly 220,000 square miles or about equal in size to the six New England States, plus New: York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Ohio. It is as large as Japan and Chosen combined.

The climate is tropical; the seasons are two, the wet and the dry. From November to May scarcely a cloud obscures the sky, and from November to February the weather is delightful. Physically, Siam is greatly diversified. The north isa land of mountains and valleys and rushing streams, one of the mqst beautiful regions in the world. The eastern part is table-land; the central is a large alluvial plain; and the soutpern part is a mountainous peninsula.

979

The people belong to the Tai or Shan race, whose original home was in central and southern China. They are not Chinese, being more nearly allied to the Aryan raCes than to the Mongolians. Sta- tistics are not altogether reliable, but it is estimated that in Siam proper there are about 10,000,000 Tai people, and in southern China, l<'rench territdry on the east and British territory on the west, there are another 10,000,000, making a total of 20,000,000 or more of the Tai race.

The Siamese lack the persistence and. industry of the Ohinese, though a marked growth along these lines during the last few years, is very evident. The climate begets indolence and prolific Nature readily supplies most of man's necessities. The people need little clothing, and no fuel except for cooking. Fish are easily caught, and tropical fruits and vegetables grow with little or no cultivation.

Houses can be built in a few days, at practically no cost, out of the ever-present bamboo.

Under these circumstances, we marvel, not that the people are so backward, but that they have made improvements which cannot be paralleled in any other Asiatic country, unless it is Japan.. In China and the Philippines foreigners are largely responsible for the many wonderful improvements; but in Siam improvements are for the most part the result of native efforts due largely to the influence (f Christian ideals. Bangkok and other cities have miles of good roads and beautiful broad avenues, which are a great contrast to the narrow gutter-like roads of China. The well kept lawns and beautiful public buildings, from one end of the kingdom to the other, are a constant surprise to the traveler. Telephones and telegraphs extend everywhere, so that we may send messages to loved ones in the home- land from most any point in the Kingdom. The government postal system is a credit to any country. Free, well kept public schools are spreading to every part of the realm. In 1899, a royal decree made Sunday a legal holiday. Bangkok used to be called the Venice of the East, but its good roads, with every conceivable form of modern con- veyance, are causing the old and slow method of travel by boat to become obsolete. When they first began to build railroads an old Siamese Christian said, "They will never be a success in Siam, for it will take all their earnings to pay guards to protect the rails and ties from thieves." Now railroads run from the capital to every part of the kingdom.

The Siamese are eager to learn, and not only flock to our mis- sion schools, but many of the more ambitious go abroad to study.

England has been the favorite country for foreign education but now larger numbers are coming to America every year. Eight young people came over with me when I last returned, three of whom were girls in their early teens, sent by the Queen Mother to prepare for medical work among the women of Siam. •

RECENT PROGRESS IN SIAM

Siam is one of the most difficult mission fields on earth. It is the stronghold of Buddhism. No other country can show so many gorgeous temples, or such an army of priests. The Government re- ports one of these wonderful temples to every 1,185 of the population, and one yellow robed Buddhist priest to about every 50 of the popu- lation. Until a few years ago no one was allowed to hold govern- ment office till he had spent at least three months in the priesthood.

'Ve are thankful that today many of the most important offices in the government service are held by Christian boys and by graduates from the Bangkok Christian Col- lege. A few years ago a new de- partment, Commerce and Statis- tics, was opened and for the first time in the history of the kingdom a competitive examination was held. Nai Sadap, one of our most devoted Christians, a teacher in the Bangkok Christian College, entered the contest, and secured the second best grade out of near- ly one hundred contestants. '1'0- day he is the head of the depart- ment. The man who stood highest had had four years of study in England.

The Government and business A ~'ORMER S'l'UDE N1' OF BANGKOK CHRISfirms realize that there is a stamp TIAN COLLEGE; NOW HIGHLY of honesty and true manhood upon HONORED IN GOVERNMENT CIRCLES our boys that is worth securing. vVe are besieged with letters asking for the members of the graduating classes from Bangkok Christian College, and offering them salaries far above what they would receive as mission school teachers and Christian helpers, but nevertheless a sufficient number of our earnest Christian young men stand by us to fill all the vacancies in our teaching staff, and to supply all Christian workers that we can support.

Siam is also distinctively a Presbyterian mission field, made so by an agreement between the different denominational Boards. Sta- tistics show, however, that it is one of the poorest manned fields in the world. China, although having forty times the population of Siam, has one ordained Pr9testant missionary to every 321,287 people. Japan has one ordained Protestant missionary to every 192,955; India, one to every 208,719 of her population; Africa, the great dark Continent, one to every n,782, while Siam and Indo-China have only one ordained Protestant missionary to every, 797,428 of

the population. With these odds against us, it is not surprising that the work moves very slowly. If we could supply Siam with an ade- quate number of Ohristian missionaries, I believe that in a few years we would see results as wonderful as in Korea. Siam is open for the Gospel of Jesus Ohrist today as she has never been before.

The Siamese soldiers coming back from the great World War have opened the country to Ohristian and American influences in a most wonderful way. They came back saying, "The American sol- diers were true gentlemen. If the American boy had anything to eat, the hungry Siamese boys always got the larger portion. If they were cold, the American boy divided his blanket with them. If they were homesick, the American boy tried to cheer them up. If their truck was stuck in the mud or in a shell hole, the American boy helped them out." Siam is ripe for American Ohristian influences.

Regular organized mission work, under the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, began in Siam about seventy-four years ago and the first Presbyterian church was organized on August 29,1849, the membership of the church being made up entirely of the mis- sionary families. It was another ten years before there were any Siamese converts to gladden the hearts of the missionaries.

In the early days of Ohristian missionary effort, the attitude of the Siamese Government was decidedly hostile. When au embassy from America arrived in March, 1850, to open friendly negotiations with a view to a treaty, the King refused to receive it. The mis- sionaries were not subjected to personal violence, but the unfriendly attitude of the Government and higher classes was so well known, that obstacles confronted the little band on every side. No Siamese landlord dared to rent or sell them property, and the missionaries were often in great need of suitable shelter.

Fifty years ago, as the number of converts grew, many of them were cruelly treated, even to imprisonment. Today, there are nearly 10,000 converts, many of whom are in positions of influence. The late King once said to the American Minister, "I am always glad to encourage the American missionaries, for I know they are the truest and best friends to me and my people." The late King and the present King, together with members of the royal family have given large sums of money toward the support of Ohristian institutions.

It is a common saying among the Siamese, wrhe Americans are the only foreigners who are here just for the good of our country and people." At present three nephews of His Majesty are studying in the Bangkok Ohristian Oollege, and a number of princesses attend the Harriette M. House school for girls. .

Until Ohristian missionaries went to Siam the position of the women was very low. The Harriette M. House school was the first school for girls in the kingdom. It had a slow beginning, but now schools for girls have sprung up all over the country, and today,

RECENT PROGRESS IN SIAM

as a direct result of missionary work, the girls of Siam are taking their places beside their brothers in many lines of work.

Throughout the length and breadth of the land you will find young men and women from the Bangkok Christian College and the Harriette M. House school for girls occupying a large per cent of the most important positions both in government and in commercial life.

Let me introduce you to a few of our Christian workers. Kru· Yuan, the oldest Siamese worker in the Presbyterian mission, was for many years the only native minister in lower Siam. He is faithfulness personified, and besides being an earnest preacher and pastor there is not a coolie in Siam who does any more manual labor than Kru Yuan. He is his own janitor, gardener, and carpenter. Had he entered business or accepted any of the numerous government positions offered him, he could have been a rich man today, but instead he has chosen to serve the First Church in Bangkok for more than thirty years, at a salary of about thirty ticals (or about twelve dollars and a half) per month. He is a remarkable speaker and debater. A number of years ago a strong Buddhist challenged him to a debate on Christianity and Buddhism. Kru ANJ~Jhi?~E c~~I~¥i~~S~Dii3fT~g~NE Yuan won the decision even though the judges were Buddhists. Much of the success of the work among the women of Siam today may be traced back to Kru Yuan's faithful work, for he and his wife were large factors in establishing the Harriette M. House school.

Another wonderful character is Kru Kim Heng, Pastor of the Second Church, which is connected with the girls' school. He was a teacher in the Bangkok Christian College for a number of years, and when the College was moved from the old site down on the river, to the new place up in the city, the people of the community sent in a request that Kim Heng remain at the old place and continue a day school. He did so, and was most successful, not only as head teacher but in bringing his pupils into the Sunday-school and church. For many years almost every child enrolled in his day school was also "Kru Is the Siamese word for teaoher or preacher.

enrolled in the Sunday-school, and through his untiring efforts many were won for Christ. Six years ago, although he had never had any theological course, he was called to take up the pastorate of the Second Church. He is an excellent preacher and much of the strong spiritual influence that is felt in the school is the result of his earnest efforts.

Kru Pluang is a man whom I love as my very own brother. He was a young teacher in the Bangkok Christian College when I first arrived in Siam. He spoke English fluently, was much interested in athletics, is a strong tennis player, has a splendid voice and can play almost any instrument. He continued his work in the College until he was called to the pastorate of the Fourth Church in Bangkok, the church connected with the College. He is a great preacher and pastor and his influence upon the college students is very powerful. At the request of the Christian students, he teaches a large mid-week Bible class in his own home. Kru Pluang has had many offers to take up other lines of work that would mean a salary two or three times the amount he receives as pastor, but he said to me: "I feel that God has called me to do the work I am doing, so better paying positions do not tempt me. " His wife is one of the remarkable women of Siam. She is a graduate of the Harriette M. House school and soon after she had her own home began a school for little children. It has grown till now she has more than two hundred enrolled. In the early days of her school work a number of her patrons came to her in a body and said, "If you do not quit teaching our children so much of your religion, we will take them out of your school." She replied, "Do as you please, but every child that comes to my school will be taught all I can teach them of the religion of Jesus Christ, for I know it is the true religion, and no power on earth can keep me from talking about Him." Very few of the children were taken from her school. .

Nai Noon, ("Nai" is the Siamese word for Mr.), has always been an interesting character. A fight with another young man led him to give his heart to Jesus Christ. He was disowned by his parents as soon as it was known he had become a Christian, but the young man was so earnest and patient that after a few years he was taken back into the home and almost every member of the family has been won. for Christ. During the years of waiting he succeeded in removing the little family god, a little image of Buddha, made from the sacred bho tree and covered all over with gold leaf, to the home of the missionary who by his request carried it to America.

Maa Cham, ("Maa" is Siamese for Miss), is the only daughter of a very wealthy nobleman, who became a Christian some time before she was graduated from the girls' school. She remained as teacher for a number of years, until a call came for some one to go and begin school work for the girls at one of the out stations.

RECENT PROGRESS IN SIAM

When she asked her father's permission to go there, he refused. and demanded that she give up her religion and return home to take care of him. In response to her entreaties he finally said, "Either come home and give up your religion or I will give you up." The girl replied, "Father, I love you most dearly, I am willing to do anything for you, but I cannot give up my Saviour, nor can I give up His work." She was driven from the home and for years all she had to live on was what she could earn from that little girls' school.

I know Df no brighter jewels than many of these Siamese Christians with whom I have had the joy of laboring. This band of faithful souls will continue to exert a Christian influence in the Kingdom of Siam, until, in God's own good time, this little kingdom will be counted among the Kingdoms of our Lord and His Christ. I know of no place where young, energetic, consecrated life could be invested,. that would bring richer dividends than in Ohristian work in Siam.

A GRADUATING CLASS'OF YOUNG MEN FROM BANGKOK CHRISTIAN COLLEGE

A Japanese Christian Among

The story of Taneaki Hwra and his work for prisoners, as told by his son who has been studying sociaZ betterment methods in America.

BY TAlleHI HARA I AM very glad indeed to express our thankfulness for American Missionary, and to tell about my father's life, believing it will interest you. _ '

About fifty years ago the seed sown by Dr. David Thompson, who was one of earliest missionaries to Japan, had grown up in my father's soul. My father's name is Taneaki Hara and our family stood on long tradition. Finally he was baptized a Christian in 1874.

He always prayed for the salvation of his family and our country, but he suffered persecution and fought against anti-Christianity.

There were very few Christians then in Japan. My father did not labor as a preacher but was busy in the works of mining and pub- lishing, especially the latter. In his not-busy hours he sold Bibles and did work as a Christian because he thought that to sell the Bible and other sacred literature, was a means of evangelization.

Suddenly he was arrested on a cold winter morning in 1882, and put in prison for three months, on Ishikawa Island because he put forth pictllres with explanations advocating the principles of liberty.

'When his young wife came to see him off, my father told her that the island prison was very inconvenient to visit, and that it was more important to carryon their work in publishing and mining. He added with tears: "I know it is a very heavy task for you, but I hope you will believe in the help of Jesus."

Listening to his words, she kept quiet with a pale face and fired mind. It seemed that she could not carry such a heavy burden but soon she recovered her courage, reminding herself of some Japanese heroine who was very patient and brave in adversity. So she said to her husband: "I will keep them through all your absence."

Then she turned back to hide her rainy face from her husband and bowed with her heavy burden. My father, who was only eighteen years old at that time, prayed for help from Heaven for my mother.

At that time our prison condition in Japan was antiquated.

There were a few big rooms, and each room kept about one hundred and fifty prisoners, including every kind of criminal. Every room had two or three chiefs, who were the most powerful prisoners.

When a prison officer took my father to a room, one of the chiefs brought him to the center of the room as a custom of initiation. He saw so much earnestness on my father's face that he seemed familiar to him. At first he could not remember when he had seen my father before. So he opened his mouth and asked: "Don't you know me?"

.986 My father replied without hesitation: "I do not know who you are."

The man again said, "Where is your homeT and what was your 'work1"

My father said: "My home is in Kanda, Tokyo, and publishing is my work."

The chief took a small book from his pocket and hastened to say, "Don't you know this book?"

"I know well," my father said, "it is the Bible. I was selling books in my store. "

Thus answering, my father looked upon his face with curiosity.

The chief suddenly sat down there and cried out, saying: "Ah I you are the preacher to whom I have listened. God has sent you here."

He changed his attitude and showed his respect to my father, telling him: "It was one summer evening, while I was taking a walk I on a street in Kanda, after an offense, I. found a large crowd of people. The preacher was talking about the salvation of sinners. Of course I could not understand his speech, but I got a book, and it was from this book that I found a new light coming into my heart.

After thinking and thinking, I be- gan to feel that I was a sinner, and then I suffered so that I could not live any longer as I had been living. I went to a keisatsu (police MR. HARA IN HIS OFFICE station) after many hesitations, and confessed all my sins and offenses. Though I became a prisoner, I always endeavored to learn by reading this book about God and Jesus, and the salvation of sinners of which the preacher had told us.

It is very difficult to understand the meaning of this book. I was very anxious to get a good teacher, but it was impossible in prison.

Now God has given me the opportunity. You have come here my teacher. It may be unfortunate for you, but we are very happy to have you here. My desire has been granted!"

'1'hat evening he introduced my father to other chiefs and after conferring, they decided to listen to my father's preaching. The prison officer consented to their proposal. My father preached for them on every night with thankfulness to God for the opportunity.

A few days afterward the prisoners in the next building also offered to listen to his preaching, and the officer brought them to my father.

Thus the majority of the prisoners in Ishikawa Island came to listen.

Two months passed, and it made my father rejoice to find that

the prisoners awakened spiritually. The winter grew colder and colder and as my father was not accustomed to such a prison life, he got special blankets from an officer, but he had to sleep on the floor without tatami (Japanese mats). My father caught one very bad cold and many prisoners came to nurse him, but did not know how to treat the sick. At last he took typhoid fever, and was carried away to a separate room. There were many lying sick. Doctors and nurses in the prison were so scarce that they could not take care of all of those suffering prisoners.

My father spent one week in this separate room, helpless, lying in pain upon a dirty bed. He felt lonely, worrying about his family and business, but he always prayed for the help of God, saying, "Oh God, I do not mind about death, for I believe you will help my young wife and our child, but please show your glory among our countrymen through the death of my body. "

He kept quiet, taking the doctor's advice, but soon after he was suffering with a high fever and became unconscious and they said he was dead. ,His body was carried out and placed in a room with many other dead bodies. It so happened that a prisoner passing by the room noticed something move. Fear ran him away, but his curiosity compelled him to return and he watched the dead bodies in the room until he saw one of them stir. It was my father. At first he was astonished but soon he was delighted when he realized that my'father might be saved. He went quickly to call for doctor, who came with an officer. They examined the body, and found that he still lived, so they carried him back to the sick room and after a time he exhibited a mysterious recovery.

When he had finished his term in prison my father returned to his beloved wife. His face, however, was pale and his body weakened and emaciated. They cried with joy and without words and gave God their hearty thanks. My father's business of mining and publishing were waiting for him, but so deeply had he been impressed in the prison by the need of prison reform and with dire necessity to take care of ex-convicts that he could not easily go back to his work. He thought the best way was to get guidance from God and went to the church to pray every day and night for one week. As he prayed on the seventh day: "Oh God, please show me your will. What shall I do with my life? Give it to my business or to the prison work?" he went into an unconscions state on account of physical fatigue and he says that while he was in that condition, he saw Jesus, and heard Him say: "Remember them that are in bond, as you were in bond with them." He awoke and was filled with glory, reflecting on the words: "Remember them that are in bond as you were in bond with them."

He prayed again: "If the dream was your holy suggestion, Oh Lord show me your advice in the Bible."

1923J A JAPANESE CHRISTIAN AMONG PRISONERS

After this prayer, he found the following words of St. Paul: "For thou shalt be his witness unto all men of what thou hast seen and heard." (Acts 22: 15.) He was delighted and determined to dedicate himself to the Christian service among imprisoned people. He was encouraged by his wife's joyful agreement for his new work.

Immediately he sold his mines and publishing store, and started in his prison work. This was in the year 1883 that he became the first chaplain in the prison. He began. to work for prison reform and stimulated our government and public opinion, to take better care of prisoners and ex-convicts. He opened his home to ex-prisoners and treated them as if they were his real children.

Now after forty years in this work there are 7,193 ex-convicts ~who have received my father's care. Seventy per cent of them have reformed and have become the normal citizens. It has been his privilege to bring many to Christ. He has recently written a book on his forty years' experience. My father is now seventy years old, and he tells us always that our God never rests from His work, and so he should not either.

Recently my father's work was praised by the Japanese Emperor who has given a private contribution. However, my fath~r has never received any financial aid from the government because he wanted to retain his personal freedom in his holy work. He has spent all the money he had and is maintaining his work by the contribution from personal friends in Japan and abroad. He earnestly asks the help of Christian brothers and sisters in this work of God.

During forty years, since he began his work, the prison conditions in Japan have greatly advanced. Lately our government also has taken great interest in the establishment of homes for ex-convicts so that at present 625 homes are taking care of them.

My father has indeed rejoiced in the rapid increase of the number of these works but however much numbers may increase, if the ex-convicts are not reformed, there is no satisfaction in it for him. If we ask him what power can accomplish this reformation, his answer is, "Christianity." Indeed the sympathy needed for them is that which comes from the constraining love of Christ. My father's book explains his forty years' experience and I am going to translate this book into English. Here you will find the fruits of the seed your missionary sowed.

Among those ex-prisoners who have been sheltered at our home, there are highway robbers, murderers and sneak thieves. As soon as they come to our home, my father questions them with hearty sympathy as to the offense for which they were imprisoned 7 From which prison they have come1 What have been the resulting conditions of their evil lives 7 Where are their families living and in what

condition 7 And then he gives them his brotherly hospitality in our home.

If possible he brings their families together soon, and if they want to stay in Tokyo, he finds jobs for them. Thus they stay quite freely in our home for some days as members of my father's family. Some of them may run away from our house, and in this case· it is natural to suppose that they would pick up and take off with them any property that they saw lying around, knowing all the ways of the house. They usually escape at night but in all the forty years of his labor no such theft has ever taken place. Of course, this is due to the Providence of God, but -there is also something in the hearts of these people that accounts for it.

God is persistently calling sinners and they cannot rest in their sins. My father believes that it is his holy privilege to bring them near to the love of God. In his long experience he found out that better housing aided very much in the prevention of criminals. For a trial, he has built about fifty small tenements for as many families who had b~en living in slums and the results have been very satisfactory.

Meanwhile I had grown up, a second generation of Japanese Christian, and I took a position at a bank in Japan after graduation from the economic department of Keio university in Tokyo. I continued in business about ten years and progressed in the bank. But as my spiritual life gradually improved, it was my heartfelt prayer and wish to improve these poor classes and to lead them to Christ. I could not see them without tears of sympathy and felt horribly sorry. I spent my time and means as I could in my business life to help and to educate them. At last I gave up my position in the banking business and started on Christian service work. As the first step I came to America to study her religious social service work.

When I go back to Japan after finishing my study here, I shall assist in my father's work and we have plans to build up four or five hundred small houses, also a settlement house and playground in the slums to gather poor people as our neighbors and work to improve their living condition and spiritual life by education.

I pray the glory of God will show among these people by using my body and spirit which I have dedicated to Him, as He has shown through my father's life.

SOME SIAMESE PROVERBS When a dog bites you, don't bite back. Toothless old tigers often memorize the commandments. He fled from the tiger and ran into a crocodile. It is easy to find friends when you are feasting; but difficult when you are dying.

the Japanese Are

BY REV. S. H. WAINRIGHT, TOKYO, JAPAN Secretary of the Christian Literature Society of Japan PRESENT-DAY Japanese come as near to reading all that there is to be read as any other nation. The old book stores, con- taining the Chinese classics and other writings in the Chinese, are no longer, as they once were, the corner-stone of culture in Japan. Only special students patronize them and they are few and far between. The younger generation not only takes little interest in books in Chinese, but they find difficulty in reading them. Gradually the number of Chinese characters required to be learned by the students in the schools has been reduced. The literature of China is now a sealed book to the present generation of Japanese throbbing with new life. Buddhism is putting out literature, but it consists principally of p'opularized editions of earlier literature.

The literary tastes acquired through a study of Chinese literature now seek satisfaction in the literature of Russia and other countries in Northern Europe, Germany and France, but especially in the literature of England and the United States for the great medium of culture in Japan is the English language. Two notable daily newspapers published in Japanese are issuing English editions daily. Think of the scope of modern education by which a generation has been prepared with sufficient capability and interest to subscribe for daily newspapers published in English! Besides these, there is a well known daily newspaper and a weekly magazine, owned and edited by Japanese, and both published in English. While English is the language of culture and commerce, there is no prospect of its becoming a colloquial substitute for Japanese, which of itself is highly developed and capable of further expansion and modification.

What the Japanese are reading is indicated in the sources and li'cope of literature now current in Japan. The news stand, as in the West, is becoming a competitor of the book-stores and one wonders what time is left for serious reading of books after so many periodicals have been perused. One good thing about the daily newspapers is that the outside page is given to the advertisement of the latest books. Sensational events, murders, robberies, divorces and elopements find their place on the "third page," which is the scandal page in Japanese journalism. It is an index of the very real interest the Japanese take in books, that these book advertisements occupy the most prominent place in the daily newspapers at a high cost of advertising. Even the department stores are unable to compete with the book dealers in securing the most desirable space in the daily newspapers.

991

If we take literature in the broad sense as the test of culture and as an index of the main current of national interests, we may de- termine what a nation is reading by discovering the authors who are most prominently before the people, especially in a nation so subject to fads as the Japanese. It is probably true that among the Ameri- cans the fad centers in a book, while in Japan interest centers in the author.

The successive phases through which the reading interest has passed since the country was opened may be indicated by the interest taken in such writers as Rousseau, Spencer, Tolstoy, Eucken and Karl Marx. These names have been at different times focal centers of interest on the part of the reading public in Japan.

The first impression made by our Western civilization on Japan was the political liberty enjoyed by Occidental nations. The history under the Tokugawas, to which they had been accustomed, was pa- ternalistic and despotic in the extreme. Therefore, the writings of Jean Jacques Rousseau were read with eager interest and his name was potent in the creation of parliamentary government in Japan. The defeat of the French in the Franco-Prussian War resulted in a change from French to German influence in the moulding of J apa- nese institutions.

Next came Herbert Spencer as the outstanding represent&,tive of the age of science and the power gained through invention, ex- ceeding anything pictured in fable or dreamed of among the J apanese. Huxley and Haeckel were also well known and their names were linked with Spencer's, as was that of John Stuart Mill with Rousseau's. Darwin's "Origin of Species" was read by some and yet the great interpreter of evolution was Herbert Spencer and his books were to be seen everywhere.

Realism and naturalism in literature and the pursuit of money .and success in business life were new to the Japanese. Political economy was not foreign to Confucianism, but, as the science of money making and capitalistic production, it was new. It formed no part of the moral equipment of the good citizen. The new ideas caused Tolstoy's sun to mount on the horizon while the light of Herbert Spencer's philosophy was setting. Tolstoy has exhibited a vitality that Spencer was not able to maintain, and the consciousness of a moral law, absent in Spencer and present in Tolstoy, may account for the difference. It is probably true that Tolstoy's influence was due to the ascetic strain in his message; his disapproval of money making and his detachment from the feverish thirst and ambition of the great age of economics then dawning in Japan. At any rate, his writings, introduced by Tokutomi, the novelist, gained vogue and still command a wide reading.

When the thunderbolt of the European War came with tragic suddenness in 1914, Rudolf Eucken was preparing to make a tour

WHAT THE JAPANESE ARE READING

through the Orient and to give a series of lectures in Japan as the guest of the Tokyo Imperial University. His name had become a household word with the Japanese and it is not easy to explain the psychology of a prepossession so complete as that of the Japanese reading public with the name of Rudolf Eucken. Tradition and cul- ture through generations of the past had inculcated in the mind of Japan a certain aversion to materialism. When Eucken adopted the term "spiritual" as the keynote of his philosophy, he not only ap- peared to be a man with a message in his own part of the world, but his inspiring productions evoked a response in the mind of Japan as real as it was general. The Japanese thought they had found in Eucken a prophet of a spiritual civilization, something of which they felt the need. This tide in favor of Eucken was broken by the clash of arms and the European INar absorbed all interest and thought for the four or five ensuing years.

Today the name that suggests itself as symbolizing the active interest and serious tendency of the Japanese reading public is that of Karl Marx. The trend now foreshadows struggle, not on the part of individuals, but between great sections of the popUlation; between the ultra-conservatives and an increasing number to whom socialism appeals with an attraction as deceptive as it is irresistible. For a long time, the discussion of socialistic subjects was denied to the public and a strict censorship kept that particular type of literature out of the market. The policy now seems to be that set forth in our hearing by a recent Cabinet Minister who declared that thought must be overcome by means of thought. The wider tolerance consists rather in the recognition of a scientific study of all phases of current thought, even of Communism and Socialism, as something the intelligent public, as well as the students, may be permitted to enjoy. Radical tendencies are strongest among students, laborers and to some extent among farmers. The strength of the new radical ideas is not in their intrinsic reasonableness, but rather in the indictment brought against existing conditions.

We have not taken account of the small but disproportionately forceful influence of the professing Christians, nor has there been any attempt to specify the type of reading now prevalent. Bergson's name may be placed alongside that of Eucken and WaU Whitman might be mentioned as connected with the more recent phases of democracy. Walter Pater, whose cult of beauty is opposed to asceticism, is having a certain vogue among university students and many new books on psychology and sex problems are thrusting themselves more than ever into the foreground. Popular novels written by Japanese show an increasing tendency to bring religious subjects into fiction. New discoveries in English literature are constantly being made by the Japanese, who find themselves much interested, for example, in Amiel's Journal, and his melancholy introspection.

3

The relation of Japanese reading to Christian opportunity and obligation may be easily seen. The national mind is being increasingly subjected to Western literary influences. National traditions are losing their power and the mind of Japan is capable of being moulded for good or evil. During the past decades, the Christian religion has been regarded with suspicion and fear, as if it threatened to undermine loyalty and filial piety hitherto regarded as the foundation of the State. The more recent trend is making Christianity appear to be not a radical but a conservative force, capable of offsetting destructive influences more menacing than ever before. There is an unwholesome tendency, generally speaking, in the literature of the present and the most powerful corrective is to be found in the Bible and in Christian books. Jesus said to His earliest disciples, "Ye are the light of the world," and He added, "Neither do men light a lamp, and put it under the bushel, but on the stand; and when the true light should be put, not under the bushel, but on the it shineth unto all that are in the house." If there ever was a time stand that.time is now.

Present-Day Ideas in Japan A paper presented at the National Conference in Tokyo, and prepared by Prof. S. Saito, of the Tokyo Imperial University, Dr. M. Uemura and Dr. S. H. Wainright I. MORAL IDEAS.

M OST of the intelligent Japanese young men of today are eager seekers after truth.. This may be a good influence of naturalism. They prize truthfulness more than righteousness. Though they are more anxious to know what life is than what life ought to be, they cannot be stigmatized as immoral, for to be' truthful is highly moral. They are taught in school what is the summum bonum according to an old moral theory, but their minds are too flexible to keep hold of that old theory and not to be held on by new ideas that are inundating the whole land. So that they are often puzzled about te'lling right from wrong in some particular cases. And it is one thing to be indig·nant at hypocrisy and another to be unrestrained in natural impulses. There lie pros and cons on the present state of morality among young men.

Looseness in marriage bond and publication of so many books and periodical articles on sexual problems are against the extension of Christianity.

Pros: II. PHILOSOPHICAL IDEAS Cans: 1. Neo-Idealism is winning its way. 2. Some books on philosophy of religion are selling well, and they came mostly from the pen of Christian scholars. 3. Bankruptcy of superficial optimism: the Great War has done this. 1. Some of the above mentioned books are heterodox.

III. RELIGIOUS IDEAS Pros: 1. People are becoming religious. They "stretch lame hands of faith, and grope, and call to what they feel is Lord of all.))

PRESENT DAY IDEAS IN JAPAN

2. Christian phraseology is so widely used that even lives of Bud- dhist priests are written in Christian coloring, sometimes putting St. Paul 's s!ly~ng into the mouth of Shinran Shouin. This ten- dency at once facilitates and becomes an obstacle to the 'propaga- tion of Christianity.

3. St. Francis of Assisi is well known. Cons: 1. Theistic tendency.

2. Mysticism, spiritual influence of which is doubtful. . 3. Superstitions old and new.

4. Shinto. Some government officials are forced to worship Shinto.

IV. LITERATURE Pros: 1. Works written with moral earnestness are read most o:f' all. Among them, T. Kagawa's works are downright Christian, and though H. Kikuchi's and S. Mushakoji's are not the Christian spirit they urge one to be moral.

2. Some Christian poets are popular among students of European literature; e. g., Dante, Milton, Browning, Thompson, and some French Catholic poets.

3. Most of t.he young men interested in literature like Dostoiefski and Tolstoi.

4. Such intellectual delicacy and impressionability as shown in W. Pater, who is well known among thoughtful young men, will create pro-Christians of the type of Marius the Epicurean.

Cons: 1. Most of the Christian writers have not fascinating literary style. 2. Works without Christian consciousness of sin (e. g., W. Whitman and O. Wilde) are in vogue. 3. Some novelists write opprobriously about Christianity. 4. JEstheticism. Pater may lead one to Hellenistic enjoyment of life rather than to Christian blessedness.

V. EDUCATION Pros: 1. Creation of the Western mind. 2. Teaching of modern languages of Europe, especially English.

3. Many hymn tunes taught at primary schools make it very easy for non-Christians to join in singing hymns.

4. People are now much interested in higher education of girls. Cons: 1. Worship of national gods at some Shinto festivals.

2. No programme for scientifically teaching boys and girls what re- ligion is. 3. In primary and middle school textbooks there are too many tales which tend to give boys and girls unsound ideas of patriot- ism and heroism.

. VI. SOCIAL PROBLEMS AND MISCELLANEOUS Pros: 1. People are inclined to regard a laborer not as an instrument but as a personality.

2. The idea that" labomre est orare" can be introduced by the labor .movement. .

3. Sympathy for the poor.

4. Internationalistic movements.

5.. Popularity of Christmas festivity.

.6. Sunday observance is facilitated by the growing custom of having rest on Sunday.

Cons: l. Materialistic view of life inculcated by some Socialists. 2. Jingoistic Nationalism.

3. Irregular daily li:f'e.

Opportunities for Christian

in Japan BY REV. C. K. LIPPARD, D.D., KOBE, JAPAN Missionary of the Lutheran Church in America, 1900· T HE Japanese have always appreciated education, but it was not until the Meiji Era that an attempt was made to popularize it. At the beginning of the reign of Meiji Tenno (1867) it was decided that his Government shonld seek for information in all parts of the world. Japan has been greatly benefited by the splendid minds that were sent to study in the leading universities of Europe and America. Through the leadership of those well trained men great progress has been made in civilization and, today, Japan can stand shoulder to shoulder with civilized nations in so far as material progress is concerned. Nor has she discontinued this policy, for even now her young men are found in great numbers in the leading universities of the world.

But the emphasis upon education has been shifted to the homeland. The Japanese are now insistent upon building and equipping universities and schools of higher learning so that the great number of students seeking .for higher education may be accommodated. Even greater emphasis is being laid by the Central Government, and by the country at large, upon general education. Attendance at primary schools has been made compulsory for boys and girls alike, and now 97 per cent of the children of school age are enrolled in such schools.

While Japan is able to take care of the primary education of her people, she cannot accommodate the large number applying for entrance to the grammar grades and higher schools. In 1920, 134,518 boys applied for entrance to the middle schools; only 52,599 could be accommodated, while of the 59,205 young women who applied for admission to government higher schools, only 38,837 could be received. To provide fully for these boys and girls 260 new schools would have been needed.

This situation forms the finest opportunity for the Church to supply Christian education. So eager are the boys and girls of Japan for education that they will enter mission schools in spite of their foreign attachments and their Christian character.

THE EFFECT OF PURELY SECULAR EDUCATION In government schools religion of all kinds is omitted. Little wonder, then, that her education is materialistic, bringing forth a brood of agnostics and atheists to be the leaders of .Japan. Such education naturally blunts the finer sensibilities of the rising genera- , 996 tion. Students may be told to "be good"; but the power to fulfill the command is lacking.

What Japan has provided for the moral development of her students is embodied in what is known as "The Imperial Rescript on Education. " This enjoins four cardinal virtues: namely, benevolence, righteousness, loyalty, and filial piety. By insistent and persistent effort on the part of the instructors a knowledge of these virtues is being fixed upon the hearts of the students.

Loyalty to the Throne is the one cardinal virtue universally insisted upon. By displaying the Emperor's picture in the assembly room of the schools on certain holidays, and by the public reading of the "Imperial Rescript on Education" they try to inculcate a reverence for the Imperial House that amounts to what is considered by many intelligent men of Japan, equivalent to religious worship.

The effect, on the one hand, has been to make the Japanese extremely patriotic, and on the other hand, to narrow their international thinking ~o such an extent that it is extremely difficulty for them to sympathize with other nations. Many educators consider this attitude essential to the preservation of the national life and mortllity.

In the instruction given the children of Japan, Ohristians recognize a distinct lack of that high moral sensibility found in Ohristian teaching that renders such splendid service to the young in their search for moral standards in sex relationships and in all public activities.

EDUCATIONAL WORK BY MISSIONARY AGENCIES There are at present, in Japan, 303 Ohristian kindergartens with 9,910 pupils; 20 Primary Schools with 2,946 pupils; 34 Middle Schools for boys with 9,151 students; 55 Higher Schools for girls with 11,251 students, and 7 Industrial Schools with 1,222 students. 'l'hese schools, wherever found, are powerfully influencing the pupils and, in a measure, the entire development of national education. Especially has Christian education had a leading part in making Japan see the need for schooling her women above the elementary grade. If Ohristianeducation in Japan had Jone nothing else, this alone would be well worth its cost.

Ohristian education has undoubtedly produced practically all of the pastors, evangelists and other Ohristian workers who have thus far advanced the Ohristian cause in Japan. Its results are seen also in the young men and women who return to their homes to enter secular callings and who carry with them the Christian message which exerts an influence far beyond our ability to describe. Through these men and women the national life of Japan has been and is being made better.

Christian eduction has produced SOme of the leaders of Japan

-such men for instance, as the present Counselor to the Imperial Prince Regent; such a leader in philanthropy as Tomioka who for fifteen years has been the leading spirit in the Department of Home Affairs and matters of social welfare and reform; Kagawa who is now doing such a wonderful work for the uplift of the laboring class in Japan, is another product. It has produced leaders in every department of life, especially in literature, in law, and in social reform. Finally, Christian education, more than any other influence, has created a world outlook and fostered a sense of universal brotherhood in the hearts of the Japanese.

Among the outstanding triumphs of Christianity in Japan, Christian education takes the leading place. Although the results have not been what eager hearts may well desire, the fact that 30 per cent of the graduates of Christian schools go out as avowed Christians is reason for encouragement. If "there is joy in the presence of the angels over one sinner that repenteth," the approval of Heaven would seem to be given to this form of Christian work in Japan. We cannot be pessimistic in the face of such results.

Today the dawn of unprecedented prosperity is breaking upon the Christian schools of Japan. But there is one serious consideration for the leaders of the Church to face. This is found in the fact that the Imperial Government through the Department of Education is making a fresh study of educational methods the world over, and through constant supervision is increasing the efficiency of its schools and raising the standards of secular education. These standards must at least be met if Christian education is to be worthy of its name and press forward to the attainment of its ultimate goal.

The opportunity for unique service is before the Christian forces of Japan, and the Church must make a mighty effort to equip her educational institutions there with well trained and truly Christian teachers in order that a representative native leadership may be raised up, upon whom shall rest the ultimate evangelization and Christianization of that Empire.

This life is school-time. Whatever word God writes on top of your page – Patience, Courage, Love, l<~orgiveness, Resignation, Servicecopy it over and over till He gives you another word. Never murmur. Do your best to solve your problems. If you are in the dark, say: "Speak Lord, for Thy servant heareth. " When you feel like complaining, listen. Be still before God. David said, "I was dumb, I opened not my mouth; because Thou didst it." That is better than moaning and lamenting; but let us leap from David to Jesus, and say, "The cup which my Father hath given me, shall I not drink it Y" "Father, glorify thy name." So shall we be made perfect through suffering, and the trial of our faith be found to praise and honor and glory at the appearing of Jesus Christ in us now, and in the day of triumph by and by.-ltIaltbie Davenport Babcock.

OF THE SUDAN WHO NEED THE GOOD

The Women of the Sudan BY MRS. DAVTD S. OYLER, DOLAIB HILL, SUDAN American United Presbyterian Mission T HE inhabitants of the Sudan are not a homogenous people, but tribe borders on tribe. While they mingle to some extent they do not assimilate, each tribe retaining its own customs and traditions. The one hundred and fifty tribes of this vast country are thrown together and often some tribes oppress their brethren. The northern Sudan is Moslem, and the women are subject to the same influences that drag down their sisters in other Mohammedan lands, though the natural kindliness of the Sudanese may mitigate their burdens.

In the southern portion paganism predominates, and each tribe has its own religion. The tribe among whom we work is known as Shilluks (the Arabic name), but they call themselves Shulla or Shole. While ·this tribe is not large, it is the only tribe that has been able to hold its own among tribes far superior in numbers for it has a strong central government with a king. Their holdings on the banks of the White Nile and the Sobat have been coveted by other tribes, but by bravery they have held their possessions, and have been able to retaliate on their enemies. In 1871 Schweinfurth estimated the population at 1,000,000 but at present the estimates vary from 60,000 to 200,000. Not only were men killed in battle, but the young and feeble were slaughtered by the invaders and the more promising men were carried off to the Dervish capital. Women have a high position among the Shullas, in direct contrast to the position 999

of Mohammedan women. When a chief is Clhosen for a village, the women have a part in the ceremony, and formerly some women were able rulers. In councils between tribes, or in deciding for war, the women also have a minor part.

When trouble appears, and war is imminent, all the men able to carry shield and spear hasten to the encounter. The fights are usually local feuds, and are staged near home. The women follow close behind the fighting men in order to bear the dead from the field of battle, and to help the wounded to places ·of safety. In defeat women have even pleaded with their victors to spare their wounded. The Shulla code of honor will not permit a man to injure a woman in battle.

The marriage customs have a large part in fixing the place of women. The dowry is large, ten head of cattle being paid by the young man for his bride; also the father-in-law extracts many sheep and other treasures from his prospective son-in-law. The young man approaches the girl first, and if she gives her consent he goes to the father. If he refuses the marriage does not occur. However, after the girl refuses the case may be carried to the father, and he may reverse the girl's decision. In that case it becomes a test of endurance between the girl and her father, and if she endnres the prescribed tests the father cannot marry her off against her will. In the choice of husbands the girls seem to have considerable latitude._ A man physically inferior has a difficult time getting married; and many men considered good "catches" by the fathers are refused by the girls.

A wife is expected to bring with her to her new home a supply of simple cooking vessels, and some clothes. Contrary to our custom the husband and wife do not care for each other in times of sickness, but their own relatives must minister to them. If a wife dies without children her father must refund the cattle. If she is immoral, lazy, a poor cook, or unable to bear children she IDay be returned to her father, and the dowry is refunded. On the other hand, if the cattle die, the husband must replace them.

Polygamy is permitted, and the number of wives a man has is limited only by his powers to buy. Very few of the young men have more than (me wife, but many of the old men have many. As daughters marry off their dowries bring in new wives for the father. The women are property to the extent that they are bought by the dowry, and are also inherited. When a man dies his eldest son inherits his wives, with the exception of his mother, who goes to the nearest male relative. Should a man die without a son, or if the son is a minor, his nearest male relative gets his wives. When a father dies the brother gets the dowry which his sisters bring. In spite of the financial basis of the marriage true love is frequent and very often brothers and sisters are dev'oted to each other.

THE WOMEN OF THE SUDAN

In distinction from the Mohammedan, the Shulla is as pleased over the birth of a girl as he is over a boy. When a man is asked which he would rather have he usually says that it makes no difference to him, except that he does not want all his children to be of the same sex. A son keeps the father's name alive in the village, but the daughter brings wealth.

The mother holds a large place in the affections of her children. Unfortunate is the lad whose father has passed away to the Great Beyond, the region which holds so much terror for them; but more unfortunate still is he whose mother is dead. It does one good to hear the way some of the young men speak about their mothers. Their pride and affection are often as great as those in our own land. Our second convert, who has always been respected for his morality. attributes this to the training he received from his mother. Since his conversion he is seeking to lead his mother in the Way of Truth, and she has become a diligent enquirer. However she is not typical of her race because very few teach their children to be truthful and clean. Frequently parents encourage their children to steal or deceive for profit.

The women are so ignorant that they do not know enough to be good mothers. As a rule they are neat housekeepers and frequently permit those dependent on them for food to go a day without anything to eat, just because it did not suit their convenience to cook that day. They often get sulky, and run away from home, because of some wrong, either real or fancied. Scolding and quarreling are frequent and men have the right to whip their wives. Occasionally one is brave enough to avail himself of that prerogative. One man, when reproached for whipping his wife, replied, "It is absolutely necessary for a black woman to be punished sometimes, or she will become so disobedient that she will not do a thing her husband desires. "

Some of the women are pure, but many of them are immoral, and impurity is often treated lightly. Their standard is different from the white man's as the greater stigma and the severer punishment are placed on the man, even when the woman has deliberately led the :plan astray.

The Sudanese women lack ambition, and without enquiring minds they stolidly accept that which has come down to them from the ages. They are opposed to the advance of new ideas, and' hence it is difficult to interest them in the Gospel. However, they are very slowly, but surely turning to the light. Some have already been baptized, and others have been placed in an enquirers' class.

From their ignorant ancestors, they have received a heritage of superstition; a heritage of ease and laziness, which cannot be overcome until a new power arises in their hearts; a heritage of slavery

and oppression; and an animistic religion which makes the poor devotee a prey to fear.

To assist in their elevation they have physical strength, and a nature which thirsts for knowledge of the unseen. The joyousness and cheerfulness of the race give them a bright promise for the future, in the day when the darkness of the centuries shall disappear, and the Light of the world shining into their hearts shall lead them to take an interest in the great realities of the world beyond and to become children of the Heavenly Father.

The Story of N yakeiru-An African Girl BY JOSEPHINE B. HOPE, KIJOBJ T HIS morning one of the native girls came into the dining- room of the mission at Kijobi, British East Africa. She came in singing happily, with some dishes in her hands, which she arranged on the shelves. She is good looking in her dress of dark blue print, with no heathen ornaments on her, and it was hard to realize that a few weeks ago she was a heathen, dressed in skins, living in a native hut.

The story of Nyakeiru's childhood is that of almost every other child of her tribe. They keep no account of birthdays or birthplaces; so her earliest rec{)llection is that of being left in a village with the other children while the older people were absent all day.

Her father had nine wives and each wife had several children. Day after day, they were left to amuse themselves or abuse each other as they pleased. Can you imagine a worse condition of child- life~ In this part of Mrica the boys usually wear no clothing at·all until seven or eight years of age, and then their attire is limited to a girdle or loin cloth. The little girls of four or five wear a tiny apron, and not until about ten or twelve do they put on the regulation skins which partially cover the body, After the men of the village have stretched a goat or sheep skin to dry and left it, the children scrape off the inner skin and cook and eat it. They eat the skin and legs of the wild partridges, of which the elders have eaten the better parts.

When Nyakeiru was about ten, a great famine came and brought much suffering, especially among the women and children. The father had issued his commands that the children were not to go to the garden for food, because he wanted it all for himself. He often let the children go hungry, while he gorged himself and grew fat. But the children had a little pot hidden away in the bushes, and they would steal into the garden,. procure food, and cook it far from the village. One child would stand on watch lest the father discover

THE STORY OF NYAKEIRU-AN AFRICAN GIRL

them. Many a time they were discovered and severely beaten. The mothers fared as badly as the children, and although they tried in every way to lessen the suffering of their little ones, what could they do? Many children were killed when caught stealing food. To make lilatters worse, smallpox broke out; and without care or attention three of her father's -wives and many of the children died.

Once her father made a raid on a neighboring tribe, the Masai, to procure food and after a fierce battle, he with his men brought THE HOME OF AN AFRICAN INLAND MISSIONARY IN KIJABI. BRITISH EAST AFRICA home a goodly share of the enemies' herds. F'or once there was more food than the men could devour.

Many a time, all that the children had was the greens they found and ate. But Nyakeiru and a number of her brothers and sisters, as well as her father and mother, lived through the famine, and she grew up until she was old enough to be sold as someone's wife. She was nOw old enough to attend the native dances; Nyakeiru had" entered society," for she belonged to the upper class.

About this time the Swahilis, a tribe that had been enslaved by the Arabs at the coast and were much used as porters throughout the country, were troubling the A.gikuyu much. Kiheriko, the father, went to Kinyanjui, the paramount chief of southern Gik~yu, a man

with fifty wives, and told him he might have one of his daughters if he would give him and his people protection. His eldest daughter refused to go, aud was immediately bought by another man. Wan- gesi, the second daughter, was refused "point blank," so it fell to Nyakeiru to go. She feared the great chief, with his many wives whom he often beat severely, and she too refused to go. Her father tried to beat her into submission and her cries were heard by one of the mission boys, who rescued her. Finally she succeeded in escaping from her home, and was concealed at the mission for several days. In the end her younger sister was given to Kinyanjui as she was not only willing but desired to become the wife of the chief.

A few weeks later Nyakeiru was sold to a young man named Kagia, a Masai-born, who had been brought up among the Agikuyu. He had one other wife, inherited at the death of his older brother, but professed to love only Nyakeiru. Shortly after her marriage she found her husband to be a brute" and he treated her cruelly. She finally was compelled to seek refuge agaiu at the mission station and was v.ery ill for many days from the beating he had given her. Her husband threatened to kill her when she came back, so that prayer was 'Offered for her. The impossible came to pass for her father paid back the goats and sheep he had received for her, and her husband was compelled to give her up as he wanted only to "wreak his vengeance on her and to torture her.

Nyakeiru lives now at the mission, happy and contented. She has a true, sturdy nature and two weeks ago was baptized. Her testimony given before all the people was straightforward and sin- cere. She is bright in her school work, happy and capable in what- ever she undertakes to do, but best of all she is a shining Christian.

Recent Sunday-school Progress BY DR. W. C. PEARCE, NEW YORK CITY Associate General Secretary of the World's Sunday School Association Xthe World's Sunday School Convention in Tokyo, three years ago, provision was made for the organization of national sec- tions of the Association in addition to the British and American sections. It was the conviction that the time had arrived for extending the work and for making the Association a veritable spiritual League of Nations. This provision was supported by the adoption of a policy of world visitation in order to promote the organizations of these national sections. Already thirty nations have been visited, containing eleven hundred millions of the world's population. In some, national organizations were already formed and in other nation"s plans were made to organize in the interest of a cooperative program of religious education. It is impossible to estimate what

RECENT SUNDAY-SCHOOL PROGRESS

the formations of these national sections may really mean to the Christian work of the world, especially since these national organizations are officered by Christians who, by experience and spiritual and intellectual attainments, are highly qualified to lead such a movement. One's heart feels a thrill of encouragement when the following nations are mentioned amongst those which have formed national Sunday-school. organizations-Australia, New Zealand, Czecho- Slovakia, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Turkey, Denmark and Algeria. In other lands, such as India and China, old Associations have been or are being modified to meet the larger demand made upon them.

The production of indigenous Sunday-school literature is a very evident universal and long-felt need which was very fully discussed at Tokyo. The missionary, patriotic and native illustrations used in English Sunday-school lesson helps are naturaliy taken from British and American history and, therefore, do not appeal strongly to other people. There may be unity in the selection and exposition of lesson courses, but there should be much modification in illustrative material to be effective in other parts of the world. Sunday-school literature in America and Great Britain has made it possible for the common man to qualify as a fairly efficient Sunday-school teacher and any large Sunday-school advance throughout the world depends on the development of indigenous lesson courses and literature. A Joint Advisory Lesson Committee has been appointed, composed of representatives from The Foreign Missions Conference, The International Sunday School Council of Religious Education, The Committee on Cooperation in Latin America and The World's Sunday School Association. The cooperation of Great Britain has also been assured. Provision is also being made for men, experienced in curriculamaking, editorial work and publication of literature, to visit the various parts of the world and, by conference with leaders and personal interviews, interpret our experience to them. Everywhere quick and hearty cooperation is anticipated.

A Larger Financial Support.-Since the Tokyo convention, the annual budget has been increased from about $60,000 to $96,000. This means a larger secretarial staff and more appropriations for literature and leadership training.

Space does not permit to mention in detail the preparation for the next world's convention to be held in Glasgow, Scotland, during the third week in June, 1924; the great work of the Surplus Material Department; the visits of denominational experts to various fields, and the remarkable service of the national secretaries in various countries.

Brother-the

BY JAMES TOOKER FORD, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS F OR more than a hundred years, the Christian Crusaders of Europe were engaged in a supreme effort to rescue the Holy Sepulchre from the hated Mohammedans. Five million men set forth on this holy adventure to kill or conquer the sacrilegious hold- ers of the sepulchre, most of them dying of disease or in battle in the attempt. In this enterprise, they thought to show a splendid loyalty to the Cross, but how strangely did they misinterpret the spirit and life and teaching of our Lord! He would have had them rescue Mohammedan souls and not fight for a Christian tomb. He would have had them die to save men, not die to kill unbelievers.

For nearly two thousand years, multitudes of those who claim to be Christians have secretly or openly despised the Jew, thinking that by. doing so they were showing loyalty to Christ. Through centuries they have either neglected, ostracized, persecuted, or massacred the Hebrews to prove their devotion to the Crucified Christ. How sadly have we misunderstood and misinterpreted Him. He died for His own nation as well as the Gentiles and He calls on Hili! followers to die to save the Jews rather than live to despise them~ Strange that almost the whole Christian world fails to love the Jew! In some countries pogroms are the order of the day I Even in enlightened America we look down upon the Jew, passing him by without a friendly thought.

There are fifteen million Jews in the world; over three million in the United States, one and a half million of whom live in New York Oity; three hundred thousand are in Chicago. They often become our next door neighbors. In place of sharing the universal coldness, we should rather love and serve them. We should be in continual prayer on their behalf, being so closely in touch with our Saviour that we would cry, "My heart's desire and prayer to God for Israel is that they may be saved."

The Ohristian's treatment of his Jewish brother through all the centuries, since the time of the early Church, has not recommended the religion of Jesus to our Hebrew brother. It has been a travesty of Ohristianity, a dishonor to Him Whom we profess to honor, a disgraceful volume (not a chapter merely) in the history of Christian civilization. How can we present Christ personally to the Jew unless we iirst treat him as a brother1 The experiences of the recent war ought to obliterate racial antagonism, for nearly 200,000 Jews were in the armies of America and over two thousand of them laid down their lives for American ideals. 'rhis ought to help Americans, and especially Christian Americans, to treat the American Hebrews as brethren.

1006 Three successive American ambassadors to Turkey were Jews and the first one, (Mr. Straus) drew on his own private purse to help Christian missionaries in distress; the second one (Mr. Morgenthau) offered a million dollars to help deliver the Annenian Christians from the clutch of the Moslems.

A missionary to China and India learns the language of those whom he seeks to reach, and lives with foreign peoples that he ]!lay tell them of Christ and the Cross. But in America are neighbors, speaking the same language, passing us daily to their work and recreation, fellow-citizens of the same republic, as Christless and Crossless as any Hottentot of Africa or Brahmin of India. The Hebrew people as a class are law-abidingo-not brawlers; nor were they addicted to intemperance. Strong ties bind together their large and happy families. They are industrious and in many instances, by pluck and ability, have risen to places of commanding influence.

Two hundred and fifty millionaires are Jews and two thirds of Ne:w York City's wealth belongs to them. They are not heathen but they are non-Christian-and they glory in the fact. The Jew relies on no savior. He relies on himself for his salvation as fully as any Hindu fakir or Moslem devotee. His theory and practice of religion entirely exclude the Cross. To him moral standing before God depends on the balance struck between one's good and bad deeds which in the final judgment are weighed one against the other and if the good deeds outweigh the bad the man enters by right into the gates of Paradise. He is his own savior. As with a sponge on a slate he wipes out the atoning blood of .Jesus. His only sacrifice for sin is a fasting with confession of sin on Yom Kippur, the great Day of Atonement, on which day every loyal Hebrew afflicts hIS soul by abstaining from the least particle of food or drink from sunset to sunset, and by confessing all manner of sins, many of which he may not be consciously guilty of. He thus cleans his slate before God. In his confession he says, "',ve have robbed, we have spoken falsely, we have committed iniquity, we have done violence, we have forged lies, we have scoffed, we have revolted, we have blasphemed, we have been rebellious, we have persecuted"; and so on through a long list of sins. This is their atonement for their souls.

The doctrine of vicarious sacrifice for sin is as utterly repudiated by the modern Jew as by the Brahmin or Confucianist. The one great central doctrine of a divine-human Redeemer, the only hope of a sinful world, does not exist in his experience or philosophy any more than in the experience and philosophy of Marcus Aurelius or a modern Hindu fakir.

What are we Christians of today going to do about this ~ The Church of the first century carried the doctrine of the Cross first to the Jews and then to the Gentiles. Of course it suffered persecution, and we today may suffer persecution if we carry the Gospel

of Jesus to them, for to them the doctrine of Christ as a divinehuman being is blasphemous and contrary to their daily repeated word: "The Lord our God is one God." 1'he Trinity to them means three gods and to worship such means idolatry. -With the veil still on their hearts, they hate the Cross and hold that "the preaching of Jesus is a dog's work." It must be confessed that for seventeen centuries the Jew has seen nothing in the Christian's spirit or con- duct toward his people to recommend Jesus to him, or that would help to remove this veil. No wonder he is clannish and has developed characteristics which have separated him from the rest of the world! Persecution! "Christian" persecution through all these long dreadful centuries has developed or intensified his racial traits.

Gorlchakoff spoke of the Russian Jew as a great scourge upon any people. Bismarck answered that the Government's policy toward them had given them the character of which he complained. .

They are now perhaps at the greatest religious crisis in their history. Business relations and the adoption of Gentile customs are tending to break down their exclusiveness and their re- spect for the forms of their religion, so that the tendency of their young people is to break away from the old orthodox Jewish faith and drift into" no religion," to become agnostics leading prayerless, godless lives. A number of Jewish writers are expressing the fear "that Israel will be swallowed up of the nations." But we cannot share in this fear. Somehow God, Who has mysteriously kept them as a race through the distressing past, will weld them still for the great plan of the world's redemption. Sometime they will become the world's greatest evangelists. But their condition now is appalling. The statement of a young Jew to the writer doubtless describes the actual spiritual condition of a very large majority of young Jews. He said, "I never read the Bible and never go to the synagogue except on Yom Kippur. I serve God one day, and serve myself the rest of the year." .

Is it not for the lack of sufficient consecrated, loving, gospel work among them that young Jews are growing up to have no reli- gion? They are giving up the religion of their fathers, which con- sists largely in forms and customs, observance of days (mere dead works), and, being poisoned against the Christian religion, are now practically without religion. The Christian Church of America is doing precious little to stop this dangerous drifting! By our neglect, we are allowing a mass of the most inflammable material to accumulate in our communities (these bright active impressionable and excitable young minds without the conserving force of religion) and a spark from somewhere may set aflame a political conflagration.

Then we will rue our neglect but it may be too late. It is a plain truth that where there is no religion-no morality, and if no morality -then pandemonium.

MBTHODS

Zili14JS! d! ;I ,was Wi EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, ROOM 721, MUHLENBERG BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA, P A.

FINDING THE OPEN DOOR T HE MASTER Who gave His unqualified, unlimited commission- " Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature" -could easily have qualified and limited it, if He had not meant that it should be unqualified and unlimited.

We have no more right to conclude that only a fem Christians are called to go into all the world to preach the Gospel than we have to assume that the only door of obedience to His commission is entered by the actual purchase of a steamship ticket to some foreign port.

Our churches should lay on the heart of every member the individual obligation to the great commission, and then help each one to find his own open door of opportunity.

PRINCIPLES AND METHODS secration of both life and money, Three Principles rather than on "raising money."

1. No Christian should decide on 3. Special vocational meetings for his life work without giving first con- high school boys and girls may include sideration to direct missionary serv- the presentation of the missionary ice in the home or foreign field. calling, with its many phases of in- 2. Those who decide they cannot go dustrial, medical and agricultural in person have no less responsibility work. Frequently, a series of voca- for the salvation of the wPrld than do tional leetures or talks is given w!ith those who actually sail on ships or no mention of missionary opportu- travel by rail. Whatever a Christian's nity. Activity on the part of the mis- place of residence may be, his purpose sionary leadership of the community must be a missionary purpose. might have resulted in the inclusion 3. It is the responsibility and the of "The Missionary" under list of opportunity of the Church to help topics on vocations to be presented.

each member to find the door of re- 4. Denominational student secresponsibility through which he can best give his answer to his Master's "Go taries may mail bulletins and other yeo " literature to all of their high school Six Methods and college students. 5. Communities or the individual 1. By regular and systematic teach- churches may arrange special lunch- ing in the Sunday-school, each scholar eons or suppers to which various may be brought to face individual re- groups – doctors, nurses, teachers- sponsibility for life service. may be invited to consider a program 2. In the missionary organizations of special needs.

for the children and young people of 6. Students in colleges should have the churches, the stress should be laid (a) The best missionary speakers quietly and persistently on the con- obtainable during the year.

1009 4

(b) A schedule of mission study Their outfit was prepared and they classes. I'i J were ready to sail to Brazil. At '8 meet- (c) Opportunity to attend na- ing of the Presbytery called in the tional, district and state student mis- church in Midway, the question was sionary conventions. again opened and by a small majority (d) Missionary guests of various it was voted that after all it was too nationalities. expensive to send a family to the field, (e) MilSSionary posters and charts so that their commission was recalled on the wall. -even before they had sailed.

(f) :Missionary books in the library As the members of the Presbytery and missionary magazines and leaflets came out of the meeting, Mrs. Moffett in rCllding rooms. faced them in the vestibule. Tears (g) Missionary prayer circles. were in her eyes and determination (h) A program of actual commu- was in her heart. " You wiU not let nity and missionary service. me go," she said, "but I'll send every child I have." A great peace filled THE WOMAN WHO WENT EIGHT her heart. She had prayed earnestly TIMES OVER INSTEAD OF that God would not let her miss His ONCE ONLY will for her life. It had been hard to understand why, again and again, the About fifty years ago, Carrie Lena door had been closed before her eager Crawford, a high spirited, popular feet, but now the answer was clear. "The door is not closed. You are to girl of old Kentucky, faced many go–not in person, but through your doors that opened before her invit- ingly. She was full of fun and a rol- children. " lickingly good humor. When she studied the Westminster Catechism she She not only gave her children but learned not only the first phrase of the she trained them for lives of service. answer to the question "What is the There was no long-faced Christianity chief end of man T" "To glorify in her life. Her piety was deep and God"-but also the second phrase- genuine but she entered into the "And to enjoy Him fo'rever." She sports and pleasures of her children as "enjoyed" her Lord so thoroughly if she were as young as they.

she wanted to share her joy with the About twenty-five years she spent in whole world. getting ready to go, not as one mis- sionary, but as eight missionaries- Before the Student Volunteer through her eight children. Movement was organized, she offered herself to the Foreign Mission Board Then one day she was stricken sudof the Presbyterian Church. "Too denly. "Only a few days more," the young" was the reply. "It is not ad- doctor whispered. "Even so, come visable to send such a very young and quickly, Lord Jesus," she answered inexperienced girL" with confidence and joy. She went happily home, knowing in her heart Miss Crawford became Mrs. Alex- that, although her own eyes might ander Stuart Moffett and she and Dr. never see the ships on which she sailed Moffett both volunteered for foreign to foreign lands, some day she would mission service but again the Mission g(}-eight times over. Aud she did go.

Board said " Not advisable." Rev. Lacy Moffett. Years pasl>ed but the missionary Miss Carrie Lena Moffett. Mrs. May Moffett Crenshaw. purpose did not pass from their Mrs. Emma Moffett McMullen. hearts. When Dr. Moffett was pastor at Midway, Kentucky, and he was fifty years old and his wife forty-nve, Mrs. Paxt.on Moffett Crawford.

they offered themselves once more. Miss Natalie Moffett – her children They had six children, and planned to are in foreign mission service today.

place the older ones in school in Amer- Another son, Rev. Harry Moffett, who ica. At last they were accepted. was unable to go to the foreign field

BEST ME'r1!ODS

because of ill health, is at work with a not only her own distinguished son, missionary purpose in America and but also more than forty other young another daughter, Mrs. Maude Mof- people into Christian service through fett Walker, is living in America, her prayers and her personal work.

training her own children for Chris- A school teacher in teaching geog- tian service. raphy ineidentally taught missions So did Carrie Lena Crawford Mof- also.

fett go eight times over instead of Eliza Agnew, "Mother of a thou- once. sand daughters," went out from that HER SECOND CHANCE class to Ceylon.

In a recent convention, a young col- A Sunday-school snperintendent inlege woman was introduced as a stu- terested himself in the circulation of dent volunteer. Her face was radiant missionary papers in his school. A with the light of a great purpose. In little girl who became interested in clear tones she told of that purpose. reading the papers became a valuable missionary in Japan.

A father took time on Sunday after- noons to talk with his little son aod show him missionary pictures. The father never 8ailed as a missionary • but the world knows of the work of Alexander Duff, the son, who became the pioneer of higher education in India.

Someone placed a missionary book, "The Star of the East," in the hands of a young man. Adoniram Judson read the book and decided to give up his delightful parish in Boston to fol- low the leading of the Star into the mis~ion field.

John Williams, "Apostle to the South Seas," attributed his first in- terest in missions to the stirring mis- sionary sermons preached by his pastor.

Mothers and fathers in their homes, Sunday-school superintendents and teachers in the schools, pastors in their pulpits, friend:; across the street- MOTHER AND DAUGHTER whatever our occupation, whatever As she sat down a woman arose, her our limitations, many who cannot go hair was white and her shoulders were in person may go through others they bent with the burdens of ye'ars. In lead into the work.

her eyes was the glory of the girl's Through Gift. of Money face as she said: " This is the happiest day of my life. In the children's Mis- Justinian Von Weltz, Austrian sion Band I trained her with mission- nobleman of nearly three hundred ary interest for missionary service and years ago, sold his entire estate so I feel now as if I were going out as a that he might get funds to establish a foreign missionary myself. " school for missionaries.

Pastor Stearns of Germantown, Pa., ENGAGING INDIRECT PASSAGE gave aU of the many and the large The mother of the famous mission- honorariums which came to him from ary, Jacob Chamberlain of India, led his Bible teaching and platform work,

after he had taken out his actual ex- tary, Women's Home Missionary Sopense of travel, for sending out and ciety of the Methodist Episcopal supporting missionaries. He led his Church, has worked out a very effeccongregation so to understand the pos- tive way of telling the story of the sibility of going into all the world that children's work with dolls. they gave one million dollars for foreign missions during his pastorate, From the ten cent store she pursupporting missionaries in practically chased a number of celluloid dolls, every land of earth. three and a half inches high. Their vampish expression was so entirely A student volunteer, who was de- subdued by the attire in which she tained in America, became pastor of arrayed them, that other admiring a weak, struggling congregation in the workers have been slow to believe the West Virginia coal fields. The feel- statement as to whence the dolls came. ing of responsibility for going to the Clothes make the dolls. foreign field was so great he worked unceasingly until his little congrega- Dressed to represent the different tion supported a missionary. nationalities in America, for whom the children are working, the dolls A Georgian of large wealth who had help the secretary to tell most interestbeen living in extravagant luxury put ingly the story of the children of himself on a salary which he agreed many lands, supported by the special was generously large for himself and gifts of the children's societies. The his family and gave the balance of his clothes are stiff so that the dolls stand income to sending out and supporting alone. Every child loves a doll that missionaries. can stand by itself.

Including America As each doll is introduced, the chil- dren tell with great interest all they Surely the Lord did not intend to know about the work being done for exclude America when He gave His the children of the nationality repregreat commission. It requires as true sented – an orphanage for the Haobedience, and sometimes a more diffi- waiian children, another orphanage cult obedience to cross the street in for the Alaskan children, a sleeping missionary service than to go across porch for the Mexican children. the ocean. The whole world has sent its representatives to America, yet The secretary intersperses their many students say the door to mis- questions and answers with stories. sionary service is closed to them if Then she displays dolls of nationalithey cannot go to some foreign coun- ties for whom they are not doing anytry. thing and gives them a forward look to new work that should be begun. "One Chinese student who returns from America to China thoroughly As the doH from Czecho-Slovakia is Christian is worth a whole mission shown, she sings "Jesus Loves Me" in station, " declares an outstanding Czech. When the children are asked leader of Christian work in China. what song it is, all hands go up and they give immediate answer. Then all "Go ye." join in the chorus, the Secretary still The whole world-our parish. singing in Czech and the children in The place which needs us most and English. They agree that God does in which we can accomplish most- understand both languages and that our station. He understands all the children of Our life, our money, our influence, every land whate'Ver language they our time and talents – our opportu- speak or sing. Almost without realiznity. ing that they are being taught, the children, who attend the special chil- PRACTICAL METHODS FOR PRAC- dren's meeting, held by this Secretary as she visits the women's missionary TICAL LEADERS societies in her territory, learn lessons Tell the Story with Dolls Mrs. Collins J. Brook, Field Secre-

BEST METHODS

of international friendship and good The guests first assembled in the will as well as lessons about their own band-stand for the regular missionary denominational missionary work. program with some additional special Secretaries who are forward-look- features. Then the picnic supper, ing will not be content with their which also had additional special fea- tours of visitation of churches unless tures, was served. Toasts from the at every church there is a special various departments were proposed.

meeting or some special features for The President of the Women's Mis- the children. sionary Society made a plea for new THE BEST IS NOT TOO GOOD members. One of the members of the Young Women's Society gave a reoad- One of the Tennessee Auxiliaries of ilng and the president of the Chil- the Woman's Home Missionary So- dren's Society appealed to mothers to ciety of the First Methodist Episcopal send their children to the meetings.

Church has a quartette of musical Everyone had a good time and an women w:ith exceptionally good and added interest was given to the work well-trained voices. The President of of both the Ladies' Aid and Missionthe Society, who is also Chairman of ary Societies. the Musici Department of the Wom- an's Club, believes that the best talent DISCARD OUT-OF-DATE FACTS is not too g09d for the missionary so- Railroad s~hedules frequently give date ciety. The members of this quartette of iBRuance followed by this request: " Di4cllIrd all schedules of prevwus dates." have accepted responsibility for the In order that writers, speakers and leaders music for missionary meetings and may have up·to-date information, with give much time, thought and talent to enough perspective for a discriminating es- its planning, preparation and rendi- timate of values, various outstanding leaders have been aslied to give statements and comtion. They help also at district and ments on the events of the year 1922 in the conference meetings. various countries in which they are working.

Of course, this means special re- Rev. E. C. Lobenstine, of Shanghai, hearsals which take time from the formerly Secretary of the China Continuadays filled with professional duties, tion Committee, writes of the year 1922 in but these talented and trained women China: offer their talents and training gladly, The year 1922 is certain to stand because they love to work for the Ijord out in the history of Christian mis- and His kingdom and because a mis- sions in China as an important land- sionary society, in a talent search, mark. It saw the crystallization of made place for their talents. movements that had been gradually taking shape for years. It marks the BRING YOUR OWN SANDWICHES end of one period in the history of Picnic meetings for the summer modern missions in China and the months should be planned early in entrance upon a new era, during which the leadership will pass inthe year.

Last summe'r the members of the creasingly into Chinese hands and the. Women's Missionary Society of The missionary will have the joy of a new First Lutheran Church of Freeport, fellowship in service with the Chinese.

Illinois, invited the members of the THREE IMPORTA_"'T STUDIES OF MIS- Ladies' Aid Society to be their guests SroNARY WORK WERE COMPLETED AND for a picnic supper. Husbands and PUBLISHED IN THE· SPRING. The first children were included in the invita- of these, the monumental survey of tion. "Bring your own sandwiches The Christian Occupation of China, is and a dish to pass" is a favorite sen- regarded by the International Review tence for Illinois picnic. instructions. of Missions as "the most effective sur- The possible contents of the "dish to vey ever made of any mission field."

pass" add an element of pleasurable It shoWIS the numerical growth and anticipation and speculation. the geographical expansion of the

Christian movement, the number, loca- Christian Conference. Five Commistion and character of the institutions sions spent the greater part of two it has founded, and the successes years in studying different aspects of which it has thus far achieved. There the life of the Christian Church." is very much to encourage in the picture which it presents. A NATIONAL CHRISTIAN CONFER- ENCE WAS HELD IN SHANGHAI IN MAy. There is revealed a healthy growth and a steady raising of standards. The Conference was attended by some The Church is seen to be much six hundred Chinese delegates elected stronger and far more influential than by the different Church bodies, by a it was te'll years ago. Especially note- slightly smaller number of missionworthy is the evidence of the large aries elected by the missions in China, degree of cooperation and union be- and by representatives of the boards tween the one hundred and thirty of foreign missions abroad. different missions, and the working of the principles of comity agreed upon The Conference ushered in a new a few yl'ars ago. At the same time, era in the life of the Church in China. the survey makes it very clear that, The reports gave everyone a clearer as yei, little or no progress has been understanding of the combined made toward the development of an strength of the Christian forces. The indigenous Church in China. Instead, presence in the Conference of the the severai missions have partitioned officially elected delegates from prac- China among themselves, staking out tically every Christian group strengthdenominational spheres of influence in ened the sense of Christian solidarity which, apparently, as the inevitable and awakened the hope that the day accompaniment of their work of evan- was not far distant when all of the gelization, they have transplanted, for Christian forces represented might the most part, Western denomina- present a united front. New momentional churches. tum wag gained for the tasks that lay ahead. The report of the Educational Commission, sent to China in the au- The outstanding impression of the tumn of 1921 by the missionary boards Conference was undoubtedly the high of America and Great Britain, deals qualities of leadership shown by the in a constructive way with the exist- Chinese. The men chosen to fin the ing situation in mission education, most important offices in the Conferemphasizes the necessity of raising the ence were Chinese widely known and standards of elementary and second- honored. They had already won the ary school work and of correlating confidence of the missionary body. more closely the higher educational Many of the speakers were Chinese. work. It urges the development of Their loyal devotion to Christ, their one system of Christian education to cle-ar recognition of the fundamental serve all of the Churches. It lays Christian verities, their passionate great emphasis upon the necessity of longing to give their people the beneimproving the quality of the work fits of the Gospel, the discernment and done even though this means the clos- s~und ~udgment displayed by them in ing of some institutions. The great dlscussmg the task facing the Church, value of the Commission's work was and the masterly way in which the at once recognized, and the respon- officers of the Conference handled the sible authorities both in China and difficult situations that arose- conabroad are engaged in studying how vinced those present who had eyes to they can best carry out the recom- see and an understanding heart that mendations contained in the report. the old mission-centric period was fast ~assing, if it had not already com- The results of the third line of investigation are to be fonnd in the re- * NOTE: Copies of the report may be ordered ports prepared for the National through the Committee of Reference and Council 25 M.adison Av~.• New York, or through the S~andmg C~n:ll:l1lttee of the Conference of Mis- SIOnary SOCIetIes of Great Britain and Ireland Edinburgh House. 2 Eaton Gate. London S. W. 1:

pletely passed, and that we were step- work to an end and in making way for ping across the threshold of a new era. a more directly representative council.

The commission reports and ad- The new Council is not a Church dresses made it clear that there was a Court. It has no legislative functions whatever. It is merely a useful orwidespread feeling among Chinese ganization to bind together Chinese that the foreign character of t~e Church was hindering the more rapId and foreign Christians of every naspread of Christianity, and that the tionalitv and Church who are predevelopment of an indigenous Church pared to confer and work toge~her. should henceforth be made an essen- "The main purpose of the Coun!'Il as tial part of every missionary program. of every Christian agency is the re- The Chinese said very frankly that generation and spiritual upbuilding our Western denominational distinc- of individual men and w;omen and the tions did not interest them, and that permeating of all phases of life and a divided Church in China could not society with the teaching and inmeet the needs of the case. They fluence of Christ. It wtill seltk to called therefore, for more earnest deepen spiritual fellowship between efi'o'rt; toward Church union and its members and between representaurged that steps be taken to make the tives of the Churches. It will act Church more Chinese through the as a central bureau of informaraising up of more thoroughly trained stieoanr~hbeanad base for progressive reaCnhdinweose~eannda through giving such men a clearing house for new larger share in determin- tidheeas~ieawnsd will endeavor to express ing missionary as well as Church of the Churches and mis- policy. sions on great public. and moral ques- They called for a Church that tions on which there is a common mind. " would be thoroughly Christian and at the same time thoroughly Chinese- The Council maintains an office in Shanghai with a staff of two Chinese not American or British or Contin- secretaries of whom one is a woman, ental not Anglican, Baptist, Luth- and two fdreign secretaries, Bishop L. eran,' Presbyterian or Methodist, but H. Roots (American), Dr. Harry T.

Christian and Chinese.

A COMMITTEE OF ONE HUNDR.ED WAS Hodgkin (British). The Council is ELECTED by the Conference as a con- financed by cont.ributions from the covincing proof of the purpose of the Christians in China to move forward operating churches and missions. * together. This committee will serve IN 1922 FOR THE FIRST TIME IN ITS as a bond between the Chinese HISTORY THE WORLD STUDENT CHRIS- Churches and the missions. It was a TIAN FEDERATION MET IN CHINA. The distinct forward move. The name choice of China for this meeting was chosen for the neW organization was in recognition of the growth of Chris- "The National Christian Oouncil of tian influence in that country and of China. " In 1913 when the formation the increasing importance of China of such a council was proposed it was in the life of the world. There were found that the missionaries were nc.t six hundred Chinese delegates and yet convinced of the necessity of it. representatives from thirty other The China Continuation Committee countries. One important feature of was accordingly chosen as an ad-in- the meeting was its strong stand for terim body. Its nine years of service Christian internationalism. A Chinese proved that such a committee could was elected as Oriental Secretary of render valuable service without in any the Federation.

way infringing upon the righ~s fl:nd responsibilitie.s of the. authont.atlVe ·NOTE: The National Christian Conference put religious bO~I~S,. and. It a?co~dm~ly took the imtlative III brmgmg Its itself on TPcord nE: oPP'lsed 1.0 any development of a NatLmal Chinese Church that should not be in harIL'c.ny with a vital Christian Inter.. nationalism.

The publicity given by the press to MISSIONARY INSTITUTIONS IN CHINA the holding of the meeting of the Fed- was another important development. eration in the capital of China, the One of these was to Hong Kong Uniseat of the "New Thought Move- versity (British). Others were to ment," led to an attack by non- Nankai College in Tientsin (a semi- Christian Chinese on the Christian private college founded by Dr. Chang positions. This attack was part of a Po-ling) and South Eastern Univerbroader rationalistic movement which sity in Nanking (a Chinese governis questioning the validity of the ment institution). Both Dr. Chang claims of all religions and the founda- and Dr. P. W. Kuo, the president of tions of the whole order of Chinese South Eastern University are earnest society. It was a striking testimony Christian men, prominent in the shapto the growing influence of Christian ing of the Government's educational ideas on educated Chinese. Its effect policies. The China Medical Board on the Christian Church may well also made a grant to assist a group of prove beneficial rather than otherwise, young Chinese physicians in private for tlie attack is far more intelligent practice in developing a hospital. than pre'Vious attacks in the past, and should lead to a more intelligent THE COMPLETION OF THE NEW grasp by the Christians themselves of TESTAMENT IN THE NATIONALPHONETthe fundamental Christian positions, IC SCRIPT gave a new impetus to the and to more Christlike living. It also campaign for a Bible-reading Church makes imperative the preparation of as did also the provision to print the a new and much needed apologetic lit- Old Testament as well. Test classes in erature. teaching illiterate women in difl'eTent parts of North China proved that an THE YEAR SAW A NUMBER OF NOTE- illiterate adult of average intelligence WORTHY DEVELOPMENTS L"I EDUCATION. can learn to read in the phonetic in a The most important of these (apart few weeks' time, provided the local from the merit of the Educational dialect spoken does not vary greatly Commission ~lready referred to) was from the pronunciation of the "Kwoh the invitation from the educational yii" or national language. authorities of the Chinese Government to Dr. Paul Monroe, of Teachers' THE YEAR 1922 GAVE CHINESE College, New York, to VIsit China and CHRISTIANS FOR· THE FIRST TIME A to advise them with regard to their SENSE OF PROPRIETORSHIP IN THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. The churches educational system. When one con- had been and still were largely "missiders that it is the future education sion churches." While the heir was of one fourth of the human race that a child, the tutor had been the masteT. is at stake it is impossible to exaggerate the importance of the foundRL The National Christian Conference tions now being laid by the Chinese was the celebration of the heir becom- Government for its new educational ing of age. It changed the relationstructure. It is gratifying to know ship of missionary and Chinese Christhat several of the Chinese in educa- tians. The tutor is henceforth a guest tional positions of the highest author- in the home. As the year drew to a ity are Christians. close it saw the host and his guest, hand in hand, a new light of under- This invitation to Dr. Monroe is standing in their eyes, a new hope in part of a settled policy to seek in all their hearts and their faces uplifted important matters the advice of the toward the future, while over their highest authorities to be found in hends floats a banner on which in other lands. Chinese characters, copied from rub- bings of the tomb of Confucius, is in- THE DECISION OF THE CroNA MED- scribed the watchword of the Chinese ICAL BOARD OF THE ROCKEFELLER Church: "China for Christ." FOUNDATION TO MAKE GRANTS TO NON-

Woman's Foreign Mission

Editorial Committee: MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY, ALICE M. KYL.E, GERTRUDE SCHUL.TZ One of the beautiful new buildings may rejoice who had part in this beausecured during the Union College tiful undertaking. Campaign is completed. This lovely Indian chapel at Madras was dedi- Around the world, the colleges are cated July 9, 1923. The gift, which rising, expressing the love and Chriscame from a friend who was unwill- tian sympathy of American women for ing that her name should be known, the women of the Orient. has met a great need, and is a beautiful lesson as it stands in the ccnter We are so glad to know that the of the college compound making the Woman's Union Christian. College in Japan, which stands on a hill ten miles from the center of Tokyo, was THE NEW CHAPEL AT MADRAS CHRISTIAN COLLEGE religious life and worship of the col- not injured in the recent earthquake lege central in the whole life of ·the and fire. Money raised for the college girls. was not deposited in Oriental banks, The inscription on the tablet is as which are more or less uncertain, "but follows: has been kept in bonds in the Old "To THE GLORY OF GOD, THIS Colony Bank. Letters of credit were CHAPEr" THE GIFT OF AN UN- given to representatives in China, KNOWN AMERICAN FRIEND, WAS India and Japan which might be paid BUILT A. D. 1923." at any time. In this way, none of the Miss McDougall's description of money was lost in the Japan disaster.

the dedication has gone to the un- The treasurer recently said that all named giver who must rejoice, as all the expenses of handling the funds 1011

will be paid from the interest received ANNUAL MEETING OF FEDERAso that, of the money given for the TION colleges, not so much as a postage stamp will be held back from the field. 25 Madison Av'e., New YorK Those who have helped and who are JANUARY 5·8, 1924 so interested in the growth of these colle-ges will rejoice that every word Saturdll1l A. M., 10·12: 15-<Meeting of the from them is a good word. Executive Committee.

We are aIL'{ious about the student Saturday P. M., 2·4: 15- Report on Student body in Tokyo. We cannot know, per- Work and Foreign Students in America. haps for a long time, how many of them lost their lives or all they have Discussion: The Religious and Missionary suffered, and we shall not know Situation among the Students in our whether they can return to college. American Colleges. Many of them are utterly destitute The Foreign Student Situation in the and will not have the means to come. U. S. What can we do about iU For that reason, we are earnestly hoping that those who can will send to Evening Supper: Oxfo,rd Conference: the treasurer of our Union Colleges Internationalism and American Reac· gifts for ~cholarships. Even with the tion. higher priees, $150 will give a girl The Condition of the Protestant college training, board and tuition, for Cause in Europe and our Responsibility. a year in Tokyo. Will not many send that amount to help girls to finish Sunday, 3: 3[)·5: CHRISTIAN INTERNATIONtheir course and be ready for the great ALISM: Leading speakers. Also two· work of rebuilding Japan, spiritually minute speeches by distinguished Ori· as well as materially' Indeed, all of entals. our colleges will welcome these scholarships. Ten thousand dollars Monday, 10·]2: 15: RBLATI()INSIDP OF FEDinvested in a scholarship fund in ERATION: To Boards, to City Federaconservative securities would pro- tions, to Schools of Missions. duce a scholarship for four years. Weare also seeking professor- Discussion: Uniting our Treasuries. Unused Resources. ships, and have already received the. Study Books for 1924; led by Mrs. promise of one. For an investment of Silverthorn. $2~;UOO, we can provide the salary of Federation of Christian Women of the a teacher perpetually in one of the World, Mrs. Henry W. Peabody. colleges. These are great opportunities and ought to appeal to those who 2-4: 15: Discussion: The Scope and are internationally minded or who be- Place of Distinctive Woman's Organi· lieve that women should have an op- zations for Missions in the Changing portunity to fit themselves for Chris- Order. Led by Mrs. Thonuts NichOlson. tian service or those who are interested in perpetuating the great work which 8 P. M.: 'LAw ENFORCEMENT: Ad· dresses by Ron. Mabel Walker Wille· our mothers founded in all our for- brandt, Washington, D. C.; Mrs. Tilton, eign mission fields. That work, some Mrs. White; Mrs. Bennett; in the day, must pass into the hands of these Town Hall, 113 West 43d St., New men and women whom we are train- York. ing. Let us he sure that they receive the Christian training of these col- Discussion: How to Develop Oriental leges rather than the non-Christian Christian Colleges,: Have we any fur· influence of the Government schools. ther responsibmty f Christian Literature in Foreign Lands: What is the next step'

The Council of Women for Home Missions has been invited to cooperate in the Monday evening meeting on Law Enforcement, which will be of intense interest to all women citizens. It is rather depressing to hear the statement made that if the Church women had been alert and had exercised their rights to vote in New York state the Mullan-Gage Bill would not have been repealed.

There .is a close relationship between the present situation of lawlessness in America today and our attempt to give a message of hope and goodwill to the nations of the earth. We are interested as foreign mission workers,

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

in all movements toward internation- Christian Association. Men are welalism. We were struck, however, with come as well as women. the pertinent remark of a woman who was urged to adopt the principle, A crisis is before us. Every force "Substitute law for war." She asked, of evil is mobilized to break down with reason, "Is America in a position Prohibition and Law Enforcement. to make that statement just at pres- Christian women, known as "rockent? If she cannot enforce her laws ing-chair saints," have no right to within her own borders according to protection and no claim to sainthood her constitution. what law has she to or citizenship unless they know the offer the world T" facts and help to save America by changing public opinion and through Other matters of vital importance their votes. to all our Boards will be presented at this meeting of the Federation in J an- The world is watching America. uary. An invitation is extended to We who represent the great groups of members of Boards and leaders in our women who, through sixty years, have women's mIssIOnary organizations, organized and worked and given great local, state and nat.ional, to att€'lld all gifts for Christian Internationalism sessions, except those of the Executive (another name for Foreign Missions), Committee. must see that America is fit to rally the nations for righteousness. An invitation is extended to all Women's Boards of Foreign Missions A clip sheet ia published by the Law Enforce.. and their officers, with any district or ment Committee and can be secured from the state board· members or officers, to National Ofli'ce, 302 Ford Building, BostOD, participate in the annual meeting and Mass., or from your Women's Board. Books in discussions of the Federation. quantity may be ordered from the same address.

The public meeting on Christian Do not wait for a State Committee. Begin Internationalism will be held on Sun- in your town with your Church women's or· day afternoon, (January 6th) when gan~ations, Rome aud Foreign, your club, the subject of a World Federation of your Parent Teacher, King's Daughters, Christian Women will be presented W. C. T. U. Get together and plan your by Mrs. Peabody. Save America. Campa.ign. The material for programs is in the book. The clip sheet At the public meeting at Town tells how to use it. Hall, Monday evening, on behalf of Law Enforcement in America, Hon- WOMAN'S NATIONAL COMMITTEE orable Mabel Walker Willebrandt, Assistant Attorney-General of the FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT United States, will speak on Law Enforcem€11t and American Women. We take the opportunity of print- Mrs. Elizabeth Tilton, author of ing the announcement of "Save "Save America" and Legislative America" which will be used as a Chairman of Parent-Teacher Associa- study book, in addition to those on tion, and Mrs. Edward Franklin foreign and home mission topics. White, Legislative Chairman of General Federation of Women's Clubs, "Save America" (128 pp.) is full will also speak. This will be a notable of the most interesting and important meeting in which many leaders of the material colleated by the best expert affiliated national societies and fed- along this line. Mrs. Elizabeth Tilerations of women will have part. ton, of Cambridge, Mass., is well This meeting is under the Women's known through her articles in The National Committee for Law Enforce- Survey, her distinguished service on ment and is called by the Federation the Woman's Joint Congrel'lSional of Women's Foreign Mission Socie- Committee, and her position as Legisties, the Council of Women for Horne lative Chairman of the Congress of Missions and the Young Women's Mothers and Parent-Teacher Associ- ations. There are also articles by the following authorSr-Mrs. Kathleen Norris, Hon. Mabel Willebrandt, Ida Tarbell, Mary Anderson, Professor Henry Farnam, Professor Albert Bushnell Hart, and Judge William Boardman. Perhaps the most impor-

tant of all are Mrs. Tilton's articles. Ammunition for the battle, arguments, facts, In the one on Race Survival she statistics of every sort, with clarified statestates that the two great enemies of the race, according to Richard Cob- ments of the present situation, political and otherwise" (4) Programs for clubs, churches, piazza groups; debates, e·te, All to work den, are alcoholic liquor and war. He towards Registration Rallies in the spring stated in 1855 that America was prob- of J924–object to get every last law-abidably the place where the battle for race survival would be fought out, if ing citizen registered. Save America Ral- lies in Odober, 1924, every last dry to the polls voting right.

America did not become too choked Register! Enroll! Votel with prosperity. 25 cents, SelI a million 4'Save America.u Many women do not realize that 302 Ford Bu.ilding. Boston) Masl!.

this battle is still on in America. The EVERYLAND victory may be decided this year. CHRISTMAS IS Oo~nNG! Have yon sub- scribed to the best Christmas preseut for Are we women ready for the test of boys and girls, the magazine Everylani17 ourcitiz€'llship 1 We have the organizations in our Home and Foreign Mis- It is the only one with the definite objec- tive, W:orld Friendship. It is Christian. It sionary Societies to the last frontier. tells wonderful stories of Home and Foreign Missions and World Peace. Children love it, We have local women who will re- Onr Boards have promised to stand by_ spond if their Boards call them to meet this situation. You are not doing your duty unless you see that the children of your Church and homes We quote from the circular issued have Everyland. by the Woman's National Committee Subscription $1.50 a year. Headquarters -E1Je'I'yland, West Medford, Massachusetts. for Law Enforcement. 'Vondcrful premiums are offered, an il- THE 19TH AMElNDMENT CoMES TO THE RES- lnminated message for your boy and girl to OUE OF THE 18TH AMENDMENT be framed and hung in the room, beautiful The Woman's National Committee. for pictures. Send for premium list· and send Law Enforcement has been formed to put your SUbscription as soon as possible for Everyland. Do you want World Peace~ Allegiance to the Constitution and Observ- Then educate your children in World Friendance of Law into the heart of every Amer- ship which is a part of world-wide Chris- tian missions. ican eitizen and to work for the enforcement of all law with special stress on the Prohi- bition Law, that being today the front where What the Christmas Bell Said the battle against lawlessness must be By MARGARET R. SEEBACH waged.

The Committee has affiliated with it the "I ring the bells," said the Christmas bell, following organizations all of which have "The whole wide world around; passed strong enforcement resoJuUons- Each bell that rings for peace or joy General Federation of Women'8 Clubs, Has caught my silver sound.

Young Women's Christian Assoeiation, Con- gress of Mothers and Parent-Teacher Asso- "I hush the jangling temple bells ciations, American Legion Auxiliary, Fed- That tell of woe aud sin; el'ation of Women's Boards of Foreign I ring them ont of every land, Missions, Conncil of Women for Home Mis- I ring the Christ-child in.

sions, International Order of King's Daugh- ters, National Council of Women, Woman's "The church bells ring because of me; Christian Temperance Union. Becanse I ehime His birth, This war for enforcement of law, the The sounds of Sabbath chimes go out Committee realizes, must, in the last analy- To circle all the earth_ sis, be won at the polls, for law enforce- .ment officials are either elected or appointed "The school bells ring because of me- by elected officials. The Committee, has, Al! knowledge comes from Him; therefore, prepared a tool for producing in They tinkle on beneath the Star 1924 an avalanche law and order vote, that That never shall grow dim.

'sball secnre dry officials from President down to the last Alderman. This tool is a book "The joy-bells ring for every heart, Because of Him who came entitled To save the dark and weary world "'Save America." From ignorance and shame_ edited by Elizabeth Tilton, ProgrartIB by Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, Chairman of the "Then ring with happy chime today General Committee.· "Save America" tells The school bells of Japan, (1) What leading women think about Pro- And teach her gentle maids to know hibition, (2) How to enfores the law, (3) The blessed Son of Man I "

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK THE CHRISTMAS CHILD , nity trust, due to the fact that behind The little Child J esllS, all smiling and sweet, it are the commercial interests of large Lies in a cold manger, Wise Men at his feet. financial inst.itutions which desire to retain within their own administration o 'erhead in the sky, rays stretched to the the estates and deposits of their cus- tomers after these customers have earth, Shines the Bethlehem star that tells of His birth.

Chant praises, shout welcome, died. Exultantly sing I Second, already some of the more Hail with glad greeting sagacious administrators of these com- The Christ.(,'hild our King. munity trusts have discovered that The little Child Jesus, asleep in the hay, the community trust is not broad enough in its scope to command the Brought from the Father a guide to the full confidence of men who think in terms of human welfare and continu- Way- ing approval. Some are already mak- ing modifications of the principles The Way we must travel, the pathway of upon which they were originally es- Love, Come, follow the Light that shines from above I -K. N. B.

WISE PUBLIC GIVING tablished, in order that they may be From the report of the Committee on Trusts the custodians of larger benefits than of the Home Missions Council and Council of Women for Home MissiQns for 1922, Charles those which pertain solely to the com- L. White. chairman. munity.

In January, 1922, the Home Mis- Third, already in one community sions Council and Council of Womffi where the community trust has been for Home Missions appointed a small established, two groups of men related committee, which was called the Com- to the management of the community mittee on Trusts, whose duties how- trust have deemed it desirable to or- ever have been much broader than the ganize, outside of this community name indicates. Thil:l committee has trust, separate trusts for the adminis- held two largely attended conferences tration of funds designed for religious composed of treasurers and financial purposes. One large financial insti- secretaries of missionary boards and tution entered into a community trust other religious organizations at which agreement and laterwithdrew from it, the following subjects were con- clearly recognizing that the plan was sidered: Systems of accounting, an- not broad enough to satisfy the legit- nuities, community trusts and the imate needs of its constituency Uniform Trust for Public Uses, uni- t.hrough any considerable lapse of form legislation affecting missionary time.

benevolences, and publicity in the in- Fourth, one of the most prominent terest of annuities, bequests and dona- financiers of the country pointed out tions to missionary objects. the perilous possibilities for the phil- Community Trusts anthropies of the country and the world at large, if the community trust The plan of community trusts, idea were to hold in a city like New which was inaugurated in Cleveland York, where much more than one half in 1914 and has been adopted in over of the fluid wealth of the country is forty cities of the country, has been in centered, and benefits were only to use long enough to justify certain accrue to the residents of New York.

conclusions. l!"ifth, the principle embodied in the First, there is very serious peril in- community trust, in accordance with volved in the growth of the commu- which the benefits of a donation or a 1021

bequest may in later years be trans.. and character, having power to accept ferred from an object no longer pos- trusts for its own purposes and suitsible to maintain, to some other object able equipment for the management which is c10gely related to the original of trust funds, he may wisely make intentions, under the direction of a his donations and bequests directly committee qualified to make decisions, to such corporation as trustee for has been proven of great and abiding such purpose. value. The possibility of substituting one benefit for another kindred to it (b) W:hen a persun contemplates obviates all of the infelicities and in- the creation of a trust for some charijustices which have been so well- table object and is uncertain as to the known under the common designation precise methods of carrying his purof "the grip of the dead hand." pose into eifectorcontemplates benefit- ing a class of persons, an organization The Uniform Trust or a group of organizations, the per- petuity or management of which may .A plan entitled The Uniform Trust be open to question – in these and for Public Uses, has been drawn by similar cases of doubt and uncertainty Daniel S. Remsen of New York City, -he may wisely make his donations an expert in the preparation of wills. and bequests to a suitable trust com- This plan embodies within it the prin- pany or bank, having trust powers, ciples last mentioned respecting the which is prepared to receive trusts substitution of a vital interest for under an agreement known as The a dead interest when conditions, Uniform Trust for Public Uses, and through the lapse of time, have alto- thus avail himself of suitable progether changed from those which ex- visions therein made for future isted when a donation or bequest adjustments and adaptations safebecame established as a trust. The guarding his original intentions and Uniform Trust for Public Uses has tending to reduce causes for litigation been submitted to a large number of to a minimum. legal advisers. In its final form the plan has met general approval from One of the great benefits of The many official and legal advisers of Uniform '!'rust for Public Uses is that Protestant, Catholic and Jewish or- it may be in use all over the country, ganizations and also from many may be known in every part of the financial institutions, some of them land, and lends itself to common unthe largest and most influential in the derstanding and common publicity. country. The benefits of this trust plan will accrue, not to that large majority of The following statements express our people who know exactly what the sentiment of a conference of treas- they wish to do and are proposing to urers and financial secretaries of mis- make our organizations the custodians sionary boards: of their funds, but to that small minority of individuals scatteTed 1. As a general rule philanthropic throughout the country, who are more purposes can best be promoted by or less detached from church relationdirect and absolute donations and be- ships, and yet through inheritance or quests to suitable institutions engaged tradition, or in some other way, have in the desired work. a desire to benefit the objects for which the Boards exi:>t and without 2. If a public. benefactor does not knowing precisely how to do it, turn wish to make an absolute donation or to the trust company or bank with bequest but desires to create a trust which they have .for a long: time been he should do so preferably under one doing business and make them their of the following plans: trustees or seek their counsel and ad- vice. In such cases, if The Uniform (a) When a person has clearly in Trust for Public Uses has been mind a definite object for which he adopted by the trust company or the desires to create a trust and that object is cared for wisely and well by a suitable corporation of permanence

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

bank which is consulted, then the pos- absolute gifts and gifts in trust for sibilities are at hand for the inten- charitable purpose; tions of the donor or the testator to be carried out in the interest of non- 5. By furnishing forms of and inlocal objects. formation concerning gifts during life as well as devises and bequests suit- There are valuable services which able for various charitable purposes; the community trust can render to its own community. The Uniform Trust 6. By encouraging a sound policy for Public Uses me€ts equally the same in the selection, constitution and operlocal needs and at the same time makes ation of committees and other agencies full provision for non-local benefits of for distribution of funds to be shared a wider scope, both national and world-wide, in which missionary or- by a group of charities Ci. e. to superganizations are interested. vise uniform trusts within certain Central Body for Advice fields) ; At one of the conferences an expres- 7. By encouraging the making of sion of opinion was formulated as better wills with a view to the prefollows: vention of unnecessary litigation Cco- operating with State Bar Associations There should be created a Bureau, and similar bodies) ; Committee or Association for the Promotion of Better Wills and Wiser 8. By furnishing the cooperating Pnblic Giving to represent and speak agencies a codification of the laws of for and work in the interests of the the various states covering wills, legabodies which compose the Home Mis- cies, inheritances, taxes, etc. sions Conncil and Council of Women for Home Missions, which may grow Financial and Fiduciary Matteu to include the Foreign Missions Oonference of North America, the Coun- The Annual Meeting of the Home cil of Church Boards of Education, Missions Council and Council of the Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. C. A., and Women for Home Missions in Janany Protestant denomination or de- uary, 1923, appointed a Committee nominational board. on Financial and Fiduciary Matters, to succeed the Committee on Trusts. H may render important services: Thii:! committee gives attention to 1. By formulating canons of wise all of the interests related to these public giving; subjects, and seeks the fullest co- operation possible between mission- 2. By encouraging the intelligent ary, educational, and philanthropic understanding of the broad field of organizations. charitable purposes and the portions and classes of the human race requir- Correspondence', which is cordially ing assistance, with a view to aiding invited, may be addressed to the Home in the selection of wise charitable pur- Missions Council, 156 Fifth Avenue, poses and means of benefaction; New York, N. Y.

3. By furnishing information re- The leaflet, "Wise Public Giving," may be garding agencies for the promotion obtained from the Home Missions Council for of charitable purposes generally or in 4 cents, $4.00 per 100; also the pamphlet, particular fields of charity, including "Annuity Funds for Missionllry Work," 6 cents, corporate names, etc.; $4.50 per 100.

4. By furnishing information as to TO GIVE IS TO LIVE the advantages and disadvantages of He is dead whose hand is not open wide To help the need of a humau brother, He doubles the leugth of a life-long ride Who gives his fortunate place to another; And a thousand million lives are his Who carries the world in his sympathies, To give is to live.-Lowo!!.

FROM ,MANY

NORTH AMERICA are 1,700,000 members in these Pres- The lVeek of Prayer byterian churches in the United T HE annual week of prayer for the States. churches is set for January 6 to 12 inclusive. The Federal Council of National Missions Conferencc T the Churches of Christ in America HE Board of National Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the asks all Christians to observe this week at this time of great need for u. S. A., which has come into existence temporal and spiritual wisdom and as a result of the reorganization of the for the manifestation of God's power various boards of that church, held in in all parts of the world. Pray for New York City September 20th to the purity, unity and peace of the 26th a conference composed of execu- Church of Christ, for the regeneration tives and staff counselors of the board, of individuals and the reformation of together with representatives from society, for more evidence of Christ- each synod and also from certain like love and more self-sacrificing designated presbyteries. Under this devotion to the cause of Christ call 105 men and women came together throughout the world. in this conference.

The main topics suggested for ser- These represented a personnel of mons and prayer services have to do 4,445, conducting 7,700 different en- with thanksgiving, repentance and terprises within what is to be in the intercession concerning the Church future jurisdiction of the Board of universal, the nations and their lead- National Missions. The principal ers, foreign missions, education, the work of the conference was the prep- home and the youth, and home mis- aration of the budget of askings for sions. Copies of the circular, con- the coming year, the year 1924-25.

taining lists of topics and Bible Other matters of importance also came references, may be secured from the before the Council, such as a unified Colinoil at 105 East 22d Street, New promotional program for the Board York City, of National Missions, a projected building program covering a period Presbyterian Missions in Peril of five years, and organizational sug- AC.ALL has gone out to Presbyteri- gestions for carrying out the work of ans to make sacrificial gifts in the National Board of Missions order to prevent disaster to the mis- through synods and presbyteries.

sionary work of the Church. Owing to expenses incurred during the war, and Conference of Governors to other causes, a deficit of $657,187.57 GOVERNORS of thirty-two states has been accumulated. If this is not and two territories assembled in provided for from increased gifts, it Washington on October 20th, at the will mean the closing of stations and call of President Coolidge, to con- the curtailing of the work in a way sider the subject of law enforcement, that will involve disgrace, if not dis- and in particular the enforcement of aster. The Board of Foreign Missions the prohibition laws.

calls earnestly upon the members of Speeific problems in which the the Church to avert this catastrophe states and the nation can cooperate, by making sacrificial offerings with a as outlined by the President, have 33% increase over last year. There respect to the smuggling of aliens into 1024 the United States, the regulation and be required to appoint their represale of narootic drugs, and prohibi- sentatives and the first meeting of a tion. Attorney General Daugherty General Council, elected according to and Prohibition Commissioner Haynes the constitution and method of the also spoke to the governors, reempha- United Church, will be held. The prosizing the President's plea for state vision made for the governing bodies cooperation in law enforcement. of the United Church consISts of an interesting combination of the polities The governors pledged their sup- of the three churches. The unit of port to the following program: organization is the" pastoral charge," which may consist of more than one 1. Coordination of all federal, state, local church, and be governed by an county and municipal forces. official board, made up of a session and a committee of stewards. The 2. A caU on the press to support prohibi. next higher body is to be called a pres- tion law enforcement, stress law observance, bytery, and consist of the ordained and treat the enforcement program in a ministers and an equal number of non- manner commensurate with the gravity of ministerial representatives. The con- lawlessness. ference, meeting annually, and con- sisting of the ministers on the rolls of 3. A summoning of conventions of the presbyteries and an equal number municipal, county and. state enforcement of non-ministerial representatives, officials at convenient dates to discuss and constitutes the link between the pres- adopt a program for the state, the federal bytery and the General Council, which government pledging every possible support is to meet once in two years. to these eClUventions. A Useful School for Aliens 4. A eall on prosecuting attorneys to confer, the governors pledging support with ~~THE School for Practical Arts" every faeility to aid in such discussions. for immigrants and their chil- 5. Adoption of all practieable means to dren, was founded in Old Concord, cause lawless citizens and aliens to respect near Washington, Pennsylvania, in the majesty and sanctity of the law and 1920, by the Presbytery of Washing- the various agencies enforcing it. ton as an interdenominational enter- prise. It is an industrial and farm 6. Cooperation by national authorities in school for which 370 acres of land all these activities. were donated by the Rogers family. The support comes from voluntary 7. Education of children to the evils of contributions. Last year it cared for the use of alcohol through the superin- twenty-five boys and girls, ranging in tendents of instruction in the public sehools. age from ten to twenty-six, and from the first grade to high school. Many The United Church of Canada can speak no English and therefore could not attend public schools. THE organization by the Presby- terian, Methodist and Congrega- The institute takes the pupils out of tional Churches of the United Church evil environment, teaches them Engof Canada, was discussed in the Sep- lish,gives them Christian instruction tember REVIEW. Certain legislation and trains them for· useful tra:ies. must be passed by the Parliament of Canada and the provincial legisla- 'rne trustees are prominent pastors, tures, to give effect in the civil law educators and business men of Washto the union. When the proposed ington, Pittsburgh, Wheeling, Clevelegislation has been secured, the 350 land and elsewhere. The president is members of the first General Council, Dr_ Joseph W. Dunbar, the secretary, for whose appointment provision has Rev. C. L. McKee of Washington, Pa., already been made by the three unit- and the treasurer, Professor O. F. H. 'ing Churches, will meet and will have Bert. two years, if necessary, within which to organize the United Church on the lines laid down in the "BII.!!is oI Union. " All existing courts, committees, boards, etc., will continue to function as at present until the reorganization is effected. Within two t"ears after the meeting or the first General Council the newly ol'ganized conferences of the United Church will 5

The curriculum is adapted to the received by Dr. W. O. Forbes of needs of these foreigners and the cost Seattle, superintendent for home mis- of tuition and board is very low. The sions of Washington Synod. Nearly greatest need of aliens in America is $2,500 has already been subscribed.

practical Christian education. This -The Continent.

will make them assets and not liabili- ties. The institute greatly needs ad- Southern Women Fight Lynching A ditional funds to furnish adequate T the annual meeting in Atlanta of the Commission on Interracial equipment and support for this important work. Cooperation, the woman's section of The Gideons' Bibles the Commission brought in a vigorous paper on lynching and asked the Com- THE society of Christian traveling mission to authorize that the matter men known as the Gideons has be brought to the attention of the placed in hotels of the United States various women's organizations of the and Canada 558,619 Bibles. The South and that they all be asked to largest number, 54,916, have been cooperate in a sustained and syste- placed in the hotels of Illinois. Other matic efl'ort to eradicate this great States follow in this order: California, evil. The Commission, which has been 46,266; Pennsylvania, 36,679; Ohio, constantly at work to this end, gladly 36,464; Iowa, 25,929; Texas, 25,399; gave its approval to the plan by un- Michigan, '21,5il3; and New Jersey, animously adopting the resolutions 20,059. presented by the women, which were "This, " comments the Watchman- in part as follows: Exanvi.ner, "is a noble and praise- Resolved, That we deplore the failure of worthy work. We wonder how many state governments to handle this, the most conspicuous enemy to justice and righteousof these Bibles are really read. The ness, and the most fiagrantviolation of the Gideons hear of many who read them, Constitution of our great nation, and that and many who are recalled to better we definitely set ourselves to the task of living by these Bibles." creating such seutiment as is possible to us in each State of our territory to the end Memorial to Pioneers that not only sufficient laws shall be enacted to enable the trusted officers of the law to THE name of Dr. Marcus Whitman, pioneer missionary to the North- discharge their full duty, but to secure the enforcement of the laws now in existence.

west Territory, has become famous, but his associates are less widely Indian Medicine Men M known. Dr. and Mrs. Whitman and ISS FRANCES DENSMORE, of the bureau of ethnology of the Dr. and Mrs. H. H. Spalding were the first Protestant missionaries in Smithsonian Institute, who has that region, the ladies being, as one made long study of the methods of inscription puts it, "the first white Indian medicine men, says that they females to cross the Rocky Moun- use music to treat both physical and tains." In 1847 Mrs. Whitman and mental or nervous disorders, its main Dr. Spalding were massacred' by appeal lying in the power of rhythm.

Cayuse Indians, and three years later Some l!Iedicine men give herbs and Mrs. Spalding died, never having com- sing to make them efl'ective; others pletely recovered from the shock of sing to the patient, but do not make the crime, for which she believed the use of herbs. Sometimes the Chip- Jesuit missionaries to be responsible. pewa doctor sings: " You will recover, The Christian people of the North- you will walk again. It is 1 who say west have not forgotten the memory it. My power is great." This is for of these martyrs, and have been ac- patients unable to walk. There are cumulating a fund to erect a suitable different songs for different ailments, monument to Dr. and Mrs. Spalding. A Yuma medicine man said: "After The money for this purpose is being singing my fourth song, I always ask

NEWS PROM MANY LANDS

the patient if he feels better. The Orientals in Vancouver sick man has always said that he felt better. " A song is usually sung four THE many Chinese and Japanese in times, then there is a pause, and the Vancouver and other parts of song is again sung four times. Some- British Columbia constitute a mistimes there is no singing, but a drum sionary opportunity, of which Miss is beaten or a rattle shaken. Here the Hellaby, of the Anglican Chinese throbbing rhythm is depended on to Mission, writes: "The living condihold the attention of the patient. The tiolls of the Chinese are largely re- Indians are masters of rhythm, says sponsible for the vices to be found Miss Densmore, and she believes they among them. 'Vhen they come here could teach the white race something they are generally young and inex- .about its curative power. perienced, probably never having been away from their. native village before. On the Mexican Border They are cut off from the examples and influences that have guided them THE missionary work of the M. E. hitherto, and from all semblance of Church at Mexicali met with a home life, and lodge in crowded quarserious loss when a $2,000,000 fire ters with men whose morals are neceswiped out the center of this important sarily of a very mixed description. point on our Mexican border and, with Their mental and spiritual equipment many other buildings, destroyed both are pitifully slender compared with the Chinese· and Mexican churches the demands made upon them, so there. Th'e Chinese plant had been in there is small wonder if before long use only about two years and served a they acquire the habits of their asgroup of several thousand Chinese sociates, not always from choice, and engaged in the raising of cotton and with many an inward struggle. Those in other pursuits in the Imperial interested in the distribution of drugs Valley. Most of them are men and induce these young people to form a many of them young men in great taste for them, so that they will do the need of friendship and guidance. At work of distribution in order to obpresent temporary quarters are being tain wherewith to supply their own used, but they must soon be vacated. needs, and when anyone is caught and English classes form an important brought to justice it is generally one part of the work here, and one of the who is himself a victim of others who regular attendants at these classes is remain safely in the background." the secretarv to the Governor of Lower California.• Next door to this Chinese LATIN AMERICA church stood the Methodist Mexican mISSIon. The building used was a Child Labor Banned in Mexico rented structure, but its destruction has caused serious embarrassment to SENOR F. ROEL, New York Conthe work. Following the fire a poor sul General from Mexico, speaking Mexican woman offered the use of her at the International Humane Confersmall home made of sticks and grass, ence, which met in New York City in and services are being held in it at October, said that 1,500,000 children present. A home must be provided between the ages of four and fourteen for this Mexican group. All of this have been liberated from a working work is directed by the workers from day lasting from dawn until nightfall the mission in Calexico, California, by the child labor provision of the which forms practically one commun- Mexican Constitution. Under the ity with Mexicali, although the two Com;titution, a maximum day's work places are separated by a more or less for children between twelvc and sixinvisible international line. The teen years of age is six hours, the Con- Methodist Church is entirely respon- sul said, and child labor under the sible for the Mexican as well as the age of twelve has been abolished, Chinese work here. while the Government is rapidly es- tablishing both day and night schools

for the development of these children, have destroyed religious liberty and who, he added, in the days of peonage closed all non-Romanist public wor- were driven to prolonged labor which ship. But the Peruvian Congress dwarfed them physically, mentally would not approve the concordat, The and morally. 'Roman Catholic archbishop theI). 1I0n- ceived another sehe'llle for accomplisl1- Progress in South America ing the s'arne end without having to W H. PEARCE, Associate General submit it to the "godless" Congrel!ll. • Secretary of the World's Sun- r~ast summer, with the President's apday School Association, writes after a proval, he announced that he WaS recent tour in South America, of the development he observed along var- going to consecrate the whole Peru- vian people to the Sacred Heart of ious lines: Jesus. That meant that every Peru- "Progress is being made in temper- vian would be understood individually an ce reform. A striking instance is the leadership of President Alassandri to have committed himself to "the of Chile. He himself is a total ab- Sacred Heart." The students of the stainer and an avowed advoeate of prohibition. During the recent Pan- University and the five thousand American conference at Santiago, he gave a dinner to the delegates from workingmen who are in university ex- the United States and served no strong tension COilrses -immediately protested.

drinks. Judge of my indignation to They arranged f()r a procession Ie'am that afterwards a dinner was and public meeting. As the pro- cession rna-rched up the stre~ts of Lima given by Mr. Fletcher, leader of the it was halted and fired upon. A *stu- U. S. delegation, and drinks were dent and a workman were killed. The served. President Alassandri was government soldiers tried to get pospresent and turned down his glass. session of the bodies, intending to " Considerable progress is being give them a quick and secret burial made in behalf of education. Increas- and so prevent any d€'lllonstration in ingly large plans are being made to connection with the funeral. But the provide public schools. We saw students and workmen secured the scho()l buildings that w()uld do credit to any community or nation. The re- bodies and all night long, more than quirements for the professions are be- a hundred strong, they guarded tl1em ing continually raised. Opportunities inside of the university building. for agricultural and mechanical edu- They threatened to burn the Univercation are also being multiplied. But sity sooner than surrender the bodies, it is most difficult for South American At two a. m. the President of the Releaders, bound by tradition and training to a policy of education of the public came and called off the soldiers. leaders only, t() become enthusiastic in The next day something like ten thoubehalf of universal education. And so sanrl people formed a great procession long as from sixty to eighty per cent at the fune·ral of the martyrs. Soon of the people are illiterate, religious after notices appeared that the plan to consecrate the population had been given up. The archbishop himself took an early ship for Rome.

-(Jhri.~tian Wark.

education is m()re difficult." . Ene:mies Reconciled Religious Liberty in Peru REV. ANGEL ARCHILLA tells in the Latin American Evangilist THE President of Peru is so ardent the story of two Veneozuelans who had a clerical that he attempted last been bitter enemies for many ydeaayrs~ spring to get the Peruvian Congress seeking each other's lives. One to adopt a concordat between Peru native evangelist called at the home and the Vatican. The concordat would of one of them, opened the Bible and have re-established in Peru the status began to read the Sermon on the there before 1910. Practically it would Mount. The- people of the house were

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 1()29

very much interested in the stranger Dr. Nightingale said that in Eng- and his message, but when he read the land there was a Federal Council of words of Jesus, "Love your enemies," Churches, but that it could deal only this man turned pale, and said, with ecclesiastical matters and could "There is only one man in Venezuela not touch any of the public questions and in the whole world, whom I can- of the day. Just now the great theme not either love or bless or pardon. For of the Council is the union of the the rest, I like it all, it is very Anglican and the Free Churches, the precious. " , fate of which is not determined and The evangelist, seeing him so moved, the issues of which tremble in the invited him to kneel with him in balance.

prayer; and when they rose from their knees the man who had so hated Eva.ngeU.m in London T his enemy was able to pardon him, to HE month of October was given over in London to evangelistic love him, and to bless him sincerely and from his heart. The story of this meetings under the auspices of the marvellous change soon reached the Metropolitan Federation of Free ears of the other man, who thought he Churches. The leaders were Bev. would find out what had wrought the Douglas Brown and Rev. Lionel supposed miracle and bought a Bible ]<'let~her, and their efforts were richly that he might see for himself. He blessed. Mr.· Fletcher stated in the searched for the Sermon on the Mount opeoning days of the campaign that its and having found it, read it oveor and object was not so much the holding of over again. Then, without dagger, or a series of gospel meetings as such, gun, or 'fIUIchete, his only weapon the as an attempt to awaken the churches Word of God, he started out to find the man that had been his enemy. to a proper sense of their responsi. And these two who for long years had bility to win the outsider for Christ. lived with the one thought of killing At the ministerial conferences which each other, now, moved by the love of were held, both missioners were deep- Christ, embraced each other as broth- ly impressed with the enthusiasm, esers pardoned and reconciled. pecially of the younger ministers. They are anxious for some new form EUROPE of evangelism to meet the changed ctmditions of the day. Several of these Councll of English Churches ministerial conferences included the REV. THOMAS NIGHTINGALE, Anglican clergy. In several of the D.D., general secretary of the Na- districts t.hey united with the Free tional Council of the Free Churches Churches in furthering the campaign of Great Britain, gave two addresses by local simultaneous missions, in on "Christian Unity" this autumn in some cases extending over several New York City under the joint aus- weeks. The campaign aroused napices of the Christian Unity Founda- tional interest.-The Life of Faith.

tion and the New York Federation of Churches. He spoke of the council of The Bible in IrelaDd C Christian churches in England, which ONSIDERABIJE light on the con- dition of Roman Catholicism in includes Roman Catholics and the Salvation Army, and said that its mem- ll.'eland and also its social relation to bers are agreed on four lIUItters of Protestantism may be obtained from social legislation, the gaining of the the 74th annual report (1922-23) of first of which they owe to Lady Astor: the Societ~' for Irish Church Missions That no intnxieating drink shall be sold to the Roman Catholics, with which is to. youth under eighteen 'Years of age; local incorporated the Scripture Readers' option fnr England and Wales; Sunday closing o.f public houses; placing social Society and the Irish Society. This clubs under the same police supervision as society dates back to 1846, when the earnest effort began to be undertaken the public houses.

to promote Reformation principles in show many signs of vitality. Yearly Ireland, largely through the distribu- conferences are held for the deepention of the SeripJures. Work is car- ing of spiritual life and there is an ried on in English and Irish. It is increasing desire for Christian unity. regarded as a link between the Epis- The- Bible and other Christian litercopal churches in Ireland and Eng- ature exercise a great influence on all land, to the latter of which it looks classes and one third of the newsfor a large share of comfort and sup- papers are avowedly Christian. As in port. Last year's report is distinctly other countries, religious education optimistic. A wave of revival blessing needs to he safeguarded against the swept over the North of Ireland, and inroads of rationalistic unbelief. the agents of the Scripture Readers' Society were happily engaged in help- The missionary interest of Swedish ing to shepherd the results. Hun- Churches is evidenced by the activity dreds of men and women have been in SC341dinavia and in foreign lands. raised to newness of life, and the The Lapps were evangelized by King Scripture readers. who work among Gustavus Vasa and other foreign work them are warmly appreciated by the was undertaken in heathen lands as rectors who superintend their labors. early as 1634. There are today about Six colporteurs were at work during 635 Swedish Protestant missionaries the year, llnd in spite of troubled in foreign lands, not counting those times a decided increase in colportage sent out from America.-DR. JOHN sales is reported.-Record of Christian Work. RINMAN.

Religious Progress in Sweden Catholics in Italy and Ohio WHEN Ansgar, the Apostle of the THE opposition of the Vatican to North, visited Sweden in 830 the activities of American Meth- A. D., he found that the Gospel had mlists in Rome has been noted in the already been introduced some years REVIEW. Now the Chrisi'ia.n Century before by Scandinavians who had quotes a report that the Italian Govheard of Christ in other parts of ernment has warned the Methodists Europe. The :first country to break in Rome that it will not tolerate the away from the papacy was Sweden, existence of their conspicuous Protfor Protestantism was made the state estant school, wllOse commanding site religion in 1593. Since that time, upon one of the hills of the ancient Sweden has progressed steadily in city is an affront to the Catholic peoeducation and religion. Many schools ple of Rome and an insult to the Holy are supported by the churches and Father. "Catholicism is the religion missionary societies. uf a majority of the population and Protestantism must confine itself to The Lutheran State Church now humble locations." In contrast the comprises 2,588 parishes which sup- editor places a report from Cleveland, port a Foreign Mission Board and a Ohio, where a movement is on foot to Young People's Church Movement. l'ajse $3,000,000 for a Jesuit univer- The FTee Churches include the Swed- sity. The appeal is to all citizens reish Mission ~tls.<;ociation (Independent gardless of creed, and there will Lutheran), with 100,000 members; doubtless be generous response from the Bapti.sts, with 60,000 members; many non-Catholic citizens who conthe Methodi.sts and Salvation Army. sider that the Jesuit control is merely rrhese Free Churches conduct their an incidental feature, and continues: own theological seminaries and Sun- u It is a Httle hard to have satisfacday-schools, and cooperate in the tory reciprocal relations with an or- Young Men's and Young Women's ganization which claims equal rights Christian Associations. In religious where it is in a minority and exclusive life and activity, the Free Churches rights wherever it has the power to enforce them." .

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Outlook in Czecho-Slovakia appreciative parents. We are in daily ONE of the most cheering features touch with nearly one thousand peo- of the modern movement in ple, children, parents and friends. Czecho-Slovakia, according to a cor- The instruction has been in Polish, respondent of The Life of FiUth, is the national spirit has been empha- "the number of young men who are sized in these schools. They have dedicating themselves to the ministry recognition at last from the Polish in the Evangelical Churches. Though Government, being the first piece of the membership of the Roman Catholic Methodist work to receive official sup- Church still far outnumbers the Evan- port in Poland. In the years to come gelical membership, there are almost we can enjoy more and more privias many students in the Protestant leges. It is very important that this Theological College as in the Roman work be continued. As you have Catholic Seminary. Many of the min- heard there were 88,000 boys and isters speak English, a certain pro- girls on the streets of Warsaw last portion of them having spent part of September without schooL Our work their time in Scotland as students in has reduced this number by 400, but the Presbyterian theological colleges the great task lies ahead."

there, and others having returned from .America, where there is, of AFRICA course, a large Czech population. This Religious Liberty in Egypt T widespread movement has taken place HE new Constitution of Egypt, says the Record of Christian Work, almost entirely in Bohemia proper, and is found only to a limited extent generously safeguards such religious in Slovakia, the southern portion of liberty as now exists. While Article the republic; but there also the fire .149 states that Islam is the religion burns. Just at a time when Protes- of the state and Arabic is its official tantism throughout Central Europe langnage, we find the following: Aris in distress in so many quarters, ticle 12. Liberty of conscience is abpartly owing to the difficult economic solute; Article 13. The state protects, conditions, and partly owing to the in harmony with usages established in fact that so many Protestant churches Egypt, the free exercise of any reclosely linked with the State receive ligion or faith, on condition that it is less money from that source, it is not contrary to public order or good heartening in one quarter to find such morals; Article 16. No restriction marked advance, in which wisdom, in- will be imposed on the free use of any itiative, and eagerness are significant- language in private relations, in trade, ly combined." in religious aifairs, in the press or in pUblications of any sort, as well as in Methodist Schools in Poland public gatherings.

PROFESSOR F. C. WOODWARD, Winning the Chief's Consent superintendent of the educational and industrial work carried on in OKITO and Ngongo are two wives Poland by the M. E. Church South, of the African chief Wembo writes: "We wish you could have Nyama, who since 1916 have been been with us today as we visited the wanting to be baptized. Says Mrs. four schools of the mission conducted D. L. Mumpower, of the M. E. Church this past year for street children. It South: "The Catholics, who fight us was a most impressive sight. With by telling the natives things about us dirty little bare feet, ragged clothes, which arc not true, told the chief that pinched faces, but with glowing eyes, if he ever let any of his wives come these little tots of seven and eight into our church organization he would years received their certificates, kissed have no more control over them; that their teachers' hands, made stiff bows, if at any time we wanted one of them and rushed to the arms of poor, but for a wife for one of our workmen or

for one of our preachers we would just tion which, if unaccompanied by take her and that he would be power- Christianity, will mean worse than less to do anything. This was told heathenism to the native and a lost him when we began our work and the opportunity to our Church. "

chief believed it. Even later when he Embarrassment of Success knew us well, he wouldn't allow any of his wives to be baptized. He was ALETTER from Rev. John M. still afraid to run any risk." Finally Springer, D.D., of the Rhodesia in 1922 he gave his consent to the Mission of the American M. E. baptiilm of Okito and Ngongo, but, Churcll, gives two glimpses of the says Mrs. Mumpower, "I told him a work: "It is necessary to have one paper would be given him saying that of our strongest pastor-teachers at Okito and NgOIlgO were his even Mt. Makomwe to deal with the chief though members of the Church. .And and this man is really acting as the I told him that if anyone ever tried head pastor of the circuit. He has to take them away from him on the inaugurated monthly meetings to be ground that they were Christians he held at the various stations in turn, was to come to the mission and pre- where there is a miniature three-days sent that paper. He was willing to do camp meeting and with camp meetthis. A paper means so much to ing results. Indeed, the success of them. .And I am sure that when that work is our present embarrasschief Wembo Nyama dies that paper ment, for we had four deputations tG will be found among his valuable pos- the main meeting at Mt. Makomwe, numbering about fifty each, asking sessions. ' '-Mig.'nonary Voice. that they might have pastor-teachers, A New Congo Station as they were from five to ten miles SOUTHERN Presbyterian mission- from any other station. That was a aries in the Congo have sent to wonderful meeting and as the bell the home Church an urgent appeal for rang out for early morning prayers men and money to open a new station and the more than four hundred young Oll the southern frontier of their pres- people gathered under the trees in ent mission. These are some of the that romantic spot, we were reminded arguments that they use: "(1) Since of Lake Geneva and other of the the Southern Presbyterian Church has young people's conferences that we assumed before the world the respon- bad attended at home …. About 1,500 sibility of the evangelization of all the native people assembled at Umtali Buluba-speaking tribes of the Congo, the day before conference. They came and since the natives of this new dis- from all parts and there would have triet speak the Buluba dialect, they been many more if we had known the are strictly our responsibility, and if date of the conference long enough we fail to enter into their territory ahead to tell the farther stations.

with the Gospel, no other missionary There were over 100 pastor-teachers society will. (2) They have long and 880 Christians partook of the sac- awaited our coming, and many times rament. We could not help contrast- native delegations have walked 200 ing this with the condition we found miles into Luebo to ask for native on arrival in 1901, when there was teachers. How long must they wait T not one member, probationer or hearer (3) If Ilative teachers are sent so far connected with our church. God away with no mission station near by hath wrought wonders in this work."

to follow up their work, no permanen.t NEAR EAST work can be established. (4) A rail- The Republic of Turkey road now under construction will not touch any of our present mission sta- ASSOCIATED Press dispatches tions, but will pass through this new from Constantinople late in Octerritory. It will cause an influx of tober announced the establishment of commercialism and Western civiliza- the Turkish Republic, with Mustapha

1923J NEWS FROM M~NY LANDS

Kemal as President for a term of four ized the International Near East Re- years, subject to reelection. Accord- lief A~sociation, with its objective as ing to the new Turkish Constitution, follows: " To promote cooperation the National Assembly will have legis- and increased efficiency on the part lative power only, the executive power of all organizations and individuais being intrusted to a Cabinllt rll!>pon- who are seeking to relieve suffering, sible to the Assembly. A Council of provide for the care of orphans, or State will fulfill the functions usually otherwise promote the moral, social, cared for by a parliamentary upper economic. educational and industrial house. The members of this Council development of the Near East."

will be appointed by the President of Cbarles V. Vickrey, Secretary of the the Republic. American Near East Relief, was elect- Church and State m Turkey ed President and Chairman of the Executive Committee.

OLIN P. LEE, recently Y. M. C. .A. secretary at Adana, is quoted in The Jerusalem Patriarchate the Record of Christiam Work as stating that the separation of church and PROFESSOR CHA.RLES H. state is one of the real reforms at- BOYNTON, of the General Theotempted by the Turkish (ffivernment. logical Seminary, New York, recently returned from the Near East, is " The change effected will in time have far-reaching consequences," he quoted in the Christian Century as follows: "There is no question of the says. "One of the new measures, I am told, requires that all boys who are seriousness of the situation that exists being educated as Moslem religious in the Orthodox patriarcbate of Jeruteachers must have their early train- salem today. It is not only a question ing in the secular schools maintained of the maintenance of the sallred by the G1.Ivernment. After so many . places in the Holy Land, which are Yllarl:> in thllsll schools they will enter under the care of the patriarchate, the religious schools. Heretofore can-, but the downfall of the patriarchate didates for the priesthood have taken would. mean the disintegration of the their entire education in the religious Church in the Near East……. The schools. If this reform is carried out, finances of the patriarchate are in a it cannot help but have a liberalizing depldtll.ble condition; due largely to a influence in time. The better class of series of misfortunes rising from the Turkish leaders is decidedly limited. There are not enough to go around. World War ….. The position of the The opposition to even such changes dhurch in the Neat 1llast is not com- parable to any of the church activi- ties 8S we know them bere. The as that proposed is formidable. One sphere of t.he Church is much wider of the reasons for the great interest taken by the present government in the1'e, extending to education, general orphanages for Turkish orphans is welfare and even legal protection of its communicants. There are no pubthat they rely on these orphanages in lic schools, as we know them here, and another generation to furnish a crop education is entirely in the hands ol of recruits for the progressive ele– the Church. The ChUrch i. unable to ment." maintain schools at present and; as a !esult, the child!en ot <h1hodox par- Union in Near East Relief ents afe being brOU15ht up in igno- A$ the result of a conference held rance or faced with the alternative of at Geneva in September by rep- attending Mohammedan schools, which resentatives of Australia, Belgium, they will do only in very rare cases.

Czecboslovakia, Denmark, England, Practically the entire Christian popu- France, Germany, Sweden, Switzer- lation of Palestine of school age, com- land, United States of America, prising about 8,000 children, is left Greece, and Cuba, there was organ- without any means of Christian in-

struction. This means that, unless aid Through these agencies there has is brought and the patriarchate en- arisen a Protestant community in that abled to renew its activities, the next city some of whose leading young men generation in the land where Chris- are graduates of Beirut College and tianity was born will be utterly igno- are among those now most importurant and Christianity will perish in nate for America to give them leaderthe land of its birth." ship and encouragement in the great work to be done, not only in Mosul, Greek Patriarch Dismissed but down the whole valley of the Arab Kingdom of Irak to the Persian Gulf. ACCORDING to a dispatch in the Since 1918 the ~~merican Near East New York Times, Papa Eftim, or Relief, made up largely of mission- Efthimios, who is supposed to en- aries, themselves exiles from Persia joy the patronage of the Angora Gov- and Kurdistan, have cooperated with ernment, appeared early in October the. British in caring for 45,000 Chrisat a meeting of the Council of the tian refugees-30,000 the remnant of Ecumenical Patriarchate and ordered the Christian population of northwest the councilors to sign a document dis- Persia that had fled before the commissing the Most Rev. Meletios Meta- bined Turkish and Kurdish armies, xakis, Greek Patriarch of Constan- and 15,000 the survivors, mostly womtinople, who is now in retirement in en and children, of the Armenian a monastery on Mount Athos. The deportations. This humanitarian Archbishop of Cresarea resigned and service has served as a striking apthe Archbishop of Rhodopolis assumed proach to the Arab, so long inaccesthe Patriarchate as locum tenens. The sible to the Gospel. Work is now becouncil, apparently seized with panic, ing carried on at Mosul by the Presyielded to the demands of Efthimios. byterian Church in the U. S. A. The mission house built by the C. M. S. New Work in Nineveh has been purchased and Rev. James W. Willoughby and Rev. Roger C. "WHEN the word Mosul appears Cumberland are on the field. in our current papers and mag- INDIA AND MALAYSIA azines," writes Mrs. E. W. McDowell, "not every one locates it at once as Changed Attitude toward Christ the site of ancient Nineveh." Mosul was made a Protestant mission center REV. STANLEY JONES, a Methby the American Board, in the early odist missionary, spoke at the part of the last century and became annual convention conducted by an outpost of its work at Mardin in American Presbyterian missionaries· Turkey; but later the work in Mosul at Saharanpur, in the Punjab, and was transferred to the Church Mis- told of the changed attitude of India sionary Society of London. A small toward Christ. Nine years ago Dr. work was carried on by this society John R. Mott spoke to educated nonuntil the great war, when, because of Christians in a large hall in the city England's heavy financial burdens, of Madras. In the midst of his adthe las! missionary of this society, dress, when Dr. Mott mentioned the Miss Martin, was withdrawn in the name of Christ, the audience hissed. spring of 1922. The Presbyterian Recently Dr. Jones gave a series of work over the border in Persia has addresses in that same hall to edutouched Mosul through its touring cated non-Christians. The size of the evangelists who have at times for audience increased night by night and t.hirty-five years made Mosul a center the last night the hall was filled and while working in the mountains of people were standing outside on the Kurdistan among the Syriac-speaking verandah. Dr. Jones's message e-very people, some of whom live in Mosul night was Christ. The last night he and on the contiguous mountains.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

told them how to give themselves to Christian Women Organize Christ. Then he said, "I am going to pray a prayer of surrender to PRESBYTERIAN missionaries in Christ," and he asked that all who Vengurla, India, report the growth could, pray after bim sentence by sen- of independence and self-reliance tence. Most of the people in the large among the Christian women. They audience repeated the prayer after have organized a society to carry the him. Christian message to non-Christians in and around their own city, and to Reorganbation in Bombay aid the local church as much as pos- sible. In an intensive evangelistic THE Representative Council of campaign carried on by them nearly Missions in Bombay Presidency, one thousand persong over fourteen at its twelfth annual meeting in Sep- years of age were reached by six tember, worked out into its final form teams. Over 400 gospel portions and a plan whereby Indian Christians hymn books were sold. All their may have an equal amount of repre- prayer me'etings are permeated with sentation with missionaries on the the theme of s(iul winning, and the Council. The Council now changes quickening of their own spiritual life its name, bencefort}l being called The is very noticeable in consequence. Bombay Christian Council, on which Indians and .non-Indians will sit in CHINA … equal proportions. The new Council will be made up of 76 members, com- Prayer for Language Teachers prising 24 representatives from 11 central Church organizations in West- AN organized prayer-effort to win ern India controlling over 100 to Christ the Chinese teachers of churches, 27 representatives from 21 the Nanking Language School started missions with several hundred mis- last year. Weekly and finally daily sionaries, 6 representatives from other meetings were held with them, and at missionary bodies such as the Bible the same time the students were de- Society, and 19 coopted members. In- voting ~pecial services to pray, plan cidentally, the neW Council is an elo- and work for their conversion. Before quent proof of the growing Christian school closed twenty-five teachers unity in India.-Dnyanodaya. signed cards declaring their definite desire to become Christians. In June e'ight of the teachers united with the Church.

Outcaste Mass Meeting A Bible-Reading Church AREMARKABLE meeting of Ma- AT the annual meeting of the hars, Mangs and other outcaste Australian branch of the China communities was held in Peth village, Inland Mission an address on the il- Bombay Presidency. The local com- literacy of China and what the new mittee built a large tabernacle, with phonetic script is doing to combat it corrugated lron walls and burlap roof. was delivered by Miss Susie Garland, On the floor were 400 or 500 outcastes secretary of the Phonetic Promotion seated. On the platform were the ed- Committee. She said: "Thank God ucated men who led. The chairman We' have today the whole of the New was a Mahar, a memher of the Bom- Testament in this phonetic script. We bay Provincial Legislative Council. A have also some books of the Old Tesfew Brahmans were in the audience. tament, several hymn books and a REsolutions were passed for compul- number of gospel readers and various sory education of their own communi- other books. A great variety of ties, and for improving habits of primers, charts and other teachers' people, especially in the abolition of helps, with much material for propacarrion eating. The last resolution ganda work, has also been prepared. expressed their appreciation of the The motto of the Phonetic Promotion work done for them by missionaries. Committee is 'Every Christian a

reader of the Bible and every Chris- faith of Christ crucified, and they tian a teacher of illiterates.' At the have begun the manful fight under National Christian Conference in His banner against sin, the world, and 1922 we had one Chinese Christian the devil. And we must pray that who 'came a long railway journey to they shall .continue to be Christ's show us how he could read the pho- faithful soldiers and servants unto netic Testament. He was a farmer, their lives' end."

and quite illiterate, unable to read or to write. In a neighboring village a Child Labor Question in China friend of his had learned to read phonetic script. He had not been prop" THE first article of the labor proerty taught, but had picked it up f~om gram adopted by the Chine~e somebody else. In a very short tllI~e Christian Conference, and quoted lD the farmer, with the help of thIS the REVIEW, reads, "No, child under friend, learned to read the New Testament. He was so delighted when he twelve to be employed." This article had learned to read· himself, and to write a little, that he had begun to went into effect September 1st under teach his fellow-villagers, and when he came to the Shanghai Conference an agreement of the cotton mill ownhe had twenty people in his own village studying the Bible, learning to ers near Shanghai with the Child be Christians, and preparing for baptism. This is only one of six or seven Labor Committee sitting in that city, villages opened to the Gospel in that particular distriet· through the teach- and aU children under twelve were ing of phonetic script." dismissed from employment. Previ- ously several thousand minors had been employed. Chinese women's scilounbs~cehdouoclsatiaorneawl aourkthinogrituiepsoannad mis- free educational program for these juve- nile workers, to go into effect immedi- ately. Industrial standards in China A Ohinese Judge Baptized are slowly but sur()ly making an im.

I T was a great occasion for the Chi- pression upon public opinion, and nese Christians. in Yunnanfu, Miss Agatha Harrison, head of the South China, when the chief judge of industrial work of the Y. W. C. A. in the District Procuratorate was bap- China, has been one of the most eftized. Rev. E. S. Y"u, a Chinese pas- fective agents in bringing this about. tor writes in the C. M. S. Outlook In China mere babies toil at night, of'the occasion: d This judge is the work in ten and twelve-hour shifts, first official holding any important po- stunted and dwarfed by their unchildsition to join any Christian church in ish toil. In Peking twenty-seven arthe province. He and Mr. Han, the ticles of labor legislation have been husband of our newly.engaged woman introduced. The aim is to get these evangelist, were baptized at the same articles accepted and enforced in diftimc. It simply did one good to hear ferent industrial centers, working them answer the questions demanded through the local Chambers of Comof them reverently, distinctly, and merce. 'rhe Chlld Labor Committee !l.udibly. The whole congregation was in Shanghai, which was instrumental most orderly and serious, and wit- in bringing about the present child nessed the rite with reverence, accom- labor situation there, was appointed panied perhaps also with suppressed by the Municipal Council of the local excitement. On the other hand, I was government.

deeply impressed by the naturalness and serenity and readiness of the two Attacked by River Bandits B brothers I had the privilege to bap- ANDITS are familiar figures in tize. There was no doubt but that reports from China nowadays, they fully realized the significance of but the following experiences of Rev.

the step taken. Thank God that they and Mrs. M. S. Schlichter, of the have not been ashamed to confess the China Inland Mission in Anshun,

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

K weichow Province, are unusual in Missions to Tibetans T that they occurred on a water trip. HE China Inland Mission lms a mission at Tachienlu, on the east- He writes: ' ,We had gone only about ten miles from Panghai when a band ern border of Tibet, where the people of robbers along the river bank fired are found to be very ready to hear at the boat just ahead of us, calling it the Gospel. The Disciples of Christ in to shore. 'l'hus we escaped, but we are also carrying on a work on the met another band a couple of miles Chinese border and the Seventh Day farther on. This time they fired on Adventists have recently opened a disus and ordered us to land. W €' obeyed pensary in Ta-chien-Iu. From Darat once! a..Ttd when we had come to land jeeling, India, missionary work is they proceeded to go through our be- done by Scotch Presbyterians on inlongings, helping themselves to what- dustrial and C'vangelistic lines and the ever they wanted. The'Y took of our Moravians have a station on the southgoods to the amount of about $100, west border in "Little Tibet." Most and then left us, uninjured, for which of the Bible is translated and printed we were thankful indeed, for they in Tibetan and there is a great need were a fierce looking lot, all armed and opportunity for the distribution with rifles, swords and short knives. of Christian literature. Three or four miles farther down the river we were fired on by a third band, JAPAN-CHOSEN but this time we were right near a Faithful Japanese P swift rapid, and the boatmen seeing ERSONAL letters from Japan since the earthquake bear frequent their chance to escape put all strength to the oars and got to the rapid be- testimony to the faithfulness and loy· fore the robbers were near enough to alty of Japaoose servants and helpers. force us to land. After that we had An American lady who lived next door clear sailing down to Shanghai, thank to the building of the Woman's U:r;tion God!"-China's Millions. Missionary Society in Tokyo was im.

Each One a Street Preacher prisoned by a falling roof, but was released after a time, not badly in- ANEW method of street preaching, jured. Later she was with the Japa- which puts all the Christians at nese group at the mission until taken work instead of one or two, was reo- away in a refugee ship to Kobe. She cently tried by some American Pres- writes: "Servants were heroic-won- byterian missionaries from Hengchow, derful-everywhere. They cannot be HlIDan Province, China. Mrs. G. L. too highly praised." A Mrs. Akana Gelwicks writes of it: "On a recent was caught in the burning city and it trip to one of the older congregations was ten hours before she could reach in a county seat, we instituted a new, her home. There she found· her serv- plan of street preaching. Formerly ant, a Japanese maid who had been after singing a hymn, different per- with her six weeks, faithfully caring sons spoke in turn, one addressing the for the little boy, Paul. She had run entire group. This limits the number with him to a safe place at the time of who can assist. Our new plan is for the first shock, but later had returned all to gather in the church for prayer to the house which was still standing in the afternoon. Then we take the and, although it was shaking and very large character hymn charts to the unsafe, had entered it and gathered streets, each person carrying some together her mistress's and the little tracts to give out. After singing to boy's clothing and other necessities draw a crowd, no one would address and removed them to a place of safety.

the entire group, but each would talk Mrs. Akana writes: "I do not dis- to one or more pegple in the group, count all the stories which must have and thus have a share in the work. come to America of violence and rob- This plall was tried and worked splen- bery, and doubtless most were true, didly. " for it was bound to be, given all the

conditions, but my own personal tes- solved that a campaign for the- eraditimony is that I saw nothing but cation of leprosy within the Empire quiet and order and a great many had become necessary. There were mutual kindnesses.' 1 present at this inaugural meeting a number of prominent medieal men. Bibles for Japan The objects of the new Association will include the support of leprosy THE effects of the Japanese earth- research and the extension of the use quake are being noticed along f'f the latest methods of treatment of many different lines of missionary ef- the disease, also further means for the fort. One of these was the shipment reduction and cV6ntual eradication of by the American Bible Society in Oc- leprosy in the various parts of the tober of five truckloads of Bibles Empire. The Rev. Frank Oldrieve, printed in Japanese. The shipment is Secretary for India of the Mission to the- first vf a series to be made from Lepers, has accepted the appointme~t th!' United States until the society is of Secretary of the new Association. able to replace plates destroyed in the -Without the Camp. earthquake and to resume printing in Japan. More than 500,000 volumes, Presbyterian Allianee Meeting it was stated, already have been printed in New York by photographic proc- FURTHER reports of the Zurich ess to replace the volumes ordinarily meeting of the Presbyterian Alliprinted in Japan. ance, referred to in the November REVIEW, state- that the 125 delegates GENERAL represented twenty-six countries and thirty-eight different churches and in- Leprosy a World Problem cluded the leaders of the churches of continental Europe. The conference THE problem of leprosy has rE"- discussed the condition of the Euro- cently been approached from two pean churches and what might be done broad points of view. The first was to help them, the revival of the work indicated in the Third International of the Roman Church, church unity, Conference on Leprosy, held at Stras- the social problems of the churches, burg, JUly 28th to 31st, under the and the oppression suffered by the auspices of the French Government on churches in southeastern Europe. In the occasion of the centenary of the Transylvania two hundred congregabirth of Pasteur, when delegates were tions may be lost unless there is impresent from almost every part of mediate relief. Churches there, in the world where leprosy is prevalent. Jugoslavia and in Czechoslovakia are The Conference met in the Institute of undergoing difficulties. The confer- Hygiene, and was opened by the Min- ence suggested to the Eastern (Euroister of Hygiene. The later sessions pean) and Western (American) secof the Conference were presided over tions of the Alliance that they appoint by the Preside~t, Dr. Jeanselme. The a joint deputation to visit these coun- Secretary was Dr. Marchoux. At the tries and examine into conditions in various sessions the subjects dealt with them. " The conference, " says a were: Statistics from the Countries writer in Chrigtian Wark, "is a pleaswhere Leprosy is Prevalent, the Eti- ant contrast to the earlier one at Lauology of the Disease, Pathology of sanne. There the churches, just come Leprosy, Treatment, Social and Pri- out of the Great World War, weore all vate Prophylaxis and Legislation. in great straits and some quite dis- organized. Today, in spite of poverty The second matter of interest to and oppression, they are thoroughly friends of lepers was the organization organized, hopeful and ready for of the British Empire Leprosy Relief work." Association at a meeting held recently in the India Office, at which Lord Chelmsford presided, when it was re-

MIlSSJ[ONAllY

The .Tew and Xis Mission. I!;enry Ostrom. ecy or with his outline of coming Cloth. 157 pages, $1.25. Bible Institute events, but all should agree with his Colportage Association. Chicago. 1923. meanwhile program of giving the Gospel to the Jews as individuals. He The mission of the .rews in the past says: "What is the Christian's pres- ent-day duty in behalf of the evanis generally acknowledged. Other na- gelization of Israel f On the very face tions fulfilled the divine purpose in of it, the answer to the question must various ways, but to Israel was given be measurably affected by the fact the supreme privilege of being the that fifte€'ll million souls of men in blindness and hardness of sin are in channel through which the revelation the presence of Christian people, of God and His salvation was given to whose field is encompassed by nothing all the world. Not all Christians, less than the word 'whosoever' ….. . however, think of the Jews of the How a person with a Bible in his present day, or of those in America, hands can advocate missions to Mex- icans, missions to South Americans, as related to a present or future pur- missions to Alaskans, and to Asiatics, pose of God for the world. Africans, and to the benighted among the isles of the sea, and neglect or It is this aspect of the Jewish prob- oppose missions to Jews challenges reasonable consideration." lem which is considered in this volume. The author recognizes in the marvelous preservation of the Jews throughout the ages, amid all the flux of time and circuIIlBtance which have submerged other nations, and of persecutions specially designed to destroy Tthheemy, thhea-vfeulfreilCm€e.lvnetdofaa "dicvainlhe.npgla0nf. India's Religion. By Dr. Julius Richter, Professor of Missions at the University God" which has never been revoked. of Berlin. One of the "Philosophische They have a mission which it should Reihe," (Row of Philosophical Books).

be the concern of the Christian Rosl & Cie. Miinchen. 1923.

Church to understand and consider in In its slavish adherence to details, the carrying forward of its work. its comprehensive mastery of the sub- The author links the future of the ject and its presumption upon the Jews as a nation with their accept- inte-lligence of the readers, Dr. Richter ance of Christ when He returns to has given us a typical German study reign in .Jerusalem. The present of the subject. It is tended to serve movement looking toward the estab- as a mission study book, but is far lishment of the Jews in their ancient above the level of such books in the homeland indicates that the divine English language. After tracing his- purpose is on the way to fulfilm.ent. torically the development of India's Their return unevangelized will be religions from the time of the Vedas attende-d by widely extended apostasy, to modern Hinduism, the author gives n- the rapture of the Church, and the a rather extended analysis of the chief appearance of Anti-christ. Then, types, including the modern practical nally, Christ will come with His saints movement looking to religious and to reign in .Jerusalem, the Jews will civillibert.y as headed by Gandhi and be won to Him and under His leader- other leaders. The book is a fine COll- ship will become the evangelists of tribution not only to the study of the nations. comparative religions, but also to the Many Christians will not agree with modern missionary problem as such.

the author's interpretation of proph- It blazes the way fQ:r a higher type of 1039 .

lllisslOnary textbooks. It should be The "fudustrialization of China" translated and placed at the disposal of English-speaking students and sup- is a good chapter for business men; porters of missions. and to save her from the dilemma of China in the Family of Nations. Henry T. materialism and militarism, which Hodgkin, M.A., M.B. 267 pp. New York: GeorgE' H. Doran Company. $2.00. 1923. Occidental Powers have thrust upon A former medical missionary in her, Dr. Hodgkin thinks that we find China has' returned thither after years of successful service in England "a missionary task of the first magas secretary of the Friends' Foreign Mission Association. Acting now as a nitude. We owe it to China to give Secretary of the China National Christian Council, he has unusual fa- our best thought and some of our best cilities for knowing the Republic in its varied secular, international and people to her to help in the solution religious aspects. It is thus a volume which records, interprets and enforces of a problem we have done so much truths which every Christian of broad vision should know. to create."

The opening chapter is rather com- "The New Thonght Movement," monplace, and the second one on the treasures of the past, is not especially which most surprised Dr. John R. new. After passing those pages, the reader is plunged into international Mott in his last visit to China, is very themes W:l in 1840 China began to touch outside nations in a serious way satisfactorily set forth in chapter X, and respond to the new contacts. Then the Republic is unfolded to us, though. thanks to the helpfulness of Dr. T. T. pue wonders whether the Chinese would agree with him in some of his Liu and Dr. de Vargas. pritieisms of that chapter. In chap- ters VI and VII the author discusses In his final chapter, "China's Gift what he rightly calls "one of the JJlost difficult o.f all the questions con- to the World," Dr. Hodgkin comes to cerning China's relationships to for- eign powers." As a member of the the hardest part of his task, he as- Society of Friends he accomplishes his task with some frankness and serts; and he forsakes his rOle of his- vigor-yet he "speaks the truth in love. " Rarely have we seen so con- torian and assumes the mantle of the cise and yet complete a summing up of the China-Japan question as is prophet. It might better have been found on pp. 134-38. entitled, "Gifts Most Needed from the Now ~ goes afield, and in "China, Europe and America" we have an ex- Christian World"; and in his five ceedingly clear presentation of thC' outsta.nding relationships and prob- specifications on pp. 243-49, following lems of this international group. It is .rather startling to read here, "I think his list of six great needs of China, no European nation is so popular in China today as is Germany," and Rus- the Christian reader sees what the sia fares better in his treatment than it usually .does-as in Secretary Church can do to bless that nascent Hughes' utterances, for eXlimple. Republic to realize its manifest des- tiny in Asia and as part of the unified world. H. P. B: The HistOl'Y of the Yornbas: From the Earliest Tim.es to the Beginning of the British l'rotectorate. By the Rev. Samuel Johnson; Edited by Dr. O. JohnBon. With a map and Frontispiece. New York: E. P. Dutton & Company. 1921. pp. Iv & 671. :li8.00.

The author, an Anglican clergyman -of Yoruba parentage, patriotically de- termined to write a history of his fatherland, and sent the manuscript to a publisher in 1899. In 1900 the publisher said he had lost it; and in 1901 the author died. Some years later, his brother set himself to write the history anew, availing himself of copious notes and rough copies that thc author had left; and in 1916 he sent the publishers his new manu- script, by a boat that was captured by a German raider. The manuscript was I!:iven up for lost; and in 1918 the fateful document was delivered to the London printers. By this time, the sion upon Calcutta. Yet Dr. Duff cost of paper had enormously in- went to get inspiration and direction creased, and publication was delayed of a sort from the little veteran. He till 1921. decided to cut loose from the Seram- The book is not so much a history pore Triad in one vastly important as a compendium of facts and tradi- particular-he would employ English tions concern~g Yoruba speech, cus- as the basal instrument in his propa- toms and doings. .As an African ganda; and it was what made Lord attempt to produce African literature, Macaulay famous, that he was led to it deserVes commendation j but its follow in Duff's wake in this policy. misuse of pronouns and lack of logical It is in chapter XIV, "The Christian sequence tends to confuse English Educationist," that Mr. Paton makes readers. It is lilrely to do its best ,his best unit of contribution, though work in Nigeria; but its tales of throughout the volume he throws in avarice, ambition, truculence, treach- frequent references to educational cry,· petty intrigues, jarring cliques, theories and practices later than those slave-raids, and gory glory are a use- of Duff's day. His final chapter, "The ful corrective to the belated European Man Himself," is a portrait worthy notion that Africa's" simple children of being enshrined in every earnest of nature" would be happy enough student's heart and frequently looked if only Europeans would leave them upon in reverence. The volume lacks alone. A book for the Reference Li- color and the inspirational quality brary and the shelves of the specialist, which Duff ought to evoke, but it is rather than for the average reader. most worthy of every intending mis- sionary educator's careful reading. w.c.w.

Alexander Duff. Pioneer of Missionary Edu· 1I. P. B. cation. William Paton. 240 pp. New York: George H. Doran Company. $1.50. Henry Loomis. Friend of the Ealt. Clara 1923. Denison Loomis, with introduction by Rob- ert E. Speer. Portrait, 150 pp. $1.25. Dr. George Smith's full and Fleming II. Revell Co. New York. 1923.

abridged editions of Duff's life are This is a simple record of a noble out of print and altogether too full missionary life,.by the missionary's for the present-day reader, classics daughter. In the introduction, Robthough they were. Mr. Paton of Cal- ert E. Speer says: .

cutta has now written. a sizable and "The best values of life and char- readable life of one of the most forma- acter were in Henry Loomis-loyalty, tive and strongest of missionary edu- faithfulness, modesty, industry, con- cators. One hardly knows why the siderateness, love. Every memory of author should have chosen the sub- him is cleansing and genial. "

title, "Pioneer of Missionary Educa- Of New England stock dating from tion," when he wrote only thirteen 1639 in Connecticut, Henry Loomis miles from Serampore where Carey, was born in 1839, entered Hamilton Marshman and Ward had erected its College in 1859, enlisted in 1861, was famous College, the first institution in 21 battles and skirmishes, twice empowered to grant degrees in the wounded in the Wilderness and was India of a century ago. Of course at Ilee's surrender at Appomattox. they did many other things and 1'e- Graduating at Hamilton in 1866 and ceived their salaries from the East at Auburn Senrinary in 1869; in India Company, but they certainly 1870-71 in the Hawaiian Islands to were missionary educators all the attend the jubilee commemoration of same. the establishment of missionary work, he was, from 1872 until a health Mr. Paton calls Carey a "great edu- cationist" and admits that Serampore breakdown in 1876, in Japan under College had a great work, though too the Presbyterian B{)ard-with an infar away to make much of an impres- spiring life companion in Jane Her- 6

ring Greene. Back to Japan in 1881 Ian P. Beach and prepared under the to continue until his death in 1920, direction of the Board of Missionary Loomis came into close touch with Preparation. The author is Professor such historic personages as Prince Ito, of the Hist'lry of Religion and Mis- Prince Katsura, Bishop Honda, Kim sions in the Pacific School of Religion Ok Kyun. His services in the work and has spent over ten years with of the American Bible Society in Ja- Buddhist peoples of eastern Asia. He pan and Korea for a generation; his is therefore thoroughly familiar with devotion to wounded and prisoners their life and literature and has given in Japan's wars with China and Rus- us an interesting volume, well written sia; and his accomplishments as ento- and of practical value to students or mologist and his graces as hospitable workers in Buddhist lands.

host, friend and Christian-all are. This volume deals especially with well presented in this loving filial the Buddhism of Burma, Ceylon and sketch by one who helps now in Japan Siam, commonly known as the Hinato perpetuate the sweet savor of the yana, though it has departed far from name of Loomis. J. G. D. the ideals of the founder. In a few Congo Missionary Conference. A Report of vivid sketches the religion of these countries is portrayed as it is lived the Eighth Congo General Conference of by these people. We see the monastic Protestant Missionaries. 214 pp. Bolobo; Congo BeIge. 1921. school and its moral teaching. We This report should be available for gaze upon the women the supporters all students of African missions, and of conservative religion. We also realespecially for all secretaries of socie- ize as never before the moral needs ties having work in that continent. It and the social conditions.

is not as devoid of general interest as In the sixth chapter the author dis- so many reports are, for the reader is cusses B'uddhism as a living religion carried into the midst of African mis- pointing out its strong side as well as sionary counsels and sees, probably its weakness. In chapter seven he for the first time and very intimately, treats the approach to the Buddhists the conditions and problems which of Southern Asia, where the emphasis face missionaries there. How invalu- varies in each country and so each able for missionary candidates and has its distinct problems. In all these junior missionaries in the Congo lands, however. the missionary must would be Dr. Mumpower's paper upon have clear Christian convictions; he "Means for the Development of the must be willing to appreciate new as- Native." And Mr. Roome's paper pects of old truth, and must have a upon "East-West Africa Chain of sympathetic sense of beauty and Mission Stations" would answer in a humor. The last paragraph of the measure questions as to further ex- chapter thrills with the opportunity pansion in Equatorial Africa that to win these son!! of the East to allegi- Board secretaries are often asking. ance to our Lord and Master who WhHe the discussions are only briefly placed so much stress on the mystical reported, the minute secretaries were side of 'religion.

evidently master hands in selecting es- While the author appreciates the sentials in such informal discussions. good points of Buddhism, he also con- We commend the Report and con- structively criticizes its weaknesses so ,gratulate its compilers. H. P. B. that the small volume is the harbinger Buddhism and Buddhists in Southern Asia: of the new approach to these great re- By Kenneth J. Saunders. 12mo. pp. xiii ligions in the spirit of Christ.

and 75. $1.00. The Maemillan Company. Appendix I gives use,ful hints for New York. 1923. preliminary readings on Buddhism in This is the second volume of the Southern Asia. Appendix II contains "World's Living Religions Series", a practical bibliography of thirty- edited by Frank K. Sanders and Har- four items. L. H.

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DR. NATHAN SODERBLOM, Archbishop oclt Upsala and Primate of Sweden, has bee. For Gifts- making an American tour under the auspice, of the W <>rId Alliance for International Send your friends the finest Chi- Friendship through the Churches, and was one of the sJ.leakers an the annual meeting nese Jasmine Tea and crystalized of the AmerIcan council of that body, in ginger from the Land of Sinim. Philadelphia, Nov. 13th to 15th.

Tea in bright red Chi. *** nese basketS, • $1.25 RASOA, one of the Malagasy workers nnder the L. M. S. in Madagascar, has reo tired from the position of school inspector Tea in decorated tea. and examiner after forty.four years of de- voted service. table tin boxes .50 ** Ginger, ~.lb. boxes, • .75 REV. AND MRS. S. B. RcmoLD of the London Ginger, 1.1b boxes, 1.25 Jews Society, have returned to their work at Haifa, in Palestine. I will supply greeting cards, wrap and mail the parcels direct to the addresses *•• you send-timed for Christmas or other gift delivery-at no extra cost to you. GENERAL FIliNG is expected to attend the As my supply is limited. I would sug- General Conference of the M. E. CIlhl.u,rc~h gest you place Christmas a iers now. which is t<> be held at Springfield, a lay delegate from North China.

*** REv. Y. NIADE has been chosen to fill the newly created Protestant Episcopal bishop- MRS. ELSIE CLARK KRUG ric of Osaka, Japan.

IMPORTER ** 2227 St. Paul Street CHANNING H. TOBIAS has been appointed Senior Secretary of the Colored Men's De.

BALTIMORE :: MARYi.AND partment of the International Committee of Y. M. C. A.

** REV. FRANK W. BIBLE is the newly ap- pointed secretary of the men's department NEW BOOKS of the central district of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, with head.

Twenty·Five Years of the L. M. S. (1895- quarters in Chicago.

1920). A. T. S. James. 176 pp. London.

Missionary Society. 1923. MISS JENNIE DE MAYER has been positively TeJugu Mission-Report 1922. W. A. Stan· refused the desired permission to go into ton, Editor. 110 pp. C. L. S. Press. Afghanistan, and also forbidden to leave Madras. 1923. Russia. The la.test news from her stated that she hoped to go to Khokand and work Short Missionary Plays. Margaret T. Ap· among the Sarts there. plegarth. 183 pp. $1.00. George H. Doran Co. New York. 1923. *** More Short Missionary Plays. Margaret T. PAUL DE RCHWEINITZ. Secretary of Mis· Applegarth. 184 pp. $>.00. George H. Doran C<>. New York. 1923. of si<>ns in the Moravian Church in America, has just completed twenty-five years un· interrupted service as a Provincial Elder, World Service; A Religious Pageant. AI· and in that period he has seen the member· fred L. Faust. 30 pp. 25 cents. Meth· ship of his church increase forty·eight per odist Book Concern. New York. 1923. cent, ana the contributions to benevolences Joy from Japan-Recreation Programs. five hundred per cent. Catherine A. Miller. 200 pp. Heidel· berg Press. Philadelphia. 1923. * Progressive Suggestions for Planning DR. LUELLA MINER has been loaned t<> the Churoh Buildings. Edited by Rev. Elbert Shantung Ohristian University in Tsinanfu M. Conover. 48" pp. 50 cents. H<>me for a year as Dean of Women and teacher Missions C<>uncil. New York. 1923. of religious education in the School of TheoI<>gy. Christian Yoga: Or the Threefold Path *** of Union with God. J. O. Winslow. 49 OBITUARIES pp.' Is. Sooiety for the Propagation of :M:Aru< E. BoTHAM, a member of the China the Gospel. London. 1923. Inland Mission since 1915, died on August Buddhist Philosophy in India and Ceylon. 29th from fever contracted in the mountains A Berriedale Keith. The Religious Quest of Kansu, Northwest China. He was a son of India Series. 339 pp. lOs M. Ox· of missionaries and went to China to take ford University Press. London. 1923. up work for Chinese Moslems.

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The Chinese Recorder JOURNAL OF THE CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN CHINA Independent-Interdenominational- International Established Fifty-Four Years Aims to Interpret China of To-day as Seen in New Intellectual Life, Social Changes and Religious Movements, Original Articles by Chinese Writers A Neces.rity to Libraries and those Concerned with the Needs and Aspirations of Changing China PUBLISHED MONTHLy-Each issue contains at least sixty-four pages SUBSCRIPTIoN-United States and Canada, $3.00 gold CHINESE RECORDER, 5 Quinsan Gardens, Shanghai Sample copy sent on request At the Mercy of Turkish Brigands Three New Books by Miss APPLEGARTH A new book, by Mrs. D. C. Eby. A gripping nar- SHORT MISSIONARY PLAYS rative of tbrllUng experiences, .and hair-breadth escapes of five missionaries and three hundred More SHORT MISSIONARY PLAYS Armenian orpbans. occupying a compound tor several months, directly 'between the besieging Turk- Miss Applegarth has done nothing more original ish forces, and the Armenian city of Hadjin. than these plays, which cover both Home and Fascinating as fiction. but absolutely true. 285 pages, cloth bound, price n,75, Foreign Missions. T'ney are so simple that the smallest churches can produce them, and their Redemption Completed missionary appeal is far greater than any address. B,. REV. J. A. HUFFMAN Titles in. UBhort Missionary Plays": Color Blind; An exceptional book, touching every aspect of 'Kimona; The Latest Victor Record; Just Suppose; hUman existence. It treats man in all his rela- The Girl Who Fell Through the Earth; Seven Keys to Mr. Bald Pate i Hands Up !; Fare, 'Please j' IndeI1ble j tions. from his Eden Paradise to the eternal state. The Gospel According to the Telephone Book: Paln It is not speculative, but entirely Scriptural, un- StI"<let. folding the Word of God in an unusual and interesting 'Way. It is a classic on full salvation. Contains oveJ" two hundred pages, frontispiece of the Titles in ."More· Short Missionary Plays'·: Empty Stockings; Christmas Tree Pageant; Strictly Private; author and j8 BUbstantially and beaut1fu]]y bound Galatea Takes a Lease on Life; The Yes-But-ers j In cloth. Price, prepaid ,1.20 Katy-Did; Watt a Minute j Jack the Giant Killer; The Job a World Example Subscription Clinic i Mrs. Jarley's Wax Works i The Child in the Midst. Each. Net '1.,5(1 By REV. J. A. HUFFMAN SOME BOY$ AND GIRL$ IN AMERICA The author takes this exceedingly difficult book and unfolds it until it becomes one of the interest- Twenty delightful stories of children from other ing and Bublime books of the Bible. lands who have made their home in America. A.n Evangelist Bud Robinson says of it :-"Shake up indispensable aid to teaching Home Missions to ~tiI,!r a~:j~~' a!~r~O~~~l °ri~~ s~~~ ~fet~!eri~t~:t little folks. The titles will fix a child's attention food that you ever feasted upon. tl at once, such 'IlS "Let's Discover America"; 94 pages, cloth bound. Price, 60c, postpaid. "Banana Beppo 's Go-cart", "Mind your P'iI and Q's"; " The Orphan, and the Bottled Bethel Publishing Co., Dept.37A Cow"; ete. Illustrated. Net, $1.60 New CarDale, Ohio _ I' , A….. At YOUT ReIil/iou. BooA Store 'I CEORCE H. DORAN COMPANY 244 M.di.on ·New·York Please mention THE MISIJIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers.

An Ideal Christmas Gift READY DECEMBER 1st Harry Emerson Fosdick's "Twelve Tests of Character"

To the thousands all over the world who read each new book of Dr. Fosdick's with growing appreciation, this announce- ment will be of great interest. These chapters on the twelve elements of the ideal character are written with the same clear vision and forceful directness, the same sure instinct for the right word, and the same gripping sincerity that cbaracterize all Dr. Fosdick's books. No one can read this book without gaining a renewed sense of man's infinite power for good, and a clearer idea of how the individual can direct his natural traits into the right paths. A book which has a special appeal at this time of year, when things of the spirit have particular significance. Cloth, $1.50 OTHER FOSDICK BOOKS always popular as Christmas gifts: TRILOGY OF MEANINGS (A specially bound set) The three books uniformly bound in cloth, with morocco ridge, gold- stamped, gilt top, with silk marker, in an attractive carton…. $5.00 The three bool(s may also be bought singly, as follouJ. : MEANING OF FAITH …………. Round corners, pocket size 1.35 Full morocco, gilt edges 2.75 MEANING OF PRAyER ….•…… Round corners, pocket size 1.15 Full moroc::co, gilt edges 2.20 MEANING OF SERVICE ••.•.•…. Round corners, pocket size 1.25 Full moroc::co, gilt edges 2.65 ASSURANCE OF IMMORTALITy…… ………………. 1.00 MANHOOD OF THE MASTER………………. ……… 1.15 SECOND MILE……………………………………… .70 ,:::::. <:.A,SSOCIATION PRESS ,::::, PURPOSE PURPOSE f 347 Madison Avenue New York V Please Dlention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers.

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1923

GEORGE LESLIE MaoKAY IN HIS STUDY IN NORTH

Trustworthy Service KNOWN for almost seventy years as "The Greatest Treasure House of Linens in America," McCutcheon's is never con- tent to rest on past laurels. Only a constant search of the markets in the world's linen centers enables us to maintain an abundant assortment of linens that are exclusive in design and superior in texture.

Expense and care are never spared by our specialists in collecting the best examples of the linen weavers' finest art. Although price is never the first consideration in offering our stocks to our patrons, a careful comparison will show that McCutcheon's prices are always decidedly moderate.

Reg. US The. Off. James McCutcheon & Co.

Department No. 20 Fifth Avenue, 33d and 34th Streets, New York 0, where are kings and empires now, Of old that went and came?

But, Lord, thy Church i& praying yet, A thou&and year& the same.

The safest investment, the finest se- curity, the greatest enterprise in the world- the Church of Jesus Christ.

A dollar invested in it goes on working through the years, turning over and over, multiplying its usefulness. Let us tell you how to keep your dollars working after you have left this world through our LIFE ANNUITY PLAN Write to: George M. Fowles, Treasurer, Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue. New York, or W. J. Elliott, Treasurer, Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church, 170 I Arch Street. Philadelphia. Pa.

Plea.se mention TIm MISSIONARY RmVIlilW OF THE WORLD In writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY f .A Slrange Bnchanlmenl of a Chinese Doctor REVIEW OF THE WORLD The Bells DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor of the Blue Pagoda Contents for November, 1923 By JEAN CARTER COCHRAN FRONTISPIECE ………….. GI!lORGI!l L. .Aulhor of "Noncll'S Mother." MACKAY IN HIS STUDY IN FORMOSA "Foreign Magic." .. Old John, ..

EDITORIALS ……….•………….. 885 and Other Stories SIGNS OF HOME MISSION PROGRESS. "I think this is the best story of life in China SOVIET RUSSIA AND RELIGION. that has been put out thus far. It is true to iife- to every phase of life you touch. Nothing is over- NEWS FROM DEVASTATED AREAS IN drawn. isAAC TAYLOR HEADLAND, Author Bnd JAPAN …….•…………….. 889 Lecturer.

Letters from Missionaries and Mis- Send for the Free Circular sion Bands. Cloth, 288 pages CHINESE GIRL SLAVERY IN AMERICA $1,75 postpaid · …….. By CHARLES R. SflEPHERD 893 crhe Life Slorll of One The stirring record oj facts in regard to the devilish traffic carried on in the of lhe United States by Chinese UHigh_ Modern Missionarll Heroes binder8/~ of Ihe Near Basl FIFTY YEARS IN NORTH FORMOSA … The Measure of a Man • ••.•••••…. By A. E. ARMSTRONG 899 WILLIAM AMBROSE SHEDD The 8tory of a half century of Chris- OF PERSIA tian work carried On by the Presbyte- .,ll Biographlj blj rian Churol> 01 Oanada with remarkable Mary Lewis Shedd re8u~t8. Mrs. Shedd was he:r husband1s constant com- AN INDUSTRIAL MISSJON THAT EVAN- panion and comrane. And with insight and sym- GELIZES …. By GUY C. CONVERSI!l 906 fai~~rul~l~~s ~~ld~!r~i~~ :6io~a~~n:;iS iif!~ndi d~~~ The fasoimaPing 8tory of the Omi Mis- sion, Japan, and its self-supporting in- ing the terrible years of the war when he re- dUBtriaZ evangelistio work. mained at his post.

THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH IN JAPAN .. Cloth, 280 pages · …..•••.. By ALBERTue OLTMANS 912 $2_00 postpaid The present situation in organized and- Publicatton Department cooperative church work in Japan and the ouUook f01" the national Christian THE BOARD OF CHRISTIAN EDUCATION OF THE Clturclt. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH III THE U. S. A.

BOYS AND GIRLS BEHIND THE COLOR Headquarters: Philadelphia. Witherspoon Building LINE •.•.•.. By ROBERT R. MOTON 917 New York. 156 Fifth Ave. Nashville. 711 Cburch St. Chicago. 125 N. Wabash Ave. St. Louis. 411 N. Tenth st. The principal of Tuskegee Imtitute here r:lescribes the present moral and Cincinnati, 420 Elm St. San Francisco. 278 Post St. religi0'U8 situation as it affects Negro Boys and girls in A medca. Atlanta. 200 Auburn Ave.

BEST METHODS ..•………………. Pittsburgh. Granite BUlldinJ!'

•..••.. EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK 927 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN .. • •• EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 93.1 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN 934 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ….•…… 937 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ..•• , •..•.. 951 TERMS.-$2.50 8 year. ($2.00 In clubs of PERSONALS five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies. 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, REV. A_ E. CORY, missionary leader in the Disciples Church, and now a pastor in 1923. by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM- North Carolina, has been elected president of the Disciples International Convention PANY, INC. All rights reserved. for 1924_ THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING ** COMPANY, Inc. REV. G. CAMPBELL MORGAN, D.D., of Lon- ROBERT E. SPEER. President don, expects to sail early in 1924 for AUB- WILLIAM 1. CHAMBERLAIN. Vice-Pre8ident traHa, where he has accepted an invitation to the pulpit of the Collins St. Congrega- DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Searteary tional Church in Melbourne. WALTER McDOUGALL. Treasurer ** Publication office, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. 25c a COj}Y. $2.50 a year DR.. S. K. DATTA, National General See,- retary of the Young Men's Christian As· Editorial and Business Omoe, 156 Fi!th Avenue, New York City (Concluded on page 956_) Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office, Harrisburg, Fa.• under A.ct of March 3, 1879.

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MISSIONARY

EVIEW, VOL. NOVEMBER, 1923 NUMBER XLVI ELEVEN SIGNS OF HOME MISSIONARY PROGRESS U P TO a few years ago, the various Protestant Churches of North America were endeavoring to solve the problems of evangelizing and educating the people of America, each in its own way. 'There was comparatively little study of the whole field and little cooperation among the workers of different denominations. Today, while many Churches are still wide apart doctrinally, they are seeking to cooperate in practical ways to evangelize and educate without unnecessary overlapping.

The chief nnifying agency in this home mission work is the Home Missions Council which has been functioning with increasing efficiency for the past sixteen years. The able general secretary, Dr. Alfred Williams Anthony, has recently resign~d to the great regret of all interested in cooperative work. Under his faithful and statesmanlike leadership, the field has been studied more thoroughly, mistakes have been corrected and the program of Christianization has been enlarged and intensified; forty-one home mission boards of twenty-seven denominations have thus come into closer fellowship and have learned how to cooperate effectively.

At present, the many important pieces of work that are being undertaken under the auspices of the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions show the diversity and immensity of the task before us and the progress that is being made.

1. Various Churches in the Western states are coming into .closer fellowship and in several districts they have adopted a unified program. In addition to the cooperative work in Montana, Colorado and Utah, conferences are now being planned in North Dakota. In Porto Rico, Cuba and Santo Domingo and the Canal Zone cooperative work is in progress and plans are developing in this direction in Haiti, the Virgin Islands, Jamaica and Hawaii. Alaska reports ten denominations associated together and allocating territory.

2. Practical steps have been taken to reach the new Americans through a "follow-up" plan by which immigrants are put into touch 885

with the churches in the places where they settle. In July, for instance, 820, immigrants of twelve nationalities were thus introduced to churches of seven denominations in over sixteen cities and in rural communities. Careful information is gathered and is accessible to all denominations. Cooperative work is also done for these new comers through the preparation and distribution of foreign language literature and by racial group conferences.

3. Workers among the Negroes, Orientals and Mexicans in the United States have held conferences for the promotion of a better understanding of these people and their problems and for the study of more effective methods of work.

The Indians, the Jews, the Mormons, migrant workers and other special classes are receiving special attention and reveal the great need for more adequate methods of approach and for more perfect coordination among Christian workers.

4. Other lines of service inaugurated by the Council relate to better church and chapel buildings, a standardization in the gathering of facts, more efficient recruiting of workers, better financial policies and more effective publicity. A conference is to be held in Rochester, New York, (December 7th to 10th) where the whole home mission task will be presented to the entire city stimultaneously, much as has been done for the foreign mission task in various cities during the past winter.

The work of the Home Missions Council seems to have just begun. Even a superficial study of moral and religious conditions in the United States is enough to convince us that Christlike aims, a united program, the most practically effective methods and, above all, a more perfect conformity to the leadings of the Spirit of God are needed to make America Christian.

SOVIET RUSSIA AND- RELIGION M ANY different reports come from Russia as to religious con- ditions and the attitude of the Soviet authorities toward religion. It seems, however, to be well established by the most reliable testimonies that the Bolshevists-the government officials-are strongly anti-religious. A recent investigator, who had unusually good facilities for discovering the facts, reports that he had several conversations with officials in which they boldly declared that they were against capitalism, against the family, against the Christian Church and against all religion. They are in favor of taking all power and authority from God and of giving it into the hands of the State, nominally representing the workingman. These communists are atheists and desire to spread their ideas into all countries since they believe that they are menaced by any government based on non-Bolshevist principles.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

The Izvestia, a paper published in Moscow, contained, in its issue of June 17th, the stenographic report of an address by Gregory Zinovieff at the recent Communist International, in which this representative of the Russian Bolshevists declared that Comrade Lenin had said: "Our propaganda necessarily includes the propaganda of atheism." Zinovieff vigorously emphasized this statement, saying, "He says justly that our pnrpose consists not only in guarding the regUlation and political program of the party, but also in propagating a definite philosophy, part of which is atheism."

5E350>KH1.1K'·· JIf! 1. ~._ • • ~. n A CARTOON FROM THE R USSIAN PAPER A CARTOON FROM THE SOVIET PAPER WITHOUT GOD WITHOUT GOD This shows "Capital" following Chrtst's The Workman having demo lished the promise that Hts disciples should be "fishers of Churches of all kinds on earth Is clim.bing to men.." He uses "the Law," the "Crucifix," h eaven to demoli sh God th e Fath er , Christ J e~ "Holy Matrimony," etc., to catch men and to bovab, tb. Moslem God and tbe devil. fill his pockets with gold.

The Soviet spokesman went on to say: "vVe stand as partisans of a complete logical philosophy, a part of which is atheism. .. Anti- religious propaganda is essential. 'Ve must find suitable forms, suit- able means, suitable times."

Statements brought home from Russia by personally conducted tourists, to the effect that the Soviet Government does not concern itself with religion can scarcely be harmonized with this declaration.

Government officials say, "Religion and atheism are alike free," but the same individuals tolerate rowdv raids on Christmas and Easter and Passover festivals, and promote the circulation of the vilest of cartoons and tracts in their efforts to destroy the faith of the people.

They may decree the freedom of individuals to read the Scriptures but they seize the stocks of New Testaments to prevent tbeir distribu-

tion. The law recognizes the right of private persons to own and use religious literature, but prohibits such literature in the public libraries, prohibits its sale and even the holding of stocks for future distribution.

The accompanying cartoons are authentic reproductions of a Soviet Socialist Party pUblication issued in Moscow this year and called Without God. Its expressed purpose was to ridicule and denounce all religion, especially Christianity, but some of its cartoons were so blasphemous and disgusting that they gave such offense in Russia as to defeat the purpose of the paper and to cause its withdrawal from pUblication. One of these cartoons here presented shows the Bolshevist workingman, having demolished the Chnstia~,Jewish, Moslem and Heathen temples on earth, climbing to heaven to demolish the Christian God, Jehovah of the Jews, the Moslem God and the devil. The other cartoon represents the capitalist, in a silk hat, fishing to catch people with all kinds of bait such as the crucifix, the Law, "Love Your Enemies," "Marriage is Holy," "The Kingdom of Heaven, '.' "The Virgin Mary," etc. The captured people are represented as being put into boxes on an endless chain and converted· into coin for the capitalist's pocket.

These are only mild samples of Soviet propaganda in antagonism to God. It is largely promoted by atheistical Jews and is, no doubt, due to the fact that these men have never had the true idea of God, as revealed in Christ, presented to them. They do not know Him as a Heavenly Father, a God of infinite love and wisdom Who seeks to set men free and to establish righteousness, service, peace, joy and brotherly love among all nations. This Soviet propaganda is a serious menace to liberty and truth wherever it extends, but the way to overcome it is to disprove its false foundations by revealing God and His love in its fullness. It is worse than useless to placate the Russian Government by soft words and by gifts to support their political moves in Russian Church controversies. The most effective counter-movement will be through the widespread distribution of the Bible, by non-political Christian preaching and teaching wherever there is opportunity, and by the Christlike lives of those who represent the evangelical Christian Church.

Dr. John Rinman, president of the Swedish Bible and Missionary Training Institute and a member of the Evangelical Missionary Society of Sweden, reports that in spite of Soviet anti-religious propaganda, many spiritual revivals are taking place allover Russia. Evangelical Christians are quietly testifying and conducting meetings, which the Holy Spirit is using to awaken the Russian peasants to a realization of the truth of the Gospel of Christ. Several societies are training and sending evangelists into Russia and are spreading the Gospel as they have opportunity. Russia needs the written and the Living Word of God. Christ is Russia's only hope. PICTURES OF FIRE AND EARTHQUAKE IN JAPAN FISSURES IN THE l;'AVElvIENT 1.'1 YOKOHAMA Near what is supposed to be the center of the earthquake AN AIRPLANE VIEW OF TOKYO IN FLAMES f n both Yokohama a nd Tokyo. the fire d id im mensely more da mage than the ea rthquake as the Hames cut off escape and hindered r~s<;ue work A LARGE JAPANESE BOOK-STORE, MARUZEN-KAHUSHIKI-KAISHA, DESTROYED IN NUIONBASHI DISTRICT, TOKYO THE YOSHIWARA- ONE OF THE PROSTITUTE QUARTERS IN TOKYO Above is the Quarter in Ruins. Below is a J apanese Drawing of the Quarter on Fire. The Oval Insert tihows One Street Before the Fire This m odern Sodam represents a n attempt of the Japanese Governm ent to regulate th e social evi l but is looked u pon as a d isgrace by t he higher ih it1kiu~ Japanese. This "Hell's Kitchen" was fi rst swept by tire in 1657 and since then thirt y great conHagrat lODs have destroyed the quarter, the last time in ISl'I and now agai n in 1923. Vill Japan now put away this licensed evil? THE RUINS OF THE METHODIST PUBLISHING HOUSE IN TOKYO AFTER THE FIRE IN THE BAPTIST TABERNACLE, TOKYO RESULTS OF THE EARTHQUAKE AT HAKONE, A RESORT NEAR FUJIYAMA, FRE- QUENTED BY MISSIONARIF.S AND OTHER FOREIGNERS HOUSES THROWN DOWN BY EARTHQUAKE IN THE SUBURBS OF TOKYO, BUT UNTOUCHED BY FIRE , / A PART OF THE FIRESWEPT GINZA, THE FAMOUS SHOPPING STREET OF TOKYO Note the difference .between the effect of the fire 011 the old and new types of buildings A CROWD OF REFUGEES IN FRONT OF THE IMPERIAl; PALACE, TOKYO RE;FUGE;E;S CROWDING ONTO TRAINS IN THEIR E;FFORTS TO ESCAPE FROM TUKYU REFUGE;ES FI,E;EING FROM THE FI,AMES IN KANDA, ONE OF THE DEVASTATED SECTIONS OF TOKYO

YIlt

(Courtesy of The Christian Advocate) THE WRECK OF THE CHAPEL OF AOYAMA GAKUIN, THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL ACADEMY IN TOKYO

1~3] EDITORIAL COMMENT

NEWS FROM THE DEVASTATED AREAS IN JAPAN Extracts from recent letters sent by missionaries who passed through the earthquake and fire; and from Mission Bo.ard Secretaries: So far as is known, only three foreign missionary workers lost their lives in the disaster. These were Miss Jenny Kuyper of Ferris Seminary, Yokohama (Reformed Church in America) and, according to recent advices, Mrs. Edith Lacy of Yokohama ,and Miss Dorothy Hiller, Tokyo, both of the Young Women's Christian Association.

The question of replacing the destroyed buildings has not yet been decided, but it is hoped that Protestant missionary societies will come to some harmonious agreement for cooperation in the interests of greater economy and efficiency. Japanese phristians may also, with advantage, take a larger share in the responsibility for Christian educational and philanthropic work in the large centers where they have strong churches. The whole field should be studied and forces distributed in a way that will give the opportunities of the Gospel and Christian education to the largest number of Japanese.

-EDITOR.

A Japanese Letter as all the for('e8 of fire brigade worked Binajima, Nagoya, Sept. 5,1923. together at the risk of their lives….. The casualties in Tokyo are amount- It was just at noon and we were at our dinner table (in Tokyo) when we ing to a quarter of a million and in felt a severe shock. We unconsciously Yokohama a hundred thousand, among jumped out of the house. The shocks whom European residents are amountsevere, or weak, continually succeed ing to five hundred and Chinese a and we could not remain tI'lanquilly at thousand and five. At night on that home. The shock continued for three day, Tokyo was visited by a tidal days, although it gradually became wave. The survivors who barely esle~ severe. caped from the disaster were thirsty The most severe district was Kanto and hungry as so many wolves. Some in which Tokyo and Yokohama is in- of them quenched their thirst and soon cluded. Almost all the houses there died away. A passenger up train on were thoroughly destroyed or semidestroyed. Meanw,hile, about fifty the way to Yokohama was derailed at specks of fire arose, and soon they aug- the sudden shock and fell into the sea. ment their blazing force and at last The whole passengers in it of five they were amassed in one great con- hundred were buried in a watery flagration and spread to the whole grave, except 32 who emerged from city. The multitude of refugees must it. The conflagration continued till again shelter themselves desperately the afternoon of the 3d, during which from heat. But be-ing surrounded by both cities were 160· F. in warmth. tires, crowds of people were either . . . . . All prominent institutes, schools burned to death or plunged into and buildmgs were crushed and inwaters and were droW!l1ed. flamed. Thousands of corpses were left alone exposed to the heat of fire.

On the third day, a heavy storm Simultaneously with the first shock, visited the capital and millions of the water pipes were burst up and refugees had no shelters nor food to even a drop of water could not be appease their hunger and innumer- obtained, so the fires Were left alone, able children died of it. Such is the taking their own .course. Even the present condition of the capital. Suc- tire spread to the palace and the Em- cessive reports informed us the more perorand Empress took refuge to ,miserable state and shUdders us all somewhere. But it was soon put out the more chillingly. Nothing could

be compared with the heart-felt thanks might be cut in two-impossible to more deep impressioned than the life- tell. The refugees are streaming out boat of America-i. e., the dispatch of the city at the rate of twenty to of American squadron for the rescue thirty thousand or so a day. The Toof our distress. All our native really kaido line, between Tokyo and below shed tears of joy at the new~ of it. Numadzu, has not been running but We earnestly entreat our Father that soon promises to be. The Ninooka the losses sustained will be mitigated people (near Fujiyama) have, we as possible. think, most of them gotten out, some by walking fifteen miles to the nearest Very sincerely, point on the railroad. The earthquake there was fierce. The Ninooka houses K. ANO, OF MEIJI GAKUIN, TOKYO. were badly shaken, some off the foun- dations. No one was killed, and so Missionary Letters far as I lplow no one suffered any serious injury. Karttiza'U'a, Japan, Sept. 3, 1923. The quake was so severe that no Four days before the awful earth- one could stand up without holding quake, I went down to Yokohama to on to something. The description that meet the President Lincoln which did I heard was that it seemed as if the not arrive until daylight of the 30th earth under one's feet suddenly raised of August. It was powerful hot yet up about twelve inches, then dropped bearable …. N ow Yokohama is simply back. This was followed by a shakwiped off the map. Yesterday Mr. ing from side to side. Here at Karui- Peeke, who went to Tokyo and Yoko- zawa it was not nearly so severe. The hama and saw the actual conditions, totan (zinc) roofed buildings rocked, told me that all but from 3% to 5% so did the big telegraph poles, and of Yokohama lies flat and ot Tokyo~ somebody said the earth undulated. excepting the suburban residential All the shops emptied their occupants parts-·perhaps 20% remains. The into the streets. We thought that fire, of course, burned up much more old Asama Yama might be the center than the earthquake shook down, but of the quake but the mountain seemed it was an awful combination ….. perfectly quiet.

Buildings were shaken down and Gordon (Curtis) was on the night fires started simultaneously all over shift last night from 10: 30 P. M. to the city, I judge. It being just before 3: 30 A. M. to give out water, rice, noon, (September 1st) of course gas ice, towels, etc., to the refugees as they stoves and charcoal fires were all go- passed through the Karuizawlfl staing. Oil tanks burst and their burn- tion. Th{JUsands of people go through ing contents spread in the bay; here every day. To say that the trains lighters in the harbor caught fire and are crowded, jammed, full and runthreatened the ships which had to ning over doesn't tell the tale, for manoeuver to keep out of their way they ride on the tops of the cars and and, in so doing, some ran into each the platforms….. other. One of the propellers of the Empress of Australia was put out FREDERICK S. CURTIS, of commission. This and the other liners were turned into hospital ships. Presbyterian Board of Foreign Passengers, at least some of them, got Missions, U. S. A. out of their rooms, opened their trunks and told the wet and injured refugees Karuizawa, Sept. 3, 1923. to help themselves. Hundreds of the latter had bones set by the ship's Many business men, whose families doctors. are up bere during the heat, were in the devastated region at the time of Rumor has had it that 1,500,000 the earthquake and fire, and their are homeless in Tokyo and perhaps white faceli showed their anxiety as 500,000 killed. 'rhe former figure is they gathered around the bulletin perhaps approximate but the latter

EDITORIAL COMMfENT

boards. Then the men began to come later what a different story might have back from their investigations and to been told, for Doremus School was to tell of devastation and untold suffer- open the second week in September ing. One said to me, "If you stand and missionaries would have returned in the old center of the busiest life in early for preparations and would 'fokyo, Kyobashi, and look in all di- have been followed shortly by board- rections you will be able to see only ing pupils and resident teachers. heaps of ruins. " Thousands were cut off from escape because the bridges No word has yet been received con- went down or the fires surrounded cerning our Japanese teachers, Bible them. The Meiji Gakuin (Boys' School) is not burned though injured, women and assistants, faithful serv- and the Joshi Gakuin is standing ants and hundreds of pupils living at though most of that district is de- Yokohama and its environs. While stroyed. People, in places still stand- our hearts are on their knees in ing, are afraid to sleep under roofs thanksgiving for the safety of our and are sleeping out on the ground. foreign missionaries, they are also on their knees for hundreds of our J apa- Many of the missionaries in Karui- Dese co-workers, students and alum- zawa, whose homes are in Tokyo, have me, who with their families may be lost everything, including their work homeless, injured or dead. and fields of labor. Our entire mission property in HELEN PIERSON CURTIS, Japan has been destroyed. This con- sisted in the main of two missionary Missionary of the Presbyterian residences, five student dormitories Church, U. S. A. and two school buildings, together with several smaller houses. In ,addi- American Board Missions tion to our loss as a society of these buildings with their furnishings, our Boston, Mass., Oct. 4, 1923. missionaries have lost all their per- sonal possessions, furniture, books, Reports which have been received clothing, money, and in some cases, by cable and by -letter announce that personal investments. eleven Kumiai churches in Yokohama ~ and Tokyo were destroyed and the A friend wrote: "That beautiful twelfth church, the largest of them all, work of fifty years swept away, but is very much injured, the total re- not its results, thank God.." And not construction loss being put at $300,- its future! Looking toward what 000 gold. No Kumiai pastors lost seems an almost overwhelming task their lives. The American Board loss we strengthen ourselves in the Lord in the city of Tokyo is only about and say, "Our God is able, and in His $20,000 gold. strength we will go forward."

.JAMES L. BARTON, JULIA H. BRONSON, Secretary of the Woman's Union Secretary of Commissioners for For- eign Missions American Board. Missionary Society.

Woman's Union Missionary Work American Baptist Minionll New York. Japan.

With unspeakable thanksgiving we Holtom and Patterson have reread the message, "BUILDINGS DE" turned and report the Baptist Semi- S'.rROYED. MmSIONARIES SAFE. INFORM nary and residence still standing, as FRIENDS." At the time of the earth- also Axling's and Benninghoff's, Miss quake, fire and tidal wave which Ryder's, Yotsuya, and Immanuel blotted out Yokohama, three fourths Churches and a little of the Taberof Tokyo, and destroyed cities, towp.s nacle, also a little of the Mabie School. and hamlets as yet uncounted, our It is definitely known that Fishers, missionaries were scattered. Had the Gressitts, Holtoms, Toppings, Covells, disaster occurred even a few days and Misses Carpenter, Russell, Jen-

kins, Kludt, W. Acock and Newbury the Sarah Curtis Home Schools, and have lost everything. Also many of three other Baptist churches have suf- our Baptist teachers and preachers fered a similar fate. 'fhe beautiful and scores of our Christians have noth- new Scott Hall, on the campus of Wa- ing and no prospect of ever having seda University, was not destroyed, anything again as banks and post- but it has incurred more or less seri- office records and reports of credit, ous damage.

etc., are also gone. Through it all The losses incurred at Yokohama you hear no complaint, and see no are appalling. They include the wide- tears, but a stolid endurance on the ly known Mabie Memorial School, part of non-Christians and a beautiful where 600 Japanese young men were resignation and trust on the part of receiving a Christian education. This the Christians, (both native and for- was wrecked and three Japanese were eign) ….. Conditions in Tokyo are so killed. The magnificent property of awful that we are told women and the Woman's Society at KanagaW'a, children are forbidden to come in even consisting of the Mary L. Colby if their homes are standing. Miss School, has been damagea, while the Carpenter was in her home at the time residences of five missionary families of the earthquake and was hurled have been burned. The Yokohama back and forth across the room a num- Baptist Church, under the leadership ber of t~mes. Soon after, seeing of a Japanese Baptist pastor, suffered flames on most sides of her, she made a similar fate.

her escape with several Japanese and The situation demands our ready spent two nights in a park with scores response. It is estimated that not dying about her. One missionary re- less than $500,000 will be needed by ports after being in it all for four the two Foreign Societies. Immediate whole days among the flames, the dy- action now may preserve our mission- ing, and the frenzy, that he heard ary work in Japan from ruin and turn never a complaint, saw never a tear the great disaster into a mighty vic- and heard no swearing except that of tory for Christ. Budgets do not forean American tourist who had lost see disaster, but are designated to little, but was cursing the manage- carryon the necessary daily work.• ment around him! It is a miracle that Therefore, a special offering is im- as a mission we suffered no loss of perative to hold our work for the fu- life. ture.

MRs. CHARLES B. TENNY, Reformed Ohurch Hi.sion. Missionary of the American S. S. Empress of Canada, Baptist F. M. S. In Harbor, September 4th.

The property of Woman's Amer- I left Tokyo at 6: 30 Monday night ican Baptist F. M. S. was in the path in the mud and trudged away for of the earthquake. Many buildings Yokohama. There were guards along have been damaged or completely de- the road and the people were in a blue stroyed. Some of our native Chris- funk about Koreans on a rampage, but tians have lost their lives ….. I got through to Yokohama all right, though the way into the city is badly The Baptist loss of property in broken up, and it was only the moon Tokyo includes the destruction of the and the flames of burning coal heaps famous Tokyo Tabernacle, where Dr.

William Axling had been rendering that carried me along. At 12: 30 I such remarkable service for many years. This institutional church, with was below the bluff, but could not neits preaching services, kindergartens, gotiate the canals and made a wide circuit.

night schools, health bureaus, legal . Was held up by guards from 1: 30 bureaus, and community programs, to 3: 30 but slept on the ground.

was totally destroyed by fire. The Sneaked out at 3: 30, started up the Woman's Society's school, known as (Continued on page 922.)

T. F. WU· AND GIRLS RESCUED BY THE PRESBYTERIAN MISSION HOME

SAN FRANCISCO DURING THE PAST TWELVE MONTHS No. 1 is Suet Yung and No. 2 is Ah Lee. both mentioned in the article. Miss Wu· (with spectacles) is the efficient and indispensabl e assistant 'to Miss Donaldtna. Cameron In her rescue wo rk.

Chinese Girl Slavery in America BY CHARLES R. SHEPHERD, Th.D., BERKELEY, OALIFORNIA Director Chinese Missions for American Baptist Home Mission Society. Author of "The W aya of Ah Sin"

I s it true? Can it be possible that such things are taking place today, here in Christian America, and right under our eyes r These questions have been asked me again and again since" The Ways of Ah Sin" came off the press in July.

Not only are these things true, but the half has not been told. The story as published, though lurid enough, was tempered by a sense of delicacy. Moreover, there have since been further revelations such as have eaused me to gasp anew. I can only say again that I am prepared to repeat these statements and to affirm their truth before 893

any court in the United States. Moreover, I know of numerous police and immigration officials who would be willing to make similar state- ments.

The traffic in Chinese girls, from fourteen years of age up, for immoral purposes, is still carried on extensively in the United States, particularly in California, but also in Oregon, Washington, Illinois, New York and other states. Scarcely a week passes but some child of tender years is fraudulently landed and almost immediately sold to some slave owner for sums ranging from four thousand to six thousand dollars each. Most of the time, these girls are hidden from white people, and are constantly moved from place to place in order to escape the watchful eye of those who are trying to free them from this dreadful bondage.

The Presbyterian Chinese Mission Home in California was established by the Woman's Occidental Board of Foreign Missions fifty years ago and the writer counts it a privilege to be associated with this institution and with the American and Chinese women workers who are known the land over for their phenomenal work in the rescue of these unhappy girls. More than two thousand have found refuge in this home since it was established-a wonderful record, but a small number compared with the vast army of those who have lived and died in bondage during the same time. Never a month passes that some girl is not wrested from the clutches of her owner. But alas! they are brought into America faster than they can be rescued. During the past twelve months eighteen such girls have found refuge in the home. The total sum of money paid for – them by their owners amounts to $90,000. I will relate the stories of three typical cases rescued within the past few weeks.

LITTLE AH YEE In the village of Paak Mok Tong, close to the great city of Canton lived a dainty little maid, Ah Yea. She was a refined, sensitive little creature, and really quite beautiful. Her father was dead. There was a family to support and her mother was poor. Then along came J eah Sing Fong, a dashing young adventurer, who had lived some years in the United States and had returned to China with many grand airs. He was attired in the height of fashion and came, he said, to seek a wife, and take her back to "The Flowery Country" (America), there to share with him the prosperity which abounds in the "Golden Hills" (California).

Ah Yee 's mother listened to his story. Her bosom swelled with pride as she heard this young cavalier declare his love for her daughter. She sighed with relief when the agreement was concluded, for she felt that now the family would not suffer from want. So.Ah Yee became a happy bride and set sail for America with Jeah Sing Fong.

Upon their arrival at San Francisco they engaged a room in the

19231 • OlIINESE GIRL SLAVERY IN AMERICA

Golden Gate Hotel on Grant Avenue where an older woman, King Fah, came to call upon the young newly-weds. Nine days later J eah Sing Fong departed, leaving his bride in the keeping of King Fah who took her to what she called her home and led her into a small room in a house on Spofford Alley.

First suspicion, and then alarm swept over the little maid as she gazed upon the furniture, the decorations, and clothing-all of which could mean but one thing-she was to be a lo gooi (prostitute). King Fah stood grinning at her. "Hurry," she said, "and get fixed up. You are to have a caller tonight. "

"No! No! that cannot be. I am the wife of J eah Sing ]'ong." The old woman cackled. "Not any longer," she said, "You belong to me now. I bought YOlf from Jeah Sing Fong. You will never see him again." "But I wiU not be a 10 gooi." "You certainly shall be, until you have paid back to me the four thousand eight hundred dollars I paid for you." Five months later we found poor little Ah Yee, broken in spirit, and terrified by her awful experience at the hands of an owner who beat her unmercifully whenever she showed a lack of enthusiasm about receiving company. At first she was afraid to come with us because of the terrible threats she had heard, that if she ever entered the Home, the "highbinders" would kill her. But today, though it is only.six weeks since we found her, she IS a happy girl again. Not a day passes that she does not urge us to try to find another little maid who was her companion in slavery.

THE STORY OF SUET YUNG I will tell you the story of sixteen-year-old Suet Yung as she told it to me in her native tongue a few days ago.

"I cannot remember my father and mother. They died when I was quite young. In China I was a mooi tsai (domestic slave), and belonged to a family that lived in the village of Poon Yee, about a day's journey from Canton. A little over two years ago a man named Cheng Poon Leung, who has a restaurant business in Vancouver, came back to China and my owner sold me to him for $170. This man took me back to Vancouver. He also had his wife and another mooi tsai and told the immigration authorities that we two girls were his daughters. Mter about two years with this family Jimmie Wong, a young fellow, came up from Seattle and wanted to marry me. We did not get a marriage license but were married according to Chinese custom. I was barely sixteen at the time. Jimmie took me to Seattle where he conducts a large lottery. After two days, we came to San Francisco and he took me to No. 933 Grant Avenue, which is really a brothel, though I did not know that at the time.

"After a few days Jimmie told me that he was hard up and that I would have to help him out. I refused to sell myself as he told me to and started to cry bitterly. Then a woman, named. Choy Kum, entered the room and talked with Jimmy in an undertone. She told me that Jimmie was going to turn me over to her and that she wanted me to earn money for her. When I started to cry again, she only laughed. Nothing more was said about the matter that day, but later Choy Kum returned and paid Jimmie $4,500.00 for me."

"A few days later Jimmie left and I was forced by Choy Kum to become a lo gooi. How I hated this awful life and sometimes cried bitterly and begged my owner not to force me to do such things.

"Things went on this way for five weeks and as 1 thought of the awful years ahead of me I wanted, to kill myself. One night I crept out of bed into the other room where the shrine is kept, and there 1 prayed to the gods to deliver me. Then I went back to bed and as I was lying there sobbing it seemed that I heard a voice, just as though some person were saying, 'Don't grieve any more, help will come soon. ' Then I fell asleep. "

"What you heard was the voice of the heavenly Father, the True God," I said to Suet Yung, when she reached this part of her story. "The gods to whom you prayed are but gods of wood and stone, they were not able to hear your prayer or to help you. But your prayer went right past them and up to the throne of the True God, and He heard, for even while you were praying Christian friends were looking for you."

"Yes, yes!" said Suet Yung. "1 thank the True God for His goodness. "

LEE SINO When newly-made acquaintances came and asked pretty Lee Sing if she. would like to go down to the Hong Kong docks and see a big American steamer, go right inside it and behold all its wonders, she accepted gleefully. She was only a little country girl, less than sixteen years old.

She made a pretty picture as she stood in wonderment upon the deck of the big steamer which lay moored at the dock. Then they took her below to behold still further wonders. Time passed rapidly. Surely it must be time for them to return. She arose from her seat in the little cabin and glanced out of the porthole. What had happened? The dock was nowhere to be seen. Yes, there it was in the distance. The boat was moving rapidly I Water was rushing past the porthole I What did it all meanY Lee Sing soon learned that she was on her way to America with two men and a woman whom she had known only a few days. To one of these men she was to pretend to be married. It was no use • Since this was written. Jinunl.e has been placed under arrest and Is now awaltlng trlal tor Violation of the Mann Aet.

OIDNESE GIRL SLAVERY IN AMERICA

for her to scream or make a fuss. If she would just behave herself all would go well, if not they would kill her. She was on her way to the land which flowed with gold, where she could make big money. She could soon return to China a rich woman.

For twenty-one days she was tutored from a book of questions and answers in order that she might pass the examination at the immigration station. She was landed in San Francisco without trou- ble and was sold for forty-eight hundred dollars t A few months later we found her and heard a story similar to that of Ah Yee and Suet Yung. Last week Lee Sing's sorrows came to an end when late one night she crossed the threshold of the Presbyterian Mission Home.

THREE QUESTIONS How has such a state of affOlirs come to exist in. so-called Christian America?

Why is it so difficult to resctte these little slaves? What can and ought to be done to remedy the situation?

1. I am convinced that this, together with most other unhappy conditions existing in the Chinese communities in America, is very largely due to neglect and exploitation on the part of the American people. For seventy odd years the Chinese have been in our midst, but as a nation we have been largely indifferent to their welfare. We have treated them as an alien, unassimilable group, we have !'!egregated them, we have ostracized them from American society. Newspapermen, short-story writers, novelists and "movie" producers have revelled in their "different" nature. Promoters of "sightseeing trips" have reaped rich harvests by jealously guarding, preserving and parading this difference. Even the churches have treated them too much as an "alien group" and have" gone down to Chinatown to do missionary work." We have worked to snatch a few of them from the evil environment into which circumstances have forced them to live but have bestirred ourselves little enough to clean up that environment.

This condition is also the result of the activities of criminal, societies among the Chinese themselves. These societies, known as Tongs, are organizations which claim to exist for social and benevolent purposes, but in reality they are associations of the criminal classes of Chinese organized for the purpose of promoting crime and protecting criminals. It is the unanimous opinion of missionaries, educators, social workers ahd police officials that these Tongs constitute today the greatest single menace to the social, moral and industrial welfare of the Chinese in the United States. They utterly disregard our laws and operate according to laws of their own making. Upon the most trifling provocation they make war among themselves. They fight until their bloodthirst has for the time been 2

satisfied or until their treasuries are empty. We have permitted them to set up a government within a government, and to dominate the Chinese communities. The result is that the vices which they promote have become deeply intrenched.

2. The rescue of these girls is difficult because of the fraudulent methods of entry employed by the slave owners, members of the above-mentioned societies. They are supported by unscrupulous American attorneys and Chinese interpreters, who assist the slave owners in outwitting the immigration authorities.

These little slaves are kept in the utmost seclusion and are cOn- stantly moved from place to place. They are kept in bondage by the fear of death at the hands of the" highbinders" should they eyer try to escape. By lies they are filled with distrust for the very persons who seek to help them. '

3. To remedy this situation there should be established a much better system for checking up and following up all incoming Chinese women and girls.

There should be established a qualified Christian agency at Hong Kong, the chief port of embarkation, such as will cooperate with the Christian agencies in America to warn these girls before they leave China.

There should, without further delay, be undertaken by the United States Government, a thorough-going investigation of the whole situation.

Commercialized gambling should be suppressed, for wherever there is commercialized gambling there will be slave girls. The two go hand in hand, promoted by the same group. There are hundreds and hundreds of gambling houses running wide open in California, :Washington and Oregon today. How much longer will Christian America tolerate such shameful conditions?

Effort should be made by the United States Government to suppress the secret organizations known as "highbinder tongs." .

We need also to create better social conscience among the Chi- nese themselves by education along definite lines. ..

It may be difficult for Christian readers to believe that such conditions exist, but it is true. Surely the time has come for America to bestir herself and to wipe out this damnable traffic. The responsi- bility for destroying it rests most heavily upon the people of the Church of Jesus Christ. Will you undertake it'

This is an up-to-date article,' telling of conditions that actually exist· today. The Chinese Highbinder Tongs are responsible for most of this devilish traffic. .A fuller statement in regard to these organizationS' is"

contained in Dr. Shepherd's book, "The Ways of.Ah Sin" (Revell); )(i: What is to be done to put an end to this evil? Will some denoiniMtioDJ or organization take up a distinctive piece of work, to upr()ot; ~hjs.evil aI).d~,: to put an end to this disgraceY-EDIToR. .,

MISSION COMPOUND, 1'AMSUJ, NORTH FORMOSA (TAIWAN) FROM THE

Fifty Years in North Formosa BY REV. A. E. ARMSTRONG, .TORONTO, CANADA Joint Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church in Canada.

F IFTY years ago, the first converts, five in number, were bap- tized in North Formosa. Early in June of this year, the formal celebration of the Jubilee of the North Formosa Church was held at Tamsui and Taihoku, the main stations of the Canadian Presbyterian mission. Those first five Christians were .a scholar, a painter, a writer, a carpenter and a farmer. Amid the yells, jeers and taunts of the heathen crowd, they confessed their faith publicly in clear, decisive tones and were baptized "in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost" by Rev. George Leslie MacKay.

Long before MacKay, the pioneer missionary, reached l!'ormosa, the burden of the young Canadian's prayer was that God would give him as his first convert an intelligent, active young man. A Hoa, the scholar, was God's answer. Within two months after MacKay landed at the beautiful harbor of Tansui, the young Chinese scholar came to see him and to question him concerning Christianity. Then he brought another scholar, and again several literati, but MacKay'S words were so convincing that at last A Hoa said "vThat you read now suits me. I love those words, and I am convinced that the doctrines you teach are true. I brought all those graduates and teachers to silence you or to be silenced. I have thought a great deal about these things of late, and I am determined to be a Christian, even though I suffer death for it. The Book you have has the true doctrine, and I should like to study it with you." For over a quarter of a century A Hoa was the chief among the Formosan preachers and 899

on him, more than on any other, there rested the care of all the sixty churches established by MacKay_ Today, after fifty years, more than six thousand Formosans are numbered in the Christian community and a good beginning has been made in the evangelization of the 1,278,- 500 Chinese who constitute more than nine tenths of the population of Nortli Formosa.

George Leslie MacKay was the first missionary, so far as known, to go from the Province of Ontario (then called Upper Canada) to a foreign field.

}i'or twenty-nine years he labored stren- uously and accomplished marvels in preaching, teaching, healing, planting churches and training pastors. Like other pioneer missionaries, he experi- enced, the hatred and the threatenings of the people. He was called the "black-bearded foreign devil. " Stories of the cruelty of missionaries preceded him. It was rumored that the foreign devils put poison in the books which they gave the people to read. They were supposed to poison the wells, gouge out the eyes and hearts of the dead, boiling human bodies and making them into opium. MacKay shared with Dr. Maxwell of the English South For- mosa Mission the evil report thtrt he was fattening his patients in order to kill them. "He had come to show kind~ ness and speak truth, but the heathen heart could not believe it."

Following the first baptisms in 1873, there were in the next few years, THE CHRISTIAN TASK IN FORMOSA "twenty towns and villages opened, One Christian to 122 non-Christians in Formosa-a much higher average than twenty churches built, twenty preach- China or Japan. ers trained for the work, some eight hundred men, women and. children baptized and several hundred more were reckoned friendly to Christianity." In the year 1883, eleven new churches were built on the east coast and 640 were baptized.

Within ten years the five converts had become 1,120 and thirty-four churches had been established.

Through the Franco-China war in 1884 and the Japan-China war ten years later, the infant Church had its faith and courage severely

FIFTY YEARS IN NORTH FORMOSA

tried. Christians were persecuted and tortured by the heathen, their property seized, some of their churches destroyed and their ranks depleted, through removal and death, by seven hundred members. But these reverses proved the sterling character of these Formosan Christians. The Church was soon flourishing again and the Christian cause triumphed in many new villages.

Hostility was beginning to wear down before the kindly, patient life of the missionary. Fierce antagonism had manifested itself in the preventing of the missionary from acquiring church sites and erecting churches. An instance of this is that of Ute effort of the "barbarian missionary" in 1877 to build a church in the city of ONE OF THE FAMOUS TEMPLES OF FORMOSA Bangkah. The people were determined that he should not preach or teach in their city. Proclamations were issued fqrbidding any citizen to rent or sell property to him. Finally, however, MacKay succeeded in renting a little hovel in a dirty narrow street inside the forbidden city. Over the door he had inscribed" Jesus' Holy Temple." But this place had soon to be surrendered, as it turned out to be Chinese military property. , After much prayer with his students and by persistent effort he found another place and put the same inscription over the door. The second day the whole city was in an uproar. Lepers and beggars were hired to molest the missionary. Then the crowd attacked the building, and the house was literally torn to pieces and carried away.

They dug up the foundation stones and stood showing their bate by

spitting on the site. The missionary and his party took refuge in an inn, but this too was attacked.

The Chinese Mandarin and British Consul appeared, but the Consul refused to accede to the Mandarin's request that MacKay be ordered to leave. "See!" said MacKay calmly showing his forceps and his Bible, "I use this to relieve pain of the body, and this gives relief from sin-the disease of the soul. I cannot go until I have given your people the benefit of them. " Soldiers were left on guard and in two or three days the excitement subsided.

MacKay e:t;ected a small building on the original site and commenced work. After a time he purchased a larger site and built a commodious church. In 1884 this church was destroyed, the materials carried away and indignities heaped upon the missionary and his converts. Once again he built a church with stone spire seventy feet high and lightning-rod three feet higher.

That church is still standing, and is being greatly enlarged in this Jubilee Year by the congregation. The natives are not tearing down churches in Formosa today, but instead they are building them. In another place, not far from Bangkah, a Chinese Presbyterian elder recently built and handed over a beautiful church as a gift to his congregation. The days of opposition have gone; the days of opportunity have c,ome.

One of the methods used very effectively by MacKay was the conducting of the peripatetic school. There is a fine theological seminary building at Taihoku today but MacKay managed to train his preachers "out in the open under the spreading banyan tree, with God's blue sky as our vaulted roof." He took his students on long tramps and as they walked he taught them the Word by the study of nature. He was a natural scientist of far more than average ability. So fond was he of the study of rocks and trees, of plants and animals, that he devoted sixty pages, or nearly one fifth of his volume, "From Far Formosa," to a detailed description of the natural history of the island. And he insisted that it should form part of the main section of the book and not be relegated to an appendix.

"It was the daily habit of each one," he writes with reference to the nature-study of his students, "to collect specimens of some kind -plants, flowers, seeds, insects, mud, or clay-and then to examine them at the first halting-place." He built up a fine collection as a museum for the use of his students. "After twenty-three years of accumulation, the study is well furnished, having books, maps, globes, drawings, microscopes, telescope, kaleidoscope, stereoscope, camera, magnets, galvanic batteries and other chemical apparatus, as well as innumerable specimens illustrative of geology, mineralogy, Jotany and zoology."

A sketch of a day with his young helpers he gives thus: "I invariably had from one to twenty students as my daily companions.

CONFERENCE AT THE THEOLOG I CA L SEMINARY, E STABLISHED BY" DR. MACKAY AT TAIHOKU W e began ,each day's work with a hymn of praise. When weather permitted we sat under a t ree-usually the banyan or a cluster of bamboos-and spent the day reading, studying and examining: In t1;le evening we retired to some sheltered spot, and I explained a passage of Scripture to the students and others gathered with them. Indeed, wherever night overtook us, in all our journeyings, I spoke on a part of God's truth, ever keeping the students in view. '1'hey took notes, studied them, and were prepared for review on the following day. "

Whenever a church was established, students and missionary would remain a week or a month "studying daily till 4 P; M. All were trained in singing, speaking and debating. After four, we made visitations to converts and heathen in the vicinity. Students were frequently invited to dine with friends, and thus they had golden opportunities for presenting the truth. Every evening a public service was held in the chapel. "

As they journeyed together, they conversed about things pertaining to the work of the Christian minister. "AU manner of subjects were then discussed-the gospel, the people, the way to present the truth, and God, the Author of all."

It was MacKay'S constant aim to train his men "to become efficient workers, fluent speakers, skilful debators, and successful

preachers. The college is now the center of our work, but whatever helps to develop the faculties of the students, inform their minds, or chasten their hearts, is pressed into service."

The very heart of the Christian enterprise in non-Christian lands is the training of a native ministry. "Let it be clearly understood,"

said MacKay, "that the mission stands for a trained ministry." Nor is anything less than a thoroughly trained ministry adequate to develop a strong, independent Church that will care for the development of its new members-raw converts from heathenism. MacKay maintained that "whatever good an uneducated minister may accomplish in Christian lands, he is next to useless among the heathen. Be it foreign or native, the ministry that will command the respect of the people and will endure must be intelligent as well as zealous."

Pulling teeth was one of Dr. MacKay's methods of overcoming suspicion and hostility. He had taken a short course in medicine before leaving Canada but he knew nothing of dentistry. One day in 1873 he and his students were followed by some soldiers who had been detailed to watch "the black-bearded barbarian's" movements. One soldier was suffering great pain from a decayed tooth. He exclaimed, "There is a worm in it. " Sharpening a piece of hard wood, the mi&,'lionary removed the tooth. "The poor soldier wept for joy and ,was most profuse in his gratitude." Years later, as an officer, this soldier defended the foreigner when he was being reviled by a mob. .

MacKay then had a crude set of forceps hammered out by a blacksmith. Later he secured the very best instruments from New York and trained his students to extract teeth as a means of winning the people. He recorded that they "frequently extracted a hundred teeth in less than an hour." He, himself, extracted a total of over 21,000 while his students accounted for about 10,000. "Toothextracting has been more effective than anything else in breaking down prejudice and opposition," he declared.

Today there is a fine hospital, the "MacKay Memorial," at Taihoku. The "Oxford College" built at Tansui is now succeeded by a modern theological seminary with an enrolment of twenty stu- dents in training for the ministry. For the Boys' High School, con- ducted for nine years by George MacKay, Jr., a group of buildings costing $60,000 is being constructed within sight of the pioneer's grave. A fine building was recently provided for the Girls' Boarding School. To complete the list of institutions needed for the work of the mission, there is a school for the training of Biblewomen.

Opposition has been converted into opportunity; the missionary is no longer suspected, he is respected, and, indeed, by some non- Christians as well as Christians, he is beloved. The Boys' High School is an excellent recruiting-ground for the ministry. Though most are not Christians upon entering, yet almost all are followers

FIFTY YEARS IN NORTH FORMOSA 90s

of Christ before graduating. The writer, in 1919, asked a graduating class of nine how many intended preparing to be ministers of the Gospel. Seven stood up while the other two indicated their intention of serving their people as Christian physicians.

The Church now has fifty-six ministers and is steadily progressing toward self-support, self-management and self-extension-the aim of all foreign mission effort. In 1912 the contributions amounted to Yen 7,154, whereas in 1921, a total of Yen 26,020 was contributed, or the equivalent of $13,000.

But while much has been accomplished, much more would have been done had the Church in Canada been more loyal in sending reinforcements to her brave little band of men and women missionaries.

After fifty years there are only twenty missionaries in the Canadian mission. The mission is appealing urgently for men and women evangelists, doctors, teachers, a director of religious education, a business manager, nurses, a music teacher, and a domestic science teacher.

The challenge thus presented is that the Canadian Presbyteri~n Church furnish staff sufficient to care for the various activities of the mission and to help the indigenous Church in its task of evangelizing. over one million people. As Rev. G. A. Williams, one of the missiollaries, writes "If during the past fifty years the Church in Formosa has come up to its present status; in spite of a decidedly and continuously undermanned staff of missionaries, what might she do in the next fifty years if Canada will only supply men?"

The Jubilee celebrations were saddened by the fact that Rev. William Gauld, D.D., the senior missionary, was ill beyond the possibility of recovery. On June 11th he passed away. Great was the sorrow in both mission and Church. For thirty years he had labored for the Formosan people. His many qualifications enabled him to render large service in the erection of substantial buildings, the handling of finances, the teaching of the students and the advising and guiding of the growing Church. He was principal of the theological seminary, which building he had constructed "and, therefore, he was the real successor to G. L. MacKay with whom he and his talented wife had labored for nine years.

The last message of Dr. MacKay to the Canadian Church, in 1901, furnishes a fitting close to this brief sketch: uWill Formosa be wonfor Christ? No matter. what may come in the way, t'he final victory is as sure as the emstence of God. With that thought firmly fixed, there will be but one shout, 'And blessed be His glorious name forever, and let the whole earth be filled with His glory. Amen and Amen.' "

Industrial Mission that

BY GUY C. CONVERSE, OSAKA, JAPAN Honorary Secretary of the Y. M. C. A.

NOT far from Kyoto, in Omi, one of the central provinces of Japan, at Hachiman, a local station where express trains make no stop, the traveler will find a fine piece of independent missionary work known as the Omi Mission. The province is long and narrow and the center of it is occupied by Lake Biwa, the largest body of fresh water in Japan. The local train from Kyoto to Tokyo winds along following in general the shores of the lake and making numerous stops at various towns and villages, where you· may find small groups of Christians scattered like the proverbial mustard seed which is the symbol of Omi Mission.

One beautiful day in June of this year I journeyed there, as I had done often before, to attend the fifth anniversary of the founding of the Tuberculosis Sanatorium. The monthly Mission meeting was in progress on the open hillside under the trees and to one who knew the small beginning, only a few years ago, the sight was hard to believe. Here were nearly 100 members of the Omi Mission, gathered for a monthly conference, everyone displaying keen interest in this work which he looks upon as partly his own.

Eighteen years ago William Merrill Vories, a young college graduate from Colorado, was recommended by the International Committee of the Y. M. C. A. as an English teacher in the Japanese government commercial school in the drowsy town of Hachiman. The young man was intensely interested in young men and in Christ's Kingdom and four Bible classes were soon started which soon had over three hundred members most of whom were led into the Christian life. Rival religious interests (Buddhism and Shinto) soon took note, wires were pulled and the young teacher was discharged, just at the moment when he had put every cent he had, as well as a considerable amount given by his friends, into a Christian dormitory for his student friends.

This was the beginning of Omi Mission. E. V. Yoshida, a young student who had just been graduated from the Commercial School, offered to share his living with his former teacher. Thus an international cooperative group of two men was formed, each responsible forhis own support, and the friendship and comradeship in work have continued to this day.

The first of the industrial work, which has been a distinguishing feature of Omi Mission, was born of necessity. The young American teacher had studied architecture and offered his services to any of the missions with building problems on their hands. Gradually op- 906 portunities came and the first income from the architectural department came from two missionary ladies vho wished a new dormitory built for their students. A modern Y. M. C. A. was needed in a neighboring city and the first big task came in supervising its construction. Every year has seen an increase in this service until today banks, department stores, Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A., churches, residences for Japanese as well as for missionaries, and mission schools, to the number of thirty or more at a time are always on the drawing boards, with twenty-five to thirty men employed in this department alone.

SOME EVANGELIZING PLUMBERS OF THE OM! MISSION The mission work, financed by this department, has grown until it has spread over the villages of the whole province. The budget has grown to 60,000 or 70,000 yen per year, eight-ninths of which is provided by the various industrial departments.

In addition to the architectural office, the Omi Sales Company serves as an importing agency dealing especially in building materials and equipment such as is needed in building. The agency for various American products has brought considerable business and that department reported sales of over 7,000 yen for the month of May this year.

The question of the plumbing in foreign buildings was a difficult one,for the Mission was not out simply to employ a plumber-he must be a Christian worker as well. In vain did they advertise for such a man, until it became a joke; friends insisting that plumbing

and Christianity did not go together.. After seven years Mr. and Mrs. Dotzbach came out as members of the Mission and the plumbing department was overwhelmed with jobs at once. Less than two years have passed and now twenty-six Japanese young men, mainly Middle School graduates, are learning to become Christian plumbers. At the monthly mission meeting one of them reported that the little plumbing group working in Osaka had started a Sunday-school in a suburb having no church. They had seventy to one hundred pupils and as several large jobs would keep them in Osaka for a year they hoped to leave a church behind them when they left there. Surely this is Christian plumbing when the workmen in a non-Christian community can leave behind a church as a by-product of their plumbing, to say nothing of the honest technical service they have rendered.

In the early days of Omi Mis- sion work Japanese business men used to remark "Christian ideals are all very well but you can't use them in business." The Omi Mis- sion industrial departments have as one of their main objects to prove the falsity of that statement.

Ohristian living and Christian business dealings they consider as one of their strongest assets in the preaching of the Gospel. The en- THE "GALILEE MARU" tire mission works upon the new A torty.fiv~:"10n1~~~C~m~·~ls~::'nevangelistic economic basis. There is the eight-hour day, Sunday holiday, no smoking nor drinking, wages adjusted to the needs of the family, no distinction between races. It is of interest to note that tIle wages or allowances of several of the Japanese workers have been larger than that of Mr. Vories, the founder of the enterprise.

The sanatorium for tuberculosis patients is one of the main social service features of this Mission. This sanatorium with a capacity of some thirty-five patients aims to provide a small model hospital where nurses can be trained, a few cases cared for and a larger number kept for a short time until they can be taught how to care for themselves in regard to food, rest, sunshine, fresh air, etc. In all of the foregoing, especially in nurses' training and hospital administration, Japan, which is so modern in many other things, is still far behind. There is scarcely a hospital or medical school in

AN INDUSTRIAL MISSION THAT EVANGELIZES

Japan where these things are practiced with any degree of success. The great health programs, with their diet, fresh air and rest, upon which so much propaganda has been spent in Western countries in the past few years, are still to be promoted in Japan and Omi Sanatorium is helping to lead the way. Both doctors and architects of the new and projected government and municipal sanatoria have visited 000 Sanatorium for ideas as to plan and equipment.

In trying to judge the effectiveness of any piece of industrial mission work, some standards must be set up. One of the first will be t echnically expert. It is usually easy to find fault with any institution. When however, the problems of the architectural, sales and plumbing departments are considered in detail, it is apparent both AN OMI SUNDAY SCHOOL TEACHERS' INSTITUTE ·MEETING IN A' GROVE AT HACHIMAN from work done and from the continual growth in size and reputation, that they have filled and are filling a long felt want. When the work is compared with anything e~se obtainable in Japan, the service rendered by the architectural department is very apparent. It is certainly putting it conservatively to say that there are a host of buildings, residences, churches, schools, etc., that are much better built than they would have been had there been no Omi Mission Architectural Department. The second question to be asked is: Does it produce revenue for the mission1 The answer is in the fact that eight-ninths of the yearly budget of 60,000 to 70,000 yen is provided by these departments.

Third: Does it provide for the future by building up an indigenous organization 7 One can simply present the evidence and allow others to judge. The strong personality of the founder is felt in every department. Of the one hundred or more members, all the

workers are Japanese except nine. From the beginning foreigners and Japanese have been upon an eqnal footing. I believe that if Vories were withdrawn there would be change but the whole institu- tion wonld go on. His personality does not dominate mission policy any more than does that of certain missionaries in some of the mis- sion boards. All departments are already under Japanese managers.

Probably no new foreign leader would be necessary to carry on the work as it is now operating. .

Fourth: Is it controlled by foreigners 1 Members of the mission must all serve an apprenticeship of three years before becoming full 'Voting members. All affairs are in the hands of an executive commit- tee of seven elected without regard to race. At times there has been but one of the seven a foreigner. However, as all decisions must be unanimous the number makes but little difference. The mission i~ organized with the idea of a large amount of democracy. There are no absentee directors and no fixing of policy or finance at any foreign ~~ .

Fifth: Does it gain entrance to new fields of work 01' experiment with new methods 1 The country people are by no means a new field of work, but this mission is the first to specialize on rural evangelism alone. The work of the" Galilee Maru" on Lake Biwa, a large launch capable of housing a group of evangelists, has served to scatter the Gospel seed far and wide among the little villages situated around the shores of the lake. The industrial work creates new contacts with people who would not in many cases be reached by any other approach. Sixth: Does it produce conversions 7 Yes; hundreds have been led to a definite decision for Christ. But its objective is primarily to seek for and enlist a greater proportion of Christian workers, lay and ecclesiastical. The conversion of the community, the conversion of business men's methods., the conversion of social customs, are more emphasized by this mission, without neglecting the personal conversion of the individual; that converts may have a more healthful atmosphere in which to grow. There is a heavy loss in the mission field from relapses due to the stifling i;.Jiuences of the ancient social order. Seventh: Does it establish churches 1 The church in Hachiman, although once started more than thirty years ago, was without building or pastor and comprised but a half-dozen believers when Mr. Vories came to the town. Today it is among the strongest selfsupporting churches in Japan. Other groups are partly or wholly organized into churches, and the aim of the mission is to form all gronps of converts into self-supporting churches of the denomination of their own choice. The method of achieving this differs from the older organizations chiefly in the absence of sectarian basis and of either money or control from abroad.

AN INDUSTRIAL MISSION THAT EVAl.'l"GELIZES

Eighth: Is it spiritually inclined? Does it link up with the great unseen forces of God? I think every one who has visited Hachiman would answer this in the affirmative. The work was born in prayer, and continued in the midst of persecution and difficulty only through the faith and strength derived from the same source. There is a fine combination of energy, hard work and individual initiative, combined with dependence upon God for the superhuman parts of the tasks.

The development of the industrial departments of Omi Mission has synchronized with the industrial development of Japan into a THE MAIN BUILDING OF THE OMI HOSPITAL place among the first class powers. During these eighteen years, the great cities have developed, huge fortunes have been made, wages and. costs of living tripled, and withal Japan has progressed far tow.ard .becoming an industrial nation. In the face of these tre- mendous opportunities, the leaders of Omi Mission have been quick to understand new needs and offer solutions. Such vision and initia- tive, coupled with like opportnnity should always lead to material sUCCess. The marvel is that with the larger and larger organization ·there has continued unabated that evangelical zeal for the spread of Chris.tian truth and the spiritualization of everyday tasks which make this work an inspiration to thousands who have come in contact "with it. ".

Christian Church in

BY REV. A. OLTMANS, D.D., TOKYO, JAPAN Missionary of the Reformed Church in America, 1886- T HE three great sections of the historic Christian Churoo- Roman Catholic, Greek Orthodox and Protestant-are all rep- resented in present-day Christianity in Japan. The Roman Catholic Church is in its second period of existence, the first having been from 1549 till 1637. The beginning of its second period synchro- nizes with the introduction of the Greek Orthodox and Protestant Churches a few years after the reopening of Japan to Western inter- ~iirse by Commodore Pe~ry in 1854. .

!,~ 1 Undoubtedly the memory of the history of Roman Catholicism ap., the' earlier period has been ahindranee ,to the progress of that :Church in Japan. The .work is everywhere' carried on'in a remark- 'ably quWt ':mann'er, partlj due tothefact'or'its isolation from every- thing,that does not belongto its:own:co1lltllririion. IncOnsequence of :thisisolation, 'detailed statistics concerniIigthe Roman Catholic !Church are very difficult to obtain, and its niethodsof 'working are known orily to those inside. It claims a membership 'of about 76,000 ~n-c2a3 congregations of which 78 are reported as 'self:':supporting: "A 'rEicent writer states that its 'membership is largely among the upper cla:sses of 'society on the one hand, and the lower classes on the other, in 'contrast with the Protestant Church which has its membership largely among the educated middle class. ..", Another contrast is that, according to statistics in the' ,Japanese Year Book" (1921-22, p. 105), the foreign workers in the Catholic Church are more than two and one half times as many as the Japa- nese workers, while in the Protestant Church this proportion is more than reversed. In the Greek Orthodox Church there are only two foreign workers and 117 Japanese.

The amounts raised for self-support by both the Roman Catholic Church and the Greek Orthodox in Japan are reported to be about one yen (50c) per member, while the Protestant Church reports over ten yen ($5) per member.

From the almost total absence of foreign workers in the Greek Orthodox Church it follows that its government, especially in all local affairs, is largely in the hands of the Japanese. Its membership (37,000), is about half as large as that of the Roman Catholic Church.

It is little known for any vigorous activity either evangelistic or edu- cational, or along the line of social service. Seemingly its influence upon the thought and life of the Japanese nation is not great. In fact, it needs no violent stretch of the imagination to see this Church dwindle out of existence in Japan during the course of the next few 912 years. An effort was made a short time ago, according to report, to sell the Greek Cathedral on one of the most prominent sites in the city of Tokyo. If this eventuated, it would probably mark the beginning of the end of Greek Orthodox Christianity in Japan.

The Protestant Church was not received with open arms by the' Japanese when its first missionaries arrived in 1859. It took thirteen years of considerable labor before the first Japanese church was organized (March 10, 1872), with only eleven members, nine of whom, all young men, were baptized that same day. Outside of these eleven, there were at that time only eight baptized Protestant J apanese Christians in the whole Empire.

Some of the things that characterized this first Protestant organization in Japan are prophetic of what the Protestant Church in Japan has largely stood for and striven after. These things are comprehended in the one fundamental fact that this was a purely Japanese Church, The name, "The Church of Christ" was the name of neither of the two Churches, the Presbyterian and the (Dutch) Reformed, the labor of whose missionaries led to the organization of the Church. Some time after its organization the name was changed to " Union Church, " and later to "Church of Christ in Japan," which it bears at present.

This Church, the largest numerically in Japan, has always stood for three essentials of an indigenous Church: self-government, selfsupport and self-propagation. Its ecclesiastical functions have always been exercised by the ,:fapanese themselves" the foreign missionaries taking part therein only so far as the Japanese chose to have them do so.

This Church has made self-support a condition of organization as a regular church, classifying those not wholly self-supporting as "mission churches." It has its own "Board of Missions" caring for a small number of weak churches in Japan and carrying on most of its operations in Formosa, Korea, Manchuria and China. In all of these places it works for the Japanese residing in those parts. To help forward this work the North Presbyterian Mission of Japan has a missionary stationed at Port Arthur, Manchuria, and another at Seoul, the capital of Korea. In Formosa three Protestant Churches of Japan-the "Church of Christ in Japan," the "Kumi-ai" (Congregational) and the "Sei Kokwai" (Episcopal) are at work among the Japanese. The first has five wholly self-supporting and three partly self-supporting churches at eight stations. The "Kumi-ai" has one church in Formosa with a membership of 184, and the "Sei Kokwai" has two churches with a combined membership of 160. There are no foreign missionaries connected with this work for the Japanese in Formosa, but the foreign members of the two missions of the "Presbyterian Church of England" and the "Presbyterian Church in Canada," while laboring almost exclu- 3

sively for the Chinese-Formosan population of the Island, are having more and more contact with the Japanese workers, especially along Christian educational lines. They are also appealing to the Japanese churches for joint efforts among the 130,000 "Aborigines" of Formosa for whom thus far little or nothing has been done.

In Shanghai, China, the "Church of Christ in Japan" has two organized churches of Japanese Christians. In recent years efforts have been made by Japanese in Shanghai to evangelize Chinese, but owing to the very strong suspicions on the part of the Chinese, this work is exceedingly difficult.

The "Kumi-ai" (Congregational) Church in Japan has for some years been working in Korea for the Koreans and their latest reports show 143 organized congregations with a membership of 14,- 000 of whom 6,000 are" associates. " They were originally connected with the "Kumi-ai" body in Japan, but recently they have been set apart as an independent Korean Ohurch.

Independence, self-government and self-support are also the characteristics of the "Kumi-ai" Ohurch in Japan in connection with which the Oongregational missionaries labor.

The same can be said for the "Methodist Church" in Japan in the matter of self-support, but it has taken the foreign name, and the relation of foreign missionaries to the Ohurch is somewhat different from that in the "Ohurch of Christ" and in the "Kumi-ai" body.

This difference is still greater in the "Sei Kokwai" with which all the Episcopal mission forces in Japan are carrying on their operations.

Add to the above mentioned four Protestant bodies the "Baptist Church," and in these five communions are found fully five sixths of all the Protestant Ohristians in Japan. This is what "group union" in Japan has thus far been able to accomplish. Any further step towards organic union of two or more of these communions is not in evidence at present.

The entire Protestant Ohristian membership in Japan proper, according to the latest statistics, is about 120,000, and the so-called "Ohristian constituency" numbers somewhat over 142,000. Of its 1,350 organized churches about one fifth are wholly, and over two thirds are partly, self-supporting.

Its ministry, as far as pastoral care of churches and local work is concerned, is almost, if not en!irely, Japanese. The relation of foreign missionaries, as far as it exists, is simply that of "helpers." Christian education in mission schools and preaching at large constitute in the main the present field of missionary activity in Japan.

What evangelistic work is directly under the care of the Missions is nevertheless largely done by the Japanese evangelists, so that in this sphere also the missionary is virtually a helper, though in com-

THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH IN JAPAN

mon terminology the Japanese evangelist is more often spoken of as a helper of the missionary.

Various attempts have been made to get more real cooperation between the organized Japanese Churches and the mission forces in what may be called evangelistic work at large. This work is in Japan still such a huge task, growing more so every year with the very large increase in population over the increase in numbers of Christian believers, and with the rapid increase of very serious economic, social and moral problems in Japan, that the Japanese Church senses today, more deeply than ever before, the urgent need of uniting in real dynamic fellowship all the available Christian forces for the accomplishment of this task.

.A. very decided step along this line has recently been taken by the "Kumi-ai" Church and the Congregational Mission, and a somewhat similar plan of cooperation is under consideration liy the" Church of Christ in Japan" and the Presbyterian and Reformed Missions cooperating with that body. On a larger scale a closer cooperation is sought ~etween the" Federation of Christian Churches in Japan" and the "Federation of Christian Missions in Japan" by the formation of a "Council," representative of both these bodies, which would likely develop into the absorption of both bodies into the " Council. "

This desire for cooperation has always to reckon with, and nearly always runs counter to, the still stronger desire on the part of the Japanese to work independently of foreign bodies. This is the rock upon which nearly every scheme of such cooperation in the past has been wrecked. My own conviction, after thirty-seven years of very happy life and labor with the Japanese, is that a desire of the Japanese workers for a closer cooperation with foreign forces, especially with organized foreign bodies, is almost always a case of (( shikata ga nai" (no help for it) on their part. And as the ideal objective of a foreign missionary always is, or should be, to make himself unnecessary on the foreign field, we cannot but rejoice, in principle, that the Japanese have this dominant desire for independence of action. The conclusion of this matter is that every missionary in Japan "rejoices with trembling" over any plan of cooperation between the Japanese Churches and the Missions. By saying "Japanese Churches" and "Missions" I mean to intimate that when it comes down to cooperation of individuals, the "trembling" is frequently reduced to a negligible minimum.

The influence of Protestant Christianity upon the thought and life of Japan very much exceeds what is represented in its numerical strength. Much soil has been and is being prepared for a rich spiritual harvest in the future which we hope is not so very far off.

The future of the Christian Church in Japan is veiled in mystery inscrutable to any human foresight. What will be her place in the

coming history of Japan, and what her real part in bringing in the Kingdom of God in Asia, who would venture to forecasU That the Christian Church would stand, even if all foreign mission work were to cease in a day, I firmly believe. Such a seeming, and almost unthinkable calamity might even be a blessing in disguise. I cannot make myself to believe that today the foreign missionary factor in the work and development of Christianity in Japan adds to its popularity, though it does still add greatly to its efficiency. The reproach cast upon Christian leaders in Japan by not a few non-Christians, that the Christian Church is the only institution in the land that is still leaning heavily upon foreign support, is not easy to bear for highly sensitive Christian leaders, except by the special grace of God and by two strong convictions-first, that such help from abroad is still necessary for the Church's task, and secondly,that the Church of God is one throughout all the earth, and hence mutual assistance in the work without regard to race or nationality, where neoossary, is never a real reproach.

As to the influence of the Japanese Christian Church upon the other people of Asia, it is my conviction that each nation in Asia will be evangelized ultimately by its own people with more or less of help from Western missionary forces as each case may require. Reasons, obvious to anyone acquainted with the Orient, could easily be given for the belief that the Japanese Christian Church of today is not ip. a position to make much impress upon the rest of Asia. The oft-quoted saying: "As goes Japan so goes the Orient," may sound well as a bit of rhetoric, but as far as Christianity is concerned, about 100 per cent of its truth is still to be proven. All this does not mean that the Christianization of Japan would not be a mighty stimulus and a most convincing apologetic to the whole enterprise of Christianizing the Orient. But, speaking comparatively, and taking it by and large, the process of Christianizing a nation is today about as far advanced in Korea, Ch~na and India, as it is in Japan. Each nation must ultimately "work out its own salvation." Strange as it may seem, certainly as things are at present, the East will take from the West far more readily than one Oriental nation will take from another. I believe this fact is based upon an underlying principle which operates in human society throughout the world. Hence, what outside help for the Christianization of the Oriental nations anyone of them may need, must come largely from the West.

INSPIRATION TO THE NEGRO

Negro boys and girls, representing var iouB trad es and industries , groulled about the Booker Washington Monum ent at Tuskegee Boys and Girls Behind the Color Line BY ROBERT R. MOTON, TUSKEGEE, ALABAMA Principal of Tuskegee Institute T HE color line in America is in large part a barrage laid down for political, economic, and sometimes purely social purposes that serves to keep two races apart. Very often it also keeps both races in ignorance of the best that goes to make up the life of each. This ignorance is perhaps greatest on the side of the color line occupied by the whites, among whom comparatively little is known of what obtains among Negroes behind the color line. This barrage has in effect obscured from the great mass of white Americans the progress that has gone on within the Negro race in the last sixty years and the efforts which the race itself is putting forth to overcome the difficulties and disadvantages that are the natural consequent!e of nearly two hundred fillil :fifty years of slavery.

Poverty is one of the first handicaps to be overcome by Kegro boys and girls who seek to make themselves useful to themselves, their race and their country. This does not mean that many Negroes suffer physical hardships from poverty, but where food, clothes an~ shelter are provided there is not much left for the average Negro boy and girl, particularly in education. Most colored boys and girls make their way in education either at the cost of great sacrifice to their parents at home, or by their own persistence and diligent efforts. This arises because of the fact that for the great mass of these young people, public school facilities are still meager. In the majority of cases, these young people must go off to boarding-school 917

to get the high school and college education that are not provided. for them in the public school system. This process, however, produces a fine type of manhood and womanhood that is resourceful, self-reliant, courageous and hope- ful.

The various industrial schools in the South have in the past en- abled worthy students to earn a part or all of their expenses for school- ing by performing tasks necessary to the maintenance of the institu- tion. Thus industrial education itself is the chief means provided to enable colored boys and girls to overcome this handicap of poverty. In these schools, along with the usual literary branches, they are taught some definite trade or voca- tion which will fit them to maintain themselves and to be useful mem- bers of society. In the years that have followed since the introduction A BOY WHO, AT SEVENTEEN, PLANNED of this type of education for colored AND BUILT A HOUSE FOR HIS FATH~R boys and girls, the race has ad- vanced with wonderful strides in the direction of land and home ownership, business enterprise and general economic progress. Behind the color line, Negroes will be found today operating farms, building houses, operating machinery, building ships, building skyscrapers, conducting shoe stores, clothing stores, drug stores, grocery stores and other business enterprises, managing banks and nearly every other phase of economic activity demanded by the needs of their people.

In the same way, Negro boys and even girls, are being trained to take their places in theprofessions. At present, there are only two medical schools for Negroes in the United States, but .one or THE HOUSE HE PLANNED AND BUILT more young colored men will be found stUdying medicine in almost all of the medical schools of the North. And from time to time, young women are preparing them- selves to fill the large demand within the race for practicing phy- sicians, for pharmacists, for nurses, for directors of hospitals and

BOYS AND GIRLS BEHIND THE COLOR LINE

similar technical service in ministering to the health of their own people in which many of those who have preceded them have already attained high rank in the profession.

A great many boys and girls in the Negro race look forward to teaching as a life work. To prepare themselves for this service, the majority must attend schools conducted for the most part under denominational agencies. The need for teachers within the race still keeps far in advance of the available supply. To enter this field ofttimes calls for a great sacrifice, because there are many places where the school equipment is very poor, where the salaries are small and the school term is short. But it is a thrilling thing to attend one of the summer schools for teachers scattered through the various states of the South and discover the zeal and even enthusiasm A "PIG CLUB" IN ONE FAMILY-AND THEIR PIGS with which so many men and women of the race devote themselves to the cause of education. To an increasing degree they are taught that the most effective school-teaching is that which links the school and home together, and the school becomes a real agency for directly improving the conditions of home life for all who are sheltered there.

Another large field for leadership is in the Church, and in the Young Men's Christian Association and Young Women's Christian Association. Perhaps among no group in America has the church so strong an influence as among the colored people and for a long time the minister has been tho outstanding leader amoug the people. There are nearly forty institutions which provide training for colored ministers, which each year send their graduates into this field of service. But these supply only a small percentage of the men who actually enter the ministry. The Young Men's and Young Women's Christian Associations are strongly developed in the larger cities

and exert a most helpful influence in providing a wholesome atmo- sphere for the social development of colored young men and women. Some of our best trained young people are entering actively and heartily upon association work where they bring to our boys and girls high ideals, inspiring outlook and elevating standards of living.

The Women's Clubs scattered throughout the country are also active in enlarging the opportunities for the best development of Negro youth. In the rural districts, club work among boys and girls is more largely developed than it is in the cities. The young people in this work are encouraged and helped in pig-raising, in gardening, in poultry-raising, in cooking, in sewing, in various forms of handi- craft, all linked with games and other recreational features which tend to promote the best physical development. Another helpful movement recently inaugurated within the race is a "Go To High School and College Movement"

THE OLD COLORED SCHOOL HOUSE sponsored by the Greek letter fra- ternities of the colleges and aim- ing to impress upon the minds of parents as well as their children the fundamental value of thorough training for life's work.

There is behind the color line on the side of the colored people a strong consciousness of the needs of the race and a great ambition to achieve the highest standards of American citizenship. Colored people are not unmindful of the difficulties which this color line creates for them and for their children. Not only must a colored boy do as well as a white boy, but if he is to be accepted at all, he must do even better than the other fellow. As a matter of fact, the number of calls that come to such institutions as Tuskegee, Hampton, Fisk, Morehouse, Talladega, Howard and Lincoln, for capable young men and women to take positions of leadership, of responsi- bility and large usefulness among their people, is beyond the ability of these institutions to supply. Whatever disadvantages colored boys and girls may face, either 'in their efforts to train themselves for service, or in trying later on to find a place for the employment of their talents, the fact is that no efficient, reliable, ambitious young colored man or woman need fail of finding employment if he is not afraid to work, if he is not afraid of some sacrifice' and hardship, and if his chief purpose is to be of service.

This last word "Service" may be said to be the slogan of educational work and character development among Negro boys and girls.

The effort is made on every hand to impress upon their minds that

'I1I11' IIJIII!

IIIIII THE NEW SCHOOL HOUSE-ONE OF THE ROSENWALD SCHOOLS FOR NEGROES whatever difficulties may. confront them in American life, these difficulties will be most easily overcome in proportion as they approach them with the idea of service wherever it is needed. Doctor Washington used constantly to say to the students at Tuskegee and to the race at large that the factors that would finally overcome all disadvantages created bY ,the color-line were character and service, and the stronger the character and the more efficient the service the morE') readily and effectively would color prejudice. be conquered. Then he would point to such persons as Maria Baldwin of Boston whose efficiency as a teacher enabled her to secure and hold her place as principal of one of the best grammar schools of the city for years; to Paul Lawrence Dunbar whose poems both in dialect and classical English won the praise of William Dean Howells who named him as one of the great poets of America; to Henry O. Tanner whose paintings on 'Bible themes hang in the great art galleries of the world; to Doctor Dan Williams of Chicago who has the distinction of having performed the first successful operation upon the human heart; to George W. Carver in Alabama whose research work with the peanut, the sweet potato and the pecan is doing so much for agricultural and economic development in the South; to Maggie L. Walker who stands as the first and perhaps the only woman bank president in America; and hundreds of others whose character Qoupled with efficiency have enabled them to overcome the handicaps of race and win the deserved tribute of good American citizens.

NEWS FROM DEVASTATED AREAS to fear that everything had gone. The IN ,JAPAN new Woman's Christian College build- (Continued from page 892.) ings outside the city are practically intact. bluff. The road fiUedwith wreckage It is impossible at present to estiand barely passable in spots. All mate the total Christian loss, but of houses burnett I f01,llld Union Church course it has been very great ….. a heap I Fertlli burned to thecground ! The churches have been hard hit, and I went out to the M. E. Protestant it will take them a long while to reschool-badly wrecked. Then was cover. We have no details as yet as able to get on this boat. Yokohama to the safety of many pastors and 95% a wreck. H. V. S. PEEKE, evangelists, but we know that Dr. Ibuka is here in Karuizawa with his Missionary of the Reformed family. Dr. Uemura was in Gotemba, Church in America. Miss Mitaui is safe in Joshi Gakuin.

Presbyterian Mission. Mr. Kobayashi, returning from a trip found all his family, wife and four Karuizawu" Japan, children, burned with his house. He September 3, 6 and 7, 1923. is stated clerk of Synod, and secre- Of Christian property, all of Tsu- tary of the Home Mission Board. We kiji, the former Concession, has been are still in the dark as to Pastor Mori swept away', including our two mis- and Pastor Sasakura of Yokohama, sionary residences, and those of other where both churches have been de- Missions, all the Episcopal property stroyed.

including the international hospital, Our schools will probably have to the Middle School, the Girls' School work day and night to accommodate and several residences. Mrs. Landis's our own students and the students household goods have all been burned, from the many government schools the only loss of that kind affecting which have been burned. Evangelistic any member of our Mission. The big opportunities will also be increased.

Russian Cathedral is gone, also the We who are located in Tokyo need Y. M. C. A. properties down-town, and the prayers of the Board and of our all the churches of the district, in- constituency in order that we may cluding Mr. Uemura's church and the- meet the great spiritual opportunities ological seminary. Miss Tsuda's Eng- whirh now face us.

lish school also Mrs. Hani'8 have been GEORGE W. FULTON, burned. Our Joshi Gakuin just es- Missionary of the Presbyterian caped, the fire coming near on all Church, U. S. A.

sides, and leaving it untouched except The Missions of the Presbyterian as it is damaged by the earthquake. Church in the United States of Amer- ica estimates that over $315,000 will Meiji. Gakuin also escaped, but it is be needed to replace property. Of considerably damaged by the shaking. this amount $90,000 is for mission We think both these schooli:l can be property destroyed or damaged, $20,- put in shape without. tearing down. 000 to relieve Japanese pastors, The Bible school property of Mrs. $5,000 for missionaries' personal loss- MacNair and Miss West is almost un- es, $100,000 for Japanes'e churches harmed, and the Shinagawa Kinder- and schools and $100,000 for union garten is in fair condition. Though relief work. Keimo Kindergarten building was burnt, and will not be rebuilt. The Tsunohasu property which the Wom- Methodist Epi8copal Misdon. an's Christian College is now using also is safe except for some damage Tokyo, Sept. 6, 1923.

by the quake. We feel very thankful "I am deeply grateful to be able that our Mission has escaped so re- to report all of our people safe, every markably, as the early reports led us member of the mission, every Meth-

NEWS FROM THE DEVASTATED AREAS IN JAPAN

odist pastor, and so far as we know, dormitory had been given over to the our teachers too, though there are use of Saint Luke's Hospital, which many of the latter unaccounted for. was destroyed. Some of our smaller A good many foreigners were killed buildings, which suffered only slight in Yokohama. We have heard of damage, are occupied by refugees, many escapes, perhaps none more one family of Chinese bankers that thrilling than that of some of our own lost everything being among them.

people. Heckelman was in a furni- "The Methodist Publishing House ture store in Yokohama, and escaped is a pile of ashes, still red hot three through the burning streets to a ship. days after the fire, with the big safe Mr. Bishop was in his house when the lying face downward in- the midst.

quake came and stood between twe The men all fled when the quake came, rooms. The chimney crashed into one and locked the building, as was done, of these rooms and another pile of I suppose with all the stores along the bricks in the other. He came out un- Ginza (prominent business street).

touched ….. The fire spread in the evening, and , 'Our only other missionaries in the whole of Ginza is gone. I am Yokohama at the time were Misses afraid that none of the Kyo Bun Baucus and Dickinson. When the Kwan (publishing house) books have shock came Miss Baucus started to been saved. The Christian Literature run but as everything was falling she Society lost all its publications too, fell on the floor beside her desk. She and its building in Tsukiji, which is shut J;1er eyes, certain that she would also in ashes.

open them in heaven, but when she "The .Aoyama Gakuin has suffered opened them she saw before her an much property loss. Katsuta Hall, opening in the debris, and crawled our coHege building, has been pretty out into the air unscratched. .As the badly wrenched in its vital parts, house had totally collapsed she sup- though not much of it has fallen …..

posed of course Miss Dickinson must Many of our best Japanese churches be dead. Four hours after the house are gone, including Ginza, .Azabu, had fallen they lifted Miss Dickinson .Ando, Shitaya, and everything in the out unhurt. She had been in an inner Yokohama region. .Asakusa, too, is an room, had been thrown to the floor ash heap, the whole ward and all its and when ceiling and roof fell they neighboring wards. The fire in Kan- were prevented from hitting her by a da stopped within about a hundred table and chair. She was fiat on her yards of our Kudan Church.

back, so tight that she could not move, , , The temper of the people has been with the beams a few inches from her wonderfully flne. I walked about a face. dozen miles through the city the other "Their house was not burned. The afternoon. I think I did not hear a Catholic church adjoining their prop- sound of complaint, or see a discour- erty was burned, and the fence about teous act. Maybe it is stolidity or one foot from the ruins of their house, fatalism. But whatever it is, it is is burned away. The fire burned wonderful. Shops go right on selling their neighbors on the other side, out their stock with no shadow of bearing away a family of four little profiteering. Every hundred yards or children, whose mother, a Portuguese so through those mile:,; would be found woman, heard their cries to the end, a table, and basin containing some but could not reach them. kind of drink, and a courteous boy or " .As to property, nearly everything girl to offer it free to all passersby.

we own in Tokyo or Yokohama is Peppermint water, sweetened hot damaged. The.- house near the Palace water, tea, wheat tea, and other com- Grounds, which three of our ladies forts. There are bread lines in many had recently rented and begun to use places. I saw not a sign of disorder as an evangelistic cente!", was burned at any of them."

with all its contents. The Academy EDWIN T. IGLEHART.

The first definite word from Bishop Richmond, just at the time of the Herbert Welch as to the property losses quake. At the first shock the doctor of the Board of Foreign Missions in ran to the door and stood still in the Tokyo and Yokohama confirms the arch, calling Miss Stone to join him.

early apprehension here as to the com- She hesitated only an instant, then pleteness of the disaster. A cablegram followed, but she·had scarcely reached sent by him from Karuizawa, Japan, the door when the building felL When on September 13, but not reaching the the two regained their senses they Board's offices until September 22, found themselves unhurt except for reports the loss upon the properties a few bruise-so They rushed to the of the BoaI'd in the two cities as $640,- street to :find the hotel just across the 000. This, together with the $250,000 street already in flames. Towards known damages to the property of the higher ground they ran, but were met V"oman's Foreign Missionary Society, with :fires on every hand. At last indieates that the Methodist losses so they made for a park where they far ascertained reach $890,000. It is found people already gathering. Soon hoped that this covers our share in the water pipes in this park broke the necessary reconstruction of the and flooded the entire area so that the many destroyed churches of the Japan people, unable to stand because of the Methodist Church, but it is regarded heat of the :fires all about, were com- as probab.le that it does not. In the pelled to lie or sit in from three to Tokyo and Yokohama districts there twelve inches of water all the later are nearly a hundred churches and afternoon and night. What happened chapels, of which forty are believed to at the pie·r is also typical. The be in the area of the most violent de- Steamship "Empress of Australia"

struction. If the assistance which was just casting off, the pier full of these churches will need is to be in- people waving good-bye when the boat cluded, together with the continuance began to heave up and down and of relief for church and mission per- swing violently. .At the same moment Bonnel and the costs of restoring the the people on deck saw the north end active work, the estimated need of a of the pier sink into the water and the million dollars is a minimUllll. friends there sink into the sea. Look- ing towards the city the buildings Church of God Mission!l were seen to be waving back and Karuizawa, Sept. 4, 1923. forth and then crashing down, and almost in the same instant, it seemed In Tokyo the quake itself did not to the onlookers, flames shot up .into do nearly so much damage as the fires the sky. The big boat was able to that followed. The foreign quarters, rescue most of the people who fell Tsukiji and Ginza are entirely gone, into the water and all who were on the the beautiful St. Luke's Hospital, as "(lier and also took on board many who well as all the foreign department came running to the pier from the stores, nearly all the fore!gn embas- city. Other ships did the same, though sies, including the American, and in many had difficulty in escaping the fact almost the entire business section flames camed by the bursting of the of Tokyo besides great stretches of Standard Oil tanks, the contents of residence section were swept by fire. whi('h flooded a considerable area As for Yokohama, every new piece down to the shore. of news is more horrifying than the Yokohama is practically gone; so is one before. The quake came just at Tokyo. Within a half mile from our noon when there were fires in almost house the wind suddenly changed ahd all buildings. Hence before the peo- the fire died. Directly in front of us ple could escape, fires surrounded ten minutes' walk, we were protected them and from all reports thousands by the wide grounds of the Imperial were burned to death. A Miss Stone University, most of which burned. was consulting a physician, a Mr. ARCHIE A. BOLITHO,

American Bible Society the agency's ioss is very great. Our When we reached Tokyo on Monday fire-insurance policies do not cover fire morning we found the famous Deno Park covered with weary and disheart- arising from causes of earthquake. ened refugees. Reaching the part of Today the thought came to me to try the park facing the largest extent of to get some printing done at Kobe the city we had our first view of the great devastation. Oh what a scene! asking permission to use the plates of On the left the famous Deno station, the B. & F. B. S. but the prineipal with many hundreds of ears, absolutely diminished to heaps of stone, brick and plates of the British and Foreign scrap-iron. In front of us for miles Bible Society were at Yokohama and have been destroyed. KARL E. AURELL, American Bible Society, Tokyo.

and miles the same condition pre- Karuizawa, Sept. 11, 1923. vailed. Electric cars, motor cars and everything reduced to ashes and rub- We have just learned that complete bish. The wire entanglements in the printing plates for the entire Bible streets made our progress slow. Tele- were in Kobe. All other Bible, graph poles were still burning-in hymnal and Christian literature fact they were the only pieces of wood plates have been destroyed. Of Dr. that could be seen in the whole devas- Pierson's " Annotated Bible" over tated district. At certain places much Y6,000 worth have been destroyed, in smoke and heat still emitted making the warehouse of the Christian Literit dangerous to pass by. We lingered ature Society.

a little in the Kanda Ward at the WILLIS LAMOTT, City Y. M. C. A., the National Y. M. C. A. and the Baptist Tabernacle. Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, D. S. A.

All these buildings were supposed to International Y. W. O. Abe fire-proof, but alas, though the New York, Oct. 6, 1923. concrete walls, floors and stairways stood the test every least thing inside Word has been received stating of them had been wiped out of exist- that Miss Dorothy Hiller, who has ence. Even the contents of a good been secretary in the national office safe in the tabernacle when opened in Tokyo, lost her life. Another sechad withered so that when touched retary, Mrs. Edith ,Lacy, of Yokothey crumbled like ashes. The fine hama, was also killed instantly. No Salvation Army headquarters, the word has yet been received in regard Y. 'W. C. A., churches and schools of to the Japanese staff and Association all descriptions and banks, all alike members. There were in Tokyo on totally gone! the national staff seven secretaries, The walls of Bible House stood twelve secretaries in the city Associa- up very well but the fire did havoc tion, and a membership of a thousand.

with all that was consumable within. Miss lfichi Kawai, whom so many Mr. Tanaka had stuck up a note for Americans know, is the national gen- me which said: "Staff safe." Ta- eral secretary. In Yokohama there naka and the assistant bookkeeper were eight Japanese secretaries and before leaving the Bible House had 790 members.

opened the safe and taken out the In re·gard to the property losses ledger and other important books with there has been a cable to the effect the cash box: taking the same with that all of the Young Women's Ohris- them. tian Association buildings in Yoko- Relatively the disaster at Yokohama hama, the building in which the na- is greater than that of Tokyo. Be- tional offices were located and the sides our plates we had a large stock city Association building in Tokyo of Scriptures at the Fukuin Printing were destroyed.

Company. That being wiped out also JEAN GRIGSBY PAXTON,

International Y. M. C. A. We have telegraphic information New York, Sept. 14, 1923. that three churches are destroyed and two damaged, presumably in Tokyo, There is as yet incomplete informa- the loss being estimated at £5,000. tion as to Japanese members of the The damage to Mission houses is esstaffs at the various centers within timated to cost £500; thIs comparathe zone of the disaster. tively small sum is doubtless owing to the fact that some premises are rented. AU reports to date bear out the Compensation to European and J apaearlier evidence that all Association nese workers for personal property buildings, including residences of the destroyed is estimated at £700. In Secretaries, have been destroyed or 8'0 connection with the Mission to Chibadly damaged that they will have to nese we are informed that the church be completely rebuilt from the foun- building and mission house have been dations.

Salvation Army damaged badly, and that some of the New York, Sept. 25, 1923. buildings have been destroyed-the cost of these is presumably included Our Japanese Territorial Head- in the figures given above and based quarters are entirely destroyed; the on a separate telegram. We are inhospital for tubercular subjects seems also to have been destoyed ; our formed that it will cost £5,000 to re- Training School was partially demol- build the Whidborne Memorial Hall, ished and several other buildings ·owned or occupied by us in Tokyo and that the dispensary at Fukugawa, and Yokohama were also destroyed. if rebuilt, will cost £1,000.

None of our European people were This Society has six European miskilled. Two of our prominent J apanese Officers died, both of whom ~re sionaries in Tokyo and Yokohama.

All our missionaries in Japan are safe. HENRY E. STAPLES, really brilliant fellows-I refer to S. P. G. Mi••ions Brigadier Sasshida and Major Sakai. Other Japanese officers suffered seri- London, Sept. 17, 1923.

ous injury. The following are among the prin- The latest information from Tokyo cipal buildings connected with the that has just reached the Commander Society's work in the diocese of South is to the effect that our Army Officers Tokyo. St. Andrew's pro-Cathedral are responsible for caring for no less and about eight churches, St. Mary's than 100,000 people in the stricken Mission House and Hostel, St. Hilda's area. W. F. JENKINS, Diocesan School and Hostel, a Home Church :Missionar.y Society for old women, an orphanage, an em- broidery school, the Central Theolo- London, Sept. 19, 1923. gical College (worked in conjunction The Church Missionary !Society has with other Societies), the house of the work both in Tokyo and Yokohama. Bishop and those of at least two Whidborne Memorial Hall is in the priests, and a hostel in connection middle of Tokio and is used as an with the Women's University.

evangelistic center. We also have a No definite news has yet been re- married missionary, with Chinese ceived as to the magnitude of losses helpers, who works among Chinese of property, but it is anticipated that students in Tokyo. There are several these will be very heavy. The Bishop churches in different parts of the city, has cabled" Personnel all safe-Great built by Japanese Christians and min- personal and property losses-Ple~ istered to by Japanese clergy who are open fund." The personal property supported by their congregations …. thus referred to would be the personal At Yokohama this Society has work possessions of the missionaries.

among Chinese students and a school DOROTHY M. HORNE, for them. Assistant Editorial Secretary.

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, ROOM 721, MUHLENBERG

PHjLADELPHIA, P A.

DEEPENING :MISSIONARY IMPRESSION BY EXPRESSION FOUR THERE WERE WHO SAW A WONDROUS SUNSET A man gazed out across the sun-kissed ocean until the beauty of it filled his soul with light and warmth. He took up his violin and gave his "Sunset" to the world in music as wondrous as was the glory that his eyes beheld.

A woman looked out across the hills and saw the glory of the sun shining behind the mountains. Its warm radiance filled her heart, and with the radiance came the urge to fill other hearts with the beauty of the sun. She caught up her pen and in her poem the sun glinted and gleamed, and filled with glory the common tasks of every day for dwellers iiI the lowlands.

..An artist saw the sun: Its glowing colors reflected in water, and woods and sky, held him as he gazed. The. craving of his soul was satisfied, yet not satisfied until his brush could express to all the world the glories his eyes beheld in the setting sun.

A little child saw the sunset. "See this tiny little sunbea.p:1 that's stealing in betwe€'ll the trees," said the child. ..As she went ~{lout her play she sang her little song " Jesus wants me for a Sunbeam. ",:: In and out she went among the people she met, giving back the glory of the sun in little deeds of kindness and of love.

Melody of the ocean, poem of the mountains, picture of the woods, deed of the plains-in some way we must express our impressions.

ARE WE GUILTY OF EDUCATIONAL Love always seeks expression. The CRIME? expression is not only a result of love Ever since men and women have but is a part of it. What we do for known and loved their Saviour they missions is not only a result of mishave given expression to love. Even sionary training, but one of the most in prison Paul and Silas sang praises essential elements in Christian educato God; the early disciples healed the tion.

sick; Dorcas made garments for the PASSERS BY poor; Mary brought a box of precicms ointment and poured out her offering "And he passed by," are words of of love at the feet of her Lord; Zac- warning example. Every boy or girl, cheus gave half of his goods to feed man or woman, is a potential passer the poor; a poor widow cast into the by but also a potential good Samari- Lord's treasury all her living; An- tan.

drew found his brother and brought Priest' Levite' Good Samaritan T him to Jesus. Which shall,they eventually become T 927

It depends largely on the expressional Seats are placed as inconspicuously as possible for registered observers. No training they receive. casually curious spectators are al- "To make impressio1ls without giv- lowed to pass in and out, or to inter- fere with the work by well-meaning ing any opportunity for expressicm is but ill-advised complimentary interan educational crime." jections of "How cute!" "What darlings!" There are no spectacular There is danger that. many of us will be missionary educational criminals. The impressionalistic leader must be alert for expressionalistic op- portunities. Shall we have a race of priests and Levites who preach much and pr.ac- tice little; who cross to the other side when opportunity for relieving the world's heartache lies just ahead T Or shall we train a generation that shall bind up the world's wounds f EXPRESSING CHRISTIANITY BY A h'OURTH OF JULY BIRTHDAY PARTY SHARING demonstratious. It is a week of real school both for the children, and for One of the many good features of the observers who make careful notes the Wilson College Summer School of during the children's study and work Missions, held at Chambersburg, periods; and who meet for discussion P ennsylvania, is the "School within with teachers of their respective groups after the children are dis- missed.

In some cases participation of chil- dren in such a school would mean only the rapid acquisition and the showy recitation of "pieces."

The "Little School" has its train- ing in worship, in study, in hand THE SUMMER CHRISTMAS TREE KINDERGARTEN CHILDREN. WITH BASKETS OF FLOWERS MADE BY THE CHILDREN a School." This" Little School" is FOR THE HOSPITAL PATIENTS regularly and carefully organized. It enrolls its scholars from Chambers- work and in service. One of the most burg children in advance of the com- interesting features of the work is its ing of Summer School Delegates. expressional activity. There are Kindergarten, Primary, Junior and Intermediate divisions. When the kindergarten ~~up talked of the love of God in glvmg flowers, they made flower baskets as their handwork, filled them with

BEST METHODS

flowers and after school carried them One alert pastor's wife in North to the hospital. Carolina decided that an "Arts and Crafts" program might be part of a When they heard the stories of the Daily Vacation Bible School, in a children who live in the over-crowded small country church, if someone sections of New York, and of the would work hard enough to make it a Daily Vacation Bible School at Labor success. Temple, they wanted to share their pictures with the children at the She began early to outline her pro- Labor Temple School. The pictures gram, to make her plans and patwere carefully selected and packed terns. The children showed eager induring one of the seBsions and a small terest in the scrapbooks they made committee was appointed to take the and in the villages of various lands. package to the postoffice. They were fascinated with the toy animals for children of mission lands, One of the school properties was a with the squares of gingham they rubber ball with which early comers hemmed for girls in a boarding school were permitted to play. Observers in India to be used for clothes closets were impressed with the willingness and treasure chests, and with various of the children to give away the other articles on which they worked. things that meant no deprivation to themselves, and the relnctance of the The entire community was interlittle ones, who always came early to ested in the summer Christmas tree in play with the ball, to send that spe- front of the church. The boys aVd cial ball to the New York children. girls trimmed the tree with the pres- They observed the teacher's method ents they had made, then the gifts of leading the children into a gener- were packed to be sent to missionaries ous attitude of sharing with others in time for Christmas. the things they really wanted, for themselves. It really does not matter so much where we live, as how we live, or Handwork was done for children in where we work, as how we work. America and in other lands and the Fourth of July was celebrated with a INTERPRETING MISSIONARY INbirthday party of the United States with birthday presents for some of TEREST THROUGH SACRIFI- Uncle Sam's little children. CIAL GIVING Thus the School made a deep impression on the children and gave Two of the best interpreters are a them opportunities for varied expres- pastor and his wife who serve in three sion. country churches. Neither of them has studied a course in interpretation "BUT OUR CHURCH IS IN THE in any School of Expression, but every day they interpret Christianity COUNTRYI" to their people by their own sacri- ficialliving and giving. Ruts of thinking are deep and narrow. For years members of rural The salary paid by the three conchurches have sighed and have begun gregations together would not rent a with one consent to make excuse– well located apartment in a great city. "But our chnrch is in the country." However, there are no martyr moans After all, in these days of automo- from the pastor and his wife. They biles, the country church is sometimes realize that while they could not pay more accessible than the city church. city rent they need not, inasmuch as they h!1ve a good parsonage free, with If we could lift ourselves, or if no city prices, and no city standards someone would lift us out of the rut to live up to. When a small <legacy of our thinking, instead of presup- came it meant more to give. posing that all modern missionary methods are made for city churches When a call for a jewel offering was only, we might find them very adapta- made the wife took off the only diable for rural churches as well. mond she had except her engagement ring, saying that she really did not 4

need it, and gave it as a special offer- Henry Martyn spoke his answer, ing. "Here am I, send me."

Constantly and cheerfully they take John Scudder faced "The Claims out of their small salary each year all of Six Hundred Millions and the Abilthey can possibly give, leaving for ity and Dut.y of the Churches Respectpersonal expenditure the minimum ing Them, " and giving up his amount on which they can do efficient lucrative medical practice in New work. York, he gave answer, "Here am I, send me." "I suppose I must have a new coat this winter," sighed the wife regret- We do not well if we fail to present fully. ' , I've been wearing myoId one in pamphlets, in books, through perfor eight years and I'm afraid it's sonal conversation, and public address, looking too shabby to wear. The the call for the expression of consepreacher has to have a new winter crated life in a declaration of pursuit, but outside of these two things, pose. I think we can get along with what Every year hlmdreds of Christian we have." young people enter other callings This was her explanation for the without having definitely faced the call to missionary service. Even if hope that they might be able to make men and women are never commisa special offering of $200 during the sioned as missionaries to either the year, which with the ring and some home or the foreign field they will be flllrmer gifts would make possible the better Christians wherever they may completion of a thousand dollar con- serve for having definitely faced the tribution on which they had set their decision. hearts. FINDING OTHERS HERE AM: I. SEND ME. When Andrew found his brother Shall we call on impression to ex- and brought him to Jesus he gave the press itself in a volunteer declaration best expression possible to the imfor life service? Is that a new and pression that Christ had made on his novel method to be avoided because of own life. possible over-emotionalism 7 There is something wrong if our There was quite a bit of emotion missionary training is not developing in that call of old "Whom shall I soul-winning Christians. send, and who will go for us Y" and the deepest emotion of a courageous A leader in a Rescue Mission in young heart in the answering volun- Washington says that more than once teer declaration, "Here am I, send she has had Sunday-school teachers me." and even ministers visit the mission who have no idea whatever of how The straight forward response to point a lost and inquiring soul to which clear-visioned youth always the way of salvation. gives to the straightforward challenge of world need, calls for no manufac- Shall we not include, in our mistured emotionalism. sionary training, methods for winning souls Y Shall we not train personal A geography teacher told of a great workers who know how to lead men to need in Ceylon. Eight year old Eliza Christ; how to get the unsaved to Agnew said, "Here am I, send me." come to church; how to conduct classes for those who want to be saved; A Sunday-school Superintendent how to answer doubts and fears with read a call for workers from the South assuranceY Sea Islands. James Chalmers answered, "Here am I, send me!' Is there not something contradictory in a Christianity that" eats its morsel A young student whom every one alone," and that, day after day and expected to be a great lawyer read the year after year, never finds anyone life of David Brainerd with its sound- to bring to Christ f ing call for consecration of life, and

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVE., NEw YORK ORIENTALS sions must recognize these relations with peculiarly neg1ected groups wh0 MIFsS~IoOmnsthCe oruenpcoilrt oanf dtheCocoumncmilittoete aWt othmeenHotmoer are in the spheres of our responsibil- Home Missions. George L. Cady. OMM-man.

At the time of the Interchurch ity: An inquiry is :planned concerning Movement a survey of the Japanese OrIental groups III all the Latin- upon the Coast was made purely of American countries (there are 30,000 the church and missionary work. ~apanese in one province of Brazil), Then later the United States Govern- Slllce all have special relations with ment sent a committee to investigate Orientals in the United States.

and hold hearings, the report of which There are between 3,000 and 4000 may be secured from the Government, Japanese in New York City of whom but there has been no really scientific between 100 and 150 are women 500 survey covering the whole Japanese to 700 are in business, 300 are' stu- situation, industrial, social and re- dents and 2,000 belong to the working ligious. The matter has been taken class. They are very largely migra- up with the Committee on Social and tory, and there is a strong tendency Religious Surveys. to insanity and tuberculosis among Nearly half of the Chinese in the them. The following organizations United States, close to 30,000, are east are working among them: of the Rocky Mountains, and proba- 1. A Christian church supported bly 10,000 Japanese. Much Christian by the Woman's Board of Domestic work is being done for these people Missions of the Reformed Church in by organized mission boards, national America. or city, and by individual churches. 2. The Japanese Institute sup- In New England there has been a fed- ported by the Woman's Board of Do- eration of Chinese Sunday-schools. mestic Missions of the Reformed The Chinese and Japanese groups in Church in America; dormitory and the cities of the East and Middle West social privileges for young men only.

are relatively well to do and influ- 3. A church supported by the ential. They include many students Methodist Episcopal Church.

and merchants. 4. The Cosmopolitan Club at Co- A survey should be made of the lumbia with a membership of 1,000 ~rienta~s along our border, especially and 150 of whom are Oriental.

III MeXICO. The many Chinese just 5. The American Oriental Club and ac~carsotss the line and down the west Social Club organized ifnor19f1el4l·~wmsheiept.- of Mexico are almost entirely ing at various homes WIthout religious opportunities and are regarded with bitter prejudice by 6. The Japan Society with 1,000 the Mexicans. There are at least 10 _ members-Frank Afo. rVabnedtteerrlipi~tPerrensai­- ' dent; organ.ized 000 on the west coast and a considerable number on the peninsula of lower tional relationships.

California, and many of them have 7. A Japanese Y. M. C. A. in had religious contacts in the mission Brooklyn. schools and churches of China. Chris- 8. The Japanese Christian Associatian Chinese in California have rela- tion of ~ew York, but composed tives in Mexico, and Chinese banks, almost entIrely of non-Christian ele- wholesale houses and newspapers do ments.

much business with the Chinese col- 9. Japanese American Forum at onies across the line. Oriental mis- the Brick Church; 65 members.

931

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF TltE WORtJ) [Novembe:r

10. Y. W. C. A.. work in the foyer NEW AMERICANS of the Cosmopolitan Club. From the report of the eommlttee of the Home The Christian forces of America Missions Council a.nd Cooncn of Women for Home MiSSions, Thomas Burgess, Chairman. who believe in brotherhood must be alert and i.ndustrious in their fight Christians of every denomination in against the suspicion and prejudice America have an obvious task of which certain well financed forces are reaching, in Christ's name, millions today carrying on in America against of unchurched and lonely "foreignthe Oriental, but especially against ers. " The children of the foreign- born are equally the responsibility of the Japanese. the churches. Before a large audience a Congress- A challenge with definite suggesman from California, professing to be tions to the local church applicable to all denominations and feasible anya Christian, said: where has been prepared and will soon "There may be such a thing in the be published in pamphlet form. This program is a call to fulfil the obvious world as. an honest, moral Japanese, responsibility before most of the local churches in the country, since there but I have never met one, and I doubt are but few local churches that have if such a thing exists." 110t within their reach from one in- dividual to one hundred thousand peo- He also said that not a single ple of foreign birth or parentage. By far the larger part of these our neigh- Japanese enlisted from America and bors are out of touch with American put his life in danger for American life and ideals, discouraged by lonely democracy. The matter was immedi- isolation, unchurched and drifting ately taken up with the Japanese Em- from God. To our shame be it said bassy, and only partial official reports that the real problem in what has covering Vancouver, New York, Los been unfortunately termed "Ameri- Angeles, Portland and Honolulu show canization" is not the uplift of the 1,076 soldiers were enlisted, 225 went "poor, benighted foreigner" but the overseas, 55 were killed, and 133 were conversion of our own people to what wounded. These facts illustrate to should be plain, ordinary Christianity. what extent either of misinformation Our slogan should be "For every or of wilful falsehoods the anti-Japan- American Christian a foreign-born ese propaganda will carry normally friend." good men. The Home Mission Boards have es- If there is anyone thing that is tablished many effective foreign lanneeded in America and throughout guage missions. Great devotion and the world it is that there should be on much money have been expended in the part of everyone a new crusade such necessary and helpful work, and in behalf of world-wide Christian still more needs to be expended. Nevbrotherhood. It is the only thing that ertheless, all this can be but a drop in will save our present world and the the bucket. Because of the inevitable only thing that can prevent another lack of a sufficient number of trained workers, such missions can touch only. world war. a few. The vast majo,rity of the for- The supreme need of the hour is for eign-born and their children can be reached only by the local church. It a revival of that Christian spirit ut- is the normal kind of missionary and tered recently by a Southerner in At- patriotic service that in most eases lanta whose father and grandfather requires no equipment, money or orwere slave holders: ganization beyond what is already in the local church. Of collrse, trained "We have some of us come to the workers are helpful, but selected, orconclusion that we must live the New Testament or else scrap it. 'If the New Testament cannot get us over these race· divisions, then it is of little practical use for our modern social world. A. group of us here proposes to try actually living the New Testament in our human relations with all mankind. ".

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

dinary church members can do this ice have failed to try. The root of it almost as well. The one new thing all is American fellowship, Christian • • • needed is a broader vision of Chris- brotherhood.

tian duty. That the local church can succeed To help meet some of the great has been abundantly demonstrated. human needs at Ellis Island the Gov- For the past three years tM Board of ernment has established the Social the Protestant Episcopal Ohurch has Service Department. The social work- set forth as its fundamental policy this ers in this Department are furnished very plan of arousing and guiding the by various organizations. The num- local churches to this normal duty. ber of workers is limited by the Unit- The success has been far beyond all ed States Bureau of Immigration.

expectation; in the last two years al- The workers are the connecting links most a thousand parishes of this between the immigrants and the vari- Church have begun or are effecting ous social agencies of America inter- such local work. This result was ob- ested in immigration. Through them tained by proclaiming the opportunity the facilities of immigrant homes, for- and demonstrating under leadership eign consuls and both public and pri- in a few places that it could be done. vate forces are made available.

It was a process of nationally awaken- The Ohristmas celebration including ing the Ohurch to the obvious. gifts, an entertainment, Christmas Four things are essentIal to every tree, etc., is a great blessing which .local church for this work: (1) the helps those detained on the Island to conversion of the pastor, (2) the fix- realize that there are friendly hearts ing of the responsibility upon a cer- in the United States, expressing cheer tain few, (3) accurate knowledge of to them in this way.

the racial background and the mental A very important development has attitude ot the particular people to be been the institution of religious serv- reached, and (4) the real Christian ices at the Island. There are three character of those who are to lead. each Sunday, one maintained by the The primary steps and continual Roman Catholic Ohurch, another by responsibility must be taken by a few, the Jews, and the third by the other carefully selected people. Sueh must Christian bodies, the responsibility be well-balanced and intelligent per- being divided among them. Through sons, who have both the ability to win . . .. interpreters the services are made inthe eonfidence of the foreign-born and to lead their fellow Church members. telligible to a large number, attend- They must above all have the two ance at each being from 150 to 400.

fundamental Christian characteristics A most important step forward has of humility and sympathy. In order bcen taken by organizing and demon- to make the "proper approach and se- strating a feasible follow-up system cure the confidence of their neighbors, of Protestant immigrants. This was the study of books in class or indi- made possible through special workers "'idually is absolutely necessary. To loaned by the City Mission Society of deal with a particular race, knowledge the Protf'stant Episco"pal Church and must be acquired of the national back- by a grant of money from the national ground, the Old World religion, the board of the same church. It is now mental attitude and aspirations. being made effective by the coopera- The various forms of Ohristian serv- tion' and financial support of other ice that can be rendered need not be Protestant bodies.

detailed. They are not so very dif- Winter Schools of Mi.sions ferent from those which we should St. Petersburg, Fla., .Tan. 27-Feb. 1 1924. render to all neighbors and friends. Write for information to Mrs. 'G. W. The trouble has been, not that the ways of service were unknown but Cooper, 250 N. Fifth Avenue, St. Peters- burg, Fla.

that those who should give this serv- De Lana, Fla., Feb. 4-10, 1924. SUMMER SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS The camp was filled to capacity, in Enthusiastic and inspiring. reports fact, overflowed. The splendid group have come from the Summer Schools of fine, purposeful girls was a great of Missions affiliated with the Federa- inspiration and held much of hope for tion this past summer. From one the continuance and future of our who has been to Boulder, we quote: missionary work. " , 'Boulder in the foothills of the The School of Missions for Okla- Rocky Mountains is always a beauti- homa and the Southwest was held ful spot but it is especially lovely in ,Tune 4-8. It was felt to be one of June at the time of the session of the their best. Methods were given by Summer School of Missions. It would local women-" just what they tried needs be a very poor conference in- in their own work." It was a great deed that would not leave some inspiration from the very 'Uplifting success and most helpful. The home setting of the Boulder.' The Summer School of Missions this year textbook was taught by Mrs. E. P. would have been inspiring almost anywhere but it was doubly so at 'Beau- West and the foreign by Miss Sara M. tiful Boulder.' Field of dyKobbyethCeoRlleevg.e'C.JaEp. aDn~votwh,e Bible stu D.D., Ph.D., of Oklahoma City. The Conference took action endorsing the "The program was unusually W orId Federation of Christian Wom"

strong and well set up under the able en and also the work of the National leadership of Mrs. A. A. Reed the Committee of One Hundred for Law General Chairman, and that of 'Mrs. Enforcement.

H. F. Hoffman, Chairman of the Pro- Mt. Hermon, California, reports a gram Committee, with the cooperation larger attendance than ever before. It of their splendid aids. was their 17th annual assembly. The "The personnel of the delegates lecturer on the two textbooks "Creawas unusually strong,-women and tive Forces in Japan" and "The Debt young women who came for training Eternal" was Mrs. Lena Leonard and help to further effectively the Fisher, professor of the Department missionary enterprise in their home of Missions in the University of South- societies and in their state promo- ern California. Rev. Harvey Hugo tional work. Guy, formerly the dean of Sci Gakuin "Following the eight o'clock hour Theological Seminary agtroupTocklyaso~ when Mrs. F. J. Smith gave a series Japan, taught a morning of talks on 'How to Study My Bible' the remainder of the morning w~s in' '. Creative Forces in Japan." Dr. given to two normal study classes of two periods each. Mrs. E. H. Silver- DaVId Starr Jordan of Stanford Unithorn of Chicago taught 'Creative Forces in Japan,' and Mrs. Dan Bru- versity lectured on "Japan and the mitt of Evanston, Illinois, presented 'The Child of America's Future.' New Internationalism." The young women's class in "The Woman and the Leaven in Japan" was taught by Mrs. R. W. Blosser of San Francisco Field Secretary of the Christian: "During the afternoons and eve- Woman's Missionary Society.

nings talks by missionaries, inspira- The daily morning class in Mission- tional addresses by missionary experts, ary. Dramatics was taught by Mrs.

methods classes and pageants met a DaVId M. Thomas, of Los APnrgesebleys~ variety of interests. Educational Secretary of the "The Young Women's Camp was terian Synodical Society of Foreign especially strong under the able MHoispseioonsf.JaApabne,a"uwtiafsurlppuatgoenanot~e"Tevheeleadership of Miss Jessie Fitzpatrick.

934 ning with the aid of real Japanese next year. The Foreign study book, girls and American women, the part ,, Creative Forces in Japan, ' , was of Japan being taken by Miss Shizuko taught by Mrs. James King of Ham.

Tanu of Santa Cruz. Miss Tanu is line. Miss Grace B. Whitridge of training to be a missionary among her Macalester College gave a most in- own people. structive demonstration of the use to One evening Dr. H. H. Powell, vice- which the simplest materials can be placed in developing suitable and ardean of the Episcopal School of The- tistic oriental costumes for pageants. ology, San Francisco, lectured on Addresses were made by five mission- "The Demand for Trained Leadership aries. Miss Florence Salzer, a memin the Church." On another evening Professor Edwin A. Lee of the Uni- ber of the faculty of Isabella Thoburn, versity of California lectured on "The Luc)ruow, India, told of the work Need of Spiritual Education." there. The others were from Mexico, Southern India, Malaysia and the There were many missionaries who Near East. spoke at the twilight meetings. It was a week of missionary outlook and The following written by one of the inspiration. A. "Prayer Room" was girls while at the Conference at set aside on the porch of one of the Chambersburg shows the inspiration buildings known as Rest Cottage and and blessed fellowship of the week prayer groups were held in many of there: the houses. o Master, we would ask of Thee The 17th session of the Minnesota Summer School was held June 3-8. Thy promise to fulfill One of the notable features of the And give to us abundant life School was the number of exquisite posters-150 or more adorned the o To seek and find Thy will. walls on all sides. Artistic in design grant that we may follow Thee and execution, appropriate and con- With loyal hearts and true vincing in subject matter, their edu- That we may love and l<>vIDg, serve cational value was beyond estimate. And come to Thee anew.

Give us Thy vision, let us see Clear·eyed the task God gave And to our hands entrust Thy light For those Chdst eame to save.

The Publicity Committee did excel- This is that larger life we ask; lent preliminary work, securing fine Put in our hea,,~s Thy fiame, press notices and issuing a daily bulletin throughout the sessions of the That one with Thee we may reach out To service in Thy name.

school, filled with notices and terse MAKING MISSIONS THROUGH comments on daily proceedings. The MISSIONARY EDUCATION opening service, the Young People's By GERTRUDE SCHULTZ Rally, was attended by about 800.

Mr. R. A. Waite of Chicago gave a Education as the mightiest force in very forceful address on the topic, the world is a truism which we all "What is the Range of Your Wire- acknowledge, but which we do not be· less T" The Bible study hour was con- lieve enough to put into practice in ducted by NI:iss Caroline L. Palmer of our missionary cultivation of the the Biblical Seminary of New York. home Church. The usual monthly Her study hour grew in interest and missionary meeting for some of the popularity daily. The Book of Philip- women, perhaps a mission band for a pians was the basis for work. Some few of the children, once-in-a-rare- of her trenchant sayings that will be while a missionary sermon or a visit oft remembered and quoted: "Think from a missionary about cover the it through," "Pray it in," "Live it missionary education in the average ogiuv~ts" "Pass it on " "Pray until God church. '!'he word missions has come you something for somebody to mean to many just an appeal for else.'" She was the unanimous choice money with little knowledge or in- of the school for the Bible study hour terest back of it. This condition must

pass and is passing, for leaders in re- placed in conspicuous places in your ligious education are realizing that Bible school rooms. Arrange a mismissionary education is a vital part sionary bulletin board with individuof every program of religious educa- als or olasses in contest for the best tion and is essential for the develop- arrangement from week to week. llJent of well-rounded Christian char- Train the young people to read the acter, no longer to be treated as a daily and weekly secular papers with step-child and given the left-overs of missionary glasses and find interesttime and interest but a vitally im- ing items for the bulletin board. portant member of the church family. Every live church therefore must Use the dramatic instinct to win have a constructive program of mis- and educate some. Every pageant or sionary education. play given should be a part of the educational program and not given as A committee of live, enthusiastic a "stunt" or just to "raise money." (God-in-you), willing-to-work, vision- The dramatic program should come as seeing, men, women, young people, the climax after a period of study. children, is the first essential. This missionary council should preferably Missionary education should be be a sub-committee of the Church written into the. whole program of Committee on Religious Education so religious education of the church. that its work may be an integral part Missionary illustrations will add much of the program of the whole church. to the regular Bible school lessons. Each member of the council should But in addition special missionary inbe responsible for one part of the struction for a period of weeks should missionary program. be arranged. The Church School of Missions is considered one of the Abn and Plan ideal plans. It means the whole church once a week for six weeks In much of our missionary cultiva- concentrating its thought and energy tion we aim at nothing in particular, on the missionary enterprise. Storyjust sort of drift along, trying to telling and hand-work classes for make our meetings "interesting." the children; discussion groups for the "The person (or church) that aims young people, for the men, for the at nothing usually hits it." There- women; reading contests for all ; fore set a high goal. To release stereopticon slides; missionary basemoney, service, prayer, life; to stir ball; all of these methods and plans every life in the church into some ean be adjusted to meet local condiaction for the establishment of tions. Write to your Board for full Christ's Kingdom might be an aim particulars. for some churches. "Impression minus expression "Plan the work and then work the equals depression." It is therefore plan!'" The council should work out essential to translate the knowledge a well-rounded graded program of gained, the interest aroused, into some missionary education for all ages. It form of activity. Service to the should be at least for one year but church, to the community, to the preferably a three-year cycle, so that world, through the hands, through it can be really constructive and pro- gifts, through prayer, through life engressive. This plan should cover some listment should be kept constantly in of the following points in "making mind. mif;;sions interesting." When the church knows, when the It pays to advertise the missionary church is educated to see the misenterprise as well as it pays to ad- sionary enterprise, there will be no vertise all business enterprises. Cap- question of securing the money, the ture the eyes of your Ch7bTCh through prayer, the life needed. This is the attractive missionary posters, charts, summons' and the opportunity before maps and strong missionary pictures you who read this.

AMERICA about 400 people. The local Protes·

tant pastor is Rev. Rafrel R. Radignez After Chile Earthquake and evangelistic work is in charge of Rev. Jose Espada Marriro. A new AFTER the earthquake which shook church was~ organized on March 25th northern Chile on the night of at San Cristobal, with seventeen mem- November 10th, Rev. D. R. Edwards bers and Rev. Ramon Prat, a conwas asked to visit the Copiapo Dis- verted Dominican, as pastor i and in trict, to do needed relief work among June twenty new members were bap. the Protestant churches, and Rev. C. tized. M. Spining was asked to go on a similar mission to the Huasco Valley. The Protestant Sunday-s!lhools in The latter writes: "When I arrived Santo Domingo show an enrolment of I spread my bed under a big walnut 538. Medical work is conducted in tree and that was my home for the an evangelical hospital, with a docthree weeks 1 remained in Vallenar. tor and nurses. Educational work is After a day or two spent in digging promoted by a day school and night out clothing ,and bedding and erect- classes. ing. shelter for widows and women who had no men folk to help them, Christian Work in Peru we secured the services of a Ford car and started back to Huasco to meet NNIE G. SOPER, for five years the Cleveland, the American warship A in the hospital in Lima, Peru, in that had come with funds and sup· charge of a Nurses' Training School plies. . … I was told to take as much and working as a self-supporting food and clothing as I could distrib· member of the Evangelical Union of ute to advantage. My only means South America, was able, with difof transportation was a burro train. ficulty, to distribute evangelical I secured thirty-one animals, each Christian literature and hold prayer carrying 200 pounds. They were meetings. Finally she resigned her loaded and started on their way to hospital !lonnection that she might be Vallenar and I followed in a Ford. more free to do missionary work and Lists were carefully made of the mem- has now gone to EI Correo, Moyemba, bers of the families of our church and Peru, where there is no physician and rations were given out to them. Then no hospital. The government offered the remainder, more than half, was to pay Miss Soper's expenses but, as given to anyone in real need. The this would have limited her freedom people were very grateful for all that to do missionary work, she refused to had been done for them. The relief accept and determined to look only to gave a fine opportunity for evange- God for support. She and Miss Rhoda listic work. There was no building Gould are holding meetings, distribut. left in which to hold services, so we ing literature and ministering to the held them under the trees in the sick in this town where there are no pastor's yard and never have we had other Christian workers. such large audiences. "

NORTH AMERICA Union Work in Santo Domingo Rural ComlDunity Church PROGRESS is being made in union ACCORDING to Rev. David G. mission work in Santo Domingo. Wylie, D,D., Ph.D., the Board An auditorium is being erected, ad- of Church Erection of the Presby- joining the mission building, to seat terian Church in the U. S. A., con- 937

siders: the community church at sions, and the Board of Christian Novato, Cal., twenty-eight miles from Education, has been constituted, and San Francisco, one of the most suc- will recommend policies and methods cessful country life demonstrations. to the department.

The population, including the peo- AJunior Laymen ple within three miles, is about 2,500. MOVEMENT full of promise for A survey which was taken showed that the future is the organization in fifty-two per cent were foreign-born, the Methodist Episcopal Church of among the largest being the Portu- the " Junior Laymen," who have apguese and Italian groups, some of peared at the sessions of recent annual which do not speak English. The conferences. Bishop Henderson dework was begun on a small scale, test- serves the credit, says the Christian ing methods, and students in the San Ad.vocate, for launching this move- Francisco Th~logical Seminary be- ment, and Bishop McDowell for came interested in the possibility of furthering ani spreading its practice using Novato as a demonstration point and usefulness. Professor J. Carlton in the study of country life. Now, Hurley, of Syracuse University, has after two years, a building valued at pioneered a most inspiring piece of $22,000 has been erected. Attendance work in the church he attends at at religious services has doubled and Baldwinsville, N. Y., where the junior interest still grows. To avoid any pos- laymen are trained to all the responsibility of confusion through factional sibilities of the church officiary and strife the title to the property has the practices of Christian service. been vested in the Presbytery of These high school boys are ready to offer public prayer or declare the Benecia. Christian truth whenever opportunity calls. It is not doubted that if the New Ed1lcation Department adult officials all went on a vacation these juniors would keep the admin- I N the reorganization of the various istration of the church functioning. boards of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. authorized by the ,SAmong Ozark Children General .Assembly, the Board of IX years ago when I began work Christian Education is forming a new in my present field," reports Department of Missionary Education, Earnest A. Smith, one of the Ozark which will take over the work of the Mountain Sunday-school missionaries, departments of Missionary Education "I found one county with a population previously maintained by the Mission of more than 13,000, with less than Boards and the work of the New Era 600 enrolled in Sunday-schools. Now department of Missionary Education. there are early 2,000 boys and girls Rev. John Bailey Kelly, who will be in this county who are attending Sungeneral director of the department, day-school regularly, Whole counties, has been for some years associated one of them larger than the State of with the missionary education work Rhode Island, have not as yet been of the Board of Home Missions, and reached by the Sunday-school missionwith the New Era Department oJ: ary. In these rural districts there Missionary Education, of which he are many native preachers, who have was acting director during Mr. B. no connection with any established Carter Millikin's absence on a visita- church, preaching quaint doctrines, tion of the mission fields. It is ex- and leading the people into a wilderpected that in the near future a ness of bewilderment and doubt. The properly qualified woman will be as- cry of all the young people is for the sociated with Mr. Kelly in the WOl'k plain teaching and preaching of the of the department. An advisory Word of God." Six Sunday-school' council, consisting of representatives appointed by the Board of Foreign Missions, the Board of National Mis·

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missionaries in this region are carry- deficits in other communions. Presiing on 120 schools, in which 7,200 dent Harmon of the Board of Educachildren and young people are en- tion pointed out that there are now rolled. 1,200 fewer preachers than ten years ago, and says it is because the churches Vacation School Missionary Work demand better preachers.

THE largest daily vacation Bible Mormon Invasion of the East . school this past summer in Mil- MISS ELIZABETH B. VERwaukee, Wis., and reputedly the MILYE, writing in The Chrislargest in the West, was that held by tian Intelligencer, says: "It is a mis- Perseverance Presbyterian Church, taken idea with some that the Mormon which was distinctly missionary in Church is chiefly confined to Utah and character. Of the 359 pupils enrolled adjacent states, and is dying out there. only 155 were from Protestant fam- In fact, the Church holds control or ilies, according to a report prepared balance of power in at least seven by the principal, Rev. Miloslav Filipi, states, extending from north to south assooiate pastor, and only 145 were through the western section of the of English-speaking families. Sixty- country." Brigham H. Roberts, in five children claimed Catholic affilia- a recent newspaper interview antions, two Christian Scientist, one nounced that, the work of the Mormons .Jewish, and seventy-three reported "being finished in the West," they "no church.'" Five of the pupils are now planning a campaign to win were Hungarian, two Austrian, seven the East, for which 1,500 missionaries Dutch, twenty Bohemian and eighty- have been deputed. Miss Vermilye five German. The attendance for five continues: "It will be remembered days or more was 266, as compared that Mr. Roberts was refused his seat with 239 last year and 175 in 1921. in Congress many years ago, because of his open and openly confessed Denominational Conventions polygamy. He is now directing the 'Eastern State Mission,' with head- THE recent session of the National quarters in New York City and Baptist Convention at Los An- Brooklyn. Under this mission thougeles, Cal., was the most encouraging sands of missionaries have gone out in the history of that body, both in every year, before and since the war point of attendance and in the amount in large numbers, but during the war of work accomplished during the brief with reduced forces. Their instruc- Conventional year (December, 1922, tions have carried them to 'every city, to September, 1923), by the various town, rural district, village and house; Boards. At the annual Disciples con- to talk to anyone who would listen, vention, held at Colorado Springs, at least twice.' In parts of New York, September 3rd to 9th, the total benev- New Jersey, and New England they olence income for the past year was have secured stronger positions and reported to be near $5,000,000. The more recruits than many dream of." colleges have received large additions to their endowment. Rev. Jesse Kennedy School of Missions Baders, superintendent of evangelism, asserted that the next year book will I N its twelfth annual report, the show a net gain of 68,000 this year in Kennedy School of Missions, which membership. The world membership is a part of the Hartford Seminary is 1,378,000, most of which is in the Foundation, states that the total en- Middle West. There was much dis- r:ollment for the past year was fortycussion of the deficit of $250,000 in five, a slight increase over the precedthe treasury of the United Christian ing year. This number was divided Missionary Society, but the secretaries as follows: Candidates for the degree pointed out that this was near the of Ph.D., 12; former students, 3 i bottom of the list as compared with

first-year studentB, 29; special stu- citizens drew up, signed and presented dent, 1. Of this total number, 17 probably the most outspoken public were candidates or appointees in resi- statement from an organized group of dence, and 16 were missionaries in Negroes in the South that has been residence. Thirteen Mission Boards made in recent years. They cited a and ten mission fields were repre-' number of grievances, among them • sented. the following; Norwegian Lutheran Church " The Negro feels that his life is not safe in Mississippi, and that it may be taken THE second triennial convention of with impunity at any time upon the slightest the Norwegian Lutheran Church pretext or provocation by a white man. . .. of America was held in St. Paul, For every dollar spent for the education Minn., June 8th to 15th. Six years of the Negro child in the State of Missis· ago this Church was organized by a sippi there are about $20 spent for the edu· union of three former church bodies eation of the white child. . .. There are and now has a membership of 500,000. more than 1,000' high schools in the State The number of pastors is 1,301; con- for whites, while there is but one such public gregations 2,783; confirmed members school in the State mainta,ined for Negroes. 293,675, found chiefly in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, North and South Though there are about 800 consoli· Dakota, Illinois, and along the Pacific dated rural schools in the State for whites, Coast, but a few are in nearly every there is not one for Negroes. … Though state in the Union and quite a large the State has established a reformatory for number in Canada. The original the derelict white youth, at a cost of more stock of members were emigrants from than $1,000,000 and spends $30 per month per Norway who came over as early as capita upon each white derelict youth, to 1825 and will therefore celebrate their bring it back to good citizenship, not one centenary in 1925. The Church is dollar is spent for the reformation of the still to a great extent bi-lingual, but Negro derelict, but he is thrown into prison at the present time the home mission among the most hardened criminals." work is almost entirely English. The third generation of the immigrants Following the reception of this speaks the English language almost statement by a mass meeting of white exclusively. The Church has a theo- citizens local interracial meetings of logical seminary in St. Paul; four white and colored people were called colleges, three junior colleges, three at the county seats of every county in normal schools and nine academies. the State to discuss the situation and It conducts foreign missions in China, formulate plans to meet it. Madagascar and South Airiea, supporting 110 missionaries and 721 An Indian's Testimony native workers. It conducts an extensive home mission and has twenty AN old, blind Hopi Indian man, institutions of charity. when visiting the Southwest Bible and Missionary Conference at Camp Why Negroes Leave the South Eldon, Arizona, said: THE migration of Southern Negroes "I used to walk the old way, the to the North is a social tendency same as the other Hopis do, leading that has been much discussed of late. right to hell, and I did not know it. One of the most constructive discus- I was notnappy, not satisfied, always slons occurred at Jackson,. Miss., unsettled and disturbed. Now I am where white'planters and,leaders call1ld happy, satisfied and settled, because into conference a group of Negro rep- I know I am on my way to Heaven. resentatives and inquired of them why I heard the story of how God lo¥es Negroes were leaving the State in the world and gave His Son for a such large numbers. These colored Saviour for sinners, which includes me. I belie¥ed that and took that Jesus for My Saviour. I used to have all kinds of trouble and thought that when I became a Christian all these troubles would be o¥er with, but now I find that I am the center of a great

1923J 1')41

deal Df trDuble. My people ridicule years Df age, who. were born in this and SCDrn me, they hate me and do. all cDuntry, to a questionnaire ShDW: manner of things to. make life unpleas- That praotically all are attending ant for me. AlthDUgh it makes me feel American public schDols; nearly two badly for my people, I gladly bear all thirds are attending PrDtestant Sunthis. Jesus' life on earth was full of day-schools; thirty-five per cent gave trouble and full of suffering, and He their religiDn as Christian; nineteen bDre it patiently. I want to. be like per cent were Buddhists; the rest Him, therefore I go my way rejoicing, gave nOi answer. Replies frDm 342 knDwing that He wants; me to. bear American-born. Japanese, between this for His sake. " fifteen and twenty-two. years Df age, representing forty per cent Df the, Buddhist Activity in America Japanese Df that age, born in Cali- fornia, show 'that: FiftY-Dne per cent I T is repDrted that the Buddhists Df were attending 0.1' planning to. go. to Japan have organized a missiDnary high school; fifty p~r cent were exsociety and have undertaken to. pub- pecting to. go to college; Dne half were lish in English a high-grade magazine Christians; Qne fifth were Buddhists; called The Eastern Buddhist, to. be No answer was received from the rest. devDted to. the exposition and prDpagatiDn Df Buddhism. .A. Buddhist EUROPE meeting was ,held in Los Angeles, CalifQrnia, a shQrt time ago, which Annual British Conference was ~argely attended by Americans, and at which speeches were made COon· THE annual meeting of the Containing such statements as these: ference of British Missionary So- "Buddhism and Christianity had cieties, now fairly regarded as Qne much the same Qrigin; yet compare of the most important missionary the narrQW, dogmatic, intDlerant and events of the year, tQok place at Swaneven barbaric attitude of Christian· wick in June, and once more provided ity with the splendid character and abundant evidence of the value of coprofDund teachings Qf the gentle Bud· Dperative effort. During the past dha! LDDk at the crime renord amDng twelve mDnths, fQr instance, action has Christians! YDU never hear of such been taken with i'egard to such an Dutrages among Orientals! " "It important matter as the financial is becoming mOore and more evident," grants offered by the British Chambers CDmments the WatGhman.-Examiner, Df Commerce in China to British mis- "'that the war is on and that it is a sionary institutiQns. The Conference war to. the finish. Heathenism is no expressed its grate-ful acceptance of IDnger negative and quiescent. It is the proffered help, though taking care hitting back. It is realizing that its to guard against the suspiciDn that most effective defense of itself is an such institutiQns exist for the purpQse aggressive attack upon its enemies. Qf fQstering British trade 0.1' pDlitical If we do not Christianize the nations influence in China, and also making they will paganize us. In any case, it clear that the assistance was welheathenism will die hard. ' , comed only Dn the understanding that the grants would in no way interfere ;.rapaneae-Americans with the fullest freedom to make Christ knQwn through these institu- THE Japanese in the United States tions, PI' with the development Qf will nQt be assimilated by inter. "union," and so not exclusively Brimarriage, but the secQnd generation tish, institutions for higher educatiQn. is apparently being assimilated in a The CQnference has also made reprecultural and social way, adopting sentatiQns regarding the British share American ideals, standards Qf thought, of the Boxer indemnity, urging that living and character. Replies from the views of Chinese leaders as to the 1,600 J apane~ children under fifteen best use Qf it should be ascertained.

Other matters dealt with have been: published in which Italy is apparently the opium question, concerning which regarded as some barbarous country considerable attention has been given in need of civilization do not appeal to press publicity; the property of to any Italian within or without Vati- German missionaries in various parts can circles. The American dollar is of the mission field; and the grave becoming a real menace, we are told. situation in the Near East, again Even if the authorities prevent new chiefly by way of publicity. These buildings from being erected the fact important activities represent on~y It remains that non-Catholic schoolsalcomparatively small part of the Con- ready exist, and, as the others have ference's work.-Church Missionary been opened on the hillside, mothers Review. may end by sending their children to them, especia:lly as there are 'human Presbyterian Allianoe in Zurich comforts, ' such as motor-cars and trips to the sea, thrown in with edu- REV. J. R. ALEXANDER, D.D., cation. The Knights of Columbus of Cairo, reports having attended have entered the lists armed with a conference in Zurich, held from July modern weapons and are meeting the 21st to 27th by the Eastern and West- enemy on their own ground. Four ern sections of the Reformed Pres- gymnasiums are being opened in the byterian Churches. Its chief object most populated quarters in Rome, was "to meet with representatives of with a theater, recreation halls and the different Reformed Churches in grounds, baths, and two chapels for Central and Southeastern Europe- boys and girls. Another gymnasium to become acquainted with them per- is to be opened at Ostia, or some other sonally-to learn from them the con- seaside resort. 'Only Nero enjoyed dition of their Churches, their needs, as much as the nights of Knights of their problems, their difficulties, their Columbus will put at the disposal of opportunities. Most of these ChurcI1~ everybody worthy of Rome.' " are in the parts of, Europe devastated by the war. In one or two countries Illiteracy in Bu••fa in addition to the sorrows and losses of the war, the Reformed brethren DR. L. O. HARTMAN, editor of are being persecuted for their faith .zion's Herald, whose article on by the Roman Catholic and Greek "The Religious Situation in Russia" Orthodox authorities, and even by appeared in the August Review, is their governments. In Rumania and quoted in The C()'ngregationalist on Jugo-Slavia, especially, the purpose the subject of "the important and of the official rulers, directly and in- fruitful campaign against illiteracy directly, seems to be to force all their carried on by the present Russian Protestant fellow-subjects to leave government. In 1919, he says, the their country and their homes." Bolshevists issued a special decree on the reduction of illiteracy, and at the Methodists and the K. of c. end of two years were able to report that 6,000,000 adults had been taught THE plan of American Methodists to read and write. In 1922 they re- ported, 'every soldier in the army can . to erect a church and university read and write.' The goal for 1923 on the slopes of Monte Maria in Rome, seeks. to banish illiteracy from the overlooking St. Peter's, has been re- 5,000,000 members of the labor orferred to in the Review. Quoting ganizations. The great problem, of from Italian sources, the London course, is the peasant population, Observer says of the situation: "The which constitute!,; 85 per cent of the diffusion of the 'heretical Bible' is inhabitants 'of Russia and is for the also condemned as being among 'the most part untaught. The educational 'vulgar proselytizing methods of Meth- leaders have set their faces to the odists, Baptists, Y. M. C. A., and Y.

W. C. A., e1;c.,' while the pamphlets

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solution of this problem and hope to aviD. and Silesia. One group of the banish illiteracy from the country by last named has formed a Christian 19217. Especial attention is being Endeavor Society under the leadergiven to agricultural and technical ship of a former priest who heard training. Seventy per cent. of all the "FatheT Endeavor" Clark on his last students in the highest schools are visit to Bohemia. from the ranks of the working men and the peasants. This statement For Albanian Girls should be qualified, however, by the confession that 'many of the teachers THE girls' school, founded in 1891 in these institutions are poorly fitted in Kortcha, Albania, and forced to for the work and they are scandal- close during the World War, has now ously underpaid.' An outside ob- been reopened at Tirana, the new server, also, might be curious to know capital city. Mrs. Dako, the principal, what is being taught in these schools·! writes: Undoubtedly nothling which is lob_ jectionable from the Bolshevist point , 'The school has been reopened with of view." the aim of giving secondary education, but new needs and demands have com- The Vhurch in Vzecho-Slovakia pelled us to add to the work new special features; a preparatory de- REPORTS. have appeared from partment has already been added for time to time in the Review during the girls older than twelve, who canthe past three years of the religious not continue to attend the primary movements going on in Czecho-Slov- public schools. Since there is no akia. These have resulted so far in normal school to prepare girls to (1) the formation of an independent teach, our institution accepted the re- Neo-Catholic Church which, entirely sponsibility to give a regular course separated from Rome, declared its for training teachers. Besides this we firm allegiance to the religious ideas have a finishing department, a departof John Hus; abolished the celibacy ment for domestic science and home among the clergy; sanctioned the industry, and one for training nurses, institution of lay preachers; intro- of which our country especially is in duced the Czech language into itl:l urgent need. Of course, we are just services and prayer books, and adopted at the beginning, preparing the girls an extremely democratic constitutio!! for the different departments. .. The It is organized now in some 100 COll- staff of teachers this year numbers gregations and has a membership of five; all are kept very busy to keep about 1,000,000 souls. It maintains a up with their respective duties. All friendly attitude towards, and an are working hard and with great enactive cooperation with the Czech thusiasm :for the growth of the insti- Evangelical denominations, and shows tution, for all are anxious for it to an earnest endeavor to acquaint its lead and be a power for the country." adherents with the Bible. (2) Another movement comprising approxi- AFRIVA mately one million of suoh people as have severed their connection with the "All in One Lifetime" Roman Catholic Church, yet prefer, meanwhile, not to associate themselves T HE> following summrury of miswith any particular Church. There sionary achievements. given in the are many among them who "are not Record of ChrUiian. Wark, so imfar from the Kingdom of God." (3) pressed an editor in Calcutta that he Great numbers of Czech people who, reproduced it in the columns of the formerly of Roman Catholic creed, Indiatn Witness: "In Cairo lives the are now members of the Czech Evan- widow of a missionary who came to gelical Churches in Bohemia, Mor- Egypt in 1862, when there were fifty members of the Evangelical Church. In her own lifetime she has seen that organization grow to a membership

of 16,000 adult communicants in a charge that slavery is rampant in the total community of at least 40,000, country. It is impossible to furnish enrolled in 300 congregations or statistics, says the report, owing to preaching places. She has seen schools the careful measures adopted by the grow from five to 187, with 15,000 slaves themselves and their masters pupils, Moslem and Christian, receiv- to conceal their real status. The ing Bible lessons, as well as instruc- slaves, in some cases, are allowed to tion in secular branches daily. She buy their freedom from their masters, has lived to see the establishment of. but at whatever price the master may a medical service-in which the Bible designate. is presented to every patient-providing 82,000 treatments a year. She Protected if a. Christian even has seen a village or two where evangelical Christians outnumber the AN incident narrated by E. H. followers of all other faiths." Clark of Central Africa shows the respect in which Christians are A Kiug Helps Build Boads held by the other villagers. He says that a certain village woman applied DR. TOM LAMBIE, of the United to join the preparation class for Presbyterian Mission in Abys- church membership at a time when sinia, tells a story of Ras Tafari, the her husband was so seriously ill that present ruler, in the MmthLy of the all hope of his recovery had been given Moody Bible Institute. One day, up. "She had been in the village inwhen Dr. Lambie was out visting pa- quirers' class for a year or more, and tients, he met a crowd of thousands ordinarily would have been considered of people. Among them, on horse- quite fit for the preparation class, back, was Ras Tafari. Each one was which itself lasts two years. But her carrying a stone on his shoulder. husband's relatives absolutely refused 'l'hey had gone to Kubbana River, to allow her to join us, saying that each had picked up a great stone, and she could not be a Christian, because they were carrying them back to mend immediately her husband died, she the road, in preparation for the rainy must be inherited by his brother,·who season. Dr. Lambie says: "When I was a polygamist. The woman, howsaw the ruler of Abyssinia leading ever, had taken a firm stand, and said the way to the roek-pile and carrying that whether her husband lived or stones to encourage his men, I felt he died, she would be a Christian and was doing a very great and fruitful would not allow a polygamist to take service to them-and to his country. her. When the ma~ter came before' He was teaching them not to be the church meeting, all agreed that ashamed of work and setting an ex- she must be admitted to the preparaample of service for the public good. " tion class immediately. 'If we don't admit her.' they said, 'directly her Slavery in Togoland husband dies !She'll be tied up and thrashed until she does eonsent to be REFERENCE was made in the taken by her husband's brother, but September Review to the exis- if she is one of us they won't dare to tence of slavery in Abyssinia and touch her.' " Southwest Africa. A more recent Associated Press dispatch from Lon- Salvaging the Ca.rgo don states that the survival of domestic slavery in Togoland is reported by MISSION.A.RIE'S in West Africa the commission in charge of the depend, more than the home British mandated, sphere of that churches are likely to realize, upon country, despite the law passed by the shipments which come to them the Germans in 1895 and 1902 sup- from America. Rev. John H. Bradpressing all forms of slavery. The ford, of the Presbyterian Mission in committee has been investigating the the Cameroun, writes concerning a

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large shipment, which included two drome was successfully concluded. steam engines and boilers for the After his majesty had chatted with industrial school at Elat: "The first the British officers at the Amman air thing we knew a telegram arrived station, he motored to the Emir saying that the barge loaded with Abdullah's encampment, which lies machinery was stuck on the bar. Of above the town. There his majesty course Mr. Cozzens took the motor was received by his brother, attended and made a rush trip to Kribi 120 by a troop of Transjordanian milimiles away and spent a good many tary_"

hours salvaging the wreck, for by the time he arrived the boat had floated INDIA at high tide and gone ashore. Finally Mrs. Starr's Kospital all was landed, but the barge went to pi~ces on the rocks. But after the THE heroism of Mrs. L. A. Starr, landing all was not over, for all the who, with a native escort, underengines were taken apart and cleaned took the perilous journey into the of salt water; household goods and heart of Tirah, in order to rescue Miss other articles were put out in the Ellis from the Afridi raiders of the tropical sun to dry out, and up to Mghan frontier, was referred to in date the only article that we know of the September Review. Some idea that was an absolute loss was: ten of the variety of patients who are pounds of hypo which was all dis- treated in the Peshawar hospital solved. One of the baby organs that where Mrs. Starr is a nurse, is given makes music for us got dipped and in the follOWing extra.ct from her forever the reeds will be off key be- latest report: "One morning last cause of their salt bath, while the August among the thirty or so outbellows came off and the carpenters patients who happened to have gathof the Frank James Industrial School ered, I counted eight nMionalities, for Tibet is the land 'Where three had the task of replacing them. I empires meet.'" Last summer they had several hundred pounds of stereo- expected to run from Leh (the capita! type metal come and the way they of Lesser Tibet) a traveling mission were found was by the boys' searching hospital to go into the untouche!l for them with their feet and when lands of Baltistan and Yarkand. where there are 'lW hospitals and no found pulling them out of the water. "

NEAR EAST doctors, and from where sick folk, if they want to reach a hospital at aU, Airplanes Replace Oamels must still travel down by slow stages AUTOMOBILES in the Sahara on pony-back to Kashmir or up to seemed a sta.rtling enough in- Tibet.

novation, but the modern has indeed replaced the ancient when an Arab A Ohristian Statesman king travels, not on a royal camel SIR NARAYAN CHANDARVAR- KAR, who died at Bangalore on but in an airplane. Yet, according to 8 paragraph in the Palestine Weekly, May 14th, is described as having been "K(ing Feisal .of Irak .has ~t last "one of the most attractive figures in arrived at Amman on his long-waited the public life of India today." An visit, and was received with much English friend, writing of him in the pomp by his ruling brother in Trans- Bombay G'uardian, says: "He kneW'

jordania, the Emir Abdullah. A slight the Christian Scriptures with the in- mishap befell his majesty during the timacy of one who read them and fed flight from Bagdad to Amman, when his soul upon them continually. He his machine was forced to land at loved to discuss the meaning of some Azark, owing to a shortage of petrol. passage that had arrested his atten- Another machine was dispatched with tion. Next to the Bible the greatest supplies, and the flight to Marka air- influence in his life was, I think, the S

poet Browning, whose strenuous mes- College, Kandy, has done for Ceylon. sage has remarkable attraction for A somewhat similar proposal is being thoughtful Indians. He was scarcely mooted in Bengal, while in the Telugu less familiar with Wordsworth, and area plans are being matured for a indeed the great English poets were union college which shall carry farther much in his mind and on his lips. the developments which have taken When he was appointed the first Pres- place at the Noble College, Masulipaident of the new Bombay Council he tam.

found a sphere that admirably suited his gifts and training and in which Human Sacrifice in Burma he rejoiced. His knowledge of history and of law, and, not less, his sense of SLAVERY and human sacrifices dignity and decorum fitted him ad- are still going on in some of the mirably for the task of creating a mountain districts of Northern Burma, worthy tradition in the conduct of the according to the annual report of the business of the legislature. But Sir Commissioner of the Northeastern Narayan was happiest, not in the Frontier, quoted in the New Y O'rk chair as President of the Council, but Times. It is in the territory known talking with the village people, as he as the Naga Hills that the sacrifices went for his daily walk, learning of take place. Attempts by the British their troubles and rejoicing in their Government to eradicate these pracshrewd and 'homely wisdom. He was tices have not yet entirely succeeded. eager to see them helped, to secure The redemption of Slaves intended for them medical relief and make for sacrifice has only resulted in fantheir bare lives easier. In such sim· tastic prices being charged for the pleness and gentleness he lived among victims and the money being saved his fellows, loving and beloved." for bigger and more e'Xpensive sacri· fices later.

Union Educational Eftorb The government investigators have discovered that the number of human THE appointment of one full-time sacrifices in the Naga Hills is never less than from six to ten a year. . secretary of the National Christian Council of India is bearing fruit, says Sometimes, when funds are plentiful, the Ch..urch.. Missionary Review, and the number in a year amounts to !he Rev. W. Paton has been able to twenty or thirty. The most common stimulate and bring to fruition several victims are Indian children, both boys 'united efforts. The educational and girls, kidnapped from Assam, genius of the Rev. W. J. McKee, of although any kind of available slaves the American Preosbyterian Mission, may be inoluded in the slaughter. which has built up a unique social One Indian girl, who had already been training scheol at Moga, Punjab, has marked for sacrifice by the Nagas, been made available to a wide circle was recently released through govern- of missions through conferences and ment action.

summer schools at Ahmednagar, The Value of His Faith Guntur, and other centers, and thus his work is being multiplied. The ASTORY told of the Methodist missions engaged in higher education work in Singapore is so striking in the Punjab have united in a com- that it has been widely quoted: A mon poliey in respect of their inter- Chinese boy in Singapore had armediate and university colleges, and ranged to be baptized shortly after his they are now carefully considering graduation, but to his surprise he won the possibilities of joint action to a scholarship of $500 a year for four found in North India an institution years in the Hongkong University.

mainly for Christian boys which may One of the conditions was, The winner , perhaps do for the Punjab and United must be a Confucianist. To a poor .Provinces something of what Trinity student the temptation to defer bap.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

tism was yery great, but he resisted pound in safety. The soldiers came and stood before the altar for baptism and apologized-cold comfort had any at the appointed time. A frie'lld, a one been killed! There are many Confucianist, stood next in line for bandits in the surrounding country the scholarship, but was so impressed and some one said that the old buck- that he refused the scholarship, say- board was mistaken for a machine ing : ' ,If Christianity is worth so gun. PAULINE E. HAMILTON.

much to my classmate, it can be worth no less to me. I will be a Christian. " Christian Students at Nanking He also was baptized. REV. .A.. J. BOWEN, President of Nanking University, China, writes CHINA of a religious census of the students, Two Missionaries Murdered which was taken at the time of the TWO workers of the Church Mis- spring registration, and which brought sionary Society, Rev. Frederick J. the following fac.ts to light: "Sixty- Watt, B. Sc., and Rev. Richard A. two non-Christian students expressed Whiteside, were murdered by bandits a desire to become Christians and have near Mienyang, in Szechuen Province, interviews with members of the faeon August 14th. No word has come ulty; twenty-seven other non-Christian of their wives and children, who, it is students expressed a desire to become presumed, are theref()re safe. Mr. Christians, but did not express any Whiteside, who ,has been in China desire as to interview; while twentysince 1909, has been in charge of the two of the Christian students ex- C. M. S. Boys' Boarding School ~t pressed a desire for interviews with Mienyang. This is a school of forty- the faculty. Thirteen of the more eight boys, half of them Christians. advanced ,college students are pre- 'I.'he school gives a four years' course, paring for the ministry. There is a the average age of the boys being total of 169 Christian students in the college student body. When we reseventeen to eighteen. Mr. Watt, an membered that there are 2,997 Junior athletic and virile peorsonality, spared College students and a large percentno pains, and succeeded in giving a age of them from government schools, practical all-round education. He it means that the Senior College stuwas especially keen on the scientific dents to a large extent are Christians, side of the school. When home on and it is gratifying to know that, as furlough in 1920-1921 he gave organ the students remain, going through lessons and worked with his hands the Junior College into the Senior that he might raise a special fund and relieve the ordinary missionary College, more and more of them befunds for providing scientific instru- come definttely Christian.' , ments.

A Soldier Evangelist S R Attacked by Soldiers EV. HAROLD W. ROBINSON, HUNTEFU was recently put on of Paotingfu, China, writes in the map of China, when Mr~ the Missionary Herald, of a Major and Mrs. J. A. Miller were fired upon Chang who, during his New Year holi- by soldiers as they were going in Dr. day, carried on an evangelistic cam- Guy Hamilton's buckboard from the paign in his home town on his own railroad station to the compound. The initiative. He continues: "Major mules were terrified and the cart€'l', Chang bas a reputation as a doer of whose hand was almost shot off, was the word as well as a preacher. Last unable to control them. After a mad year he was sent with his, battalion to dash down steep grades and up a Honan, and at one place where his high bank, Mr. Miller found an op- soldiers were moving ammunition on portunity to jump out and grab the wheelbarrows one, not very strong, lines. They finally reached the com- could not keep up with the others.

The major had him tie a rope to the A "Rag-Tag Sunday-school" front of the wheelbarrow and the major pulled while the private REV. OTTO BRASKAMP, Presbypushed. It was warm weather, and terian Missionary in lchoufu, soon the perspiration began running Shantung Province, China, writa!: down the major's face; but he con- "Ragged, dirty, often naked, many of tinued to pulL As they neared a them orphans or homeless, these little county seat the magistrate and chief ragtags compose a Sunday-school of police came out to meet them with membership in the city of lchoufu, a brass band. They found the sol- China. The school, composed almost diers but could see no one that looked entirely of these little waifs, has a tolike a major. When they asked for tal enrollment of 400. Many of the him his soldiers pointed to the man in children, having been left homeless by the rear wearing no coat, but tugging the death of their parents or relatives, at a wheelbarrow. 'But why does he have to seek food or raiment for do that T' inquired the surprised themselves. The missionary has not magistrate. 'Because he is a Chris- the heart to tell one of these little tian,' was the reply that was given. waifs to go home to put on a garment The ordinary army officer would have and return. If he does, the mother beaten the soldier to make him keep says, 'The missionary does not want up with the others. Major Chang has my child to know of the Jesus doc- Christian Dastors come and preach to trine. ' They often have but one his soldiers every week, and already garment and that is kept for the 600 of his men have been baptized. winter. Therefore we would rather Those who know him say he is a sec- have the children come without clothond Feng Yu Hsiang." ing than not come at all. They are so eager to get to Sunday-school each A Bible Society Seeretary week that long before the hour of assembly they are in their seats. A THE British and Foreign Bible So- bright colored U. S. postcard or Sun- ciety announces the appointment, day-school card is ample reward for as secretary of its Chinese auxiliary, their silent interest in the story of the of Rev. George Wm. Sheppard, of the boy Jesus. We could use between English United Methodist Church. 400 and 500 cards each week. Tbese This post, which was occupied for they paste on their black mud walla twenty-eight years by Rev. G. H. above their mud-brick beds and teach Bondfield; D.D., of the London Mis- their parents the golden text each sionary Society, is one of the most im- week." portant. in its' far-reaching influence of any in the mission field. About a JAPAN-CHOSEN third of the total output of the Society is in China, which in one recent A Japanese Y. M. C. A. Leader year circulated over 3,000,000 copies. The work of the Chinese branch in- S OICRI SAITO, General Secretary cludes translating, printing, publish- of the National Y. M. C. A.. in ing and distributing the scriptures Japan, visited the United States used by all the missionary societies in after attending the International Misthe country, and it is widely known sionary Counoil in Oxford and World how numerous are the dialects in Conference of Workers among Boys which they require to be issued. T~e in Austria. He was on shipboard number of colporteurs employed IS when he learned of the earthquake in about 450, and they penetrate every Japan, and it was not until September province. Mr. Sheppard went to 17th that he heard by cable of the Ningpo as a missiona~y in 18~8, and safety of his family in Tokyo. Mr. has served his church III that CIty and Saito is partiCUlarly interested in dedistrict ever since, with conspicuous veloping the work for boys in Japan. Camps for boys have been held for ability. two years past and a beginning has

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

been made with good encouragement. members of this band were the The past summer for the first time leaders: there was a conference of Christian teachers in the Japanese high schools , 'These meetings were very successful, beon the subject of upbuilding boy char- tween fifty and sixty deciding for Christ. acter. Of twenty-six who took part, As they lasted ten days, the work was half were teachers in public schools, more thorough even than that of the Kanathe others in mission schools. Annual mori meetings. 'rhere were a number of conferences are proposed in the in- really remarkable conversions. Among them terest of this movement. A building was a young drygoods merchant, owner of for boys' work is one of the features a very fine store on one of the main streets. which Mr. Saito hopes to see included The night he was converted he went home in the rebuilding plans. rather late, but before he went to rest told his wife of sins he had committed against Child Mortality In Japan her, and confessed his acceptance of J'llsus Christ. Although not a Christian, she said THE subject of child mortality has that that was the best news she had ever recently been rousin"g great inter- heard. She was very happy, and the next est among the Japanese. The death morning accepted Christ also. Another conrate of children under five is nearly vert was a teacher in a primary sehool. He forty per cent, so the Mainic.hi de- had been through very, very deep waters, clares. Many ex~ellent plans are on and had quite recently lost his wife. His foot to encourage~ and teach better experience and testimony are among the care of children. For instance, each most remarkable I have ever heard for one winter a baby exhibition is held in so young in the faith. He seemed to enter Tokyo, with prizes given for the best into some of the deep truths of Christianity specimens. At the last one, less than almost immediately. The meanings of the balf of the babies brought for inspec- atonement and the indwelling of thP Holy tion were passed. Another exhibition Spirit seem to have been revealed to him for mothers with young children was in a way that many mueh older Christians held in Osaka; "foreign" parapher- do not B8em to apprehend." nalia were displayed, lectures on the care of infants were given, and con- AUSTRALASIA sultations 'wiere h~ldwith mothers. In Osaka a "Consultation Bureau" Australian Nurses' Movement is regularly carried on for the parents of deficient or weak children. This THE sixth annual conference of the was started by some Christian doctors, Australian Nurses' Christian Moveand is supported by the city author- ment was held in Melbourne in May. ities, but in its working the doctors This movement, which is represenfound themselves hampered, so they tative of all the Protestant Churches, resigned, and a couple of them are was organized in 1913, after two now conducting a second center along years' prayer and preparation in Christian lines. dealing with the difficulties of getting into the hospitals, of finding leaders Successful Tent Meetings for Bible study circles and securing a traveling secretary. The work was T HE Japan Evangelistic Band is brought almost to a standstill during an undenomination3i1 organization, the World War, but was reorganized made up of both English and Jap- in 1919. The number of Bible circles anese workers, with headquarters at at present in Victoria is twenty-five Kobe, that does work here and there and the average attendance is four throughout the Empire, helping mis- hundred. At least thirty nurses have sionary organizations and ,churches taken up special work in the home wherever possible. Rev. Ernest N. or foreign field or inland Australia, Chapman, of Isada, writes of a series and sixteen are at present training of meetings held there, in which some with this end in vieW'.

The Bible in New Zealand TWO reports, from widely di:ffering sources, indicate a special interest in the Bible in New Zealand at the present time. First, George T. B. Davis writes to the Monthly published

by the Moody Bible Institute: "We (5) The claim of an inspired scripfeel confident the Lord is going to do ture. (6) The report of miracles great things in answer to prayer here wrought. (7) The principle of 'the in New Zealand. Already 30,000 Golden Rule.' (8) A certain social Testaments have been ordered from gospel, or the especially sacred com- London of which 20,000 have reached munity. (9) The hope of a universal New Zealand. The Bible has been religion. (10) The bopes and .fears shut out of the schools, and there is a of a future life. (11) Salvation by crying need for the work." faith. (12) The doctrine of a Trin- ity. However, there are three points In support of the last statement in which I cannot adduce any parallel comes the assertion by The Christian from the history of the other religions Century that the Bible in Schools of the world, viz., (1) the character Propaganda Committee of New Zea- cf Jesus Christ Himself; (2) the land is a very active organization. It character of God as revealed by Jesus has marshalled a wide variety of argu- Christ; and (~) the work of the Holy ments in behalf of the idea of includ- Spirit as assured by Jesus Christ." ing the study of the Bible in the educational scheme. Among these argu- A Jewish Life of Christ ments are some startling statements on moral conditions in New Zealand. DR. JOSEPH KLAUSNER, a de- Fifty per cent of the first births of voted Zionist and prominent that lann indicate that illicit relation- Hebrew publicist, is the author of a ships have been formed previous to "Life of Jesus of Nazareth," written marriage. It is insisted that only the in modern Hebrew. Although it gives creation of a moral ideal through re- but an incomplete picture of our Lord, ligious instruction will lessen these and will not satisfy the Christian conditions. reader, the fact that such a work should appear in Jerusalem is not GENERAL without significance. Dr. Klausner warns his readers not to deceive them- How Christianity Is Supreme selves by thinking that the Evan- gelists invented their stories, and so I N summing up the results of his corrects the attempt made in many comparative study of religion, Dr. polemical Jewish publications to show Ernest Hume, Professor of the His- the gospels to be a tissue of lies. The tory of Religion in Union Theological purpose of the book is not, however, Seminary, New York, says: "For my- to commend Jesus as Messiah and self, I would testify that the study of Divine Saviour, but rather to justify the history of religions has produced the rejection of Christ, both in the a greater confidence in the unequalled past and in the present. According religious value of the Christian Bible to Dr. Klausner, Jesus is to be to the and especiaHy in the supremacy of Jewish nation no more than "a great Jesus Christ. There are a dozen moral teacher and an artist in parpoints of similarity between Chris- able. " Nevertheless, the attitude of tianity and other religions of the the writer to the gospels will open the world, although at each point I believe eyes and the mind of many Jewish that Christianity is superior. These readers, and Jewish missionaries will are: (1) Belief in one supreme wor- be able to appeal to a Jewish authority shipful Being. (2) The claim of di- when the authenticity of the New Tesvine incarnation. (3) The claim of tament is called in question. a supernatural origin of the Founder. (4) The claim of divine revelation.

MKSSIONAltY

Ways of Ah Sin. By Charles R. Shepherd. dIe Kingdom at their best-the intel- Dlustrated. 12mo. 223 pp. $1.50. Flem- ligent, industrious, high-minded group ing H. Revell Co. New York. 1923. which are a credit to their native In this effective story of Chinese land and an asset to the land of their slave ~irl traffic in AlI':erica, D~. Shep- adoption. He represents rather, what herd lias drawn on hIS experIence In might be called the unregenerate Chi- China as well as on his four years as nese-we use the tenn advisedly. He a Baptist worker on the Pacific Coast and his tribe still exist and they have of America. No ordinary missionary increased in number. They have book is this! It is a thrilling story of waxed fat, prosperous and powerful; the life of a Chinese girl in America and in addition to their own native that grips one's interest fr<>m begin- wiles and CllUning, have adopted many ning to end. It reveals unpleasant of the ideas and vices of the lower facts but those which all Christians strata of American society. They and particula:rly American Christians constitute today the greatest single should know. menace to peace, prosperity and social On the strong personal interest cen- progress in every Chinese community tering in an attractive young girl and in the United States."

her rescue hangs the whole story of The book not only recounts the the Chinese slavery in America. The facts in the form of a story, but de- tale is told with such dramatic effect votes the last chapter to the history, that one is led to wonder if it may the meaning and the present activi- not soon be announced on the moving ties of the Chinese secret societies picture programs. called "Tongs."

Dr. George W. Hinman, a Congre- The book will give a shock to the gational co-worker with Dr. Shepherd contented lover of America who is as- among the Chinese of the Pacific sured that things are about right as Coast, speaks of the book as "A they are. It will give him pain to graphic and accurate picture of co~- realize that these "Tongs" are an ndeitsieoncsomwmhiucnhithyonf€r'oYmcomSbanevFeraryncCishcio- American product and adapted to the to New York. Tong murders decreed conditions of evil possible in Chinese in San Francisco may be executed in aections of American cities. It should Chicago or New York. The Black stimulate the energy of every full- Hand of Chinese terrorism uses the blooded Christian American to do long-distance telephone and has its what he can ter stand up and fight a agents everywhere. The present na- very real and extensive evil. It will tion-wide protest against the sale of give a new vision of what home mis- dope is bound to lead investigators sion agencies contend against in Chi- to the sources, Chinese wholesalers, nese quarters of the Pacific Coast. It backed by secret societies organized to will be heartening to realize that the aid and protect their members. This great force to fight this evil is the story will awaken the country to the united spirit of heroism and devotion consequences of tolerating such law- that is increasingly possessing the defying organizations." Christian Chinese. Surely the strength Dr. Shepherd makes clear in his of the moral force of Christian Amer- foreword that "the wily All Sin does ica should aid directly and immedi- not represent the children of the Mid- ately in crushing out a real curse!

951

Confronting Young Men with the Living economic trial, has received $684,484 Christ. John R. Mott. 12mo. 203 pp. without any direct appeals for funds. $1.50. Association Press,. New York. 1923. This is more from Great Britain, Aus- tralia and China, though less from These addresses on the need of America, than last year. Forty-five young men for a vital personal relationship to Jesus Christ as divine new workers were sent out so the total Saviour and Lord are strong and ef- foreign missionaries now under the fective. Dr. Mott shows that equip- Society number 1,086 who are supment and organization without life ported at a cost of $300,000 or about are useless and that spiritual life $300 each a year, plus about $75,000 under Christ's control will be a real for the home operation and $158,194 force in solving social problems. for 1,382 Chinese helpers, rents, etc., Those working among young men and in China. young women will find here many valuable suggestions and stimulating Christian Ways of Salvation. By George thoughts. W. Richards. 12mo. 327 pp. $2.50.

Following the Pioneers. A Story of Ameri- The Macmillan Co. New York. 1923. can Baptist Mission Work in India and Burma. Joseph C. Robbins. 12mo. 162 The use of the plural in the title pp. $1.501)et. The Judson Press. Phila· delphia. 1923. is an indication of the standpoint from A journey to India and Burma last which the book is written. The author year has resulted in this volume that not only gives some graphic pictures is Professor of Church History in the of lands and people but, with up-todate facts and pictures, tells the won- Reformed Church Theologica!l Seminderful story of missionary aehievement with vividness and power. It is ary and adheres to the so-caNed not an ordinary book of travel nor a commonplace study book and, while modern view which regards the age devoted to Baptist missions, contains inspiration for all. An index would long advance in religious ideas as due be a distinct addition and we see no good reason for jumping from India to an evolutionary proeess. to Burma, back to South India and then to Assam. The initial discussion of the book Enlargement in Distress. deals with comparative religion and, This is the title of the latest annual follewing the familiar line of deducreport of the China Inland Mission. In the midst of national unrest in tgiroen~t the author finds the roots of the China, with brigandage, famine, flood truths of Christianity first in and other difficulties, and in spite of financial distress in America and Eng- the ancient religions of Assyria, India land, the report is full of encouragement. The Mission reports more than and Egypt; traces certain common 6,300 baptisms in the year-the largest number in any year (except one) elements in the religions of Greeoceand since it was founded. Nearly 100,000 Chinese have been baptized in all by finally establishes the more complete the Mission. development in the religion of Israel.. Another significant fact is that while most Mission Boards report With this foundation, the developdeficits, the C. I. M., in this time of ment of the idea of salvation is traced through the teachings of Jesus and His apostles and finally the history of the Christian Church and in the modern world.

There is a wealth of historical illus- trations which, at certain points, is most illuminating and there are dis- tinctions between vital Christian doc- trines and mere tradition which are timely and important. As to the ml;tin thesis, however, few evangelicail be- lievers will accept such a statement of God's saving message. For ex- ample, there is a significant obscurity in the author's reference to Christ's baptism by John when he says "Deep called unto deep, The divinity within Him, quickened into full self-consciousness by the divine voice from shows the relations of magic to reabove, responded to the heavenly wis- ligion. It is, therefore, of special dom. He went down into the water value to missionaries to primitive peoa Galilean peasant; He came up out ples in all lands and will give them of the water the Christ of God; a an understanding of the many dark mystery in the inmost consciousness sayings and mysterious practices with we will not attempt to explain." A which they: come into contact. It is new form of kenosis theory! sane, complete and reliable and the abridged edition will enable students The divine stature of Jesus is to read it who have neither the time further diminished by repeated refer- nor the money for the monumental ence to "the apocalyptic language of edition of twelve books. His time" and on this point he adopts the view of Prof. Harnack: ' ,Jesus Persian Sketches. Rt. Rev. J. H. Linton lived and spoke within the circle of D.D., Bishop of Persia; Foreword by esctatological ideas which J udiasm General Sir Percy Sykes. Illustrated. had developed more than two hundred 130 pp. 2 s 6 d. Church Missionary years before and He controlled them Society Press. London. 1922. by giving them a new content and forcing them into a new direction." No profound problems of mission- The difficmlty of the apocalyptic teach- ary work are dealt with in this little ing of Jesus is resolved by referring book which evidently embodies the to it as the framework of His ministry musings of Bishop Linton's leisure and thus not a part of the permanent hours. The sketchs of men and womstructure. "Whatever the terms were en and things in the land of Cyrus are taken from Jewish apocalypsis, light and most of them amusing, but Helenic philosophy or Roman law, they are true to life, and show real they were only transient forms or insight and genuine sympathy. The media which half concealed and half author makes' us smile at the way they revealed Jesus." The messianic hope act and think in Persia, but he does which is admitted to have been almost not mock for he loves the people and dominant in the Church for the first sees the good in them.-R. M. L. one hundred years is ascribed to a recrudescence of Jewish ideas and is A West African Romance. By A. E. regarded on the whole as having been Southon, $8.00, 7 s, 6 d. Hooder and a hindrance to the spread of the (i{)s- Stoughton, London, England. 1923. pel This romance of West African bush While the avowed purpose of this life, on the contention that his halfwriter is too clearly dill:erentiate the caste villain, Tulasi, suffers so much salvation of the Christian gospel from ill-treatment and humiliation at the the errors and superstitions which handa of the white men he meets that have obscured its meaning, neverthe- the iron enters into his soul, and he, 'less, it is difficult to see how faith can though admiring them secretly, dedifind a foothold in the narrow sphere cates his life to the task of driving of diluted truth which is allowed to them from the Coast. To avenge himremain.-H. R. M. self fOlj' the kicks received from the Europeans of Lagos, he become~ the The Golden lIough. A study in Magie and leader of an up-country gang of out- Religion. Abridged Edition, by J. G. laws, whom he bends to his will by the Frazer. 8 vo. 756 pp., 25 s. (Mac- creation of a new god" whose priest millan & Co., New York.) he pretends to be. By the power of this new god he means to kni.t all the This is a single volume abridgment tribes together for he sees that African of a twelve volume work of unusual disunion makes the European way thoroughness and merit. It contains easy and believes that if he can unite much accurate information in rt)gard the warring chiefs he can bathe spears to the origin and practices of magic in the white man '8 blood. At the [ast among all races and in ai1l ages, and minute the jealousy of a shrewd old witch-doctress, whom Tulasi had pact almost €'I1tirely upon illustrations scorned, leads to the discovery of the and the use of emotional appeals. plot and the revolt is made effective. Personal references are very promi- nent and do not add materially to the .A missionary of a fine type who truth presented.-J. F. R. comes into the new district gives the author opportunities for contrasting A Manual of Archive Administration. In· the views of clergyman and official, cluding the Problems of War Archives an~ though at first ther opinions are and Archive Making. Hilary Jenkinson, wide apart, experience brings great M.A., F.S.A. xix, 243, 7 pp. New York: changes to both. The story is almost Oxford University Press, American obviQusly the creation of a missionary Branch. $3. 1922. serving in the West Mrican field, but there is no bias and no special An excellent piece of technicall work pleading.-F. S. J. by a thoroughly competent specialist, -the first relatively complete work What Is The Y. M. C. A. t By Paul Super. in any language upon the subject. An explanation of what archives are, with 126 pp. Association Press, New York. illustrations of varied styles, and a 1922. statement of the duties of archivists, is followed by chapters upon .the This little treatise is an interpreta- origin and development of such docution of the organization by a man ments and rules for archive keeping; who knows the inside workings of the a full description of modern achives Y. M. C. A. He is now National and their making; a specia~ series of Secretary for Poland, and has ha,d discussions as to war archives and long experience with .Association work their custody. Six appendices, very as a secretary of the International practical in character and illustrated Committee. He sees the problem pre- by examples of archive preparation, sented by the wonderful growth of conclude the volume, with the excepthe movement, and realizes clearly the tion of a seven-page list of monodifficulty of maintaining the spiritual graphs upon the War, part of which side of the work. How; to spirituwlize have been already prepared, and all the organization in all its activities of which discuss the economic and is the baffiing problem which he sets social history of the World War.- before himself to try to solve. To H. P. B. affirm that he succeedS would be to say too much, but it is only fair to the LandmarkS in the History of Early Chriswriter to state that he lays down the tianity. K.il'BOpp Lake. 10-3 pp. $1.25. MacMillan Co. l-few York. 1922. principles, which if followed in a. true Here is an unsuccessful attempt to spirt, will be the means of making find in Christianity simply a series of the Association a spiritual force in synetheses of separate religious faiths every community. While the book is associated with familiar geographical intended especially for secretaries, it centers. The reader is taken in sucwill also be helpful to all those who cession to Galilee, Jerusalem, Antioch, have the interests of this organization Corinth, Roman and Ephesus as at heart.-J. F. R. centers whose particular traditions, rather than any real revelation from A Gratn of Wheat-and Other Sermons. God, have been perpetuated in the Walter Benwell Hinson. 141 pp. Bible New Testament. One committed to Institute Colportage Association, Chicago. the conclusions of rationalistic de- 1922. structive Biblical criticism will find himself in a congenial atmosphere These topical sermons addressed to with Dr. Lake, who frankly confesses, the popular mind are rather ordinary (page 42), that "It seems to many as in thought, evidently depending more though the line of thought suggested on the personality of the speaker than above, which reduces to a vanishing on the power of the ideas expressed. Dr. Hinson does not always expound the text, and makes very little use of the context. He depends for his impoint the amount of Christology trace- In China Now: China's Need and the able, in the ordinary sense of the word Christian Contribution. J. C. Keyte. to Jesus Himself, if in some way u. 160 pp. 28. United Oommittee of Misgrave loss to Christianity. No doubt sionary Education. London. 1923. it is a departure from orthodoxy." Christian Literature in Moslem Lands. One not accustomed to eliminate Committee on Soeial and Religious Surfrom the Gospels, Acts and Epistles, veys. 306 pp. $3.50. George H. Doran teachings contrary to his preconceived Co. New York. 1923. notions and to build his theories upon such an impoverished residium, will The New Palestine. W. D. McCracken. find little light or help in understand- Foreword by Viscount Bryce. 392 pp. ing the genesis of Chritianity in these 16s. Cape. London. 1923. ,'Landmarks. " The story of the death of the Pharisee, Akiba, and his Palestine, the Land ·of Three FaJths. Philip interpretation of the meaning of the Graves. 286 pp. 128 6d. Cape. Lon- Shema "Thou shalt love the Lord, don. 1923. thy God, with all thy heart and with III thy soul," quoted from C. S. The Mexican Nation. Herbert Priestley. Montefiare's "Prolegomena to Acts," 507 pp. $4.00. Macmillan Co. New is one tradition worth reading.-F. P. York. 1923.

Annual Meeting of the lIome Missions The Social Revolution in Mexico. Edward Counoil and Council of Women for Home Alsworth Ross. 176 pp. $1.75. Century Missions. Report. 1923. Co. New York. 1923.

The breadth, depth and greatness Adventures with the Bible in BrazO. F. of the work of home missions are C. Glass. 220 pp. 4&. Pickering & Inshown in this volume which is rich in gliB. Glasgow. 1923. facts. Pastors and officers of missionary societies will find here a With Italy in Her Final War of Liberawealth of material for sermons and tion. Olin D. Wannamaker. 294 pp. addresses on Alaska, Indians, He- $1.75. Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. brews, Negroes, Orientals, Mexicans, 1923. European immigrants, Mormons and others in city, country, mountains and Among Unknown Eskimo. Julian W. prairies of North America. Bilby. 280 pp. $5.00. Lippincott Co. Philadelphia. 1922. NEW BOOKS Alaska, the Great Country. Ella Higgln- The Ways of Ah Sin. Charles R. Shepherd. son. 583 pp. $2.50. Macmillan Co. 223 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. 1923. New York. 1923. A Galilee Dootor-A Sketch of the Career The Children's Bible. Henry A. Sherman of Dr. D. W. Torrll!11ce of Tiberias. W. and Chas. F. Kent. 329 pp. $3.50. Chas. P. Livingstone. 283 pp. $2.0'0. George Scribner's Sons. New York. 1922. H. Doran Co.· New York. 1923.

Better Amerioans. Joyce C. Manuel. 114 Sundar Singh, ':le Lion-Hearted Warrior. pp. 60 oonte. Council of Women for E. Sanders aL Ethelred Judah. 96 pp. Home Missions and Missionary Education Society for the Propagation of ChriBtian Movement. New York. 1923. Knowledge. London. 1923.

Save America. Elizabeth Tilton, Editor. Pandlta Ramabai. Helen S. Dyer 173 pp. 129 pp. 25 cents a copy. National Com- 4&. Pickering & Inglis. Glasgow. 1923. mittee of One Hundred for Law En- ,forcement. 302 Ford Building, Boston. Lives 0' Men or George Bowman of Pltten- 1923. weem. Margaret Pyle. 58 pp. 18. China Inland Mission. London. 1923. China in the Family of Nations. Henry T. Hodgkin. 267 pp. $2.00. George General Peng. Marshall Broomhall. 80 pp. H. Doran Co. New York. 1923. lB. China Inland Mission. London. 1923.

The Tai Race. Wm. Clifton Dodd. 353 pp. Archibald McLean. Wm. R. Warren. 399 Torch Press. Cedar Rapids, Iowa. 1923. pp. $1.50. United Christian MiBsionary Sooiety. St. Louis. 1923.

FrancoisCoillard: A Wayfaring Man. Edward Shillito. 235 pp. 58. Student ChriBtian Movement. Londou. 1923.

Raymond Lully: Dluminated Dootor, Al· chemist and Christian Mystio. Arthur Ed. Waite. 75 pp. 28. Rider. London. 1922.

The Missionary Wife: Her Preparation, l'lace and l'rogram. Mrs. Chas. K..Roys. 39 pp. 25 eents. Committee of Refer- ence and Counsel. New York. 1923. (Continued on 3rd. Cover.) USED IN OVER 500.000 CHRISTIAN HOMES HURLBUJlSIQRY Of-tHE BY JESSE LYMAN HURLBUT. D.Do Recommended b, all denominations for lis freshness and accuracy. lor lis slmplicllJ ollenluale. for lis freedom froID doctrinal dlscusslo,,"

A COMPANION VOLUME TO THE BIBLE FOR lEACHERS-StUDENTS-FOR tHE HOME AND SCHOOL One hundred and oirly-eight stori.. eaoh oomplete in i tae1f, .Yet ~ a':;'~rJlno,~u~~~'!:,~~~ttJf!'A~fin~g:~::f;~~:~ DUthor'. fresh and ma1iBti. treatment. Boo_.. . The Biggest and Best Illustrated Book for the Price. Octevo, 767 pa•••, 16 GOlor platel. 260 IIluslration.. PRICE S2.00 O,u"l. aI"U Bepr…..l4tioe. Wankd..

JOHN C. WINSTOt{ COMPANY, Book" Bible PubUsbora, 259 Winston BId.~ Philadelphia For Gifts-' the Punjab, on "India's Early Religious Ideals." Send your friends the finest Chi· nese Jasmine Tea and crystalized ** ginger from the Land of Sinim. DR. H. K. W. KUMM, of the Sudan United Tea in bright ted Chi. Mission, left this autumn on a tour of in- spection of the stations of the mission, and nese baskets, • $1.25 plans to return in the summer of 1924.

Tea in decorated tea· .50 ""

table tin boxes S. P. FENN, of Cleveland, Ohio, sent to the International Committee of Y. M. C. Ginger, 0·lb. boxes, • .75 AB. an ullJlolicited eontribution of $500,· ODD, following the announcement that the Ginger, 1.lb boxes, 1.25 property loss of the Association in ;rapan would probably amount to more than $,1,- I will 'supply greeting cards, wrap and 000,000. The only condition attached to mail the parcels direct to the addresses the gift is that $50,000 of it shall apply you send-timed for Christmas or other to the Retirement Fund of the Y. M. C. Agift delivery-at no extra cost to you. of North America, and the balance be used for permanent buildings of the Association As my supply is limited. 1 would sug- in foreign lands. gest you place Christmas 0 iers now. OBITUARY MRS. ELSIE CLARK KRUG DR. MARy PIERSON EDDY, for many years IMPORTER a lIedical missionary of the Presbyterian 2227 St. Paul Street Board in Syria and founder of the Tubercu· losis Sanitarium near Beirut, died in Sep· BALTIMORE .• MARYLAND tember, in Beirut.

PERSONALS *""

(Conelul1ea from page 882.) DR. DAVID W. TORRANCE, of the United Free Church Scotch Medical Mission of sociation of India, is visiting Australia nn- Tiberias, Palestine, died on September 1st, der the auspicee of that organization and in Sated, Palestine. For about forty years the Student Christian Movement. he had given himself to the alleviation of suffering in Tiberias, and from many miles "** around many came for his healing minis· trations to soul and body. The story of his PAUL KANAMORI, the Japanese preacher life has recently been written by William who has been called "the Moody of Japan, ,,' Livingstone and published by Doran Com· is to visit Australia and New Zealand early pany, New York. in 1924. "" * LYMAN STEWART, the well·known Chris· REV. R. ERNEST HUME, PH.D., D.D., Pro· tian philanthropist and founder of the Bible fessor of the History of Religions·at Union Institute of Los Angeles, died at his home Theological Semi~ry, New York, was due in California, on September 28th. He was to arrive in Bombay, early in September, to a great-hearted Christian and was eagerly deliver a course of lectures under the aus- looking for the coming of Christ. pices of Bombay University, and also in "

DR. WILTON MERLE-SMITH, for many years pastor of the Central Presbyterian Church, New York, and President of the Presbyteri' an Board of Home Missions, died at his home in Manhattan, on October 3d.

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Here Are Some Good Things to Come in the REVIEW A Moslem View of Christianity-by Samuel M. Zwemer. Notable Japanese Christians Today-by Galen M. Fisher. A Remarkable Work for Chinese in AInerica-by Jay S. Stowell. Nationalism in India-by Raymond P. Currier.

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Allen Bennett: A Belgian Saved by Grace-by Mrs. Ralph C. Norton. Lay Evangelists in Korea-by William N. Blair.

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Please mention THE MIBBIONABY REVIEW OF TllE WORLD in writing to advertisers. We Cashed Our Wishes at the Bank By ANNA HUSSEL EVER since some friends After a little practice both of us of ours settled in Van- could knit as fine socks as any. couver, B. C., this has one ever saw. About all one seemed to us like a Prom- has to do is to turn the handle -fast or slow, just as you like ised Land-the land of our -and watch the yarn. The dreams. One reason was machine itself does the rest. It that through thes _ friends was so easy and interesting that I wanted to knit aU the time. I we knew a fine job at a fine earned $14.76 the first week. salary was waiting for Wil- We were mighty happy when the postman brought us that liam (my husband). We had first check from the Home Profit never felt settled nor contented where we were then located- f!°:~~kY u~o~~~nl~ur~~g:~eks Camden, N. J.-and this offer to earn the money to start on our coast·to-coast trip. from Vancouver made us ac~ tually dissati.'Sfied. But Van- A Wonderful Trip C~~d~n. is Tt~o~la:ilet~uttOl~ de?iihti~i v~c:t~~~e[~~~llr~f~s~ we didn't have the money for the Ve crossed thirteen States and trip. It wasn't our fault-we had gone through some bad part of Canada. Saw many in- luck. We owned a little furniture, a Ford car, and the i~~es~~~! ~:~kSI a~ldcl~g!ngR~; clothes on our back. But that was about all. Nothing ~~~;t~il~' wa~vf~I1 :; ii~t:r!~: saved up. It was taking every cent William earned just to Hve. If we had sold everytbing we owned in the world., we And now here we are in Vancouldn't have raised enough cash to pay our expenses even couver..-…..our Promised Land. half way to Vancouver. Unless wishes could be cashed at William has started in his new job and likes it immensely. the bank, we decided we might as well quit thinking about it. We like the place and the people. We know we are going to j'live happy ever afterward." "Hooray t.. He Shouted If it hadn't been for the money we so easily earned with One Sunday William was reading the paper. I'll never the Home Profit Knitter! we could never have gotten this forget it-that day changed the whole situation for us. b:~;~~~~"ur IiIi~~ W~ofitSOK~h~~r f~~thSu~~atA~dt~fN?w'if. c'Hooray!" he shouted. "I've found it, Anna I Look herel" He showed me what he had been reading. It told how people" all over the country were earning extra money in their spare time-at Simple, easy and pleasant work done in • liam's new salary and the extra money we expect to earn the privacy of their own homes. How one woman averaged by knitting, we'll soon be on "Easy Street." MRS. W. E. RUSSEL, over $11.00 a week. Another $15.00. How a husband and 3034 19th St.~ Vancouver, B. C. wife together earned over $35.00 in a single week. All this (Canada.) in spare time-time that most people just fritter away. It * * + If was 'Work that anyone anywhere can do-knitting socks on Helping Hundreds Pocketbooks the Home Profit Knitter; with good pay guaranteed. of nAnna," William said, "there's our chance. 'rhere's the 'Way to get to Vancouver and make a fresh start in life. The Home Profit plan is putting easily earned extra rve got it all figured out. Let's send for full infonnation money into the pockets of people all over America-helping about this Home Profit Knitter and the guaranteed pay, and them pay for homes, helping them put money in the bank, then I'll ten you." helping them pay debts, helping them buy furniture and After mailing his letter, William told me his idea. We automobiles, helping them dress better and live better, helpwould make the trip to Vancouver in our flivver-iake our ing them in al1 the ways that money can be used for. time, see the country as we went, have the time of our lives. It would be cheaper than by train, and a lot more Some earn $5., $10 or $15 extra every week; some as fun. We could quickly earn enough extra money with the high as $25 to $30 or more-just in their spare time, in the Home Profit Knitter to buy our food and gasoline and pay privacy of their own homes and without any interference all Ollr expenses on the way. We were so excited that we could hardly wait for the answer to our inquiry. with their other duties. How muC'h one can earn in this way all depends on how $14.76 the First Week much spare time can be given to the work. You are al- It didn't take us long to decide after reading the facts ways your own boss–can knit as many or as few socks each day or each week as you choose. The Home Profit Hosiery ~~:~tfo~h~ Ift~~~ ~~~~! il:j~~e;~:n3°~nf~~~llth~t ~l~ f~ir;¥~~~h~~~ri;:t:~~o;da~~:ewithe~herra~i;tles~~~ilc~~ioc:s~ and to give you good pay for every pair you send them.

Ham had been right. The in!'truction book that came with They also supply free yarn for all the socks you send them. There is an enormous demand for the firte quality of wool – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – , our machine made everything perfectly plain and clear. hose so easily knitted on the skilful little Home Profit HOME PROFIT HOSIERY CO., Inc. Knitter, and the Home Profit Hosiery Company is ready to make guaranteed atrangements with as many spare time I Dept. 252, 872 Hudson Ave., home workers as they can get. It doesn't tnatter where you I Rochester, N. Y. live. You don't need to know anything whatever about I Seud me full information about making money at home knitting at the start-the simfle and clear instruction book in my spare time with the Home Profit Knitter. I am Eit~~, s:oIT~t1:o~:r~Wtim:,-1an~t~h:e~~l1~~g~e!!o~e u~!o~~ ~~~~:!f:nd ~h~:sIP~:a~~tt~bli::t~ot~ ~~;~~~g, and I I Send for free information. Simply tear out and mail the I Name ..••…•………………•…•….•••••…. :~~~~~Wjt ~:!tee!~J; ~ak~u~ diiff~;enJ:h~~ ~:~dr~d~Yof dollars a year to you.

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